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AUTHOR OF "Oin THSTAMKNT tK.TU .SM AM. IH. > MU,-,, ■ .n K. U. ,x,KOUVCT.ON TO AUTHOR "'^ " , TESTAMENT. - " THK . .AVKS ..^ U.K . ...... V i ... THE ARCHIVES THE PRES. TERIAN CHURCH IN CANADA NEW YORK A. S. HARNHS eV COMPANY 1909 THE INTERPRETER'S COMMENTARY ON THE NEW TESTAMENT tffEtGHT yOLVMEX WITH NOTES AND COMMENTS BV LYMAN ABBOTT. D.D., and JOHN E. McFADYEN. M.A. By LYMAV AUnoTT .IF. Go-^PF.b ACCOKUINO To St. Matthkw THE GOSI KL ACCURUISO TO ST. MAKK AND ST. LUM The GosPEt, accokuixo to St. John The Acts ok thk A'h.sti.ks The Ei-iSTLE ti> thk Romans By JOHN E. McFADYEN' THE EPISTLES TO THE CORINTHIASS AND GALATIANS Cfltrr//*/. xV^h^'S- B'rne, A Co. to mv OBAR AND TEUSTV FRIEND REV. THOMAS ROWATT BROWN VRiAWCK K) 1 11! iM i:ki'ri:tkks C ().\l\ll- .\ l AKV. 'I'll, ti' iiir L'ii>ii|i- of iiui'slions lo tthirli tlM- •itiiilfiii <>!' tli>' \fw Tciitami'iit .Mfks iiili ili;:il>lf rtplits. t. WlH-n iiikI liy wlmiti wcro iIh- Uwikr* nliuh conlain tliin «o||(t titm of writ- injrt*. iiriil ilii'ir c"!!!! Ill -, i |h.ii\i1\ win '•' 'i. Iliiw iitiiilv (liNS lilt |i \t wl'.itli w. i>si»<'SH niiili'iiii to till' t« \t (if till! orijjiiial writ ill;.'- wliuh Imvf l'»ii^ •iiic |Hii''liftl, iiinl what r!iuii};»'s. if any. an' nm'ssai v in lie luacle in tln' .\< v. r'-taim-nt in miniiion um' to mukt* u more p«'ii'<'( t!\ I (iiifDfm I" i' • 'III ;i. l»Mc> the l\iif;ii>l: n-lalion (..TiTi'l liy t!ii' iwo Kii;;lish vi'isidhh in (-om- iiit .1 HiH* — tlu' Aiitliitriml vi'r>»inn and tin- Ifcvi-i'd viTsion — corn'rtly rrpn'Sf-nt tlio original, ami in ( it lioi s imi. wliat iii'iilHi' :it i<>ii> will i>nahlf the KngliHh rcailcr to pvl moro airuiati'ly tin- iiiraninjj of tlic original ? I. Mow wouiil ihfM' writing:* have hccn iin(l l,\ th.' |iiii|ili> to whom tlicv wiTf ailtlicsM'il : wlu ii tin y aic n'|Mii i-i of sim . Iks or rontroviTsii'S, liow woiilil tlir -|inki n wiMils liM\c lii i ii iiii(li'i«tooi| ; mill wlnii aiil ran \vr <;i'f towani a I'orii'fl answer lo ilu'Si' c|Ui-itiiiiis from kiiii\vlri!j;i' of tlic tiiin's. tlic |H'o|ilt' anil their nuinnprs", i\w rnstomn ami pn-valcnt lialiitx of thoujjht? Thus when .Ffsiis in his ilriiuiu iat ion of ttii' l'li;iri-;i i > say<. " How t an yr i -rajir tlif ilanina- ti»)n of lull?" His words litcra' y it'iiiK itd arc *" How lan ye i>ia|M' from th»' fomlonmation of (M-ht-nnar" What was (iehi'nna !' How would liis anditurit httvo umlcrstood this (|iH'stion? .">. Till' Ni w 'I'lstanii'iit wriiiiiL'- conlain tin' i nuin iai ion of rcrtain moral and spiritual iirim iplcs of (rcii. lal applnation. How air Un v lo lii' uiuli'isinod ami how arc thoy to Ix* af>plit'd l»y us to tin- ixTsonal and six ia! proldonw of mir own tiuK'? This lomnu'iitary is dcvnti'd chiefly to a tonsiili'iatioii of tlif fourth and lifth classes of ijiiestions. In so far as knowlcdiri' of hisforieal, literary eritieism, textual ciiliiisin ami verhal eri i ism is iicci-isaiy in ordiT to apprehend the wav in wliitii contcnipoiarir-i won I have iiniln -lon.j ih.' oiii:inai wiiiiiiL'- miiiI disioursi'S and in oidcr lo see how thr piiiuipK's I'liihodiid in ihise writings and dist'ourses are to l»o understood and applied in our time, tlie results of M'holarly disi'UPsions are <:i\i'n. But, I'M'cjit for this piirpos<', iliere is very liltli- disnission in the'i'.papes of tlio ij rstioiis of authorship. ie\l. or ^rammatiial lonstriirlion. The student will iind plenty of lomni'-ntaries ih-voted exche^ivcly to !li>'-e pre- I'UKl ACK TO TlIK iXTKlU'HKTKH'S COMMENTARY. i liiiiiiiiirv ■ ufsiidns. It luis iml Im'ti tliiiiiplit iuv<'ssary to rcpoat tlirir work in ji iliix' vnluim -. In oilier umd.-. tliis foiunu'iUary is piimarily not a critical but f nil iiitiT|uciiiliu' (■iiiiiiiit'iiiary. ' Tlip t catejxory. Sonic texts in their rc- I port of ilu' Lord's |irayer. ;.fiveii in His sermon, eontaiii the doxolofry. " Tliine if is the kinjrdom. and the [tower, and the plorv forever. Anuni." Others omit this <|o\oloLry. W'liiih text properly (onloriiis to the oriirinal? This question is one for tevtiia! ciiticisin and heloiisrs in the s<'(ond catcf^ory. How are wc to understand the direction. " Take no tlumjrht for the morrow? " What is the ineatiiiip of the orijrinal (Ire.k uhicli is rendered in the Revised version. " lie not anxious!-*" This (|ne~ii(iti i- one of \eilial eiilieisni and lieloii;.'-s in the lliird late^'ory. liow would the disi iples of .lesiis Cliiist have understood Mis definition of His mission in the phrase, "Think not that I have come to de- -Iroy the law and the propliels; I am not eome to destroy hut to fulfill"? How, in the lij:lit (d' their piohahU' iiiidersiaiidiiij:, are we to understand this declaration? What does it leach us respei triij^ the mission of .T»'sus Christ and the relationship of Chi is; iiiniiy to dudaism? These are (luestions of inter- pretation and eoine iiiidei' ihe fourth and tifili catej.'ories. If the reader will turn to the pajres of this i cininieiitaiy in uliii h Malihew"s report <>{ the -eiiiioii on Ihi' mount is treated, he will find there an answer to all of these (piestions, and he will aled version adopts a different text from the older Authorized version, the text of the l{evis<'rs is t'enerally to Im< preferred. In a few cas(>8 the authors have adoptwl a different text from either and have stated thi' reasons for so di in<;. The commentarv has ')een prepared for Knelish reacler*. hut it ed upon a careful study of the _^PREFA(1^ TO THE^INTERPRETER'S ro^fMEXTAin . original (irook. Wfu-nev^T in ,he authorv";>pi;^.; a .l.ir..,..„t transla,,.,,. ..-.vk w,l anl ,1,.. l.u.U.U nador in ,.,ting a truo un.l.T.tan.li,,,^ .,f ,1,.. |m>saf;o, siuii Iranslali.iii :s liiniishf,! in III,. I., ,|,.. l ,, i FH>ra.ed .n the Not... K.v.rpt wJu... a .iifferem. of ,ranslano„ ,1 „.,,,.,,..., „1. ... nnu-Mtary .s pn oa-vd I,v ,hos.. wh 11..... ,l,a, th.> X.-w T.stan .-nf . .. a.,thontafvo ,n,..,pn.ta,ion of th.. p,.i„...p|,.s an.i p,-...,.,, " "'i" and ,h.. spirit vhich 1... nun.. ,o in.pa,-,. L tha, ,n ■ . - i"" ••<•;-■ -'.i ^pn-iu,al pn,,,|..n.sand„ li iM N-n..Unn.h.n.... ...wanl tha, kin,M..n. of Co,] Paul ha, del- W " .•.^'htoouanos8 and p^-a.^e and joy in th.. Holy Spirit " '•t'si rilnd m .•/i:';:i:i::K;;:;;:'t;';tt,::r';:;r;":;;';:,::::-T F«'hruarv. 1909. T.ym.w .\hw)tt. •'oiiv K. .M( F\i>vi;v. .h;pa. f.n;th.p^^ ;;:;:;,;;;:;:;;;;;^;;n to "....nn:d;::.:;;::d:.;::;:;i:r .-.'■s. loayin, tho original ...mu ' i ' '^^7 '"'"''"''^ '■"'ii'."" tl„w ,.!,.,rlv il„. ..I,.,n,- f " !'"'" "• " ^"'■"'-"1 mor,. hon..>t fo ■■■ ••• u;iiiiiiit ill. icMini" ill,. .|!i,.,-ii,,„. \in fndin,t..d. it ,nay In- as.imn.d th-.t in 'C, J ''^ Ly.«a\ .\i!noTT. PREFACE. It has often seemed to me that Biblical commentaries are not ni attractive as tliev might f,e The scattrrerl inf^^ ! ^ has to be carried back bv the rcLer i to Ihe ^ T T''" ""'^'^ interpretation often seen, to s ,ff r f 1 1 " ''''' lacl< of continuity. I have sought to obTate this bv ^ of the comn,e„t a translation of mv oJn wWch s anr""f """" black lettering, and which cm tl.ns L " ''"'^ Prommently in nary Bibhcal text whi h is p , at tl '""^ ^-."-ntary. The ^r::^^:' ^Z^ f^ ^ tiinious cx|.,siiinn. »|i„„, ,|ic reader li„u fl,. ">f"»t.'li "K c.iii- mind; and ,l,c,. „,al,c i, ca>y for , , , ,„ :," ;'"''' '"■ December. 1908. '^''-I'^dyen. FIRST EPISTLK TO THE CORINTHIANS. FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. Introduction. No book in tlie New Testament exhibits more Rraphicallv the magnitude an.I vanc-ty ..t t!io prnMnns wliidi Cliristianitv lia.l to face in it> effort to subdue tlic ancient world to itself, than tlu- first q.i.tk- of Paul t.. tlu- Corinthians. Corinth xvas, in a very real sense, the meeting place of eaM an 1 west. ... thoir commerce and their thoi^ght. Of the brilliant ami beau- titul city. It has iKcn said that "in her quicklv pulsing life, in her luvurv and vice, she may be described as the I'aris of the ancient world." The atmosphere ot (ireecc lies about the epistle: the eager mind is here that discusses an.I ,|ue.tions ihe resurrection (xv. 12), the spirit of faction is here that cur-ed the ancient democracies, and that now threaten, to rend the church with party cries; the lai^'e and tolerant outlook is iiere an.I the deep an.I vivid interest i„ life and its problems. In this city of art and commerce, ot intellect an.I vice, there was a church of (.od (I. 2). founded by the apostle I'aul , iii. 1,,. claims to be the father of the Crinthian Christians, and thev are his belove.1 children ,iv. .4 f. . During the ye.ur an.I a h.uf which he ha.l spent at Lonnth (Acts xvni. n) ••teaching the word of C.mI among tlu-n, ' his evangelistic -efforts had been crowned with a considerable measure of suc- ce>s (I t or. 1. 4-;, : an.I though there, as ever>'where, he had encountered bitter opposition lr..m the Jews .Acts xviii. M. vet n.-t .,nlv . lentiles but Jews were won for the g.^pel. inclu.ling even a ruler of the synagogue (Acts xv.„ 8. I Cor. 1. ,4). Naturally, however, the bulk of the converts were Gent.le ( or. xii. M.>.t .,,f tlun, were .Irawn from the classes, few were numbered ani.,ng Corinth's wise or mightv or noble , i ■ bt.. , .>u .tle.s there were a few. The graphic descripti.-n'of the celebration' of tlR Lor.ls supper in xi. .... fT. presupposes a variety of social condi- tions, a., such a man as Stephanas , i. ... xvi. ,5. w..ul.-| pn>l.al.lv bo w I off. Paul recognized the great strategic imp..rtance of Lorinti,.' In the w.>r.|s of the visio,,. ^, ^.^ ^ the an.xious em.,tion wuli which he began his lah.-r; but the eighuen momhs which he spent there were rewarded by the rise of a ehur. I, .',0... . . were rich m Christian " utterance and knowle.lge. an.I came behind in no The work of Paul had been very ably seconded by Apollos; what Paul ixTKonrcTiox. ha.l plamol. Iia.l waU-rc.l ( iii. ^.). It is clear from «. 12 that Paul ami A|N.llos imprt-ssi-.l tlu- Coriiitluai.^ in very .litlVr. nt way-. Apnll.- \va. a brilliant ^i^^ aUt. a.i.l. a^ an Ah xau.lrian, 1... .l..ul;t a master ..I tlu' alk^ gurii-al iiitiri.retatinn ,.| tiu' ( »1.1 Totannnt ( Acts xviii. 24 ff.). with which he conftitcl the lews an.l l.n.ve.l that Jesus was the MoMah. ( )n n> arrival at ( orinlli. hi^ intlunur lH.i,'an at .muv t.. tdl iH.urrlullv: liis elo- quent an.l i.lnl.-M.i.lnc preadnnu w.-nM l.r nmre attractive t.. the average (;reek wit., worshipi-e'l ••utterance and knowledRe." than the simpler an.l more una.lurne.l speech of Paul. To the ere.l.t uf l...th nun, l,..wever, neither l.".ke.l up-.n the -.tlur a^ a rival. Tiiey were Loth (..»!> lellow- worker. ( i.i -^i. I'aul reeuK'ni/es that "he that planteth an.l he that watereth are om>" (iii. S» : an.l .\im.11..s. wh.> happen^ to he with Pa.il uluii he writes thi^ Utter to the ( , .rinlhi.ans. reln-es u< take advantage ol Pauls earnest rnpiest that he slionl.l vis.i (.\.rinth with the hiethren who are about t.> ( xvi. !-M. , , I I This letter ua. written from I i.lu Mis ( xvi. Si-wh. re Paul Mave.l l.e- tueei, tu- an.l ihtee sears , \el> xi.v. 10. xx. 31 I alter leaviiif; t nnmh — an.l api-arentlv f.war.K the conclusi.m of his stay (.Acts xix. 21, 1 Cor. xvi. 5). It is wrhten at any rate liefore IVnlecst ( xvi. S). perhap^ ah.-nt i-"aMer (..f ^7 A. D r*. '1 iure wa> cnMaiit intercourse between i':i>he-us an.l orinth/an.l Paul i> ohvic.u>ly thor. mj;lily well inf..rme.l of the C.>rm- thian situation. His .iwn letter is in.lee.l. in part, a reply to a >eries .>f ,,uesti..ns he ha.l receive.l lr..ni the C orinthians , vii. i It . 1 rej^ar.lm- certain matter, ol' practical imp'.rtaiice: marriage an.l .liv..rce. the partaking ul the liesii ol animals ..tiere.l in sacrifice to i.lols (viii.-x.). (perhaps also whether w.>men sli..ul.l he miveile.l in the Christian asscnil.lv. xi. . the exer- cise ,.t s,,i,i,ual i;itts ( xii.^xiv.i. the i>r..per metli...! of taking the c..llecti..n f.,r the po..r of the lenisalem church (xvi.). lUit Paul ha.l other sources ,.f inf..rmation. some «)f which are name.l. others we are K it t.. inter. Mem- luTs .,1 the h..usehoM of C hl.ie hn-ught him new> the .hvisi,.n~ m the ( ..rinthiaii churdi ( i. 11 ). Through .\p..ll..s ( xvi. i->) an.l Stei-hanas with his tu.. companions (xvi. i;) he w.nihl Ik- kept in t..uch with the situatu>n. He "hears" how certain public services are being c.n.lucte.l ( \i. iS). he knows the rnm.^rs about the moral life ..f the church ( v. 1). he is aware „f what s..me i.eople are saying ab.mt the resurrection of the .lea.l ( xv. 12). His own letter is written with an intimate knowle.lge of the situati.Hi — the first six chapters being sugL'cstv.l. roughly s,Haking. bv the reports he has received, the ..tlier bv the letter tliey had sent, lie lia.l aliea.h vuutcu a letter liel..re this ..lie which appears to have In-en. perhaps wilfully, luisun.ler- st.Kxl (V. .}): and the present sitnation is serious en..ugh t.. justify him in .sen.ling Tiim.thy t«» Ci>rinth in advance of himself ( iv. 17, .1. 10 f.), ixTRonrcTiox. thouRh Whether Timothy reached Corinth ..r no, is „,K.rtain ,cf. vvi ,u- " . .itKi Act-- six, j_» ). Tl.c iwo m..M c.n.pir,,,.,,. f,a,„r..s „f , ,.ri,„|,ia„ cu.nnuinitv were cc>.,te„t...„s „H.IIec.naI.Mn .n..n„ral.,v.- u.n.rcs .^..uU. ll^Z t n>„c of doca.Unt (.reeoe; an.. on ,lH. „ ...-.1 ...,H,„v a„.l „„i,y of ,1,. .lu.rch . i. The low moral- ity IS vrry nudl.jj.l.lc- whni conM.UT ll.at Corinth u;,. ,„„■ of tl.,. „ seats of the worship of Aphro.!it.. who l.a.l ov.r a thous.,„l pric^t.^.^s in n.y ,!.vot..I to UT .n.n.oral a.lt. I, was at Corinth that I'anl .Irew ' > . .rl< pu-tnre o, iK-atl,.,, i„ „„„, ,• ^ s o ,>fl^j.„.Iers .-.^..,„ t the .hv.no law. hc,.„„i„. with fornicator, .u,-! "Kl.Hln,,^ th.eves ami ,.^c ..,.o the c.n.inct K'lts ot the (.recks w..nl,l have ample so,p., an.l tlure mns. have ix-en some very effect.ve sp.akin,,. when the s^ cr.ts of .he heart were tn n "'. Tl nn .hcvcrs were ...vince.. that the presence of ....l .as in t,:';.:;-:;^ u^icl, ■"' ''•''•"vi'lnalisn, „„,st have reiKne.l ulmh .Mvcs ponu .o iVu,i-s warning .hat the .,|.ieci of a pnMi.- r. 1 ,s exerc.se ,s practically frnstrate. " nnless J e.l.he. ' u 7 />. I he natnra! n,..h>h.y of ,he ( ireek temp^-rament was hei-^htene 1 bv* -ts contact wuh the " spirit " of the new n li.ion an,l ,I„. ,n. ^ wekomt mamfestations of .he spiri. were the .„..st se-^a.-onal. " u- 1 T -v.ces nnw ,.,„ „ave l.en .lisor.lerly , xiv. , an., some.inu. .hl^l-M (X.. ^1 t.K Ihc passtonate an.l convincing exhortation of a prophet would 6 INTRODUCTION. be interritpteractical and speculative. Out of the con- fusion iire-eiite.i by those vivid and complex elements of Creek life, a world ..f order li.i.l to l)e create.I : aiic all thin.';- to men lix. .'Ji -a C.reek to tlie Creeks no le->s than a lew t»> the Jews. In this coimection. the collocation of chs xv. and xvi. is very striking. As at Athens ( .\cts xvii. 32) so at Corinth, difficul- ties were feh about the resurrection (i Cor. xv. !_•). In an arfjnment of much i)ower ami elxiuence. which shows his great constructive intellect. I'aul answers those difficulties, and then in the very next breath, begins to deal in the most practical way with the question of the collection (xvi.). The early days of Christianity luede.l ,1 threat or^ani^ing genius — one who could organize thoughts and affairs and mtii — and such a man they found m I'aul. Yet he w mid not him-elf have six.ken of genius, but of grace; it was by the grace of Cod that lie was what he was. and did what he iHd ( xv. 10). In this epistle we get a few glimpses of his unique career. He thinks with sorrow of the ). but bv the infinite grace of that C.od whose church he bad persecuted he is now an apostle — imleed an apostle by a triple right: first, because he has seen the Lord (ix. i, cf. xv. 8): secondly, because his work has been crowned with .success (ix. 2) : lastly, because be has suffered for Jesus' sake. The last .nr.gtuuent is elaborated in the second epistle, but this epistle also ilescribes the hardshii)s which he bad to Ix'ar for the gospel's sake — himgry ami thirsty, naked and bruised, hunted and doomed, a spectacle to men and angels ( iv. '>-i.O 1''- uiission iu life is to i)reach — that is why he was "sent" (i. 17) ; ami this he docs with passion but with simplicity, without rhetorical or i>iiilosophical devices (i. 17, ii. i). though he is well aware how dear these arc to the Corinthian heart. This does not mean, of course, INTRODUCTION. The facts aw no doubt of uniq„e im,M,rtancc (xv. xi. .>j bt.t the .I.Mns...n ..f ,Iu. roM-rrection shows how na.ly and competent I'aul was to i-rocm a constructive interpretation ..f thus/ facts in tLs of coLm porary thot.ght. There is no little irot.y i„ h.s Csdainter of " .X o, uiTri:^:;T '"^^ ^he cori;:hia;,s :;t;ci;^.. M;::i h ' ih!;;::::,;,: ^r^- «"^'>^' » .. . , ' •»"""«■ ■"•'«, rc of U.r.st upon th. cross. That was ,hc p.spd .,n.l " woe IS utito me. If I preach not the jfospol " (ix Tiu. r . r • 'I-..I.t the r.thcr half of the rosL and of t resurrection ,s no |.,„ , I. I , . M'sjHi. ami of no less nnportancc (xv is) l.ut to laul nenlur has any u.eanin, apart fr „„ ,he other- it ,he crnahed Chr.st who rose. The one .h.trine o.fen.le.I . :reek- pr ,e L turns upon ,!,.,„. an.I he press.. „,,,„ hon.e in his preaching with in flex, hie persistency The a.ni.ition of his ,, f. „,at he mav tvfr V. C ...t, hat ..see., hut a.wa. the pr^^t IT^L^, l^Z;-^ This ,„lvati,.„ is „„, simply an ,..hcr-,vnrl,llv ,|,i„t.: .,,,i„|, i, , ,i„,. ; • " f ™w JL »»» V et: he MUT n,s ,K.™ „„„, ,,,„„„ „, J „„. . ' V^M- . - a,,,! I,y SalMtior as •• ,h,. ,.x,,a„ i,.„ ,„■ ,l„ c ,r |.r...c,|.k- as „ s,,r..a,|. i,„„ „„. ,,,„„, ,.f ,.„-,,,,^^ .. '^^ 2' „,..„ s,„.K.,y ,s prnnarUy „n, r>.v,.lmi..„arv, 1„„ ,n,„.,„n, i,,.. , " .ha. ,, „„rs in Chris,. •■ Al. ,l,i,„s ar. Ia„ ,„l ' i f ; . ........ ..,h.rs. „ ,„, , „ ,,„„„ „ „„„„,,„,^,_,„,'^., ,„ ';'» for i- ,„.. ,-„„:,-;„r;:^ ;,:r ;:;,,"",7- .Luifs. every Christian n,a„ i „,, ..l.rv I, , , .h. «ccU „, „ei,„^r: as a ^iJ^^^'i^^^^^'J!:;::^ 5 ^;iLr^;,^i^^'^^Fiiia&^<«^^ g ixTKonrcTioK. ,,,, o.,M.lir thf ..tlur n,an." " Ut m man seek hi* own goo.1. Imt the l.-M,. nalK -nu^t tin- law ..f love l.oM in th. dn.nh. a.no„>; lho>c that are umh .crvKT .s .t> l-^cr to ol.f>. „, ,„, «or.in,,.r-. I- " .lu' o.lu r ,nan is not e.hficd (x.v „u. .xm-i... then wo may well ask what ..^ valno an. ,.UKe n, tlu Irch. Spiritual .nfts are of ,nany kin.N. Uu l-ve nuM '^U rntnu- how U ,. -hall ..■ . . n i^el ( xii. H. .. an.l in any ca^e the mo. he .ft, are , ,...a..U. Into hi. wo„.lerful enloRV ..f love winch Alton .e- Ic ilH-s as ••,>crha,.. the nohle^t a.. n,l.la,e of heautml tlvu,!,,. m heau- ,i" lau.na es.an, n, .In^ our uo,M." the a.H.Mle ,.onr. the .nh,e>, o, hearr .M.ii. Tin> o.nee,.„on of the ehurch as a Ik.^' w.th m.^tlH.r>. ! erv one of which i. necessary to the welfare of the whole, an.! ev.rv ..ne of ^^■hieh nee.N . v.vv ntlv , . i^ uorko!-..nt with ,'reat snK«est.vene>s , x.v.) <„„Hti.n-^ ranr. teaehn.« i> o.lore.l hy Ins views of the near comm« ot n.ri., Tlu fact that the ti.ne i^ .hort. ap^ars. for example, to mflttence his .tosion of .narria,.. , vli. .u. cf. x. n). Hm ^y^u. cn^e the esehatoIoKical l,ack,ro„n,l of .he n-"^' .1 " appropriation of it, .eadun«. in it> protect a.amst .hscor. ami ^actton ami i s plea for holiness an.l nnity within the church, in ,t. en,pha~.^ upo„ bochlv ^. ^,„., „„i,„enauce of an iucx^rahlc n.oral -tamlard m matters af- f.cinu ,he relation, ..f the >exe>. in it, tine c.MnhuuUmn of tolerance for .,,1 ,l,a, „ not inimical to the spin! of Christianity w.th pract.cal cons,nlKr of the i hriMian co.nunnuty t.. ontrihute to the rck>.1 of he whole in its emphatic asserti.m of the resnrrec.ion. an.l in the ,n,..me pWe ulnch it assign' to love, the nK-,s.,c of ,lu- . j-iMk- „ nnu,..rtal. I hc hght .-t t K ...rl.l t.. come is ,he.l hack upon the work! that now „. \MnU- hrannR s rea.lers ,0 face their earthly pr..hlems an.l .lo their earthly .lu.u n hol.l, stea.lilv hef,.re their ..c^ ,1,. ,nat conM.unuatio,, ,.f lu-t,,rv. w uu all thmgs shall have U-en suhjcctcd to the Son. ami tiud .-hall he all m all (xv. -'8). THE FIRST EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. CHAPTER 1. I I'At u call««I. .mil S.i>- thcnr» our iimther. .-' ' I"" ''k' •liiinli .if r.. ..ill,, I /,. ,,„„|,, ^.,1, all lli.it III iMTy |ilaa- call |||><>|| tlu- iMim- < f Jtsii.H Christ oHr L u: Ks : I " V I IK VOL- BE (iRACE A.ND PEArE FROM (•ui> ui K Fatbir and the Lout Jesus C IIKI-I I. Paul i, an apostle of Jesus Christ, Mtil liy lim: .uni ^.iit i,. pnn-laiiii llitii. Ili..t w.i> thf uork ,it Ins life frniii In, coiivirMi.n, ati.l n i, m |n< capacity an apiiMtIc that he wnto to tin- Curni, mis But he has not stuiKhi ilii> t.i-k In In- ilivnuly callcl to his apostle- ■-liip jii^iifus Ml a, K. nice ihe authority with uliirh he will suli~ci|iict»l>- speak. It was • ul till iii. re lucos.iry to tlimw this w< II int.. tin forefront, as Mime nf the Coriii- tln.-.ii- apix.ir to h.ive cli.illenKed ,ir iKiir,-- ciat. il his apostlcship. .h,t / an ,. ,(■//.■.)' J. And ''.iu! ,iss,„i,,i,suitli hiinself Sos- thenes, win. in he cli-. the brother. \\ In. this ni.in was. w,- ,ann,it hi- sure, as the name w:is in.t mu-. .tnnii m it is n,,t iiiiii,.s.i. I>le that lie Is to he i call ufon III,- )(„»/,• „f thr /.„»•(/ J.-uis Christ in every f'lacc, but it has also local centers; an, I tlif si„,i[,c ,Kst,„,,ii..n ot tin, I,it,r is llic ;h :ich which existed .md llonrished in Connth. Ihe chnrdi of (.,.,1 ni ( oriiith ' the words s,,i,i lik.- a c mlradicti, .ii ,.r a dream, torii tli. the home of i,|ol,,trv .,iid iinniiirahty, an iinmor.ility m .ic .:!il.:Lh:nK perha- . tli.in in am otlu r p.irt i.l dn-,-, ,■■ yet th. chiir, h of („„1 ,|;,-r,.. .\c.,;n. i|, ,t' church isv.rv far ii..,,, |„ |,,^ ,|., ,,,!,[ I'l-: Paul h.,s to r.|".it,.!U ,„„1 earnestly its disputations spirit aiul its low Ideals. All the more reinark.ihlc. ih, r. i, ,. are the chaste and lofty words in win, h 1,,^ procei ds to ,lescril)e the Corinthian chnr. h It consists ,,| „„.„ who have been sancti- fied m Christ Jesus, th.it is, who have he ti M-parate.l ir,.m the w.irld, and made holv n.it so much hy llim a- in Him, that is! thnmnh ahi,|iiiK in linn. And just as Pud was calKd to no h ss re.dly called to this life of hoUneu. I ,.ns„|ermR the real M.ite .,f the Corinthi.m church, as ,liscln>ed hv tins epistle, Paul's npeated em|.hasis on its holiness sounds strange; but we have to remember that he 10 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. 1 Grace be unto you. and peace, from Cud onr Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ. 4 I thank my God always on your la- half, fur the grace of God which is given you bv Jesus Christ; 5 That in every thing ye are enriched \iy him, in all utterance, and in all knowl- edge ; is >iK'akiiiK lure i>i thi- diiirili ;is .i wlu'lo, not of inihvidual nienibiT>, and again tliat he is contemplating the church on its ideal bide. Despite its grave blenii.shes, it docs not cease to be a church, so long as its members are, in some real sense, iii Christ. It is singular, lint im d'Uibt intenti' m.il, that i'anl slicmUl ii^'l evtnid ht- gnilings to the Corinthian iliiiroli alutic, Iml iliat lir associates with ili.it iliiirili all who in any J lace call upon the name of our Lord esus Christ. The first rrlmki' that I'anl admini^liTs t" the snli.'nal .mikI jiarty spinl lit Ih.- l onnllii.iii^ ( \ i r. lotl'. i. Here he, as it were, aihnoniNhes thcni in .■iil\ani-v' .tiiil h\ inipluMlMii, ).;iiit;> r.niind- iiri; ihiin tlia; I'hniih, wlii.l. tluy wirr (h^nicmhrnni; hy thi-ir (hu-ums, wa> a grial and Mniiri--ni' niiity. Willi a sriipo and a iiunihi r^liip l.ar hi>cinil ihenisilvi -, and lliat it eiiihran d ail whiis. To make this point Mill more pl.iin, iie adds, theirs and ours. Some take tiiis phrase witli the word pla. c — Ill t\i'ry fliiic, llii-irs ivul ours: but thi^ is tame. The nuMnmu -I'cni^ rathrr to lie, tlh'ir Lord and riirs: and tin- |i!ira>-.' i- a deluale niiunder that the one Ji--iis is Lord of all. 3. The names of the writiTs and of the people ai|ilri~-i'd are follnutd liy llir i.;rri t- in'4 pr. '|u i Grace be to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. <.'.;. t- is ihr l.ning la\iir of (IimI. whhli i-^ut's ill ,■ fur tiic iiicii who .iir .n^i-|oii^ of it. jo a rhnr. h torn li\ iirniial il>-rn-i' 'ii^. xht- nnli.ii pr:i\i r fur Pi W'lnid lie ^pici.iUy .appropn.iti'. The iKlini.iIf ^iii;ii-i' of till-. Kfai'v and pt aie IS duiiu II cm only •.•••v.w Iroiii (i.id and Jisii- (,1iii-t. It 1^ \iry Munitii-aiit that tlu-^e two name-, cm be ihn-- ~it togetiier under tiie government of .i single preposi- tion. Tliis CO ordination of the names is a subtle, bnt signiticant evidence that I'anl conceived of je^ns a-> oci'npying an alto- gether iini(pie relation to (In,! Incidentally, one cannot help noticing in this section 1 ii liu rnportatiee attached to a ilivine call. It i« the oonscioiisiii-. of his call to t>c an a|>os|le that gives to rani's career :l- ■,T:;:!y. .;:;i: I-' W>r >!!i!i!arly the lite work of any man may he done witli cuncetitration anil enthusiasm if it be begun and continued in the iiis|)iration of such a call. .And again tb) there are here suggested the marks of a true churcli. Its members are men who are sanctified by union with Jesus Christ, who acknowledge I Inn as Lord, and the aim of whose life is holmess. iw/Tissrs his f;ralitiidi' /.ir tlii' );ifts of Al'ai't' enjoyed by the Corintliian tJiris- lians (i. 4-9). 4, 5. I'anl l)i;;iiis, as is Ins cnstoiii, with a ii' le of th.ink-giviiig ; ;iiid -o utterly st lf- K -s i> his lifr. that his recorded thanks- guiiigs an- nearly always expressii .ns of gratitude lor wli.it God lias done h'r ollirrs — as here, I thank God continually con- cerning you (ver. 4). This introductory expression of his solemn joy in the Corin- thian church is peculiarly .skilful and tact- ful, as so much of the subsetpient letter is occupied with reproof of their shortcom- ings : he wins their good will at the outset l'> hi- fr.iiik recngnition of their Christian altainnu'iit'-. lit- wa- grateful because of the grace of God which was given to you in Christ Jesus — not hy Jesus, a^ .\. V. le.ids: this IS to miss the trnlli tli.it the eiaie was (kpeiideiil npou union wnh llini. \\ li.it r.'.iil piiii-r'y n.eans hy u'i'ii' is made pi. nil hy liu- lu \t cl.i'i-r: (I mean), that in everything ye were enriched in Him (ver. 5 1--i;i;;.in with ( hn-t had ex- I'.itnlrd .iiiil ein u'lu d tin ir ii.ituri . i-pei i.illy in utterance of every kind and knowledge of every kind: that is, it h.id toiu ht d ,iiid i|iiiekeiuil thiir naiiir.al jiowers ui 1 \pre«- sioii and nisiiiht. I lie liniks h.id for cen- turies, been f.iiiions as speakers and thinkers, and the intbience of Christ is manifest in the new powi-r th.it h.is eoino to them in both tliose dirietioiis; they have a ru-lii T powiT of .ipprelieiiding truth, and of e\pri ssiiij,' the truth they apprehend. Or prrli.ips it Is sitiintieant that I'anl speaks ! I re 111 the past tense: the gift nvs given. I and tluy Ti'ivv cnncluil. The present con- j dition iif the church leaws nuu-h to be (lesired, as wi' see from the imniM'Mtr -e- ip'"'' : ''inil '' IS peril. ips Mininriii- iii.it I'.iiil :;•■■?- -|-t! i :.::oW 'edj^e. 1 ':e ghb- tongned. iiiiiiiiie w itted Greeks were ever I ready for an argtiinent. 1 ( UKINTIIIANS. H (i I'lvfH as tlio testimony of Cliri^t w.is (.■<'iitirim. vr u,i, e.i!l<-hiii of hw S..n Jv mi^ t iiri'-t cuir l.i)rd. 6-8. \<, thi was confirmed among you or in you — winiht r tii.ii icn- tirniaimn t<"ik some external form as, i- . f nnraile- wrouyht by the -luril U't. dal. ill. 5), or showed il-eif as deep inner con- \u-tion and lu w "f tiiueki iied spiritual l'.nver>: tiie u..riN iliat |m!|.,w pirhap^ rather suRKe^t thi- latter mterpi Uatii iii. So tlie eon^i (|iienee of thi> e. 'iilirni.il n mi was that there is no endowment of grace in which you feel yourselves behind. 1. t lij^ e.iiiM :,.n~ii, >-,,u!.l ..nl> lie inaiulaiurd 1 y liMii- ihiir h.art> up.ui tlie helter tiiiiiL; In \iilid. i:;m.u thr i'i!l iin: , \ i: ^ ,.\ (".v.; \\h,u lie ■.]■:. .11!,! ,■..!!, I- - : tlu'V earne-tl\ Ir.oked fiirward. patiently awaiting the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ I M r. - I. ,\iitl -.in;. J, -u- t iu i-t m u li'.ii! tin y h.iil li. , 11 I'll, il .m.l ,11- riehed ni tin. |i.i-t, 1^ lli who will also t>'r the luture confirm you, e\eii till the end i'i tins dwpen^ati.'n lth.it is. till | K- ,-.inu^ ;;u:an; 1, and will ensure that no charge be laid against you in the day of our Lord Jesus (Christ) uhen lie conies in jiidi^- iiu ut — a piira-e niod.'lled on the Old Te,- tariii iit (/>;.v ,// tit,- l o,d or Jehovah. 1 lie ..//.! at the l)ei;inniiiu of \,-r. S has lic'u ■' '■'>'! I'V s.aiir to (i- ,1, lli.. ijinini.l lli.i'. Il' u referrrd t.. ( In iniinr,!i;iti- .iMli iMlelit. the -1 nil tier w..:;Iil ni-'ir !■ mil ill this ,!,iy iii-t' ,id "f '/ III- /..'/././,■.». i.v ilnt i^.iiii-! t'!:~, 11 li.,- ''<< !i'rii,ail ih.il, !ii ilii .,■ ..]u 1,1.)^ \rr-i naiii, 1. 1 til.- I...i-.l I. ... .■>:!-- !. n '■■■'< . ■hM.'ii-'y n p. .II. .! V, :!|. ,|, ^l,, ,-,,t, aiiil -. lenm einpluiMs; niure piuhably tlier< - ' t'Te the r. /).' r. h i -, n i,„, ,| n.itnr.illv •I' v CliriM. j 9- ' 'a'li i> -MIT tii.iI ( 'il! ) I i l ..■ ,i .,t Ills eoniinii. wi:i .!•. th:- > • 1 tliian Cliri~iiati>. Iiei-.m-, God is taitlitul. I le i> true 111 I liniMit, t, . II ]. 1 ; , ■. . those whi.ni lie .mIN. It u 1 through Him ye were called. 111-. pmp. , m , .il iut: .vi.ii e iuimt lie IniM ran d ; ami i.l.. .lu nee '' ' ' ill has hrmmht vmi into the fel- lowship of His son. Jesus Christ our Lord: ih.it is. ti^. u;i,,uship ,-si.ih!ished li> .iial eeiit.riii'.^ in linn, si. thai they sliare the lit", uln li I I,- ln, s and the hli s,.n«s wln.h 11, 1..,- p.. , Mired. I hev. in '•'■■■ly nil . « ;ll li,-. lik. I hill, si nis , .|"( „ ,d ■1-'! I;. :i - I'l !ii-.m !■') .^I.Tv III p. Ill, ilii^ •> -i"!!' .lit - ady re.ih/e.l. f..t aie tli.-\ n.'t -iiKfli. .1 .ii„| tiirelud 111 I ,,n,| lis lull iniitii.n Is sure, hecausi. God is faithful. i h - i- .1 triliKr :in.! l.i ;r:!;|''il iiiiri.ihh - ti.ill til e.irne-l u-nls i.| r,pi.„,| \\lut\i arr t.. i..'i.iu. l;et'.,r. d.-.uiui; uijli th.-ir sli..r!...;iiMiL;s, ihr .ip,.-!],. i .ip- 1', , ; 1 y ae- Kn..\\ ;. i|:;r- h.t'i.r,- (,. ,1 ilu- :>Miiy -,tf- .,iii| .ur.ie.-s « hieli the Ci .run li ..n! - < .u , t, . i ' ■ i • , .issiires tlii-in of His powi r to keep tin iii free from ehar^^e on the i;re.it d.i> ot .iuilutneiit. ami re-ts his ei ailideiu c f..r the iiUnn oil till- luU-hty i.f (,,.,! Ills yl.mee -r.. ,-ps a.-r..-s the .\e,irs Imiu the d.iy'when •!ii \ u.ri- e.illrij lo Im- saints to th.il other '1 winn tiiry -li d! sfand nuinipeai hed ■li -I hi iin. '. I li, )■•, .-M this nispiriiiR \ ' • -n "I i!.i pi! .11 d I iinre. he turns aliriiptly to the k-s lutly present. 12 I COKlN'TlllAXS. [C'u. I THE Al'OSTLK-S KEBL KE Ol" Tlli- Sl'IKIT OF EACTIOX (i. lO-iv. 21). 10 Now I bfs.icli ynii, l)r.thrin. by tin- name of r)ur l.ortl Ji-^ii>i Clirist, tliat ye all >p>:ik llie same lliiiiK. aiid th,it llirrr ix- no (livi^inns anvMin \ou ; Imt lluit \r be iKrfc.tly i..nui| ti.K'iluT in llic >:\uu- miiul anil in ilio >anic- jnilKinmt. r it liatli biin iK'i-larcil unto nu- in\ brothnn, by tlicin ii/iii/i an' II i'l (if vein, ,■/ 7/,- Ji. IIS,- "I ( liniion-i anionn y' !_■ Now tllK I ~anli, 1 am ( that there are con- -ay. that cviry one of I'anl , aucl 1 of Apol- The Corinthian Parties (ver. io-i7)- 10. But, brethren, I appeal to you. The toiu- cbanncs: a note oi uarmiiK ami rcpriii'l liryn. to be sinuk. Hiil in in^ Seventy, r.iiil il'" - not l..it;rl t'> be com • tcoiis. ' lliiiiiuli the cliarKe lie i> alp"\it M briiiK a«aiii>t tlie Cornitliians is a siii.'u- one. tin V .ire -nil Ins /'i, ■//;», ». lint lie i- iii ,|. .ic|l\ . ,11111 -1 ; ami lie s,,l(iimly be ^ee^■|u s tiu iii by the n.ime nl llim ill whom thev .ire s.metilie.l, and mln whu^e lilhiW- ^Inp th. A h.ue In 111 e.ill, il — that anKH-t II. mil uiinh he hi- aln.nly reputed ten time . the name of our Lord Jtsus Christ, tlu- iiiie l .ml "1 all \>hn e.ill iipun llini, ami m wh.'in iliey are all one (ver. lo). riiev are imleid one — ideally at least —- but they aet a> if they were a sfonp of IiarlK!., each with its jiarty >entitmiits and party cry: so I'anl exhorts them in the name of lluir eoinmon l.orcl, that ye say the same thing, one and all of you. As it was, they were saying dilYerent tliini;^ ; one was saymt;. " I .im of I'aiil," ;iiiiitlu r, "Ami 1 of am! the miit> th.ii Oiinbl to mark lii. ehiiti h w.is l» ini; im- perilled or tle-tnmil h> the spun nt ^clll>m. 'Ilie posiiue exholt.iti.in to .v.iy tlii- .i.d/.'i' thiiii: 1- < \;ire--e(l iiri;,iti\ely :ii the ne\t ei,i :-e, and that there be no di- visions among you. ii\nf>ia (sdiismi is the XM-rd i;-i 'i m Mark ii .'l V'l' .a rent m a I'leee nl elutli. It is as it the lair n.ir- liu nl iif the vhnr.-h were hi im; u iit m (111 ees. In a (lii iMi.m eliureh tliere i >Mi;!it t,, lie I'll ri Ml . Ml- ii iheie he, it miuh' In be lep.iitiil .iiiil .iiliM-tiil Willi. Mit ihl.iy. Ill the M ill Miri)^7icT^(ioi the nutaplior of the rent 1- kepi lip 1 beseech you that there be nil s. lii -m-. but rather that ye be well adjusted together in a common outlook and a common judgment: literally, in tlu- Siinit- mind niui thr sanic ;H(/«i».iif oi otinion. There should be a iitiity. I'anl tiree!?. amonil the members iif the clmri.h both in general in. nt.i! dis^isitioii, ;ind iii their juilRliieiils ,,t p.irtienlar thini;s: and there will be this unity, if they give Christ. by whose name he beseeches them, bis true place as l.nrd. II. r.iid Is n.>t in.ikinn 1 • eharwe merely ull he.irs.iy ; his smirces el mlnrma li.iii ,ire reii.ihle .and he is not alraid I" nieiiii. Ill them. For with regard to you it has been made plain to me, my brethren, by the representatives of Chloe. .Xi.lice a^am (el. \er. lol. the cuiirlesy and t,ut with whuh he pri-faces hi> formal ch.irvre that there are contentions among you w ith the acknow ledKmcnt that they are his bn-thit-n. I lie loutfiiti.nis explain the ili: isit>ns. Some such vague word as rr/"- it-scnlati'.cs is necessary to translate the xague Greek phrase " thnse of Chl sli,- was siinie iilie wh.i carried weight with the ( irlnllii.-ins, ;is Paul dues not e\i>eet the testini'iii) i>f luT represeiilatiM - l'> he cli.il- lelij-ed. Sh.- aiipe.irs t. ■ h.i\e h> en a wnni.m Icitlier of ('urinlli nr .il h pilu siis. the city in w hich I',; il u 1 1 .te — nn ire pruh.ihly l iihe-_ siis. as C'nriril'iiaii evidenct' on tlu- nf I parties at (.'.irmtli wnnl.l ha\e been upeii p. sM-puuMi. Ill thai ea-e, Ihhie- repre- I s, utai i\ , s, \\h.n \er they were, must ha\e spent siiine time m ( nrinth. 12. Taiil at I'liie pruceeds to make his meamiii; pirlecily cie.ir. What I mean, be s.ivs. is this. Every one of you is takiiiK SI I, s t)iu is saying, I belong to Paul; another, 1 to Apollos; another, I to Peter; another, I to Christ. This partisan spirit in the church niii^t have seemed to r.iul a matter of grave and even vital im- portance, as he imts it in the very fore- front of Ins leltir. M.niy questions c.iiher round ;his famous vei-e. Were there four p.irlies in (".inmli ..r three (i>niittiiiK / of Christ as the nloss of a copyist, or even .111 asiile of I'.i'il himsclfl or uere there unly two— th.it iif I'. lid .md .Xiiollos em- hraenin the tieniiK' riiriM!.ms. tiiu ..i I'eti r and C'hn-I emhracini: the Jew ish Christians? Were these groups parties at Ch. I] I CORINTHIANS. 13 lo'i : .iiiil I of IJ Is Christ divided ? and was I "t llirist. Paul cruci- fied for you? or name of Paul? were ye hapti-.,! in the .ill in the ordinary sense of ilie w.inl? Did lluy differ essentially in (Incirim — that I'anI and Apollos, for example — or u.i, the preference of the nietnlnrs personal rather than doctrinal? \\ l:.fi w.i^ the Christ-party? It would he very natural lor convert, to regard with special affection tli' nian win. had hrouyht to them the knowledge of Chn-t. and tliere ui.idd |„. a tendency to re,t;ard hi- preM iii.n ., ui ol l!ie pel a. exhauMive and e\eliiM\e. Ihi. Ienr. ..f sr>nie, he h.ul over^hadoued t!ie api.^le whose amhition was to present hi- ni. -siije with simplicity r.ntlier than with eh M|ii,iue. ■ '•iiihtle-s the aNera^o (■oriiithi.,!) wi.^Id ha\e heen more impre>Ned hy Ap-llo, tliaii h> I'anl; and whde th(»e who. iiniler (iod, owed their -Old ti> Paul, would he fattlifui '" ' "'i aeeept the uo-pel in th.- form '■' "!ii real and h.idc^ f.itr to he seri..!i>. 'hit rial th!- dilferenee w.i-. it was h-- rache.d than thai h.-lueen e:llier of th.M' p.irtie- ,ind ih, ,,ili,r tw. i'.oi! ant! \poli,is stoo.l toyelher f.T (ieiitiie ( hr:-- liainty : the iian> ..I 1', 1. r ,.r C e|ih..-. a- he i- always ( . \eepi ni ( ,al n 7, i" eaHeil in the r.aiiline , ;i;-iK - I > f I ,,ih ;i <)l - repre>eut< .1 rallirr .hu:~h l iiri.- tiamty: the very word d'/'lhis on Creek hp- sUKUe-l- P;de-tini;iu ormm. I lu- pai!\ pn.hahly adopted a -Irieter attumle to the law. and w<.id(l melnde Jew- and dre.k I'r.-elyle- who had eomieeted theni-ehe- w ilh the ->!ia,«.ii;ue. I he nature of the < hn-t p.irty i- nii.r. ditVicnlt to deleritiiue. I lUK h^ht can he Kaiiied fre.iu j Cot, x. 7. .1- th..-i- there h.ri-i t-. h, "of ciiri-t '■ are ii'.l nee. --.inly ih. - ,11,, a- tli.-e ;d- hiiled t.i her.- The nneii n- ..f thi- parly •ii.iy have heen -..me of tho-e wh.. ha. I -e. n !!',e I...i,i I - I. or it in.iv li.u,. Coll-i-te.| ,,( il„,.,. uh..-,. u,,!.h»..id ua- Baek to I hri-t." h.iek liexond lli- luun.m mmivter- t» the Lord llitn^eif. Hut t,> m.ite thi- a party ery, to lirnn; Him mi.i e..nipetiii.in wuh r.ml, Ap..!l..- an. I 1'. ler, ehiiin f..r a -inL;le m.i ih,' m. ,11, ,|„ il\ . It w. re, of ( hn-t. H.i- !.. h,- i:iiiliv .1 tlie w.ir-t -.-. I o ian;-in i.| !' : n u .1-. ,1 - ,1 (ireek father >aire vittorous .mil .Ir.ini.ilii-. .and tl .ih~, n, .■ . .f u h M"? as iiitrocluces the 11, xt (piestii.u is 110 "'•ji'>-li'.n. (hi:-! hihaiL;.,! to the wh-U' ehiir.-li— _v,- ( ,;'.f. ,,i, _ ||,. u.i- 1 iil; .■!,iin:.-,| h\ .•, -, , ii. ti ..f it. ( Ip It -.■eme.l .1, 1 l' ( III . -t \. , ; , ir.l •'. • ^ i/i,,r,-.f _ the Chri-I a- . \p, ,1 m.!,-. 1 In r.ml di'l' rein ir^iiii ihr ( !,; i,i , -1 ,i, ,1 1^ .\po;i..- I r I'. I. r 1 !;;- ],,i:!...,ii u a"- p. ri!.,i.- in lu.. .hreel!..ii. it .h-tt.iete.l al- lenti.in tr..in I'le eeiiir.i! l.i I- -Ir.'ni Chri-t, lli- work, and m p.iiii.ul.ir lli- cr.'-s, wineh P.aul ininu .h.ii. i\ in. no. .11-; .and hy empha-i/ini; the ehiir. h h , ,h i .. u liM.l- t.i Klorvmg in men, in-l<,iil .■! m the e.i ( \i-r. .511. .\ lliini.; oaild more sfrikiuulj illn-trate the i:in.|iie .lU.I central imp. .rt.iiu'e .att.ieheil hy r.,Ml to the CP'-- ..i ( hn-t th.m the p..-iti,in h.- a-i^;^l- 11 h. r^ I llllue.|l.lle!v .ltI. r 111,- ip.iitioti III ( • , .!:, , the men' ti. n ol h: Was it Paul that was CRUCIFIKD for you?- an. 1 ih. ,;, m -, , limi ( \\ i.'S j; 1 ririi, !i .i, i,,i, d f. .1 .li- •■' Ill tlie f.iei- ill iho e irl!i;> e.,r,. r ,,1 i hn-1. tin- w.i- th.- 'i - t -iKinti.Mnl : ..lid the th-ii^hl i.| it. h.,.1 it 'd ihe p:,i.,- in t!i.' ( m :i:i Ini., mai.! t.i W !ll'-h !! W.,- ellll'le.l. w. h,r.e ,..,„!. n .| ■ill di--. n-i: .:i ,.t ,,ii-,, .:,lv .,,,,1 ,11, It '.v I- 1 ■! .1 111, ir .i. ,1th. hut a de.ith f..r them. II, w ,i, , rneiti. .1 ^.; \ .,n — and Paul reieet, with li..rr..r ih.- ih.iiit;!it that he or .\|i..'h,- ,,r P, t. r ..r .-.nv on.- hut ( liri-t Could h i\e .iii.nni d the '■•!., 'v i!i, tmetioii ,,f "dvim,; i,,r dur -m-.' .,, n put iu x\ ! It i- iii.i, -...^hy lhat P;,,d J;; re -inch - out the er..-- and h.ipti-m as the two tlniii;- that uive Chri-t His exdn-ive .-laiiu t.> the alh-LMaue.' of the (■ .rmtlnau Chri- lians — Hi- Ikuir eru.ihe.l f..r them and 14 I (OKI NT I MANS. [Ch. I I.,-: 1«-i.lrs I know not wlK-thcr ,4 I tb.-ink (■„.,! llMt I iMi't, ,-.■.! n.'iu of VMii. bill i;ri>)>n- aii.l <..iri-; ,5 I..... any .Ih,,,),! ..v thai 1 lu.l l.ap- ^ ^ ti/..l 111 iiinu ...•■u >Mii;. „,i„,l,i ,,f u-! N. U-t the .'n-s ol Clin^t should 1 Stii'li.iii 1 ii.'i ■] ■■■lu r I- l-,,r I hii-t ->iit 1"- ti"t to liaiill/c. lifl 'it vvitli vviMloin l,;„,n-n! int.. ill- °^ ,nto the name of Paul that ye were bap- tized? I ! . ii ii'i' ' ,„ .„i. u.u rnpiuatol 111 the liapilMiial l-r- ,„„;.,• o.>i-..,>!.-iit!> til.- r. .•..mm. on «'"••!« these lea.lers rre^^ue.! ill <--.^ '• ah-nr.l .'ni. .-all.lal. -n - \; ■ ■ ■ l,,nm-r •!.•., an t.a..r.,!a .,| .M..1. ^nwu. K, ^^a. .i..t > . m n- . an.l haptiMn ^Mi- Mni- i,|v into the naim^ ..1 • h' i^'- ■|4-l6. At tlii- I.'. .11! u .■.-.•i-r tl,,,i ,t is a 111. 111. r t.. 1>.- I'.iaiiki 1„ 1,.,-. Ill his iiiiii!-n\ ani..n- tr ..1 hini-.:i' ... -tnelh \- \i.!iiK-.,ii-ii 1-r llieir_ 1'. :i iMi ly .1.;. r V aiii-h. t.i 'a'll that tlulll. ' Hi-.;. .1 1 all.! i!u- -ar.l I am tlnnkful he sa v > " . - .me M SS. ;uUl to God I t tat not one of you d.d I bapt./e except Crispus. 1..1I1U1- ir.hr ..f the ^yiiaKognc ( \>i. Nvm. .Si, and Gams ' p... .ah.y a ru-l, iM,,hi.aii. t.r «h..iu the h......rah e .hiiy V,, .m. .-.anr,nu the ^..ests ... the ( hm.!. v^as .,--i.^iie,l .l<...n. NM. -.V (Kaiii-ay in I ,/•....//. -r. l^. hv. i'^"'. p. "".'• ^ " !■• _-"i.sI .mv "He s!„„ll,l s.iy. ,!.• -l- ...,s as if I'aiil lia.l .Mih-raiel) re t r,..; a.l in.ui 't.mi,. his ,„, ..,-. ihi- -•"--■ - b.s nuaimiu h. 1- ill - ly '■M'l' --;^ - uratn.i.h at th. r...M.hra-.- nub o.iisei..nsly V< hlm-elt. he .i..\\ s. i-s lia\. lua-i. watelmij; ..\.r h.s n;mi-ny. U-^yu^ ;„„, ,.an ahn..st mvariabV- n,a . tp.iii bap- „,.^ b.s e....v. 11-. that none ..1 ^ ■ •. •ibU t.. say that it was into my name that you were baptized 1 ..r. i - 1 I lun as an ?llertho..ub; p.iliai s -.u«. le.l by Me- j,., •,• , N , • ii. 171 ■ ■ 111- vemem- 1 , '"'l also bapti/cd the household of Stephanas: if there be any othe| beside ' : , ! , til, re arc none — I do not remember them. . I I;,, u'h.ile ...lie ■ 1 th.^ releretiee- t.. bapii-m sh..us Ibal, lh...ii;h I'.ml riu/^.~ tl,'. rr.e as ..l i;ie,it i.iip. .rtaiiee t v .•r. 1 w lu ,l,..s not lav a.iy Mres, .11.0... lus l-:";^^;;;''^';^ „,,„,n.s,rat..m of .1 For it was not to baptize that Christ sent me. but to tell the good news. The ^^uras a-arnv., of ver I. This then was the ..bject ..t h.s calhnu to the ai...stl. shM. - .i-i i" •»'iiii" ister sacraments, but to preach. Here I'at.l P i;.,,!... s.ibtK an.l alm-sl ii.s. ..sibly .n... his :;e.'...d' eharue .-.ua-.-st the t..rn,th.a., I br.r.h-tlun- I..^e ... rlufru^a an.l pln- l..s,|,lueal .iispl.u. wliieh t.H'K.l t;' l"akt ,l„,ii nnsnii.l. r-.an.l ..r .lepr.a.ate the lUe,- .,.-e..t i:-,e e,..-s, Ih-ni.-sa^e I, , p_rc'..ell, .,.,1 Ih.- pre.i. hmu ha. t.. be not in Wlsdom of word. l'...'...ibly .•.(.../..,() here refers as ,„ '.ii t.. the l.'r.n as p. the Mib-l nu,' .•! f.c preseiilatinii: 111 .nlier case he pil^ In. r,„^,r np...i one .>f the weak spots 1.1 the (na.k nature. In preaehmv:, he ma.le n-i ^.Il.,rt P. be a ilr; .r sf'il.-'->: as we m.ijbt l,.,.„|.lirase the w..r.ls— be was U"Mnnol. ... lar.iest. an.l ba.l f'- s.^hnm a th. ii.e in the er..ss f..r ih.n ; n..r .IM he make any au.^nmt P- /-/ii/.-.w./-'''- - '"■ ... -te.t bv the (Ireek u.-lN. hi^ piamne-s ■ ,f s|H-.'eh anpears c\.n n. haw aneiiate.l some ,.f tlie esl.e.t.mt C.Tintlnans , l..r X 1,11 ■ ami pr..b.ib!v in -.his repn.li..n..n ..t the w:sar,ii ,•/ u.'m/. lia u- l a latent cr.t- K-isni ... the 1.1. als ..1 ila Ap..ii..s party. \\\- h i^e alr. a.lv s^cii iv. r. I.', I ll.jw ,->,„raI .iie e... s nm-, h.,.e be.n m the I pr.-aebinv. of i'ai'l lu u- ■'>iam. and qmto 1 ;„,„!.,„aiS. ;! ....mK plain that P.r h..n i ,I„. ^-.nee ..I lia ^'-pel >s the st.iry ot ! iP,. ^p,-, l..r tlie reas.m he ass.ii.is tor ;^. ,;.nu tile wis.U.m ..f ^^"1'';;.. Jil^ ,„,,,>ln is lest the cross of Christ be i deprived of its effect - literally, en ■-t.e.l. ,U,,1,,,,1. hU- a ve-srl. ..f .Is .-..1,1.1:1 llie •■ cl.-ur ..r Mibtle s,,caUin'J. umeh is al- uass .Ui.i..r.ible in a p.. ... he., b. ...nas a s,,rt ..t bl.isplu'.nv. when his theme is the i-r,.ss ■ it .h-traels the atle.iti.... tr..in th.' yreat faet an.l ilepri\es tlie m.-s.,^c ... its I r,.,w. r ..\.r the- b. int, it is :il-.. w.^'hy ... ' .', ii. -l I'anl s,„ aks lu re .1..! .'t the er.iss ,,M.-:is. l.nt .'1 ( ' 111'- ern.-:lu.l '■ lu- Is the" .Ml ss, all. -ihe 1 n :in.l . x:il:. .! l."ra. I TlK' phrase llu- . C hn.t u t.-sene, ■ 1. ,r tlu- einpi.at.e plaee at the e...l - t:iat_ ,1,,,.. be no eniptyinn of the cross ol ■ e ill isi."" I he tensi..ii un.Kr wliicli I'anl writes is -l,.,ui, bv iW r.mi'lity with which he ,,l,„,^^.s ,m.. th. .b-.'i.ssi.m ot tlie parties ,„ ,lu' l.'..rimln.ni elmrch, .ind by tlie di- rr.tiu-- an.l impetn..sity of the discussion \\c ire nut I.' suppose that the unity 01 mm I'll. I] I COHIXTIIIANS. 15 uS l'"i.r Ihc iin-ai-liiiiK ..r ilic cr..>- vi |..r it i, «ri''.:i. 1 will .I.mu'x ihc In tlicin tlijit [xrisli. |.i..lis|iiu— . ; l)iit mil." I ui-.!.mi ..f ili,' ui-,. ,in.l uiil l.iiiii: i.. ir> wliioll arc >:i\i-il. it llic jluviT cf (".ixl. In.iiliiiiK llii- i!r..l, r-: Tr.hiiu i.| tl;r pn .l, ;'!. 1. . I t I - , ! ! 1 -■ i .1- MI II U ,1^ l'< i :li<. il, llioii.uli yiMU ly iiii|it ri:!k I'.iil it u.i~ -nil |M.--ili!c (.■r " llu- whnii' i-liurrli" t.i i.'iiu- li-m'ilur i\u. j.i'. -II lli.il. Ill .1 1..1I -^n-r. lh..!'uli "111- pan\ il 1:111- 1.. !. -l>wilk-,illv Cliii-i'- i\rr, I I . ti;(\ ai( ,ill Christ's (u\. jj). Still thi> ^■lllllll,l^l^ iipnii luiuiali lfa(lcr!.ln|(, U|miii mhiu- . ;iu ami 111 tlivuhial intiTiirctatUMi I'f tin- k"-|u1. |n imt a Mri(iu> iiuiiaco tn tin' niiuy ot llir oliur>'li of tlu' Lliri>t. ] )i)iililK --i liiuiaih all ci- cli~ia-tical, lii>t<)rii:al ami dui-Iriual ilillrr- ciiii>, iIrto is a rial unit) ; Imi «Mn ilial is iiiipiTilkil wlu-ii tlit-c liirurtii.i'^ arc accriitiiattil. Si 1 li'iii; a- iiu arc i^^vmuil |i> llic I'r.ili-lant in;]'';'..,- lo think uiili ("ura.uc ami !iuli ]icmK ncc, ilicy nitvii ililliT. c-iiicia!'y where the cvi.l.iuc nil ai^rc. ai:il l apalilc nl iiia'Mi'i I'.l iii;tr|n ' tati.'ii : but the n. " 1 am i.| l.ii- tlier." "I am o. Z\vin-h " — eric^ like these inarl\ ic parilicil the anuy i.t the Kelnriiia- ii"ii: ami In-ilay — tliuUKh this K-^s ami le-- ilie ea-c -the liaiiies ol C'lMii and \\e-ii\ th\ uk larye hraiii'ie^ ni ihi Clin-- liaii church. There i^ im im.re imp' rtaiit K--.IH I'l'i : niiiileni church, cmim; 'nli.l with the >li.|ieml..ii^ prnhieiii ni tiie c\an V.:- '!/ali..ii whii>e name they were bapli/eil. 'Iiu- l-.-ily iiiiil III,' ll'iMl.'in of tit,- C'r,■.^.v (i. lS-.'5i. 18. 'Ihc a- we ha\e -, , v. ; - emtr i! I.i tin pn aclnni; nl I'aii! II teal - ami -hulls siilith- ih-ciuii-f, "wi-ii'aii nf W^-:!," hfcar,..- ..t it- n.vw,T •■• the ciM-s ( ver. \, \ pi ihe ;;re,-'.l 11;, 1 !"n:y ..f thc,. th.'-c wh.. ale de-liiieil to peri-h; ' . '1 i 1 allu I I - that til' '-c w li" ri 1. 1 1 that -! '!> a- -\:\\. ,Ji,- /-.I ; ■/!.; m \ii|'l'- I iietr T' !e. 1 i .11. aii.l w ' '1 .lit uiie 1. 1 p.-i : h s. > l"ii'^ a- : licy ii i. ci it I h, 1 . mi| t ■ .It strm-ti..ii is In cniiiit the s.,,,^ ,,| ( hri l's cross a fn.ih-h one: hut lluic ap .'the is to whniu It proves itscli imtlimj; h-- ihaii i; ilnnw /• ■;c. <. To those who are being saved — and such are we — it is the power of God. Ilure is ,1 tiiu l.alame .ihnul this -( iileuct I Toit fiif . , , rois ■5' I : we m:iy diaw tine shades of distitiolinn helw.cii 111. n, hat iiilun.ili I) and c - rntialiy iluie ate ..n:\ iw.i ct.i--e-. and tliese arc deiennin, d \ \ ih, ir attitude In L hrist ami Ills crn.s — til, .-c/.',i tiir hriiii; li'St. tlmsc t!i:ilk the -t-.I\ silly. ,|||d //(■,(,■ <.!:<••!. lii..-e wli.. tiiid tiM! il p' .k- t.' t!'. Ill wi'h di\uie p.. wet. I'aul I -peak- |..r Ihis Kr.'up nut nl the depth- nl ..u I \].. I i. ii.-- w a:, h h.- ki,. .A . lhr\ -hare I ■' !;• I!. -. u ])■ . ■ h- i;.; -a; e.l. e\. ll |.. 11-:" -rois !)t c.u v.KK I 111? ?;..n I 1!,,. ii.ilai .d ciitt i-t t.. ;'ii..;i-hiit u .'i'.! h.. , i.,/ ')/, ( I'f. \ . i , -'.s 1 I 'aul. li. 'u > \ . I . di ;ih. : ali iv llsi's /■.;,,■! li, |-r t.. -::.a-;. -I 'I ,1 ihr -'..r\ h.is \nidiiatid it-cif as a iiii^>lit.\. saving fact. I his IS the pr.iclicil pin-.i nf u, w i-doiii. 19. I here is iinthtii..; iiiiitsual aliniit this i-siie nf w..'ld!y wi-dmii in d. -tructi. u II is put i t the diviile i;n\ eriiifteiil i! tac wnrhl aiijl I- atii--l, i| hy l!;. II '.tiw Sci :p- i tt. -. For it Stands in Sc ripture t pert I' ' ' ' : "I will cause the wisdom of the wise to perish . : . \. th. , . h,. ni amiXw ,,i an-iiWi a.n.is , and tlie discernment of the discerni^^; I will reduce to nothinK — III till- 111 ■.:!ii,,l |. i--a..'e the |a-t wi.r.l i- / .\ .'/.' /(;..',■ ( I -.,mIi \m\. hi. ii.i, appi al In the ( iM I I -latm nt 1- \ 1 ry ch.ir.u leri-tic . 'a:- -. . ■ i 11 -I t ' , . h. , 'I .1 I,,. . I a- thr f. ^■ . ■ , ■. I 1,, ,, ,,■ 1 ,,rd III M .!. N\. Ill till- . ! .• 'I ll pa--., I."-, the ri-liTi ii, e 1- |.. ih. p at: . a. nf - h>' which the Jiw- hnpeil t,, -aw t'a iii-eU e's I frniii the As-y ri.llls. I he ,\"cw- Te-t.inu iit : u : Iter . a- a r::K . .-.ir. f. n 1:., , ,. ...j ' iti.il I'l iiiteM. and t!i, \ .!...'\ ih. ; . they f|iiote more generally, or refer tlieiil Ilk -ely to tile sinuitioii 111 their own day. I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. I jf) WluTi- IS till' ? will re IX llu; |,;,th 11, ,t (,...1 in.l.lc n.oll-ll tlK- WImImUI sa\c thiiii that iH-lievc. jj For tlic Jews reijiiirf a siK'n, and the (Irofks sfik aftrr wiMlutn: But wi' priaili l'liri>t iriu ilu.l, unto the" Iivvs a stmnhlingblock, and uiitu the (;ric"ks foolishness; ao, Worliily u -.' .'M. uliMliM- ..t t'lc I l.'W, or ( .ri i U-. :■ . : ! 'u!i. i, . ■ r t ' il, -i; ii> ti. ill. I ■ where is \ nr philoso- pher? where is . sciilie? where is \ .111 worldly controversialist? iliui,ill>. .;./;,•,,• i» //:, ■/ ifuli-r .'I «/f;.< ./>•<• •' • 1 1 <■■•'• ,iv;.iiii ui Im a 1 1 !ii;ir.-i ' luc ol U.ii.Ji MA, II I. a..'l ss\!;i S"MK' ri-^:ai:o-. , , I 1 t did God 11(1 turn the wis- dom of the world into folly? Jr\\ and (,rt,lv alikr iailid lo nndri-i..;id aii.l ..\'- pi.-.i.it- ihf nio-i -fi]M-iido;i>. il iii> Ml r;o;i-. I,,, ! , ,1 i:i-i. rv l';. i-io-, ,,i ( in i .1 ; tin ri - iorr till \ :ii,d lla ir -\ n n:-. -1 i loii \ U t, d ol f . I h. ! M O .,' u :-dolll o| ,'//,• i::t 'a'('"'is. ll.al 1-, till" liuitriud ' \\,,i;,i. -r.h ,\ ,i/.y wi-doin wa> ini-oiii- ; |„ 1 i i,, ii'ii't t,!i- Unai u-tI,!. 1 2\. oince then, in the wisdom of | God, 'lie world, by it- wisdom, had at- | tained no ri al knowledge of God: ' not i|inl.' ci-rtain uliat i- nr.uu ti> o' tht \isii.'iii rj (I'.'i/ — whitiii-r that t'n- ^ iiu-oiniiol riu'i- oii n.o i-ai I . 1 till- 'Aoi i.i ' 1- pari ol' r. ,. r, /(/.■ / 1 ov iImI !■■> till' wi-doiii oi t, .1 I- nuaM llio r' v . '.ii; ■! Ill till pvi- e lni-:ian world. |o tin J. u- ni St-riptiiri-. lo llu- (ill ■ •- in naiiin . tiu' t'oniar iiilr! |.ia ^l^ion -.■in- tin iiioir n ii inal. r.'ii ..;».. Ill .-.til. r .. •••• '/ it'-l. ■ • li ■.. He graciously determined, by means ot this foolish message --i •■-o-- " t-\ tin- 1 •oh-h;:.-- "I \'..>- m- -au.; ' to save those who believed n Willi nuicll i-lliplia-is roi't irum oi ra? rr-i r\ril to the end: it is those uho bdicic W who ,irr -a\rd. tlio-i- wllo CMint it -illv only -la I I . d 111 iK ri-llillU. 22, 23. I lir Jews .-md the Greeks rep- ri .11 ilie two ureal ontstandinR attitudes to ihe iirotilem of life: together, in a sense, iIk v exhaust the zeorlil (ver. >M i which, by it- wi-doni, failed to find ("md. Hence Paul here .Iiviiles the world into tl'i -, two «n lit ClIcKories, and -ii.u^i-l- ^^l^'> liny \Miit a-trav in their s. arch : Jews demand signs and Greeks are in search of wisdom. Ill botl ( 'lai , . . hail ihe |il.iiii nie--ai;e of till cro-- 1- nn. oii\ Ml my, .\s in the tniii- of |i-n-. llir Ji vN- diiiKindid .a -iu" (.\I.it. \vi. I. .M.irkMii. 11 i i: llun tliev nimlit li.liixf lliiy wiri- iniAini: in llie ri:.;ion oi cMirnal-; a -innti:..' iiii---.im' nri d- 110 I \trni.d a:illii ntu- itioii, I lie (iiiik-, oil ilie iitli.r !:,niil. urrr aiinn.iiiil hy .1 ]ili!lo-oiilni:d -ii'ial. and tin- almie Would lUMT li-;id to till i-ro--. But in , ,,n|- .da lioii to llu- ji-w-. Willi their ex- , . , ; ,1 t';, ( iiV. ^- w illi tlu-ir phi- lo 01 : WE preach Christ as crucified.' ■| liouii'li l':nil -iK.ik- ill the context ol his null ini--ion ( i. 171 and inetlio.l i ii. jl no tloiiht by :i <' here ho nu :ins to iiiohide oth- ers be-idi--; linn-ilf: he w.i- not alone — pioli.dilv \poll.i- and other- w 1 re with hini -in prin'K-iiiniiii; Cliri-t a- irncitiid. We Iireach i'hiist: how pi-r-on.il tin- -oinid- :is a'.;:iili-t the :ib-tr:iction- of t Iri-i k pliilo-i.pliy ! It 1- not a -y-teni. but a mail, who li:i- to be |,-,-,iiird li'\ tile pri-:irlu-r. And tli:it in:in , I t'lTTai pa'^i 1-1)1-. juri part.; the ■ , , .,, 11' 11'. : .1 ■ I'- 'A' nl l.i. r. I but an eti-rii;il tact, at any rate a t,,, t oi 1 ti rr d i'on-i-i|i:i iii'i - ' . Mn )//i 1/ 1;, ■,.,<■„-// ' line w I. ■■•!• n- <•. an o>V, iK-i t.. b- ill llu- 1'. - ' • ■■ ■ ' u,,t;d (uii- . "I I to Jews a stum- bhng block, to Gentiles folly, ll. r. I'ml -mki - ;il till- root ol tile m.iHi r. .\d ear- lu -t rili,L;ioiis men were loliijin;.;, more or . l lu er:iinm.ir uf ::. i-* ;i la'I' -l-ti-.ilt. I'. i .i.'v or. .-,1 1- 11. t 1.1 l-i- rii-'iT'li'l .1- '111- |.-11UI|mI i1,;M-i. .! iitliill M f. .- 1- til.- -Illicit- : ■' r-:- - ■■. ■■ ■ .: -Ji;!!. . I-' ■ ■ . M, )i,,»li lliii-l", nr llu f.irnrr f:ii-t i- tint |>„- M.1--I1 I..' I'. ml'- ii I 1,'i I"- n.i.-« Put I .,%<„ r n .-. I .,tf l i I .' 1 iki n .1- .ids: iiiyittu ; .i: --."-mc.. tli.it I-. llu K«s a-l» a -ign . . . Jihi/t- v>c preach Christ." Ch. I] I CORINTHIANS. 17 J4 iiiit unto tlitin whidi arc i-.illtil, Imth Jrw'' .iilcl (inck-. C'liri~! tlio power of GimI. ami the wiMloiii i.f (iiul -'5 lUraiis,- ill,. Ii-hiio.s of liod i« "Ai-cr than nun 1 ilu- weakness of • loil K -troiiniT ilian imn. li-^^ i-iiti>i-iim^ly, for ^aUatii'ii. but lli.ii iii.it shoulil I'Minr lliroiiyli .i iriiril'ml ni.iii u,i> liiiTuhliU'. riihnil.Mi-. t.' ji\N and drnk a'iki'. "Ill' that Ii.iiiliiiI in aiciir..ril ot dod," -aid till- Ji \'. i|), iit. \\i j^i: |,, - ~idi >. ilu- .\l<~-i.ih Im I . .nil- III !c.m! ^;iKiid"r and a- ruiHiiicn ir. I.iiilr won- di r liiat a I'lii il'ud .\li --iah wa~ a itiim- /Vui- 1.' Ihr J. u s. I .' Ihr (,. i, /;/,■.< — tlif (Irri'k- and the Ivinians — siuli a K>'-|iil wa- <(|iial /. //v. thr hormr wnli uhu'h the k.iinan^ iii^ardid the ol t iceni: " .\\v:iy with llie very name oi enw-;, not only from the bodies of eiti7en~ ot koine, hut even from their tlunights, their eye-;, their ears." 24, 25. r, , the world at larye, tli'- ero>< iini;hl he .1 vinnihliny Woek and a f..l!\ ■ but to those that are actually called (literally. tli,- ;/i,//i.v, /; ,-,v ) and thi -e enilT h rd both Jews and Greeks — i!:;- iriu iti .l Christ 1- divine power and divine wisdom nu-.irnaie. Winn ir'il\ 1111 d< r-l 1, lie c.in llH. t 1m. ih tile Jrwidl lU ni.iiMl tor a -i-n. .,nd the 1 .rn k d. iii.ind I' l' \W-d.iin. I |.,.n 111. Cl"--. lie 1- t!;r enihM.hnH 111 ;,| ,,ikt ,,|' the iir^ht .ind ihi- ui~il..in ,.f i;i.il, I lu re i> -..nu thiiii^ \ei\ inipri--ne in th<- iliMlnnie niKtili.Mi ..f Oeor I ( ,. .d I hit'Te Hi t'duir (pdUlT) and cTO'.'i'w lui-iKinii. .iiiil in the -i rrly Ii.il.m. r 'I' the ne\t ~tnt>lne. liu Hi, punt I' pi' titi..n of •••or: I ( iod ) in tin -e v. i M- i, d< -iuned to viii;i;,-vt that ue are h. n- dr.d- iiiij with the in-enit.ihle things (,,,,/. For this weak and foolish policy, .1- n ir iv s, , in, I.f s.ihalioii hv the eio.-. ,n..|e t!i,;i TO tiwpbv and tA dathiftt are concrete), ' seeing that it is divine — it i^ („ ,.• ." j (nviee over* — is wiser and' stronger than men, ami all that tliey can d. . . .r de\ i^e. -t lie tills p.iss,i.,;e jirf affinpt li,ini; in,i his till h,. has t.ani.i ,1 pl.u-,- |,,r 1.1 his iiiind. I'aiil liiiii„li, wilh his ■i>'i|e .111. I iii.is,|ve inteilnt. sliai,i| .iiid '"liid 11.4 hii slian tills iiiipnl^,-. s.. t.ir ]■ h.- to. in .1.-1.1-111- plii!,.s,,p|iy til, It he iiiiiisilf 1,1 . til. I epi-tle-. .111.1 .\,ai in p. ills "' 'his ..II.'. ilir..\\- ,.111 sui;-. sti,,ii, aii.i ni.ii,. ih.iii -!ii;i:. -li,,n, t.'W.il.I- ,1 lli...^ lo.yie.d sysiiiii. h would he to., iniuh to ■ay tl'.it he ,ietnail> e.ai n ii ts a s, h, m, ; hilt the niipiiis,. 1- ,du.i>s III,,,. ,111.1 ue ..Iteii meet with 111. .re ..'r 1. s- liml,;^ ,|, - w 'liped theoli.yu-.il ari.;niiieiii - ( , 1/ w. Kom • ( ial. III. f. ). What I'aiil is here rehiikiim .ni.l li.iicnl- niK is the snpirtieiai ao'.'iia. ,,i |||,. i .Tm- thi.tiis. Their l liristi.in , \pei a, n,-,- ;,s yet very slender. I lu re is leaLnisv .md strife .imoiit. them ( i. in and tluy'"are ' e.irii.i! •■ ( iii. yu. y ^ . 1 .'• i.iilv •• h.d.. - 111 ( hrist ■■ tiii, I 1 who h.id to I.',- I.'.l with in.ik. n..t uilh ii-. . ■• t..r y>' \\ire not ahl. to ln.ir it - 1: • .-ii '' " < 111. -'I. I h, tii."!o..;y tli.it ' -i s .'HI ..| sihdi a feliL:!..i!s , \p,'ri.'n.a. is n.'t hki ;> I.. |.r ;i \rr\ pr. .f. .iiii.l 011, • \,! llie ( ..nn'iii.iii . u.ia- n..i\lis|in.--," ili.-n- i- a .Tr;.,:!! ni.-. i, Im- I'ldi'y. l'':-.« Ill-re in tills epi-lU , n,il.il.ly ■ 1 i\ in, Tatil gives to his words an ironi- e.d point. Ki.iilaiL; hetweeii tlii Ini. s we K' t .'i '-:'iiiipse. Ill this si-,-ti,.,i, 1,11,, ,1,,. liitiu-iiltii s under which Paul w..rk.d. i ii. .1. \\,is t.> him the ere of his nu'ssa..;e ; hat it u.is nitimtely hird to find a pl.ir.; f^. it either in the Creek or the Jewish miiid. riurc w ;is p., r.'oin l-T It either in Jewish hop, s .'V 111 'ir. l k plnlos,.,,|]y ; \,.t It «;,S OIllv tlir..iii.;li helief m tin, "foolish mess;,i;e tii.it men eoiihl he sa\,ii (ver. Jl I. Otten and loni; imist l',-|iil have ar::iii-d f..r tlu' . I..SS ,iv;.iiii-t Ji'wisli ol)s|iiiac\ .I'l.l < ir. I'k i-..iiceit — sdiiu-titn,..,, nils'-.- I i - -,,11;,.- tniH-s with "cci s.,. f,,r .la — j •■h---.- ih.it were caileii ,.erc both jew-, and Greeks" ( \er. J4). I roHINTIflAXS. [Vn, I -I' til, . tli:il „■//.,/ \ 1' \ ( Mir 111. my ui~ iii.iin iiiit;lii>, iiImii;. Iiritliiiii. nil 11 .illii llu- Ml main iii'lili. iIhiil:- "I ll;.- v ,'iM ;iu- iliinllly ; ,1 I:,, ill ill"-. 11 ill. «.mM t>' I "iitoiiiiil llu- \vi-' ; liiiMii till' v\i:ik tliiiii;^ niifiiiiiKl tlif lliin«» whii-li Till- A'riili.H/j; 26. .1.1- , !l!ii-lr:.!r ..,..1, I'ril s.ll.ll ri'iiiiii iiipifi .S Anil li;iso tilings nf the worKl. and I'linys uliK-li arc ili^iii-fd. bath <;hiinl(l nlory in hw |in-inci'. .ill lint I'f liiin .iri.' yc in Cliri-i |. - wliii of (i<'■, ?o I .till ii:rl!ii r tlir iMtiiri- I till-- .ilirii|ili\ I" lii~ v\li..m. w'l^i 1 .iriir^t i-oiirti--> . In- - a - brethren, .nul hy a ^kiiliil im- il — look at YOUR calling ~ lu S iluni of till' lowly plaiv lliiy oi- for the iiio--t |i.iri, ni ('orinlliiaii -.nutv. ami of llu- «^mii1mI MHipluUy of a «o-l'i'l vvlm-Ii i-oiiM apiuMl t", ami uiii. ftiuh nun Not many m m h are philos- ophers (littTal!>, WIS,- tu\ .'idiiii; lo tlu- H.sli. tli.it 1-. 1:1 ri« u ■■M ~ -I iiM- 1, nor are there many influential people among you, nor many well born. I In -n i' 1 i > j, ,;iii:t:,Ml il-'nr ('». V')"')!""' ( VMTr calli-ili, or peril. i].^ tnoi\- in .iiiti dly «<"•' ( vc arc), II, ,- !■! l.c Mii.p!:. .1 I In . .;/.'">: 1- oi conr-f to llh ^lri-!iaii lili- (>l. i -' ' • r.uil il- -I'l' il-'^'i'-; "' < "riiilln.iii fliiircli (V 'lc- i-.rl:!!).; ». I"'t tlu' run. irk wmilil no iloulit Ik .ipiilu'.iMi t" tlir early C'lin-n.in iliiuali ueiu'.illy ll 1- not 1111- plii,!. li..ui\rr. lli.il tliat rlnirrh w.i- eom- )i,.->;. Some idea of the eom- ))o>ilMMi of tlie cbiireh may be intern d from the proper natnev tliat oreur m the epistle; for e\aiiip'e, I-"' im.ini-. Aeli.iu'"-. (i.-lliis. nanu~ ulliell "piob.ilil) ridaMIe frei dnun." I lure Would in .li! likeiih'U'd lie in.iiiy freedmen ami >ome -Li\i~. Iliir a^.iin. a-- m ver. _M. it 1^ wiirili ulii'i i" note the rhythmie repetition t'J.'/ iiiiiny > three time^,' a leatiire -tdl niore markul in the threefold repetition in the lu \t MV-i-. ami wliuli in\e-l^ tile -late III, 111- u !! !. .1 erri 1111 -1 .Iriniiily. ,g. V,.t ..! t' Ill b-.|| jlt.iee ^ver'e ■ on the contrary, it was the world's foolish thiiit;s that God selected, when lie ebo-e \on. ai-d the rt.i-oi ••! I li- eli..i.. v\ 1- that He might shame the f.,, e.d'.d wise men. and it was the world's feeble things that God selected, that He might shame the strong things, and it was the things of the world that were low and of no account that God selected, the things that were as good as non- existent I not TO ovK oi'Ta : they did aelnally e\iit, lint they Wi ll .1- :l 111' > (lid IH'I e\i»l. li.nee rd /jij'dirai that he might bring down the things that exist to nothing. Here are three very delibi r iti vtati im ni-. wineh .ava-'iral' ly eorii -poiid to thr three lyiH'> ;l ii'li'l I" 111 M l JO - llie wi^e. the liowerfiil, ami llir liielib"rii I be impri^- si\e repitilii'ii of the wor(K (/ii(/ i7m.Vi' !■• ui il eal.-d.iud 'o e.iU ,ill. iilioii to the p.,i.id'.\ ol llie diMIie llletliMil dod'- wa\- .iie 11'. t 1 iir uav- till dr, Mu -tami.ird- and initlH.iN are llu .iiHipodc- ol the liiini.in. ll 1^ ilie lo,.!i-h. the Icd.lr, the ob-eure. tb.il .ire llie lie. iili.il nbnil- of the dlMIle , !,.,u-i-, 'i be .u iili r fi.nii of ilii adjeetive- ( ru nu'pii, rii daKtiii, rie I K'ves an impcr- >Miial turn to the whole --eiuenee, which tbii^ bieoiiies a statement of tiie ({ciicral pnnciiiles di the uliu-li -eiin 111 b.ixe s.t:iiulnii,' that we have, there- Vn. I] 1 COHINTIIIAXS. riyliii ■ ■n^iii ^ «li iiijilimi : ^;llU■tlt'K■.■l!l'>n, .iiiil ri- ll. it, .'u'l-. 'nliiiy 1 .'■ * " I lli.it L:liirU'tli, li t liiiii i;l il ■rv 1^ wriiiiii, lie III t\W \j'Tll. I'lin-. \M- nwc ti" 1 1 nil. iii't lit anything tli.it \M . Ml iiiir-i iMs, an- it Ii.im- or kii.rvv. ..ii.l till- "nl\ «taii(litin wim-h liir • " I'-IMii iilj c.ili - i- ill, It \\iiuli l;r i 111 I ';ii-i L'cii-i c|:u iit!> you owe it to Him 1 I, - r.iiii t.> the (. • ni I i iii-, that you are in ntii.>n wnii Christ Jesus, it 1- al-i !!• - it'U l-i Ir.m-l.iti I)-' III |li,ii llitt I inn yr \<. arc ili- liu- fiiiili'M, ul iliclly tlu' <>i y-'iir /'t'.ii,,. i liiMn n — 111 (."lin-i luil tliri'U- It-, ^!lr-- npi ,iiic||y ii|i'iii tlu' wi'rk (iml, tii.iki - tlu- I'uriiitr ir.iii-lalioti tin- ninr,' |iro!..il,:, it is trotn God, i.e. by His oriKiiiation, lli,it y,,i, ( iV«««, ciliplialic, ilic oli-i uri- Lonii- llnaii* I id Christ. XoiIuiik hut tlic power and llie Kt«)iliie>s of (iod could have liroii^lit siicli ,i-4 llu y into tli.it l)les>e(l eoiii- liiuiiion. niilieil! for wii.it li.ive \vr tint in iliiii- I .T He, by the k^.^'iohs purpose of God, dn-i OtoO, from (iod a^ •••'«!n t became .or 7>.-as made) Wisdom to us. in ,1 few trenciiaiit words, I'anl is about I' Kiinv; ilu- iii-ii--;i.n li. a il '^t-. 1 in. cTo.'.iii (wi-dMini wliirli In lia> lu i ii -( nitil I" (-'lin-ti.ii,^ iiiiii i.iii_\ III li'it IIS. 17""' i (iytpriVri aor. ) of 1. iiri-i Ji^ii-. ill llnii I, 111 lu ri.i'l ilir iiiiinl .iilil the piirp. Hi 1 I !,i- :-ii. nil uliuli IS nu'.irnatc in I liri-t, ni.iiiiir^l> il-ilf cspeeially in two w.iys. as Justifica- tion-and-Sanctification, uliuli. d iniuitid liy Tf kai, ( hotli-aiid I are to be eoii-iiim d 111 close coiiibni.ii ion, and aKn CHinpUic Redemption, i lie>e iliree snb>;aiiii\es are ■ lntliT taken .as expl.'fiiatory of ao'.'na tliaii : lis co-ordinate with it. TlirouKh Christ, who ; is tile I mill iiliineiit of (iiid's wise purpose,! cmiu - 1)11, iiii.Ti 1 t; ^vliicli bleiiiK '.he nieaiiitii^s ' i le iiio^t I ti TO ) s] -'11 .iiid de.i'll .iiiil f'-.rv. If.n. ri.r!-! s!,,! ...k. i.f.;,... i'li -f ihiui:- t . 11- ■ lie iiii- ,11! 1 (ut i-id-ni'D ) . .-inil they arc onrs in llmi. 3t. ( »f mir^ihe-, tlien. wr .irr ii. .t liiiij;. \\ li.it we li.nr iiitr ,i.-i|'i!tt,i!. H'lr li'.Iini iMir II iliiiipi ii ,11 wc li.i\r ,,n!\ Ml C'lri^t, and tlii> standing; in liim we owe to (iod \is, en rol I I Ii,n!>, iliiti. tliiTe Is no riHini ii'f 1)1 ■.i~;ini: , .nul tlu- Im.il pnipi.^e of (ind ,1 lirin«in« ii~ in;. till- liii -M il .iiid Iriiit ■ that, as it stands in Scripture !, . ; . he who glories should Klory in the Lord. I lu er.mini ir 1^ -iiiiiew li.it irreyuKir , ,i» i>'i« c.iiinot gi> iliri i l!) \m;!i ili, imp, i ,ii m. . wc ni.i\ .i- -■iiiie .111 cllip-r: t'.i tt {It ii!-!:l nr, ,'/ii,- I ■ ,'',^v^), ,j, S,iiriii>r /'m > ;/. " / .( Inn I'''" 'il. ..:l ''y :n / -r,/ ' , |,, l..\\, ,1- 111 till- llrlmw 1.1 JiT l\ J|, •'' '■"I '•'y. Ill till-, til, It . 1 ' Il 1^ dilti cult 111 di tcriiiiiie prici-e!> lu re wluilu r li> till' I. Hill r,iiil nil'. Ill- ( liri-i iir (iml I hr wiird Is ei|ii,i!ly ,ipplic,ilile in Imtli, ,inil Hilly the context cm decide, I lie iiniin diate coiite.M, howfver, has nuen iin.it priiinineiice to both. On the one liaiiil, it Is (ind who chooses men, and " it is ,i( Him th.it \e are in C hrist ;" ..ii tlie other hand. ( hrist is tlie divine wisdom, and rcdi:iip- til 111; it Is His cross ih.it -im-, ,ind into III- 11. line tli.it we ari' bapti/ii|. Ibe point 1- lint iif Liicit iiiii>. .rt.mii : |i,r whether the Lord he C hrist or (md, at any rate it is in I'lie nr cllu r 1,1 till -1 ih.it vve ,iri- In i^lnry, and 1I..I 111 111,11 ,,r in i,irllily d i -1 iiui i. ill-.. I 'le ( ,11 iii!l;iaii-. uii'i ilu ir Inrn wnr-lnp I't i'.iiil. .\i„,il,-, ,11,, I I'lii r. .iiiil with their liiiiKiuv li, i \ ,--ivc ii'.;,iri| for wi-ilmn, iiil'piiiin . and lii'-^li lurlli i \ , . .7 f. 1 , liad t'Tuiiiirn !l:i- I lu- i|i|i ,i,iii, ,11 I- iiinre l!i,in ii-ii,,;!y ,i|ipr.,pri.itr lln- i,ri'.;iiial p,i--,i-e 111 jrrriiii.ili luriii-iu- till- \ 1 ry -.niie ii,n tra-l, ,iiiil ,-,!iiii -1 in llie \er> -,ii!ic I. 1111-, a- r,iiil'- ,m1ii;, .111; i. Ml In rr. "Ir! imi i!u- :.;/.v.' man ( 6 \erns the divine choice of nien, and ■ f n il king tiie conceit of the Corinthi.ins. (md does lint ih<«i-e those who stand hinh -tandri.ds of the world: I Ir chooses the foolisll. Il l -1 boni : ;ind such - ■ . I ... I 1 . !"=•"•> ••verc In,.-! Ill I 111- c!i,,i,-i f.illiii upiiii the inlliuntial. tlu- hi-li l,.,rn. then " "t tlu in w.iiM Ii.im li, en so In.iuir. il lie i!r.;, fur e- them h.ick, in a -pint \.r.\ -inul.ir ti. that of Jeremiah, to a recognition of their own utter insig- tried by the till \ir> re\ir-i lile fil'lilr. 111,. them W l-e. II, tllr ili- 20 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. II CHAPTER 3. itlitiiK aiiiiiiiK you, save JtMis Clirist, aiui liiiii crucifitd. j ,\ And I was with ytui in wi-aknos. I And I. hrtihrt-n. whtn I came to y .».» i\> ;iic ill'im llur iiicli lili il 111 (ii'il 111 C'liii-I. I liii> lio.oliiiK Is escliideii, and liu- niilily is tlie only true wisitom. Faufs MaHtn'r of i'rcachins at Cohnlh (ii. I 51 1. I'aiil li;is just hiiii iirKiiiK upon the ( '1 ■rinllii.iiis ilu- 1. v-.i-iiiii..n ,4 tluir I'Uii ullir iii-njiiilK ..III I , .iii'l ilir \\i-'l"in >■< glllryin^; 111 the l."u\ .il 'iic I In-, lu' yiies ■■11 111 . Ills i'liii In- i>\Mi lir,..tui-. ill- |in.niiiil iiiiilt r ;iii 1 iv i rwlii Iiiiihl; -< n-i- . I nun ui.ikiii--. aiiii lie 111. hU- im il I, .11 |M ('( .ii'.mi iiil In- nil --:i'-i' In li'- an (lu nri - !i\ I 111 •• 'I il .il I ^I'-ji" I 1 T ]'l s.ij.lnr.il I .TO. ii li.i\ ■ !,,,•!.■,. p:-.,, ■■■ , ,.!..!'ur- when I came to you, I came — tlic ripititinii ooiu-m- li.r. - ;ii!. I,' • n l> !'|i..n Ills arru.il proclaiming ilu -|i. 1. wliu-h lie luri' I ill- the testimony of God, .i- in i (>. In liail calUd it tli,- ti-slimoiiy of Christ. Min|i!y ami not with any striking rhe- torical cr philosophical display. " i»iTi,nii.' si'i'in- 11. ilii lli.ni Ml <"•')(' I <)'•, \\liK-li n,.i\ lia\r 1-1 rp! in tr. ill w r. 7. I lu- ^infin /lu.i' ror Wtoi . ]ili.li.llii> llie trslunnny /.I ti' .l. lli.il 1-. Ill Ills iinrjpiiso in (.'iirisl — 111 .sli..it, till- Ulispil. 2. 1 ). nil.t;, --, Ii, .! r.m! ii-i il tlu ilri ii-i-s w liU'll 1 . i'i-i li. nil --.i-i u.iulil at i.t-1 1 . . ' mil .1 It-, il 1 • a M. I'll r I'ln-'n- ■ ■! l "i . Inu iii- I I \n~.,\ t. ■ .i\ liin: -1 II ■■[ r . w ■ j...: ' i.| .1 /.■/'.I pi>l'.>,-. I In- r\ priutur al \lli.n- I'r.iin u'.uh In- li.nl 1-1. nu- 1 \.-|- \\ w I 1 ''.!.! .-. .vit ''."'. .! |.' tills : It iii.'iv al- • j. . v'.l •••• '• • .'. .." I For I did not decide 10 ' know anything among you. except Jesus ' Christ, and Him i."' ilm iyli I kiuw i w.'i li.'W JV. .it till' utTriH-r wnilld I'l.' as crucified. I'lnri- i^ ;i slifjlit, lint aji linci:i!.li- ililTinni'i', tietwoen " 1 decidi-il nut tn kiiiuv " and "I did not decide tu kii.iw " rile Ciirititlii.ms, with their argu- iin Illative iiistiiKts. Ill iiili'l 111 airing tlit ir I own knowledge (of. viii. I> ;i;iil o| meet- I iiig any one who claimed "to have sonie I knowledge ■' (tiSfVai t«) ; I'aul resolves that, at any rate •!> Imig iis he is among thent (♦* i'm'oI he will severely restriit his knowledge to one theme. Nut only will he inr.uli ali.int iMlliiiig i Ki- ; lint, (or the Iniif Iii iiil;, nnllnng eKe will lie ill his mind. I lie lliiiiie tli.il tills 11 Is Jrsiis t lirist. lie will nut let his s|„nli aiiiiing tlii lo- riiilliiail> drift iillo al'-U utiun- 11 \v ill lie iiluwingly persntial, gatlurnl aliuiii ilu- |h r s.iii /•stis will! ti' linn 1- tin- Mr--i.ili. ( /;M.^^ In liarticnl.ir will 11 u.illur .il.. .nt ill..! i.i.'t in ilk i-,in 1 r uf Ji -11- vvliiili ua- i-viitral 111. i-;-in-iti \i. 111. Siull .1 v;"-ih i I In- aiu'.hmi; 1. :I ii'ipnLir .iiin.ng I ,1. . k- - ,,'•■..1! l.\ ...1. uli.. 1. I.! .li.-.l .•I ni.ili -fact-T's ilr.itli (1. .'3 I — but tli.it is till- I... 1 wht.-li I'. ■■■I w:!! -iiprenii-ly and (-. .Ill ;ir :.i'l\ 11. Iil li.-lli lul-.n- In- .-vMl iillllil ..: ,1 ill. :rs. 3, 4. IK- is fully c. .n-cn ais. nnl only of till- iiiiliii|iularily l i lla- iiK--sai;i . liilt of the in-iiliicn.iKy ut tlie priailiir As for me, it was in weakness and in fear, a ti.ir -o unat .is tu ri-nlt in much trem- bhng, that I came before you i m i i lli-rt vv I urt an mtt-rr-ting i;liniii-- iiit.i IVinl's |iiiMii- ajipi .11. nil- ; In- vv.i- jn-t tlie rr\.r-i i.| till i-iiiil, s( 1 1 I'l iiitiiU'iil. ir.i.lv .-ral'-r. < 'ii liu i'. .iil r.ir \ . lu- vva- .'iiii-.'iiit liy a -i-ii-i .•! Ill- 1.1 . ill ill. i:..-i- nt tin- iinulity ta-k tb.it ili-M>lvri! ::;-.-ii Iniii a- .1 j-ri .u lii r .1 li-r- Tliri-' ; i.i : .1.1 ,1 -iii-i 111 I, >■'■■ I \\lii,-li I \iiri---ril r-i! Ill .iniiii: /■ .-/;(.''/.-'.',., And, tried liy I . II t:'!.!;i -!.,ii.I.iril-. Il:- -p. . . '■ w .- a- I.-, ir. ...! ■■ . If ! 1-1 J I r. \ -.X ' ' : niy speech, and 111 ji.irt u iiLir my message, did not consist in plausible words of philosophy. I ln-rr u a- im .'.v./ 'Xi in 11. n. . -lu ll .Mil/.-. : imvvi r. a- the ( ifi-ek iiiiiui iU-IiL;iiii li I'l But iii ii- .n;.iin v\i 111. ly --:-|i. i-| a liil'r t..'-i-!i i.f irmiy: f.-r ilinnyli 1.1- iin-achiiiK' 1.11 kill tlic-e element-i vvhu-li the (ireeks tlioitglil sn impi irt.int, yet its ri'.tl power was incontriivertiMy attested by its (miraculous, cf. 2 Cor. xii. ij) eflfects. for it came in the shape of effects wrought Ch. II) I CORIXTniAXS. 21 ll...t v..ir f.iilh .l„,„l,. no, M;,n.| in I it.it s,„...k tlu-\ ,^4. .., („„| ,„ .h. ^^-.|..^, ... t,u„. I,„i ,„ ,lu- ,.,.w.r ..f a ,m.ury, .•.-.•„ tl... l,..l,l.-„ r.W...,,. «hu-|. Il..ul..it ui- ~|ii-.ik \M-..l.iiii ,iit|..ni; .r\ ■ "-l"-iV.! >.t n..t ilu- «,-,|,.,„ S Whul, „..„.■ .,f ,lu. ,,r„„-i., „r thi* .t ly> "..r ..I .Ik- pruuv, .., ,!„> uorl.l k.u'w : f..r ha.| iWyVuLu , ilu-y ii|" i> ill. Ii^.^ ... I'- luariT... |> pl.i '-il.;i. llu> w.rc iliiriuf, lniMiiM- ihf " I., hlllil ihi 111, 111, fi,^ / , „ , 1, '•■ 1- ' I 'il 1 1 ■jiiiii.'iil Imi i I , inv 1,1 I , 5. So till- " .iTiiA-. .miid, tn iiiMini; " i'aii; I Mr ,(( tiiriK ..lit to !»• th.' iii.^/f/-,- l.r. .u !i, T r.iii In- imulit 1- 11. .1 In- ..un' It I- 'I till- -innt I M-r .) ), m| ( ,.,,| 1 v, 1, ; . anil till' ilivillf ['iirfiKU- (iiai In ,|, nii; till- man <.r. it m.i.v In , 1.,. „. , , l.rraihiii); a> lu .|i,| u.,- that your faith should not rest in the wisdom of men but in the power of God. A faith uhu li I- t.. t \i-t iiii^liakin niii>t not ho liuih n|i..n a .!<\ III- p.iwrr. anil 11. a - 111. I \ III- .!."|ii.iuT or iihilo^ophv, iliat ■ - ill. -■■111. r.'iil . ii. r; Iniii-rli luri' as an illit-tration ■■( I'u- irntli ilial (lmI i|.k.^ Iik nij«lily \v..rk .tiyh titlili- iiivtruniciit^ an>l hy nn- vNorliiiv nuaii-. ' • /'•' /■ ' .''''.v ' f !':.■ ii '.ifrl i ii, .)). ^- > ■■!" IVinT- u-r.l- l;.,vr ciuiv.,! --i';n ll'.ii l-( ,-,:r, ,| on'y "|..r > -I" fully fi.i !';■ |-".,.-| of ( l.t'j,! i- ' tii.-;tl.i|. III,! ii t'n-. 1! !■! ■!■ lun the ii'i ! ■lioM ..I r.-ai.iuii: til, t.,,-|„ 1 ,,ii «!Mt iii.iy lall II- p!iil..-..piiu-al -i.|.- (1. 17. n, I. 1 < -a- a co.Ma. .\, u,. 1,,,, ,. '...^ ' ■ 'i I I' 171 'liat cmld liar.iK ! , . ■, ni.ainii.,' : Ih-uK-,, otii.r > \pi-, - i,,i;. j,,. k '■■■< "til. r uay t'lin-t, t.,r < \,iiiipl.-. i, i '■.:1..| -,v, I i. _!o) ami t.'.ul's 'I 11.' lia-. tlifii, a piiii..-ip!i\ .iit.rl .ir. ulih-!i I- inti lliu'ililc 'i..v\,-\, r. .'.ni\ I" .'.../../ ra-il, n lit iii.V. dom. w!!i;-li we :,...! ■ l. ;'..w pr. .irh, r- ■ utter. t iinl, , .j j mdi'^rriminali ly. or li.f.Tr all kin.ls of; a-.iuiK-i V. l.-ii ..iili among those who are' ■i':ni-.ii!\ mature, th..-,- «|i^, ur,- if.t ■ iHi n lull arc :^r,,:,,i t.. t!u-ir tiiil C'lin-- iian stature: or the word {rtXtiott) so near #»r(7T»jpiu in M r ;. nia> I., nitrn.l. .! ... Ki'-t " til. .-I' who art- iHiluil,d itit.i tin- I hri-- tiaii iii> -t> ij " riii> wisdom, however, i- not of this world tht. of thi> ,/... ) u ,|o, ., not ,har,. .. inp. r .111.1 spirit of this aK»'. »hi>>o ^•I' n- .111- in tinii^ of things transitory .111.1 It a wimIoih of the rulers of this world. I h..,,' wli.. ■ n'l- in !iii.:!i pla.a-, an. I uli.. oiiyht to kn>-w 1.1 \,r S. iiiu..*a.-i 1,,-t. iii,„l,- th,. ni..>l I i.:li.i-tl\ nii-t.ikc ■.! I \, r. | |„. I ' - "I .-.." ■./ 'ii'.Jll .■■IK-. lV.lhU lie • my. I-, «li,iin • .1, >s ,■!, |„ ;,, t 1 ft I ).tn. ^ ^'1 ' r. i; ,1.1, ■! .;, |,,, -i.iiii;; ni-r t|,f na "•"i^- I'.'il. u i.lp.iit .nr'! . r , \pl.,r.it . .11 It I- iii,.rf pr..l..,l,!, tli..!, hkr til,- apy.nr.i "• K.-ni.iii- \' 1 .t. Ill, \ .,1, 111, n. I -p,-, i.illv a- thfir u .: Ill . rr, ,1, ,,, tl„. '1,'in III, II 111 the pi, ,|,in. \, r„-, .,,,,1 thf wr> -.nil.' plira-c, •• il,.- riiK r- ..| tin- >iM. I- ii>nl 111 v.r. .,| 111 .-, wli,, irii I Ilu . I J1-11-. I he v,.i!i,. u,.t,l. ui a,n,ii.r»t arru..', „ ,1 .,.,{ j,, .\^.,, ^,,1 |, ^^,,|, ml. r- wlu, .-..nipa--. .1 |, . .|,- .tlT | I,,, -imiianty ... tin- p.,--.,;.;, „!,. r,. tlu' '•' ■'■('•'I'/fiur,?. II, ii;ii,,t.nK-,- unii 1 ^ ..r 11 uh, r. It I- -ai.l llial tii, \ ,!ul 11. .t ki (uiVi.it |„n- It i.rai-iii-all\ 'I'.^'l.t ih.it 111,- rill, 1- ..| iln- w,.r!.'| • ir,- , .irihlv rul, 1 -, i„.t .,11c. h,. ,,r ,|,-iii, ,ni.- Ii, y.n, i.il. it ri r- !.. i!,, u: , . iiilii;, iiii.il. '"'"I I" in i.,irii,-u'.ir, i-- "■ 1 to in.-ii iiL I'll.it, an.l til. lll-il ..M, .1 ^ It U.I- II., I -iu-ii ., u:-.|..iii ih.it I'aiil iir..- I Ik' ii. III.. Ill, 1, vv;-!. -'11. n , r.- ; 1. Ml, II who are being brought to noi-i^ht. I, lia pr. -r, --n,- in,,i. ii ,,i tl,,- 'I'^iiu- pmi...... !li,v ,,r, i;r.,.!i,alU |„,t -ill, h .|i.!...Lt.| aihl ,...■,! |,> ,(,; 111, 1, ■ ■! .ir. .ili,-r '_\ p,- w !i. .Ill ! I . \ |,,., uli'.ni II I- il. -, 11 1, j.si'i I j',,, till- -,i(iu- \i-ri> 11, It- in 1 jS l^aTap7fll■) -tr. ii..^ili.-ti- t!;,- ii!..li.,l,il:f. .,1 111,. „,t,.r pr, t.-iti..|i ^ui\ n ,,i,.,\.- ( Vilapha-, I'lla!.-, ... 111. ,11 1- .Kiiin or .. 'iiu-.j. 7. 8. But It i> n-.t tli.it -..rt of wivlotn. ii"! a liui:,:ii \m-,|,.iii ,,t ail (\,-r -,iy-' I'.r.il. htit .1 divine wisdom. (,..,'r./ wi's- il..m (''•oi fnipliatici that we utter; ami tins we do in tlic f'jrtu of a mystery. • l-l I COUINTIIIANS [t il. II JmIIi II- •! vsin.u •■..;> i.n.. ^' ^, ..,,„„ ^ne w»Mch has been lymK '.^^^^^^^ ment-' ''""''f r';;:, i't,': li.,ii-il<'iv »v •• , , ,, ,t III ■ " . I , >,nc which •"" ""' J' ■' ,4 v,i-fore the a^cs. and God foreorda'ned before uch ^ ^ its uln.n..,.- a.m ]^ ; >' 111 ' ' ' ' ' ,1,, ..I f/i.->.' "'.r u„, Nsnh none of ^;\ ;,crso. this world I ^ ha any ulea of ; ' - ''^ ."^ 'jt' hi led them it was their 'H"7^nce ol tt ina ^ to eruc.ty the Lord o 8 , , ,„„M haw ' , l.o n ,Iu f 1..M""-": •' ,„ f. put lli<- ," ,', ,' / ,.f (,/- "> i- tlu- l..;r.l u'--> : ■ :'\„ .,, i,„„t.'a' ^ ,l,..„vih that v::'-> ,,,, ,,f n„.-v ti.at u i-.'i' ,,,,, ,..,,.1 ,,, jjii 'r\ , 111 i~ " ^ V...-.-. v; ' r ' ^ „ ,„„ ..r- ,1,,. ,,,„„l..a^ I in-ua.l -I ,;-h1 I' • . »■ •' . , , , ., ,. ,-.|tl;il!> ^I" "-''>'■' ' ' .'1',',, , . 'a c -'I't'v ' t,. 1.. !«• tii'ii-i I) i;or~ ,,,,,, l-r,,l.aM.v. tl-au.-- „. « ~>iit.n.-. . arM \" things wliuh no ; conceived. -v';;;;.:^ ;;:;S':;n:;.^.>'. i:;,;'.w>. ^v;--;- 1;;;,!::-.!:. r;.:,ir ;:^u;-;.;^ p., V.-.,/ i:'V;;n. God KEVEALED;; , , r, Mill a «i w II I" i;^ "I ' '"'I 111 till- wi'i'!^ vxliH'h man'-, wi'tti-m tfiielu'lli. Ii'ii uliiili ilii Unix (lli.i-i u.irliiili. o'lii- |Mi iiii: -I'li iiii.i! tluiii;- w i'li -iMtitit.il I I l!nt till n.ilnt.il nvui r.niv'lli n"t tin- iliiiii!- i l llii ->pr r ■ t i \ .ill- |.".I;-l.m-- iMil.' lii 'i liMiliii 1.1,1 !i'- 1,1;,. u • .,(.(. iM.aii-t tin \ .iri. -i>intiianv .!i-, , 111. .! another? ilit the tliiiii:' "l nim \" ,: , iiii \ll till iiluin.niiua ..I a lu.iti'^ 1 hli.. lu^ |>lir|"i»r«. a^liirall' li'. . !<■ , Mtl,n..\Mi, atiil f.iTi .■Illy In' llir i.l>i..| ,1 ,..ini 1 tiiri', iiiilil I'l M 111. Ill II-' y ,11. kii.iwn t.> ii>> "111' except i.. the spirit that in n-i.li ni in the man himself. Ex- actly so i> It Willi ipi..!!. u l> .1. hli. r.ii. 1> ill. I'liiM-. ■■ til. il Ill (...,1 " till' llil-^::! -'lUu'. -I III. I. I> |!,, Ml. -lit . ■ Ml I, il'.ll' .Ui'l ill. I ■. ! Iiu i; 111. .1 I- ,l.,ill till- !•> till' ■ j.irit I- I'i.iiii li.'iii vif. I-', wliiii- 111 il' .iiln- it as llii- ifliit that Ci,',iiits ir.'iii li. (i...!'.- inirp.'-i', lluii. il' il 1' !■' l'<; Lii.'wn. iiiii-t Ik' i..iiiiiiiiiii.'.iti 'i . .iti'i H 1111.1, I -I.ill.l- llll- iluilli- plul.'-.-lii.). It ! ., .,)!-. h, li,i~ n i-.-ivt it was not the worldly spirit that we received, wlu n v.. 1.1 iMiiu' l'lin-1 but the spirit that proceeds from God. It liii- -I'lrit 'liat iiiiiH' a>'.nr;iii;r .|, .hl! • nmiiucl ii|) 111 tin- U..I.1 "ul.'iy i\■ 1" ■ I, u II.. liu:lit 'iiM'ii til. p ii|"'-. ■ .111.1 i.;!"- , I ( ,.„l, I. HI ..illy the 'pit it ..l < ....1 linn 13. r,iul :in\!..n- l" ili-.-!.i;iii .I'l •Ji .ii'cbt tliat tills \M-.l..in I-. .'I a ri-.illy , .1.1 kiii.l li.' I- n. .1 .it'i .nil .T iiiiw iH : !,. pill. !, mil It I 111' Mi --iiii,;> .11 1'l-rri .1 ' \ I.... I 111 ( liri-i ar. ll^Il^.^ which we also utter ,111.1 .lu.iiii i-..iiits till- miw fatniliar .■ :;;;r :.' !■.:■•■.•. J. 11! till- ili'-inf a!!(! i!k' )inm;!ti in words not taught by human wis- dom, but taught by the divino spirit. \ .t .mly arc thi- ihoiiKhts which he niu r- ni -... .ikitli; anil lirisuliiiiK t ^0Tf>». iwi'iM '. \.r 4t inspiri'il by the spirit, hiii i-vcii thi vcr\ wfinls. The bold claim wliicli he here maki .111.1 will. Il iiiii-t 1.1 iiut rpvi II .1 111 ill. a/-.! ■! 1 .illi' I ll'.m in ilii I. It. r. -Ii..« • . .\ I r\\ ill Iiiniii: In- .■■.n-. ;"n r- .- ..| ilii- .lull!., pi.-. Il l I 111 t..'l .uink; |,1|1,, ,. TKl.tiir.J, on l.,r «•'' > fflH.U.lTi .i i». I /.(Hi cH r(« !.., ... li lt .htll. 'i't I., nil ; pill. 1 1. 1 - I'll"..'!!'., in. .111 1 I'. .1;.. . ■.,( , , . f . ;. , . ■ ' .111. I ■ 1" I - i . ■: t'n- 1... 1, 1.1, 11. ,M- i-r limit i'l.. M. > , n . ,i . il l- \< !-<■ il. .1!' XMtli till- till nu- . .l I li, . j.i . , I . ! ni I i 1. pi 1 ■ , 1 . : ' . I'l III' . ti..ni.l ti'l \. r I I In il: i! . 1 ' . 'I -I' 111- |. -I I,. !l III 1 ,«, it I I'..' I.y . tl.i- t ,\ . I Tri*.iiirifta .'.In.-li .n. i. .'ill I'l. . 1 ,ir, tllr ll;..!!::!'!- .i.i.i '!.• u .i.!- I...I .1- 111- li.i- in-.| 1.1 .;. . i:, ..1. ni -pn. .1 l.s llii -pin . 1 . 1. 1 . " ur ■.ttiT ill, - il l -. comhininj; spiritual itK.i-. with spiritual Im. ,,.n ' It i- inii>..--il.l.- i.ii; , . m In;''-!, ill.- 1 \ir.i,.r.lni.iry , iiiplLi- - ] i.,.!ik-i,l l y tllr i'iM.-ip.-ili..ti "I •1,1 tint, U'.l'l- llnl.l . 111-.-. >r ■ n.i.iiTin. :r».«i u<< riMin. irinuiriMi jlii" ti in |..r ulii.li I'.i:;! I- pi. I.! 1 i-. , ill' -tian ,M-.l..n: i. I .. • . ■ - •■ 'I by I 111 .i; I' 1 - ^;.illn-i i .1 up lu i . . ''■ ' i ■ * ' i u 111 Itinmi I' 'I > ,■- 14. Now a natural man is not recep- tive of the things of the spirit of God. •I': X ^ -il ".I.. -,'(. I 11,. p -\ , ln,- 11,11,, 1- a 1 ■ .; ., , -y, I. ■ : I I 1- 11-, '! I'l I 111' \, A I , -'.,11!' -It ' . ,1, li' 'I, ill,- II,., 11 U Il'l i,,- ,.nl\ .1 r' W l-..l!;i I'll 11" "-'Uitl I -|,n !t . (if ,-' .,ir-'-. Ill ' '11,- -' II ,-. ' '. , 1 V 111. Ill II.,- ;i " ■ I , I. \ , r I -■ ' I' ■' .-. II. 1 .■ n 1- iiiii, .". li, ,1 .I'l, I '!'!■ !! ■nr-t-.it, ,! I > lli, .li\ lllr -pir't. II 1- .1- 1 .1- I, "11 I \l-l 1 lit lit J ii.l.- \ 1 I |.), u n, r, ,-. : I.I ni iii. ii .111- il,.-i-ri!„ ,1 .1- f , . . ,'/'i; II.: ■ '. Ii,i\ iiii: -"111. l.'ii II, , -;,ir't I In lli il . til,' ni.in'- 11. .n-pli\ -K il I'li i- in ..iily t-\pu-^s ii-i-ll llir..n«h 111- -i'yn. -■ I I In- -...nl \- n,.t tii-ii-->.iri'y bail, bnl rcpn-iiit^ tlu- iinpnriti.il ii.ilitr.il .-ilfirti. -. tin- rartbly as i.ppiiviil |i, tin- lu'.ivriily, tlif ti.itural as iijipiiNi-il III till- ^iiiritit.i! .iiiil -iipt rti itiiral. Siu-li a ni.-m. i.Iix i,.'i-'\ . ' ' 1." ' ..,-,'' ,'iHi* till- tliitii;- ..l ill.- .Imii.- -pint, li- li.i- no ,ippr. -inti 'ii .if lb, 111. for to him they are folly, and he can attain no knowledge of them, for ilu- -iiiipU- rca-mi tli.-it the test of them is a spiritual one, and hav- 24 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. hi I.S Hut hv that i- siunln.il ni' luni-clf i-. ]u<1k h.itli kiMwu tlu' 111111(1 I'i llii- i.i'nl. iliat 111' niav iii>lriict him i' Hut ttc liavi- the iniiid ><{ Christ. I A.NIl CHAPIER ,v I. linthrcii, conlil ii"t sjicak unto a» unto lialii ~ ui C'liri--t I li.m- till >"n "illi unlk. till at ; t'l T linhtTli ' yi w < ri- . iir (/. m uluT >i t \\<'\\ ari- >c .ililo. \ I'tir \r an- >rl >arnal: lur uluri'as llwr,- is aiiiDiiK yen cuvyiun. ami strife anil .lui^i"ii^, arc as nu n ' VI' nut carnal, and walk in« till sf-iiituiil illnniinalintt. ho lacks the faiitltv t'l te-.t them. 15. ' The spiritual man, on the other hand. n\ui iiiis,(s~c - tin- larnltN. has the test for everything. Ili.n- 1- a uli-K; «MlM ,.t I S|irll. Ii. i - al. ■! tllr I'->lllU- ]>•■■'. l.iiiiihar i.nii l>'it m \uliii- 111 lii^ -iHi it'.;.il i:iiini:":ii i"ii. lu' ran CNliinaU- 111. I liiil) tliiM- ihiiii;-. Imt uti ll:iir:,s at llieir ]\<> r \ahi>- I lii- very epi-tli . \\!ili !l- many i-xinliiti' "I I'ai'l - \ii--alili!\ ami tart m ilr.ihiii; with vatiini- an.! ill 111'.. le iin.l lini-. 1- an i veellenl illiis- tr,iii..n lit till' ii' Uir lie here claim- tur the -I'll I'll '! ii' i" B"* -SA"''""' ;;j(iii ,■: ,1 \tliiii:^. he is not himself caii.il.Ie 1.1 heitii; tested by any one win. is 11,. I •.]iintnai. The Girinthiaiis ha\e heeii crilu i. inu I'aul ( iv. ix. .\> : he here neiulv hint- th.at. sn hmu as they re- ^ main nn-.|iiritnal. they lack the jiower to uiuler-lanil hull, aiul their criticisms can amount n. iiHthm^'. \ 16. I'aul clenches his imint here, as j (ifliti. hy a i|ii.ilatiiiii Imni ihe li-ta- ; niint 1 l~aiali xl. tli .ii'.;li Uc iI'H- n..t! inttii.li I I It uilli a (MJ""-'?! -,»-,oairTa. i i. , In I I.I I'lilui' !lii' -innliial man aih - i the mind of the Lord? Nois imi imi.n'ii- crlv ttati-lali- the IKhrew wurit lor ■ipint; It I- the -|iirit on its iiitelh'Ctnal side. But WE 1 nuns iiniihatici are in posses- sion of the -pirn of the l.nril. or as he lu re calls it. the mind of Christ. In is.iiah, till- l.i'l j is of course Gik] . the • i-v -n'.- .vlitiition of Christ fur the I., t.' n tin -.> - ond clau-e, -how- h"W i"i Paul, Christ and <;..f. \er. .'I of .1 truly -piritual appreciation. ihey were, in .1 word, capktvoi, men of iK-li. men who-i- nature i- tle-lily. -lit;litl\ ilitYereut fn.iu anphihoi i.f ver nl lle-lily iii-tiii.t- ami li nileiK'ii -. carnal Ami -inc. y.m «ir-,' h.ihe-. it was with milk that I fed you. not with solid food, for you were not yet strong enough i vi r j 1 l-'or .1 -mular nil .1, i f. I li 111 . u - \ I -■ \ ; -.' I lu re is iiiithint; e-.itiric 111 t'hn -liainty . Imt the presentation nf it ha- l.i he ailaplnl to the cqiacitus of tln.-i wh.. are laiisht. //,• wa- 11 .t ahle (."''' v^iiv"v>'> because V Will ::i.t alle »'i'i ''m"'* I . With. lilt -vnipathy. al! cntici-ni 1- wide ,a ill,' mark Mil- 1- tin i:iner;il triuii. wliuh r.iiil lure a|i|.he- wilh Rrial fmce t.i tlu- -pecUic tr-tli- ..| I hn-tiaiiuy What li,. call- ■■ the llmm- ..| the -|iint " can .iiily he iiniler-tiiod ami iiUerprileil hy one w Im him- ell ha- the -pint, that is hy one will, ha- heetl elltiuhtened. Now the Ci>- rinihian-, thnuiih they were Christians tcf. ver. 1 > hecan-e they had believed ( fVccrrnVoTf, ver. 5) had not yet (<>ii»">l nacheil this staye.' Where the impediment lav. we see in the follovviti« section. 7 /ic CiinuilHv of l\irtisiinsliii' the Whole Church is'Coii's. her f.fad. rs hut His Si r: iiii/.v ( iii ') ' 3. Whrti I wa- with y.iu, -a>- tlu; Apos- I'r. \.i.i uere nut -irmi^; emnmh f..r the -nli.r lii.'il 1 wa> prep.ired t.i Hue, and your present dissensions sliow that the C'H. Ill] 1 COKIXTIIIAXS. 4 For while one saith, I am of Paul ; ami anutlu r, I am of Apollos ; arc vc not carnal ? 5 U li" lluii N r.-iiil, .-ITUI wh,, is Apol- Imi! inim-ti'r> liy wlnmi \c liclicvcil, c\.ii ;i- liif l.c.nl K.'.i' to c\crv 111.111"' I lia\c plaiitc.l. Apoll.is vvatcrd ; but (I'xl gave tlio increase. 25 / ;^ """ i.'' tli.it planl.th ;•>"> ling, „,„i,,r he that watcrc h ; but o \o\v he tli.ii plaiitilh .111,1 watcrclh arc one: ,,i„l ,„ ,n jeuc his own rewar.l aeaiiiliiii: i, lalioiir. lu- th.it -li.ill re- own ca.se IS no better to-day. Why. even at this moment you are not strong enough for you are carnal still. The com, .sh.)w.> liiat thi> wonl has a wide siojie It N not conlined to scMial, or even to MiiMMl Mils. I, lit covers tlio>e tempers and .h-iH.-.iii,,ns th.it e.\pre>> themselves in -true .111.1 <|i"eii-i,,ii. I heir earii,-ilit_\ w is 11,1, 111. ilile : for where there is among you mi -l, 111. ,11 . r jealousy, and ilie strife " -■:'<■> K.i'N. are ye not carnal? are ye not leading vour hves 1:11 ualkiii^i after the fashion of 1111,11- !i«hi.iie,I men? .\it,r stiir\\ s,,nie .\l.vS. «r..iiKiy a, 1,1 ".iihl (li\ i.sj, ,11, " ( /,ai HiXoaraaiait, |,,1Iouiiik Cal. v jo j h.- metaphor of :,;ilkiii,^ aiiplieil I,, a way oi life. Is very frecpieiit 111 the I'.ihle, 'an,| w.is very natural to .111 ( iiuiii.il. 4. 5- I'aill at oiue |ir, n eeds with a cni- > r-. I, ilhistration of the slrile whu li prmes iii.ir . _,riialiiy. I mean. When one says. ' P*"^" another. "I to Apollos, are you not ni,njiin on .1 purely human, imcnlii;Iitcned plane? (ver 4' He does not here ao,|,,s woiihl n.iiMiMllv lie the most fa- '"'Mr, aii.l tlie .li!, .,, ,! .hit, reiices between th,in wiMiid he th,- eliiel e.iuse ..f strite What then !„■ asUs wuh rismjr ,,„.,,,■,,„ IS Apollos? in,.,t. neuter, n. „„u-l, m .ro (tt.^tne lh,-ii Tis, „h,.- .t »!■, \, ,s;. „ ,, Is III, re ill Ap.,II,,s ,,r i'.iuP IIk-' -i j. .„ = - ■li.iui;iiu-,iil_\ r,|H.ii,,l: and what is Paul? N,,., :Jr:' // ,.,,„,„, ,,„,,. I'a'iy word. Ministers, he .m-u.rs u.-h elUpllaSlS, — ;,„,! ,„,; h,a,!s , , f |K|M:,-: ply Io«ly s, r\.iiit,, by whose agency ye became believers ( pr-priatei> ,,f ihe imii.,1 ,„ 1 .'.f h, 'i,'i 1' Uearly, then, some had 1„ en c.in,^,! tiirn„t;h Apollos. HenKei li.ippiiv ,,„ii- ments: ,/„-„„^./, „.|„„„_ ,„„ ^^1^^,^^ I.elieM.l: Ihey are but ai;eiit-. ii^.i ,,l,we"ts lu . ^5?** minister. ,1, according as he Lord (whether Christ. ,,r perhaps " " •1 .1 VI r Q aud especiallv v 10 • .,i„l I s.iini ir .loubt cf. i. ji) endowed him. i 0. I hat these men are but tnitnsters, ami their powers but Riffs, j, illustrated ' D> the following verse; It was I (iym '■nplu v> who planted, it was Apollos who watered. I . cnmhian chur, h 0.11,,,.,,,,| t,, ,1 .,,,,1,,, „r ;'■ i'.'^^l „.,t .le,u the l-r (,,,.1 w.„u in...,, J, lo.a. ,,r. „„,„ . '•>. tile luill,,,,, ,..;,|,t, ,„,,,, „,,,,, ,„„, d.llere , .a te.l. as ,,;.„,.,,-, ,„„, But •dl tin, hiim.,,1 .u.,r, ,.,.,„, j ut\ sici I, ,ns 'II ll' thiiii,'. were It not \,,y ^U^■ l ilt God llmisell wh.. all the time , ),i,|,t- I was causing it to grow. Ihe .l,r.,,,ii,e ■i twe, 11 il„. .•„„.,.t and the inipert,, , ;s '-■ .ipll.v lihislr.ited: the w.irk ,,| P., ,1 ■'H'l \I"'ilos ,s represente.l as an act. that ' " '" "I as ;i e,.iitinii,.ii, pmeess. Taiirs ,UeiUT.,iis reler.iK-e f, Vi. -,., here, as tol- ■■«in^ lip th. «,„k ^l,.u he himself b.ad "-■■n. is a delicate nhiike of the Conn- I-arty spirit, winch >et them n„ as 7. 8. So then if .he real growth is 1" li lt Miwle ,1111,1, rl.M,i« ,„,„,.r of •""I v\atennK , . .1.1,1 ahke l„. I,.,.-, ,h,. hiini.ni a.euts j n ay h,- s,,,,!, , ,„ ,,,,, I all : neither planter nor waterer is any- thing whatever: on the contrary it is Uod who causes the growth, tl .a 1, ,11 I "1 all t ver. -1. 11,,.,,. ,„,,.,( Ve ^implied; the meaning m-i |„ , ,.,„ ,hai is snmethiuK (TM h;t ||,. ' Y ' V''""«- Still, tb-myli till, a,„| ill t-luistian w.irk is swall,,w.,| up i,', th, •le (..-I >er\iee of the oi„. (;,„|, ,,|,|j^ „h,.,l, •;" ';n;'t atl.r all, and their w.-rk as in- •■iw ii.,,s will !„. ,h,ly ree,.«ui/..,i ami re- u inl.,1 Now planter and waterer are one muter, as if. i„ ,h..,r capacity as •'■"1 s.Tvaiits, ih.ir per..,ii.ditv w.is lost: .'"> as u w.-r. . .1:, 111 xervice. one 'ii.v/no,,, „M/„v Almmi. th. v .„,. ,.,„., not tii-r.t..r. ruals, ,,s ,|„. (;,r„„hians had I'" " lepr, s..|„,„^ ,|„,„ |. ,,,|., J "I'Kiit b.- .ui,,.,,,,),!, ,,,„,.„ , ll"- in.livi.hi.il. h-i th,' ■ Vl ,,, ,■ of . !V. . ... ^ , iili - j of iiiis.i|,|,r.-h.M-si,,n . .,,,,1 ,1,,. \'^'|,';',' ^|,-",|';, [next s,.,-n,,„ Mv. 10 15, ,\ ,„, ,.l,„|,„„, i^.., I lor p< rson.,1 r.s,,. .nsihilitv I li..ii>.h ( ,„d IS everything, the individual is something 2G I ("OltlNTIllAXS. [C II. HI ij l'..r «i> ail- l.iI..iiirM> i..u,;lMr ui'.liM luui- laiil the fii, and another („„| V, .in' I i.iiT.s !ni-lianilr\. \r ( i'"!'^ I I'liiM. Ill tli ni.ni taki- j,!,,;,!,,,,^ ' ' jliii'l li"U In- limli'itli ilii rfiip' 'n, III Vrii.riliii'^ to . . fi'i ..! w! : ;i M I' 1 ..tlur li lur.ii.i; ii 1:1 i-an im niaii \ I , 11111, h and each mm shall re- ceive his own jiT' iu r reward for his own lir..]" !- tcil. 1 ill- \< 1 . til 1'-^ .ImhI.C ioioi' it'll rim ly ri 1:1-1.1'' i: ii.iii' i^l '.il. All ailiHiit I'l 'innii Mtil"!'. 1 "l;' lin' :i|,.-rr 11-1, ^■'^1II■, VI ; «ii",'ii'. W'TK, I. •• ;•!!.! Wil.ll It 1 . ill.l i."t liir.-;i lii. u '.i. at ..■;> v ^l- 9. ■) 1:1- 11 liii . 1 ;i < 1. Ill ; "•. -.u^'- 1 ,f ill,' iii.l V hill ,1 :-. ii, ' '. 1 r. .iili !■ -ill. ;,l I , , -i.^u- , 1,1.1. Mili-iiii.iry : the |»,int W ; 1, II r.i ! 1- 11,.;11,:\ '1 iTMIi ll t,i liriM- li, ili,,t .i'; , . '. 111. li. nil iiiiii ami If 1 - ai.K, . ,11 , 1 I .r ■! ill' irl'.v,' lli.it all i|i'iM>~niiiii tii ii.irti-an-liii> slimilil \aiii-li 1.. |,i;»- 111 > i;rial :iiiii\. For it is GOD'S fellow workers that we are: it is GOD'S field. GOD S building that you are. In .1 lllii'i' cl.iiix^. "<<" , a, tii-t W't'l. i-- Mi\ i-nii'liatii- I III- 1- tlir r, .il .i:'<' "I liii' jMity -.[lint, tl.it tiny .n'l' .ill ti",!'-- a- , lluy ni-i-t I„ I'll'.-. Ill f>- liiii-t 1"' till t'.ii'ti''!- |,l.iiiti r .111,1 watiur .11, "!■■- /, ',\ - w . 'I l., i - " I •' > i'"l la -i'' • ' ' i"..iiiitlii.iii^ '.ri'in, ,1 ■" li.. k : an.l lli, y u, i,' (ji'il'.i Wi.rU, r- ti.nii l,.i, . Ill :!n> ' . , 'in- in 1 lull. 1 lu' 111, .iimi.u 1- n, 'i, " 1, 1 \V"i 'r>i i - 1 11 111." Iiiit 1)1 loiiLiiim I,' < I 'i ■| l,,. i-ln'M-il li;.- .ill, ,;,K In . It ,1, -,T.'i,,l 1 ■> ini!-:i.-.a:. "I .1- I I'.' M > (• N m till- II- M 1 •, .11 1 \ \ 1 . 1 1 1 ■ I u i~ ,1' -i"r li, '1 a- a l.i!i!.'.:!i.a ; til, 1.1-1 ' - "1 \' '' man. I- tin- mic Mi l 'it .iiul iiin-' ulr.cc the mliir. I hi uii-iiinlnal nattiro uf thi' Cnriii- lliians iv s|i,,\Mi liy tlkir cliiiii'li , .ami tlu--i- auain n. -t nil an in.iiKi|nali' a|i- Unvialinn nt tlu' t.i,t tli.it tlu' rintn-li is <|ii, and liiT KiidiTs hut His iiiim-tiTs, The unity, wliuh i- ihn itrtuil, vmII hf a^- siircil, whtii tli.it is ninKr-tiMiil. 7 " ■■ l\'rs["'usihility of thr Church's l.tUtJcis tiii. Ill I5». 10. T'anl mi\v wnrk- mit with sunu' flail, 11 ,i! I' n til, iiK^^i "t tlu- i-|iiiich ;i- a 1,1-1 u "1 ,1- , 'I > I 1' 'I i h' la' '"It I an' limMiiii: ("i,,,r-. .111,1 ,.n,' l,iiin,|.iti,iii — Jfi-ii- ('hif-t: hut the hiiililiTs aii' many (ver. 11), and ihe ni.iterials arc varied. i Ik |, miulati. Ill i> laid diu-i- I'ur all ( ftfiun'o?, \ir li I, \il in .1 -iii-c it niu-t ,i , he l.,:,| l.y liir p.in u -.il.ir iniiinK r ni a l,,i-al . liiiu li. siii'li r.ial. i'n-- la 'iiiiii 'l ,\ ', ./ . u 1 -il, .111 I \ - : . .a ai tl.i-, , /.'.a' ,■ ■f t, ,!. Ill' |., ,--,-.-'- ; i.r u iiia> lu- ll!. ,1 l'i;> l,!l.!-i- ii'n- Wli:. II H.i. 1 \ ill, ur.ua- i,i li'i'I tli.il ill- wa- lu iv ;1, ,1. ..- ,aii a]i,stlf li\ \,'i.ra.ii (1. 11 t., /,;y ii / 'iiiitliil Iliiiu'/li uc, .in- ni.i> i,iil\ nuail -kili'iil. II is iniiiii^^a.h-, .il'tir tin- Inti^ di*- i-.>-.i,in ill i.-li~. I. .lid il.. I'll aK'i t,i liml 111 It an .■illn-i'in t,i ao-'^in ( -is i-d. ,iii i in tlu- tniiri- t, i'hiiioal si-t: -i-. In -I' li- "l lii> -' (. iiin i; ill |iria-i.alii III dl v\i-il. 'in. Ik- rlaiiiiN liiiii-ilt III In- wi-i-, a-- .'1 iii,i-ti-r li-ii:ili-r ta .v..''l uliu-h il , - 11. I na ill di^i-jiK-r. hut ,1,1 u,'rkin;m». hai ' is tin- inn- wis- dniii that ei'iiu-s l'_\ tin- f.iM'r ,'t' (iud. According to the grace of God which was g^ivcn to me, as a wise master- builder 1 laid a foundation, i Im; \\.i- lli- |i, i" ' ' ■, 1" !...!. . I! \\ .1- ihi 1 ■■ 1 - n > • ■ ..I 1 ,ih, I- , ;.-r a;, i. . . !. \ , 1, .p In- »\ • 1 1. And anotiier builds, ' i • /■((. ,/ ( .,. upon it. IK- can li.iiilly h, laiiiriii'j tn Xp'illn-. uh" w.;- r."l .it (.'"inilii. u'aii tia 'iltiT u..-. 1.. an; ii'i. II ISM ij ' But let each man see how, ili.ii i^. unli uli.ii inati.-- n.,:- he is building upon it. I'linl - wnrk ,1- a i, iiiiul.ii '11 hiiihlir -ii-uri : Ikti- i.-. ,-1 -,ihnin uariiin.i; t,i tlu- ntlirr tiaclii-rs. wli'i fiiiuinuf hi^ Wnrk. The rt- 1\- ri-iifi- all thnuiKh appears to be t<» teachers and llieir teacliinn. i II. It In Hilly .ilniut the super, iriicture that adviee needs to he sivi-n fur alHiitt itlie fiMindatiiiii there cm he im dmiht It 'is fi\ed and sure, laid ;tlr>-.idy. .iiid nrice fur all aii'l no one can lay another foundation alongside of i inpti wnh ua- » the one ainady laid (l>y (ind), and that is Jesus Christ: Tii^a, ,il, 'nu-ule nt. in onn- parisdii with, here alinu^t - : th.in. Jt Siis is • the fiinnd.itiiin ; the ihiireli i^ t'nuiid,,! iii"iii a l'er>"n, n.it np'>n a v\-iein •<{ niitli>. I'his hi-tiineal pei-nn. li"V\,\,i. i- ihe MeN^iah, (.'lin-t, li,'lie nt tile aiu-ieiil jew, hope I'f tlu' world'- heart, (lod'- oun aiioinieil: --o tli.it ihi- name i- a emiti-- j, , .};. .- ir!:. -: -;:;i;;!j-; ; ir: a . : n ! 1 : 1 : -.! of the eliureli Ihe ehiireli i- to'iiid, d iip,,n le--ii>. and the reeoiiiiit I, ai of lli- Me-M.ih- ship; every time we -.peak nitelli>;eiitly of Jesus Christ we acknowledge that. Cn- ni] I COinXTIIlAXS. 27 1^ Xmv if ;my man ].uilil iiihmi iln-i fonii(laiioii R,iM. >ilvtr, jirccums stdiu-. wnnil, Ikiv. sttibljlt ; K\ Kvcry iii.in"s work .hall l.c ni.i.lo nianiffst: for tlic dav shall il.vian- it li-iili 1.;; It tlicrcui.-.n, lie shall receive a rrw ,inl. 15 It .iiiy mans «.,rk .liall l,e biirnid. !<■ -hall Mitt.r !...-.; Im.i Ik- Iiiims.Ii cause it shall l,e\e"v-eaU;i' V'li'n 7a,M xhr "' i -V" K„;, " ;' j,,;" ,|;;„ "J;,' , . , , .,„ , fire - all try e\rry inatis w,.ik .,| what|. i ( ' ' ' hurt It is. 14 If any man"'; work aliidi- wlnVIi Ii /,';,// the Spinl i . .,| .ludl- iil, in xciu: 17 1 1 any man .1, tik- ih> umiiK- ,,i - ^a,■^^,. ,na,. Ma! l.ua.K r ro i,,„,. T,, 1 , ; , V"".. '''V ''-- -<'«■• -I --.l. yet «, as through hke .iwirl.le. a.uU.ano p....r an.l ,. ,,-l,al.I.. ,,i„J>t ,.„ il,, „„!,„,'nt ,1„. | ; like ..v.^J. Iu,y. ,u.d .■/„/..,,. ,„•. „, i„ „ , -M . mure accnrate tlu-.e are n.,t .hlh r, nl o .. k:.. an muM InnK a.,1 n ,,, .,' , ■ I J ' v," K -irui-tnres, Init (iitU-renl materia! liniil inn, p... "■tk. i)es of teaeliiiig. If any man builds on the foundation gold, silver, costly stones. The r..,l ,|„..l,.v ,.f ,!u «„k l,v on the one ha.Kl. or wood, hay. Stubble, the te.uh. r. l.f tliV > lni,vl,. „, | „,1 , , ? on the other-. nni.ate anii.l the e,,,i,,:-,,.n- ..f , V > . , 3-15- W «ha; lo I,, r!,, ,,-t .1 ,,,,„„„. ^,,|, reK.al..| i„ , ' I i .t ■ — . ' II 111 II .11, « u i IK- rt'M ait (1 111 I lii li 1 \ vahu- of Im material / Ihat vm!! I„. , , rH|.,„eii,, ^lien onlv that «ln,l, ,--,,:„[ -a> - aiil. Ml ih>_ ;ii.l.:nirnt Every indi- , aiui |,r ,-;,ti,.n I m.v ciim, i, iii,l,.„uiil iii ,is Uii'll.l ill.,'!. .SI- llu- (|!l;i'it\ ,,| , ,.. ^ \\.^v'., for ::s !i..;lit is ilu- |,n-:.t li; • ,i i ; , ;' Ih.-h'^-^,,.,'. /• it .tlMi is. II:.- ,/,M i is revealed in fire. : u! '; , x \ !„" ,/ ,- " ' \iai iriliiiir 111 r- 'iih iiiiK .rai \ In !'ri', uhiii ( hris, eaiiie. it wonhl |,e " in il.minu lire - ,6. 17. T-. the vv amine i,i\.n,r^'. xer S"^ K ^ J"'*'''''?"^'"^ "^""'^ """'"-^ tnen.tieV.. o'f th.-'elinreh native I e..:e.h„.,l ,.. the ( i a ■ - Lnis „ , ' v l.a.e or .icctis.-itive-the lire unl t.-r « h- i r.- !i .| t!„ in K , . , ,„ |i„ hi. ,„ h .1..; "• V Jiii^Ri.iH"'. ^ ' that you are 1;.. I iin'v I man's work, which he built thereon (I ai / , / e , ,. „, le," I li / ' 1 the f.am.lation I, shall abide iMUii. fut,. Gods temple ..'mv ,h, r' "], '!!^-' ..-.t MM.,<) ,h;„ if j, stand that tl„ „!....;, , ,he i , m and 1 h VpoH'; .lery test he shall receive reward (xer. , spir.t dwells in you a- , u h t - 1,' u'" I , '..f V . i> 1 — . ' i- , ■'• '^,.ll'>'.\v..rk Ilia! ean -land -iniMii;: an earthiv 1. iiinh- „.. -M },.- ,', 'h> ti...al tes,. I he Hre, ,!:at uil! have the „, death. il aiiy one destroys God's MMllhle'" "'-!"'" " ^ ♦rt''j'"*™«=**°" ''hall be his faTe at slMlihl, t,, .,-he^ „ u,,' he an , .,.e;:.,, the hands of God. The inx,:„...si,i,.n of .:.-id;n. .all ,„ ihe 'man hi^seuwiii ii"*T;;;tor"G:;d'^ .^irrhoi; ihi v-a,e, be saved, heeanse he i Chns- which are ye. Th - S^ o?,.«?r' Mn. Ills wi.rk IS ilim-v. hut he has .„ Mv refer- ra.lier to /,,,/v ,han to omX -a-t the ,r„e tonialatton. X,i,e ulneli would .nM-he a ret • t o,, /^^^^^^^^^^ the rhythmic balance hetueen these clattses H, Whet, v.e ask how ,C h i^^^^^^^^ 28 I COHIXTniANS. [( u. Ill Ci.-I. Iii-ii (,...1 ,1, l-r !!;. t(iMi.Ir .'I' l.-il uliuli /■•ii;/-;V >>' 111' iS I.it II" man (Iiimm- liiin-. ll. Il .my man ainiMiii V'n ^nitutli \i> \f ul-o in tln^ |. 1 Imui |i(r"iin- a ili-it lit may In- Ul-I'. Ml lor tin- \M-iliim 111 Ihi-' witM i> f..,,h-luH v Willi (mmI: f..r it is writti'ii, lit- iakr-|i ilic U1--C 111 tluir own iTrilliiU'-.-. I -'11 And auain. 'Ilic Lunl UiiMUith tlic lli..'i'_:iil- •■f l!ii wi-r. thai lluy .irc vain. .M I 111 r> i"ii- Iti ii'i man nU'ry in tncn; I'.u- all lliiiiL;- an- ymir^; WlulluT I'aiil. (ir Alii'Ili's. "f Cf- |ilia^. I'f tlif unrl'l, nr liU', or iliatli. or 'tilings iirfM'iit, or tilings to come; arc jiiiirs; .M A: .1 vc arc Christ's; and Christ is wllidi tlio cliiirrli \va> i-all< i! li -\ was iniptnlli il, \v»' art- ti'inpti 'l i" llimk mi -.u li iniiiMralilii - a- art' lU -i-i il" 'i lal> r iii llif KitiT 111, \ i>: lull. Ill llii^ iiiiili-M. till niiriiin' 1- iir^li.ilily in llu' M-iii-niatii' >|iir:l. ulii.li llinahiuil ilir ilmivh'- niin\. 'Iliis, .i> wi Ii.iM Mcii. 1- llic ri.il o.ir- nality (.vcr. jt. Those who. wiii-tlur liy party strife or iniin' rality, " dostroy " ilu- i liiin li, art- worse than thfiso wlm Imild li.nlly upon the true foiind.ilioii, .in'l tin n I itf sliall he more terrihle. ilu nm' "iiill escape tiiroiigh the tlames, the otiier shall he con- Miiiied hy them. 1 hi' Spirit (Ukuiius III,- t,7ciii<'».f Heritage (iii. 18-20. llii\v >;rievoiisIy r.iiil was vexcil hy tiu pain-aii spirit of the Corinthian eiiiireli i-- -lnwn i>y the earnestness ami frei|iuniy Willi whieli lie illustrates the error .''/i/ (v\ iS.' |i|i i- tiaiisii 111 ami i' - ri'iirc- snil.itiM - .lie doniiicd (11 M l lu- sl.iiid- ariN of the w i-rlil ami of < lod and, there- f, ,i, i.f I!;- .-"-ir,-!;. are tli.lll'etrioa' Iv op- p, . for the wisdom of this world is folly in the eyes of God. Tlii- contrast lia~ luiii ir.ipu'nilv iiiri with in the first Iw.i . li.iptcrv u-t i 1.'^. -o. itc). In his , :.|,,,i!ar\ ua\, I'.iul prove-, or at least, contirni- till- point, by an appe.ll to the I )ld 1 1 -i imrii! for it stands in Scripture I II m:.: J. 1!. \ I I t he 1 inl> .-ii.ii ;"ii in mi ji.li m llir .\'( w I r-l.iliHlU I uliicll .spe.ik- 1 i (■ i| a- "catching the wise in their cunning." and again I's.ihn .\ci\. 11. "The Lord knoweth the reasonings of the wise ( 111 ihe r-aliii of iiuiii) that they are futile." Their clever calculations turn out to be not only idUs hut ruinous, involving them in destruction; and if this he the end of their wisdom, it is indeeil a veritable folly 1 MT Hja I Some interpret this section -imply as a n lmke of cniiciit; but consid- iriii^; llu- clo-e connection hetween vv. JO ; ;ind ji ( w 111 1 ,U ; Lit him i^l'iy ill the Lord, li i> ,-ili-iird, he ar^iie-. to |.;lory in individual leaders: yoit are only thereby ob-ciiriii>; the real splendor of your inheritance, for all the leaders are yours, indeed all things are yours. .-V favorite maxim of the Stoics was that all thin^;s belonn to the wise man. and the s.iinr Imld cl.iim in.iy well have been often upon the li|i- of Corin- I thi.iii ( 'Iiri-tLins. lint if su. their sec- ! tan.mi-m -linwed th.il tluy did iii-t real- ii i- ihe full -we>-p of -mil a cl.nm \11 ihi- U.idir- luliiiiijcd til the :c/;,'/r chmch. lint each to a si-clion only. Vmi do not liiIoiiL' to tluni ("I .-iin Paul'-. 1 am I'e- 1,1'- " I liiit tlu y to vMii, ,-dl of tlu in to .1 \ . i whether Paul or ApoUos or Peter. .\ay. nut I'my niily. li'il the whole i m,-ilrri;il world — it i- your -rr\.iiit. cmi- irdiiilnrv to your dcipe-t interests: nay. lint the ni.iterial worlil only, but all the ni.inilold niysterv of human expcrieiKe, I life and death — /I'A', in which we .laye ! union with Christ, and denth which is i Rain (Phil. i. 21) by ttshcrinR ns into higher glory : n.iy. not the experiei.-e of I this life alone, but all possible experience tiirouRhont the infinite ajies. things pres- ent and things to comt. He sums up the I stupendous claim in the words with wmch I ( ninXTHIAXS. 29 CHAITrCR 4. I I. IT ,1 HI. Ill ,i.\'iM!ii! iif .1,^ , the iiiKiistiTs III I liri-l. and >iru.i!.U i llif invstiriis of (iml Miiroovcr it i-- r a \iTv -.inall lliitiK Jiiili;r. t liiat lit' iiiir. ii!i:iTi| it all things are yours .iinl iiiM.iiilly liilliiu- II u'iiiU lli'it I. ill lipi 111 ( iMiiiii i r. iiii I :i !: ki a lii'li I'l 1111 till- IiImc-: but ye are Christ's. I li<'> ■111- ' 'U iiir-. i!ir> .111- II. It iIm ir own. Ill,- uiiivi-rsi,- 1-, till II >, Inn ili,-y |i,,|,l II iiiic!t-r llu- |iiri!-lii|. oi Clin-t I lu-y an- iii.i^lcrs 111 all tliinus Imt IK- i^ iiKiMi-r nf llioni. ) r'K. lint sniiu- II, I _> 1 . Imt all i-t" you. air i'lllisl's. iii- ,|.i,s ii,,t bi-lnll!.; I,, yon in tlio >on-f in wliuli Paul. ami IVliT tin. hi-iu-i- His name i> nut aildnl as in 1. IJ aftir tluirs. And oviii Christ 1^ not His own: lU' is Uod's ( vcr. In what si'n. The Christian is tlie real iiia--- t.T of the universe; all things are his — all tliinfis in history and experience, in iimi .iiid -|i,i,e — lieiiiK wroiiyiit together for his irood h\ the God who is beneath and through and above tiiem all. /',7i(/ ll',ini.< llir t',.;-;iif/niiiK .l,:,iti:. 'lhe,iti'y jinimi!, lit w-iili ,-.,ii-..l- eniii,' si rioiisiy 1, ih.ii ,,t C liri-t : hiiiiiaii judgment is of ; ,-ry iillir ae,-,iiiiit. \\li,-ih, r the judgment of ,,||i,-rs ,,r ewn th.it wlin h a tnan p;isses upon him-ilf, l-inm this Jiassage, and still more el,:,rlv frmu ly 5. we can sec tll.it i'anl h.is h,-, n ih, .,|i , '1' of criticism. But to me it amounts to {'it) very little that I am judged by you or indeed by any human jiidginent i day 1 This curious plirase human Jay appears to be nguestxl liy "the day .if the Lord": It is Ilie d.iy when man judges as con- trasted wiMi the il.iy when tlie I.onl jiidjjes. I';ii|l -.vas alike imlilYi n-nt to tlieir praise iin.l lil.inu- nay ,.1 f,ir was he from caring for human judgment that I do not even jttdfe tnytelf. The spiritual man 30 I COKIXTIUAXS. [Ch. IV 5 'riicrri- jitdKf nc'lliiiii; L.t i.- tie tiiiu-, iniiil 'til' \.i<:A (-"IIk-. uln) Im.jIi uili liritiK t" ' ulii ill' liiililiii thiiiys (if ilark 111--, .ind \mI1 iii.ikc iiwiiiff-t tlio CDUii-iil'i of the in .11'- .111.1 tliiii !-liall every man luve praiM- "I (i": llial \ c iniu'lu I,. nil 111 lis II. 'I |.i tliiiiU I'/' mill .ili.ivf ill., I wln-li i~ Willi. 11, il < II.. ,.n.' .It you 111' piiltdl i;p t'.r ..11. ,ii;.i:;i~t .iii.>i1ht. cl.H'< intlod jiulm' all lliini;< ( ii I5>, '"it lie ilm s Mi.I l..r.i;< t lliat t. Iin^l juilyi ^ limi ; and Willi tiii^ liltiiiiale iiitallitile jihIkiihiH in vii u . he reooKiii/cs tile in.uli ijii.u y «.| the jiKliinu-iil i\ a i|". ~iii.ii wllelluT niM:'y >:i..ii!.l hr l.il.tii, a- ..1"'\<-. in i|s ..r.lin.n v. ..r m il~ iil'Ti' U rliiii>:i! sriis,., 11,.,-. I'.i!;! -;r,;|.:y in, .iii, " I .nn ii"l iii-lili. .1 l'\ lii.il ." .i|'l'i"^.il "'' ;., ,, li,.,. ■ 1,, I ..||,-, ,liit.. |ii ... if th.il I am II, n,„n I,'., 111. .'1- .i,..'- lu- 111. -Il- '• 1 •nil II, Mill, i! " 111 ill'- l. ' liiii'Ml ii-i' — "J'nl lii.l |i\ ih.ii :" th:,; 1-. "I •'«<■ iii> jnstihca- li,,i, I,. ( hriM, :iii.l n-t I" mv "Wn ^.H.d I', .lis, i.iii-i' .- " I In- ..ii'ur i.f the xv.irds (<"■'» f'l' Toi Tw 1 is xHiK vvh.'it in Limt uI the seiniid iiitt riirelalinti. hat the K' neral cii- tiNt r;ither .sn|>ports the tirst. In -I'l'c "i Ills la.idd coilscieiK-e. tluii. Paul will n..t jiid^e hinise If: but he that judgeth me is line hinher even than c. 'usiHiui', vi/. the Lord. I liat jndi;tiu i:t is still iiitiire and wi'l t.iKe iil.ue. Ii7/ril tlir l.nd cciiic ( \ iT, 5 ' 5. So then, as tlie triu- 1 n.|i;iiiiiit is 11. 1 hum 11. 1.11 .lume, li..! tha! uhu-li tlir "\\i..e" I ..riiitlnaii.s can pass. Ir't tliat wliir'i I'bii-I .•I'.'lle can pa-s. an. I as it lu |,.|i>.:s 11, ,1 |.i tin- i.'rs.iil hiU I" I'll.' IiMiT.. it is \\i-..ii^ "1 till- t'.irmiliMiis I., an: :, 111. lie it Ii\ pi I m.il'MT :ni,l 11, . . - -.n ' '^'^ , ,.. I :vi|. , ,,! til, ;r ..11 Do not llurel,'rr pass any judgment before the pr. I'. i time, t'l.ii 1-. until the Lord come, liis e.Miinm w is ,.11,. .,1 ilu- urr it artic'i's of 1, ,,:!,, ,:, ,1 w !i. 11 I le .-.•lire. I le w.nild >ll.nv 11 1 , , who will both throw light upon the hidden things of darkness and i make manifest the secret counsels of j the hearts. Here is a latent rehnke nf j tlie Mipertici:ihiy of Corinthi.in critieistn. : indeed of all limnan indunient. In the na- ture of the CISC il has \,, he h:ised npon I stcrii.-ils: it has to play np.m c,,rf u-,- thinv;s. it cannot see in the .iark. it c.ii:".'t pierce to ilu- he.-irt. I'.nt Christ, \\it!i Ih- sean.-hin« iielit :n'.t tire (cf iii i.li, will iiriiig out 1" ill' !ii;ht the thin«s that are hicUlen: »nd THEN the liti nit- praise will accnte to each man {rom Ood. Then -,ind not till then, for t hrist is the only , . iiiln !i I't iml^ie: ill.' C'oniilhuins weie ,t;inily ..f an iin-Chrisii.in impatience in iiidiSiiiK ''"nimii ..f t'iiiist. :'. slice would he d.,ne all i.niii.l: . ;, /( m,n u.,iil,l ncci\c ih,' I » 1 pr.ii-e, lli.il is. till pi.,!-f winch is Ins .Im . I he pr.il-.. u..::M c.iiie ;/,-)/; (,..(/. Willi snrli a c.iiiri.Iiiice aiiil siu'h an i.ii'I....k. it is 1 :isy I.I s, , th.it ihc pr.iisi- uv liLinie which ii;, i; nu U.I ..nl inc nilinu . as the (.orill- llii;,ns t.i tliiir I..ii!> 1. .mI. r^. w.is of very little account (tVuv'Jriu'. ver. .!>. Paul here adilresses to the O-rinthians the ^allll.lry nniinder that. tlioui;h the leaders are their .'servants (iii. -'Ji. >et they are .-ilso the serv.aiits of I liri-l 1 i\ I >, ;ind ill. 11 ill. r. l"r. , r..it tluy. hill C hrist, will 11,. 1!;, ;;Iini!;it. inline of their stew- ardship. He rtliukis at once the itnpa- tience and the superficiality of lininati crit- icism. I'hi' Royal C 'nu!!::irs ,111 J I'lr H'orthless . I," '. :in(l tli:it of \p..M..s. his cmivert ,iml tr:. ml If he c' li'l. iniu.l the M:irli-;ni spirit 111 this man- ifestation. It went without s,iyin)f that he would condemn it in every other. So Ch. IV] I CORIXTHIAXS. 31 ," l-'iT who iii.iki'lli ilni- to ilii'ur f'.'iH till llui and uh.it li.iM III. .11 that tli..ii i!. why ili.^l tliMii ^;li.r>. it 1I1..M hail>t tint ri'Oii\ 111 // 8 N'liw }«.• arc lull, innv \v arc ricli. ji- liavf n ijiiu'il as kiiiys uitli.iut aiul t.' .itit : I'l.r \M- .ire iii.i.li- .1 ^ix i tacle unto ill, u..iM. an. I t.. aiiui am! I., inril. Ill \\ !■ ii' l'. .. .i- lor ( In i-i - - ikr. liiit >!• air u!-,. Ill {. Ini-I , « i- ;//,■ weal,, bnt >f . '. -'i..!!-; ji- tin- lioiioiirablc. liiit wc .i>t' lU^pi-i .1 yi- nave ni^incil as kiiins uithont n,; an.l 11 l-wti unto tin, j.n -. ni hour wc 1 wimlil to (,..(! yc nally inlroihtceil by the word -ii-^paiTTai (cl. i.' JI. ill- "J). 1 hat some >uch text as Jcr. ix. j,?, already i|iioiiiI ill i. may he 111 l'aid\ iiuiid, 1- slroii;.;Iy ~im,L;rstia| hy the next cl.iiiNe : that. as individuals ye may not be puffed up for the one U ader and against the other (\er. (ii. I'aiil amiN ;it de-iroymi; tlu' c. .rceil eiii;eiiilered by parly >inu . 7. I limine: in iniayniali. .11 t.> an iiuli ('"I, I'. I'd ..-iv-, liiin : Who is it that marks you off a- man or Apollo-' man: ( )r lliv Uoid- nM\ in. ail "Til :i7i.'i;i (/.) \,ni I'W your ili.\:;r.t: n ' (l~ it Hot to (iod;) " IK- ^ tIiroi!:;h yonr irailur- 1:;!. (1- And if It be a fact that 1 '. u . you received it, why do you boast, as if you had not received it? 8. lie touches now, in an ironical vein, upon the tliinj;> which they •■li.ave," all the nii^re •.tintjnii; that he has already (!e- Tilled them a^ inf.ints tm. 1 >. So' you are already filled full, are you? wealthy already, are you? you have entered upon your kingdom without any h.lp from us, have you? '1 he-e three' clan-. - may he read either as i.\clam.ition-. or a- jnr- foiiv; the former i- lu tii r, a- li. i.;!iletiiiii; ihe irony. lie ll.ail -].. .'kin -iii..:;-K oi ihiir wialth in i 5, luir he -pi.^N- var- .■i-luali.. 'Iluy licluvid only too llip- ''^■ ■1> 'hat a'! lliMii^- ui re theirs ( ni. JM ; : '\ l.'. 'k ' .. . li'..'lii lii .irti d .:i eii-\v i>f tli'.'ir I hi: 11.111 . .libe.ili. '11-. llii-y ilid n..t reali/e ■ill .iii-!iiit> of -ir\uT The Mi'-~'amc n'.^.l..in !i:id already eoine, .-mil tluy wire -iitin^ liKc kin'.i- np.iii their tlir..iu-. wealthy .and -ati-tied. »|i>>? i> very emph.it- ic: already! so soon! Note the perf. ^f^n,)»lJ^,,/■m I'.i r> . in .-, ,n, 1 1 1 1, ,|i ,,f .,.,ti, l\: ;i..i f ;i\iM rijitiirf. (,((1 .fi iT.iTf. points to ihe -nil ! I u !i, n lii. > I. mild llinr w i .iltli kiiiL;d..in. I lie i. ly ..i ilir Li-l e'.iii-e I- i-peeialiy .-ad; joii ii,i\e heconu k ii-- W nil. .lit !•- ; U |l\ , \ , ... U I 1:, . : X \\ have hei'ii ('liri-ti.in ! i. i Yes. lie !4oes ironic. nly oii, 1 only wish you had been kings, that -o, l,\ \:ii ., . , lorlnnate a--. .11,11 mn wilh n.iii, we too might share in your kingly rule. 9. I'.nt ;il;i-! we ;ire lar en..!i...;ii t'r..iii -itiiiii; on thrones. Von lonnthian- iii;iy he rich an.l roy:il, but it 1- \ cry dinereii't "I'll 'ii-: we ;ire like cnmm.ds d.ioiiu l ! . .: , For. methinks. God has exhibited us the apostles ( ■ ilu r- ;i- well .1- I'aul him-elt', iho'iL;h the i..!lowinK \ ■■ -' n^ 11. r,- — hi- :itirihnl, - to the " _w I-,- " ( '. .nr.tliian- a .-ii. ,n w -ih I'hri-t. of wha-li li. -.i\- iLi'li'im when -pi akiiiR of Imn-eli. We are weak (< i. ii. \), but ye are strong: ye are glorious, but wc I ( iUaNTIllANS. L*'"- .i_ i.a-,.N. M.^^: , . ; ^ ^^^^^ »i r!. .l. \'.< It ■ W lu r. tut.- I Lfstvcll Ik- ><■ „.,,;i.- ..- !:..■ 'IM' f tl:.- ^^..r;.l. ./^n/ .| r .j!,, ,,„-,■ liavr I m ml \ "1. 1. -1 -.1' 1 ' . ,1 i ;„ cl ri-l a- I U-.kU >-\cry wli.n- iti .v ry .,w- IM! t are in disgrace. 1 lu ..nl.-i ..i th, |.r.. ^ ■ 'Vr''-'!',''f "l!:u''' 14-J6. S,N.-n- a,..l l.n .■ ;f u.-a- t!.. '7",'"" , ,,.„ „r .!•>,,„. a,-.- t.. n,i.l.-,,t.m.l n.at la:,l- "■<■ l"!"^^"- 'l'-'"r-"-' '- ■ ,1,. ; .■,1,,- I ..ni-.-ln,,,,^ :. ■< t.itli. r. ai„l tlu is In- ..ttii . xi" I ."'.'•>■ iiM! i:<- 11..- II. .1.1 i,iii:.-i-lv :i.i,n..niii.>ti to tlicm. ... M.-w. ill- 1-. ..- a « «..;;•••■'» »>•-.';••; !:.!„.■ tlm,^- t.. -I.;...,.- tlu-ni ;i si. ril I'Ht- I, 1 ' ' ' ... 1. 't II. ■! til. -'• I'll ' i''"'."" ^' .S:rKo.ne, wor. ;,a^ to t^ ^^.^sj v," ; • " with our owti hands: ... ,\vt- .'•|^|;;;;;; ,,,,, 1 1. Abut* *e ; l-.a.l b,.l m, ,„,. ,1 lu-M- t.-.-K-li.T- . rr'!,,,,!':" \vuh bless,,;,: perse- mam. ..-n th. >!.,w- n,.^ i-^^. .-■.■ir.-; ,.| entreaty. ... <- Iin-l conn- i and tliir ■ ,.. ., •.. . ,.,..„ s, ;-, ,1 , 1 ,:k.- \i .\nd;.T "tir rcuard --rd .., For ,l„s ,,n,>„u- .I,-.ni.u..n .-l^i^r. therefore. I beseech you. become /■,,-.v.-ii/ lii.url. it \\..nl,I s.ii.i a ,, , |, .,,;,,,.„„ „, p.,,,]-, ,„;„i. l.nt in d.-cd. u.,s -nlT.-nnu foiii -'im- ^ ' J " ' ' ;. , ' n idv siittVr siioh iviin and .,,,,1 .rnuv-:"". «. r. a!-., j"''';;: . -| h.-,, IS ,..-1 o,,.- staiidani of d,i.y :n,d ,n,...n,i,L; pdlui- i„c.cral>li lu n i„n,:it,.rs of Inni ! 17. I'.-, ill was s.i ,iin.-li in t-artu-^I in , , ,.,,,1 1, ,s ,„ nl.- 1 1 i- <'u--i'-<' 1ll•^t llH-y sli.mlil U-ani to iniit.itf '■;,..':Mi:,'"-,;:n::rn.,',;,|Vhat is why I.>«ve sent you Timothy a,-d ^'^^-.s i who is my cwd. ^bewed and^^fauMui ,„ ...„,^ ,„„„,,, a,...-t!.-. vu-;„n of ; n the Lorci , . ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ .-ahnnnv an.MnM,!, ha. .a- |vh.a j r •,,,"■„',; „„, hi.hc-t ;:-::ii;n:is ora.^''' id:;;;' - "u'is .iii-Vth.^ i.a,d .,o.dd ..tu (11. I\ J I ( (ti;iN riiiANs. iS \. A nil .111 jintTiil mi, J- ih.iitxil I U I ■llKi I li •! . I .Mil '. i Jiill II) I'.IM I UlU (OlIU- t.i \.iM ^Imlllv. if tin- I.I. Ill ui'l. ;inil vviil l.rnu, ih.| llu- ~1» I . li lit llu in wliK'li arc |iiuuil Imt tlif p'lucr. I .11 I- ir till' kiii«i|iiiii i)f li.ul is not in 1 Wntd, I'lll 111 iHiVNtr. -•I \\ h.il will \ -Ii.ill I oiiiiio iiiito I Null With a ti'il. "I 111 lo\f, am! in tlio i --[111 II 1 it mil kilos a hi-L'-.ctl I.I lii.. /',/i.;,./ ./iiVi/ii)! (\ir 141: aiiil iliK cliilil i~ line who will put you in mind of my ways that are in Christ ilu-ir imiuIiui that t'u> Ii.ic! Ii ii i;i illiMi itioxi- \va\-. ami I nnotliy w I mill rriiiiiul iIk ih nn >1. iiihl by i.-xaiii|ik' uill a- li\ |ir. inaiiiii T 111' lil'i . \M ri' ill ar iiril.iiur \s' 'i In-, tr.uli 11^. liny wm- - :. ;i as I teach iinl •".\\\ ..1 riitiiiili. Ir;t everywhere in every church. .S.i till- liiiiiamU l:r III. 1.1 ■. !■;.'!■. and llu- slamlal'il lif i'it. the I'mMi- tlli.iil illilU'li. ..rr Ili't --pui.il .nil! ]n-i.":!i.ii On \ .irr ill. ■ .lU !:,■ I'-lil- li.'i'uri- ai! ilk' ^lui'ivlir-. 18-21. .Xpiv.in iiili I'. I-:"- Mi iin- iif I'inii •! !i\ linl 'ill - ■;i>i ■ : t . ( 1 n ii ; iinii- 111 Ik!u\l ill, It lie u.i~ air, mi In l,iii lluin liiiii-i ll: I'll! ill' |iri'Hi|)lly ili^.ii'U-t ^ ilu 'i iiiiiul of that iiloa. Under the impression that I am not coming myself some have become puffed up a i(iiiiiiiiiii i.niim; i.i' tlif Corinthians (vcr. 6) ; but come I will to you, ami iliat vrry soon, — thi.iinli In- arranm< In st.iy at I'.iilu-iii-. till ;ifUT I'l 11 tcctist i> over [\\\. f<) — if the Lord will (i-|'. \\1- 71, lie. mi wliir.,- \\\\] .ii: iriiii.m aitimi i- II .iiUMU" 11! Ill Jaiiu-' n 131. it IS (littiiMilt 111 ^ay wliillui tlii- will lure i^ that nl CliriM. uli.i i^ rli, I., id in mt, 1;, iif III (ii'i! Il l, I. I I. And. ,1^ -I'l'ili'al f.iili' r 111 'ill' (', .riiitln.iii I'luiii li, with re- gard to those who li.uv liiii aiiij still are puffed up ijii i t i. I will take cog- nizance not of their words naily I ill I i,. l,.ii! .I'u.is^ rniint;:i ni' ili. -i- mi i .:iil - but of their power, iln 1 1 ,1. ■ \i 111 For II 1- In I ilii- I. ' . ■ . I ■ ,• mi ll lit ^pirir mI ]■ ,1 w ' , . . , , ■ , kni.;li.ii! I I tlie kin^;doiTi of God does not rest 1 1 in talk, but in power. What will ye lii.i pn; | .mi ••"iir.m: :r .\ , • . .1 • •„ • yw |.i v.iy li 'u !.-> it armcii with a rml ■ 1 I I 11 that I am to cotiie to you, or in love and a sjiirit of gentleness? I .?r v.milil I'l' /i',- .■ iti . ihi r . .i f. !..r In i-, tlu-ir lallur 1 vcr. l.^i. ami llir li mil thai wn'Iilril tin- rml \M>ii!i| 1m- a lallu ili, h.in,! : liiit lie i|iii--l |i 111 1^ wlii-lliiT that lu\e .^liall > \iiri.~s itbill m cliastiM-iiu-iil ur gentle- ness. 34 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. V TllK SOCIAL MORALITY ol I NK CORINTHIAN CIlL ULll ( v-\ ii ). ( II \ IM I K = rcii..il. '1 III.-- I In- (li'iitili -. |f;itluT'> "III.'. J Ami M- iliat oiu- I.s f. C.llM ■ t iiii'.it ; II .1^ I 1, |iiitYi tli.'it ll lip. illlll ll.lM' lll't llf lll.ll ll.llll fllMIC vuli furiii 'r.illuT m..iiriu rihintU in"i.il liU' ••! ill ,1:..,,, .11111,11. ullU-ll. -.11 ^..UU' ..I IN l.'V.I- „ , !,,„ , n..iii.;li ; .iinl lli<- III u. ji. 111.- .il>M-tU- |I.r.;it.ii> 1" t" ,n. 1^ -.v'n itit> !liHil''<' , ,. 1,, :i .-iiv .MiniiU-trly i;iv»'ti "^'T w.i^ t -i mil I" ^1 ■ 111,- I \ , 1111- 1. ilu' l-ii'-*' I , , I l. il. r I.. Ill,- .liM-ii-!..ii M Mial ivl.ili..i,- ) sliiiw anil -ill. i- iM't -mvr-.-uyj:, an-l it | naliiral that t!li> I'art -1 ill-' l-H'r j hv iiitn..lii>v.! liy tlu' (Ii-,-n^^i|'ii ..t _:i |- ,i - i ti. iilarK tl.ii;rant ..flni-i- There is act- | ually a report of fornication among you yes i*."! and fornication the like ot which does not (exist* even among the Gentiles nm-N. that a man should have, uiu ilu r :i- u ilo or r- -u. i.hin,-. his father's wife. IVnil i~ iii.h^'iM'H t!'-'' 'l'^' CliriMiaii , lii'iali ' '" ''.'V \ i-v.'ii 111,- -laP.l.'.vi "I tiH r.m in wml'l. | :iii,l u,- in-iv .a-;iiii. tli.it tliN a.;I or a1 | :iii> lal,' l! , iM.lill, r,-ii>a- il n-'l -.il i- f.i'-t loii. ^^ ^ont ihi- <■,-,,„.- il-.-Il ill, r.- i- luiK'li tliat 1- ol,>.-iirf. \\ Ill,- t.itluT'- wiiV till' "laiis "\vii ii„,t!i,r or 111- -tcpiiioihor- .\liiM-.t r.-r-- t:in,K III.- l.ti. r. .a- tin- w.ml w.'thrr wouM .■. U.rn'v h.iw Ihvii di,'M-n to I" -ml Ha- l,,,i i, -r of til,- i-riiiH-. T>ill that tlu- criiiK- XV 1- li. riiM,- .noimh i- indicaHal hy the us.- ,.f tlu- i.hra-v, tlu- fatlu-'S t.;/.- in pref,r.-ti.-.- '.n -.u-pmothiT \-miii wa- 'li'' woiii.iii a riiri-li.-m nr not ri..1' ;li'.\ ii'-i. as Paul's ili-ci|iliiinry jirojio-al- ar.- ileed," "he that hath wvimht till- ihitiK." do tint i«iiiit de- ei-ively in either eondemii. ,1 I.s ( ;r. . k. Koinall ( «'W«. o-.:-lil -ill.!) l" li,,\.- -ll.., K. ■! -i-ii-ili\,- I liri-ii.iii opir'"" |;,it til,- I'. .1 iiillii.aii ,-li:ir>-Ii. wlu llu r .|-u--- . Ill ,1- .1 re- 1. I'.nil ,i| the I '. .rill- .1 l!a- lai- ni.ii.il ' .n\>-r!- II . >iii !i- i.t uhai w wa- n I'V hr..ni;lit p.maiii-iil, or - llU..lviil 111 o\,r h ol nil-' ., , I , t liii n.iii lih.rU. wa- not ia~i!y -lioi-keil. As for YOU ( ' A"'* I ye are puffed up, in a -!,,!. ..f inll.ilion (pirf. rrn'„aiunti-oi ioTf), .1 -lau- app.irrntly elironio t,i the Corin- iliMii- (iv. fi. li^^i. I liinsi- must have lieen l,,,l 111,1, 111 It the I'urinthi.iii* were piitfed !-p l,\.iUM- i-f the crime. This is not (initc iiiilio--ihle, as such a crime would be the lu-t proof that they me.iiit what they -aid wlieii thev claimed " liherty " t'"i ih. ni- -, Ives a- (."hri-tians. I'.iit it i- n l n. > e— -;iry to suppose this, and the (ire,k i.n-e (unlike i-toaiult-naav, in iv. i- lallur :i'.^ain-t it. 'I'he m>aiimi; may -itniily he th.il the crime w.i- ,i,a-ompanieil hy (not that it produced I ;i U . liiii; .'t iiulalLai >.ii the p.irt of the church A- the iu \l clause sn.^.^,-i-: iii-tead of h.'iiiu -orry. thev maiiiiaauil ihi ir -tau- "i iii''.in' ai. And ye did not rather fall to mourning ( i.>i ' .■„,,1. ,n \.air luanuii,-,-. i.iK,- -I'l'- that the man who wrought this deed be removed from your midst- hy th. m-fhe-. .a- v.r i.( -how - ; in oili, V uor.i- th.ii In \<- ex- iiiiniimii-ale.i i in r, i- -. .ni> t.. pr,---ive .an,l -oKaiiii .ah.Mit the f. .rnial allii-ion t,. the man in vv. •• llu- one who h.-nl < I |i.,--i!il,- — .and -oiiH i , ,f or \ i. 111. ir,' n.it nral 1. nihil' • me tin- tiling." ft ariine, from the u.sc -to read this verse interrouativeiy : are ve pilflfed up. and did ve not rather moinii .■• " Cii. VJ 1 ( OKI NTI HANS. 3.') 3 Fur 1 M rily. as absent in Imily, but I siurU, with tho powi r of mir U>ri| Jisu* present ill ']<\nl, li;ue jiKlKiil alninly, as I lirtst, tlioiiuli 1 were iirist-iil, Kiiiii-niiiin hitn 5 I'li ilfli\r tlie «li's>riifti>>n ut tin- lK-.|i. ili.it tlic 4 In ilu' iianu- i.f iiiir l.tiril JiMis Clirist, pirii inav In' >.aMiiii 17UI /Ki . for I on my part, absent in the body but present in the ■pirit — that spint which was ilhitnitiatt'd tlirmiKh a'-sociatinii with ihi- -pint aiiil iiiUM-r i>i tlic Luril Ji-mis (ver. 4 I have already come to a de- cuion. as though I were actital'y pres- ent, with regard to the man who' in this way perpetrated this cnnn iv.r ,\>, hfhpiKa sri Mis lu coniliine two i ' .n-trmi loii^ : 1 have jiid^iil tins man, ami 1 li.iu 1/, - i'iili'J to ililivtr siR-h a imk- to S.ii.iii {napiwoivai. \,r. ;i. 0\w wi^iilil li.irdly I s|iri-t I'.imI 1.1 jiiil'^i :i iiKin irii hi'.ir-.iy (tifconr.u. \cr. 1) i'\ i.lfpi-c : iiilur \w rv- >;.iriN liiiii-ili a- -pi i i.il !_\ > 11. luhu ii- .1 llii.>UL;h III- a--i H.1.1I11 111 Willi {air) \],^- -p ill iif Jv-u-. "I. a- Waiii-.iy -a\-, " tin- U'TiK "1 lla\r llhlm'.l hull' il.i ll-a llll|.l_\ a li. i;al j udj^iiu iit. Imt an i 1 --i. in ,.| I'iiiir- M|iini.Mi (111 a null- i.p.'it •<{ tin- It niakr- litilv liiltiTiiuT ulullar \\i iaki' uis napwf 111, an. "a- Ili.'ii.Jt actually lirc^cnt " or "a- I'cin.: pn -int " (that is in spirit). Does ofrwi (thus) mean 1I111-. -Iiaim fiilly, or Christian though he lit' liy piiifi ssioii 4, 5. PaiiTs decision is Riven with great di lilkratioii ; clause I'ollows clause with iiii- iisiial soleniiiily. and the reader is held in hrcatliK-s siispiii-.- nil tin- latelnl word TT ipa,"ioi i cti j- ri Mclicd. 'I'liL- jiidKinent is, in the name of our Lord Jesus, when you have gathered together, and my spirit, in association with the power ot our Lord Jesus. TO DELIVER HIM THAT IS SUCH TO SATAN. 1 he phrase //;, ihiiiu- ,il our Lord Jesus may .m aininalu ali v ;.;ii t illii r uilh " iralhcrv d " or " iK lucr " : siiiiilarlx till' plira-. :,///; //i,- powr of our I 01,! Jrsns. Ii -.11-, on tin- uli"K-. ln'-t t" take till- lilt, r para-c with " pallirrnl," ;iiul the |..rnh r unli "■KliM-r," i lu .li- ci-i-ii i- in lla iiaiii.- ot" l. -n- il. li\i r Iiini I.. Satan, alter the (.'. .rintliiaii- liavi- a--i iiililid with tin- -pint ..f tin- ali-. iit I'.i^M ill .1 - 1.1 i 'I I vsiiil iii.il .'! i.-lt'. Ail tliiiii;^ were to be done hy Cliri-ti.iiis ill the n.mie ot llie Lord Je-11- i(' I in 17) forliitvi act-; of snch Kr.i\e and ^■'lenin iniport.ince ( cf \ct- 111. '1; tin- utterance of the name of je-us ua- proli- ably believed to summon His presence and p. IT ( Act- III |o , ll 1 , i|. .t tp:i',- , '. .ir \v ia ill. r 1 li»' |i!ir,i -e ," ., .■■ , ' y.-v/n e".- •.■iii-. l\ Willi (/IV .'f 'it. iiiip!\MU tli.it r,iii;\ spun w.i- -ii-t.iin. .1 and illa liaiie.l i-y ii.x. , J, ;/,■,•>( ,■,,■;/( llie -pint ..i Je-11-. (ir wliellur It iliiplie- lli.il ill.- p.nM r o| J1-11-. a- a -ep.ir.iti' eiililj, 111. 1. - peiidenlly present (yon . . . and my spn it !. . . to^cllu r u tih the power of Jesii- 1 It is mterestiiin to note the import. nice \ li. re ;itlaclied to the cotnoeatioii of ilie 'I mill! Ill .■Imrch: tlii- is one 01 tli,> i.k- ' •1- ill tile deci-ion. 'I he c. .n-titiii ion of tlie cinircli i- what u.- inulit .'.iM cUin- .'cralie: lli. \ !m\.', a- w. in \.r \ \, I'm- ri'-:!it .mil the d'lly lo kn p tlhir iiu mi- 1" 1 -iiip pine. 5. ll i- uorlhy of note 1I1.1I I'.eil d' 'CS , imt ai ti!a!!\ -ay tli.it lie d. ei.l. - ii> hand tile c;;lprit o\ei In Sal.ili ; Imt r.u' rmoi ror. Mu li ;i one. a 111, m oi llii-> km.!. \\ li.it i> til. ■•111! !■> ■■ .Ii i:\ . i iiil; .1 iii ni I., ."s i'.!)! " • W .■ lu re ti.'uli .1 i K. le of iil.,i-. ll. it i.e. i- li!y 'eiiiiiiil ii> that we .ar.- re.i.lniL; an . .ft.-K nt .!■ I 'vtr. ni. Sal, in 1- V'> vu .it .ul- \er,-.iry of d-i.l: c iti-.ipuiUij -ickiu -- and 'II-.- I ' .a- . \ ll ' iiiii'^-. .r I- oil. 11 a-. -I li .-.1 to liiiii. It u.i< II. wlui lii-.iimlit c.il, unity an.l lepro-\ npi'ii |..li 1 I. !. 1. 11 1. an.l uh.'i had '■ bound " the w. 'in. 111 wlu'in .Ii -iis lie.iled 111 the syiLiKoyiie on the S.ililiath d.iy (Luke .\iii. lb), [he sinner is lure delivered t.i Satan for destruction of the flesh, ami liuse illintrali.>ns shovv that ^iich a w. Ilk Would be peculiarly coniienial to Inni. loirtlur. the siranne ;iiith..nty cl.iitiie.l !■> till ,ap. istle is p.iralli'U-d ei-e- " •I.: I 1 > 1 1 i. ti.u iiN .and .\!t \.in.l. r .ar.' -iniilarly delivered (jra()iiW/,a 1 t.i S.it.iii. ili.it they may lie disciplined ( i Tun. i joi. 111. p. wer uf an apostle'- w.a.l i- li' i-- t! ;i>.l |.\ the st. ries of tlu- i,i!,> ,,t Ximui,, ■.■■■■\ S ;.!:!■■:: . \.-<- \ 1, ..11 ! lilnidn, tli.it fi .1 up. .11 l.'viiia- 1 \. t- Mil. Ml: -o tlii^ .iiidjtii. Ill i i i'.uil 1- t.i 111- cmii eived ; a- c.arrMii- |i..teiicy Mi it r'.--il)ly, Ii.iwever. a- K.iiii-.iy si u..^e-l-. lli.' me.ii'i- I "111^ iiia> il. i. -- I.triiii.-: li'.' piir.i-i 111. ly III. t'.iriiuil .111 the aiiiloyy ..t ilu' I'.irmiit.c ' liy w liu li a dri-. k. who had 1" 111 w r. .in,'.-.!. -.1111. time- " .'Mii-i'^i'i .1 tile .'riiimi.'il t.. ih,' (io(l. .'ind 1.11 til. t'lini-lmii'iit in In- m- llicted hy ilntiie power ... If then -iih- secpiently befell him any bodily sufferinj?, I roKINTllIANS. [i n. V „ s.:r ..!".v.V... " I K:..A .,!.........! !'■•'■ --n Chn.t our iw,^ ,1 . I ,,, I. . . I -.1. ritu . .1 !• 1- '111 ^ 11, r, I. r. l.t 1-"!' 'li'- ""' >• •• •' ■'• •' :;;.:.■.■.;:„..! '...„/ ..f -.„.-, r.u .n.i!.. t.' ,„",],.,;„. I, ,.'si„.n,,i . II. so then let u> keep the fes- '•■ *■';,, ''•.,,.',;':„ ' ! ■«.,!•..,.,. n tival. W. .: 1 - - ' ' . I ■, . ,. , 1„. h.iNr li. . II Ulill. II .ill"'" I'.l--.-.. 1 lull.. that" tlic '.pint ' .■ii. t i,-t. sM -Ml .nn.-.- tlirv-- may he saved ii. the day fin. "i^ --tual - a-n i.. • l ..111 ..i 1. Ill niay i)e saviu n. ■ ■ , ■ " , i i , i i ,, '^'V'^'^'; ^ ' - oid ie^e;;;';::.;,.,;, V:;: '" I v. ',.l'.',.„ , I, •,...,„. I IV,- r-i.!li;...i. fr..:i. ill- >. ■••1 l-.Ual. lit., nor li',,,, 'in ^u '^^ il.. -ntaf. u'n- with leaven of evil and wickedness, ; '"o' l.;V.'u"-.i .. V, ,1 an ulhiiM-. ...n- iiHli.V,''! V, i'l . . ' ■ i , hut with , ■ |.„;- ,, ■ .( ,.1 -.tic --f the unleavened bread ol transparency ',•,'!.,,.' this iilu'vuiK of yours is nut and truth. It Iia- 1 - . n .-■■i-.-l il-.it ";;;;„;'l K,;.^::'i.c ..'r m. l- that a ,n„l,,-,an,l,i,. ..f M- ,-nw..n. U-...,-. uhu-U little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? !■<• ik-w pn.ciH-u i-- .li-iu- I Ik lump 1^ tlic CliMMi.m c--iniMnnii> . >il, it i- i' f Ii.iM-n' I- ii til' -1" -li -i'f'' " '1 , . . , , , ir.ipli. -.1 C.rintl ,... T'.i. .liin,-, int.. tli, t ,.ru„ln,a, .liuich 1 „ i.-ral !U:U i.-i il ■> Imi'mI I'^Ih '..-..n I i. ni-t^i i-UmN „ ,,,„.;.l ^Ti,'. 1.. ta 'I , n.! .,n ■niiu-nl- ..I 11. r iiMiil.. r- 111- --M '■" ' '■ ■ ,11 ,! • 1. •• ..f pa-4..nMii. t' . -r nn-ciuM.- |, ,,| ,a .,.-|,M - a\- all .11-1 -..I ••' l-.i- ni.~..., ... •■■I ;V.,1, |„ ,„., a.. - ■ l. -i.l.'- ! "1 t'.- CIiriMian .M.nn., o,„,l ,„,■,! t,> • ,| „ ,.. 1,. l.,l..i, ,|-.,nni,.: V u'- - lar . .sp;:!!!. tm' ;"'VI"". I I' ,1,, I, i,,'n :-, .,. vr .'^ -ul-j. ■-. li> ' ik> - ill-' rlmrrli aii.l t-p> ,-ially htT nm-t ,\ ,V,.,Ml,,;','ii'. 1. th r an.l .kpra\ii\ --l lli-- < ^■■n-\'W\u^\\^ siiiiirr 1 iiiihi.iii- lli.-iii^t '\ , ^. 7.8. (■..ii--.Kriii--; then tlu- (l.iii'J- r »,. t' ■ -, , ,,• ,,■ n , I it-,- Mit ]. . ,, . i' , It V. - ..i-Iv ,-..aa: : I. hiii j: In.- II ."(,/ .) I .it,i Ml.s- ,. , • d'-anse out the old leaven i,r/,/.).-i'ii free'from leaven ..|' particular . I I ' >■ u - i., n • ■ n .nil , I km.l V ,- i.r..,.f rU.r. ^^■u .r,-. tlr-I .-a-.-ni. ..! -I"-'!' ■ "'''^-''^ -'^ our passover land, has been sacrificed, tliiat.. a'-nt .il.r .•.•i-lr.-t , ".'J'^:; even Christ: aii.I in-t .i^. accnr.iin-.; n. .rn;.ai. n l.i-.- ' flTr\|o" la,; I •s-.-l i--t>. MH r'. an -nluppi!-- inqii.nt Ii^nr.- -m tlu .Icrihc ..fli.. pa-..v,r,..-r!. ..-a,- -tr..,. ( ■ nmh. lie COmM lurdiy be fa. \ J 1 rulilNTIIlANS. I) I uruii' in.Ni V M 111 an i|ii-.tlo iiiri m I ' 'PIM 1 n w v \\ !■ •niii .r . .] - . I \ < I .li'' ' ..I r u nil till' t. 1 Ml I c.lI.m- ' t till- .r wii.i liif iiiMt,, i.r 1 I'lur-. i.r willi I '-'l.iiii-. t'T I mu-l >i lunl- u'l I. Ill "i till \v<'rlii. II r.'il 111 US I !;,! .. \\\ ■ ' nut' • > • ,i < !i '1:-. "r .111 nil ■ t . '■: .1 : ~ ' ! . ■ •! .k • 'r'!'li..ll ■!. • I .1.1 .-.!••'.■:.!. .-. • ; ■ !« !l ,1 1 .hi 1; ' : • ' |. • 1 .r I I.r « ll.ll i .l . , I • .;, , I, , ; :, ,[;.,. •II .tU.i lii.il .III ui'lii'iit ilii IMI ye llii III 1 1 :.it .ir. »\ i: ;i 11 I'.llt llUIll ti.lt .111 A\illMllt tl'.il "hUi'Ii. Ili. it li.rr |i-.:t .nv.iV IfiMII .lllliiiiu'. vi'iu-il.ii tli.it ^irkiil inr^i'ii .ixi'iiKii; uli.tt \v;i^ t" In t'r jttitndt iif I . .11! I ii lil. mill 1 > |. . i: ■ ' . :. 1 : .. 'ii ■ llii-i |);i->ii;i' .t|i|iriii>i I . ; i. ••<".'-\^- .lu l.i -i V'. ill. h .Ii il' W ' > v.,:-.. ! . 9, 10. I wrote to you i "i m ili - li-lt< r I v\ . J, (i. I V t A.iiii|i > , :ii 11 It in tlif let tfr not to a^iiMn- li.ivv >ii|rii i-i . , 1 ,1 ir.miiutit "I tllr 'rill I ,i ■ il 1 - ' 1 ■. ■ . • 111 ( i ir. \ i I t 1 II 1 . Ill -' * ' I \ 1 I II fi I ■ .i|i|i.i 1 1 III i I, 111 I I I ii ill .1 1 111 c-c nil lltli'.il \Mtii that i; 111 luTf III Ih,- i.l- I. r. ill- lliiiiiclit li.i nil .riii;..^ ui . ■ li .iilviro wa- |>l.iiii nil tin- l.uc I'l it m cuiiiu II (I did) not at all imean> lutt they wiTi- to have tn 'lli ii'.: I ■ il" with the immoral people oi this, li .a ; . ' . i Clui-ii iii. world, or with the greedy and rapacious inni' c!;i--, utuliT niii- ariivli-' Tun till- " .ill ihi' nn-iTii|ii:!iii:-ly ii \ii i~i or with idolaters. That whmUI 'iiiii .ill- :i.l. ii.r tU'i rt.i-"!i- li) 111 .r:-i I M ill ' iiu il with ^niii |ui.jiir, .iinl I'lc .iiiiii.itv li'-iiii-- III iiiii^t ii.u f im ■ K I il ]HM |M I M il . I t I. t w i; i! till-Ill ; ;inil 111' Iki'.-ih-i' ('liri-i .iirii • ii iiiil\ iii- lll-l lli-c -i.lMi ty liy i iiht.irl \^ ill 11. i;i ri- .i!;.iili, ;t liti il iiM\ 11, u ili. ; ,1 : Ml : . 1, , iMi tlie wli.iJc luiiip III' M.;i Mil l.iiki' Ml. ^ ;i !i .|i'., . I . ij!, 11, . ■ : I. i. I ll ' M I . • , ffir in that . ,l^e. you would have had tn leave the world. II. But as a matter of fact, uhti 1 ii.iliy 11.1.1111. will 11 1 wrote to yuu, > ilii>. I he uiiril- iii.iy ei|i;,ii!y ue!l im l>iil tiii.\' 1(1 .mini .ill mi-iiii(!er-t.inil -/ r,r;/,- t,i yua nut t'l, etr. i the m. ■•.I'li il I'lii^tdiary anrist). In t itlier ea-e. « h.it !'aiil ine.int dir iiii mm tU\- if a man bearing the name of i hiM^tmn brother. •'!;!! i-. a ;-.'h !!'. Mb. r he given to im- morality, cr greed, or idolatry, or abuse, or drunkenness, or rapaci'v. yoa are not to associate wit^ that ' of an nor even to eat with him. I ! i |i mi'\ i i the . il 11 1 h iMM .1 hi |ii I -iM \ , I ! ,1 , ....!-, .iinl .1 I' Ml I 1 11'! -, Willi ill ;i III I I .; - I . |.r. i \ m II ii ll.ll> .1. 1 . . .1 ii. 1 II., M ■, . w 1 I I . h. 1, pi in!" i| . 1 M y u . ! I ill 1 .1 1 II 1 - . ; liy :ii i, nr.,- I| ihi> e.iliili n;iu nl -ip- i;im - m- .i ii.il liliiiili^e lilt" 'lie ei ini|i"~ilii III ' ' I '. i.j. i: • I I ;. -M !' ,M ! I I'ur wuat huMiiCM^ is it et mine tn jiuinc those that are outside? 1 .i ' .i ■. 111 I t M 'It ill. - Is that not your own practice ii -i<>fi to judge those that are mside, while of those that arc outside iMi'liir villi, iii.r I. hilt God is the judge I f.,ri -1 lit tii.iii fiitiiie. '■»•"<"). 1- till re .1 ti'iieli (It ir.iii) in tile ;.'ir,i-. "ye jii.'.L-e lh..-e lli^t are vMlliin"? III ill. ll.e.4r.i!H. k-.rf-r iiii-.ii whieli I'.iiil prn- ii 'iiii. i , -II hi.i\y ,1 1 Mih iiii 'il iv\. ,5-51. -.. i.ir Will iii.> Ili Mil 1 Mih^ui- It that tficy I l v.inii li w ■ !; 1' iiiii I : . Ill .■ .iiiil i-\etl ei nil I I I i . 1 :i I r.e . i - j.i 1. iii|i!. ii y e. iiii- 11;. 11!.; ■ i-iiiii Keniovc the wicked man from your own mid.-.t 's r 1 i\l I i!llll:Mir..\ll I- .ll Ml n III Ml I M , — ■I |MI I II m',,1- hi ; . li. l.K ; M , ,| li , -iMi, r ■.\ liii h.i-i i.iki II 111- i,,i i I f', \\ M. . I >\ I r «:il..i| null hi>..iiil i!ii ti,,',r i.f the elririli yiiit h.ive nu iMiliei.i! imuii-: h i ii 1- ueir ■■Idiin duly t . I. I 'e'-t. .Wit, -> ti i ;i.;riiy 'll iliiireii. i' ■ ' iiri h niM-t r. -pii'i lu-r id'-i!- and I ,k, If i;i-.d -I. |.- Il . e ML, r\e ih. Ill, I ler liu M I niM-i imt •■ ..^1. . Mt III the uiirld " ivhieh It 1 tlnMv duly t" le.ueii. hm ^lu- niiiM -1 ml I .1 III' h. r ,■■ MMiritii. mi tli- -e nliii. I.v a deliln rately ■ iiImI lile, h.i^e h. tr.ii..i; h'M ,iiii| lu-r Lurd Ami the a|i,.>- !h. !: :■ •:, !h.- T!;. t"!.i r- ;!>.. .aiMr-h 111 el' 'h:- e \i' itMiiliiliie.i' I Ili In r.-ml's emU' I-' einireh imiity, the members cotin; niiuh tcf. \er, 4). 38 I l UUINTlIlANS. [Ch. VI CHAPTER 6. I Dare any ..f ym,. b.-ivinn a niatur atfaiii'.t an..llur. ffo U. luv WU>rc tla unjust, an.l Ui. llMl Hi.- -.11. is - l.i 111- niili;i'er- lilo; 1 If tlun ye have jiulKmeiit- i t tliiiiK'i I iMTi iiniiiK to this life, set th.'in t.. uulRe ! ul ., lie liast esteemed in the church. Cliristuin lUsfut.s Ui-ntlu n Cruris O l-il ). Th.s e,..>tle v:l"l.s r:>Mly jm,! ' from om- toinc m a.^tlu r. Ww nu M. r.-f.r.'mv i- - ni.l'-:n.u " m >■ i \- i-'. HCMS tin- l..r^:.r .|"-<'"" lU.;.;aM"n. VlK- r.l.-.t..M, ol llu crnanan Ll...M,an, ,o ,he onluK.ry U .al ,.r..> .p<- .-m-l hmiM.ll ..f tl'--.'. in 11- -1 -li;!'-" I»- u'c.n liim. ;. :,n,l a l...-l,.r ^ ""-"X 1,, .,,,1, ..t i!i.' iii.Ktiiutr 1" \el. I, tlR ,.1„,,,1- ,11 111. l..H..unv.^ v.r->s O^t ^.■r, - •■ \ , l.a\. law-.in-; \nm1i on.' .-mother ). :,,'„ .;-,„,.^ ^ -i^'-:. -t that ihi- l.oint had i.!,,> li.arv i:i'M,l \.ral Itim--. I Does any of you. that has a mat- ter in .l -i-MU with another l hn-t.a.i have the hardihood to go to la* before (the i unrighteous m.l.;.-. instead of before (thel saints? lo .1,. tin- ,- an an - clTroiiIi-rv (ro\«a) to tlu- ' /'.'. ■ .v -I'mt that on'utit I., .n.nnilr i!h ' !.n-ti:in l„„l,,m, an iilin il al.-nnlity ; loi uliy sli,,nl,I nun u!i- lia\r 1»> n Mi; .< ■,.■,-).► «iu-"T,r. . i;.. l .lTi llu- uniu^l ( "."mh > for /in-/;, .■ t'lni-iMii- uli" an- callnl to 1«- uunts .1. -M, -la.nM I'aw .ni> ili-pnl- - tvr.- 1 111- i-'i.ira/l. n ali. n ..1 tin- lu alln n in'lui- ni, -,./ 1- n..t 1.. 1.1 lakin to., ri. .!-U : til' i> "'■'> ■' ,„ n , llu u-i.l 1- --'-""".■ -■'■.■••'^ 1,1 r,in! llu! a nal ri--ln-cl I'T ,„,,,,,,U V..n-lM,n, .l .r-.llu rily ( Uo.n. vni. ; , i„n,-.ll ai.v-al.,1 to t.e-ar. llu- .liM.mi - .il'ont «liu-li I'.nil i- thiiiUm.^ an-. ,„ u-nl.ir. ill..-.- that .•.■nceni V'op.-nv -\v.iU-.i. «as the trailulioii of til. -pint which shoul.l W their- a- riiri-liaii- 1 he (.icok- \v. r.j foil.l of lititfatii.il. with II- . .\. 15. ami pr..l.al.lv al'Aa\- ni llil> letter a -liulilU n. ■nu-al lli\oi men SO a. \on Corinilnaii- ouglil to know that the saints shall judge (npirovatv, 1„ tu r til. ill Ap'i'oi-ff'f. jiulne) the world. J7g » main- sarca^m. .nl- y- " you Unir ||) 1. w nil ;> /..r lln- till.. K.ini-.iy { l-.xfosili'r. Kjiio. p I. nil- ill It "an iinilertoiio of iiio-t ot banter, is lo he iiiuler-tooil as niliiiK tliroiiKlioitt \i. -■-4." aiul lli.it we ilo not here have "a -, rioii- llu - Ihu!) ; ,iiul ulu 11 llu ■ ;.|„,n ih,- llir.'u- .>! \li., li.ul loll'i"..! llini the iii.niiKi !.| r.inl. llie 1.1. 11 lie. e.iii e. T.l. mi.' a ..1 \ lu'- \n inil-.;nunt . mil- "I ill' M.'-t .r i.i .M .ii -liie.ilil III- u..i>. lli..-e uh.i ii.iii ioii.i\..'i loiii wire .n-o lo Mt ,.n Ihi-oiu- jiukniL: tlu lueK. ii,lie> ot l-ra. 1 I M.n M\ l-"'^' ' privilitfi- of imliiiiit.; w""!.! he theirs when r-, M, --MHU kiiuj.l. 'in liail come (el iv S). And if THK WORLD i» i^oa^ot. emphatic) appears before you (»'• m thronsh ,11 a-.-inliK of v.,nr-i for judgment, are ye ilun unworthy of MtiiiiK upon the smallest tribunals - that trilninals where peilv ca-.- ar.- tru-.l ihe tiitiire null;.-- of tile wor'.l -lumlil -m.-ly l"- e.ip.i- lile of iiiiltfiii'J in: ' \ .a-' .i i.l" .i'- ''u- iliuMs-hi 111 other w.inl- do ye not know that we are to judge not only men hut angels the two to^.tlur mak, np ilu^ u.alil lie 111 - to say nothmg at all of ordinary things ilit ih.- tliini;- "f "I'h- n; W 1. 1 I . \ . I- .1,, 111 4 any la!.- -i..'l..ii i lln. in-, an.l llii- ni iN niterprel.ilion I lu- upon wliitlier lli s.- in It \ , 1 -.■ nil .111-. -li.inu- ill' t.'' i-ne -."iu line t. i|iie-ti..n tiini'- :e/i - it rill . lis (a) . ,,>;■ of 11.. III'. I'll"' //;,• Jiiii-.li .ir.- the lieallien indues or „.s,«,„r,.....t la.na.r the .-ll'treh.. atld ,1,1 ,,,„.ii \. ' .ili. r Mi'o.r« 1- imliC.-itive or „i„„r.iin. If then it is ordinary ca«e* i.i'iu'Tihi. v.iv eiii|'h..!u-. echo of last word ,,i i.i-t -eiiieiKei that you have to try, Ch. VI] I CORINTHIANS. 5 1 siHiik to your shame. Is it so. that there is tmt a wise man amonn ytm? no, not om- tliat ^It.ill lie able to jmlne lulwifii liis liritlirni? (. r.ut lir. i!u r vi.kiIi t.i law with brother, an<■ 1'"' r,!t';,T I.i'm- wronsi? Why i\" yc not ratlur suft.-r yoursch es tu be deiraiuhiK' S Nay, \i- ilo wroiiK. a'ul ilefraiul and that \,iui linthrcii 1) kll'iw _\f 11.. I llial 1:;. i I >Iiall II. .( nilu ril lli. km^.l""! 1 I'll- not clci-< i\ . il . 11. itlu r |. 1 n , i 1.1. .l;iti t 11' T ,1. lull. 1 . r-. 11. ■Intii -liall 1- .t 111 \..r tliiiM viir.!-, II. If r. inherit tli.- !■ ■in-ii K 11. r \ iK r>. 111 iiii; i tie >ik1i ili-)inte-. will he .1.1. iliiati' |. 'f \ I 111 a]i|i. <\\\' 111 .11 li< n - the hiiinlil ai>- t- ilr.llllc-. -mil :i ta>k : or iii.li;is to -ettle (l.t -lull ^ I he 1. liter alternaliM iii.iy al-o as ;i <|iii -.tioM : ilo yoit aiii.'Miil : I vf. •1^ the w.nvc vm.'roM^ inli ri.r. ti..ii it is those who are of no account in the church u i- ili< ■■' i < ii;i'!i '::> ' whom you set on the iinl'^e'-. seat. M. n \v!io w.ie ij.Miii..! t" iii.lu:.' .i'l-.K. u.nl f..r tin- ^i ttleiiu lil "I !ri\i.;l ,i'i,i;i - lu.itli ii i i'lue-; I speak to shame you. 1 h. r. a:. Iw' .Iittieii!!ii> in tliiN interpre- talioii. lu illi. r .'I ulnr'u i- m-tirni. 'iiiilal.'.-. (I I h.iiti^fTt ina|i|ii . 'I'riaie. .i^ the Cliris- ti.iii- iliil not app. .1111 tlie he.itheii jinl«e~ : liiit the wonl niiyht well he ii'-eil I.>o-e!y — especially as the feelniR thn .ilKliont i-- — for the (leliherate reeoi-nition of the heathen judne: these are (..r are tlu' .!..■■-■. .11 I that ■■ til. 'M- jn.l^ . ...',1 u-t. the'-e?) the men yon .t<-^ of yonr (lis|>iite» : t ii > It is who .are of no ,i.-i'..niu in : wonlil he an iinbkely plir.i-.' apply to ilie ..nliii.iry tiruk Honi. \iii. I ) . lint ( a I It w ino-t eipially unlikely, ..n the other \i. u. t.i apply tu a Chri-l;,iii l.n.tli.r . .iiul 'hi it is n.illy no in. .re . .|i: . .Uon.ilKe than llu- epilhet ■■ uiiri'^litei in- " ;n \.r. I S'u ll men were .it im .iiU'MIU 'u lli. .lii'!.!!. a-i the ineiiili. i N of t'n- ■ ' i;' ' h w :e ■ t no .•i.-.-.ninl 111 till- w.rl.l I .;oi r,,., ,1. i. .X. 5, 0. 1 1 l!!<- ('.iMiilliMii- t.ik. li . 11- ea-i - li, |. In allien ni.liie-. wh. re. .a-k^ V.v\\ -.ilii i.mI's. I- ill. ir iuMi iniieh vaimtnl wi^di iii Is there such an utter lack of wi- l 'in among you, not a single wise man who will be able to decide between his brethren On. /ii.v hn>;!. .it ;i' I. irln Ir.ilioii. Iiy appi.iliiiu 1.. I:;. .ii ' ..f -.line other "ui-e" aii.l niiii.iiiiil li' 'lli.i'. I III- i|;u-!i..ii lii uiiii in \i i 5 n),i\ I.e t.ik. n a- f. .iii Inn. .1 int. . \ ■ i" o ; - > \ l\ \ . In \iT-i - 7, 8, I'a:'! enl - to lln- roi>t ..| ihe iiiatti r I 'T I'lin-lian- to '.ike :'m ir .!i-pnli - liil'..ie iiiili. ie\er- w.i^ '!i;i. aii.l lli. i' '■!■ v. '\'. n-t eiiii-i-l in the a'-::ii.'..ii- c < i t' -'.'-u.:- lh.it tlu v I I hi ih t , : . , why do you. if y.ri .;!, T K II: . not rather bear the wrong? why not bear the robbery? But -.. 1,1 ir .111 ih it you yourselves ii'..< Ii.iM- |. 'I '.t. 11 u ill re all llii- u r< •ii'.^.h liir.^ , •1,1- ^ . .:l tl'.iv -.-1 .r.' ;i p : 't ' \ - - 111 tin- e.itnl-. In:' -1 w i l -h .. i ■ nf a t'lh- to (,.m(".v kiiii.:.iiiin. Or do you not know that wrongdoers — the \er> wril I a,)i/,oi ) In- Iki.I .ippla .l in v> r I to the heathen jiidKe-: tli.it i- the le\el to wh'.ch -iieh cunilnet reihie. - tlu iii shall not in- herit God's kingdom? It wa^ ea-y for the C'lrniliii.in-. in lli.ir fTnui.m-. iiii. moral ritv. to foruet tli. -|. n iti'l- lit the reliiiion tlu y pmli -i .1 h.,: do not deceive yourselves; t. r they e. ri.nnlv shall not inherit the kmgdom of God. wh.tlitr their w r. .nL;i|. miK t.ikr ih. I mii i.f iniiii. T.ility or v;ri..| — for h - .■ .ire the chief el.:--ts of -in- inveml hy the following list— neither fornicaton nor 3 i) 40 1 COKINTIIIANS. II An. I an- U.I .ire }■•- -U-, anil sii.li «ril 1.V ili<- Spirit of '"ir i.» Ml thint;^ arc lawful i all tliinu-i an' not - xpi 'lu lU : : . lawful f'T 11H'. lull I will lui I uikUt till- power of any. [cii. VI inr. Init ini:;~ .iro |}roiinlit idolaters ti.lolatrv aiM"o|.rial. \ n.. nli.m>^l at till- I'oint. a- ilu cult ol Ai.ln . ..In- m C.niiih u.,- M,.,n a! i nor adu'terers nor those who practice or lend tnemselves to unnatural lust, nor thievts. nor greedy men. nor any ^iven to drunkenness, re- viling, or extortion. II. And such Hit tIu->-c tliincO, in ,.a-l were n i in.l...! all. Imt some of you- l!n ■ - ••' ^^-'y '" ^''P'-"" i;i,ilitv \Mili Coriiillnans r.-- I-,],., ,! mto low. r moral ideals ami )h;i>- lu<-. .111.1 aKo to illustrate the -l. -r ■ tion out of wliicli the po^pel had t. nu ii: but. as it was the power .it < .' tran-fornu'd them, w'l.ii. m tin- a|.ii-iii. they h;iil -ii;inruil i' ■' li it !. It h.i.l <■ are wa-lied." .a- \ \' and tlie nii.l. 1.- iM.lK-aliiiu ( ..vunliian i,-p..n-.- to lli.' .livme .Ml! Yes !'"! ■ lapeat..! with tr. at . nipli.i-i-i you were sanctified, yes. you were justified. I b- w.mls do ii..t here mean "ni,/.- lu'lv, an.l made right- ,.,ins" .-..m.-M. .111.1 i.it h.i-i "1 t.l't case „f r^.Kaioii i n-aue .m- .in.nnst this — but Mini.l> ■ -.1 apart atul in-tilied": the same • Ht 1- .l.-, iil„.l from twn points of view, ;„ ,„i ..nUr 111.' reverse of the tiMial one. riu.e woi.N are appropriately m the pas- sive l,..aiise thev indicate the result of the .lunie action upon the Crmthian lu- lu vers Ml these three acts — bapti-ni, saiictitication and iiiMitu alMii - v\> r.^ . t^ fected in the name of the n.r . • Lord Jesus Christ and in the spirit of our tod. In particnl.ir. li.iptiMii i- iii llie iiam.> of Jesiis (the 'I'nnitanan f.irnmla i- in't vet in u-e. Mat xxvin l.(>. .in.l -an.-nli.-.a- 'tinn is the w.irk .>f the spirit; hit tn.Ye Kelierallv. til.- !a-t iwo '-'an- - ai.- P. I'e taken Willi all three v.rhv he new In.' depends twth npon Hod and Jesus li, alli.-n i-..Mrt-. i- iiit.-rly iiiuvortliy of 111.11 wli.i li.iM- Ih . n li.ipli/ed, jiistitie.! and >.uictili. .1. that liny imi-'t have heeii iii- slanlly struck by its uic.mgruity. liul. ed their coiiiluct shows h.'w p-iorly they have le;iriie(l the lesson of II mi in wh.ise name tlu v have heeii haptize.l. an.l i- iiiii.erillinR their chances .jf tlu- km;.;.;. .in of lie,-i\.ii .\K;iin we feel tlu- I r. ni. n.l. .'.i- iii..r;il ear nestness which hreatlus tlir.ni^jli tlie w.ir.N of Paul: the heirs of th.il kiiigil. mi nin-l li.- nun v.illi ii.. taint of In-l ..r vir.e.l np..n t!). :r son!- I'.inl Is li"l li.-re pl.-:if I'r.'thrrhiicss — not a C'hrisiiaii .-onrt. Imt the arhitr:ition ..t .-I wise ( liri-tKiii brother. I'his is the ..Illy .-o-n-s.- u-iiliy ..f men who have been baptised and s;uictilieil. litv. the anil the the the lleri- .ii;:iiii. as parly spirit ( cli e..ntras| b. In. - n Ilu i;l..n..ns (111 in his discnssidii of the in), r:inl. hy a suiip' ill, un!.-\ely reality .stian la.-ls. pi...liici- s .111 ,.ri<-et 111.. re p..w.rlnl tb:in .i -br.-el rebuke. •|he nnbr-ilu-rlv ...n.lnct .if the Cnrtn- thiaiis „, wr..iu;inu ..ne another, r .d in carrying their paltry disputes iH-forc The Limit of Liberty (vi. u-.'o) The return to the subject oi imm..r:i which I'aul had already discii-seil in preceding chapter, shows how- subtly seriously Paul c.mceued the life .d Corinthian church to he meiiaee.l by usages of ordinary society lU-sul.- pr.ictieal temptations t.> wbi b tlu in. in hers .if tlu church were eontinn.iIK .-x l„,s,-,t tlu-'- w.-re sii!ii,i-t to tlu- almost iii..ii- " d:im.er..iis t. nipl:iti. .ii of iiistit>iiii; i!u-..i-,tu-:illv a l-.o-e .-ittitii.le L' m..r.tlity. 111.1 ,-v,-ii .."f resting; llu-ir jii-titieiti.m upon u.ii.ls of the ap.islle's .iwu. 1 his js tlu- siiiiatioii which he meets in the ensuiiig p.ii.iur:ipli _ 12. All things are in my power I hcsc are wor.ls pr..li.ibly h.,rrow.-d hy the d- rinlhi.ins ir..m I'anl hiiiis.lf. :ind were pr..b:iblv ..ii.n on tluir lips, ef x. namly' IVml .li.l not literally mean that .venthm-.: w:is lawful; such a union as ,t \,r I'i. tor exatnp' was not only ll , ,!ei;r.ul:iti.iii. but the destruction of the h, lieveVs relation to Christ. But all tlunKS tl ■ui! are mnrallv indifTcrcn? ar.' as lawful til him as t.i iinyliody: still he will not make indiscriminate use of this wide lih- erly: of the thinits which are l.ivv fill he will ailopt only sneli ..s an- )ir. .tit.ibte, to himself or to others. Hure is a play on <'ii. VI] ..; M..r- i>.r iiu.it- I (•OKINTIIJANS. 41 I i;it I. llu- I.. shall am! lluni N'^ call 11. 1 111 I' liir tlu' 1.im1\. 14 \l!.l (.. 1.1 ■111. .1111 |lii\\ IT .111(1 I U-siriij .\\ ill!' Im..!> is 11. ■! I'T r the Ltirtl; aiul the l., Ih ' lOlll It t. 'nil - ; Lor.l li.ith k)tli rai-icc up n> l>y 13 KiH'U >k' ii"t 'li.it \oiir limlii-i an* tlir nu iiilit 1)1 I hr>t : -liall I thi'tl take tlic uuiuliris 111 ( liri-t. .111(1 lu.iki' llii'iH till' lUtUilnTs (if a harldt • 'imi tmliid 1(1 Wliat! kuiiw yv ii'it that In- \\liuh is incii to a ii.irlut i- (Mh- tunlj !' Uaitli ho. shall In- oiu- lUsh tlic wiird- t^tcTif and iiuit not .>ii!\ Ik til l , ho iiiiist ri iii.iiu fri'f : ho is iii.t ir(0 t'l liirfoit Ills Ircodiim. lie must 1)0 tho ma.stor of all iliiiigs, ho must not allow any of them to hocome h! niaslor; ho is not free, for example, to join hinisilf to a harlot, or to any other person or in- tliionee that estranvios him from Christ. Thorc his freedom i.iuls. 13. Some of tho llreoks. however, ap- pear to have arRued that one aptntito is as muoh ontitlod to s,itisla,ti(>n .is an- olhor. The hodily apiniitc Iris Us fir.at- fication in -oniothmi; initsidc i.f it; 1 .ii li is made for. .nid adaiitcd 1... llu- ..tin t I ..r ON ample, meats for the belly and the belly for meats; that satisiactiiin. .iiid litids fiiod l!y easy ali.il"i;y ;irjj;iu'd ; the h' 'dy fi >f t iiii'atiiin fur tho hody th.it app(tito .dsn, like satistiod in that way; errors in this l-'irstly, there is moats' and tho stomach on the one hand, and tho liody on the other; the fnrnicr lu'lonKod to the evanescent order — God shall bring to nought both it and them, for thi' fijshion of this world passtth ati-ay (vii. .V): tho body, on tho dtlur hand, hoIouRs to the eternal order it shall 1)0 r.iisod up (vor. 14. of w >. But sd.mdiy. the body is NOT for fornica- tion, but for the Lord: and the Lord for the body. Tin- hody is an inslninicnt f.ir tile s,.r\Hc of tho l.'ird: in .and thmnuh !!u- hiMl\ wo o.arry out His wdl up'in th.- earth. And the Lord i- for tho hody; as llo noods It, s,i It needs lliin " W'tliout llini tile hody oaniint develop into all it is intended to ho" Hetwi en tho two there j, ,1 iiiuiu.i! .!( |.( i;d. rH-(- ; ;iiid the '-i-.'y armiinetit. Icjitiiiiiite to a ("liristi;in. that cm he dr.iwn frMiii the wonderful ad.ipta- tiiin of app( tites |o thi ir moans of gratiti- catiun. Is lh.it Ins hody is for the use of appotilo (h niaiids it Umlini.ately m It imnlit then he iriii(';itioii, :\iid fm- — fur \\h\ sli,,uld the other, nut he There were two roasoiiinn, armies I'aul. no real analogy between the I ''il. .111.1 '/((• l.iird for tho redemption (.1 !i:s !•■'.! y. 14. 1 lie oorrespondeiiee hotwoot) and 11. i.ieh lio«nniiii)4 with •> «'» ''«(«. i> very strikinvr, and forms p.irt of tho ar- Kitiiiont. ;l..ri..iis (eh xv >. So f'.r tw.i re. Is. Ill,, the t". .rinihiaii aii- .doviy f.dls 1.1 tile >rr. 11111.1. the li...Iy is n. .t for f.irnieation. hut f ^r the lurd; and it will not ho rodiioed to notliiiik,'. but raised and "conformed to the body of His Klory." (Fliil. iii. ii). 15. Do you not know — you ought to know — that your bodies are members of Christ, identified with Him as el(i>e,,- as the hand is identified with the Imdy. Shall I then — .1 (|ii. ti' ii ill the nido striking, that ho puts It in t' . t'lrsf person inste.id nil 111 of m tlio s.i.ind take away ih' hers of my Imdy, wlii. h, ;i ■ I .1111 ' ' i-t's. are also the members of Christ, and make them a harlot's members? I !i. very snnpo-ition is t'"i aw fill lo cmt. :;- Iil.iio. God forbid: these wrds mve I'l. flavor of •yiioiTo here ("h! it not hap- pon">. Christ .iiid the h.irli.t .ire hero (■nil. 'lived .1- the riv;il ehiiiii ml "i the hnin.iil s.inl .\ niiil e:itui"t at t':. s;iiiie time heloiiL: to I.. .ill If his niomher- ho ^wiu I', the h.ii'.it. they must be taken ( (ipat 1 ffcim t ill 1st. 16. Or do you not know .he fa.-t is ;;:.::ll el;--:!;;;i reUie: !•'■• ■■- hi- I'o^A-' -that he that cleaves to a harlot (ro, ill,- parlieiilar untiian with whuin ho is sinning) is one body? — not two: tho .trt constitutes a real identity of the man with f; H •! 42 1 C'UHINTIIIANS. [Oh. VI „ ,l,a, io,n.d «.no ,hc Lord | is tl,c .^jjjW of Holy^Gho^^ ./.W.^/. '\'s" H!''"t..rnicati.m. Kvory .in that a i n-t your .mn - In-, own Ix'ily. , i 1,, What! kn..\\ vc not that your hcxly | I'l ii'i' ; U, ami III, i..ii!inr. For in (l. nr-i- ii. .'4. Scrip- 1 .1- God: ni u.ihiv Ailanii says, tiie two siiall become one flesh. I lie ,,r.'^i!ial n i, I.1U-. i, I" in.irnaK.- ; I'lit the M-l tli.it oivatts the j.l. nlit> I- ■' ' N.iw thi T.- an r< ,,1 iii. n - /voWuiMf"'. ill!' ^anie • ' tuicn thi- hi hi viT anil ih'' I. i !. ' J J- n sri>ilu,tl om — But he that cleaveth to the Lord is one ;ir-,:::" ' ;'t ira.ls !is t.. ixlMVl ' ./v. !. :l I'-n! ~n,.n- tntfs — spirit I h, t !..i-ii..n i~ ni.'v.pu hi anoilH-i u..'M .iliM-rihn than tli:it til,- iK-h wall 11^ - •■iii'l l8. I'.ml ii-w iMlli. i~ i;p tiu- armniu iit hi a hri.-f. nn|M--;-iu.l u. ' nir. thr ni-- ■ IKT. nii.t.Tv that ih, rr i- n. ■ .niuvtmu pa, li,!, flee fornication: .1- not ti-ln. l''>t ,1,.,. \ i\ ..\>r till- -in ■ ni nlr.al. 1„ w.;. M 1- t!..' n:.-l .l.a-l!.v ..t I I f a every act of sin that a man may iommit is outside the body, but the for- nicator sins against his own body. I In-* !ia, ~i, cM-n plnt- t,.in. not al-. a -in auain-t a man's own 1„ ,K - I nilMnhti ilh ; hut not in itn' - n'l'' awl ii -viivo. To a|M>rcoiati- tho tnir h.i- ii,.\i-ni-- of iniinorahty. a- I'ai'l niul, r- M,.,iT tlu' tnnlia' contract in v.T-cs lO, i;. Ih<- c--cn.> "t U i- a h<.' ■J, su-.- ..I i!.. l..--d: l-r thr '"'./v :s h-r //,,. / ...-,/ Kr'ain. Iv ^pi akui^. n. mi. Ii M,,. a- drnnU.Mnu— ar.- fNlfinal. wInU' I'r. Mil i'. a\< - t" Ih. r... !- Ill'' ' tln'-:il l„ nit!, a i.; I- a f. arl 'l .::■ ! r:alu :il '' 'n- ,, ,11 ,1 ilu i.lra l lin-ti.ni pcr-on- '" iQ. rill' I'-dv aviain-t \\hich tho im- ,, ,a ,1 in, .11 -in-, i'; In- "W" : therein lies tl„ lollv oi 1m, Mil lint II i>. It'll 111-' ,.un. it' i- th>- I'lrdX and it is God - : ,1„ r, in li, , tin- Ii.'rr, r of it. Of do you not know, :i Christian oni-ht to know, that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit in you? Paul has already made tf^e of this thi'UKlii. .nn! u'n.ii a O'lk-clive turn to it: " \c -\\u rliii.li as a whi.U'— are ih'- It inple "I (■'•'1. •""1 ^"W spirit "f < l"d dwih- ni yu .i- ,i ''vti^l'' 11,1. litre tlu applaatii.n i- pn ,"nal ;md iii'liudnal. 1 la- -p'-i" ^^l''" ^ ami uli.ct a Kimi ' i""" r,, ,1 HimimIi It i- tlie -pii'i which ye have from God: ,in,l la.u -liall tin- h"ly a.ii M ilu. :i ni an unli,,L\. '!■ -r.Yl<'i(i- ( ri^iioi- 1 l.!'...,| ot C hrist { I I'et. I. I<) : ef, l-".ph i 7 ' Tlu- nei;ati\e warniim of v> r iS i, n,>\v i..II,,wed hv a positive appeal n-i ""'V t!,e fornication, hm - -'i- \,.uv lio.Ja , ..re i, ,t vonr own. I'lii • .o'l - glorify God then.' not '-nlv in \.,tir -pint, hnl ,il,o m your body, 'e-peci.,lly h> ch.-i,inv Hie l„„iv wlMi-li i- llie 1 or.!'-, mn-t 1m-_ -o ,,...1 ^- !,, ntril.ute i" the i;lory of <_iO :ipparentl\ clainie.i h> so.nie of the Cirinthi.ms are hrief hut very Irenchint. t he ftiiidament.ll p.ission of the Christi.m ,h,.nld he for his laT'l : .and every pas- si, .11 inconsistent witli th.it sli,,iild he " llei . r,i indulge in immorality is t.. ii^n.ire i u- fact that the hndy is for the I .t.I Hi- instpnii.-nt .and -. rvant : it h L' al. ntily , ii,-'> „lt with a prineipl.- aiul i iier,on alien to Christ : it is to sin ev,-n ■|..;;niis> ,1;^. hndv it--.-l!. hy n.sine !t to w-,la!,- tlie Chri-li.in pir,.'n.ili!\ u w.i- iiM.n.U'l l'> ,.^,,r,,- ,1 1, p. ..nir.me tlu n^lit- .-t the Cod wlio hoiight us hy the pre -i,,u- hlood of His Son. Ch. VII] I COKIXTHIAXS. 43 t Now i-onciTnin« yv \\V'-lr \u'.h> nil- li ' not to I'>ni.'li :i wiiiiiaii, 2 Ni \ i i iIh K --. ' fviry mail Ii.im- I'l ' i-vrrv woiuaii liaM- lur ciiArri-R 7. till- tiling* wluri"f jA l;im>(1 I'lir a mall .1 .hu; will' l.it llu liii-l>aiiil niuliT mitu iIh- li.'iu Mill nil- . .111(1 liki'wix' a!M) iiiit.) till- Ini^liaiul. I Ik- u 111 h.iili ii"t p""' 1; 'I '■' '■ . !ait tlir liM-li.in.l 'A 11 ■ W II 'inR'alii 111, a;1' , ami Im-lialnl. l.t l.t llu' liii-liaii'l lia'li ImmIv, lull tlic wife, n..i ii"\M.r <>t li U Itf ihc . U 'I uU II The .Uairuiii,' QuiStion Cvii. i-4"K At tlii< IM'int i'aiil lH■^itl- t" '1> '1 M""' ically witli (iitotimis rai-iy tin- l .mii tllian litter to vvliicli "Uii 1- a n ply (cf. vt-r. 25; viii 11; and lli<- ).n .ut ai-- i.-ii>!ii.>n lit" iiiarriayi' ain'ri'imat. i> i..il 'U - tho iltM-ll'.>ii>ii of -I'Mial iii"i:il-.l> "i!a whii-li llu- pri-vi.iii-. rli.i|ilci- lu'l c..r,. l-.l. Much inin~tuT lia~ l»>n d-nr t- I'.t:1 I'v forK. tlin- thai ll.i- rliai.ti r luH ua> iiol , n.trn.K.I to an ^ xiiaii-:iNr^ tr.a'ni- ill (if llu- Miarriaur i|iii-tion. It i> a rijily j to certain i|'u-li..n- rai-r.l hy tlir Coriii- j tliijii-; tin- uli.'lr ili-cr.-M'ii lia- to lie rca.l ill tlK- li'^lit of llu' oiriuiil; rlail-.c — \',.;,' , ,'iu t'< iiiiii: liir ilnii^s .. liri rnf yr (\cr. M. No 1I..11I.1 tliw i.-liai)tiT woiiM 1)1 nnuli il.anr, it Wf lia.l tin- U't- U v to wliuli I'aiil i- riiil.\iii«. It can oiiiy 1k' 1,.-, .11-iriKtrii liy coiiuctiirc. anil with rcRanl to its contents and spirit there is room for wide ditTerencc of o|iiiiioii. Tciniitatidns to immorality alH'iin.Iv il m Corinth: the Cliri-iiaii con-«u:m ua- practically exercised li\ tin- iir..;.ani li-u they were hest to he nu- > 'liir ^cll^'al- hold that the Coriiitlu.ii, had iii..i".->d Cehliacy as a soliitioii ; otiier^, that lli< ir .liiii,.n lay in universal iiiarriaije. ll''V\- i\ir that may he. the iiuoiiipleleiu -> ot the di-Cll---ioii'is cNlilained li> the fai l tliat it is a reply t" 'I'l. -tiMi;- lai-.d m a 1« 1 tei- : and tin- defm-c -1 iiiai ria'je a~ a safe unard auaiii-t miin'.ral:l> i\'r. ^-'i a defiii-e s,. niiali Imuci" tliaii «< -;h"iM l,a\i- < \p>itid lr"in I'anl 1- i xi'lained hv tlie lact that lu i> u ritiiit; t.' the in- hahitaiit- Ml a 11. >toi i. ;i - 1 s iiiiiiioral city, i'anl'- "wii Miu -t niaiiM-:> ua- inncll more . vall.,1 tliaii \\r -liMiild he mchlied tn ualh.f n-in till- ,ha|iler. ami ric.i\e- jiv !(-t 1 \pre>-i.in 111 I'.plie^ians. ch. v. It In- liirtlur to he renirmhered that when Paul wrote, he was looking: for tin S|,ecdv coniiiiK of riiri-t. The lime wa- shortined ( v. r .vM; the fashion of tlii- wtirld uas p.i--niK away ( ver. ,V ) : an ! marriage meant m w care-, di-tractn >n- and entanslemento. The more fr,-i- fr»m c.irr (ver. a man w.is. the more free was lie for the service of hi- Lord. Thus tiie di-cii--ion 1- .-I- reiiii'le .1- il ...iild h. Ironi an ah-lr.iil tri.itiiunt "i tin' i|!u-tioii; it 1- -.a^Tii.d llU' 'null. .Ill h\ '....,! .md t.ni- |i..r,il CMii-id. r.,f ■!;-. and . :n ■ iiK he pn.pi-rly iiiider-t 1 111 the h^;llt ol them. Miiiriii^,' or Ci'lil-^icy t\ii- 1-7*- I, 2. Now I the pa- a - to a new -nh- ,1 ..r pli.i-r "i :1h - ih rct 1 concerninR the things you wrote me about, 1 have I., -ay that it is good for a man not to touch a woman, that i-. to h ad .1 cehhatc life, lie -ay- it i- U 'od (kaXofl, he does nut 111 re -ay that it 1- l"-t. ifr even ih.it is ln-llrr th.in -onullnim e!-r ihm -ei- \er .',Sl : hilt simply that it i- i; 1. ■ appariiitly a- .ii;aiii-t -"iiie "in- wli.i liul ihoii>iht or -.lid ili.ii it w.i- not jjooil, hnl ha.l. nn-.vnily. I'ml - i ..1 avjninu ai;am-t niarriaue : he is -imply .h n : .hni; ci hhacy atiain-t ■!- dftr.-icl.ir- 'u".n.-r,c, - • ,; /, 1, i- p. lUT.ili e- the -tatrm. nt, a- the i, .!!, ,« :•!- \ . : w - Still. '.^ 1 .1- c. Pl.acv i-. il i- t a'!\--.i'ih- in -n.h a pl.i.e a- ('inni'i i';. 1 . on account of the m t.'n -n- immoralities ; ' ' Itt each 111. in have his own wife, and let each \s.piiiaii have her proper husband iver. _• I It 11"! -imply that cull ;ian han'. |,Mt ill h an iinmor.il ann"-pl a 1. . he h> li.i\e a C'lii-'irt. 'I'liere i- a rt al. Iiiit ii"t a -iiioii- dilf< mice hi-twiell .iiid /•i'n, iitit/ not of coniniaiiclini 111 7 I'lir I uuulil ill. It nun wiri rwu a- 1 mysill lini iMr> ni.in liatli bi-> proper Rift <'l .ii;ned. and the object of it is, that ye may be free for the exercise t>f special prayer {wpoatixv li;is the iirlicle. as has the cnrrespoiuliilK plnr. wi-rd in .\cts ii 4.M. t he aorist ^" » mi^:w> ~1s siK-cial occasions; the relations Mi-pnuKd liv these seasons ol pray, r have t" 1» risnme.l — and that ye may be together again. A sonuuli.at hind tit;lil i- ci-t upon the i \> u ibilily of the I ■ -i iiitl.i.m teiiiper:inieiit \<\ ilu- re.i-nti a-i'jin.l Imt this vp.cial .i.hKi; It 1^ that Satan may not tempt you by reason of your incon- tinence. The stan.liiii; iiatiir.' <'t tlie t.'inpialu.n i- suu^.MmI h\ tli.- piesviit ( irdfiai?) 1. / 1- .1 l.il' r .i->"' li'' mler- p..l,iu..n. . xacih .is in M.irk i\ -•'). 6, 7. I'aul I- will aware llial .ill men 1m\', iMt ihr s|,!rii.ii.! -lit rrstr.unt wliuli lu lii:n-c'it fiii..\s-- lu> wislu- they had; and 111- a.lvue 1- v;iven ;is a concession P. tin- wrakiK-s liiiinaii nature, especially ,,| (ir.-.k natiiie exposed to Corinthian t; 111! ■a'.i 1!- And this — apparently »■">- lirii'iiii; .ill tlie instructions ni vv. J-5. re- LMr.liiii; ilu pra.iical necessity of niarri.i«e - I say by way of concession, not by way of commandment. The nuanmn is not that r.-iul Rave these instructions l.y permission of, though not at the command- ment of. the Lord: Imt that his own words are to be niid. r-l.«Ml ;is a conces-iiin. iml as an iiiiiiiutiMii M ilu- L'l irintlii.iiis Sinli concessions would not In luce-ary. il nun were not incontmenl, (ct i^pauu". 5; »"» TOf iropi'fias. J I, Il tin A had I'.nil s purity and silt onitiol I wish that all men were hV;e ME. Hie nu anini; ■ .ly aNo Ik': ■• Irlilia.y Is a Kood lliiiiu. llioiu;ll. .■oii-kUmiiu iIh- siin.itioii. it is wvll l-t yon inarrv, Imt 1 wi-li lliat a'l nun u. u , ,7(/',i/,' 'like iiivs. li " iliil l.esides pi rli.i|i- I, . 1. linn to,, driinile a nuMiiink' into words whuli ;in- \;iKiie. tins interpret.itu«n does II. ,t i,.niuct so well as the other with tlie i,,llowiiiv; verse: but each man has his i,wn peculiar endowment of grace from God — one in this fashion, another in ! that I'aiil e.-ui hardly mean tli.n lie li i- ilhe endowment of celibacy, and ;iii,,llier iiii:in of marri.vj. 11, ill-, r of these -t.iles le,.nld propi rU 1,. d. -cnl.. ,! as a x^P'^Ma - but rather th.it he has the Rift of cntineiice 1 111 this regard, while other men have other ' KlftS. , l';iiirs powi r of liiapplint; m a pr;K;tii'al w;i\ with a dilVunill silnatioii i- lure timly illn-liand lh.,ni;li .111 i.le;,li-t. In- l>>t i .ne altt.ivs ..11 /i"""'' I 1^' knows MiiiiiKiii raliire tl!r,,ii-li aiul throimh ; .uul 1„ wriUs wiih a cmphl.' iiiuierstaiuhnit ,,| the a\eiau. man i le makes no nil- p..--ilile or iiiiii.inir.il deiiiatuls. He does n,,t expert hi- rea.lev- t.i cmform llieir live- t,. hi-, for the ijU'l- of men differ; l,;il he expiet- tllein to shape those lives with ;ill the l.icts in view - the f.ict of we.ikiiis- and teniiitalion on the one hand ] (\er. 2), and of religion and its obliga- i ti,pns on the other (ver. 5). Marriage and Setaration (vii. R-i7^- In cases where both of the married people were Christians, and still m -re where one w;is a Christian, while the other remained p.K.m, there w, ,111,1 -oiiu- tiiiies ari-e a desire lor sep.,r.iti,^,ii ; ^tlie pn'hieii's '.iiiis eiiurginK -.i:-- ■::--!• re,, m liii- p.irayr.iph Hut before dealini; aitli them tlu ai„,-lK hrietly .hreet- .at!<-nti,,n (.> till c:;-e ol lli,i-e wh,, have no ;,.ii-tiier, wlutlier hcean-e tin \ h.ive never heen married, or because the partner is de.id. Ch. VII] I CORINTHIANS. 45 8 1 -ay lluTiforo to the mimarriitl aii'l widow-, it is goml for them if they abide tviti a- I Hut it' tln'y cannut cxiitam. U't tni-iti marry fur it is better ti> marry tjian to bum. 10 And unto the married 1 command. yft not I. but the Lord. Lei m-t tin- wife depart from hrr husbatu! : 11 lint and if ^!ie depart, let her re niam miiiiarruil. or Ih" reconciled to ht'r busliaiul ; and let not the busliand put away his wife. 12 Httt to the re-t -peak 1. in't tlu- Lord: If any lirotlier iiatli .i «iie tli.ii lielievetb niit.'aiid 'he be !>'r.i-i l t . dw.ll with liiiii. let him n<>t put h. i ,iu ,i> l\ Ami the wntii.in wliuli 1; ili a Im- liaiid til l! 1m luwlli ii.'l. and it In ' i pli.i-r.l t(i dwell Willi her, let her in^l Uave Inin 8. But I say to the unmarried and the ■widows: it is seemly (laXoc, same word as in MT I I for them if they remain as I. 1 lii> may \k- fairly taken to imply that Pan! wa- eiilu r a bachelor or a widower: there is im pri'"!. and no probability that the yokcfi lliw in I'hil. iv. 3 was his wife As the ca-. of widows is dealt with later (ver. .?<»i. It is possible to adopt the suK- gestion that an (.riiiinal roit xnP'" i:>.'iJ- owcrs) has been .altered to the iifre fa- miliar ii'ii/otii. In that ca-e. the tw^ ma — cnlinc words ("unmarried" an-l ' wid- owers " I nii«ht be taken to e^ver the ft niiniiu- — the general nie;inmi,' he "th.'-e of either >e\ wh" have (now) no part- ner"; hut auain-t ihat i- the laet that the c;i-e of " ni.iidens " . I'lne- in l. ir -( p irate di-eu--ion ( vv. -■JlY, i. Hie te>t i- proh- alilv iiirreet a- it -lands. 9. It. nke Tanl. the umuarruil i-ail he cninunt, mXoi'. it 1- wM: but. if they have no power over themselves, let them marry: n"t heeau-r "f iu.> e\ils the le-s slicnM he ,-h.'-i;i. |..r I'anl .hu-s not -ay .Tiid d • av.d r the ah-.lme form of r.iil'- "ehafje" lure; Irl it 1- niove iifluhK th.il I'aiil 1- eoii^hleriut; -rp.iratioii- uhhh h.ue a less serious i;ro iiiil tliaii that !■! .I'liiU'-ry, 12. lie ii'W pa--r~ to till' ::'!^ — .if iriM i| mani.iu'e. But to the rest -:':i>-< lO'i].!.- i.iu ..f wh.im was ( liri-ti iii au.l the oile r (mi;, in — I say .!.- not use the -IroiiKer word li.ii.:,-, a- in ver. to: he has im definite wonl of Jesus to ro on). I, not the Lord. Je-us li.id no oeea-ion to eon-ider the ■ |Ue-ti.in of niiveil inarriaiie- : eonsc- ipieiitly there is no anilioritati\e word from Him on ihi- -nhi.ei. as there was oil the other, mt io Hence it is not he. br.t r.iul tli.it -p. .ik- . hut it iim-t n.'l I he forKolten that l'.. i! i- a " M'lfitu.il j v III." who. as -ueli. "Ir-t- y.\ t!i:ii"-" ! 11. i;). He is still. 111 th.it -en-e. iii-;ei. i| ' When, il, thi- p.a--.iue, h.r il.iim- ihit llir I. 'Ill -pe.ik-. he .l.K ~ not in. .ill t'' it hi- Inm-ilf h.i- hi I'll the ri'Cii.i.'lit of a -i.. '-!a! r.'\ el.ali. .11. l.iit tli.it hi r. -I- hi- -I.iti-iiu-nt- up. .11 -..nil -p. kill U..1.1 ..f Ji-ii-: wlun he -ptak-. .I'lcl not ihi I., .rd, there i- no -neli rei-or.h.l \\oriI of Ji-n-; lieverllleh -s In- stall iiu nl, have all the weight of his iii-liirei| pi T-. ii,;hl>. 12, 13. \\ ' hi- -.i>s i.. tin-: If any rhri-tiaii brother has a wife that does not believe — mtirri-''! to hitn. in ;ill prob- .ihihty, before he heeaiti"' a Christi.in ( I'aul is '>') consents to live with him, let him not diamiti her. There would be every 4r» 1 COUlXTinAXS. [Cii. vir tilU-.l h\ llu' wilV. Mu\ llu' •lilt.. :., v iny « n>-l is v:m.-iili..l l>v t!u- hu.-l.:m.l '1- "'re y,nr .-liiMriii- iMu-l.-.iii; but •i"' '!'•> '"'i"V }h\t if 111"' tiiil.i li. vnii: .U i'iirt. 1' i j li,n; <1.-i.art. A l.mtlur ..i .. si^t.r is m't i tiiiclir )».ii.l;ii;i. Ill ^iich caSiS; bill God ,,11, ,1 ii> l.« iiiai-f. K, 1-i.r wliat knowi'st tlioti. <' wlulli r tlinii -Juih savo thy lni-'...ii.l "f hi>\\ kiiim.st tlioii. O man, wlictUcr llwu -halt >av<. Ihy wife? t»-nnit:iti"ili I" K*' 1"! "' ■"' jciniu r. ..11 ill. I'l. .1 ll'-.' 1"- litV wa> iiiip.— iM.- m n""" " .litT.nil r,..l!.M'i\ ..11 III. • l.iit iM'ii "1 llu- iii.iiii '"'ii'l I- ''■ '"■ ■ mil.. ^ •■ 1 1 i i r 1 ■ ' ' . ii ..I I |.. -t lliiiiU .liMwn fr lalill-Ul. .Ill tliis > ;-.r.' Ill I'lTi iii'.' .'-ill 1"' i,.,--.ii;t- r..^..r.iiii,i: ml. ml . ., 15. 111.- i.iiiuil'l. Ii:i.> I'l'll laul <1"«" that I. in- Clin-tiaii partiuT inii't iL't 111.' l .u 1 m irria'j... lit ill. iii.ir.T: the ( iiri-Iiaii i> ill. i tluTo lun-t b.' 11" ''' y in such circumstances in SUCH >.ii>.ui.ioi»... — brother or sister is not under bondage, besides, it is in ilio s'li> >■>'■ .itm.'-i'li. ■'>' Iff) 01 peace that God has called you It ... 1 1 .. . . r ~ 111 \ti' '. tlu- ■ 14. y\u- .liv'.ra- ..t tlK- Iu':!lli"i !■ irin, i is u,n tn be tlu.iiKhi .if: for the unbe- lieving husband has been sanctihed in lii, i,i,,..n with the i linMiii-i wile, and the unbelieving wife has been sanct.hed in ),..,. ,,,,,..11 \Mili the t liii-tian brother. •111,. Clin-li.Mi iianmr is 11. .t ,1, ^ .rat. .. Ii> ll„> 11111..11. ii~ li.v th. auinl '.m ..n "I 1.^. \^;am i.i.l- ill.' '..ilii''''' I'l'^'l"!"" |„ 1..,,:, ,l,ri-.-. th. i-tni.li.itK w.iv.l 1- n-, '■.>.''•.•". im.l 111'' I'l''.' '"'•'"'"■" ll„„i«l, tin- i.ai tiur 1.. . \u- cr sIk- . has a .-.Mam -tallili.i-^ d.l I .It /!.■/.'"<-«. *'f , „,,., It i> 11. t implu'd llnri'. '»va- ;,„, .11,1 IhiiuH'-: ili^'i „ ,1 . ,11.!..! Ik- o.iif<'rr..l by ai. ..iit- x,a',,i imi. i! I'-i'.t th.- h.-lm.'- .it.ll'e oiu- 1,,1-iiur 1- l.v 111.' iiitima.-y ..i tln'tr "">"■'■ ;i',,,,wi. al...ru tlR. ..llur. aii.l ili<-ir mar- r, 1- 111 -111"- i^i-"-^"- I'l""!"".'" m.ii'r'.';''': for. vvi-ro this 11.11 then it t' IJ^v"- 'l -' your children are unclean, while as a matter of fact > they are holy. I lu aieniiu-iil Ma,.^ l.'..m ra- I.ut ulr.-^n o„lv ,.m- ..t 111.- .li:ir.;nls i~ a ^ li' ;-'.';''' V ,1,." ,.1-Mu-ii.l.- ..I laimlv -.li.l.iv-y .1..1MI1.! w,th ..11.' t liriMMii iMi. iit .....lut-li. s 111,, chil.lu.n, s„ llu- l...n.l NMili ■■'K' ' partiHT siiu-tilKs the ..tlur iiartiur. N.. ( < .r us I . Iii.-ti'.ii will J. .11 111. r. .a.!.! atin..M-l'' r^' ■ 1.1". 1 ; tli' V. I it,-ii..v.~ '■• 111,. will li. 1" ill, ,,11111 iiu-\ it.iiiK' - u '1 .li~l . air ili\ in.- It llu- lu- II. lii.ir- I., with a licathi-n III. t!u- (irai'ifiil allll',^ 1 ^«'»^^')^••', itluii partniT is ,t limi .iiitriliutioii - hi- lU'itart- tii Clirisiian M..,-!i .I..11I1I h.inu- over tin- im'auiiti; <>t X,, 16: l urallv, for what do you know, woman, 1- t,." whether you shall save yonr husband? or what do you know, man. as to whether you shall save yoiir wife' I'lii- -..m- I" .''.mi'.'t ii..t'1'ai.y with'tlu. la-t \,i--. : a- ';...l.l.:i; ^'■'--■'■1 >''" in pia.-.-, aii.l tli.it pia.-.- \v ill L. •'••^ imi.enlU-.l hilt distnrlH-.l hy a I1, ..tli. m I'.Mt- ',„.,•. wliv ii.it .•..iis.iii t.. Ill- .ui.utiirc uli\ I1..I.! liiiii - .11 111.- \^i'> pr.. 1.1. -mail.- li..l>o ,,f '..iliiiiiaU-ly saviui: liim ' i,-,-li..n- I" llii- vi.u ar.- t\\. riiillnaii- ii.-.-il.il i-.--lr:mit- i ill, ,11 111.1-1. - llu 111- t... l.u-iU- , 1; I tt w . .'-M 1'. m. '1'' Ilk"' ,' lit tlif h"lH- ..1 tlu- ..ili.-n'- \,iM..ii 111 a.-.-.ir.larai- v\ilh hilt i.li- I 1 I iIk- I'.i- irniii. latlHT (li\..rci-: and ,:il t.) iinlulue ultiiuatc 01 '11- ihisvr tiliii'C- 11 at. 111.- \(-rM- iiiiKht c.m-.ivahly hv 1 ,., ,r ■• 1 l..\v il.i v.iu know wluthiT y.ni \m11 „. t -avi- him'"'— in imitation of the He- 1,1. w .,.ii-:riutire in line with the iinmediate c..iiieNt: hfe with a pi-r>^..ii who hate.l Christiaiitiy. Nvoitld be slavery, and that niiKt 11. it he (ver i!;t: lln' limther or si«ter is not b.,„iid in such a case — let the heathen part- tier KO. I COlMNTIIIAXS. 47 (11. Vll] III, ,11. nil. . Ml M Inm Aii'l .■r.l.nn I in .lU cliiirrlh . iM I-. .-iiix lii.m r.illccl li. iiiLj riri- inii-i'i'l ' K't liim in'f Iiiooim- inu-iri-miici-i'l. I> any i.ilUil 111 ;'iu-m";itiu i^ii n ' lit liiin (■irouiiii 1-. .1 I'l { t. vin i-i.in i> II. ■thilii;. :i!iil iiiK-ir- (■iilih i- i .1. ii. 'l i';!;. Vnt till' ki riiini; llu- •iiiiii iiiillih ir - .1 < 1. itl .•(V 1 ,■• 111,, I! .ll'l.l ill llii' ».itlU' r.ill'ii ; u Tc III ' I- \\ 1^ i .i'l ■! 17. il i.i-y 1 ' -ii-. Imwi X' r. Ii"\\ llii- Ci'lii'i--lo|l 111 I'.i:.!'- liir^li' .il'M^iil; >'i, t.i , uiuiii r.ii-t till' lai-iin.. "I I' lr iti.in \\lii,-li liw wiirds in'ulit Ii.iM Ih'Ii intvr- I pn t( ■! .i~ 1 111 ■ 'iir.i'-:iii^. Ill ...jN ihi I 'lr- 1 rri-Ii..Il tli,:l, I'll tlu u; . . "1 I I- I" r-ii- tlPMr 111 't li' III ulili'l 'illi' '■^■1^ imIIiiI: only in eacli case as the Lord lili:it i~. I lin t ' apportioned to him 111 ilu- i« i-t (;i..r, I. in each case as God has called him I !>! ■ liii' > 11 ■ • "I il:' '■•I'l ii'^' ui'^ 1 so let him walk. I !;, im'-t iinlml 1„- ii'i !■ !.• ;m lullrMl.l- I ii'ii-. ].tiiiii i.f iii.irn.iui' : -nii. in t ^ iim! 1. 1 ■ .<',ihis ,;„,, at i!u' i-ail -iii.n'i! In r.irin- liiaiil- i.iiii, ,1 I'.n.l's in^triK'H' 1 I'll ilu- ninttcr III till' ( ■..nnthiriiis ditTiT in im ri--]ui-| iriiiii hi> ui'-triictKiii-. \i> i!k- nliur liuirciio^; and so do I ordain in ali the churches. \Vntl till' .■--nr. 111. r tli.it till V .iri- n. •! h-. iiii; tr.'.itiil t'M-i ptii 111. illy He I .rmtlii.-m- will ilii u. II til Miliiinl l>> llii- < \i.if--i..n ..i r.uil's Miio-tolic antliority. I ill- iia~-:iir<.' :i ,.iin illii^tiMli - I'-ml'- pr.a-iu.il pnwir of di'iliim unh .-oiui'ir m;i:.;II"|i-. IK- lia-> :in i \fri iliiiui> ln-ii Ciiiu r|iti..n i>t till' III. i; 1 1,1-^' i.li.u.il!' 1; .1 (lii;-li.iii i> iii't fiinilnl l-i li.i.a i 1! n: a iicailuii i>.irt!HT wli" i- uii niu i- in. 1111- taiii liii imi.iii. (In tin- ..tluT lianl, il llu' Iiai liur n.-tn-><- tn iiiriim.iiil it, llh ia' inn-t in- iiii i,-inTi-ii'!i : 1(1 liini go. Cliri^ti.iii- arc iiiil slaves. 7V.T i/,-,ni-i'.'y t\j//,''t,s' ■'rthly .S M,';,i)i ( \ 11. |S J.) p. ;i -V'Ii'miI til. T ■■ I \ !!■ '1! tl . 1' ily , II ,r.t ■' 1 I .\l.ur 1 I ~ 1 ( . .11.., 11. ..t\ - I V.ni. ■,< r ■ . .1!. I ii .1 II u ni,i> Tlio i.i-t vciititu-i' nf I';.' l.i-f p.ir.i'jr.iiih. li'aiN liy an i-a-y 11 1; -'i ■■ n 'Ii. n- \! : .•mil till' priiK-ii'ii- il . n 'lii-;,'!' .! ■ ! (•• n tin'niii.!. In liu- in nn. in iIu' --i.iii 111 uiui:; I. II, W.I iMi I, i-, i\ni.: tlif iliiiiu- I'.i'l. 1- iiiii ir," ■ MI ■• ■ n. .••111! -'.i\ I 1 >■. 18-20. Was one in a condition of cir- cumcision at his call? I 'l: \vi- ■ im,1, ,1 t a< a oin-'!!!i.-!-. •! n- • I" ■ r w ' w.t^ he .1 \' \\ Let him not. h\ ,,m . 1 i atimi. have the marks of his circumcision ' destroyed. I'm- Ii;i,1 ,-!n:!''\ l-- n .I.-nr by certain Jews in .\l.n.cali,iaii iiitu^. | 1 l.i-. my cnc been called in unciriuiiKisum? Ili, i, fViii 1,-- ri.i-"n till initi to I'lmii;,.' lii^ ..'I !• 1 '111' nil;, I. I 111- Ji .-. U" :i'l I. -t 'ill- I,. .11 I Mill i-.i'ini:. a^ :! « . 1 . . .-i . • ■ ,11 -n 1' I 1, 'I' ll- v\.-rl,l '1 !■• ■11 r, \i rtinu: I" -n--ii .t »i:;il -. r. n . -i'-., lilK let him not be circumcised. 1' 1.: i - ..rc ni' . .nlw .11-1. .ind n I .i:- -'t .i -i .n - I - ii!i il -I ,1. Circumcisioti is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing a ni -n- .-, II , ! , I,, I 1 nil- -1 i' • M- 11' ! i'.llt -■ , ,, I- ■ . • , ,: !'■'!• :n- -i.---!iK-i - 1- -il I- , i m' 111 but the kcepint; of the com- mandments of God ill 11 I- - • ' i! n ill,! . .! . ■ ■ >'';■-' •. 1 1- •• V m-L-'n l>- . -p- ])..-, I'i, : r.i ' ' - .. '■ ' ■ ■ \- • i-\ti-ri: .■••'>! u ' ■ '• I'l- 1 '...!- U ;|. .1 :-. .1. Ill al . ., .-. --- III. I" ■ « 1 n. \^ n. I.? 1, I ! .i-h I'l-; 1- • tliin of ..'III r I' t!) ••- '■• !) • II- I •• !i» liiai ■ ■ !ii , r. ..' .'-niL; i • ir.ni.l l.\ • ■ -.'! \\ n Ih- -HliiLii l> • ■ ' • . I -I .r- ■! --11 i-irrivri-- ■ -. .1'. ' • ! - ! -,, •(!. ill, ■•. . - <«.;!. xt. 15 » Ti.i. ..11 1'..- ..t'.'i r. xv 1' ■ :. ,' ':y,'ii I: : . ,■ 1 t ■.; : x , 11. Il 1- i > .x' . . .ni!!i.;i!ilit-,-!ii ^ x\.- .11-, III txi-. ii'it ail ; , Nt, Mi.i' ■■■I -. I -- '! --11 ••- '-V luiiii-.nt jl,,li|~ (iwi\oi "1 u'T,--i-, ._';i.i. I lii-ri-f. 'Tf, ' ;i, i:-, .,• I V t.-l 11 ,! ll- III. - . I I ■ pu-iu-i , in every case, in -xvhatcxcr laU- ins a man was called, in that let him remain, h i- i'i,.l.,i''x ■■;!'•• fil'ini; I. I'll ;!.,• .-il'. lii n ■ I- - .'i " \ , : ]' Vt;'"' II ,! , It p '1 [ 1 * ■ ■ 1 .: , ' ^ , ^ ' i'.l I ,1- I'l ,'l ■ ' ' . ■:., -^.!, , M •. . . l!„- I, ,1 I ■ -■ - ■ II t il;,' c.i -CI ,1-.! n- nn.irv - 1 W ■ ■ 1 , , ; ;. I a III ri , n , -inu 1 - .n , ,1 'III, :r,-iii::,-: i.'ii. Iii-i .!..in "t- "-Iimix. in t'i it il, i\a« t.. al'iiji- til'- .iiiiiinnt- p' 1. ! ,,ilx- ,,, - ,>]!,.' 1'- t '-i- i-.-irtl.'y >!.iii,-n xxa- n.it I I. ' - ; - 1 iiiuhr ilk- iiiilntiuo of tin- illXIIK- l-,lil. is } 48 I I'ORIXTHIAXa [I'u. Vli ;i «cr\.int? -t 111 ni.iilc • 1 \rt ill' 111 calUil /'rii'« , .,M II. .1 f'T it : liul It '"■'> fr... ii-o il ratliir. , J.' For 11.- tint 1' ' Dm a siTvant, is tlu- Lord's fri-fH!:iii liktwiM- al>o he that i» called, bfins free, is Cliri-t's MTV. lilt jt N<- ;irr 1h>h^;Iii witll a prici.'; \i' llu- ~i 1 \ .iiil- .■I llll tl. J.J lin iliriii. 1< t i \< r\ 1 calUd, thfrnii al'i.l Ih.' not Ml. Ill, wlii Tiiii he .nil 11 1 rr ilti l liMI". I ,iilit..|l> -1.1\'- ill .111(1 lll<> Wii-.llil ,i,,„inu .i|...~irMplu- .1-. a Were you a slave when 21. I In r< v\ , ( ..riiiilxaii 1.1 ll . I II. l- M.li .ll'l'l .ll. »»•.••■ J~- .., you were called? Never mind. S ' 1„, V, U Ml.l.l.lllv .•..llli-..lll..l VV'lll 'I'-' ,uw iinp..rMiu' a-iniud to them by Cliri- ,,.„,iu, u.. 1,1,1 ll.' iKCiilKirty timiito'l t.. •.■ ,,l,„. lli.ii l..t. and r.uil- -l.-.i-Iyiiiy "••'-1 ;x,,ul.l 1..- ii.-.-.-.iry : .l-> n"t l. l n <>■""; sl.-.v.nl 1.. a .■.ll.- t.. y.-n. ii.:v-r imn.K rnturtniul.ly. H'.' "-il.l. : But if thou ART able to become free, use u rather. I -. uli.n. oii|>..r!iiintv I'iT lu-..!.'iii tMiiiaiio.- Ill -l.u.rx^ 111. •'ll-;-'- "'l; t.ik.n; I. It 1.1 > -h'l' I'.'f l»rotiu ir... tli.il 1-. '^'1' >{ >■'■'• ,i ;]!.,,(>. .•.iiiiiuu- I'.iiliiT 111 ,, |h. i.i iiu Iliat .Mi-h tiiaii HI llu' -i.iU' ill winch In' iiii "tiMt if iii'iii <:""' 11 till, II a .■liaiii-c "f fn-, ' u-i' tin- cliaiu-f tli.iii .•.■iitiiiiii' On tin- wli'.li' tin- O'llii Nt - - ll'"""'' • II, \i r iiiiii'l " ■ ami >1"> - ill anjir.nu .lUiini't in lu' ill, .111- > '11 , tV. . .1 111. Ill "1" |,iir. : I.i '1 \ Paul h.i'l .ilri'.itly it-^.d iiiitiii-raliiy i m : h .lU C'liri^t ". uli' tli, r .. Ili> slavi'. t.ic.iii-. il. ii .- i; „ „ il„r.f,Ti. do not become slaves of men. Ilio iiarlii-ul.ir point "I tlii^ \Mriiiiiu. il it ,nn. i> i'"i .1' " ■ 11 .i|.i..nvi.lly :i v;,iumI ,,inli...i iii-t ,ii-!.i\in« I'lli-s m;" ,,, ,, n u 1. l.l, 1-. iii-iii'iti '11^ 1 -iicli ^i" ■ ,■,1111,1-1. .Ill ..1 t" any kin.l ni inlliu'lu-c tii.n .iit,ii, \Miii 111.- ■' iv'-'i'iiii^ "< ,,,„„ii.,ii.lni,iiu ..f (ind" tv.r. |.>i. and uiili ili.ii l..\..ltv uln.h i« du.' W Uirist „!,., l...m;lit 11- .It >«• trr.'at a i.n,. I .■ Mini nil In each case, in whatever sta e a man waa called, brethren - a Um.lK i,,ii.h — in that let him remam — with God. As is s,, ,.fl.-n the .-a-.- \mIIi > .i"'- t. ,\ i-lian,, -l.i\ , r\ 111' II'-. ■. .!ilu r Ih -,111!. il.'iii. r 111 -l.i\,i>. nil ii ,■ ii.itnr.tl ill ..ui.nv; att, r , i> 11 ni.-t ,-,niI,l aiiSi in a -li.iit. cinnin i,r li'.il, man. like .. u I- i.,,Mi, ,' 1.. tlu- a. .1.-1 V("'>"". . W .1111.1, .N-.l !al- .i'al-n-..ll> .1 an ,.p)iiiitiiiiitv til in mat -"n.A.T iiinM"; l.';i i'"' ll„- nmnarn.-.l u-f v.r .U'l. lia- till' -MM-. 1 ,r ^. ll; tl,.. iWiiliras,. sluiN a t!.....l .;t l.--:!it nii..n III,, armiiiu nl uli i 'i i' > "n> ''"l' - j 1,1 life ,-,.ii-:-l- 111 1,111.1111.111^ .■ii.M- I.. 111.- <.."l "1." .„„• wli.. kn-.U' 'll,- l..:u-, iwr l?i .111.1 ,,i ili,,i ,-..iiiiii-iiii..n. 111.- iiM^t ra,li,-a. ,l,:,,,,.-t,i.n. Ill i';..- ..•Mv'..:r.l !:u- I'<- «•'•'- atuclv iiiM..;nitu-aiit. .nul b. ui'.l J" tint ill r.niain in the slat.- in wliuli lie was call..!. ri„-M- w..nU -.1 I'.nil. 1''^'- ''i '^'- ,„..ri Kr.;,-. an .'a-y 1" iiii-u.t. U'l ; t. H w.- im t ill, ..nuin.il simati.in. I ln'v arc ih,r I |.r.-t,si auaiiist tin- ivstl,--. r.-v- „„i,,,\ siiint, tliaii .-I l'.i--ivi-. -1,11 iii'.^, .■.,111,111111.111 111, 11." I'i.'is •' Ilia \ , 1 t'i<- (1 I. iri- ,1 ,:.l ,1 1.. 22-24. I .111 ll.l- t .li .lilt, 1. 1.1:1 11 111 in iiiii-il .-.-i r Ml I 1 1, w , 1 lU I > t". . (li, \' '> 1" called 111 llie Lord, m r 1 .It 1 l.ii.ili.r i- ii"t t.. Ih- il, M, \. I .1 ills .-,111, It Mf..!! ll,-r,- .', I'l, i-liatii-,- '.f fr..'- ir rci> ,'t, .1. til.' tr,-,- man .iii'l for the slave, i.iv the Lord' freed man tlio I'-rd has j.....^:llt In... ,,,,,,, ],., t,,,„ur inast.-r. sm (Ruin. vi. 1 . in like manner the free man. by his call, is 1... l.n'i^'T fr.-. Christ's sUve, • ''^i, 'J ^'^e til, 11,.- man is r.ally a sl.i.c. Ye were bought with a price -the very words I r.ii 1 li 1 ini..-i - , , wliK-li riiri-tiaiiity l.'dy..l m t'i<- n','"'- nuMi a'1,1 wliicli liavc s,,!-. Ti. 1" > -."^"l lace ..f siiciitv. \M,iil,l t.ii.l. " many .. t.> ,T, .lie a s,,irit ul la - '• -.11,1 tliis s|.iril, liail It .-xpr, -m .1 n t"!' . Nanil.le. in a riMii.^ ..|" slav.-^. XN..n..i liav,- n„leliiiit.-K 1,1.1.1.'! tia- I i-.^r. ^- ..I tlie \,. I, -.111 wa- i!;..r, inipurt- , ill, 111 lli.it 111. n .■"'■I'.l ,,1-t a~ !li.-> ,\>n- ill.' "ti'-y. . In- tlir..\\ii ■ -t w..- 'll.l' "' i-u with in- iiii."ii..i mark iiih'ii ,,,„| tlu- J.iv,' III In- slavery, o.iil.l eniov a w.ilk Willi »„i,l winch conid ,„,i 1.1- Kit.'rnipu.l ,.r alT.ctcl l,y external vii.ns ,ir onlw.ir.l ei.iulitions ,\ii.l is ii"t tint a lesson winch is vali-l for e\.-ry ago and every man (iKofrot. vv. 20, 24 >.— "»« Ill C.I lU'W r. ;iiit t'l ■ -.-i\.- I ;l, 1 l.l -111. I ll l.,,il Cn. VII] T COKINTIIIAXS. 49 35 Now cnnoerninR \iri;in> I hat- ii" coinniaiuimint of the Lnrd: >it 1 nivo my juilntiu'iit, a- >'iir lli.il li nli oIlhtkM ini-rcy "f llif l-i>nl to l'> l iitlii'il _•(, I sniiif-c tlurihirc that tliis In K'""' fur till- iiriMiit ili^tri ", / say that it is K I I""" '" , , .7 Art th'iii lic.uinl uiitK a witi':' seek ,1,.^ I.. 1,1- Am lu.^.i.l lr»in a wifi ■• II 't a wit<'. jS I'. ii ami II tli..it Tuarry. tlioii hast not vin .r^I; an.l it .1 \irv;iti tiiarry. -In' hath twt It. Mil .") W I pt tluv thnll .tl Hot W • 'ft iiiiml \, \« i!hi li »- -iK-Ii 'liall liavc U- m thv tl'^li I'lil 1 -I'll' >"''■ r.ilt tlii^ I >a\. Iiltlhrm. liic IIIIU" •rl ; It 1 » iii.utu ih. that Iwtli Ihiy that uiM- It a> ih.MiKh lluy liail ii>>iu-; And tluv that wixi). a< thoiiuh tht-v II..;; iiiil iht-y that nn.iir. a^ tlioi^jh n i.iu.il ii.'t; and lluy that hny, as uh tin y |Mi^-.is«rtl ll"t .' An.l tluv that ii-i- ihi* \vi>rt>l. a« ahiiMtiv' It for the fashion of this I pa^^ith away. I'-scntially >iiirilnal nature '>! nliui. 'H- '1 Ik- >iiitit ..I I lin^tiaiiit> nin-i nuK . cl tr> to lAiirt'^ n~>li -tii.l u. ! ii-.li inili...li..l ; -..im- in>IHiiti. n- U sm'I ci.aU'; ..tiui-. liki' sla\riv uhi^ii tin- N' " U'ta-iu nt .1". ^ not atla.-k, it uiil .1- I'.nl th> tliinns ar<- ..lily llu- rvpr. --i..n. n.'t Ihc siiK-c ..f rcliui-n; lli. 'rnl> nliiiioii-. man ,1,„ , 11. 'I .1. 1" 'i.l. h 1 In- |n ai-f or hapl"!- lu--. 111...11 the tliiiiL;- that are without, lie '.u.- with (iod. and with laul lie I-. C( .nteiil. I' as. Now with regard to maidens. \- the ca-e- ..f tlie ni.iru.l 1 w. loll 1 an.l .,f iiniiiarru.l ( nie^ 1 1 aw aln a.K L. . n di-l>..M-d 01 (\. >• 1, I. I'anl n.'W e.iii-i.a tin- ea II aIi'Ii '"'m.' ha.l l.e.ai a-i, •! '.1 wi!h r. Uai.. to. \ii I. vni- II "1 u . wh.. ". re >ti 1 at liitiiie, ina'er the eare of lallier ..r ;^„ar.llaii t • .luei inir^ '.I:.-.'. COITimand- ment of the Lord I have none (.1 ,j)_,,n thi- ii..lnl .le-'i- lii.l in. I.!. „o i,r..n..nn.a in- iil aM> in..i. lii ni tla- , I ,n:x..l i: a'Ma'.;e-.. but I give niv opinion, as one who by the mercy of the Lord is worthy of trust, llu- r. n- ,1, ; ,,1 jrmrot Is 11). .re aiipropriate than •• iaithltil " li. w;i-. of citr-o, a failhlnl stewar.i Mv. J'. Imt hi- tidehty would 11.. t SI. liitiiicU «u..ranti-e the ••oinm.ni a- his heini; w.thy .,t fust a6. Ill the opimoti which follow, lie passes from the innnediate .|iii -ni ii ■! l a iiiarriaue of virmns to tli. ! .11;. i n'-.v tion of inarriane ii. 'j.neral (.u rate by reason of the present straits. If.id .nnother infinitive i, 11 tlu- "'"fX"'-. the i-nn-trm-ti..n u..u;.I !ia\.' h. . n. 1 I perhaps oh-eure. I.m o< ri.-iiiil\ -..m.uh.t awkward; this i- avoided hy i cluin^e 01 e.>ii-triieli. .11 t.> with th.' ( niu\|ires-ed > 111. he, llu e 1 e..ii-al,i that it is good tel. \er. II for a person (,a»(*»«i)»n», harwiiin \ei-e -hi.ws that It mit-t mean more tli.iii ".\.ii a- 1 am" ti-l. vv 7. Si. It mn-t eilihiaei- hotli statev. .iiid -o iini-t he t.ik>Mi to iiK.iii: /.. iii.\t 1I.V III- is l.f vv. -•.>. -'J' Ihit till' wli.'le oonti'Nt -how- tli.it I'lnl 1^ re;illy 1 liiniv in;; ii;..|.- .'I the M.-ai.! alt.r- lialive I. 7'' I "I 'he .I'h aiila'j. ..t l.< illH •• .men. n.iilu i'. .! " !a .1 th.ni ■ ' ill.- Iir-t i_7.i». 111. ..',■./.,■...« i- -hu v.!iu-h ,,,|\ n|^..ii I ni i. l. ;- ti.'l 'h.- ! .i lilr "i l irs II'M ,111;. .'111.' p, I -I,. 11. Iiiit Ih. .!• ""' 'h « 1- '•< prei, .le the i-.ainni; • t the 1. !•! Mall. \\i\ S It . Jl. 1 il,.' \ M -• ; I u ' ^' " 1- l-i-h. \id ' ■ he III the \ • r\ !!• ..• I ■ !:;-i . ' l" !i I'l a'.r. ;i.!\ .Iriiik \< !.:•. " .:i " I. l u II. 1 -• I. 27, ^8. It !- t 1 I.' 1. 111:1111 a- y.'ii .ire. Are you bound p. --ihl\ hy h.ir..th,il, hilt iiin.h iif.ie pr- l.;ihly. in m.irri.iite - to a woman? Do not seek to be freed. Are you free, wh. ili. r a- a wi.L.wer or a hieh.h.r. from a woman? Do not seek a woman •.•r rWrV) : the pr. nt iit;l«T. iiuphe- ■■ ilo IK. I he . ai tile - ! ah I , ' Still, if you DO . >< -< h ,-:. marry, you have not. in iii.ri\".'. sinned nh. i ri-t Ii..int- t.i the ..• ' ■ t ■; i;i - ' ' and if a virgin marry, she has not sinned. But ii!;irna-„e. l!i- •> • • • t -m. ' n' •"- \..Ke -iilT. Mil-.; ; tribulation tiiri lii'ic) shall such a- inariv have in the flesh, ,;, j.,^ " j,, h,,.!i'v i -r.-.i'..-' ;ni.I ri-- 1 " I In-, -ii.'.r, -r 1 • ■.• ..t m:ir- .:a'.;e ..' all\ !ai.. \\"-'.l '■ 1 a'l irU T'!.- ,,l III,- •• ,!i.tr.— ■' •'■ I <■ ■ '■'!•■ ihe . ,,1111111; ..f I'l. 1 •!.! . and I'a-:' l- aaM — i- ■ :, Ills . . • 1 1 - . . ;■; ■ -e.ii ' 'u.'.i Ij ,M|.1e ,-1- , . '.'.l I..' .-v 1.'.. '1 I. w;''i -lli'h ainh.'ritv ,1 i n oMi V"" t''"i'^'. •'ini . kill',.; t. spare you pi.intinu ..-it the :i.K aula'.;. - of th.' -iiiL;le -late. 29-31. Ihit not only the iiievit.lble >or- } i 4 1-4 S -, I ^* -, .1 vH.': I tnUlNTIIIAXS. fCn. VII r.ll! 1 U«'tll(l ll.lU XOM «f,'.-... '. . I I , I,,, . I Ir • .il l~ '.Miir. iiri. A . .11. Ml !■ ,1,. ,i.n _ - th.il l"l"H^ ' l.-fi- " li. t.i.a 1- i!" I . - , j'.nr i . ilia! i- ni ii ■ ' •! Mf tli I' ■'' ll„- thill— tl...i .If ..I wtl'l. l'"^' III Ill.lV Ji t IM- Il .1 1' It' . ,. ,. tl. •■. Ill-' .I.'."' 'n tvv 1 II .1 ^ 1 .1,1 , II,. '11. in ■< '! «"in.iii ,,, ,1^, lliili.;. ..t lol'l. ill''"' ,j \,..\\ ! I l!i I' ."I'l 'I' !, ;i ■], ■ I II irii'l iMfcllt for , ,M, li.'A -III- iiiuy I ;.n ■ i' 1- I.., , 1,.. ,.i.ll-,,l: Ar.'l tills v\ ' .1' t .' - 1 !iir-l _ , II I iia-i . . .1 111. II I ! -' 1 -.A. -..ly. II'M \\.'I'.- I rti- -II !•! \ ' the btctliren: \"> .1 -inrl,.! U - •!• "•»" ' time ' I ■ '1 111- • '■ ' '.' I ,,.| !h. i.'iiin.-.- "1 ' ■ >^ ' ..',1. ,.,.i,.;i- .iiM li 1-'^ I" ■ .. ■ Miiiil. >-.--l\ : ■ ■ ■ ' • , ,.'i tl'i iciKtii.rtli tluy .il .> who h,i wives sii.'iiUl tie th-.ii^;ii they I'M u-. nt: .n-'l tli"-^^-- ''^ th.v wept n- •. I'l.i tlu.M- wh<. rejoice .,s \h..ui.;h the , ic. ucl n.it. and those wi , huv .1- til. lu '.i th»y had no ht in h. !.l ' usi 'thc w.tUI as a It u> 'i >irccdily. i'l |. I. . : , i' < ^ ^ ' ' ■ , .. , ., , , I 1'. t - .' ■ ■■ ; > : ^ ■ . ,r ,,r I'v f"r the fashion : this world is passini. ..way. * i ... •:, „,„;.: ! -I'l'! " ■'■ , . ] I , 1 r.i \'" ' \ ■ , . I ^ h. Il l:.'- IS ■'. \\ 'I'l . , . .-_si!ll. t.. I.lk. • „ . " , , I ■ I'L 1- >■'■■ ' , .1, -:1I> ■ lis ,„ ^, '.!., , . . • ■■■,,.ir,\ I. ■ . M I r MS II' li . I 111. 1 ;,I ■ -IS r' ' w ,- r \' ,\ klll'l ' « ' ' ' ~ . 'Il I 1 1 ' I iini'l ■ - ( ■ \ 1 ■111 t,) be free from anxiety ' m ■i-u ricd man is anxuMis about ' ' - s "t the Lord. ■ ' ' ^ please the Lord I n 'lie :r...i. vh,. Ur.s. i-narned is anx;i u ■ about the in^^ 'l '"•^ how I' be is ti- ls (iiviiii ,st i'ls wife, and I ..r.l 1 1 w . rs' ,is!. s; ,,. -t. '.• tllM- ,.r r.il Is I 1 t. nK-.iiniii^- h. tnii^t IS'I ! r 34 i ..1 1.. ih ihi- U t'l ill' ''^m! I I 111. .irru .1 ■ ■■ . I,-.. 11 •- .1 . ■■ -• I s ' s 'II-. ill ■ -Is |. .I'l her hi-r ••. n- I l C-'.l ., xi j ilu i.iii-mm; Hi>rd« <■( • 1.1 !h. ni.iiiiii r III r.iti^tniinK I V uiuvrtaiii. though tin- words < H. Yll] UlNTillAN-;. I On. I -1- ' ■ r-Miiir. , I" "■' 1, !..r ' li , .tr \. \ I fill K - ill. ii;t tM ' - li- .11 1. j.. . , r . , . ' . \ ■ »\ . h iiu \ , I,. - ■■['.' I, k.ili ! .| 1.!- \ !! Ill- \r .■;.>. 1. ■ ' ,1 .1^:1 . ;i!nl 1 MI ■ r i( W I • »!( In lii,' ' Ilk' \'l t.li.- .1 ill •.! \i r a lli"i. .trt^.i. , , 1 i , r It l!-. •«• ' ■ ' i.i.i ' \\'- • . 1, , It \ \ li.i^ I' ■ • ' I ' It tin ■. " 'I " ' <\u- l\. I'Mi' .111 I I ■! .1 I 1 ' t 1 ' ■ t 1 , : 1 • , r'l ,1 U II. . ' A II ■ ■ ■I.l.i. - 'if < " ] 1 ■ 'i;r • ' 1. -1 w M!i I II 'l,!.!' ■ !! • ■ . ;. r . I...I.: I H . 36. . : ,;r. ;> ■ 1', ■! , ■ • :i . . »i. .1 r.itli' r >l il- ■ ■ ■'• -I" > : > -I' ^ v. • . - ■ • ' • f, , •' , Ml!. ' ■ - 't !■• -.-n- - • -..t • \ t . 1 • • ■(. -.1 ill Mr \i -.-I. p:..in.!v. .il''.- . ■ ■ 'i • .• ■■■ ''i ' ■ ■ .■ ■ l>. irv iln i-S t . 1^ •j"..r.!|..r ' 'i' i -' i ^ III. M : '11 till. veil.. . • •! )f|' il ■ -iM ;i ' • 1 ,,, . •. ^ ,1 ,,)■ tin 11 .■! -.^^ • ': " ■ ■ ! 1 u 'i;' .11 !■ 'i: ' ' ' ' , , , r On th. m!i '1 1! . M.!-r, ■: .• ( 't -•...iiitv. I-.-" ; ! n ■ "I ; il^, J li .<«>i((ii(jr 11 tt'lii \.r. ' I r li ■ ' ' >•■ . > 1 1" :i'!";'i t)i. i. ...inu- ■ . i - : .it'' < ' •■ ' ' '^',1 ,f (i-, . .,.t f.rii ij ri,:<'(.-v ..1(1. .1 !i;"ii;i\ Now if any one '!•'■ ' i" Tu f.i. u ...1. ii.iii-l.iti'm Also, the un- '^ ..,iili.,i consiilcrs ttuit he -•. acting married woman and the virgin are anx- unseemly . , ■ - -av i- ious about the things of the Lord. 1 , '., . ,.. , ■ . .inatt:..r \. •'■ - 11. . till-;, 1 . I . • ■ , 'I'l.r ..lu' 1.1. 1. I'li" ' I ■ ; "'i; : ■ 1 ; '!■ 1 ■ tow rds r,,,l w '■<:■...■. . ' '. |T. M ii'iii'.; i!i' '>" ' ' ' Ins vitKiH \'. ' . ■ • V. u: .1; 1- illr-)i It. '1 l'> .■■•-' if she be beyond adult af;e , , I ' .J . >llt \v !!. ill . 1 - k I ,.. aiiil if Ml it i'tit;lit to be. t!,, Ill I, .;• 11. .1 U-!!M!I I- that SllC should 1 ■ ■ . ; ■ ;■'.•: be holy i alike 1 in body and in spirit, let him do what he will ; he commits .. > .111.1 • •" ■ ' ' ' ' ii''\ n.-. i:.!. .1 •.. -im.if? i!i. . • ■ m- '■'■< -'■''> 1 • • •!• " ■ ' ■: '• - '■ ' ' li,,n ..I til. .liliit I..!-'!! But sh»- who ■ '. ]■ ' ' Hi i;-. . -'ill If. .11 I 1'. is married cares for the things of the r. I ■\ world, o'.l !'.t-.|| how she may 37. I'- ♦ u'' l.- it 1- > " f' ^ t'l. t.''-.i please her husband. ' ; • i \ 35. 111.-, ir .!ik -ti;'. iin'iil^ "f i' . • ' ' \ 'l- .'■ iln.il .I1-... K. 11 !..•-■(- - t Hi., ;!i.ii;r iiix' I .' ^^ ■• But h«- t!';it I., .11 -'ii.ii. .1 !■. r. '111..11 -..I'll' .1 . ' . st.iniii-th m his heart, and that stt- nl- ^. . ! ... .! t .. 1 . i ^_*!",- ' ■ 1 , It is for your own good that I say this, un.'cr r . i. n -tr unt. I> n li.ivini'. lull not that I may throw a noose over ynu. power rtxardiii^; nis owr ' wish. ! i--.. :i- it « . r. . .iii.l i i-.' '- .mil li.-ith lU'tcrmined in fiis own heart t.. iii\ i.m-i'P*- "t -.'iliii-.v. but with a t . ket'i" lus ..wn v!r>;in . . .■ view to seemliness and undistracted 'ie- ' f- votion to the Lord. .\^ uttm m 1 .. .v". I' t shall do well. I: ili<.roii.:;! l-.n-p- 52 1 COKIXTIIIAXS. [Ch. VU ,(S S(i tliiii he tli.il i;i\rili hrr iii iii:ir- ri.iyx ilortli will; lint lu- lli.it (^ivctli lur net ill marriaKi' il'Htli luiur. ,V) I lie wife is IiouikI liy the law a-- IniiK as luT hiisliaiiil livi'lli: lint it her hii'-tiand lie (li'aii. she is at lilierfy to lie married to whom she will; only in the l.ur.i. 40 Hut >lu- is hapiiirr if -lie m' ahiilc, after my jmlnment: and I think al^i that I have the Spirit of God. iiiis' uilli aiK'u nl . ■ Mii'c|ilioii~. ilic f( ( lini;s eein> liest to him. It is ju-I p. .--iMe that the [dir.ise " heiiiK untler no eoiistraint " lea\ es room for a consid- eration of llie Rirl's fei linK-- : Iiut it is more prohalile that the eoii-traint whieh ntinht iiirline him to con-ent is an external one (of. ver l 38. So then - ill, u> ili.a fnllnw snni lip not only this sreli.in iKaliiiK witli the rel.itioiis of f.itlur to tiaiiiihfer, lint lllr uihiM' ill-i U--ion of til.' 111. If! 'Ji- i|IIi -- ti 'ii both he that giveth his ^l■.\n virt;in in inarriane doeth well, and he that t;iveth her not shall do better. .Maii .ici II. . -in; It i- ft.iNi.r. ijo...!, li. ill. .r.iMr ; lii;; til, -ilii;K' 111, I- ^/)f iLT.riii , ii, itrr Mil. 1- pi I li.ip- the i ll .ir. -I .iii.l iiiii-I .li 111., r.ilr I \ p. I --i. .11 , .1 . ,11 III ilif ehapli v lh.';!i;li till' lApl.ui.il I. .11 iu-l yi\eli "i \v .(ii .(.^ 1- re.i-oii.ilily sal i-f;Htory. e-- pt i i.illy ulieii \\r eoii-iilcr llle yr, at p. .ui r ve-ted hy tin- aiuiellt world ill lie I'.illi. r or «iiar • .m \, liini uli.i li.i.l l.il.. n \..\\- ..|' III'. Wire rnw'lhni; 1., di-p, n-.' wi'li i',, .-liriii- ilie- of lioiiie life, .-iiul Cliri-Uaii \.>i!im women, wlio stoiHl alone and \Mre in luid of pr: !i: |: 11. u. :d.I aynr t.. K\> t..i;.;h.r ill li.in.fs 01 -piri'ii;il iini.ui, Tlii- ui.nld ^.'iM .1 \iry mli'iliuiMi iiu:iniiii; to llu- Woi.I- "111- viix'in " 111 ill.- pi--, I-.'. In \uu .if llie nior;il peril wliieh hoiiM i.e- casiiuwliy be involved in Mich a union, r.nil uoiild !»• lure ree. uniiieiuliiu; tli.il, 111 -pile ..| llu ir \..u-. llie >. r.ii^; iiMii and 111- \ii:..;ill o!i;.;IiI III iii;iir\ il I- 11. • -ill. 1 1, on ilie other hand, tlu m.iii i- ii.it im- iler llie I', .n-t r;iiiil ..I ;iii\ -in-iM.n- iiii j iml-e, hilt Ii.is full eoiitml of his i.uii lUiII, lu- .iiiylii n. I |.i ni.iiiy. Iml i.i K.-, p i his virgin ;i- a \iruiii \\ li;it h;i- n-n.-illy heen f< It to he the iii-iiiieraMe ■ ilneel i. Ml to this interprttation i- tin- (jr.imin.ilieal ' difficulty of the word ■>'>/''0''. in ver. .?S. .\s the conclusion of llu- ir'.;ninent. we should expect: " Conseipunily he who marries his virgin does well, and ho who iloes not tnarry her will do better. " In- ste:id of this, we Kei : "he who !^i;i-s his viiv;iii /// iii.ii riiii^,. 1I..1- wi'll. etc" l.iet/- m.ilin. Iiouever, .ifur ,111 niteie-lini; pliil- oIoi;ie;iI arniinu-ni. e. .ncliidi - thai we niM-i concidr the | ilulily ..f I'. ml hav- ing; 11-1 il -,(luou' (wIlU'll llli>. l'\ .i-|.-iloj;y. li ixr eiiiiM- 1.1 nil .111 "!.. ei Ul.i.ili- ni.ir- r'.ik', "1 .1- llu' e.|ii;x .il. in ..t ■/ii.uoL- 1 pi i';irr>l. (in liii- .-\p!.iii;ilii.ii. nian> of llie li .iii'ni; oil-, nrili, - ..i llu pa--,i<.:i- «..iili| I. ,- ietii.i\.(|. .iiid .1 \ . ry iiil. iT-tin..^ -uie- lii^lu w.imI.I lu- tlircuMi np'iii tli- iit,- ..f ;Pi ymiii.; (.■hri-li;ni elinreli. We e.iin.'t . l i.'ve that "-pii nnai" union- ;iii|H-.iri .1 -o ..Illy: hnl eoii-iilri iiiu ilu- hiiiU iu-\ t.. ;is- eelicisin oil the p:irl of s.iinc ,,f the men. ■ and the il.iiiuers lo wliieh an nnm.irried .111(1 i-oI,iteil (.'hri-lian woman would he e\po-eil ill -luh a -iKiety. it must he held ! to be not iinp.issihle. ' 39. The case of widows, who, if we reail roit XW°<». in ver. .si, h.ive not yet been e\pr<'--ly iiieiil 11 .lud, now conies in for brief .p 1, 1 ,il ■. 'ii A woman is bound ( M'l.'^'. ■■ |.\ A. \'. In- u ron(^ly eiipl in. nn.ler th. iii''-uni-.- ..I Iv-in. vii. J I as long as her husband lives: but if the husband fall asleep in .:,;ii!i she is free to marry whom she will, only u ili '-!■- 'i!i-,'i.iii..n ili.il -lu iiin-i ait in the Lord. I 111- il..e- ii"t , I -.v.,.- y a--,M iluit -lie niiisi ni.irry ;i (.'liri-tian, tliotmh in the liKht of J Cor. vi. 14, that is what it |.r;i.-Ti.;i;'y .ini..-;iit- to- the v.-oni- mean tli il li. r .u'li..n I- to he eo\erned by ("hris- ti.iii inoli\e-. e. .11-1-1, 'nt with lur Clin-- I I, 111 pr. .f, --i, .11 40. Slu- iii.iy in.irr\. hnt -lie "will do iRMter" (cf. ver. j8) not to m^ ry: she Ch. VII] I rORIXTHIAXS. 53 will In- iiMt ciiily li.ippur. ill tKiiiR frt'c fnrin ilif cirt s and i iitaiiKliuii Mt> a\ s. " i, iiimr l>lc.-M(l in my opinion" ui. \ir. i : lU'vcrtlu'Icss 111- Ills ii~ fill tli.it III- i.i.iii ion is til be vi-ry si-n i-ly rii-k..n,,l wuh. for It is an oimiidii uiiKli Ik- iinn-ili hfvcs to In- iii-|nri(l. and i. i / < i I thi ,1: that I also, as well as those of vnr, wh,. may think ditTiTeiitly on this siiIpmai. have the spirit of God. ' The vlaiiii i- iii.»U siiv cxpres-id dor SoAci, ef. iv. g», Imt there i.s |»rol»al)ly no real hesitation in the tiiiiul uf raiil. lie is a '■ siiiritiiai" man, am! a.- siu h can test all things in. 15 »; lie is eon-M. us uf possessing the niind of Cliri-t lii. 10). il I'.i'i! - c!i-insMn,i (ii in;iri i.il:<- in tins eh.i|ittr -..111, u ii.il iiisai.i...iiit- iL..ik rti e\- lKe'..iIi..n-. 11 ni;i-t ii,.t In i, .ii;. .11,11 that It Is V.TlU .l I,, t. 111,...!.,; .Ill.i skI, rali. ii-. I iie iH..|.:, .i.i.lr, u.u- C oriinhi.-iiis ; aii,l the liiii,- ;.,:u\,,l i,, he siiiirlly lielore th, ...iiiiii^ ..| i.,, |.,,|,1. I he piira-e rrji. iitara-aar fiia-,ATji ,|,^ terminer tlie whole tiiiiinr of ih,- ,li-,n-- sion (ver. Jd) ; the .iryiiiiKut- iiiyeil are natural ami reason., hi, ,u,.'iiiil tfiscnt ilisti.is. .\larri.ij;e 1- a l; 1 thiiiK (\er. vvi-n a eoiiimeii.l.ilile thin.; nnder the eirciinistaiiee- thai prevailed at ( ormih i\v J, ()) : litit it IS not the best lliiiiv:. I h, siiinie stale is better ( vv. .?K. I'l.l ..11, .,t Ua-I of the arKUinents \\liu'li till' apostle urge- 111 its l.ix,ir, has a , It. I ll me.i-iire of aliuliiiK v.ihdity. Willi ill,' eoiiiiiii; of I hri-t 111 M, w, he .iiU'Hil lli.it ih, iiiiii- u.,- Ih,- di-- tri \\,i- s,,|-,-, ,111, 1 ti,,. ,|i.|r.K-t!.iiis of ■I, I .m.l ti!! It .1- ..I ~. • , ill- iii..-t , U il- . .Il l' .iii.l f.iii iii.irruil 111,- u,-r,- r l.i-t at l;iiiii,ii| In- I h, r,- .ir,- ,-, r- ,1111 k ,'.iii only, or at .iii\ Ih- i» I t..|||;, ,| l,\ ill,, liy tin- tu- ..f u could li.-ir.ily. ,1- ,1 111,,: done th,' uoiuK-rfi;) w . i which he dul. \\ hii, t:;. l.irne a m.-m's -yni|..iii;\. a- in certain ph.i-,- of -ervu-e. e\,-ii hi, . .pp. .rliiinly. ili,\ ill many c,i-e-, circtini-t rihe his sphere 1^ I ihilitie- ..f s,-r\u-e. - Ilie I'Mlioll. \\ iliili ;.',-t. !«,. I... i.i.l I. II: .11. r th.- u -,- 111- III.IN .111.1 -olIU :i f"i,-i-.^ii iiii- I. .. :ind limiiii-h ;.>- (/;: /,/,■(/ {fit^tpiarai. \,.r. ! „| a ,,,.,,^1. Ill wlii,h ,111 iiniii.irri,',! Cliii-ti.iii man is not, and a -erv,-,- of th,. l.,,rd uhieh 1- .•|ssi,Iiio||- in(./.'.i/r,/, -(,-,/ ( dirKnffiro-. Know ImIl^c imiIVi IIi ni'. Inn ' rdll'u til. \ui] !l any man think that !k' kiiow- ;i ai!> iliinv. hv knowi'tli imthiuK yet as llr r til klliW. ; r.i:i It :iv\ man love ('i<"l, the same KiHiuii lit li;m. Wi li n • -r. II -cHiit'thliii; nl ihi- (lilViri ill ■. "'lu'i liir (■•iiuiil-. uiii-t havi e\|i. ii. 'i . ■! 'h iiMiiilaii.uiii I'liri^liaii imn- ei|i!. , aial I'lai'li'.- in a jia'-ian rii\ir"ii- nir 111 ' 'i. ' i ' M ■ I i I ' a in: !i I lir li'VHir ■ - am! iia Malia iT..Mr-, ni il 111.- Iiriaiuiil li'ia! mi.. >..nia..-l with nan x\hi.-r viaml .i '- w v< '.'nniiM -nral.l> ml. la'V ihr ( hii-i'i!' ~taii.l.il .1 : t. ■ < -i.il"' ihi- , ..Ilia. I. lih V u..iii.| havi' hai! t.i " u.. "ii! . I I ' 'A . iil.l " ai' ■ t'tt \- I \ . Ill" < hu- ..| ih. nia. 11. -al .litii -'li. - i.i thr I !iri-- !:an-, .1;-. i -.i! iii i'l:^ -.ail.in. \>a« ctialcii l.\ i!a ji, M i-i'.,. ir.il'i, n. a i.l iii..;atr\. It ,;ti"irl .'. .- . -'!,:' •>., till' li.itiir.' i.f IIr. aaiha", \.,!ii!l il.i'-l !i.i\. all'illllilt al ill »iuh ,1 iii\ I .ninth; it atiirtctl even the nil .i; w'li.'h iMiik' nji..n llie ('(.nii- thi.ill l,iiil.-~, \\ hi 11 a -arniiee \\a- . l' f. Il il in .. niiiha 'lir nv at ^^ .l•■ -..inctina- vail n il .•! < ■ 'a- i.f thr trllii l. I \ i: i. 1 - 1 , , i! . i 1 ' 11'.. 1' u . .■; !il la a! IN ua.i. mill tin- ), a.a, niaiUi l t \^ J.^i.aiiil thfiiii- t.i l!u- lal'!. ..r ,1 |.ri\ati hnii-i ( \. .7 1 \\ liai u.i- : 1 i.. va ( "'.1 1 -■■ ,1.'- atii- I lah- 1.1 - 111 h na .a \\ ,, - I . ! . a'.-! [Ill 1; . .Ill It. . .1. ; i .1 .^la i:v 1 li a |.\ ]■ irl .1, .ii-,i . ! It. ||. .. • " '.all .1 !i,,ii- 1 I \'. 'til el. .'alia • i.r \\a- h. |.. l ai MVii. ": i.- .u iaiiii-; a .a, ..ii ihv ittiinn.i tii.it la. uhi.'ii thr - iiTiii.a- 11 1. 1 ! .-11 . .': . 1 . .1. w i - a ■ i. - . >. : - l i : \ I ii..l i- 1 !'(■ 1,1!. -1 a ai liiv. 1-. . .1 111 tin, ... a ti.'i (\iii-\i, ■■ I'l 1 .iii> in \ ill aiul \ J,; - xi. I- /..I. <■ ' ( \ iii. I. I. Now with regard to things sacri- ficed to idols aia.'hii ,,|' ihr |iiiiiit.^ nil whu'h I'-nii's ailvirr hail cUarly lna ii a-.Kril • >a nil thi- Tfiii oi ,.f \ir I, ri \ii 1. ji; We know that we all have knowl- edge. The wnril'- may a -., iiii an. " u r kn...a. 'r. w r ail have kllnw Irilei " ; bill it |v ahitAvt iii!|Mi,^iMr t i liivcminr. t thr oiiinu*!. on \,r I fiutn ilif similar words of ver. 4. where they tiitist mean ■■«e i-i.'W Thr mranini; inav he thai I'a-l. iiiil lliii--r. ill uriural. uliniu ! a. 1. : I ~i ., haw a rK a r m-iLihl int. . 1 lir ia.'l ! li ..- 1 1.1. -1 I- a n. .lu nl lU . .iinl lli.it r. .11^, ,aa 'i' ' \ la- .aim..; in. at -arntirnl I . an ai. '1 1 - la. 1 al'> ' ' ri nit. I hit it -1 rni> ni.'lr ]il'..niiiir tllai .11 tin- M I'-r. a> .aii|i:irriili> liMwiaii- 111 tin- rliaplrr. u r lai\ e ri-h- ' 1 .1 t :a- ( , .i-iiiilnaii hi'.'- I "aiil Iia^ .-11 nliiii .-ani, wiih a Iniu'li nf iiniiv. ; ■■ • (• 'a; ,a.' I.' ' yr /' — ( 1 tniie>. fill aN 1111] a . ill ell. vi - lii.it w r are ius- tilieil HI ^•i-lirrliiu: oiiw/un' on. ,ti".. I>e a cl.aini nf tlir Coriiitiii.iii- \\\- Lii. ivi.M ^ay — Ih'il .(// /..i.-i- l:.:''Uii\lfii\ I '! hi., i- a ■■ \\ 1--1' " elinia;li ( 51. ami 1- iifle'i twitteil hy I'aill fur it~ enneiil of wi'-iloni t IV. ID). I lie ■.ripiel ^h..,\- that, a- a iniilter of f.aet. tlu> .lai .' rl ii..^-e.-s tlii^ ka .u li'dpe ( \ rr. ~ i 11 1! I'l 'Miy la-ia arimr- I'an!, kn. iwleili^e i- n • rii.-'iij'i ihat alnnr will not take the I'l'ir.li \ 1 r\ lar ..11 tin u i\ t . r. i i nratii m. Knowledge pufls up, it is love h.ve ..i' i\ir ,t 1 and ni ihi hiailinn ( n-r, I I I - - that builds up (in 'O lin'aii. n ! a'li! i.hluMf.ai th.-lt 1> thr r..MT,,M \|.|r l.n. .« h .!..;e m.aki 11. . <;i'-.^t:! 1: 1 : .:/ ..-..n- 1 1 ihiM 1. Ill In till- I'hina-h 1 lal ran iiii'> lir ■ !. I .- !i . 1. .\ ■■■ \ ill i la ill i|iu ~! a .1 1. 1- I.r ill . I iiiiih r ill -an- .-11 I'l. ran la. I h- (i.ri.!.-i| null') I'll it^ ii.Mt llii'il- It I- a i|iir-!i.iii diai a"'.-i ' - ll.i ■■ 1-1 . ill. t: " ( . r. ill. and I .iiU' ■ '•. ■ . a . 1. a . ill. -111. eaii rrarh a I /..-,.. .an-. .11 " ki,. -u I. .lur." a- llrii- ' ..^rl u 111 11 1, ^. "i.iii_\- >,.\ ' All l!riii;> ;iri' hiuan' for ip. l.ivi adiN. " Init :i'l tliiiii;.; a .) i.^il: I y. .:.;i. 3. If any ..t ynn ( 'orintln.in-. wlm ..niipiKe th.-lt kiionirdLti', iinilhiiiiin.itrd liy love, will K .id yon in .111 rdiiyiiii; liireil hy love tef. ell. .\iii). But if any man LOVES God, this is the man — and ( H. Vlil] I COKIXTIIIAXS. 55 4 A'' ( I 'lu-t riiiiii; iliori lcn i' the i :ilinj{ of tlici-c tlniiu~ lli;it ;tri- olliTnl iii ■-.u-riru-o mil.. 111..!-, uf kimw tli.it .111 i.l..! i.\ 11..1I1- iiii; 111 till- u.irlil. .111.1 lil .t //;. ). ,^ 11. .!n- ullu r ' i'.il hilt mil 3 l or til. .null lli. rr W tli.it .ire ,Mii« ■• Ko(i». wIuiIkt in luaviii i.r in i irili. tiliTc lie- Ill:.ii>, .111. 1 |.>r.K lli.iiivl Ifiit to lis III, I,- ;.»■ I'ut ..11. (1..1I, l!'.- I F;illuT. t.f wlioitl ill. aii lliiiin-. aiiil Wi- ill liini ; ,111.1 ..lie I...1.! J, -ii- i liri-l. liy \^''"iii ..'V lil liiiiiys. ami liy liiin. 7 1 1. •» li. 11 / , . . .i 111 , , . • Ml. in lli.il kii. .u li'.l'.:. i..r ii;. vviili i-..i; .-i.-ii.-r "t lli.' 111"! mil., lliu : ..i;i . ,i| ii ,1- a lliinj; "!l a- \\v . .ii^lit 10 kii. w " . iiisti.iil \vi li.iw. is known by Him. I lu- ilii|ilu-.ili.i|| 111. iloal.t Is lli.il llu- kii.'u;- iil).;.- of the iii.ni wli.. lo\is. .iiiiiruMinaii - at li-:ist 1.. til. iriir kn.iuli-.|'.^i : Imt tin- apo-tli' |iri'l'cr-, liy ilk- iiiu'\|i.'i-|iil turn In- ui\i s till' s> nii iuT, ratlirr 1.1 rail .it ti'iilion to tin- linnu' ri.u.ir.l |..r llu iii.in, as till' soiirci- ..t any triu- iii-iulit ilu' man iiosm^scs l .ir a m ry sninl.ir ti.rii 1.1 I'xprt-ssion, of. (lal. iv. <» "now that vf have come to know (ioil, or ratlur to lie known liy (io in vor. I. it is pos-il.;.. 'loii^'li not ctTl.iin tli.it wi' h.ivc an iilio of, if not .111 i vtract from the I'orinllii.ni li'llrr: ,111.1 ilk- conli-ssi, ,11 ,,f faith in tli. \. rs. ., ina> ri-)>r. si nt in rhajis th, \,r\ Wi.nK laiiiilit tiirin h .• llu' aposiU', \\ ,■ kii..w that there is no idol in the world. 110 iluiiii- r.ality 111 lli. iiiii\ir~f to uliuli llic i<|..| ..r iii!,i'.,:r .'. .rr.-s|iomU " l '\!-lrii. f is (Ifiiinl t.i thi- 111..! II. li ah-. .1:11. Iv 1 o 5. X, I'll ), hut nlativtl)." ( I'lmll.iy ) 'Ilk' all.-rii.iti\ !■ f:i.is|.iii..n ,ni iil, ' /> iii'lhiii;^ III III. :,'.>i7./. h instiri' to thi' |vlirasc "in thr worM." i.s i>r;n-ticall .• lU'Kal. il hy tlu' s.-c ,ni| i-l.m-,.. which is a|i|).iriiilly iii!iiiii-. irtpot, ,f A, V. has aiipaniitly ircpt m from till' tirst commanilinnit - but one. Versi- 5 ipiHars to roli vir, 4 ot p.irt of its i-lT(ii hy ooncrdinK tlu- iM>ssihility. if not indt'i'd thf actual existence, in sonu- sense (Xtyiittt'Oi), of many ko<1< : hut at any rate not to the Corinthian Christian* — /() us there is Imt ..i/r ( mt, (>). I'or even supposing there do exist (<' .l..nht, C"ortii )..■ cMii,;;!; ■! i,v \ _h» uli.r. "til. llmi'.;- uiiifii i... iM'iit'I. s s.uM iti.-i-, ih. y s,i, rilH i' / ' 1/. .......... .,11. 1 i"i I" <.■..! " til.' k .,11. 1 Ji w .lai-.f' II. \'-.! ill .1 innllitii.'u- i.l .U iiii-j;- ..i-, ..n.^.' . ail.! .1. 111. 1-. 6. Yet. uIi.it.MT may !.,• t!i.' ■■■iili all. .lit til.' .M-i.n.c .1' 11 :' > ;., io us Chri-ti.iii- there is hm one God \\ii..i:i .Irsii- i,i:iu;!u ili, u..r.l t.i .-.H the Father, from whom as -..arc. .m.i .1. ,ii,,r all things (lit. //ic systini of tlimi;- 1 pro- ceed, and we — not all nu n. hni uc Clins- li.iii unto Him as ..nr i;..il .nid end: and one Lord. Jesus Christ, through I whom as .Mc.i.itor in crc.iiion. are all things, and we through Him. a- M..I1 alor in nilem|ition. Ihe .i|u- (;.id an 5i' aeror. tin. .null < liii-i |i i a c..'i si.j. ra'i. .11 ..f tli. t - , . .ji , i| i:,,a - tli,. I'l'i "t" "....1 .ill. I 111- ,,! ^,'■■1, II. Ilk- I fact of t'lirisl .111.1 11 1- li.niJi |, -- that I iiiaki- t.li.Lilrx rail. 111. Ill-, ami lii.- ..iMiiir I.l f...-.l -.icril'i.-.d to i.|..I- .1 ii.|it.r ..f imiillen lice. Siu h ua- l!i. ( • .i 1111 lii.in .■..iic!ii-i..ii, ,111. 1 !.. I at i',,, ih,. u. .ik.-r hrotliiT. ua.ii'.l hiM' Iicn I'. ml'- .-..iLlit. si. .11 ' 7. But ,a!l h ill r..! till- ii.-i..i>- not in all is this i^?. knuwledRe. There are some who. through bemg accustomed, up till now, to the idol, atul conse- 'jMcntlv nnahle fo sh.ike off ihf ttnpn-.;- sion that it lias a certain ri;il rM-t',nce, eat the meat aa a thing sacrificed to idols, with the result that their con- science, being weak, ia stained. I i.c'inse they feel that their partakiiiR of siich meat has definitel> aosociaied them with the 56 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. vni 8 Hut meat comtncndeth us not to God: for rn'itluT, if wi- cat. arc wc the Iwltfr: neither, if we cat not, arc we ?1k' worse. I) lint i.ik<' Inc. I lest I'v .iii> nu'aus tills liliirt\ "f xMurs luiniiu- a *ttiniblinK- l)l«(ek til tlu'in tiiat arc wiak. lo For if anv man see thee which ha-t knowledge sit at meat in the idol's temple, Miall III it the i-iviiNcu'iicc of him which is wiak lie ciiilii ■liliiHil ti) cat those things which arc oiTcrcd tn iiloN : II And thriiiiRh thy knowlcdpc shall the weak brother perish, for whom Cl-.rist ilied? idiil, Tlifir iMii-riiiu-c iim\ hv weak, am! titicnlinhtiiii il : -till, it 1- " i-oHM-icncc. am! ;<- --uch. thiy arc IuiiiikI U< n-ixi-t II — it iiin-t remain purr. n<(.v/,(i»r,/ In sic.nl 111 (Ti !■»)"«. a, (Tii'f i<5t){7h ( \ \' "with ciMi-cuihr 111 llii- iiliil"i i~ ri.nl li> -..nil- K'iimI .MSS. .ui'l |in Urrrd liy sinin- -ilml.ii- llu' llliilr ililiu illi li lilllli.: ; lull, nil |!:> (itlur li.inil, It iii.iy liavc crept in iiiuKr tin ii. lim ine (It tlic (rvftiSiicn later in tlu --I Ille'U e. 8. 1 lii- \(r-e iii.iy I"' rriiarilril as an e\i l.iiiiali.iii ..f till' eiilmlitriu il iriiitliiaii'-. \\ h.il li.i- 111. at ti> ilii XMili iii-iienci ? At tile i^l lmin ill I lleiu'e t!u IlltllfC TT.ipacrrijiTd i meat will not affect our standing with God. napiarrt^t is a neu- tral wnril; luiu-e Ci>mmiiidctU (\. V.) wliicli wmili! re(|iiire cvvioTttm^ is tr Citliiii;. Tile verlis imply tli.it iliiir ii'i-ition with ("md was ncitiier ■>!! ;ite. may prove a stum- bling block to the weak. Nun liaxe in ei insider ynnr iieii^Iihnr's cnii'-eieiK'e. ,1- .1- \.inr nun; and •^treii'.jtli inn--; he llieiiilnl 111 Wl■.d^n^-- Iluw tar tlii- lili- criy was carried and in what w.iy it mislit prove a stumbling block, is illu.s- trateil hy ver 10 to. ^'or if one of tlicsc unenlightened Christians sees you. the person who is in posBMMon of knowledge — Paul ap- pears here to single mil some individual or indiviijiials and tn address them di- rectly—reclining at t:ih1c in an idol's temple, shall not his conscience, weak as he is, be edified, unto the eating of the things sacrificed to idols — "editied" t i hi- de-triictii III a- iln- next verse shows. i''r he is f'1-iisliini;. I he riiiholdt'iird (of \ \ and U \ 1 fur oit,o5otiJjt)ri - I'.iul, and rnimd in the iirme--. lHeaii--e ci iii~eieiu-e had lu en (lelhrmied I lu-ri' o.iii he 1111 re.d edilieal ii 111 willinnl Inve (\ir. M. I lie pleseiu'e nl ,1 I 1 1 r i - 1 1 .11 1 rei'liiiini; ill a paii;aii iein]ili' i- a rial -nrpri-e. .it'ler in.ikiiiK lAery allnw.inie I'nr the advaiieeil Mews v)i the eiiliKliteiieil C"i irintliiaiis. It i> probaldy to be cxpl.iiiied, as i'rofcssor W. M. Kamsay has -.uggestcd, that these Corinthians bad still retained their mem- bership ill pagan clubs and .societies (lix- fositor igoo, vol. ii. 4.14). Though the object of these clubs would be non-religious — otherwise we cannot conceive a Chris- ti.in thus definitely assiH'iatint; hiiii-elf with them — tlicy liah had tir-l lu eii nltercd in I sacrilice tn the gnd i>\ the teinph II. l-"dilied! and mined! N'mir kiinwl- eike h,i- de-triiyrd Iiiin For the weak I man perishes through your knowledge. I perhaps hy me.aiis ul ( «' ) it. or ninre I literally, 111 thr .•iltnnsplu ri- nf y ii/r l ; ('i/.i,'!' — it is ;i riiini'iis inlliu iu-e tnr liiin. I lu' man 01 bruad priiu ipK s nuist iiinsiiler, in luve, the enn-ienee ni his ii.irr.iwer hrullur, and wliiK In- ni.iy try til ediicatc it. he will nnl tempt liim in \ inlale It riie we.ik eoiisi ieiu-e " m.iy Ik a li ss enlinlHeiied, but is ci rtaiiily .1 imire aiillmrilative fiiiidc," tlian the advice or ex.iiiiple of aiiotlicr man can be. What aggravates the sin of this inconsiderate I example is that the man who is tempted by it, is not only weak, but a Christian brother, one therefore to whom special ccmsideration, and even aflFection, is due : and not only is he a brother, but the brother on whose account Christ died. The man is rnnird. wlm might have been saved, whom Clirist died to save. For his 1 CORIXTHIAXS. 57 ij lint wlifii yc sin so anaiiist tlu' britliriii. and wouiul their weak con- scuiuc, sill a^aiiLst Clirisl. 1,} U liircforc, if meat make tiij brutlier t- ..ffcinl, I will cat n.) llesli vsh.lc the w.irld standcth. lest I make my brother salvation. Christ sacrificed Himself: the champion of enlightenment will sacrilice iiotlimt;. He is ctiKaKcd in the futile e.\- periineiit of eekinK to edify hi> lirotlur by knowledge without love, lint kiiowl- iiii^e alone spells not only coneeit t ver. I) hill ile^lriielion i\ir. ii). | 1,,^ Mfse is read as a (|iu>tion by A. V. "and ihroiinh tliy kiiowledue shall the weak brother perish.-" (/.ai diroXcirai (or «i»6\\t'To« | in- ste.iil of diroWi Tai ;ap\, 12. And by sinning in this way against the brethren, that is cai e\iilaiiis whai^ 1^ iiuMii! Iiy siiiiiinui by cnu-llv smiting their conscience, in its weak sutc. you art sinning against Christ, i t iiKiMHiKii a, ye ihcl It whiiluT a kunl- IH --, , ,r a cnu by unto oiic n:' ;!ii !i o| the-ie ray hii-ihriii. \e ( Mat. .\xv, 41). I . .ilKl e terrible words, ■ u ueie ui ■■ that the ni.in u ' ast dicl II in.io Hie eu lu re. Ill lip .re s,l\- Jrstis. Ill-rs a liUie oiir !, stumble should be drowmd 111 the .Kpih- "f the sea '■ (.Mat. xvih, (u. j o sihilr (not ti-ound. as A. \' , K. \ .) the wi ak is cruel and cowardly: such blows may destroy (dwoWvTai yap), 13. I'aiil closes bis arKument by a splen- did i)ersoiial pledne. He has knowledse. i>iii In- h i~ also love: wherefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, 1 will assuredly (oi) /i^) eat no flesh forever* more, lest I may cause my brother to stumble. I w i> e in tliis short verse, .ind twice 111 ill,- Ias| lu.. verses, the hr,>ther is iiieiitioneil : ii is tliis lu rsoiial eb inent tliat turns an .uMdriiiu- i|nestion into .-1 vital :,iid |.r;u-|KMl on,-. Ih,- ("..rinthiaiis thought 01 the (lU. slici, : I'.Hil |l|oui;hl of the brotlur. He is free lix. I), but he. Iiniiis Ills freedom for tlie br,.ther"s s.ike phir . ..I tlu dlltereiit kinds of " food • with s|„e;,ii nierence to the sacriticial llesli III (|iiestioii. I he question of the leKitiina. v of , at- I'li; the llesh of ,iiiiiiials that liad'l.eeii ot- fcrcd m sacritice no lonner exists for iis ; but we have other iiuestioiis tli,.,ti,' iMrd-playmg, the use of wme, et, whuh present similar problems to the ( iiris|i.,ii Colls, !, tie, . ami upon w hu li ^:.iod men .irc dui,l, . tlii-y ^-;,„ ,,„iy h.N iiisiniit. tempered' with love. 1, ./c- /'M/^.v Kf; it is love tli;it .1 Ik -elt: -Mere kiui: I'Ut.ii.'i !(/- str;i,-t 111 hi ,-ihi rii SiK- 1 :ir. 111, 1 Ills lllll ill, \ illlll ihe |,r II. Ul llier li,i- a eni iiid lu- iiiu- respi-ets lu. Ill, 111 '■!i'!> r-l;uii lirillireli. hr self as I seek to tram tlu will not smile ii. I not to its rniii : li,- the broader ouilook. :ire n, v , r :ili- T" -'!' "1- tl:..t i\ "\ w \u> w,.nl,| .1, ,-i,lc h'lii^iy niii-t 11. .1 Hilly hni. lu- iiiu-l l,,\e tlii; 11' 't f,,r-, t tli:i! bis u lu, .IS v.,11 ,is him- f< ~pi et Ills bniilu r's, wu. II, wiii, III l..\e. Weak eoi|s,ieiu-e, lnu |u- ( will ,-i|||y It. lint IlUl-t s,-,- iji.it, V, ull - - it lost s nolle of Its aiithoritv I he man who. l,v his . \ampl. . would enliRliten another, niiist m.ik,- sur,- Ihat that example will ii.,t be^. t in, hit, r- eiiee to moral obli.i>ati. >ii, or l,,w,r the '|n:il't\ ..f Ihe inner life. Tli:it is but poor , iili-.alii,-mnent wbieli ends by destroy- ing the brother for whom Christ died. 58 [Vu. IX THE Al'( )STI.I". Il.l.l STK \Ti;S HIS A K< ir M I'.XT l"OU si-:iJ' IJKMAL i;V HIS OWN I'KXriKl". \r\ i|. >;;1p|1. I .mi In yi HI : ■■■v llii ~ial 1. 1 niiiir .ipo-ilr^liip arc \r in iIm l.i.ril ciiAi'i r.u I Am I liiit .ill .ipd-il' ■■ .1111 I iiMt fill'? \linr .cii-w llii- arc nut jc iii\ wiirk in ihc Lmdr i 4 H.im' ut iml |«"urr t- rai .iii.l lo If I III' nut an apu-lU- itiito utlu'r>. | ilriiik ? I '.nil I hi- . //-.li/V ( i\. I-.?). Paul 'liuu-. Ill tlii^ >-Iiai'ii 1 tli.il tliy iirm- ciplc ul sili-iU iii il lur tin- l)iuilu r'-i >ako uhu-ll Ik' li.i- m:-I '-r.il iImum (Mill, lie li.i- Iiiiiim Ii |irai-tK-( tl I'V n-l'M-iiiK I'laiiii Ir. .ni ihi- ( urintiiiait fliiirili tin- tnainti'iiaiici' tu wliii-li. a^ a iiriai'li. r. lu u.i- i iUitl<- !, liiin 1' ' I li ; I. .r ,1 iiiMiii, 111 frmn lii^ iiiair ar.LiiiiiHiil t" tlic (kliii-i- uf In- riu'l't- I. If Paul ritraiii> frmii tip- iiu.it lli.it li.iil 1.1.11 ..II. r.. I t.. i.l.''>. It i"r In- li'..ili.r\ -all. .an. I ii..l Imciii-i lie i- ii"t .■■I lil.< riy I.. |iail,iK.' ul it: I.t am I not free? .\ii.I tu >.i> ii..tlini.i; ut my fni'(l..ni a- a (■jni-liaii man. uli'.in Clni-t lia- ri-- ' ill. 111.. 1 I'r.iin li. .ii.la:^c (\ii. -'i--'.il t.i all I \ii 111 i'l\ iiiip. I -I'll law. am I not an apos- tle, anil, a- ^lU'li, ill pu-.>issiun of s]ii'i-i.il riKlit--. ( A. \'. wrunnly n-viTM". the uriKr uf tln-c (Hii'Ntiuii- ( N'ur can \oii duiilit my claim to iipustli'-liip. for I possess the (|ii.ilitu-ation that is acknowlcdKod to he fsstntial — have I not seen Jesus our Lord? I'aiil olaiiiK lu lia\c had iiiy-lu' " visions and rrvi lati. iii- uf tin I.. .rd" (j Cor. \ii. I ). anil at impurtam ori-cs to liaM' Imn a.Mris.M(l hy lliiii in .1 vision <.r ir.iiii-.' t .\.'t- xviii. n. xxii. 171; he ri lVrs here, however, not t.i these e\|ie- rieiiees. hiit to ili.it vision ..f the Lunl ..n 1m- «a> lu I '.ini.i-i-ii- uliu li -tarted him .in In- CImi-Iliii .-.ircer I \rl- i\. iT. nmi. S-iol. The apu-tUs niii^t he witness. - tu the re^iirreetiuii. .iiid this wa- tin- . \pe- rieiua- tli.il pr.' . nimently e. .ii-i itiil.-.l I' liil a wilii.--- Ill ilu nature uf the ea-e. Iuav- (■\ . 1 . ill:- |.r....| i.f 111- :ipu-ll. -liiii. lu iie.: -iiliii'i'lue. v\.i- 11. 't 1.1 V. '11.1 til.' pu--iliilily of .■h.ilIeiiKe eun-i'.pi. inly I'a'il dirn t- tlie roriiithi:m- to ,1 tiruuf whieh i- heyuiid .-iliIiHl;.- Ir- .'un ill e-t.ahii-hiii,u til,- .■hiM.-'i ,!• Ca.;:;'. are not ye your- selves ii'>"is» my work in the Lord? I 111' work was done 111 the Lord (cf. iv. 15'- a, 3. Paul's aposflcship had evidently lieen ehalleiii;eil. pu-sjlily liy th. pailv uf I'ltir ..r ut l"liri-t (1 ul. .-ind li. -Iiuws llic laliiily ..l tlie ehalleiii;e. Ili- .l.ir.ie- l..rs li.ad II. . I up. II. .1 lli. ir < ye- l.' ilu- I'.iet-. If to others in 1';. .>. - ..l "ili- er- - I am no apostle, yet at any rate to you I am . n. . for you are yourselves iiniis) the seal .aii.l i.;iiai am of my apostleship in the Lord. This is my defense to those who examine me: ilie ^\i.ril njahpu'Oi tiu' siiiii:.--!- a -. ni: ■ 'lu i.il . N iiniti.iiii.n (ii-e.| ia Luke win. IJ ul I'llaii'- I s.iinniatiuii "f l'lin-t» and -Iiu\v- li.iw -I riuii-ly r.iiir- el.anii^ were lu iiiv; ( .•lit. -t. d. The this puiiits rather hack than |..rwaril; the lurinthi.in church (ver. j) is itself the proof of Paul's apo>tle»liip. What follows is not a defense, hut a series of claims. fn the followinR verses (4-1 Sa> I'.'ml asserts his rights, as an apostle, clahorately and emphatically, which m.ikes all the mure impressive his ileliherate refusal, for the sjospel's sake, to avail himself of those rights 05h-l9>. Til,' Minister's Nights (ix. 4-'5a). 4. We have a right, have we not, to eat and drink ..i the .-. .-i tlu' i-Ii'ir.-h (cf. M;irk vi lui. i'lii-- ili.iptev i- e.'ii iieeted. Iiy il- einpha-i- .111 'touict, uiili tlu' 1,1-t 'ef. viii 1)1. liiil til.' .i.|.l;i!uti ul i/mi:/.' -liuw - that llie .pu -ti.iii ..f - irnl'h'i il iiu-.at i- nu l.'im.T iiii.lir .h-eii--i ii Ilu- oii- t. \l (i-f. \er, 71 iii.ike- It iiit.im lli.it he 1- r.'f. rniii; I ■ ill'- niainii naii.'i' ..f the iiiini-try hy the ehiireli. I'>y r, ,• he pn-h- ahlv mrriiis. nut speei.illy himself and r..irii.ih.i- (\er (<), hnt himself and. in 11. r.il. the utiiers wli.i :issi-.t him. lie is .i.iiii'ile— . Iiuwexer, lhillki^^> ni'.re partic- ularly uf himself: frum \er. i5«to end of chapter, the l-t per- .vni.i,'. i- used. The chiini of the riuht to eat .nnd drink is a modest one. like the petition, "Give us our hrcad for the day." Ch. IX] I CORINTHIANS. S9 5 Have we not pinvcr to lead almiit a sistiT, a wife, as well as other apustlos, aiH' as the brethren of the Lord, ami CVplias ? (> Or I only ami |!,irn,ilin<, Imve not we powiT to fcrlic.ir workiMK? 7 W lio Kiiiili a warlaro any time at his i>un iliaryo- who plantrlli a viiuv.iril. anii iMtitli tii>t of the frujt tiicreof? or 8 Say 1 these thinns as a man? or saith tioi tlie law the -aine aNii? <» l or II i> wrilliii \'.\ the law of Moses, Tlitiii >halt not inii//le ilic moiitli of live ox that treailetli out the corn. Doth God take eare t'l ir om ii ' 10 ()r s.iith he it altoKetlur for our -akes? for our s.iki ■-. no ijoiilit, tliis is wrilten- iIm! he ih.i' j'l' 'iinlietli sh-'uli who ft edetli a lloek, ami laletli not ol the . plouyh in ho|ie ; am! th.il he tliat thre-helli niilk of the Hock? I in hope should lie partaker of his jiojH'. 5. We have a right, have we not, not only to marry, but to take about with lis on our nn--~, narv tour-, at the expense of tlie einircli, a Christian wife (Ul. : a sistt-r. that is, a Christian sister, ii.v a zcifr^, as well as the rest of the apostles, mo-t of wlK'ni, aecorchni; to tin- iioIk-i', mu-.t have hitn ni.iTrud. ancj aceouipaund on their toiir^ hy livir wm-; and the brothers of the Lord ( Mark vi. ,i i wlio are certainly to lie ih-liuum-heil fri.in ilie twelve lef. .\et>. i. l(i. in -pile of the fact that I'vUT, who i> !a-t iiieiilioiR-d hv- ioiim-d to ih,;t ho.ly. (If ihi-f hroiher-. the most con-pieuou^ w:i~ James ( (111. i. I<), ii. <)), leader of tile Jeni-aiem eluireli ; and Peter (C epha-i separately nientioiied hecaii^e hi- name wa> specially familiar and his example no duuht frequently quoted in Corinth (i. u). 6. Or is it only Barnabas and myscii that have not the ri^ht of exemption icom manual toil? rp-nife'inK out l!ie Corn, or hy ;i sh d.iie driven over the threshinu Poor. " The most coTmnon mode of threshin- i-, with the ordinarv sl.ib called )«('.•.) i-y, which is lii.iw a horse or \ , !,e o| . . the grain is shelled self Is cr.iund into cli iti:i!id of ^^.se'; not to tri ,ai!elh out the c Til i I'a. .'.IV ■ ■ r the fr Ml till' ll ■ '',1. la.l r ,iy It. '11- Hot only ut, hut tlie straw it- hat'f . . . The com- mn/;'!e the ox that Iiti r,illy obeyed to liy 1110-! i,ariiiers, ;iiid yoii often xeii til, it ilr.iu the mow rej eatiiip r ,as they re\ol\f. There arc .ml s, liow e\ ' r, rill 1111-011. i he who (/i) iiiu:- l„nid and the mn^anllv pe.a the ON ■• 1 I'.- k. IV ;4oi. gb, 10. .\ow w! ,it Is tile !ne,attint: of such a law - Is it for the oxen that God careth? or does He (ted: 'in -iiint\i.ii tliini;~. IS il :\ yriat tiling if Wi' ^Ii.ill ri.ip Vi ir r.irn.il llniii;^' I J If i.ihir^ lir p.irt.ikir- i.f //;;.,■ p(.v\ir i>\iT lur iinl we r.itlur!' N'lv irilic- Ic^'! \M' have MDt ii'-rd llii^ power; Imt -iif- I ti n..t kiiiiw llal liny wliirll niini-tiT ali"iil lii.ly tliiiiys livi' >>f //ir \lhiiii;s I'f tlu" linip'i'' they which wait I at the altar arc partakirs with the altar? fptolion, " U il fur llu- iiscii that cans," Paul dearly cvpn l^ the an^wiT A''. Il In just as plain lli.il ihe mily answer that accnis willi l! e -pirit >if llie Old l es- tanieiil. is an aHiMiiali\e. (I'^l diies must assiireiliv can' P^r llie nxen and ii"t (Hily on oiir acciMiiil. Iml mi lluii iumi. ( )ld ■rcslaiiu iit leyislali' ill uas ii.iljly iiiercilnl to tlic liiasts. A rikiliteniis in. Ill cared Pt the life (if his heasl ( I'mv. xii. lol. (i. .l caused the ^;ras•; Id ^row fur the cattle ( I's. civ. Ml. Ik- wives to the heasl liis food, and tn the yuuii^ ravens whicli i ry (Ps. cxivii. 9), anil he spares Nineveh, with its "much caitU " (Jonah iv. II ). Jesus shared this view of the dumb crea- tion — the hirds and the sheep. Paul's question here is touched by the Rabhiiiisin in which he had been trained: but th cherish the "hoiK' of sharinK." It, la. After appealing tu scripture. Paul now appeals t" llie cniniiii'li sense of the Corinthians; ;ind liy .iii iliectue jiix- ta|>osition of .M- .and I ^M«it i7m<'», i/iuii'), he produces ;i coiitr.isi which it is imposMhle P> n iipidnce i:i l-'nL;ltsli. If WE sowed spiritual things for YOU, is it a great thing if WE shall reap YOUR car- nal things? r.esides the cintiast liclwecn :C(' and you, there .are the further contr;ists lietween the si'-^iii}; and the rcating, and Intwien the j/'/m/iiij/ ;ind the carnal. The s' wer has a riRlit to look for a harvest: surely no one would Rrudge him a harvest of so inferior a kind as that which he claims. It is no great thing if one who brought them the unspeakable gift of the gospel should have the paltry recompense of • 'o.it ami drink, especially as others, wii.i less cLiiiii, IkiiI enjoyed it; for if others share in the right over you, of which I speak, do not we yet more? for r.inl was. in a nniqne si' ■ . the father of the Corinthian church (i ;,). He has argued with skill and forcv r the right to tliese privileges and exen 'tions; but, he goes on, we made no use of this right: instead, we put up with all sorts of things, such things as he enumerates in iv. 1 1 ff. — hunger, thirst, persecution, the contempt of the world. And his rea- son for refusing to av;iil himself of what he coidd li.ive rightly cl.ilmed is that we may offer no kind of (tii>') hindrance to the gospel of Christ. His self-denial in ch. viii. was for the brethren's sake, here it is for the gospelV s;ike. Had he insisted iipiin his rights as a Chri.stian minister, the 'good news' might have been misun- derstood: the gospel must be allowed to shine in its own light, and no conduct of his, however innocent, must be allowed to ohsnire it (cf. 2 Cor. xi. 7-ii). 13. The argument for the right of the Christian minister to maintenance he now strengthens still further by an appeal to the practice of the priests. Do yxm not know I cf ver j<), — yon wise men oneht to know — that those who are engaged in the sacred offices eat the things that come from the sacred place (that is, the temple), and that those who attend upon {raprSpfiotTtf, ci. vii ,(5. ro ei'TrdpeiSpo)' t^' KvfUif) the altar have their portion with the iHar? That is, the fire claims part, and Ch. IX] I CORINTHIANS. 61 14 Even so hath tin- Lord ordaiiu-d that they which prcadi thr n(>s|nl -houlil hvc of the gospel. 15 lint I have itsrd ikhu' "f tlu-c things: luithcr liavc I wrilliii iln>c tliiiiv;--. that If should he mp d^nc n.itu iiif: for /.' 'iCrrr hillir I'mT iiu' in iir, ili.m that an> mail slioidd make my v;lMryiiii; \..id. id I'mt thoni;h I picuh the t;"-|>< !, I have nothing to nlory of: for iu'ei>-ity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto nie. if I preach iKit the gDsipcl! 17 For if I do this thi»K williiiKly, I liave a reward: but if aKaiiist my will, a (hoiK-nsation of the gosfcl is oominitted nni.. me 1^ \\ !Mt 1- my reward Ih. 1, ' I . rily 'liai. wli.n I iTr.uli the Ko,].,!. I iiiav mak.- till L;i.-i.el of (. hri^i uithoiit eliarwe. tliat I ahn>c not my power in the guiipel. the rest goes to tlic friests. Some suppose that the reference of the first elanse i> to heathen practice, otlurs to the Lcviles: more prohahly, however, l»th clauses refer to tlie Jewish prie>ts. 14, 15a. '1 lie prmeiple of this law of the oh! eovenaiit — that he wlio is en«ai;ed in sr.ored offices shoidd he maintained — is c nhrmed hy JeMis. So also did the Lord — not God. hut Jesns — ordain for those who proclaim the gospel, that they should live from the preaehinR of the gospeL '1 lie workman, said Jesus, de- serves his food (Mat. x. 10) or his waijes (Lnke x. 7). Jesus, wlio cime to " fullil " the law (iMat. v. 17) fnlfi'lcd it here also. But aa for me t^-yu), says Paul, I have made no use of thcae things, of these rights which he has so elaborately defended by appeals to analogy, scripture, common sense, Jewish practice, and the ordinance of the Lord. This has been his settled practice {Kixn/un, pf.) to make no use of them — a more comprehensive statement than -i8). 15b. Paul li.is arj:ne eoiues a^ a sudden surprise. He has argued the ca-e for others — the minister is eutilled to the support of the church which he serves. But the Corinthians net ' not he afr.iid that he is arguing for himself; the rights •which he has defended he re'ini].:i-::e. in his own case. Now my object in writing this (f)rpafa, I icrite, epistolary aorist) is not tiiiat such steps (that is, for my sup- port) be taken in my case. Not I had rather die than : he cannot bear even to utter the thought that is in his mind — "than live at the expense of a church whieh contests my right to maintenance" so he goes on: (this) boast of mine no man shall make void— the l«iast, namely, tli.it he priK-laittied the gospel for nothing. The ahriiiit turn thus given to the sentence is very effeelive. though it must lie admitted that this p.irtieular kind of elhp-e i> wry iinusu.il. if not iiuparall- led. It may partly he explained hv the faet that Paul is dictating. The great variations in tlie .\1S.S. show ih.it tlie early t-anserihers were perph \ed. Instead of oi'cVi'i, presnp- p7 — the same meaning much lc.ss passion.uely expressed 16. 17. This boast (lit "matter of glorying ) which must on no account be made void, is that Paul preaches the gos- pel zcilliout I i>,i7 III the church, not sinii>ly that he pre.n hes _ he eannot help that. For in merely proclaiming the gospel, I have no cause to boast, for it is a ease tiimi that arc umlcr the law, a-« iiimUt the law. | that I miglit ^ain them that are tmilt-r the law * .>i To thrm that an- wiihiMit l.iw, a« wifhiMit law. (liciiin ti"t with'.iil law to (i.Ml, liiit iiiuItT tlu- law to C'lirist.) that 1 nii^ht Kuiii tliviii that arc without law. sirf* a n-w.iril I'T pnnrliiim: nulfcl. lu' Iiiilily .iruini ^ lli;it. uinlrr llu' 1, riii^ I'i ]>'■• iiimnu^-iiiii - I "I'.v/'i/fii i/ { afd-^KTi \ as he II w.i^ iin|i. ,N>i|rIr Nil lu' Iiii- 111-- n w ml What then is my reward? It is nil.' «lmli (Miilil itMis til a iinIiU-. hiimIIi>1i. aiiil wliiilly >' m-ooratiit iiiitnl - - the ri-w.iril nf ili-.]!! twiiii; with ri'wanl, of pn .-i. -111111; tlic 1 i,ir in .tliiiii; : it i< that in preaching, I may make the gos- pel HI.-.V.VC/1,'" free of charge u i Ad- w .1.1), BO that I might not use to the full ) Aaraxp^'atftfai, cf Mi ,(i > the right that is mine in priK-l.-iiimni; the gospel. Al- fi.nl fxplaiiis, •• What i- llu- prospect of n ward th.it roiild iiin>ly - " n-yardiim the vvliolf vt-r-i' (not Miniily tin- lirst c1.in--t-) .-IS till' <|iu -li"n: .ni'l thr .niswrr lu- liii'N in till- ■■ K-ii'ii'i^' " ('•'(I'"")""'!. Ili.it 1^, tlic " sal\ .iiioii " HTuuTu', M v. _>_• I I if llu- uriati T ntitiilK-r (N'T, l! i- i-'il.iinly -iKiiiti- l ant. in a i-i'iitr\t ulii.-li .li-. -.i^-i . ii uard. that tlic wiird sIim'iM 'h' ri-]H-ati(l no U Iviii :;m- Mnii-~ i \r.^ -■•n ni u.iin i- ,.| , .'In 111 kiipiii-.; unh tin- --I'liit 1. 1 I ! i f I ilii--. IK M. .", wluro ho spral. . I tff I < s-.iloiii.-iii- .1 •• ..iir liopr. joy. . ^iry. i rnan cf i;lMr.\ iii-j " ( Mir v ) .-It ill. i-.iiimiL; of Miir i.. ; ' _|i-sii- 'I lu- .liiof Mt-i-li"ii 1.1 iliis vii-u i- lH:it with M-r ii( llu- llioiiuhl -ci-nis In I iIm- a siii-htly dilTrr. ii: turn \ v. iS. I') art- not >o iiiti- ti i.l-, ,, ii'u ',(! as the abovi- intcrprcta- ti'iii prff his lihcrtv, .Mt].t ni,i'a' luin-.'f XU. >•■>. r:': \ O ''\ . and ! li- '' d tint lu- iniialit uni liiiiii For icing free from all. I made myself the slave of all ,llu' inxt.-ipo-.ilinn Jrai ru-r najir || i> nii- ],. . 1, . ri-pr. .d'-. r in 1-'iil:1 i-h 1 - M: Mm ■ .( !ilu r!\-, !<:il it u:i- that 1 might win the greater number i i t liii-t and -aU.ition ( win si'iiir ( M-r. JJ). The " >;aiii ' which i'aiil f.\|n-cts from his ministry is not money, nor even maintenance, Imt souls. 30. He pr■ dial \M-re in those parts '■ ( \i t^ \ .i. .1. I'l . that I might gain thetn that are without law. In di.ilii'i; w-th the lu-.-itheii. he aoeonnno- il.it.'.i 1, ' . thrir -i nidpoiiit. a- wlu-n ill- poiiii.il li..- |H-op'i' of i \-tia lo liu- lain from laaMil and tr n'l -l s, n- .i- .-| uitiu'ss 1,, (lod (Acts xiv. i;!. and ^tid iiiori' ~tvkini:!y :it Atln-n-. wlin.- 1: tooK In- ti'\i from an iii-i-nption on a (ireik - ir. and iiiioud in his sfrnion troin a (link port (Act- wii 1. I'.nil is specially 1 ret- si lu-re to -af(-i;nard himself. He .],-..,! for thr moment, .-md to "gain" ih.-m, the standpoint of the fii'0*ioi, hnt he w.is not n-.illy iSi-omos: he acknowledged tlu- iircat !.!w of Cod which had found Its perfect e.\pre.->Kjii in Christ, so that he Ck. L\] I CORINTHIANS. 63 i2 To the ucak iHcaiDo I as wiak, tliai I iiiiis'lit nam the wcafc : I am made all tliiiiK- to all men. that 1 might by all nu'ans sasc sdiiu- And till* I do for ihc giMpcl't sake, that I might be partaker thereof «itb is in law in rctfi-cl .•/ Christ. Here again (cf. i. iii. jj) the connection ol Christ and God is striking, as. To tiM weak I bccamt weak— nnt <.,l hnt -han-d thi-ir w<'akiii'>s — that I might gain the weak. Tho vm ik an the siTii|iul..us (VIII, 71; ami llhuinh th>,nii:h knowU iljic, Paul ri^i-; ahovo ihcir MTiipU', ill /(': ,• hi- sb iri N it ( viii 1 ). I !k all- Iiiit four 1; i^tr.iiioiiN i>i the polii-y ih.U K"V efTorts are abundant, but his h<>iHs are modest — for the salvation of some: he knows the stern realities with which he has to contend. The word save deiines the word nain: he saiiis thcin hy saving tliem. 33. Not only this particular policy of aocoinnindatioii. l.iit ill Paul'- arts, were dictated hy his N.m- tor the i;o,p,i. And Hot only this hilt all things I do for the gospel's sake, that I may become a joint (at f) partaker in it .!iid ns iiirsMiiL;s - - e-pccial!y its |i]r--!nL,' of -.ilv.ition . .tutctui, viT. J_M. In hi, I'tiort to oilurs. ' ,• must iiot f..rt:it or lUKlcct Ins own sa.\.i- tioii. I lu sc uonis ari' ih.cr.u-ti'ri.nl, as IUn^;' l niiiark-. \'\ t;r<.it iiiodr^iy: in- ami is to become a sharer tii7/i oliurs. This V liole passat,'!' (ix. I-J,U is written with oon-idiralile w.irnilii. and i hi-ir.it.'s both the practical wisdom .md ihr s|,nii ial greatness of the anost^. h, (.;i;ir, r.ipid lotiic lu ari-iies for the maintenance of the ministry hy the cluirch, and In- .iryiiiiitiits are in large measure still valid One who gives his whole time to the spiritual niirliire of others oiiRht himseif to \k relieved of sordid anxieties. Work that deeply ti>iielu s the mind or heart can ne\cr he adeiiuately recomiici'sod in money, and it is surely tia KrCiit Ihiii^ (\>nviction. After iiKhtiiiK the h.itile lor others, he refuses to share in the spoil, of victory. .\iid he refuses for Uie I goNpel's sake: he i- fearful of offering to j •! any n; .inu r of hindrance through any ! act of In i ver. To accept even the in.'-t iiu.ii;ir remuneration fur preaching ' nn.nht, under the circumstances, have rx- p. -id the "k^oc.il uiws" to tnisrepresent.i- ition, .ni.l i'l :| will i.iIm- Dm ti,U lie pre.lv Ik s l)i e.in-e hi' c.niiiot li. Ip it, .md he 'Ie-' '^'s iiii r. ward l"i ili.it, ilu- onU re- ; w.ird he ileMir- i- ih,. -.iK.ition o| tllosi- I lor wliov, « ,1^^. ),,. lien,, , hiiiisi if. IlUideiit.ely wi' i;et :i cnnip-e of the secret of Pan!'- o\ > rw lu Imrii; pow er as a preacher: he pr, , hed under an irresisn- lile impnl-e, and with tin coii-eiousiiess that a divine constr.nnt w.is u|m..i hnn. "W'dc is me if 1 |.re.i, !i no! " - ili.u ,s i],,' stuff of which the great pri.aliers are made, the Luthers, the Wesleys. the White- tields (ver. 1(1). .And a preacher of this kind, when his authority is challenged, can n-iially, though not perhaps hivariably, lioiiit to r. - dt, " Are ye not my work in the Lord ' " 1 \ rr. i 1 lint iiotlniii,; I.. Mer illustr.-.tes I'aill's greatness as ,1 sp in^ 1 ii.idir than .lii* power of ad.ipiiiiy hin:- \i to a!! -..r|, and e .iiditioiis of 111. 11 ; .111'! It is ti, u ill. : n'.uiy uIm a-pire to l.e K.rier, t,,: Thoiigll a < liri>tMii. I'. nil ret.riud e. .midetely his p..wer to look at the uorM u i, ihe eyes ot the I w : lli..i!udl hnn . !l .1 ni,n. of hio.id d of t'n l.ro.id, t nni d he c.iulil 'nuli rsl.ind. :.-:d lor pr.i, ii, ' piiip..-< s share, till' scrupN s of tiie n.i 1 o nv 'nm.ied. Snch he i-illid Hot hi-. !, h ii |,!o!|i, r, .\ sniffle ilh!-M-,.!:on nia\ lie !,;',, in hoin the situ.itioii n. ihe ehiire! io-di>. |)et\nders of the iiiod-rii w. w o| ,• ,.,,„ j,nies spe.ik of file snT ; :,ri,-i, ,,f ortli .dosy " in langii.igi- that k liar-h. discoin teon-, and provocative of ill-feelmg; hut that is I surely not the w.iy i.. "win som,- " If I a man is to be won, he must fir>i h;- un- ! derstood ; his standpoint niiist he not only i intelligently, but synipatheticaHv e. lusid- I ered. The weak will only be sav ed by one 64 I C'OKIXTHIANS. [Vh. IX .'4 Kii' W >f II"' tli.ii 'li'V which rttn it» a r,ii •• riMi I. u ciu m-t ivi th tliff liri/< ? Sm rni". >!■ in.ij ulilaiti Ami cvrry m.m that strivcih for i ho ntaMi-ry tinipiratc iii all lliiiiK>. N 'W they tli< il t" iilitam a inrniirtitilc cri>wii; t»,t »f an iiiciirnti'lil'Ir. jit I tluTcfore fo run, nut a* nitocr- taiiily : mi ft^ht I, not a* oik- t'lMi I" .ii. 'h the air : r.ii! I kr« p iiii'Kr 'iiy l«'il>. M.l hfiiiK It ml' Miliui ti"iii ; It »i tli.it l'\ .my means, wifui I have |>riachnl tu ■ /.;/.• i is. -'4 -.T*. 11ir lliMii'.'liI limlrtl .it Hif o1ii-i- nf viT. that I'a^l lia- i.i coiisi,!, r In- .'«n ^.'il- '".il'i'ii .1^ vmII i- I'l.it of . ill 1 \\"il,ii! .lit III i!i I'-'ii with i.;rial and ::ial'ii'>' 34. Do you not know - 1 . "int'iiaii rirc "f > ' • . I'i' ^ ' " -'i ' Ip ktii.wi'u: that of those who run in the race-course — llu' sUitiium wa- a!' I .i't ,-1 (|iMr,i ..f a mill m lrnL;t!i - while all run, .11 > one gets the prize, m'" . . Will I'l.iiir.i m.iiiv 11 .miu'tiior^ uilli till- --iii.'lr umtur I 111- ( iriiitliiaii- w.mlil In- 1 -)ir. i,i]I\ t.miiH.ir Willi tin- Utlimiaii n;nr - Il Ii.iiil 111 will till-- raci' — all' an- 111 ' iriii «l. all .'ire li'iii|ii rali- ( ViT. lull cuily oiu- i^ \ irt.ii - .iiul it i- <(|iially li.iril, ..r iiilinitrly liarili r In win llic Chris- tian race; il is iiot ciioiiKh to enter for it. 'Iherefoie run in that fashion — like those e.irne^t. ti iiiperate 1 •. ■ i .'51 riiiiiu r-, or i.itlirr. like til'- -.iH'iT»-l; l '"'I'lulH'ir — in order that ye may attain the prize ( N"t " niii ill -I' ll .1 way .ts to atl.iin " wliii-h «";■•''! r.i'ii'r lir '■'>""f haTa\afUiv \ . 25. Now ai llu- iit'ik K'l'm^ every combatant, ami ii"t ilu- winiur al"ti<'. ex- ercises in all things p"..itne self-ccn- trol. wliii'Ii i-^ ni'Ti- t!i m nu re la-iMliv e al.'Mii-iii r ' i'l- mv^i ill- /Vi.v '':, ii iiij.i/i '' |-",.r ii-ii in ntli- In f'Te tin- i-.iiili >l. lllr e'.tiii" lil'ir^ \\< r-- iiiuii r tlu -truti'-l "!'li.:.i- ti.'ii^ I'l n ii.iin li - iii r\ ii> Mi'l' l'^. lu e wliiell tiiii;h! ii.ne 'mpaif il tlu ir Mri r,ij(!i. verily, ili. 1 . 1 i ;mu 1 . that they may get a corruptible crown '-f piiu- lra\> s (Mich at this tune was \hc rewaril in the 1-tliii iaii Lianu-N). we l.'liri-tiaiis on the Other hand, an incorruptible crown of eteni.il lilt ( cf. I Tim. vi Ijl. a6, 27. I'he pri/c of tlie Christian race w.is iiitinitcly more precious: therefore I for my part bo run as not uncer- tainly t hi. >\ol u>u-l,-iiil\ ' his course w as 1 lt\ii': he saw the goal ami pre-^seil >teailily anil »lreniioiis|y nn to it Ih- chaniic- tin* itieiaplior from" riiniiinR to I»..\iiik. I" hriii« iiiiit llu- ulr.i nf llu V iijor with h1ii. Ii liic /"<• mii^l 111- ;i>-.iil"i| So (enipli lie. .I'ul .ilni'i^t piciori.ili I box, as one beating a I'.i! t neiny. not air. llu l lin-ti.in ^tr ic- -I'- II. i| a -li.iiii tiyhi. hilt a liylil uiih . - I 1:1 nil wli' iii -iiii'ly li'"\\~ tim ' •Mi'i. r.ml km u \» II' ri 1 1' lu- -].• ' c lu had ■ il •'.■■^\\t w -ill il. ,1 .It I I'll- • " ' ■■■ >■ >. Hut on the contrary I beat my body — ,11 /.. ! V i!ie . n. •!!> black and blue, and lead it away captive Ii'ki a I P .1; I . Ill !. lest haply, after hav- ing heralded - ih.m .11 to others, I should turn out to be rejected myself. I he i'ii.i-.;ri y I'l ll.e U-H"' - 1^ kepi up thro'iyll- nil! llu- pa--.;i.V iirwridiu' t'l strike a lie.nv li'nw ill the face, lniu.ith the eyes i(i)ro. uy). It i^ the wonl u-uli i\ is also read in the text hefore US.) unpHat. the regular word fnr />'<-i;i /if«.t;, appears hen- tn have a flavor of iN primary cnnnntatii 'ii. actins as lirriilj — h>it>tt. tlie luLild aiiiu niiiced tiie cniulitinns of the K-ame and the names of the \ u inrs : ASohipuit, one who is rejectid U'rom the prize). 'Ilie -treimiMi-iu-.. ..(' I'a-.ilV Iiiiuinli is sinl.inL'ly I'lii-u.ihd hy tlii^ na ■-. i;'-. I lu- i -.1 It r. -ii.iiiil «!,!i li la- pr uti^c- 1- I'T ilie ^H'r.piT, ~,ike l\ir iji. for nllu-r"- - ike I M r. _'ji. .1111! 11"! Il for hi» own ^,ike. Ill- U'iik I'-r nilu r^ il-.c- ii"! t \'iii|iL liiiii fri.m work upon him^elt: lu- laci - the I" ,-,^llilllty of 1-is ll!tiin,lli-|y ln-lli!4 tllC pri/e I vi-r J7 I Tlicri I'nre he inn^t tiullt, tnr Mill!, with, m :!!! ea.rn'.-^!!!'- -- : his hody is the enemy ( Koni. viii. !.?>, and it \ nuist he a light to the litiish (,3oi'Xo">a)Trw). I I lie "hrui-inK" of the ho.ome extremists have taken it, literally: it is a figure, just like the ruft- ning of the race. But it sihiws the deadjy earnestness with which Paul eni?a(ied in I this struggle with himself. The struggle Ch. X] I CORIXTHIAXS. 65 , , jf.itli.r- \\.r, under thp clotitl. and all • " ^' ' '■•'^ "' I ,--..1 I- tl,' ,. I M.HInM.H. 1.1. till. II, 1 I!,.? ill. It A,., I .,11 ,„„., M,,»t., ,„ >c ^liotiM Ik- ignorant, lu>vv tli.it ali i>iir tin- ih'uA .iii.l ni tin- m .i ; with till- lioily and all that it -.lanfls for, 1' II' I, if '.I I'l' » ri'>u., .1 Ik.iIiiik i.f tiic air, bill a vm<-i1iiik wiili i Nlrmiij. riM.liiti-, ami iniplaiMlilc f> own virm;- kK- 1^ »i» sivtn', till I iiiii(iiMti> aiul I'tliir nion mii-t xi- i.. n iIm' • lluir -triiKuIi- aii.l thci It 1^ iinly hy j.i riiMtiin« at liic drfi'k tiaDH'N — ilia; .llU I, lit /a . V iniu r I he ciiniiicli"ii lulwn ii ihi> iiaraiirai h and the la^i. ob>ciirecl hy i!k- iii<" n i.f A. \ ., i' MTV iiitiiii.iU- i ■>"»': l< \ . I. Paul has Just been >h<>\\inK t!ie o\.r wltelniinn iiii|i u. IT I. , .1 ; , ir 1. .ii. - M. a. l.rd the distrt. Iii..-e wli.. s'.ii,:,,,,! .nid -an" mer tl'e vietcry at the Knl S. i. iiisriiiihi.ins take In,.!, and not iH-eome like them Kl bini tli.il thiiikelh he st.inilelh take heed lest !ie fall. If l-r:;,! f,!l. .ind I'aiil eonkin|.!ates i,,r bin - t it I.-ast the possibility of a fall, K t tiu ( : nili Mils ln ware. r'nither, this discussion r.f aiu-ient Israel's sacramental expirienees of bai tism ami tiie slipper prepare the way fo: tlie di-i iission of the Christian sacrament and what it in- volved I \ I t-xi _?4). i-S. riie l oiitr.-ist in vv. 1-5 !- 1" tui . 'in- ()// - ir({rr«t (ive times repeali-.l «li.. Ii.id enioyi-i| hiyh privileee. ami the \ ■ ry smkiII minority (only twei) — oi!« if roit w\tio— I would not have you igno- rant, brethren iihi- ktii.I'> a.!. . . b. tore the uriM- waitiiMKi this phra-e o.eiirs s> \eral titltis iiitrodiit'e an flllKT Hot .1. be lijiioii .1 I , i t I'ai: iitipor; I. i|'i,ii. b I K > pi-l! siil.: . usually to I . \N 1 1 • I 1 1 Is ' o\.. n . • .k. I\ t.> I . that, though . . 1 inder the cloud III I \ \iv. JKh the U .1 Sea, iiernsclves bajiti/ed ALL our father m ; will. !» siTd.d •' and ALL [ ■ ' and ALL 1 , . 1 . .arr. i o r , \jnXn i , M OSes, and ALL drank the sanT" st^iiitual fond and ALL drank the same spititiul drink — for all (Ii u \ they kept drink- ing ,.>,.,,„. in I t I ' a spiritual rock which oii!.nu.i::> followed tiam i and the reck was Christi: thmiv;!!. m -li. n. ,,• ' our f.ithers etii..yiil th. privileges, yet not with the greater part of them m d.i-d only with ( ,1,1, an. I J..-I,iia I Niiin. xiv. .^o)— was God well-pleased: S.I .lispl. ised uas I!,, that II.. d. ir..v.il th. Ill - for they were laid prostrate in alh in the wilderness t Nuni. xiv. id). t.r I itli. rs of the J ..I lliiiikuii; of r- ehiireh I ' 11,1 i ::t th.. r.ith. r .is . tie with - th.it whi.-h 11. Ji ). .111.1 i- • I :. .11 u it!i til. 111. .T. . -ii I'> illu-tr.it l-'ael. b it al-o i'lti-iii //;.• iC.'.- ...I. M, I .\ er-li.i. !.! b. be n ;•. ■ f thf l« <. the till- <• I.-.l t. I' t! . V V. . r I'.it \'r. eus 1:1 the .1' 111.- an.-i.iit I fLtUl i.-.l s ; 1 I III- \ lb. in s'ru-tly the is proiiablv f .III' i(ii be preferred t.i the e-t-ier ..(tTMff«7,(rai'. wbi.-h is read hy some MSS. I'.y iliis . \p ri. n. r they aekiiow!e.|ge.| their alleui.iiii-. I \'..s, -. uave themselves over to his I, .1,!. 1 iiip. and. in this sense u-rre haftisi J ini/,. him. as Christians were hap- tized unto Christ. The analogy iKtwten 66 I CORIXTHIAXS. [Ch. X And did all cat the same spiri;.i:il liu'.it ; 4 An.] .li.l .ill ilrink the -.im.' ^|.iritn.il (Ir'iik . t. r llu v (lr:ink of ili.il -inntii.il H.Kk ili .i follo'wi-d t»K-ni: and that KtK-k t liri-l. 5 I'.iit with 111 • ' 1 ■' "1 I . ■! v\a> udl pl. a-. (1: fi>r they were overthrown 111 llu- uiMiriHs-i. (, Nnw tluso tilings were our examples, i,. I Ik- iiiit nt wc should nut lust after evil tliinijs, as thov also lusted. 7 Neither i>v ye idolaters, as tx r,' some ..f tluin; a- it is wntttn, llu- i>e<>i>le sat trail's txprruiii-i' :it tin- Kr.l Sr.i .md baptism Is. Id llu- iiUMl.rn iiiiml. >rr:.inily not vt-ry ohi-c. I li<' I'^nil a i' i'l j -i-tmu anal.i-j,ir~ In-lwi-rii aiu u ill I -r.:rl anil tin- ('liii-lian i-linnli. ami m lin.livi,' in Ur.u l'- liiMiii->- aiilu ii-ali-'iis iiKli"iit tlic wilder- Ill--- w .-null Vint;'-. ai-ocirditi« .»<.". 3, 4. .Ill (III- till- Siimc stiritiiiil f<^->a — ii()"i llu- same as we Christians eat: lint all alike, each ate the s«uiie as tlic ..lli< r, though the results were so diffi ri-iil i i t. S) : ami all drank the sumc sfiriUt.il dnr.k. The food and the drink are tin- iiMiiiia (Kxod. x\i. 1.1 tT t aiul the wat.-r .-l Uviilu- dini ( l-.x.'d. \\ li. l ' at llu- ..in- . lul ot the waiuli-rnu;-. and "f K mU-s|i ( Nnni. xx. :.'ff.) at the nilu-r. lint wliy llu-ti sl^n itu^il ' 'Hie ui;iiiiia and tlu- w.-itcr an- rcjiri -nilial as luiraiMilons : the iiiann.i. i-.i: is in I's. l\xviii. J4. I'ii'hI tViiiii lu-:i\. n. 'I lus is part "f till- incaniiii;. Inil n- 't llu- wlu'lr "t it. 'riir nnrai-nl'ins ni:iiiiia u is iiiirmlrd t(i |,,,inl ii!- n lii->"ii.l It -. if tM llu- rr.Mliii'^- aiul -iislainini; p"U\ ,-\ . i-\ lliiLi; llial ^.r. .m iK-lli <>\\X^ ,,f tl-.i- in.in'lli i.f 'j>-li..v.ili .l.illi m.in live" (|)i-iit. viii ,il. 'l lu- manna li id a fl-:r:lii.i! \aliiv: It was a ti-slimcny to ;i splnri- ln-- yond that of natural and sensuous expe- iii-iui- 11 1. ii. U • ■■ so also the water, str-H-k from tlie lliiity roek (of. I's. Ixxviii. i;f. I. Tiu' fooi! and drink wiTe intended 'o sustain the sti'it as well as the hody, .and to stri-iiRthen faith in a spiritual ordiT. Indeed, these tliiiiRs were witnissis n.>t much to ail ordi r as to a f >>'■■' i'"<''' - prestMU-e of Christ. Tlio watii wliuli tht-v dr,ink came fi ^'in .i .^fintudl < . /.• te/iiV/i f. u \s Christ. Tills 'thoniilit may li.ivi- 1. . " -n^- Resled to I'.iiil hy tlu Ji-wisli iriditioii tli.-il tlu- |si:u-litis were aoi-. imnani.-d on tlu-ir iiu.r.-li I \ a r. • - k " ;.-lol,ii!:ii. Iik.- a bee-hive." wliuh rolU'il alti-r tlie cani]!. The use of the word spiritual shows tliat I'anI ilul ii.>t himsi-ll lit.rally a.l. pt this i;roir ..|i;.- tradition. Imt la- al'|H-ais iii this '|..i--,iL:r I.. lia\, ,-ul..l.t.-. 1 il. llu- Iliaillia ami llu- w.iur ithoiiKli oii'.y the latter is sj,<-cith-.illy ailtuU-d to in thi> cimneetion) are inaiiiusiatious of the wonder-workiuK ini-si'iK-r not so nnich of (lod, as of thrisi, .u-corilniK to this passage. This implica- tion of Christ in Israel's early history is wry rare in the New Testament: for an- other illiistr.ilion. if 11 1. xi. Ji<. where Mi>ses in KKyiH luars "tlie reproach (if Christ." C. -nsuli ritiL; the pn-i-i-dinii refer- ence to li.ipn-m, aii.l 111.- s.,ilis,-,|iu-iit a!ln- tjiii! td til. l.-'id's supiu-r ( vv. Kit. I. it seems lii..;hly pp.li.ilile tliat I'.'iiil ret;ar(led llu- f... .,1 ami drink of the wilderness as .s\ml...lu- ..f lliat s.,ippi-r. ' 5. Main wen- c.illed. Imt few were clu.-<-n. .\ll were priviiemil, all hut two were destroyed. ] list as ill the (ireek r.ices, there were iiiany competitors, but only one w inner ( 1 \. -'4 ' ■ 6. Tlu- -iiiMtion ill aiuieiit Israel bids lair to he n p. .lU d in Cormih. .-ind that st..ry w as wniti n that we may take warn- in'4 ' r.iiil n. IS on to point the mora! more iNpheilv Now these things— Israel's initial privileges and ultimate fall — were made examples for us (rather than tn these thiiv^s llu'v /-ni;.-;/ M^r-V of us) to the end that we do not lust incessantly (lit. /'.' not lusters. f'7rirti-/u»7Tdt) after evil things, as they on their part t 1 lusted. Ilistorv is too apt to repeat it-eU": Ihry and the fatlurs (ver. it .in firm — antl se> the sin roIK on. niiii ss we allow ourselves to he l:iu-^ht hy the f.ite of the fathers. Tlu-y lusted after the K""d tllillijs of |-;.UMit w inel-i they li.e! h II hi - hiiui (Xntn. SI. -I. 3'- -"d Coriiiil'-aiis I ar.- -imil.iily tempted hy the at'- letiotis of the lleil ill. 11 life which they had nominally ahaiidom-il. i 7. .\fter this ^ener.il w;irtiin'j. Taiil now j ; n'Mu r,!|i - the t.-mpl at i. >ns in det.iil. hirst ; an. I t'.!i,.!;ii'u -ital was ul.il.itry. Do not be- I come idolaters, as some of them, that is. ; ,|„. l-T-,K i:i.-- I lial w.i- til. ir I-. uiptatioll as it stands in scripture i I'.xo l. xxxii. 11. " The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play." on the occa- i sion of their makitig of the Rolden calf — Ch. X] I C'OKINTHIAXS. 67 down to eat and drink, and rose up tn play. K NcitluT let tK I'lniniit luriiioatioii. a-> sotiK- nt thi-ni oomnulli .1, aiul fi ll i;i oiu- (lav tliri'C aiui twriity lli.'iiNainl > i il 1(1 N'litlur iiiuriiiur yc. as sinno of till 111 aKii iininmiml, ann liMl c ye .ire al.!< w itli (111- lc"iipl,itt 'i; .i' . iii.iki' escape, that ye iii.iv lie alile to he tint (iod to lie : lint will a way to :ir It and no less is it yunr temptation in Cor- inlli. I he |M,iiu>il n tVrence l i im/hi^; in coniuctiiiii with iiliil.itry recall> the lirna.l- ininik'd hruiiier v.hn -at at t.iMe in tlie idol's temple (viii. mi ami rt i r. i-pectively condemns his ci>ni!iu't as pranu-al i ' i!.itrv (cf. vi r. _'i 1. W lu tiuT till- pl.iy ( i!,.//, oi Mxod. .\x\ii. ig) t'"'k ;i lie. nl > fnrm or not, it is nut w ilhcnit -i-^niii liin r th.it the apiivtle nniitinils tnririaii'Mi miinc- di.iti'ly alter idMl.iiry Ni. I he wor- ship (if .Xplir.iihto ill I'i'riiilii eirtainly in- volved ininmraiity, tiiiiiiv;li it i> li.in'.lv likely tli.it a Christian woiilil need to he warned against participation in such a cult as that. 8-10. Nor let us commit fornication, as aome of them did with tlie .M...ihiti.|| women, as recordcil in Xnm. xxv. I This immorality was also the result of idolatry; and the end of it was that there fell in one day twenty-three thousand — twenly-four thousand, according to Num. XXV. g. Apparently this is either a slip of memory on the p.irt of I'anl, or an error (it -Mi.ie transcriher uho nii-tiMik 5' I'cr -/. Nor let us put the p.itience of th. Lord to the test, (ef. N.ii.ih \ii. \,\) as some of them did, when they complained that they had been brouRht tip out of Kgypt to pencil in the wiideriie--- ( N'mn. wi. 4-*i; cf. xiv. jj), and they were destroyed ; I d7rui,w\i i'7-o. yr.'ipliio r, ;;.|' i by the ser- ^ pentS. Tilis te-tinii fit tile ilivill'' p.ilie'ire, ■ tins eha'.K n-iiiii "t tlu w;,;*- li...!. akm to the uiiCH/wrii;.,. ,iu.ii!i-t uhuii I'.i 'l prneee'N to e.i"Moii 'he f. ■rilithi.iii-. Nor murmur, as some of them did on many (H-ea-!oiis let, Xiiiii. .• i\ j > . hi! ii; tienl.ir on- tlie oeea-ioi; . f th,- r.V I'i ii of Kor.ih I \mn. \\ i. .ji >. and tney were de- stroyed by the anuel destroyer ( Nnm N\i. -ii)--!')) uho (1,-tro'. ill, |"ir-t hoiM (if the Ki;yptians (h;\..(!. xii j,5), iiiiiiy I-r.n'iti.'- .'ller the pi e-nniptnon-. -ill of n.-iM.I ( Sam. wiv. \i<) and tin .\-- syrian host in Ile/ekiah's time i Uai.ih xxxvii. 36). As the mnrmurinR for which I-rael w.is thus punished w.is at;ainst Muses and .Xarmi (Num. xvi. 41) it IS piissihle. tliotiith the point should not he i)re-.-eil. ili.it tlie tirirninrinn against V luh he i- cautioiiiiin th,' (.ormthians is ai ini-t himself .md In- fellow -workers - ■•Keli, lor ex.imiile, a> the ch;ilIeiiKe >f his apo-tle-hip ii\ 1 (1 In f.iviir ot this view is the fact that he .iddre-ses his cau- tion I, ere, ,1- 111 viT. 7, ill the second pcr- -oii, w';r: , ,,. Ill \\ S. I), he iti 'liides Iiim- se(-ond eotnim;. The Christian eliiircli wa the heir of .ill the ))a-t : history .■iilminated in it. .aiiil liie ie--oMs t.iu.nht hv the pa-t Were for thi ehiireh'- .uhnonition Consequently. ,1- ;i f.,11 1- only i,.o po— 1 lile (witne-N the hi-lory of .ineieii! l-r.ul i '-t alluded to) let him that imagines he stan.'s, ,1- the l 'oniuhi.ni-. «ilh llieir proiii to eoiieeit, im is;ined. bcwarC Icst he fall. I h.;t i> the :. --..ii of llie pa-t. lliit. tlioiii;!, till re is the ehanee (.f falliny, there is .il-o III.- eh.in.-. ..f ..\.-rconu!u : f or temptation has n( t overtaken you except such as men ean bear ( h' im - i(, and ' ' (1 . God c. n be trusted not to let you be tempted i eyond you strength, but with fh" tempt, n ion he w also make the way out. so that you can bear up under it. In . i'.m word-, there i- ik t'd of \ii!i! :;ee (.^XfTiru'i on t.n. part of man, aii'l taith in the Kraciuia 68 I CORINTHIANS. [Cn. X 14 win n fiTf. my (Uarly l)fli)vc•' wll.ll I v.is It, I < iij. i'i ■■ U A ■ ! :• -. i» It in.t till' i-i •mtmiiii. '11 "I lit ill I "! ("Iiri-t"' ilif tirt.iil vvliiih uc Irtak. it iii't ilu- coniniiinion of the Itmly of 17 1'. r \' (• /'.•iiijij Itl.l! > I'l li'.'.,'!. I'lu- l"i.l\ : t'T \vi .in .i.l iMlLiUir^ i>i th..t lr..iil iS 1;, h..! ! 1m,i. I a!!iT til' \]' -h : arc I'..' i!n \ u';ti!; . ' ••I llic >acrttu- I - "t lilt- .'il'-ir ■ ami tin- -iii^-'Ihn p • I • i- will w.it. h l!i.-r u!i.i h tl'mi-i I\. V Paul li> liiM .! t;.. t il l . '':« ' nril'T of tlmii:^ w 1- i > ii ■ .!i '• i! u 1 r:\ ■'' li - '■'■< ■ li' ,!, , . I. ' • , . :1 : 1 ■: «■ : !i il , ,11,1 . , .f !h. ■ • • I'"' •' V, "-i- till-; tr",i- "f I'lir • n n av'r ;ii;il ' , N , ! V II :. .rv li.;- i'--:i ,1 m ' - 1' ,,,,.!" ami i!~ i ; - ■>'<■ t'T •>- ' 'I 'ii' , wMit. ,.|' !-■ !• "~ lr,-:-'r\ !i!:',im l\. „,..,,• <,r 1. , I '11. > ii ■ "It ai! Ir • •■ v 11 iii.iy In- -.ii'l : '.' , >.■ .' >' '<■ ' fU-.i IIS / .■>■',■ ."i ' •'■'■',■« /'•■I- Clll" iIl/lJ! ■ I' 1 \ 1 r 111. Illl~ -lltl"!! illii-.ti;ii<^ llii' - 'Inlarj nilliti iiof a .,| il:, |, :-!. / .■.■••II',/ II. 'I !i.i. ,■ \ i( i^:ii,>'(;/i/. I" , lii: ,11. \\ I- an.- ri'ttiiiiiU ■! "t till' iiti>-!i,>'i "I 1. /',/,.' \r »•■.' '■•■<■/ --what D.ivul ,!ii!: Ml 1' ■■ pa-t a i,f iti~triu-t 1. 11 a- il a rcv*- ialiuii «>f till' wav-. of (i'mI Willi nit 11, I Itr rr th,- /V K.'lt.i-.' iv.. IJ-J.-t. 14. I !h- pri \ ' - iM' - ! .ii.'i w .,~ a L'l n- cKil vv.iriuiit; a'j.iiii-l ' ,1 .i.i.', r "t ri - an, I iii'-ii- ii.iili'-il.it'v .1 u.irr.iiii.', aL:.iiii-t .1- \ . ll w ,1 • tl.i- lali .^ ' t Is-.,, 1 I'lai :, .1 t'l,' I nii.M'i. :i It! \. r. .i'i,l li;i' tii-i '.'i,- i" ii- -iH. iii,- \^ i!'i- fiu- i..n. •• i >•• ! • • • •••• I '-" t I, r r 1, It 1 ; ■■■'..! I' ■■■■ ■> 'll '' tl" 11, \l -iiti,,!! -ill! Iicjin .'I II "ia> lio. J. M.;:.- .iipi-.,-r. tl.i ! i^l ".ui: , lid- » , : , w i.l- Wherefore, my be- loved. Hce from idolatry. \hr |,.i:tuiilar 111'. Mil, -11 to wliuli till- < 'iTiiriii.i'i- VM u- , . |. . ,1. .\ .1 .. .1- \\ f li:,>. ■ •• , 11 ' ' ? II"''- "II M'l. ,1 pri'lial'ly that in\"'\'il iti ■t.ii- tii-.: ill' :r 111, ml" r li'p in I'.iii.iit . Inl,- 1 wlp.-h ^^"ii w.i- I' III!-: I,'! I'\ ...iii'i: ■! I iri n'lp .1 1' '1 - '11 a -.1. T II.' ■• ,1,1-1 I ' if tivipati'^n 111 ■'•'1 a ; all. ii;i;li'-t 111- funipatilil,- will p'.i! ;.ati. " Ml tin' l."lil\ viipp. r. ,in.| ilii- ■ ■ " ' ' ^ - ■ •' 'ill pr, a' , ,1 nil- 1 '1' -~ l!: ' ' .t, 15, 16. I speak an to men of v. 1 sense: jttdge of my statemenu for your- selves (i'i'»i!i A- t'.T ill'- \\':.!'. .it liic iii-liiiili"!! ,'f till- -nppi-r. .I> ■ 11 1 --, '1. •al uli ili I- riiiu, Uii"\Mi .,- the cup of blessing, tlu i ip which we. r ii ili,- ,li"'.li ..I l.ii .'i. "!■ p, v: .ai~ till' pr, -iiliiii; iniiisfr "II 1, h.i i bless (tli.it i-. tin- . :p I n , r u 'i ■! w <' , •11' r a p' 1; "i I' Hi'.; •. I M ■' k \ --i »' \ ■> «i'\„-, TjTMi does it II 111- , !ip> not con- stitute a fellowship in the blood of CHRIST. 1 ' ■:■]'. ai.y III. .III!' r 'if f. l- ■ 1- -i.-i- . • r. iM' - As for the bread wliich we break, does it not constitute a fellowship in the body of cn K 1ST ? I III' I! :p 1- nil nil, "It 1 In- 1 (ire llh- liri.iil. a- in l.iiki' xxii. 17. l'), lint cf. .'(1 It 1- ii"t inipi'--iMi' tliat liu- .-.•tf ./ :h:,-.r< liic - iiiu- ii.ani''. in tin- p.i--"'.iT li:i-l : till' I'l'l ii.iim' w.!-^ c ii- f,ii;-.| ami i r.!!i ■!' >riin il I'V ih. M, --iiiu .{ ( Iin-l 'lu" i»i' .'- "1 f' '.l"W-!iip arc li, rc -lii^ci -t' ll lai ill., I the nunili, r- uilli 11 ;h, r — |.\ . -i' ; .'''i •intii: in .•..nu- •!. til. V .-.r. 1." . .' . 'Im 1' .It "f I til'- 111. 111!., r- Willi t iiri-t : lli.it w!'-. 't lli'-y I -li.iif '.n .11:11'. 11 1'. .i ! t' ■ .'. ' ■" a !!', i-'in. (h'li liiiii-i li ill II . - . ' iiri.il .i-p'.-l. -Mill" li.T,'. l-v till |.;.. il -i.i'l ami tin li. 'Iy' In- Im-!1. I i'.c a--. ., • '. 'H "f tl'c iia ii'l,,! - witli I'hn-t i.- .1- r, 1 a- ih, ir <'i.,li .11 ■,'."•!! I a> !i I'tli' r. " I'. p"\\,r ,.' •! c .'^.u -"I •• i- ii-'i'artc'l l,, tlu ni i" ,' ,. r.nm M .ii"! ilu y luC'tiic .a iii '';.: I a':,l a ft' u-lnp in \irt i, . I tii. ir i"'n- 1 I! 11 ri'l.it: -11 t" linn." It 1- t nari ly , >li.irir,._' in :i tilt, l.nt nr'.-ti will .'i I'l r-"n. 17, 18. 'II.c -irc-- "f .irL'Hin.- nt lic-i 'i,n till- f'!!..u-!:'p of tin ii'iiii!"!- witii ( I'.'M.'.'. will !) 1- in,'"inpaliM'' willi their i i> tl"W !i:p wiih ilcni,.n-: ••!-■ \~ p.ir, 11- I Tii''t!c.illv iinl'c.iti 'i the niip'.riima. "f 'I 'ir jr 'l"\v-ii'|) will '.lu' ail. 'ill.' li;. ir 1 , . 'IMll' .11 p.U ' 'I'-it :■ '11 111 ■ I'l l! I Scei^^; there is one bread, we, r'l.mv though we he ' 'i; ii:,iir are one t)"dy, for we all have a share from I'M the one bread. \L;ain-t t'<- irr . - 11, ,11 iii .\. \ aii'l k. \'. r'f,,r I'.'. !" i ;j in.iny ..r, oin' l.r, i.', .I'l.l "ii' !,,..1\ \ \ " M'l 'Iil: that Ui . u . .ir, tr.i'u. .lu- ">!ic bread, one body," I'I \' 1. the f\trciiie Ch. X] I CORIXTHIAXS. 69 !•) \\l;..t v;,y ( 'lu'Il- tli.it the 1 .•1 ^ .■ iMiuiit ilriiik i! 1- ri |i I'l tilt- anMhiii^;, ..r ili.it winch i> ■•lllTcl III I ; 1 i.r. !. .111.1 'In 1 lip i.| ill \ ll- \-, . itirii.' lu- t\cc Ic . 111. .N 1^ .i;u liiiii^ • (Kr: - ■1 '!ii- Lor. I'- i.iMi, . ll.! .'I iho -M Ilut / .f.jy, lli.i! rli. whii !i tin- l.i! Ii lit i! Ml. ( It lltill N --.H I It'uT. till \ -.1 >i lt;. r til 1 loils , "■' •! . 1 and r.i.t u< l.-.l: :ii:.| 1 > I' ■■111 'u'll l;.i\ 1 !. r. ''A -111] «.-.:!il 111. tll.lt 1 il^j ' .it i- Ui -If. 'ii^. r !;i Ultll >\i\ iiiljir.iliiil'ility i-f hrt\uf lu'iin: nsril in two oiltirily liilTtTiiit v. n^.-^ in oiu- .li. it \.r>i' -•in till' t'liriiirr li ilt t'lktir.ii :\ • Is . ;ii tin- I.IMir liliTili li-.iy !h- iir^.'l -',11, iiiiivt h,,,,- It.. |.,r,, : ' I'im.iIm- I I\ \'. : Mil- i.,in.,kir-, \ \.i , / ' wi.'ilil ri.|iiri- till' ■.iinplo i;i-iiit!\f «a I" 'I.I ar.l Ki ll. t r : i' h i- it- l . 1 f..ric. .ii'ij iiiiluMti - tlu- -..'■.r.'. lii, t.i i.i; /'•.■m uliuli the iii.'tiiIi.t- In M t l;. tin r, /l.;; . I ,i; ,; (M«Ta. »\u,M. I iutl i~ tin- hnn.l ulii.ii liin.l- thiin. To il!ii-tr.ilf this pi. lilt, r.iii! ,1-k- li> rent 1 1 r> t.i con- sider the ritual ].ra tui- ..f tlu' Ji w-. Israel after the flesh tas i>i.i>o'-i'iI t.. tl;.' -i.iru-i.il Israel: cf. (ial. vi. \<\ iv. ..j. I<..iii li. _Hji. Do not those who eat the sacrifices have fellowship in the altar? (lit. ".irf '''1^ II. 't i-i . mil, uiu. -ants (if llu- altar'"i i : ' ji Wire litvly lioiiiul to c.-i.-li ..tluT li> the particiiiaii.iii in a oiniitr ti in. i! ami t'l tlu-ir (i.i.l liy tlu- r»-i-.>siimi«m nt a (-1 iiiiiii.ii alt.ir. 15. 20. P;;il li.i- 1., , II aru"!:!,.^' f. .r t!'.- riM'ity of '.In- i'. 'iniinniidii li'tA.i'i t'..' u .i-lnpii~ ,111(1 thi- i.i.ml 1 '. ■ r u r I and I do not wish you to have fellowship in demons. li. liin.l t'li- 1.1..! t.i wliu-lt till- r.iKan --iirty s.i,-- I !■ . . t> .1 irtt.lltl .i. '11. .Ill, I'.'Wrr: .111. 1 • W II • p.irtl. 1(1. 1'r 111 tl ■t !i. . If 1 11; It. .! Ill ,-1 lllN : iti.i.il ni'.ti Ultll I K iiii 1 It, : i '1 w 1 - oh- ' t ';;i; ii wiii t' a\ • ! .11!.! \\:\ I' ■ I ' 1 ' ! » I ' I 21, 22. >".-il .1 ' Ciiri-t I •'■ v«' iv ,, . . ■ ,! „ , ., .. .. I 1.1 -tX U M I'i, ... \ ... ... . . . tw.i til l-;. ' Ye •: ■ catin.it ilimk tlic Lord's cup and the demons' cup: ye cannot share the Lord's table and the demons' table. \ i lin-i-.iM . .un ■ .i Imi.l Itiini-.If ?iv a s.il'-in-i ri'li.-i! t.i a pow.-r ul i. li i. tin- ctu my ol' t'liri-t (cf. the w.'f'T 111 M ici Or do we hiv. t!,.- 1 '•tiip'.!:iy .111.1 t!i.- ait.!.i. :i> t.. provoke the 'Lord to jealousy? i f I).t ^wp 'i i ' / / i.f • !.,. t, .ll. 1.-.. ..-nri- i-n • '•...«<•'» • V- r JI I t!-., .,;,.! ll,.. t. 11 iv :ip i-t.iMi-lii-.I Iiy til.- -:,.Ti'i. i.,i !,,,il. |.! '■■ill.t t lirut Are we stronger than He? S ir. :\ w.- \ iKitiii.i! iiil'crcncc woiiid t!:.,i h. .it- liil.iil. .! r. ,.! 'y t-. tin- id"l- ;it tlu' !i. ,.ti,.'ii li.i-'-. .iriii ' . h i. ,iT.:i l. m- iiicI i\iii 4. ilii ri i- i; 1 ■. !■ 1 ■ ■! • ' , • ' <..!,. KM.-ir.l .lu iii.^l llr ■ I ' ■ , -m- tiii ics: What is it then that I attirm? That a thing sacrificed to an idol is anything? t >:\.,y.\ > \ .-t t'n- ..itth .in.l all its cattle .ar..- the I-.ird'-;. :■: .1 ir. .it will tint ati'c.'t .i-;r st.indiiin u ;h (i. .1 (viii. Ki Or am 1 ri-.rtiii'.; that an idol is anything? < .■rt,.!iily not- il I I....- alri-uly c\;i'ic!!'. d. nicd (viii (i But «!iat I ;i.-.crt is th -. t'lit t!,. ■■r;.'!i t!i,- I. I'd, the iK.M...- !t-.!t. 1 • ■■ til.-.- sa.-riticcs .1'. ii'^.iK.' :i ri'.il t. il . ' i:- wnh (Icni'iii-. i 1 - ' ■ . ' 1 11, r til.- ;•- ri.ii-r.lMp of S:it:n!. !, ,• t- a Ti \M-Ii Iie- 'i. f winch l':i!il -h.ir. .1. n ..' . yi-- -i. and i';'''u'ncc. .111.1 w.r.' i-in'ciilN ri-. i-.l-d a< t!'.' lii-iiir. r- 1 .1 h< It'-. " , ■' • I ■ 1 r. iv, 4. l-Vh. II .-. I . ••! ••• ■ ■ ■. . tht sacrifices which tlie he.-ithen ofler. they offer to demons, and not, ,i i ! ' - iHx tli-[i.i>cd iicr-i'ii nsiyht ni.iini.iin. to God, — a quotati.in from l)<-iit. xxxit. i? (cf. |.:,. 11. iii'.p'i. ill It p. w . rfi:! ( 111 ;-t 1 i f J I .r Mil .? 1 with It ..f the d I.'. II. I I I„ , I- \ ri. i t!'. i ai' t' ■ I .,. • ■f'.t. . h ..1 ll. , ti'i WW i;i\ N i! I'.i'il's i I \ I., ii t- ..f t'l,- t 'l',. ■ 'h.- - 1. ■ 111. ■ '■■ ..-'I t. . ri .1. 111. HI-, •'• I it l!ir..w di. «..r.| -p. ir,'.. r. .d :i .i-ii'.ii with tli.m ai' ;i--iM-i;iti. m in- 1. I ' w lh t'l. r i I w -111]. with (hi; t 1 hi- |. .r..| .1 t! . -..f..-!..!. 'it is |. 'liii. irar\ . h 't th.- p; r„ ii.', I., iid Paul's • if. !';. 'll inT.Ti:i'i' i:!'x 'rnc \ ( hri-ti;m M --' ' t :'!rntiiv hi.i:-. !f l.-,-' i,f .ill in 1 1. I'i :ii ami '. inti (•!..•" « r with in ,'! n'!l!L.'!\ llllln- l!'i' I . ' ■ w hirh, !;■ 'W . \ < r i-. Ill 111 i-vpr. - .11. .,11- ;ui!i-( "tiri-tian in jfliiir oriKiii ;ind prc^iip|Hi>iti.iiis, Tlie bond 70 1 COHIXTHIAXS. [Cu. X j< All iirc !.i« lul I'T in.-. I.iit all | W h.if >«i»-viT is in the shambles ;,t<- iiMt , N|.c,lirnt all tlntiiiv an- | f/i,!/ f.il. a^kinu no (|iirsti.m for coiiMiftice' I, iAl;il u I '.r t!ic t artli is the Loril'^, and the II. Ill ..iMilit r'- .-..-ri/z/j I fiillu-N- tlK-n .'l IhIi\''" ' !in !iir- tiin-l a i /im.(.'m>i ),..; .. ■ . ■ ■ I !.:.'•! ■ 'll') .1 ill - !. .\ \ , ' , :i' ! . ■ ■!! Ill tlif u ' 'I II- ,.| |'i..i. t l<,iin-.i>. '!li<- ilaiiU'T wlii.li I'aiil
  • II. t i!' i: , ■!• > '!':\ .!> s. . !-', ■ ll'.lt r.i., , . - ^ li:..-. |.ti';- ll.l. - ]i;irr I. ' > W I'll. I • . ;,t iT. : t!.. :ii . !. ;t : ■! ^ V... ^ ■ .„ , |I„ ,M !.'. til,- - : ■ - 'r ■ ■: ■ il u III Ji r s, 1 ,-1 - : - : r- Ilk; .•■ •n-lr.r: IMlJ |. .1 i-i .111 I!.. W ■ : ■ |1 ■■■ ■ ! II- 111. .iii.l j'U vt-ni- Il :■ 1' ■ ■ -i I liri-I ■■ . / rf. - I'l' ' . •'. 11 i' »;•( ' - - v\:ii ■ ' I! .. • ,- ,i ,1- : vv III.- i ■ ■ Li' .-'ty I \. \t. 1 I. '1 111- 1.1-1 ri. 1! wV -i r\o I" inlf' ..liu'.- tli<- 11. \t •■-••!!. uai.li il: li--.-- til. 1, - ).;;ntll.l V . i 1 \ TLT ill till' ■•1" 11 111 Ills' t 'T i-aliiiy 111 .1 I'll*, .iif li n-i' nil ,1" lli.d III'! 1),-, II ..!|. ; , il 111 -...-I Ir 1 |. . n|. .1 - I'll i-:i>i- i-s I - - ntia'lN .lit'trt.iit Ir.iin lli ii .1'- I -1 •!•«• l-.-t -.vti.Mi. Ill' i.i..; 1- 1 1 : i:-. ., ■ ■ Ml. .il .-!!'•''! ■ " r 11- - I : ' I-'. . \t-! t'inTi' i" j.ail.ikc "f i* \v .1 - 1 > -. ; -!, 'I .!- .1 pi .1.1 i. iil iK Ilia! . ■! 1 liri-i. «:.::• lit ri- - .--Il .-. ''I'l 1. t i- l..!iT.i!'lc-. I 111- ililt'i r. lu-c I- ill, it tlii ii- It \'. '^ I .I' 11 ,.t lU, i.i, »,' /.I .•. m a wliii'li 1111- I'li. i! .1. I'll, r.iti' .111.1 l..rin.,i ,i--.H-iati"n v. I'.li .1. ill. 'I'- ; li' r. i; i> I ..ii'ilit m '' i- iiiirki! . r I . it. 11 ,•' a tri. in!'- li -u-v-. wli. :■• I : ;.■ / ' ii.'ii.' .1 — I ■ '11 Willi i|iir- .1110 i\\ 1 ■ - 1-. .ili-i-M, '•;.' 'il. Ill- .i! I in t iki ii I' r ull.ll il - 11 -Itil. .1- .1 L'llt ■ t t'i. I ■ 1 .1. I.I uli..!!i .,1! till- i-artli lHl.-m;< (\ii. J'.l I'.inl 11 1- .1 k.il It ri till liiiit;. a^ lu-rc, III |.>iiir- til. it 111 liail ili-fii^>.t il liit.iri- icf. Mill. ■ '1-1'. ■; III,., \v h.i' 1- . .11 . illii r i;! I niiwl^ pri.li.ilil. . ill. It ills l.-itiT vva- lint a!! 'iti- |iii-..-:| .,! I. Ill- tin;.' 1 he .-i-i-- lu-rr i!i«- vit^M-il W'.-i'-i li •••r.ilK • ' 'r. .|'i. !il ••< »-nrr<-ii .-•<••.• < ••• « "'ir- -tiafi*. anil ).t..l'.il.') I'. ml li.ul li. ■ n > \iir. --ly rc- them. 23, 24. All things not in themselves I ni>relirii-il>li I - nil a> iiiiiTunirinn, torm- 'ratii'ii \v Vtt lawful: for iiir I foi ) ill till" I'iaii-i .11. il the next, have been w ri.iiL:liill> iii-1-rt..l 'ii tlu' te\t iimler the iii'iii. lu 1- . .! \ I ! i ■ ■ ilir |i. Tit was I li. u -' 1 1. : I 11 . -1 1 ' ..li - i ill. r' y tor his . i\!i - iK. . I I r. 1 r 'lie s.iki- of otliiT- \r lirii-...- .11' but they are not all luotitable, 1 . iJ.".v;'.'^ . .c- , . , All things are I lawful, but they do not all build up tin' j . Ii-iii h i i.i '1 ' I I ■ -Ill, as 111 M. IJ. I 1 III. IV -'li'i" ■ •'. .1 .1..' - -',.1 ■i''i' ' -.,!,! I.\ liii- I ■ ■! :n!ii..,!i-. ri-li"lii'.; piT- 1 .1 fi i| 1 lit w -i'! •-! I'.iiil : the siu'- ;,'',:■ I .. 1-1 - will -i ■ n li.- Ills n loft, i \\ . ■; i-t 111 i.!.i..!i..i t.. Kiiiil our liherty ■ ' ' ilu ihiirtli's -.ike, e-i'iiially for the .1 .if till' rill'-'!. .IIS livollicr. I.ilierty h. a tr-'-t, t' i- '1 iinsi-lli>.lily : let no I man seek im i. ;> his own i;'i. .«l, but iM-ry 1 11 .1 .. that of others i lit. ili,- •■tlii-rt. I i 'il- ri -ti h'tii '11 of Iil'i-rly hy eoii~iiItTali.in i. .t ..tlii-r- is il'ii-t! i:. .! ill lilt- M-iiml i\ir. I 25, 26. X- :.'i iii'>r;i'!\ n.-i'iil •iiiii..^s ' ,ire I" ---iMi . w In ! ' 11- - - -■' ■ r '■ • I ' r is i 1 "111 . rii. .; anything that is sold in the market > • eat, without making any investigation for conscience' sake. 1 i ! . -t .-!.: 1 .11 1 11 . 'I tun iim I'l'i-t.i ■ 1 1- I - .1 I .11.11^ 11' ' i|l!r-t-' '!■-. ail'l lll.lt t' -r ';,' -ill.' .11 '1*- -li-- '' ii."i.-. tli.it |s. to kii-;i . '-ii-i'ii 111 I li'i!! |ii iiii; ili-tiii li.'l . or il.i .askiiiL; no ii'-.-t;' -ns tli.it .-iii-r .-iit of 0. iii-i'ii lit !' ills si.-rii]ili -. (a I s, ,111- jin-ii-r- aliif I'.iiil i- .s^^'^lIli^ to il.-i'.-iii.im- the r;-'ii • iil -pirit : I'., i:^. ' li.i|i|iii\ I'ir.irks " -s. r : -I'i-iiv is i.ftiii more iniiiri"'!- than - 'i ' raill 1- here tllinkiilu :ij.]i.ir- inli v of liie e. .ii-.'u iii-e of the seriiji'.'.o'ls liv.itlier I M r Jii W here this is not in- \. l\ii!, t'li I III i-ti.iii has a rialu to .!:,■'! Ills ii!,, rt\ for the earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof — .-m ..nv n i! i .1 li.ij.|.\ .i|.i. i .ili-.'ii I'l' tin- il \t I'- \\ \ I If the i.Htl: .iiiil ,i!l til. I! tii's it i- (l.id'-, li.ithiiijr is v'..iiinio!i or iiiu'it.in, .ii!.! the llle.it s.HTIlli'eii to nl.'l-, .Is It is really (iod's. Is as [Hire as any other. I CORINTH FANS. 71 27 If any of them that Ik-1icvo imt Iml vou /i> a tnisl. ami \c he (h-'iH.x,,] i,, what«'\tr Mt ln-tDrf ymi. c.it, .i^'niiik ii>> iniiNii' ii inr ciiii>cioiico' >aki\ .'S 11 any iii.iii ^.ly titit'i yon, I h:s i'* clTiTnl 111 ^.UT'IM-.- \:-:U> . ,,t • .t li>r hlN >;,kv th.it l.ut 1 ;|. 1. - , i- Si-iriii i ■ s.i!,, : I'.ir 1';. r,i::!i i.\ LolI'.-, .iii'l t!ii- ! !:Iiir ill. : t Jl) t . ■Il-I-U IHT. I l!i;IU- I.U1I, hut ><\ til' ii!:.! : !i I •,\h\ \> \:)\ liln:-;. j:u!m.il 111 ;iii..t'iir oj, //.'',( i-i .ii-i-u ni-.- - .?(» l-'ir It I Iv Krai-f !• .1 [MSt.iK.r, Whv .1111 1 i! -!•■ •.. t! .-t ! ! • >»i::,h 1 f ihatiN - .U U h. : •!:, T. J..-. . .. Iff wli.ii^iu'. . r \.- ,:i ■,. «}..rv |.'t (i.'il I ( in !■ Ill iiii- • , • ■ ( , t(ip I Jl I'.iT !•! t'l.i- ( 1. :.v • ■ ' . !';,• . imt. li ..(' (ii.il : I v5 1 ~-u I |.;..,-, ,,■! ■, : ^ . I ■• «. rkt!u W.. ■ ■ a m f ■ |.tt» t' •■ ;>r.'rit . t iti.iiu. t;...r -V. ■. 111, u In- 'v.lV,:! 27-30. Sinii'.ir'y if one of the unbe- lieving Ciiriiit!ii.iii~ invites you in I'.i-' 111 r. and you make up your mind to - I': - 1 ..| P •' •■ • \ Ml. !■ :t ' ,■,,!,;■ ■ . ■ any- thir.g that is set u, n the table >■ u in i\ eat. without making; any investiga- tion for conscience' sake, i lie t I • t- 1. .l!;'! 11 till- i]';r^':i'll .if ll~ ■ : . 11 :- 111 ,1 rai- . .!. t!.>- «■' ! 1,111 t; .1 ■ \: But. ui...i ■ .i. ■ ' • If some body say to you, " This has Vi'-cn offered in sacritice." 1 tip S\ i 1 .1 M- u I ' 1 I'l '111 . ;\ r ., ■ 1: ■ lii; \\.-~ v ■ ,■ ' i '. 1^- ' ■ . Ill ;,',I»-l:i \ ' r u 1 1. ■ il' i: ' l^.rt .1- ■ ! !u ( l;ri-|i.ni : :i ni"; r j-i liiiiii tin- 1 -. r i|'';!. ii- I !■: ■ • liM .!!»< r. a» It !> / . ..1 1 ' • •■ r I'm' i '■lillT. A. It III i> 111- :itu 1 it , 1 • •■ wii'iM h.isf t: .. ■! till- A I d \ "I ' • , thiin; r;ti.'. /.ii. i;. t rm- , A,i, r, ,,tl. : .: I , ! :t i .■ ■■: V i • !•• W il.-', I' . ■ . • ' • 1 1> ; i.I li;,il lii. !':■ ,it ^ . ■ ■ : I' .iM 1.' !'■.! ;,ti. ' : ■ ; •'.< >\ '•> >.-"r . ••• t. dvi n-.t 1, .it ' , for the sake of that man wlin ;:j'.-c the information and for c-m^ 'in' L-r u i' In f r. V why am I • '•.' evil spoken of in regard to that tor which I .•-,<^' o«er thank»? -a ■ ■•.'.If ''rf ■ It .: >■ •!. Il' It .1 u'-h •ii.itik-uivitl:; ■' I I I 111- i\ J . .,; .: - .111. ill iia^ .in\ n^.'it In -i.. ,ik .1 ii - . it 1 I'.!'' ik'- •( - ii'li I ...1. • ..ii.riiii; "1,1 -t ■ ' ■ !■ i-m.ii.:^ I X. jl-XI. I. I .III I > .: I.'. Whether then ye eat • ! •' • ■ or lirink, or do anyihin^ li I all things t(i th« ry of Gild. -.^ ■■, science, 1 mean, nut your owt:. I ;it the other man's. . ; ir - 1- i.iu'. 1- .1, y 1 .lu' t!. . lor why my liberty nt !.. t'-i- il!" ■ .1 HI.; ihr,i-i . !.:-vh -•• r t': it ' .• . >». t, ; •■ ,'f • 1: .1- ■'. ttf!.- ..'•-.•I'M t-j. - .1!!.! ]n r~. ';it"u'. <-iiiiNiii II. ■ X'li.i'.r C' ■• -.11 nrt 1 ,v .fTi i't my art-..;;, ' it i' , c; I'"' .1 ...'I 1. .r nil- uiiii ijiv i.M ■■• ■ ■ <■ I .!'-'■ t.i I'v i'S.rn. 1 .t'li iili.r'v fur ./ .\ii.! if I on my part partake of sti. h {(MtA thankfttUy, that i^. by ^aymi; Give ti.i .."i': e fither to Jeu- Greek" ir to the chuith . t Gml I'- ll.. !• li' tl . .-1 .. •r to 1.1 *iii 1 k- 1. .ill. I tlii-f \\::'. ■■■ I I' ill!'- . iW! Ml,:. even as ! ,|l^o please (t!;at i-, a.-.-.inini.i.l.u.' 1; t i .. i\ jj 1 all men in alt things, not seeking my own advantage, but that of the many icf \i r .-ji that they may be 72 1 CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XI CMM'TER n. 1 Hf. ye filldwrr'i of tiif. cviii I ahn am of Christ. saved. \'>":i: h-.- \\\\ I'rnrM.-i- (a/Mir/iuJ » ,1-, u ' .1 i'l .'n ' . in ^ 'I alti'i'l ' ■ i>. Show yourselves imita- tors of me, as I on my part lami , of Christ. Uil.. l.ir.lM.l liMl ilim-cll. lull Ijavi- lliin.:! !■ .111.1 '.T cllar.. 'I'lic jjli.iy ,,1 (,...1 .iilil llli K««"l <"^"i««»') (if 111.11 1. 1 ail' tlic uvo nia>ti-r-iiHi- li\t> ui lin l!iir CIiri->tian lilc. It is siRiiiticant thai the phrase for ccm- ii iVrnt"' .V4ii(', wliii-li miiir^ llirof tinu ~ in this pa-^aRc ( vv. ^5, J/, jS) shonli! n l( r til Ihr i-o'l-ilciui- <<{ otlliTs [rrif roc fr.jjoi i. Chrisliaiiiiy i- ah.a\> iim^nUriiiK tlic other mii» : and in evi ry di lii .itc pi .ililcm his foii^cuni'r i~ a t.i.t..' will as itiiiKv Si"UH ami !lii clmr>'li li.ur l.. he i-iiitii'd, but llit y arc i dilu il, not by know ledge, but l.y iviii II. .111.1 til' i; I man will 1.1- I'll p, in. 1 I.I rr-tiiii lii> li!.< ii\ I'.r lii.> lil..|lur'N N.ikc, .\l tllr ^.illlf Illlir lll.ll llli- , i rl\ riiiiaiii-. am! (i.ii vvli.it sci'iiw ilu nn.rc .i|.pi . 'pi Mil mil rprilaii'.n i.i \ v. j.j, .U''. Taiil is as anxi'nis to ili lend the lilwrty of the one tiiaii as the fim^i-ieiu-e uf the other. Tlie earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof, ami t!)e more the scruples of the narrow-minded hrotlur arc ilispelled by clearer iiivinht and RrowinR charity, the wider will III' the raiij;r of actual as will as of till on lie. d liliiTly. till all iii"rally liiiilral limits will be possible, lint in the iiu aiitinie it w oiir duty, in matin - lii il do not violate priiicipli', I'' .Uioiniiiodatf our- selves ■' ill .ill ihiiiKs III all nu ll." Willi the hope and the ami of winninK and saving tliein. This is the true Imitatio Christt. 74 I CORINTHIANS. [Cm. XI THE CONDI C T OF PL BLIC WORSHIP (xi.-xiv). C 11 AIM I.U 11 J N'Av I |ir.ii-r > 'ii. linihti-ii, lli.it yi- r«-iil«'iiil'rr nif iii all llmiw». .mil ki < p llio lifilmaiiii^. a> I ilrlixrnd tlnni tn >mii Ihil I WKiilil h.i\c >"U kiiovx. tliat 'he lu'.nl of i vrry man ( Iiri^l ; llio licaci i.f tin- wiimati ij till- wan. aiul the head of Cliri^t IS (ioil. Aftvr tlu- (lili'-iaii ih-rii-^i.m tin- Clin-lian's ril,i':..u tt. i,;....iH> .iml ll'i- ,11 l ull- ,. \\ill- ll il ".1- lllilr; ,.■ Ill .1. 11 1^ lifni^. ' I- al"i-tlf -ll'''!!'! luiii II' llu- f., 1,-1, 1,1 ,1, . I i' Uii- i|iu--ii>iii III ir ii- Will -1,1], iii;. u.. r,., iii'^r, li.ii-^aty. all ;■' - li-i'l ;,;i"'An i.ii ;ii , • 'imi-i ii"ii uiili llu- ruiiiliirt III I' li'lli' \v ! iiiii I 1h- Wi'Iiiiii liail ilaitiiiii ami iiii'>i'! an tiii-i-i tiily |iriiiiiiiii iH-i'. ami t! i Li^i'l'- ^-ipi'i r Ii.mI iin n ailitiiiii^ii ll ll 111 a ri iiiin I i"l > lllilii ri 'lliitiv;. lull ,1; -. • .1. I I ■: 1',^ ' |'i" Ci , iK llli It l.in I" : ' ■ 'I ' ' ' .■111. I I't!,. 1 . 1111, .1, .1 u '.ll ihi p-iiri.- li:,- !ii, - . 1. ..■ l''. , \' 1 . ; . • I v|,.ii!.|.,' ^;:!i . aii.l ll \ ..N ' v.: \ . .;i-- , :, . !' . ,1:-:M.,1 ,|. Ji. l.-l. 1 . • I ' ' ■ ll, 1 - .ll 1... i h ir, li. .iliil ll.'- Ill' ■■Mlll.lr.,^■,■ ^Ullt■l ll .1 n> .1 1"M' 2. K'ii.r....| 1- .-. .iiiiiii; ; I'ailt, Willi lli^ «ii-|. .111.11 \ t.iil III 1 4 1 -iiiki« a iiiilf lit .'il.i;:\ at tli,' iM-miiiiiiii;. Now (111 *« lie p.,..-,, til a 11. w -ul.inii I praise you that in all things ye Ii.im- rniM hIh nil ami -nil remetnber me i . 'ii"*«>, and 111 ii.irii. il.ir that ye maintain the traditions just as I delivered them to you. Ill;- iii1"l:>. .i^ I ' i n >iiii .-'liii;,-!-, 1 .,> l..i\r |.. I 11 . r.i-;..ii' •! I>\ -i i '< rk in 1 ..iiiillii.iii 1- I'.rii ' 'i ' ^ 'to't ' \- \M- arc al.-..i\- .il • i n- !■ ' H ^■'iii' I "ins «<• •"• ai i-i.<- > 1 l>> -'ill' \ .,■ . ,; • , II - ! ■ 1 ! I ill. > , lllf: I.I ,v i, . I' .ill!;. ■■- ■ 1" ! J ':, i' ( -. - . .1 .\ 1' ill.. (.,,,_ - ,.. . , r • , ■ I ||,- il r-.K. :. ,ji;.; M J 1' ' 1 ; 1 : i r ' • . . u..nl f. : , . iiiir-tl. .1 |. !■ I. I - 1 ■ ,:i- n' l! . j.l, - ,11. ,,1 till r . ii - in:.-!'. .;. .,11 !i , ir; - , .111 • ' ! 1.11. ... .l.iiil.l .'I U'-, . II r 1,1. '...(.u I 1,. ill,. C'triri'h I'S I' .il: -•u i. .1 ■■ ti.. li'.'.il " 1.1 ll. •• tt I . \-. 1.1. till I. i- li.ii ii'.; w.. ■ !- u. :, llli: .iti-t thiiij- .... 1, 1 ... . u .i 1, i . :. ' " lilt IT 11 I ■■ 1. t!!. 1 , .-' 'J ■• ha. I i".'- .. ir . . / I :• V . 1 .;. wliiti- tlir -.iiiu- \M.ri! I- 11-1 1! ] I.,, !i. I-, cf. \i 1 1 1 It'.' ■.. ! ill ill. 1. 1 ■ ' t ■ ■ f,. .. |.,-. - ■. -.. ill it I ' ■ . ' . ...» ' !OI- ll..'.: tl ll .l.,.l ..I N;.r. - In w It I 4 ' (••■!1- 111' 1, 11 .I'll 11 But. iM'i-. ... p . I ' 1 1 * ' * \ w ■ .■ip]-!!. •! 1>\ I-'. ll- li. 1!1L.'I I'l 'li- H .1\ - -. ! , .11. a- ,!> rMltrr- - desire to , , ' ■ kn. 'W • ■ ' '. I"'' ■ i -1 •■ t^ V. ll . '1 : p ■ •!:.! . I .1 .,„. h. , a- < "iri-. • •• • [.■■- ' \ • ■ - V- i.:!, .1 n il;,' "t -.-I., t.!" i: \ ' < • ■ ■ ■ ' 1. pi , " -.',.. ■ . ;lu-t!lilllii; . I 'p-i 111 ! ''I'l; .111. 1 p — il'ly -\-p--'. wli. ■■■ 11 ..ll ' 111 ill ill ml, r, -.1- ..t t„.-iii,i\ -iiM'l I 111- l'.. " ,•' >ivi li'if-- aiiit I'r.lii." lu rli.!]!^ aN' t"r '"1 h . ' ^ tilt' t !*." 11 t ill,. i;,,-|ii !, I'.iiil iiitt r- a have ttu-m kiinw that of every man. t liris- wufd 111 warniiiH- ti.iil .i. il '".iklar. '! . "1 ■ ■ • • W "111 -. ar.: tli.it a., riKrvJ - ■ - iii'i-t ]>.:■ - p r-ilv . t'. .."iii;i iki . Ckmt is the bead. Vii. XII I COKINTIMANS. f if 4 l.-.ttv I': 1^ ! ^ '1 li..\ini; his In. Ill lii-li lu,,.l ; \',s:\ 1 \i T\ V,. .11.. Ill i! ..• Jir.'l'!.! -u I'l v\ ( 1;. ...i in :i. .'T. l!t ! . r 1;. i.l !■ i 1.1 11 ... 1 ' . - V . ;i (I 1.1 i( •• , « t! . •• ! • 1 ' f ( :! II 1> 1 r I. I i « r 1.1 I f ■ I ! - . I ■ : ■' ' --Ji while the man is hcjil ol wuitian. .uid Gxi is head of Christ 1.1 ill I III • '• lit yj'i:.!.'. ti .III.] 111. Ill ,ir. ,>i ; .!.■ |i. l; r : •! ...!-lv'- :•. \ . r II ill !. . 'i . ■ • I . , ,;;l^ . I , ■ • \ 1 i-Iir.:. li. ll ■ .i.ln. irv .U-!in. :;-n l!„- X - i; M . lii.-' i:;..ii 1- i,. ...!. ..11.1 ':r tr .\ iM,,:i u -1 n..' ■).!' . 1, . • - iii.i. > . m r ri- lll ili t '.1 1 U • rl i .1 '..ir.' I.. . .i!:.ii;:> w ill) 1 11..I 1 l"i;l. 1 fi 1 4, 5. \- iii,:ii li.i-i till '. m! . r ^rjii 1 •■ T . Ill Dii; - 1 11. .1 u . .ll .1 - \ ' ' • '■ ■ i v;.|.l;n-.i. 11 !. !! , - ■ l; .1."- 1 . -.1 I n . ;.. .ill- IT 1 • ' \\ . ..r - r! .. " ' i- '■ > . li,. . i Any man praying or prophesy- ing ill.- .\i u i . .1... 1.1 ;'■ ■!'■ .■ I - ' wli.i 1- iii-;i!ii .! 1.. ..k i\ ]■.! 1 . !i!i- .• viith a Vfil h:i:-t;iiif; (If.vn frcm hi> he.ui. ilisj;ra>.es his he.i'l. . ' . ,. . ■ 1: ; ifk' n "f ^'itii- 1- • '1 l-.ll! « .! II • iA_ th,- -..•..!!.! f.. V , III .' i ; 1. >;,., in. -U AV . tl'.lf " ' 11 1' II. 1 . t ./..• til.-! l! ■ . t!.-* ' . r M 1. jiiirf l!ii iiHiii'tivr, f). I ■ - 1,1 1 ■ , • t ■ A . ! , ■ , For if a woman is unvcilcJ ■ . ■ ni-- ■ ■ ' ■ let her ' I cut her hair cl.jse '.^ r.Mi..M.ii. !!-. . ■ r, . - V y ' ■ ^ I . I .■ ■, liuf if a Is .„i.uc-!ul till .1 woman to h.ivc her l .iir vut il.ise or shaved .i I I \'. . • , . \ , r :. • '! ..iMi ; ,-. ,.11 1:.. 1:.. 1... , ' 1 : ■ •.iiiu .;. .11!.: . .r • ^ .ill. :i ti . .;'! : :■■'! t- . r • . . .•; 1 .:■ •• ;'. t::.' \ : •• It ! iiii; .1 ;! ..-■\ i...- .. ' ■' - ... ; ' . ^ :■ .! . ! 1:1 .::-L'- I- -I , • .M . . r., u • .: -^!.. . ; :;!.• ■ i. ■ - u And any woman prayini; or prophesying with bare head .. •' h. ■:: IS I'. I r. . : I dis^rJuCs iier head, v.'.'!. r (\, r I ■ ! .Ml I , : . M !. <| •' 'I •V* 1 ■ -CI :• • • I .1 \\.'ii::.'i -!•. ,iU:v.ii !•■ w.'h '. ' ■ ■ ■ '. w.i- nil "111' '^V'. -.-r, I! v\ I- i !.-■ fi.r liT til !'4.ik ill p'll.lii- .1' .I'l v.'''iu'ii •.li.iiili! 1.1 in Hi . hiir. !i i\ . '< 1 ii. iji I; .\\.\.r, .-.n .k- •.' .."'i tlir iir III' ■'!. -IV \ . .1 • ■! 11 .!•--.■ t''.' veil. -jr. .•!> .>.• !■ •' t' .• ••• •• •• tif 11 -p. ^.kiiii.; ..I ' 111- I'l ■ U - .^.1" I r . 11 let her cover her .self .■ ' 7- Ar •■ •:: n T. :! ■ ■ For man ' uut;ht not to have his h'.id t ivered. sceinj; that he is, i-, ; . ■ - . " the iinai;e " and glory of Gml : : , 1, .| : I - 'l-.'ii 1 I'f r . . I . ,1 -l,,. '■ • r .->■ t . -I 1- ' ■ : 111 ! .: II. .! ! I,,. ! ' I' • Ilut the woman is the glory • : :!, hi- '• ■'. of man, i- • • tin- ■.'! '';!!. - V.' ■ 'l !.■•!. k;. |. . nh. :!•!.! ,1- -1. -llr .. I.. A ir •' ttk-. 1; -ll,..'./. - h. r -'i'.. : 1 I:,- fi-rt-.- ..i th. .-i: t/. III:. HI I »ir 'ill hi'r luail iH-iattM- i>f llu- aiiKi'l'- II Nrvi rtlii !i s- iii iilii r i> the 'ii I'l Witlliiiit the- w.'Iliatl. Ill ill el llu' wiilii .ti wittiiiiit till tii.iii. 111 till- l.iinl IJ F'.r a- tin- wniti.iii i.i • ( tin- niati. rvrti »o is the man aN" liy lIu' wmaii, l ilt all llmiKH "if ' i<«l I.I JikIk'' N'MirM-hi- is II imiii'ly ilial a vviiuian i>ray uiltn v « ri-i| ' I.J l>fth tint iM-ti iialiTi- it-rlf iiach Villi, that, if a til. ill li.i^i 1'"-: h.iir. it i* a -lianic iintu liim"' i; IJiit if a wi.min li.u. I.'HK li.i r, it I- .1 clnrv III lur iiir lur li.nr i^ Kivrn hir fi.r .1 (iivrnnK ifi lliit if am man M-ini ti. Iif cuiili-tl ,iir (Trail .1 8-iu. I \s. i-Mii- f..r tlif \\i ar- ill;; ..t :Ii. Ml!, « •ii .n Crc.ilril U.'in 111. Ill iMi I in 'i ■ riti< For also man was not created for the woman's sake, but woman for the man's sake. t.. Ins luli-.-r. I'lr^t tin* 111. III. ill. n win. Hi in ■ ] ■ ' r ! ■ ' Wiilll.ili 111 tilllr . '■■I '11 iti'l" ■ ' ' ' 111;. |, I'i i t On this account the woman ou^ht lo mVh i' ir ti ,,■...!;( v.. '. I'lV o 'liVi: \t > - .. to have ilio ,1 .luthority upon her head, by reason of t!'e ani;els. wli ■ .it< .il'l'..!' ■ •!■ Ill I'll <• ■ •! 1 111- .llMIl 1' i. ,,; II .1 iIm- > \. • 1 t.,!.' ' - : . • , r, ,1!. ill. I'lil 1'! . . lit. ill. 'ii'.'li 1111-1 1 11. :it llic [..il-iu- wi.r-': "I til. cl.arcli. In iv I), .iti.m!- a- VM-ll a.- i: .11 i-.ii'. rK x\:;li!i till' p.illutu- f.irtiiiu~ of llii- a|i. .-Il.s, jn-t a- luir a|ili.iiiiilly Ihcv w.itcli ilic oiiiliii-! ..I -.iii wt.i-liiiu-rv \ii..|lur |i..^^il.',.' i\ l.;.iii.ili..ii ..f l!iis .litViciilt nlir.-i-.- .--.r.'i.,t; II v::h llu- >|.iry i.f <"n-r \i j. i ■ -.'i' lT li. w Inch t'-- .inu. i- fi-11 ill 'U n: I W iitu-tl -. till- itr,i.li>-.iti..il ''. t<- li. r'.; lli.tt wimuii. w!;.' .■i]>]" ar iiini-i!nl. m.iy hi- the r.iii-. .-f ---''i!.it 1. tiM''iiti"i'- n. 12. \l t'i'- |)..iiit I'.mI t- . iK.- HI' i-, >,:l\ . -■ .;■■[' i\ini; lii^ ,iri;i:!!i. lit -..iiu'- x\li,,t it - .liitt I' i~ 'i< .-.ri- iucv-^,it>. I'.ich 1- till- C'lii- . ■ 1 ; aii.l i-iMintiT|i,irt "f ih..- nthrr. I'or just as the lir-i woman w.i- mailt- from the man, so n-nv. in th.- onliiiary coiir-i- of natnri-. the man i-iitir< t'.u- wurl,! through the woman: tin- t"ir~t woiiiaii ovvcl her luinti to man. all i tm{ tu wnnii-n: and all ^ mi II. wntiu n. .iml things- arr from God. h.ivi- tlmr -inirn- I'M m lliin. .111.1 ilijirliil li]".!! Illlll llrrr. '-v mir of In- iI. II I .'1. I'. -. I'.iiil 1ilt> till- iiMtl.r ..•!! ,,f i! ,■ II. .'i... .1 1- ■titti.\.r->. .-iiiil t- It m .1 L.r.'i .r.jli . • 1 111 ' 13-15. ll'it .ill..-.;. • '1 ' S. rip fi-. . r.iiil li-i-K th-il 111 1 ' ■ - il' ' -'I'l" a^ .1 . •' >• CMiiint' "I . I • ! ■ I ..r!i"'i! ii>, ■ • 1 ;., Ill, ,r ' - 1 ,1 I'l' ■ Ju;e ye amun^ yourselves: is It becoming; foi" a woman t.i be unveiled when she prays to Got!? ' : t.< (.1/ Ik i-'i'r'i- 'III- nil-. 1 t!il:!i. • • l In c .1 ilili-l I N.-t i.r.l>. li. >\iMr .!■ . - 111 'ii- .t p. .111! t" ill it c.iiii 'iNi.in, I. lit aNo t' : , i'-.v.ir.l .'111. r ..f think;- wliuli \\ f , ' 1 . \\ !i>. does not even nature I'stlf teach you that a man's long hair is a dishonor to him. while a woman's is her glory? for h. hair has been given her, a^ w.iin.iii s ptrmaiii't mit ipirf iV.iornii. instead of a covering, ami to ^ii\i- till- piirp.i 1 1 t .1 \ 1! 111!- .ippt.il 111 niittirr, a f.'ivoii' w 'll of .\ri-!iilU-'s, i~ .1" 1.. i-tili.ir Hit. • - • w •!:. I' l-'t - ••' I'.i--! 16. iiavini; iitl'..! hi- .iri;!;;!:- nt tfiii til.- 'tatii!|i..iiil i-t -.•111! !■ . vt'.ii;. S.iip t.n, '! .i::'! I1I1--I. r.r'l l.riir.- - t!.. ' \,: i i ir; -. - ^ ■ ■ i ll. Now if any one ;.resumes to he contentious, WK " "■ have no such custom, nor Imm the churches of God. nil- I'.'ui- 1 n 111 till- .ihr-'pl inii- I'livi.'il .1 ''i-j.i.-i. ■n. i.-i t!'. 1 .rl 't r.'itil. .1, ,. lij, 111- M • M r 'j-' I'ht* ,i|.| , :ii . |.. 'I-- Inni !■ -■ th.iii iii-f«-i- Hi" li,i- i.iii-iii.l llu- ih-.;i--i. -11 .1- I'.m: .'I- 111' 1- ui u-tomrd to ill! in v;,-li c,i-.<. ami 1"- arcnmi'ivt-- an- -ittiilir P. t!ii>-i h.- i-m- plu-. t l-t ttlu-rc : for i-\,impli-. in hi- i!i«- iii-.>i..n i.f tilt' mairtt ii.iiict nf tin- mmiviry ii\ 1-141 In .>■«, <'i . ■ in , III- i!..< - II. .1 111. ill till' cn-i.im 1.1 1" -ri: r..ti|. lit ;. .11-. I. ill ..t .ill. •wniL: w nitu-n ' imhlio liart in tin- wor-hip tmvi-iltil lli- iloi-s not Ik'Iicvc m tiu- custom Iinnst-lf, nor Vh. XI] r t OKIXTIIIANS. tion-. wr h.ur i-' >ik1i millur 1 ■ u l!i.4t v< loiiu- loni'thcr tin- , li tr. Ill - "i' '! II. t i.^r tlic licttcr, Inii (nr tin- wiifM- I' \-'\\ 111 till- tli.it I il' I !.irr u>it < V II is It |ii ti. .!» iiiili.ip- tilt I iirintlu.iii- think, li-- ' tin r iliiiiilu- ,' til' i.i-i tun Honl- Irll.j ,i • l it. 1111 -. ill lllllllv I i tlu' Ciiiifliisiiiii ~ <|iiitf in r.iiil^ ni.iiiiirr 'I'lll-. -iMi^ul.irly mil ri -iiiik; iji-. 'il nt tin- ii-c i t (Ik vill l.ir vv..ii!tii winii tlir\ .111 t.lkllli;, .1- I' llll tlimk^ till \ -!rMlM 11. .t t.l'l.' I \1\ 1 I'f' llllln 111 Ill pill' 1 WMr-llIp 1- Imtll H'llliili IIiMIl, .11!. I very in .ir in, ilif luitri-l- nl tin iiiniK.ii wiirlj. In .1 ni'iltrn miiiil. iii..-t nl tlif argunifiit- t>j «liiili I'aiil -ii|iiMirt% In- >■ ii teiilion arc till- Ijlnry nl 111. ill. tli.is iiiit (-niiiini ml :'->ll !n ii-. ii. r i- i! aiip.ifi iiti> 111 till -I'lnt nl ' 11 II. 1 _7. .\. r Wimlil till' ii-i- wlii.'li 111' iii.iki - "I atu ifiit 111 lift w -tnrj lit the iTi atinii . 'I wiitii.iii Ir.'iii iii.iM -.iii-t> .1 11! '.I' l l iiiiii'l. iinr 111- \!iA lii it 111 ill w.i- lint III, I'll t r unin.iii, I'.il i'!i:> «. '111. ill t''r ;i:.iii, ' •,• |il!!.i-i I'li^i. iiKi 'in- ..•i^imn ii'-. in-'.. ■ ii. .'H'.tliiT \v' r!il til. Ill niir-, II i.i'''\ \.r I'l liiir.i >. "the \vniii.,ii niiijl.i t.. li.iM' ,111- tll"ll!\ llpnll lur 111 I'l I'll .l.rn'lllt "t till .ii!i:i I- " 1 I 111- -nil. r.liiKil I'.n nl w. iiirii I'nr uliii ii r.iul 1- 111' ii'liMi.;. ami wl i li !;•■ carr!' >i 1 ir in ii'. -cnln' ini i' . in -llclU'i.. -11111- tn II!' '11.11 ,1 I .«,i i' ,1. than till' uri-at a--i'ni' ii in i 1 i',.i i iti - ri jS, tli.it ■■ till ii- cm lif nil mail- .iiiil tciii.ili-, fnr .ill ari' mii' in Cliii-t Ji - i-." .uul r than the •ii!'ii!--ini! in tliii vir> I'niili \t tli it " iii'itlu r i- wmiiaii witlmiit man n-ir man wilhi 'III " . 'iiKiii III till- 1.. .nl " lint uliili ll:i' .11 i^'iilii !it • nf ' IIMV ho lllii""ii\ '.sj. ill- I'nin I'l-i' '11 - 1 . t . Ill' riKli!. Iiliaiiy, tlu re i-. m itiu r nii!i i- 'i fi mail', .ill ari. nui' in ( hri-t : li- i i i .i.! r.. • . di''tiiu''inn- 111 tui Til tlu- -..'M - -:Ii-i-I .ni'! nin^t lu' 11 1-. '.^pi/i i| l\i lii;i..ii li- • - w.l; In i('-|ui't till- ■ • UN 1 iitmii-. !!iii ■- uliiil '.i.i' (-n!l\ 1 n'!' .11- tin lll-rlvi- an- ..plm-iil In fr- li!.!!. ■!! W 111 ! Ill r a u "i: ,ii -In .ill. 1 . T -In .n .! imt \i I ar a > ri i u !i ii .n !■ in - - 'iil.' .i i • iiU'i 111!:;, Ilia V i in a \ i ry in - njii in' iiit iii.i! - Icr t..r an apn-tli' t i li-i 'i--. r-;ii i :.ill> .iii ali'-llr ulml.iiil -. ■ \'A]>f -tr i i \ti r!i..| tinrt;- i\n I'ji I'.i't .'..ii -.iiiiinL;:) in -!L;iiitu .lilt in nil r-- m.iv. ..n . 'r.'.i-i' ii. I'l .'' the uravi'-t iiii|>iirta!iii Only wnnu'ii nl the lowct type vvoiilil aii|H'.ir iiintiUil in (.'•iniith : ant! :i ( lin-ti.m wnnian v.h" •Inl SO woiiltl cxpo-e her-i'lf .iiiil her reliKi<>n I'l till- . 1 r'.i-nty n| iiit-iim!.'r-t imliiit; I liat 1 11" il .1 (|i|ili' .iti.-n I I liit-lMii IiIhtU, 111 ti!,i! (mMn i' It ai;. . . -M ..iil\ li nl '.i li.ii 111 . I. I 'I li' I - I' 1 I r. .A t; It w ' . :: I 111- illi'Ll'il'r ,!i lli'li 1 l! ', , I \ .iiltrrriit .il I nil' ,m 1 . .1 . "II ..'.11. 1^. \i nil. -i '' I l' ■ ■ -1 Ml.ll 1 i|'l.l'll> I't 'I'l- '. M ., i' , '. 1. 'inii; ..1 -11 -I nil I I «i;ii I- -1 1 liny I .iinl ii.i! ite 1 1? '.I '''t . . , . ,11 - :,|. t . .! 11 i;lli -linu, I'l iir.ii ' 1. ,i! 1 , i',l 1, I I !,i 1 ti ,iii|\ in.iy I IW I. ' • ' ! 'n .' : ' . 11! ', n l.'it It f. ill- M'lili. II 1" l;i. . V n ..!i 1 ' ' 1 . .( .1 prnii n-lr tiiml.illii'iil.ii I ll r.!' t . i .■i 'i t\, riiri-- ti.itiitv \m;1 iiintiiin ,,iii| tfaii-lnMii it Till- 1. './.I .suff'' < '^1 ir-.u'. ! ill. -ii!|...!, .! Hi; Willi l!ii- .iliii-i'^ n ' ! il . i .ir... ■ ' ■: I'll- I nl nitlr 111 1 , '. lit I'l' 'I t' I :, 1 .. i. ! - Mippi r, 1 1 |. ' , !v 1 •'!,.. II. I ■.\l!'! tl.i |.if\:.in- -nllnll ill' !'!.•! ill.. :i;;i n- iL, n , i; ,i , ■ ii; i, , \\ I i' ■ \ 11. '1: ih li ,' li. .'i .■• ■! i::. w ' ; 'i I ' ' : 1 ,.ii , - .111 II nm i t in I ' !■'■ --■ .nli:.. - lit till- .!. 1 ' '1- in ■ .■ i'l, i'iii!\ 1 'li-'nii ill-;.! I'.i ll .it lln > ]. r '.1- a \!.''itiiiii m ' m- ilirtiti-.n, ni-l ,!- tlu- 'iiuiiliil Ml. Ill' 11 u 1 ri ill aiini'ii I. Kilt t.iite ll a pi'iniiiir -"'inimty .ilmiit I ji- ill - ■ ; - -1. .11, '11.111! I'l ■ in.,4 ■ ■ ! I -' .iiii t iiiii - 111 .'i ririinn -i.iti 'y r';ii!i'i..n ,i- mil .i- in tilt' jji 111 r.il Ini.i- nt It, uinrli -.inm, !i. w I!!!U'll Illnlv -rllnil- In I'lii] « ,i- ti|,' nln- .I'.n-f tl ail I'll' I'tlliT. 1 ill nil,' u.i- .( VM I.iii'.ii 1 I m-tiiiit ami ii.itnii . tin-, i, n iTiiiii' ai.;.iiii-t tin l..iril llim--ilt, fnr uliiili lir uy ;.nii!-liiiii n' li.i- ,ilr. ail> I'.illi n l\i r .till, ami till 11 1- il.iiiiirr nt a j Illl^;IIleIll >it r ' .' .' 1' mill. I \ rr i 'lln- |i.i--.ii;i' .lU.i illn-tr.tti - .•nlmir.iMv ill. i.i-'ial .iiiil 1 K I'.i-inii.i! ii.itun nt r 111!'-. 1 ;! I'l- 111! -nil iim miiiiulinii- r.'.iiiM' I', till' l-.T.!'- -iiiii.i r, \' 111' il iiii." t r -n Inni; i.'i!t!..!ii-.| tin- |.! i. 'i . \\:, !i, r. .il's . 'Ui t'li i.riuin l.. t'lr -.■.iml,,;, .'!- . i S ' ■! ,it '. n - ' ■ till' ( . .r 111' il i.ni i n 'ir. h. uiniii r.iii! 1- iii Ti 11 li-'irni:.' I In \ .iH' .i' ■ .niT .1 ri ' i^. .iiii .1 n . nil I ; .ni.l wi- i'!i..jlil m\.r ii.iii' li.i'l lilt niniltl. I.'i! i-.r • , ,,,..!.,, !i , ! 1, 17. Now in giving this charge. It 1- illfticilit In Niiy wIlelluT I'.Uli lllr.lll- lllr iliariie wlu.li he I1.1-. iii-t umii rry.iriliiiv; the \eilins; ..f the wniii.M. .ir ili.t i.vli.i.!! he i- iilxjiit In K've, reKarilin« the seemly Moocarv msouition tbt chakx (ANSI and HO TISr CHART No. 9) 78 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XI i8 For first <«f all, when yi- omu- to- jU'llu-r in tin- church. I Iu;ir that there he divivioiis anioiii; >oii: ami I partly lielii-vc it. i<) I'.ir til. p. >l 1" al-. Ikti 1. - aiiioiiK you, thai tluy wIikIi irc approv iil ntav 1«' iiiadi- niaiiil\>t ani"ii:.; y^'U JO When ye conic together tlurifure mill imv place, this i~ not to i al the Linl'ii ^iipi>er .'I If ill caliiii; i \ei v ''iir lakelh be- f. IT I .'/,.' '<\\u -ni'iMi- .■iinl line is , hungry ami aiiotlier l^ ilrunUeii. e, I, l.r.iti.'ii '■t till- sii|,iHT that a man! nniM e\,innr,. Imii-ilf (\i 'h. u-i l | (t'lraii'iO, ver. l"l whieli !■ ■ k'- li ,> '.i wv. 2. 'I lu re were many ihiiii;- uhu ii lie eiiiiM prai>-e the ('MnnlliMv-. • il - one in jiartienl.ir --\vhii!i ''.-'iv'"! the -h..rpe--t <-en--:i' : .h.eiull I'av,.. !■> \--'.:U- nmler-tali nn t. ■•■ ' ^ '.^ - i'' >' thini: I do not prai.se n lli- miih..! ceiiMire i- r;s do not tend to losi \. iir improvenient. ut to ■ ii deterioration. W lu n I hi ; 11.111- i-o:n iu'.4ethi r. t!u- re-ult -li..nlil 'rr that tliey .himiiu' heller ; !I; icul. | thr ( '• .rinlhMil- htr..Mi.' W"i-e Ihey ,ire cnlliini .1. i;i.| !n hriitli. r!y fetliiiL; low.inK i.iu- .iiMihir. .iiii! in i!r\..noi! 1.. their. i-"m- m.iii 1,01,1. h'it ill ijriiii .iihI >eltishne^<. 'li e ap'-lle e.'iiM tv 't |ir.ii-e that. i8. ig. For the m-m ral ehame I'aitl 1. preii.iied to silt>)".rl hy p.irlK-nlar-. whieh he ha* imleeil upon lu-ar-ay ( ci*.oi i..' ) . Imi which he ha- ii" u '.' I'.inl i- i;"! ll inl.iiii; f..r the 11'. .111. Ill ..f .my -• ; ■ 1 • ■! Mipielit eh. Me. 1 h.. n..;y ! ■ -'iii|.lv n-ed to !iilr...|'i.-e ih.' el!.,rL'e. a' .l 1" .ji ! it- r;..-i, ii.it ir.' I ' w 1'" ii .ini t.::'i that ihi- p'lr,,-. r- ■ !• - .1 ■. i ..n.l eharu.-. . i «. l. r '\u tir ! the -elf (vv. i; l.ji. ail'! lii. -ie..ntl 1.. llu- ,i!.''-. - in c. .vti. el' II with the -!|.|» t • I . ,,r -h.' til -I the u Ii' . -n I \ ' i; - (I 1, ;,:i.l 1 . till- ;ih-!-.' . f -I'ii- itiMl L'.;' u hu-h 1;. pf ■>■. . -1- '•' 'I'- Ml IImu.m!. wliill'.r a -..-..ii.l .h.iri:!- 1- .h-tiiuil\ ill \ie\\ or n..t. 1 hear - hi- in- ' . ..... . . ..I'i .■...■.!.:■,.•.. -.•: . I df.O! u.' 1 .,,,,1 ,] , , I ! • ! i -umle inf'irniaiit that .It your mfctinss in church mot , . . 1 , , I, • |!., i hri-tian ,i. too i;.....] i..i-.>ii t" -n-p.-et t'.ii hi- inf. .rniatinii i- n :. . ii ii' i .i 1 "I it. At h.i-i -..M> .if :t, and I partly believe it. F"or . 'I . . 'iir- . Ill .1 .'i\ i-'. n- are iiuvil.ihh (.1 M.ii \\:n 71 .111. 1 there must also be parties among you: aipo'it h.i- II.. t \et lllr ill \ ■.!..!'. .1 III. .lui'm ..f '/.'ii.v\-. 11.. r I- It i \i ii A. . 1 t . I \\\ -1, jji. It i.riiii.iri'\ iii.il. ;il' - . /i .111. 1 its II-.' ii. r. -li..-A- l;..u ii.iMr.i'ly it iiii^ht )n-s int.. the i.'Ii. r m. amnu- 'I he-e di- \i-;oii-. h..w...r. depl. .1 .ihli- .1- thiv are. M '-ve .1 I'.niiu piirp..-e t!i. \ .'irr ivirt ..f , v,|, r .if thin.'-, in order that the reputable among you (lit tli..-e tli.it .iro • il.pii.vedi may be shown a- -n.-Ji The ]i:irtie-. while they reveal the de)ira\ity of onic, re\e.il tin le-- the e\.iiienee uf other.; r.. .u--el. however, regard- ver i<) n< ironical. "The I'nrinthian- tuny have Ml!Ji.;e-teil that tlie-e c.uiti-'- ill the elinr.h ha. I the .idv.infaL'e of hriiiuim; out who h. i.i ri'jht I'M hi- -i.le, r.ud .-..liient- him- -, lf 1' ''li r..!iK-al rep.iiil..;i .•! Ih.at ,;,,IU', .". • ■• "<■ He lia» .I'l. .d\ t"!4 11. what he hi ll' \ of p.iriv e. .i.'. ■' • in the church. ■ f iln ir h.iriii .in.l 11-. !e- 11. - '" 20-21. 1!. .l.'.'-n.' .111.1 -.'.,■! 1. -pint of which li. h.;. ill-' ei.iiip'.aiii."' lihl-- ir iti .1 w i|!i -|.i l i. I f'lr.-i- in tin . ' ii'lni t . '" ill,' ( "1 .1 iiiil'i.iii- 111.' e. l.'hiMI 1' III ..f the l.iv.l'- - 'ni.. r It W.I- e..iiiiii.ii ill llie (;r..U iM :l.l i.f t!i.-e d;i\ - t'o'' miild-. ,'.,],-. ,,r ...i.li- . ■•'iiii.l h\' a .•.'iniii..u ir.'eii-i. |.i .hn.' i.".'.l!.r .il n "j'l'ar int.T- i. i'. '. -.. th II ill. 1.1. . I .11' a e.. mill.. 11 meal ;i, till- 1 \; rr--:i .11 ..l .1 ei.rp..rate -tnrit. u . .'il.l hi .."L".^. -'. .1 t. . ihi 1 "iirmlhi.iii t'hris- i .iii- a- Wi ll h> the n-aye- of -ociety a* I'V tlirir ih -ire to c .miiieni. Tate the la-t -'.].pir of our l.i.r.l Till- chiireh-Mipiier r. h ihK touk )il.ice orii{in.iIly onee a week, n the tirvf day ( .\ct< xv. 7\- "le love- 1. ,.-( tliiv ei'Minion 111e.1l wa< called (ef. Iiiile t.'t, v\a- .ippareiitly followed . -"iiie think preceded 1 hy the celehratii n • t the l.dr.r-; -upper The •-u|>per wa- condiieted in -lull a way at Corinth that it was 110 C'H. Xl] I I ORIXTHIAXS. 79 What! have ye not lidu^is ', i t.it j\ | . r I li,i\> rr.r ilr~|ii~c no tin- ih:u-h ili.it \(!iuh .il-.i I ilrlr, .n.l mu.i you, I li.it ..I ll'i'l. :i'.iil -liaiiu- till-Ill lliat lia\r imt ' llir I.^'iil .K I'n • •i.i,- ir..i;hl in which \\ liat -liall I >.iy toy'iii? >iiaU 1 [nai^c ymi Ik- w.i^ ln;ra\r'i. t'Mik I'liad: in tliiN? 1 jiraisc yt'U not. : lovc-fva-i. or I.oril\ -iuppcr at a!l. It was drinking in? Snii'> ilii \ wttlil not )>rinj{ s.iiii alpii-i-- a> ari' i-cuMind lure that lati-r , their Xfi licaltliy apintilc^ t" llu- oliiircli li-d to the hvparatii'ti of tlic !■ ivf- fiast from ' nii-<-tiiit if thvy h.ul Iu-m-v^. in ulitch tlic l.'irtl'- >npin r .iml i:hiiiiati-ly t" tiiL- t!i.'-i- .i|'pilitv> i-oiild Uv ~.iii-li,d I'.iit. as aboiiiiuii I.I tin- i-i;:ur .i.'.nKrlln-r. lii^v arc in pmiit i>f t.ui \ri\ uvil oil l lils .■.n.'lliill i- I'i 1> loiiim'ti'd with 10' *xoirn, pi i-< ininciltl\ lh■•^■ ;> . /i,;. ,-. the l.i«t icf. oi'' and lir d.i;ii.r,i'r rcpit i- ■ \ iT. JJ'. llu n llnir iinl\ iii..l:',. ,ip;n irs tion of iri n,ixo,uti'u'i' ifiu/f), 1 he di\ i^i"iis ' to ho lirlilic i .itc roiiiciiipi ni ilic . irmli. till ri' dii ' ir.d inaiiii< »t ilu-m-i'!\i'^ in th. ir Or is it that ye despise the church, fil.'ir i II ' I 1^1 -'Mijirr \: ■■ ' - Ipp' T ' [poor? tind. t" wllolll tlk c'lliri-ll I'lliiMi;-, ill rilluT i-.i^f. till- .-irccllt falK "ii mpiim'i-. j( ini-t. \\\. ■ f..!i!i'l. .l t'lr -.u r.iinrnt. .-ind the l"ai'li i-.iiiu,' wlu-n ho pli-.i-M-d, and .itr l y p^nr "!;•■ wi u- i l:. -i n in he " lir:r~ i.t the hiiii-o'l; II u.-'^ tlim-lori- a /■m;,;/,- Clipper, knii;d"iii " I JaIlll■^ ii 51. wcro ail alike iSioi- Snirior, l,iit lint a Mippcr I'f lIlC Lord. I lllsuUi-d III ihiN n li liv.ilion. I he |M)or 'I lure ua> im >on-c of cinnmiinily ah- nit I .i re iiiado to ful >l!aiiu- hy their siipcr- it eitlier with one another or with the eilioiis treatment at the han of the Ijird whom, it was supposed to cotniiieiiio- chnreh l hrsc -.^ Iw hii: r the class rate: not with 0110 another — for the rich t with tlie I-i.rd — for the w-liole man- arniie from the oiMa% oi)* ixtrt at the Ih- rer of the celebration was a scandal, and uinninv; of the ver^e. tli.it the reference is tot.'illy lor:, ■rthy .i) lliiii i ver. .>7l. It to " iho^e wIm h.ivr iv ■! 1 ii (.■ v 1 " I'aul wa< 110 - ipin r ..f the 1-ord, for every 1^ 'orri.wiu!!y ih.Ii.m .mi. hi:i hi speaks man hurries to take his own supper at with tine self-ioinrol What atn I to say the meal: that i-^, there w.is n.i z.-j.'/;iia; to you? Am I to praise you? Ih-servinn for one atinthrr, ,1-. i'anl l.itrr in- . f pr-ii^e as ymi ni.i\ I" I'l nthr' point., joins (ver. ''''t 'he rich ni.iii, a^ -....11 i v.-r. JK in this 1 1 ' i- d .i a^ lie arrivfv. h.i-!, 11. cun^i'inf uh.it It \' rv ^iri.'iN ..ni- it 1- I do not praise has hronviht ( Tpo\a/iJdi'fi. ;mii,-ip,itr^ nlhov^ v.ni I i f v i 171, a in;!.l h-kI. 1 ■ i it. iiu iit : in t.-ihn;:; it 1 ^.1 a-- t" he iindei no oLmlm- Ii. r. .i'l\ i- . .I'l^ -. . foi:. .111 ..ifiiiM- is ti.ui ..| ill', i.lini.; it with the poor in.-m, w h >. \...;- 1 ..f pr.ii--e, hii! ot filnke riilikr llir ru !i 11!. 111. 1- iierli.ips I!.. I Ti. •-•.-r 23. !!.■ i-,nin..| .11 ii'.-i..| i!i.- I'.iriii- <.f hi~ tinii-. .-in.l lu.'i) 111- c..nip. 1 n< ilii.m-^ ; f. r ihr ti.i.hi;..ii wh .li !i.- h.i.l re- coiiK- l,il< r. W hen- tlie meal w.i~ < 1, "i rri\cd from tin- I. ..id .m.l h.nidi d on to ■-ni'li a -tr.i-.jhii..; fa-hi.i|i. it i- phiin tut lluni w.i- of ,i ditli-ri nl kind ir.iiii t!u re i-.in h:i\. h. . n Ifh- pl.ue l. r pr.i>ii tli.it to whi'li th. y ueri- e. .1, l"ot iniii-.; For ill .! f r -in \-,..; .if -..r.-iii. 'ii as for me ~o lar .1- thi- !i.idili"n winch ..ii'.^l'.t t.. h..i\e ace .nip.iini-.| r. (\v. is coiicenied. he i-. the loniu el iiii! link lie- 2. ?-J.s). so that from e\ery point of ^•^w. t,\een the I 'ld and tliiin- I received the celebration w.is a s. iii lal ; and while from the Lord that which I have also one is hungry, another is drunk, and tiiis delivered to you. The preposition o»o at the most solemn meal of Chri>ti.iii - inpi) iiidicitci in a Retieral way vunrce hretliien! not onK hrotherline^s and hos- or oriRin, an i-oiicerned. I'aul's aa. Ill tlie light of ...1 vli.K-kmv; .1 ..(-.m- 111. .^^ 1. d-j.- . f thi- i!i-.|itiition may have dal, is it any wonder then ihe apostle r.^t' d -!in|i'> up. n .ipo--to|ic tradition. Hut asks with iniii!;nant irony. So ye have ! the whol. i..iie of thi- context, and the no houMt, have ye not, for eating and v( rb waptXaiior, which iieeiiis to point t>ack 80 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XI 24 Ami wliin iic li:io Iw fook the cup, when he had supped, sayinn, I his cup is the iKw testametu in my blood: thiH do ye, as f)ft as ye drink it, in re- membrance of mc to :i (Ictiiiilf lii'-tnni-.il lUiM^i'Hi, r.itluT siiKK>-t lli.il I'aiil li.iil rivil.i- ti"n. a>, li'f I \.imiiK-, in .1 u~i"n. In tlic vrry similar mimhu-i- 111 n\. ,5. I'aiil sini- '-.iv s 111' " n ii ucil " 1 >.iiiic uiMil » ciTIaiil Inilh-'. u nil. lilt iiiriitiuiimK ihcir ori>;iij. 1 ho iHi^iiiii' loiuli here .idds a warmth aiiil ^iiUinniiv tn his st.iii'iiuiil. "All that hi' luaiil about Ji'-ns." says Lictzniann, '•luKirt .•iiul after his cunviTsii.,,, appears to hiin as a Kift received at Daiivii^cus from the I.ord Himself." l-ike a Jewish rabl.i, Paul passed on his in~lruction from hi> Master to his pupils: with a true sense of the innwrtaiK-e of such a "tradition" from tlie .M:i>ter. he H' t . nly received it, luit also (Kail deiiveri.l it delivered it, too, to the \o flasir.intly (!isreuar tlu' whole scene, aiul in tli> ni. ;,!',-n ..i 111- lntra\al i> a l;iti'i!t n' likr "l' tin- (.'"nntliian di'-ordcr-. Silli ly tli.y lia.l .ilto^niIuT fori.;. Iteii tlie l.iiiiitic ciionm-laiK-.'s atinilinu the orii;iti ..| ilu' iii-titntiiin of the .'^'a]•|ur, or thiv I-.. Ill, I never li.ue ciUlnated it with smli indi ceiu y. It wa'^ One who wa'* lumi; hi - tniyi'd w ho ile-m il to !»' 1 . nu -ii'.. r. .L ami this w.is how tluy wiri- n-it rtiili. rii II ;n;' Ho |..ok liriail.' and having olicred praM r "( thanksgiving i > ■ 1 ;. ' on 'llie ni'.;Iit of hi> / ro-,; v,;/ ; tliai Is-- '. lu amid treai-lu ry >. He brake it. i he lin'.i.i wa- I'M'h' 11 1' r i!i-!r:h:it'. : hi ri i- an other i.H I I . "1 nr. . .1 •■ . I i;:; -. V. ! " never tlionuht ol" ill- ! ' ih:it |. 11. hiil /.' .'.' ..'./) miKi lii.i or. If Mi'"ri: I h. re coiihl lie no iiL'Ti- !l.ii.'railt ciitia-! til. ill th it Ih'- tweeii ihi' I- 'li s -iini.. r. ai..l lh> ( t!ii.iii -iiiipi r I. ■ • • ■'• I" • ' ■ '1 the art. I!.' . v; ' • ■! I I h ' < lire. Ill and said: This is my body which is for you i-n _■ (' !■ \ ji ' It 1- i>' I'n that. .1- I. 11- 1- -t.iiiihiii.' th.i re m the l!i -It before Hi- i!i-i'i|ili -. tlu re e.in he no tli.'uch.t .'I' t!'.' hi. a. I hi'iiLj I", r, illy II'- h. mK h"t it r, II'- \-<\ "1 !• It was broken, and broken oil their belialt. .iiiil iniplieitly on behalf of all who sustain the rilaii .n of ili-ciplesliip to Jesus, there- 1. .re oil behalf of tlie Corinthian converts .111.1 of us. I rue, the ori}{inal text read simply t6 i/vip ifiiir, wllich is for you; ii\un*t^p (broken) is a later gloss, which, however, is cpute correct as an interpreta- tion. The breaking of the body is a ref- erence to His death, which becomes more explicit in the f. 'II. .u iir-: alhi-i'.n to llis bliKid. I'aiil here liy iiiipli. .11 i"n. .inil 111 ver. j6 directly, reiiiinils the -illi-h .iti.l tlipiiant Corinthians, that they .'ire 11. .t ..nly ceh hr.itmu :i suiiin r, hut eomtiK'inor.u ing .1 iK'.ith. \\ h.il ji -ii- h.i.l il.iile. Ills di-ci- ]i1i's wire t" il.. — t.iki the lire. Ill, v;ivc I thank- ami break it: this do in remem- ' brance of me, ami tni- ih.y \\< re to ...l." in ,ai'i . .1 .kill. .' ith ih.' ( 'M I e-t iiiient i'lea that in .1 > .M ii.iiil h. tMn n roi-l.i!nieil f.'r th,' e.iininu iliv- a e. iven.'int wliu'h w . "ihl .ju.ir.iiite.' .1 imuer- -,il kn.iw li'lii;. of t i'Mt. .-ni.i :i cmjiiete for- i;i\eiie-- Je-iis el. 11111- th.it in ;!iiil tliroimll ill- ileath till- eoveii.'int b.a- been estali- 'h !m.1 111 the (,rei'k word «ia#«jKn. atten- 1 tioii is directed rather to God as the at- Ch. XI] I CORINTHIANS. 36 For as often as vt la! this liroail, and drink tins iiip, tin slu w tlu- Lnrd di-atli till he cotuc. -7 Wluriforc wlmsotvir sh.-ill cat thi> linad, ami drink litis cup of the Lord, iiMWiirthllv. shall he guiltv of the liodv atid M.umI ,.t "tlu l . rd Hut let a man ev.iniiiie Iniuself, and Ml let huti eat vt that hread, and ilmik .if that <\\\i. J<> l iir lie that eatetli anil druiketli un- worthily, calelli anil druiketh damnation til hini>elf, not disceriiiiiK the Kurd's iMnly. ranker nf it, than tn its mutuality. This do (take the eii|i, gi\e liiank-. and Jiiss it • fdund I ci'iitunally (/'' . .v niiperatu e ' , as 1 often as ye drink it. in remembrance of me. S"!ne. hy lemUrinK ^trietly. as i'it,-ii as yr Junk, rel'er the niinnili..u (generally. . ti> i\ery neea^ii'ii on wliiih men drank in Ci'i:"'!!: le'l the M'n]H- nl the wuriU cK.ir!\ meant to he limited I'l the iKa'asiims on whieli they met to eelehtate the l.i'rd's suiilur. 'I I, e repetition ol tlu- words This t/,'. . iiriidiico a very si h inn effect. 'Ilic account in Luke xxii. 17-jo ce>rrc- sponds more closely thaii that of Matthew XXV i. 26- Jt) or M.irk .\iv. 2-"-J5 to the ae- cotmt of I'aul. It is nnteworthy that the wiirtls "for you" and "tins do in remem- brance of me" arc peculiar to !';i!il. and are not found in the evangelists (e\eept in Luke wii. to, 20. «here the true te\t .■ipjieat's (ir:'-;m.i' y to have stupped at J ins IS ii!V ''i/i f! \ ' r. These words cue the li aM, wlneh is sacraniental, a iiuinon d ; eliai.u-ti r. ! 26. I lie w .■nK that l'>ll''U .are ap]>enilid' hy I'aiil I'' li e iiiMiitiinui aiiiiii lu' h.al r, - | ei !\ '1 t'r iin tlu- l-^rd, lie u s tn . ke ' it ::le!!! l.-ntly t'laiti tlvit 'i •• ' l.iiiiaiioii i it is ni'iieei'-s,,ry theri lore t i ri -j.a d KaTa',',i\\tTt a- iiiiperaine ( " proel.imi " 1 At the same time, the choice rif t'lis « ed. j and the .an.ah uy of t'a I ' ■: 1 r. \\ ' -e riti's the f.at''er h.ad t" e\;':im 1.. ' til ( I'!\od"S \in. Si, reiiiler it ht-l K ' ^' le th.it tla- eereni'iny \\ .1- ac>- 'i liy ; So'iv w . ■ • 'II 'he p.i- ;. .i.'i - 1 he ; lire, 1 I .■ ; ;: 1- \^ me ui t' '■. -a Ntiih-ii-' they! w ' "-e 01 '\ iv.e-s.irv until He come — .nfter i Ii.. e:i:,i,: m j. r im : : U- -tier- ! tluoii- 'i he lilt. 1 I ll;s e.iim'C u 1- 'in i know II. h'lt th ' i'-i-i!" w ; ~ , ■ 1 ■ rn : this is suRRested hy the oim-sii.n i.l ai'. 37-29. If, then, the supper comiuetno- rates the ihatli of the I.ord. aii\ \ tot;ition ot I's spirit iim-t he .1 peeiili irl> hi inmis otfeiise Consequently, any one who eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily - tor < sample, m the -1 Itisli and yliitt' iiioMs ni.iiini r ile-eri''i d in \ir _'I shall be guilty of m Kii.iil; the body and the blood of the Lord. A st.iienient liki- this lends s.ihk- coniiti iiaiiei- to the \ie v th it. for I'.iiil, the hiead .and wine were very much more than synilMils. and th.it in «ome mystic seiisc, I'lirist was really present in them, lie does not s.iy, " Such a one sliall be >;uilty of disoludience to a most so'enin injunction of tlu' I.ord," nor even, "sli.dl he Kiiiliy of dishonoriiiR His death," lull "sliall he k'imIiv of His hody and hlood. " as if tin y were in ^oine IHCuliar sense idi-iitilied with the enihleiiis: .iiid the ure it sin uhii-h l.niiiis " j luk'-iient " 1 tl ;i 11; all is 111- fallate to dlslllli;!; he - I \X e.-n the li. '.\ I'l . ,:d . X ihi- -epp. r, ,' In. Il I 1- ■■ the h m1\ " i f riniM. ai'.l oi.li: |,i,a.|_ ! ' ■ . r. -'1)1. Sn.'h .a \iew o a-.'l l not to h.- ' ■;n'tii;inly d i-ii ,1 - -.-d .a- in'i". -'M . 'li.iak;li |ii la rt !^:il\ 1- \<-\ m t'-e s|,,i!t of Je-iis ; -t th.'-'. can h'- 11 ■ (["a-ti'ii tliai. u hat - ■ '. 1 r ii'i .'i I'li'lerlit s tile parti. "il.ir e\pres-i.in .•f I'.ml. Ills e-s. 1 1 il III. ami;'..: !- that the cl.ath I'f JesMs. ui;!| a'l lliii t',,t itniilied, lua- na.-t LT.ive'y di 'la 'i ■! \<\ .an ' -•'.:; '\ ei !. hr at 1' II ,1 - 1 1 ,1 o| u la.'li the I • '11 lit i: .Ills h. id h. 1 n x'liitv 1 lie !■> I av .e.| tli. yilt 1 f ■ i''': .111 - n .. « a - t'l'- |\'...e of -elf e\a'!'ii!.it;"!i But let a man I .ir''pi.-irot i- m"re wei...;lit\ tlMii «»it i- 'Ml I, and so, I .'Iter siiel: .1 s, 'f , . I'l ',. of the bread let him eat and of the cup let him drink -aj iMi ill.' si i', Is- ie;"t;"iori v.lreli iir.i'sts ;l'ie narratixe witii .1 • '< ni'i"-. 'I - own. ! For he that cateth an lor tlii> cause many rc. my bri-thrm, Nvhen > <• !.ii kly amiHiK; ynii, and many sleep mie |.>:-:etliir to eat, tr.rry t.>r ai' l' I'.ir if \\e wMilil juil^e i>«rselve<, | ollu r t Anil if aiiv man li!n;!;er ar.' , at Immo; lliat ."ine H 't i..i;i''lu' V. -liimM n"t lie jii m i ilied in the next verse are designed lo oliMate. Slill, the wariiniy is serio-, eri)ii.4li: for the '• jiidiimetit " has already falUn. not only in tlu' shai>e of su•kllls^, 1)111 of dealh. upon tho-e :Jii< ii> liis- III,- /'.'(/.v. (the IkIUt i.m- oniii T,.r Aipioe. of the Lord), tliit is, upon tli' -' who make no distimiion, do not di-. rim- itiate !)ilw>en the holy In. ad and ordiiia.ry iinad Koinan (itliolus have ar-oud iri.iii 1!:. . ' III \i i _7 leats llii- lirrad ,Ut. Its ideals and its destiny (condemna- l:on> were are. Now, if we had been discrim- inating ourselves fi , m llu' world, we should not have been suffering from ilie-e judgments. I'.iu an. r all. these iiid,L;n!iiHs, terrilile as -oiiir of tluni .are, ai. by no means tanlanii ■v.nt to .'. tin::l I . lal. iiinatioii ; tlu-y are d!-ei;>' iiu . iluiiuly d' ~i'.;nrd to purify, and to sa\e iron; i- 'n- lU iiiii.itioii I'll the iirvM da> of llie l.-ial drinks tin- i ip; \ \' w ion-'.v >in.l ) that But when we arc tims under judgment, ■ le. coin- it is by the Lord we are being disci- bnl I l-r- i plined. 1 li. e are tbr tuo eon- 'laiioii- : the i>;irlakin>: of the br. ad ab niiniioti in lOir land. is .I'i' c|rali w!u 1. )M — a-:e llu- ral'iii: ! lli ■ innii-lmu "t i- ili~i-il'iiiir. and it citnies ipan tin l.-;d (wlhtlMT C.o.l, or Cliri^t, w bo^e Snpi'i r had lua-n s,i dishonored*. and llie Irnil.im; uo t.,ei'll»r lit. v\ jSl 1; aiiv II-.- ibi- .imniniilt i- f.ill - , - - ,. , , ,.„,„.■ . ,i„. II. It lollow that. b.-. aii-e i llie ob-.al ..I the dlsciplme. s|>tii thoii<;h ,nn„..;i';\ 1 ..1 M : p .1 1. m m one .Kni. iu 1- , u ni.iy be, i> that We may not_be con- demned with the wicked world, in the a w- ribi, ]•■■ I lapaiion m on \ one eU nu'iil' «..iilil 1" an a.le.piaie d' ' ari;e -.f dav wlun tlie Lord co:n. s ,n .nul'.:melil. ,1,.. tw .■onin.iinii 11 . .bl 'u.at loiis, which ^ 33.34- Taiil -am. up the disciiss-.m je-n- ,ba'Mia|ii> e . .rdiiLit. d ! ol!, M, with ;m e\ h. irt.i! 1011 : allrr tiv ^' hotiu' bad I.mIi d !■> " di-cern 1! 30-32. >onu' hail l.Mirii i.> (li-ce b ulK '■ of the Lord, in I'a- s, .,-0 .di..\. d. M rib. .1 that is why ir.ar.y among you are sick and weak and not a few are sleeping liie sleep of death. I his is tb.' form lb. 11 the imlL^mi'ii! I... k < '. er. jm, aiul It fell npon a yooil many, lloii-^.i s.--- Hesl- lh.it bt hin.l lhi~ stai. ni. m Ii. - tlu- mi.-.>ti-. ioi'- f. elinir t!'.:it ll i . vd .-. n-.-- i|ii. ih-.-- w.vr - a-.ly J. 10, !■-.-.. I l.\ lb." n'l- \\ , .; -In |. , ; 1 . . Mi 1 II in lb.- I ".-'-.u'-d- • t..r„l .111.1 .li ini. ilii- w..'il.! I. ii.i -''i.; ..;! lb.- \ lew lb..l ibi- I .'-.I w:i- - -pp..-. I lo b--. in s.inu' r. lb.i -u:h in\-t!--.il s,n-s.-. in lb.- . ruiil-- it 1 . .| a.rS ■!! .1. ■■•-id: - . e. b--\\. \. r. -vioi lew .-h !,, " •'. !■■ r---;.it.! Il:, ..• ••!.!. • a- ' . : - -. ii|!li.-h-.| . X- tirii.ilW .1- r, wire. a ; i:-bini-"t for sin .S.',-./- -a ..I .'f Cliri ' n Jrith i.-l. Ml M. I lb.- i\ I ! ' I in- -ni V. 'a.-li _ ' J: ! A .1! l.l.k ■-! di ■i-rimiiiati. .11 .li-'nt: tw-. .li i i-cl i. -lis ; one b.,~ oi-l b. I n nu nti.iiud (\er -•, the ,.t|i, r li.i.' a. I'll :i failure on the i.art of ibe ( I v. ■ all- lo distiniinish .i.lripiati ly between them-eUcs and the world tvcr. 'i-rn wiird- of the l;ist f- w v.-r-e-. la- -'m .d^s 111 a ir.-nder tone, eallnii,' them hi- c.'/i' .-n. So than, my brethren, when ye come together i .a ■■ v<.-.l i- in w, i^. joi to eat 1 r - i-^. r. do 11." -.-!!i-lily , ! v\':a' \ a b :v.- I---..-' t as 1,1- tli.it !s. a pnxa'c ---a ..1.1- -bill wait for one li ne Christi.ui v. i:! 1.' |i.i- . bi- w ! 1- v.; 'nine bin- i f a n. .| I- til. -a. niai!i--s ah o-aali! .-I'-.v.iy- t-. cliar- ;n!ii i- • . -n a- \ . !i .1 : : ].< r. n..:' I'a- 1 another, lb.- la y . a-i.l v'- iaw ,ir'"\ . la- -a ' a.a.l . aaU r v. 'ii f a. ■. ! . a- ;i riMi-tian assend.iy < s-\ .jo », j b--t .-f a.'l tin- .-. I b':,ji,.n ..f tlie -'ip- I p- r In ir. lu- will tliiiik of tin- 1 omI. ir..!'.r ib.an of the snpp--r . it - prani'y . j nil i. to coiiiir. m- ■• .ih- Han. n-l ; 1" la . r I L, r. !• a . if a man is hun- ^;ry. let liim dine at home, lest your meetings issue in judgment: the sort of li 11 • i,-a. .1 a in ula.b w.r- common in (".ir- inlli I'oa.ld ..n'y .ml in one vv;iy. in the siart of iiid.mnents that had already befallen the cli'irch (\i-r .?o). In this terrible sense, till y wo'ild "meet tniietlier for the worSC " ( ver. ir). There are other matters aflcct- Vh. XI] I CORIN'THIANS. 83 inn l'ul>!!c W'lr-ln]) .iii.l i>i>-.tl,ly tin- i-"in- imiiiiiiii -iT\u-i'. ii; u' uii W: . li.i- I'.itlur] iii^tnu-ti.M-.^ but the rest I will arrange when I may come— he hiiK-s to COtllC MHin uv. KJ). Circitni-t.'iiK'i > Ii.iM' --I" clianiii'il that thr partii-uhir al'';-!'- uliu ii in pi mt'i tlu- i-iK'1>rati"ti til. l-'iiil'- r at l.auith arc II. ■ ii..";li'n- l.i.la\. \vl l'aul'> vwiiiiini;^ ..ri' n..i willi.^iit tlinr p.iiiit i\vu l", ii' 1 \i:r\ m i vu i' it ihf i !r::\-Ii Un.l ■ t-. t!iv IhUiT " u«.T. 171, ht our cditR'ati. .11 aii.l iniprnMiiuiit. ami ino^t ul all the >. ■li iiiii si ivicc wliiih coiiiiiu'iiii> rates tl»c diath ot our Lord. It ought to I. ,- ,1 1 iini.Kiiii 'II ^crNiii'. 111 '!i with llnii .mil uitli iiiif aiiiitlur, in I'liii.tli the pii i iu'o <>i ■■ tlivisiutis " (vt r. i."^! \\a> parf'llv i.livi..:i>. .iiu! iiiviT 1- thr ilui-n.' vpu it ^.i l.itti. lit liiic a> Hi tl'.at MfMir which ua^ ii. -.,iiiil I.' uMiti' ih-vMpi. - 111 ...111 111! in< .rat iiik tlu' (lyiiii; \\^^Tk nt tluii .-.■ni- II. . ,11 I. ..1.1 t >n t M 1 ;. ..i\a-i..i; ..11 wiiich the Siip].. 1 1- ■ 1: ..Ii'.l, tlu-ia liire.-- ;;n«l till- i::i|ila-,i;i..n 1- t'a..' it will 11. 't lir mtfe- .(■n iit (\iT. j'.i ■ tlu rc 1- iikMiniln nt nil w!i.. pat lu'.p.ae tlu- il'Hy ..l pii..r seli- i \ati!ii!at!..ii iwt j.^ I that It may ho eii- t. ri.l up. Ill m a -pirn nl" thriNtuin fellow- ship ami al'tei-tiiin lnwanN the other par- ticipant-, ami 111 Initnhle yratitnde tuwariti the Lord wlio gave lliinscit' tor us. 84 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XII SPIRITUAL GIFTS (xii-xiv). ni AFTER I J. I Niiw fiiiurrniiiK >iiiritii.il ^'i/ZJ. liritli- Ti-n, I viOxM nut have >ti to understand, that no tnan s|>eakinK hy tlu- Sjiint of (iikI callcth Jesus aecurMil: ami lluii no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but liy the Holy Ghost. After till- i|!u>tiMn nf llu' Wdiiiin's \ril ;inil liii ^iipin r lia\. Im 11 ihr iii Ki pli.L^c 111 |iii1iIk- w(ir>.ln|p l" (. l.nni ['.nil's all" ntion was that iiivulved ill the iM iiisi' of s]iiritiial Kifts. Here, as tlu rc. thi rc had been unseeinluiess and dis- ordi r. I lie services had not always tended to edilieation (xiv. Jk ef. xi. i;); all things had not been done with conielim -^ and order (xiv. 40). The rias..ii ii,,t far to seek. The mental and -I'lii'" '! • ohition which had hi eii created hy the iu w nlininii e\l>re»s,(l itself, in the eseitaMe ( ,n > k 1' 11')" i iitu iit, siiuietiiiu's in vein iiu iit aihl ill!; ua\s, whuh were !■> tile j;eiH r.il aih ant.iye ( \n. ;i. In their CC~ta~\. the lu w i-niiM i ;.', Wii;'!.! e:.u n!.ite niiiiiti IhuihU' sMiiii.!-, •■-','( ih uiui ("liciii as the ciiri"!is phr.i-e r iii, let, \iv. i.s-i'ii ; M '!i;ili!iies tun "r th'ie w.i;:.! -I'e.ik at ..lue (MV. aii.l li;e edil.i .iti. 'ii wliieh is the ni'l iif imhiic U'Msh.ip. w.e.iM lie >;r:i\ei\ iiii: " rilK il. Au.iiii ihi,- i;iv ,ii \a- r. !\ 111 ■■ l if.i.il" v;iit^ IiiI'Ik! in eri.i'e i|:\i lu Aieii the meiiihkrs (\ii, J^<; ,i ];: his ,■ :..ue.l h!-:h.r WmiiM . ■ III iiifi : .'f I Ml. -'I » while tiioso , i nil-. -[.■ ;:. .lis ai:, mullet. ts niii;lit IiM.k •,']H.:i ihi i.i^elves as iisele--, nr he jeahms Hi' the nihil--. I he sitii;tti"ii ealleil Inr a wise WiTtl trnni l'a:il. Whitlur ihey h.ui C'lii-iilltil !;'iii or lint, we il" ii"t kiii'U — )ir till > Ii.icl; lint he eK .,:!> mi. ii.!- thi- iii-eii--:.iii i.i spiritual 1" :n:;;i one <'t th. yreat dri-n-ns ,.1 lii> leitir (lor T»P' at the Ixginnini^, cl. vii. I, 25, viii. I ). Thi- T.St \vlei!i;e on thi^ inuiil iiirjlit Very e.isil> be nil-cure nr eniu'iised .s>pirit-pn-ses>iiiii was a freiiuent phetionieiion in Jewish and lie.iiheii reliniiii; ininhty wnrils might he spnUi II and miKhty \vorks_ tlone by persniis iiiuler certain s|>iritual inlluences: the question was, how could it be deter- mined wliether the spirit that inspired them was di\ine or diabolic? Ji^iis' tiwn works were attributed by the scribes to Heel/ebub (Mark iu. j.m. Ilnw were phennmeiia so «li-tuii;iii-lu il - I hi- pnint clear up for the Cnrui- lie t' similar t r.iiii wis thi;ms. 2, 3. You know appeal li 1 th. ;r Ivimu h you were heathen, you we ha-.e In -■:;iii:>- 'jr* led away to idols that au;iiii the f;imili.ir J. — that when were: app.ua inly \\ : I ! 1 (1 TT T/ ivn oi I inihke the luiii^; I, 1. had no voice, according as you might, on each occasion linipi. uiise) happen to be led. iire.icll hitwiell their liresiiit life then they r,. v .-li e ( 'liri-: :.tn. 1 I Here w .is a ]> I'nnner .at:!! I'.uir were /'/(■(■■,' '.. i;, imw le id -1- wiiieli ihev were dniuh ell in their -s, and con- li were siijt- staiid lieliiml them were demonic, r.nl dixine. That is why I make known to you that no one speaking in the pnw er .and iindi r the inlliu iiee of the spirit of GOD says, " Cursed be Jesus," and no one can say "Jesus is Lord," unless in thi 11 w rshipiied aiiil eniisahi 1 1 I's. cx'.. 71. the nraeh's ii.iine Wi re often uliseiire, iiseli tr.idietnry, .and the jmuers whi jinsed t the holy spirit, \\ -a i-. e -pirit ni (ind. i ;,e li ne 1' -1. ih' n, nf ;, uici's pns-i ssinii '> the siij.jt ,,| (;,„! is ills afil'ide to I si:s : hill ac.ain we -ee hn\v iiitmiilelv, 1 •V r.i d, Ji :'- is iinnlv,,] in ih.c id. ,1 of tin,!. It wie;;d h.irdlv hi il. .( Cliiistian .iss, inh'\ ti: il any niie cn'::i| cry n'lt. "Je-iis he ar.ilhi ni.i .■■ ihis cry inns( h.ive In eii I'l-a'heii nr Ji v\ -li. I In re Weie le.iiiy ways in wliieh thi siiiiii was sMppnsrd to r:l;ni:l. s! lis, 1} jiTiiiitlo; n'h.Ts_ 1:1 i i"st.il'i-^ I'liinli lh'.;!h\ s|„i>a.. s--|i:Tiiii.- t, -t nf tine -pinl ]in-,i ss|, ,]]. h 'Wi\er. w .is iint t'-.i-, lint Iinnihh- sn! niissinu In the an- tlinrity nf I'hrisf and inteiliueiit vamfession tratiiiii>. Iiiit the >ainc l.iiril. () And tlnTi arc (llvt•^-ltl^^ <'t ii|iiTa liut it is till' >ainL' (i"tl uIikIi wnrk fill all in all. 7 l')iit till- niaititi -tatioii of llu- Spirit i-< given ti> I'M-ry man u> prutit witluil. 8 I'dr til 1 IK' i> nivvn l>y tlif Spirit tlii- word of uiMloin; to aiMllur ilie word of knowK-tl>;f liy tin- s.mii' Spirit ; () To anotluT taitli li\ llu- .mu' Spirit; 1.1 aii'iliiir the K'tl- I'l lu.iiiii^ |i> the >anic Spirit ; j ii> Ti. .iii"tlur llif uorkiiiv miracles; t" aii'illur pri'pliccy; !" .;ii"'l:.r ili^ccrii- iiiK of spirit-; to aiiollicr (ii.ci.v kiiuli of ; toiij'i>- sc>-ioii ha- ju-t Inc. . There are, however, divisi than 1/1/- /■.■(, -Ill .-.v.' cl. the iiar'ic, ■ r. 11) of ■•piriiiial endowment.,, u' the same spirit; and there are u' visions of minis- trations, but the same Lord; and there are divisions of activities but the same God, inspiring all these activities in all the different tyjies of Cliristiaiis (vv. 4-'i». The Trinitarian i-irit, winch take the lorni of .tcr/ci' i"f in i!iy km.!-: phi ) prcscrihcd hy ami reiicli' ij to the Lord (that i-, t'liri-ti. and ■>'. ! ;ch arc. from aiiotlicr point of \ii'-\. cxi'i >■-- ■ Ji- ( t .-in iimnaiicnt di\iiic iwLi ty. .\- it worked :ii ail. even in the Ka-t i;il!.d. tin rt -Ii' "M he I'c) room i..r jeal. ; ii>t .1-, ew il in the tiio-t shifted, tl'.cre -h'"i!d hi' ro room for ]ii;de, for it 1- !';,it wo'kitli. But to each, t . li.. h i-t w,!; a- to tiie ijii.ite-.!, is giV'.il coiitni'io!i-.'y i|.r( - i the manifestatiori of the spirit, uin h < pri -e- it-. It 1! -.."le w,;y !hro'i'-:li in-y ( i" .''..ii I'. • !■ , !'';; \'i ti 11 1- with i view to that which is profitable, not so nmch to the iti.li'-idii 1 liiinsclf a- I.i the whoU' Imdy of wliich he is a iin inlier. the church ( \iv. 12, 2(1). dreit gifts are not to he a source of y idc to tlicir po--essor, but of profit to ihe clmrch. 8-10. Paul now proceeds to emtm- rate the ways in witicli the spirit maiiife-t- it- self to the advantage of the clmrcli F"or to one through the spirit is given the word of wisdom, and to another the word of knowledge according to the same spirit; to a m.-m of another t\pc fUth, ntovinir in tiie -I'liere of ai-.l m the power of the same spirit, and to another gifts of healing of various kinds (fa^Mtrwi', pill I in and hy im .ill- oi the one spirit, and to another mighty nin.iciiM.e.- activi- ties, and to another prophecy, and to another power to distinguish i! . v.in.iiis spirits; to .1 mm of another t>|.e. v.iri.eis kinds of tongues, and to another inter- pretation of tongues iw. S 101 1 he-e \er-e- all. lid 1;- .1 \cry iiitere-tiii'.^ yliiiip-e mill ilie nriltii.irioii- a.'tuity of t!ie I'oriii- ihi.iii eliiiieu. Ihe i|;;<-iioii in ,\ he r.iised whether tiiere is any kind of order in this li.-t. A similar li»'t of spininal eiulow- tneiits occurs in \cr. 2>*: hut that li-t. with it- first, si-Ciiii,l. third, then, lli, n. is clearly intended to sn-i^c-t order of importance, roiiinioii to li.ith li-ts is the placiiii; of the "tongues," at the end, and there can be little do'il.t th.it that is siiniitic.int of I'aiil's ri .il opmioii. I he t 'oiHithuiiis 111. idc much of it: r.r.il Iiint- th.it i(- n ,d p'.ie.' 1- l.i-t, liot lir t 111 decidiiiL; whether am di'iih- < ; ;ite 1 1 is oh itl \\ S^-lo, [■1. -dice of iripui iwit'iout inir. .li'ii f a ^.T'liip tli;it dity< r- perci piih'y from the . llier.-. I he c.i-e II.:- h. . II \\ lipi:l i.\ I'l.o f. --or I'lndlay. ' I h.- r. .-:•!-. th'ti, fell mto tliric di\i-!oi'-. of t'.'.... t".'.'-. and two i !• .'Miln 1- r. -;ii tniiv. with Xx-,af_ iriunt, -,.\u.'.Tfr,u |-|Heeli. I'.iiih, l..ii'^;ii-] for ihcii til'.-, the tir-t of which evhilni- th..' Spirit , w.irkrin tiui-Ujih th.- itlfelhueiu'.', the -ec- ■ 111. i in diitiwclton ,".i(n till' intelligence, *.'in.| the third i>t sup, '- u-ssi.^n of the intel- hi;ence," cf \iii S. Coii-idcriiig the ent- pl:,i-i- placil hy IViiil eii'icr in the epistle .11 ('liri-ti.in :ci.>./ it 1- ii;itiir:d to fiiij II ill the tirst jilae.' h. r-- I In di-tinction tietwceti :,iS{:. r- ' . ' j .r, v j i- that tliC t..''ll. r \. i;:- ..',; ],..,, • d, . p ii'irp. -.' oi (,. ..1 :(- , Tiiliii.li, d in Cliri-t. til.' Ill', r I - !'■;. inti Ih i'tii.d .ippr. h'-nsi..n of th:-. Of a ihtYi reiit t'.pe j- tlic gronp [in which faith predominate ■.. As faith i» I I'OKINTUIANS. [Ch. XII 1 II 1,111 .1.1 t'.HM' workfth itial '>n.- ynil ih.' -lit-. nil'- Sl'iiil, liiM'lii.u 1" <\'i> 111.111 .SIM r..!l\ .1- 111 «ill ij i.,,r .1- I.o.lv 1- i.u.-. .iii'l li.it'i lii;niv iii.trlM t-, .iii.l ..'t iiih. r- lli.il (.IK- 1. ■'>. liiiiii; i:i;i;i>. iiic ■■'i'' h<'i\\ : I! |.'.,r liv >>nt- Si'irit .irc \vi- all ''i]'- |, .,',! ,.':ir ! . '.l-. . 111 liiiT '■. '• I,. ■ ■. u!.' ■ ■ ' '"''I'l ' ' ■" ■ an^l L.iM- I'n'i all in.nlr 'Imik nn,. .■no S)iirit. j.|,l 1,, . . v.'u |. \i 1 1m .1 nri'i"- r< lr.^i'''i-- H|„ ' , . ! 1 1. !. M 1. 1 , ,.!■ - 1 -i- .-la.lv ••• 1.. IV. '. -ir.n-r It ili.i- lui! Ill .1 i i:ii.:"r> l'> it-'ll: 1,11! ill,- ■■..111. M iimIm - 11 'I'.'l '111- l.iilli li. ir Mill mini i> isi'l 'liat wliu'li jil-- titi.-s. 1.1!! ill. it r. liiili nial v- a man t" 'I" iiukIiI^ liiiiiK- ' ' 1 \l.i'- • -'" ' V' t.iUr llir -1" • ' 1"'"' '■ '" «li-r,i-.-, i.r II ir.a> t"- |.. A>r ..l .i l.'..:i'!i i; ' • .,!, -1 11. r.ii kiii'l 111 ill"' VI il n..lK~ .1. r'- I I , I .11.. ! ' l.r 1.1.1 1 ; . . .1! u !i. ' i-'iiiM -1" .i'> u-iii , 11'. :ii'. ll:'.:' lu- . aii-l |...u. V. .1,', ;,, 1:111. l: !■■ Ifi:li iii;ji.n:\ li..'iir I.. |i 1, 1!,. .111.1 I" r.ii i \ ."■■ii> i. li.'ii, I" • .ll,, 1. .1 1^ ( \u. Jl I >. I I' ''i' • , , . .,M . -■ . II I ' I M. I ' iii.iii.\ , ,1., . ,|" - |,;r!i |. ■ -1. '11 . .iiul :iii. .till r .1 (1,, 1., ,,. Mi. 1 f.'ii. .! u.i- 'l.<- t''' ' ' •«(.»'< •!;ll»i'-i't "Ii'llur til. ir ..iii.-i i!.\itu <•!• iliiii. .inc. 11,,- l i t .,.;i..i!l. in.v-.!i - 'i.^ii. > .aii'l tlu-ir n::, • l l \\ liali m r in.i> l"- tlu' ra-i' 111 \. 1- II. lluri' is 11.1 nasi. II t.> >ni.ii..M. il^.il l!n- r< u ia iu-i' inn- n l" \\h- \>"\\i r ■ . -]n,ik 111 (..rciyii l.ini;iiaci-. In ni^ hiI- :ikiiiL; \Mtli ti>iii;iH-- is i . .ii.'/m'i-i/ t.i >Iii':ikinu ill .1 fiiriii-ii laimr r.-. . "1 tluTc- ii.rr must ilsrll liaxc lu i li - >lit- fi-rtiit; ii'.r mi ilu- n tiniu'i- I" li.iU-i-- Imlil .'.| (". 111. Iiiis ( Al l- \. .('.i <.r tli"' .li-.-i].'.-- at {•■(.lii'-iis f Al t- \i\ 1.1 i- till r-- :iiiy 111 I. --il> l..r. I'ru l\ in. s;u Ii a.i rit( i].ri t;;lii .ii \1I '< ' ' - 1' ' ■ l" -'- I'l'^ w ith !. .imni - ;n I ( .r \ \ U' • !" 111 it il W.l- .111 . .-st.lt!.- -:!■' TalUH Ml >!f«M- t, M-:'' '. ■. w ':■> li !!;■■ S'> ''k. v Inn' - . , 1: 11.,-' t I \u '. 1,; I ..f in'.^l;'. n.'t I"' n . niU i PI . 1 1 \n. I.'> I ■- ll"-' : ' ' ' I,',.'-.,-,' /;';.• '."'.:)(,.' u.is .a uiti "f llm It 1;,,.. l„-, n -ni-.^cs|. ll iV.d till' Ml in:'.' :.r..l in ■ -n' i-! ! ii; i ntt. r..'u-i s t.i uli„ !i ni.n \\. '. n'..\.'.! nn.!. r 'iir iii- n,.,.,;,,. ,,| t'li- lu u nlipi..!). in.iv liaw lutii .. I., r. 'i -ti:u si„ i-(Ii : lliis 1-; ... \' ...... r-..\ n ■ v:i ., ■• I!-..;-!. I s;., ..k' ui'li' 'l!if t. n-i. s nr' .I'l-.'. /' " I'mt t., I'.ii.l V,, s. ii-.i!'..'!; ! a cilt is n .im>lit uith mn. li ilanwir, .iml link- l>iMtit. to ih.' . Imr.-li. .m.! U\ u-.- lif .U-lik.-r;iU-!y puts it l.lsl I \ \ IK. 1. 11. Ilu- eills, lluMi, an- many; but tlio ' sjiirit «liirli tlirv 111. nil', -t M'l 7' an. I , uli'i a tl:. \ .1 .' ni-i'ni .1. i- '•"•' I . ,.i , I'm ].. .mt. « !ni-!i li.is ;.!rt-:iil\ 1. . n ; .1 ciil. iii.iliy m.uk- 111 \s '' .w'uii- |!'i. j t;ilts :irr /•';»■, .|(^7(. in iir. ■ ' ^ - I tin . Ill- M.'.l-n ' 1 ]■■ "■■ ' ' I »•..!!.!•! I. .11 In all these •■ • - . . it is the one and the same spirit that is avtive, dividing to each severally as lie I will. It .-nl till '-111- .ll 1.. k.i\' "t" - aoi. pri.K- :,n.l -. ..!•.':-> .:ni-.- " 'l "> 'I'l' I ,i '1 Ml. .11 1 hr -I'lril ili-'i ilirt. - an .-ipi'i "- .jift ,-,r. /.. nii--in..; iimiu- ; the -pi'-lt ,,i .II, u!i 1, i- l...un,l iM m.ml.st it-tlt in , I, 11 , n ' r 1 \, r. 7». Ili- '1m'-s this iinK-i-d ,., i I ,■ ,,,, , i.'i! ''.it iImis iiMt iiu-im lapri ]\ : ILn-sp. tin- .■,i]i.,.-itu » uf i-.ii'tl. ! i|. ilin'..; with i-.R-li SifiUM'-y. /'ii; d'r/.V ' I '^ip ) . I /■/).• (7ii(r,7i ,1 A'.'./v With Mcmlu-rs ( xti. ilu- i.ni- -i "'it "'ill it^ 11 any and variid ni.ii'ifrst.i!! 11- lU'j. ♦> til I'aill the iiii-:i ..i Ilu- ll. ..K uiih Its iiiatiy iiuiuIhi--. tmd tills ili..i'.>.:h't h. .iiM'hi' i" i''i- >'!' "' i-lr.irrh. wli..-, \ari..ns iimnl'.is. lik, th.i-e iif till' li..,ls. sli,,iii,l w..rk in h irni..' >. cu-li ,,; ,1, |,| r,-.' ;.'i.! i-.-i.lri'.'.it'n^ !•' ,; ,'■ , , ,,, .1 . y/, . -. 12. 13. For. as the body is one, and has rr.aiiy members, and ALL the mem- bers of the body, many as they are, con- stitute ONE body, so also is T' • '\ -h-.'iM i\|..it. /';.- Iinl — Christ, ri i;.-riK-il ,1- ilu- luTs. .11 :1,!\ wliMsi' iiii- i< in 1 I ll anil ,i'l du- niriiil.,-r-. .-ntd who •111 rill. r. CMiistitnlis ih, ir niiily. it taki-s all til-.' till ni'n-Vs t"iii-llu'r Im tnakc tin- Miie 1 ...ii. For. as a matter of fact iio' i. ALL of us were, in .iinl niuK r ilu- iiitln. ncc of ONE spirit, baptized an-i thiis iiu-oriiM- i.i'.ii into ONE body, whether Jews or Greeks, slaves or free men, and we were tlnis ALL, liy iMir hai'iisiii — not. as si.mi.- sn|ii...st', tliiiiiuli '111- I.. 'Ill - -ii)iiHr — made to drink of ONE spirit, i '1, slav.- is ;i tn. 'nk. r, a liniti. ..f tin- I.. .ly. • ■' ''■-- tl.an ill,. I'l-.-i' IlKlll, till liIi.N n.. 1- ■ -'.ill •':<• li w- I-"acli niriiilu r is ; i. l.iti.l t.' the wlii'le. and tlurefiire from this point of 1 11. XIIJ I ruiaNTIllANS. M7 1,,.,' . v\l'.,ll . 1, Mr. . ! % .■.1 \' .1 \' ■■■ > .1 t l- U. •ill' '. t. . ' 1, . 1- , It . Ml" '11 - ! i i'. -■ « 1 ■ 1 , >v •• !; •■■•Mr ; 'l .ll'.l : t . ..■....,.!. 1 ..1 ! '!n r. 1 _| I. r ■ -T . . ■:• . 1 .. II. . .! . 14 l"i>r the boity i* li'>t "lu- ninnlKT. |i ; .ii I'.t ! n. u .11, • lii, v in.inj nuiiilHTS, iii.ti.v. ' t I' M ■ ''■"•> 1; li tlir i.., t I j i tli ivr .-.liri.- v.n'-' IliC n-.l' tlu' h.i!i>l. I .mi n-t lii. . 1- 1; ! .■ I, I lnv.- 11.. 11... I .1 r;. . ,:••! ..\;.mi tlu-n-I.Tf I'.'t iIa' 1m..1\ • jtiM- 1.. i!u> lit!. I h.... 1.. 1:. .4 ..| 1(1 Aiiil II tlif i.ir '.-..11 ».i>. r.'A'.i'>r Mviiii. .nil n. t liu- ly.-, I ;ini ih't ..( ili.- !.■.■!>. i> ; N.n, iiiiuii iii'T. nt. t 1!.. t . .if II til' r< f'Ti iml I't thi- \i'<'\\ \~ It ihf wli. !■■ '••"I> ■ '. .i'l w lu" t hi 111 .It ii'c ' If I ' ' ;»(•',■ hianiii'. uh 'I :. ■ .• t'" 'i. vi. 15 r.ut V I. ' ■'. - • cvi-rx ■ 'I'r . ■! till 111 in 'l;i li. "K . .i~ r ! pi. .1-1.1 liiiii, K) .\ii.l -f ll>i \ vM ii' ;iH "111- n., ni wJht.- :.v.-.- ti.i- l..i.!> •• ■• ! ••! 'nfi !•:■■• i!-' " view .imi I'll- 1- till- I'll. HI -.-■ii" 111.- 1111 11. .it 1- I'll ,!:\ 11.. ii.'..r ot tlrn.- ' Ii..I!.iIli-. .liM'li.i: li- ulr..'. II i> 1 wr iH-io. But, a.s it is, God ! . ' .1. (1.1 ii.it c.iim;. Ni.f tii<- iiiii'.iii.iii ■ .1- 1-1.1.11 il ■ ■ .; ..li! p im.il i-r:i.. .1 ti. i..i|';i-ii' . It- i". .tnu . • ■ li w t' 1- , I,' ii'i " ■ - I I I'l. •■! .. ^iiirii Hill 11. rr • - ;• '1 ! i' . ' ^et 'lu' mfnilii.T ^, ■ t -invlx .1 1 .L u'.iv ..I U,i: . KVEKY SIN- 14-17.' For indeed the body is not one GI.IC ONli ot them, in the hoiiy. as He member, but many. .Ml ;u.- m . v wishetl n •. i -Is •■ ••••••>• liu- -1:.,.-. tin- i.-.l:i> -.I--!; : V. ■'■ '■■■•■i •■■ ' J ■■ ! : ■ 'i'; ,', 1 ,,] ,,n,. v..i:i',; ■ ' . : ■, ' I ■ ' II ' Now il tluy wtic all ii'il if, !■ r I \ iini 1. . the loot sliouLi sav. . ne rr.enibcr. where : tlu- b. tlv ' ini.l. r "liu- •I'lMi. ■ 11 r. i; ■ . ■ ■ . . ■ ■ . lli.V .>s ;,, ^ t iiii.|i. ;,• v.ir'' Bic.iir.-c I it . there are many inemlii-rs. but • -.c am not a hand, I am not of ilic l)..ay." body. \ '. ; \ that li. v.it .!' ■ does not keep it fi .:n ..'it 'l..] ! •■ ■ n , ■ 1 being a m. » n. r of the body. M n-i^. I ■■!' n . m ■ t r. u.ii-, not *"7i. li. .11 !•• !. ■ '■ ■ - .1 ■ •• =' • !i:--->. •• ■ iir, -•: ■■ Simildfly. if the ear, i:i ii i-t- im^Ih .it;. ;i, I .■: ir. i- ^ l: ii-. „l;„.t : . ••: II .1, should say, " Be- .-nul r.!. k- • n |.t:-;. The eye. .-i;.- .•• cause 1 am not an eye. 1 am not of I'u -\ ii ,.i..:< .n ■! n • ■ ••t the body," that does not keep it from I'l !■ b. u i-i t, i ■ . v ; being .1 iii.ii;lnr of the body (\.r. i' >. ' - •!■ t- • ••>•-••'•■ ' ' Wlnili-M-r th.-i- imiii!i.r> 111. i\ .<.;\, • i' i.'m:i-t say. i.^r ii;-- . .... to the liand. l).!..iii: 1.1 tin' I....U, aii.l tliiN an ni.': 1. 11 "I don't need you, nor asain .,.!■. the «al.|i' I.I i^- i-..iiiii'.-ti 11. \ man m ' head. ; 1 '-'i ' .■• ••rn. .!.. ■:.■ . i-, able to h.iiiiiU- anil ..... Iml lir tu- '1- a!-.. - .\ to the feet. "I don t need you. 1 u to 111 ilUc to u.ilk .1--1 to li-..t ••or.-. • " •- ••! !• • • '•• •■• • '•■• (liu-iitlv aii\ .li-.-onl. ::.!.! u lb o.ir i;i:t- •••"•! ' ■ •• • )' ■ ," ,'" ' '" * or oi'i- fitiu'tioii I- oi': i : 1' ir ;■. :•••«■ mi;'. :■ v\ ■• . ■ li-nil.'.-. I.tit It I- ii.-.-<— ir% 111. :. ' r ili.- 1 "..'.> • '• • • •. / " •' '1, . ' iiimian !".,;.. ;- !:,t i.„ -ii :. >.. . I r. ' ' ! ■ •■ ' ' !> 1.,., nib. r -1T..I \ • . ■:.i;>r 111 till- 11. 1 :i!fiiil-. r 1:;.- .iii-- ' in.- .'t diurdioi m tb. b..,A. n ,, 1 : •!■■ ■ :■ ■ • - oun •!- ..r\ ;• ■ .v- .hm ; ..i-- fiinctioti. ilT v.-iill ■ ' ■ ' ■ ' ' •'>, ' , nr n-tro-it%. If the body were altogether 11. - : ■.•• >.. ... r i,r • • tb. ■• ii eye where « u! ! the hearing b r If > b r ' ■ , ' , ^ '^^ 'l"*^" altogether hearing, where ,-. .'1 the rather the secn.mEly feebler members smelling b.-- 1 m v iT' \ v;l.ii... at i'-- of the body v.b.-lur b.- m. m- miWi hi.k-..ii- l.ii-iiri- of a b.>.lv uhhli ua- all .i^.m .1- tbr la .irt aii.l^ bmu-. or tin- CM- or ,n 1 ir -bow- l!o«' . .111 -• I'.rii i- .Tcii.- .ib ■■!. •! to by ra a^xv^o'-a „, mt. to tcadi that .i./ the iiuiniK r- ar. ia-ci --ai>, it 1- iiiij.. ---ib!. to -ay are necessary 88 I CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XII haMiiK wniti tiiiii. .iluiiMiant hiMiour U> iIt.iI f'.ii t \\ liii I; ..^ I ill, r. -I1..11M l.i- M" ••i-biMil III tlu* l".il>, lli'il ll" iiiiml-.i- -li',til- iiuiiil'rt> r.j.uci- with it — the body of Christ, and nil mill r^ 111 partii iil.ir. jH Ami til ill lialli •>< 1 some in the .luinli. firxt a|M.Nii,>. «., litli», go% eminent*, di- vt r^ities of tongues. (\ir .•-•> What at) tii-^iiirali"n ti> tin weak 111- iiiIh t t.i ii arii lh.it lu- i> ti"t "iily toliraliil. hi'l ' . r.v.v.i'.v' ami \\hai a nhiilM' to the »ti' I".; .idi.vtu. - di M Iil.i; ll', ,.,111, . tiMii^ iiiid I- .li!l< ri ill |i.'Mil- I- 1h iM 'i -.ir>. li -~ li,-n"Kilil>-, i; ', T, '\ iiir\ i)..oi I i« well illiislr.ili d ,i,t ^ i-,,i,.tM »; {.>7t,()ii, 1 ill Kev. xvi. t?, J4-27. Mi ii'U •lu .iUiiiK. » very iiu tiihiT of til.' it iMltiU .1 iur<'«viry fiUH- limi iMf. 1 I- li.'ii"r.iMi-, ;md tin- eiMll . t> 101. .■Dil l V .mil n>:/|."/. .!■,■./ mi-noiiui -; for tlu ' uhi.!.- I- I ^- !' rill! li.ir tnutiv .-iv.i'.d h\ < ■....! I hni-. I Nay. but God tempered the whole body together. givinK to the member that suffered lack an honor that was more abundant 1 m li:, . K|.:.iii , .! Ill \ . ' ...! I. that there should be no division i. / » in the body, but i .itlu r that the members should ei.niiir.i.uiv ii'ii-..!;."! .. ii -ii exercise the same care over one another 1 \ \ 1. - - ' 11 .fi/.WAiu i\rr J- I i~. ni .1 ;,, ^ 1,. ilif ul;..Ie . li. i.t. r 1 lu- ( '.Tir 1! ,,, , ... , I, l-\ , I"... Ill', iir t" .| , M' ■ . 1 ii;Im llii ir .•.HI. I M I . !! w J- (■ w n t — l\ i;if uliuli -Ii.'mM 1i;i\c I. I he ell. . t line a- wi."'.l - I •ll. until' 1 1 T. .1 i Ih-iu ''iI. "l ill. eliM'. h . \\ 1!' Ill ill. 1 luiii h v\.i~ llu In |.,, n !l: il uitl;m the l...dy h:id ll'e , \, ,;, 1.-, .1 li i'i.t, .T the f.'.'t, in nii~- t.ik.ll lii!l!iri!>. lelll-.il t.. d.. Its \s..ik / i, M, ;ii''. .< ii!ii.>' iiitnn.itely am! e..in |,l,ti!y i,;'t ' .' •■"<' .iM.'C'r.-' ll'it :iin . x- |ieruiu-e iiiN im niln r iir'-! ' ■.i-' n.K and iiuvaidK sharei! 1i> imm And if one member suffers, all the "tli i members w-. ni..re than -ympathi-'e this Is the Kt ■'■■.r.l that transliterates •'ic (ire< k W'.rd ns.-.l lu r.- m .-irdaxt.. hut I .e |Mss,ine helps us t,, leel U. .w t.ir niir \\iiif.ilh\ li.is ll.iveled 11.1111 11- .iimill.d nu.tnini:. Ni.« it is hltl. iiu.re tli.in a si.rt .'i e\terii.il .1 iMinn-i r.it 1. m tli.- iiu ,111- iiiir lure Is tli.il tlu ..tlur iiuini.er- lU't III. rely .ire s.-m |,.r, tun ;u e .illy suffer with tlu .iltluled 111. mil. r I :ns is true .ri..;ii;li ..t llie pliysu.il . .rn.im -III — a paill in line ii.irt in.i> ..i i-<' the wlmle ln>dy to vM iilie hilt h..« r.ir. is sneh sympathy in li ini iii 1. :i..w -hip ; and |iist as rare, if not 11. r.' r.iri. is the .ither. where, if Ofie member ia honored, all the other mem- bers n.it merely off'-r coiiKratiilations, hut ... tiiallv rejoice with tiu recipient of the ■ri.ini.r.' Tlu-e s-.-niiiiei'-s of symi>athy 'k" tw. eii the •iieinliefs ref. r. of .-i.tir-e. pri- iii.irilv til tile l.ndy; hnt I'anl is tlnnkinic i.f lliat .1 .r li ■!>, whose sehisni-lm illK iiuinlier- -! I -.' I>!t!e tindersland their 1 11;. n Now YE tmphatio are the body of Christ and members, each with his ill.itt.il part. iS. I he sp.rial parts allntte.l to tlu- va- li. :;i- III. mill r- :.ri- 11. 'W d.-senlnd ui i.r.ler ..1 imp- I'.in. i- ; and tin- .ill-.'nu nt. iik.- .1,.,! ,,) r . .].' ... ..| the pl.\ -i.-.i! h...ly , , rr. i,'^ I 1 ■ '\ . -I -I. nil. .! I •"""'■i' in l,...h ea-. - > And some pr..l>..li;> I'.inl vi.-aiit III e..nli.iiie wi'h iiiiJ .-,'/u hnt he , ii.iii-.^, s i!i, ,-...;-iii.et'-.n /I'..'. .<■.'. etc. God appointed in the church i. r its vr .iit i\.r -I first apostles, th.nu;!! in - . llu r s.-iis, , iiulijini; hy their sorrowful ■-,r-. ii s.inu.l if Cii'd hid ;n>l>ointed ii im I.I ll.- !,i-t (i\. •»'.. The iif'>fll>'s. here ..-. ,1 n. it 111 lis i;. neral sense of env.>ys. hnl in its hivdu-t st-nse, come first .is "ilie Witnesses of till' li\ini; <."hri-t. .ind the ;f.-iinder- of clm'ehes " (\Ia--i.-1. cf._ix. j 1^ J •■ ..me lit tin- ipiaiitu .it .- 'IIS of an |..pi.s' Second, prophets i.-t yer ini I wliii pr. ■el.iinu d the truth in .111 in-pirin^; ..;i,! ( iii'i'i-i.is'u- way. in disiinetion to third, teachers «h.. t. nipi-rately de-. i ! ped llu- ir.|''. I 111-., r in a u i\ tint .ipp. ali .l t.> ih, ml. ''. I t Then t -'l.e.\- a ru - nf ,,|V.,-i- ,!e-.-ri!..-.| .n ,.1 -I'.iei t.rii:-. -ni;- .4.-11:11; that tl'. -.- uii'- u.re n-'i \.-t -> d.tinitely associated uiili particular per- C'H. XUJ I COKINTHl.^NS. 89 ag .trf all apostles? art all prophet!)? -p. • n i.uii-iu'*? iIm all inirrpr«-i? «r»* al! ttacher*? orr all workm o( ii Uni i.^m-; .■.irtu-ily ihr U-»t k<<'*' miracli-o' aini )i't "lu-w I uiit.' voii .t iiiitc excelU JO Have all the Kif<>* of healinR? (1<> way. sons a* the three already mentkmrti. Mi- r.ifitliiu'i powers, then, gifts of hmltng (plit ; ef. vir. fji htlps "T a more Kt in ral kin«l (in Act^ x i. .ts, the ciirr»>|Miiuli!iii verb irri\an^»irtt:>at i> ummI of hfl|>iti« tin- nick, ami hrouKlit into connictiMii \\'<\t tin- •vord of that "it iiicirr III. -Mil Kivc tli.in t.i rii-nvf '■ >, governments, -kill III ilirii'liiii: iir f-iL fiiifi tlir clini.li, a -kill wliuh I hr i-r>wt:illi fil into tlii iillin' nl, villi r lii>li"ii. in-t .1^ till' " 111 Ip^ '■ may liaw I" !i t!i' pr't 'tij.i-. iif tin- lUacmi-; and I.I : li. ri . .1- ni ilir previous list (.v«t. Ill) kinds of tongues. 39-313. i'.inl . . lb i '.Ir- ■ i;;7 tl:. -f ami tM"'^ .iri' lUi i --.iiv t nn iiilu r iIits II. il in.ikr .1 li".l> i\.r l')i. n.'r i|..r- i. ■ t>pr Ml -|iii -li i; ni.ikr .1 iliiinli: 1.. till- ,ip.'-lir- nil. I tlu'ir pi. III'. >.i .iN.i tli.i-i; wli.i ^pt-.ik wnll toliKin -.. lunnliir tliounh tlifir ({itt may lie. The (ollnwinn rliftorical «juc>tion'. art', as is natural oiioiiuli, not an exact repftmon of the ki"s jn-^t im iiimiu iI Are ALL bpostles? are ALL prophets? are ALL teachers? are ALL miracle- workers? (or U»-. prolialily, /i.;ti' all niii.u- ul.'ii^ pnurr-. ii-.ulinn tlu- tnildwinv; tt he has jnst liini. 111 ln> ti>.\i. .irr.'iu/. ric, that they arc n.'t .ill ol r./n (/ iinp.>rti.iu-i-. Soint' ari- i;rrati r t' .iii .'li;. t.:u!::ir4, f..r r\ aiiipli'. iiri-.ii. r tli iii t.iiii;ii. ^ . • I. \u j; , tliir. 1 - I:.- .i.!\i-i- l!u ni r.. covet -■■ .,'li'\ ,ir..! n: iir.:";i-K i fr, s r . the GREATER gifts. I t".u-i that <—! li,i- .•i--ii.;ii. .1 r'.'.TN iii. iiilirr In- pl.ii'i- with n H.inl to lap.ii ily t i f. vi r iSi i- n. 'l meant to he a curb uptMi aspiration. Til. tn.i.l.rn chnrch must diiTcr wi.l.ly from tho rliiirrli of Corinth: we have litllf that corri'sp.iniK to Kilt.s of henlini!. and tiot!)in« to till- ^ift of toiiKUos. Yt.'\ 'ii th...r\. rni.l Inri'lv ,it a'l in prai-li.'.'. I.i lli.- .a. i.ii:.' ( l"-i-n.iii .li :r.-li Tlu- liiliir,,,; -111-.- ..I til.- phr.i-- ihuur mi-ii:'-.' hi- h',i,,l,,i 11- ti. ih. 1'.. ' 'h.it one who bcar> this name ought l.> la- a linih t>f his church: without the service which lu- Is fiitt-.l t.> reiiili-r. tin- cl. ircli i» lili ompli ti- |-MTy inriiilii r miyht to prr- i-riit hi- function- ..th. rwi-. he ini|ni\ - . i i'-lu-s tlu- hie .'I till- I Imi. Il — and liis lui ti.iii 1- 1!. ti riiiin. I > 111- .-a|..i' it\ I hi- iilpliy.i!i..n n -I- up. n \ 111. -n'.. r . r.iui miul;. -In 1 1> -,i\ -, " lli..-r «h li -.-« Ill r. I iIim Iv tri I' .iri- ii,-. . i .ii I hi- iiiii;ht t.. Im .it ..i; ,1 . . .n-. .!,iti. .ii .111 in-|iir.il II .11 I.. 1'.., .It -1. ' .. r iji 1 111- rluirili lu i .l- .Hill . .m .1-11 .1 ill- . vir\ \.irirty. an. I i-Mr> .niiliii , 11 ■ '.i And uist a« ihi- iiu-'ik.ii ."in.ihlv ..i th..-r who :ir.' I. -- ., iin, •■■ ili. ilninli, -till iii.irr ' pri.K nl ' ,..-i- wli.i .in- inori- en;.. I . ni '-t l it il i ' ;>)ii ( M-r. _'5 t 111 it cm Ik- iiitroiliin 'I ritu .my church IS cri.i'i-.l l.y the spin! which s.i>-., ■ 1 li;n (■ no lu cd of thee." To Ih-khi W illi, tli.it is not true. Each lu-eds every other, and "the weak are m-ccs.ary." Mitt, apart from that, the rtally Christian i|.u--ti.in is II. it wli. thi-r 1 h.ive tiecd nf otlu rv, Imt wlu lh. r ill. y h.iM- 11. -1 .1 . I iiii- I h.- yif's .It tin ir.ir,! .mil -|>;!i! at.- i;is-n. ii.'t t.i 1„- siltishl> h. . i!-:-!. li-i- ' . h. !-i .1 > ■ Ihr ./(/mJII/i/^-.- I, .' I '/111,.'. ~i I 111 Il- ls r.>.iin ami ti. . ■! 111 l!;i i hiirili lur llu- licst that Wi- li.i\i- iiild kn.iw .iii'l .-in .in liiit peiutra'iiig the van. us utiMtu - uf all her suns, should be manifest their unity of -pirit. It 1- ii"t uiiiMiit mti ri -t th.il I'.uil puts till- -pr.lkini.; with ti'lli;!!. - l.i-t lu- .im - -.1 'will-. .111.1 Ul lllll-t -!l|ip.l.i- th.lt l|.- lli.l's -11 ilrlilii r.iti !\ 1 hi- «.i- till- ni..-t -i ii- -.iti.iii.il i;ilt iir.iliil.K P.- ( 'rinthr.in- wiri- p.irtii'ii'.irly prmiil ut it 111 li.i- ih.- tirst pl.uc 111 xm 1 1, and s, .nu- oi tluiii ni.iy liavf ti.irdly coii-iden-d a |irr-..ii a ( hri-ti.in who diil not p.i-,-<--- it - Itnt the pr.'piT place for it 1 ;if the lu.ttom It was as a rule 111.. ri- exciting an.l cuifii-iiiK; th.in edifyitiK. ;tn.i it w.is a ■ 'ui; riiiiuve from prophecy an.l ti-achiiiK he signifi- cance of this for the modern church is ohvioiis. Till' //VMI.I 1)1 ('''.iMi- .if l.i'!, ( \iii "). This w.>iii|. rlrl iirii m pr u-i nf I 've ha- t. r it- hackur.iui'il tin- .h- .r.lir .■! the 1 |irii!ih;aii i-liiirili II w.i- .1 uilt' il ilf-r. li, hut gilts without love are iiulliiiij;. This I COKINTUIAXS. [*'n. XIII |an.l Ki - 1< ; iv A ih- ••^ii I ii..v.' all C li \rii:K 1,1. I <--'::I'! r.iii.".o iii..iiiu..in.,, I ""^ ;,,.„i |.,;nc iim; charity, it l.p ; ! .i, il„. irn'li tl .•! I'.i -1 -.^i - '"'"^ ):,,„;,■ |. , IS- til, . I-. !• v-i „. •:>.>• «. i lK -> I.'.., - ii; -Itinv. lit, ,!. ,-. 'It --t .1 .,! •! - ii->- I, v> lb n i; li' '1, i ii-rr. as \Mti. th. "I ■'■■■■■•■■■>• • '■ •'■^ " J ,. ;■ ,-,.,1 ,.,„„i,„, ,,,■.;.,.,,„,,.,;.-: i!„ , ■ :li iu !;,,.! till- Lilt l>int- 1! I ■ K :l. "l;' ''. < ,1 ^ u : ; - I ■■ ', !<• '111. \ ,i' ],, , {<■■ '\ \~\ . ■ : :i "I li:- aiuiinuM. - i Mi. iS) lu .li4 u. t i! lll'^. It fi iniu-li , ... in- h.aU. lU.. a ! I'i I i : .>'H' . ^""l t!.i>' ,;, .,.!„.,.. a,,.! ..,!t i-U.. a o.iti.-.-m ot .1^ .--uii.,1 nuimv a : . , , . ,'-,,.;,i Hu |. i. • l. .-l un!'-- ti='- t..!i^ar, ^s,l■.■ ii,;. ri,r> Iv.l ,:;,\,V. ;„ \,i„i, an.l a^Ha.n.- Iv- 5;- W .Ui iw n-..l o.un.^y ,„:!, ;.:iN 1.1--;; u>- ai. P>r- m. . I aiil i.- t... -l „,,,, , ,, ..1, ■■ I,. .1. ,1 .\,-. iili-n iMa u iK'V 111 l,'\c I" 1" 111- "v.ii •■ ,1 1,,: >..•']. i 2. 3. And if 1 have prophecy, that '"xn. ill., 'in '::\vr,:,'':::,:'i. 111';.- 'i"^';:"n.., u:.u-h 1 -iv.ii.. i. and besides i:..' ( iin-ti.iii tniM \v .n - ■ ' , 1 i.,,.. 1.1-, .K.i, >..a ... c ,./ -i.> in ici. Ml. lui. and i, i, , . , . I point out to you a know the mysteries . . ' ' way of exccedmj; excellence. I li.' / . v. >U,..n. eveiy one of tncin ; '• ^ . .;„„ lii. >i.;.M ii.-.-!N 1- 11.1 I'll..;:. and 11 I 11.. . all .... . . ' \'' '\ ■ ■ ■■ ■ I knowledge- n. ttul i-. I« - ,„ u.i-,: . - .'ill.-! -"..I-' .-. I J r. K .... !■ ' : ..« ..t « : an tr a!!. I>.;t m u , . ii 11 • < 1- ar.' to in- i \ h, 1, 1. L,.,!.;. .1 a- a u'-it. ;....ii. I . !V- \:,- !,, ■ -ll • , 'i.ll i. 1. ;,,,,! -..! :■■ ..I !i 1 ■■- I'V ini|.'a-. .. ,., . , .> ..•.II,.! .,|..T, I 1:..\<- r.Mt ■- ■ -iud if I have all the n.. ■ r a. ,1 «i„ , ^,. ,1 . ■•, ,, I at ..ti.. .M. ' so as to remove mountanis, n..t ,1, , ! *,-. . ■ •:. '. . • I V • . ■"• <•"••• '•■«• ■ , , . ; , , , h I ^pcaU : tin. otlur n.r. -ni. m-'^.'^.-.. , = ;.. raU^ With the ton^ui... ot !,.tn. yes, evta of ,■■../•■;■■: V., j-jw A" anRcls. and have not LOVi:, I :.m lu- _ . ' ■ ........and have not LOVh come M i. : • ' 1. ■ a souna.n-; 1 1 am nut..,n^ ^ ' V i ' , brass or a clansmK cymbal. ^ i ! ^ | ^ , 'i i' , ^'.-'i'vN 'l.' h.I^ f,'M,;.n i,M-r |..^ ' 'l^-.i -i-i'/ ''rV:'!..,'.^':'" ^ i' i'- ul ,a.,;ia-,-y all. I I, nil. tlai;; u.r,' a!-. : • .'. . ■ , ,1, 1 ... ilu- chi:'.-h ..f mh "lu . VI. 1 .,.^,1 , .1.. .. ii.'i ^ 1:.. -■■ 'i:.i^ " ,.[1 ,1 . . -■ 1 . n , . ■ .■ - 1 ■ u I r,- nil - I . ' 1' ' > ' ■ 11,. I . i:. 1 liu' -p''-.An.,i if I dole out i..-^ in r..— !- -r 1..,, :. ■ - i,!-:.i..ii. ■-,,■.>■ ti:.. i r. I dole out 1 ill i'i"i -' 1- ., . I ^. 1- ill 1 ,i-,a',->. a. a - • ■ ' all my substance t.. th. n.--.... I ,..| .i,c -'>... 'i .1 111. n. w an.i it 1 ,\- u :■• ti.rtiK-r. ;••■•>»!••• ' , ,. 1 : : ■ . ii. -iial S've up my body to be burned : . '' ll.li.vv aiui have not I..,; •!.,;!> .i'- ' In nil !v '■>"■ I" rV';-".;'Ji ^ i .'l';^.' '' love! I'im n.t a wmt benented. U li:,t r,^,,;,i:,i i;.,' -.:.-.,:=..n tMn;- j.^.r 1. v.. L... i ..I t" t;.un In ln^ 1,~„„ „- ,h,- 11, , .,.:,.u„:,nt ... r. '1. 1.... 1.. ...Mi.K ^..n - .i..'.,i:,.. ..... ... „. r'. t,;.) ].:•:■. t\r-l \-' i:il. I. -f.-li .d( tl.lt r. >• fa-llIHI M 'V |. , ,■ ,1 ' ,. ,! .i'.,, ^..,.,,1 '., .. ''rjt'Oi^.a 1 r 1- J. tl xijtTa.u.u. /,;.if / r\ ,f ,1:', ; ...1 v,.t:.nc --a- • ' ,n- hiu l....-tmL.. a- ti..- .Ul.n.t. aim ,;,.-;.„..!ui,,, u. ............ i---n. :.!.!■. . f ■ M,-,.i.-,-. i-.i-.r .,.,.ru.c ,,. ■ ,. -y ,!.-.-ii--i..ll • 1 r --M- 11. la •- . . . • ■ , ■ ' . ^ ch Ml Nvhcrc It 1= lU't iia nil, ..ltd --lie i- .k-ds aini.lilu,iti..ii, iiu..;^.. .1 lui^a. l-^' de- Cu. Xlll] I C'OHINTHIAXS. 91 4 Charity siitTi rrth Intig, and is kind ; I \s In iIkt tlirr,- In- kiiciwKil^;c, it >1m11 van- charity cnvicih iic'i; charity vaiintctli not j i-li .n\.i> itxlf, i-i iii't initTcl 11)1 w klii'U in "ir. 1"' D.ith 11"! nn~. ' ;nly. I'ii. -\ in p.irl Sfiktth ii'^t Irt own. i> ii^t i.imIs pi voki'il. tlniikiih It' I imI , (■ 'sriMK-clIi II"! Ill iniiiuit). bill ri , . -.'A tlu' trutli ICI i'.Ml ulull til, It ul'ull j,. (lllllil is ■ Mil,. i!:>ii that wiiK-h 1- 111 pin >h,ill Imik' away. II When I was a chilli. 1 >pak<- as a - IW .iri-tli all iliiii--, I'l lirvi'lh all ctiilil. 1 uiuh r-lu...l as a > IrM. 1 t!i" 'li'it .is tli'iik's. h..pitli all things, iiulunth all . a cliihl : hut wlu n I 1.. >miik' a ni.ni, 1 tliiiii;s. S (. li.iriiv iu \rr faiU-tli : hut wlu'tlicr tlhir hi- pr.'phicif-. they -liall tail: whether //i.-ct- be tuiiKUcs, ihiy sli.iU ctasc ; imt aw.iy iliiUli-li thim;- Ij |''or iii'W \\i -.I- I'li'Miuli .1 t;l.i-s, (i.irkly; hut Ihni l.iif in l i. r lunv I knHW in part; hut tlini sliall 1 k'l.iw ivui as alsn I .ml kiiiiwti. ■ in! cii'l'ii nil- I';'- iliMhiiiir.il n.iturf of •.lii^i- iiliii,' • III!- ihiiii t" tlu- ih>;iiit> 111. Ill wirih ilu- alHtiK-f ut frmlril !'\ TTapeSii'if TO jn \ J,? Willi^ut i \\!i,rr\iT uili- a in-''i 'i'l' >.i'"r-li''' ^ lu- iii.iK. lu- ib'thim; ami u.ini- U'-tliu:- .i pr^-c p, liiil wh.it 1- Imvc - . . iiitit i liuK particles, ami tlu- r- i-tilu'ii I't in 4-7 I'.ml .litiii.-- l-v.- hy sh.iwin^ v ri-,"""? in vcr. 4 aii.l ol ^ti-cs S-l.i ,K-rriI..-, 111 s.tiul.irly slow to anger, lit iKiti' Mt tritipi t : pci-itiv. Iv. rhvilmiu-.i! trr-rs. tin- al-nliiii; ii.iluii' "t slu- is kind. Ilu- ii..;atuf is .l.--j!"w. Love never at any time falls, " hut vrlupi-.l at U-iiKth. Love is not envious 1 ■ .. r r.ni.iins vt, .t. ■ 11 am! uii- ii.s of otlu-r- wIiom- K'"- aro 111. .1 c , move!. ahii!;iiu I 1 i - 1 lli.o.l i; an. ! 111 hril'liaiit : s!u-h emy is iiiilo\i Iy. thniiuh :!ii> -In- olY.-rs a .-ti ' :■ > ' ' ' ' then- i- ;iiiol!u-r > iivy ( not of pn -ons, l,i't L .tt-. -o otti-n air, ,■•!> .il ' : ■! i ' ■ ! of tliiuvts ) \\!iu-h is vo-y-m ii(!a!Mv- (\ii..;M | / . / .'. . , . t uurs. a'- ' '■ ■ l.o\,- does not play the braggart, is not | .o\\ , , v tii. s ni i\ ' puffed up. does not behave unseemly, j oi K ; ■ ■ r 1 But w!u-!her tt-.ere he coniiiiits no 1,1, ,, h ..t v. or.,! • I- prophecies, they shall be dom- away: or does not -iiri-i,:\ seek the things that 1 tonuucs. tlu-y shall stop: or Imnvled^;?. are her own. Im! 'ciiM.hr-. hkc 1'.= -I i 1 it shall ho done away: for ■ • • 1 , •,■ I ill, , ;■ , •' ■-; ,1, ,,-jour knowledi;e is but paitial. aiul our ' . \, ■ • • ■ . -! ,■ i prophecy is partial -i:'!::! , does not let herself be provoked, .s'.. !•!;• : ■ - i, .mill,.! but when the , , I -h takes no account perfect is come, the partial shall be done of the I ' wrong m-,- ii ■ '. >■ -Ml, m. lit - a; .■ . \ iiMi' >! ill in iniquity — t'; t.. tlie ■ t the t ;'t;'l. d. "r pi. - lit p.lti.t I. mp, ,1 ,11 s h .. th. away. IV.- 1-. illlill.; of 1 ' r I . ' ' ■ . tii.i.i. she has no joy i ■ '■."■■•'i, \., ' ■• ,1 ■ ■ ■ oi ui • ' : ,t (•■■:: ■ : ' ^. ■ ' " hr It - 11. itiir.-. \. \r- h. r but she rejoices ' ! . ' ; "-■ pt :• • with the truth — truth in n. 1 tl. \ r- j. ■• lu.y p..!" .1 a!-! • ti.-iilar CIir-tMU tr-»h. h. !•• 1- r---::! I. | v — (>n'\ x .! •! • "tsl '•■ ' > Whin t':-- '.r-U ts tr •.iy\A\.v I. < :■' •'. '-^v.nw'.- ■'.■>■ w ■•'>', t.'%. 'I : I ■ -■ ---^ 1" ■• 'y I i-n.-Ai, -M.- 1 ■ • 1 v,I,,! I,.,,. ,],.... are sp!. ti.!-.n> cm',..,' , II. 12. I' 1 ■ i --'r :, si\., . i,h h. ■.r-ii'ii'^' will an eji-,!i.iti, r fr,- . f th, .t ir.u-r'n ALL things she beats I ra '! 1. r I h . i . n-h.-i-'v ei ,' , , : ,-.vi ill the -eii-.- ..f t,,!erat. -. ALL -umi. ■ ■ ■ things she believes, ALL things she hopes. : tr i,-. ALL things she endures: th. ie i- i, ' r-? , speech was a child s winch slie will Ilol h.ar. l.eliex,-. l|.,p. . ,l', - ■-■i, i ■! • ' ■ tn.iurc. Mer :;le I- a !. ■■ ; • ■ .- V ;^'-' "\ .T . f tile iiitlmiue-. h-i' ]'\'' ever.tni,- t-.lmy re.isonint; a chihls; h now that 1 her nature with . vervth!' - t,. di- ip- • -nt have hecoire a ni.m. I ha . ■ ' .ne away lur slie will hr-h(\. ': • ■! h p.- tl , I with the thintis of the child, 1 f rme and endure the m..-- h. .■ i- t'lt wh..h ''.s are p.-- n-K ah ih •! , . .r,„,->^*„, inspires toleraice, /ui'/i tm man), /^>^•. pi rf. ). ilu ciiiircli. in ih. pr. -eiit :i«.-. When I was a child, my •. h.-I. o.-l 1 COHINTIIIANS. LCii. XIV i.i And tin >f tlin c chanty. siunt'i.il jiri .|ilu . iilii.!. til l.iiili. li"lH-, i-lianly, ,1 -1" lail tlu HI all -I <■! tlu CHAriKR M. .ii: ■ r < Ii.ii i!> , .mil iK ~ii • \:\;\ ta'lii r tl'al \' nia'. 1 ' aiL:ur -pt - (,..,1: lor 11.. man na.U r~taii.lrlli liim, how- li. it m llu' ^pnal Ik- >|nakilli tn\ sttrics. I'.iit Ik- that iir..i>lu->icth >l>iakctll iintn iiitii to ciiilicalKMi, and v'.Nlii>rlati<>n, and OMiifiirt. , ih n. .t rail. . nu n, I'lit mil') i. in Its na^..tlI^. an.l It, uili- ai. -a,tal.I> hav. n,. nf.ral \.,a..-; tb..! li..«rwt ,,, ..,,,„1„,,.,;' l.a. :ii lla ai;.- I., o.tii.-. .|n,nt. Latii.-.l. .haialal.a a ir.au may ,1,, ,11 :a:..' a-i.l la.- ua\. aa.l 1... il i--..- Lc- n..t ill.- -al .-I In- a.li..n, ,1„. 1,,!,,. .,1 |„i . ! 1 ui'll.. !.-n l..r I..- i> a ni.aal iwr j.. ti.ai ,-vir lulnnd. 111. i' - v:" i' >-.'aiia-t Ik- «i;!i..tit lie lia> iiu part in the i-lcriial |u. , II I! ):i 11 - p a l al -tat. >. and ..rd> r, II,,. - . ,-, :■ 1 - ■ • ■ a ( \. r. lul. For NOW we see through t -r / v ,n a mirror la. m.i.ila>- ninr..r .-i lUv /■r„/'/j.vy />..''.-/ Hum .sr.-.//./>i.c 11 :„ui.i.l-. uia.h dal n.,1 r.-'nt u.ll l!.i- / .ai..;i..-.v . MS . l-J.^I. .1- .iM-,M.iT.. in a riddle, . , , r.,tili,ij a.n. wall. .at >-l..n- 'nic •lisnisMun ..t -piritnal t-ndownu-iits }.,._',„■■ -1, ,.,ai. ..l ..utliiK-: tlu- pliia-v 1- wln. li «as inti-rrnpt.-.|. ..r rath, r ilinmi- a'lm..M c-.rMai!> -■iL;urM.d l.v tlu- .U-MTip- , iialid. liy tlu- iH-aifiliil )Mii.-i;yru- ..n i..\r. "ti.,ii ,.| M.. . /ni Niiiii \ii S wluri- tlu- i lun- ri'sniiud. and tin lain m .mi. -'N s. ,„„,,. ^Mit UM - tlu- -anu word ( .\. K. V. that tlu- .-ndnvnu nls v ,i > m imp. .nam-.-. .l.„k -p-'alu-.-.. 111.- -M-.inK" r,-:i, hv-ro -I.-m a- ■!.. >!. w nh -po-ial n l.r.-r.o- f.M.il t.. 1- a- tlu- o.nt.-Nt M!«:;.Ms. m..n-|t.. tlu- «m- . l pf-plucy and -iK-.-ikm:; NMtli ,.,utu-nl,irK tlu- nin..n..f 1. la,' THEN, ' n ..i^-.-. - llu- .-hapt.r i:u.s a -Jmip-.- ulun fhri-t o.nu-. .mr face \m!Mm- la.rn, ,1 i:,t.. l . a nitliian M-rMr>- ,-l pal.a- u.-r- dirertlv to Ci.d'.-; face, an.l om k.i..«l. d^L- : -hip, vxlmli uas m ry i.iil. r. iil Inmi of lliin \mI1 W imnu-.li.ii. . ula.li i- ,m-|..Mr oun. I lu- p..mt iii..-n uliuli I anl iiuvsihK- now f.ir now my knowledge is i -ir.-mnm-ly m-i-i- through. .iit iln- paia- Kn.lnal ( ^a-' • ami partial, but then I ur.q.li i- a- il> ijrn, ral aim i- tlu- shall knowCod well, even as 1 was also \ .iiiu aii. .„ oi th. . liar. h. :i. x,n i..u- p.ii t- well known nt linn, on tlu- cMr in.in..r.. lam- \ .ni>' a. • . .r.hi'-.; ..- ih.y o..mii.ia.- i-. 1,K- dav o|- mv .-..m.-r-iiin to Cliri-t ( . i, nut aim, IV.pla.y inan ih,- p.-mt ..I \\\^ w. w. m r,- \,ila,.,l.,- th.iii .-luaknik; with 13." Tlu- diltVi. iua- l., t\v,.-n th.- p.irli.,1 i. .ml^iu a- it > - .ill i 1 .ali - m. .ta-. ^ . ., , III,, ^.|,,||,,,,- 1„|U, -nnply and tlat iir.-illv with till- Pursue love — tlu- ami tlu- i>c rl\rt h.;- Im n am-,.ly ilInM -. .ili d |,\ !>;,. t'|.j-f, . ,.i th. tiii'd .ami tlu- iir.Mor. t', !h ]• . - - - toiii;!'.-. pn.plu c>, , luit. as It IS. there ABIDES- i i , . , ;i ;n t; ■ - w h -r < \ > r — faith, hope, love, THESE thri-e . i i I h. - i ' 11. .t tlu- oth. r li a. i- I : ' ah. .-y. tomziu--.. ka. ul. .II:.-, m y. ^ I- i -ai.l /i--,"'' ^' iii,,i,- .ipj.i 1 pi Mil- to th--- u-.iM. hat ih.ay. t,.,., -h.,u ih.- .ihaUi'L; d. :ai> ol 1..m : l...rh .1- !'a--t in •■•.il. and li.'p.- a^ . \- pn l,iii.-\ oi I. . --i-.lm 111 i-oiiu-. But the (greatest of these is love, Im-.m-.- Iom- i- th. yroniul aiul iii-pii .,1 i-'ti of tlu- i-llu-r two, I.. VI- / .-/ir,- .-//i ami Ih'prlli I vi r. 71 .™/ r-r-"--/: . ; Ih.- l."..n .-nfot-.-.-.l with -m-h h.-anly -.an.t Marilmil iiilts in onUr that yni :,n,i .lo.pu-iu-.- thronghom ih.- ,h.,pl.r 1- m in pi . l-: a . h-,t ; .-■ a , t 111..-- ..I .ill th,- ,.,u vxhuh tlu- .Inm-h ami th. a,.hM.I:-..il -,:ilt -l P!--l!a-\ I''- .'ih'h-'-- ,u-,-.l I.. Ik- .-N. r k-arim,K " hv h.-ail ■ th.it | pmplu . y at tlu- v.-ry iK-Kiiiinnu ..1 tlu- di- iiulottm.-nts ami -iTvicc utim>t)ircd l.y luvi- |ai»ion. i-* stnkniK. and MRinhcant o» :, ,-, ,- .1, -.-1 ih. .1 m v-li Mil i his Is not a ■ p.ii.iu- yiu. lai! tlu- spirit ill whu-h all tin- \, in. Ills yitl- of till- i-linroh iiuinln-rs ,.1,- t.i l.<- i-M-rci-t-d. riiisiir 11 tar ni.ire i.ini.--t word than siniplv " f..lio\v alt.-r" .i f I's vsni, ()». 'I Ills p.irsiiu of Iom- did r.it si||i, t--, ,K- tlu' iu-.-. ssi!y f.ir tlu- K'ft-, f.ir I'.iiil -.i>s aiiani. as lu- li.id sai.t I11-- f..r(- (Ml. .* n '.ni"ii. "I- I'v Isii-wUil:^. , .t by tuiiKUc f'l't' i. m> >k-ih cuuwth ,1,0 ciutrch. , ' - ,\"-«. I ; : 1 w-.nl.l tli.it v.- all -l'->ko with ..md. u ;i, mi. r i.i-r > -r ,. . |' ' > ,\'r Kr.-a..-r :s lu- sh.it ,.r.,i,Iu-Mr,l, than 1;.- '- Un..un una, (..l-.l .T Ikup-I lat s ,c .k.tl wnli toiiLiul. cx.q,, ho i,i L-r i, .1.,- nun.,.. > -^'V' .'T' .U "V ' ,he • ,rc,. that ,ho church ,»ay ncc,%o c.hl> - !. ul... ^h.iH I.rc,...rc hnn-.l, ,.. ,ho ^, N.nv. hn-.lir. M. it I .onu' 'in'" V ' " ^" !iU-«i-; . '■^'■'l" ''> MH-akini; xmiI. t..ii^iH-. what -ha'.l I l.r..|.t tlu' t.-MKiu- ■ ^^ f I im.h r .|. ....1 ynii c.xl-. p, I >hall A to y.m other h.,.v ,1k.I1 n 1 .■ lo^ n u lu M-k. "- l'ai,rs hi«h estimate -.t ,t ■ .t I'f'H'hetic KiH. ■ in^ l._ j-k • ^r, i:,..t^ ;;:';,:;t^h;.''unr,,r ' „:;. Uery one of you. w,th tongues: but I '! ",:!,- 'ilJni^iiun,', ,....,.l-y u:-h more that you prophesied aM „-...rc ,h ,n «• t,--ii. >. > •i-t h.ro u, "kUt that. U» /-.'■•• ""'0 For he that speaks ..n.il i-r. .Imk yihn.. Besides. _ he with a iiRue does not speak to men , that exercises the g.ft of a prophet ,8 a -for nobody understands .lit /i.-.,-., i ; greater, h. -n._..' - ''T^'";; J" hitrt-but to God: ,. ii. l-.lv „.»l, rM.m.I> ; than he who speaks with tongues, un- h,n thru ..l,x-.-lv lu- h.i^ nu IH'Vvvr .h- ; less, a- a in..'l.r... m : i" v,:!:, -;i'''.''^" iv , . 1 V 1,; •!.n«u-«a.i...,; but inl-a... he interpret m order that the ;^it !,-ilv. an,! «,.h..iu the ,.anuM.a,.nn church may get ed.,Kat,on 1 . . r. h vMin- ol hi^ uiuUT-t.m' . . , , speaks mysteries, \\lii-li HI. ly. 111.U-..1. -Ill' i M'-i-;t- ii,,..- VuCu. ;;ra;:^i,;:'n,.;::i: ." ;J..n,,,yL,.,,, ,.f ...o. e.hfy,„«. he Who exercises the prophetic •- ' - -T;;.:;, ' And now. Rift speaks to mer .u ■! tii' • , ... 1 1 i- , 1, ,:, arealH..vin,-hh.-v..rO:T ed.hcat.on: brethren. It 1- ' • , . ,1 v^. ..;. ' i.. »^ ll.-i.l- - ..liti.i I-mil; "... ..l.lu..l:..n I., in-, i-n, • «f:.-_ ,„,:. also exhortation and -:!, ,11:. ipr.-taifn. ..r .!•• consolation. \-. „. .ho ^-.i".'. ••"'> >..nr ,.r. -.„, d,,,..-..:!.. P- •!:•> ; '' !; •;; '',"' .■!? t''!'"r'.in'.-- arV -haU-ii'iip. an'.l !h.- come to you speaking with toiiRues. what s'„:-,,u.nl o.nUMr,.-.l. .uul thus tlic church good shall I do you. unless I speak to , you either in th.- u i\ 1 a revelatton or ■ 1 1,. )„,.., i' lrl .iir. iu! i!..t of knowledge or of prophecy or of teach- „, .l.pncia-; Ih,- vu^u.~ ini.hb. cf, v.r ing? A a u--: ! h. a .|:. -n.- .■■■• ,S u 1 . 1. Ih- th..i,k. I ....1 l..r th.-m 1 .-I. x.r. iirani. at;.m uhuli h.- u.n-,I,l ...'; ati aii.I ho h. ro cmoodos that he that f-'t •'■!:■ t-u::. -m . «.. „M... speaks with a tongue edifies ^ - ti. a ..t ,ntr,:..-f,-.al ,,pp>. h. mm.... o, ,,.^uh:M, h. c..ur-o ,i.f cliiittii. I" which hi. nuu\- «••"". ""i-"' ' n„„.!.lh^ih!o- hilt himself, ovm ,h..u^h ui- ..r pr..ph..> hnt n.. t.,... !.:.> thov niav not ho wh..llv intolligihlo P. him- w 'hi h' Ip a p. tp'. s.-.I p- ..!; . .1 self: (of he fooN that it ,s nn.lor ,ho 1.1 7-9- I" ' - ' - "• ''j^'' >' tluonco of ,ho spirit that h<- tn..\o.l •■ i_. . -! r ,1 !■ ■; ■ ' , ii '. 1 • :i .1.0 utterance. But h« who czerctses the ^ tuiihty umuurprticd iuUfc;uo, a> .jiily »o 94 I COKINTHIANS. ICu. XIV 10 I 111 re ;in , it iii.iy Ik-, mi many kiinN oi III ihc and none of tlu'ni iS will;. ■lit ^innilii-.ilhMi. 11 I lu ritiiri- It I Kimu nm tlu- iiicm- illK ><( tllO \i>U'i', 1 !,• a liarliarian unt'i nio. I J I'.viii Ml yv, fiiraMiiiifli a^ v an' Zfalmis (if s|iiritiial nitls, Mfk ;liai >r iii.iy fxci'l til the fililyiim iif iIk- cliiirili. 1,1 W litTi'fiirf K-t liMii lli.il ^(uaki lli m an u II L- no:,. II tmiHiii' |ii ay tliai lie may in U-rprit. 14 I'lir if I iiray in an uiikiU'wn tuiinuc. ! iiiN ^|lint prayi tli, Init my iiiidi r-!aiuliiig I IS iminntiiil. j 13 \\ lial is it ilun - 1 uill pray with |llir -pint, and I uill pray willi tin- nmlrr j staiuliiit; aI>o: I will Miiii with tlu' >pirit, i ami 1 w ill sing with the undiTNtanding I aNo. I'l I.Ui-. whin thiiii slialt bliss with j tlu- >|iint, tiiiw shall li that <)cctii>ii-tli the riioni lit till- nnli-anu-d say .\nu-n at thy I (divine "if- thanks. sci-niinn he understand- < ill II' ' \v li.il llimi sayist 17 r tlioii verily kImsI thanks will, lint till' utlii-r is nut t-tlilii-d. nnuli suiiiid wiiln'iii -cii-c. Inanimate things — pipe or harp, for example — if, in giving forth voice they yet give no distinction to the notes, make no clear ri .il -tiir- ii!:i-. 11 1 iiiiuritii il ai.-|i"ii, i-aii i-i iiu- ii.nii i:m;:Ii I'li-ilile -..iiiul-, Your Case is ex- actly the same: if by means of the tongue. ;■ ..| - lid. you j;ive fi.rth a word wlucii has no clear sinniticance, how shall there be any knowledge of what is spoken? for you will he III -'u c"!i'iili.'ii oi p.. pli sjieaking ( t.'«." « w t'.i p iTtii- I «.•/ .' ' m, II I : • r. J I . I 111 into I the I air .n idle iiioimh i \- 11.- '■. .^lld ).r. itltl' -s u :• '■.[] 10-12. I i.'iii inplii .d i>'.!\iliL; liji'^i 11:11- sii ,1 ! 111-! r mil III s. It p.i - - . - 1 ■ ' tic ^. I in- mc'y Co!:!ii-id -■• iiid- oi l.'i, ::;ii l.ni- Kiiai;i - There are ever so many kinds of Voices, i-li-aily li' re npial tii lail- ^•i(ii.<.-,s-. mayhap, in the world: '.''"i-ai is .•ipp.iri nlly pri-terrvd lo -, \ii-ii lit the l.ifi r m tin-- eon- 11. . ; 'II ; and none i>f , m is without voice, I <• »!fn:l;. .i-.-. I -r- -..vi - ' .1 T : ., a ni. ..'i iie, 1 r 1'. \\ .".\ -I'e.ik .I' d : . ,il 1;;, 111. Well, tlicii. if 1 do not know I'n ■ ,- (Su-ami 1. i' it 1-. ih.c significance of the voice. I shall be a barbarian to the speaker, while the speaker, m hi- 1:1 11. will be a barbarian. Ill I 1- rel.iiioii to me if »""'. .'! ' . -, . r.ii'u r til. Ill 111 iii v M(i/,.,ii(,-i:.M . Your case is exactly the same loiru-t i .nt .1 \ t T ij I- .111 (ell. 1 o! \ er o ; . ! '^..'v ■> 1 u-iriiT)(t, T u i\ - ,,i It y,,, nnniti Ilij;ilily, yoii will he as liarhariaii.s 'Hitliin the ehni-eli. wlun.i- i' 1- \.i'ir d;il\ ' lo idiiiy II. Ilureioie. jince ye are cov- 1 eters lei. M-r. 11 of spirits, -.pintii.d ^:iiis ai.d iorees perhaps they h.id 111. ide this eiaiiii III their letter — seek them with a view to the edificatton of the church, in order that ye may abound m them. I he order Miyi^i-sts tli.it this traiislatinn is j more cornet tli.in si'i-lc tliat _vr iiuiy ii'ni'und ' l'> lit,- i'Jin,itlioit t't the iliuitli, tluiu>;h the latl'-r is not inip. issihle. I 13, 14. Therefore, since ton-nes, un- iiil. I pri !• d. contriluile iiothmt; to ediliea- ! iioii. let him that speaks with a tongue pray that he may interpret (i'a henii; a I li ml of purpose and purport, and c.irry- 1111;, III sueh a e.iiil. \t, llie - nre aiiihiLiiiity .1- ihe I'nvjli h l'ii.:t> '>-<\\w vnpjuw, th.it , /■ 'v 11. re m:ist \,v ml, 1 ;.ri t. .! \ 1 ,,y t--ii,ju .V " oi' 1: ,• li, M \ , I . ,,11.1 1- 111. ii \\ .'in .'i-.liii.ir.\ pr.i.M i lor the I.::!' ot iiilerpri 1.1I1..11. .-so .\.i..r.|, '■I..11-' .1. s . "ulieMt..re ht liini uii.i spi..lolli with a t..n-.;;ie. in lii~ pr.i>er lor. lull. 11 pr.'S iiii; 1. >|;;\c til, it he iiia\ iiiler- Irnt." d there i- 11,. al.s..'!!te 11'.,, -^ity j u ii.v pr.i\, r III \ , r. i_t sli, ,■.;,] „„ j,,,:. ! I'l-i 'y tile s iii-e lis ill N • : I ) , and. Ill the C'.tU. v. th, more II,;' 1..! exp'una- tioii of the w. riN \\. iM he e..iisid. r- lim the ilidefeasiiile imp. .rt.iiu-e of illlilli- jUihle spi-ieh. if the ehm. h is i.i h.- edili. .1. jaii.N one who lias li.e ^^ln of t..ii.:ii.s. >h,,i:hl hn.iy for the ii .wi-r of interpreting tluin. For if I — wnh his tisn;d tact, lie makes 1' 1 . .-e Ills own (el. xi. : wmiid ii..\. hieii less coiirti..ns and skilful — pray in an .-t..'..-. '.lellmihie tongue, my spirit in.h . .1 pray; — it is a real pr.i\er - but my intelllKcnce is unfruit- , ful. hecanse It we. ./A ii. ii.-n.L; for the editi- :e.it!..ii of nihi l s l-er\..r. if it i- 1.. ).,• I.r.el'ea'ly h.elpftil to the chnrcli, n -1 h.- 'h •! Iiy I'le. •■ . th. Il- tr-s-t 1 e i„,i,.{ i5-«7- How then does the case stand? Ch. XIV] T rORIXTHIAN'S. 95 l8 I tli.iiik Illy (ii>( tiiiiK'H - 111' II I- tlian yr .ill: Ii» \\t 111 iIk- iliiirili spi'ak live W'TiU uitii mv that /'V i"V ; I, I speak willi I liail rallii T - .. . uiuli rNlatnliiiL;, iinv;lit ti'.uli others aN'>, ihiii let! ihir.isaiul wurcU m ui unkii.'U'n ji> lirrthnn. I>c ii"t ihililri'ii in iiiuUt- ^t.iiiiliiii; . hiiuhi-it it! iiialuT he yc clllldri'll, hilt ill ^lIlll^■r^t.llullllv; '><■ nil n It stamls thn- , that, in piiMi.- wur-Iiip, I'olh spirit ami iiniul. t\r\ 'r .hhI iiii.:;i- mMU-c. are Tinis-.uy I will pray with the spirit, but I will pray with the in- telligence also; I will sing praise i ^aWdi-, nri^iually nt tin- iii»l Mnin ni.il ''miliiii- liiillt. tlini ..1 liie vMiii; il-illl with the spirit, but I will sing praise with the intelligence also. App.iri ntly /"'.jy. ' an.l /"it;;.v,' ucic the tW'i ill n it 'n> ii; wlii.h spcakiiif; with innuiir^ ihu-i!\ inanili ^ti il itM'If. rill- llM- lit llu' lllIillll^ClK'C i> .lll- snliltily iiuunilniit iipiui llm^o who t.ike any leading; p.irl in piililie unr^Iiip: for, if you — the i-tTi'ct of ilio ar;.;iinu-iit is iK-ililllfiud liy this iliriol. ii<-r>iiiial ap|u.il — bless -eil '■o a- to -ui;!.', -! th.ii ei rl.im -i .i!- ueie ri-ir\eil for llu -.e pi opU- in ihr ehnr> h .•i--eniMu s ; more proLahlv it i- Mie lii.; :r.i- tue. not tile literal ii-r. tli.it i^ here ine.int - f'- re sonietliiiiu almost linnioroiisly lirastie ;iho:it the i|nestion. The .lin.n ti.is ni> nieaniii:;, iMiless thf prayer li.-i- heeii intel'ii'i ntly fol- loweil : ;mil ih.it m the case :is-inii. •! i- iniliossihle. a- the pr iver u.i- ilietat' i| I>y spirit onl>, vviiiiiiiit til'' ■ IV.'. . i iiitelliui n '1 For, so far as you e nn- cemed (">'■ your thanks, ivii.g is all very well, but, u'un the elnueli II'..--. \on ;ire not th.' ..ii') pti-ou t.i e..n-i.I. r: lluri 1- the other iii.m .1- we'!. :inil li. ts not edified. W hat \ .n .!•■ i- '. i^.u', iki- h- i ei" !. .iMlil. . i\.n ...1/, h:' i'"t e.lilyii'.L;. ;uiii the ehiireh meets f..r eilitieation 18-30. .\Kain anti asain the arKunu-nt h. is s, i nil •! t.. ti n.| tou.ir.'s .m .ih-..' :te ■ li pr. 1 i.it >ii . t ill.- ui I' oi t. .ni;!i> hiii it I- I oi -o I'.eil !i I- th.' h'le-i 'l. .mil ill k- ii. .l ; I ■ I thank God. I speak with tongues more than all of you; heie ue i;. t .1 ^iJiep-e ..f t pim.Tliil'v .e-t.ilie elen.i lit m tin- n.itnre . t I'.iiil But, i!i..:i':h .1 111. Ill Ill.H s|„ ,,t^ ,', . (, ,,/ (X ,1 J I 111 t. .n^e. .1- . , Hi. .\ . .!. | li. \ .11 e . .1 11. 1 II- . in the church: ' • v I !. I would rather speak five words with my intelligence, that I might mstruct others also— the .'//li-r.v are ,il\\,..\s in I'. nil's mind (ef. xer i-i -than »en thousand words in a tongue. Spe.ikmn m the ehiirell slioiild he i;o\eriud hy the de-iro. Hot to cre.ite a s|.||v,,ii,,|i. Imt ;o tirmliiee 111 elTeet, .'111 iitst'Ui t\r etTeet : r.i:her a - nti nee tli.it helps, th.ill .111 nr.iti.-n tint mere'> eve-tes, llii- e..nti--ion shows ns the sp'eiiihd hal.m.-e of l'.,n!. lie had a di i p'y ee-i.itie element in I - n .' re, ar..! ie-i,itie e\p( ru nees are .i. kn- 1, N .l_;ei! in -' (or. \. I,?. Ml. 14; h ! lie w.i, u,II aw. ire th.i' 'he ,iefi\e i-v.'.'-e ..f iin.'h i. :rnee w.i- t!'.- !;••.•!, 1 r ir.in:!. ..f the spirit, .in. I w ■ ■ t ' - 'lu il.l,- e lit' ;'i-:t;..ii- t.. i. '-.i.-n 1 !■ t hrti-ell r. -ol iti 1\ a._',!!iist thi e. inti nip. r.iry t< nd- < ne;. to id. ntily 'he -pint wiiii 1 \ir.i..r- din.irx. the \i..liiit. !'•.■ .il.n. .t in,d, .ind I roelainied til, it ii- ii..!.|e-t in.itn ti -i.il loii w.i- ill ;he or.lm.iry .and noriii.il i'\irii-e of inti nn.^ent p. A. rs- not a- .1 H..ii.!ir- working;. h;it r.ilher as an ilh fioie^ '. i.e ef. I i.il V Jj I I hi' ("..riPllD.in p.is-i..ii ?..r till' o-'er*. ill. Ills 111 spill!:. .il th:iii;s 111- uen|'> ( iir>c.\'.'.oi, hi rl.'n ,11, ver. jo 1 l.ut I'elih. r.iti !\ ehara. n n 1- as ehiMi-h. Brethren, do not show yourselves chil- dren in mind, but if >..!i .ire to he ehildri-ii. let It h.' Ill .iiioil;, r sphi-r>- in wickedness be is babie^i; in mind, how- ever, show yourselves full-grown lef ii. '. Ill I', h;. pM 1. iin,:. M..- i!:.- ,,-•>,■ men ■ii. v el lini. .1 I . ;i,!. i;. in wor-hip !:'i:i:li h^'hle ai d iineih I \ "; f, • r \;i I' l r a-prel of ih.- ips • ti hri. 'ly .'i-iii--id in vv. 31-25. n in'. ' . •• . 't nv;!:. - :.i>.| pi ■ •]■'■■■ . v i;;- • • ' -t.ii-.l u 111). •••» t!:. ] ,'.<• of I in"v, w!i.t':!T .-i- 'rr..!.-.;-',.:!!'- .1 with il : ';..-tilp to It here .It;. nil "n. -iiperi. .rity iif prophecy tn toiiynes is deiiiDMstrated. 1 COKIXTHIAXS. [Cii. XIV ji In till- 1,1'.'. il i- w 1 !ili n. \\ i.;. " 1. 1 . 'Ill r ti'ir.:!!. ■- .iml ..lli. r li]'- \m:1 I .p. .,k rill. I ihi". )ii ■ '|ilc ; .mil ■ t .ill lli.il will liii> 11. .1 I;. ,11 111., -.iitli llii' 1.1. ril. W I',, r. I. .r.' !..ii'us an t..r a sik'n. iii.t t.i ilu'iii ll'.,: !■. 1 . \ . . I'l t I" tlii'tii tli.it ln-Iii\<- iiMt: lii'l pi ■ .I'll, -v iii'.i ,v.-/;.-/// ti'it for tlutn that Ih Ium il I. hut li.r tli. in wliiih luliiM-. .'.t It th.rif. .re thr wli.ilf ilinn I, Im' Ci.IIU' I. .llflll.T tllti" "I'r |il.iiT. .Itlil all -pr.-lk iWitll l..nj;in.-. .iiul til. re ...iiic in !::.'SC '/,'; ;/ i;.,' luili-.iriii .1. ..r iiiihi'lii'ViTs, will they :ni.i >,iy that >i- .irc mad? .'4 Milt It all pr. .plu -y, aiul thiri' n'tm- in 5 .Slid thus ari' tlu" -irnts oi his 111 .irt in.i.l.' iii.iiiifr^t ; and falling dmvil .•11 Ins t.irr lir will wi.r-hip Cn..!. ami rc- p. rt th.it (i.'d 1- in jmi "f a truth. 21. In the law, t .it i-. in i!ii' ' '''1 i ' - t.,.' , lii 1 I 1 , : II. ij 1. it Stands written: Surely in men of strange tongue and in lips of strangers will I speak to this people, and not even so will they give heed unto me, saith the Lord." I i.r t> rm thr /,/.\', pritn.irily tlu' IViitaleiti ll. i-aiiu' Pi hf apjiln d in ihi- wli'ilo uf tin- (llil TesLiiiu iit ; iii J. I n \. .t4, it is n-id uf I's. ixwi <>. In U.ii.ili tln rc 1-, i f i,iiiir-(', tin n ii rincc to --lu li spcikinij with Iiiii'.vii- .1- w.as prai-ti-rd in (.■(.nnth. Thf pr..p!..t'> cimti'iiipuraru - ^,•.,11111'.:!% ri .'rtiil In- in-triii-ti. .n, wliuli M.iiii.l t.. tlu 111 pill nil': and hf w.itn- tlnin til. It the tu \t diMiic nu --a'.,T \\..n!il c..iiir III tllini If. .111 ,\-->n.in lips — tlu- n .iii|iii r. .r- with tli. ir f..rii'.;ii -prr li w.ml.l 1h' lip. '11 ihiiii, llii.ir.;h i\iii -II tiinlili' an i-xprri.iKi- w.'iM 11. .t liiiii'..; the fnv..liin- Isr.ii In. - !■ > ' !. n t'l til. ir ( i..il. 22-25. And so tl: - tl" infiTi ti.-.' — the tonKiifs are for a si^n not to those who believe, but to the unbelievers, 11. t .i|.p.ii.n; > .1 -icii wl.i' li v\. .It'll iiiiliii'r til. in 1,, npiiit aiiil Iir -.iMil. hilt iiiU' wIiK-li wunld c..ntirin thrni -lill timrf in tli< ir iili-tin.iry it in.! ■.•nri-: f..r ;v .'.'1 /.'iry n t say th.'.i y.'K ' ( vrr. J.fi, ,i"-t .1- l-rai-1 ■..■•tiid ih'l ■ 'I (Is. N'^viii. !_■) Tlu' nt.iti.'ii h.is th. ..I'lii.- Hilly uf il'n-- tr.iti..li. nut uf prui.f: th' rr i-. uf i'..iiim , in l-,ii.ili, tlu f .hiiii On the other hand, if all prophesy, and _ one comes in tu the nii'ttiiiK, an unbeliever i-Mii or one dimply without knowledge I I of Christianity), tlit- ctYict is tar-rcacli- iii)s'. a cunvictiun i> pruiliu-rd whiih tnay i I'lid in ciiiiwr-iun : he is convicted (cf. Juhtl Nvi. by all — fvcry fri--h -piakrr i ili--tri -^I's his cuii-i n iifi- ,1111 u. an.l di'cpi'ns I his sl■l)^o of Kinlt - he is sifted by all, i vcry tu %v speech hniiK^ hnn ln f..rr .111 iniur tnlinna' the secrets of his heart grow manifest, ,1- tiir -r.ii. li 'ii;!it is !;,i.li..l lip. 11 thrill hy tin- ilmmlv illiinn- r.,ii.! -p. .iKiT- : and so, I'li.lrr thr um r- W !l. 'lllilli; llllpr.'- -1. .11 i.l ti:. pr. -rllir uf (1..1I pr. ..liKi il ]iv till -I- in-pirr.l .nnl srairli- iiii; -p. . i ll. he, i \.ti tli..i!>'h .111 lu,*', - ,., , . )• ll. l..ir. will hniiilih fall upon his face III 'rati-, and worship God, declar- ing, 111 tl,,it ai'l ami aftn \\ .ir.K hy -prrrh, that God is among you in reality: such iii:iiri----iuii- I'an li.i\c unly une sunrce. I In- ill -cripli. Ill uf the i tu-ct of prui>lii cy 1- nut -triotly c>in-i-tiiit with viT. wIkto it is a si',aii tu thi- l)t.-lii \ ini; : it Mip|i!i im'nts that st.itiniint. hy in-i-tini' npuii it> puwiT nut only ti> edify the lulicvini;. but to -I .ari h. cum iot, . 111(1 Convert the tiithe- In-viT, lu ri' ( niilikf vi f. ' nii ntium-d bc- fure tlu' Wmirrt, as it- ctU'Ct llliuii liitn is iiiurf wuiidcrfnl. I hr-i- la-t \rr-i's t;iM' a \ rry wi Icotne .1. -iTipiiun uf till' naiiirr uf pruplu-ry in l!;r i.irl> ihiiri-h. It il.i- I'ut -iiin to li.ivi- ilnl'i r. .1 (•--.■ii!ia!lv fr. .111 jir. .u-liini; I tip.. 11 it-- lir-:'w 1 lr\. !-. It I- ;i ni ,.li- uf i-|n-..-h CUM I'll. I h> iiitiT:!^. iii'r, .an. I .id- iIrr--l1IU It-i 'f I.l hit. 11:^. 'U-. ; l.':t -till iii.iir th.iii ti. the iiiin.l w.i- it- .appr.al to iiiir run-eiriue. v hirh it -. iielu .1 ,iiiil cun- >i,!,,! ... p..vMrliiIK tli.it ('....1 Iliiii-.Il was frit t.. he In Ir.p.il It. It- ti -'ilt iir ,it liM-t 'it- .ami u,i- till eutu i-i-i' 111 uf niih. hrvei s anil the eiliti.-.iti'Hi .>f the ehr.r. h a--i iiihli-il. \ i i v ilitYi rt I t u.i- tile -peakiiic with t. iiLui.- Till- ehapter put- it beyond all pu— ihle duiiht that this speech had HOth- Ch. XIV] I COHINTIIIAXS. 97 j() \\n\\ i> it tlu'Tl. liri'lhrm - ulini \r ctmic inKi'lui'. <\<''y c.iu Ml h.itli .1 jiNultn, liatli ;i lii'i'lniir, li:ilh :i t.'ii,«iu, fi.itli a ri'\i l.ili"ii. Ii.illi .111 mil l |>ri l.itii '11 .ri all tliniL;- In- 'Ill ■mil' nlilvmL;. _7 It ;iiiy ni.m -pi ,ik in .m h. :> u tiin(,m\ /./ It I',- liy tv..-. ■■r at tin ir. • • V liiTii . .mil that liv ci>itr»i'; ami let one ml' r|'i. ■ .'.S 1; :• ii ih. n- lii 11" mirr]'!' !• r, Ii r 'nil K' r;i -■liii' i- m llu- ilmti!i. .iii'l I<1 liiiii -1" ik I" l;im^< It. .iinl '■ ' ( I' "I _•' ) 1 . ! 'Ik- jii . .]i!ii'!n -1" ,ik • .r tliri 1-, \ ■ ■■■! •'k:. illy wlialtvrr in ilu witli J.irii^n kmmi.iv:' '- It i- ii'Hi/'diic/ ti' f.'riii'ii >iimll (\\. In. II) 111 Its IMllIltlllmlluhly tn tll'i-l- wll'l h.iM 11" mi.iii> "I ml:.m1 iii-i nmii-iit it u.i- i!"i->. I'M. I"!' til. I'll mm. til 'I. -i n-i K--. .mil ili' -r uli" -p"kr ii \\"ii|i| ~' I ill I" .111 "iM-i'liT I" lif 111 li.r. 11'l; likr m.iiluun. Wli.tt .1 I'liri'iiis liL:lit the |ia--.i'_;i llir.iu- upon .iiuinit lliii-ti.in \M'r-,iiji' II;.- prnimiu iii'i- -.^U'li I" ilu' (li-i ii--i"n "I imi'^'ii ' -'i"«- tli.it till- p!u - ii"miii"n u.is l.\ 11" iiu .Ills mtr< c|iii-nt ; ami It w.i-- .1 -iimiil.ir I'lia uK iii c that s,> ^aiiL' ;i tlimki-r a^ I'.mi apln.U'il I" ilircit tlu' I'Miliiraiit i-m"ti"ii ami attiuty "I tin.- church into iiinr'.- jirolitalilf iliaiiiR'U. iHiii lt.'iis fur Ilu- ( ')/(.'ii(-f i- Thr pcm r:il prmciplr h.i- ah ' .niy In-i-ii 'tl^'Ji-sti-il tii.it ,-.,",7i. ,;/.', 'H is Ill' tlu' on ti ll' 11 .1 tlu- \ iliu- "I spirit','. I'l ).;itts, .iml tk. -■•liti im (111! "I tlu-ir i-M-ia-isc m tin- i-lmi\ li .i--<:nli!\ I In- prnu-ipU- is now apiilu il iiion partu'ul.irl> . ainl taki-s thi- t". -ri'i . -1 -]" i-;!!'- '11 • "I t" 1- -n 26. How does the case stand, then, brethren? i.i \ is' Every time ye as- semble 1 pri - , ikltiii iit ii.'iii u'i>\»v. ,1' 1 . in viT J! 1 i\tr> miiiil'ii" ha- a il'-tin ! i-i 'iitnl' I !"ii t" m.iki' each one has a psalm, pi ili.ip- t'r.'m thr I ikl I '--tairrrit ( intt'r|iii-ti '1 "t ."iir-r m tin < lir',s'i,,ii Sfiisi-l, iir iiist .IS pi'i .|'.ili!\ .1 liMiiii I'l'iii JiosimI iiiiiItT tlu- 111 u iiispirati 'ii rri attd by Cliristi.-inity. siuh ,is thi.-,- 111 l.ukf 1. ii. anil M-attiTfij ilirnifjlimit ki'xtlatinn I'raisf "with ti'n).itiis " d-i mt 151 is nut luTc oiinli-niiilalt il, as tin- tnnisiii s arc nu n- liiiiifil afk-rw arils Anotlur tii.in has a teaching, instriiclinn. Inil Iianlly yi-t i/.i.s- mi;//i- toailiiiin ( \cr 'ii ; .innthcr has a rev- elation, .1 iliviiK I M'l'.itii.ii. wliith III' Will s,-t fmtii jiriiphi tuMM\ (vi-r. M; an- ntliiT has a tongue, ntVi rs pr.m r "r |ir,ii-i- i-i-statuallv . ani'tlur has interpretation i. i xii. S-ii(, ). ami sn ,(/i/y tin. church hy explaining these >transt' iiitcr- .iiu'i"i I lir rniph.iMr ri |i. till, n "t tin- • \ »i si'.j 1.'. ; \ I ! \ r ! ;i - 1 r.i' I - till 11 n li \ |. Im,iI-|> III till . .. ■/ 11:1:: li.i- -"Mil ihiiii; ti> , . '1111 iliiiii . .mil liii .[--.iiil'li'l ilmuh li.is .il lu r ill p"-. 11 .1 '.^ri .ii \.i;i''> "t spiritual uill- I 111- ipii -ti"ii ii.'Ii:! > .i!'-' k'.w I .11 1- \ ■ ■ 111- nil;! ' '1. .iii'l '11 u il l' ;-" ' ' I i-, ,1: - ,M 1 1- Llmiim.ii'!!;^ Let all things b." carried on with a view to editication. I In- j'l iu ipli .iit'-nl- t!:r pf.ii IiimI si.!iiii"ii ' i ,'il iIu pi..|'!i m- ill it iii.iy ,iiisi 1; «i!l ili-iulr, li'f i-\.tmpK', J ill, It .111 iiller.iiu-i' vMili liiuciu-s, tnr «liu-h i tluri- is till iiitcrpf'i t. will til- rriirfs-i'il ; 11 will iK'uli- li"\\ iii.iny Jiriipluts slmiilil lie iillinM iI 111 spi .ik ,it iim- s, TMi i' : It «ill iiiipi'si- sil, ii'T tip.iii .1 s|„ akt r. «lu n a lu'w riM-litu ill li.is lii-iii iii.kU- tu Miiiif iillter I iiu nilii r I 27-29- I 111- |irun-ipli- nl I'llitir.il ii "■ is ap- pluil 111 ill t.iil l-'irst. Il' 1 • ■ ' '111 r, lull 111 imiiii ijiatc iiitrri ■! •' t 1-1.1,- ih'.ii:-. •- ii -t.itu- nttiT.i!u:i- ; in the case of \ speaking with tongues, let it be to the I number of two, or at most three - at jiiiir iiuttiiu;. lit iiiitr-i- - and by turn, j ii"t .all .It "111- tmii . .1- ui- r I. ri .i-niiahly int'i r ti'iiii till- mrm. I'.'ii 'kr t "i iiithi.ins li.ul "i-,asi. .11,1!! \ , It 11. t ; ! -, i| 11 II' !y. iloiif; .iiii'tli. r i;'Miip-i mi.' ilu I'lmnitii'ins 11,1- tiii.- ' 1 |!;i ;i- U"i -hip. .Hul tl ' lu-i-il fur 1' •.:u]'^ It And, .1- ii.li ipii l.i'ii'ii is in- .; ■ - ■-- t .r I .ittii- 1'; 11. let one. l-nt nut 1 ! I ■ , interpret: should there be no interpreter, however, iitlur 111 the pi rs"ii (ii iIk- spi t !i"; Ii iwr. st or I'l' .iii_\ utlu r. let him w; ' -pi .iks with i"ii^".i s keep silence 1 pn s , in ithe) church ( ! (■. tlu- .1- . !!ilil>. II'. t thr liiiild- , inv; 1, and, as lu- (■.iiiiu't -pr.ik iilifymitly |/'i III, 'I ivi-r. .•). let him speak to him- ; self and to God. 1 hat u'll (iractically iiU'.in lit Ih'mr or in f'r}: .ilr . for ^a^«^l» Irmilil liarilly lie iisiij nt in.imlililf spi-t-ch itii liiiiist It in the piihlie as-rm!il> I lu re is nil ri al iilare fur iininti llii;ihlc sp,.i eli in the eliureli In the case of prophets who, I III spit, ,if tiu ir. in. i.;; ,-;;.,; kj:!"- ri pri - ! s(-|i|(-(I in the ilmiih iwr j'li ili\ii|i- ilio uiti-ri-st. tilt "ilitliuiit tills (Iisi-ussimi. with thr ..■ t.itii- speaker-, let two or three I speak 111 tin- euiirsf of a siTviee. and let the others, who huvf the Kitt ot Uis- 1 COUlNTillANS. [Ch. XIV JO If any thing Ik- r<'veali-. of tho prophffs -111 in t t.i ilic pruphrts. .\.\ \ "T (iiiij is nut ///,• 1,1 fiiMoii, lull of pcaof, as ill all iliunlu the saints. are .14 I.i't yiiiir wnnun ki'ip siliiui- in tho (■liuri-lii>; liir it not luriiiittnl unio tluiii to speak; hut tluy ,ir,' , ,'(iiiji,uii/, i/ tu bo uikUt olKMlioncc. as aNu >aitli the I.ivv. .55 And if tln-y will learn any thiiiK. thrill ask flii'ir husbands at hom«' : fur it is a -lianir fur woman to speak in tho ohiirdi. .10 What! canio the wurd of ('„h\ out from your or camo it unto you only? if • :5 Is 1 ('riiiiinatiiiK tin- ••pjrits (ver ini discrim- inate, aiul diiide whclhtT tlif-i' pruplirlic tlttt-raiUTs really have tlii ir simrcc iii ( iud. 30-33. If, however, whilt- a itroplut is -P'.iKiiil:, a revelation be made to an- other who is sitting hy (tht- -piaktr ■-[•"I'N. 1'). |„.,|,!r Mil. let the first keep silence, luin- hi> >pfii-h in .1 rli-r m deffrciu I till' new r< \. l.i!i.in Tin-, sli',«- lliat thf iiHinii-liiiiis tin.- I. ml (l.iwn arc il.i-lu-. ii.it nurli.iiiuMl. llcu ihr i n. r <.| a III u im in tin- nil. 1\ iiiil:1iI 1.1- iinlH-.it, ,1. w,- arc nut tuM ; Imt 11 1- -lu^iiilii-.in! 'hilt !hi' r. i:is|in . .1 ill. .null lir I- i.in.iiMil |i. I.i', li.i^ Ml -M.li a i .i-r t.i -I.. p. .iiiil r. -niiu' In- -r.il It niiL:lit Ih iiil;.. ili.it it u,.-. -nnply iinp..- viMr I.. I- .111 i.iL;. r, iMrn. -1. iir..i.li.!. tlin- t.> n-pri--'- Inni M li .1! .111 h ■in. ni ■- . ■ !, < .\. , ,. - Tail!: for vou have ALL the power to prophesy, it y..ii du m. one by one — .111(1 if iliio Sl it r<'-.tr.iii;t is cxiTcistil. iviii a-siiniinir tli.it tluy all puvsc-sid tin; pr..plKtu- nift (xyr. .■.4). tlu> uuiild ihtts all 111 CMirsf uf liiiii', h.ivi' tlie uppurtinii: v — in order that in tins w.iy ALL the iiu in- r- . t •: . ,! -. li may learn, and ALL be stimulated. 11 siiili are excr- '1 .i ' :Ii. iiU'iiilurN will lie spiriiiia!lv I ::! ■ ii. r. .1 And tills si ll' rt |ircssiuii i> p, f fi.tl> p. i-silil... 1. T (thei spirits of prophets are subject to (the) prophets ill \\li..in ill. \ r. -III. ,1 pi. .pin t i- .111 in- trlii ^rnt p. 1 .!i !.<■ .iMr 1.1 111. I tint 1h .11 , I l|lItlU'<'. i.;ni' p Willi a III 1 .-. Ill I 1. .1 -lu h. i f In- I ni t!ir \u-lnil lit" lii- I'lil iiin-t |iii.iiipll .1 .' !' I .nil I'li. r iii-pir. .1 -p. ;iki r II. u Ilii --,!.^.- rill rr (i|.l;Iii p. lu III lu In .11 lir Iiip-t UIl f;e to \er ( .\. V.I thin as intrudiutiun tu ver ,^4. On the latter assumption, the repetiliun of in Ihr churchis would lie r.illier awkward ; a similar phrase occurs in xi. 10 as the end «if a paragraph, j .Mid tile inipir.iliv.il lli:i;ests the place of w. itiieli in the < liitrch. On the principle uf the eipiality of III.- -.-Nc- III Chris' lii, jSl. there is 11" i..!-..n \\!!\ w. linen -Ii.iiild nut have -pn il'Lil cml. ,\\ ilii lit s i ipi.il!y w 11. ir. tliciiiit:i le.isuii wli\ liiil he ii-ci cliMr.-Ii. Ill;' pMilicil lllll! ill.- n. \\ p..- ].niK Willi iiicii : .ill\ C..11-1.I. i,-.l. i> iln r,- any iii-li Kills a- tlicy haii -li..iili'l t.ir tlie cilili.-.iti..!i uf the wc l:.i\.- ,ilr. ,i.ly cii the ■'ilii. - iiu . 1\ , .1 I \i I Id ) in 1 1- .11 -I . ni l il il II- \\ . .iiicn. at l. .i-t in ].niK-;ple. l.\ lln- 11. v, i. li-i.in .\ r.-str.iinl Ii.h! i.. lie iiiip.i-iil njiun ili. ir 1111- wuinaiily use of tin- lil.crty which w.is their- and here (vv ,M ,;/irwc timl ili.it restraint cam. .1 -lill I'nrtl;. 1 Let the women keep silence in the churches, for they are not permitted to speak: a- the inure eitiutiunal sex. they wuiild pmli.ilily l;aw I1..11 e-peci.illy apt to "speak witii I iil: ic- ' But let them be in subjection, as the law, that is. the passage in tien. Ill 15. says also. It is nut easy tu recon- cile tins pa-s.iye with \i 5. win re w.iiiieil ilu speak and pr.'iy, clcarl\ m pulilic ; anil i.n.i 1- t. iiipi.-il Id ail'.pl ill. dr,-i-tic sufj- -'-'!. .11 ili.it \\ (.4. p; .ir. ,1 later inter- 1...I nil Ilu- 11 111. II I" l/s.V It. r \ I' \ ai ir- : a.'c. . 'lie (11 ; I I ill : 1. 'I I w i-l I. ■I I 11 I P \ . I III. ( ./ ) tli.\ -. .111 I i iiii. 11. Ill It til. \M' iii.iy snppu,,. with cii. \i. ilic pr.iyiiii; w unirii i- iiiiu illinu i\ however Iieiiii; iiiicunditi. iii.illy ih iii.iii hilt here the .-ipuspl,.'^ t,al i.pniii.ii .-..nics out. that wunieii uiik;lit tu he .illouether that Paul is here jiuiisset arjitles. t:roiip they ap- ■\ are iiul iiec \er .^(1 julllS ■- cuiiir.iilic! xi. .- il.pi-ndeiit uii c- ar. iieiiiiiiie. 111:11111. lh.it " 111 pr. iplie-vini.; ul I III.'. il) that silent;" or with Findlav, Ch. XIV] I CORINTHIANS. 99 .17 If any mail think Iniiwtlf tn In- .1 ' j<) W tun ti>ro. l>rtiliriii, invi t to iiroph- pro|ilut. iir ^inritiial, let liiiii aiknow IciIki' ; >■->. aii(| forliiil not to >i>i'ak wilh toiiKui->«. that thi' thiii«> that I writi' unto you art' i 40 \xt all things be done decently and thi- cuinniaiiihiunts of the l.uril, .58 liiit It any «nan be iKnorant, let him bi- iKilDraiit. Ill oriUr. "thiiiknii; I'i Jiiir, li-triii liiii): aiiil iiullloritii- tr. t' d»,\ tii'ii .1^ a riili; tinlit lor winnni , ' it\iiiiiii^ !■« mil arc n^il I" pin thnr <|in>liMtis ;« f Murii.Tc ihiiiktni; i>t in.iii'icl U'lnn ii', .iml no oilur nun — ihcrr. at honu-. for it is a disgrace for a woman to speak in church a~M tnl ly. rile L'oi jiilh)an-, \i\ tht- hi i tisc thev lia' i' Rivoii thiir vviikii, ari' ariiiiy a>. if, in sonic sciialjusi> thi-iti of this idea, if they eiiliTtaiiiid if, tiy an ironical <|iu's- tioii. It was from yoti, lurhaps, was it, that the word of God. tlie truth of tlic gos|icl, came forth, or was it you only to whom it reached? Yon wire not thf first to |}iilih-li il. nor an- \ r .n tlu' imly ones ti) tiij^y it. Sonii' h i, r tin-, (iiu-tic'ii t\i hi'-ivily to thr lulia\ionr of the \\"tiuii. kill til all till' iioinis of |iul)lu- wor ship that have come up for ilisciissioii. Paul's Claim of Insfiration ( ^iv. 37, ,iS). 37, 38. If any one thinks li 1 to be a propihet, or will, spiritual I ^1!!- let him take knowledge that what I am writing to you. ■ n tlii-. ~M..n of piiMi.- w . '1 -h:]. .1!!.' -pi! :• ::.,1 , '...]■ a 1!m n!-. is the commandment of the Lord Ji -m, llinisilf. IhiN i> a hold claim to make, which tinil< itN hcst iM->litica;ion in tin- vanity of the coiiitnamls. in the in^i^ti lu c upon cditicatiou a crittrioti of ilu- Kii;-, ami upon love a* the spirit in which tluy should he exercised. I'ai'l i-- ipiitc pi« pared, however, to liml his claim disputed: imt he will not discuss the point, he simply Iea\ev the ohiector to the enioynien! . f Ills iunor nice. But if anyone is ignorant of llii>, that my in^tructioiis are inspired by the l.ord llimself, let him remain in his ignorance I pre- 1 To a-, i'o««tui i iniper i there is an altt riiaove re:!dine. dyfotirat, I'.i- is '),■(/ iky (lod: cf Mat. vii, we. I-M, Ills l.iti- will lie condemn. ilion . Init the Ciller "1-1. 10, ,11. iircsiipposiiig no ellipse, i^ nil. 11.11111,(1. .ami makes a very appro- priate coiiclii>ion. ' .S'MMim.iry I'f thr / 'i.<, ui.ti.'ri ( \iv. ,V). I 39, 40. The whole di^cn^sioii i> nlmira- ! Illy snniniari/ed i wffTf , cl. w. 5S1, m die I tuo coih luiliiii; M r-e- So then, my brethren, covet prophesying, for u i> oiu i ol llic ure.ii -p'rilii.il L'lr^ 1 1 1, \m (i. \u i wlu ie (>)\iiir» I, 11,, ,1 1, and speaking 'with tongues d.« ii.,t , n,-. lui it i, in.it e,!ii>nii;. kiit do not prevent, f,'r it I i-. ;ilt< r .ill. ,1 -piri'ii.il i \, r, iM-; oiiI\. ,if ■coni-i. It all 111', 1 pT' i,T Can In- l.iim,!, uill such ,pt I ch li.ue .1 pl.ice in the church 1 m i. .>^<). But let all things, pioplusMu;;, tonmu s, .ind .ill the other everci-' ~ of \\or- -hip (ver. .fit be carried on with aecmli- ness and in order: there nni'^'. he tio im- proprnty and 110 eoiiin>iiiii, *itch as where j speakers >poke at the >.inie time, or tlie I nmnlier w.is itnliimted i \er. .7>. for the>e r, iider true t'lliti, atioit impos>ilile (\er. i I liiv ;incirnt (l>cn"ion ,if puMlc wor-!np i~ most ins! met i\ r .iiid si!i:i;i -i ; \ c 1 lu re was .'i splint. iiuily ak"i!l llir ,.irl> I lii'-ii.in str\ice which li.uillv m.itks ilu- u,.rs':ip of to ij.iy — ;iii il.iilli !i, .11 ,1 trcline nusi'alile I to nu n to w !i, 1111 ( lit i-l i.iinl \ 111. • m - I t' i'e,'l i'..il anil --pi, I'll. il ri\ • 'Ini 1. Hi In tins ieMi'urani c iiii 1:1. when It u.is line, 111 I t!',|li ,1, I'.r:: . lu ;i 11:, |,, the tMU' i-pai! ' i \\''i-: ip: .acl k, iii-i-|s iip,,n the |siipi,iiu' p, , d ot • 1; :', , , 1 . ,11, ,-. imnd. Ill pull lie wa-l'ip. .^p rrn.il iii .or is not enoiiuli --ik.i' .ir "c- i|i,i\ cr,.i'e the iiiipi , s~i, ,!i tli.at till- chnr. li :> a lm; lu r,nt; ot ni.idineii' i'l.iyi r. pr.ii-,-, pn'aclnni;. nnisi !„■ eii'..:ai;, d in "with the imderstandmK also" 1 li> re imist be sccmhutss and niilrr, e\ery p.art 111 its proper pl.ice, exery spe.iker possissid of the spirit, yet also ni.ist.r of his iuMi spirit, the whole service perv.ided by the kr. iilty .mil senility of (imi Himself t\er. .5 (1. And all this w ill lu' s, , Mred. if it be r, iiii inkererl th.it the true end of the cbitrcb- .assciiikly is ,-il:ti, ,i!i,'it. 'I his is a i;ri it and trnitln! and I'm;! r.-pi-aiid!> in-.i-.!< n|ion it I lie 1 kiin li tii, I 's / . / ,• l i,,.; ii/>, .and .ill the <-\erc!sc-s are n-, tnl. i,nly in proportion as tlu > ,-, ml rikiit,- t,i that 'Ike 111", km ilnnch s.r\i,-r i~ nndoiikt- jedly inferior to the ancient in atTurding lUO 1 ( UKlNTIIlANS. ICii. XIV h sciilH- fur ilii v.iriims ^\its ami i°:i|iai'i- tii-^ III Its ini iiiiii r.'i, I (tuilitliss iln rc arc iilliiT •.|ilurt-. wlii-rc iim-t ol iIum' tttit* may lif i xt rii-.icl, yit it i- t>> llic !">>» uf the cluinh lliat Rrcit (i|iii- is tn.ulf Ml little of. !ti tim l (jiMiiitly re- in. irks, " I 111- piiMk- ,1 I wa> at that liiiu- iiiorv Irmiltii il) iii in i. > prrMtit (lay, whi-riiii I'lic iiulu I'lu.il. ivIi.i'iMT may he the st.iii' 1(1 hiv ui iul. iMii-i ii.l up the tune Willi a 'eriiiMii ' In il.iy. every man came ]ire|iared willl u euiiinbutioii, psalm. teaehitiK. revelattuti, or Mhativer It tnight tic (ver. Hi); and, thuiiKli tlii:< very ctr eiiiii'-tititce led to conlti^ion. ati.liip, the -i,ii< hne^^ whuli m>\- enis our wur-hip, euiiihiiied willi other rea li.ul tile liKlireit. iIiuiikIi |ielliap> I liul illeMt.ilile ( I'tn't. nl -iippl. -.vinv; i;i|i- the Illu^t iliMi-i ktniU. «hi
  • \f have received, and whm-in yi' staiiil I MoHUAKR. liri ihrcn, I tltrlare untn ! ' ity which aNo >c are ■*avec kfi-p yoit the Kt>^t**°l whiih I iireachoil iintn >i»ii, m iiu iii-Ty what I priarlu-ii untn ymi. tin 1 los ye have iK-lieved lu vain I'hf (liM'iio^iMii ..| i< >iirri i tinii i» 111 'rr «|iK-lriiial than ;im> i.llnr 111 tin ijn^tlr. yl the iitltrf.1 111 it i- tini liunreliiMl. Imt in Irnsi'ly (irai tuMl, anil I hi- i|i'>i'ii'».|iiti j. ,],-. .siiiiii'il !•> iiurl a ~|mitif Mtiiatii'ii in the ('finnlliiaii limreli. Soiiif li.iil ili'iiitd tin- n-iri t( i lb in ( MT i-i, wlihh In I'.iiil w.is "I < .i| ilir must 11!. il . Iciiu nl^ I'l l lirisliaii lu lu I It tills iM ri l.ikrii i\. till ti- v\,is IlntlllllL: !< II I.. I ill. t I'Mt ^"ir.'U i'l llil^ 111. . nill , 1. < ll.i i| l.v I1..IPV (nr llu- 1 ti t.. ..■Ill, I MI i.,i Ihr ilenial ili.l -II 111 till 1111. I. -t- .It .1 s|iii- itltal Mrw i.i tin- u.-rlil; uli.il tlu> iliimil Was liruli.ilijy ti..t tlii- r. ml iiiii.iiin ni |ii 1 M'tiality. lull llii- risiiin aK.nii .•/ Ihr /■ i/v fflitll till ill-. 1(1 — llliy WlTt' atltllll.llrri.llisls. Km i'aill tri'ls that in this ilclilal nf tllf reMirnilimi, rvir\!hiiii; i- at -takt — tile Iriitli lit till- uii-p, !. till' liiiiiiir iif tlie u\m>-- iK h, llu- ri :ilil.> I'i ri ilriii|iliuii ; an hiin-ill with -iiiirrli i'ariifstiu->> ! euniliat till-, (laiiu. 1. 1- luri-sy with arKiiniciit'^ "f variiius kiiuK. lilt' /'..I, I A'i'.fKM .-, .', , I/; ,)! ill,- (,",i,v. />r/, iiiiii .'/(■■ Ili.ft.in,iil I ,-,i/rii,r /.'( // ( XV. I-l ! ). I, 2. I '..111 In -..11- l>\ 1. iiiiii.liiii; his r..i.li!- Ill ill. ii.itur. .it ilii- u'lsinl ulii.li In- li.iil jiii .n-liiil .iiiil till y li.i.I lirluMil. ,1- 'I I'l tllr tl'.ll.I.lllli ir.il |i:.in llrlil HI tll.il Ciis till l>\ till ri -iitii.M.'ti, Now iMssiiii; (i^M li.iiii tin- i|iii-i n 111 lit \\iir-!:i|i t.. that <)t (Ti-i-(I I pr. I'.iliK siii;i;i-sli il In I'.nil li\ the Iftti-r ul till- V 111 iiiiliiaiis, i-| \ II I. \]ii i_ xii. I. NVi. II- I rii;iil that t ha\i' to make known to you, ii^ain. brethren (for on this iiialti-r yiMi .ni'^lii 'n he |u-rf<-ctly well iiif.>rtniil>. the gospel which I preached to you. IK- hail iiroilainnd it to reeejili\i- ia|s aiul liiarts It was a Kospel, not_ utily which lu- hacl preaclmi, htit which you on your part received, ami n-i-iiM-d III S..1111 iiiir|i.isi-. it Ii.,,l inailc ihilll Ml ...Ifast, an. I -l.iiii-.l tli.iii ,,n th. «ay ol - iKatiiiti. I., mil; .1 i;.i-|iil in which moreover ye stand, through which fur- ougl ther ye arc being uvea. Ihe ku-ihI swept the whole i.-(>nipa.■( their salva- ti"ii. iliiii h.'Kitn, would he eompletely I' lii 111. I his niispil v.hieh had so mj;- 11 .ll\ iTiiMil Its pi.ui-r. I'aiil tVels the need i-l ili i lariiit: '" '111 t 1 .1 iiitlii.iiis aw.iiii. as ~|'iiii- i.i tlu ii! 1 .ul i|, lilii i.iti |> aliaiiil'iiu d IT ill iiinl iiiii- i t ;t- 111,1-1 s iLil't, n. !- I he iiiraiiinv; nl tin- r< ill. lining; ilaii-. - nt \ of. ,1 ■ I'll. Ill' '1il:1i th, 111- 111 I U.-s ••■'■ i- ••("•luh: III. lallv. with what word I preached 1 11 1 to you. if ye hold • fast, unless ye became believers i i ir ) heedlessly. .\ii> ti.ir-l.iiinii nm-t In- m.,,!,. .|ilal<- wliii'h ni.ik. . ih. 111 ■ . 1 1 , lij.ii n , ro-i 1 1 ' ofiliiiati- Willi till- I, I'll- |iii .1 ih'!;^ tila- tivi-s; hill it is tmi ili-.ir wlu ilu r ili, i-laii-o ;.■/;,;/ imui/ / /-i ,-,(,/,', ,/ t.> y-n k''^-' with / Midi- A-iiiTiH or, ,is .\. v. ami .\. I\. V. take it, or with if v.- Ii.>l,l i\ist. Ill the latter case the inversion ,,f iiu- I'laiisi-s is awkward; though, it the im.r- -i"ti I'l- al! vM-i|, the viititiritioii with the I'll \ 1,111- siiiti-tin- is i;i„i,l: ■■ tlirotii;h which >, ate hiiiiK - iM .I. It \, hold last w itli ulial word I |,i..,,lii.l |,, mh," |„ Inrtiii r case. " 1 w.tkv know n." . . . " if >e hiild ta-t " do n.it k'o well |i iiji-t lu-r : raiil's :iniioiiiici-iiH'iit of the «ospi-| ,|jd not ''i|"iiil iiiniii tin- (.'orinthiatis hnhliiin it t,i-i. .\i \ , nil, I, -s tin- ,1 ,11-1111, -til 111 -i-fins, ■ •11 llu- wli'ili, iintiraliK tn tin- oiIut: iin- •|, I" til, imiiu iu'i nt ill,- I'.iiir iiitci \ , n!!ii» n lativr ,-i.ii;-, -, ili, 1 1 il t . n iiuii ir\ -,r.,-|)i,ui 1- hall II iri;. 1!!, II ; .,n,| ih, clan-, 1- pr.,,-- Iu-.ill\ ■■ 11 p, r, liaiH-, 111- I h, ,p, ) \ , ,,| arc hnlihiiv; it 1,1-1 " I'li,- nu-.iniiiij ,,i t|..c la.st ci;iiise ( tor tlu- n-iliinilaiu y m «\roi Mt, of. xiv. 5) Is also ilis|,iit, li : i,ni,-ss yc h,-li, : i-il /r t dcliverrO titt«o >'mi fir»l i>f all 5 Ami that h«' »a< m« ii .>f <, , ilu-ii that Mhtch I uIm< rccdwil. Iuim tliut Cltri*t <>f tlu- iwcl\i': tlifil f.>r otir •in* accor Aiur ili.it. In- w.i!i «in >•( ;iIm>vv »»v* tiirc> . Iittiiilrcil tiitilircii .ii iiikc; •>( uliimi the 4 And that lu' wa^ Inirii'I. aii.l iImi he urrati'f |Mrt riiii.im imtu till* prr^rtit, Init r»M- .main tlu- tliirti «lay accoriliiiK in tlu' -"nn .lu- i.illi 11 .i>Imi Scripture*: 7 \ti.i ili.it. h. H.l^ -I'l'ii of Jatnv*; till 11 i t .ill till' ai'o'tli'. 'tanc wi'uM Ik- all aiitictpatii'ii l lu' v:iiM»'l iMiut-rftil: It ti the aili<|U.K'> i>t iluir faith ill it tliat In- ilixilit^. It i-aiiiiot itM-lf lie a vaiit ihitiK. f<>r in it they --tanil. ami tliroiiKli It they arc ^aM il 3. I'll it VlT-C. with MT 4, <\ pi, iiii-> ) till' ciintiiU" 111 tin- i;"-|n l will, h Ii.kI hrii.rf hi-tn iiiMil.iiiiuil 111 ill. Ill VoT I delivered to you .1^ among thr most impiirtant things npuro f tir-l. ■ i " ' " ' ' 'ii"«. Imt I'l iiii{Hii t.iiui' that which also I received. I In- plit i-i- i 'ir'M> r. r ilU \; .illil -lit:-.;! like II. liir il;l!> nl li.iii- iiiiMiiii; wli.i' iiillilliilti ij I liliki il, thr -■'lirii- iif llli .ItllliiiiUi ,it I. Ml 1- H"l lIH'llll'.Iu il. I lu- .ill -I Ii. 1- . ■! till Jii 1 ,i~< •/ ■!)■ ih,' I '1(1 !i,iM> .1 ii|uii 111 III v!||i|i..~i lli.it till- -t.ili iiii UN uliii'li iiilliiu I .iiiii- '.I r.iill llimiiuli iiri|itt:ir> ur.il i. niiiiltinii .I'li II Iri.iii tin- li.iilri^ lit llu- i-liiiii-|i: lull I'liii -i(UTiii(; till > iii;i!i.i>i- wliii li lie ttiiiiii ili.ili 1_\ l.i>-i ii|>iiii riiti-l'-. aiipi .iriin; tn Iniii t\< r. Si it i» I)ll^»llI!l■ til, It -iiMitliiim 111. in- iiiii III, ill- i> lu rv illlplu-il. I III ;i l.ill.nr . ,1 ~lllll !ii,ir> I 'liri-i i,-in cri-i-ij. im .ilii,iMc ,1- ti-\>.i! iiiu vxli.il. til I' li'l. I-. iii-tiiiitt il 'In- I'Nv, 1,, I- lit Ir that Christ died. II 1 u,i\ |. ;- 11: , 1 111 1! 1- ■ I III. ,(|lt ill : ■ ■1 - ' i 111. ■ : 1 1 • i.T ■ -I ;:-.| l',,-'l UlMT i> lllr tlu II- ~ t.. wliii-li, -: it i> ihi- li',n;i. -1 l'\ iv iiui- ill, it i'.iiil i- p: p. Hill liiN -t.iti nil 111 1 .1 till 1 1 -111 1 . ,- 111 .111- 1 111 -I i-ii. u »t iiim ,im! Ill- p,i.-. ~ r .I'l till- .I.'" /(■.-, aiiil 111 l:;!i- u itli nu mi- 1 for our sins. tli,,i j, i . ,t 1 ■• III i,iIm- 't 1.:;' i t till \\..r!.: n-uaii! till- iK.iil . i' ('!ii:-i rr-iill ..f tin- I,i-|. .1 ii-.il I'm liiill!aiil\ -pi is'iiv;, 11 1 (-1 iii-!!iiiiii,r n 111 111 ,. i:ri-,ii iln ullii-|l "III- u.l- ilrli\il il "p ■ ' ■ If 1 ,> t-a.'.s" (ix.itn. n. . ft" ('..r >. iS It 1 - .1 pmpi.-c iif « lm-|i .■iiu-irtii 111(11 Imi! l .iil yliinp-i - 1 cl. I I'l-t. i. Ill .iiiil u liirli till 1 1 fori wa- tiiiiiHii! according to the Scrip- tures. riRi larly i linn-li t Ai'ts xvii . to ) Il lili iVX cil liU- pf.ulm- ill Jr-lli I l.llkr \M1. ,?7. wiv. 4*1 f I m 11 iiiiiri-tniK Hi- - itTi r itiRs with Olii Ti'stanu'iit |iri'iilu-i-y I'rnli alilv N.iiah hii \v:i< tlu' p,i--ai;c wliirh hnv- tTfil iiiii-t tr ii'ii iitK 1 tnri' tln'ir miml- (if l.iiki- \\ 1 .\~ > : inil. vvhatovtT was it- oriKiiial applicatmi), iiothiiiK was nmrf nat- I iir.il than that frnitl ( hn^liaii- it shxiild n-ni\t' a Mf»»iaiiH" intcritrrt.itmn 4. I he t rifil. thcit, is th.it ( hti-t ilit-tl. and that Ht vras buried tins tntitli %* |iirli,ip> ,ii|i|i-i| til -iiv;L;r-t hmv nally. if iiiil> trmpi it.it tl> , Ml ,11111- niiili r tlio pov • - 111 till- k;l.lM . I'...:l • llu '- III- I..-I iiiiipli ml and that lie has been raised on the third day. llu i.n-r- m \,iy .III l-illv , 1. . 11 till- ill .itli ,111.1 ill. I iiri.il .11 1- 111 ^l. 11. '-J. . 1 .1. .1 1 . till I III . ' I .| 1 III I I -iiri I . ' i. Ill I ,il - I i iMv; ill. 11.1 ,'■•''> II.- 1- .1 1 .1. II I 'h. I ; 1 - 11. .1 - ,1.1 I II ,1 I I'l 1 .1 . lull ill, It 1 , ,,,(., .•- ,, / 111 |, .III t. I 1 1. .11 1- till- u. .1 k . .1 ( I. .il til \ . I I 1 . ill. iil\ 111,- - . ,1; lip. :l ll:.- . .! I, . .| 1 ■ ■ • llu-, ti.ir hk. till p.i->iiiii, |.||.^ pi. .. ac- cording to the Scriptures, llu p,i--,iui- III •.nIiuIi till- r. -Ill n-i'liiiii ..ii tli.- iliiti! il,i> W.l- tillllMij III ll.lM lucll pl.ilMlil. .ippr.lis 111 ll. 1 II i|ii-i,i \i " \i'.r t\v.> il.u- will ill- r. \ 1 1- n- . "11 ll ■ iliii.i >i.u III- w ill r.ii -1 11- lip " III I ll I -I 1. 1! 1- /.I'./,-,' wll" .-\pii' I.. I'l I i'-..| 11)1 .111 till- llrf.l .l,i\ I 111 p.i- ..i.ji li.i- i-.'ll'iii'.. t,, il.i v,i'li tl'i M. ■■lib It I- lint 1 p'lili.- 11 111 111- r. -Hill . Ml. 11. Ii-vt llii pi .'pi. . . v;.', . Mil I'l 1 ,. p.- ill 'll. II ll 1. 'ii.il 1 . -."i •..'■' .11 I'.i'i. ■ k' . . 111,1 lu . .1 ll. I p.i ■ .1 ,:- - ui tl'i < IM I . ' 11 1. r', i' I '111. pi II i\ .- .1 M. • Mi-1. -11 I •;'l. • ,.:"11 1 I iM'.-k .'t \, 1 - /■ ;,, ; , - M l' « :i 1". I'l -'IT 1 . . •• • I I ' J '. I-, 1. J I II. . \ I ,11 - I'.' - 1.. ( I I i.i "pli.i-> . lii. 'i;;'! til. I ,ik,\ . ■'l-'l!ii.| l \ -ttlrl . Ni-U' -l-. -'114^' -I .1 till.- .-. .ti.-.-p' I. '11 .,| !i'-'..i\. .1.-, . It -' t.. wlr.li ,1 i|i\ -ill p'Tli. ' -. , n p.ir' I ' - ' .: I' 'I I'l ,111. 1 in'iipii'. .! I1-, 111. II I'l pt.'pli. '1.- ill 'ru t. ■,\,i- l>. nil,; wmk il nitt llit.iM^!i..-it t'-i ,1-^1--. .in.! f- •••!!•! it- I- •H.'!!!t!!M!f>!l iit » hri-' 5-7. I ; ' li-:■^ ' I. ulii,-li r.i-il !- !.. rr ir-i-"iiL: .1- \i;.;l i" ihi l;..-i.i-I, ..ml .iliii-.-l -> 11. .ii> nil 111- Willi ll. 1- lli.it .i| tli,- r.'-nr tr.-ii.iii: Ik- iii.-i ct'i in- pi.i. . ri!- t.i . -'iil.li-h II ill >i.!l.| .ll! ll.llli.l lis .tii.lui Mil; lil-|..IU,li iT 1"./. •>!, ,- |..r il. .\s till- r\ iili-lh .-. .111.1 Ili.t til. f.irt al.'iu'. i- p.irt ..t tin- trii-t lu- rmn- iin'ti'ij t.. till' ("..rintliiiiTi-. li.- pr- I-. ./m/ /,■/; ,•'! i'" ^^■l ..'I'l:-.-- :,r- I'itllt 1 ''-.:•■'< a'., -...'!■• \ir'. I"' ■ - pi'- -■' Hi - 111 the cinir. ll, likf I'lti r an. I J.uiu -, ami I COHIXTmAXS. [Cll. \V S Aiicl I.i^l I'l .ill In- w.iv ~c,ii 111 nil- III-'', .1^ iilM l.'TII I'll! Ill illh- nilU . n r'.'l I ill, li.iM ..| ihr lli.il .-1111 III •• inn • t' I It i| .111 .1]" '-I !i , 111 r i I |M I -' i-iil. .| I (-Inn , h , .| I ,r n I • '< I ■■ ' . • ' !■ '.^I ar, . .| ( ,. 1,1 I .nil u li.ll 1 .iin : ,111. 1 111- 'jr.u'i- ulnrli wi.y ii|Miii iiir \\,i- n..! ni \ mi: Imi I I.iIu'imci; niiiir .iliiniii.iiuly iliaii tlu\ all; yi.1 ii"! I, I'lil '!.' i;i,M'r o| <,iMl uinrli \\,i- Wili; ik' II 1 1. f.ir. \^:.i Mi. I- ;/ ., , 1 ..I- ill. \, ' \s .■ |i| .',1. 1;. .iii.i ~. 1 \ c 1 11 ln \ . .1. uli". ivi.l.ii.i' 1^ ,i''.\r .ill -ii-.|iu-ioii ii-f, Iri.m tin- n..-|irl-.: iln .i|.|i. .ii iia-. 1'. 'rr ' '■■Ml. a'., w ■ • , aiTi I- III. '!!i. .11. il i|:;i!i- in. ;.K nt.iil.'. , an. I lliat ■ ■ 1,1 t ■ liuiiilr.il. I. . j.m,. ^ n- I ,,i ,ill. 1 lie .ui |>IH'1> tell iliiu-!i. And that he appeared to Cephas il.nkr tint iii m li i- 1. ii nni. l.l. ^^1' ■ ' :.!.,■ r. irr 8. And last of all, l.i-i in tir.u- an.! Ill I', I ■ .]'■ ih- 1,1 iji. then to the !.iM .h-'ii:\ ii. i- In- •!i, ., !.,' ..i ili, twelve .1 ~. :i.l. ..1 '-!;.- th.y « . i r i|-. -■!,,, mi, .,i. as to the one untimely u'<\\ .,ili.,l li nk., \\u .i'.i iluir u.r. 'born, Me appeared to ME ALSO .in; i ..nl\ !in, liiiLi- rmil lli..ina- In ; n |iii,itu-, .il i ii.i i W lu ii I'.iiil m-i-l- ii| ..!i al'-riil III,- I- ili> ~ri!ii . liK-i.iI il, - •!!. irnlh ..| ilu ■ ;rri 1 1 1. m. In- kii..\\- iv;iiali..ii i.f llir yrmip, Ihr r.]..,i:iil ii-r \\liii,.t lir -(..-.ik-.. t. •!• llu- ii-.ii Clii'-I i.t nr.! i.r tirnTii v]:,,u- tli.il ill. iir.liT i> ,n iii,i;ly s, , u i j) i |iy iiiiu on llu- <-liii.iiiili.v;ii-al, Ik.'imli Ou- I'l ilk nviii.i; --i-ii- j i \ i T-iiiriii. .rakU- il,i\ m( 1ii~ inunu-y !■> li iuT^ (\\. (1. ;. .ir a-- imlrin nilriit |),ima-. ii> II. calN liini^clt tin- al'.-itimi !-tatriii(-iil-. and an imt. Iiko vv. tor- | i ///.- .ili. .r! i. mi jit-rliaiw »ni;j;i-sts that tin-, iiially iiin ■ m1iu-i (I h.\ .'/i,j/, llu y arc 111. ilimlii U.1-. ;i iiit-kiiaiiu- ) pii->silily nn ;icci)iiill of p.iit iif I'.inl'- ■■ .■..iiinn--i..n " tu thi ('..riii 1 ih - ^lranm-iu--> aiu! --iMiiU-tnu->^ nt hi> llitaii^. a» In- I- iiiakiiit; the oa^t- t'..r llu- ( ■|iri^ti.in Iiinli. "What ;in aliiirti..ii i» 1 . --in I . i linii a~ -iriiii!,; as pusviMi-, Then , .nil. ills' i-liili|it ii, ihal am I aiiliiiii; tin- He appeared to above five hundred ' .mI, " i l!, ii>;i 1 1, In In- .■),• .iiiil all tli.i. ,..'!!'•-.■' 1.. mv. ,vi ,i| llu- n-iii L'liri-' u,i- ,i- n al a- llini- iliiiii ai li!-i Illii.!, though some have Ml.- ,,n.! t':. v ..lik.- !i,i.l c'hri-i. ami fallen asleep i l hi ;-;i.iii i ni.k. nn-m II -r ; lliii . !' 1. v\ . ; , li.iiin.l I'l li.M- in 111- I'.'..'', .1 M .i-r;-!, lit, •,-// ,■>,'.-.;• 1. >,f , , r. iiu r. '\ ::; l!i- .iit : i; . I !-■ ■n-i -i 'il K li;. -r .N'.l.iu'i' .-, 11111. it 111- ,1.1 : . \ . ihii.il. Ml. ,1- I'.iiii;.! iiii. ly -.!>-, "Il u.i- g-ii. For as for me .i-,u' c ■,■< . 11"! Ill 11 -- mill. .r'. 111. -r 1.. Iiiini; t..r«.iril ' '--i-.-i .-.l'..; . . ■ I ,,;]•. llu-.' a> .Mini--.- I \ li.ul 'l-..! Ill tin- I am the least of the apostle^. indeed I 111 h. 1 ■ I 111 > /,•,,' ■,■.',),- 1)1 c/ii-i7 am not tit to be called apostle, because 1.1 \ii i,Ni Then, ..ii ,in . ii i-inii ii..| I persecuted the church of God: k. I.' ■■•k'l 11! "-n- (...-pil-. he appeared to i -hn.l.iri- ,i- lu- iki^'s- ■ - w luu-. ,iii James, tin- l.r..l!ur ..| ilu- l...r.| i < lal. i. i ii. nl lu- li,iil l.iiii ■ I ii.-l ami III- ilii;r.-ii. ui.iiliy lit -|ii > ia! niinli--ii hi rr .i- iki- ' Ri iiii .i -r tor ll i- nii-uniili-il /< al ..t tlm-i- li.iiltr i.i ill. I. Ill-,, km ih'n.h; then il.i>- i-mt iLmnUil and liniink.iU il iiun ; all the apostles, llu- |ii-. .|n:u; m. ^ l.u! i' i- liiii|Hiril by till- ihiMiulit ..t llu- iit "llu twil',. " iii.iki - i: |«.--il,lr !k,ii inliiiiti ■/ Ci'd. wliirli ka.l clu rknl .//-.Mf - .v iini-t k.i. II. I lk. II in a u uIi r Iniii. -.nnl Inin. ami IioiutmI hnn hy .i ^iii-i ill! iih.in'ii.; iiii\ I... k..\i\ii-. ' Imi pl.ii-r . .f i-on-iiu-ii. in- /.i.'7 i »\t)iria]■■■ r. 111,11 k.ili',. ik,'. ,.i ,.,:';||...l ni.' ri i ' 'i ; ; i, 1 . ■ n i..:l I'nil rr- tlu' i\ukiu-i .i.kliunl, -.. link- 1- kliouii -pmul- lo tlu- K'iICi- "t (iml k> .1 Ilic of ( ,,. XVI I ( (HJlNTillANS. 1(1.-) !_• N'mw It t'lin-t lif ' '.^ ^ < .1, .iii'l «i .Iff liiiniit f.iKi uit- rii'f lr"iii till- ili-ail. h'<\\ -'iiii- .iniiMc.; lit ..i (■...!, u i' • -■■!:■,.! •i.i! tilt rr 1^ iM n-nnttiN'U tl. ■ ft ili.it lit r.ii-ti| up t'liri-,! \\ii'' 'li'.i'l tlif ilt i'l. tlitii i- t/liri-.! n..t ri>tn: j l'> l'..r it liif ilf.nl ri-t iii't, tluii iMt 14 Am! It l lin-i In- 11. .1 ri-iii, tlu'ii i< t lin-t liimiI i.nr iircacliitm \aiti. ami .v.'iir laitli is aKt> I 17 ^"'1 'I ' !:ri-t In ni.t r.ii-!'^irli. ,ir,; iliati it In !ia.| ui"|. ii. I.i't . iii.'v ■/ .''';.;» I lilt litf .'t Ia!"'r|"ll it pii-.ulif.l iImi 1, 11-. -li" ail. I pt iM .-.111. .11 ul.uli h\- .ip. -lit -hip in ; I he ih. iiic )iri at hiiii; 1^ 11.. I ,1 tMilii, \..Kfti h.i- .ilrt.t.l> l.t.n -■iljl;-, -t. .1 h\ i\ . ! hii! a / v. 11 . • Iin ~t . t 11 h, r . . ft.'./ < ' J,?. I i'liul .ihiii.-l -.till-- '.. iiur.' l!u- wh.ii Aijfir .titoi.h. ii.,till. .,t i,t,ii-- i..iiip.ir:-..ii int.. uhifli hf li.i- hi < 11 h-l !.\ I'.iv.l llu -t- t«i. a-pf.t- .iit m!,iI1\ *i)|i rt lUi.'!iii..; iilii.ii wliit thf .^ra.f ..l ; of Christ iiimiIm-.- iIic pifat-lniii; M-lt: yet not I. but the grace of God I't lif^ risnrrictiuii, how is it that among accompanying me. // railu r than he. it you some maintain that there is no -luli tlinuiKli ami \v.:;i hiin. h.nl maiiitaiiieil were jr. ■»(.■. per- iiilo a ili..eii^siiiti irrtlev.mt to liis main iiaps tiot many; Init aiiaiii-l vMeli a ihaille '.heme, iheref. '1 e he atirnptly conehitlt s : It IniiNy a hea\\ hlou -!:■•. k a' ni.itier.- Mi.t then, whether ! or they, ul nf.-. The re-nrreeti. >ii 1 I'l. I.. .!\ w "-LI li.iil the \iMi.ii am! ilnl the v^.tK. this iSi..!!'. > ,1 p - ilLir -liiniMnii; li .« U i-> •' .■ how we preach, and this is how ye i hen i plaL • ; '; . .!!> mimleil • .1 . . k - It I \. '- believed: !his the st.itemeiit h.' h.i.l emn- \\i; i."-^. .>.-'. -..im "i u!i..m \\!,;|. 1. in;", .1 rlu-m ahiint the i|i ath ;im! espe lii\;nL; 111 ;nt itmii. •: l.ili! \ ul llie -..'l. i. ijirili.l tilt I .l\ l.'t .1- t!if p!i-..r. ..: iiif -..111. iii-'lli.T t.ip.iM.- n..r «.al!;\ .-t Ih.l.l iiii; p!.u .■ 11! ill.' u.t'.I ht \..ii.| ilf.ilh A -piip i.il ' ..'y to 'hrm .1 nu .niiiiyless plii.i-. 1.1 \.r 551. I I;. \ ni,i> .li-.. h.or !'. . tl t 111-. .i!r:i_'..l 111 tliiir ..pii''..ii- !.\ I'.tiil pi f.u'iiin.L; ..t .1 niv-tit.il i|. .itli .lihI i. -!;r r..!i..ii Ullli (hi:-! App.irtiill\ tlnv .hi| 11. a .lin> tilt n -111 n ition ..ft Ilrii-. It ■ I ',,;;! ,iri.;.'i i. tit ;i- •;)!ii. - l' ...t ■ \ ... p' It I nl tlie> in.i\ It •j.inlf.l .1- ..I'liip;. I'anl at oiu-e ^hi.u> lluin tli.it '■■ .1, . . pi the line .ami ilenv the ..tlu r is ll.-JU-.il, 13-17. Now if there is no mu-Ii ihint; a resurrection of dead m. n. tin 11 neither is Christ risen: it tlure e.m I..- n.> ri-eii nun. t!'.!.- t .11 he n.. ri-eii ('hn-t. tor .(iie-iimi «ii.. 11 Ill 1.1.11- ii..i,-i >, 1 1 hri-t t. .!..!!-■. hnmaniiv And if Christ he -tartiil th. ihM-ii"i.in) if Christ is ; is not risen, then our preaching is uii. i U preached that He is risen from < the 1 empty I'.fr. ". . 'ii]i!i,i!i. ' . t. • iln n-t n dead: thi- ivaii-'.nii.n pr.Mrve- the tlavi.r Clin-t i^ ih.> lure ..t it. empty too, is our ,,f .!.,. s.-i.-r^ \>!;---M t'"!^! m .f l''^ V -!<»•> fsith. IhiTe ! 1.. !•.;! •■!!. 1 1 v.'.;!ii 1,1 in ''iV'i'P''''" I -> e ver. 4 ; -'anff m mtr in. -^.il;. . .ip.l ,1 l i;'it 1. -lin^; the'fl'ore imt " /iiiv ri^t-n"), .iml also ot Mp'.'i .-iieh .a mi-^^.n;. inM-t ! pi.ilU liol the f-,-1 \-. I t. i;-f Til! Ut r. .i.-li \iT .i). lou hiv. i;. 1! ne 1 . pt. 1. 1;. .iinl tli.n- till- (iti.i, \\..r.l ■- iiMpK .1..:./ in iinamnioiis. TItt- Ci'its,-iiui'ii, i-s •'! ".■i/yiii,,,' the Ni'surrn - t- I \ \ I J Pi I 12. In (he puftiliii..^ p.natiTaph. I'anl li.i- I -l.thli-h. .1 ill'- r. -iii let tiiiii ..| ( hi ;^t .1- a '.1. .'. liy t \;.|. in-f .iiiip'f, i!-r. |.r. .at-lMlT'. an. I irr. ir.t.i' ]■: In -pi'f "I . h->\\' m i. lilt re ,ire -..nie a! r..riiilh wh.. .h ii;.. in ^;eiur.il, the p. .- -i! .li i! > ..| re-i;;rt ft 1. .n I'anl uith .ure.it eariH-tl!e>> proeeeiK to -li..\\ li..u utterly .' -.i-tron- t.i C'hri-liati t.nlh ami h..iie -itt'h .a iletiial wi.'ilil he Now m.iik- the tran-itioii lo the ri-.i! I COKINTHIAXS. [Cii. XV iS I lu ll tlu v .iKii wliicli ;iro fallcti | ji Fur since by man camt' licatli, by a-l( r;i in ( lin-! ar. |u ri-lu(l I man , i;wi' al-^o tin- ro■{ all ni. n ni.-i nn-. laMr, j j.> l-'..r a- ni Ad.nn all ■lu', oven so in -i> I'.nt i> ( Im-t riM ii iniiii thf U'lirist >liall all 1 c made alive, dead, tiiiil Ik-coiiic the firsttrmts of them llial ^Ii-iil. IM" T . iri'uni~ran!;,d i vidc 'in- f..r n;ir a-»er- ii ' i i\\ ■ N). are further discovered to be lying witnesses for God, in that we wronged God by witnessing that He raised Christ, whereas He did not raise Him, if so be then that dead mm are not raised, l.itrraliy. "in iliat ur li-titu-d ii;iii!st ii.iiliir lli.m . 'i,, ,'i m//:,' i lii.cl," Ill n.'.i'il ll:ni 111 Ii^lilvint;. || iln n-nr rriimn is iici iipr, tin- ai^i^lK-. uli.^ li^ tily to it, air liar-, ,inil th,,t, i.i... in llie bin'' 'St rt l;ili'in-lii|) i niu i i\ aMe -- iIk ir re- lat .sln|) III (i.iij All iiii|ii is>ili|e sii|ip()>i- ti< snrel> I llrre the tliiiii)jlit is \ery explicit, wliidi eMryuhire is impliid: C'liri>t dues nut rise. He is raisecl ; Cmd raises Him. Tile tlmiiulu nf ver. l,\ is re|ii ate.. :i- . 1 'i.i - -I:;! , 1 ! i . .1 1 Ye are yet \\;::in :i . i. i ir ..f your sins. Ii' -m \\'!''l .v:l Ii,.d ^'I'l.. '-M-.l y\] w.Ti- ill-tlfuil h\ I 1 ' PI I 1 rl I. 'II . .1 ( lll l-t I l\. nil 1\ . J5 I . 1' ..Ill lie nil redetuiittiin with a tle;id I . . 1 '11. r iS, K). .'■in il uilli tile li\iir.:. Tlie .1 llir di .111 liiii-'i.iil i- i-.|n:i:ly ji iih. Ii.-, Then also those who were laid to sleep I i f. ■,<(■. (ii in c. .iniiiiiiii. .ii «iiii ,i |Mi-e int.. ill, It miv( ry m li.i.lc- wliuli, ill llie pi. I. .11. d l.itimi.iui lit I. like \\i. i- liii' i.| lli..ve will, die ■■ \ . ! Ill tbtir ■■ill-" I lii- i- |M i!i.i|i^ tu .i\.:i.!.-- ilii wiTiK the n 11 1. luT ma\ -iiniilv r.i .111- mliil.iti. 11 1 .1 1 1 '.1 If I h. 11 in this I'fe we have had only hope in Christ II. 1 I.-,!! 1. .'. v.'-r-..,, h ,, .:,,,! r. ti">' •■• '•• • .•!•• ! li.i 11 we are more to be pitied than all men, i.'.r mir ' .1. !~ .11. (1,1-. Il " 1..1I, estriiiie pi n .1' 1. 1!. .I'.l ImM, r p, r-i 1 11! 1" .11 t u 1) til '\'r.: ::!mi; ::; .■ in;- Iv f r, an r,,:il. uli 'iii \M -li..iiM r.ilhi r Ii,i\r i \pe.tid t.i .i.lii'i! i!',it .1 III. In . . I 111 the -pivii III 1 lii'-l W .I-, iiii.li I .iii\ rin-nm-t.iiii i -. |.!. t- ei.iM. 1.1 , M r\ ..ilu r I'erli.ip-. .1! I.. .11, .111. in -pile ci| III- l.irmal di-i l.imu r, lli.il w.is his real ii|)iiiiiiii : this utterance but cm- I'Lilu - hi- p,i--i. .11.11, e. iiu i.-i i. .11 iI:,,' tlie I' pe he h:i- ell, 1 ■ .! in I hi i -1 111 '!;. - hie mii-l h. i:i-titied and tnllilKd 111 the 1" e.'iiu I hat can uiily he, it Christ 1- ri-eii ; hilt ut tins lie 1- sure ( ver. jo). yVir r\ir-r,;!. !iiity .S , i- /i. ./i., ,■ , • (. 'hrist's A', > (I ' , i 'II I \ \ jii j.s; I 20-22. I l.r JiIiM .il- p.ir,IL;r.ipll h.nl ii.il- lempl.ilid the lerrihle e. .ii-i .puiu, - |..r Im- maiiity, it the n -nriaei 1. .11 ni ( hri-i u.i,' nnt a fact. But it ts ,1 f.u t : as it is. Christ is risen ilit. /;ij//i lu-iu r,ii.u'il 1 from (the) dead, ,iiid fnun that fact the inu-t uinnien- Itims CDn-eiiiieiices ttuw. lie i- the I'oiitider iiif a new humamty. and His experience nf resurrectiim will and mn-t he sli.ired liy all who are miited with llim. llns I tlintiiillt is ex|iri --eil imd. r ih,- iiii,ii;t r\ nf .1 h.ir\r-!. ( hri-t 1- the first fruits of them that have fallen asleep n..' n, , i i --.inl\ .ill nun. I nl tlie t hri-lMii ilr.i.l. I ar, i n. li iil: t.i the iinliii.iry n-.ii.;,' uf Aoiudji'.u I \i, .^111 — ilieir re-iirreet .11 1- uM.ilMlllerd ;m 111-, a- -iliely ,1- ih,' h.iiv.-' in llie ilii-t Irml- il.e\. \\::i loi' 1 l-I.-'ui.-.' ti.'Il I'-ii', - .1- iii, \;':ihl\ II, i! ..-,- niiiti.l 1,1 Ihiii. ;i- ih.iiii !.. i!;..-e uh.. ar,' I litii:. .1. .!- Ill, n .'iTe. t.. \,I.iiii I .1 IVril. I I hri-1 ,iiid \d.im .ir,' the t\\., -iipi.m, I', r i -"ii- in the u . irhF- -1 r" 'i,; I !;■ -i •r\ .\.lam. Willi uii.'iii e.imc -in a,;d .!, .ilh, and Cliri-t wlm lirnii.nlit delix er.iiic-e fi.,in hoili ( l\'..iii, V i.Mt I It 1- l/.fi/ .ui, man ih.re i- death, through la) man also tlure i- the resurrection of the dead: for, as in ( tlinnii^h their iminti withi Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. \re we tn midiT-taiul th.il the I.i'ti-r 11- iMf. , f- il, lil.,- tlu- f.,rm. r" n.n-- ( /fi/.vf'.o . r, -nil'. ,-f. 11 .i;!Mi .iiii,-,' r.,- r< -iirr.-.-: i, ,11 i.f j.ill. nr .iiily I'l I /; I .■.>■.'.'.))/ V ' l" i',,. . .>( i the l.irLirr referetu e i- the p n '1. 1 i..' -n .1 j the -, 111, I',', : t! it e.i-.'. .ill u . .iild h,' r.ii-. .; : • / ; ..;;;> i ;,i -•j,,!,- p. ih,- I lill.ll Sji;.lli~ II l'i..I,ihl\. !; .w, , , i-. the rrl- i 1 1 , ii, e i- I , .i!!\ ii.|. 1 . .\\ , ! all ill \.l.iiii, ill mil. ,11 Willi .nid ,|, p, ml. ii. i- .'p.-n l .-ii ih.il 1-. .1.7 111,11 .!i. . -iinilirh .,11 ;ii , ("liri-t. Ill ttniuti with llim. live The nrder Uif llie Greek words may indeed be said Ch. XV] 1 COHINTI HAN'S. H>7 2\ I'.Mt <\riv man i' liis r lu lialh put ail ihiiii;^ iiiuUr In-, t in': till lir~tinnt- . aiu ruartl tllcy that f> i : i'-nl wlit ii !u- -.luh. All tlnuK^ .in- an- I. lin-i's at hi- I ' lnuiK', i |'''' "nili r liiin. il /,> inamii -t that lir is J J llun .■'lUi'lli ihr ciul. wliill li' -liall ; t \iipli M\\rr iln. .1 nnti> hnn. then -I'.all :h.- S.-n a!-' .'5 I'nr lif iini-t n-iiiii. till hi- hath iml Inn--. If li<- -iihui-t riiil.- I nn that put all all Vnomiis ntnlir In- fn-t ithnu;- nn It all j«> 1 he la-t i-m-in> //i.;/ -hail ho ii;i;i-!c.! l.i'Wi.n Chri-t anil the ' '..van-.- tin- i|.-'rtirti. m ..i^.l.ath, 'h..n«h •• sK-ipir> " hy the w.T.l fruits lu-n- minr.. i- a,, /in t .. i For, I'e (....li iH-iunu-s an cmii iiinri' iiuvanl thnii;: tluy put ALL things, ili arc tint iiK-nlv like Him. hut ift Hnr., and His. _ 111. 'M- il. ajll iinhi.l. .1. in subjection under His (('hri-t"-i feet. In l'-a!in \ lii. (•. Iiy which ih. -.- \\..r.l- ari- -ni;i;. -t.-.l.' it i- m..n. hinn.imt\. th.il i- rrpi .-. n.-.l a- liavm-.^ .L.tiinii-ni .\.r ila- w.irl.! l!;.- p,i--a:.-.- 1- li. !.• nr. :p!i t. M. - -i.nn.Mll>. aial api.h. .1 i.. ( ! i • ! II. i- ai ..i !ii in ( 1'- \n\ (1. .ni.! nii. li.il Icni;. .! .i' 'nni i' w.-.:-: !.. II'- 27. 28. ( l.r;-:'- im;;ii']'Ii mn-! iml.Til 23-26. But, hi-ian-c tluy ari- Hi-, ami in Him. ih. y arc m a >. n-.- paratc frnni Hil l. 1:1 .1 .hn'. i.ni r. l..r.- each in his own pi";., r rank: a- tla- first fruits Christ, then those that are Christ's will Ih- ma.li' aluc at His coming — thi'ir (pni-ki-tiin;.; i- .ii'.i.I\..i :i: i''') lli- ci.miiiK. anil ihi- p: I',, li .\p.'.;..l 1 .■ .il'-. 'Inlr. " . -\ . r , \ . : \ 1 ';1. . ..n: •! v n"' in tin- near Intiin-. Then is the end: -a !a n '- p-.u. r." hiil n--! ..\. r 1 ,' .1 I il .-l 'li.- .mil tlu- rml ..| wli.it- III. II Kir'ti ,.p|.ii' '..i',..t r. . I. iiip' u .- pi--.. ~- 1- (, './ i':.iv I nti\ ir,.I .-.il. - a t'iir.l -t.i-. . .1- li:.' l>r. \ '"li- .».V in .i.V. ai-d tlur. l-.r-.- 'li. S"n. altrr III, 11 liiriir,-, , lii. la-. ,',.1 lia' -..'..ii.!. - • tii.it -'il'luliiiu all llii-ii.;- llini-.-lt. p. ti'-rni- ;in iii!.!-\,il 1- -n. .'iM'.l a- . l.ip-iiiu I.-- 1 i 1- • i • •'-MiiiiL; .1. ; l.v -n!.-. . t m-..; 1 1 iti:-. li (■ > •u..n I ill'-''- i-..niiiiK ,111.1 till' .11.1. In tit. I'.t'-r Ij'.-I,,.- l.li- r. but the K, ■> \\ ) ... ilii- mi. i x.il I- tili. .! lip ! words, '* all things have been subjected," tin- tli.iii-.ir.l \ .ir r. 1^11 .'I (_1iri-t iiii.l I«. .obviously do not include Him ii,...!) li. M l -, ail 1 ;i -itiiil.ir tli- iiulit. U -- d. In P . who subjected all those things to Him. lu-rh.ip-. );/..'v li.m- lu-rii in I'.iiil'- liiiii.ljlt i- nut', rl iin.ili- thiil in ■ tii'p.i--i. in-.l a luTi- / /.', 1-;.',/ I- till- i-nd nf In-i. .r> , when : r- an. \t. tin- nu .'min..^ -h.. :l-l .Ii-pnlfd. ('•...i'.- imrp.i-.- -h. ill liavi' l>i'i-n .-. .11-11111111. II. .I I I !;•■ \\.>r.|- ni. .111 -lit. r.d!) . //.'^ ( ■ T l.v th. inimiph ..f flin-t. iiiid He delivers ;■' 1 .*.jv.s- n.r /i.i.v .i,;.-,/t ithaii ,; ' //.•.■»i-.t I '.;.ir-! li; - u III- ii;7 '■ . ,'i! . !i ' '. '. ;; - -I •'i ninU nt ■ ill ! . f-.T.- I l-'dMlK MM-r t lu- ll-- 1 .-ia r. .1'!.! iT-.'Mi- iv; lli- '. 1 1 mi- It I !.!. ui.'iiil '• !ii.."u'-t , !'"• ll'.-l.' pf h 1 1 ; 1 r 1 - . " \\ ' . 11 I < ' / 1 I ! : . i • I - . . ..r V, = - ■ '! ■' 1)1.1 in. '..lit ■ ' ' • -1,1 'I , • ' ' And whi-n all Ml the kingdom to Him who is God and Father — thi- i- 'hu- '.n tin- l-.iUh-r inmi i //r m ('ii'-'. .n till- .s >;;— and has done away with 1 - 1. u-r.I in \iii. ."^ "f pr.'|ilK'i"t - an. I k'l- '.\; 1 i.Ij. 1 every rule and every authority 1 and power; .-p..-i;illy pcrliap- ;• 1' I i '-. \ llinikiiiu . 'i .!. nil -in.' p- ■ 1 - I ' ■ . ';! ■! j;i-!.,i\ i- ti'. .:••! ••• ■• trimrn': i ' i.-.- fcr He rnu-.t reign 1 until He has, i-; ' . ' ' ' '■ ' put all enemies under His feet an •-!!.' .-liii.'!!.'- l!:.- I'-.iinr-:'- «••' 111 1 .1 ni,iL;ii; iv I'i.' 1!'. 1 . I'-. ill' .' ■ li' :! I- llif ail.lilii.il .It ill.' i'\.n .... . .! !.. ...V . -r...-! n- ■'. ■• fiil-l //.■ il i- pn' «lii ( ,. .1 ; l.iil 111 a 11. .-.'--aril> -niiM i t ..f ill.' iniiii. .li.i!.- I pri.i.iMv h.r.- //.• i- ith. il.il inn-l things have been subjected t.) Hnn, then shall the S.in alsi> of His own accord • 11 self '\ iluii li.ipti/nl I'nr tlu- <1. .ni:- ,(() Ami why st.iinl wr ill jti'iMnly (\iry liiiiir ? .il I iiriili'-t liy ymir rrjoiciiiK whicli I have in Christ Jesus our l.onl, i ilie daily. I .!-• It :iH(T llir iii.iMiuT nl imii I li.ivc ; I'iiukIiI Willi I'lM-ts ,il |-.]iln--ii~, what .ii|- 1 \.uit.ii;> lli I! iiif, il till iK .iil ri-i 11' il ' 11 1 us I c.it .iiiil ilriiik. I'll- I.I iiiiirriiu ur ilu. },\ I'll' ti"t (li ri ivfil : evil ci iiiiiiiiinuM- I tuins ciirnipt nciml inaiiiuTS. 1 34 Awake tn riKliii''iiisiuss, and sin not; I t.iiil>. .mil ilii-- in order that GOD may be all in all i iii •lil .'//.iii:.!- .u .ill culu r lh,i:i:s I ii" '/n I . lli.il 1^. lli.it III - il.'iiriiii 111 ni.iy ]n r\.iilr .ciiil iiiu-rin iii ; ; ,i;<- i \ <■' > lliiii^ 1 111- .iryuiiH-iit Inn- io;k'1us an i'npas- Mi>iie K ft hohiiul, ;tlit re- ilu- I i-ti 1 .itii HI I.I lli> penple tr..iii ill..:!!, .iiiil ill. 11 lliiiiotil licuiir.; in \ . i1;:m1,i1 V 111 .'11 - ■ ;. ill 1 n h u '.!■' i a\ ( i. mI ami I'.i'lii 1. tli.il 1 le nni^lil l.<' all in .ill. li i> a iiiii^t ina jestie n mi-i plii m ul lii^ t.'r>. iip.'ii «liu-li line insiiiieu\ ely pauses 1.1 I. tr, ilii r< siunpiiiMi (it the mure lurni.il arKUiiH 111. Tlir h',-siifi,\ ti the i-.Treet 1.1.1, i- that the relin iui' 1- in a eiisiutn of h.ivini,' line's sell liatill/iil Inr llu' lielletll i.t he lie\ers wlii>. t'.'i uli.iU\er rea-mi. Iiail iliiil witlnuit hapii-tii The ■ .l.-i eii. .ii |i. ihi- i- ill. it it -eiiii- 111 niii.l> |.r.n l uallv a iii.i'..;u'.il eiiniepIiiiM .1" li.ip! '--ni. .1- lliiiiii;Ii il- i-'licl- fiiiiM I \i. i"l 1" ami he appi 1 .| .I'.il 1 il by ill. ill 111 . ,1!"! linlluT il i- .ii..^i:. .1 lliat r.iiil ei.iiM li.ii ill\ have --iiipni i. .1 -lu li ,1 e. 'lu'eption. in an-\\er it ii' i\ 1. -. ••\ lli.i' lliiir i- 111. pii-ili\e pi"...t ih.il I'.iiil liiiii -. Il illil -liaic till- l.illi I 111 -pr.lU- 111 till- tliir.! pi I -' ■ " u h.ii u ill tlu-y ■ " " ' il i- .111 'lu ■ in|.!;.iii.- .\ ■■ 1 »;.iii? 1 1 . . 1 1 ; - .i! !■ !i : 111 - . 1 1 I ! ■ .I'l I !m pr.H' - I hi alliii II il li . Ill \ ' ' -'i| I'.iil II 1- p. . i:a|.- il.:l.li\ lUli--.ll\ 1 1 1.1 1 1 : 1 . 1 1 1 1 iwii till- 111 ill.' I ;'.' nt' l..ip'1-lll i.ir llu ill ...|. the I lui-M.r .ippi.ir III li.iw 1.1-11 l.ii! ii'iii.iniiL; ,1 1 iil.ir 111. I I I'l.irtiee. 111 ii.ii li.-e'i..ii w'lli ill.- 'im iirii-." nt riili.iti. 'ii 1.11 I I . i' 'lu- iimiiii i.iii'il ilr.nl. .mil I'.inl 11; .", 1 i'. . ' . lii M i| 111 llie eriii :ii \ i.| -'ii ll hapti-iii 1 > pii.\>. .\t any rate the iir.ieliee t.t the ('. .niilliiaii- niiplie- .i helu f in the ii -!irrreli' 'II. ami 1- .ili-iiril it tin it 1- iiniie : if dead m. n are not raised at all, why do they actually i',aii receive baptism , on their behalf? ! 30-32a. A«,i lily the re>iirrectii m e\- i plains tlic fideh with whieli I'aiil daily j t'aees danger ami deatli. If there he no j -esiirrietii'ii. why do we on our part incur I danger every hour? ami iv>t mily (l.niner, jl iii 11-k ili'.iih Inr I undergo a daily death, ui i..iw .ilreaiiy had a Klitnpse nf I the li.;!il-lnp ami snrmws with wliich his I .ireer was replete 1 iv ti- i.i: llie apnstles uire as men t!,'.-in,,l I - ,l,.i!ii. w .): cf. 2 I ( . .1", \i J.i .'71 lie -'.\i .1- l\ i:u' tllinn I tli.i! i- il' iii-: I" Iiini. by the pride in you, brettircn, which I have in I'lie -pill re I'M Christ Jesus our Lord. S. me .MS.'s, n .i.l " li> i.'.'v I >)"<'''(i,ii', ,ii;ri praie, uiiieli, ell" ' 1 e , lu my pii.le a- .1 t I111-- li.m; hilt llie nth. r Ij.ri.ii' m ilieir mu- 'wr-i'.iil. -I I III- iP'.ir iliri'livr Wi re •'ill. mi pr. '. . t . 't I . -iirrrel 1. .11 ami I it lire reu.llll, wi.ll ri.l-nll Unll'.l llllle |:i I'nr litiii. iir aii\ 111. ill. I'.iei 11; i. ii. 1- wliieh he had faei.i - If in human fashion, iin- lulliil liy nn uilier ire than that of ] iraii-ieiit rew.ird and Kimy, I fought with wild beasts at Ephesus. what is the profit to me? I ntnrtiin.iiely the refereii. e e.ni lint he ti\eii witli priei-mii It 1- li.inlly liki lv tli.it lie literally tn ii;lil m llir .iin- pliiii.a'ii an aiiiieil >;laili.ii. .1 wiih uilil . :!;:. w- .iild have I.e. 11 in.-, -i! p iiiMe Willi ill- k-'ir iii I III 'I'li-liip, aiiil ii h all e])i-nile W'.ll'.l .illlI''-; |-rrl.l!lll\ li.ne luell Illellllnlll l| 111 llu- |lnni^ ll| Al l-. .Mi.re pi'"!' i' 1> It iiiei- I.I -.line il.iirjiT In wliieh lie u.is espn-eil Irnlll tile Itlnli. -lull ,1- 111 the rint ill -ri 'hi .1 n .Nrl- \'\. p.-r hap- it! ihi- .■■pi'iiir.i''. '1! ■ -■■{i. vv Ai~ 111 Cnr. M. -'.1 -•"). ill' hill ei rt.iiiiiv -..me II rnl'l. i\prr.i.'. - .1! Iplu-ii- 1 j l.i 1 St I. 1 ■;• . .1 ',\ 'a' 11 1- ■■r. we il. 1 ii. 'I i.-v .\\ I !ii p. Ill ip:. !i .1 111 1 itn- 1 1 J I a'K llu 1 ^^ :'■! I i 3211-34. II'. I. 1- i!" 1 1 w iril ' • II- I'.'t I'.ii'l-iiip ;mil -nrr. 'W : if then lir 11.. f '.'.anl 11. le.i iii r. Ill .'iliei w if'l-, if till dead are not raised, il'iii .■ .ill Iri- muN .t-.i] m lereiiee will 1 r, "Let US eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." a qitni.itiiin frntn Uaiah wii 13 If this were Paul's Ch. XVI I (M)RIN'TmANS. 109 (or Miiiu- ha\i- iml llu- km li(li;r nl (md: I speak Ill's li> >"i'i" -li.mu 1! . -uiiu- iiitiii s,i\. Ili'W aro tin (Iiail r.itNi.l up? and with what Uxly tl>> tliiy i.iii)i<*? .5(1 I limt I'oi'l, that which tlioii miwi'nI is not (ittickeiu'd, t it chc : 37 Ami tliat whidi thun M>wi>t, th'>M wi'wi-st not that tiody that shall 1m-. )mt har.- Krain, it may cham-o i>f wlu.ii. i r nf mhiu' otluT ;;r,nii . .?S r.iit ("ioi- (.< one hiiiii (if tli-sh of Tnrn, anotliiT ilcsh of tifasts, another of tishi's, anj an- other of hirds. 40 //iivr iirr also Cfli-stial Itodivs, ami Unhi"* tcrrc-*trial : hut the Klorv of tlu- i-ili'stial IS oiu'. ami tlu- ^/''i.v of the trr- rcstnal is anoilu r 41 I'hcir is o!U' v;'ory of thi- sun, iml anothiT Klory of the nioon, and aii 'llur v;;..r\ .ri thr -l.irs . t'.ir rnr ditU iiih t'r..!n .iii.'llhr star 111 i;Ii'i> (J S.. ■ IS till' n surn ctioti of the -1.1,1 It i~ -•■un in corrilini' >n. it is raisnl 111 lui-orniption ; r ^ own .luhi-ioii. It wotdd hi' o|Hn to the sanK- irilHisni as ver. lor even if liiere were no resurrection, the sensual hie wonhl still he a tragic tnislake I'.ii! I'l-I ahly I'anl would not hinisell ha\e ad"i '. l this l^picurean couclusii ,11 lie is simplx ilhistratiiiK the iiitliuiui- >'i crci d up, 'ii character. Tlu en ,-d "i 'he t . Tinthi.ins w.is alYeeled h> Imiiv ln,ithr!\ .1 - - , k ;.cl 11 'lis. ■riu\ m;i\ liaw llioui;!-! thai in.illired hi tie: hill not be misled, i^r it in.iltcr- nutch. it leads to the ih-lrii. tli..n. ;iit..\icaled nun. to awake I'M ■n true n sin III- of W llo-e ultimate root is i..-ii,.i.iii< r ii ' of Hi- power to ip.iickell the de.'ul (.1 M il x\ii I speak to move you wi-e Co- rinthians to shame. '/;;, \' .''ir-,- ' t':r A',-. » ir.-.'f 'H /(.'i/y I N\ ,v- I"' r;,:il is u.ll .iw.ir.- th.il "1- pa--i-'n.i'. .iieiiiiunt liia\ \e! h'- 1 1 : |ii.i! ' -.I'l-I'- th. .1, . p r. ■ -i d s.-. plu : 111 .it - nu ..| th.- ( ..rinli - 111- t-i whom hotli tlu 111. cm. 1 I TTu's 1 1.1 ih, ti si:i ,11011. .iiid tlu- iiatiin- ,.l ih.- I-. - -rr, .-lU'ii h,'d\ ' ' w. r. .liii-..- incMK-eivalile ; and he devoies this p.ira- g.-aph to a renwval of these dilHcnItie-. to soberness i iiiv, of the aiul proper fashion, and cej 1 pri- mi , ,. .if , .,|j/,iiio-(/ .ihstineiu lelief aned? " i ; - pmi. v' ir ditticulty cetit wliu-h u.is I. ml !M llu- ur.isi'. .ir s.iiiu- otlur' llu- (iieeks hilie\ed 111 a siirM\al ■•t p> r-. iii.diH . hut 11. I 111 a /'--./i.'v ri--iiri 1 1 1 1. 'I! .it .ill the I'h.ii -.M-. s I..-h, -.'e.l lh.it Ih, r.n'-i'v l"-dy «. -:l,l lu- i.iised a-,;. oil I'.m! .i -.iiK holii Ih licls ; liu-i, is a h.,.!il\ ri s-u 1 . . ! I. HI, liut It Is 11,. I this h,„|y .•! !!■ .!'.'iiipe!i-iu-e to ohserve .ilialonits. Foohsh om . the thing that YOU sow It lu s vvittmi vi'iir i'te»r ( <"' ) experience, if Soil h.id onlv the w isdom ( oi.'ipwc ) 1.. leail It is not made alive unless it die: i-\ery s.uMUK of se.d in\ol\i> the l.iilh that' will issue out oi d. ith, the r.-sur. .011 111 . 1 ' . „ , I - r ,;i ■ . > -I jiMse. i And the res-.iM . , - 1- ,11 ■■' . whi. >i - 1 n- c.-!\alile to the ■ -1 m .1 ■ -r. ha- > - ..!. .1 ---'U- ,i!-o III the e\prruii.i .1 ti; As for what you sow, it is not the body that is to be that you sow. but -,••!!. •! n ^ , , i % ,!iiTerent. a bare grain nr .-,' u,-' ^-• . '..tiled with til. )"-ds ti. 1- - I- ' - per haps it..t Ti \in, ,1 \:\ 101 of wheat, or some of the other -e. !- But GOD gives it in . -.. i\ .1- I pr - I a body. I he n.iture ol th'- h"d\ ■!- '- tmtmd hy •h.- ,/-, .-.I.'i' .it v-riatl"!; I "j"' \n.' foi the 'leail l\er .(t'l .<.-.■(/. 111. IV s.,,ri l\ i'l- tritslrd to litld .ill .ippr, 'pri.iie ho.iy tor tlu- 'li-.i'l »'(ii>l 39-42. llu p"iiit 1- now . 1 ih. .r.-r. 'I. th lite liod> Is .ippropn.ite t- llu- iiatili. Anini.ds -re alike 111 heitiv; l!e-!i , hut all no I COKIXTHIAXS. [Ch. XV 4.! Ii i» \Mi 111 ili^liuiK.nr, It i" r.ii-nl ill i.'iil> It 1^ XIWIl HI \M•akIlC>^, It !■• r.ii'i <] 111 pinvfr : 44 It t-- -own :i naliinil liudy, it is r.tix il a --piritiial Imil) I iu ri' a natural liipily. ami tliiTi- is a spiritual li"|iirit. .}') Iliiulifit that ri'.i.< iii't tir^t winch i< spiritual, hilt that which is nntural; and at'tirwartl that which is spiritual. 47 The fir^t man is ui the l arth, t-arthy : the -oci'Tiii man i.s the l.onl fr.>m luavcii. flesh IS not tlie same flesh, li • i 1,' But there is one i of tnen, another tJes.h of beasts, another flesh of birds, another of fishes. And ihi- appi "|iriat(iu->-- i>l 1"mI> In naliirc i \ ti;id- lliroii^;lniiil tin- i" >ti-i-: it i» in, nil fc^li-d III till- will a-- "Ml the t'^nlli. Celestial bodies also tin n .irc, and terrestrial bodies. It i<- doiihtml wliilliir the cele--lial lu'dii- ari- t" he ex- plained a^ llie ^1111, iiii"'!i. and »lar> las in ne\l \er-i). or wIuiIkt we ,iri ihink of tlie linijiis nf aiiinK (\rr 4~. \hr 111,111 1 1 ' Ml 111 ,1 \ < • ! I . I III 1( ii ! 1 i ■ c 111 ~ tin- iii.'ir i>i.>|i,il'!' But the jilory of the ce- lestial is of one kind, that of the terres- trial another -ai;ain the law <>\ pif pints. Aim! \\i:1iiii each sphere ilii- ' n\ liM- .i ;iniiii.il- ililfir in ll,. hard to iiiuler- st.ind. 1 hi' risiirrection liody will In ditfnrnt from this lii.iiy, and will In af- ff'n,il,- to till' resurrection st.ite. which lie -oon e\pl.iins as a sf>iiitual state 43-44. I he c.'i>tr.i-l In luirn the two Static is iii'w -:!ikiiiL'l> ^!.iU'l in a ^'i' »if I li> tlmiical I. ■! It is sown in corruption, it is ,i--;:n.l!> (p! I raised in incorruption : It is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory: It is sown in weakness, it is raised in power. l-'ri'lll the rel'ciince in l!ie ,v/'''y of tlie re-iirrectioii hmh, il i- ch ,ir ill. it Paul :- dc.lht:^ .-liK w'lili ;! = .:! .:rc t liri^t'^ " (\er -'.!l. I 111' pri -I 111 .nul llu- I'n'iiri' ^l.ilr .ue I irlicliaii! I\ cl 1,11 ai In 1 /> d I .i. ll I'V llitre cpulli i^ It tile sulnni; lie l.iiMii 1" n II f 1.1 luiri.il (ct. \cr .!'il tiieii the tir-1 ihree c'incenirale pathetic atten- tion upnii the deail liody. Others, how- ■ \ I'l'. r n l"i 1 rrij till I ill 'llwil I lll^ 1> lllllil I ili.ll I'.r. 1- pllil.lp^ lli't c\clii>i\cl\ epithel^ vi;^yest llie l.iw ui ciirriiplion to which iiil mir -llhiect. The reMirreCliiill ire>h and f.nr and strong. wini; III 'i'th. ihc riKiciice !ii lutri.il; the ■.M ,ikiii ~-. and e.illllly life is 1 11 Illy i-> ever I he pith of tlie coiiitast 1.. Contained in the la^t *tate- ineiu : It is sown a natural (or unlmitl) body, it is raised a spiritual body. A -imilar ii'illrast lielvxeeii tile n.iliii.i' .iihI ^pinli;at h.i- alre.iily lio ii drawn 111 ;■. 1,;. W r lia\e iinliirtiilialilv iin ahI'I wliuh exactly ei irre^pi iluK to V I \iMii'. I lu 1^ I'lle wliuil i-. unSeniiMl l.\ piiiuipli' I .|' "till -1 n-U' 1 lir' .111 ti> 111 Il is llu " iniu 1 -idi ' '!i--i II. aiiii I 'pp. il ly. \\ Ir. li i> v;. .\ n iird ! >> iiTii.i; iiral pi iiu i|ilc. .iiui t: lll.ll 111'.. llu- CillllM^I 1 i\ I .11 . 'Mr 111. ill 11. il .111 1 ^iipern.ilin.ri. riii> iluii till' >ceplical cnu^iiim r.ii-i f .vy. Iiii 11. .(ly lu- *> \V. tlie 1.1 iiMii-il. irv .t ;l:r l!.-ll"" the .»/•.•'.•.'«.;/ Trif 1 ml, tile h.- i:::..i,(iili (■ ..f 1^ iiiiiulily that pintii.il. natural - the aii-wcr 1 111 \er. 45-47- w Inch li -nvmc-ti il. b> The Imdy in winch the de.id cmiie is nut their e.irthly hody. hut a sfiniiiiil, siiper- iiatur.il |..id\. appr. .pri.ite tu the future state. If ire.idiim ei I there exists a natural body 1,1 Imdy adapted to the ^I'X^K there exists also a spiritual body la hody ad.ipleil to tile -irffifia}; the law nf cof- re.-pond' ,ice luaki - ilir niie as credihlc as the otl'i '-. 1 liiuN tlie Contrast upon ■i-t!iig. aillicipahd or at least lull, ii- ~ - tiHil 111,111 Iwiimc ti.r tlic ^akc 111 ! i> c..iilra>t 1 ...I'.l I '111 l-I, ...|.!- t' ■ 111 i.i ' ..'I'l " A'l ,'i; ' So also it stands written, " The first man Adam became a living soul;" the l?-/. Adam a life- giving spirit. A.l.mi and (,"liri-t ,is tlu' li.i.lcr^ 111 tlir iw.. luiniaintu- ii.ur al- ready lieeii contracted ( vir, .VI. I'.iiil reads his own meaning into the (ireek w.ird r''XV: \dam is the n pr.'-en!;i-r\ 0, the iii.iugurator. of life on il^ f.i-Vi . ma- tt ri.d >iiU'. .\iid in^t ;is surely is t'hrist the inangnratiir of sf'iiituiil life. He be- came not s.nil. hut sfint, and not simply a living spirit, hut a /i/c-^'i; iiij^ ati"! I ver. .5(1 1: "in Him shall all be made aliv " Cm. XV I I ( (HMNTIIIANS. Ill jS .\» :s till- tanliy, Niuh ,iir tlu\ .il-i 51 liilii.lil. 1 slu-\v ymi .1 iiiy^tiTv ; \Vf iIkiI ,Lii- iMiili> aitl .!> •> ilii- lh.iMiil>. ii.it all sU-i-ji, Imt '.m- ^li.ill all be ■■m il thi > lii.it ,i! r he. u . 111) rlniu.^l 4i» vM- 1m\c' l.onif tl.c i!!1.il:< .•t 5J In :i iii.itiiir'. ri I'aid'i ..| a<< tile c.irlln. \s r -Ii.ill .il^o \n\ir tlir iin.i.;f .il llu' l.i^t iruni|i. i'.t ilii- trmnpi I ..t h, nly -ti.ill -mm.. I. .ili.l .1. ,n! J !! 1» , 1 ;i) \..u tli:^ i -av. Iir.tlir.Mi. t!i.it ih -'1 ru. vriii .| iM, . .,n.! u.- ~!',ill I. .f>.. I :ip.l III..... I iMiiiL.t iiiliiTii tlu' Isimjil.'in oi 5; 1...- 'Ii.- r. >i n!|i!il.lr 11".-' • . ■ ■•, (i.i.l; r.^'liiT il.iili c .rriipM' .11 iiihorit in- j c- mi).!:..:'. .111. 1 i!::-. tii .ri.i! p 1 .ii Ci irrii).! ■,'>:: ] i^iiiu. .rtality. l\iT. J.'i, T'u uli.-K .!•;!• ..f '1 ,• ar^M- dom of God. h!;,' i- .1 ■},.:' t' .Im; mrii! -.;iUL;i-I- llili-l .in..iii. ■! nor. mi '^i, n,!--,.. .'1 tliiiii;- 'T ii:m 1. li..uir .It iii.l l.> lli^ i.-u!r<>: '11 But does corruption i\.r jj 1 inherit incor- liii- r. l.iti.''! "t ( liri-' \. 1,1111 1- ill .1. ruption. I h. m.ii. i i il h.i- n. . <1. 1:111 l.v 0..r.l;mr.' w 'li t'lr u. ' ;,il pi ;!i' I'l.' ''.1! : 1^ iu-i 1 1 1 1:, ,■ iii«.ii tl:. -piiirial t w . > the spiritual is not first, but the natural, -p!u ri > ari- ilit'trtiiii \nil 11. 1 . nly i- an ,111.1 then the spiritual. Ami a- \.l mi an.l .■•lur !"..ly i-oni-fivahK- ( vv. .^51.), it is t'liri-l ihiliT iiiii> 111 iiaturr, .-n .!.. lln-y n(iH~-ary. , The first man is of tin- 5153. i'aul'- iin.li r-tan.lmi; ..f lli.. traii- earth, nia.l. of the dust: ilu- tr,iii-l,iii..n >iti.>ti tr..iii tlir ..11, l...il\ i.i tlir .itluT. lit- "..| ilu' tartli, earthy" .>ni;v;i'>l> t" llio I'laims to liavi- riciiM' i. \i ,\n\. but we shall all be changed. Strictly spf.'ikintr, the coiicepti. m lu-n- i In nna.jriiiiL; thai -..iiU' w.nilil he ali\e hienl (cf. «'t). hilt the context -(( in- t.' > n 1 . a: thr ciniini; of l'hri-.t, nei'e- has a /iiMtv«/y. nnma- a-, that .xiir.'at'. .n wa-- n. >t fnllill.-.l, the terial. spinliKil h..ily i;.-.,t,.' i'.. ;n.| irai>l. rr. .! \ISS 48-49. Tli.'-i' two Mill ar.' 'hi- :;>•■■■ !'.•■ tir-l cLri-.' !• l'. -'•■■■■[. O.r..^ viiila'l . - . f 1\|H^. ,,1.1 as is the man of t ; ; ::!; naiT,^ (M'l'l ol- ^o< i h.ini;.'.| t \- t'l.- pM M iit -hare tlu- ii,r-ir. ..f tia';r I.M.l.r And as 1- n, .t til t.,r th.' t'"Mr. u-iM. :'! we wore the image, il'. • '■\\,ir.l 1 ..n!\ tlu- .l. i.l i,i~ 1- n,i':T,l.. h.i.liK t'-'ini. of the man of dust, we shall al-.. 'wv^x^ -!>,il' i,, ,! .,ni.',,i in a mo- also wear the eh ri n- image of the ment - • 1' : i ' .cirouwi. heavenly < im-t I11-1..11I . f '.'topicronti-, in the twinkling of an eye, at .lit to many l:.'.>.! MSS. n-.i.l :''op vant lur.' I'anl 1- here eonclii.liiii; .•uul eiali'.l with the ihwiu- appe.iraii'f 111 l",\Mii snmiii.ari.'ini; hi^ ariiiini til fi.r 'he po--i- \i\ |f.l wlii. h hriiii;- ht-t.ir> to ,m , ii./ hility ami natitre ot the resurrection ho.ly. lirf .Mat \\n .?l 1 For the trumpet I shall sound, and the dead shall be raised I incorruptible and tlu r.'i.i'-.' tit t.>r the . ter PtJtli is .v.. .;//.':, iif' m J"i,-.'."v ( w. n .1 ■,■.;!!. and we ulu. ate ah\r shall be :;<)-_:;><). changed. \n.| ell.iM'.;.- !- I'.-. . - ,,ir\ . for, ' , .-.I' M 1!;. IS 11" pl.i.u- llu-re lor Ih'sh 50. (hie (pii -ti. .n r, 'nam--. .\ti;il. .i;ies .;)!./ /•.'.'■■i/. this corruptible must put on !ia\e heeii otTeri .1 t.. -lu w that the re-ur- incorruption and this mortal iiiii-t put on rectlotl lioiU Wlii ililter troin the e.ariiilv immortality. ilu 1- a r'l'':':-: '". hoj,iriiu nt In '!i.- nhle toi to I',,,f,.ri' i;'u-",,n t,.;uluil. lunvv'"-. ■■h'-l. I',i"l in.i\ !.,■ ' 1 1- '•!■,■ n that llesh and blood, • ■• r ii i-n , , 'h,- hi. •!. .1 I im \ii .111. 1 for their niatirial Ii.kIus, cannot inherit the king- i.iir rohe-. Kev 111 4. m 11, vn ./ 112 I COUINTIIIANS. |Cii. XV 54 S" hIuii tlii^ I'TniiitiMi' -li.ill li;ivi' put iMi uh I ■rniiilii 'II. .iikI ilii^ iiiMrt.il >liall Ii.'n r pill ■'11 iiiiiii. iil.ilil) , ill. II 'li.ill 111' hiMiiulii III p.i-^ 'Ik -.iMiii.; l! .n i^ written, l)i.illi i- .illi < il 111' 111 viitiiry. 55 (» ilr.iili. \\lhri i.v iliy sting? O |;i ,i\ c, u Inn (A lli\ \ II I' 'i v ' 5'i Mil- -iiiii; I.I ili.iili IS sin: and tlio 'II 1 iii;lli I if 'ill /.V till- l.iw . 57 I'iiit tliank.s /'.• t.i (ioil. wliicli niNctlt lis" tlu' victory throuKh our Lord Ji*u« C'liriM 5S lluriturr, !ii> lull 'Mil Iti llirni. In- yi' 'l( .I'll.i-I. iiiiiiii i\ I .il'Ii . ,iK\.i>' .ilpoiiniliiiK 111 ilir « "ik I'l till L.Til. I not in \ain in the Ijird. 54. Alrraily. 111 mt 5 1, ran!'- wnfiN havf lifKilii til lake ml a rli\ lliiini' ami piirlii- 'Wiiil;. uliu h ili m I"].- in llir iicM fmir M I -I - ml" a ! niiiii|i!:.iiil li\iini I't |irai'( But when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption itlii' iIium r as to issuo in («'t) vic- tory." TIh' wiifiis in Isaiali. as now piiiiitfd. riad " Hi' liath swailowi'd up 'Icatli fi'r c: rr " Tlif Cin rk translation i(>i/i> : ii - tiiiy pill till- Al.illl.iu- tlu.illiim llp.'M tllr llrliriu uonK I'lil llu' r — iiilial lllfailinv; 1- H"! .illi n il - - ili atli is ti'lri ly di-sln i> 111 55. l lu- llii'iiulit iif llu' ili sli iirti"ii 1. 1 ilialli liy llu- \ii-ti'r> 111" l lin-t kiiull. s I'a.il to till- most cNalu-il iiilliiisiasm llr nirn- ilrliaiillv to ili-atli. ami ,isks, in an aiUp':; li' ii "I i!ii- woiiK of I lo-i-a ( Mil 1.) I •• O Death, where is tliy victory? O Death, where is thy sting?" in tluir i'11'.^iiial ."!'!• \l ill ll"-i.i. tlu- uonls aji- prar I" liavi- a \ > r\ .lirii-n ii! iiu aniii-,a : till- pouirs of ilialli an- simimoiK-il to i-iiisli impriiilriit I-r:ir! '•Ilitlirr. (> iliaili. willi tliv plau--.-' lliiini. (> Sln.il I s" 111 -I'liii- MS.'s "t ( "V //i;,/i-.\ in sr.-- I'lnl i laiisi- > with tliy dcst niiM ion ; fur pit> is hi'jiK n froni iniiu' i-yrs." I'.iiil is lu ro Uiiidi'd as usual I tlioiii;li not always: tin- (irok viTsion of Is \\v S, inst (|noti'd, riads. "ill illi lias prtvaili'd and swaliowid InuMil iip 'l liy tho Si-pliinKint 56. 57. Dcalli is like a .niant sinrpion with 1 v'.i.':, " now the sting of death is sin it was till- tli.-|t liroii^;lit ili-atli into tlu- worM ( K'oin \ iJtT/>. and l!u- f.-ar «if iiulMiiii'iii !' ' sill iiu-ri-,isi s t!u- stipi; and till' I-.o- : r I '!r,i!li and the power of sin is the law, i"r !i'r"iiL:l! il'r 1 n\ canu- till' ktiowli-iim- "! mh. i'l all 's ]k.i teutons pow-cr. as (iisnlifdit-ni-o (if. Koin. \ii 711', li.il 111 11)1, But till- po\M-r of llu- lau. -111. .iiul iK-.illi arc lirokrr I'V the n-siTi n 111 11 villi. ly o| lliii-t. ami thai \u-- I'.ry Is -li.ii , ,1 ||.. ill. .-1 : h.it .11. ■ 1 1 1-. Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ, ('id \ii-l..iv oMi ill. nil Is a Kill, ot (ii.il, uoil tliro'iKli ihiist: ,111.1 tliiiiiKli .Ml t-n |oM.-d oiilj III fi.nl.isU-. it Is sure 1 lu'iu-i- />)-,■.«, SiRufTt), riio urcat \'icl.ir is >.ol- i iiiiily naiiu d in full - iiHr /.../ We to i|,-iy still share the niriositv of the Corinthians who asked: how aro the dead Ch. XV] I CORINTHIANS. 113 raised? and Paul's answer. thiniKli not cx- iiuustive. is sJill s»ikki>i>ir- itual ImhIv is. we may luit In- able to iiii- UKiiH'; l>n'i. Ml .iiiv rate, it ri iiiam- inu- lli.il imr tiiiuii' oiiiililiiiii. liUi- ■'iir iiu-uii, uill III- ail.iplcil til iiiir cm iri iiiiiu 111 I li.ii till' f-M iHi- 111 l'aur> .11 '^ii'.tin III . I III' lutiur ImiK will ii"t In- llii> i.iillily t ui ilic di-cii^ 'ioii. ililiit 111 llic rcs- j iirriitiiiii 111 rvi- .1 ni.ni t" liulit with wiM lif.i»t> (Vet ,U' I .inil 1.1 ,il...nii.l in al! c I i anil lullft'utnl Wllll^ (\ . r>i-i.nii..M ni.i\ In- liraMlv Imrii'. .nul «i.ik yiially lii.tu- liV iillc, '.villi ila^. iii.i I'a'll. iIk' l^ii.IliillN M-imi 111 CliM-! \U|..IIii'l> I'MT il. iih. a|i;.>arnii^ t.. ili I '.. 1 i! 1 kiii«i|i'iii Ill- I'.illur - li.iiiiU iwi -I'lMir- nii^. In lli> Miliirv. a llki viii..i> lor us ( .iT 571. .iiiil liir uiir wuik .1 [11 riiiaiii.iil i|>l.icc in the eternal orUcr i\*:r. 58). 114 [('II. X\1 C()XCLL*DI\(; I NS I KICTIOXS. S ALL'TATIONS. AND ni:.\Ki)kTU).\ ( svi>. C"H \I'II"R I'l i 5 ' '"'ii'' iinto yiiu. wlu-n I -li.ill p. I- ihi. M,ii-«.t!iiiii;i : for I do I N'l.w ( Mti(-rriiili« llir rollri tidii fur tin- tiiri'nuli M;nl iluiii.i "•^iiiil-. .1- I li.ui KIM II .'I'U r til llic (i Anil i! lie tli:it I will Mliiilo. yea, ili'iiil'i ■ I'l ii'iriuy u liitlur~t n MT I K'< CM r> iiiir ..| \..ii liy liiiii ill ^liin-. ;is , I-'t I uill u- -re mmi ii..a \i\ ilic li.iili |irM,p,i..| Inn. that tliiTi' In hh : Iml I irn-t i,. tarry a whilo witii you, ^;.i!liri iiiu- will II I i iinir. |il ilir Lmil in rniit. .! Villi wliiii I iMiiic. \\liiiiii-in \ir \i- S l!ni I will tarry at KphcMis until -li.ill .ippruM- li\ yic Kllir>, iluiii wi'l I I'cnlm > -t. M-iu! to lifiiiK yotir lilii-rality ititio Ji-ni <» l-'or a iirr.ii .!..i.r .iii.l it'l.iinal i- salfi" iopiiiiil unto IMC. aiiil ilur,- many a uluii the |Ii"!i.l;Ii'| tlu I i^nrii u '11. I'.iiil iiniiuih.ili 1\ iiii"iii^ ot the rf-iirrci-i u m "I I'lin^l iw) -lu'iild iipi'ii llii ( "I 111! 111. Ill -. till pr.u iu .il il'.ilj nf t"iii-|i nu n'^ lu .irl-. t" pn'iili.ir tir.ititiulf : i-"iilnli!ilini.; tn tiic tiiiaiii-ial Mipp.'it ol ilu' j tin- i-,\^ii!,ir ai' 'iniiil,iti"!i ot i-Mii a ^ni.ill IM.or l liri-tiaii> at JiTii'-.iK 111 u f. Ki nr. | weekly --nni U"iili| in.aU. a sl.'ir: ami ih,' x\-. .fi, .ill Now concerning the collec-iKift w:i- to In- a /r,i.< .i;,;'-/, mk'. 1- pr.'ii.T tion for the saints 3«, ci. vii i, viii. tioii to tlie jin '-pi-riiy wliu;, (Iml li.ul I. xii. I : Pan!'-- .iflvicf on tlii> p.'. it liail uraiucd a man. I lii- oolKcliun is to In- prolialily lu'i ii a^ki d ). riii> sitih'. a violent i ready wlien I'anl arrived — his precious transition from the ix \ letters to li.i\ f l.reii p.artiiiil.irly p' .iii'l ilii lull iK 11 carry your gift to Jerusalem. Paul I'l llu'ir Mippi'it was lar'.^i I> l.i'd upon tlu- wishes t" l.' ti . > m' i\rii tlu -ha'I'iw of • I' litilr ilinirli'^ 1.1 I i,d n lol I lidiT 1 siispji-ion I j (\ \\ \;n. ji 1 1 ; In m a l,i- snu- tlu -tiir.iilii-. "i Tanl. ("tit ril ml i"i is w a re ' sii, m i,)" ,!, Iv L'ati v \\ 1 -li-- 11 and Hurt I'lajini 1.1 .itni'iiLt llir^r clninlu-^ ( ef. Koiii. put a cutiinia al'lir 5i' tm(!To\u.'i\ — ",-»7.,.;/( w -■'!. wiiuli win piili.ips iiitinilc'l y,- i;/-/" l'\ IiIi.ts" r.itlur than " / .a;// paill\ I" Mtaii'^tlhi! till' li.'iid l".l\\i-.n tlu- sri:,i \\\\\\ hihTs;" hut tlun- U"'ild he lii- 'I'li'ili ai!il 'la- |. \\ '-I1 cliiiia-lh'- i.-f _-l',.r tli- P'unt ill t'lr .a]ipr"\al h\ l''!rr. i;',',-)- i\ 1- If As I save order to the i'.nd h.i.i .di, a!, .ni i l But if it is churches of Calatia i t tln^ i'i.l,i \n worth my while to go too, they shall lia\c nil n o.iiil so also do ye. I la- pl.m go with me: it the i;;tt w ,a 11 ' ditahle silt;-. -'.'1 a i, \,l^'i.':i .,| Va^.W in-iiiu-t mir. hnt ii"t ntiK'-^ — r.aitl w ill ;ua-"iiip;iii\- t"' i ' • ' On every (^aTal ili,- di piii.ati.'ii. or ratlu r tli''\ him lit first day of the week. n. t r! rr-' larlv h.'th el.nisi s he .i.;entl>. hut tirnily. asserts kii.'un .1- .'/.,' i.til's ,l.iy 1 k'. ^ i ...^ let I'is disinity — cliirnitv withoitt priile. each of you lay -."im ihiitL: by him. mak- ing a store of it, whatever he may be ' prospered in. that, when I come, there /V.n.'f f.>r Ti,;: .-I'ii:- iwi. ^--i). may not THEN be collections going on. In .\ets XX. the church meets on the 5-9. But I will come to you, when I first d.iy of the week: from the iniunetion shall have passed through Macedonia, here to ea.h man to lay up .''v liiiiisrif. we, for 1 am to pass through Macedonia, but may infer that tlicrc was then no collcc- 1 with you people of Coritith I slwU ptT- Ch. XVI] I (HmiXTIIlAXS. 115 10 Now if rimntliftt* ciittu', m*c that In- 15 I Ih'mtoIi ynti, hn-thrcn, (yc ktiow may Iht with you willnmt tiMr: iKr lu- tlii' Imn^i .i| Slf|>limia», that il is tlio fir>t- workctll thf work of llu I . tiI. .1^ I aKn ti r frnil- "l N.li.ti.i. :uu\ lli.it ilu v .hI It l.ft no man ilii ti t..Tr .li ^pi^c liim ilui. .! iIimh-i'm^ i!u- iiminiry of tin- hitt con.lni-t hitii forth m I'l .nc. tl' 1! In in.iv ' come iiiilo iiu' : fur 1 look tor liiiii vMtli ilic ' \'' lli.it ^iiliimt jimh-i unto ^iiili, lircthnii 11'' t . '\.i> on»- that hcliirth with us. ami I J ,\> '..filnn'^ .'iir liri.llur \|iiill"'. I l.il 'mi 1 i li >jlv.ill> •li^iii 'l liini \'- (■•illii- iititM y<\\ Willi 17 I ,1111 r! I'! "I tin- (■lining; i>{ Sirpli till- lintlir.n: I'lii In^ u.i^ ii^'t al all t" aiia^ ami ' :'Miialii« ati>I Aohatrn- l^r loiin- at '1m- tinu . liii' 1:, uill i-unio whfii itii it wliiili vva- lackitiK on ymir part ihi'v lie -liall Iia\c riiininhnt Imii' lia\r I ! \.'at' '.i >r. -t iii'l fa-t in the faith, iS l-'^r tin \ Ikh 1 ni'n-lh il tin -iunt )|ii;t will liki- iiK 11, In' ••ttoiin- ami vmirN l!nrr|..ri- ai kiii w li ilm \f 14 I < i all y>ur things l)o rfone with thorn that arc stirh. charitv. h«pt stay, or even epend the winter, in jioiiit of fact he si)ciit Ihnc iiimhiIi, 111 (Irmi- ( Alts XX. ,U -that YOU may j send me oil upon any journey that I may take - - .II I n-aliiti ami cm ii Kunii- uin- at I till- iniii- III III- till ■imlits (Ai-i- M\. .Mi l III' (liu- iiiit no ilini't li> llu- -i-a iiiulr Iriiiii |-'.|il!i--ii- til (.'i.tiiitli. littt tir-t ti> Mai-riliiiiia. anil tlun vniith. Ti'ii i- in Imili la-i - iiii|iliatii' ; lu Iiiiniir> tlii' < '1 ^riiil liian- li> liiiikiiii; ti> t!i, m fur lu^ -i iiil ulY." VoT I do not wish to see you now nu ri ly in passing, a- I slimilil urrr I in t;i> lu .M.u-rilcima via ( Miin;li; for I am hoping to stay with you some Kiuitli ui time, should the Lord (proliaMy Christ. ratluT than Gii(l) peririt (of. iv. i')>. But I shall stay on in Ephcf 's till Pentecost — Wliit^iimiilc : he is w.. iiij? pniti.iMy m early spring. For a door- -an opportunity for preaching the gospel (Col. iv. ; J Cor ii. 1 J)— great and effectual, » open to me, and opponents there are ^nany. I'aul's reasons for remaining on char acteristif, — a great opporttniity anil great opposition: liow j;reat the opposition may he nieasiifiil liy the riot which compelled him to leave ( .\cts xix». Coiucniiitg Tiiiii'thv diid Afiolli's (xvi. 10- "ij>. 10-11. If Timothy, ulnnn I', ml IimI snit III I'l.rintli ( iv. 171 li\ ua;. "I M.n i' ili.ni.i ( Ai-'s \i\. JJ) with I->,i-tM-. should corr:C, see that he be with yon without fear - lu- w.i- yminL; .•iiul may lia\ r lu i-n tiniiil. t -pfi-i,ill> in \ u \v uf tlu' t nriiillnaii fai-lioii- ami 1 nrlnili lu-i — for he is doing the work of the Lord (n\ 5'^) like my- self. Let no man therefore despise him, but send him off in peace, v, hImiii -trite and contention, that he may come to me, for I am expecting him with the brethren -i illur till' liretlireii i-niiif lu -idi - I'.r i- tiis. Alts XIX. -V ) with liniotlu, or "I \\itli the lirethren," i.e. the Cormthian ill I. M.ltr-. 12. But concerning ApoUos uli. ii' li.- till' I> ri'i iii.:ni. t - .1- the brother. .1 ru.il li iji. I earnestly enf-erted him to come to you with the brethren ui.. uiMiM >. «liii. ill -pile tlif Corinthian party cries, were on ill!' In-t of terms. Iiijunctiitti, r.iilrriitv, and Thanksjiitin:^ (xvi.' I.? iH). 13-14. 'rill' .ilinipt adni'iiiitii 111- lli.at f.'l- Iiiu li.iM' .1 -t iMliiiL; crtiTl. ;iiid -iTm' tu ri'liiitnl llu- ( I 11 11 till. Ill- (if their lii'settmii u e;ikiii'--(s Watch- iliiy wfri' i-aril. --. a-liip: stand in the faith d i \\ ;Si llu'ir f.-iitli. e u. i'l ill'' n-.tirrt'eiioii !■ ui I" ' 1 iin-ittlrd (XV. (-I ; play the man. n ' till' li.iliv I \!\ JO' show yourselves vig- orous, nut ilahlix ; let all your (doings) ! be done in lo"»! - tli.i! i- tu 1" 'Im .iIiim-- IP*. ''IT .iii'l ill- :i".i!iuii .lil a.li'.i'i 1 \iiM 15-18. Now I beseech you. brethren: ye kn.iw the house of Stephanas wliii-!". I'anl li.i.i l.a|iii..il d im that ..l'-i. 'jarditiu' um- 1 .r 1 - ■ il.r •''! . . .iu. i ■ - . \ i ^ wii it is the first fruits of Achaea I I .!- I'"p:iriir'ii- «.i- III A-ia. Iv'uiii wi -I, ! and ih ii they set themselves to minister ; to the saints ;iiiiiarently tlir tainih w.i- j well to llu: I lieseech you, tlun, that you I roKIXTIUAXS. [Vu, XVI iij I lu' churclH'* of Amh «*aluic >aUui- yoti imich in x\u- l.iinl, with thv tliurrh that i> m their hiMiM' j.» Ml >' ji 111. IIVMI ll.lllll till' litt thti n i^n • I yoll. (jri'Ot ■iliiT tttili a huly ki»». - iliitatioii III »)•' i'liil Mith tiiiiic J J If a»iv man love not the Lord Jeotit C hrist, h t fiim he Anatlu-ma. Maran atha j,\ I lit- Kraci- i>f our lj»r«l Ji'sus Christ /■i' Willi >"n j| M> I. .so /v with >iiu all m l'hri"*t JiMis. Amen. on your part < * >• i subject yourselves to such il ii. liiiU >.rK;iiii/atiiin aN yit til Ml, jHt. Iml vitili Wire llu' iiifii who ilt>-(r\iuiii/»' Iraili r- (lun- \M- lii.iy tiiitl liir iillu-c "if ili at'on m < iii lii>.i. if. K.-iii \M 1 1 and to every one that joina in the work and toils. And I rejoice at the presence of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus < "t uh' in we Kti. \\ I, because the lack of you these lifiliiiii supplied, for they re- freshed my spirit and yours. 1 h. i .•nn WtU ill! Ill»rl\ !„■ !.■ Ih.ir llirir (Iclcviilc* ll.lM- ri'lli^luil r.iiil. " lli.it wliii'li l.ii'kiiii; <<\\ M iir p.nt " ■ I . . III. I Ml -o II I. \. ml li. r. iiir to I'w. i-artlivna ,i- lli,- '.1,1 . ■ \ ■». i >■ >i.ill flfU I "11 1 : 1 \ 1 1 r ' i Acknowledge then ami li.iii'>i men like these. I'ailiiiii Siilutiitiotis 19-24). 10-30. The churchea of — tho lamU .111 till' wf-ttTii vhnrcs of .\>ia Minor salute you. ".Ml \\hn oall <>n liu- n.iiiu- o| .'iir l.onl Ji'Mi?< C'lirivt " (i. .iic linihnn. Aqtiila and Prisca (of. K.>iii. \\i .0 or I'nMilla. whom Paul had t'ir>t nu t at t'.iniilli ( .\i-ts xviii. Jt. ami with uliom 111' h.iil snli~.i|mtnly Kotii- to KjiliiMis I \it- will iSi I. salute you earnestly in the Lord, with the church that is at their house, .ilmh lluy li.nl imt at ti l' «li>.|iii-,i! .1 ( lin-li.iiiv I'.'r tlirir ni> 1 1 111K-. All the brethren m Kpl i Mi- salute you. Salute one aa'^*her with a holy kiss. Ilk ki~> lit irii'tiiNliip wa> «p«'cially .i,ro|iM,itr .iiiioiiK I liriolian* . l a >acrril tiiciiiniK. it i" a /i'>/.v ki». It iMitU' ill coiifM' of liliii- to Ik' al>u»»M|. 31-34. I'aiil iiow talM'> ilu' pill from hi* .ini.imirii^iv I I'f. Roiii, x\i. JJI ami ;ii|.l< a liii.l. 1.111 itii|M~-ioiu'(l po^t -I'l i|.| 1 . i' J III.- Ill 17. ii.il M III. The salutation of 111. Paul, with my own hand. If any man has no affection for the Lord, let him be anathema. .1. \. ■..! t.. .I. mi miioii ; tor Mitlioiit i.i t'l 1I-! I'liti- .'.111 1. 1 m> Iruf Iniitliil 1 111 1 1.1:1 .i.tixilv ol .my km.l. tarana tha, 1 ... " (or <'ii< 1 /">./. I .■III.'.' -.1.111- 1.1 It. r ill. Ill |o n ,ii| ■' M.ir.m .itli.i," I lir i..r ..ii/i /...n/ /i.i.v , . ii/i' I 1 1'. in till- llr-li lull III l!i r iiitrr pr. t. il .1- pi . .|.!ii 'u' p. 1 1 . w ill .i--iiri .ll\ .'oiii.. I. Ill,, pi.i'.i-r i.'iii,' «onli| lu' .•oinilioii (I'i Kr\ wii .H) I ailloiii; tlio-c who liopt.l for ami Ih IicmiI in ilu' -pi. ily .nlvi'iil of ji'siii. l.iki' .\lilia till' .\raiiiaic worils iii.iy liavf U'ln caught from llio t'.irly illscipli's. ami wmild proUalily In- fa- niili.ir to (;ri'i'ks, Tlu" prayir lun- aiMs .1 I. rrililo lariu' tiu' prepared for thi' iiriii ilii'!i..n the grace of the Lord Jesus be with you. Nml 1- . i n-iin ami r.-proof li.iil lit II --.irii\ [..niu'I .1 1..i,l;i |.,ir! of tlii'- ilM-lli'. I'.iiil t.i.tliilly am! t.inl.rly l.iiM-": my love be 1 or i.v 1 with you all ' imt Willi !lii. r.inliiu' or .'my otli.'r party . iil\ II iji in Christ Jesus; lii-- Iom- tor tin I'm I- ii"t iiu r. I> n.itiir.'il altci'tioii, I Christ is its fiiiiiiilatioii and splicre. SECOND EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. I utrodiiction. It tiiifortnnatc tliat tin- i-pi-lli- wliicii is in niaiiy way^ tlu- iiii>^t ititoro^t- iiiL:. it i- llii- iiici-t liii i;^ra|iliical, of .ill ilu' cjii-lli'^ of I'anl. ^linulil hi' lit ~i I li\ niitiifnnis ])ri ililiiiw wiiicli. willi tlic incai^iT data at utir (li>i)(»al. jirai lii ally iii-i Iti tlio New 'IV^taiiKiit as in the < >M. vvi- >uffcr tnmi till' frai,niH'iitary tialnro of our -onrct"'. ilistorifs. propluvit"-. j^ospils, (■]ii-iK- wcw wriitcii ] iii;n,iril\ for aiirifii! ri'mUr^, not for u- wlio are alar oil Ik. til in tiiiH' ami iilavi'; ami what to u^. in oiir ii^norania.' of the eon - temporary sitnation. i- and nnist for ever remain ohscure or tmcertain. to them, wilh ihrir kiiowIedL^e of ili.it -ilu.ation, inn-l liavi- lieen often iioi onlv inlelliL;ilile. hut ohvion^. j'.ut. hy it-~ very constitution, the human miiitl i- j;overni'ii hy the doire to a-eertain tlie se(|iu'nees of liistory. to diseovir the interrelations of recorded fact^ : and wliere the records arc meaijer. tlicvi i- a naliU'al imjjuKe to till \\\\ li\ CMiiircture or hx ilie u^e of the historical iiii.i^iiiation. the .i;a|is whieh the scanty material at our dispo-.d liirmits Us to till up in no other way. We nuist only heware of assutnini; tii.'it our coiiiieliu-e has the \:i!;!e of ctr!;iinty. In ilie inter\.il ln'twieii the de-]iatch of the first and -(.(diid e])istles ol r.iiil to the (.'orinthian-, many tliiiiu~ of ^r.ive importance mn-t h.ive happened; hut tiie-e we are left to infer nio-tly from the data furnished li\ ilic r]>'-iK- llkiii-rK ; ;md. i- imiNcd h\- tile peri'lexiiiL:' \arieiy of opmiou aiiioiiiL;- scholar- who li;i\e L;i\en tlu- i]ii-ile~ the iiio^t niimili' .and carifitl attention, and even hy the nioiliiic.ations which some have heen eoii-l 1. lined lo mak»' iijioii their own earlirr opinion-. tli..-e dat.i ;ire cajiaMe .if widi lv dill, n ut int. riT. i.ition-. Tlu one thiiiL; that -land- mt, clear and inili-]iiilaMe i~ iliai tin- -iiuaii.in implied hy the -ecoiul episiK- i^ much more intense ih.m that of the tirst. The tir-t is relatively calm, the secmnl i-- teii)|n-l IIOI!-. 'I'lieu .lie hinl>- in tin- livt that I'aiil"- a'illi''rit\ and :ilio>tle-hip have luesi .hall' iiu;ed { \\. I f. i : in the -ecoiid, the ileiiiaK .if that aulhoritv have lu-cotne e\i>licit an11os." arc uu lonijor heard; but 118 IXTKoDli TIOX. men who claim li> lin-.iK:ii. w , : r ilic pn .|ia:;.iiiili-t - ..| an iiiiiiwc ami Ti.irrow Juilai>iii,' clin-i ianii_\ . 1 In 11 iiulhocl-- wiu' •liiiiiriit from thove of the propai^aiidi^l-' in < ialatia. for liu y havr iiotliin;.; lo -ay ahout rirriiiiK-i-ioii ]H rliap- 'lir\ fi ll the irn li \aiuT of ilii- in llic ln-c atmo>plK'rr of < iri'ivr luu. fnv that mtv iia-"n. tlu u a~-aiilt \\a- all tlii' more i)lan>iltk', and, jndi;niL; from tlu' \atu-nuMu-e with which I'anl npeU it, it is dear that he recoi^nized in n a -ra\r :iu naee to iii- i.wn work. i'.viTvwhrrc lir wnil. hi- -trp- were h\ ili<-.' nun. uIm iiln-r.l 1,. ilo an\- pioiKiT mi— ionary \m ak of llnir <'\\\\. inu \\\h< -iipinil in in appro priate re->ii1ts reaman and hi;.;oted view- of t hri-tianity. This development hetween the two epistles is a- ;^M>od a- eert.iin, hut was there anvthinf,' el-e? 'I'lie letter hei;in- with yreat enioii.m, m whuh we niav -ee rillcrled -oine of ilic ]H-ri!ou- and rrtirial r\p( iiiiu. - iluon-h which I'anl li.i- hecn recetnly pa--inii. At I'.plie-n-. winch lu had lilt not loni,' l)efore, he had been face to face with death ( i. H) : the -itnalioti. whatever it wa-, had hcen ;i di -]H raie one. and il wa- only li\ du' nnracn- lon- diliviTance of < ,od that he had come ont of it alive, lie had jin-hed on to I'roa-; and ea^^er a- he ua- to win mei\ f-T the L:o-ptl \\\ -ea-oii anil ont of season, and splendid as wa- the opp. .nnniiv alToi.!. d Tio.t-. t ii. IJ). lu- wa- -o nci'Min- and i xciicd lncau-i- lu- did iioi. ,1- la- had hoped, meet 'I'un- ihere, that he conl at once to itlcutify it with the first canonical e|)i>tlf to tlie e orinthiaii> : hut as ajjainst this, it tniist not be forgotten that in all prolKibility. several letters would pa— hitwien Paul and the Corin- lliiaii-. < till', uhiili h.i- not lucn ])ro^iT\ id, alhided to in i C"or. v. m ; and liis oppoiKiit^ adnnt that \u> U-ttt-rs are inijiro^ive {j Cor. x. lol. I lie real •inestion is. whether the first epistle an>^we^s to the description ijivcn in chs. ii. anil vii. A- tlii^ i- a!)-olui»lv dtiiied In ^onie >eh. and maintained liy oilur- to he lurleitly po->ilile. the quotion comes to be largely one of our conception of proltahility. Would I'aul. we have to ask, Ik? likely to regret havintr written so noble a letter as the first epistle? and i> it reasonable t.i -tippo-e tliat lli.it letter a>uh\ have lueii written with aiiL^tii^h and tear- r 'i'lie^e terms certaiidy >eem -troni;, if n>et epi>lle ; hut are they Uhi stront:? While there is much in that epistle that could Ik^ descriln-d as •• e.ilm and kindly." there are iias^ai^e^ which -o ethically -cn-itive a man a- I'anl mn-t liavi' written with keen emotion, especially those wiiicii deal with lilt iiu cstiioiis man, with the carryinij of cases Ix-'forc the heathen courts, and with the heinonsnes> of immorality (v.. vi : cf. xv. .^41. With retjard to tlif iitlu r jioint. jierliaps wi' nui^lit imt to prcs- ton vi-;«iri>usly the statement that I'anl rej^retted liavinj; written it: sucli wonU rise readily to his upon, aft'ectionate heart (2 Cor. vi. it) especially now that he has been cheered bv the new- of their reptntatu-e. and he may nuan im more than that he rcLjrettcd tile pain hi- letter had i;iven them, it cannot he said, liowever. that, s,, far a- these allusions -m, the case for the identification <.f the letter with I'irst Corinthians is overwhelmingly conv-ncing. ^ iiio>t, it is jwissible: helot e \\r can -av wlutlier it is probable or not. we shall ha\c to consider the contents of the letter. On the streni;th of the letter, the (. orinthians. at least the tuajority of them ( ii. appear to have severely punislkd sdnie one who liad done wron;^: I vii. 11. IJ) — ^ sn -i veii lv incit ed that I '.nil ii"W interi>oses on his behalf, asks them to for:.;ive and comfort him. and confirm their love towards him (ii. 7. Who can the offender Ik-? If the letter written with tears he tlif lirst epistle to tli' ( orinthians, then the olTender will n;itnr,ill\ he the incestuous man oi ch. v. in that chapter. I'anl in the severest terms cf. ver. 5 ) Jiu«l insisted upon his excommunication. I'ut. as there was already disaffiKlton ill the air. fonienteil still further liy the malevolence of his lud.ii-tif o]>iionents. he m.iv well have ilitridkd the i^ravest .louhts a*- ti' ilie reatliiK'ss of the Corinthians to acknowleil.L;e his authority and coi;ij.!> ,\ith his reque-^t ; an-l. now that Titus brin«j>; back the news of tlivir quickeiietl mond sense, and of iluir /e.il f'lr the purity of the cluirch ris diown 1>\ the |>uiiishmenl t>f the otYender; now that they have proved themsehcs to he pure in the matter ( vii. III. and obc«lient to httn in all iNTRonrcTiox. 121 tliinj^> ( ii. [)), he i> more tli;m i>vcrji>yc"l. and, a> the ot't'eiuler himself iias shown siijns of the deepest contrition (ii. 7), I'aul i> as eaijer now to have him reinstated a> lie fcirmerly ua- have him exi^ ■iiiinimii.Mud. lint the identitication of tlie nlVeiKlcr of j t^or. with tlie inee-ltious per- son n{ I Cor. hccomes less certain when we look more cIomIv at the desiriptinn of him. I'anl declare^ in vii. ij that he wrote the letter "not for tlie >ake iely for hi> >ake - " that the ^jiirit may he -^aved in the ilay of the Loril |eiil'fered the wmiiL; " ( vii. 12). I'anl apparently ha> j^odd rea>on to feel specially a;;- urieved ( ii. 5), hnt thonj^h most ileeply wounded, he has already mo»t freely and Inllv f"rL;i\en. iia- L;i\eit ri^e I" tlu- icn->ed afterwards 1 i'aul li.id heeii i;i(>s^iy insulted hy some one. and had afterwards demanded reparation in a letter written with an.ijuish and tears; the demand had heiu s, , /cidnn-viy .nce.Kd to hy the now penitent coii'^^recatii m that I'aid prays fur cleiiieney uropriate to such a crime couhi not iiavi' hien so swiftly anfl completely reversed, fhtt the art,aiment is hasty. The sinner wa- clearly not indirfereiii i^' the wrdicl pidnotmced upon him. there is a danmr that lie ma\' he " sw.iH, i\\ td up widi his uvermtich -orrow " i ii. ~); and simire penitence Xvotild nio^t natnralK he nut hy com|iUtt furi^ive- nes-<. which Paul hestow- as "in the presence of t'hrist " ( ii. 10). In a true sciist\ the re;d oldect nf the I'xci 'ininunic.i'ioii w'.as " ticither f' ir the s.'ike of him that dirohahility that the letter written with tears was the first epistle to the ( orinihian-. The complicated (piestinns raised hy the allusiniis to the " letter " arc still more !.;ravely complicated hy allusions to his visits to forinth. in spite is the third time / iiiii rrijilv to i-oiiie to voii " ( \ii. iji it i- n-a-ou.ilily certain that hefore he wrote the second I'pisile he hatl airead) heen in Corinth twice, and is now contcmplalinn a thinl visit ( xiii. 1 ), which he IXTlJODrCTlON. carrirc! mit ( Act- xx. j f. I. — indeed lir wnli - llii- opi-ilc on tlic way ( ix. 2, w. I I. lie -av- expressly — the 1aiij;ii.'iL;e rapahle ni' o inlcniplaud. a- - suppose, in I ( "T. iv. iS Ji. — iiad hien a very i>aintiil one — ( (or. ii. 1): he Iiad been completely humiliated by the imehastity and inipenitenee of niatiy ( xii. JI I. Where are we to plare thi- vi-it and has it any cuniiection with the leiter writtiii in ani^iii-h and tear-? Tnere is a larL;e body of opinion in favor of the idea that the second virinth, Act- xix. j.'i. or liec,iu-e he intended to prolont; hi> -tay in l'i>hesus a little beyond his original iil.iii. ( >n reaching: Corinth, he tiiid.s the i>revalent inood anylhiuL; but iriciidly. the cliiinli -itimu I} di-iurbed, hi- iul'iieiici' miderniiiied .and hi- .aiitliority i']ialierii;ed by lii- juilai/im^ opp lunt-. Till- would then lie tile visit which he had made in pain, the occasion upon which his Cod had humiliated hint. The air was rife with calumny and iusult, a- in any case we t^ather from x.-\iii.. and -onie one. more darini,' or viruletit that' the re-l, publicly insulted him (this would then be the man " who die;ir.iiu'e w.i- altoL^rtlur inelTective. and went to ju-tify the taunls of his adversaries ( x. 10). lie left in .-orrow and iudi,!,niation, and afterwards wrote the letter whose severity he was inclincfl to rei^ret. Titus, appar- entlv the most eueri;etic and diiilomaiic of {'aid's co.id jutors. went to t'or- intli eiiluT with or utatiou and ruin his inllueme. ( >n thi- view the letter would not be hirst Corinthians, but one inter- medi.ite between the tir-t :ind -econd epi-tles. The proposal has been maile to identify this letter with the last four chapters of the -ecoud epi-tle (x."\iii.l which undoubtedlv f- in reaUty no valid reason for separating elis. x.-xiii. finm tlie re^t of the - pi-tlo. ThiTe can he iii> dmil)! lh;il, on tlii-~ -.i-lunu' ><{ iMiit^, ilu' I'litiK- iiitiT- inediate vi>it. followed hy liie >e\ere iiiit -mi-fs,iiil Ittler. pre^etit^ a very plausible eonibination ; but it cannot In? saitl to be absolutely nece>sary. If the letter wliicli \va-~ written in sorrow and inodiut i\ e of -oiiow may l.iirly l)e identified with the tir-t epi>tle — and i'.ernard i> certainly within the truth when he >ays that "it ha> not been jiroved that the ' Painful Letter* of J Cor. ii. 4. vii. 8. eatniot have been the I "ir>t I'.pistle " — then one link in the chain i-- weak, if not lirokiii. \nd. a- thrrr were certainly two and no evidence hut tliat of inference for an intermediate vi-it. tlic possi- bility must be admitted that both visits fell before the first epistle. The second eiiistle wa~ |irol)al)!y written a tew month- aftii ilic tii-t. somewhere in the laily winter of the same y»'ar (? 37 A.I). I. \\ i' find I'aul in Acts \\. ^ leavini; ( .nece. after his third anli(-iis alM)Ut the end of the precedinj; }ear. As we have no rea-on Ut lii'.ieve that his journey from l-".|)hesus to i'orinth by Maeedimia ( .\c's xx. l, 2) oceupiei! any considerable Icnu'li of time, we may faiily as-iime tliai i'.iiil left I-'plu'sUs in the autiunn — later therefore th;m he had ori;>;inal!y planned, as he iiail iiiteniled to >tay in l'".i)hesii- only till I'eiUecost [ 1 t or. xvi. St. This letter, which was written from .Macedotiia ( I'or. i\. _' I w clear that the tnatter had already been .heir mimls and that they ha naturally into three I'arts; lai chs. i. vii.. which, while embracinii a variety of personal m.Uier-. deal in txeneral with the t;lory of the new dispen-;ii ion a- i-oiitra-leil with the oM ; ( lu eh-, \iii.-ix. constitute a i)lea for a liberal colleitioii for the |iid.i-.m poor; ici *hs. -xiii. are a very spirited vindication ition of the lettiT. as ileimiii jM inis out, is vry skilful. The jia-s.-i^e dealing' with the i-o!lection for llie I'lda'an jionr. placed a- it midwriy iR'tweiii llic other two, on the i^tie hand seaU the claim to authority which I'aul has luade or implied in the first section, and prepares for the |>oU'mic ■ii^;iiiis! his Indai-tic oi-.ni ini_nts in thi' ilijrd. hcsiiles sn'j;ji s!n!;_' !!!' I'ieniallv. hy his .luectionate sulieitude for the JtKkean |)oor, tiiat, wh.iie.er 1 pen charges or covert iu>inuati«»ns his opponents may make, there is no quarrel between himself and the leaders of the Jerusalem church. The presence of the opponent.s, who occupy the forcKround in the last 124 IXTKODUCTION. «livisinii of t!u' qii-tlo, i-^ fvcii in tlio firvt clivisioti not unfell. It is they who ili.il Willi llio wopI of lioiicst tradt'Miian ( ii. l"). ii I- iluA wlio coiiu' 1.1 ( ..rniih witli liit. r- of iiioiiiiiUMKlatioii ( iii. 1) and tlir i"ini;i-t lut wu M ihc |k rm.UKiHH' of tin- iKw rn>ation and tlu- transiiMuo of tlio old (iiii !•> in ont- ;i->]n-c\ an indinct ]M)Icniic ayainxt thcMi. I'"vi ii after in.ikiit- r\\ ry allowanrr for tlir -arca-m and tlu' vrlu'inrni-e miIo wliiiii I'aul'^ ri.L;lito4i^ nidi;;nation hiirav- liiui. In> cliari^o >ho\v tliat >onK' of tluir initlioils wore a^ odious as tluir il;o-.]ii1 was faKe. It was another popel. ditU rrni from I'aid^. a i,'os|)el with another ^jiirit. tliat tlie\ |>reacheriatin,t; and ])ervertiniL; the re-nlt> of hi-- !al)ors 1 x. i(>l. luit takini^ '^ood care to hreak no new trronnd for the t;o-]>el on their own ac- eotint. in \i. tln' indiriment take^ a form of nnn-nal ^e\iiii\ ; lie ealK tluiu lluic " fal-i- apn-iK -. crafty worker-. tran~forniinLV ilieni-clve- into ajiosili-s (,f I hri^t. And no wonder; for eviii Satan traii-torni> liiin-elt inlf) an anirel of htjht. It is iiothini,' reniarkahle. then, if his iiiiiiistt'is also fa-elve-- a- niini-ter-- of riL;liteon-iie-~.'" 1 lio-r •' 1 Iclirt w -. 1-rael- ite-. of tile seed of Ahraiiam " ( xi. 1 are ministers of Satan! L'leariy it IS a ca-e of war to tlie knife. !,et us see now wiiat tiiey liad >aid or done to provoke sn velienniit a retort from I'aul. 'l'lu\ nimi]i,n aL;t' liini : i:n]ire--ive on paper, hut iuelVective f.ice to f.ice (X. lol. a hero at a di-iauce, hut a coward at clo-c (piarters (X. I i. I lis escape from Damascus over the wall was ai)parcntly used to make him ridiculous ( xi. 31 f. ). Vet, coward as he was, he liked to play tile txi ant I i. _V) I. 'i'liey t.iuiited liim with lii- lack of rhetorical -kill of uliicii ( ireeks 111. ide >o much 1 \i. 'ii. lie could lie iio apo-ilc lliis, they arijuetl. for he refused to accept Mipjiort in return for his services ( xi. 71. Dili not this very refusal hetray an uneasy consciousness th.it he wa- no :ipo-tle- wcr-e: tliey were mean eii'MiL;ii to iii-inu;ite that lie kiU'W liow to comi)en>ate liim-elf for any l.ick lie mii^iit suli'er llirou:.di hi- self- denyini^ |M)licy; he was not alnne helpinj; hinjself to the collection — if not directK. .it .-ui\ rate liirouuii hi- aL;eiii- 1 xii. Hi f. 1. InetTective. avaricious, cuiuuiii;. a tyrant, a coward, a cheat — ^as such did his oi)poiients choose to jiicture Paul; and when we see how venomous was their caricature, wc can hardly Iw surprised at the indijrnant vehemence of his reply. IX'I'I.N UU i riox. 1^;, [low viTv (liUcrciii I- ill,- iv.il r;mi: |i i- .li-li. .11, t i. inimaii natiiri' that MU-li a man a- In -li..!:!.! lur liavi- Ikvii aau-ol ,,| ii,.,,ki,l .l,.,!inu. J-:vc;-y MIR- UvN that lii-, wn\;U palpitate with -iiu-nily: th.v ar. |.,,krn a^ m \hv .,t" (,,.,1 (ii. 17. xii. I,,,, anil \u- , Np,v!~ tlioni t. ."appeal 1.. the un^Mplii.ticalol iMii^i-iciioo ( iv. j. v. li ). It lu' tn..,liru, , „- r,.\or-i- a plan which hi- has l>.niiol. linTf i-. wc may Ik- -mr. a .Urj. an.l siii-i.u v rcax.n P.r tlu- f]ianL;> : li.,u,s,r capai.ir hi. o.n.litrt mav Ik- ..| tni>o.n- Mriirtioii. howt-ver lial.K- i.. ilu rhar-<- ,.1 \aci!!aiiM„, h,. 1,V,'. jik,. Iii> Ma- ter'-, is inarknl l.y an iiii-.\vir\ in- inmr o .n-i-u luy. Id- i. ii.,t a man who ha> Vi-s ati oi in. (.i.]..Munt-. In -piii- of hi- mamt"..M MitU rin- - an.l sorrows, ho doos not Io,o heart: hi- >eii-e of the .L;lory of the .li^pen-ation of uhieh he is a niini~ier, and ,.f the yet hri;;hter i;lory that awaits him. hear- him iii-. He claim, to Ik- alwav- of -o,,,] o.nraLie'iv. o, S., and the varied an.l terrible dan,i;ers that he ha.l faeed uiili.uu tlmelnn- |.,r the !i,'o- JH-Ps sake would more than justify the mo-t extravai^ant claim- — dan-er- on lan.l. on river- an.l ..11 ^ea- 1 \i. jo ) . ( ),il_v a man ..f almost -niK-rhnman devotion to the cau-e which he eml.race.l wonld have v..lnntaril\ -ntler.d for it hardships so numerous and terrihle hnni;er. thir-t. cold, impri-on- nunt. stripes, stonini;. shipwreck ( xi. 2.^ (T. ) to say nothinir ,,f tiie continual exiKisure to mi-nnderstandinLr. tn-aclu-ry, and the -nhtler. Imt not le- cruel, forms of per-ecuti..n (cf. vi. 4 ff. 1. He can truthfullv de-crihe hi- life a- a continual oompanyinf? with death ( iv. 10 f.). In anodier a-pect. it i> a warfare: with the mi-hty weaii..ns of the -pirit he fearle-dv faces tho-e •• hit^h thinijs," in which both Ilelleiii-m an.l Jn.lai-m alike aiM.,m.le.l, that are exalte.l against the biowled-e of ChI. .m.l k-a.l- them captive ( x. 4 f. ). In all this hi'^h enterprise, he was sustained hy a profomid sense of iiis mi-ion a- m ap..-tle ..f ( hri-t je-n- thr..nL;h ilu- will ,.f C,,]" ( i. n. His (io(l--iveii "line" wa- to carry the i^o-pt-l to the (ieiitile-. to .*>;yria. to Greece, atnl heyond Greece { x. \G) to the fartlie-t western contines' of tlu- w..rld (Rom. xv. 24). He moves fr..m jilaci- i,, pl.ico m his trimnphant missionary career (ii. 141. c.msci.ms that he lia- Ik-cii en;il,le.l !iv the -race of God to Iw a C(^mpetein mini-ter of C'hri-t (iii. 3 f. 1. ;tn.l he -ee-^ the -ncc<-— of his work with a deep and humble s.itisfaction. " ^'ou are our i pi-tle," he say- to the ( ". >rintliian-. "known and ri-;i.l .if all men" (iii. j); h,- tii.-.N and asks for no iii^dier n-comsnendation than tlu-t. !lr i-. pr.^iid ,,i i.i- Corinthian converts, he trusts them, he has n,.t he-itated to b.ia-l about them (vii. 4. 14. ix. V) an.l he is ovcrjtned when, hy their exhibition of true C"liri-tian feiliiiL; an.l conduct on a critical ..cca-ion, they have shown to the world that he but sixjkc the truth (vii. 4. 14). 126 INTHODLTTIUN. He i> a mail of tlic imniM-t ^vInl.atllv. Hi -Inirc- tlu- wcaktu- ..l tlie wrik .1.1.1 l.urn- w.ili in.li-nant Mi:mu- \\Ikii a l.n.tlKT i> cau^lil m ihc MK.r.'nt >in (xi. .>.>!. Ill' l"vi- lii^ o.nvcrt. , xi. ill. he will most gladly ^puKl ami ho six-tit for tluir .oiils (xii. 151 ; a.i.i .K\r. wa> there a ha^cr .I.umKt iha.i wlun it u.is hinte.l tl.at lu- li;u' lulpol lii.itMlt to money which tlu v li.ul o.lKrtnl for the poor ( xii. \'> i. 1 - it tiot yom-.. - he >ays. " hut v,ui ih.il I ^eek •' ( xii. 14). The won.Krful .lelicacy of his miml comes tuit in the pica which he make, for a lilural colKction t'or the poor ot jnda'a. Mom v i~ m vrr oiice nu n! ioiuV, : i lic coiitrihulioii he solicit^ is set m the bright lii^lu oi ( hriMian priviK-e iviii. ix.i. it> spiritual value is Kl"r. -'ii'l Corin- thian lilK-ralitv is sliniulaud l,y Iniii- l.ron-lu into o.nipari~on with the in- nniie om.K-ceuMon oi liiri-t in exclian.^in.u for their ^ak.-. tlie heavenly riclie- lor the i.overtv of an earthly c:ireer ( viii. <)). Me speaks to his frieniK out of lii. , ilnr., of l.i^ w.inn. o|Kn luait ( v,. Ml- hut wluiT the .K-.-aMon .KinaiM- it. he i^ a iiiaMer of in.ny. Disap- pointed at tile ease witli uhuii ilie Corinthian, have allowed themselves to he inipo-^ed ui)on hv his opponent^, he ironically In-jH-aks an iudul-enl iuariii- for himself as. lik. a i..oi. li. roounls .lann-: tluir patience \Mlh his ,,,,pomMits >hows thai liuy toliTate foojs with pleasure, and well liuy max. .is tii. v are so wise themselves! ( xi. K^io). He is a hrave man. he admits elsewhere, hut he has not ilie ><.urai;e to co,npa,v luu.-rh with his ,,,,,„,„ents- in hoastin- he knows well that he is no malcli lor tluin ( x. 1 1.1. !U- sarcasticallv su--ests ili.at he was p.-rhaps o„il,y of a sin in accepting,' n.. remuneration from the t orinthiaus for his services as an evan-ehst (xi. 7), and a-lss iliem to fori;ive hini tlii- u roni^ 1 xii. It is ,Kar from ex].rcssions like these dial the tension hetweeii i'aul and ilio t nruithi.m church must in the recent past have heeu very ?,'reat. A.iy resentment of his authoritv that mav have heen created hy his ,hi.ii; order in the fifst epistlr , eh. v. I re^ai-diiiL;- tlte incesttious ,n;m. wouM . . .Wp'.N inteiisifie.l hv the ludaist.c ai^itatois. and this accounts lor the larije space dev..te.l 1.. them in the sccoml q-istlo (x.-xiii). He has. as with the (-.al.-itians, to assort viuorousU and unauihiLMiousIv that apo^fiic .lulhonty, which iiad Imvu conlVrivd nj-on liiin \'^ die l.onl ilmisdf. and wlios^ nUimate ohject was tlK- •• editicaiion." tiie updmildin- ..f the church ( x. 8. xiii. 10). He had no alternative hut to deal severely with his oj)ponents. for the honor •md the safetv of the L^ospol were .it stake. I hev were preachin- anotlier l.,,.pcl ( xi }) uiiich was no -ospd (cf. C.al. i. <>. 7) : and the dee], contrast rKiueen ilie two d.ispc-usatious represented respectively hy himself and them, is over present to his mind, and siini^s him into an ass.ndt upon all who would wantonly rob Christianity of its froetlom and its ylory uii.). He INTKUULCTIUX. 127 speaks witli i)lainiu'^-, witli fiarU^iu--. and with jw.uor. a- a minister of tlic new covenant ( iii. (i). ami an anil)a^snlor on behalf of l liri^t (v. _•(>>. The love of Christ constrains Iiim (v. 14)— Christ who i> the ^real imariia- tion and reahzation of tlie i)it wlio. tltoti^h He was ricli. yet lor our - ike> heeatne ]ioor (viii. mi, (. liri^t, tin- -iiiK " One (V. wlio died for all ( v. 141. t hrift, in ulioin the ol.l tiling- are pa^-eij away, and Iwhold! they iKConie new (v. 17). Christ the I'niajuipator. the Redeemer, the 'rraiiM'oriiier. the -loriou- L.^rd 1 lii. iS). It is thi- -,il>lime conception of c liri>t that explain^ at once the earnotne-- of i'aid'> i)ropa- Sanda, his solicitude for the churches that were tlireatened liy the insidious sophistries of the Judaistic agitators, antl liis nncoinproniisin^' as>anh n|M»n tlietn. The contrast inu-t have i)een very uarkahle between the pbvMcal weak- ness and the spiritnal power of I'anl. Tlie precion> trea-tire. as he s.-,id. was eontaiiud in an earthen vis-i! liv. -). I'.rateii .iiid brulMd a- lu- had been by land anea, worn down i)y iiis cea -elcs^ anxietv for llie clinrche- he had fonnded ( xi. jS), sntTerin^' from an inenrable infirmity winch impeded the proi,'ress of Iii- work 1 7 fT. ». he literally was dyinij daily, and often may even have looked, a^ h.is bei n >n--\ si, d. like a dxini: m.m. \\ \ what a Miperii impre>-ioii the epi-lle leaver npon ,,f s|.iriinal powir. He can accept with joy the refusal of an answer to one of the most detplv larnest ]ira\irs ot" hi- life, becan-e h\- luiremoved intinnitv will -ive llie more abundant scope to tiie operation of the i;race of t'hri-t wiilnn him ( S mi. He enjoys nniipie spiritnal experiences, in which tiie other world is as close and real to liim ;is tlii>. ;md the sdn^s uf j'aradise are as vivid as the ihorn that torments hi. ilisji ( 1 t'l". 1 : but lie fiilK conM i.>its of the special temptations to pride that accompany -jiecial .L;ifts ami e\i)eriences, and he has the ?rrace to interpret his intirmity as a },'ift i)f Cod. sent to prevent him from beiiiLT "exalted over-tnnch " ( xii. 7). He feels that thoui;h the outward man is decayinj^-. the iinv.iril man is beini^ renewed . III. 1 I" 'I. Miiir . . .11-. il.i: ii'ii ami -i'x 111 ulih-' , ..' i!,, .li'iuh ..I 1 .\lii'li ■'' ' mil,, uilli .•(II till- -.mil- wliuii .lit' 1" .111 /,. ,.. v..„ .11,-1 |H.;,.-... fr..,„ ^iiVrln.il' in III. '^iiVluni.: ..I »..• -mi. .y.i ..;v vx,;:,.f I..- 1 1. !;::';r;:;:;;;,,'^:, nun-US. aii.l llic t....! ..l Ml ..■•in..rt . .( \\ h.. .■..iiitort. ill 11- 111 -I'l • '"■ " ' talHiii. ttial w may I'r .iM. '■'■'"■■i' tlu'iii uliivli arc 111 ativ 11..11I.I.. I.> Uio -lilt, nim-, - I the God and Father of our Lord Jesus I 2 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus, passions and God of all comfort. I!ii> • ■ - . .1 1 .1 .... ...1. . 1 1 1. .t I. It 1-1 1 III t ini iiilt* ri-M I III I U t I I'Cl ,!„. rli..ii ..I 111- .ili..-ll.-liil>. llii'iiuli >iii..noiial I..yiniiiii« ri-, - -.iiI ul nrriil .x- ..„- lan in tlu- iiili...l.u-ti..n ici. . C.r. , ik , .f ,1 ,11.. r an.l uu u In. , ha. , ,1. „ n iul.T.-.l p.ri.liarl.v n.r.-ar.v I «ivvn I ant a , ^y. i .a - .1 1. •., . ■! a- . ( llMll ( y i..f I through the will of God, and . Mii.a- i .11- ; p! » n .1 ( • ■ > Timothy the brother. t..r uh.-. r.v. ,.- , .■..nt.nu.ill.v 1 ,.n -, 1 comforts us ,i„„ l,v'ilu- (•..rinthian- I'aiil lia-l .nhr-.-lt aii.l _ I .ni..ili> . .a J.^i. luu niil> n ,arr.a-...|al.l.- f. ar- (I Ot. Nva 10 1 ■ l„n-.ll 1 m all our aflliction III..1 .^ni.ial i„ „ ,,f linuitliv uitl. Ini.i-.lf l.'l .l.nnil.., r,n. 11m'. '^".^ -|.mi!iu1 ,. ,i, ,,, :,i,,,.,l , -Vr.-t .a '!...n h-n .siuia.iUT tlia! r..iia - 1.. I aiil 1- L.r tlu' ' ' ;V\ , . ... Unto'l..n.in ..l tli.- .•limvii,-. .ii.va. 0.11- the church of God which exists at Cor- !r ■ n that WE may be ahle to nth M ( .r i I together with all the comfort those that are m any affliction sa nts that are in the whole of Achaea: through the com ort w,th which we on , 1^ . . ( ,,,. , . . , 11 .1 I , our part are comforted by God: tlic triio l\'r lo'.'.r'nurrlv iln- .l.-Iru-l mtlu- o .inf. .1 irr 1- \w wlm-o .mn n-rnnv has , .ulilV. i„ „■., „■ (•..niiili. tlu- omiMii- ,.f,l...-. ,l:Miulvo.n,i..rh..l For. as the suf- J,V '.'.v ■' ■ 11 ■" ni'.i"!"! ^ferings of Christ abound unto us. s.-i-mu , , Grace to you and iii,,t ilu- l liri-iiaii i- iinii<-.| t.j his l.onl, and oeace from God our Father and the inu-t -har.' his i-xiicru no,; ot sorn.vv ( ^laL 1 Ir/ rhrist uf I I ,.r i i -U ^ -4 1- J"l"' -*"• ' -M^ so through Lord Jesus Chnst .it i t-r i 1 .u . ^^i^^ J^^^ comfort also abounds: it is llii-fii^^li Christ, nu--ci. ."C f'"- tlu- /'/,- /»(.• r..ii- in tniiun with llun. Tlu- Inic Chri-li;in ■ nist,.ss .1 < II). -li.Tfs alike in the sntTorni},' ami the cun- stilation — in the one .-iirci,, a.s tne Q-S. rih 1. tt< r ..pi 11- « tlh tlu- i-ii-t.miarv olluT. ^ j • tlianU-uiMii.: thi- tiiiu-. lu.w. v.r. lu.t for 6. 7- N?w if 've are afflicted, it is for ,,,,, ,.,„„iiii..n a.i.l piour.-- ni In- cnv.Tt- your Comfort and salvation - nn .-vpc (I (-,,r I nil which liiriii-h.-.l litilo ru ncc .iiahh'- nic to contP .n y . ' ^ " ^ '• Kroniul f..r cratitiul,-. Imt for hl.-sin« h.' .;""» this tnak. s f.>r y""r ^-"'^ '^"f stowcl upon himself. Blessed is (or be) if we are comforted, it is for your com- 128 t'u. I] II ('(miXTIIIANS. 121) 8 For WC wuiilil iimi, lirttlinii, Itavr >n,i ii> Win. ilrlivrri'il ii- from UHMt ,T iuiinr.itit nl iiiir Iri'iililr wImiIi . mu |.> !i- 4I, ill). ,iihI ii.'th ill l?Mr iti «li ■in vm- trust in \-i:i. iIkiI nm' w it r |iri-^-< > I •ini iih i> lliii wt'l \.i .1. Iimt in nri-. alioM- «lrtiii:ili. iii^"!iiiuli 'hi! ur .|r 11 il- ' i «|i:iirii| lit lilr - .1 .1. iiiir^iKi^. lli.il u 1- ^limilil 111.1 tniv! in m ~rl\is. Imt ill iir.iyer 11 M -. I ii ,1 I. M ill. 'ti mi, ,11 us I iiu-.iiir 111 111. my jirr^ "111 tli.iiik> may n In- l'> niii;t> <'ii mir litli.ilf fort, which shows itself effective t iui,itin- .1^ iViul-. :iN llii-y wiTc sti" ni .< I'/ i aIii Ii 1 itih t" il l III ihi 1 li'jli j llicir uiiii n !i 1 1 nil I 111 -111-. Ill ! lie I liniiii- >-i iii~. il.il 1. '11 1 ii.ilil. - ■'1,1. I- 1.1 ill-' .' I And our hope for you is steadfast, knowing, a> \m il". that, as ye are | partakers of the sufferings, so also ,in \r of the comfort. In !i..ili lApi j ri.iin -. tliiir 1- .1 I'.il ■niiiTnn .11 nl i!ii'| -.11111-. Mil- t'liiuiil li M I'll wliii'Ii ilif I 1 1 ,i!i-l,itii 'II lit A \. ill \ir. ') rc-t- ha- iin in.iiiii-cniil aiilli.inn ln't rr-!- nn a imi-i uiliin III' 1-ja-iiiii-. >■ 111. MSS, |i!ar.' llh- wnnl- ■"hIiu'Ii -limv- it- >.tiai!la-l.' allir iIk- ti'iii/oit ( ur suhiiliini ) in tin In-l clati-sf : otliiTs after tin- c,iiii/\'i l iii the sriiinil clan-f. K. V'. (-.u \Si-iiiiit i'lul Jjiirtl. which fnllnws tiic sccuiul alttni.i tivo, M'lnis pn-firalilf. niil-l haM III 1 11 ilr-in ia'r In li i\r lu i ii i|(-i riliiil ni -ill !i «iiii|- a- that we lluiiiyll i|-,«iirri 111 riaiiii- tn lir alilo In ilii It// tiiiii.^. Ill t'hri-l I I'liil i\ 1,(1 were m > weighed down exceedingly be- yond (ouri power, with the result that we, uli ' i 11 1.".. « i- ■ \,M r il. -|iair" ' I (lespaircii of life: nay. we ourselves have had the sentence of death within ourselves u. \\< u a- uihuI 11!. nil- ,1 1.1 ill ,■' i; 1 inr \ 1- (In!'- I 'I ■|ii Ti 11: \ I !-'i I t I •! till - L'l nil I h -1 11. 11 . U : ,■. 'il I .11 1, nil. '11 .1 -I'll .1 hi - ... 1 ■',. .!. ilriM '] II,- lUstrr.is ,111,1 III,- I' 1: i-lilll,-,' (I. .s-i 1 I. 8, 9. The KciuTal i< irii iii-i- 111 111- - 111. 1 iiiK-. I'aiil n u.- Ii..\. liii iiu .111- lit Kli'iUiilLT uli.it tlii- wa- - will till r, ;i- -..iiir -ii|i|ii .-<■, ■.[ ilaiiL^i I'l i'l 111 (lull rmilil lli.ii Ii.iw In. 11 il.i--ii| .1- mii- lit till' " -nltiriiiL;- i.| t liii-i." \ . r ' I . nr .'1 -Iiipu iTik III \i j;i. nr -I. nil' iiu iiKiit in ilii ri"! ,it l-!plii -u- 1 m\I. I lie iiarrali\r in .\i'l- ilm- 11. .t .i--irl tli.il . }';.-n!'- iit.^' \\ a.- Ill ila.nui.r. I'lii t! i- I'lTtaii! i tli.it 111- \\.i- till' iiliiirt nl iii.ilii;tiatit ,<]>■ ' pii.-itinn ;iiiil r\iii prr-riiilinii ii ('nr. \v. xvi, ()). .•iinl it li.i- III 1 11 -iiizi;i -ti li with , sonio jin ili.iliiliTv th.il :\ pint h.nl lii-i'ii fnrniiij ,ij;aiii>t his Iifi'. In any I'aso the ititiiuiioii into which he had het-n liroiight V II. ••I'll ii'. 1. ' , .It was that we minht have no conhdente in ourselves, but milv in liu .•.Mi-in.irin God who raises the dead, . ihI - ■ r.aii piit.'lin till li--ir 'iiiiiilii lit ililuiiiiii; I'liii ir. iin i/i ili//v .1 pi I II I Iir II I' i iiili' f \pi rii iii'i- hail lii'iti ,1 v;ria! -pin'n.il u.iiii I i f. \ii 7 ml. 10, It. I 111- iiiiraiMiliiii- iiiii r]iii-iiiiiii . | l-lii«ril ll|liill 1'- liy lllr;ill- It lll.r!i\ I pi I" - -1.11-1," I i' llV Illi .ll'- III till 11 pl iM I - tliniiilh this i;iM'- iiirui'tlv iiiiin-,;!i the m'tliT.il -1 ii-i', th;it till ( '. iniilliLiii- pi .iy tnr •niil will ri iiiiii- (i\i r tin- lU In rr.nui' of Paul. 130 11 COKIXTHIAXS. [Cii. I PAl'I/S DKrKNSK ACiMNST C'OklNTHIAX CHARGES (i. i-' ii. 17). 1^ For "iir rrjoicinK i* itii*. llir if^ti- niotiN Mr iiiir (iiti-CKiirr, lltat 111 >iiti|)luity and K""ll.v Miirrrity. imi with lU'^lily vm-. il.iiii. lull liy llir urace i>f >ii\t r^alii'ii 111 tin- u.irlil. ami iimrf al'iiiiilaiill> I'l v>>ii tt.inl l,\ Vi'V wr wnlf ii"iu' ciilur lliiiii;- milu ill. Ill what Vf ri .1.1 or a< kiM« li iim- ; atiil I tint M ^h.ill ai'kii'Hs ii iLt (\cn |.i llir fill I . 14 \- aNii >> liavf at kiM\\ li 'Im il 11- in ■ part, thnf we arc your rcjoicingt, even a» >«• :ihn iir,- ours in the day of the l-i>ril jc»iis. 15 And in flii* funtidi-nco I was tnimU-iI til i-iinu lii't'orc, that >!• miKht lia\ r .1 -111 'ii'l 1" n, tit : 1(1 And til l>a>- l y \.iii intii Mandi'iiia. anil 111 (■(iiiu' ayaiii imii nt Maciili'iiia iilitu ymi, and nf ymi In In- iirnttglil on iny way til ward jndca. //i.v (.Vii.-rii/ Siiii.-iiiy ti I.' i4t 'And I hope that ye will acknowledge to the end, re. tn tin- «ri-at day nf (!liri--l'i Tlif iiit>n- you nation- and acni-atioii'. or 'li- I'.iii "i tlu- ours, in the day of our Lord Jesus, tlu' ('orihlliiaii- liaM' tliiown I'aiil ii|i.in In- i1,i\ ul.rii I U- .iplnai-, anil t!'. irtith di-ffii-f. Ill' li.iil Ill-Ill ai-i-ii-iil of a linir- .I'l.'iU liiiiii.m 1 li.ii.uli r .niil n: .t!\. will •mTMIIU m-itu'ililv 1:1 111- r. 'I n-iuind. lu'c hr lii:,iil\ .itid ili illy riAi.iliii Itii!) a and \ acill.itii .11 in In- (■'■!!. Inn. .iti.j In- '.,/, ka, ii.'iM CMiitriniil.iti ri |inili.it. - tlh- i li.ir.i;r wHli dicinl\ and li till rn.lunii 111- m| -lu'li .1 ' u l 1 iiniili 111 111 :l..r iii I,;'. S- iiu- lii"" >it)ioi s i llu- 12. I 111- -/'ip i-.iniuit- till- p.ii iLT.ipli t ■ ii inll.ian- .drr.Mix .1. kr -a li iki- I'.inl'- il..-i!\ uMli \]!v l.i-t Ik -'ill loiik- t" llir -nuriin. Iln\ arr )>r"';.l ■ ! Inni. .I'll In- ( . iiini lii.ii I- I'll- ill! -iippiirl ol III' ir 1- piou.i ot tluiii iil \i;. 1 ). i\. J> -i pi.n,!-, 'I .ill li'- Iil'r li.i- npi 11 • t...tliil .iml yiiu r. m- .ukiio« li iluim nt. -t.nnp .'I ' r. Ill -pit. Ill -iiirrrir>. For our ulmli -Ii..\\- imu n.il u.i- tiir r. .niinniiMii boasting is this, the testimony of our lutvMin 1' nl ami In- v iuii - A \'. conscience .1 n-.inhi r.u'liritl -pc-iainl A. K. \. piiiuiu.iti' dilli ri 111 > . lint llii.' ii.ill> -iii-i'n. I's ! - i.liM.-n to t'liri-t i j^n-ncral sciiM.' Is the >.inu'. iMi 111 I that in hohness ilu r.irr i (i-,ii.r7)T. 1- niofr liroliaMc tll.ni ri~\"T-qTi. ' .\:)iif!i. :i\ . -iiii;li 1K -- 1 and sincerity be- I'liiil's Siiu rniy in . /'mki.'-'Ii/ii..; llts fore God 1 In. / «iod iitlu r niip.n t. d li> i <>i 1^^111,1! I'Lin t i. 15 .'.m. (iod a- a Kilt ol His uraci-. cf. m\t cl,ui-i ; or -lu-h a- r.in -land in tin- inr-i tu i- of 15, 16. .\ftiT airirniing llir K'-'ii r;'' ^i"' (;od» land) not in ..n atnio-plurc of iinty of In- lilV i ri«<'Tpa..'.i)ioii.iry .11 !i\iiii-> li.id >o ii-,\ 1 l\ ai ■•i.'ti tin- a--nmpti"ii t'l.it (|iiaitit>i| liiin. but more especially in iti\ f,.i, i.n- in hi- -inr i rit> And iii i! is < on- relations to you iKoaii-t- tlirmiKh In- fidence my oiii;in,il intention w^s to l.iiii: -t,i\ in ("ormlh. tlu- ( ■irmihi.m- h.id i come to you din i t before if in; to l.irerr • ippoi t iiiiiln- ol wiltn .-iir'. In- sin | \larrdoiii.-i : iii-'i.u! oi iln-. lu' it. id v;o'ii' CiTIIV. j tir-t |o MoiiM ,1 1..; \v- 31, .illii 13,14. For we write nothing else to you \MinM ilm- -n- I'l.riinli only oti lit- but what ye read or even acknowledge \t,i\ -Mtitli. «liit.:i- had hr v,' 'tn- iir-t i" ill iit\ liitii- to \on lliifi- .irr no -'iidnil r.ni'l'i. lii- \'. ■ ild h.iw |>,ii.l tliriil :i .imi."jMitii -. llir -iitf.irr mr.intiiL.' i- t!-i- Irnr ,/,■/('■'/ \ i-il ;it l!ii- tiiitr -on hi- w.'iv IIU .niitiu' I 'ir Word pl.iy, romin-'n in i'anl a- ui II a- ''■•iit M; ii'oij.i 111- wa- in- iri 1 (~oi \i u. Apiia' .ii i/i#iiu.' ini. nii .-1 in order that ye ir.ight have AaTa*>(iii'u' I ii|Kin di-a") ii-uiitmj ;iiid « iri") n uiuAa', a second i, \p>. ririUH of tlu ,l'\iiio favor can hardly be reproduced in English. ; (x^'P". rather than x<^P^. joy) which Ch. 1] II COKIXTHIANS. 131 it ( II til ti\ 11- ••I N. i\ hi wliuii -I , • I IK With tt ill I lir 1 ! . iin! li.itli .ii; . il 11-. ; i 17 When I thort-fore uan thii* niiinlfil in.it \<-.i .un! n.iv. Imii m turn vr.i I 11*1' liuhtiif ' iir thf ttiinK« that ' .u I'nr the |>ti'iiii'.. » ni liml m hitii jiiirpii-i'. (Ill I |Mir|Hi-.i' .uiunliiiij tn tl '' nrr .uii! m him \tiu iitu tli>- ti'>''\ llr.li, that wil l there shuuhl Ik: >«.i. \i .i. aii'l lia\, 11 ly iS I'm ,/> (1 ti iiiir wiinl tnw ir.t you w a» II' i! > I A ami ii ly. i ( i I') I'lir t!r ^. II i.t ti"! !• -ii< ('lirt-f. I jj \\h,> liatli al-.> >i alnt ii^, ami civil who \sa~ pn a' IikI atiKHiK ymi liy ii-. . ; i il ' tlif tarnt --t 't tlu' Spirit iii ttiir h> .irt> \i\ nil aiul SiKaims ami I iiiiuthi n^, \va> j Paitl'* vW\u .tluayi '>iKtiifii. And a lilt rir->t vi>itiiiv; (.'uritiih, I you through us. ti"t throtigh me niily. liiH plan was by you to pan through into Imt through Silvanus i<< Sila>. x« Macedonia, and again •m my way l>.u k i i and Timothy a- w- l!, \\lu> h ut from Macedonia to come to you, and to ' pnaclu •! witli I'anl at C unntti t Xtt^ wm be sent on my way by you to Judaeal?) ami win.-, '.-Mtti..ii\ turn i.in- a.M- (I ('■•r -wi \. 4V jwriL'lit t I'., !; was not Yes and No 17, 18. I'avl^ t.iilm. t" i..Tr\ ,.ut tliis ! !;• ■> 'i ■ j i- n . in Jr-it-. I.i.;ii 11 1 til all -.iri> III nil-. luTDii'. mi- U liri-t but in Him is Yes iiuariiati- II iii-lriu-tiun, wliii'li tlinnv-- .1 liirul liKhti|liri' tin- lliminlit .ihiiii;! - n mipliM' ai nil till- -!i>|ili'ii 111- iiIiI'mI il., ( 1 ■riM'lil.iii^. i-liillillv I'l';! t'liiik nl t hri-t nut a^ tin- III iiiii-l, ilicy :iiL';.i!, .1 IukIi ni:M. i.;ii.it 1 ni'ii ■■lin. ■ ! .1 .111 iiiu . iiiipr. iiiii-rik; >;illili i| HI lllN plailN li> ■m1---.i>i! • -! w ■ ' 1; "w- ' 1m" plIIUlpK, lillt a-, tllr ;;lil' Oi iii^iili I ,ltii 111-- I'.iiil iipi'! 1 ! tti' II! .it.,i! , tl:i' p< rill. lilt 1'! .111. 1 i\,r!t-t Willi -'■liiiiii \.lhiiir! i,- In this intention > . i. a ilariiii^ .mil N;.!.iiii'.| tl 'int'I.t, of mine, then, surely I was not guilty .\ m .I iir.iiiil!\ i. it n i.l.i';' n r ■ tli. p i-i of levity, was I? 1 r 'v"'"""ii I !i. \ » • i- i! ■ .-••i p'.i. nuj .iin;.!! ~,iii- 1,1.1 in -11111.111 il 1' r i:;i- .1.111'.: . l' pliii t..M.'ii "l" iiiM i ' -Liiii. iil 1 ,1 ^ju 1 .r |. .11. ll.c W.I- ..iil\ pill I'l i.il iriiip' 11 1, ii.i; nilliliii. Ill "t lit I I pi-i mil •' .iml pi . .pl'i'i '. 1 '1 \ M" ,(i'i \" ' Or are my For of all the promises of God n .i'l' n plans dictated by worldly < 'l.w'i'y. a- nj' I'u' • ' 'i li ' ."ii :ii 1 "i rl-iwlnn ) the p.'- 'l 1. 1 -pii:i::.ili considerations, that X'ltriM.i' '"n. i':. Yes, i-.m -11111111, iimti .iml there may be in ilu' Iiarki;i . mni! 1.1 my s.ii -i uimh. is in Him: all that (iml piir mind the fo) "Yes, yes" and the "No.jp'i^i - in 'l-- i- f "fM r » pf 1 (Imir in t'lin • no" of wliiili ymi ac.ii-o iiu- In-ti.i.l . .f i wherefore also through Him imn an./ :;i KiiUTintsly ;i--siiiiiiiiw: that lu- li.iil .111 h. .11- j a^ \. V' lilliivMtiK ^i.m,- MSS 1 is • •r.ihlc rfa^iiti fur lii-i oli.inuv nl plan, ilu y the vi-^pi --iM- Amen ti ('nr \i\ im cm ai-iMiM (l him iif lii inu a Vcn .-iml .Nn lliali, ; ihe p.irl nl lIu- rh ir.-!:. to the glory of >a>itiu \i'S til llay and i/.i tn iiinnnw . .i.' God, through us 111- nnni-'ir-- t liri-t, cnnlmtf as it snitoil hi«. rdni,)/ chum nu iirr j ihi' -r- ii Nliirniaiinti. 1- ijrati iiillv ainl In ■ Taiil is inn oath. But, as'God is faithful, our I ""H nf ( ;, 1, ./ , ., )'.. ■ ,.11 n, speech to you is not Yes and No. 1 I i.i- : !:iiii' m ■'■>■. thi- w iiinli-riul i. ■ i- me -i innu-r li.i- : :K llu- ii.rn' "t .in ! I'l -i ' . n ■ ihroiiyli the i>ri-ai-him; nf tin- • ■ath, tlionuh tli. Iiural iiii.ri'iL: i-. t/jKn-l'iI miiii-'i r-. is fiiilhful in that mir -p. . :i to v-- is' ^21. 22. H U. .i> in I ( ..r in \\ .■(- not yt- and no ). In rani - umiK, ili. re ! t'lr ipn-'l. p.i--. -. .1- ii '■!.. ! ■ inn.! In no dcM-r triiiiniintr. no imli-.-i^lon. iniii-jor hryi inl I'liri-t. '1 ■ priitiii»e, or iiu-oii-.iN|<.-iK"\ ; thry ari- >r- <■' h. '" i- •■ii'l n no. not yi-N iiiut n.i. Now ile that . ■ •.■ ? ■ p' . stah- 19. 20] .\ni| tin- thoiivih' .1 llir viiK-, : lisherh us with you . .luii- m. . ot lii> \vorii~ in yiiiir.il ii.M- inni lo ■ in': "i '1 -p; ■'• i -i-nip ■ 1' thmitjlit ol thf nrf.ili-^l ol !ii- « , .ril-, - 1 ( .1 it 'lii.iii into -li-aiii i-i In his u.inK .1- .-i iin-.u-hi-r ot ("Iiri-i .iiv! T'^-U' .1 ano 'ed us (liV. •' . in.ilii n.iMi- oMi.j.itiiiii tn r.inipN tc -ii n- 1 ! ir . is ,,..u , .v.i'ir.l .1 Til. nil- 1- -Tilw SO scalcd us t-r Hi- n,:irv y>u 1 laiiic hi'.i\iiK'-s lii't as \ ol your joy:iwliii' for by laitii >i' >taiul. CIlAl'l KK I I'.i T i r\\. wlio i- ho Kit inakilh iiir ula'l. l>ul thr -aitic 1^ iiiaiK ~i 'i rv liy tiu' r \nil I uic'ir till'- -anu- unto yon, K-l. \\ hi 11 I oanu-. I -h'MiliI ha\<- -••rmw irnni till 111 !•! uh"lli I .uiyllt to ri'jouT ; liaMllJi nmliilriKT ill all. thai my joy tlw y.'V I'l >on .ill. 4 l"or out of niitcli alllutiiiii ami .in- pledge wln.h o.n-i-i- of the spirit, in our hearts, tlif lii-i ni-ialhiimi. as it win-, of the glorious mill 1 ilaiu-i- which will I'f ours in the wurKl to loiiit.'. I lu- mill wlnih :lu- a^ l;:!iiu'IU takis in tin- pal aci aph Li\.- a Khmp-i' "i tlu' luiL:li!^ iilM.;i u';;.!! TaM! wa- h.-iliiinally luiiii;. II. 1- ia|i. Ihiii; .1 vh-.irnv of in-in- larity; ami liv icii. l- it hy -howiii}; how iiiipii-MliK- it IS in one who-i- life was a I'liiu iiii'id and iinsw ir\ inn si-rx ice of jinn who uas the l iuth itself. I he minister of (.'liiif' surely eaiiii"! lie iiisiiieen-' .Xiul for a itiiiiiient' he 1'— - -i'-ln of liii'is.li anil his ji.iiii at the t 'rinlliian sii-pii JMiis ill the eiiiili-iniil.itii'ii of t Ini-t .as tlu e\rr- l.istitij; ^ e,i. till 1 u rii.il aliirniali'Mi and in e.iriiatioii ..f .ill lii.ii pure hearts ha\e li"|ied fnr. of all t!iat li.i.l, 1,\ p. . '- .anM pr^pliels. h.is priiini-. d |i. d" II' --.in.U f.T all tmie as lla I'lir.-la d ri .di. .ili. 'ii I'i the di- \ine pnrp '-r, .i- di..ini! li> iT re^e.iKd lo ni.iii ; and (i"d'- j;lor> is eoinplete, when pr.iietui liiiiiiaiiit> respntiil to Hint with their loud .\nieii. raiil's A'..;- 'ii f.'i- . // His ( ') r^nui! r'.iii ( 1. J.; li. 41. 23, 24. I'.inl li.i~ rehiilted the eli ir'.^e of in-ni.iiilv I'l tiekliia--. ii>\ ri 1 hele-s the I'.i. I r, mains ih.ii hi had ili. timed his plan. |.,(\!iiv; (iir l.iii;. r t!HHi'.^li!- inNi whu'li la- .11 '.';;u!i lit h.i.l !• .i inn. tie imw .uue- ill, -;ic , na-oii iMr tia eli.nme — it w.is nii.ilK hi- .I'lreli.i'i for ilu ni. But I for my part i'",>''i, \\!i.it<\ir iiii-eon-inie- t!un- \oii p-' ■■!„ 1! in\ er'iidnet. call God over my soul to witness to i.il, iii\ life if I he ■ that It w.is uiili the ..hieet .1 sparing you. iliat I forbore to come to Corinth. I nd. r the deplorahh' eii eiini-iaia-. ri win.;; i ( or - ;r :; \ er.il .uhllip-i -. li hi h.id l ouie .it tin Iinie ileierniiin d h\ the oriL;in.d ]il.in. it would h.ur hi 1 n a rod 1 I I or ;\ ji 1. his visit wouhl h,i\e ;;i\eil p.nti hoth to him- self and theiti : to sf-arr them, .ind j;ivo till-Ill liiiii- for .mirndiiu ir. he m-iI- them later, oil In- w.i\ soiiili !• ,,11 .\1 ,1. rdoui.'l. .Nil sooner has I'anl s.aid this ih.in he Ipercenes th.it the toiieliy (..'oriiitliiaiis ni.iy I resent his explanation, ;is 11 it a--iitiied jtli.it he elaiimd aulliority leer their i.n'li; I a id he ni-l.iiill\ i^iiard- .rj.iiii-t iiii-iiiider- si.indim; — lor m tin region of imli ili, re niilst he miK pi iidi lire. i do net Iile.iil that we are masters of your faith, I am 110 i\raiit far from it, our task is to help in furthering your joy 1 I'n- i- p.in n theiie.di — for it is by faith that you stand. .\ Ir-s .appropri.ite leinlirriu :^ "tor in point i,\ I'.nili. \ on -land." : ,\ Vonr po-iiioii IS unohiei'tioii.iMe. ii. I, 2. I Iie-e ver-es liiriii-h still mnn- di t.iil. VoT I made up my own mind on this point, not again to come to you with (lit. in) sorrow, either siilTerin>{ or iiillietinj; it. The order of the Cireek words ill soriii:c raises the presumption tli.it a painful visit had alre.uly heen paid. .\s his tirst visit to C'oriiith ( .\els xviii. ) could not he so descrihed. it is ditVieult to tiiid ;i id.iee Idr this o'lier implied \isit. It u:i- not iiei-e- -.ird\ in the iiri r\.il lu - 'Will! ilie tir-i and sceoiid ipi tk -. ;iitd it 1- 'a v. fore opi ii to siipp,,-, li ,,t it fidl li' lore ilie lir-t epi-lle ( -i ■■ 1 11' l odiietioii 1 . If. liowiver, the order of llie lileik words he not pn-sscd, Ihry iini^kt he reiiilrred : "1 iletermilled not ;ii;aili 10 eoiiir to you ---in sorrow": i he did not wi-li his .I,', -.'III/ \i-it to he in sorrow. l uo pri \ions . \lsits. however, seem to he implied liv \ii. : 14. \iii. I. In our iKiior.iiiee of liir -iin.i tioii, it i- iiiipo--dilr to lu dosjm.ilie. I he I ide.i of .V,".. \- I- e.irriid inio \ cr. j. For I if I I <","•• 1 make you (/ and V"// hoth 1 niiili iiii I sorry, then who is there to gladden (lit. lh.it i^l.uiJ.-iis) me? 1 h.ive • I ody but those whom I must make sorry ihl. '-uf rim re/;. I j;;,;,/,- ...w.-y !i. Ill iiir) — proh.ihly ;i (jetnr.d. r.atlier lli.iii .1 p.irt'iid.ir II Cor \ 1 rel'ereiue IViid's \i-it .at this time <'.an oid\ ean-i pani , 3, 4. And I wrote this very thing, in f'll. 11] II COKINTHIAXS. i;ni-li I't liiart 1 wmu' uiili' \"\\ «uli 111. in\ tr.ir> ; linl tli.it >>■ ^li^uM 1 c l;ii<\v'1, I'lit lli.it yo iiii,i.;lil InIK'W tin uhuh 1 li.i\r inuri' ;iluiiiil,iiitl> iMit.> yu lint if .-my t-;iii-ril iirit t, Ik- li:itli iKit yriivt'd mo. Imt in part; tliat 1 may iii't MMTiliarm- yoii all. (1 StilVirifiit ti> snrh a man is tlii< jtnii- i>Iimi'iil, wliii'Ii wtis intUclcd iii.nn I 7 .^0 tli.ii i-diitrariwi-io ye vuiilit rather lia|i> >ncli a <«iu- stumlil bo >\vall'>wi'tl ii|> witli II'. trmiicli >(w. S WluTifiiri- 1 lii-rocli yon th.it yi- w.iiilil ronrirni yi'iir l"Vf Imv.ir.l 1 '^v ti I'.ir tM till- >imI .iN" '!'.\r\\. For out of much affliction and angiiish of heart I wrote to you through many tears — I'anI ua> a man oi mil iinotii.nal iiatiiro ( \i-l> \\. in)— not that ye might be made sorry, but that ye might know THE LOVE {a-ianvf m iiniili.itic position) which I have most abundantly towards you. What \v.i> "this viry thing" wliicli I'.iul wrote 111 tlic anguish of a liKiit:^ In art with ■.iroani- ing /rii;'.?/ Some siii>P''^i- the nliTeiKi to a letter whicli lia> imi Ihcii priNtr\Ml pi p~--ilily, however, the alluMoii i- ■-in'i>l> to 1 Cor. in whole, or ni part I !u / ,." - lunhir reference in viT. in.iy In- to In clianue of pl.iti, annotinei d in 1 t or. w i. 5; others, will' more pr. 'iMliil/y. -niiposr. to the pas-.i'.'e dealiit'.: vMtli ilu- iinni .r.il per-on (I tor. \. 1. uliieli m.u U'll liavi^ lieeii written witli Ir.n'- I'm; liir In-.i a uliole, with it- i. Iw.ki- "l' ( ■.iriiillii.in eiiiKMt. faetion, 1. \ 1 K --lU'-.-. v,t piiri-i!i I \\ I. etc., answer-- ,.t K-.i--t tolriaMy well to the description in ver. 4. (See Intro- duction. ) The Ki Storaiioii of the Otfcmlcr ( li. 5-1 1 5, 6. The S''i>''\' of ii. 1-4 reappe.irs in thi> p.ir.iKra|ih, Imt tins tiiiu- in more p.irticnlar sh.ape, ihoiiKli with much lUk.acy Taiil refrains from ditimtely iiaiimi': 1 6 ToiotTot ) the ••iTindrr who li.ul c.iii-rd it So (ieiur.il iii.I. . 1 i- hi- allusion tli.it i: is dispvttil wlhiliM he w.is sunie one v\''o liad otTered a )h r-onal in-nlt to I'aiil ( ci \er. . or t'le inci -tnon- per-on of 1 Cor. \' : till' I lUiT -1 riiis, oil the wholi-. tnoro prohahle. Inn the p.. nit 1- \'r> ir' certain (see Intfodnetion 1 But if any one has caused sorrow, it is not to me a- .m imlu idii.il that he has caused n. but in part — not to be too hard nt" 11 him — to you alL If Paul had descrila-d liir -.•!!. .1- pro-n.ilinc tlu' whole church, liu- ..niii'lcr ini'.^;n li.i\i hem "swallowi-d llj. l.y I \cr-s ..u" -..ri.'U ". -o, II, ■/ Cios (Upon huiil .'.'!-> ht-ii: ily. he ipi;dilie- his -tatcmeut hv ni f.i't. In point of fact, there appear- to have heen in llii- inatirr .1 minority .ippi-eil to I'.inl. prrli.in- 1111- i.ikiii ch.imnion- ot ('lin-iKin "lihrit\.' who fi-l! little or lion.- oi till- uener.il -'i row. Sufficient .1 k I i-nu. ci. Mark XV. .\ci- wii. oi to such a one icf. I Cor. V. 5) is this penalty ot . \cor,i nnmication "1 I ("or. v. i.t» inflicted by the majority -ck.irly -onu- wcr>- .ippo-rrl to it -so that you 1 should 1 ii^' k ni:. r )h r -;-t ill .-iImII'!' 11111'.; llllll t' i t il. , lillt on the contrary, forgive and comfort I him I. lest perchance such a one i" Till. 11 Tilt \'. r !i • ■ '111 ; ;c r !! . >i ai ! li' iiid > be swallowed up 11- c .mi'k ' l. .1 ' 1- -W .ikou ■ .1 Up !.\ •!•. \ •.•!.•! » ••! I "ill i-t. I t . r \\ 511 by increasing sorrow not " o\ . riui'cli " 1 A. \' , A. I\. \ ' ''"t ■• ak'Uiiiil ii'4 ni 're .•lU'l ni"rr." till .it la-t i! Ir.'-'i^lit kiin to di -jiair. l lu rr \\as notliin- \ iii'lic'iv r, or i\in pnrily piiinti\e. ■■• till' . \i- iiniiniiic,,; 1 11; it li.id in view til,. ... ...j I'.it "■■!> oi till- church, hut of the ottcud'T li'tn- If 1 cf I C' r. \ ? 1. It w;is to Ici-i'.; linii to ri;lit uiiiid, to a true apprcctati n of tlir k •line— h>' tia.l viGl:!t..-d. The es.-c-- of kt- un.-f .at ll'i- attitude of ll'i- iknrch -p'-.il- .k .ipu'iitly Imth for Inin .I' d f"r it ; the Ckri-ti.in con science of t'orirtli wa-^ more -e'i-iti\e than nianv p;i--:i.ees 1 f 1 Cor. wnuld k .id n- I"» -iippo-e. 8, 9. I'.aid i- .aiixi.' - ' t' ■ ■ " pcniletit reiu-tatiik \\ lu n tlu cliiircli di- Iciplnie- her olVeiidi r-, 1' nri-t he with jsir^'W .I'ld willl llo| e. the ho]ie of ill. IT ;uki:::.:!c v t"r,i!i"n Wherefore I entreat I you to ratify pv e l ie alK . ;iri| perliMi.- .-veil i k\ .1 f. 'Mill c|,,i. e. your love towards him -t' . V ar. to ■'"■A !••'•< 'he /•• <• I V Lie'' r •"' -'••■w - !• T >i ' ■•"i"'"!. \ . r ji : fur tins was liie object of my letter ,) . '. • ( ! \ t. to ascertain the proof of you. whether in all respects you are obedient. C"!-''!' • nv.; tlu energy w'th which Paul deprecate- the tiiouKht that he tvranni/es over the church (i. 24), 134 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. II 10 To wlioni yo furRive any tliiii);, I forahc alM): fcir if 1 furKave any tiling, to whom I fdrnavc it. for your sakcs futi^inc 1 it in the iKTson of Christ; It Lest Satan should get an advantaK^' of «s : for we are not ignorant of his ilevices. \2 Fiirthcrniorc. ulu n I cum- to Troas to fy us in every place. il i> iii^i |His>.ililc ihat ohrdiriUi' hiTv' is nui lii.ii .lur III hull, liiit lo Lliri--t. 10, II. But to whom you forgive any- thing, I InrKive also. These words apply to the spei-itie sitn.-llion; they ;ire harilly here the statement of a Roneral priiuipli'. I'aul was one witli tlie church in licr sor- row, and he would he with her in lu r li iri;i\ I ih SN nf the Nimur. llr aliim^t .spciks lun- .is if he hut follnwiil llic eliurcirs lead. I lioii^;li he ^pi .ik^ uiili .ipostolic aitthorilv, lie reco^iii.i- and <\iii eiii'i iiiram-^ ihr atilhi'iii' <>\ tlic clniich, i iili I liu ni III 1 -late the erriiit; lirnihcr For what I on my part i<">ai) have forgiven 1 hi^ ini-uim-s is a srt- ili cl f.u i . /•, / / ), if iiiiK ril I have forgiven anything Ik- hkiIm - lii^hi nf his iniyui-- lu ---. 11 II, ; the |irr,ii i|ial tinnu — it i~ for your sakes ihat d have forgiven iti ( /.I-. till ll:i' s.ikf of tlic iiiiiiy anil wi lfari.' of ihr chiirrh I. N'ur is the !■ n'L'n riu ss diir I'l a .si;is| nf s, 111 iiiii ni.il ci mipassi, ,n : It Is a i'''ni|iKli' ami s-'liiiiii risi nrani m made in the presence of Christ and wii- lU'ssed liy I liiii, I Ins s, , nis ili s| inci Iv preferahle to A. V'. and A. K. \'. ( iiiar^; I "ill the frisiiii of Christ," ii\ as His di Ic- >;ate. The nliiniafe reason for the fornive- ness is that no advantage be gained over us by Satan (of. 1 Cor. v. 5). as would Ih' K-'>in<') have a ki i 11 eye for the wiles of the adversary of Christ, Paul's Th,tiihs':!:-iv:- at thr t.'.-xti \',-u:t I l ,1111 i \'i iiitli ( li 1 J-I- ). 13, 13. \l"!i r ill. iliert-ssi, 111 nn iln- sur riuv I 11 1 . 1. 111! il li\ |!:r sjiiiiri r:iiil n -ninrs the si,i|\ iif his plans to \isit t'orinlli (1 I -M f ) ■ Now when I came to Troas on riy w.iy In Cornilh .Maceilmiia. for the prc.icliiiiK of the gospel of Christ, and a door (cf. 1 Cor. xvi. >ladly have entered — I had no rest for my spirit because I did not find Titus my brother. He expects Titus with news from Cormth: but, so excited is he hy the failure of Titus to appear that, Krt'.it niissiciiary ;ind pre;iclier as In- is, he lias lo ;ili;iiii|. 11 an excellent oppm- iniiily for prc:ichinK at Troas. ;iiid pushes on ill the liiijie of iiu elniji Titns : a tine Ustiinnny to his snhcundc for the Corin- tln:ms: I bade them good-bye, and went out i.f \si.i into I'm i|u. Macedonia. 14. Now to God be thanks. .Vnilmiir cniilii he iiiiiie aliinpl nr sI.irihiiLr than lliis l">fnl cry which hrc;iks, iiiiiiui|i;itii| ;in(l niu-\pl,iiiu i|, imn ;i n;irr:ilnc of lr:i\rl- - ihe iiiiirc st.irllni,!.; :is it mimcilialcly fnl I'lVVs :i cunlrs-iiiii iif .nixuly .-iiid iiini s|. \s I'anl wnlcs, ih,' wlii.le scene ll,(s!us .luaiii npi'ii him, ;nHl his s,,.il kimlKs uiili ihe iiieiiinry nf il - -nf Imw. with hc:itin)i heart. Jic had |nni,'ci| fur ;i si,.;hi nf l uns; how finally he had cniiie with the hcst of i^iHxl news from Corinth, iichs which cniii- fnrted, reassured and rejoiced hiin. The sinry is fold iu vii. 5 f. : hut at the nio- iiieiit I 'aid is not thinking so much of the meeting itself, and the news Titus liroii);liI, ;is of the overw helming evidence it fur- nished of the irresistible power of the gos- pel. :ind of his own success, under God. is its minister. Hence tliiiid'.t tw lo Cod who always and everjrwhere ( in rtcry ti.i. r cniius at the end of ihe Si-, <'nd par- Iicipial cl.nisc: Init the effect of its eni- ]ili:ilic pnsnimi is pcrlKips hcst nndiriil ;is .ahove) leads us in triumph in Christ. I he nieanitiiT i;f Bfnaudtim i- ji-. coil- teM, a little ditVicnlt tn fix On the analogy of MO«n«iu). "to make a disciple" (Mat. xxviii 10). it ini«lit nuan "to cause to irimnph": and tliis tits in admirahly with the sense. Paul is restless and anxious. 15 For we are unto God a «wcct savour denth unto ik;itli ; and i.' t!u> oth. r the of Christ, in thim that are saved, and in sav.iur ..f life unto htV. And wlu> is sut- thcm that perish: jficicnt fur these things? 16 To the one wtr are the savour of j yit now (ns tlu' the victorx i> lii' hy A. V.' "Vh. alwa\ > i,ji(,Vi7/i II -tiliul sliow- . riii!. i> tht' iiks he miio i 1,1 frill III f'li." ) anil (lod riu- l.lkl'll whiili scein- iiiK ilcfiat IS tran-lornuil into a victory. 1 he word Opiafifiiiui^ howivcr. liappetis aUn to occur in Col. ii. 15. where lis nu-.minn is, lieyond dispute, to "tnuiiiph over." In a dou'litful pa^-aKe. tlie proved lueaninK"! a word oit^;lit aluays to he niven a fair 1 trial: is this meaning', thi'ii. pi'-'-iMe lure.'i "Thanks be unto (iud, who hiiinil'hs <'.ii i us, or li\ids us ill tiiuiiipli," as a Roiiian general hi.s capli\es. The first impression is tliat tins tliminlit at this puint, is some wliat irrelevant; thi« -.votlld draw attention The mef;iphnr of the triumphal pii>ces«ion 1, prohahly maintained in the second clause, thuii^h It seems to change //<• / .'.;n to I'nr e:ir>. Imt they coiueyil a hii'ih.nil and siiKKi^live t>ictiire to the re.idei^ oi I'anl. I he reterenee aplie.ii - I- he to the elouds ot nu-e:i-e \\\\w\\ v^^-' I'loin .1 innhitude of allar^ a'- tile Inumph.d )ii ■ '.on moved oil ii> way. Hie v:o-pel pio., ..-lou h;is .•ils(> its nu-eii^e : \\!;ere\er \\ i;o, Hie air he pf lus 111 .ht .\ed not T. 11 1 1 ne : hnl 'as:! tli.tn nr,e\- uf. i. I ; I'll, nuaninu of llii- mih'r r. lie i>. liniii iiiu, the \ictor: Iml ihe real \ let' power hy ulneh he 1- dri\en. the whom lie iii-pired ( ws f\ nmr, i'anl, the e\an«eli~t, like Anio- the )itophet 1 \nio> iii. 1^1, i> ~wept aloii.i; hy tlii^ irie- si-!ihle power: it is no more he that -pe.iks. h'lt the spirit that sp<;iks in him. II is victory is (iod's victory: he coinpur- men I)ec:mse (Jod has coniinered iiim. .\- tlie triumphal procession of the gospel moves iihout the worUl, Paul moves with it :is the prisoner of God. Tliat is the Wonderful setting which Paul gives to his mi^sionar-,- ionriieys; and such a striking and ori;^iiial turn of thought is altogether worthy of 1 lini, I h' n • ves as a mi--ion iiy. oftetl hmi'ly, nil iri'h r^tooil, per-eeilted. from (ilaee to i' nu et w nil di^.ipp' in him the gospel i- fresh coiKptests : he it as a triumplKil iirocessioii, with the 111 visihie (iod as the compiering ueiu t.il, ami himself as a gla.l captive. I'.iit this cap- tive shares the (ieiierai's trnnnph. he Iriiiillphs indeed in llmi. 'I his nuaning h.'is uv.'cll the s;ini.- isxiie .-IS till other, hllt it IS far more eharaeterisiie of the d:irni'.i mind of Paul (ii>d hads Paul in trinnipli in Christ- the triumph of 'i"d is ettected through Christ; outside "f Ilun there is no divine triun:t)h, hut only im Him. is redolent w:;h . w he! iter hy linn w t in isi ( ef \ er. I s i -iluhlies whu h hU nd knowledge of (,od comes ihr- I his -.,c\ or Is niani les'eil ih< . /.(■> ( ," I r i' the presence A-ii..., ■ He or (, 111 lla •me f t !i ill -tlalls ;i pie-' tliiti:; ill the world h. .ir al.ont with them ( \er\ where tiny go. tin nil' li I s' ,iid tv^o p.>- U.i Ih.il Ihe .iii;h C hrist. II, /i ii.v ;illd ot i'.inl and , is the sim- ■ teet I hey atmosphere ; fragrant w r.h C hrist : and when we we tear >ure that the g is moving on. tli.it the victorious in them i victories through tlniii. 15, 16. I here is here ;i geiil • f 111 air are near them, ispel proi'es-loll I'ouer whuh IS ld\ aiu-iii'.; I'l flesh th iinl .ihu' Might , ■ st III savor; lure tho-e who. ill suueriiy ,.', .■) I OiTM>? I he SI, 111- otteii I'l lit aii . uhi.h again is ii:inirall> r'i'l.u''! '!> ! 1 li.dtli, Ver. I'll h\ ':ie iiiiitr.il woi.l. For in ihi' e\es ,1 ( , . 1, to God, we are a sweet savor of Christ; tli.il tluv are r. .loh iit ..f Ihrist, mid < 1' 'd Is w I II Jill ( ,..'1, h'lt ti"t all nu n — onl; :ii 1- s, ,111, w ] 1, 11 11 it I i-pe|s, 11:!!;:. IHT o)» ■ .lie - ilUl.'lt J . or are being saved and in perishing 1 f' r llu' e. .nit ,1 1,S I. In h,.l!i e.t-i s !h' :i) .1 u ilh ill' ill .iiie ; lliei I This fi.i^iiiit in them that them that are t. 1 I 1 < ■ 'V i. -n .k, pr. u her 1- ,1 .V.-.,,/ sa\,,r /' .\leu ilecide their inner cpi.ality ;in'! ihrefore their ili wliiiy. h\ their attitude to ilie gospel and to the 111(11 from whose life streams the fr.igr.iiiee of v lirisi ; to the one it is a savor of life unto life, to the other a savor of death unto death. These phrases again sound remote to its; .nnd to rnm- plicate the ease, the te.xt is uncertain, some II COKIXTHIAXS. ir I'or wi' arf nut ;is mmv. rupt llic vM.ril III' ( Mill 1,1:1 , - . [Cm. II I'm ,1. ut Cod. ii^ tlif si^ht of (iod spoak A' III Christ. 1 MSS M.,.l)in; tl,, I'l 111! . , ;■ .1. .,til I. )>"iii hi. I. 1 1 tin at il~ lull \ .ilui . 1! (Mil 1 li.iu t'.r nil II wii !■ (>i ) llli- .iIhI ilr.llll. ll.l can al-ii ^r<- Ii.pa -llll|ih ..tin I - pn|...- i> lull! lie tlu- -.u . llu-r I - W'^V ' - I \ . ir ;.il.rll II ( iiii- . -ll^ Ml III I '15 I .L't llll t\ 1 .lllillll'^ '' IIIi'U t" . xi.j.i yn-.il '1 ;.\.M/f \ I' 't ]!■■ i;. i:il : I .lie '■r niii^lit In- ^.iiil lull Ih'W <-.'ii|.l ii llllc-^ llu^l.- Ill' :,-lli,r iitdl. ill:,! Initcr In ri-.nl to 1111,^11!, ll,- ill (»■/. I lllf, 1 aNci iiri;;ni.ilc 111 ili alli • Ki'iiir.il |iiiia>tiiii the Minidc mnilixi-. "a savor nt Iifo nnlu |if»'." I'r. wliiisi- ili'im-tit is life and wliuvf issiu- Is liiV. as o|)|Misi'd to till' sainr with ii.-in I i..d ( lij. 3 ). ' 'ur i \ aiiL'i lu- \\ , .rk in siii- th till 111 «7- for a IsMUs diatli iiii|ilii I SI 1\ I V. 1.111 For ui irnlv. and 0/ tlu- ; <. i;,-,- ■■' i,.>./ I lini- si ll we are not as the many 1 oi iro.Woi: SOllll MSS M.ld Oi XlKTiPt. !,Sf) who adulterate the word of God i. r tin ir own prolit, .1 I. m i ll i.,, r|i, r .idnlterat. s his wine, but as out of .1 li. art ..| trans- parent sincerity, yes, as nndi r .inptini: from God and in the presence of God we speak in Christ, i ,-. in fell, iw-liip with Him: our sp,,cli ni.ives uilhiii th.- -plure determined hy our rei.iti.iii i.. Him. KamiXfvu) iv to ;iot like a sm.ill sho|i kn per. to sell ri '.lil. then to make a prolit hv adnll. ratmi; mu 's wares. In tliis \. i.rd he ■ M'l'" !''- I" h< ulaiu-iiiK .It his jndaisr- .i|)- l'"''' "' ■ ■ l i'.Mim hy the disoiission of the .Mos.iu- dis|)in,,itioii which iinniidiatelv follows ( iii. ) I In- -iiiii iu t--rni-lii - a sii.i;(iesti\ de- "•■npiiMii ,1 til, ,,!, ,! ,,r,;„-li..r Th.- onlv in.m uli.i IV ,ut}i. . >it i,,r tin ministrv ..'f the ;.;ii-p.l li, pr.H-l.inn-. li-' win. pro e!.imis It 111 il- ni'iia n u I'lj , ani|..r and | s:ii:,-< ily. Iteliind liiiii is (iml, nid it is m| III- I/;../-;',;/', 11 1 (/, 1 |li,,i h, .|„ 1 |, (;arries aUmt witii Inm a iii>;li and purify- \ iiiy Mil l -.1 revponsiliiliiv, for he never all.iu- I11111-, If til ii.ij-et that his work is hellii; \, I'm --1 11 l,y llie unseen (.i.d. that It is dull.' in fi,\u-iici-: and Christ is ll:e alinii-plu r. . as he is the theme, nf all 'lis pimdalli.ilioii. I II. rr .ire i. u ihiiius more woiiij, ri in I'aiil th.iii tlh' ntiulUy em.itiim 1,\ wia.h III-- -"111 u.i- -wi pt as he eoiit. mpl,,;, ,] ei rl.ini -niipl, i.,. i-, !,■ m, . i- I im- .nid liiar- tr.iiii inm unml new- i.i f.iriiilli; and. Willi. mt .\.ii wai'iii- In ull 11- tli.il jic .^1" 1 limi. lu- Imi-is lilt,, ;i li\iiiii of jiilMl.itii.ii. rill- uas liiean-.' In- s,,w diroiiyh th,' laet t.. the (ind wlio-e tMiiiiipli World it illn-iralrd. I'.inl li.nl all llehrew- Kelini- |. .r di ti i! iii.t; tlie siKiiitieanee of lu-tnru- i.ut. IK. d Ins eNpiTienee. ;iiid he ri !iii..s iin-pe.ikahle. heeause he tinds do.l I" his ei.ii«iltened ey . Ins eluek -sioiiary career is in reality an tin- in Ilu the old spiritii;ii c;iii r.M with ji,\ there, eri d mi hr. k. ii trinniph of (iod, alvvavs atiil cvory- w 111 re. I li.' pre.ioher or the tnissionary. whose 111 art w a> sustained hy the vision that I'aiil saw. could K" on. amid weakness and (lis- .ippointmeiit. from strength to streni{th, liopiiii; .aiiil .l.iriiii; th,- |,r:iM-t thinn-S. lr.i-> .-l> frmu ji. iiii! 1.. |M)int wirld. prr.u-hiiii; here, inrrli tlii re. In- iiit rrpr, t. d ;is Iir. iee--ii ,ii ,.f tin- ..;..-p,.l .-iiid 1- cipliM- Ih- wa- liert- tin- d will I nil n w . re . \i-t. Willi tnr e\en in i. -'. J ( nr. 1. I I 111 '.\ - Ti' n- hr. •! • iiii lliiiiir nf tlu- - ;riiw 111,1; into III- 1 read tin- triiini|)ii nf < in.l ; .iinl. 'le. their .aptiM, .l.-n-. a niinii r.il .ind that •-;lit. had -imit of li\rue-s. n! the in Ills sliar. d nil raid's nwn tlnnllylloiu fniiiidiim ,-1 llie Irniinph of III.- ( jl aii.l tli.-re 1 eliiirch o| (ill. I ("nriiith ( 1 (', r. .-hnreh. In iln- (Ir.irly i.-;iiiL;lit si .1. -us. .-iiid w.i- i 111 .-ill this I'.nd Kositel, of Chri- splendid par.id.i.\ til- ir \ictory. StiKKi'stive. too, is his compari-mi of the iiilliunce exerted hy the ser\aiiis of C'lirist to ,1 s.ivor. It is true of all His servants tin K-s than of the preacher. Wherever 'li.> an-, there should he fraRrance — per- \a-ive. undeniahle. irresistihle. .-X Chris- ti.iii without this redolence is as impoisihie ,.- uu-.n-i- wlm-i- pn -i-nce is imfelt hv iiio-.- wlin ,Mii,,. II,;,, i; It penetrates tli'e atiiin-pli, re ,ind comiiels attention: so must 11 he with thn-i- who are in Christ. I'nited with I Inn. and -iciire in llim. they must il-o lie ri di h-iii of Him — so plainly aiui unmisiakahl) thai their nresciKe is. as it l it. IIJ II CORIXTIIIANS. Wire, a iiirpitital cliallciinc to their iii- viroitiiH-iit, upilliiin si i: ■, atlrailiiiK others. I hi'y a I'.ini; stamlard, whii-h ci'inin'U nu n iiu • >ltinlani\ i.i t \ pii^i' till IIUUT i|Ualll> Ml l!n ir liiv. li tlic iiuiiiiLT vi liwir amtudt and r<;=iiuuji: i tu that " swi'i't sirraiiis irMin Hn whi ihi r iiK II arc in'iiiK vavi tl " or pcrisliiin;.'" •avor i>l «ir\ aiit^. " alllMiij; " aiiiuiig t liri t " wiiu li Clial lU'tiTtiiiiii't thiisi- that are tliu^i- tliat arc 138 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. in TllK (ILORY OF THE APOSTOLIC OFFICE (iii. i-vi. lo). CHAPTER .V I Do wi' I'fRin anain t<> comnuii.l ••ur sdvi-s'-' or nr.. I wf. as vmu' otiuis. ij.i>il.> of c.tnnun.l;." ..i t-. y.m. or leturs of com- jiHiulaUoii fr.mi you? J N \- :iri- "iir .pi-tU' writtfii in our lu'irt-. kiidXMi aiul nad i>t all men: T, / ,.),;.vmi(. /i OS v.- nianilcMly rte- ,lar..I t.. 1..' f .c ipivtioof Christ niinistcre.l 1,\ lis. written not with nik, hnl with the Spirit ..f the livinR (i."!; n-'t m tahks of sl„w. li It in tUshly tahK> of the heart. 7 /a- i^ ,,niitluiiiis . -a Or do we pr.'Ii.ilily at The tone of trinniiiliaiit .c.iili.l.iu-c wtih which the ap..-«tl.- h.fl .I'-'-'l i'" .l'';' UuU- My U MM, !.. ...11 tortl, u.u l„s oppoiu-nts wli., li.u.- a kr.M ->-,nl I.T anvthin« that l.-k> l.k-' s. li .lunu n.l.il.. .n llu- part ..I tlu' .,|H.-.lK-; aiul tin- 1. a.K li.,n 1.. I.nnu-l, nil.. In- ur.at .K t.n-.- ..I tli.' nl.MN ..I llu- a|...-l..li.- ..liuHv A- - an a)...- VU- nf ChriM MM. hr 1- mil. ivicr .'I a II. ;.' iliM»n-ati.'n. wli.-.- iiiinn-u- ulorv i- ur..iilv li.i.;liun..l l.y omii.aris.m «„l, 111.' ..l.r M"-a'.- .l.M'.n-aIi.)n, I u- 1,„, ,1,.. ,Mu 1- -uall.'U..! np in ^.v.-.lnii.^ -J-iv llH "'I'"- vvr:!<- Willi li. in-iiilit of one WM" nniliT ^, 1 l„,tli ,li-pi-!i-.iU.>iis ilK.ri-n^lily — tor h, 1: 1.1 lo ll a faillilnl anil /lal.m- -.rvanl ,,t l...ili aii.l «iih the entliu>iaMn ot oiif \\li.> lia.l f..ini.l p.ai-.-. i.'.v. aii.l tmaliiy in the n.w spiritual ..r.Kr cnal.-.l '.v I,s,i> ("hn>t. I'lie p.-.nliar point ..I Hu' o.nipariNon .lep.n.ls ..n the i-r.. lindane, that the (ipi>oiHiit- he is here e..ml'aiiiiu, belong to the |.»i-li ;.ariy (cf \i ' 1. Are we beginning - m iiu- pr.. < .i iiiK verse t ii. i"' li."> I'nii-^ ll .'P- n to this ehar.i;.'. .in.l lie e..iiniiiu~ m \.r wlier.' he .K.-lare- lli.il li.' -a . nimisi. r ..f llu- n. " ,-. , i;.,iit - again to commend ourselves? .ipimi. ntly a ia\ orii.- i-liari;.- aja-iin-t llu' -il.--'!.. "I:':' ' M.iiu- , Ni.re-i..iis 111 1 <."..r ( . t i\. I?. Mv. iS \ loi 1. .11 .1 .-•■loiaMi- .-N.-iiN.-. luiiee r.iil 111- ..iM'-'ii. ha. I al-.>L;.-tlier „,i-i.;i.Ki-! ; III.- Ml. .-t ill.-' r.l.r.-nee-i ,1,. ,.iu- kii. w h.-M.-r lb:. 11 I' l l' lli.it •■ not he 111., I .-..iniiu-ti.l.lli liiiii-.-ll 1- ;iiip.-over he ha- th, ..t llie l.or.i: it is " wril hirnr " 111 the -iioee-s .>f his ministry at O liiilli I'.T the same reason he nee.ls no e.>iiiiiieii.latioti fro-ii them; the very eMst- ctue of the Corinthian church, which owes its (.rinin to him, was cominctMlatioii en. iiiiali ui 1 need, as some .. .- ^ , 111- opp..iu-iit- ni 171— letters of recom- mendation to you? .-siir.U ii.>t. Ilii-y I, \,. i;..o(l n-.i-,'ii t,i kii..\v linn welU luit t,,r liiiii. u..iil.i tlien- liaxe Ix.-n a Corin- ihiaii eliiir.li .at all: It to others he was II. .t an ap. -tl. , at any rate he was to llu 111 . ihev were tlu- seal of his .ipostleship I 1 Cor. i\. .M. I.eti.rs of recoinmeii.lation « i-re freipiently K o'lu r-. 1 11,- en ,l, ii'i:il- \\li:,-'i lu- ,-oii''l ,-\ ,-rv u Ii, r,- ].r,-,iit uiili e.>iiti,l,-ii,.- w.ro ii ■ I'. .111,1 llu- I'oriir.h: .'I- I kiioun --.i.-.-. — .iin..'i;- . m 2, 3. YE are cur letter ■ 1 .l.ilioii. .1 more .-.'lis iii.-iii'U I, -tun .my urivi'ii willi n'k "ii p i]., r mi a-k, .1 for iii\ er. .1 r.tial- ' \..il. / . epi-il. - I lii-_ i.piii I'.'V llu- iii-l'. ,'tioii .'I lii- il- UllllU'll- iii.il til, in \\1k-ii I point t.. t, -niiionial is all the world, /. i;,.;. II i/ii./ I. ' V "I.'". I'lit it is also written in our hearts. Hie tiyiire snu- t;,.-.,il liy the •■ Utter" is Hot W,.rkeil_out Willi -iri. t C'lnsistency : at one time it is u nil. 11 iip.'ii Paul's heart, at aiu.ther hy I'hrist ( ver. .^) u]»m the iiearis .if the (."..rinthiaiis themselves (ver. Hut the nu anini; is pel I. etly dear. Paul hears ahout with him. nr-'^en upon his heart, the mem- ory of his fruitful ministry ;it Corinth a inini'try which was at once a cons.ilatiou |t.> liiinsflf. am! .1 l,--iiiiiouy to tlu' worl.l : I for the Corinilii iii i-..i;M-rts w.t.' an epis- tle, known anJ read , -, •■-'•"•■='•'7 '^i dl•a•>ll•u.o-^ou< I >i 1 ; f. i ,1 ^iiiiil.ir w . .nl-play, cf. i, !,!> by all men ilu |, .inuluii; ;in,; the pr,,..4r. "I llu ,-'i;'r,-li in miiiiorai I'.ir- inth w,.ul.l he ,1 ni.itter of wi.le. alilU'-t i(»i- i-crsal interest. The testimony home by the Ch. Ill} II COKIXTHIANS. 131) 4 Aiul ■.iich tni»i have wc ihrDUKli | (> Who also liatli made iin aliK- iiiiii- Cliri>t to (iii killitli, Init the -.pint gi^i'th hfo. Init our siiftiricncy is of i',x,i\, j Corinthian fhiin li i> /•/./iii { <,'ia>'f point i-ot \ . I'anl -1'. .il,- ot Its nii inliiTN manifestly being an epistle of Christ, (■ wniim liy C lirt>t, n^inistered by us. the hmnan ainainu'nM> of ihi-. Ii\in« ipi^th- wa> Paul, hut thi- ri .il aiithi^r ol it \\a> (."hn^l. 1 he traii'tiirMiatioii in Coriniliian rliaractt-r \> 1 1 tt'nteil \t\ tile »nn/.i/'\ "I I'.ril. hi,: !h u.i- the innn^iiT ■■i i/i he uf tr hnt .1^ he was pr..ni|ilic! I v l .\n>l tln> lettiT u.i-> written not. .iiili'i.ir\ h'.ini.in ti>inn..ni,i!>, with ink: --ki! ic the lettiTs of r. e. iinnii-nil.il .11 l>!>.iii;': ! , r. nil's o|.poiu ii!s tri.iii Jrr!:-.,i', 111. until :i \Mlii inh upi'n iMinT. aii'l "t ih.in-.Uc. iin|...'.inl I.i pime .iii\l; ;ny, X. i U'li- .li m'.il-. but wniliii with the spirit of the livinii; God: ili- IiM.r U i. Com iiu-iiii!. heiMti^i- li. hivcl ji ■^pii-t. p"Uir. /;.'(■. (, 'i/. Thr iii:m ul .i v.i-. Ill p. .s,, -sj,,,! ,,f siu-h a K"ir "t e'iiii- nienil,!! ii ill iH i iU .i no iloi niili nl.ii v al!i s:,, lion from an>hi"i>. he uas .ittesi,.! !> I'lc minllty spiritu.il ronlis tiial an-Miuiijiiiv.', aiic! follosved his ministry. 'I'lie letiir to which he ai)pealed was eonviiicini; heeaiisi' of the material upon wliicli, as ui II .as th. iiisfritment l>y whicli, it was writtui: fi r it was wriiiiii not upon pai>er or tablets of stone, but upon the impri ssihle fleshly tablets of the heart. I lu- l.tters tli.it e;irry real persiiasi. n ,,r conviction must he writU'ii tlhic In iliis coiiiucti' .n the sl^'iir t/ .I'.'.v 1 "iiie .IS .1 surprise, .-is thi- Oi'iiteM is lie.iliiiK with I< iters uriM> ti uiih i/i* _aiul III ct ss.irily upon a vii> ihtTerriit surface: hut I'.uil is preparin:; the u,n here for the ure.-it conn,,-!, w ' eh h.- i- ali'Mit to el.ili. ir.itr. hrtwcrn l!;.- Nh.s.ii,- ihspeiis.in, .11, n pn s, iii. .1 1\ 'lie '.i! ',;- ,,| St' "lie. and tlie ( 'hi im,,,!! .li-pri ii. iiiipnise .'itid .i'iii...plu ir is the spirit I lie ci.titr.ist had alre.id\ hi en sni. i^isted ill the «rial pri.ph.cv ..f Jernfiih .',1 ,;4 ) w ho. n .ih/inL; tlu iua.h r|ii:ic\ of the i.'dir dispriisat i. .n. c. .iiitorti d liis he.'irl ulth the \i-ioii ..f .i dae whni the law would In no in,.re :i ri, ,.i i \- ternal ordinances, htit ;in mw.ird thiiii.;, written t:pon the heart. The most convinrinu: jiroof of a tnan's compftonce in any sphere is the work he has Imn-i If ..r |.\ ..ihirs. rri;,iril lllv; Ills pinMi. iirisi In uI'Miia'iiv riliTud to (h.it pr, Idled lest, wiiiih is Imtli fair and tinal : his woiih is h, -i .iitested nut in iiU-, hilt in e\perieiiee I'aiil was not •ifr.iid of this Usl 111 h.id cli.mKed the I. ice of the wiirld. and he neidi d no ' cer- tui. i'. " ir..m any num. ilu- men whom li ni::a-Ty had traiisforiiud were Ins i ri .|i iiii,ils. I'.nt letti-rs are written to he re,i Win- . Jill,;., \ I,- 1,1 (pres. p'.- I ,t:i I ' , Irn. ii i- llic let 1< r. .111. I t ,u- w rh! 1- t ht i . .ui. r .\nd 111 ri 111 III s .111 1 .l.he I' 1. la will.!! ilu .liincli .1^ .1 uh..|e, anil tli!!^li.iii nun m p.ir liiiil.ir. cm tu\ir all'.r.l t.. iiiri;rt. Ilu > '•,•■11.^ I,M./ till > lll'lsl -1 c t. , 11. tlu Ti- ■ifr<\ that tin- tIaiiL: tluii i- I., u-.; i!.ii!\. SI rnpiil .usl> . read i> w.,iili r..ii|ii!L:. th.a II is in truth .in c"; > l iiusl. ,iii rpisile which 11. w.iild iii.l he .isli.iiiuj to own. .1 C''m['i-tciit Miiiistrr (la i I'he eontideiit tone i vtwoilhiaii) vvhich r:iii throti^hoiit the last p.ir;inraph I'anl now proceeds to e\|daili and illslify His competence :is an i \ .iii'.j. li-' i- inn!, ui.dile. It is written in uniu- - ;.il>,i!.l. . !:.i. ... '. rs in tlic Slice, ss i.f his \\..:k. !.!■•. t'i..iiL;li it is Ills own I i^al■l>TT)^ Vjnu'i' i \< ;v n,,. las ..wii. 11- -..iirce Is iM (,..,1 I »h Tot *»#oi ) . and ■li. rei. .re. tli..iiL;li la- ^a. , . -,, j. fr.iiikl> ,is- - 1 ■ ■ ■! ..a.! 1 1 11 111 1 ■ . ,1 11] M .11, 1.. ,ast in< is r\, ! v. .! 4-6. And such confidence in In- apus I 'lic sii, . I -- .1 ,111! in.it I . I till 1.I-' ii.ii.a- i;r.ii.li WC have, n ! t!iii.ui;li mv iiin.ite pin\.r • ; .. \ . ' at through Christ, ;iii.l in relation to God. It i- (,,.,/ >\li,, li.i- in.ade I', ml cmipi triii nu! sn.-,-. s-fnl I \ V. .s. 'ii. ;nid Ills c. .ntidiiicr ilua.l..re t ikes .1 ( i. .il-iv ,ird ihrectinii i'.iul has al w.a\s to fr.tr in.ilici. .lis niisct .n-t nu 1 1. .iis nf such as- rli, .lis. ilurrlore he .idds ,it mice: I do not una 11 that of ourselves we are competent to form any judgment u from ourselves. «'« d-ui of onr-elves) in- dicates the origin even more distinctly than iit6 (fruin): lH)tli toKe'thur siiKRcst how 140 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. m 7 I'.ut n tin iniiii-tr:ituiii <■{ ulorious, was to J)c done a.vay; til l! 111. i liiMrcii (if Nr.ul cmilil not S How shall nut thr mimstration of the I 1. lioM iIk- face of Moses ft>r spirit Ik; rather Riortous? iilti rly I'.iiil ili-rl.iiins itic iiiiniiflfiur. mi ' In t wCi ii l.m .iH'l i,"-1m 1 ii.iilmii,' K^^ tin- li.i-i» I'l 111'- "»M ii.ilivi- n --I iiirri -. I" tli.m tin- ilitl'in im- lniuii ii /.7r iitul ilriilli rci.-li |M i|i'\i-c w.iy- aii'l iih .ni-. ■ I h.- (■■mtr.iM i>, l..r tin- ii.ir|iM>, - ot tlu- atfiilmv; \u- ::ip. i-.liilir acliMly. But, mi aiuniiifiil. ni;iiK- a^ ali-"liitc a> il can Ik- tlic' i-.iii!rar>. our competence, uht.li i- a iikmIi-. aii>l m. 're a!i-"l"!>' lliaii i'aiil lias rral .iiiil uimImuI.i,-,! i.nt. is from God: ii iiKulr it m "illur iia-.^r^. .-..c. in Ivmi. ji ;ni. l.iit //. w Us sdiiri-r: for mi. 14. wliiTi- llic law is tviii tlcsrriluMl as it is He who, at "nr c .in . i sj. .n mu i- fnr ,r/'i» (/«.i/ {rrtvitariMi } . In diu' asix ct, tlio .ill (iMiinr.j, -im ) made us competent law is Imly ( Honi. vii. ij>, and cvvn to K. ministers of the NEW covenant. Klori'-ns (J C<>r. iii. <>-ii>: but, on tlu- \ i< I iatf till- r»al f'Tif of thf pas- wIk.1,-, its work was luKativf. h imiK>sf(| sam . \\( must rctntinlior that tlio oppoiu-nts a command to whiih iiu ii were not otinal. whom !'aiil has hiTc sptnally in view, arc it viriiially ilun f.Ti' ,,'iul. iiiiii d thini jiiilai/irs jji who oliampioiit-d thf ( vi-r. <)> ■ lomU mm .j tlu ni to ,l,\ith As old .\l..saii- »-iiv.-iiaiit. With Ji-siis. a ii.-:*' I'irn i-..;il.l ..nlv .1is..1.in iIu- law. and lilV oriltT. i-oiisiiintiun, i-ovctiaiit. cann- inl" tlu' l i> al^m- in ■ .1h-,1u lu <■. the law coiiM only worlii; iiM mil- app' ■ li> H'lnl iiffc iliatlv Kail to . Ill a \.i«iio i-.intrast torv ti-f. 1 l"or. \v. -'.'1 a- I', iliiiik- \Mtli til. I.-'tiT. Iiul tin- .ii-tiniti- spirit i.f of "this dilTiTfiuv. I'l l. I -'i.iip w.r.N l. .i|i ill.- l.'.r.l J. -iis ,\, r. t ; I - i(i.;/,-,7/j .i//,-v. from Ills |H'ii, that < iil ni.;!;! im • ili.' li. ..ri I li.- s,,!il ih.it ua- ../.;//;- slnit up I" lU - of rli. .■•■ntrast. and la\ it I n. in 1.. iii.tr -p ur •i'"! ./...•'/'- I'y lln' law. is iini. kilK.l ,•„,, /.,/ In- a niinisi.'r ..l i',i- i.-.-,> c.n.-- mt" /.■<• "Inn tmu-li..l li> tin- ifnit <.t 11. int. Ill I'.rmiu-- .1 niiiiistrr not of tin- J.-tis. IIu-m- u.t.I- ar.- a \ui.| suiiitn.iry letter, but of the spirit. !lr-c is tlu- "l I'anl's (-\ih ru-iu.- uii.l.-r tin tu.. .li-p. n fir-l -tartl'iiL; .iiititlu-is: t,-lt, t an. I sf:>:t. saluiiis, hulli of winch he knew- so \m.||. W'f iiiini. i;il\ n-. tli. u.ir'l- t.. si'i;..^, ~t tlu ililt.r.ii.c I'ltwccn an iiilci prct.ili. ui wlii. li l. H.ks t,. till- hare wonls ,ii..l ..11. I lie Greater (ilory i>f the Xew Disfensa- wl.i.li l....ks i-.itlu-r to tlicir inlciiti.ni: tins. ti<>n (in. 7-II). Ii..v\<\. r. 1^ 11. tt till' in.annin of the |>assa^;^.• lu re 1 11. /. //, ! Ii.i, l» en snnL,'ested to . Paid has lieen drawn, hy his defense of I'aiil l>v the refer, lie. t.. the st.itie talilets himself as a competent niimster of the (ver. O. or rallii-r perliap- that reference gospel, into a comparison of the two dis- had in \iew the contrast, which Paid is here peiisations. i his comparison he now clah- heyiiminK to develop, between the two dis- I orates, adinitlinR the ph>ry of the f of his face, tli..iii;h that w.is a i:l.)ry tin- l.Mi T. Imii .>t tlu- spirit, for tlu- n-a^on which, . \ .-ii as tlu y i;,i/< .l, was passing that the letter 1 ,■ .- //i,- killeth. while away (tor MiTap-)oi un ylnrv. murh iii'Ti- dolli tlic on, h:i(l im tjl.iry in llii ii >|>fCt. by rCMOn tra'idn i>f n^litiHnisiios cM-nd in ylnry .1 ilic nlnry iliat rxicllrtli vloriniis, surely -till more will the min- istration of the SPIRIT be in glory. For till- >l>irit Kixctli lilc (vir. (i • ; and a^ MuiKMiliiiis a-i i> till' dnliiiiii'i- lutuiin lilV and death, so stii)nnd> -hn i> tlu- ililtrr ciui' lutwuii till" f;liiry nf tin- oiu' i"\ii;,ii (i f A. v.. and A. K. V. ti \t i : it i^ in tiniU-d to recall the -iiiatina ililtrr) of thi' iiricinM>Iiil of lifeless, isolated Irtlrrt, carvid on stoiu' : the new is _.i lifc-Kivitig sfint. The old ti'iij maiic («'7fH*l) in Klory, its inu'l'tion was glorious — witness the face of Moses: the new shall be (Iffrai) in Klory, nlory is its fifrmanent elenietit. The use of the fntnre ti ii>e i-; not inleiided to siiyi;f.t that the K^<>ry of the new dis]ien--.itioii is .i thiiiK' of l!ie future — to lie re\eaKd. for eNainple, at the cniiiiiin of Chri-t : it is the future of arnnillent, and is etpial to, " /' /.'//I'lvi thiit the iiiinistr.ition of the sjiirit is more nlorions." llu' j^Iory is a'riaily lure, since Christ has come, and e-pei i.illy since IK' has risen: I'aiil kmdK - at ll'e c- 'nleniplatii Ml of it. 'l!ironi;hi ^ni lhi> --ee tion, the wonN " nnni^traiioii " and " .cI'Tj." thoiiuli they primarily n fer to evpi in iues <.f Moses. in~e:i>iMy ulide into a lary I'lii-. ver-e practically repeats the thought of vv. 7, 8, h It ( li.iracferi/es the t«o dt-peiisalioiis b\ Ire^ll. iiu i>i\e, iiaiiie-. 10. II. Ill t!ie eMiherance of his eiilhti ^i.i^ni for the new dispells. nioii, the apo^lle .illllo-t -ee'll^ 111 till- \iT-e to deny [•< tile old the i; iry wlii.li he Ii.id alre,id> cmi eeded t.i it !• h.id .1 L:!or\ ol It- oun. hut It- >;Iory i .i- noil'iiii; in e.iiiip.in-on u illi llle I \.-. , dllli; cI' l \ ol the , ,|!i,T For indeed that i.! .li-;.eii n glorious as it is, has no r. .,1 glory in comparison ' with the surpassing glory of the other j (lit. Ill this r,sfi\l. I'll , nut tlir .vio i/'ilJ.VIH.- A'/.'r.V. the l.il'. r pl i.cM- .h linini; the former). For if the passing, the tr.in-iint. was accompanied by glory, much more is (not sliiill hr see iinic on ver S) the [permanent e-t.ilili-hed in glory. Ilu- j prepo-itioiis Sia and in appear here to he I inleiilion.illy iisi-d to stiKijest respectively the teiiipor.iry Kliry of the one dispensa- tion, .iild the inherent and ahidin^; K'lory of the other. Tlie Mo, .tie di-peii-.ition '•raiiMiorv yet lloi without nlory : the t !ir:-!' in di-peii-.it !■ ■!! eleriial, therefore es- -iiiti.illy far more gloriou,. ■ .\ par.mrapli like 'In- eii.iMe- n- to -ee Iiow pioi..ninlI>. how . .\ er\i III Ininiiilj . r.iiil vv I- iinpres-ed li\ tlie eon-i io;:>iu -- of the ■ I: rtrrrik e ill, It Je-n- had 111. el. Hi- v.ive .1 'i.'.'i' ivr. I'l liirii :<> flu -piiiiii.d li;-l .ly of til. i.ue. ih.it -ii,- ui.ri.l ol i.hv;i..|'- p.."iliili!\ anil n.ili'y .111. r llini I ,iiid ■if iiiiir-e ill lliini Aa- dillinnt fioni. .iml tar more KlorMii- than, the worhl wliuli had (irecedid Mini lie -|ie.ik- of 11, Mil - tJSsiii.; (\,r 101- It 1, III:',- ous (ver. .*>,- \{wo\\i^ ^»a\W) nlorioiis. And it is so, i hecaiise, while the law was bound n|i with I iileas of condemnation and death ( vv. a 1 7), the ftd-iiel was a message of accpiitta! i.aiid life, \\li,ite\er the future iiiikIii ha\e in -tore. lite in Christ, and e-peii,illy life as a preacher of the K''''*I>el, w.is even liere .and now glorious; it was Klorious to be free from i,in(l,-mnalii)ii (ver. g), glorious to be secure aR.Tinsf dralli (ver 7). Tliis j;i--iiredly ua- the lite liicleed. If would he .1 h.ippy d.iy for the church and for tlu- world, it tlm-e who n.anie the ii.inie of Cliri,! w.-n -'iriid .1- I'.ml w;is, h\ ilie tliiiimlii of the Klonoii- world into w hich Chri-i h.i- ii-!iered them ( )!ir es- cape to Christ u Hut, as was Taul's, from 14U II COUINTHIANS. (Cii. Ill I I I ..r n iliiit wliiili ilom- away m;.< (jl>>ri«>iis niiK-li more that which remaiiuili IJ Si 1 Uir tllrll 111. It 111--'- -'I'l' llDpO. «r 11-c >J.U .11 |il.illini "I -pricll : I , All, I 1M.1 .1- .\l.'-< -. 'I l":t a \ail 111- l.m. l!i,il ill In II i>i Urai'l ,.,,.,1,1 n,ii -ir:i.li..-i:\ I. Mik to the end of lli.it w hu ll i« .i!m.1i-1i' 'I • 14 I'liil lliiir iiiiniU urn- lilimUil: for mill) till- '1.1.^ r. in.iilU'tli tlii' ^.imc Vail iiiil.ikrii :u\.i> 111 till' riailiiiK "f llic "M ti^i.iiiiiiii ; whii'li Villi l^ tloiic away «n 15 I'litt even unto this day. whon Moses is f«ad. the vail is iiiion their li»art. tin- liiir.l.ii of till- Ji\\i-!i l.iu ■ ■ir -ii\i- tii.lr IV 111 f'Tlll, dltfirrlit n ni Ir- '.nl III -|iiril It 1- iiMu li till' ^.iiiH ' . I'Ui' liuii. ,iir 111 I l.iui- ti. ilii- li:m-uiil. to lluil .Jr,.h .A r''--"'- "■"'V = 1 liri-l ! 1 '11-:- I ' """ ,.(, , ti.il , •! 1, r 1 ^"i i.i- 1 A 11, 1 ilu 11 1. Ill who vi.iii.ls wrliin ili.ii "hI'I-. -Ill 1:1 -ii'iiry. III.ij l.ii tli.il Ik I- .ilu.iily luilin 111 a world of " surpasMitj: Rlory " tl it'll I ).:r.i,lii.ill\ 1,1 \,iiii-li. V , 1 1 w .1 - 1, , liiiK' 11 > I \ .III! -- r .il |iiiiiil 111 tin iia>»;iKi'. liow- iiiv iM--f. imt till- mtitltloii of / /,,■ I , ,/ R, mo:, d ( lii. l-'-i*''. 12, 13. Ihi- tun ili-^iirii-alioii^ arc still fiirtluT iniitra-tiil. tin- time with >lKiial enipliaMs ii|ii.ii thf fraiikm-s and frridoiii i-haraitvristii- of iIiom- ulm arc "iii CliriM I'aiil aiM'iars to havi- Imii ari'iisid ol nl' M-uri!i« tin- «osi.rl (cf, iv. .P ; in' :iiin-'i tion. 111- hint-, t-oiitd In- w iflinr-- I- till- LTiiin- "I till' 111 u ■li-lim satimi .I'lii. li.iMiit; ii"tliiii'.; i-i'1H-i:i1. 1k' can -iK.ik i.l.iiiilv riii'l • m n 1" MIn Hav- ing, then, such a hope 1 il ■ Im-; i;l r.\ (\ir 111. we adopt great boldness of speech (,,u.ir,l- all ui'li uli,'iii "iir iimi- i-li\ luiiiu- 11- ii"o i-i'iilail III i-aii .iltnrd ,,, 1,, ;i,,,l ,Mii liiiiiiiil t,, 111, Ir.iiik. And wi- il" not .a Mil 'ai"'" i'"r i.uij. as Moses put a veil upon his face t I.M"h \\\i\ ;;i. to keep the children of Israel from looking stepdfastly upon the end of that which was passing away. I Ik- ti.irv.itiM in l-'.Noiliis (xxxiv. -N)-??) as- sails ii.i n.is.iii for the .-lOtion a.\>. perhaps not to In taken too seriously.' Acconliiik' 'o l'.\ 'In-, M.ise- appeared wiiIumii tiie \eil IhIum jeho\:di .attd before ilu p., pie, uliiU lie w.i» lit in t rinvi J' ••' - ■ when the message Ii.hI heeii ili li\ 1 1 iil. lie put the veil on (a point nii>i epre-eiiteil in .\. V. which in vcr. wnumly reaiU till for :e/lc"K .And. a- the iMiverv of the (livine itle-saue wa- ace, iiiip.inieil I'V the shiiiiii).: I.ace. i'anl infer- lr.,ni il:e il,,iinmv; of the veil hnmediatcly alurw.irds. that the i;Ii.r\ Ihi.:. .111.1 th.il ilh >'i nci , I l a iver, Ill .- .. - . .Mi.^is. liiit the ti.iiiMence of the nlory. and the inuliililv of the Israelites to recoy- iii/c this transience. I'he vaiii.-hiiin Rlory was svtnholic »>f the traii-ieiit disiKl)-a- tion. Israel did not see this, but heeatisc of the veil, thoiiiiht of it as iicriii.aiu nt ; their understandings were hardened. 14, 15. For up to the present day. at the readinK of the old covenant- I'aiil iN tlniikiiiy cliiclly nl the law d l U >. in vcr. 15). lint tlie applicatii ni to pmphi.y IS ijiiite U>;itiiiiaie tel. i. jo 1 - the samc veil (ni'l. of ciiiir-e. .Muxes' viil. hut the M il 111 'liiir in.iliiliiy ti. ri-coi.;ni.r tin iriii- p,,i,irv ii.iliirc 111 the Mo».iic ili 1: -.1: ii 1 remains unlif^ed t f or mily in Christ is it done away), but till to-day. whenever Moses I the l.r.v. tile rent.ati ik-li I is read, a veil hcs upon their heart. Ili ii i> the -aiiie slight i lianyi- in tin- ; . //-iiu taphor. .1- llu i c u .i- in llie i pistir of vv. ^J, .? : ihc M il. mice nil the face of Moses, is now' nil tluir hi. art. The transitory ii.iture of the oUl COM nam is hiildeii from tlu in as it was from their father^; hut the iinphcitiim is that they are more ciilp.d>le — the veil i- ()« tht-ir luiiit, anil it lies with tluiu to repent and return (\er. I(>). fon-iileralile ililliciitty attaches to the cniiNtnictinn nf fxi] lii'aKoXi irro^itMM' in vi r 14 .\. i<. \ . takes it an acciis. ali-nhni-,— " ;/ u.'t heing ri-raai/.-i/ (In them > th.ii it i-^ ilmie away in Cliri-.t." I'.iit ln -nie- the cniiip.ara live infreipieiicy of this jiarticipial ciiii~iriu - lion. it woiilil --eiiii imicli tiinie natiir.al to I l.ike the word ui'.h its cnynate hd\iuna earlier in ilu- -eiitiiice. .iiid lint- to ;i~ 11 jit to the ii'iurili- -iii-e wliicli it ha^ in ,\cr. l,*^ ( dl■a^e^a\^UMO•l>; Trpouwffu), uith till- \ : .■ili-il lace 1 A. \'. i> prnh.ihly tluTclnre ni^ht 111 tran-latinv; ■'tlie vi ' rcni.aiiietit iiiituk,-ii ii:>ii.v." thniiyli appariiiiiy wroiiK in I niiileriiiu "-.Jilili iveiH is ilmie :iu;iy in ('hrist." ;is o. '■i i- nni cipiii .alciit to 3. On any \u w of the ver-e. lunvi ver. the I i.;re,il iitter.iiice remains that "the veil (or the old covenant) is done away in Christ." Ill) II ( nKlXTin.WS. Id N'rvirilul.^.. wlini it >Im1| ti!r:i I'l the I .'I.I. ill.- \ 111 -ImI; 1.1 I lk. II .i\\,i> 17 N'nv llir I nnl i» tli.tl Simil: aiul Win- tlic Spirit III the l.onl i.t, thvn- u liNriv. i>i Kill «ilh ..|. I'l 1 cl.i - ll r I Hi, I ..i ,1. .,ri' ili.iiiyr.j lilt,, til. ..nil,- iiii.iKi' ir.'iii ni.,rv I" «'"'■>. . " ii» l'> lilt: spirit i>f tlu- l.i>r(j. Ill- .ipp.ar.nu-i- ;i| ,,ii,'i- fil'-ll- ,i;,| .il', ,li-Ii, - I ' , ''11 ,■, .M 11.111' . It 1^ ,| ,il U .i-t I r til'.-,' :i: II III. I 111- 1, I.!- 1,, ihc I i " 1 I > . ! \ • ; 1 ' 16. But .whensoever it shall turn to the Lord, a^ny the veil is taken — ili. Ill, lit 1' ki-iI'IikmII) n«. ,1 I .1 111. tiili.,,. aii'l llh' Vi lli 1 ?r»()i, i^Hirfii 1 pm til^l t'.r » iniili,i-is. ili,iiii;li nil til,- !,ii', r pi.iiit t,„i niiu-!i >'n-sv i,iiv;lii 11,, I III 1„- l,.i.|, till- wiiriU ;iri- |ir,uliiMliy .1 (Hi,,|.i'i,m tr.'m |-!xi,(l. xx\i\. .?4 liuTf thu nli-niu-i' i~ to .\iii*fs, Uvrv it inii-t liv wiifir wluilur to till' Ih-tirl, upon wliich thi- mmI hi'i. i>r t^• Jsnii'l, colK'ctivily (cf. Koin. xi. ui nr in tliviiliially ( Tif , one). In any e:\sv, to turn /.' //(.• /.,ir(/. hy wlioiTi Paul nnist lu-n- nu'.m ("liri-t. 1^ Ui Ii;iM- till- n-nic)M(l ami t" ll, li, 1,1 ill,' .■si-i-c.liiiir Klory of Ills tin i ' '1 an.j .iliiiliiii; Work, which not only ti iii~, . tiii^. lull ^iipiTsotlcs the dispensation tli.il IkhI uiiiic lu-l,,r,- 17. r.tii! ti.iil -p.'kiii cirliiT of the new iii.irx I 1. HIS fr'iit^ 1 < i.il \ jj 1 u.t, lii l.t'i j'x -piril : llu' p.n t i,-n I.ir .'Ii ir.i' i, ri>lu- of it yyliich I'.iiil li'i. -.l,,-'-. 1, n- m.-,'- di>m — and where the spirit of the Lord is, thiTe is liberty oi all kiniK : iri t .iont. as \vt' have seen, from o>ii!.! cover.ii't. drliviTaiu'c into the itiitraniiiu I, 1 life o; the spirit. IK-r.-. more partieiil.ir' it i-i the spirit of the man wli.-f vi-i,'n is Hot oliseiired hy any v. il.— u Im ga.', - ;i'('/i (>/>t'n tiu c ( ver. lS» and who declares frankly and fearlessly what he scfs (ver. IJ » 18. But we all — nol pr. ;!'. '!i r- .il- ni- !'"t .-il' ('!iri-'i.,n- - miM.,- "•!',- |, u 1 ,-r. ! ■ > with face unveiled, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed ul'il,- u, 1 -,- ij".- iit.-.) into the same image, from glory to glory. Ill' V'-|i,l is 111. imrr,., in M.'ii,-h t!',- glory of Christ is rclkctcd. llu- w.ir.l xiToiTTpn.iunoi 1, ,. I,,., 11 the Mihiii-t ,,| tiiii, 'i ilispiit. : till tu,> |M>».iliIi- im-.iniiiws ar.' m\> n in \ U \' . t.-M ,in.| maruiii re spn-tnt!> , /;. ./.'M.^ .iiid ,, ti,; hiiLi 1 .i« Mi .1 iiuri'.r I I I" ,11 \..i, , 111. .111- ■• I,) -'l"W 111 .1 lll-l I ' '! .r .1 p! , ,l- , t .1 , ,' "I 111.- ilii'l'll. 111-'-! 1., ,1, '. Minn, '1 I 1 •!!,- ."n'.-M 1 II - , ,111- 'iti.l.'iil,-, ,|K I ' i.i\..r III,- ri 11.!, t iil; ■ ll, ll.: .Iiiil; " | h, J, «, 1,.„1 I'.ok. il. I'llI ll,:,! II, ,1 , II ill,. i;I.,r\. .1 V. ll li.iil hiil.i.ii 11 !i"iii ill, 111 t,,, I],- . .irlur .l.-«s. th,- W'l "11 \l,i-i,' i.H-,-. .111,1. |.,r ill'- l.it'T. ill.- \, ll III', .11 ill, 11 ,.\Mi Iii-.irt>. I'-'ii tli,' M il 1. ,1 .'i,- .lu ,n in ( liri-t 1 \ . r. I » '- if i In 1-11. in> !...'k iip.,ii 111. I..'r.l, and Wf really s. |||s >;|..ry. lor tlur.- no veil iip.iii lie. iris, liitre i- no xtil 'ip, ,11 t'lirwl's f.it-e, it.ir is llu re a;i\ upon ours; "ue l.: il I- ippiK .-x pr.-~s.-^ Ml. ir nik. .1, ,1 v.. at ih, t'l-vL-u, rr:.llty Wli.i' > 111, lilt |,\ /'', -v ../ /, ',/ inn t 1,.- ii.iilu'i.d ii,..n ih, .-nn -1 \!. 111-. i;l,,r\ is 111 p. in i.-w )iy I't niyiiiu in, 11 ,.11' ,,f ;i -t.it,- ,,| ,.,n,|, iiiii;i' I aii'i 'I' iili :' •" ,i.-.|iiill.il .111'! lit, . i.iit I " '-^ -1 111 i-,-iiipri I'l-ii-u.- tliiii,^ il: in j ill- I .ill,"-:,ll-i-r ul'Ti"!!-. .iii'l 1 1 , .■r.-unini; t;!,,r> i> ||i. r. -nr: , vli, ,ii 11 C,; ^■^ ' l! ill.- '..;!■ i\ "i til,- ti-, n .111'! iriiiiiiiili.iiit I.,,r,l lip,, 11 uln.-li ill, ("liii- n.an v'.'i.'i''. .-iiul Ik- i;.i In- 1- inins (■•niu;i tut,, .'/(,■ .v,,-;ll,' ;/„-.. , ,1,1,1 |„ ,-,„|„ , like his ri^eii l.,,r(l. 1!:, p,,„ , , .uradiial .m--. /(.oii ^l,.,y 1, - ' , ,;,,,,| this also «iiui;, -t. .1 hy t!l,- pr. >< ii| |,-ii-, ■ It ti'i' l>, li '1,1. \ t- !((,• ,'',■,'!/- tuniit. • iii,-,l K I'll- refi-r.-iii-.- is I s,, iiti.i!!\ >,, .1 ir .-i-fi'mi.; tioii of eliarai-ter. The ah-r^ is an inu,ii,| L'l.'iy. 111-1 ('lin-t'-. i;!..ry. Ii..wever -irik- II J iniL'!;' ll, lis extern. d in inilestati,,!! .-It llis -'I "lid e.'iiniiir. wa^ < ->,nlially Hi- trtiiii',- I'liant work \V.' ar,- tr,iii-t", inn. .j ti.-m ,s/,''.v ^| ,c/"» v. fr.itn i;l"r\ t, , .in.>ih.-r ati.l ! a hii-'lu r. !i!i!:! vm- r, 1. i. |h. >-,^\,. n T r I XV. .sl--.t I. riii- -ra,|i!:il a: 'i . i" . • - in - ! format ion is in-t -n.-li as "in- u -•!'! , \pi,-i. .■.imin« a- it .!•,.- from the Lord the spirit. \\t. I- '--til.' I.,,r,l is th,- -pit;! ') -I'ow- tli.it 111!- i- tin- iri:,- r.-ifli-riiii; of dirA Mpi'oi iri'f r Hit ros, ,in-| 110; (il!i,-r ,,t the 1 otiii-r tlieoretiially possible reii.lerings — 144 II lOUlNTHIANS. [Vn. IV i.f ili-iiiiiu-^tv, « .1 '1 .- I' r.iit •! ■•'>. CIlAi'TER 4 II,. r liaiiilliii«' tlu \\..ril ..t Inrii Hilly ; I Tlttl.F.F.'«% -•■'•"K ««• h-.nc tins min Imi. I.v in.mU. «',,l,..n ..I th. ur.iU o«« iMry .1* wf havf ri-cctvt-d morcy. wc faii.t in. .i.hnK '•nr...... i., ...Ty mm, co„ ntn ; J* Hut liaxf rciUMimi hiddi-n l' frfiiii tlu- M.irit of l!"' l or-l" «r (-till Tin' .tfxslli's I < tidn.ss ifi.l s :iu,fi:y as a K-s,) •' troin tin- I "I '■' irattHformatuHi i« i lUii .1. .i- li i- M-iirci- (irit ..f Chrtst that transform' kI'Tv .mi. I I 111 - if^ ' in I I. ril.lrrU ' v; \'.r-\W . vhil'T :..ii .'f till- I ! V ,<\ I ;. ill 1'. III. '11 1 .1 . . •in 111- • '^v 11 1 iri liar I II . II Is tilfiliK lliir. I'.ri- ;liat \]...I.IU.' .1 ri.i, iiMi, , 1. ii.iui .I'll i:!-" - Willi Kr..it li.- -li il'l ii"» . Npress thi> .■Np.tuiu. in 111. ,rc p. r-.nal I. rnis Therefore i i-. i-i>ii- siilrrim; ilic yL.ry anil tlu- lil.irty of the ni-w ili-p. ns.iii..ii. i.f wlndi lii- i- a mi«- i.w. ' heeing that we are in possession tli.ini'ht ..ml . iiliiMii.,.. - 111 .1 I-:"" "i'- 1„ ...lU .11.1 p-^M-r. I li. p.ill • ' I i ,v I !. ■-111' 11 " '1' 1' " '"^ MM,,, r, I. l,.r ll;. .t.rii..l \r.l a li.n lliat , ^. , . , , - i,|..,,',.| i...l,i\. !li. I \planati..n of this muUitry. tl.it thr..UK;h air-. . nil , ■ - , i. ,,ii. II II.. u. .1- It til. n. .1 in'.ral . ■ .1 v.il I- lip. .11 III"' Ih.ut. w!ii-tluT tll.il \,il 1„ u.Mii I'v prijii.lu-i- (.1- was tiic (it -111. turn i>r claim of onr own. Lnt in accord- ance with the mercy which has been shown us Iiy wlun 11.- i.ilK.I t<> it l\"ittl 'lK-f.'.ri'' liis V..n\iiM..ii) or , ii>Xt«i^nvc.l wli.'ii nu n ti Mil Iv p. ii-.iii. n. ul..ri....- .iiM li . . 1 ii" face Hirist. -Uli.'n tm-n turn l.. • i .;. -a ar.l. 11, i ■ >l - , lor.l tlu- M-.l is t,.k.n :.u;i\" In II nn , lr.,„klv. I.. .Llls h. li.,- .ili,...l:. cl.iniK.l tl'u-v '.-.mfront till- fi.rnal ..I.I. 1. .ni.l. Ml.-. .1 i.. il.i < m i-i with linn, tlnv si. in. I witlmi it In I I m tli<-v art- in« t! ' liail i'\ . r n-. .1 . the hidden thmK^ an.l -p.'ak aiul ... ' iiiii.n!-.' . .f tin -pit 11 u itliiii, 1 , , , , - . |..„ ,1,.,, ,,„rit nn,-t !„. ., fhii-ti.in spii tjof shame: «li. in. r Tf,, aicrxyn^ I- ,lu -,,-,it .i tlir / It is l.>|!.''i.i"/.' 1. I'N a 1:. t." .■• .f, .:;il, tin , 11,111 I hill. I li.il is ..11.- a-p.-vl pr.u-tu-.irv in. •ll . till I lie p.,.^-!. iil.ir i r... k. - II. r.' r<-l 1'. - i- frar itu III. I I -pi-, i.iliv ill Ins pn . il.i. I. It 1- tlu -pin i.t.,Aiin; nil] l.iiiii. ,1 Till- ul'.i ;.'.i- i li.i It I'i'r.. 1, ..| ill.- ni.iil.r: tin- ..lli. r 1- tli.it the traii-.- f. .rni.iti. .11 I- tlt.rt..! it< .' i" U-arii . I' llini ami 111- -pnil '.v k .■ .iviiii,' at „. • . , . - , , lliii- ,11.1 -t.a.I.'v 1.. li.'l.l 111-* i;l.>r\. walking in craftiness nor adulterati- ; siK-iii'h lint siin-Iv .|...s t!i.- .pialiiy of lii- the word of God. th.it i-. tlu L- -p. ' iii. nts tlt.il ■' 1 !■ •• 1 ,. I ii 1:1 Ik- Jn.k. hi.- p.i-s i.MT int.. ..1:1-. I I! a.-tiia.lk. ln-,-,.iiu- till- \.r> niiim- ..1 tlu- |..:.l mI-' Kia.'c rp.'M \\ ii..-"i tlu- -I. .Illy tluri- r,,n 1:.. 1 1 .- n-f. -i .nati. .11 It ; a .Liriiii: ati.l w..i..l.ri:'l ).i.-f:i, ili.- -.■i\.int .- 11 .'.nst \al ,,,•(■;:, I-' 1'.' u'!i .;.-\.il. .1 I'.i.'- ::p..n i ^■■-11. N"-t . 1' 111, .x.ili,.! i ..r,!. an. I !.• n.u i r.ni- n .vm. ■'i"-i- ..t .ik-.l a- 111' ^.i/.s. fr. ni i;k'iy P. glory, till lin.i! he wears His very image. '.i:.\.r 11! I'.y I., |. .lu^ t.. .•I.p.lIUIlls lllil ,!... 111.. M I.- .k-p. n-a- lii- .11 :i;i .1- arc 111.-. -I II .. 1 . .iii.l.vr. II.- In.! 1., .-1! ... --r.l ..I • C'lnill. ■ '■■ <^" kiin-i It ( i-l. in i ' It is Inn.-, lu- I'llt lu- ..Ul- ll'- lU •■!!•' < iiiki" :- .1 i>..t ' tcrs, nor to any plausible adultiratioi Cb. IVJ 11 <'ORLVTirt si* 145 .\ hilt if otir Kiwprt be hut it hiil t„ |, .> thrill that arv |ii»t : t ivt . 4 III whiiiii the n. ..| , „ hath • "iiii blimU'd the iiiiii (It 'uti, . ; :-'li«vv Ml Kospt l of i<>-. l,in villi; ■ il ■• ' >iiirt ri; > . .i >iiii . • 't* « i. «'K II an !>luvi .iicil II, ,11 ^ tt ' ll lie- :>■>>• In . ■ i.!"i-.irliii: > re i every haman conacience i 'he itigh*^ Cod. A- ip^ II-' r ., uliiri 'iw liv|Kiix,ii II. .'.iiil ,, |.. iiK~ ill iir ti. >• lllllst .ir\. .111(1 t \ ■liii'l.iiti. a- tlif MiikIciI tli.iiii-liis .11 I ' \ tlli'M' 111 " tlu ill lli.H ,irr [I. fi-lllliu • ■' 1 Kraiiini.itii al .iw kwanlm i>f th, ■ ' . ' I- Miiju< >l> •! Ii> ■'111- -. lii.l ir I ,t I l.i-- I nil iiiin li yr.iliiill.iflr il !■ I'll .■W<\.T. >Illrllll| llnl 1„. i\|U,'tl| 11 I l!i<- : 1 )>i-lii!.ir 4 vU 1|. Ill S( r.ril I 1,, "•'•1 i:.Ui .1 ir-'luitU 111 iliii- iuMi I I '<• > :i, 1|. t,. tis tli,. I, ,|„.,: .I.ilin |,,r ' ■ K' r';'!! "f "'111 111 ili.ii ,11, |iiri'liiiiK " ! .'l" ■' 'Ik- nil 11 ti:, lOi \\ , V .III, I . (1 •< II.'- It |i nt III ill. .'I -ilit-t It r ll • l:-lt I: ■ iii-r. illr .il'i i-.it'if-t. I., Ill I- ir \i .■i It: 111 ..{ -. -r 111, ll ii.-i- iii 'J I - '. ir \ V I !r laaf I liiiin.ni II' 'I 111- .III ali~i iliiti- ii ~t iii' i I II) . I'aiii ri 11' iii!^ ' ; - I' 'ii-i i.iii- Ml iiM' r 4ht of GOD I.I ir Ti- I- III! aiijii al I III .\ ' . " a;'|H;il t'l fi.-rv -i I vrii !.. < 1. 1.1 1 1 i!ii-i It. I , . ill. 1- Will , ■■ "1 til. .!. . .! W tin 111 It nil 11, /(' , ' . , - . ■: :'ll l!- . " . - '1,-.: ■! '11 i:;. .IimI l.lm.N .11 .1 Illv 11 /.-.-, • ■ -11 In III. lie 1 r.a.liiilK . Ill i lUr ill. II! • , 1 III.. Ii, t I'.f ill. ' 1. ,11 1 1 1 I. III'llI, ,s .-iii.l I-!- : ■ [ • 1 . '. : ill- ■ 1 ..i til- ,,. 1 llLL'l 1 tll.lt 1 'll,' .i;;.- nil (■ iri-i .-. '■ . - .11^. nil. win 11 t'l, , S I ■"I- ll I'P. ... , ll.li " "I -I'.i'l I'. ' .ill 111 .ll! " It ( . .r \ \ i-- .'-.it. Ill . .» 1 1 ti'.ii-K.il,),. I, It, , , Ml- «ll.i~C 111. ,11. It!,, ivlii ■itr^' .i~ .V.I, I'.iiil . !i, ,v , spr. - i-'u Iniii • ll 111 a.-.-i .nl iii. i- \Mtli till nil n, ,,| 1- 'ti'ii . > t !■ I'll 11 ■■ !!-,• in ui. ,.| •!„• , , . . . , i. i-.M lit 'III' .III- ■■ . in |.,|.u y.| ■! , ,.| il-il Illlli-i I .-imi.|> ..I M\ ;,,| I,,. ,.,||,.,| - ,1,,, prill,. ..| tins vv.ir.lKT I r il-qili, ii\ ...|-|.|" 11,, ,,!,r,.-, -'i-.-i', -t- .-, ,!, ,|!. ..r- 1. I : .i \ (• .-im! villi 1 ri a ^ -,• ■ :•■.,! , .i , . . . . - ,, i , ^ , = «'-;'-l' •■ ■ '- .''.- • ■ "to t»revent y uli.'iii n V,.,, II i.-i.l; ,;. I. the dawning of the hsht I t , in 1' u.is :.■;/,',/ Ii,.w ,..,.,M / k > of the gospel of the nlory of Christ. .. .. .... 1.1' iut if our gospel t' . ; ' who m -i ;iiT!,,;i • .'•''"''"a- i\': -'1 ! IS is the image of Gud ..rriri veiled, it is in ilu- u - - ii„- ,i...|ii i.. t o I the perishing that it is veiled. ■ k. _. .-, / , i i I i.-i- uh'i n ii't.h.i!, tlu- .^'....i, I ,iv ,iri .1, ll, .1 -.'.. -il.! )„■ •■ t!,, i..,,,, t'> I'aiil iVHuii', vt.iinl v> !l 1-. ii.li-niiii .1 : il.,- (/..',• il;,. ( |.r ..' ... vi il. uf uliii-h tlu'V c 'iiiiil.iiii, i- ll,,-:r n, -.v .r,.] ...[..r:.,!., , Ill-arts (iii. 1.^), .-ind tlu-y an I'li tlu- .ly lhiim;!i .!,,t.! it,... il,. fi> drsti Uitii'it [ dwoWi utfott i , | lu-v i nii- slitiiti' tlu- cla-.s tinalTcitid liy '•tlu v.m ,-i v.iviir of Christ" ( ii. 151, an,| f,,r uIlmi It ui'I iir"\,- itv.lf .1 v.ui.r ,,( ,!, ;ii!i 1}^^.^ an- those whose unbeheving minds 1 hi. thoiiKhis) the god of this world lic. Satan) has blinded: literally •"in wlu.m .. I 1. . , : 1. . 1. Iflin I -II i.-i I I- ...1. ,1,, - |,.,, \f..,. ,,f till- In--' M.'s.'^ c tii;' n'ron I !!• '■. M' I an, r _eir-,a(j,-ti tli.- ,,iiit- ..n f.-rl u.,,:.- cfTi'i-tivi ly v'mi;. tli. ■ ■ -.iilhn, , 1 i|,,. "I'p.iMtinn nryaiii/rd |,\ ' ,■ •'i..,,! ,.i (i ,, aiii'" tn the pri'iiffvs ..i - ],. ; ! . aim is to keep it not mily fimii shining i .1 -'.Oi- 146 11 CORIXTHIAXS. [t'H. IV Clin-t i. -f 111 l...nl; an.l or.r.clvis your o„r luarl^. to prr the .^1 ol lie kiuml- '.r'.k f.r .aU.-. .■<1k^- of tho glory of God ,n the face of (, l-,,r i-.'iniiianiK-.l the hglit Jesus Chnxt. I (tho IM 'in i.i- I li Iilinili-il 1 uf't'll ilh-m l.iil frc.m slinnim at ^|,.,v ..r ( hiiM i- |«n\rriiill> li\ th- •v.'f.l- ■• uli.i 1- til' iin.m.' 111.' \ i-il'lr iiu.im ' .1" th'- im i-iMi- « ■"'1. I II'' liulit lli.it -!r..iiiw li"iii III- Kl"i'y, linlli.iiil ■1- it i>. I'liKim- mi-rc!i liy those whom iinlxlii l li.i- I'liii'li'i. 5. 1m- li. .11 a.-.-iiM il l.y his ol>l<" lu ni- "I pn.u liiiii^ •■ Iniii-. ll." How im- 1,'.-mM. :mil :ili-iir.l this charge iiiust have s,.uii'l'il I" out- who was eon>cioiis ol s' lii'limr >\.rMinre withiti sueh a lila/e ol h'.n>iil\ t;:"rv. ami who-e wh.ile auilntum in life was to interpnt that ulory tM .ilhers. aui ti"'! 1 I nn-ell, siinly cculii iiot'hi' yiiillN "I pnarliin.i; hiin-rll\ ■| 1 wh'i mill' tlu- ilMrm- ina\ lia\e nuant, that, a- I'anI liail ii-i kii"'an lli'' eartlil> otily I'll faet t hi> 1 1\\ II It -1) preach, '1 ur i\ in I'd w. "t II ' -iiN In- I'l l av laiu; "I II mi re-t< 'l h:- iiiia-i:!ali"ii. ii"t ml ( ihi ift i\ al tlu ii i' 'l i' 111 I'l 1 :i'-lu-'I . '. I'l. a-. -I'l I'lila; 11 >ii-. 1 !>■ ; lull ''1- i~ For it is not ourselves that we but th. yl'.ii'.ii- Christ Jesus; luaa'-ll Mini 1 as 1 Lord, -■' tliat ]ia\e II" t'-ir. as serin t" III t\ • ai'iii/ii'.i; ( '•i7>'o ''/"". 1. -' I I them. Iliiinan la.iru an' .lark, till they .ire thn- illmniiKcl; a veil 1- upon tliein, nil u 1^ I'lncneil liy conversion to Christ ( ni. 15, till. Lunversioii is like creation; it is iiicieed a iiew ami greater creation — I'.ir while, at creation, (iod cumituiinled the Ii:;ht to shine, in conversii>n it is He lliiii.i.li who sliines. I'uhiiiti this liroad statement lies the part ieiil.ir e\|HiieiKe of Paul's own convei-ion. I lu re he was smitten hy a of .n erwlirlinini,' ulory. ail'l the face from which the ylory -li' iie was the fiui- of i'hrisl. a slea.ly .-ni'l al'i.l- itiir nlory, which I'anl from th.it hour ha'l ii'MT c'ea-eil to -ee. ami' w liieli wnlil -iiMi,. fur i\',r — iinlik'.' I'l'- Irin-ieiit .e,l"fy uliuh lit the I'aee ol Ills i;m at antityiie 'liiiif clear Kt^Tia^ibf , . . illiiniin.'itioii iiitiiuUil to (lie shone i/ir of the a. Ms t" the lea that the le >lioiie ill my ■is). Something for Iiotii virus. On the one n:i the shilling face of Christ - I . laM It 1- f."t daii-e T»>"5 ' \ u \v t' I the e. I'tc") is a ot shiiiiiif^ j;iV' "ijlit ly ) or w ! , ■ ' 1 r it of .-liiii'.iiy the I (1 'tlu over von. I hi the e"iiMar\. we iii'.ull Ihiii as i oril, and ourselves (as) your servants, for Jesus' sake: it is for His vake tli.it -ir\e \"ii - - that yon niay he hmuvlit witliMi the ^'lorioiis dispensation vJiuh II. crial.d. atul lliat tlinmyh the proclani.itioi! .if Hi- eo-i>el the knowledu.- (if I'll- Kl.iry of tioil may illiiminate yo r hearts 6. This viTse eviilains \ii. A- n 1- (. ./ w ■mil u.iM' 'till r- 1-^11-' - 'k niM- H.ive I'a il till- dk 11111 t. 'Il inir I'll' M'l-i - ( ni. uliiilur till- I xptarov ( " \\ ' ! !i jof the kli.iwlr' 'ikil'orale the i' Iiii iiiv lie.irt t' know k'.li;i'. etc. -iiiiple tii"il'-lit , li'^li! niii-t lie .lilYii-i'i In art to ri\ e li'.^nt /.> ; 1' ni lie sai'l I Ii.iiid, it wa- ^ - - l .;t his coiiversi .11 that Paul saw .and hecame ...liiainted with the iilory of (!od. On the |. th. r h.iiul, the previous verse ha.I eii.h.l kv r.iiie-intiii^r I'aiil as the servant ol the (.'..rinthians f.ir Je-its" sake: that is. he iiV'st pri:!i-h amoii'j tliettl. tliat th.' lii;!it which shiiii's 111 III- lu:irt iiiav .ari-i- and -hitie ill tk.il-. I ke p. .--ikilit ii-s ;ire so ' viily h.-ik;: '■. '1 tk.i! it 1- kn 'l I" 'I'vi'le i . lw'.'t ti ' in In li'iiir im-i. (.'"I -Iioiie m I'.nil'- In .irt to bring the light 'uk.ili'- '.' !i;ri-. It. or. llir.iii'.'!i km. t" . lli.n - < cf the knowledge of the glory of God in ot l.ll I. 1 I. (the face of Christ. •!,K I ! l-'or c , .1! |. "1 I'l I 1 n shall shine light in our hearts. \au\l>i I 1- trail- ( ... t'jn. I 11 1 1 '!■) I 1 ( I iiiini.ii'il' .1 till 1 I here i- n tki- \\"rk devil ill'- killi j/iiiii'.f 111 upon said ttr-- tw. the God. who . ; 1 " Out of darkness He it is» who shone .\ISS w;i\. r 1" ' A' 11 'I a!"'\e I .11"! " I'-.in I'.irl . I I'llV t" I'l- a man i-"iiiprotni-i-. w I lu :it. omI.: ■.Jl! /a a tun of (.. ■/ •• ( ■nil- out 'II' r ..'I'l Ilia 11. 'I. tin their liiart-, ;itul illimi of il.irk !i.r,- - .'f tk. ti'iiii.' in. .1 pu. mi-iiii; ti' 11 t -p. .iks nun. Ill' li.i'^ \\ itlnii hroke -l.inn .mil !'i- ill aim:,', i ~in i-iall\' !'. r. Ill 1- a ni.tii -liua rily, u lin fri Is the ;/!.;'' r //;.' Irnlli f'l.ilii il'kors ,1 ...I er. » ' in lii^ 'I mil'' ■ -v ol'liya- inil who -nh- >l .iiid lit".- ;is nipr. -lra!'.ilit li'itii 'l lii - . 'p, nil. . IhCI'I-i' lie i- 1' the liL:lil Tkr upon liini in th t" the e. m-i i. iiees ol .f ^p.cch ami conduct I-, .n-. i. .lis of st.imlinii yl.iri.ins lii;ht which L' wav to Damascus, Cu. IV] II l'()KIXTHIAXS. 147 " Ilitt we have this ticasiiri- in t-artht-u l not (hstrc^-iid ; vi-sc of God, atul ii.il of iis i ,) IVrsirnliil. tint tint S li t' lift' troiihk'd on I'xt-rv >iiU', vit i ilowti. Imt not ilr^trovttl ; wr itr,- perpli-xed, hut not forsaken; ca»t l!ic -IiiiiiiiL; f.u-f < . t (p.cl, ,, 1 liaiuit liiiil I'll! a- lir wa'iks ill ti ilhnninai ion aii there is a snKKeslive view — ^jnst indicated, not elahorated — ofhi-tory as a Titanic conflict between the power-- of litiht and of darkness. There are fon-e-. organized, as it were, tnider some " K"d of this world," conspiring to inti-nsify the unlnlief of nun wiio reieol Jons and to Mind them all"m-llur: forcis \\lio>e dia- liolieal and deliln r.i!e aim i> to prevent tlir ilawiiini; "i llir of the nlory of (.'hri-t." anrj to s< I nu n on tlu' r"ai! |o (K --iriietion. i'.nl auaiti'-! thrni iMTnioie lielil^ tlu- iiri at ( li >(1 of hijlii. ul;.. oni of tile (!i ( ]H -t il.irkiirs, i-ai! i > 'nuiiaad lit^Iil to an^i'. Into Mili'd .and lilnulnl Iir.irts, when they tnrn to llic I. on! ( ni. IM, ,i i;nat hi;hl >!ri'.ini> from lii- -liiniiiL; f.u-i'. ■ iiid it i~ day. Miosf wlio li.ivc llu- liulit ,ir. divini'lv snnnnoned to tlilfnsc it: this is their share in the eonlliel wnli li.irU- n^ss, •• \\c are vonr ser\ants for Jons' sake." Till' ria};ilr I'csst'l and llw Uloriinis TrrtisiDi- (iv. 7-15). In the preeeilini: «rtion«. I'ani has heen speaKin:; nineh of iii.iry. The dispiMis.iti. iii, 1 I wliieli he i^ a mini-ter, is ma- ..f < \rr. d 'jlory. The Lord of it a I ■•f i;;.>ry, tl is, in one .aspect. Ilis ij!' i> 'ii.it i- ilu' ih. ine of llu' yo-p, |. |'i,,'ii lli^ -p!i niK nt f.ic'e il i~ i' f u'"!'. oi(,, .1 11mm M if ihat slnm -. .\iid w ' li, ImLI tin- i^li'ry of l!ii- l.orij ate ihiUisi Kis Iraii- fi'rtnid inli' iIn- ^.itvr nn.iu^e Ipmii uiciry I" (iiid. t'lu-i-i. llir !i. w ili-|i. !i-a tioii ,-i:id it> ininisirrs. all ,il;I i .oc i.'l.ai.iM~ tlir o|i|i. mcin- I'f I'.iiil til !!■ ni.a> l.a\f SI, mill SI iiiiri lijn'j; iiiri mLTroMs^ .niil alnii.si ridii nlons, in lliesi' Imli! e'.iinis of hi- In ylorv So far from .-idxaneinu frntn u'"r\ lo ylory ( iii, i.*^) "his !...ili!y ]irrs. eiVT. ihi'v say. is weak and Ins s|ii i di i.f no .iccoimt " (X. 10). The external ap- pe.iranci if i'.fii! did 1 a 1; .ill siiiiL'i-t 1 '> u li 111 I llll ni.in i\ It Inn ^^ a s 1. I K - a li -. ! Ill- .an \ 1' Mrs .iml d.niL^its '■ win.li 111- w.is (iiniinn.illv In' si l li.id .0111 linn onl lu iiire Ills i-.ini- : lluv uire kiliniL; lnni. .1- iliis p.ir.iur.ipli cspn-ssurK hints; and ttai .ire snnir uho e\rn hcliiM- ili.at liis I'pp.'iiiins rci;.iril<-c| his sntTi rini-s .-i-i dixiiu 1 !i isi ineni I he contrast lietween his .ippr.ii nice .and his claims was indeeil ulariiik; : how coidd they he reconciled "' I Ills comrast am! recon- ciliation we 11", V pmciTil to consider. 7. But we have this treasure, that is, the kiiowlidue of the sjlory of (iml in the face of Jtsus Christ i\vr di, .iiiii perhaps, in a larger sense, the nlorions tm'nisiry of the Rospel. in earthen vessels, tli.il is, in li!idii-s mortd i\ir ill and therefore fr.iil, .and i'\pi's,i|. as was I'.aiil. Ill spri-ial daiiLii I s, as~an!ts. and li.ir.issitu; <■ \|ii 1 u iu ( s I;.,] tli.i' sMi li a Irr.isiire slioiiM rr-nlr in s!u-|i a h. ..j^ w.is ri-,i!ly 11" ni.a i' .nisliMiij tli ni lli;it Kold >>r siK ir sliMiiM lie il, |i. .s||, ,1. .as was s,,nii- iMiirs i|''iu-. in \rs~,|, ,,(■ , artli. iiw ,irr It is lUMv safi' to ,irv;ni' frniii tin- \is,,| tn tlie tr. asiirc. Iiiih i d, this \iry incon i:rnit> liil'AiMii \.s>,-l and treasure s,r\is ,a dunie piirp. .s,- h is in order that the excess of the power, ih,- ,a|».s||,.\ , \iraor dinary and irtnnipliam aciiMly. ;dloi;etlier in excess of anylhini; th.il otie would nat- nrally havi- expected from one so worn .is he, should be reCoKm/ed to he God's 1 ToO Ofoi ) and not to have its source I'O in us. Jfow could sneh a man ac i-oinplish s-ch .in ,x,,-,Jiii:; iiil.;hly work' ''haiK. .nisNMis t':i- .apostle, .-is the power displayed is out of all proportion to ih,- I in.in hinisi lf, it can not h.ue conic frctn llnin, it can therefore only he (iocl's di Ml. 1)1. 8, 9. Tills,- ^,r-.s ilal.ir.iti- the con tr.ist 1,1 twi, Hi", !i 'I 1.,,,;.,, MM-.I and liaras-id mii .ill -mIi-^. and tlir di\ini- p'-wrr uliiili ih I i nU sM ' oils Inm. Imt eMrni-'ii- I n il'!' s liini li . Ml- ti 1 h ( \ 1 i id) ;ind II I iMi I nil In every 1 direction > pressed but net inextricably i li: 11. : n ,/i i',- i'ij.'m 1/ A.' r.M 1 . ;, '!i M ilii 1 , I ■ Ml ,■ . 1 ipi' iriin 111 perplexed but not to des- peration ( li r tills word pl.u, (iiropai un'oi .and t'i'iT'-oooi i<»i'0(. iniiio--ili!i n. p imI, 1 adi 111!, Ill iv 111 I'imllsh, 1 t' il'iiM iin 1 i ;i pur- isued, but never forsaken hy dod. thrown 148 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. IV 10 Always Injaring about in the body I 12 So then death worketh in us, but the dyiiiK of the Lord Jesus, that the life ! life in you also of JcsHs might be made manifest in i e\piis,Ml. the latter his j;eiieral aliunde (pres. pic I to all peril. 10. I lu- \ ,irir(l I \perii ncr- snuMJe-h il li\ \\ ,s:. cj .11, -iinniK.I np .ii'd illunniateil ni Mr. 10; evermore 1 irnirort ci Tri -poii. U I, , <'i' jrio-Ti, \ I r I ni my iiiis-ii 'iiai \ ti.ixels I jripi t bearing about in the body the dying of Jesus. 1 lu- lierceiu-s ..| till' cxpiruiicrs uitli wli'cli I'.aiil w.is lieiiii; C"iuiiin.ill> confi.'iileii. already plain enough IroMi \v. S. ij. ;iri' p.ithetically ilhistraliil by the word ett^puictf ; they coiistiiiuei,ii<\« c/ ticath. They were uradually killing him. and would one ilay kill him Mtit liis coiisohiiii'ii and his joy was that he shareil this experience with J cms. lie. loo, and in similar ways, had lieeii snbiecled ti> ;i nr.idiid dyiiiii. uliuli li.iil ■•nhmn,iie Ill that the life also of Jesus may be made manifest in our body. I lie ImmIv wliii-li w,|s the s, ,11 iif the i/y/".:.'. 11111-1 .iNii lie tile siat 111 ihi' 'niniipli o\ir thr nil ii.ier ..f (le.ath • .hpI ;!;e tri;iiii;ili w.is ilVriliil In llle ir. ll^ J:r Jesus' sake. .\s Professor Deiiney says, "To wear life out in the service of Jesiis is to open it to the en- trance of Jesiis' life" (lixfositor's liihlc, 2 Cor. p. ifi.?). II, 12. The tlioit«ht which ver. lo had eNpressed iiiysiic.illy. ver. II eNjiresses more di limieiy. For we, who are alive, are being continually delivered over unto death iiUic iiuleeil. Iml with this ci.r'.imial meli.ice of (/.M.'/l — for Jesus' sake, in order that the life also of Jesus may be made manifest in our inrrtal flesh. Tills si iitriiee I I >rn s]innils pi and eliieulales \i-r. lo: cf. ati, iraiTori ; the' (liti'ienh lihr.isf " ihe ilyiiiK of reiil.iceil 1)\ the simpKr ami less "ileluered to death for Jesiis' the "body" lieconus the " iiior- Tlie exlnliitioil of the life of Jesns in bodies of fniil and mortal Acsh IS peculiarly wonderful; and this is the •livmc purpose of the apostle's daily ex- posure to death. Not all such exposure manifests the life of Jesiis, hut only such as is uiideri-onc for ), sus' siikr. The suf- fering which is fur His sake, is conceive -nlTi rim;-, wliii'li are ri|M.iiii; ,iiid i n ■ ! iii*. d ni lli'i-,. tli.it ,ire 111- Consequently death works in us, but life in you. I'.nd. ihniijli >et .a;i\e (if oi vuwTn, \ cr. ni i, sl.,\\|\, Imt |s';:r!y if\iiii; dviii-J. ll.i\\i\ir. for Ji'sits' !.v,//,i'. it i- )),ii' i f his mini-try of Je-iis. i a:id li\ th.il imiii-'ry. hy the go-liel of ije-ii- wliirh he pr. n laim-. lilr /'.T i '/'.■/ 1///: I in the ( '■ ••inlhiaii-, I heir /.."/ii,;,' tlius jfriim his the life that is operatue ill '.]'.■.■•!< '.: <]•.:■ life 'ha.t is m.inifested in ■ liim till' of .Irsiis. 13. I'aiil ha- iii-t spnkell of the death which is workmir in lnm meantime, how- ever, he iniiiht s.iy. ^iih tlii' I'-ahnist ,(cxviii. 17) ho is not dead, but lives, and Ch. IV] II CORINTHIANS. 14» 14 KtiowitiK that 111- wliidi raised up the that the abundant grace miKht throuKh tli J ..-l.^n'li* '!!*."'* " " °^ J'^''"'*' >'ii"JL'|iirit ol /ion ami coiifuleiiee : an rs, w hose faith inij)! lied linii to ntti ranci. : hr, /,i,.,_(Aoi rifiiif, tor tlu' a.iji'^ ,iri' linkiil cull to each by the honil of faith) — in- h !iuh r .1. ilu- • conrsi the -.ulii h.i- Ik! I'rit the ■■ liii-iiiL; " in view for hiiii-rli rectum from the nim.u . - vv. la 1 1 > wineli pr. .\. reetion life nf Jesns 1-, in ■ presentation " slious th.it K-en -pirrd liy the pi 1 K-|,iiins the lliliTiw wi^rds, of which Si .itu.iyint traii-l.ilion. is same spirit Ko'-pol. Till of faitll. liolilly ' miMiuiin ot the I'liiil (|iioii-s the r.itlitT iiiu'iTlain — perhap.' "I hilu\e (my fai:h i-- t'lM'd 1 when 1 speak": hut the m.im poitu. the eoiiiu'ction of faith witli iitiiranee. is iin- ■imhlmioii-,. Till- spirit of iiv.lh Is the ^iiirit eoniii'Cled with failh, tlu- spirit whi.h mainle''Is itself wliere li''h w pir^enl Trne faith is not silen' lira\e and tiir.f/. It impels I'aiil tf , • ; tb.e j;"^- pel, though it is graduallv • 'iir lnm his life, that the life of Jesns )>e operative in others. The olivions v.>>iiiieeti(>n in (ireek between wiVnt and iri(rrfi'o^ei> is somewhat oliscnred by the English faitli " am! " we believe " ; hence the remlering " we have faith." 14. Taiil's persistency and courn.w in preaching the uo-p. 1 are <|ne. in part, to /(;•/.( in the fttlnre — in par- i faith in the rr\i(n;\ ti.ni. lie by his vi-ion of tin- day when " r.iisi d n|) " and " pri -.-nti i! " with his Corinihian eo;i\irts, be more corint to s the aposiK' so mneh of r ',•,/.'. ■ raisid. and Is !, . nitit tl luri- h.is l.iil> risur h.ilh lit h,:' 'In- n-siir llmi Cut the anl li.is III \ u w the tinal and literal resnrrection This pas saye seems to be cast in a ililYereiit tmdd troin others in which he expects t.i Ik- alive at the coming of Christ (cf. 1 Thes, iv. 15); hilt he had already, once at least ( Cor. i, S» drawn so near the gates of death that he contemplates his death before that con- sumniatio:i as alloi^ether possible, lint he tih'us that he will rise (..r. to be more iMinct. •• Ik- raised") z^-iHi jesns ^ ii,,i ,,f 'oiirse. in pomt of time. tli.,- he uill pr.-eis. lb It is lore 10 I. j.sllS l,h'. siirreeti- '11 < lie a!l.ie!ii ^1- he t. ul I tc ol ol am. liiue 1 the won nih i l lain .iriiiu •■ be ( hi Is- ■■ ( ef V Hie lllr ass,, and It IS Ins ininhty tietilar to hi is sustained lie w.-!iM be in e"nip,iny ( ir it u I Hih till- is t ol' i.iiih 'i.'ii are, |.,r I'. ml ^I'ln bill kind;\ .^l i a! I I ■nsiiniiii.i ' ^" ibleiis r.inl .iiniil • ni'l when l.u'r |.. lend, r aii.l .iih-e ki Words itli v.'K. I.ne ol eniph.isis. ilipain uilh his is the \isio|| ing that He (tiiat i-. < up (the Lord: omiv.d Jesus will raise up us and present (us) with you. the resurrection ( cf. v, 1 1 .-ilford to be brave. Iiisiead MSJs. read Jia 'Iwoe -.^ : throni;li Jesns). liut ffiV ( being better attested, and finely suggests the lie sp,;!,.., I, who 111 s,,nii- also with lb \\ th,i' malii r know- raised .\IS,^ i Jesus Is .Ml and l;e if 01 •' • \ V III), h.- is more prof' /.•//,':,,f//i> of I- ol ran ■I line , / . -id. s iimd. I'aiil in the resnrr. elinn expenene.- before in His " dying " (ver. 10;. Jesus, w ill [ir.'s, tit iisiialiy I 11. rpr tlu- I llilnni. llt - se.il If tl-..it be s, 1. at "s of that pres. ni his .•iiiiM ris, n it tlu- llloluhl of tion that sustains -in. I .m d.inger .''lid p.-rse.-n- 1, m. face w ith de.ilh. \ , rv tioiiate aiv tlu- eonebi.liii which are Ki^en tlu- p lie will be pns.ntid in beloved converts ; ;iiid tins ih.it hi-.irt.-iis him. 15. ^es: his eoiuerts an- uppermost in ills ilion.;lits. For all those things th.-it I have done and siitft-refl (\\ f< 1 1 1 tare) for your sake.s. ihat, m this u..rl ,„ kii..ul.du.-,!. and thiis (iod will be gluritied. There is an obvioua ili HI II < ()K1XTHIAXS. [Ch. IV K, l',.r wliuli \M' I'.iint i1m| ; l.iil i; (Hir lii^lit ;ittliclion. wlii' li Imt IIkhihIi "iir ..'iiu.ir.l in.ni i>. n-li, \tt tlic I'T :i iiioiiuiil, uiirl-rth lor us a far iiioro jiiNv;iril iiu'.H 1' r.iirwl .l.iv li\ .l.i> ,.\ov.lniu ,iiiJ lUii .'' wviulit .il «l"ry: w..r.l plav (i-l. \.r S» m nXfof^aaaa, TXfioroJi' (■• ri'iuUrnl iii.mit.'l,! llir..imli llu- oiiiHv ' I. and Ml xap". «<'X«P""'"» ( ;,''>'"•. ^tiihtuil, *. Tluri- ar.' xviral miIut ways. h.i\vr\t r. of i niisIriMit); this iilcin-i-. ar cinliiin as we n«ar.l (at »rXtoi.o\ti'iMiiv; Tr\tioi\i.'f las i;i,ik.-'\ hil; -I i!n '.^1' .ilM- nnnit>iT " ; \ I III TTtfjioatt ori Il.lll-l!U>' I .Is I ,1- \ \ . li d 'llllli I : the lliank--:'\ iiii- 1 II I !'"< .1- .'llio llu- I mil. a1i..\i . Ill llh I.;:-'!: •■ 111 ..nil r tliriiiii;li 'h,- yi.n, lui yiiiir lll.iIlU- jlliiry yriMlt-r n calls 1 1 1 tfraiui' I viT gratitude i| (mdl I'm' ,/ \ I ..nil L 1 \ 1 1 m al-i. lust St.ml' y t'\)il.iiiis. (iih1'> yiHidiir^s, uliu'li, I V till' Kri'-il'T ' • I ,tliT ,'i> mr, may inako i.;ri-.iliT. and so (iod's " I 111' |i;issapf stn>n«ly as taitll sluiidd find lit , »o nrac»' should elicit \isiiin ,ind cunratii'- ,i coiiram' l">rii in part ul the xisinit. Will iniylit .i man. In- lie prrailur nr o'lliT. dn In^ umk Willi li arlr-s I iilliii-iasiii aiitiil pi ix riii n in and I i;i|i, ..-ill. Ml. >yi-^ will- -h .lill.l-l !>■ t'lMil iipiiii till- ilay, ulini lii- .iiid tli..-c |..r uliiiiii lu' li.iil Nin'Ci-^^t'.ilIv l.ilii.n-d U"!iiil lif r.ii~iil .nil! pu- one with his coii- vt-rts. and loiiks forward to the ^lad day w hon ho will 1>«* " prosoiilcd " with thim. And ho is one with Josiis — ono in snffcr- iiiR and doalli, and one in the resurrection- life. /'/!,■ C,7ii/iiii(f Hope I iv. i(>-v. ?) What a harassed .-iiul ti'iiip.snMii- hlf Paul tmist li.ivi- had! llu p.irtuipU- in vorsis S and i» an- o'ai^inl with a nnil titnilf of v< \atioti~ I \p«TU-iiri s, w liu li, would ha\>- drn i-n a stnalU r iii.in ti. ilr spondiiu-y. it not to ilrspair ( vi r Si I'.nt 111 all tli'inv;- lu- i- nuTi- lli.in ci iiiipuri t. lncaiiM h.. 1^ iii^iii 111- III liriin; s.i'.iin.il li> a -iiTiu;!li nut In- mMi llic iiuI. >niil.i lilf will whirli lu iliiiu into In- ini-Mnnary woik, llu 111. II I lu r,L;> will; whu'll lu- (irns rciilnl il. urn > Irai i\ nut In- i>\vn How cunlil -.1 li.iil ami -l. iuK r a ''••il\ ha\r ram..! . m .i w.irtaia- > i iiniriuli 'I's in it- oun --iinutir Till- piiuii tli.it -limr- so triiitiipli.ini 1\ iliriiiiiili llu- lioilily wi-aktu-ss is mil 1,1-, 'liiM li.i.r- Tlu- life that Iml- d.iiU iktiaiua III iK.illi I- the life of .le-''-. ili.it 1- 1 \pr> --niy and revealinji itself in liiin 1 hri a in lu- the secret of his pow er - ill his eoii-iionsni-ss of nnion with (ffi' i Jesiis ■ us /''■' -.K ilh y.-.\'ii.« tli.it is Ills iiioito (\(-r i.jt. IK- MitTers not only fur Jeslls' -.■ike (\tr II), lint .IS Ji-siis siitTeml "( Vi-r toi : anil a-- lu- -hare- Hi- -n'Ti rinu. so will he ,iK'i -Ii.ite 111- resinrrilion It i- upon (In- -.J H i. Ill- liiipr. i-r r all:, r err taintv ui'iWth, \ir l^i tli.il 1. -n-'am- In- 'liar.i--ei| >;l I lu lil. ..I l. -n- i- indied 111 linii. Lilt tin r. -in netinii i- la- fore him Ills faith K'^i'* 1''"' ,ipii-tle'- iii\ ilU'ililf pi. 1111 : rile -.lerrt of llu- eiiiir.it;e lie ii.i- .ilrea iiKule pi. nil : lie is -ll-I.lllUil li\ tile hie if jesus wllull is daily ni.iiiili-sliiii; it-elf in liiiii. amid we.ik lies- .md ili-tre--. .iiul lie i- sii-i.nneil hy the -lire hope o| the r< -n rn e; u .:i I lu- lu ipe he now priK'.eil- In illii-trale mure tally 16. On this account, snsi.niud as v.f are li> llu- hie nt J. -n-. .■in.l hy the hope • f re-iirreeii. 111. we show no weakness. 1-1 If a simil.ir claim and a similar reason, ef. ver 1. Ilii\\ eoiild one who was in p.Ksessioii of -ueh a ministry (ver. I) and -uoh a hope, play the coward? But, though, as a matter of fact (indie.) our outward man — the frail, mortal hody, which, ihoiivh siistaiiu-d hy the life of Ji-siis. IS iie\ i rtlieles-. on the w.iy to death ( vv. S-i 1 ) -is being i;radiially destroyed, nevertheless our inward man i hi- moral •iiul spiritual personality I is being re- newed dajr and day. r.vi-ry niornniK I'.inl i.el- .1 lii u a.ir--uiii lit -ireiinth antl joy, a- lie t.u i - .ilia -li the work ( iod had Riven him til ill I 111- spirit knew no weakness i.r ueariiH-- ii i- nut «nhiect to the law I I ili c.iv and ile.'itli 17. \ erse 1- ^Imw- u hat l';inl means liy • d.nlv reiu w.al of tlu- inward tti:in. For the lightness of our affliction, which is for the moment, tli.it 1-. wliuli l,i-ts nnh til' ill. nil I.r llu- eiinnu; nt' ('liiisf, is working out for us, more and more Ch. IV] II COHIXTHIANS. 151 i8 While we look not at the thinKs which ;ir(- ■m < ii. Inn ,it llio tliiiifZs which art' lidl M( II l"i tin- liiiin;^ which arc svcii temporal ; hut the things w hich are not seen arc eternal. CllAl'THK 5. I For we kiii>w that, if otir earthly , hoiix- of /.'i;.v tal" rii.ii le wi re ilis.,.)K < il, v\e iliave a litiiMinn i.f (hhI. a huu-e iu)t made I with haniN, eUriial in the luaxens exceedingly, an eternal weiglit oi f.\oTy (i-f. kuni. viii. iXt. The nlory i> flishcii hy the sufferinn — iis natural fruit. The phrase ^n**' v»€(>(3o\i>i' tit i'wtppoXrii/ ( lit. " in exceeding tneaxire and unt" an eNceediuK i.^Kne "* inu>t no with tiu- verh, as it cannot go with thi- noun ( >o .\. \'. ) nor yet with the adjective: that which is I'lt'rnal cannot In- ni' ic «o. Tin- aflhction is real --o real, .1- m- liave mcii, tii.ii it is (jrailually killing I'aiil ivir. 101. Imt to eyes tixed upon the (jlory. it i> /,.,/;/ It the one were wei'..;heil ayaiiisl llu otlier, the nI' Ty uoiiid Ik lieyond all ci iiiiKirison. the hea\ier -tliere is a vi ry ,>, ;.,/;.• .p| nlory, .\!;.iui, in iliu.itiMii. m u,i-h', lliere i- 110 eoiii|Mrisoii . ilie ;itili. i;..n will la^l oTilv nil ile.iMi iif _|e-'i- ecini,-. the fl\'>r\ uiil la^i inr e\ er I lie i;I.ry is more lliaii moral .iiiil spiriiH.il. n a'l the i.;!ory of llie lu-w ;ii;e winch is nsli.ii.l ill uiili llu- coiiiiiii; of C'lirist. 18, It is those wlio h.ive fxrs {akowoifTiaif) for the unseen nlones. ili.it e.vperience the daily renew.il (\ir. I'li. The passing atiliction works oni the eternal Klory, because we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen; for the things which are seen are but for • season — icmfoidiv rather than temporal — but the things which are not seen are eternal. I he phr.ise "the things which are -ten" is ca|ialik' i>f a lar^;e itilerpretation. nor \\oiil I this l: .< th.it will he I , ,l - oVVll ..1> h, 1: lie e.irlhl t.lkell il t< \vhicli I- r- e.iilliK .it a- n.. .l.aila ; > ho.K which, 'Wll .it ileatll. ripl.ictil whether then I'r ,it the of ( hrisi - jiy another, a he.iveiily rn.il i'c tilt is-iie tlictioii. Of for he /.;;.■.-, like ;i tent. will III coniiiit! ho.lv For we know that if our earthly tent-house be broken up, .is it will l>e h> .1.,mIi. we have not nureU a tent Imt a building from Cod- lie is its vmrce I i anil cre.it r - a house not made with hands iih.it is, snpeniaiurat t, eternal inn like the temporary lent I, in the heavens. Ihe cnip.irison f.innliar to I'y tlianorean ical '-opin ,,| til,, i.iiiliiy |„„|\ to .1 irnt, U"i.|,| |,e peciih.irly n.ihi'a' to one who li i'l iam-i lt hei n .1 leiil iimk' r ( Ac's wiji. .V Ihe i.irtl'ly hotl\ ,h.iie, llu fi.iill) .an. I t. ni|H >ra! nc-s ot ilu- the lu a\ , niv h mIv p.irl.ikis ..| ihe st.,|,ilil> .111.1 pel iii.iia iice of .1 l it ',hii,:. I speci.iliy .1- it |s a liinMiii'.; wlio~e nl.ll^er is i,,,,] coiitr.ist recalls ih.n |,e;wriii tiie tent .iml the citv 111 llehreus \i i). 10 | 1|, t'l wliich I'. ml looks |orv\.ii.| n a I'.-.uen Itself. It Is III hea\en: it is til. Ih .iwlily ho.ly lu't oidi/i' with Ihiiiils Ihe s.ime epithet c.'tild aNo he fairly applied to the n.itiiral hody, and this to.i is from (iod (1 Cor. xii. .'4 » : hut the resurrect i.>i) hody is divine in a sjucial seiisf ( cf 1 Cor xv. ,V*<|. and the epithet here is s.iniethitiK like I'ur ■'siipern.itnr.il" Ihis 1m..|\ is i-litiiiil. till- t'tlt lioily itp.'ii til,- ,-,iil!i tiiriyttox. nut ■ made of e.irth") is iraiisieiit. dissolved at death. Jlou h,is Paul ihi- ilitiiiiti' ,is siir.ince ( ofS.u.ci', cf n 141 ..f tli. he.iveiily hodv? If. Ill spit.. .,t Ihe jilnr.i! miniher. he IS spcakiin- nu rely t"or liinisi If. !ns ;is siiraiice may he .1 u'lft of ili. spun (ef. v.r. 51. It is .111 inu.ird .•■ rtamtv If. h.iw- . \ . r. 'ai' woi ii- im. rpre'ed i.'. iii r.il sii),;^;. s| 1,,. 1;,]^, ,, I teacliinus and 1 1. 1 ;iinl Ills r. .i.l.Ts. lis. 1 11.. I .ih. r S..111S ihi- iiiiin- .^im|ili- .is ih, know ll: \ 111 n '.. n I. r t • liti^ .lis. u , II Kn leil n.i Ion_-. I iiiti i Maa.il !. 111. namrai 1 cl ■ . w.irds ..f thi- ll, IV e t.i he , ,1- li..ii--.t .ipocal;, 1 '! 1. ri. 'w ,1 'o him r kti.'An to I. Ilowevii, ( ' < r-e are. Its pr.cis I. rmin.' tmctly coiiti'mpl.at. own ile.Tth hefnre • nie.inim; is v.'rv ditVunlt to ( )ne iliinu is .-. ri.iiii I' ml .lis till' p..ssil,-|;l . ..| 111 , the Coimim 1. 1 ( hr'si. 1 j1 ,ic\Vi^»t^^So*^' ^A.ttfs 152 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. V J 1 (,r ill ilii« \v>' Kroaii. larnisily desir- iiiK tM Ih upon with our house wliiili i- ir'Mii ln.iMii: 3 If so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked. Hp lonK> iniKid t" In- amon^' tliosc who will nol <1k- l.iit l)o clianniiiKlit liiin M, to .l^:itli i-> Cor 1 t'.at lie fe^K tlKit 111- ••daily lu >i aiui- unto death for Ir-u-' -ak.^ " ( iv. ill may wrll issui- in .l.alh il~.lt. it -o. wliat tli-u lli•^ an-vsir i- tliat. Mi^tiail ..1 ilu- lalloi. tint. \vf lia\i- anil «<• .ire -luc ot il — a diviiK- li.m-.-. tliat i~, a .■.K-iial, su,K-rnal ural 1"..1\. \Mia' 'l'"~ l'^^' ""■•>" ''> /,,, , it - •' I 'or- li< nu aii; we have it now, it 'is .,urs alii aiK. l.i-a up for us " m the luavcii- -' " Aii'l 11 •"■e «»• *" cini- Ilu- r.lation of this l)o be K'iveii luiiiuihal.lv at >r ii-l till the eoniiii!; oi t liri-l .' Soiiu- -ihoi.ir- pr.lVr to h.lu ve tlial lhi~ hodv i- «i\. n ai d.alli - the li.iil lenl- ImxI'v. .11 It- .h--"h:Iioii. hnnir inManll> r.' plai'.d hv llir ,li\m.- . trni.il h'l.ly , in ih.il c;i-e. llii- 'I'.hI ( hii-lKin iiu. i- at .'lue and'fulK r.imppxl npon lii- luav.'iily hie. A «eneral n -nrr.'i lion aivf i iidi;iiu iil wonhl. from thi- jM'inl of vu w. !>.■ sniu rllnon.. ; tlie soul'- (K-iiuy ha- alri.idy he.u finally determined, an.l it hi- .iil.ied upon it- nt'W life in it- .ipiiro))! lal. .■. K-ti.il liody. We lia\.' linllur lo i.uu'mlH-r that the thoimhi uhhh I'aul i- lure expre— iilK is a r,.n-ol.iiMrv tlionnht. and any po-tpone- nuiii h. \onii' (U-.iili of the investiture with tlie h..ivnlv hody. would proportionally seem to .ii|>ri\e iiis thought of its eonsola tioii. M the same time, attractive a- i- the idea tliat the new body in-tautly rr- plaees the old I'lie at death, that is probahly not Paiirs nie.iniiin. Mis words must he compatible with the n.iural resnrreetion ami the judnment. K-tli of which h.ipjH'n to be mentioned in the immediate context, the former in iv. tJ, the latter in ver. to. .■\>; tlie-e tact-, .specially perhajis the for mer. would I..' d. pl. ted <')f their meaninj;. if the he;ivenl\ h. .d\ wi-r.' t;i\.'n iniiiieiliatcly after d. .nh! ii -rem- ni-rr r. .i-onah!.' to !(ti|ipo-e tlial that h' dy i- r< i;.ird.-d a- lu'- inp Kiven at the cominir of I'hn-i In tli.it case, between death ami His cotnitiK. tlie heluA.r would he in a ImuHI.-- state, the (.irthly holly having peri-lkii .iiid ihp he.ivenly li;i\ iiiK not yet Ircii conferred. I he apii-iK. however, di.l not regard this -tate a- coiniortle-s, .>r contemplate it wiiii a -luidder. Far from it; for in it lie coiil.l he at home with Christ (ver. 8), in an even more real sense than he could he in the body, real as was to him the presence of Christ in the body (iv. to, ii). Kven Drath shall not be able to separate us from the love of (iod, which i- in Cliiist Jesus onr Lord" (Rom. \iii. ,?fe-t I'f .ill will It he. if ilu- Lord conn-- wliile he is \et ,-ch\e. so tliat lu- will he -.ii.ireil the iiv.u) nee-,--it> of iImiik. "t ha\nin tlie ■ ti til " t.iU' II douii. ;nul llni- the iipni'irlal will hi- pill, like a rohe a- it wer.-. ( (K(f5i . .,;!() longing .1- we do to put on our habitation which is from heaven over i'TT) M,ir nion;iI ho, lie-;, seeing that, when we have put it on, we shall not be found naked (that i-. wnlu'iit a hody, 1 Cur. \\ .tri. If Chri-t should come h.-fore Paul's de.itli. he will have no iiak-cd. boililess con- dition to niu!eri;o. .-is. a-.Cor-ling to the ari;iiiiunl of v.-r. I (which see^ he other- ui-e woulil Tin- \ari;uit readings ttirtp .•iiiil »;*)f, .•mil -nil more tySiaififfot ;in(| tnHiadfiftoi (•'h.iviiig put I'ff," II'. the earthly hodyl .iti.-t the ditliciilty which from the lu-ginmiig was felt to inhere in these verses. Ch. V] II CORINTHIANS. 153 4 For we that arc in fhis tabeniaclc do silfsanie tliuiR (.o.l, «I,o also haili nivcn 6 Iheri-fnrt- ;,. ur.' alw.us i. mtiil.-nt. knowinR that, whilst wc arc at' home in the iKMly, we are ah-ient from the Lord: 7 (For we walk by faith, not lo- sinht : ) wotiUI 1(c iinclotlud, 1)111 iloilii'd ii|M>ii, that mortality might he .swallowed up of life. 5 Now he that hath wrought us for the 4. Indeed we who are in the tent ..f the "arthly liudy sigh, burdened as we are with our desire — not to put it off but to put till' luavi-uly i)ody on over it, in order that that which is morul might be swallowed up by the (Tij») immortal life. His dt ~ire is imt smipK to dif : to put the earthly Imdy ot'f will \n- tliv liinlu-st plt-nsiire i>iily if tin- lii;i\ inly body lio ;ii .'III-,- pill ,1); (»>«».) It,— 'if tin- niori.il 111- (j/'.v.M /'(■(/. ;is it wire, tliroiiKli its itivi'sti lun uitli ilu- luavtiily liody. //i,- /i,',-. .mil tlii^ iluiii^i- is possiMc imly to those who ,in ,ili\c at the coming of' Christ (1 Cor. XV 511. 5. ulKit i- tlio KiMr^inlfi- tlu-c spKn.lnl lii.;.(~? Till- di-i'p loiijiini; t,,, tlu'iii — arna^o^iti- ( wi' Kruaiil mi-iirs tui. c --may po«,ilull\ viiyyrsi. |,iil it iann..i :ili-o|iiti-l_v pr..\,' iluir nil 1111. ilc tiiltiliiuiit Tlii-ir ^jiiarantii', linuivi-r. i^ 11. . nilur ..ii'l 110 ii-ss than (iod Himself (••»«. at , cmphaiii- 1. Now He who wrought us for this very thing, tliis iinvsiitnri- with the hfaveiil.\ hi]il\, is God. and wc mav h. confident (ver. (n that the divine pui-pi.^e ^ will not he Irtistrated: the future is ma.le ! II Main hy the pledKO of it wiiioh we aireadv pii-M-- and enjoy in the spirit. He is the (iod who gave us the pledge which con- sists in the spirit (cf. 1. 22). I'rt'scnl or Absent. ll'cll-j'U-asinn to Ilu- Lord (6-10), '!lr (1. the r I. pur < hu- c .(■ tile iiiiinaiit 11. 'ft ~ .if ^< i"(i''ii liad In ell si^hiiii^ I \ . J, k<> Hole of tlii^ is iMio,;:,-,' (\v I'n-ssed as I'aiil ua- on e\rrv ^i I'd. and Mliitten il>\\u in. H. -jl. he u.inid I.iiiir iiii.|H :iU.iM\ |,,r the eleinal W i iiiht of^ i;|or\ : hilt th.- p. ix-ihiiilv i>; hi> dyiiii; liel'ore ( hn-t came, ihrnmli it did not make that pri>~pret any K-^ certain, pushed it fiirlher aw.iy. and rai-ed for him a new prolilem as to what would hecome of him and where he wonM he Ixtweeii death and the resurrection? Where art those who have "fallen asleep?"" (if 1 Thes. iv. 14. 1 Cor. xi. ,VJ, xv, si). It is this situation that Paul l()ok . /'r,if,/v in the face, as he remembers that even death lannot s,|,arale him fr.^iii tlie line of (iod in (. Iin-i, and thai to die, |o he ahvent frmii th.' Ii...|>. is I,, he ,il h.'iiie with Cliiisl I he ahriipiiii ss of the dreek in w. (>. ;. and the d.nihle a-sertum ..f liis ...iiiiileiHi- («afipOiyTtt, Wappoi'Mfi') show llo\v deepK moved was the soul of Paul a- lie f,i..'.| the iMissihdity of his death, .ind with wii.it triumphant oonfidence he was prepared to meet it. 6, 7. Being, then, couragcoiu (if. .\its xxm, II ) at all times, as heiame one whose soul was snsiaiiud hy so nl'Tiolis a prospeet. and knowing that, so long as we are at home in the body, we are away from ..tir li..ine in the Lord — an uitiraiu'e oh\'.iiis|\ 11. ,t t.. he taken t.'.i stra-lly. I'anph at le.ill) I'.ml Iia- .ilrea.K -''"'• "r at hast iinph.ii. ih.tt the life of risen I. - Is uas h> d.iily manifested ih 111 Ins . .u 11 ii I,' I IV 10. I I I : ol Jesiis nnisi ha\ I . en n > .•ind I'oiitina. .lis r.-ahtv. In ■! tore lis, li. lu I \ I r. ih. r . s..iiU'thiiiir of the (.r..k n hi.ily lettv'rs the s|iiin ; it ditt'ereiii .ii-.|. r of hi 111',; ;"i. .? , l "i il. .ilicl |.. he in is. ;.| s, :|. .iu.i> iri.tii llini; for it is through of faith that we walk h, 1. 1,1 the presetu-e liiin a i;reat ' passage he- " .Us |,, he II tiiat ihe '.iiill^S to .1 1 til.- I'X.lIteil t.i he realm . not through a realm of ,utii.d appearance. Ilu- Klory (IV. 17), and espeeiallv the «lorious /.,.;(/ we do not here see I'aee to f.iee. We trust them, we hrli,-:,' in them we are sure of them < iv. 141. hilt wc d.. not .i. tu.illv se.' them, iior shali ue niilil, aft.r ih-.iih. we eiii.r that other order of hems,' t.i whieli they belong So lure, in a s-.-iise, we must In hi' |iil;;i ill's and straiiL'rrs : t. is t,, h.' aw ,i\ fr. .111 the as II-. II, ,t it. i, the s,.iil\ tr. Ill till' jir. .|. it nil ulien h.- -.1;. ;h. r. in I I ■iithlriii !■ of aU heli.ver is . at li.'ine with 1 h."l.\ I'.iil pr. 1 soh.tioii and ihi then he is at home with the h'vf'Te tll.lt Lord"- riiiai he li.is heeil iii\a-t.d content to he in the lurd; and ' ll.illle. th. II. h-! «eti-e las h ft the ■s th< con- I'.inl — that Lord, e\eii .■••mini,;, .m.i hef.ire uitli llie he.i\enl\ h. dy So, with the presence of Christ as- sured ti) the apostle, death has lost its terror and its chill. 154 II CORIXTHIAX8. [Ch. V 8 \\V aro confitlfiil, / stiy, am! wiltiiii? ii» For we must .'til appvar before the ratluT ii> lie ah-ciit I'roni the hocly, and I" iiidKincnt scat of Clirist ; that every one In- pri »ciii with till' l.oril. may reciive llu' llm i/iw/,- m his iMxIy, I) WluTi'fort' \\r lalHiiir, that, wlietlu r I afcordinn tn tl'at he hath dune, whether it |in-ient or .•ili--ent, we may he acce|>led nf i;- oimdiliciii whiili -iipt-r- M'liis iipMii di;iih, rather to be away from our home in the body and at home with (vfwt, in relation to) the Lord. I hoiiKh the aptlf >iKhs ( vv. 2-4) lor the swift and painK-ss transformation whicli wi)nl«I he Ins, uire tin- Lord to ounc stiddi-nlv lufore 111' died, lir is alili' lo i-onlitnpl.itc lii^ il> .illi with calin ainl l« .ii|i >^ 1 .miIi.Ii iht. luHMiist' it will only Iiimil; Imii \\\'<" i-l">rr fill.ivv^hip wiih Cliri-i Wherefore also, sol,nced and strenittlu m i| !i\ llii prc^pi'i l of litintr at Imnu' uiili llini, it is our ambition, whether present in or absent from our home in ilu' linily, to be well- pleasing to Him. I lit- tluiimht ilu- I. (.I'll. ml. I ulii'^f luariT fill<'U'lnp iinl> With tlia; l\'ll.iu -hip in \ 11 \\ , .ill lili will In' iirihrccl a-' i" In- ,\ ri7- /■/!■. ja- !•> lluii \'\\\~. i> llir -iipii ini- iiiii' Ji.'ii ol .ill uli" ln liiM in I lull : .iihI iIk- inipli- citi.^n is that, il will he pii^--ihU' mi to pli aM- Ilini iM ii .ilti r di atli I wlu'n we are ■■ ahsi-nt " from the hody). 10. The amhition to had a life that Will he wi'll-pleasinK to Christ is strcniith- ened, if it needs any strenijthi'iiinK, hy the solemn thotiKlit nf His iiulijniint seat, lie- fore which \vi' sh.nll iiltini;;lilv have to staiul. // i//-/-/, I lull, for we must, all I'l n~. be revealed m unr tiiu i ll ir- aitiT before the judgment-seat of Christ, in order that each mdiMdnal ni.iii may receive ix.ui mp-'-I ths things (done) through ilu ;iiiilmni .ii 1 '5'" > the body, according to what he did (tV*J"4f>', a> (i/'/'i-i/r I \ \' 1 iu foro thi- jnili; llH'i! sral, liiit u ■ -hall llu ic hi- ii;,i//!.'.-.v7i'(/ ('.'ini'fpi.;('7;i-ni ), shown in onr r-^onti.il cli.'ir- aotrr, stripped of all acoidont ;ind di^- uuix': what we are will, in that aiinnst nM.nuiir. he r.n>\r r.-'.i;.;. and eaeh man of IK (iaaaTot) will iMrry ofF ( nofilariTai) liiv e\ael ( Tpos 1 .!< N( t tv I h,. i ii(|'.:nient w il! lie ,1 >r:; l,ili,tand hefore tin- iiiilf^iiKiit -.eat <•/ (/ '(/." rile e.i^y snii'-titiil 1011 of Llu 1st here (also fomul in some mfirior M.SS. in Kom. ) fur liod ill Romans, shows the tiniipii' and diriiw authority with which, for I'aul, Christ was invested. Ihe expression is " taken from the irihimal .i, reil .iiid j solemn did til - seal .appear 111 ihe • v tiot |olll> of the h..i!!lili, hill of the llll;-Il.in soeiel> of llu Roui.in empire, tli.il ulieii. two eeiiinries lalrr. tin- H.isilie.i lne.iine 1 he model . .f ! ( hristi.in |il.u'e ol woi -liiji. the n.aiiie of fjij/ua 1 or trihini.ili u.a- irans- \t rr. il lo ihe eh.iir of the hishop; and this eli.iir oec ; 1. il m the apse llie place of the jndKment-se.it of the pra?tor." (Stanley.) N'otliing is more characteristic of this section than Paul's clear an wluii hi-- lilf u.i^ a-.-ailiMl I v tlu'-r siilnli- anil imwrrliil furit'S lliat ihrcaliii till- (uacc ami wcll.iri' of tlu' soul. At till' worst, he could but the before tlic loiiiiiin of Christ. And. however Mranno iiiiKht Itc the state into which ilKritn.i«i- — ■• |iil«riniai:i" t.iwarils the l.onl. ' lie tile of J>>iis w.is manifested no dotiht evin luri'. it> lii^ mortal tlesh ; but beyond 111 -toro I'oi him or not. ho kurnvs , II III tlio lioaMiis ho ha-- an oMTl.i^tim; •so, ho knows that hi will wear the . stial hoily : ami with ^iiat. amid all bis sorrow ami pain, lie is eoiitoiit. Ho b.is eyos for tlie uiiseon tliin|.;s (iv- li*' ; bo siM-s them as clearly as the altlictioii by winch he is bnfTotoil. His eyo is upon the ■■ oteriial weight of ^lory." and alro.uly lu- lives with the (|t!iot |ov of otrrnity in lii- lio.nrt. i'art of th.it nlory is n llictiil l>.i>k from the future into the dark am! ri ! S in ah--! lU ,i the hody. to 1., wk'i] ph asim; to I' Siu h .111 aiulii i"' -iiioht well fill a trotibIe. Hut the thoML^ht o, 'he future was sol- 1 iiini/iuLT as well a- oon-"!u",e Th.it tntiire held : ■ MlL-lliout - sc.it .'is well a tlir'.i'e "I i;lory. And hoforo that seat all would have to api>oar, aiu\ the itn^er quality of ttivir !ifr w-v'-'! iw •-■•:p.->-e llio oonlonipl.i- tiou of the ^lory may lift a man over his atHictions. ami enable bitii to regard them as a hulit thinK; but the contemplation n( the i-.iilKiuent-seat sobers, humbles, and purities. Tilt- Ciinstraining Love of Christ (v. Ii-is). The pns-aue th.ii f. .llows is involved in nnieli dilliotilly. ami the precise conneetioii hotwoiii tho verses is often anything but obvious. In mmral. Iiowe\or. tluy eotitam a re;is-i rt loll of tho .ipostli 's snu eriu, .iml of his UI1-, lii-h ih votion to the \. i ll. no of t!ie I'oriiilliiiii eh'ireh It. I Ills p.ir.ii;! .iph is inlMiiately -on- metrd wi'li the i,i-t ( oei' ) hy the -..hiuii .iild |iiiril\ ins_' thoM'.;lit of the luduniiiit s It Knowinfcj, then, .a- ue hue 111-1 .iil- nntted. the fear of I hn-i, the Lord, ,it whose juduiiH nt bar wo sh.ill have to stand tn roei ivo onr dosirts, .nid in whose prosenoo the real soorots and ipi.ility of our life will bo transii,-.roni, we perauade men. It is not clear wbottior. in this somewhat j^eneral phrase, I'.inl iiie.ms tb.it he per- sii.ides men to einhraco the nospi], or that ho pefsnados thoni of his own sincerity; lo'li .111- porh.ips iinisl\.d. I'.-t whether ' ;- pro.-iehin-.; or dofi-ml'n'.^ In- motives, ia- ,ilw,i\s s|n-.iks with lia -..hiuii con- -^■■iisno-s of liis final .u i oiiiii,il, l:iy. In- 011. wulio'it w;ii;ii i; l;'l he stands before •lie iiKkin. ni s, .It o| ( Im-t. p,- knows th.it I'. ■ .ilia.idy SI .na hi d. oprii. .md tr.-in-- p.i-."!; j,i Ii.iH- Io pi r-u.ide u.'i'il ( '/(ujn-oi i I !:, ;.:!, , -P,,! ho ha.- lo reekoii w-iaap- -■ e: i, ,/ i • ''^i- ) -- lu iu'c In- .-uhl-, and to God we are .alrr.aN pi rmatu ntly iperf. ) manifest i . t \,r. nn. Mir fitiiiro iud'juiinl. and lia- pri -i :i! i ■; eiou-nr-s of (I' ll. \'. on! ! !.,■ ,111 i iireii',.' .!.'■'. in lo jn^ -■• ia r:t\. ilid -v, h . \!-t. And I trust, he .id'U. ih.it ■! - ih 11", of niy iiioti\iiiir cau-if. I n I'nr ilir li'Vi- of t'llri^I cmi^tr liiu tit 11^; IiiiMil-r iM tl.;; il!.!-,. |!i,it 11 mm ihcil fur all, ilii II «i T. .ill ill Mil : ! \'ii| r'; he .1 , .! i,.r .,M. l!;,it tli. v I lia !. i: \ I - ill i!l!il .1 l i 11. . fi M ''i In . nil . . I l!ii iii'i'K < lull iiiii'i liiin whii'li ilml I'ur Itlu m, ;ino .iK.-iin. \vt re t4iti!lv 'if i ■;ivinK yun an occasiiin of boastinn on uur behalf, in order that you may have an answer to otTcr those who boast in ~iim.ui' appearances and not in heart. I In ,-,iiihm-! I.i -u. in tlio /(il l- ( irpoiru'troi' ) aiiil tlu' /;.'.;' / i <.ii/>A«a ) is Ml|4i;i'~tl\ r. Init ilns ii"! cli.iMr il^ t.i .i- ri'rt.iiil |irrfi-i'ly tln' yri'innN mi uhiili r.inl'* ilrlr.ii'iiT^ r< ^ti'il llirir olami'. to >ii periiirity — pn iliaMy, liiu^i'ViT, lluir cii- ni'otiim with tin- Ji'rii>a!oin ohnn-li ;iiiil tlu* apiistli'-i, pii-.-ilily t'MM their ai-ipi.iiiilaiui" «illi Irsiis: 111 ,iiiy iM'-c, upmi tliini.;^ wlii,Ii tiniilu'il mily till' Mirlaco, iiut llii' /(((,'(/ of Christiaiiiiy. 13. It i-. dilliriilt 111 i-".' i' ; ti l- M-r-"- with till' pui'iilmn \ jii^t !n'cil .■i-~iTi iiii; 111- -iiici riu : lu- ii.'W ruii- Iii ■-.ly. 111 I I -I'l ril'i',ill\ . iIkiI I'lv ,i,'ii. n li.i^ lii rii 1' 'iili . 'Ill 1! |i\ .1 piin .Mill iir~. ■■ li tl - 'I '"1 till u I ll.il ■ ■ till t '. .r; • :,..itl flint . h Hi- i-mii li,,, 1 ' , n 1 , 1 1. 1 a (loiit.If <■' :it. • ••• ( hi •!'.• « h.n\>.. Iii- lU'.it.ili, ,ti>jTrjn'i 1 nil' '1- .i|>p^ r 111 ' .i\i' hi'i'il til. nil' liy --ottu- I'll' ^iiliji-! Ill ri'- prii.irli; rm! lii^ itiin!, r,;;i. • am! Sirhi i, t\' ( ffu"''iJOIOI ;i.J' 1 ni;,y Imm '. 11 i lit ir])ri t < 1 1 a-- iT.ilt .-iml «' 'l'!K ■ i' ,!)i-i' fliar'.;i'>i is.:!- >' • ! i " , ' " \ . .1' Ins iiiii';\i For, if wc inclulf;c.i in ec- static moods, it was to God -:! v i inattiT I'l ivMin (i.i.l .11..! iiiv-. li; if on the other hand, we exercise sobriety, it is for you — ill V'l' r ii'tif, -I Ml, i-..-..l'iif. ulu'tl cr of i.nr ; iii'l i.r ;,ii. itln r. i^ iumt t!iot.-iti .1 I.y '-rlli-li ink . t~: ii I, ..k- i-\<\ it|iiin ' i"i! or \"it. j. 't tii ^rr upon -i-lf. It i;': '-- ;' ' 'r !::,:t ti- '!—.--f r.fiT- tli till- ci 'n-i'miiiL; I iitlir-ia-m \.''u h rli.-ii ;ii'ti r- i/i il all I'.i'i!'- \V"rk, .iin! -n-nin! 'T liini. .'i^ for lii^ M.i-tiT I M.arK iii _'t, t'.''"-n| npn;,.ii"ii . ■■ 1 1 ii'jr "I'l-'iK' liinw.jf": in that ci-c, i!ir vv ril- iiiav he tr.ln-l.aU'd. a-^ ill .\. U V "w!K'?!iir wo iVt- hcsiiif onr -iKi -i"; liiit tlu' clioiro of ttio ,iori>t tonso, ' hu ll .ippi ats III 111' ill lilii r.iu ly 1 1 iiitra>tf. Ill VV ' I ' ' I I *.| tl I 1 M 1 I It ' ! ( i t 1 ir Mm i.S I. Ill, ,,ili I, 1 . , -11, u n in lii- IiiiiKr ti'.j.iril li.r tlir nil. 11. r.i- ,1 - "i tlii' in.lixiilMl aiiil 111 111- ill -111- I.I ni' ii tin in tl !i:p' 1 11' h . ni."i> li.iM- 111 I n 11 ili rpi rli ■ i .i-. .•| i iiiiiiitmly . .'1-1 iimmi- .iiU nipl 1.. " plr.i-i- ;i!l null 111 .11 tliui'^-"; Inn In in'i'lii - now. wli.it lu- li.iil pl.iiiiK -.nil liit'iiti'. ili.it In- ua- " rut -1 i !,:ii'.: 1,1- i.uii iiu. ii -i. l.'il til, It of tlu' tii.ni>, lli.it lluy niii.:li' In i-avt'd" (I Cor. X. Or tlu' iiK.iiiim: iii.iy lif. that tlioiiuh kiII<'straitK'- li,i\'- in \ ■ \\ " t hi-; own iiil '1 -t. I'ltl that of thi- ti'i'iy" (I ("I'r, \ .fO Til's i-on-lr.iiiit eo'iTir-i.-ilK 1 pn s. ffi i'f \(.) liuM- liim. and i! d.iti - k.ii'k to the 'itiR' of hi- i-onver-ion, having ilu ti (;iori-t ■ nirnrTa^ ; nut "lu'i-anse tte t!-- i.ti!-.-e. F \ . \ R. V , reached this decision that one died for all, there- fore they all (01 ■adi'Tn) died. S nil- MSS in-ert liet'ore fU (tlii- i- ii >.t f"!- V.w.'d I'v A V — one , d f-r all 1 : the lu-t omit it, ilimiiih, if oritiinal, it itiiid't easilv have f;tI1eii oni liefore tU. il> ill I'l i\ .,'. , in 1 iiiK ( 11 d .ind Iiini- 11- 111!' lev. 'I i' 11 . I t -ii. till' se II, K I" !:■■ .', • I I'Mt •• ,il! I , — . •• • niiiiin 1^ I'. I'll 1 .1", .1 ■ - .'i, ,| .,, ,■ . ! . I ■■ ••I « I'T tlh ?'!. I h- .i,.,!), w.., t! • , iliil u' I !• ..f II.. I,.., , (.,:,., I 5 . ; ■ 1 r Ih:. I ii' <\ I T .ii;. .-m i .,11 ,,; a: V I. Ill- .ill : r u will. .itp!..-i.iin.i'.- Ill- .1.- .Ir;il!K-(l liy tin- l...r ..| (.llii-l. - I : . iil-. i:-.,- 1. '.r ir. '| ' • ,r ''u"'/-r '■■ ■ ■'■ ' a:." il I..r;i;! • an.i - ..'ui. ,,„• oil: Clirist 1-. ihc lu-.i.l ..| a tu « imn. iii .in -lhir ]:,■ liv.- im-i' i .. .V.'U,- \.T. I ;). I' ' I.., .i.U.itu.u. , x.il- Vati.ltl (ill lTu'('.» .Til'_ I ; ,,. ^ I I . ; ■ . !!'■ ■■• . I- . ,1 « !.: -I. ' " ' ' ■ \:' - ■\' ll\ . : V : ..-ii .lit I- ! , : . ■ II the liiti: i'.- ii . . .1 I ' ri -I. ^11- •■' •\ 111 1 1 !■> -li I ii It I. I:l;' I , lu, |..r ! ! r S.ili. . .,i,.| li. ! ,,-.| !•• 1-. I !■ r .,• I.-. . r> ! ,.■! . .;i>.! 1 , 1- I hititiaiiity, which, flying in Uis df.ith, ri»t s ti> a now litV. " i.ir ;iU " ili.t s not ipiin- i!uan iiist,iij of all. as i avri; railu r it nu'aiH. for tlk'_ aiKaiita.m- of all. iIm! i-, |..r the foririvi-iu >^ ..t thrir sin. and tin ir n r oi i-'li,i;i. ':i 1,) (vcr. hii And Me died for all, in order that those who live should live no more to themselves, but to Him who for them died and was raised. IIito is cvplu-iily ^t .-.il I'-.r ..l.jti-t • ■f lli^ i!r,;lll, lli.it 111.11 -li.iiihl (lu- |.i s,'f .•iiiil Iivr I.I lliiii. His dia'ii I!..! . nS till' -iijHi iiic r.IaiUi- .ii s. !ti>!ivi , .'illtilliil.ttl. .11. oi ^,^■l■T^t (tin,-,, ui;,, ].^, ) ,\ n.'i .1 1' r >itinl. '111! !• II i r "all in. n," ii nu-.i:'- • a. -I- \\li.) n.i\v liMir,. tlir new /;^■ that f.. II.. Will tlhir ih.itli ui'li C'liri-t. 'I!ii- lifi- I- I". If Ihm. ainl n..t |..r tlirin- mK<--: tli-v h\,- f,,r llim :,/;,, ,/,,-,/ thrill. Dill 111- a!-. I ri-o .tj.imi f. r 'lunr-' ill li'hiT \\ii!iit;' the [lii-turc nf tin- ri-ni. living Lord, to whom tiio ^irviic ot tin- ri ilri'incd is diu'? or i . ut'ruji' t . In- ' |I^. II \i it!i tilisf worils a- \\' II T..' ;i;ro«ri;Diri — to Ililll who l..r -hiir i.. Iioth dild .-md ri»i' ai;;iin? K. iv. smii- to Io..k in the lattiT dir.. .-ii. m. ;a- cordinn to which "lie was rai-itl for on jiistitication." olluTs. till! Ill- now iiii.iit. Mil:'!. Ill ! . i..ii Mil. r>. .\ . - I > thi- l,i-t two, .: i ilr, '- ..f thf I'il 'I <- !in-t lull -.' ,i; d,fd, ail. I .lil '111- i-.\l, rii.il .1: 'll,. i; !\.it .ir.itr II .1 an- ai .niiiil.ii>-.|. So that as for US li-mi. 1;. u,\, r nil!, h "r-N nn opi.-.i iii 'ii- tii.i\ I ly 11],,. II ihi ir i- nniiti '11 with ihi'^ j.-rti-.d.-in clnin-li .md a|„ -'lrs. or 1" I 1 11 -_ iil»,'i •h.ir ar.|!; iir,' :;i,-i- with ji-.ii, ll''ii-i;i'. from hencefortii (tiiat i-, ti,.i!i :!ii- 111. Miu 11! Ill w hi. h 1 .r l - ,u tlic r. .il !'.. i:,;i!i; of tli. cK.cli , i rhi'-i. \, - i.ji. ■>'..■ ri l'!-C, 111 . , •llll.ilc ,.I 111,11 |,| I'l.il .i.i.l i\,:i .i| Ci'.ii-I in pir: ..-i:! ,r, to ,i!)V v\. i.;!il !.. siu-'i , y I,, ,! ,..,1 1- \Mt!i i-i.i.ii'il t'li:;- we know no ni.in .CtiT the tlesh. ii-.t ,■■.,11 (!r!-': tii.'U^h wc have known Christ after the tlesh, yet now we know Him -.. no more. I , t.i'."... ,-i 111.,. I ,/.",r r'./ j, nn;i '!t.iiu-i-. in ,,::r . -Mn..:,- ..|" h.-n. t,. t! i! w'.^'v U I tr'iiv , : ■ ...l. r. : -It rli. i i; !' lo I.Mik at tb. I I, r. I!- ,! tl,.- h, .,rl . v. r I.- ' It I- 'o -..,' !l,,- ^, II,;',' .1- a m-ntilo. ^.1■,! hini-.li aija'ii-i ihi inij..|!a!i.Mi- ..I a i I" t ill t.i r,V.,^;MA' ih^ir ''p ''■'"''I'nn'm i-i' ii'.hi-v. It , \ir a man fori.;..t a.:;.! I'uiii.iintv . tli. :r . in-ii, -- «h, .i „.,.„ .;„ r... ■•I'l' ii t'l f!iii-i. I -..'. v al d'-''ii.-".. '-. U hi 11 -t i ll i„ till- Ii • ... ,,„i,. , .\a\. -.1 l i'l,- u ■ ■ ■ lan tor^;..t a.:;. I I. 1 ll.'! ii -n-. It' in il l' i-'Tort l.> Si'r\.' .in. I a;- n ' :- .\I.,-'.T, !'..it ni.'in \....s |'.,i,|. II. r, lu' iiru;. - tv. .i iii. \ . s. , uh< r of w hi. h \\'"-\\ nii.i.T :i"\ .,;;i..r i.iiKhir! ,.ii h:, part altogether iiiti ini\iv;ibl<.'. One is llii; :,rrv f..r r.iul that h,. in.ik, , , v,-. p. till! I'M'ti in the ca-e >>i Chri-t • "we 158 II CORINTHUNS. IC'H. V 17 Thereforr if any man hi- in Cliri-t. , paswd away ; brhold, all things arc become hf is a new creaturi-: oUl thmK« arc , new. knrnv llitn ; ii- r flic flesh no morr " The wnnls ' tiiouni] \\v havf known C'hri-t al'tir tUi- lii sh " ccrtanily st em at fir«.t mkIu to mijily that there was a Umc in I'anlV life wlu'n he (lid mi know Mini, an ~ii;i jt »iis 111 Jerii-aK 111 I. I>'i .n tli.it he wi^iild Iiti'ImIIv li.r.e im lit h >iu ' I 1! <:\ \i. ; t. whii' !..r llu iii"inin i •■ "el 'iu^ a litiio atu r llir lit -li .\iir 1- it la-y In sn|i|i''-i- that the allii-1011 is to the ihtumI niiiiu di.it( ly alli r In- n ■in c r-p 'ii. f'^r llii re is 110 ti.ui' lh.it r.i i':'-- ill' 'iLilit-. ot i hri^t ever e--i nii.ili\ i-h,iiipiil. i:--r ir. it iirohahle that t!.ry iiiiih rwi lit a ehanne 111 this resjieet. It lias lui n su^'';i steil that tl . out of the ililhiiilty 1^ tn interpret Spiaroy as the Me.s-.i.ih r.itluT til. Ill as the liisi. •rit ai t hrist ; the nuaiiiii(f wniild then he tl it ftirnicrly, liefore Ills comersinn, his th 'uhts of the Messi, ill Were earii.il, eeiiteriiijj;, fur e\.iiii- Jile. roiiiul hi^ Jeu!>li ont;iit, his |).i\u|u- di-si'i 11'. lie.. Ii'.it lli.i; til! -e iiii.iivr.i'ioii^ Were ■!. s! r, .N I li li\ hi- \i,Mii ..|' |i ihe true Mr»-i.,li. ami i-;'ii-ially I'l tin- iiiiner- sal I ■ ,inii« "I Ills di .i!h. I'.ut ei ii, -idi rill;; tii.ii III till- \ 1 r> 111 \t \i r-e. the «i>ri| "I'liri-! " imiin- ' .ikal'K n fi r~ In tlie in- tl I i. .it S.i\ ;i .'11. il.' - 1 - ;'',iii,il 1. '11 mil- 1 !■.■ pn '111 'Mill . . ■ ir- U :■]■]■■ ■ :' I l-i-rr --i nil - 111! I'iliiT .i!'-rt'.r se lli.iii 1" M'!';i"-r tliiit i'iiiil i> s;,;i,n'.; hi- iM-e !■ p. '!'■• ''imIIv - Ik- rr;i':' li.itr> a|'ii 1! In i \ii i i!-. 1'; .'ii ill ' ' . ( ■:' ,- t''r ii--' rt;. '11 111 I'-'iri- ;ill ;!'! i!'"ri' p.'iii'i.l. ulnii ue re nil III! 1 r lii.i' tl.!- u;i- ii'-t 'h.' .ij pe.il wlii/h 111- I'pp. 'iiiil^ w.ii- t..! .l lii ir..'.', iil;. 17. Ill i.i my «.!'.-. .iiiij 1 -pi I'll. IK I'V ili- dt.illi I •. rr, Chn-.' h.nl ir:iii-.ii .riiii-d the I'.'.iM i". r r.'iil. ( ilil -tiii.'M. Ill- vvi ri- aiiiiihii.ri 1! : evt' ni.i!-. «!iie!i ..nee lniM^nl. now lnr.iine irn lev .nit : ti'e 111,111 iii (.'li'i.it was new. and the world upon wlijili he loofcid V. .1-. v.i-w So that if any one is in Christ he is a new creation (cf. dal. vi. 15): the old things passed t irap^xwti', aorist>, the nii'nieiit he eaiiie to he in riiri-t. see! they have become NEW. It is one thing to he Christ (cf. I Cor. i. ij), tn helonR to the Christ-party; it is another and a very diflfercnt thing to he iii 1 Christ. One miKht have heard Him preach, and watched I lis cures, uid touched the hem (jf I lit K^rmcnt, and yet la> far enough from the kitiKdoin of heaven, far enouKh front heinu a "new cre.ition"; to l»e this, one must he 1// II n; lint the iiiomellt one 1 111 linn uf. •pii o-'n Totro. ver. I4), thill the 111. Ill and his w .ild are trans- fiiriiii il: lie I- lu w Cioi iji, It is new tMxiiat - till' .•ihniiiiilniK snrpri-e ,ind 11. \. ... till' 111 vv nun loiik- mil iipnii his ill u »iir|il. are v:rapliii ally drpieli d, in true lliliraie la-hn.n, \t\ the wnnl . i\iii ill- . \ii rii.-il tliin.i^s of Christ's I'Wil III.. I'aiil SI 1 111- 111 -.!>. .'ire to neeive llii eliip! .i-is : one Iii.iy .n'. . nl ii.i!- lli. -e, :!n.I lu t'.ir ini.i!.;li tn.'ii I hri-l ;iltvr .ill I li.- 1 1 ill imp' .1 l.iiii-r ali.ielii - m il 1. 1 the 1,1, -IS .'I Cl.i '-t's 1 I,'. I:'n 1. . ih.' '.Il / 1.1 ( hii-i 1 1 iiii-il 1'. .1- a ri-i n 1 t'",i (>"»'' n, \rr I ; I li\ ii|.^ I .ird. I'p. r.iMii;..; in ihr In ili.it vi.l'U 111 111'". (If ei'in-r it wmilil In- pi-- -iMe 111 Il'.i',!- 1. 1.1 ali-.ihlti- the ill 11 lel n il I'elwrrii tin r;-. M Chri-I .iiid the lii-P .rii'.tl ji^i'-: if. in the 11 .inph-li- .il -eiu-i "i the :i-i.irieal reennls I'l lii- liti. ue knew iiiithiiii,' w!i:ili\er nl Jr-iis. h. 'W iniieh -Ii "iild we know of tiie liviiii; Chri-t? :\t the -.line time, there is .a kiiowK'ili;e of the iaets wliieh li.is 110 Chri-tian value: it is pii--iMe to know tliein, vvitlnnit heiiiK foiielied liy the power within tiient — such i> kimwledtie "after the tlesh." I'aiil cer- tainly nni-t h.Tve lieen thoronsjldy familiar with the faets of Jesiis' life .Ttid teachins: the stiiry would, frnin the he^inniiiK. be the eomiiinii property of all the churches. He had not prohahly luen jiersi in.illy ac- (piaiiited with Jesns. Init he t.iiiler-tood Hitn infinitely better than many of those who bad been. The fact that our gospels Oh. V] II CORINTHIANS. iK An. I all tlimts .itr ..f (. .1!. h.nli nvnin'ili (I 11^ li> If 1 > li -.11^ I. !iri«t. atin- ciltation ; 10 Tt) wit, that G llu- «i ( I .i| r<> i>t|. iili.itiiiit •■•» .\..« till II wi' ,ir. ain!i.i»^.ii|i>r-. f..r I'hri-I. ,1- Ih." 1 !■, M , , !, \..|, l,y II*: w<- |ira> \ u III Cliri-t'-. sli.nl. \tv >C n-coticilfd to God. sali-fy t.i Ml i"iii|i.iraiiv' Iv ■-Kn.li r a il- - >;rii- I'lir t-iirii.~i!\ al'mi! >■■ i-\t< rii.il l.u t- ol ihr lite lit JiMiN. sli.i\\ 'li.it tlu- tifliiik' til uiiuli I'aiil luTi i;u.-- \|)rr-Mii|i w.i-. lnKiir!; iiK til In- uiiMy pr i x ali ill — t lie ft'tiiiiK thai unly tlin-' facts wir<- nf \alni- which rivcaltil the -pint ati«l ji'UMr ami {HtriMtsc .,t jcsus MiniM lf : other kiiuwliiitji: was •• after the tlesh." Tilt- h'i\-oHi iliaiiiiH (v. iS-jiV 'I'he key-nnte of thi< secii^n is the thfitiRlit uf rccniii-iluili.itt. a \v a iii>i;n nr ri- a \ri!i. n.' li".- tlian fi.iir 111111-. llu- |ia--.i'^c 1- wir ti-ii ill a --ta!!' lit cmiIm r.int fi 1 hi .:, a- r,i:il I. iitriiiiilate-; the new wmiM \ , r. 171 u!iu!i ha- hern ciia!''! ami ''i wliiili I ' I;. I- Im cii hroiU'lit hy r. n.-ili ith 'ii ' I (i"il nianilr-ii il m ami i I ilin.ML'h t 'liri-t. ( hri-t i- imlei il tltc n . .hMiu 1 ^m, \ir iS) liiii (in, I i^ the ultiin.r,- a^cnt ■ ■! > 1 I I ' 't t he rei ' 'lu'ih.r !' "1 18. But all those 1: u things. • f u ' I'aiil h,i- jii-t -iH,:,,ii. proceed from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and. lliat olht r- nm^ht |. ,1!:: -i , Riiiid nevN>. gave us the ministry of recu.i- ciiiation. A recoiicilialuin wa- iuce-.-,iry, hecatise withuiit it and hefore it. nu n are "enemies" uf (lod (Rom. v. 10). Ihit, ao- cordiiiK to I'aiil, the oh-raele to tie over- come consists not only in the enmity of man: there is also sunutiiini; to he over- come oil the sid,. ,,f (;, „| U'lifti he sa.\ s lliat. Ill l'hn>t, reCi nicililn; tlie \Mir!il til lliin-i-lf. he (ii'cs iinl mily mean lli.il the L;n,,.hu -- of Cud. as inanifr-:iil 111 (.'l!ri-t, ih-aniui! 111. n'- hii-!:';;i>. ami in- spired tluni \Mr!i ini-t ami ciinli.l.nco in llitnsflf, lint that in Christ, who f. .r us w:is made sin" (\er. .'II, anil ulm. .is such, "died for Us all" (\er, 141. (i.id's c.'n the ministry of 111 ha • an n 1 rw In Inline , f'.i ■11,1 ! ! \ ^li.ii iiil; in t he >':;■' ■ 1-d !•> < 11 111 ihri muh s 1 • ipi.ill> i;l.ii| 1-iin- hiiiiiir tl at i» 111-. Ill (lie iK.ih.w V I'/ M iiii; e.illid til tin- I Xii-jui-. \ , r JO » lye iif this rcviiii- 111 .ihd I.. 11. .loe till ir II. . . H re I ill 11 ■ C ill-i 1. ■ IMI . . ri . I iiK laai I ■ ,1 I iiri-t, hut SCl.lllsll.s, 1.) ,■ III hav iHK t ii rt'ii'iii'Witiffi-- ser\ ice III pi 1 a' ' lliroiinh whivli the kill ml eilialmn i- ciiiiimiimc.iti.l t.i imii. 19. t hiist Is (he me.luim of recon.iln ti.in. hut (, (/ is Its iiliim.ite si.nrce, jiisi a« the c.in-iiiiiin.(tioii of liis!,.ry i- tli.it r. w. j.si. In \, ilurefiiri-, «»«"f in i!ie emph.itic pii-lll.in, IKilllts sl!i;v;. s'l 1> li.ik t.i Toi j»*»ue ifrmn {».•./ 1 : ih. . . .Mil.'iiali.ni of wf I"" Is vrr\ irin-ii.i!. .iti.l it ha- heen sii^- !i;i ~IKe t! at on ( that I i- re.illy a rI.iss • "lili I til r\pl,iiii u'j I hie.iiis, 1 — proh.ihly, r',r rti.ril- ^imply in.;iii ' si'imhu ' :4t." I III- reC' II. l!i .1 .Ml ;,.ii| . .i;,p. '■"t nil lit III Ih • man ■■ - \ i!;, 1 . . .1 , , . i.s » \M re (i.id - d.iiii.j. seeing that it was God who. in Christ, was : <\ a t ..| recon- ciling i pr.- pull, I the world to Him- self. {'.. pniii'iLUuiti 111 A, \'. u'li a ' '""na ' r riii'-', ,t.m', s ,1 f.d r -.in- 1" •• in. i \w ')r . ., 1 ■. ,„■, n,,t u .rh .V .\^iijru.i, Imt ^^l7■il,\,\,^J^T.^.l■ , p, dmi.. 1 aii.l is mure Krapliie th.m the -iinpl mi- ll, r I. et Aarij.W.Krir.i' w,,ul.| hav !,. .11; it <-mpii,isi/i-s not the f icl uf ili.. n . i . u 1 !ia - timi. Inn the activity of «,..d ui it, the II i um limt; /. ^ !iM-l ■] li,- >,ii|.c ill. si i'.iiil. Ill !,i> I nil .111- mill li I!;..ir tii.iii l!.r 1lii!in|.;Ii II iil lip"^!' '!:.• I .ip.u 11 ■, . i';|.-i'.:-: I'l;! il i -i 1 1; miimh ~ iii t. . C i , r -t . :iii.| 1 ! i:i'|"i .t . .'i m i ( .1 ..1 \\ ' . ■ !;.: - .lllri! : ' .i hi! 11 U "h liu' W ■ ■! il | lluilU- riL'h!. • 'll-h (, , nil •; . ~|ii i> ti, il :lli., . I - . . : ... I 1.' illl . '!l-lii . .li.\ 111 ;i iiiiii \\ i; il I i 1111 . u r li 1 li til . I 1 .iii.iill 111 II :t 1 ;l, 11. I liiii I i.- -1- -ink u 111- >i;iiu li,.ii I'. nil ■I !• ,1. Ill a ~. •! -r r 1^ ( !• Ill « • 1 iv '-ill..,;:, li.r lii li;iii. il i- as though God were entreating by us. IIkii' is IiiTf ill" ^aiiir I • .;■ -1 11 iri-tii a- ih.i! <<: Uio ill! 11. ill. . V. piiiiiiii I-. wlii ii t' l ;. j.n l.u'i 'l rii-liit nil-Ill nil ii l\ i ri;.iii;i il .. - l.i li ri^'itnill-'ii li-, (-1 lilt. I 1-1 il I'll ' ■■' I'.iic 1- in lii'ili o.isi N an iiim r i'!. ir u'u ati. m. .i> it wiri-. -1.1 1 1 lilt wr.li mii. .-iinl i>i n- with .irt i.f 1 l;ii n. i- 111 tliiir nil --..mc^ with '" 1 lir.s -ailh th. l,.iril" I 'ii<' i;"-|'>'. .•uTi'i'ilinK tu Ta-:!. ti'- ixpia-ii We bcsecti- you on behalf of Christ, i' t 'ti;.' ri-. mi.iu.i.i ..n whu-li !liriiiiL:li..iit th In- Tint tri; : !i..iM^'i .;;i!i In- l,a- >o If. i|!i. n! 1\ aiiij car y >n"r laiiTf tn avpr. vn.i'r i'l.jiii-'lv iii-i I, ij. W'l- an- ai'i|!!i; tnl, iii-iitui!, i:.!i iif I'.ii:;'- !ni-.,i -'- ,1-. t liii-t's'in t'i;ri-.l; l.iil. in i.rl.r !i;i-. Hi li.i.l to i-, fliat the work I'i ( Iiri tt.ilnl '111.' 1 aiiil'.i- .'1 r i'i. Be reconciled to God. iii .'li- mh. \\ c .'i il! la i i ; I n n 'Ihi- il 1- II. It iniili: \^ >oii I.ii.k .-it tlir i'i'ii;i!i A- ('lie to wliii'il ri'Oi 'iii'ui.i! |. .'1 i\rr\ tiling, i'aiii I- |Hiiiii.iri> .iiiMn'i- i'mi tin- ('i 'nntliia.i- shoiM n.i r.ii.hr it ii|. II. itm , ill tlii ir .-a-i', hy tin ir a|iat In ' ■,■ .i, r. p' hkt I'f it. Ho w.iiii- ili.iii .m.iiiiv' till- (I. Ill fiiT. shows li'.w iMr.-l'il lu- has hii"-rlt lu . ii 1.1 live .v.irthily of tho yraci.- ln-si..w . .1 ii|,..ii hull .ind to jirtsiiM. hi- iiiinisiry tri.iii rc- tlic iincnliim hy "; I ,'. > .• ci. .\. V.): tlu- j proacli or siisiiicioii. aii.l lu' thus i;railiially Diiiissinn ,i| h u. vi r, ^;i\is a tmu h I 'Ifi'ls int." .1 tiohli- an. I clo'iiKiit staicin. iit ail.l .lis'iii-!. 111.' Ill . iiiili.i' :. .;. 1.11,. I I fn l. ii hv (, //,i,,.v, ( \i Is. iS. im. one wliiiii w.' rt.'i .vi- (K 'Hi. v II >. 'I liv [ihia-.' tlu i.t..ri' III. .111-. X. iTMt tlir r. ii'ii- nhiiiiiii ]iii.\ iili'il li\ (i.'il: I' will, a.'- Ci |'t It all- ' .! . ..' :.' (/' ..'. aii'l th. ir iii.-lili!\ an.l l7.ol)^■. \rr, \i!<: il hul im il'iiihl a s|.i .-iiic ai-iilK-iit ii .11 w tliiii ill.- C'.ii mi hian i liiii i ll I vi. I. \i, .5 ). 21. .^.iiii.- MSS. o iiiiu'ct this V. r-c with tii'Ti' iitij>r.-s-i\ c s, 111, iK-1% it iiiaki'S the f.int.-nts ot till- Vd's,- siaiiii lii |.!l\ out as an in.K pi-iiilnit sunimary of I'.i ,;'s ov.!:!- h.-.il iiu - .,;.:i-. Him who knew not sin He made to In- sin on our behalf t >t«p, I. M l 1 11 that WE II?"*!!! might become the righteousness of God in Him. r...th 111 point of slvlc ,i!i,I ,,|' !!, .i;l;1i!. li.is s.ll f his cnnlili-t .iiiiid tin- stiffi-riiii^s, jxr- s.-i.-iiti..ns, ami niisiindorstanilniij-. iiicnKiital 111 his niinisiry. I. I'a!:! is IH.I only an amhassador (v. -.'o) hilt ;i Ti-i.;/.-,-;-, thoii^'h his \m.iK t.ik.-s till- form largi-iy of r'if/i.(/.\- And work- ing together we also entreat YOU ( ' Mat, II i-mpliatu- p..siti,iii ;it .-lul ,,f scnti-.u-o toiu-i- is fMriiiuly hol.l. I'aiil il.ics i,(.t|tiiis is a .lir.-.t an.l spt-cial appial to the ' ' "liiitliiatis : i-f. \i-r. ii. wlu-rt- thoy are iln i -iiy ailih . s-i-,1 ) not to receive the grace of God, .is innnifrstcd in the recoii- .-ili. l-.iii .if w-iiich I'aiil lia- iii-t !;,.),, .......in, . i. i ,'. , a, .- , , , li, u.i- not ai"! in vain. It is otTi-ri'd fi.,-!). Ii-r n i- rc- iiiiihl 111'! ha\.' hi .11 ni.id.- a siniur, hn; llc .'. u.'l i" J.'.'ii, nnU'sii the n-iipu-iit allnwu was cimipletcly ideiitiiicd with liiinian .'in : ! 't to control, inspire, and friicfify his lifp. ■ay th.it Ji-sii- was maiK- a siniK-r nor e\.ii a sill ,.j|,riM.'. II, ir d. us lie s.iy thai \vi- h. eoiia- ri.. hi, • lis ; he says M>iiu'thiiii.; iiiii,-l ■ 'I. .mill. r - I'-i.s W.I. iiia.li- >'.'i. a-:'l w ( H. VII II (•OHINTIIIANS. ir.i triH- .1 •••• .11.,! :v , ! !. • • - tr 1„. • i ; I ,!<■.■ I'ti-ii liri;i ; I. li. i. a i. ! . , , , , i i,,,.' ... ., ■ I'.iiil - \rv:-: It • ■ ; I i :.■ \ 1 : »c - I ! .It !■ •*!. w . u ! ■ ' I \ r II. 1 i''t. n-i' in .un ! lu It.hI II' I Ti f - r> ■ i v u .1^ \\ : !"i II I.irm' 111 !;.•■ V \\' I' h !;«• li.i-, .rtt • '. . « rl,'. s; !•• li • thr t' •!•!.!::• .- ; ;• •:: -.r |.v..'.i: Iv (, ..1 il;:- .'i , : | i , <»'. .•I- l;> Ir r.iiil .1. ■• ~ w'- |l 1 ■ I . ! 1 - ■ .; 1 t' • I ll;- '.iiijli i;:iii i t i,> i'.^ \'l , ■ • . , • •.. ' , ,ii 1 : 1- j'ff ! \v :,| |. . .... I . . Ill ; ( I • !:■ - . , t_ )• •• '-tlu ......t •., ....I. ''• ' '!'"■ 'I 'i;<- 1 ' Ui\ ..I I j.i : , r .If - : . ..\ ,. ... 1 .1 ,, • , j. I '1 IVt!'! u ,11 r il'l in 1 1 . , . ; .iin ' .'■ 1 . i..r ' ,.'m; I'l. .11 I. . .1. . . ;it !!■ . .1. 11' 1 - . .1-. • r VI an ■I 1" I.I.Mr • i •! II. .111 li.- i'..: ilu- I 1 1 .■. II • •If i!-,. ir r. -t II- •! •■. .,\. 1.1 '"•"''ill, but, .1111. •1 I' 1 i ! 1 iM ■ I 2. 1 '..r. 11! 1. ! li-.llly I'.llll in- f . .-1 ',1 r'.'ii ti". ni l-.i'..!i .'^ 1 ■ ^'i .1 ]n : ! .ij'^ Ii\ l!u lit \:.\- J11-' 11-. li .''iiirrfn. , f ^»^Tu. 1 i!,-i-ii,.! ri 11111'. I 111- ri.i.l. r, I .t' (In- I' .llv I'l' .!' 1 1\ , ,11!. I 1 IMlil' .r!.!!!!-. . 'l' .1 -ituH rc ill'. . ;'!,ii! ' . ! ■ , L' ! .1, I' I .f ''• ■<\ (IT. For Me saith ii. 1 .: >i-i';. I -.ri i At an acceptable time I hearkened unto thee. And on the day of salvation I helped thee. I'- In I-;ii;i!i. tli. -.' \\..ri'.s .-in- .iiMri'^^cil t" (111' -vr\;iiil I't j.ii' \ .ili. It 1.. II..' iK v'l --.-It V ••;i|>i»".o til. It |':i",l r. - ir.'. .1 ■].. i:\ ,i- I'l I'll' no; !:<• .i \ .lii- I'liii- i ..| •!.. .m.-i.- i w.'iil- pr. l.,il.l\ ..Illy l.i'i, 111-1' il;. ', |i,i]i|.i!\ rsjui^- ill- ini-.i:':im. I iii- Ii li-i.'M nl r.ui' l.ili'iir. ;i- In ui'ti., n r.i' : ir.illv mh^ Li-'.ii liy till- ,1' r!i]it .III I 1.]. tt.ij iViur- 'hi!: i-f :i i,-u >■•!>. . !' ' \ \~ ' Kehold. NOW is the " iKceptahle time"; behold. NOW is the day of salvation.'. .V.j/;,;; !,,,■ !,..ii i,i..iiu!it i,v CI::;-', .t,,l 1, i- 1 !ir (.'■' ■ 1-! ,111 .i ' -M.'ii- :, ,11. r;, in everything • ' • ' i> .'- i'-i"'!. il "II 111 |,..,iii\f • "11 t ,1 111 . I'l ,' -1,1, . commending our- selves, as God's ministers -' .11 — n.'t . "111111. -i;.!!!'!; ,..ir-,!\,- .,. (, ,r. nuir-ii-rs lulii.'li U'.ii'l I'l .u i«.i»-ori, a.-. ;i-.it', \, •' 1 . l.iit I'. 'ii'iiu ini'-'i; .,:ir-.!w., .,, tniiii-lirs I ilia/.Ol-m. Iii.ni'll ) i,f (,,,i| ,,n.,;l;| (. i r. ' 1 1 1 n Ir m | '!i 'n-rl\ -. 'Ihr iiiiiii^iiv .iiTil tiir iiuni^ifr II' •-! .ilikf lit' .il.i \e rrpri.ai li . n -hUsst- 4. hi pr. i-ri-ihlli; III xh.r.v till' tii.iiiv in u 11 li hr •• fi.iiini' ml- " InriNflf, I'.inl (IrVi 1, ps. U'tll -illlp'r r'.ii|;;, I,,-,,, ,t LTapliir s!v. ii'li ,,i i!.,. ,■. i :. ini'l-T uiiii-ii ,iiiil till- *p lit ill wliii'i lir iliii'. Ins .ip.i-'.iiii- v\..rk .-i sk' n !i uiii'li ri lUMiiK !i- lit tin- r. .ui'.ilc ill »it i.tiiiii III IV II ' .1 I t' .r i\ ii i !i. nii.i w!ik-li u iiinrt' liiiiiily < l.ili"r I'cl 111 \i -'j-.(.t. 'I tu. cir i-i!!r-!.ltirr-. Ill l!;,' \',..irk, tlir iipp. -it ii iti. i I • .-titiii'i. p.ii.i. h.iril-liip-, .nil! pru.iti.'iis ii.i'i I" . n.-iM!!ittr .irr i|. ,i|', uiih iti -' • .J .I- 'I 5 III ;i rii s lit phr.i-t vac\\ .,! -i i .| 1-v 'V; tlii -i' wi ri- nil t in a . 'I' .V,'.',(.I ' J.v/)I,',f.5 ' .1; i'li.i.ri.ii, Iv Iv •!,!- Il'lt ill- ■,'!'l".';t lin- iT r -i.Tii . ,| , , ■■'■'• :ii!.i il. Ii"ill "II. li.r. ; III. liiii. ill 7 tt ) I'l't , 1 jriw.ui'i) . v.' ,'1 1- In.i. llir ,\iirii iiii- l!i.' iT'.r.il rll. . t .1 l...!,i\, m. .' : .n, ,1 |n-i. It \,,;- lirr;iil-r. till till' r. tniii,!^ .•il;,i!,i "I l'!iii-i . "'inn, ml. . I hi- i nn u\ U-l". V. H'l '111' itiiK- i> -!i"ri ,1 (\.r. .:••.] !;., ,■ 1„ , n p. n pr-uoli ^" ... , . 1 ..a'.")"!), \. r !i In much steadfastness; 3, 4. \i!rr till- p irniilii -I- . itinli.i-i,--i",; li", ,,. ,, ,,1,,,.., ji,.,! tlu' imp.. fan. -r ..f .111 iiiitm .iiair .i::.l -n •..||.iu, w ' ,'1 1 i ■ ■ ', „,f.. ..r.'iiips ccro ai-r. pi.iiii'i; ,.t tlii' j:t |,-,' ,,t („.,|. I'anI ,.|' tlitrr; 1 1 in tribulations 1 !:t cni-li- «.M's 'in Id iii.li.;iir tin- in.ip, r .,f ill- UAH . i,i«- ). in necessities, in distresses — iiiinistrv. the M.int m uln.'. I,r •• 00 . .p S\ . .,-.!- mil-^ ,i« th,- pi.-.itrr ;,n.l i-,,n. ri;itit| Willi (kkI: giving no cause at all -'r iitit .if . ir. iiiti-t:iii , - in vir-n. ,,1 uin, li for stumbling m anything, that the 1 . h ■,. is -..m. lini, - .in-,:, in'i, , ■ .,,rr.rv my > ministry b« not exposed to reproach, pi..- - I lir prr\:iilin« i,i, ^t i-.i, y 1 aiil knows that there are criticiil ami nil- ; -.i.\ -, "i. ni prc>-iire .nii.l ci'iiiiiKnieiit - 1G2 II CORIXTniANS. [Ch. VI S In stri])cs, it) iiiniri>i 'Tiiticltl--. in tii- liinlt-. in l.ili"iir^. in vs :it. Intii;-. in istinK^ : (. I'.v piiMiirv.. |>y knii»k- kni.hif-s, Jiy the Holy (ihoM, bv |o\f )inliiKnf truth. I>y tlii- power nf del. I.v tho ^irin.Hir •>( riiilitooiisncss on till' ri^lit liaiul .md on tlic Ult. in iiKinv into f each staKC Ihihk iiarrowi-r than the one before. Ml lli.it no room is left for move niellt or eMM|>e." 5. rite n< \t uroiip H') i-i m '" incliirr .11 i'lnlii.i.i .ilt.r the -Ii'i'i - tl" tlu -e ..iv;ii I.., ■.jlur .M ■■ ulu 11 llir\ li.'il lai'l f, s u; I'lu in. tlu y iM-t !!;■ m 'i; », in tumults, ~i . h .1- ili-it .siirrnl up .-u.'ii'-t I'anl and l;.irii:iha> at AiuxM-li in I'l-Hh.i (Ai-t> Mii_. S"]- dxarcKjraniai It,i- hi t ii umli i -Ii m m! of Paul uns.'ttU.l !if. . a c. rl.i!;! lolur is jineii to this e\|il:iti.ili-:i 1> tli«' ii^e of the veil. o(TTaToiM"' in I t oi. i\. II, whieli i> eoupleil ,is here, with the alea of "toil" i AoiriuM**". not favorahle to tin- iiiii r-intation .■\s the -eiond uro-.ip 1 » lii ilt wiili the sufTeriiiKs Paul had : • . • ■! ir< ni d. t. r mined opiioneiits. tin lliid > d.al- with the ImmIiIv I;..-! ':i:>'- uliieh lie \ . ■! nil.i' ;ly took upon in labors — li.ii.i u ak, perhap- i,i,iiiii.'l 1 \> 's wiii. ,! ' lnU trh';i' l.;ii.l\ llir I . 1. I. !u ,■ lc. til..- -ir. n ,,p, invK'ii. . 'k for tii.- in watchings, pr. Iial'ly tfi r'.:( \\ i\. all \>d t-r'r.nil ! ( \.ts w. have crii-hrd tin- ht< "Ut in. my .1 iiiaii, hut tiiriii>lieil I'.iul Willi an ■ .pp. .rtuiiii> !•> di-)d.iy the |i.iii--i-inili iil ipi.ilil) I'l 111- n;iu r lih It i, liv till- tli.i! he i hu lly " e. .miiu inN hiui- -ilt a- a niiiu^-.r ..l r.i-e 'lu re wuild he a -nhtlo nl.iike of the -li.'r.d kiMly ..f the Corin- ti^;,,i!>, in hi- knowledge, peottliarly in- l;ir,..!> .111(1 |.r.it..mi.i. el tl.e gn-JH-l and the i^raeiou- will of (i.'d; in the long-suffer- ing \vlil>'h he manife-ted amid per-eeutmn ,,nd in-iili ; in his gentle Idackiess; in the holy spirit, in love unfetgRed. in the word of truth, in the power of God. I he TiKt Htit-th Cnituiy .\ , u- I , l.iiiu-nt neatly render- the la-t f. air (.Ina-i- thus; "tW'e rei-. iinniciiil «air-ilw- .1'-") hy a -piril wliirli 1- huly. i l"\e uin.h i- -in i.ie. a t^■,l^ill^^; uliiili i- ti:ie. and ;in eiier^v wliieli 1- diMiie." r.\il it m.iy he donht'ed whelh. r llie w ord- ^ari a~,iu> nn'.^lit iii't til In' n luh red " 111 tli,- holy spirit" ("1 lU-iiliTuiu the prrirdini; words. \,liK'li e\p!. ipiali'u- ol I'a.il'- u\,ii iiiiuT life, tin re 1- ernaiiity .1 -lron)|r !.'ii')i'a! n 'li I" tr.m-laie " liy ii holy -.piril " ■ lli.il 1-. li:- iiiuii-iry w.i- eh.ir.aclen.'ed liv .1 li..l 'i, ,,f spirit' Hut it 1- p< rhap ri t; • I, U I pr( nou- Willi Ho~p,r- -. V1H1I-, l"'t the ni^hl ioi'. \. ai '> u i- iir. ■ '1 ill l i- mini irx ot ila '^^.--pi .?i 1 . in fastings, ■nuai.;!! ii 1 - 1" ■ n aiu I' d on liie i .i-i- ol \i. -i! a di-- tuu-!i Ml IP'! . I In- dr.,\M! l.i ' .Min t.i-ting and Ir.-ai'Ji r. aiai tl: ' ill 'a. p.i-.aee he- fore 11- \ol.uil.irv f.i-ti!-..,'. .1- .1 -It iinio-ed di-. iplnie. i- ill!, n. led. it i- inon- proh.dile Ih.ll the wor ! ir 1 proh.d.ly .,!-.. in J71 1- pr.u-'.ii ,K> . ipnv ali ut I.. "' Ininuer X, 1!,.;! e.iJi of ill. n le ii 'iitis in all thr.v ^;ronp- i- in the plural; the impli- eatiiMi i- that the-e hard e\l>erieiue- were i-idale.i. hut freqitetit and f.nnili.ir 6, 7. The next eisht plira-e-. lik. the preeedmu ten. are iiitrodiieed hy ; '"it thev ar. of a different nature They ni.lt oate not the cireiiiiistances of hi- tnii' 'r\, but its spirit. Those liardships, whieh wonld oil ihe u . le. uioie ii.itiU'.d *. lio'.v -pini a- the sonri-e i>f the moral (|n,iiitie> 111-1 emaiieiateil. and in partieular of ihe /.':.' nnicuned. tin- Kre.atest of the \irini- (I (or xiii ! whieh iniinediately l.,I|,.x\- I li, re "a- no hypocrisy , 'il 1 Tr(.^()^TuJ I .ilinnt I'aiil'- lo\ e : it was not i.i m,isk to hide other feeliilK-. He ^'''nr- nieiids him-elf "in the word of trntii tin- lia- heen taken t" mean "hy speakinn what \- true" ( ef Twent. Cent. N < u 1 e-t ju-t ipiiited): hut there i- iioihiiii; in the t-r.iinniar to keei> it froni ni. iimr.: 'iiply in til,- ^..■.^/.■/■ this ■■- 'he w d 'nth. it is also t'r.r /• . ' lo'i-' I 'a l.i"''r phra--c. howe\iT t" ' nia\ n li r to the powtT with wlmh r.nil proelaiiii- hi- jtruih — a pnrcc in !(",od ! The i-iuht. ; n phra-e- intt..dtieed hy fv ilii.M. .J.,,- pi.s-' to three, prel'.ue.l \'\ 3ia. wlaeh Inrther ill-i-I r.it.- the w ay 111 wlneh i'.inl •• eonmi. n.K ■■ hnii-^ilt .111. 1 In- niin i-trv - I ot onh n; li.' rd-Inp-. 11 nK hy the inner quality of his hie, hut by nuans Ch. VI] II rORIXTHlANS. 163 S Uy liDiiour and dishonour, by evil ro- pi.rt iiiid Kood re|K»rt ; a» dcccivtr*. and >«•/ trtic ; 9 As unknown, and yet v^cU known; as iii>{. aii'l, I'lhoUl, uc live; .t. c!i.i^Ioiic -"rtcA till. \'l ,il«.iy rf;o', ill-; j n.itiuiiv:, anil \,-f i .ili tliilli;- ■It ( Hid I tlic weapons of righteousness on the right hand and on the left. l'.iur> (,. hn^li.iii lilt 1^ .1 ^ii Mn^ic, a l..ii:U'. .r.n! I'lif ihi^ lu- lU'iiU .irith'r- an iili.i iii;;i li II,. 'ft- I'.'.Us t l.il" ■rail i| m i-i'li. \i. lo 17. 111-. \\(al".n> all \\i.cii.mi> , m^.'i/,-,.ii,mi. .,v, tl-.it i>. ^Mpiiliiil li> riKii:> ' 'U^ni.-^^. 'r p< t h.i|p- i- iii^i-; iiiv; in I iKlit<'"ii^in^>. Ili^ I liai .il 111' iiiiiWinu, ni i-.iur^r, I'luni t!.i- -iiirir, M r. ii> 1^ ci|;iiliiiiriil : it I'li - iii>lii- iniii uilli \Ma|"Mis iitTcii^iv liki' tl'.i- .-•weird and tlic vpiMr. mi Ihr rif^ltt ii,ii:,t, and dili-ttM\o, like the shivid, en the I,:: 8. 1 hf i"» (if llic next twii i!aii-i-i lia^ hardly the >.imi- miim- a^ in tlu- fn-l t lau-r; not .-<> nnirli " liy nu ans (ilV lr.it ra'.llrr through, tli.it 1^-. ,111, ,/. glory and dis- honor, through evil and good repute, I' < .1 CtMiinu'iiils liiiii-ilf and lii- ninii-lrv. " \\ lutluT nu'ii ini!v;i' well ot tliic. t.r ill. ' ^.ly-i riiiiiii.is a Keiiipi^, ■■ tluui art imt I'li th.it .•u\-"iiMt i''iiir than ll!>-.!f." ."-^.i uiu'tiur ir.Mi .-r "'i''.' (<''■'.'"!"" 1 r.inl nr 111. he c ■iiiiiuiiiU il hrii-M if a^ .1 iii;i!:-t< r "I (i-.i. I la ir UcTiN v. i-re .1 ei II i. iNiti 11. .' 1 .1 h:Mi h'lt I It t ; ' ill-. '\ ■ - . tlK> r.M.il. .1 ii.it ih. tnuli a!"'iii 1'. Iiil! iheir c 1.MI all r !ule 1. 1 tin K" I" ^ Iliri'Mnh ,i;l..r> .iiid il, -!;. .11. ir. tlir..ii;;h ■ .1 a::il i\il re|rile. lie unit -Um.IiIv ..n ' :^ w i>. . ' .iiiiiK ii.hiit; hi-^ -I'll l.v 'il- I'.ila .• ..;;!.! ;.i:t:':.. !■> hi- Iri.hn .11;. I lii\e !■ len.'d. ih'' r ■ '-ti. \\!:i. !i i;:-.K.l l.i'ii I m the ri.:.;ht ii.i: .! .iml . .n t' i !• !' 9, 10. 1 he ri'tna:i'iim ehn-. -. u ' |. ' !■• ~i M n Ml niuillii r. lake an a!il::: l:e i.>t!r.. ami are e.u li iir.r. "iiua >| liy «!. 1 iii^ j;!"' ;. emieliule-- the iK -eriji'.inu >it the way ni wliuli I'.inl .■iii'l tluwe like-tnii.iled with liHil e. imnielidetl theni^elve-.. l!aeli ..f :h.- el.:;i-.^ e..i!tra-;-- the ..piu aranoe with the ih eper re.ility. As deceivers — I .■ h.el h.-. 11 eh.irned with liandlillg the w-ird "t d.i.l il.eeii fully ( iv J, cf. ii. 17) — and >. t true; as being, in the v|iiii.tul jii.li::'i. le (■'' 'i!- («ii])i.neiit>. unknown and iih-.. -iri . ■■ulth.iiit |ir(iper eredenti;ils," and _\>l. .1 I'l.iH. r i.f faet. well known, ami aeki;. uh ! ;.;.<:. .1111. 'H.i; all true hehever--, hy ' ;!•. )iii-,\.r ..| I'j.nl" i\er. ~) whieli wro'-e'! aii.l ^iM.ke (V. 201 ^0 iiiaiiih -i!v lli.. hint As dying, and BEHOLD i I , -, \! J>. tar fr.'-ii .l\ine. we live U't 1'-, ew iii 17 1 We a'n ady ' ii e--w the hazard^ of the api)-.tle'> careei tnined 111!- hie hii'.ilii ai'.i .1 e'liii'iii.il |it.>e<-- . f liyin^; 1 . 1 i i ■ . n hi .11^1;. i; htm tiiiir^ !.. tiu air . .1 .!. ,ith 1 1 > lie l.'.'ke.l like .1 ni.iii nuike.l l..r .jia'h, a!.. I !ll> elli 11:1 . W illi ha^e ui-!...l hull .1. ...i. hat, I,.h.,|d' he 11,. hy Ml!:,,- of thr aiv;:;. I.h "1:1, i.| J. --in" w hi. h wa-. Ill h .1. I'li As being chastised, and yet not killed. II;- ..pj .1:1. iim> haw- pi -11". il t. . hi> ,,!!;■. ;!■ - ' i,.r .Mai.- a^ pri iil lh.it hi u.L' iHi': ! !:,.■ l:.-..v;. hand ■if real a* [the ■ living " i f the pr< \i..n-. ehui-e — Init, i 111 wiiiiU ^iim;e«t, (l hy I'-.ilni ewiii I.S. - he II'. I i:|,iiiK "he 1- ir-! heiiii; ileiuered I'MT t.< ile.ith. ' As being grieved not li'Iy ill the e-tiiii.iti.'!i nt lii~ 1 .p|niK-iits, hat in re.ihty. yet rejoicing evermore; as paupers, yet enriching many; as having nothing, yet having in n , ^ xnirn 1 ., , »e--;< n 1.1 all things. !• •> •'':- hi. r.il trii:li that I '.ml w .1^ i" ' -r." .. .I " h.el 11. -thim; ," he , VI n ri ti: -I .! ;■ . , ,1! i.in..,, ii .•! <\-., -ap- I'.'it wi.i, i: h,:.I .1 lu' l t.i .1. niail.l fr..in the .( . .rurl.i.in .l. . ;i 1 ! « .r i\ ij - 1 S • ; >.t 111 hail li .'e u.i- a .hh. .if iiiiu r ii-..!!ri'e i.l \\ (1. 7?, .iii.i unli i!ie-e , -li.ii^iial Kill-- he w.i^ ,,l.lr- T.i iiineli ntlu-r^, !.\'..! Ihi.ii-h he h.iil iii.!!i-iil:. In- \.t h< 1,1 i X-i >:r.i.'-'r ti..,n a/, -han!. . .ill tia'!--:-. VM!.- i |.'r he w.i-- Chii-t> (I I ..r. 111 J , 1. Il ■- ■• I .h-rf -I t • w i-. h li e hi !i;h|i to iwhu h r, ur.eh; ri-i s fi..'n ilu- --iinp! ■ -'.alein.-nt t li.it. f. -r t he -.ike 1 if In - mini -! ry, he ; 1- e. ireful to "lt. e im .ffiii-i- m aiiythiiij;," 1 r. .in "hi-. ni."li -t aiii! iii i'.itu. ntt- r.iiiee h- p..---e- to th.- ]! -;-i>.e -■.' iian! lli.!; he jiii.iki- .1 p-'iiit i.f 1-. •laineii. ;r him-.f m e. , i-y ti llie. .1- .1 nvii-'-r ot i,.iil -hi.ni.i i!'- I il: n tin r,' tl.i -! i'-i ■!! h -1' hi^ w ii- .le .1;- -'.ihe e.ire. r, \\ 'ii i'!.. ir. v.irl.ty ,'f 1' X ,'!;•!.<• : la- -■•I'.i-ys 11. 11 r.ipid and i hi 1 .ill, I' -- i li . 'ii .-. 'ii'iehii!;; oil the I t',, • i-ril, -X I.f • . , i ■ a,.!! hr h,|i| to ell • I ■;'!!•- r. ai-d '' . - I.f |! .- h.ii.i-h ;.- , h-' '- ii| 1. i l e-l •: i •' . t| i.n ' 1 e -pi! a 111 w : ■ i, : ' i, h ,' I ■ !i I ' ■ 1 ( • i. I 1 11, 1 ■ i ri-il, .•I'li! .1. ' 11 \ I 'i li .p. ti ' >• -p."! the para' I -m s i .!■ .i! h .■ ■! lite, • ■• ;> ■, [l a- a'li ' p, ,w er, -i.rri '.v aii'l p^ ' • .1111! tt.-.ilth — whull wer,- -o iiiarvel!- ii-ly rieonciled in Til. VII 11 i nl.'lNTIII ANS. Hi': Ki"ST( >!>; \ i h *\ - < > i\! ii n \i ' : I ill. I ( il^lX , 11! \ 1 i \ \ 1 > ■ I!-, r.i';; ! i . ■ M 1 - Mt; i.i:;- Ml...-. ■ ' ■ ■ - .i ■ . ' Ii!- !rv : :;;!.| -i • ■ . ' - . , ■ in ;■• tret w ■ ■■• •. .t •• f-: • V. .T'Tlii. .iti.I . -lu :.■ a: 'iiu ■• ! w • • ■■^ ,1- .! t!.- ni I : ,■ - ..: ' ■ - ' l y i..i-h I i- •- !i • ' ■■ ..■ '■ r;' -. N w rr. ■ rT.ii«"n%e ir\t . « f tl lu "-1 •': .■ •\ I Similarly — i spt-ak .i.s t ; »liiliiren ■ ...v.t .. II ill tlif tu.. .-I-!-!" - I- n I..- •• by YOl'k tlu-m \<\ ii.inii.- (..-t. < i.il. i;:. I. 1'!:.! ■ • ' cnlai ^i-intnt 'I hf.irl 1 ! ! i. Our mouth is open unto you, i , i S O Corinthians. ii;.r,,-.- i- -i- v "<. . ." , ' •■ .1 !!■ ''IMl! |. r "\Vi -J^'l.t-V t'» 1- " ! ;!l llitN \t it -t- t'.t v:-.:'. v\:it!!;th ( '■ " i !■ • : : .,!■.! Ir.ir.KiH-- u:ili uhi.'i T > \>.f.\- I'-l. it i • ■^-..^y-h li.iil 1.. . -I V, Vl. ;'..■! 1a ^'ii I'i- -■•■!:•'. I ^ .!lc\ lie .!• >• •• !!;••..•! •' ■• ■ • • , ! ■ ■ . f. , ■', , r :■ . . •> i. .\ tr-i. iim- - ■ ! .. •. • ■ ■ : ■ • ■ ,t u ■ .-I'l-. ..! :r-. . an in.l. \ t-. ! - . ior .r ! ■ ' i . .■; . a, !; ..ft, f.-.f ..t.i* ..i (!..■ ;■. "f I.! if' • !.• \ -"ii-'f.^i I'l ; , . • i. -!■! .ikt t!i : lina-f llu- . ii ■' ■! ii: :i- il-- (■■I'lntfr!..!!!. t' .• w,iv:'t J:,\vi -our heart is enlarged. ! 1.. • -i, !!■ !.• • ' ■ ' • ' ,n -.1 f -1" 'ik. .Til.ili.-i-.l .;.rl' TeTViri i-Tii . ■ ' ,'y •' j>iy .i- 111' wr.'-i- t!u' \' v-i- i ; '•: •! i- . ' ■ -.v i\ ' .■ 1. \ . - tlictn u ' .•! ! .• 1. . ■ .•■ . • : ■ I-.- .!i,l - - tpa- u.mM ■■■ ■ !■ ;t I:- I. ■,.!.. ^ ' M .... ., • tii..tt-.«i !:a- I.'. 4. II ! •• >•••.. .%-■!•.■■. ■! .-. II VI ■ ' • •■' ' ■■.prr.-^l. '!!. .111'! hr ■' ' • '-1';! ■.' i ' ' f. • a-^urr •!•! <■• ..f !!••■ ! I • • t t! • ; i 1, ■■ ^ I • '• ! li n . m !ii - ' .irt. i ' ■ ■ ■ • a' !■■'•;■■ 1 -'. V- tl 1' .'i \- ' '. ■. . '.■ - i w :.\ - Ml hi- ' ,rt ( \ r ; • I • n • '•• r ■ , . .,r, , . ■ ,1- • ■ : ,-. • 1:1 ■ . t ■•• , la- ! ! . a - : ! ^ :• \t .1 !| i!'. 1^ .•■ . - • ■ ■• I'ii-v ■ V > .• ■ ... / . .tnli- •' ■ [r \ ■ ■'^■i K\ ' ' • ■ : ' '. ■ i: • "''.'1 ,; .). , I. a.. , ; , ^ ■ .!;'-■■ i ..11 ' : i r it is not in us that vou are cramped, it i-; in y^.ur own ' ' ! • • • ' ' " • 1 hearts. ••. •. »f>.-»t y-u ■ i • 1 ■ ■ • ;• •? are cramned. ■ ' r' . ■ • ■ ... , , ,1, ,, ,, .. , , ■• .. t». I, , ,(■... :. . warm. V-' .a. a . aa.. • ■ - a ■ ■ 'il !' .• •!!. • ' a ■ a l.v 166 II COKIXTHIANS. [Ch. VI I.J \c not i:tiii|ii.ill> N'i'miI tii^;illiir Willi iiiiIm liiM r- , \'T wli.il ti 111 ^lii]! h.ith ri^lilri M-^ii' -» u"li mil .ii-iir»^ ' wli.it < . •tiiimiiii. Ml li.isli hwlit «itli il.irk- lu^- - Ati.l -aIkiI i..iic..ril li.illi I hri>t willi Hi li il i.r vvli.il I irt lialh he that In-licvith Willi .III iiilnlil ' I'l Ami wli.it atrrt i Hu nt ii.illi tlio tt mpic i<{ IiimI Willi idiiU' fur > (• ;irc tlic t>Miii>lo |aiil. I will iiluill ill tlii iii. anil w.ilk in tln'iii ; and I i will In tlieir tiod, and they shall tie my [H I pll-. wliicli 'li''> ari' ^iirromnU'1, I'.iil iiiinu- «li.ilt!\ l"|iir<' I'aiil Il ls liri ii r.iiiii -l!> liKailinK li'T .1 l.iI^'T pl.u-i- in till .-iltn'- liuiis 111 t!ic I ■ ■riiil iiiaii-. m 'In' p.ir.i- jjraiili lli.il f"ll"Ws (Ml tl ) llii~ yciiir.il lIlKllulll 1. .11! mm i!. .nil] the i..jn.iir t" t!i..M- jii \ , 1 .1 - M I .( ( " 111 .■ / , .')/( I' T 11^ I , i-.Mii ii iiif |i.i--.r.^.' M. i.t Ml 1 '"■ r.Mir-. It IS .!i!'K'i;li 1.1 -■:] )..•-■.• ;n'. I riii'liny as It li-Ms ill.- , .ii'!i!'.ii:\ 1^1 t' 1 i-'.iiliv.i I'll 1,1, lli s;,l, s, 1- W is Its ;"itl,ll I'.ii! 1.1 lis til-; , s.iiiiiiu tlu I'.i-s.i-r 111. .re 14. Do not become unevenly yoked with unbelievers. I lit- iircsnit tctiso (•>ii'#.•. nutt' iii>ti-ay the Knulish \ I" .. l'.i.kw;ii.I nl.iiu-i- at \i. I. Ill wli;>-li ap.'-iK li.ii! «-iilrcati ii lii« converts t.i , ii,,-,! t!u-y lii.l n..t reeeive tlie Kr:\c ■ l! Ii-"1 ir, vain: tills uiiiilil h.-ipiH n It ill. V ill l linali 'y ;illii d tluui-iUis ui:li i!u;r licillii-ii iu-il;1;1i"!s 111,- W'ld «'7-f(luil ",(M ITU, jukld Willi I'll.' ('/i v\here the Sv-I>t!iaL'int iiM-s till .rrr-]ion.!ini; ndiective •'■fpoO">rnai;e, m- '1- ni-iiten 'in 'iiiy N\ii in"'l liint sh.ili iH ' I'l.'iiLdi with an o\ ;ind .nil a'''! t..L:e!hi ! " The fiiriuroi, tinlu-lievers. are the liiMiliiii who i/.i lu't the Cliristi:iii ^;os^leI ; for .1 ("liristian to he assoei.'iti d with them would he an ituonnniiV\' of the same -ort when atiimal-i of Ie, as would I"' iii'.'ihid in in.iiryiiiK .1 lu-.ilheii wiiiii.iii, or 111 l.ikiii« p. in in li.-.ithrii s,,,-rii'i,-i.il 111. .lis, s,n ,,t i-hil. 111. 1 ;in-_:s (in ih, ..:!irr h.n.d. Mfse 17 siellis t.. iiiiply that the li'.ich with heathen MK-iety must be ah- si .lute. I 14-16, 'I 111 n- f.'Il. 'Ws ;i srrii-s i.f li-, e l|ni-s!l,,lis. Ml wl:il'h l:U- UP it lilll'I.-|s ,.| ' the nioi.il life are r'i> tori« .t'.U s;,,-. w ■ . iiiii. li piiwer .111.1 v.ui.'y. For what part- ; nership has righteousness and lawless- I ness? Sin is d. I'med 111 1 Ji'hii 111. 4 as [dfonia, lawlessness, disregard of the divine i l.ivv, a disregard which often expresses it- self praclicdly as " iiiicleaiiness " ( Roni. vi. Hj. dAo/'o/xria : cf. here ver. 17, o«oWdpToi', Iiriin.irilv cermi. tiial, hut al-o moral un- ci, .iniu-ss 1 . 11)1 riiristian's life is dean, iin r il, ; ,///, i/y Or what communioii is I there between tiie light in which tlir ; ( hri-ii.in w .Iks, and the darkness in which { iiir'.|-/.r. .\- liw , ,-ind which, hciiiK evil, they '.-M'.' I l:i -1- a'.siract i-\pressic.ns are ii'.vv ' K plac,.! h\ ciuT. ;. ; tlu- principles of ^l ud j.ind i vil. 1ml'.; .ill.! .I.irkia ied here as the great antaKoiiist of Christ. The contrast hetween the two great leadirs, Christ and Helial. now passes info a con- jtr.ist hetween their hitinan representatives, the bclivxcr and the unbelu'vcr: or what portion has a believer with an unbe- liever ? wh.it tlo they sluirc in Common? I Nothim; And what agreement has the ; ( ratiier tlian dl temple of God with idcls? j Tlie moment the idol appears in the tem- ple, it ceases to he a feninle of Cad: the lifeless idol and the Ih'int; ( (Urm) God C a. VI J 11 t UHINTHIANS. 1«7 17 W'lurcfurf fiiiiif out ftrnti .i!ii>iiiv; tlKtit. anil 1k' >(• ■>fi>.»r.iti-. -,iitli tin- l.iTil. ,11x1 touch not thr tiiiclv;iti tlii>i)i, aiui I Mill ricct\c >>'ii. iH will Ih' a l'"atluT utiln \iiii, .iinl \i- >liall 111' itiy M'lK ami ilatinliti-i ^.utli ilic Lord AIiiiiKlity. I II \r 1 I K r I H avin.. then !• r.' tin -r j.r. '!nisi-«, ili-.irly !>»l"\tii. I- 1 1:- i ll . ur-rKis If. Ill .ill til'liiiic-s i>i -Iv tl- >ii siurit. I'l-rli-i tiiiK li";iin 111 I'ii- I. ir ■•! ti-nl .ifr iiu'"mii.ililili- 111- hcMi!i<-> lit tin- u m I . IIIll-l i'l Ill.linl.Ulh il . li.i !1 I:. • 111 . ill . i 1- .iriiununt l'\ .iiMmi; " .• an '.I..- t 11; ; 1 . " 11 1^ tiiiTi li •! I- i ll' li'ilu't-^ 'i .it II. >! Ic in:untaimil aiul prcsiTM-d irMin ih'IIii- ! '11 16-17. For WE are the temple of the LIVING God; ti . |> 1- II n I'l sui>-T0f (luiii;;) -liow-. 1 111 ;.';,itu' i.-iiii!ra^l i> .--iiKyi -tcil muIi tlii- |n< I( Soliu; MSS 1 t.iiii.u.M] l i A \' 1 -n ...! . . . «VTf ( V •/( an I ; ^ 1. I { \>r. 111 I f. ir till' -,1'iU' I'li'.i. .i.i'l 1 (.'. ■•: '.I ]■!. iii;l.:;i;'\ ra!t ^ t!:. ■I t!,i' ii. '! . I l.r ( liri-! Mil l ii'iri !i i> liii' II ;'i 1. :ii|ili' . 't < I. i| ; ni 11 ( i".| ilw . V.-. ii III sli.t. Sin Ik- h .Iv a- \h- i ! • !•. 1* ; ' : ■ 1- li.'W < l.il'.'r^i-, .1 ].\ ■' t,-!. I.ill ll'i'll, ill!!' r. lit I'.:l '..'!■: ^ ''. \ I I -t.iiiU'lit. ami ii.: I ' ll.f i 11' w ■ ■ ■ iii'liir ir.i ail' n'4 |M.';r il |l .-i i;;.;; u' ili I ia \ 1 iri.iiiialK ••• •ii'.iui. <1 I !..• ipa : •• a ■!> ai'' ..pa-/.,: 1 . ait'".;" ', i ■ ' ' , , -1 ■ ■, • a l..aa \ ', ■ ■ ■ ir. As Gi-jii saui .that.. "I will dwell in them and walk in tl.tit\ an- . ! '. 1- ' WWII. ai'i u I" ula!. l>l."\..a I- I'l ilU' il altli'liL; !l;~ ]> ■ li'Ir a"i..i.:a :i .1 ..b. .!ii iu\ : ba! eliar.a-t ■ • i«: ;a..!;'. lb: l-a-iiuT i^ l"aa'!y a I'i.iliii ura '.'.a ■ .''. rii.it la. In t'a a-a in-ala .•! , ij-a 1.1 : -1. \i ia:;l Irnt a a 11 la!- .aw .iv Wherefore, lli;i* i-;. b. a.m-v' I'a !■ ■ ;.la r.-:-- I., 'i.'ly, a- ila ir 'mil i> baii., "Come out from amonj^ them, and separate your- selves." saitli the 1-ord, and touch no un- ckan thing at all 1 1.. .1 . • ,f . • . ■ arrjuT", . I'a. a I'l, . a' !al a .'I • 1" 1 ■ ■ li; 'li II. in -.', ■ .-b lla iaa.j.'l. t aja.. ' "■'■■:'■'!'. •■ a ) irh |.' lla 11 a. " ■ u' '. b. ar t'a. ^. ; j ' ■ ' . •■ - ■ 1' '• ' il ; ■ . .'11 />;''' _ • t • ■ a • a' - • I ' a •!•• I,- -aiiatit\ r •— . ' ! . . a . • .1 '.1 I !i a.T,-)(iaii;'.; . , nnaa ■■ t' , aa I b ri' .l'.:.lill tha , .|ia . :' ! bi- . ' • .! . 1 - u i.l.'iu '! ; It • • ' • . a ,.,1, ,n l:r :t':,'ii , . - n' 1 it a . ai'd ' pr. r\,. 'b.iii ~.'b r- 1 1 . iiil )/a 1111.'' a a ' ■ ' ' t i.i!; .aii-.v.v nf the di iMl tuia «ii\*y.irf . ali'l of the rupture with their iK>llitted environ 111. nt I li I 1, u. 'I -1' «t. .| !\ llie .1 .ri-'. • .1^ 1: a pt.-ri'i liitruf'ri briiiK-i " It taa . a/ tiii,;,' .iv.ildalKC o| I'.iitact WItll llli, li .111 ibr.).;- 17. 18. bail t'la di\ir.i' Iil'f ti'.t .1 |iiua 1'. 11 .Hid ,1 ti. ii a .11. It till n' I- ,1 < .ill to M |Mr,llr i. 'I-. b,!-. Ir.-in i.p.a t. b'.wdlip. •biTi- . ., i.|..!ir-. llai- «a -b.ill be .1 b'I'tad mil' .iiiotlur. and I will receive you |o J. >i.>.'i,,". ,is ib.e III \t ci.iil-i -lio»> 1 iiiM- wofiN iiiicbt be .1 l.i.'s,- r< I'l ' "I latiuii "I 'lie lib. I 111 l-.ii,ili In. IJ, but it i-. more la : .d ie lli.il ibiy ara a n iiinit-aam-i' of 1 . iv a I \\ V la, re, in lb' .Si !it!i.is;i!it, I'll- \ I i > v.iiiH- u . ' ; - . . ■•- / . ..' <■■■»«.• y.'M oi ;'. I eiti ye ' "1 And I will be to you a father, and as fur you .i ..!.* ye shall be to me sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty, lla 1 ni...l(1l,d < n .111 r, ; \. I ia ■ r : ■ .1 dl\ iiir la . Ilii a ,■■ a a. I -ii ' i ..!!-(.r;llu . r| 1 !i| • •• I uill b, ia- I ■: 1, .....1 la -! ..il ba niv •I ■ ' ; la la :• 1, u.,:, ;a d |., itubi.b .ill 1. ., ;.!■.< I 1 r. 15' >.\\. I ni iba ,ai .ib-.'iata i ri .li-v U llii 111 .it'a nd. .Ill IT: I aa II abi.. - tilt- .ai'Ir II . l' .ru: ! is ' ' ■ l-.!Mb villi f.i -'' ■ - ' ; ', • 1, tbe 'i' i! 1- I,, ',\ I , I ..' a r 1 '111 \bil " ta- : lid 1 1 ■' I'll III \ ' .S ' , lati. d a a tb, 1, -! ."■ .; 1! 1 ■ a,; . ; ii ' : ,.| • : ■:- : :•. j >v.ilii ' f uliiall « 'I'.":-: .ii 'ha 1 ]■■■ ■ -. tlu-v i".;.t' .....I 1, .•/' ./ • '. '•-, ,11.! . t \<.! ■ a 1 i 1- 11!..- Mi.r.t. ' '.'- -ba till -. d r aa . lb. \ .III' !• ■! „. t . -ir.iLi daa 1 I ! '■! -1 It 1., b.- ' .•:..'. . u il'.u-i v.i'' I !...■■. • . .11! a:ab-. r- I i . a • 1 ' ' ' ,f 1- ■'b 11". M 1. a- !a i:a - ,,1 ■' v . .b r ■ ■■ -,• (.a.. 11',: , ; '11 •■ r- -ir na ' . • •; 'ii. ! ,,'■'.! '". b ' " -M b.ird t- ■". • - a.Ka I" -, i' d. r- -ti'lv ra ,'. ,.,,a. .:■'■] a .' / . i! 1-''! • '■- a - •.•ia"..'--. .".! !.. • i'hU and iinn liietan'iy • >n in tla p.rii i holiness. Seeing then, beloved i for the ' .- I' iia |. 1 . I. 1 ii a- ll'lii' ■ • ..I l' |.- vii. I. I f I , .1 !'-..!. • 1- .d- II COlMNTmANS. H'n. Ml I< ii.i, I V I. ,■ M r I i . 1 ■ ' liiL.ti- t that we have promises like THESE irairit ,,iiii!.t!u I let us cleanse ourselves n i- \\-.r:'.i. I - iM' li: ' .u I wi'li >'.• . : I 1' 1. 11 i> >■.!!;«• iii 1 , ! ,i I i.ii»'i(ii,'..'>.>i ), aii'l till ».•• 'Ill" pi.ir. - - i •! - .n. M tir.itf.n 1- lip . 'iiil l'\ tl.r pi' 111 ( »)riT«\oi I TM I I , ip. i.i! tll'i 1-1 'ur ;is wll .1 I ■ It iliiii.iinK > .'Ills a clr.ili-ll L' I- ■ In- r!ti-.-|i\ ' 'v I'l.iili- till- ,(ln!"-|.lirri- 111 //).■ /. .;' '7 (-'' .iml -i ii'iii-ly i-iiiilr-;iil. \- wr ii.iM' .ilir.iily 'ill. H 1 .III -'Mi'iK lie ill n-i i| ill, It it !'■' .T-- ii;t'. ll'i- . "Vi. xt ill .1 I., 'ill r nil vjilu li'li- ll : • ,il-i' iiM I 'I lli.it lin- rl-,' 1 ■ II u-.il ai'i'i'iinl,! III. II el (ll .I'M U-.lMy v\ tl. .ll\ nil Ml- Ji'.-.i^i.. HI \cT--i-- I (. 15 I- (|iiili- niiliki r,iiii; >tili i:ii •! r -111. - i ■ i' . < .'.H 1 ! : ■!! the in 1 nil, ! Ill ... 'ill' I ..• i') \ :i | 1.1 i-|r,iii-i t 'i- 111-1 I . I - lii'iil '\i;\ iiiiH'l .ii i.f firsli ,11;, i .I/-;//' '^ ii'.l i-i ti r iii.iMi' r ' l' I'.ml "111 1 • !ii r i>':k - ' -. - I '•" • ■ i ii\!'.., InH.nr, ill .-f ;l I .|:":- !• . , iliiiili "11 thv wli.'K- i-r l!'i- r.! -Uv. tliiu -liiii I'f till' -1 . •I'.n 1, ■• w 111 '. I\,r.l li.inir- ill-!] .I'll -iMi.; t.'^itlur. i;r Mini, r -l.ll!il> l'\ -'a llll- IMl'ii'-.illy -ll.fll -'11 M!.n>iu-.. u!;;.!i ! 'i' : I'll I'l'. 'ii l'>r trict si;,>f, f.:" l>-- il-.;!i 'il f. 11! j"'l' • ii-n: ami In -p liu' ili.rii -I'nil, \\ ' ■ 'li i-- 'I , S • ■ ■ I . .1 '},'■ r 1.1 ]l"I!;1l!"ll r-i'I, . 1 . : " ', -I . - ' . I. II •!-.■ tri-th. 'M III' i'\|i'imi ' ill 11 lll'i I ! ';li 1 !, .I'l'i ! !,' t I- t, ■ " , I •"•i - ; "11'^ h.ii i ll 1] ji. Ill i| 1 ' . : . 1' 1 :i r u •!. . , 1:1. I'll- ''' 111' 1 ■ " ''!i ; 'I lit - "' ll ,iii .iiipi'.il .i;i;ii'-iii' I ir ll- iii,i\ li.m .iiiii' i| 1 1 - : , . . i' r a - Ill" ' , r I ■ ,1 ' '11. .1 fi r 1 ' 1 1 ; '1 ' - • ' jm I'ii :. i| I. ;ti r. 1 1 1 .1 - .il 1 ■ 1 11 ,i' •.. > - in- 'L'l-Iiij lli.lt l!:;. Ii i--,l',;i' II .!> 1 I.t In I'l ,1 II .'.'Mil !f lit till' Il it. r .illii'li I In 111 1 I nr. i \ 'I I'l'ilialily till' rcil tfiitii will lu'wr : In- hill 'W !l. I Wlll ilu r I'.ltll''* I'r lint, till' p.l-'.Ul- -I t-i iliii'i'i' 1;^ Miiiii' 111 tliv liiii.l.iiiiiiii.il iriitli". il l ilii- I'.ilili- t)iu' i> till.' iiitiiiiti- ilitTiTi'iice lliilwuii v!""il ami r\il, .iiul the iin|»)^Ni- I l'ili:> 111 fii:iiiiriiiiii-.c. < )ii tlii> imiiit llie lii.uliiiiy iif till' Itihlf i> viry sttrii ami 1111- lui-i.il.ilili'. .\s in till- )ir>t I'laln., tin re .irt- i'ii!\ two cl.i'.s,.-, th,. ri«hlii-< ainl till- U'rkiil: :iiiil t'li iiiiiiiiti' ililliiiiu'r ill ;!'iir I' .ii.utii^ uill 111 11'.,;. Kill !, .iii iii- t;-i .'i' (lillil illi-i- 111 I 111 ; r ill -I 1 ;!' - ll' i 'ii ilk- m;m ulin iliiiii,> l,i i-- m i':.;l 1- ri.illv . :i ihi- w I'll:-.: -l.Ii , \- M.ii' iii.iii 1:,,- -..ml. \! t.l -t -1 '!:t. Il.itll'ln; IMII '.M I! ippi.lT- IMiM' Kll'i.lll'f.tl .11"! '1' I'.lllt 111 ,ill ' ' li •! ' ' ,1- II ii.iMtii 'II 1 1 I I'll 11 I ' I'l .1111! ''111. Mil inl- a'"! iiuiiiii- I'l (iiiii,. 111! iiii.iiiiiit yi'ii ;i!!iiii|>t ti> apply it t :r«>iii t! i- i ' . > "1 pi 1 . I ", r 111 nv i * \ ll- it .III '.i I-! - !•• atf. .i|'|>.,!i !•! r- 1 'y. ami li - i ■ i- ' ii.u I ' ' 1 " ' ' \\ 1 ' III' r iiiiiinu ii -'i:irpl\ • ;- Ii IsiV." \ :. :•• thi- 1 .1 'I'lfllH- " V. ' i i ; 1 ill,- llln-l i'.Ai-inl linlil .-I I'rml- '■.ip.icii.i;i>. iilrln- 1 ' I il. i il 11: •ii!ii;i-. i!i-\"iit. :iml lia-- iiii. I t ' i- ij t'l tli'-i-n II- :n\ fill -'.ii'i'.w !, ' - till- h"' 1-1 - -1- " 'I'll.' .liiiii-nhy 1- , !• - nl ',\ 1 ' - -i\ 1 '■ ••; ■■ Irmn t'li- ••"• v.ir'l 'n- I- ■ 1. ll i « !:. 'I : . , ^ - • ' I " ■;■:' i i;. ' •■ ,. " ,','''1';. i;i\ '. ',,',. i':.:i' d , ' / i-. 1 1-, iiiim'. '■ I ' x\ >•!• ■• '! u. I ' ■■ .iii'l - > \ .iKii' U ■:■-' '1 ■ ■■\'\ 1" ' r 1 ' ■ 'in- 111 ''!v -,.-! • '." -1 ll • , "- 1: •' : . I'l i ! ir:' • 'II'. ■i:,pr"'! I- !' 1 '' • 'k of III' ''•:,1 1 I ' ■ « I . • '., Um I ■■ - : ■• -•'-'.' -1 1 ' « ••' ';, 1. \ a; \ 141. -it ■1 1 \N -;t \---l 11: 1 1 11 ■1 ( ' • tii'li 1'; -, . ' .. .': 1! 1' -^.-^ tl (•"'■!' . I •!•• • ' It I i'l > I ! ' ■ I '111' I - ' ' - ' ' ' '1 ■:.■'': ' : I - ' ■ I pi- ' I'l'l'' ,ili -' i I- ti l !• ■• '' <:■■ \ III r imI'm, , ,1 ivi'i 1 11,. ,!;|"''. 1 . 11 I- ill '!;, nil I'l tuii-n ilii- .-ni'l till- -iiiTi I'liiiliiii; i-- r,'i-M \,r ill : til' 'III..- ! -i. I'-. , ]■•' -1 p.ir.il!-. t':'- ri -.- I'-iv "ij " 1' ' 'li-iil. ! 1 1 >tii 1 \ ii "I kiri! 'ill V ' '«-Iiip, ii'.io ihr luaviiily laniily. intn the (11. VIII II roUINTIMANS. 16<) K.o v. II.. w, li.u,- «r..tu..! p., J have -.li.l l.. l..:r. t!. it \, ..r.- iii . nr ' r-'|.ti il ! . . II ,n, u I' 'i u ! ■ ■ T ■• !h I , ■, t\"-i' . t ■■ ■.1 I '■' ' ■•■•ti!,nt!"!.itir'i; ' , ,1 ;ii , . 1 . . • ■ , ' - Ii.iIm! . -I'ti; .Ill' !a j.'-,, .| .M,:,i;i:,i; „,■!, „, ■ . ; ., ^ ]„ ^-:~,,,,,| r.l.itiim^liili-, in ul'.ii il li.c-Mn. m.Ti 1 1 a iii.ili ... f -.■•■''■! ' tni;h i-.i.> t,- ;,.K.m. ,- ...i tli,- imUi .■! | 3. i'l. M.j t .; a- I;, ' i ■ i t , |.I m tlic ..Uii.>-|.!icn ii. .,rt .| ihr « . ■n!;:hi.iMv I'..-!) 1- rii i i f l\.ir ■ I 1 1... I 1:1 «!ut'il lllf V\IliiK' III- Is lil t il ; ami tin- ' \iuh iti i •! I . .U' l 1 !!■ 1^ til IV -.■[■.iratioM i< ri wanU.l «itli an cltTtial ; m t in I:;, h,,r-li ! ri-. i!,iir. lu- a.l.l- w.iRlit of Kl..ry. jit is not to condemn >..ii i!it i m.M ,i I ■ • ' . ..f \i. 1 I l,s I 1;, Tt In ■ ' ' tii-.t wliil.i.r i-oii-Tamt in.iv i .' . v -.'.l lifUx..-. llu- (''ir:i!tli?.iMs ;iii,| i nil. it 1: 111 li.'i'ii .ill T "11 tluir si.!.', iii.f I'll ! lu rr w.i^ r...'!n. am].!.' r.i.'in. |.r<. i.i. uii,-,. 1, i;,,t ,,1 |,l.iiii v I'.i-I III. .111 ''..It I'.' i> r. ■.!.!> |.. liw .111.1 '!i.' "iiii '!i.hi, .T th> '. \\}fh li in In -!ri.t Kf.mini.ir. tlu' !.iti.r i'.\|.!.i!i.i!i..n i:> lii.irt f..r Jh,-ni: ami lu- .1 uii ,1 ; v. ■ .:i!.| m .ni ili,' iilt,- i.I.in.il.I.-. .i^ \ „ i, !'uin 1. a.-i-.>ril lii'^ a -innl..! i.:.!.-.. Ill t;.. n- 1 !'..■ .Mil.n-t ..i tli.' ~. nr. n.-,-. i'ril i.,!lv K. irt. In ill,.- s,i;;k- s;r.i!.: lie v.--\\ r. .11 - I im-.ins, li,.ui v. r. ih.ii h. Ii.i^ fli.-ni iti liiv t ' make room for us m ....'.r Iir.irt. ; lu-.irt. ami tin- i-.'iu i;;.l!!i^ plir i iii..\ . ..mIv III- il.-r\.. :'ii~. t.n- I;.,, t\ r. .1 | iiuatl. tli.it lie w.h.iM I.,, uillni; 1 "i- '"II-- -<'ii (•>»•''•-'') ■•. .:ny w:iy — .ijiiic wtlli llii'tn. On tlu' ul...|, > . i> tn...ii ! oI., ; • .r -li. !, •.. i'mI. l;a|.^ tin- ni.'ri- aiipr.ipriati'. I .tni!iii;nity ^1''! -1 ■ ! ' ..I tin- iW.vk i.lir.i-.' n!ii;!it |..- tii-i~ r■.•;•,■, in,. ] l^ (,,. ..'!■!:. -A :!t l- •- i '..nl r= i;.ir.i , h: , !■ i. ., .luiin..! I ni;; 1.1 u . II. VI <}) Ins I 111. rc- ; r. .innii ri! I'.u • !i!.iii I;., I ..' '• ■ ■ . iitft!. • .;. • t ' , ' 1 1 . -'.| I i ■ . 1' m'-'x i cx ' ■ : r,. -t a in, 111 ]•.;> iic ,m ■ I . i ! ■)...n h In .liltu-nlt '. .' i -n.' Ii\'-iv;. I.. n.'i ■ U' ni, .u:i-.„ ; - . |.c \-.. i''i ( 1m' 1 1 1 ! •1 Nii^-, , I ■1| ..!...t u ..r i' is ill. ,1 I ! 1' !i ■! . .I'.nii; |ir..-, .1, - tin- in f,iil!i. i',1 .it.'.r t . unli I ; I t 1 1- 1 » niijT. ImIiI. • . • 4. .! > ..; . ' ■ ! ' . . .' r'-"'i :i ' iir- .nuh - ' 1: ■ ' ■ ■ , • ••>:••. I •• !••• ■:. ■ • >. t!- •» tlu ■ !i- ; ' \v. •• < ar.' t. . . \i.l.:in. .M.\ : 1 ^ ' ■ . ; -\ 1 nil- .1 M>«» T». 1- I •, , 1 , , ,,I , !: I ■ I ■ ■ ' . t ■A Ini h .i.tv «. II h.u I r. ii • . ii. . ,v .T . . ' . .'.it's: m -N in ^i .-"rri.j ii;..;.... 1 .t"..' ' •;■ 1 ■ '..r t' . .Imla-an .-Ini' . ii-f \. • h tlif u' itTii-t.-.l nt;n !i.i\.- rh..!- 'ill . n-,A,\>j ;!ns -I, |.\t.>r!!..'i u t xii. 1'.. 17 ). , irnXiTC"-.-.! : nr. - . r ... ..r.N II,. .- ,11 ' '■■ 1 !!:.'(• nil' ji-.iii . ( \ i-r ■I ■■!■ th. .11. I .. !„,,|Hts i.f ■ : • "1 ,". r i„. '' : 1 . • .-..m • •'• • . r\ I.-icpy \-r\ iiu, I '.•.!! ■) !■ s, 15!, ,,. , 1 .Tto*r#i. -T(Tf t (ju.-(t I Great .> .11- tttikti.>\Vii ' . I!-. " .ays 'is my confidence in ' m r. la'i. r i... ' 'i' .-!|.' .iihI hi- f. Mow wurki ' ir/int ; you t :n ^t'.i-U ;i . .. i..^- rii(.i>>-.n , ,■.■,„ . ; . ' i'ati;.-.! with tlm- fiiiiinv; ..i!.i-r- ii ir-llv tiii-an " !i!m r" •' ;.. l; " , .mil ' -ily iniuht t'u' -cviTity ni h< •. , , .. .•tu.ir"!-. Ins -trict!!' i": ji>!!.'-!:..!i:. In^ — great is ip.y hoast.tig r.r- y.->ur behalf. 170 II CORINTHIANS. IVu. VII 1,1!,,! vMili (•..itii..rt. 1 .1111 c)nit"l »"« >'iminK fiily. mit by ■l.mi.i. «,iir Ii.kI ih> r«»'. but we tttn itlir •-■.•iM.lation whtrcwiili In- v*.-i> mm II..UI.1..1 .,11 .v.rx vMllioiit Uii.- tinlil (■•rt..| in yil. wluii lit- vA>\ ns your ..,riu«t itiK». vMititii Unx- .liMn-. yi.iir tn..iiriiin«. \ »M',ii i'. I,ni ,;' iKi.i.ii.: /■ \ , I experience .m overHowifiK joy. amid all thi» affliction of ours. I 1h ti.in-',n,tii In.iii the tir^t IMi- plur. (Ml .M M the Miin. ill X 4 ■,>!-L',-i- il'.ii wi- ii.iM- luri- a iKTiiliarly la- t'.ni.iii .iiiil I" ! -I'li.i! I'.iiili --iiMi of It tliti^ I I.I .,n .l-t,Ml >■: CoIllt Tl .lll'l h,ll,l>i!K>' iKconii- ili.ir III the luM |>ar.i«t.ii)li. out .iil\< r-arii .'I v\ U- in ••n t ame-.t .iml .lariiiK a man w-.iM li.i\f lU" lack, .111.1 fears within— fi.irs for ihf >i.iriitial ciituliiioii i>f lu^ ciiiuitt*. for their allitiiile t> \ar(U his li tter, ete. I he«e alu'i'' l>air-j , I xMTiI-. witliout mtIi or ei'itiin' p.ir- 11, I. . .1 ' . X ■ I > iiniirc - -IK e. 6. But li:^ ,1 Ti-- w.i- rili, ,'.1 ! >■ the i-nniiiu i .mil tl.i ,■ t.^l; nt I Ittls was I , It ilu ^;ilt < I '-l 1; l"> . ll l'l, li lit. l ilt a pr, '\ ulriu i-. .-i ■'■\i;ie I r|/. /,! , 11, III, Ii.il eoMlt' Illl -,1 Ill'l I ,..>. liiii ( I,"!. I in- liiiii; I'.i- ,i^:e III !.u I pwile I 1. .i II ) liail ilui It ■•' • -ill uiH,!! liuMie i',iii-, N.iti,'!! (NiHti, .. • ! hy the r.iitl MOW Willi ev' <'■ nit, ;ir,! I ill .ill li;- ..Itli.i'on. in i T . ;.,i-ai;e iian.'iilaii!-. oi Im " v. ' ' ' •"' I'oa , , •n-i.l. riiii; tur-'-li. - ii- with ),',,',,'.,', iliii,|r,l .i! ■! "I ' • m.i! I I'll' '••iHiilc iii-:.iiu-e ot 11 ; t, ,r He Nsi,,.li he' h. Ill I'l'H . ii:i' II u IS wiio comforts the downcast ( i!r-. r.iilur ;,„M,.,1. ..I.'it ' . -i.i.Mi.v |ll.,:n V. 'nn.'!..^!- ti.e ' •■; ti • iniiir. — i,,ii iiia,K' up, ,11 ! T.ureu l,i-,i (U.iliiiK Willi ilu- la-, of -I If -comforted us by the coming of 7'if.i.v (I'll/ //i-f ■ wi lling .\t:^s I vii. 5- 1 J I . an N ■ ,11- li •'l. 111 !.\ i; ,1,, iM , .-1 uia-i li lia.l ,, n. nlv vi M '1 , Titus: liKl's 111 l<»'l, tile coiiiiii>. was lii,ii. laii ii 1 1' iliiie 111,'!-.:- iia.l 1! I'.nn'lllie . 1, in. r; in whhh lh<- o 'la;:o!i \va> tii'i: ; ( 111 .il! tl'< points li l ien p'-! .1'. '• '. ••iiv... -. j 1,1: '•.•!.' ..s i\ iiiilih r.a'.- 'iii Miuir.^ ' 5. Ill I n -;K an ^ ■.'■:!i, ,i .It I apl'oiiiUil .it 11.. t tin. n -•li --iH 111 1 i h.Mrt, lie Ik Ma,-, ilon'a. .ni'l 'h' 'e it iin.i.l hail I in.iiiil' -Il .1 : the word ( T.t(>. • la 1 i- the ,,| i itii-. i ■-,irie a- iliat iiNei! lor li.e i-'nniiK' ipre-_ . ol (_1iii-t. l!ow iiir.'h the comiiij; of ,] ; ,l,,ii,l 1,1 iNpiit. I nil- III, nil '11 I'.i'-I ;it tin- iiiiietiire, and I t, .\e well' iiiloriiK.l of thc.liow (lii.etly he re^ar.K.I it a- all exiire>- 1,\ \\'-< !i r.nil wa- C..11- i ^1011 .'f the . Ui'h tins , lliom:hl of il iii i.i;-, s him to a sedden " |. r ' 1 in -1 of ^r.'it, I'll pi 1- . 1 ! 7. r. Il il wa- ' U th,' U I f hv th. eotiiii".: "i I nil or. - 1' ml p It. , Miit. i'M \r. I'liy I sir, --r- ll.' eon; 'ii; v\ of t'ee m: -t, np '•■ th-' nu in • .,• a ■ <" i- ' ' ' ^ -,.ie,' M >S I In 11 1.;. Il i'- li s ■■' t' .,! i- -ai.l lo 1mm h ,,1 no n -t, Ii, re In- /.', ...'/; til, I,' I- !i!'l, pr,u-l:>Ml .!i:T.-M n,'.' h. ' a , n. • !;,. ,•,••111 n'-, 1 vi-epf thai the f- •nil. f 1- na i,' i!ti!i r than the laf-T. l-!,:ih >ti«- ue-t- ht'ii.ati ii.i' -ire. ! ' ot its \Maliir-- a;:,l fraihv But in every direc- tion iwe weret afflicted: t':a .li-ire-.s was hi lii I'l/eMiiji .111.1 battles with- rnii-' taee th-il rtfort. •! I ini, w. l.-onie ti'oii«li that wo';'>i ■• . hii: the ria--niiiiK in, --a'-;.' wln,-h li'i:- hr,,;'.;!n .1 ilie (',>_- ri'i:!. .Ill -'!n.:'ioii • of 'I:. .; iw-niii ni sjrief, ,.] i: . ;r /, ■ •• - m, 1' 1 :r tl.i. '.'y to ! 1- :• •!•• ;!• And «i •' • n ri •: n- not by his coming only, out also by the ccmfort which he I iin-. if received from you 1 '[''■"■ e,'ni;',,r' v.-'U :■.]•■■' lu' Ua> I'on .M..1 ill r. ■p.,'t .'t \'.'l, ill >. nr ea-.'"i. I itn- pa--i - "ii 'o I'.nil th.' e.iiiifort whieh he lia.l liiin-el." rimoeil w'1.11 he saw the ehaiiLteil »pir- i'n il cotiilition of the Corintlii.m ehnroli. Tit It-' lu u s comforted I'.iitl, as he told us the story ifius. ptc. di.a-)fir«\Xu)i' » of YOUR longing to see inc. of YOUR mourning at the irreijnlarities in the ehureh ami at voisr toler.Ttinn of the ofTen- i'u. VIII n roKlXTIIIANS. 171 I • r I'liiiitll I V ■ : 'A ill 1 t- 1, 'I.T, I .1.. ■■ 1- I !. ■ . ■ I '. • • t f'T I jMTi-. .\f til..* ■ - t j ; • ! . I II! r't > 11 - .ri>. t;.i'.i_!i it !■ ' • r a -1 .i-'ll. .1 N \ I n 'i.u-i\ !' ■ l' i" •. 1 w ■ r.- if, . I : . ■ t t'l i! \v ■ \ ' I ■ • •■' ■ w .itt. r t r . , ■ n !■ li.i! !.':t l!;r ■•ti..,\ • t, I « ■. : - I I ( • \ . .r:-\ of YOl'R /cal ..ti Tiiy behalf. ■ :r • I ■ 1 III ■• ^ , ■I'-i.ii n so that, ! . r • M I ' I ' ■ I. II file, I was made even' more t>lad il .iii '>> In- nii ti- v - '. -ii.l .1- li .il til. nil- inc. ) u .ititt'H tiitu. 1 , ;h ,1' 1 i|. I - m li" lit O't •! I ! I" !'if il. 11. IT' ".\ i; 'I . ' il u ' ,1 'i I ',nil 11 , ! «!i 1 .11 / , ' I . • .I t. A n 1' 11 ■ IS Mi u i I -lu . .Tni'iK tr'.-ii hi, III 8. I'.iiil iH'w ri M Tls ilrfiiiil! ly and i\ •>; lly 111 tlir Mllitrvt <'i tlir li '.liT ( ,i|'I'.ii fntl> 1 l"' .1 iiitln.iii- ; and. I'-r l!ii' ^I'.ril'i,- inciiliiit, cf. I I "r. v i, wliiili 111- !;.i'l n i s.ill ti> f' .ir nni;' • li.ivi- tin r' !y \r\rd l!ir C..riiuln;m «•!. • '.. r" ■ :! j.- ••!!;. r>v tli<- spir'tnal r< -I'l' is ' !■ 'i :!;:■ • iK-'l n '•> |ir "ihu'i'. For, though I grieved you in the letter wliiili 1 wmti tin- tir-t ri' -!l. c. rt.'uiily ci.nt.iiii- - in..' ^I'vi rc writini;. wliti'li mav ull li.i' 1 I'l-miliatrd an.l v;riiv.d tl.i- pr. - i ( int'- I do not regret it. \ \ , i ' t; . lu \! 1 1 : •- »< hai ufTffiiXvu-^i' ur i~ r -i. " 1 il.i ii.'t rr|H li!. l!. -iijll 1 '11.! r- • : !." It Ill, tii-u!i r ■Aitli \ K. \ • t.ik. i' uilli .MiiK .l-.i: . •■ - 1. liim c'liilr ' '" " <• X »'('•■■. •■ n.'VV I atii i;I.id ■ Though I WAS inclined to regret Il 1 i!il.s aiii'i-.ir> t'l I'c U.i di li.-.it.' .-'m.!.- of iiKaniliK Miijdiid tiy t!u iiiii'i i l. ' ti-r-i I --for, ' a.'.'- 1 i-iii!'. lu'.iIU. I see, ii'-n •'■ i;. ... . i - I.I I II'. ■, that that Utter grieved yt-a. though L it for a sea- son — NOW tli.it I kii.'w li . whiiK- tr'uli, I am glad ( xav"-', ^ i- xa^iiai. VI r 71. i!u- rcadiiiK in vir. 8 i.^ iinci rla'n. Imt tia- Kiini'.il >tn»e is IK.! atTecU'U. .■^' iii- .\i>S. (!iill..tted liy \Vi.>t.-.itt and H'TI I utnil ■><«p .liler /SXtVij — >:iii])ly "I mi- that . . ." \\i>tii'lt and li'irt n<< ftirtlnT and -ii-ji:!-' that /iXtirctf is "pnihalily a iiriinitivc irn" f,,r p\firu>i> (paitio I — ■■ tl:";i;;l! 1 ni'iiilr'l. jiViMji; that tb.it Umit yruMd yi. i.' I'.nt the imi)rc.i.-i. '11 i ri.i!'.! li> 111.' ii.in r.i'u ^is of the ordirarv 1- 'iin.!! in"ir lu.lx. 9. Of r..'ir-r I'a'il ■- ""I k'"' ''' -'I y \\ iTO grii'\ 1 ■ i : t" . iiu \\ ' ill II ir .liid di i! !i vv;is oiu' uilli In- i-iiii..rl^ Imt. .1 i . ti'' prit'f "t i-"ii\iTt< \>. - l'l In- .1 t;ri. 1 t.. him. It ti l' f:ut •■ .: ;!i.-r ltIiI l..ai'^ spiritii.al fruit, a' ' • ' ■ a cliaiiKc of mental (Mffa.. .1 -piruual atti- iiiit bec iiise y.'u wete f;ii< vpd, I iit l>e cause your urief i>sued in n-(>tntaiu e. i ■' li'l' i W [• ' ' ' 1 • . 11, I • !• •• ■ 1. I. .-. ■• -.■ .Ix < I. ..| 1- 1 .1. . it U.IS 111 ,U ' ■ '■ i ' I . U 1 ! '1 tin- . In • ■ l\ 1 i. It 1 ' ■!! ' .!i • ■! ■ I .1' I II 111 I . ; .' 1; I • ( ( ■./ I'l'i "' for you were grieved in a godly manner, that in no respect might you KuHer loss, 111 |> trtu 'i! ir, m r. v: ml 111 \i '11 .i.i/r .j/i. »; (Mf. in. from us. Vca n «!• liml t!i.- v,,-ii.- 111. '.], -t iitiili t -l.i'i ir.( nt :i> in M-r J. I lu- di-.iia- . l.uii inai ..I lliiir >; '.|ly >i.i-t..\\ r.nil ri-i'M-'ir- .!•> that (la y niii;!it r tin i.'-> Ii.'iii I w, ^M.-h .IS tln-> \\ . .--I 1 ' i . ■: ' I . .1 , ! ' It • .1 f'lW I" 1-11 . .1 1 i ■ i.l! . I 1: ai . : : p ! .-f t.u t. la'i ..• ■-. II . I..--. I -u till- ' 't ^aiil - . - : . . ' . .!- I. . ^i'< ■ .\ 1-1 \ ' 1 Ill, t t 1,1 1 i"" . ■■' ■' . Ill ',1 '■ -:ii I'aitl atn! hi-. -'..Ill all . 'I 1. ■ i i . 10. I I.- • .iw . • 1 '• 1 ■ - •■ -I -, . !ii.-!l ill. \ I. !;. \'W --i.Us ■ - ',K a • It i 'l 111 li Ill:,- and i.).': ; 1 11. wi'li ' ,t .'tinr «..rri'\\, whah la- li.id I. .ii. .1 u '- ,,'! llu-y I '■ .1 -I'll I'aallv i'. .11.11 -.111.. A, whu-h i- 'I : .:r an.! d.-.it!;. For godly grief ■ » 1| p ' • . - i' -. 1 1 t.t <, 1 -w.iks, ■' • -. repentance which issues in ."•' salvation that is not to be regretted. It - \'ry diKirnlt t.. s.iy wliitlit r till- la-l .idji i tivi- I du«Ta^t.\ijro» ) -'i.aild In- takiii with till- word r,-f,-ntantt' ,,T ,v i/r .i/ii'ii -.1 t ir as the i.rdir nf the w.irds IS ci.nrrriii i. i itlit-r wi'iild he p'>s- '-.ilik- ,iiiil iiiirinal ( i (ireek ii-iai;e. .\ V. siiv;',;i - ,1 pl.iy np-.n tin- wnr.!-. uhuh is May t innliar in dri-i-k — " ri7-,-ii.Mn. ,■ to salv.iti' r. 11. .t t-i 1"- (.■,•. '■.'. ./ "t " appar- enll. .1 r.-i'iiitai . ui.a ii u aM lu-xer II. ■ .1 t.i 111- lip. I id I'f i!i!t till- pl.iy is i!"i •vryc-'i 'l hy the (iri i k, wlnrli ii-cs tvv.iil fd y, ' * \\ ( iriN M''^'^*'***"^'. ^^1'** ^^1""*' (111 I'-i- ..liar l',,ind. " ti"t I.I li. r.p.irid 111" nii-,;!il s,.-iii ;i viiiiii-'i, il 1 t ina- rpitiii-t to apply Id s,il-.ali"n, Imt '1 nad.-i -t.ili-- iiirn' . ar..- c 'iiii'i"!! and Iri.j-a ml;. i-\pii- -i\t-- (t. "a i:--.-'!! i.f !i" M" m 11';.."- la-iK'i; a -.il .ii. 'a wlii'li ii.i i"i. will cvir rit^r. t ha. 1.:; .ittanu'I. li\vi\'r hard ' ' n-ai'i, aihl !a)\..r\. r di.irly !...':yht ( rii,itiiin III \Il.)r-li ()]\ till- ulii.li-. hiiw evi-r. It siitii- iimu- apprnpia.ilr l.i i..iiaial MKIOCOrv ItSOUITION TBT CHAIT (ANSI and no TfST CHART No. 7) 172 II COKINTHIANS. [Ch. VII II For behold this selfsame thing, that ye sorrnwed after a godly sort, what care- fulness it wrniiKlit 111 >iiii, Ti/ii;/ cle.ir- ing ot yiiiirscUes, yea, iinliniiatn >n, yea, whtit fear, yea, «7iij/ veheiiunt desire, yea, what zeal, yea, what revenge! In all thiiif;s ye have approved yourselves to be dtar in this matter. ij Wherefore, though I wrote unto you, I Jid it not for his cause that had done the wrong, nor for his cause that sutTered wrong. Inii that our care for you in the ^ight of God might appear unto you. the adjective with the word "repentance." But the grief of the world works out, results in, death. The grief of the world is such as is felt by those who belong to the world, and not to thi- kingdom of (jod — grief in whieli tlie thought of tiod is not prt'Miit, grief which is not Kara Oeoc, wliich no relation to (iod, grief wiiicli thinks only of Its own luiiiiiliation, aiul whiih is not ;iice|iii(i a> (hscipline (xn. -M ) .Hill as ;i nu'aiis oi s|]iritiial proKress. Sr.cli grill, lia^MiK no outlook upon dod .'iiid iiopi', lan only consunu-, wiliier, deaden tlu' soni, hiiiii; it to despair and death: .salv.ilion i> ini|M i-vilili'. II. Ill c-oiic.Ih ir.HK -1 of wh.i; ho I:as just s.iid aliont tin- itioct of >;uil]y .iiricf. lie appeals to tlu ir own recrnt exiu ru lu e. It wa> I'n.s I tv V tUiii^ (aiTO roi ro ) and not something el.se, that produced the mar- velous change in the Corinthians which he proceeds to describe in detail. For see! — they cannot deny the evidence of their own eyrs — this Very thing, your godly grief, i nuan — what earnestness it vrrought for you, so unlike your previous iiulilierinci' ; nay, not only earnestness, but (dXXd) ,il>o what self-vindication, as yon maiiit.inu (I your innocence In lore I ii is, in the ni.ittir oi the tran-urc-sor ( i (\ \ v.) : nay, iioi .,nl\ m-; t -\ ihiIkm! n in. t ut indigna- tion at the 1 r.m-urt s^or ; nay, not only in- ) to their brother's ilisgrace, which had pained him so much, and evoked from him some vtry stern words: there hail at least been no t'osithc participatiim on their part, and rani, in the cMitierance of his joy at their fruitful rcpcni.ince, is content to say that tln> h.iM- " .ipl'l • '\ 1 il lliilllsiUrs III 1. I'V- ihiii^:" In everything you commended yourselves, and shou.d yourselves to be pure in the matter — the disgraceful mat- ter to which Paul does not wish to allude more specitioally (Tnhlle .•nid ileiicate, and ciinte in llie skilful , coneiliaiory vein tliat runs tliroii.uli tlie I wliole paraKr.u'li. That is why we have I been comfort- d, lie^ ai'si' the ohject of the letter, as jii.st detined, nas been attained. The Joy of Titus at the Sens He Brought (vii. The news of the changed situation in Corinth, which had so comforted and glad- dened Paul (vv. 6, 7) h.id been brought I to him by Titus: in a few additiotial words ' he lets the Corinthians feel how much that news h.nl meant to I itns, as well as to him- self, litMS. too, had been refreshed and cheered hy what he had scm in C'oriinli. .mil Ills h^.llI Willi olll 10 liie piMjiie. .IS he tlioiii;lit of the wi Iconic they had exteiideil to him. It w.is the more iniiiort.mt for Paul to reassure the Corinthians of the Ch. VII] II CORINTHIANS. 173 1.! Till rciMrc \vl- w ere coniforti-d in yi'ur CMint"rI : y< .1, and c\iH f(li;iKiy tlio niiirc ji<\\i\ wo fur tin- jny of Titus, lio- c,ui>o lii-i ••pint \\a< rifrtslu-d l>y \i.n all 14 I'iir if I have Ima-iiid .my tiling I ' liiiii of yon, I am imi a^hatni'il ; Imt as spake ail things to jou in truih, even so our I)'>a>tinK. winch I made before Titus, ' is f.'und a trntli. j 15 Ami In^ in\>aiil a'Tn-tmn i-, mnro lalunidant touarrl \<<\\. wiiil^i In- ■ nieni Itiitli till' olifdu-nrc ,.f \..n all. llow with liar ami ircmlilnti^ m- riiiivni liiiii. I'l I K-i'iicf tluTftnrc that I have con- t'i(Kiii'o in >iiii m .ill tlmi^^s. Krt-.il place tlicy liad in tlio heart ot I'ilns, .IS he w.is retnrinni; to Lnriiith in connec- liiin with the eolKetuni t'> l)e di>cn'--ed in the next two chapters ( vni. (>. 13. Pan] has jii>t spoken of the i,im- f' tl he h.id exiieneiieeil ,1 the succe>^ful i-"Ue of his letter, lint there \\,is inori; ill. in comfort, there was delight. I'anl re- joiced with tlloM- who reioieed, and the manifest happiness of Tims, as he came hack with his good news, liad provoked I'anl also to happiness, indeed to a tr.ni~ port which he can only descrihe iiy the joniewiiat nniisnal «U'vicc of f.vo comp.ira- tive adverbs ( TepiffffOTfpwt ^d\\o»). And in addition to (or po^^ihly simply in) our comfort, we were made the more exceed- ingly glad by the gladness of Titus - his f;lad;ie-s lu iuk' because refreshment ( acaireVarTai co iio iir^t. and is i inphatic) has come to his spirit from all of you (diro, fr. iii: thry are the .v.'K'.i' of the refre-liini; I . liiiis ni.iy u>ll l;aw started for Corinth with niis^iiviiiK-. h it he fomid there a reception as niianini' i:is ( irdi'Tu'i 1 as it w,i> Mirivn-iiiK', It i-- h- .v/-;!!/ that w.is refri-lud. jiist as it w.i^ I'.iui"^ sfinl (n. ij; rit-sli. vii. 5 ) th.it w.i> tr. ■iihl<-d. 14. Despite the str,i;iud rel.iti'ns hr- tween I'anl and the Cornithians - on tlu ir part at lea-t, though not on his (\i. 11- ij) — he yet believed in the'ii, and was not afraid even to boast of them 'o '! itus — ( cf. ix. J, where he l)oasts of their lib- erality). Taul's , ! tiilence may have helped to all.iy i in' ii"-givinKs, when he started; and I', ml rrl.itc • Here with e\i'!ent I>le,i«iire th.it hiN e"nlidi'i..'e in the (."orin- tliian^ had 1" ' n nion- i! a;i jnstitinl l>y their trialMMlt of li - iT;-., iry. lie had -[lokril tile Irii'h. a^ iv h ■ ■'. h ,iKv:i\ - ^ji'.ik^ the iiiiih For if I have made any boast to him about you, I was not ashamed y >:\ !-howecl the iir..ih'.:e- ul !i I Im 1 t^^.l l i'iis \oii w'MiM -!i...v On the contrary, t ir from h.ivimr any occasion to he a^li.ini' d, this boasting of mine ,i! '"it v m i ^ome before Titus proved true, just as all my words to you were true. I he ap"-'! - caniHil lu lp jjlancni^ here at the ch.irtie fi ambiguity and insincerity, wh-ch seems to have vexed him deeply ( i. 16-18, ii. 17, IV. -'I. lie h.id sp.'krn till- iriitii ,i'-,)ul tin in — 1 itiis can crr!il'> t" tli.it hi- ^en'K I reminds tlii ni th.it all In^ .■. .r mit to ln^ l.,icli;m;i were j;'.^! true .1^ Ins c. •inmeinl.i' 1. .ii ul tlieiil 15, 16. And 1 iti;> i- .i> h.ipi I, .1 1 .1111 His heart i .itVu-, yi i, ,1 \i i^ , goes out to 1 ht. IJ- i' <\ .1' ,is ) you the more abun- dantly, as he recalls the obedience of you all do the me>~aKe sent h) I'.inl ) - how with fear and trembling you welcomed him. T hese words mi>;ht i)e taken literally, as the me-ssai;c was a stern one, iiuolvniK a solemn condenm.-ition of the evil-doer (1 1 Cor. v. .r?' . Iirt they may imply no more i th.m th.ii l;ii.-h and scrnpiil nii!ii !. r ("r, a- here. hi> repu-^iiit.i- jtue) sIv-uM he ■•ii-laim d llin-. as before l(\er. I.i I ilie ri^jHi t .Old uelci.nie offered h> the I'orimliMiis t.p li--:, ari- nn.MriiioiK I I TO-ra'n, and, for the ir.. i;I. l'.i-i~ v oi hippim ss is full. I am glad that in every respect I am of good confidence i through you — II.. I I .mi coiiti.lent in ;\..ii." h-it "1 am rit'idi lit. c. .iir.iKi-oiis, anil I tills feelinn of mine repo-,-- iii 1 I \.)ii- !>..ii are tlu- s..ini-e ..f iii> c .liti.li-iu-e " ! Coiir.iKc" w.is one of IViiil's walchu.irds ( v. ' <>, Si, and he pays his Corintln.ni converts a great oonipliiiieiii m reu irdinn them as the inspiration ot Ins eoiilideiice. Stanley gives the sense well — " 1 am l«>ld thruuKli your encouragement." Ihis whole chapter (tonctber with vi tl ii.tl is .m interi-stniLr te >!.!ti'.ii ol I'l'il's i hirLie li;:iiiaiiit\ . ainl .f !. - -^r- .1: c.i]-!Ci'\ I'.r. ,-ind 11... i of, frMii.Miip The jo> th.il shine- lip. .11 tile t,.. ■ f 1 I"- Is n tler'id np.'ii th.- t.iee i.t I'. I'd lie eonifor .-d hy the slight liiin i\i-r f. 1 . !;e 1- 111. nle b.ippy by the .ry ! . hri- 'j- ot t!:e tit:.- I iiris'ian fe.-hrt; .hspl.i\-.-.l h\ In- .li-'.iiil ( '. .rintliiail frieri'l- 11. ci"". ! hr.-ir to i--'r iiiiri nil lit ; i' is a dei |) 11. '.■■■--.■\ ..| In- nature that the\ ni.ike r"om f. -r liini <:<. hearts ( ver ji; they are in Ins lii.irt for life and death (ver. 3>. 174 II COIUXTIIIAXS, [C'u. VII And thouKli (rr(>r> Imii luithcr few iicr invKr ■ fr:itikl> rii llU'ir adiiii! .ililr (|iKili; ' I'Mii wlu-ii the tt'ii.-inn was ki iii ; anil he j-praks uf tluin to Ins friL-nd I'itiis with pndc, knowing that his conf«lcnce iti them will not be put to shame. He is vexed when they are vexed; but he is too true a friend to say Peace, when there is no peace. It i> his duty to write the letter wlncli will vrit vt- tlain. Init he writes it. in the faith lliat it will linni; tlu iii to a better mind; and he cm liaidls tiiid words to express the conscjlation and the happiness with which his soul was flooded at the news of their Christian receptuin of Tinis and their i>l)edHr.i.e to his incsr.aKe. riie words comjt'it ;ind joy chase each other tliroiiKhiiiit the paraKf^ipli. One c^n feel the passion of the friend and the orator be.'itiiiK behind the swift and breathless references to their longing, their tears, their zeal, their e.Trnestness. their sclf-vindica- tiiiii. their indi^natii in. their terror. They are the inipa»ii>ned words ot one who loved the men to whnm he preached, of j one wlxj felt that he w i^ iiuK hted to them I for no small measure of his happiness and courage. VII on of other I feel )rator thless tlu-ir kIici- I lu-v V h.'. d, of them s and 176 li ( OKINTIIIAys. [Ch. VllI COLLECTION l Ok THE POOR AT JERUSALEM (viii.-ix). CHAPTFR 8. I 2 Ilvi'i y uboaiidcd unto the riches t>f their of tlif uraif of (iod bestowed on the I lilK-rality. churdies of Macedonia : raiil now addresses himself to the ques- tion t)f till' collection for tlie j>oor at Jeru- salem, and his treatnuiit of this question is so full as to justify us in rcKardiuK these cliai'^crs as coustitutinji one of the Kreat divisions of the epistle. I'aiil had jfood ft a^on 1. ir ri i;.inlinv; this collection as a niallM oi im-Mii.ir ,niiiort.iin.-e. lie ree- oj-On/eil lliat the altnmle ol llii' l"ori!ithi.in ^ to it would lie no inif.ur ti-~i ol tlnir r( liyioii It would show how will tluy li.id It anu d the vr^n-e ol the I.i.mI Je-.;i- l liii^l, who, tlionuli lie was ruh. y-. I'aiil hail lien eiiininis sioiU'il hy tlie leaijers ol the Jernsa'eiii ilnireli, when llu v laaM hini the n!.:lit hand of fi 111 "W^li ip anil ai km i\\ le(li;i il hnn a^ iinssiotiary to the 'ientile>. to "reiiuinher the poor." and tin-, naturally he was "zealous to do"' Kial. ii. to). The im- portance of the suhjcct to Taiil ji'vtifies his relatively elahorate treatment of it. and the Christian wisdom and tact with which he handled men .md alTairs are nowhere more conspicuous than in this discussion. The liramfilc <>f lltr .1/itc .•i/chAjii Cliioiiiis (viii. 1-7'- I. The pas-a'je o)ii us -.Kiifit'lw Paul i< al . Mil III ..pp. .il to !!:<• Ish. r i >1 l!:r C'o! iii;l i.r,i-. 111 ni ve epiiii llu MI to shmv llleiiivih,^ :!v ill ili!^ \;!l'ie a- llliv Wire 111 illiii^ 1 \ 1 r. 71; Ii.- lia-- .aln-.iily Iire]i.iriil ilie w i\ hy e\|ire-^i"L;, .it tin end III till 1,1^1 eh.ipti r. iny .nul e^ ''il'iiK-m-e ill tlieni. A'l .' /l A ..■ . ; tlu\ iMimut af- ford to dls.ippoint till' Colll'ldelk'e whiell their own llohle cmiihii't lia^ r.iiveil in the hos.ini oT ihe apo^ile (vii. |;). (If course he h,is .a ■imeitts to aih.mce — the e\.am- ple of tl- iinpoverishid Connthi.ni>. most of all till eN.iinple of .legits. Imt hefore he --tarts the diseitssinn :\\ he lets thi-in fe. i lii.ii ..f .;. uiih men. wlio li,i\e .-il!. !.]\ i;i.i.Iileiii 1! li'~ luarj and raised ht^ 1: ]<■ - h-.-h Th-v iili!,er.il ohiections are alni..-! il's.irnn '1 !>> antici- patiun, especially as he addresses them afTectionately as locthrcn. Now ( S« starts a new siihject). brethren, we should like to inform you of the grace of God. He is about to speak of money, hut he never once mentions it: it would even seem as if he deliherately avoided the word. He lets the lipht of reiiKion iil.iy .ihont it. and in that li^ht it is trans|i>;iired. If nun Kive. it is of the .cij.i' ii/' i.iod. ulio li.is enilow;ive. So the liln r i!it\ III '111 M aci iloni.ins I'.ml eliar.icten-: ie.i!l> ill -i ll!., s II. it SI, iiuK-h ;is ,7i,-i) ^'ilt to the jeru-.iliiii )i.ior. hut .is (,',.,y.\- Lint tlicin: given in i.ir jj/i.'i.'l, ; iiraeti.- il'y aliiii' • eip'.il to ,',1 the churches of Macedonia, sinh as I'iiuippi. 1 il. --.ill luie.i. I'.erm.i. uliii'li Paul had \i-iti.l 1 \et, wi, wiii. In a^enliiiiL; llie Maei ilniiian iiln r.ility to the t;r.iee of (iod, laid nirikes it |il.iin that he has no desire to praise the .\I,Ke- doiiians at the exju nse of the Coriiithi.ins ; it is (iod who worketh in them (Phil. ii. 3. The divine srace hestoweil upmi the .M.ie.il'iin.ins w.is m.amfest in this that, sorely put to the test as th«!y were by affliction, s., f.ir were they fjoin repmiii); or siu-eiiinl'ini; th.u li.iy rejoiced ~ they •■■•uinfU^iitliy st 1 the t< -t nf .itlhclion : .:u>! the abundance of their joy and their deep I lit. r .icIuu.l: i/.tii; t.' :lir ,1,-rtln poverty abounded iiul i.\iin a.iI into .1 u .t hli h.IV . . tncK '/V. as '<•}•:• > •!. ft w.v. t ;:■ 1! f ■; the RICHES of thi.-ir liberality. liie pi ui ral )io\i rly In .111 uluch \l.ici .1. .Ui.i w.is sulPrnii; al that peri.id. pir!i\ ,is tlu- irsult I't the kiiinaii civil war-, the Chris ti.tiis wouli! he suliiecleil to spc, i.,i p, r-e cillliiil I I I lies, ii 14 f. cf. .\cts \\i JO I ; lull ill ( ) it their joy ahiunul. d; and. /-.'I'r as they were, they expres^n] it in a ;,i-i;/.7iy liherality. The lhin,i; w;is so re- markahle that the lan.uiiatje takes the form of [i.iradox; notice, too, the repetition of till -Ii.iiil; will li-uoii/ lluil u«\uri)t 1 -iiiipheily : tlu n. simple lil'i-i\ilit\ » w.is thv c .niliiiied result {fit) of their joy and their po\ erty ; like the widow's mite ( Luke xxi. i i ). Hi.- jMJvcrty too was deep («i«t4 Ch. VIII] II CORINTHIANS. 177 ,1 For to thi ir powi T. I licir ri faith, and ilttoraiu-e, ami kiMwI- ft\m; and in all diliReiue, anil in your luvc to ;is, si'i' that ye altotnm in this Ktaee also. ^dfoit), liiit her lilier.ililv u.is ahiindailt — slu' "cast in tiiiire than ',!hy .'ill." 3, 4. Ili'U e.iuer ,iiul elH■r^;eli^• the M.ieeili iiiiaii iihei.ilily was we see In 'in the fullowinK hrea!!;!! ^, i!i. i > i- ( m r-i s (- 51. For according to their power, I bear witness. ye>, and beyond their power, they of their own accord — not only without snhciiatiim from »is, hut actually soliciting ts with much entreaty for the privilege o. sharing; in the ministration to the saints i In l.^r l!ie 1.1, u\- |.ir la\"nr | .■iiul l\ lh'\vslii|i I or jian leipa; 1011 1 in iiiini-- teiilin etc I. l.> the M .leeilotiiatl ahurily the he^it.itiiiii 'it the rich y.'iniK man lornis .1 ii.itlulic eiiiniast (Mat. \;\. li^v,.tl' I whii'l t.'ll"\\~ III \ 1 ;■. l!: luiii^rij f. ir it earnestly. I'anl jiethap- In ins; at I'lr-t ini- uilliiiC to take much from men so po r. I lii y i;a\e of tlu ir as a,-! >!!•.• .11 •' r v li' - 1 • r ; ■ . Ihe v\i.r.KS-.:-."'o ■■••,.!! ■■ ui-:I.l tMvue I fl e I- 1 ft ■■• \ \' a- ••• -t 1 :: d 111 the urea! MSS. : they ar • :•.! i 1\ a pi..—, an.! are riioiii\ ..initl..! in \ K 5, 6. And th.eir i;i\i::i,' u:i- not as we had expected ir. .m i -. r :■• I i .1 I" .inli^ .'..t I--,;. V. - . . i . s... but thev gave THEMSKl.VKS ta the Lord first and to us 1 1 - niii! -•. r- i ! ' \ ■ ini;"ilse to fin- lAiiher.arit ,i':,l -r! t .h'! ; -i I ' raliu eame. ,1- it oiilv eonlil come, through the will of God. 1 lis w.is the will that touched their wills and inspired thetn 'o i:ni' -o l.ui-My nut o| their poverty, ihe ule.i 1^ ii.it ill, t th, y u.ue, tir-1 them- selves, and then tin ir money. Imt tli.it they h.id l>onred tlu nis. K.s nii.. th. ir ^;iit. I liey h.i.l ina.le tlie v;rt .il r. nim. i.i! ion of .sell: Coiiseijneiuly, wiili iluir le-.-ireis they servcil not themseK..., Imt the | nl Si in- ley and Ih-rn.ird, lioue\er. t.iki- the reier- encc to he "the il(\.iii.in oi p. :-. mil >er\ ict! in the work of spri.i.lmi; the L;ii-pil, such ,1s was (jiven hy .Sop.iter i>f lier.ie.i, .Xris- l.irclius and .Seeini;inninB before w it!i ihe •!:, • • • :] • ' ■ - I ,■ ■;, r -i.iv : ( i rinih. so he should also go on to I complete among you ,fu i. n, ht ■ n ! I'l t; ..f \.m " : hi, ,i, IK 'v « - t., ,1] i .1 / jer.,iu\ also I I .f >. I he ur.i,-,' .,1 111 . r.il i- i, i Ii, re c.iiitr.i-l.(l. .1- in \ir 7. wrh ..'' .r er.i,.-, :C.^'. /e.il ;iiid r ;■. niaiii-i- 1 ■. ; 11. i;l i; ' uie r,f. not :,, j;.-,.v ei.i.., as ,,;..i,i-e<| !.i oth, Ts, lint p, th,- wl.,:le c!i -, !.,'.i,!,s !'-e oilu r work wl.a'h Tiliis 1,.„1 \., ,1,,, h,. w.is I ti, a't, ml 1,1 7. But , Ti,.iyjh of thi,' p.inl hreaks otT ihe appi :l I'l •; ,■ M.ici .I.ini.iii e\ fiiiple. and '\ ■ w ■ 1! u, n- ni '.ri ih. ir hi-in,.r. -Ml !i \vl> ■■■ <••!•. r ur. . ■ - w .-r.- .■nn-pi,-- wil! ,'1! . : V SI. ■ ■' ii !' . ,,(■ ''•'■■.'r: As ye ah. und in P^VKRY- THING — faith, utlciaiuc, knowledge. earnestness of every kind, your hive to 1 me I 'u. I : ■ iny •' ' 111 •, . i-i. ■ . •- ..i ii'e. a, lis ..' ,.,ii (seei that yc abound 'in this grace also. In r . t • , ! i •her.- J- .-,11 . 'I p-,- . if - -n... i, \ ,.rl, ns "[ 'iT' i' \.i'i": pr..l,ii,ly the in- ''■'.■!>■.' I f T ,,.:/, 1 \< ,r,U i.v|-..r, , in , . . (', 'li, ■ I. It 111-'- i.| ,.f T,J r,ii;.|F v<"i' '/i'",-";. \\,-!e..tt :,n,i ll,,rt r.-.i.| r. • ^ ^uwi- iv iuif 07 ( i!,v l'.-.,- t,, yoiii ; Imt to regard ['.nil's love for the ('.,riiiiln;ms jas a Rrace of tluirs, is distuictly artitkiaL >■ 'h in 1 this grace ,.f hh- Xa,)i9, ,1 ,,, ,-, , ,,| \ , r-. 1 .ni,| li; 1 i 178 U CUUINTIIIANS. [Ch. Vlll 8 I ^(u ak not liy rxniniantlnunt. Init liy | JeMis Cliri>t. iliat, iIiouk!) Ih- w.is rich, yet f otluTN, and , for your (■ W'lfiU nf I' liil arc an idh- ronipliiiuiil. In (I'liul i.f f.ul. the CurintlM.Mis (hil pn-M s^ thi «e ^jraco: the tirst ipisile oiuiis uiili a grateful acknuwl edvriiu lit til (;.iil tliat this i» mi ( i C'nr. i. 4. 5: if Ml » And r.-iiil, witli liis keiti kinnvl.'dLT I i' l-riMii iMnur. coinniellils them f.T ih'- in ..1,!, 1 t,, -iitmtlate them to --I'lii- ihini; liardi r -nil. I'.ii! une eati hanli) t.nl tn diint, luih.ith tin- pr,ii~i-. a miv.U- ii.itr I.f irmiN. I .-iliMiiii,!, d i;i I': I'l \ in -pintn.d nf ii.i iiu mii ordi r ; Imi nli.it i.t tlii n .1! • 1! inK' tn iiia- trn.il tl-.iim'-- v.rre tiny ri.id\ |.i iimIm .1 I lll■i^t!.lll ii>e nf (/;. i/rv.' 1 lu v liad ni.iiiv Ar.n r^ : liad tlii \ i;r.u'r i nnii'-di tn p irl wiiii thiir iimiu y Mi i';. iiiti ii -i nf ih, ir nrrdv i hrcll'Vi n 111 a di-taMt Liiiil"- I'. ml'- .-ii'i ! einiiuiilly praiiiial un-pil, v\!itrli dnr- I'nl lose itxdf in ^]iei-idatii in. Imt wlnrh ln.uih' faces tile tests and ileniaiids of ordni.civ life. Aiiothrr rit-a for l.ihrralil\ (\iii. S 151 8. I III' Macedonian evaiiip'i' \\ n< vvmi- ilerfni. I >eep as was t'],\r j. iti. ili.v yet liej,'treil for the pri\;l'n nf i , i;;-, .md their i;i !ti rnsit\- snrpa^-rd .all r., n-.,ddi- hnp, s. I;.-.t till rr was ,tM !• , \,,Mild,> hi'-;lirr •dl. l'>ai of " ,r,r \ ,,,.,| CbriM." and iniad. f.illv I'.uil dl-niim's I'a. wlmlr i|n,','i, n nf ( hn-t .ni ■j'\tr.-j. ]i\ ' • tiiii,' llu- lir!;l nf that rad .i:;t I' .mip'r f.dl iipnn it I la^ is 1!., pi, .1 h, , r. • • - ; i.,r 1 fiais cxi-n llir appear. in, a' i f ! ■ di.'a tniial in ;i iii.iitii ■ t t!a- k'M, It is not by way of command that I speak; ii In has nii-ntiniH il the ex.anipU' nf llie M.u . - donians. it is simplv he.aan-e tlii- uill rii.iMi' Inm tn !(>i the -ima ritv nf t' . ir ] \<- tn tl'i-:r dtst.mt hr. ihren in ( hri-.t But by linldin'.^ fntth hrfnre ynti the earnestness of OTHERS. I am 1 si'-pply \>-)u-\ testing the sincerity nf YOUR love also. The v\am pie nf the M i.a d' l.i an rarmstn. ^s i^ ili,' «t,v::!f 'y a /:;. /; : v T^^Mw ' t! r sitieerity li,.\e t'l" pi nil iii.d ili-pi ; .1; 'nil nf 1 1 -ajii I ni. 1 \anipK' Ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus I Christ I tl le yrai e m inUi s!i il la 1 1 ini. and wliuli slmunl it-i'f in tin, that for YOUR sakes He became poor, though He was rich, in order that YOU, through HIS poverty, might become rich. It is very siKinfieant of the grandeur of the tliniiiihts hy whieh I'.iid was hahitunlly hainited, that he iiitrndiiees tiiis fireat nt- teranee (piite incident.ally as a reason for Ins tint iir^;iiii.' the Cnrintl.iaiis to liherality in a Inne nf enir'M.ind. d lie L're.it e\,iniple nf Jrslls ii;'; 'il In ! .■ a sllltieiillt slMllnlllS tn tliiisc \\ hn 11. 1 . \ (■ ill I i nil. 111 the uiirds n\h r.i'd i< eli trly tlmiknii; nf tlie pn I \i~trn' ( Ini-t. and ilie rulies ari- tile e:nr\ \\!iieli He li.d wi'li tla- I'.itlli r "li. fnre the u tIiI w.ts" | Inlm rile el,!-sn- il.il.n, .It mn nf tla- tlimiuli! lu re sinipl\ jiresi -"i d 1- the i;ri at ))a.-s.i'je in I'lal- li. (' S. 1 la- \\nrd •TTnix «!'<". uliili K'aiiiiii.itii'ally il iinel't refrr tn the pn\irly of Cdirist's ear'ldy life, iiiiu Ii iimr.- natn rally refers tn lli^ rirriiiui- upon tliat hie, tn His '■ takiiijf the form of a servant." 1 he incarnat il III is the supreme m.anifesta- tinn of ">>raic." and the inconiparahle in- eeiitive tn liherality. Ilnw far removed dni'trine is frmn lunii' an ahstraction In I'l'd is shown hy the altnyether nat- mad .and e\i ii iiu-idental in which it i- nitrmliuid as the crcai iimtive to Ith- ( r dny ; .and aliim-t na.r.' li\ da very per- ai,d turn ;!a- .'■ in. iit ..f 1' 1 dnetrine l-dn - ■ "I lii-t. Ik iPu riili, il. nie ;irinr. ii, ' narrlv fnr the u!;nl.- \\n;M. hat f.T .\ II Cnriii'ln ills." The iiiu ai" nf tla dm- 'rnr i> iKlinile and |iartuai!,ar. it is a ( .rnnlii,an atVair: ( liri-t. lani.i; rudi. he r.iine pimr. "tli.it \ tlirniiLjii p.i\- >M;,. iniL.!;! lie. a. me rudi " uitli the h.-.av- enlv riidii-s, ,■ riaa aieiliatinn tn ( Iml wliieli enm.s tin, muh Cliri-t (v. 1,'-!) hh.Tty I ri. iSi. life (le. IM. ]','U tiutii) .md //a? {ihfiioi\ are \ ery emphatie. Thri-! and the itUMrn.iM. .11 fiirmdi tli.- 111, ,-t .'\.r Hlii hninn e\hiliilion of " (^r.aee." tn a ( hristian the greatest enneeiv.ihle inspira- IV-!; !•-• 'iln-a'itv: hnt this ia,! elanse suR- :-:e-ts, tlinii'jli it dues nut direeily stale, that Christ i- nmre thati an example: the \\i dih Ihiit He hrinijs ns, is only niirs in lliin. He is the sonrco of the liberal life as well as its pattern. Cm. VIllJ It COlilNTIIlANS. 179 10 Aiiil Ihti'iu I ii>\c Il l i t iIm-. !■. i'\|K'ilu'iit fiir >(iu, wlio li.ivi' IkK!:i' In lure, iii 't I'liiy ti> clo, but also to be lor- 11 Now ihrrcforc inrfiirm the il"tnji of it. that tlurt- \\is a rt:nliti<-»- I.i will, •■,> llu rc "i./v ' i' a lu rl.iriii.iiiii- aKn niil nf tli.it U 111. It >(.• ll.uc. I l-'i>r if llitTf he f'lr^t a willing miiiil. / J acciptoil aiH-tinliiiK i" it .i i i ni li.iili, and mil a>"ci>riliiij{ t<> that In- lialli not. I ! I", r I II . ..r 1. ' that other men be 1 .1-1 '1. atnl > I- I unU in > .III iipi.iiily. that now ;it this ti;iic Jour alniinl.iiHc ii.'.iv ' 'i sut'('l\ lor ihi-ir want, that tlieir .ibiiiKLiiuf al-o v. :\\ In- .1 stifpix t'lir yonr want; Inn tlii-n- may he «'iiitaht> : 15 It i- writti'ii. III tliat bad j,Mf/i- .•ii-ii niiu-h hail iioihitiK ovi-r; atul lie that /iji/ aatliirt'd little hail no tack. 10, II. However, it is oti'> an opinion. not a i' i-iiiia"il (\ir N) that I give in this 'IS stiitiiKi' pi'iiil^ Uai-k to ver. . x5tK-lu' «|Uite pareiitlletK'al For tL '■ f^r your good, seeing tha: not only .li the matter of doing but also of wili ng you made a beginning last year before 'i^' M.u ..!'■■ t.ii;- m'i' i ('..r w I. II. ■■ I '■■ ;.v 1- . \|im1 , nl I.T \' ill wlial' I'l-rhapN th.it I'.ril ■'lirrs tluiii ati ■ ipiiiion, r.illur tli.iii a coiiini.inii |.>r plr who liail ~!i"Wii lh. in>. '\. , r.i^i v 111 u'lliiiK anil 'iiiii,iiiil uoiilil 111- iiii^<< nil> ; lint 111 ti' iitoIm! ly thi.\ n l\ r- to tin- ui.u'c of hln i,ili:> 111 wlmh tlii-v ari- to .-il loiiml 1 \ 1 r 71 1 .i-t ll mi .•..n't lime :.s tls.-y ha-l !..«-:ii. W-xh li.iiivjN oviT till iiiiiTpi ii.i; !i 111 of the plir.i-i ■'not only to i|n, hilt al>o to will." .\> tlu' will imi>t priiHilc the ikvil, l!ie re\ir>i' order wouhl seem the more natural, aiiil is intleeil read hy the .Syria*- version 1 not only to will, hut to do). With the present order. 9f\*ir has been interiireted as "to he williiiK to do," and the seiiteiice would run ' not only to do, hut to do it w illiimly ' 1 he word, howt \i r, e.innot hear th.it iii' m iiii' lleiiiriei t \plam^ it as a ohni.ix p ' i:.! M," hackwariN ; " ymi were In li.ri- tlie .M.ieedoni;m^ tint onli in e.irryiiii; out ll.e 'Ill el ion. li'i; in i!i .-inii.L.' it" iiiiiii llie dil't'i r. lu-i ■ , ■ ;! -I.e pre-i'it Vm-, .iiid till- :iM!i-t iroiTjiT'K I I li.ii tile ^n!.-.' of tile e. .I!ei-tii 111 w.i- alie.nlv in till ir iniii'l- is ^hiiuii li\ ilieir i|U-:;iin wlr.eh I'.r!' aii->\MTs in I Ciii \s' lit I'.iin^-et -v. .U'-t> luiilii.iit. h'lUe .■. .•iiiy levnid u .i r:i!i'l, ill, I* ihe I iriyi'i.il nii .mri^ u 1- "iii.t in.', eil uiih till- .!..iiiv;. Imt at .in.v r.ite with the uilhni.'" It i~ ditVu-iilt to Me 1,. iw -.1 -itnple and n.itnr.il a re.idiiit: .."ihl e\er have heeii transformed into i.nr ;;r. -enr vT : biu ther. he n.- iioiir.T that, he^id. s m.ikinu; ^'ood sense in itself, it joins adinirahly to the following m :i tenee But now, seeing that yon were fir^t iti ri'illiiig. go on to complete the doing also — crown (irl) the will with the deeil that, as the readiness to will (was there I. there may also be the complc- tion according to lyouri means (not, as .\, V. "out i'f that whieh ye h.ue"i Kn- tliiiM.isin IS Worth little, especially to -i.irMiiR men, iinle-s it iir, ■iwi/'/i.i/ii'i some- lIllllK. 13. r.iit r.iiil is e\er re.isiinahle ami pi.u 'ie.il. 1 l;e Hilt is t.i he III /•! 'I /.' ■« /. »Mi-.;)i.\' of tile tUiT If mill Hive " '•,'\.oi,/ tl.iir p. 'W ir " (\,r !i • !;.■ 1'. .irt of tile .i|i. . -t:.' I M I . .lii'L ' '!! !;.■ .l.ie> 11. .t i\p. it tliii I ..I'. . . T\Ti.t.i.4ii', \tr. 5 I ; I . ■:■ : I th. > ^1 . . " . -i /.. lli. ;r p. m 1 r i\ er. .t 1 Men are not expi'etid t.i Ki'.'' wli.ii tlu > ij.i 11. it have, I he siiiritn.il v. due nf t!i<' uiil de|i. ::.l- not . n lis .1111. lint, l.'ii 1. 11 Its nnii ! i|iMh:\ tlu- Hital iinesti.m is uli.ilu-r ii he tie ittit of those who have 'first ni'-en tii. in-elvi's " I ver. 5). It may he much or little, hut It oiihIu til he Hi^ell with re. llliess, a:ul it onnht to he 111 pr.iportion to the means: for if the readiness is there, it is accepta- ble according to what a tnan may, in ai'.y i;i\cn eirciini-t.uu-. . have 1 "O' fxV, s'll i I not according to -A/hat, .i- .1 ni.itter of fact |fx«'. iihIk. 1 he does not have. 13-15. Ihe idea of tlu- colh.tioii, I'-inl II. iw points (.'it. Is iii.t t.i e,ise tlie ..lie p.irty .it the i-\peiise nf the i.'!-..T. h it to r>-!.ire tii.tt re'.itue e!|n.i!ity ( uira't "iti-^Tiu i,i.ir»)« | w'lc'i is t!ie i.I. .ll e. mill! 1. II! of tiiinys. and Uilicll is s.,iu;u, i| |,\ l' -li.r , : II lima For it ( !ii_\- \. :<■ ] f .■H.'t: - 1 is not that othcr.s may have relief and. you trouble. But. on the principle of eiiuahty. YOUK abundance at the iircsrnt juncture is f .r tile -ipply ."f Tl'lKIk deticiency, that THEIR abundance may )» r: ,1. other .■.■c.i-i..ii be for tlu- sup;.:, ,,i YOUK 1 deficiency, in order that there may re- sult equality. I iic nii .ur.nK ..! xlic sen tenre is plain, hut its piinctii.iti.iii and di- vision are not so cer'.iin The tirs| clause may he t.'iken, .'is ,1!.. .■. .. in.!. peii.l. iitK , .-is sumini.; an illipse, ai,.! ,1 ...l.iii put at I ■ equality," as in .\. K. V. : hut it i> also 180 II COUlNTlllANS. [Ch. VIII possible to regard the two verses as one continuous sonti-ncc, thus : " For not in or. yiMir .ilMin'l.itii r ill the present Miiii'tnn- Is 1.1 >n|iiil\ iliiir defect, etc." I I'l- 1,1^1 I'l.m^i- )ii I ili.ilily il'Tv licit iiu:in " iIkiI llirir .\ft>i!ii,il wr.iltli may Mijiply \iiiir ill til 1. nry." Imt Mni]ily tli.it, if cvi-r tllf t.iliirs -li.iiilil 1m- turn. i|. lin y rii li. ami ymi I r. lln n tin ir r:!i;ii\ Id ri'- liiM- \.i;ir ili--i!i-,>. \..iir» iii.n Ir- lirvi' iluir'i. I lir innniinini unpl m iln' vi tm s !■• r./i(,i.(/i till- !ilM r.ili!\ wlin-li P. ml iiriiis i> t.i iirmliuT lli.it ii|ii.n:ty an.l ImI aiii'i' i f roi iiiri'i'- v\Iin-li i- only lu ' .iini fair, t-pviially aiiii ni,' Iiritliriii ; ami lliis Jioinl he illustrates — it is hardly inu-ndi'd as a proof — liy a n fiTince to the niaiiiia story ill I-'xmlus xvi. iS ai'CordiiiK to wliu li this rijiiality was prox idriitially seciirrd. In the words of scripture, " He that I gathered I much had nothing over, and he that (gathered' httle had no lack." With i, «f lia\f 111 ^iippl.N ciWiiat (Ratli- ereil I friiin tin- lis .if siirii 1 1\ i-i -.'. 'ii Imni.i; riiL;i iii \ !!;.il it Ims 'u- pr.ictu.il iiiri.t iif a (■"tniu.iml lor tin- tin siipliistii-ali-il coiiscii iici- Iff wislu-s In iiispiri- liis Coriittliian ■■ iirt-thri 11 ■■ with a Cliristiaii \ii-vv of ii'iiiuy, ami in this i-iiniii-ctinn lii> frii|neiit n-^i' nf till- uiiril ^'iii.r ixanis) is cs- Immlv siL;nili-,-,iiit. I hi- hi"-- .ilily \v!iii-h till- \l:n-i ill .1 laiis sh'i-.viil .( ■ iml \\':,.-|| 111- llllll.lts ami l-Spiils '];, (".i?!!! tl-ians t-i ~':..\v i\ir 71 is ih s,-vil:i 1! l.\ 1! . \ t-ry s,i-;i, V. •• -i as ilt-s.-i iln-s tin- rit ulm-li ]ir iiijiti .1 ( liri t in . \. h.ii'vu- lli- s|a!i- 111 lu-a-\i!-i!\ l-'i •' 1 liiiiniliu an.l p. \rr!\ i-f .'in i.ir'llv i r i m'- it< It .IPy 11' ill - 1.1 il l- liir ls, II Is ..111. lui-au-.' (iiiil li.is til-' L^uiii t" liUii i!a- |i siMifi-- - ami will to ii-i- th.iii Sn hliri.ilitv i!si If 1- .1 ..'lit ..f (i--.|. ,-1 vr.uT, .1 tliaiiil. s' .li '11 .1 till- "ur.n'i- nf llnil" i\iT I ». .\iiil 11. .1 liy .-my iiu.ins tin- |,-.i-t iin pnrtaiil . 111. my wlin shitu' in mlu-r walks nf \irtiu-. ari' ii;nnii!ininns f.ulnrrs lu-ri- It is piissilili' tn 1. a iii.in of t !■ iipti'iH-i- ami i-\in faith, ami \it to lu- iiivan ( vcr. "I l!"l tin )irai''iri! I'aiil is not coiiti-nt with llu ui.iiis nf l.iiili and uiti-ranco and knowledge and earnestness ; his converts must abound in this other grace nf liber- ality also. The t;racc of our 1-ord Jesus Christ was tupreinelv manifested when He divested Himself of His heavenly *'pi90wita (superfluity; ver. 141, .ihandoning it to en- rich a iieeily world — or. as Paul more trenchantly .iml pirsniiall\ puts n, "to en rich y,iM aul ilu inllnwi rs of the Lord ari- itinst hUi- llini wlu-n tluy ton n'tw of tlirir .•ilinml.iiifi- to siippK ilir niiils of nlluTs. Ami 11 Is 11 t i-iiniiKli that they I inu ial >,r will ti. ilii 11. tlii.> must ' it ( M-r. jlM: tlnir /r.il must l»e coiK'eiitrateil ill .minn. It iiiii-t vi-t itself translated into of- 11 "1/ -V/l. 1/ f.ii-t. I.ilii-r.ility. linwi-M-r. must In- ratmnal It inilsl In- »-IHlnisias!ii.- — "if tlu- /r.il In- ilu-rr, II IS aect-ptalile "' hut yrl it inii .t snlu-rly take all the f.iels into aecoiint. It iniist not Kjve wliat it iloes not have: it must tint wilfully throw nway its resources. The ^;|ft is to he niven with readiness, bm also with a si-iisf of prnporiion It has tn fuMr I sn!iie rc l.ili.m t.i .1 iii.in ^ iiu-aiis Much or llitile. It w ill Ih- ai'i i pi.il.li-. if r In- " aceord- \f'ti to what lu- h.is," It is iii't tin- amniint j tli.il nia'.ti-rs. hut its spiritii.il ipi.ilit>. tin- ' aiiMiiiit nf ■• n .i.Iiiii-sv " it n-pii -riirs If 'Ills Is as It sii,,.-!,! Ik-, thill .1 iii-i anil iMii ):i-m-ri.!is prnpiirti-'ii will L. LMi.iian- iiril. .\i:;-.;.iiillim-ss will hi iiii).ns-ilil,. to V rr-lri-im il. |.. Ihi.s,- wliii •' knnw the -i.u'i- nl (. hri-l" I Mr 1)1 I hi- 1- niily • iMitlur way n| saviiiL; that tlu- t;ilt will 111- .'it li-.i-t prnpnrli.iiiaU . .iinJ 111. -n p;--i. .I'ily tii-iii-rniis. It llu- ^;iMr has tii-! nf all V.ueii limisi-lf. Men wlm have " fir-t iii.en tlu-niselves to tlu- Lnrd " will not he- mean in their j;ifts tn His nridy hri-thnii As hn thn-ii, tlk-y shmtld sliari- ahki- ; appmx- iiiiatt- .-1/1 i/j/y shniild pii-vail (ver. 14 I ; and ;f niu' h.is ahiiiiilatici- aii'' aiintlu r laek. the I hris!i,-,n iiistiiu-t is tn ri«lit tlu- h.-ilaiu-i- at i-n. i f. r ye know the ^niee of oitr Lord .1' -•!- ( hri'st I .r: ,1! i- thr fnm- nf e\;inipli . :.:iil tlii- 1 \.iir.;iK .-1 till pniiraii'l ri--..-:!-.l \l.ii.-.- .'.•mails was a -.i-irv'.- i-i |.i."!i:ir tn I'aiil Till -r lil.rr.ihi\ s.i!-|.m-.-,1 liiiii . lu- I \pi-i-t.-ii ih. 11! 11.. i|..!il.!. as ('hri--i.m im-ii, 1-1 1,' • V I- ai >■• -i iimi.; !. . llu 11 111. a 1;- i w r 11 1 . I-Mt ti.t V I'.lil !!l'-!r, till A i;.l\i- .\v!l l.i-\..lli| -.111 ir |ii -w iT. w!lhiiL-l> . i-iilhi!si:i-Tu-a!l\ , w nli ■ s, ih.-ii a- i.Hi. .-k.ii \ ch. itu lit !\ impnr- tniiini; l',-ii:!. whn nia\ will h.ivi- hi-sita'i-il In .u-i-ept Jiifts sn laMsIi from tneii s.i (oor. I lu-si- were the ii\(t> of nun who had uixrii themselves, anil Paul hnhls 1111 tlirir example as a spur to the (.'nrintliians, tliniiiih he will nse no woril of command. ; Why sliniilil he to men who are already jaeipininted with the grace of Christ? ( H. VIII] II COHINTIIIANS. 181 Id I'ut tli.mk* hi- to ivlii.li imi the |,.r \" I 17 l-.T llnlll'll III' .li! till < .1- tlnll till! I" I'M- I'lir lure after all is tlu' Miiirrtiir Fx.itli p],'. No liuinaii lilirralils. li>>uiMr illii Ifiiiato ami >;(inriiu-. rcitM \h' * ■ 'iiiiiii 1 t. tile urai'i- 1 >t II 1111 w !ii> " t"r v niir -ak. ^ " il.IiliiratiK tlisfriiiU li Iri'iii \]f liiawnlv lu til till' \ ,cllr> m| hunnilai l.iii ifi Mi|\<-i| ill an iai>ii 1" lii:nu thr iiu'ariiatii •!! into iMiiiurli.'n wuli iiiiin- ilaiu' a iii:,tti r a- a i-mIK-cIkih nl iii.iiu \ t.tr soiin- imiir •.Irani!" r 1- vrry il irinK. lull al- touctluT in tin- inantiiT of I'anl. lit" rciii- f..rct> iho lniml)I<--t iltitio by tlif iin'-'t pnwrrftil inspirations: wc -"ce llit- way lii^t uht-n the liuht is hriKhti-.t. A luart coii- ircllrd liy the thniinlit of the iiuariiatioii and all that it tnvohiil. i-miUl not In- ntluT than ei iliToiis to llif int «l\ . i^iM . lalK to tin- niiily " saints " ( vrr. .j 1 I'. it tlir l lirist wliosf yrai-f is so r. ~|>l. m'' iii av.l juTstiasiM' 111 llu- iiii'arnaii' 'ii, wins Ih- trili- plait- ami \m< Ms I lis tr u- po\M r ainoiiu those wh" 1- \ >■ linn, not -o nn:i-'i lnoaiisi- IK- is t'-.-ir i\.iin|>li. I-::' rith.r iK-i-an-c llr is ilh ir l .-ril I In \ l"ni; t'-'i a h.iri- 111 nniiisiirniL- t-- o'lut- anoriliiii; |.. tli. ir iiu ans, |ii ,-aii-r thi v lia> drst >:ivi-ti the Ills. K I s to //;,- l.^'i ./ I \ IT ~>. ( )ii this |i.i li.is son-.t- s--i;- m^tui- ninar'ixs " lliis ii \t." In- s.i\s. .i) lmhn-.i to viii <», "from liriiii;ini; forw.,rroiiiiiunlly thf fact of our Lord's i>o\l;u't d. in an alil" .il. i- -r a trniporary jutrpo^c. to thf irt-niT. •-M\ of the Corinthian chiirfh. has uiv.-n l.irth !o an inini-:i-r in-Mt-'Moii. at oiir tniii- s],rt ai! omt tlu \\'-' Ic "I I n- ro|u- I' sliovi s inin.'!i i f '111- > \".i\.i- L'aiiii -.f tliat in-tilntioti tiUL;lit h:<\i t" 1 ti r!ir.-kt.l liv ar!Mi-_' I.-- "ti th.- h'f'T. .-H-i! inor.- oil 'hi- -I'lrit. oi the i-.i-- r^r in win. ii thi- o,-i' :rs : a iia--a'j of which t: r .urm ral ii mlt ii<-\ is ihi- m tv ojipo-ii.- to that tthuli loiilil ndncf t!u- firliims of tit-mrosity to a ilt-finitf and uniform s>s- ttin." Arrannrmrnts for the Sut^'fi-ision of thi- Ciilli-ctif'n (viii 1(1-24). The manaRemcnt of a collection, as of every other work involvinR organization. j iK tii.imls not (in!v -pintn.il < ii'lnisiasin, h'll hiisiiu-- I'.ip.nitt I'l.ii' ,1 ilrt.uis hn'- |o I I .rti nilid |.-. -nil.ih:. .■Hurts ji.uf to 111- ap|i"in!i d. ( \rr> -ni;k;i -li n 'I sii-- p ■ •■"Ms ttirlho.j. .iiid -notn., h.is to he si .!■■.;. iisly .i\o:,l,il, so |h,it vthilr till' work .ii!.,n,is :! , k;lory of lii, lord liir li>> ai!.! in i-t 111- .il'H to In .ir till- s. iiiiiiiv of II iM- I M r Jl I, It iiiiist !>■- 110 li ss holiest an i lioiior.dilf in the siuht of nu n. In ar- r,ini;iinr for ihi- colltvtioii dtstim-il for thf poor t'lirisii.iiis, rani sliows lii» cit-«totMary sauacity. I lu rr arc aUv-iy-" nti-an nicii rcidy to assiiiiu- llu- worst of any one who has niiiiii ) lo .uliiiiii: r ; -o, to avoid i-titi the appi .ii.ii i 1 .1 sii-pi, I'. nil as- (-latt-s with his , oili .ii;-,i, I 1:, ..ihir ! t hr'siian hri-thrni. oiir vthi ^ t.mu- h.id i.i'r. i.|\ inn throii-..:h al! ■ ■ rhiiil:--. .iml .- 't'.ir who-c r.iriii-tni-- ' h.i-l rr- I'l li'div pioM'd. and 'hr t rnHlii.iiis .-in- i!i ri;f,l |o s); .\v tluir ' l'ii.ilil\ in ihr l.ui- of th.- . ' .,. r. . d hv thi so tlu ir 1; ■ i6, 17. Now thanks be to God 1 t!ir Word ,\u^ij h.is Imn in Paul's nniid all ihronyh tlu- , ii.iplti . h. n- ;f 1- n-i-! in a 1:1 u s.ii-i ( who ro:i'i;,M;;\ i.ini'.i'ri r'is. pic I puts into the heart of Titus the same earitestness on your behalf a^ I inysi-lf li.iM-. / ,ji ih->/;ir,(,i iiroioiji i^ otic of tlu- ' liristi.iii ur.ui s. llu- l orin- tlii.ins It i\i-r 71, .itid 1 i'lis h is it. i' I :' SI . ■ M, I •'! ' . .1' .1 ir '.l of ( ,0,1, M i) n '1 1,1 !; ■ 111-- ■ 1 1 - i-i i-i !1, .! : I .1. k ii. ! - unli v r.it il 'id<- I 111- t!:- -iii;',!! i- ili.ir- arti risticiliy I hn-ti.in ih.it hti'-'- . iriii-s!- iii in flirt', lint; tin- . • li. ii-n t.-r the JiT" -liiii ]. --r V..1- rr.iUy iiiii-tiu-s 111 1.1 I. ilf of till- ( ,', :nii: .irs iiTrji, -'iiiii'i.d will..ri u-.'ild 111- .1 iv.iiuiii li\ ■ li- ir lil.i r • !:■'.■ .1 1- • .'. ;.! o, .!s ' "<>• . ■ 1 : ,r; ' 1 ---is , fi- because he accepted the exhorta- tion t.i uiik'n r.i::l .1 " 111. s -.11 (1 I JTtfiltl/, \T7iTtl- « .ipafta \r .r,i( I *ii.li'". .:! .'Ih't- -li...\ iij - l:: !!iu;-y. .,'1..: ! ■ . , ; , ^ l-s .ritlii nil. .i!..'n fr..!ii I'.i -' and . in his great earnestness 1 lit l>v nature iii."i- -.(/-ii.-.i/ than t'- " nl .111 rxhortation t, hi ii actually going forth to you of his own accord (for at-f»ai>»Tot. ci \cr 41. I he past tcusi-s in tin- p.is-a^t- an- epis- tolary ; by the tinu- the < orinthian- read the letter, tlu- fact will be that TitHs went j forth, and I'aul sent with hint the brother, I '-tc II cnUlNTUlANS. |< 11. Vlll m |8 Ami wr h;iM- «ni wiih him th.' .'o Avonlmn ilijs, th'it ,|,.m -Imnlil l>r>i!!ni. v\Ii>i«c |ir;ii-r (.% in thi- K"«ii. 1 lihiiiu ii> iii ilw .ilniti.|,iim' Hiiuli i« nl llifiitiuli'Mit llic iliiirilli * ; iiiiti! Mt rt ■! !■>• ii- : l'( AikI tint tlhil only, liiu »ln> w.i- aUi jt I'ri i\ iiliiiu fur Iimiu->i iIiiiik*. nut only till. ,111 of tlif i'lnirilu* to tr.ivtl wiili iis in tlif -iKlii of tlu' Lord. Inn al-.o m ilio with till' K'r:ifi', w liii li i- mlinini'li n \ "-iulit of in« n. lis tn tlif »{''"■>' of tlu- >;inu' Lord, .mil jj And wp linvf >.«'nt with ilirm our tli'i liir,ui 'II of \oiir n niiin! Iir^tlii r, wl'om «r have oft('ntinit « iirovnl -.1 lli.il In- i> •111.- U. i8, iq. Alul we arc sending alonj; with him \\ii> ill il<'> -aU'iw imn >" K" .i'' 111 « 1 I 111 \lir.i-i' wliuli «liows ilic iiiiil> of »|iiri; tli;it. I M-n ,it till* r.irly d.il< . ,ilt. :ii|> I" tiij tlir l.'liri>t!.iii iliiirilns l'iu,|!nr. M.iii> Ullrvv, s IniM- 1m I II llil/.irili i| to tli<- iilniiily of tills l.roilu-r. \i I'hristi.iii l.iiilii.ii 111 \.i J.!. ' jiii ii ill 1 " i> likl-lv |o lllr.ili il'i .]■' \u ■ jit. ". I ilii- I 'ill. 1 . i v'u I liir I i' 1. i;i-i- ! ■ " l!ii- 1." In- 1.1 - 1h I 11 1,1. HI ill. .1 u nil l.rl,. . lu.t ii.Jll.l ImI.I'v ll.lM l.flll II,'. I vo rurlv •■! ill. ,. I II L'.'-i'. I. li. !.!■ , l.iiK.', H. .-1.1 1 u I , 111 I \ . I u ; II W ii. . ill.- I'l . .ill. r w.i, \\.- .!" 11. ■! kii..\\. l!i..vvli li. u,i. :il lia.li i..iii'''i- 'ill ill.- 111. [Ml 1 .'I 'lu ■ . |.i. ii.ili'v 111 |.' .iilimk; III llii . .iii;Ii. .lit llli- I li;:i . li. - ,1 !,,. 1 u li;. !l ill. 1.1, llt.illv ,li..\\v i|, ii..« i;r«.il ;iM.l l.iiiuiit.il.li- .ire till- w ips in ..iir Ivii.'W < ilyc of till' f.irh (.liiiiili 111- Is rrfirit.l 1.1 iiu.ini m xii i8. And not only i, lie i>i.i!~f.l tlir..uulioiit tlu- iliiir
  • >. but also ihe has been) •Utiiniily elected by the M u . .1 i. m i\.-r II churches ito bei our fellow-traveller in i-oinH-iii..ii « this ^ift ■ i tilt (-. .IK-iii. .11 1 which is being adminis- tered by us, to the glory of the Lord and to hli.iw our readiness. 1 l-.-ulun- ( I t, v»T. II. .i'l'l ■ •]• IV ' I'.i.t! II-. - til.- I. isl «..;.! TTfiofi 1.1 1 ,,|' •! I ,,:■!.. ,1 ( ',•« .•/(/.)«.» . iill.l It I- !••:-.• t • r, ., with \ \ ' . . ■ ' 1 ' .'i . iiiiii'l ' , l.ii' -III- - 'ill nil. -.il, i,.iil ^KL't- i; .1- A K \ I !l i- .! Hi. ii!t !■• -.i\ w .I'l ' .il « < t.l ill. i>!ii i,i- "to ill. L''"rv .'I till- I. 'I.! ■ III.: !. , - 1 ■ '.v I ii-.i I. ...iiii. ■■ ' 'il.l ! . i-,.r.in. |. .', r-tli. I llir i-..!li. I' ,i.ll1i:il Ivti r.-.l •■ t.l '111- i;l..l> of till' 1.. .. i-'i- " : or llu- i.ili. i lii..|!irr u,is :is-. ,1-i.iti .1 Willi ! •• t ■ -lir ■■■ ;!:v ! f't " !m llu oiif i-;isi-, till- iiii'iiiiiiiu win I'l- iii.it tih- I on! |s i;l.'rifi.il in llii- hr-.tlurl\ -I'iril tli.ii aniin:itt-s llu- i-lnitflu , : in tin- otlu r, iImI tlu- .issoi-iiilion of tlu- t\\.' \m!1 :i1I.i\ "iis- )iit-ion of niisa|i|'roiiriation of tlu- fnnd-^, lid thus contnlniti.- to the kI'^.v of the I i,i,| I In 1 I -rii. ■1 .11'- till- 111. Ill ii.itur.il uiM's I'.nil ii,i:isi.iii t.l s|i..w III- ; 'M III till- I r • !iii-li.,ii- -.1 jn.l.i-.i. ii> .ill . .ril.mrr with llu ili.iiUi- I ml ii|- .11 liiiii lli.il. II itil. itow iIk- hrollur n-li-rti-d to was t-li-ctid hi- di) not know; till- word (.![•'?«"»»'•••') sii.hkoI* I'nni.irilv a «liow of hands, llu- flioici- of .1 niiii who w.is Hot only l.ivoralily known i' I -1-,-lii.iit till- «li..l<- of till- Ilun i liristian I. ;t \\lio li.id lin-ii di-titiitrly elected li> till iliiir. li. - Would he a utiarantec ti» till- iiii.ciilv si . ].ti,-,il that I'aill w.K Jirepared 1.1 wili-oine ilii-ir ehalUnne or >erMtmy '>f I Is .irranKi-tneiit. in the t ialier of the col- !i ri 'I ao. 21. It is a |)it> ill. it sii, Il j.ri-i .int 1. .iis s')..ll'.! I'l- llr.-r-s,ir> . I. Ill r.iul klli-U II 111 r..li:ir. .11.. I I;.- .li.l ii-.i liiink ii l.i i:. ;';i Ins .!ii-:ii!t\ (i. i.ik.- till pi 1 1 Mill 1- .11- ii.,.--.ii\ '.I . I li-L:;i.ir.! Ins li, iii -i . v\ il li w In, 1: u .i ■ -I Hi. ..i.r s,. li .I--... I.il. .! u • I ill! ll iilil i 1 , .! 1,1 . ,|||. 1 , avoiding this, that any one should blame us - - Is a iii.ilti-r of fai t. Ilie sei|iicl shows lis tll.it Ills iiiii-.iiili, .lis Wi ll- n. .| iiniieees- sary ( \n 17 ft— in the in.iller of this liberal collection which is being admin- istered by us. I liroiij^liont the s,-i-tion. thf Word "in..iiiy" |s siyinticantli ;i\oiiied I he e. din tion, wliieh in \er I'l 1 .h si rihed .Is ,-i eift or jOijir, is 11. iw ,1 •i.>>i."-n? (lie .1-' ciiV"' nitaiis si.Iiil. and tin- noun ; i ■ 111 tills eoiiti-M. a .vi(''.W,i)/fi.// eoii- I ' ! I .-'i .- ,1 1 ;i 1 1 111. ! I . , , I 1-. .11. 1 1' nil. PI .111,1 ■ I II- ■ ' '1 - 1 - 1 , •- , r ■ '. I liuii, - II 1 ! il ill I il ,, iit 1:1. -n 1,1111-, li I-. l.i'.M- pi , i-.iiiti' 'ii.iiv iiH.is- liii- uhii 11 iu' In,-- I.rl.ii-f i-.|'.i.i!K liM'.l l . |..r, iiii-n. .iml I-, llu I,,- .1 vp liiiu-.ii :in.! l.lllsf i--'ii,I.r - l or we arc careful for good .appearances- not only in the Lords snjht but also in men's. I In- i 1, m :i- 1 1 1'.-.- of till- .*si iilii.i;^ini .i| I'ln 111 i wh'-h • - !=■■' fji-iT, r. i-rr---'! tl'-- Heliri-w I " riion shall tind f.ivor and ;i;i'i.if uii.lri stiiiiiiiit^ ill the si^lil of Omi iiud mi ll " ) 22. And with them — with Titiis and the hrother eleeteil — we are sending (epis- tolary aorist. • ■Iltiil III r I II \ I'll i' « llll'll / /I, J. ■• lU VI ■■■ .'J Wluilu r iiuv do !H(/m'i" ul \ tvi-. i ! ■•« • ' •• t. :i i . mm. ' ilio 'J tiiy |)arttirr aiul Ih Ic' T <•••<:.>■■•, ,iiiit», it h ~!1|m i iii..ti. i. r iiu wn i- tn iiiki ji'ii: i>r our l>r«'tlir>ii fii./iii . ,.' ,7. yi'u: .'/i. V (I'V tlu" nu««tti;;i rs '"f tlic ili'iiilit-. .• I'".ir I t!i ■ IluxmiiIh' - nl \"iir till' yl.ifv I'f Chri-t '111111. fur «|i'.h I I..M»t 1 v '-i '■• ilmii i>! •\ W lu n iiiri' i.lmv VI' to tin 111, ;iiii! !i> .>I.n il.^nia, ilii: N.I mi.i w i- rt.i.H \.-.ir ' !■ llii- l ii r. li, -.. ll.f iir"..| 111 \. nr I'HC. .ii;i'. .ii..| >..iir .il li.i:!, pr. s.TV' iinl lit our l•M^tlll^; <»ii >>>iir li'liill in my ii'it I'.mr- liri.tlu r, liitt xi'iui- I tin-' • liotlur whom many times in man/ mitten wc hav* proved to be carncit - »ariii'->tiic"i is ati iiiili»iM ii>.il.lc urnu- M- li.i^ Ik < n ; "Ki 'I ' . •(!! alrtuil t! \\ ' t r u . ir m: vv li.it tin ilii, .1111 tlio I imllii.i till- IHl.l-l'Il. !• -'l.l'l • I . ii[.( t .> 1 I • . i,-iii , 111: 1. , II, < .\ ■ I'l:.! ni l t n-c ii» tlif -nil "'llitT •iiif |^""i| MSS. Ill I V lii. I i 1 • w ' ; 11 ' : '11. 1 .1 n...i. I.- 1 ,1, n r w I ;, ,1 i i u 1 in you ]<■ 'Tt . .1 > . .'i lii ii 1 r ■! \, ■■ till- i..i;tiMi 111 \iiii " i> liaiill> I I 'n i.. I .M II kiiiiuii 1.1 I'.ril, ,1 ;:lll W llh a< Mill! Il I'i ill '11' ■IT f.llll. .11^ " !i! . .'Ih r " 1 •! ■. ' '' !■ ; r . I- ri .i.|\ 111 -:,iii,| 11'. .'.■!■. : : ' , : . .1 ■ Il !i W ill. II If I questions arc askeii i about Titus, he is my colleague and fellow-worker in relation to you: if our brethren — th' .\':- \ \ ' . ' ■ m, n- H'lifil — I are in question i. they are emis- saries of churches, the glory of Christ. I itiis was II rtiticatnl I v I'.nii, thf oflit-r iwi) Iiy till' ihurthi's: only oiu- is I'xpri^-ly iiuiilioni'd a-. li.niiiK lii-cii t-Ifilnl, linl the iliitri'liis 11(1 tlimlit approvt'd, wlutlifr lurm- ally or informally, I'aiil's tlinuT I'f ilic -iriiinl brother, llu' wtiI d»-i«jro\ot i^, lure ti^ii'd in its ni'Ti- i:>!i'r.il ami li'i r.d scii^i', of (nir .(.I.'.' ■ 'III I'i'iiiini: irniii Mioli a man a> I'.i il. wrh his kmi in-iuht into ili.ir.ii icr ■•nnl hi-- ni.iv;nilu"< ii! I'mi. tp- (i'Mi I'f the C'liri-lian ideal, the l,i-t two wiinN ;iri' .-in i xlr.ii ■! (iiii.irv i-m;..j\ nf two ile!ei;a!i-; [•■r lin y ^'-r. I> tP' i:i iii .u' 'liaii that tlu-r uric "i-i.ii u ' uurk ■i ii'ls t" I li:i-!'- cI'Tv ■■ , \, ,,..| 1. In re. id trStthn ^tti ^ i mi which case llie •lllil'ie «!• 1 '.e Liitinished /',il(..v / •■'I!,../ .,' fi- ('',.'• f.':,' l' il,\-tioH il III I',' A'iii..'\ .'i II 1 11 //,' I .'iitrji Tlie t I .■' 1' 'ti ir lit -.1111 ir> li.u 1- li.-i ii .ill iM.S I'll ^. 'Il.iMr a'l- i|iI.O V 1 '.lill liuhts ..| '"'.■ t ■iiriii'',' iti- ,1 wvl- I 1 ilir.,!..! ihe I' ... . . ... Mir -; lnlll'l^ |ii| M.i. ■ il.iM ill 1 \ l"l|.lr, .inl l.i '';r nil i iiliiit; iii-p ' .ill! Ill ili.i! Iir» ill till- 111. .irii.i- I, , i;ili ■ir K'e t'lr L' rv t Chri-t I Inn-elf was n -.'ine in. i-'wr \:-i! !r, as in lli.i face the Klory of ( mil 1 cf. !\ . 'it. 34. IVactical .•\!,..r!:i*'..p !■•. •• -n ..f .-•••i- ihi^iiiii toil'). Now then in the face of the churches as reprr-riui i| I \ t: . -r '1 • r di legato, offer them a )irav-iu.il proof, 1 v a t^i'tseron-; oonfihn'ion, of your love (whether to me, cf. ver. 7, I't to the po. r Christians in Judea). and tlins a veritici til II of our boasting on your behalf, I.1..1-M1V; lo uliii-li I'.i'il M'vrr:il tiiiu - .-illn-i. - i\'i 4. 14. i\. .M. 'I lie ("i.rinrlii.iiis nni-t. by their lilieral conduct, show that he hail ! li'.n. lie !i,i- p..in!rd out t! ioiiiiht 111 lir ill iiiiiptirtii.ti to tliiir tiH.iii-, and iiry. i| iipoii tlinn ihe duty o| cni- |p!itini{ what t! v li.ue heyiiii; and ti i.iily ihe h;is t.iki n - . lo secure tin fiiii'I froiit j any ^ii^pu inn nf nii'.ippri pri.it 1. .11 Vet, m -iiite of ;ill In-, arr.iiiwniif n!s :ini| i \lii.rt;i- ti. II-., he h.i^ smII »iiiiie nii-'jK iiii.' ; 11. .1 iit- ihid that liir '.]:■■<:, \ w '] '■. I. 1 1 ' , . mi- injj — llr 1 111 11" ! ■'■ ' 111 i.T '1 :. I-.: In- ki:"\>. - ill r '■ ii nliiH " i I lii ii.l Ir.it •'.it It will Ili't li.' fi illlil-. illlim.' Ill tilllr. lie h.i- 1 r.d of tl'. ••■ M.. i.iii!'. • . .he M.-K-ed. .i".,i'. ; .111 ' if ' •• e .lU.-:-.', . n.ii!> w l.i 11 ir ,,r!i\.-, !i. will 111 ;,!! r. .111'. .1. I li.il. 'I'rii. 1- ■ ■> f' i-.iii l-.r -rii.liir' tin' di vate» in ,1 ! ■• , iirr t., ! , \ ,■ .| r. r Iv ix. I, a, Fc vith regard to the minis- tration l!ll.it i- • :r 1 • i..-i. 11 1 , wiiirli 'liey .irr to 'i. .v.v , ,1 . to llir Jrr'.!-.il> iii p"i .r, .\ !i"iil II. -1. :n \ -1 4. lie ealN the saints, it is superfluous for me to be writing I -( sa-.^tn-, pr. v _ :j..r 1 to you, f'-r 'he rr.i-'n he is iinw ahmit to ^ive. For I know your readiness (ef. viii 11 > of which I am in the hahit nf boasting on your behalf to the Macedonians- I'.inl Is wTiiitiK from Maeed-'iiia and the words of his U>ast were that Achaia has ft. ; i 184 II CORINTHIANS. [Vu. IX Wl li.ivc I sent llu' lintlircii. oiir 1n>.i>-ii:iK I'l \"\\ >li<>iil(l 111' m \aiii in tins IkIkiIi ; ill. It. I Mini, \ t' ni.iy be rr;iil\ ; 4 Lc»t liai)ly if tluv 'il M.ntilonia cunif with nu', ;in 1 stiy, lie whicli Miweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly ; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also bountifully. r \'.\eT\ man according as he purposeth in his lu:irt. so It't him gnr; not gnidg- ninly, or nf necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver. been prepared t" ni.ikc its contrihulinn since last year i -Mnie ]ihr,i~i iii \ in. lo). On if. i. I III- sa\s AJuiia rather than yoii, partly Im-.iii-i' Ik- i> ((noting the Words of his hoasi, ii.ntly because the Co- rinthian Christians wtre not the only ones involved icf. i. 1). And your zeal stirred up the greater number of tluin. llie Alaeedi inian lilnr.'ility, n-yanlrd in viii. i as a Ki't of niitlii,ut I N.inuili-. 'i'here is no inei iinpatibilily bitwrrn iluse re.i^on-, the fornu-r i- the more pr. ifi iiiiid. 3, 4. I'. ml i~ -o suri- of iIk Ciirintlii.ins and thi-ir iiitI;M-i.i-m lltat In- li.is nut lio- ilati-d to aM"iit tluTii 1.1 tin- Mai-r- iiom.in«. Ill- i|(H> nni ii.r.l t.i riiUMiil tluni furliu T. liy li t'.T. of ilu ir t" ni.iki- ^nri- ih.it I'.u ir eiitliii^ia^m will he i-r.'Uiiiii I'V ai'tiiiii ( m:i. u> I. ) ami that till- 111. 'la y wi^l Iji- tlu rc wlu n he .ar- rives. Ill ihi^ eiicl I am sending (firf^V* epistolary aoti~i: cf. vin. iS) the brethren — 'l it lis and his two colleaKnes (\iii. i(>- J4> that our boast about jrou be not, by your lethargy, made void m THIS re- spect, lie had Ixiasted frefpiently of the Corinthians ( \ ii. 4, 14), and they had many qualities of whieli he niii;lit \\: hilt lilii ral dtcis I Mii. 11) were lu iah d as well as !il>rr.il inti-n- tions, and r.iiil was anxious tli.it his h'l.i^t should not prove to he an idle one in tlus very inipi irt.iiit ri--i'i said lo llie M.u-i-- doMi.iiis, you may be prepared with the enniriliuii. !i ; lest by any means, if any Macedonians should come with me and find you unprepared, we mot to say YOU I should be put to shame in 1! • niatti-r "\ this confidence ( eirojTacrit, ii. xi. 17. liter, standing ground; then gri tnul of hope, c iilideiue). It is liefore Slacedonians that I'aiil has m.tde his ljl hi r n.iiiH- fnr the lolh-elion (el. X"P". i'V'"''?'. \iii. ly, _'0); rXtovtiia is the greedy, grasping, un- genennis spirit which keeps all it can. If the collection is not to have this appear- ance, it must he given without delay. I'hi- l\r\iii js of l.ihi-ralily ( ix, (i-ltl. 6, 7. I'.iiil now turns to the spirit in wliieli the I'l'titrilpiition niust he ni.ide, and ihr sun- r. w.iriN 1 if lilH-r,ili!v. Now ( mark) I this — the till, it liriiiiijile which Paul is ahii!-,t to I iMim-i.ite. t!ia! he who SOWS sparingly shall also reap sparingly, and he who sows bountifully (lit. e;i tlic pnn- tlfli- I'f /'/i.vV.-ll^.V, |.(.!!Il!iful Kills, cf. \ er. s: the plur.il siiL:i;i sts the r'l li xariely) shall also reap bountifully. I'.y I'.'uuti- tuii'v and sfiii iii::!y. Taiil does nut lu-ces- sarily mean much and l.l'lr the amount, Kiiat or siii:ill_ has to lie proportional to tlie means (viii. II, ui; its acceptability iKpeiids iipiin llie readiness irpoftM'a, viu. 1-'^, the cheerfulness, hilarity ( Ifca^*« »i, cf. ix. 7 ) with which it is fwrcn Tlie gifts are compareil to a »c:rtterini. -ecd, which has its inevitable harvest; wluu or how the Ch. IX] II CORINTHIANS. 185 8 And God is able to make all Krace i lo Now Ik- that niim .ti-rctii s. id t,> tlu- abound toward you ; tliat ye, always having sower both ini!ii>(ir lin ad for y.'iit 1. 1. 1(1. all siifficuiic v m all thiHgs. may abound to ' and multiply yoitr sct d sown, aiul iiu roasc t'vcry good work: tin- fruits of your riRhteotiMn-ss • ) y ( As It IS written. He hath disporstd ii Hi-inp enriched m every thiniz to all abroad; he hath given to the poor: his i bouiitifulm-ss, which causeth thruueh us righteousness remaineth for ever. I thanksnivinR to God. harvest is gathered, it is not said. I hc situation contemplated in viii. 14 suBKi-'ts that the advantages to be rru/i.t/ are ma- terial: in truth tliey are both material and >pirini,il ii\. ij), liberality prodiu-i- jjratiliide and thanksuiviiin lo (lod ( vi r. III. The principle is one on which I'aul cIm' where insists (cf. Cial. vi. 8). that the reaping is unalterably conditioned by the -owin^r, .Vnd the nionoy nnist lie Kivrn not nnly i(ii!i-|sly. hut f;U:,i:\, with a |ii!ri"'>e tli.it i> di'i;h, u\lr I >rpoi7pT)Tai I a^ well a- NiiuH ir let each . nc i give 1 as he has ir.ely detfrmined with the heart, not with ( lit. I a teehiiK of . \ ,,r pain .It li.iMiii: |i.irt u:ih l.i^ iiicm i. or under compulsion, con-tr.iinril. t.ir e\.i;ii pK. hv appe.iraiice. pulilic opinii ii, < for it is a CHEERFUL giver that God loves. This last sentence is a i|iioiatiMii from the Greek version (ijuite unlike the Hebrew) of Frov. xxii. 8, whose tiXoyti ((i kI )'i,'<.ics a cheerful giver I has been ch.ini^i'l into d>aird (h>^■^•s^. Cod's eyi>. iM li--~ tli.in the eyes of the churches (viii. J I I .irr :i|».n the gi\ers .-md tlieir gift. I !k' cnlleclion must he the outcome of ,1 i.;iiii,| sfiir: it must he, to re\ir~c t';c l.iiiuii.iyc .it vni. .'1. coniciy not only in the •■tiiht o! in. 11, I)iit , ,1 ( 8, 9. I'liit uherc i- the money to comr t ' ni ' the t '. .rinthuin-, niiuht a-k. .\ii ,111 >ucr li;is ;ilre.iily licrn sUKU.-^tcil hv j; <'\in .1 chiircli lli.it i- prrv.Hiriii .in.l m -lniiL: lili.T.iIit> II. i. the point is tii;it C,ih\ i-. the iiia^i.r the \MirI.rs re- sources, and He can hlc^^ tlu- lihcralK dis- posed with the means to lihcrality. lie , jii (8, I)) and He x^ill (10, 11 1 In .ill finan- cial efforts, and philanthropic a-pirations, //.■ niii-t never be lost sight of (6 tlfoi at i n. I ..t \cr - and near beRiiming i.f ver 8). God is able ^ii fnTti. first and emtihatie — nil /•.Ite r IS with linn ) to make all grace, i;ilt- ..f i v. rv kiii.l li. r,- .-.p. , i,i!|v in the "/.!'< 'I.;/ -i n-( to abound unto you, in order that you. having always in every- thing all sufficiency, may nof on'v have t iHiiiuh. lint to spare for every good, / cli,iritahle, work. ai'T(ip«to miulit mean contentment. Imt in this context, it more naturally means sufficiency of material re- ' sources. | he four I'.ilil repetition of irai- is very impressive I he sutlicu ncy is en tire, contiiiiiotis. and covers e\iiy |,> them, it is that they in turn may about.ii ( «p4in I'-.ilni c\ii (i In tlu- i - ilui. tins i I I'cr.ihly is (inc of the lealuri s ..t " the 111,111 u'lo tears the Lord" ( \cr. 11; and s.i it I 1^ he here. illns:r;iti:ig tlu- list plu.ise ■■ ,il" 'Uiiihni; nnl.i everv chaiit,ili|e work " It iii.iy he taken, li .ueMT. p.rii.ips r.itluT less natiiral!>. to n lir t.i (iu.|, tin- ^ul''..-t of the preceding scutmce, as illusiralir.g I lis liberality: He makes His grace :ihi'und. //(• scatters, gives to the p.ior, ;ils.> In- the c.is.- \u:rv is su.ji-, ,|,,| |iy tlie lliir.l viTse of the ps.ihn wh. re " riglil- (.■iisiiess" is p:ii,i!|,'l wiih ■'vm.-iIiIi ami riches" t"\,n il ih. \\..r.| li.ne here its ni'Tc g< lu r;il in.-.in-ii; ..I " rmliteoiisness," the [);irticul.ir rxpris^um nf lh.it cli.ir;i.'t.T nn.jer .■.)nsi,|iT:it h .11 is. I t tli.' ni.niicnt. lih- ei.ility: si, th:it we niiulil aliim-t ren.hr "his lilieralitv ahi.hs for e\er" 10, II. (iod imt niilv h.is the pi.wer ,«e«irf«, 8, (J) hut the will t.i v;ive. And He (in Isaiah Iv 10, the ritin) who sup-, plies seed to the sower and s,. iiUsses' the seed as to turn it into bread for eat- ing ( \ \' connects this wrotigU uith the' !u\i verb) will supply and multiply the' s.< (l fur your sowing unropof. not oripua, !.,fnrr>. It". «•!! f':riii h ynn .-ihtmdnnfly with tne;ms to s, -.v hro.iil c:is! Muir libi r ahty: and as ih,- .-,1. hl.sM-.| hv r„i.|, comes back in the form of bread, so will He bless your liberality, Sasaia^n), here IT ('t)RINTHTANS. [I'H. IX I J |-..r llu- Miluiiiii-ti^itioii "i lln- ^, r\i.i- liiil i.iiK ^iipiilu ill ■.•.,int .il 'in- -anl^, ii'.r.. ! : 1^ \\ iv.lr )i\ llii- cxiH rinu'iil i.f tllis 'iiiiM~tr.i'liMi llicy j;l"rif> I"r yimr i>ic) ■i-ti'in mil" tin- f'sjul of t'liri-f. .iiiil t'lr \ ■iir htii-ral (li>tnbuliuTi iiiilo thi-iii, .111(1 iiiito »irii ; 14 And liv tluir jiraycr. f^r \oii, which loiiK at'tiT you tor llle fNCi'iiliiiK grace of ( io(l in >oii. 15 'I'liaiik' I'C unto <;o II increase the fruits of your righteousness 1 ; <■ lili- I'r.-ilit) 1 1 111- 11';!' - ■ 't IT:-' r.il;'> irr 'K si-iiiiil ni'iic iiai! uulai 1\ in \ --jiiniual. 'i'lic ]>!ira-f /".■|(,,'.v I'/ ; I,,/;/.- ii.Mir.v.v i'miiii < Iroin ihf driik \or-ion of iioMa .\. I.' Ub't >u\>- imrli il liy onr jiri ^cnt IliUri w ti xt, wliii h inail..iMv. howcMT, slionlil lie cnuiKK-"! 1 . Wrsr I I is att.iciud to vir. 10 witllont any strict uraminatual coniii-clion. the part iciiilc irXorTijo^efoi, which liaims liy itx lf, ri'fi rs to llie .V"" "f the prcii (hni; . i ~i- : lyoul who in vcr. S were ili •-i-rila il ..^ li.ivnii; i/i i f.rrytliin.^ cnoiiiili. arc n.'.v (Kv.iiluil a- being in everything enriched, iliat 1^. m inatrrial ri'Minrci-. h;;i raiu-. ;irr to In- lurllur t \pri-^i(l in all liberality. Ills Kill- ( xa/'". MI- <"-'l ni.iKi- lil>>i jility iio-'-iliK- : thi-- lil»-r.ilii\ i- n u.nd' .l ]'V the powt-r 10 In- in. .11- Mur il. an.! it in- creases .iinonv: llior-e who enioy its v;il!s a lenip. r mi (l,-\M.-t uratniHle, l.>r it i- .n a kni.l ■^'•i«i which works out. through our mediation a- ue (hstrilmie it, thanks- giving to Cod. Ttu- Results of Lihi-nility (ix. iJ-t;). la. Tliis passage (u-i.sK whose gen- i-ral meaniitj; is plain, thoiiKh its construe tions are rallier coinplieati <1 aiui iincerlaiii. deals with s,.tiie of tin' " fruits of riylil eon-iu-ss " i\ir. lo ) , llu e. ■lU etn .11 is here e. ilKd .1 \fi7-oi ()->ia ilitii':^}!. ,1 W'td eili- in el.issi,-,,| Cn.k to (hs.iil.- s,,nie j.'ili'.ie M i \u-i ulneli llu- l u lu r i;-i -ii - ili- cluirneil at ill' ir own < speiisi- ; lure it is a service to //.'i' .ViJUf.'.v i\. r I. l-'. 4'- 'n Mil to, JO llle e'llrei!..n 1- -.nil !o In- ,1,.'- ,--,-(/ I t^i I'iucoi I'T? ) hv Paal. and s,.ine have snp|i"si-,| il>at llie iiiinisirati"!! t ^tahoiin I , I,) \\l;i.!i he lu re (\tr IJ' re f, fs. is .i!-,! liis . \M1 : Im! verse 1,5. vvlu ie llie n.f.ninii; is iinanil'r.:n. '-as. in.'-ki - it pi.ietie.ilK e. 'ta'.n llial 1;. in. .tils tin- itliii- istration • i • For the ( 1 c V'li'i ministration of this eh.inl.iMe service ' ''-i i'""r ( !iristi;ins is one which not only supphes ('Vti with pic 1 the needs {iaTtpriiiaTa cf viii 14^ of the saints, but further results in abundant thanksgivings ( lit. ' abounds by means of many thank -ui v ni'.;s ' 1 to God. i ri s'.ilts .ire liolii ina!- ri.il .nal spntl;:.il, ii"l ".ily .ire the liiinL;i) led. lull a lli vv spii iiii.il ;.t- n,. 'sphere is created atiionk; tiuiti .\s Deu- luy aptly say-. "It is m 'iiietiiiiiK to til', up tr.rtlier the lueasnre of a hroiher's needs liy .1 timely Kift, hut how luiich more it is to cli.iiiKc the tune of Ins spirit, .iiid whereas we tiMtiid him elieerless oT weak in faith, t'l le.ivi- ' nil (.:r;tli l!-r> praisiiiy (ioil." 13. \risc 15. like ver. II. is loosely all. idled to llu- priiedni:; ver-r 'he n"in- iiiative participle Soia(,o>r»t n ti r- ! ■ tin n ti r- t ' I he lulpii III. 'If mill;, ail "1 tlie 7',, I'o- s. lints of \er. I-' who wil the colleetii m. I In e >'li eli btahOl ia, Is a tts! ( ''io^ iiii!hi,ii;s. jiisi as ,itl!:.-'i"n a -'^1 ..t lia- M.ii-e.l.'inans tviii jl. Through the proving oi v.iiir t l;nst:,in . ii iKn i r af- forded by this eli.irit.illi ministration, they, the 1 r s.nnt, ..t jaha. glorify God for two re.isi.ns; tirsilv. for the sub- jection of your confession with regard to the gospel of Christ, and s,coiu!ly (for) the liberality of (your) contribution to them and to all. Their o^oXo-via wa* not, j of course, the ohiccfive standard of their failli. h'lt their suhjective c,ni',-SM''ii of it ' — here almost etjual to " profession." This was in ,1 st.ite of siihji\li<'ii with reuanl to {(it: ilir eoiistrnctioii is not. "in snli'fiiii 'ii lo " > \':r L;"si.el of I'hrist ; ihrv si,! .niii ted to Its ide.iis. I sineial'v to its , )1 'liLi.iIn ; 1 lo 111,-inifest I'la, ! n.ilU til urai'i nl (i"'I as ]. rod, Hilled III till- L-"-;nl I'l t lirisi Wli.it- rx.r il'"-l.ls h.id he.n eii'i i-,iini-d ..I the t'Tinihian dinrili hy tin- .liiiie;in Chris- n.iiis. wi re .-insui n '1 hv lliis lili eralitv, wliidi was snielv a \er> pr,-u-tical ci'iifi's, 1,1,1 of f.iiih. vvorknr.i liv lovi- I he " rwi iitu-th feiiliny .New resi.inunl " |S.;i\es tlie gem ral scii-e well: "tor your jli.ldi'v !i> voiir profession of faith in the ir„...d Xevvs of the Christ " This practical a.ve of (ieiitile (Corinthian) Christians to levvish Christians showed that the lionils "f r.icial and relitiious dilTerence had been broken, ami the liberality the Corinthi.ins ,;-,ad shown to t!ie Jtide.ins ib-.y v>o:Od certainly he rendv to show to all, but of Isiich othiT iluiiiiahlo efforts we h.ive no positive kno\vlei!f»e I 14, IS. .-VKfiu the eoniiei-noii is 1 >• :^€wiwoDovrTui¥ IS a Kcliit. .ih-oj . altliouuli It Ch. IX] II COKIXTIIIANS. 187 rc fi r-i tf tlic same persons as flic tu>iiiiti. iii^i)iration I'f mry Ininiaii (jrai-o. Ihc Soia(orTn (ver. 1.0: tii''i /"■<'>'<■''• '* K'f's t'li' Corinthian-, "t itu M.i. < till' ilativc of aivomiKiniinonl. And they, iloiiiaiis. all luim.iii n\n>. .n.- mii.iII ti " tlic poor saints, wnulil lio so mncti toiichril parison witii that \Hi-piakahlc nHt - hut hy the I'orinthiaii collcrtion that, with in ' rays of that iiitmitf light i,-ic<--ory prayer for you, \ wi.ll long for clo-i r intcri-oiirsc wi'h you, because of the abundant grace of God u'ii.li ! .> Hu- wii..!.- ilnii. m!; .n -i •! "'1 I. c.-n pouri'd upon you. TIk- r. .t:^ , . .1 !.>;iou li.in.lK-.i In 1' i il .Mih a .Lhi.i.y liHtiMii was \n thrni the «vilih'.l of ihr li it i> oiiA ri|!iall , .mi. -'lu ,i;r.„-i' of (in,!, aii.l th.'v y. .iinL-.l to m <■ In tlir .Tni.-r •.. .ii lb,- t - .nm !a.iii>, !l:..-r ill wlioiii li i^r.ic-r w.i- iii:n;ii. ~t ; , 1'. nil's own li'.ii'T i- .it -'.in' . I"i h' li-i- .i!',! if thrv o.'ihl ii-t ~. ,■ ihrin. at Ir t!:,-v : -r'-'-'"i o'luv- uiih pifh ..!-nl \\''.n. , iiiiii nil,.l ihiin t.'<.".l ill vr.i'. f;;I pr iM r ' .mil Mill nioi.-. th.nr ..un ho:i..r ( hn-- II. .W iiuulitv a f.TOf iiiM-t ihi- K"-lM 1 ItKiii nil II I h>- oi tli,- rhiiuhr- are l-..!i u hull' tli!!- hroiiMln J,w .11-.! t ,. rtih- j I'l"'!! tlidii iMii -'(1. lh<- <■><- of (,.m1 ar<- i,.i:>tl'. r' M l it iiMinicl"- 1'- If 111 thrinpoii tluin i i\. ;i. I h. ir own niatdi.il -piutv of ni..iuv I'.inl ^.r.\ tin- , olhn-ii. .ii i .mil S'^-tiia! fiitiir.- will .h p.Mi.l upon their ill 1'- f.ir na.hiir.: -ii:n;'i,i; .tY.i-t-. n, .| | i ■ S" "i~'' • li'" •■'I'l'"''' l:v itihilo nihil tit. iren ly a rrlii f of iK • 1 1' ut i. .ii : .uhI a- i h. > uili re.ip e\actly a- they sow — no he eotitenipl.ite* it all. lie i> ahiio-t over- K -- ami ni> more. whelmed hv the womter of it - iioi of the Further, they omuIiI to give not onlv u. ii e«ntrihutii)n it-elf. a> some -npp. of the erou-l\ hut eh. . riiilK ; an.l h-u i 'i ih'-e t'hristian Kener. .-itv uhuli :n-i'ir. d it. th.'ifiil t.. d.i tin-- wlu n tii. \ > l::'- .!.\..tit uratii"'!.- \vi''i whi. !: it u i- n- ! Iiuit- ..f thni (•■.It will h. ' It \m 1 H' I .■.!\r.l. the M-i.-e ..f r'!M--!.-i )r..-' -m! l-nly r.-h. v. d— t.--, hut it ttdl ei . .te ,i ui-i.-h It .l.-.-peiie.l ,111.1 Mr. iicth. n.-l ' m v w -pi:''-d :ii'v -p' . r- !• r th.e •<:. II r.-- !\ the wond. r ..I the r.'.l. uipf.'U wr..-!i' 'la..! It wd". td. rh.ii 1.- ..tt- w - -iii !.'v I !in-'. that ini-jhtv foiee w' er. it. .1 : ••'id.-, it wi'l .|i-..iin -•••.•p' - "'" '" '\ ;.!; .\ii.I, ,a- in I * w. I M .u'ti. mI m ■ i I'.diy .ii;.l p-'wr of 1 >-.iik-hi.l. - h;- e..ii-id. r.iM '11 ..t ■■ . t , ir- j ' h.- v -! '> h H wili -• r. !ii;t h. u 1 in ■ -,i;-.-o| ■,■•1. h. v.- h.- e-iudu.h -I;-- .li.-"--i..n j' ih 1. it ud! "trn di-t.,ut -tr..ii;;.;r- Thanks !•.• to God for Hisith.-ir I . n. t >.;. -i . .m.| t i ., .ii;i t ..f unspeakable gift. "I 1. ■ .!>i'h.t lo,'. ^^^(■- I ih. ir f ..-. W .i- it not i;.i:-.v.,l ih.it a- i;,r, .I K. I, im k..tn .\i. . I'.illl ihottui.' -f all i' :-. and ol linn it>. e.m he hfiiijK r. I. rr.-.l '■■ v'\:-o>mli ymi by I till- iiKH'kni'ss anil Rt-ntlem-sH of Clirist, I wliii in prt'M'ncc am lia^r ;iiiioiik jmi, but j hi'ing ab.scnt am Ik'IU toward vmi ; Tlu' I cur^-'iiy rr.nlrr iimii"! f ill to |i(ri'< i\i .111 aliii-pl 'lilii n nil in i"iir, lu' tr.'iii i ll- \iii lo ^ !i \ I h'liiiir lii.iliti 1^ ui IT t . .iii|iliiiu nl.li> .Hill alUi.- tii.ii.iii . ilii- .iii'l llu- following i-lia|itirs arc luatiil. iioliiniial. ami ill Jiart iroiiiral. I liirc. tile l oT Kitlnalis wi re- his Im IomiI " hritlinn." of wlioni lit- was proud, and of wliosf H''"«ToMiy III' was not afraid to boa^l ; lu ri' tlun- an- civiiiii s In tlu' camp — ciifiiiu s wlio lia\t' lii i ii I Ii.illi iiyiii.i.; Iiis aiitliori!\. and dilrariiiiK irom Ins itoIii. and uli" ui'l lIuTilorc lla\o to lie Mini niaril\ , ii v.tili 'i lu-y will Ii.im to l.c com iiu i liy it^ iiii]i.ict upon tlu ni~iU<-. llial r.ti:!'^ aiillioritv i> a \i-ry ri-al thiiii,'. and llial In- i^- .iiwl as cap.iblc I'.i cm rc!~nii; II I ri.nr tin ir < \ cs as lie is by means of ci irn^i " 'Mill 1 HT. In.li,.l -.1 -nikin;.^ is the difTiri'iicr of tmu' I'llNM iii t! 1- ^i . li"ii and tlir pr. i t .hiiL; tli.il ^■'inr v.-lir .|,ir, li.oc frit tliiiii-'Ki^ ol.li-'il 'o irv.ii'l ,1^ .1 .-rp.n.itc liHtr. SiH li .1 '-iipp"^ilioii. liMwcviT. hardly sci-ms to he niri~~:ii\, I'.inl ll.id ill--l hicn liri"- iiii; till- r"rinihi.in- t.' ^-Iiou tli.it ^iMicro^itv for whii-li he h.id lliMll credit. Ihit what i-- the n-. ..f iiriiiiit; ippeal or conii^i'l of any kind iip'^n U pr. plr ainoiii; wlioin Ills anili-rily i- hriiin h. .lilly ch.i'liMi'ji d - 'l lure i- a -piriii d .nid venoiiioiis oppo-iiion to him in ilie irinlhiaii church, which i- not onlv Ttndrniiiiiinu' Iii~ authority, bin imiTT : ]' ■ ; l: * ' ' > i , . i: n*':., 1 ]M • lU ' I ■ - • i I' l , -r. !i ! ■ iii it nnn.it liral. lliril. th.il in ' ' « cl- I'l ,ip'< r--^ hr sh.iiild tiiin |o d' il u'i'i - . pp.i-nion. and to vindic.ilf. with diuiiii\ lnit eniplia- si--, 111-- cliailiimed atithorilv, /'illi/'.v l\ I I. The vtTV lir^l woriK ^liow jhat i'aid uiitniLj U!ih i'ni:-'-..i! t'i'oii..n 1!,- ik'i^ no| -.o ^■nip!\ / . r' ' , i t:1(.,o.:t\um \.'|(. hnr I 1 '!;t 1 inphal!.- 1 Paul l for the i ili pl.,'i.- i-.'inhin.itioii ,' /''ii'.f (k'd v J. Kph iii I. I'hileinon lo) myself mi'Tot) entreat you. I'erhaps from this emphatic introdnc- ih.it hr uri'lr this .iiid I i f I'liilenioii \ I. I I 1 ; ■ •!■ ^niiply. iit'ii. it m.o hr infrrri p.i^^.li;r u I'll hi- I r,\ n lo. I ( I ir \ \ 1 1 , ( 1.1 that a-, he ha- ,ihrad> n-cd the tir-l iiers pill, so much, he iio\\ distinctly wishes to ilissiiciate Timothy (i ii from what he is about to say. In either ease, the words in- dicate that the passaye to follow is of an iiiteii-tly, personal n.iliire: it cuiicerns liim- .ii7/. It is his aiithi'rity th.il has been eh.illi ii;:r(l : and with j^reat buldiiess he put- hi- prrson.ility into the very forefront of tile ch-ri'--:> 111. Ilurr t- no tunr wluii .1 ui.in !- 111 -peak wilh n:i>'' hcit th.ni ill (h feiuluiK limi-ilf; and r.r.il ^n.ird- i;:ni-i'f .i! thr li. miming, h\ rrmnidiiij.; hiin-ilf. tli.il tile .ippi.il nni-t he made by the meekness and gentleness of Christ. I he l.ini^n.ii;e w hicli li ■ ' h'!t I '.ml 1 1 niiii' ' > t hi' t niii!i\r which in-pirr- il -pr.ik- in the r.mu' .in the ( Iin-t v\ 111 1 cl. ,111.1 . low ly ( M;it. xi. _'o > iie-s, the kindly spirit wliich dur- iint nar- louly iii-i-i r.]i,,Ti it, riijhls. I he hnint of the charge ay.iiiist liiin is at once iiitro- duci d: / /•(■.«! . c/i y.'U il) who, a- y.ni , to (your) face, am humble among you but courageous toward you when I am away. .\ cnw.ird at close (pi.irters, a .1 di-!ai!ce; one who can 1 r-. Iiiii who l.icks authority will II he Cl mu - in per-on — cripiiiiii of Paul. W'c th.it I'.aiil .iii-iiscd iiii|i'ci-i( III I I 171; his ■a-:Iy mi-inln prrii ,1 h\ tho-e nndrr-l.ind ii- iii-piiim; 111. 1- lIliiU .imi hi- trllilrriir-- WiTi' u- IS vrry -Uoiii;, iiinihi.m- th.a; tlie 1- thr hiLilu -I ; he in the -jiirit of i| t 1 be (II. i7,' .and t'wtiihia j- ri|iii!.ihlr hr.nr in.in wn:i !i./ l I .nal ci'ilram' -'iih i- tlirir l:.!\e .ilrr.idy - 'f tiikllllrs- .1 .'■■mine! u:!- la who (111! imt Ills C^ ! 1 1\ r- 1111-t.ik.n for c. iwavilice : !;.' iv rirrni-tn ;"|.rul> " in a h.ld -"ll-r. hr I'.l- I 'l piiWrr of -l it a-'-rrt'Mii It i- -i'..;nitii ant thr epithet with wliiili tile rormlhi.in- rrpf .ich P.iiil is 11-r.I hv Ji -ii- ill Mat \; Jo to rli.iracl. T' 'r Him-i If - / '.-I'M' of ivart. I'or I'.inl's oiiponm'- thrrc i- r.. ( !:'!-'i.in ■■iroiit:i about the word. (".iiii',i^'.- w.is Paul's motto ( iv. 16. v - and his couraueous life is the best answer to this jcharRo of cowardice: cf. Acts xxiv. 25 (the Ch. XJ II COKIXTIIIAXS. 189 llnl I l)r^cccli v". tii.it I iii.iy iiMt lio 5 t'.i^lmi; I'i'Wii iin:iv:i!i,i'i. 'ii-;. ami t vi ry I.M.I wluii I ;mi pri-iiit wi'li ih.it i-.'iiti- ihiii'^ tli.ii i \,ilir'!i it-x't .in.iin^t tlic - ~..ii!r, u liii-h tiniik i.f 11^ .1^ it u I' u.iI'k..' uw\ .■•.■iv lli.iir^li! ilu- . .1.. .In lu'i- i.f . «r. liny l.i tlk- l!i >ii. ( li: 1^1 ; I'.'r tliiii;:;]! u r w.ilk ill tlic lU^h, \m- \ii'l liaviiiy 111 a ri'.i(liiu---i t.> rcvciiKi' .; . nut \\ar alirr till- tK^li ; j.ill .'i-'.IkiIicik'i', wluii vour olx'tliciicc is 4 il'. r till- \\tai".ii~ ..t iiiir w.iii.irc iiir fiiirilK'd. r.'i iMi.ial. l)tit niiuliiy thr>nij;h to ilu- !> illiiii; il. i\vn of stronK liolils:) -11 1!'- li l.irc l'vli.\>. All" \\i. i_5 (v\Iurt' ln^ i.|.i)..ti. tit- .-av i 1 It i- a warriDr, li. ]ii..ii-^i-s himself ready to «lie at Ji-ni- an.! hi- i .iniMii!", 1- : • • pi\ i. .in .i-r. .iis ^.iKnii. 1. :! - •. ,1 , ..1! For the •.•.•;.apon« of our 2. W h.tt I'anl i-ntriMttil ihr I '. .1 intlii.iii- warfare, 1 .1. .ii^. .! 111 I |i!i \i 11 1 -, •■• .1.1 ni \i r. I i- n.it >,n.l. 1! Iu'i-..nu - i.i.iin are not fleshly but I,, n- uc t linn ni \ir. _■ wluri- tin- r<'.|iu -t 1- nilr.nlmi.i i.. -ay sp. 1. 111, a-, th.il i^ itnph.'it 111 h> anotliiT .•mil str.Miyer \\..ril, .^idjj.h ; tin- I'l.- .-..iniM-l, lu' . ,11 - .r'. rr .. ! r 1,1 |...iiit i> uliM-iireil h\ A. \' uliuli r.n.l.r- ' ' . |- / .....ihn 111. . , ■! . ■ ■. . li..tli verl)-. liv hi-scrch. Yes. I beseech divinely powertal to the demolition of tyou) that I may not, when I come, | strongholds, / ,■ .1 all ik.- i nti.n. n .i and have to show fly courage with the con- |niii;hty iiiiIh. ih-. - th.it .1: the K"S"1 I li'' fidence with which I count on being I wt'.'ipons are 3i*'ar(? »uj not. as m A \ . bold against some who count us as walk- 1 nti^hty //;/.. m.-/i i hv m. oft t.i..l." l.nt, ing after the flesh, lie nf.rs t.> hi-, a- in A. K. V. " ii'iiv''.it> ^.7,'>i• i'vd" tin . : '111. - .illn-nly a- .\.'t)i.-,- llirir ilKiri^o is | jjis eyis). iir.u'Iu-.il!> <(|iial to " Jt: iinlv, li. it he u.ilk- .it'ler the lle-li. that Ins : Miin riiatiir.illy, " a> i;i the de-erilition of tlii: > in.liHt 1- iinided hy iinspiritiial tiio!i\ e-. i li .I '.tv ..t M .-. - . \el- mi. jol. .ni-.d the Ilu- iiartk-iilar iiu-aiiiiit; of tin- iinu-ral ; m, of .Niii.mIi 1 Jonah iii. > I'hr.i-e iini--t he iKlrrtiinud hy the coiit,-\i ; : 5, 6. \ > i -i- p,-irenl'liel i.-.i', -.er. 5 li.re. alM'.irently. tlu- iniplu-af -n i- lli.it Is.- i.'iin.-i"- uiili \,r ,< ; ,- ;>.;i-. demolishing 1- Iini'.l. e. .miil.ii-.int. al r.i;.! ..t ol't'i n.lni-.:, -:i!.tl,- ini.iLi-n.iti. .n-. -ophi-- ie.il calculatiuns l..i> n.. (Innie i-..-irai:.- ..r inr!.iti\r. I'.inl 1 iiTnoi-t i- ,,11 i-elio ..f iv'ou(i'Oi-». v. r. j) • Illy h..in - it will 11'! \■ in. .r.il .1 ii.| int .-1 1.-.-' ■ i.il u nip- r-. h.ihi isj (ami Xo-)ij/.t>5. \,r. 5> eeh...- iliro;'v;li ike a- ' ;! n.li-. uki.li m.ike ..ne , ;ll..i!-' p. th.' pa--,-ii;e ( I f. \ v. 7. It): he has a i-j/, m/.i- : t hri-'i.in appeal An in.'i.-.it!- .n of what tit'ii which meets ami lllatelu-s Ik. irs. i- t!ie;iiit will lie foninl 111 :h, u. l.1 \o7nr<»oit, 3, 4. Into his defeii-e I'anl inlnxlnces j w hu h pv rhaps >iu,'..ji In prnn.irily tlu- s.iph- tniliiary metaphors, lli- lite i- not only a'i-trie-, or nt lea-i tlu- ari-riiu-i;t -, hv whieh .,;//,■ I irfpiirrtToi-i'Tat ). i« j, a T. .ir/.;f, 1 tile (irr.-ks r.-i-t..! the K"~pel I he I .TTfi.irn oMfrta ». n..t only anainst the evil wiap.ei- l.y whi.h I';nil tl.-in. .li-k, .1 the-e that is in the u..rl.l. liMt within the eluireh .•iruiuneiits ,vere lU't " per-'ia-ive w..r.!- of il-elf. .-IS pr..\eil l.y the a--s;iults he is at wi-il.iin," hut Weap.ins of tlu- spnit ;iiul I'Ve-eiit repeilim'. ( )f e.inrse. sk Inn..- .-i- i.owi-r || C'.'r ii .). -ii 1 .i.i»u.?, ;i, here irrara 1 . !u !- a niort.il tiiati. lu- nin^t walk 111 tin- Still t!ie iinh'arv n-Mp'u. rs are iii.-iiii ' . -11. -nlm-.-t 1'- Inn-'.-ir-- -ns. uliieli prt-- t.iiiu-.! . we \\ ,;r. il. -;,. .k-limi; i-\-i-ry s'r..ni;- ■■>'" '"'11 tr-'in !..ii"j I ., .,li 'k..i he 1:..1.I ..f ..,,p,..;-. and taking captive U..11I1I. hilt lie (1.1. - n..' walk ,i':,-r. . .'- every th- • device .-t' 1' . n ,1 1 '."'•a I the ll. -h. ; tlu- prrie ;.!. - .i-..-., 11. . ■ into t':.- I.ii:.! . i' . n'v ) .-" ..-.hi..-!! \\r •-. 'lu'ii..-!- !m- ■.-:inii...:-..! nbedifnce »n Christ. !■ ■ skit . ffT(.r,To ) .1, .|,t. rniin.-il piir. ly ''\ I'.muily .!. ti. ■! aiu! i.-i-t,.! ( In;-- ,-|'n,| Hi- -p-ntnal. not l.\ >i.i"ir.il. ,.»'f!.»/ .-.m.i.i.Ta- r-.-p.-l. i- n -w l>\ tmnUw u. :ipons f.ms. For. walking » . .!.■ ami .1- . l' i 'nil -lu- . \ anyeli-i. r. .Ine.-. I |. ninst in the flesh, we do not war accord- I 'u- e.mipli t. lu -s of iii, tritnnph 1- -un- ing to the flesh. Faiil is no coward, as j nested by the repetition of »-a» ; the gospel 190 II COKIXTHIANS. [Ch. X 7 I)n yc look on ihiiiK'* •ilttr tlu' o\it- \\;iril at>iu;ir;iiicf? If .iiiy man tru>I t" liiiiis.Il that lu- IS Christ's, lot liim of hint- Mif think this aKain. that, a^ he ts Christ's even vo iirr «f Christ's. 8 For tlioiiuh I should lx>ast sotncwhat more of our atithoritv, which the Lord liath gixen us for cdihcation, ans, to avenge every disobeiliencc (itapahori iijipiist'd to I'lraAO^). lie is tint the coward tiny think he is. and he will show tluin that, if need lu-, wlu n he conns. How he will assert his aiitliMnty against the rv ealinrants, he dms not say — lur haps as ill I Cor. V. 5; Imt clearly it is no idlf threat, lu- only li^pis lie will ti"t li.r,. ■ ■ put It into c\(Tii;iiiii i\rr. J ' III • i; . , ., he will only .4 l!i;:l!!l,!i lie kll-'Us l'l,,i!i .\p ■ . lU'e lll^w pi,, ml aiul l>"\\i rtiil is ihe -ill, ,11 to tlu- i.',>spel; lint lie kn,>ws. I,,.,. p,.\\, r 1,1 li e i.:,'-!" ' "\, r. ,,nie r. \,,J, tii. . w'/ il i '.i- haf' 'ititdii\ M'KiitiOi i Tts i .\ u.iM-M,r like i'.ml, ur'i -m il a r, ,"1, .,i , , --e^ lu liiliil Imii. !- " ■! likeK t" I'l- tirilll, ,1 1,\ the •-Lill'l, ! - ,,i 111- ,,ep.,I,e'l'- ; lie w ili 'ine .-in,! in, , ' l!-, in 1,1, ,■ •, ■ l,u ,-, an. I .lisciplnie. in s. ine stem u,i>. Iiieir re- hellions spirit. iImIv. " l»o \e l.Mik on thin«s after the ojil- u.iiii appi ai aiice : '■ or (hi as in .\. R. V. .illirmaiively, "W look at the iliin«s that are hefore your face;" or (c) nperatively ; " Look at what is hefore vonr face." The choice seenis really to lie ix-tween (h) and (c). The ohjeclion to tcl, thoiiijli u is far from fatal, is that Ihe verl) (/iXtirtTei. '.i iiiipeiati 1. U..11I1I more naturally ha\e e, .111.- Iii -t ill. Ill 1.1-1, If imperatue. it will lie r.iiirs app< .il III the Cor.iitliiaiis to upeii till T e\es 10 laets. i,i e. nlr.ist 111- el.iinis ami Ills achieu-uients Willi those ut In- op- pi'iieiit-. li I 1.1 I- .iilopteil. I'aiil n pr. ..ii-lu-s 111- iippiiiiinl- ui;h seemi; i.ni\ tl:e tliill).;s 111 ion- til. ir l yi s - tlieii ti -t- ,11. e\tii i.,il I lieir cl.iiiii / ' t i- Im-..<1 pri.li aMv np..ii s.iuie iMi 'ii.il .'niil rehm. .ii-ly imlitVi I'l lit l.u !. -neli .1- llieir liavini; seen liie e.irilily ji -ii-. i.r tlieir h:i\iii^; heell ,ieipi;iili;eil Willi tin- Kailers nt tile Jem -.ilein clinrcli 1 cf. i Cor i. Ijt. It is clear ,it any rale from xi. that rani's nppo iH iiis are Jiid.ai.-ers. Perhaps, on the whole Id is jireferahle. Look at the facts be- fore your face. If any one has confi- dence in himself that he is Christ's, let him tliink again iii..^ ..n ■ ''ler Itaii.l 1 anil consider f\o~,ntai'.\ . this I 1, f in his own mind that we too are Christ's just as he is. 1 '.,'!l I ,!ily el , -in- li.ire 1 .ii:,i!i! ^iim, 111 .hK .'U'es. he aih.i;-e. I i, ,1- - !!• t here pi. lii- . I ( . T I \ if liy p, nil 111:^ t . .ii I ■ rir.! ii. or to In- \ ; -1, -n • in i-', .1- in I Cor w . .) . 1 In I h. ,i,M-!.-. - l.i-i r I M. JI ,;oi ■ 1:, has -ntVered for the k ; 8. 9. I'.inl - el. inn to he ;:• lea-! .is \.i'i,l a- llu n- p,,--, --e-, a- lie lias iii-t At tin- point a- lite ar hi- e'.ntn- 1.11111- ,-1- 111 III- -mee-s if the r'-.ii 'I. u pi, lies in wh.il ,•111!'- -,lke I hri-T- iheii, i- P.nt more ' he c'.unteil in vv. /'iii(/'.< . .'.'v i!)ii/ -U . II //r. I iitiiisl,-ii to Hini I X. ; -i.S 1, 7. The connection helween this {>ara- ftraph and the pnenliiii; depetnls upon the m.-itiner in which the tirst sentence i- con- stnu-il There are ihne possilnljties It mav he taken (n) as in \. V. inlerroga- <>. an authority which h.is heeii >;iveu hiin hy tlu- Lord Him-elf. Yes. and if I boast ('1.'/. as .\. V. " Ihouuh I should I...ast;" he has already hoasted in J-ine tlint ci. powrrful; l>iit /n,v 1"m1iI\ iitr^iiui' iiUMsiirinn tluMiiMh t > l'> tlirm>ilvi n, .mil weak, ami /iiJ siK-ivli >"ii;' 1 1 1. I. ii-"iii|i,iriiiK thoni»flvi-> anions llu'iii-clv.*, 11 i.i't 'iiu-li a >>iK' lliiiik ill. It, ~ik1i .irr ni't wi^r. .1- wi- .in- in w'r r- wlu n we ar.- ! l.< litil \\r will ii"! l.M.i-t ,.! tlimt;^ witli- .ili«ilit. -IK-Ii m// :<.'• .il- in lUrd \v!ii-n'i>iil .■w tni.i-ni., lii .i. . .-r .I-ti^ I' i' Uf an- liU'Nfiil. j nii M-'ii.' ..| i!;.- nil.- v hirii 1 h .1 IJ l-'i>r wo ilari- n..i niakf onrNilvi- "f Mnli'ili il lo n>, a ni.i>iir( l.i !.,i>ti iwn tlu- miinlK-r. or compart- onrM!\f» with j nnto yon. ilioritv; ami this lie say-, that I may not i" rannin ni tlu' -viv, ( i ( ..i m, : give the impression of scaring yo»i, as ( "v. \u. i i. ami no .|..n!i liiv;iil> it were, out of your wits by my letters, -irunn ncrvou. .lainn- wbuli a.-,-, nip.inu - .■t which hi- liad at li-;,«t unlirn l.\<< -r. m « -r m ■ .n^l i' i- .ili.-.^. ilit r pf'!- 1 Cor. ami that n'fcrri'il to in i Cor \ .iMr tlMt 1;:- |.-il.lu- .iri" ar.i;u-. - w. if not M,,- nnpri-^ion ihcy Kft from h:^ ini|.r>"ur dic'^s v^li,. p. i-,- an.l V. ::i It ,-oiiiirinc IN tlum in vi l'i.ri'> li.i.!> N-r > ];■- -pr.iKini;. i! 11. hy till- ini|>rt thi- t.r.ik-, iii- o)i).,.iuii'~ .li-pi;l<- i;i\.n I'. ml lii- o, , ru Ininii; iarni~!iU" nm-i .ilua\> !y the Lord llnn-i'l. iIi. u .I'.rli. Titv li.i- no n nnt.r.>M\. i \>!- s:\, iji It -':> li -.iniT. AU'l il- ..I .1-1 u.i- !lu .■I'll jio-^iM.- li.,wr\,r. iliai lii' r< t' u lirtf n..n. ,in.l I'ot the il. -T-.n. .11 of t!u' to n. 'iIlt . .| til.-.- tln-ii:- \\ >■ ar.- ,ipt riiitlii.in i-hrr.h. nnl:U.' llu anlhoiily M inlrr.iri "1. 'ily j"' , ., >i, .■ ' a- if it lii~ ..ppiiiHiii-. -n.-h a- It wa-. uliifh w.i- iikmih "iLulily ,itr'''"'-"i' • ■" t.-.iht\. .■\,r.-is.-,| n..I To till' r.lilu-.UIoii of llu- .-.m-h..- Ii.T<- p.^nit- I..|..-k to t!;,' ^'.•v,^lf .hnn-li hilt to it- «i-n>-rati'd into aai; as. t.Tprnation of ihi- oi;. . \\ h. n 1' , 1 liki-: far TrpeSorvf. like a traitor. \'( rv- cj •.;.'.v r'>''''>". h. i- w .ik in l!a l.in ha- a fint- d.-tiiiition of tin- lniu-t;on ,.f oi v,r _•, not .in .(:■■ om^ hi anthoritv - - " n. I.nild up -.r.ul r,.-! I 'll . •! li. r w ■ .r.l-. in. 11. . I !\ ■■. 1 1 u. .i .v In. Ii .|..wn '■ ' 111.- ~'r..nul)..M- .t ■ u . r,- m.t p.r--i.,-u. u..rd~ .'t u:.!.vi ii ,].,. •^.,~ !.<.■ l"i:i -.v r '.- .nul In- pr. r. .■ :li'.. ' . i l,p fritl\c. llu'V I'. I lU- lo l:..': ■ ■ > i ■ 10. 11. Til. \\!i.. 1;.h1 a. -.-I-..! r.ml .•! .li.ai:;.-. a;ui !',. -l i.p':.-. Let such a one Imiii'J c..:.r,ii;. ■'•!- ,it .i di--.in.-i- i .r M consider this . \ -.. I"' "t - .1 ,,,,,,, .!;.,; ].,. ,■,•■!,] «■•■,. l.,.M a'-.l '.■J'" ,-..'■■:■!. !,ii!..n-. <■. (I !-l.i!i. n-: \..-, . o i - m- . -. i.-m". For his letters, they say. arc --tui.d to r- . dl i'. <• n-- of w-r-l ni weighty and powerful, but his bodily .\ -'. > ■> > that our conduct, when presence is weak, and his speaking con- we are present, will correspond exactly temptible il l il,-pi- fa ii'-'.nu'i- ..f ill. M-rv u..r.|- n-.-.l l.v St. niiliar ( ir<-.-k c.n'r.i-l h. twr.n and I'anr- oppoiuiil-. It llni- a Cn fcvo*. w..r.l ami d.-cl 1 1.- u dl -li. .w lluin uiiip..rarv nul'-niu-iit on hi- Mpi-il. -. ami . li"W sl.n;di-i..n- i- liu ir .h.ir-.. iii.il lu- i- a ontciiiporarv do-iTiptu.n ..f Imn-. If " a lu ro at a di-t.ni.-c .iiul on pi;. i. Lnl .i WhcthiT '.""jfriV ' ( om- -a\-. or lu- -.ly-. with cw.ird at cL.-i- ipiaricr- 1 ..r ..!ur.- ami rcfcrcncf t.. tlu- nt ..f \cr T- "f •"<■ '"' al^ay- lu- i-_ a I. rave man It r..it i- llu- (I ..III- .if vi-r. 11) or '.'.acTi'i. (tluv -ay I is in.prt--i' .n ..f Intn t!t,y y.,- tr..ni hi- l.it.t-. rcail. the nuamnu i- t'l.' - i-iu- th,- '<-lT.-.-t it i- a Irm- init.ri.--i. .n. a- tli. v wdl timl pnxhu-t-d liv I'ani'- 1. •■<.-. ...Ininn-.l ti.r.-. wlu-n tluy Inm I lu- -[....tic applua is atto-ti'd in tlu- -trikimj .l.-.-ription of ti-.n. in tlu- cnl. \t. i- . "a- u.- ..n- hy vii S I!. The dcpri'ciaP.ry ri-f.-r.-nct- to Ktti-r. so ( . bristliuK with difticultics. I'aul has 102 11 CORINTHIANS. [Ch. X ■n irh 11. .t 111 viitict itniii v"ii : t'lr far tn voii .1 ipil .il- III fiiihliint: tin- ,,| t'liri-.! . ir-t i l.iitiiril t.i 11. .1 riiiii.i-.'. ■■M^ man, a- lii.n . 1 i ill I .1 a- lir 1^ III U"iil Hilt. li<' ii.Mii, .ill> ( I .III tiiiu tln ri- IS a i rrl.iiii Kiml I.l .-.-.t A-^> III- i|. I - t|. ■' ]i! . il. - I. . 1..I \ 1 . For we have not the bi liliii-'s i t(i\u„ m.i', ,1 TiiM,t;'ii, . ,1 i to rank ourselves amctij; or Lonipare ourselves with some ol thu^c who commend themselves. I ! ■ - . I.l -.Ii I . iiiniii !!.!,;•!. .11 ilu > lia.l j. \. 1|. .1 .it r.ril mi; I. \ I. l. ulit II .IS It lla > lil. ll's, Im , uIi" Uill' Kiiilty III till- pLu'iic. a \v..ril|ii.i.v «liiili it is iiii|ii.-s|l,\- |i> ri luiiiliiii- III ImikIisIi (Iwu (■iiiil|Miiliii!s lit Apiifir, Willi i" .inil iTii'l, I'aiil .illillils thai he h.is lH't tli.- r.nM.r In raiij;f liiin-i h' .•iiiiiiii^ ■-. li.iMiiu: iii'tliiiii; I i!i.insclvrs U'lii ulii.ll III in. a-ii! < lln in-i 1 . . -. fan ni.l I > li. .l-T'.; ::lill..-.:Mli.! :\ 1 dal Tprl | ; ailil I'.. ! Ir.iiil.lv I . .! 1 1. - - I - tl'.it lit- 1 1,1- 111 il l!ii- fi .1: ; aui' 1.1 I'll! - '.. Il a I.-. iiiiiLiiiv . Ilii I w " s, im '11 - I hai t. .Ill .\\ ai 1 M-n i!;i:i. ri' ■jlh- iii'i..i|:i.l..ry wmils i-nali i!a- rim.- il ..t r.n;l 1- ,il...ui I" s,,. .,| V <.;./; Ii.il'i; - "Wn im'toi. i i.- " lai! wi- niir- sil.r-. nil .i-hmiil: (rir~i'\is |,y . iiir- pnlli.l ii]) hy a Mill ill the .'.'..m/ l> l'i r urroi in Paul's lliniisi l\ i-s. aiiil i-iiiiiii.ivm« tluni. silvrs \Mlli rill !ii-( l\ < s. li,i\r iiii iiml. r-'.in>I' ill'.'." 1111 ..i-nsc. till 111!, l u'i nr. : lh.it i-, it i- -liipnl ti> athni"! in.,i-'iia' i.m-i!t, \\]-'. ■■■■■ -.■■'!;.■ -la -.lar.l ..!'i. r than "ii: -a il I; .',,;,; .1 .TIJia.TiJ', ll..\\i\ir. (TII'IOIlTir I., al-.i II,!'!. .I'l.l '! I- 'ii'mi I an he ril.aiiui! f.'P I'.iiil liv I.'.,: II .lint; jiiioi.Tn' as a il.i!i\>'. tla- si a:. !i.-.' riinii'ii'-; ..ii ii"'i 'hr lu \t \ i i -<■. aial tla- -•■! '. . •. Ill ill'.; ri -nnii i! li\ i^'. 'jh'i- : "I -I \w .riiM'U.- 111. a-iirinv; mir mK,- |.\ ii'T-iIm-. ,i;iiI i-iiin;iar!!iu n'li- l! I- and i-i ini|>ariiiu mir-il will II. •; I". .1-1 imiiii \ rry sini|ili. u> I it ilii- 1 Ii it In iirn;iiial, lii.v\ l" • :!.at 'h< I'.lliii I'll . •; iii.il . .if( . ;iim1 lli.it lln.- Wire ilriiiM'i'fl lo si-vnrc a siinpliT tfxt. Ilu ipkstiiiii of till- tt'M Is liy no nii'ans an iillf OIH-: tlu' .sinipkr text ntaki'j I'.iiil s.iy llial lu- ni.-:isiiris liiiitscif liy liinisill. tlu- l .nm r ti-xl iii.iIms liiin say that th.it is iiji iiitillivtiiit -- tli.il i> wli.it his nppniunts du. ~ \\ : ' 1 1 . ' ' 1 1 - . h, I s . •ir.iiilv " r.nl tlii- hImU 1 - ~ii -I"' !■ 'lis I mill 11 1 \ I 1 1 1,1 \ 1- luiH nil nil II 1- ii.i.li"'.; I- ihi- I iiiii; ii i| \\ I n ils I 111 Ih ,1 ih'Y .! I. r<-iH"i-. li.iniAi-r. Is tiiiiri' .-i|ip.irint 1, tnr, in tlu- tiiriiii r cisr. I'aiil ilU'.isiirnin Ills .-irln.il silt li\ Ins \i\ '111 -. It ti . w hii 11 hi' 1- i'. '-n 'I ' 'la i; I . , , ' II..: a : but THKY. mfasurin); thcm.iclvcs by themselves, and (.omparin^ themselves with themselves, are unintelligent. WE, however, ula. ic ■ 1 . A ■ . 1 J. .: \ ; • ■ r 1 - 1,,' . 1 ,' . I'll -.K 1-. will not boast beyond measure, th.ii is. Ill Mind till- inra-nrt- ih.it i- appv 'pi i.ilr fur n-; the iitluTs imast iiniiK-asiir.ilil) , l»-i'atiso tiny liavi- tin nn asiirc nr st^nidard licMiiid tla !II-(1\ I s. Not so dm-s Paul lKi,ast, but according to the measure of the line which God allotted us as a measure, that we should reach as far as you. f^anaf \< ■A in.a-'iriii-j l-nr. ilaii .-i stan.lar.;. nnriil f ( iai \ i I' > , It 1- n-rd lii-i'i' in .1 Kril li u .1 s this rk ih .Ii..iiid III. .-\a'i iT- ■■ lin, •■ k.'p:, liv IM.-.I. MI- - pi. pal. .1 I \ t r 171. ■I'. \ II !l I 'lir-i I V ' s. \\ la 1 .11. i!r\ . 'id . 't nn.!. v-t.a .hn'.; 1:1- thr\ .i-pp. '. r,.- udl t!..t |...ast lu'V-md mir in. .i-ar.' " I lii-. ..U('\. r. .-M il It ui' h '.l ihi' Tois h, fore ot' (Ti I'l'oi iT(, wliii'h. i- pra. tii'.illy ima s^ary, is distiiu lly arfiliiial l!rsid<-, the ^u«i> 8«, :,>■, ap|n.iis 1.1 111 ill iniplwit (-..ntrast with the lirri-rdiiiK ai'To/ which nitisi then he fraiis- latid hy //ii-.v. riic W.-stt-rn text, whith limits ol' tn il all.a ;■ ti'r s|i|urc ol W I \ iiu lv assi'^IU-.l tn I', 1 11. ; ii-i- till- |-'.n'.;lis|i w I II .1 i t I li/alrnii nf till' ( "iciiiil. u-f. (l.ih ii. X. <)i. I Mills stand. ird In- ei iii-riitrd !• . h. u . .fU di .III- u illnii this liiinl h.' w . t.i ...i -t. ,11 II ast '■ 111 tin- I ail il " . Il \\a- III I "jnii ii ai i.| Ills ih'.iiir i-.iiii- inii--'.'ii t'l til. ti.ntiU's lu' had iimu- ,1- iir as C'.'intli lyM*; .Tiul this v«ry Miiiiinis^inn. lir.i.id as the wnrld. was hound t.i I any hiin fiirtlu r still ( ver lf>> 14. P.iiil h.is a di\ine riyht tn he in riifinth: III pri aeh then-, as it is heathen ur.iiiiid, is part nf his 'liiu-" For we are not stretching ourselves beyond (our bounds), as wo siv^'M 1.. .l.-i'-.-i if our sphere did not reach 1 Ii' "a- it u. ware nnt reaoliini;"! unto you h, ni .ini.nn- in l,( thai it did extend tints t.ir - for came [''ifiy^' is used almost in its v.-r. we tnodern Greek sense of arrive, not in the I'H. XJ II rOlUXTfllAXS. m 15 Not lioastniK' "i' with.. tit riir ni.tii'i lnir i<( t!iiti(i> iii.itU- n-.u!) i.. t.iir nU'M-nr.', tiuit K. "i .tli.r 111 1- l..li.iir«: It.iml. Iput li.ivinw lni|n. uii.ii \"i:r la;';; in-i |- I'm ho tli.tt ul. ii.jli, !ii hiiu v;l"ry I'll. I-.. I. ill, it wi- -hill 1.. I iii.it' 1. 1 ly J..M 111 'Air l...ri! ;K-i'..iihtnj li. iiiir ti;K ^il 'iii.l.itill;. . i -i l ..r ii- i \w t'1.1' ..•mm. "I. mi Imii- i'> li. priMi li till' 1;. 1 ; i t ■ i.'^.'. io -rlt I- .i|>])r. .M il, l.iit «!i.'!ii tl'..' I.' til I'.itii- ln\Miiil ymi. iiiiil 11.. I ti> b.'i»l III iiiiutlu T ! iiic ti.l.'tli. cl.i^-ic.il -iTi-f lif ,ii;i..tf,i!,-\ as far as you .It Ci'titith, in tlu |.r 1 1.1111...;. til ..1 the gospel of Christ. 15. lb. I ; <• t'l.'U^ln ..f \' T l.t. will. Il u.l^ ml. 1 1 ii[i:i . I l-> tile |Mi riiilu', ,i' \< r 1 j, i> n -11111. .1. .iii'l till- lull. ..lui-i. .r) v\..:.U .1'. li'.c -.iiiif - - ■ 111 .t liua-lKii; l.is.i.'l i..!;ii If.;-;;.." 'I!;, p. lillt tlliTf' .1 i ..- 1! 1 \ < - ' ' ' ' I'l;! M K^itivi'lv. lluii'ii, ;-•• ■! 1.1 ■.\"rk .I' ll! Ill till' -j.!;. ri' .i--;L:ni.l i 1111 u.iik ;iiii..iil: liir ti. n;r.-. Ii. r.' l!:. |. I I- lli.i' It i- i; \'...rk li. !..i,i-i- "l. ii"t ( li.M- iii> . ipii. .in lit - I .1 u.'ik i!..nr I'v i.ih. r .;;. n S'.mi. > wi ll n ni.irk- ili.it '1;.' .11 1 .iiiRi 11H lit li\ ttliiili r.TiI u.i- !.. \\..tk .iiii..ni; tin- li.i;t;!i- " u .! ■■;M\ ii: f 11114. .1 l'> till' .l|i|.c.ll ,ili.'.' ..t I. \s ;i,i''.:- ,it (-■.'i iillll : ll;r -i.ln i'i- ..t lli.' \p..-'.l. ..t II tirlltilo W.i~ lll\.i.Uil li_\ J.'W-; till.- -piiii.' wliiol) St. r.iiil IkiiI I. .r hiiii-ilt l\ ■i\vti I;il..ir». wii-i :ippt"'pria!t'(l l.y t!i. -, vvli'i ii;u! II. 1 "iniiiii.il i-knui ti> it " r;i;t .'i iiiipi !I. .1 !;iiii 1.1 \iii.li..i!i IriiK.li. .III.! he • i' ■. ^ . H .ill II . I I . •;:•■.!•-■ '. II. kii. .« ;:;..• h. i~ tli.- >.;;.. t ]■; i,..r ■ iiii;- li~' lii> 11: ^ I. • l! ,;; 'il. v\ '. .il.n 11 ; - i :.. 1 1 . •! .■!■•; 1' r 11- . all. I .1 •■ Milk ll.i - . . II i l . 111 .| :»ll .! v;, w - I \ • I r. :| 1! - \v ■ •! k t.i"l:i r ti. ii ill . ;l 1 ^ r.u 1- 1 .| If.! '!:.;! ' ■ 1 . \\'. ' I- >!••!.< w !. ;1 li> . . I . ..; .1 ..I ;■; . ;, ki ;., I . il .ri. -il. ■;;■.', ' ' ' .!• •iir 1.1 I. .t t 1 I ( . .1 1 ; . ■ , ; ■ .\ i • '! Jiiiini.iii ii\ J I , but let him th.it boasteth boast in the Lord (.-'..' / . ./ pri'l' iMv I .■ ,1- III 11 r . r.i'.ki r !li.in rl.lllll, la u.'ri.l li 1.1 ki...'. '•\ 1- Il 1 I liiri'Vi'i: ; 1 1 : ! I ' . - Jir. r.i'.I; ( liri ' l'\ir. as for the man who com- mends himself. Ill- 1 ipi'. 'Ill II' - ;ifi i! iiiv, I \ 1 r. ij) HE itMiKHi is not rlir in..ii who 1- approved m thr -mlu .i i.. .1. but it is he whom the Lord commends. the tr.i'.:. 'I r.ini'^ iiii--i. 'twrv oari'iT w.i- th.it !.;- -li.p- Urn- il'ii;m'il l.i. tni'-. Jr'.>. '-'1 i ' - ■ I < i. I'i> 111 < l.ikilK'iii- I. Hi' , . ■'.! tl ■■ ii;ll\ ill -1 'if him-. It .1- not boasting beyond measure, in other men's labors, having hope, that, as your faith ;;rows, we may through you attain to ■ : ■ greatness 1; . ; 1 . ..'^^i In ,il \wi: k. ac- cordance with our i'Nii i!', , ' ; ;■ i 1 line { >.iii ur \ i ,!■ ] ,' , • , , ,f ■. . ,1 :.. ■ . ! unto ■j'i'iii '- abundance, so as to bring the gospel . .1 1 into the regions beyond you. instead of boasting, m m, ".t - ;iri- .1' I'..', in ,',1, i . ' - another man's line, of things ready to hand. l'i;;I ih.l tin- pnmi i-r w i k. .I'iil llu-y t".'k lIi" . r. .|tt |..r It. r.'ini - |iriiiiipU- Is Id i;.. uli.ri' i';.' K"- pil ll.i-i Mill yd lifvii priurlli'.l Mr IkK iircn .•f f;ir a-i O.riiith. luit In- h..pr ;i!iil iniiiitioii art- ttlliiiKitrlv i.. i;.. in Sp.iiti I Uo'ii \v. .'.} I ; it will ilrpiiiil upon the ( "oriiiihi:m» (fj-iV''') ami upon the pri'urc-s lit ihrir faith, when lir will hr ahli- to 111 tin I'.ir wr-f. .111. I a.li;i\.' !;;- vn-at vxaii- •.' how . ..■;lv I'.iiil I llii ill-,' ;--i..|| 1)1 I. . t!;r 111' li.ii iiij; hiilii.iiil iin.ii;itia • liri^rr :i-|iii'- iif 1 1 '. ..1 f in \ 1 r tar ■ k ■.' ' ii.ii -iipp. irt I I • 1 1 : 1- rh.ir.i.'ttT ■ 1 . Ii.iil. ii.iil 111 lii'iik . .1 hi- ll .'iirn 1! 17. 18. Ihr w..r.| with L:ri',i' l'r.-.|i;.'ii.'\ 'hr ■.';■.:!;. .i;' I'li- -, ,■ lioii. It ha- hi 1 11 I'.'ti-ii! lip.. 11 r.ril hy the i-h:illi'i|./i' ot hi- .i|.poii. iit- h>it oil.'.- !;.' h:i- taken the word up, lir ii-cs it fi.'arli'--l\ . ami shows its relative justification. They have It 1 - mlcri -'111',' to n i - . .11 ri. •! 1. ' « ai •! I'l i .1 '•I. ..i • T |M ! •• ill..! .III. i'l • ■ki. ;;.;!:!- aii.l l' ■ ni..- ' ;■ '11- l.i I 17 It i.is t..ii-k";- .It'll nil l''..!ll hi- niiii.l. .ii 'l r ; •1.1 iii-p;o. ■],.,■ ,1, ;:iil a'lliioritN h.r,.' !■ (li'ini-i-. h. 1- 1. .1 i -i.iil in lit'i'. w' iiti i- |i. pi. ii ii tki I.' -pi 1 "f Chr;-* He k.,- ati ■ . ru h, liiiini.; -. i\-i- "t liciir-' .!iM!u l\ I'.illi il •.. ih.it wrk Ids .ri'liotil. k.i- I'l 111 I'l ill! rr. il iipiiii him by r.i Other th;;!i t!i. l.o!.! 1 Inn-- It liv ha- a iliviiK'ly .ipp..;m. il ■• Imr " Ihit tl;i- line noes ont tliri ijiahoiit iki' w h..li' worM It strrti-hr- t.) t'..riiitli. to Koiiii'. to .>sp.iiii He Ii:i- :i \ 1-1. II ot .1 Cliriii'ian VMirM. and his Sdiil i;lo\\ - .It till- ooii'rnipkitioii ni it. When the C'oriniln.in f.iith is ni.itiire fiioiiilh Uir am! tlulr oln-ilnnci' com- I'lili- ivir M hf will In- free to iiirn to lh.- .h-.allt !;:a!- a? ,hv Wl-tlTll fl:-! of 'hc • iri'Jit Si ,1, ilirre to pnu kiiiii 'iir i;i.-pi-l of hi- 1.1 >ri! Only then will h.' .ii-huvc Iiis trill- i;rr;itm-- — ttnatiic-s in ih,- strvice ■ I '';■■ l...ri| .iml ilu- Ko-pi-1 wlieii he has c.irruil thr nood news to the regions be- jVoiul Greece ( ver. 15). \m II CORINTHIANS. [Cu. XI CH.M'TER II. I W oi XD to (ioil )t 40ul«l bear with mc ;i hitli III my f'llly : anil iiuliffi iH-ar with mc. , „ J l-Or I am jvaloiis i»v»T you with Kfxlly iraliMi^x fur I liavi- ivpoitsfd ><>ii to on< iiil»l>aiiil. lUat I may )iri>clit JVM <».« n ilia>tc virKin i" I'liri"*!. J Rut I fear, lot by any iiican», art the «rr|K'nt Ih-kiiiU-iI Eve through his »ub lilty, your mimh should be corru|iti'tl iriiiii ilii' >Mn|)lu'iiy that i't in Chri>i 4 I'lir if lif that lonu'th pr«'ach« th an othiT J^'su^, «honi wc have not pn-.n hi il, or if \i- rcooivf aiiotluT -iunt, vvhuh \i liavi- not rrcoiMHl, or another Kospvl, wluch >( have 11"! accepted, ye miKnt well bear w It!) Iiim. .luilh'iitx i.\ Pill- l-i Ihs I ftir Thai llu- Coriiuhi.iii I ,d, lity .l/.O' Cor- lutti d /'.v Ills (>tt"nt'»!i (XI. 1 -til III . .1 iiithi.i!i> to f'Ui.it.' It ju - liii- in.ilWi \ \ inchi'.il ii'ii li' iiMl" irt.nK'r, I., lie I a .,-k- ill.' ( li'lli' l.>ir.:ir. .i t..i!, .1 ~, ll oi iln Kf.iM^t inii«iit.nKT, Oh that you would bear with me in a little more oi lhi> I" M-lini.;. lo whii'li I li.i\f l«'fn rt'- liui.miK |. I.. 1 .mil wliuli may well be lail.d folly. But 1 ilo not noil tluis to intnat yon: 1 li.ivr a!t>aily liaij fN|HTitnco of Miiir iiuliili;iiicc, you DO ( > bear with me. I his Mi-m> hi tli r tlian to take ai'«X«<"'« .1, iiniurUtiM- ; "nay. ht.ir with nil-" AfliT \\u- Ht'lr I..U.I1 (if li.inllT ( n.,VoiT' I . 'iic o!il (Miiu^tiii^- i> re-iiini il. N-iImiK l<-- 1- at >t,iki- than tlic tidi'hty of ihf I onntlii.iii- to tli> ir liitrolh.il \o\vs. « lu ri . I /'ijii/j lu'Iihii-ss ill .tssi-rtiiii: His .I/>.»j/<>/iV ' himself, and the aclize of the f.ither or ' the bridvMnian 1 you to on* man, to prcMnt tyou) as a pure virgin to Chriat at lli<< connnn. The inarriaKe takes place »ht nj{ to .mil lif f.iiilit'il Ml ■■II,- num. llie lull Im> III ilh ( ■onnllnaiis is ilr.iwii I'll to ,11], ill, -I jr-ii- (\ii 4) (Mil I I sl.iliunt lolli-iplioii (if. Ilo-ii'.-i i 1)1 1 - I till- rrl.ltloll liilUirll lillii .lh .lll'l aril lie l-r.ul a- ,1 ^ve^l(lill^; Ixnul is lure tr.iiis liMnl to the relation between Christ and :ln- eliiiii'li. 3. I Ills was l':uirs hope .iiiil iiie.il that llir Chiireh woiilil he presented /■«'<■ to Christ. But now, however, he is afraid that she, like K^e (lien. ili. I niay he se- duced, rile same diaholic tendencies are in the world now as tlien. Then Satan came in the form 01 a serpent (in Kev. xii. 0. x\. J the SI rpi iit and the ilevil or I, 3. Paul has lieen forenl, len^e of liis oppoiunl-. ml ' . w li:i h i- !" liMn ili-l.isii lul. mil 1 iiim m.il • Inin. lio« e\ er in.i\ r 111 u !■ ' I'l- ii|ipi iliellls llii, 1 .1 1 II I- null 1 d 111 ees>,ir> -irilas ll ill pn i-.itiiiv;l> as /.■//'.\. |i> the clial- 11 ,iri;iiiiu nt ' l'> l!.i,i-.uii^ i I'lmm :ii.il 1 ( \, I'l I ; hut 111 ■iiiil .1 , Is Christ church i^rooin' t.. 111. of ill. ]iiM r X tlieiv;- .1! lV':.r- ' Ili ill .l.iiiu. I ii.JiMis f. .spued |i> Jtill.'USV 1 e.iiise I he 111. little . iMe Ihe lilli ll r. Imn ro. '111. the ( ' I'.iiil |s 111' \\ '10 ll.i^ e»po:!-i d rid 1;.' h.i- .ill III. .Ill liiiii~. If 111 pr. si rv 1.1 i.li . ll,. III. ii~l\ . .nil l.ri.l. rtiillii.iil liride- tlie one iii'.i e~t 11m the I liese S.iian are i.l ihr..ii>.;h Paul's ! e. iiiip.irisoii Willi i I ll 111 i~ til.' tir~l 1 1 : .1:1.1 111 «. n!' '1 III \' V J lest perchance. Eve in his craftiness, should be corrupted mnl Mill.' Ml ■ 111. I t'l.l.htv i.f ,ne !'. Ill;" sell. ■|. ]....]. HI- . Ihe ( il l.eiii^ s..liiiid. .iiid I'anl Is he-- li 'tii'l «illi .( ii.il.i.isy in- (ioil lliin-ilf. uliat he ealls a 1/ (,,../. s.. ealled also partly be- hoiior of (,',.(/ js at slake. It is itfair of his own that le.ids P.ml I now In- w..rks I- . 1pp. .lU llI s. I lit- is li..pp> . Ill r II iiipla i.;r..U ii'iiipi.ii ll .11 (111 iii'li li.i- I'll 11 r.'iT.- , ij. .'1/ I am afraid as the serpent deceived your thoughts . . i!i\ . ri. .1 from r int.. hi- mipetiioiis \iniiication of himself; it IS not a personal, htit a i/i."i»i<" iealoii-y — and that is wliv he asks them to hear with him. For I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy: for I " middle, as here Greek fjeiierally uset betrothed (the ilPfioadpirif, is in classical the simplicity that is set on Christ .md on lliin .il.iiie lie Is tin .''I.- 111,111 ( M r. J>. siiiiplieily of ;itl'eetio|i eaii li.iM lull one ohjeet. .\fler simtiuity. Wi-Iintl and Hurt, followiiii; soiiie MSS .add (in brackets) *ai r^t o-^votiitoj. aii,i I'unly. ll 1- pos-ihli, hiiwe\er. that tiiis is an addi- tion, explaii.itiiry of the word siinf'luily. and siivjiiested liy the word fm,- ahove. 4. I'.iul has ei.oil re.is.iii t.> he afraid that the fidelity "t ili. ( '• .niil lii.if- 111, ly he e.irril|ile'! . I. .1 ! ■ -. . - : li. m " cli 1 ..1 mi;, if not wi'l.-.iiiiini;. ilu' men \\li..-e t^o-pel is \erv ililTei. n! ir.nii his ..uii I hese op- pi ill. Ills of 111- ;ire intruder-, lin y t iiH wc have hetn thor- hind the viry chief c«t ap<>Mle». jotiKhly matlr manifrst anmnK ymi in alt l> Riit though / />!• Tw\v m »p\ir .ik; iiti«t I'liil. Ii iulmi: .ilitl .iu< nl r.iluiL; tin- . I'li.i- III \\\> iiUIl pi r^lll. ' •»'\N>ielOf iii.iy tile. Ill " any I'.ni' that cimu's, " Imt llu re ;ilin(i-t Mi'MK to I>c somvthiiiK Mmi-"Uu-i.il alioitt the |>iir:i>ic, " hf that i» fonniii;." ilc (or (/ii\v. as the case may Ih.*) |>r<>- clainifd fliii>i/iiT Ji-siis ; nut another t'linsi or .M»"isiali,— lor to thi ni a- In Paul. Ji -ii< tlio Mi'-'iah — ln!t anoilicr coin-iiitu>n <.t not tlic crnoitifil Savior, whom I'.iul I'll .iiiitil (I C'or. ii. Jl I liry tuay Iia.i' I.ii.l --irf-' on tlu ir iMrtlil\ i-omu clioii wuli Jf^iN, on kno\vin>; him "ao'TiliiiK !" till' llch." It i-i not a harr I"i^m!'iIi!> lli.it I'.uil con1i'in|iI.it iii:^' — " ii lu- :■.■>.• t.i fi^ihll .ill"!lur _l( -!!-, \'iM ,\ |(,,y lir.ir Willi I'MM " — I! I- a t.u : ; ihr ( .r. • k " tic ri > ■•'Mti'- I llat 111!' rp! 1 l.ltl' -II — " llr « h" 11 •till ih !..■ priaclnnu " iawijj«ii. Ain'M i r laWuti ji ~iis mi-aii' a ililTin-nt i«rf|ii)i i v:"~|" ' .iiu! a (hlTi Ti :il ^|>irit. I'aiil''- ki i<.'\ .iniT i~ liiat tlif C' •niitliiiiii- loliT.ilr urh pI'M^itK- all tills '■t!l>\ tT-ii '11 I'f till- C '^i" !. \vliil< 111- v-l.o foiiiiilicl tin- cluirch .iii'l Kavf tliriu liu' triK' K"-li'.l. lliii^ i»ii' 'it'iiiir tlu-m to ilu- oiif man l.'liri'. lie i'\|iri-MS l!im--i-lf ironically: "\iui put up splrniliilly, IH'''/.V (^.l\a•^) \m;!i ^ . h i tnall anil sncli a mc-vai; " For if the ' new i comer preaches another Jesus whom we did not preach, or ye receive a different spirit from that which ye received it 1 ; ■ -111. or a different gospel from that which you volniUai-ilv (tiui^ i- iC'f .1- • ■-■:!-■ 1 ■! fri'iii i\dfifTf) accepted f m '1,1 a! >"iir iMiu 1 r-ion. you grandly bear «itli '-lu-li a mail a 1 ^iicli ;i in. --ayt ' t I ii'ilir . ii"t iinpiT, I i> 111 111' pu - f( mil to ai't hitwccn their gospel and Paul's, cf. (ial. i. 5. 6. ".\nd if." Paul implies, "you hear so nohly with ihetn, why not with nie?" For I count myself to be in no respect inferior to these pre-eminent apostles of yriir'i!' Who are these? Ilarillv I'edr. Janii - anil John. Paul ci rtamlv refers ut them in a very indepenileiil u u in ' ■ il ii. 6, 0: and as their nanus u i::M It fn- Quenfly upon the lips of the Jmlai/ers at Corintti, some | lit i iiiirse TiiiiiiMlly or ilisie- ,speetti.ll> I'.iiil woiiM ,inip|\ I.e (■w-.int; h.iek upon the Jiiil.ii/ers their owii t'"'t phrase, lliit any reference to these apos. lies woulil he somewli,it irrelev.itit in llu* eimievt II is niore proIi.iMy the leader* of the J i'l ii/uiK party tliemsit\es to wliom ' i'.nil ironiiMlIy rrti rs as the siiperemment ,ipos!li s, th, s.uiti till n .IS are in \er. l.t ti niiill> i-.ilKil l,il-r apostles. Me may IK'rli,i(>s lie iiiii ri"r t" tlm-r tiiin in orator , u'.il ilexi' i--; lull wlii ir tin- i.''--" l is enri I mieil. tli.isi thiiikis 1-1. mil liT iiiitliiiiL' tlllni,' ll-.lt ri'llllt- 1 / r ,-4 /. '/ t!''' 'i 1.'.'! .ii;i| 01 1.1. -.i\ n^' w'.n • in t liri-l ; .tmi 'Ins |,e I;. is I- 1! .■iMlll'l ir' K pl.i 11 I h.i! lu- I I - -r., "I ,1111 lU'l ,1 u 1' i ' !;iii'l til '-e tine ap'--- lies lit \i>urs; but though I am unskilled I iT>iwr»/f. ;i l.iyin.iii. wi'li no protessiun.il kiuuv li-i!i:e lit till- lliini; iiiuIit iliseiissiiin i in speech, yet I am not in knowledge; nay in every respect I have made (that) plain in my relations with («°t) you - nut " yon ■■ It tr warri and •'»• 'rdffcr are iiiitll nriijin.il (llu y in.i> he ihlplliales ) the first Would Im- lu 111 .iinl the s, e sunplii ii', ; ni till- 1- i-r. 't I-- r.rti wli.i li.is in.ule liiiii.\,-if (il.iiii. inti ' lii;ili|i-, in .ill ' rrl.i tu'iis In tlii- 1 '. irnnlii.m-. I-.l'-i|ii'i is ti ■ pr.'.it I'i .-iiKi-'U -hip : .if nitinili l\ more iin pi'rt.inci- Is kin n\ ledne, the kiu i\\ lt-d'.je of il,-tuini f F>»m the C'>ri>itliiii>is ( 7-13 t. Paul el.iiiii- 111 111 11.1 uMt infi ri'T !.i his " .ipiistiilu- ■■ i.ppiiiii iii- it he ii,i- 11"' the rlirl"riral -kill ili. \ |;:i\i . t'l.it i- "t no I'l in-i-i |iii ni-i- ■ ihi- 'lnii'^ 'li.i' ni il'i-r- is knii«lrd^i . .rid ■' It i'l- !: , . lint, hi- "P Iiiimni- fitiiit. I' l ;1 1 11 hi- no trif ;i|»i- tle, however Iil.uisihle Ins elainis . In- li;is refused to accept maintenance from the 196 H C'OHIXTIIIAXS. II u. XI 7 ll.m- I i-iitiiiiiii!i il .11) .irft i i t in .il :i« lin tlirrii nliich c:itv from Maci ilntiia -iiip iiiW im^ill lli.il M i!iii;lit . \.i!t' 'I. Ii l>lu(l: aiut lii tliim!« I ki pt in>>.vlf i.in~> I li.iM- iiri.iiliiil ti. V. 1 till' (:.'-imI of i ir>'m In linrilt ti-i'in- iiiiIm \><-t. atul mo •'■ H I r'l.liiil i.tluT iliiiri-tu lakiliK waKi'l lo \v ilu- irr'li .t ( i. m mi. tfi I) \ll.l u'.ll I I'l- '111 With I Ti i'|..|l< "f aii.l w.inl..|. I u.i- ih.irvr .Mr In Il>> man: I II Wln r. f.-r. - l.i. m-i- 1 l..\c iwt? I'lr that wlii.li ta' I.iuv: t" "U' tlx' i ' i- nI kii"W i tli. ('•.mtlii.m . .iiiil I A '.Mi-al. tii.y .ip- , i vtT. i.'i f"r in'l .i. ■ ■ p' iPu; .iii . tliifi; tr^iii p.iiitill> ar-!Uil. ! I"'!! imp"-- ; llictn. hi |).irl. In- - ;ppori. .i l.mi-ilf. wUiU- -;]], I.i ,.ii,' I. \ p.. . •! al (.'urilllll. I.\ ui'iUuil; .it Ir.nli «ittl I. .Ill- . I ill > I .nii..i ^1 r nilM ill'- : his ovxti li.unN i \> ( - \\;ii llp.iiuli Im* II. . Me mimI >i| I'.iil, Ir u , ;!> i-\iT\ w 111 If, I i'..itrti rifrip;- 11..111 "'irt' -fiiif tin-i I'll It .'III lu.ii.n.il ami f\t>ril.il. "av'-|i.n' -i ■' ' ' ; ; . I. • . iiliiii; llh' !|. -ti." I'.i'^l tmn-rll lia'I .i.i.l i. - ;n . ; . .m. , .,Ii,,,.U .,1 -..l .11 I (..1 I- . i;r. iijOTMEK churches I plundered, takint; i,,r,., I ■ ! , . ^ .t ••! .m .:!. (want's ! .111 that I might min- tii.imr.iin. .1 l.> ill. r iimiIm - u '1. i -i\i.l; ister 'jnto YOU \M;l'..iit rn-.niipciiM' 1,11' ..11 ..I .-..-L.ti. lu i!m,'li! -tii.u II I' ll 'I'll! rr i» a |"-ili|i il^ « ..|itra-t lirtsvr.ti >;r. l.i vs.miiij iii:!;!. \ii,ip..^!> ll:i- ■ti'h'H .mil \..|( 1 I'ui^'i 1 . .111. 1 !l . I,i;i DM', ilii^ m.i- •'...tu I . I.I r.r;l; lu- ^•■■■.Kr is \iij \ 11;. .r. . li).- i. in : ;1 -i;. -.i ■,,!.! Ills ii;.; ■ ... !i ■ ll : M:.'!- ma 11. .111 l!n' ..li:ir ilmnlus llu- 1 '' : llpp; iii. li.ii.i!- iir-i!,!-. rpn ' ,'i- 'U .1 In ...iiiliii't .ii'.l I'.r i \.iiiii li . uhiili s, , ms ;.. I.irii ;iM!:-.!. ill , f ;>• • ' t' .' !'. -1 mr. in |Mriu r.l.it'ix k<-ii< h-i. i I'hil. i\ 1 - I 1 .is . |. . ■ 1 .;; ■ !.i' M .11 . \ ,m . 1 . '.. s ■ ,i 1 .iH , w . ; i- 7. Or (1k1 I commit a sin l;r ir..ii 'ij i..r. i 11 ji I'.i , ili i.uiiii,. ,is , in luinil)linL; n.ystlf in order )...'•.', />• ui.i- . 1 .;, that YOU '•■'■I might be -pintn.iil.v ~i tmh ut \ .n 1. li,. ii. .m .u . .il . i p. nil exalted, ir.'. ./ mit "i tin ih >;ia>l.itiiin nf \ii-vv it is miii|i|_\ liis w.im s ip.r oywuof l.i y.'.ir I . n u.i\s int.. llu- Mi-ssi ,ltii-ss i-f. 1 C'"r, i\. 71 lu (.■■niuli. .i» the si- i,i 11 : 1.1, in that I preached to you <|i:il sh,,n,i|, tin- mi.si si rupnliiiis Cin- the Kospel of God for nothing? In nni-t l.i- liImh t.' niw 11. . i.iiinsi, .mil I'.iiil rrirtie^f ( ,;/',j.i !(■•.,• ni.\ -t ll ) pri li.ips wi- lu ,ir I \M '! ilil I't Jlli' K ss i xpusul |ii ri prii.icli, ll ■l-ll.l aiiii.il iii,irv;r 111. uli' Lv aiiiptiil tHitliiiii; liiiin till' Ciinmlii.itis liN <.p|Miiii 111 ..\!i.. ir,.iy li.ivr lui|iuii!l> Imp liis i.\ .iii..^i iu'.il --itmi-i s. aiul 111 \.in..-'- >-..n!in-;!iitls .-ipplml tin- . g-li. \\!' .Ir\rr I'.i!;! ti.'.'K It. .111 ..ilu r i-p.! ' :i ; r I nil '1 . 1,1m I . I. \. 1 I ; •'. ■ ap. .s ■ I i'li;:i rl;i s, |i< ii, ., . r ■ ; m.i.lr liim-. !i .1 ill !,. ' .1 . ,,, ii;.,',:i p:!;tiil lillw. .-i ; I in . l 11 L. liu' i And when I ,,,\\,,ii|. Ill ll. iiu ll llirsi'l i;i liiiir .it .iii> Ii:;u felt want 1 1 i r. , ■ IMS, atul .-Miu-liisivi ly i>t..\i.| lli.il 111' >\,cs I- :, in u,,,; 1 during my stay • ,■■ 11,1 .-ip .-!!, . I v pri.i. iiim; 1' r 11. .'h M- jiri pu . amons you 1 never made iny- ( i*!,^.,)! II 1 . ; i'., :- !;i ii;i;'i 1)1 .1 In iln-iself a benumbing burden to anybody, full ,111,1 -.liiim I'lIir.-iM ■■ i!'.!' U'isIkI . h.miI'^' .i;.iii s.inn.--. i.rp.i., ,,,,,/ It 1- mi; till •■iitlur" i.il-r i;.'-pil "t.i ju- liki ,1 stni xniyi:; i.ii." .■il.iiir .uii.llui !<-:!- that /,r pn.i.his 1 \ .r. ' ji i"iin' Pi In .1 ( ilui.m u..iil For the .J I I'l - ..'l:-'. -! tlijit !l u.i- pi r';,ips a brethren - - pii.l... I !> ."s;!,!- .m.i I im Mil t" p!i:i-!i til _'i>s]hI "I t!'f v^i iii' "I "hi! i..id st,,_\,,l .It iliii.ia ( \.ls wn \^^ (ioil fur ii.'iln'i'j, I'aiil i- !>iiic ihi- Ian- .mil altiTu.ir.U rcKHiuii :1 .ii 1 i.-ii iin.im ..I liiiir it..iiy: if. \ii. l.i. ului - i .\it.s win. 51 --when they came from til. alii!-ion i< till " saiiu- -'■ fiititivi- nii- llio pour, luit k< nt rniis t mh. j 1 i liiirclu s nf ihi. ;i)..;/i:." I'.uil smiis ll. lia\i- l.i-iti Macedonia, brought a further itpou :h 11, 1...... 1 . ,1. i-rmi^. supply for my want 1 t'iir»<>>!u.3 t>fhi>i- .i.nstrnclii.n ..I his K'Hi-n isitv. Tin- fri-c iartpriDiif ] , And. :!il)|>lu-il as I tliiis wa-i Kr.icc iif (imi 1- must vliM|neiitly priKrlainnd from oilii-r s,.uri'i-s. in every respect I liv till- prt'achiT who illiistraiis it in hi.s kept myself iltiniiy my stay at Curmt!) invii cundiict. from being a burden to you, and in I'l. 8. l'ai:t li.iil tlu' ri>;lit. as an apns-li. t.> fntnn I will 1 so 1 keep myself. llu n .1 ni.iintenaiKf irniii thf C'urintliiatis. llfhail sun for this dclirintiKil oiiirsi- Paul will a reason, however, which he ^ives below soon state (ver. li), but the fact itself II < OIMNTIII.WS, IU7 I J llilt w lmt I . tliat I «!!| il.t. lii.i' I iii.iv t ilt I'tt i>t'i ,4-ii>ii tiiini tluiii uli tii til -in (H-iM-ii 'ii . lli.it «|-,irii!i ^l-Ti. '. \ iii.n In- li 'niiil < A • II .i - » . I ; I .'.r -• . !: / , I , ■ . .1. . u iKif^. tr.iii>i"rmiti>; ituiiiMlvi- iiii.> t!- ■ t \tii! ti" tti.ir\.l: t..r Si'.itt Intn-ilf 1- tr. 111-!. •! lilt .1 ■ir.i III llivtl ,.| ln;lir I ; I it. I. • . 1. . i^i. :• ili.tn: II |it« niMi-ii fx .I'-.t !, •r.i!' -I, :f ^'.t i| ., . r..- iitni . r ri •<■ , . ■ !:,.., , !, 1 .!,.,!; I,,- 1, , tit'lifi; !•• t!.. ir iv.rk^ -.t iiii|it.t!.iiit tlMt 111 It I" .r - ■• III .1 ; iiii lii.il iiiM-t- II .iliiii'-: \\ III |..t - I ti'iiiirv ..( .Ill . .itti The truth of Christ li in me, .t:.'l ' \ i!i ■ 1 . i . i . !.% i: -..It iiiiiU .,-if that, so far as I am con- cerned, this boaiit • i mi! t I pr-.. .t .iii't"n-Iv shall not be silenced il l ■■...11 II.. I I...-., |!.,r ill.. If- •• I • •' » •>•'•». I t -iij. .. •• . |.. • ■ Mii .i. in the rcKixns of Achaea; I ■ : I !,■•;. . I ■ •riiith u ,. f, i , i.-'i. . ■ ■ i-i;!;. It ti u ii. 'If |.r. • 'I 1 ' A •■ Ii/.': I-' ( In ./ I- I!) f ! - ■ !!• - .II I Iii.i. !■ u nil l'.,. t:: ' t ■ . t .1 ' ■ ( i;ri-;i.iii |it i -"1m I i I \ . .in.! .in i' -]'lii'l «ifi 111 , ill-. .lull .. iti- 11 ! • -i:,. ■ riu .in. I • nillil'iiliii III. i. 17 tt .. li:-- K'n 1- rrii.tn -lit.\\- i.itii. • .■.••.■\ .!• •.. riiiii;. 1 \\ :i- I '.1' 1 - r. -■ .Iv! ■. -ii t . i,,! ■ t mi; I'rtiiii '.III- C • .1 iiitiii.iii - I !.■ l:-. -" i. li-'M.-tij ,1111. .11;; ih.tn iini:lil ^^.ll |. • 1 ..t itii.'t i| ,ir iliis niit^.il i.i I t h, IikI Itv III!, .itltl Why? ini-.-lit II •t il :i :i;i;i;i .1 I.i. k ni I. ., I r '' till ^. '>k. I- it because I do net love you? fi i',itiil.\ ii.ti; f'lr God knows f ,ll I ,,' I. At I..I1, 12. \l 1,;-' II . ft ,il r.-.i-.tii f-r rii;!^ rt |ii-,il t .)■ -nin" .1 ! 11 . .Ill f . t ' .1 ■ I.' ' 11; ■ 1^ 11. w iii\ru. Now what I do : !in-t ii i-.,i,. ■ ,!, ■•,!• ! ■, - , ., r. • 1 1 , I will also ■ ■ . till ; ' ■ 1. ; - ■, tii.1t I may cut oti this , ■' .r occ.iMtin (rom th.,;,c who desire .111 occasion 01 bein^ found, m the mat- ter whereof they boast, on a level with US. 1 I,.-' ■. iiiciii i- 11 1- It. t II 1 . .1-' I " .| lihl ;i,'! r|i! 1 !. .1 111 .1 mill! It mil- i.| u ,n hill ilif -iiii|.li -I -t 1 iiiv III !.,' till-. I III- - i.'it! ica i> ii.it cti-t,riliii;ili. wiili tlii- lir-' , it iltuN nut tlirrrli.rt' » vpri >- tin- 111. .iiv.- t'l.r ill.' .ictioii lit tin- |iriiii-i|>.tl i-I;iii-i- " I lii-. I will roiitiiuif t"' d" in cir.l.r ili.it tin y ni.iy In- foiitiil i-vtn ;i> wi-" tli.ii 1-. ll.ii r.-iul's i.ptmii. iii- in;i\ In- rr.lin-i il t.. f f IltiT.'lI llff. ..| l.'i . I'.!!!;. I .1 II. ..'i:'!.: !lu-ri' w;i- lii'li liki II' ..i ..f i: ,ii K.I'!:' I- i- the -in-- '1.1 'I " ili-iH ii.lr:it ii'i till- 'Iirt i' \Mir.N |i'. r. t|;n._' .'in. I r\pl,iii.il. -rv nt llii tii. .■\|iri--i;:L' nli.it Ih,- .rf''t'' t tl.-iriii Ihi ir ili-irr W.I- tli.il. '■ m tbf 'iiiit'. r nl ttliicli tlifv l)««i-tcil." that i». tit.- .Ti«.-tU- shi|>, they should be on ter.ns of e«iti.ility »: I. f > -1 I . t . " .ir-t- ''i 1" - .'.I f . *. i'.i-:l -■: '1/1 r. ;. I, \ i. . .. t. ■i.i'i 11 t '' n ' ■ 1 . I . ':i, 1 1:. Vi'T siuli men. i. - I-'!. :;: .'i- . !mi ,. t. •• I'lil . ;ti-!i .! 1 nii-M, .1 J mil lit. . .;■ -i-'i. t .1. -. . - I , |. . ] ' y .lie >i. t l-'ALSK at)ostle-», ir , ;.. 1 ■ - ■ .-..i . .1 f.. crafty workers. \ 1: .!, ' ' 'it II til.- .11 • . W ' I •;:■.' lllll III - . ■ l-t I. ui'!. I .-. |.'. ' transforming themselves into apostles of Christ. 1 1 ■ \ u. If 11 ft - . .| II-. f . 1 ..I . . 1 , ,!K r\..: '- ft v .'.I'l . I--' ... -k •fill. .:•.! I'l. V t: , -. , f. . ■ ,• ■ , ■ . , 1 !ik.- li- And no wonder, for Satan Him- self, -. . . I .;- 1 1. ' - ■ . transforms himself into an an-cl of linht. ti...| f : I ■ I'l--.!- . 1 . ' I 111 'i j' ■ • . i - ■ . : r I i . 1 I •-. 1- l-j'-t . ,-| \ ' V! • I • . 1- I. 1 . Ill---' • . ■ -. ; : •: ! :!,.. .,, '!l^, -r ,. II . . ■ . - , . , ..... .^ ^^;,|, t| 1 .iii"i-l ••( I'l;! • . !-. t:--. ' I ■ • I Kiiii;- wii |.. iiii; 1:. - ''n- It is noth- ing remarkable, then, "vj. In 1 iil.i-ti-r ill til!- .11' t' ' : ..1.- 1 ; •• - if his servants also transform thcniselve; .iinl ' . . .111. as servants of righteousness. /m.c'.'/.- -H.o't-v.f may lie her.' 11-. . I m tli.' l.tTi:.- .■ili,.,i! an. I r.-li.^iii.i- .| • , u ih.. t rii!l!'" .!'-ii.---. ..f liL'lit. ..I (.0.1, "! t !iri-t. ili.it tlu-y (irittiitl '.1 -, n, , m ■ iliiv. It I- ill.. .•:ii!v,. ..(' iii.t 1.JI..I... ...,sj, -.^^ "1 "l^rkiie-.. <.f S.lt.lIT, t.f t!;, i.i,..h lli.it f it \ -t r\ e I'ii--''.1\. Ii.m. ... r 1; .' f,- .m- i-.-l I'-, (iiii. Ill -.-ii^e I.-. ' f li, r,. i> tini;i '1 u i'li uliit h i( -1. ..It. 11 ! I' I -!, til, rivtlit- '"M-Iit -. ..f (i..i! , K' ,.|. |-| 'nit.sr- who .in- niini-liT- nf th.-i rii'lifri'ii>iu-»>. are the tni" evant;eli-t> riu-c nun are the 1 JS n i -1 m m if 1!>H II COKINTIIIAXS. [C'H. XI Id Mc.iiii l-.t MO 111.111 think iiH' a i; That which I spiak. 1 sju-ak it not f,H,l u ..lii. ruiM , \. t a receive me. | after the Lord, but as it were foolishly, in thai i iiia\ Ihu^i 'nu-rll a hltle. I this contiilem-c of Iioa-tiiitJ. f.iNi . whose end shall be in accordance ' t with their works. I hnr fate will hr >\< -\' tiriiiinei! hv thi ir i-omliu t. I lu y art- j J of tlie cU'. i'h m -.■!! oi h< - lilt- iraii-.loriii.i tioti oi" ni..iMl \:ihKs llsaiali v -i). Maik in jj> in.! ilirir tniiiislinieiit will be a> hi- t.iiiu-- it u:i- :iiiilM; rMT> I Iniii,' III lluir iH.wir to iHiMTt the ehiinli hy the iHovlaiiiatioii of aiioilur Jesiis ami an- other Ko-|.il, ami to <1imt<"1iI the aulliorilv of the man who iia 'otiy nioiu,- tii rifii'-nis ihi' -iipport which in- fMilil i i-tU claim, iiiid tlu-y even tni ii In- iiii-i lli-liii. - into an aryiiim-nl au.iiii-t I ap' 1. -hip. I. ml.' woiiil, r. coii-:,l. 1 It!:.' tl;<' iiil.ir-l- ;it -i.ikc. ih.il I '.!';] m ili' '■<' -' It ! h - ot I 1 - : " I III- mil ;i - : < I - ' ■! S.ilaii, i'.;cllii'i aluii to tin .u>inu- of the i;o-pil i ji -;!- I In If Ji -ii- i- " am 'tlu r J. -u-. tlu ir co-p, l ami ilu n -pirn ari- ihi |, r, lit, It i- tliat cxplaiii- titul to -oiiir cMiiit jii-titii> tlie Mnoroii- Ian i;iiaL;i in which Paul ilescribcs thein and thiir latr. apo till' iTpn -. I !l ,il 1 ,1- "I '.''I 111 --. rininiiiely i !: -i;i;i -i Infill. l'.oi!--i t r.ii-' - ihr t loll w !ii ' In r 1 Voil - .11 1 1; II' ii \\ • rt alti'v oi ,l„rk- aiiui 1- of tmn (pn - -Iioiil; l.inuiiauc and lliT 1 ' I -! llu d " I'l 1- P lilt 1 n hap- wi .1- n.irrow a- I'omni I nil II m ado|.!,d 1 tainlv od niamuT 1 il.irl) iiKi the othri ht to thmk ot 1 doltht. hilt at ,,(■ ihr jii-tii-e \\':;.ii tlu-e ..iiihat the api 111- oppomnts till -;itiie time of their view, pclty siiirils >tle were eer- ami ukIv. lint I'aiils minctitifs' the coiite-l i-< kid In no small p.i--ion. hand i' ti-t in Jii-tice Cfd<> that he had -on ami th.at hi- vieor m tin- 1 eoiitr-t w:i- oiil\ l''o mti I no -.;;iii, li-t a- hitle a> i.iiiio r.i" W 1- own t comlnctitifs' llie coiite-i is sim- Oii i iii- I. .r 111- airji r 1 ,it oi ihr 'J.] 1 .it li.mliK I'.nil t- I .iithi r." I'l r i.i\i- -It 11 ill I'll s, li.id iiiiirh t. ■ in-. '\ ■ iki' him I li li.id ih 'tie tlir h.ird work, .iiid tlie> li.i'l -Irpi'id ill t" ap propri.ite the iimt- o! hi- tahor Ihii it i- iioi I"!- -lull pi 1 -"iial rr,i-"ii- that I'.rii '" - I h' m timii-ti I - oi Satan ; it i- •!i' ir Ml >rk I- a tm-iMi'i- to the I'i , \ . II t'i the iM-ti tire, of the ! 1 Ih \ l:.i\ r no m-iulit mto tlie ,,:i'l roiidnrt "f an aiiostohc iliaii .lid t \ rf. r It ^ h -s into the if I I t '-' I li' ritipha-i- w hirli lhr\ hill lire. |iitt il \ *;o-l" mil"! hkr ii.iml laid upon iMiiiial- lef. \ef ) wa- al The .l/'i>i//.-'.v Bi'iist (.\i. i(>-J3i. The apostle recoils from the necessity ( xii. Ill which has been tlinist upon hiin hy Ins opponents, of defenilinj; his claims to he an a|)ostle. It iiuoivis bo.isiniK. ami this I'aiil naturally shrtnks ironi. It is t'ollv i\\ 1. 171. it i- ^'"■|' M'pioi'. not 111 the s],ii ii of the l.oi d 1 . 1 t 1; 1 ; Inn he has been driven to 11 hy tin- rhalli iiyr ami iiisinii.at "lis of his ri\als. and in tin- c tioii. .ilti r a litilr !t"mi mI l"tr pki> ( \ \ he .uird- Iriii-ill dr'll" 1 atrl) t" ihr l,i-k, and in an iinprl>i"'i- pa--at;i- oi i^nat rloipiinrr. 111 laiii'js Priou- 11- -"Uir oi thr nioie lliniiiri; mri'liii!- oi lit- jirfiloii- and iiowdi'l hir. and Miidiralr- 1 1 1 iimpliaiit ly his ' l.nni to thr ap"-'"' -lnii hy poinlini; •'1 il'. tliiiiL;- th.i' ' '■ h -'■!!, 1-, ,1 lor the ^"-pi 1- sake (cl, M. 4 10; I Cor. i\. ; 1,; I. 16-17. Again 1 say, as I said ( iin- pliriiK I hriore I in mt. I I. let no one think that I am a fool. Paul is well aw, ire of the iinseeiiiliiiess and thr /''//.V of ho.astiim ; htit he is on hi- ilefrn-e. and he must -rate his case whetln r lluy think hint a fool or not In any case, how- ever 5' hut 11 >e do »iif n'ant Illy reijiiest to he t rijaiiled .is a sane man I. listen to me 1 In ,;,../•/ tne. give nie .a ttrlc'imi) even thmiLth it he as a fool. that I too a- Will a- niv "piionritl-. to uhoiii yoii eii' - ■ '..r'li.il a wrlciiir. may boast I'l-t a little Irt 1 io>.|)'ii- tm 1 am I will 1.' I' I hi- what I speak. I do not speak in accordance with 'In mmd ami -pint of the Lord, "t iii"li r lit- do. r' m-piration, llr w.i- nick .iml !..\\'\ 1 .\l,i! \i. j.j), and ho,i-t iii.i.; wa- i!"t Hi- w.iv I'. ill! 1- catiinl 111 hi- .Ktnur. t" s,,), l;i!:iiiI hv attlu ipatmn. thr ch.irartrr of lii- I "I'i wliicli iiiit;lil lie coniproniiscd hy the lo.i-tinL: of ;i di-ciple ami :in aposilr. It 1- 11, >t ,iiici- till- / .'iif. but as in foolishnesr I note how he rines ilu- ehaii.ues on this woni half s.Tionslv, h.ilf ironically) tlitit I'.iitl speaks with 1 ht '111 this proud con- fidence of boasting, mi winch he is about i'u. XI] II COKIXTHIAXS. 199 |8 SccitiR that many glory after tlu' tloli, ! will nUny also. II) I'l'r yc siitTcr tools Rladly, seciiiR yr ■, . Ill /: .'A arc wi-c. jii ] Mr yo siifTcr, if a man lirint^ yon ln.iiil,i:^r. it a tn.m iK\oiir you. it .i t;ikf . ' \ II. it a iii.m i \.ilt him-clt. man you mi tlic face. I -pr.ik i Miir, riimia n'|iio:i.-h. into 111.111 it a ihoiij^li wc li.nl 1 \\i;ik. I louli. ;i. w lu l l infill \ I r ;ii!v i-i liold, (1 spi-ak fool- I'liiy. I I .1111 1»>U1 .I'.-o. tluy llfl'rrw-- -■• .mi 1 \i'<' !!:• \ l-r.i, !!;. - ,1111 I \ri I'.i. x i!n- i il of Alir.ih.iii! ■•' ' ; I's I . Arc lln > niiiii-ti r~ "I l. liri>l ' il >|'i;ik ;i- .1 tM.,l.i| iii. r. , in i.i!ionr-i iii"ic almiiil.nit. iti ^trii>c» ;i!n.\c mc.i^iirc. in prisons in"rc frotitcni, in il. ,ith-< oft. to l.iiilK-l* Tlu- last dan-c vi'-i'^ t'l'^tionN l.i- 1'., :! r. I: uholc sentence: in this Ixtaslm^. it i~ ii"t p.Tt, who catches I 1.. IM- h:- II ciiiinmc' ^ I.I ^ ' 1 1,!, in. 11 I:-': - -..i!. »'\a/i.),i»i' in I .lik.' \ - ' -i'.'-'i ' ■ \ ' '■! int' . In ■, pouir, who lifts himself up .ni.l in~.'liiitl>. who smites you in the face. A \ns-i, .11 ntailr liy tlic li.i--.ii:r 1- continiti il l.v 1 I im in. I it. 1 - where it iv l.inl il-'Wll t!i,it l!u- lii^hop iiin^t 111 it he a " --triker." 21. Tlic iri'tis of this wh'ile -cction 1 l'>-.M ) \crv sii ;kii^.j. ir.ore tli luTC To myi shame .1 .!i-!i..i'.ir " I I admit that i ht .,- an 'n^nirci! man. lint a i""' !i -it hi -IH.-lk-. .^^ollle rcliilcr i-iroiTTa.ut i,.:, H'l. i\. 4», "in this mtilUr, .Mihncl. oi hoast- niK."— not iinpossilile. lint less forcible and appiopriali' hire. 18-20. Seeing that many li< in. iii- ::...rc p.irticvl.irly In- ..vi-nentN tin laNe ■ , , uii" w.-r.- " iii.ini " ill. 1,"' — p, ■•ii.i 11 boast after tlie tksh, ot . sumi.iI ihrnt;-. 1 .-Inn , h. h -iich as tlii ir .h. u i-h il, ■ nl 1 m v. :-.,ir c. -nil. . ; 1, .n uitli the j.ru-.il. in cburcli r- 1. 1,1 1-, with I hn-l. c!.' , I also will glory; he ilois n.'t say, hut th.c se- quel iviT. Jji -liows that lie partly means .rl,r ill,- tli-. iim'm- so niiuh. I'aiil is "not a whit intVri..r" to tluni l\er. .\n■ word play m the < ir. 1 k, the • u,, , , .n' 1 .i-li .1 wi.l- •••.ii'iiMoi 1.1- tiiK iii\tai»is. d .1.11.1! V and .»<''i.«;'<'-»-<. 1 he .11)^111111 nt 1- : M ihi > v.rr |.".N. thev are 1 nd !.. !..Iir.ae hini. l. r he too i- a foul I Ins Imi.i-uiii; niaki- Inni snchl. 1 lu 111 \l \erse is a -cNcre desriiptioii ot tl'c 1- Iiict of his Jnd.ii-tic i.pp. n. ii's ni tlu ir ile.iliiiiis uith the clinrcli. i ' I.i.;,,n j- .iliMiuis, Iiiit skiltnliv evini— ..1 — - - >: ni.letitiite «' ri5 (it ai!\ om 1 For of Abraham? so am I. II you put up with any one who lord- iti liwish de-cent a- wU 1- tlu^ " i .\ W IV _ ■■ r 'h..\\ ih.it' i WE i^u«ni were t..i> weak t.i in.l nn.' ni \ie..i..n- in. .i-iir. - like r , ., I le h,nl I,. . n .-.iheii .1 .\ I.',- I \. 1111. lie n.'ini,d'> ...hnil- r,- ;il ■ ■ ■ I- ■ . ihnrch 1! But .ill ^ the |ii - th..t -.line he h.i- a e.m.i.i'.e ..I hi- ..wn. u ineh •- I 1 he IS in.t .il'rn.l !.i ni.i!. ii u'.lh t'.n- in whatever matter any one is bold i e..nr-e he n . -n:. .I'h. ' • n .■ in folly that I speak, n.t '1,. v ■ ' ' ■ '■••nt 'o make i- a hoa-i i I too am bold. 22. .\f'er tin- p! . hnir :.,i i: • .nie.il iii..\. ini nl. in which i' nil ! ,i- r.ii-i d •■••r e\pi li.r I' .M- ti. tile Infill-' .1- t.i wh.it the c..nt. 11'- 111 In- " h.ild " '..M-t u ill h<'. lir luu n- 'he -l.ili nil III of It ni hrief and wii'j!l\ -eiiti ii, . - wineh. .it ihe \ cry i.nt-il, il. in.ih-h ih. , l.inii- ■.! In- ..ppo- lunts to pre eniiiu nie i\i ii in ti e i s'. rn.d in. liter- I'll uhich they l.nd -.i n ' ••■ - Are they Hebrews? ini. !. I ' n ' , , //, I so am I. Are they Israelites? so am I. Are they the seed " ■ ■ , ! ei.iim //, i, ;..v I vii.l to d. ihc n itional ii.ini. . /.o i. WT > ■ 11. as I \\ .1- t.ilsel> ^41 and Willi reduces you \'v ' \ to the bondage .'t legalism (ihe-e in. n ; /. .I'l turned tin (..rnnhMn- into >|;i\es. i'.inl .Ii.' made him.u-lt their slave, iv s', who de-j(*."i \ii i-ti vours you hy demanding' heaxy contribti- j 23. these maitirs. important as iluy •li.ii -.icnd the .....1.1. ..I I: .1- I- li e ln..:h. -t !■ nil "i .dl, thev 1 I i d iii. -"(I of the promises 200 11 CORIXTiriAXS. [Ch. XI j\ (If tile Jru^ U\<- ■iiius rc.-i'i\r(l I {'■My I'lu- I liruc I ln.iiiu uiMi r"iN. oiu'i' w.i^ I •.imii i!. ihnrc I siilTi ri'il slii|i\vi t ( k. a mulil .iiiil a f uatiT^. in prriN iil riiMi<. ;;/ ihtiI- in tlic ^la. ;'i perils anil .Mi; false Im-lliron ; J7 In wcarim'ss and painfulness. in watcliinKS nfien. in liun>;er and tliirst. in fastint."' often, in coM a:i lie a ii!iiil\'lri . ' t ('/Ma/, 111- -t\!i ,il iiiu'e e\- piiiil- Are they ministers of Christ? Hire lie i- nut enntenl w itli a bare S,i ,iiit I He liailile to sit|i|Mi-r tli.it it is meant nineli ninn' -eriiMi-I>. 1 lie wonN "niiiii>ler of C'mist" Ii.im' w -le.iil\' ini; and snh iii'ii. my erii i l. aihl r.inl ti .!- tli.it it i-- iinl only "iml .-leei inliii'-! In ll;i l.nrd" (\er. 17) iml sin er iii nlin I" I'l I'.M-lMii,' (lli.iiit;li lie i- iliiwii '• ' .I'-i l niaUii- -..lered. I li.i\e a MORE a! 'iii- - v.ike. In labors more abundantly ili,in tluy (ef. I I'or. \\. 10). If »»pi i. The following reeil.il -h. w- n- 111 i\ I'llK' ue te.illv know o| I'anI'- nii»--oM.ir\ oi-erienc.-. i>..nt t!.. liiHik of \.t- In prisons, \'' ',■]'•.<: I \ei- \' i I ' more abundantly, in stripes 1 . in m ;ii iu \i \ : above measure, in ihi mw- of death often, ■■ i|rli\ n I il r\ I niii ni' !■ 1 d' lor Ji'-'i-' -.ike" i\ II. ill iHiil of (!i .nil :it llaiii.i- eii- al file onl-el of lii- ('liri-Iian cariir I \ei- i\. J.; I I. -! i| .ihiio-.! to iliiatli at I \-lr.i I \iM- \i\ I'll, m -ome land. :i- hy -e.i (\er. J^) iofiiii .-n-r. '111)1, mil ■! with ijn.it ]h ill, fro.n -Ki'lliii i-.\.r-. him.iiu!-. lie In journey- inRS often, in perils from liirhnleiit rivers, 1 1 1 .1. In 1 o;i- to ford or -uiiii; in perils from brigands who mfe-ted the country roads of A-ia Minor, .and waylaid tr,i\elir-. .Men were as cruel ;i- natiin-; I '.ml w as in perils from hi- Jewish kins- men, as at Damascii-; ( .\cts ix. J.t>. Jern- saleni (Acts ix -ij) etc.; in perils from the Gentiles, as at I'hilippi t.Xcts xvi. jot, Kplie-ns ( .\cts xix. \i) \ in perils in the city, as ,it Mamascns ( \ct- ix. jeru-.ilelll I \."- i\ _'i)l. I'tilii -n- ( Act- i \i\. ,5M : in perils in the wilderness in r I li.ip- of Aiahi.i I I i.il, i, \-). hilt iirohalily ! ,il-o cl-i \\h, re ; in perils in the sea .dready Kfaiihic.i'K il!','-' I av il 1 \ er _'5 ) : in perils 'among false brethren, niore ternhle than :he pi rd- of !!■■■ -r 1 ( iai ii 4 ill"-tr:ili - '!::- ii' iiil. l!;ii"uh Taiil' lewi-h riv.il- .it « '••rini'i '.\ivi ;lh'-'r.i!ii .'• t-noituh. ;.nd in the word I ■■' K I :iKi - a ->d> vl.i'-ce • ''ill In labour (\ii J ! 1 and toil I'l-: ■ • ^^ ! '.! :;iid «ear\Mii; - in many a wakeful night, v lu ilu r kept awake h'. i i' _ ''\ iiiariial 1 I lu - in Si or nii--ii I' .1' v \i ' irk 1 \c;- \\ 71; in hunger and thirst, in fastings ( .ip|>.irently, in -nch a context, not dehher.ate Iml m- volntit.iry) often, in cold and nakedness or -c.iiiiy attire, as perhaps after ship- wreck. 28. 2q. Milt there was more than p1iysic.il pi ril and pain. Even more th,m the phys' II CORIXTIIIAXS. 201 Ch. XI] .'S I!("ii(Ic ''uxc things tli.it aro witlimt'. ''■ ■ uili up'Mi Ilk' (!ail\, tlk- cii.- -'|| \\ " 1^ \M ak. aiii! I atii not weak ^ V !)•! •■■ I 'Icnilcil. ami 1 ' Mm iio!- .;o If I tmi-l iR'i'(N i;lur>, i will i;l"i y ■ t ilio things which cotici-rn nitiit intim; .'. u^. i hf (li'tl ami Father of otir I-unl Tcsiis Christ, which is l)lf>scil fur cviT- kn.'urth tliat I ho ]u>t. ,iJ 111 li.iini-iiis thr «.i\(riii>r iitKliT \rrfa- tin- kmi: kipt the city of ;hc Da nia-i i 111 > witii a K'lrrisi >ii, a|>- Iiri lu'iul iiu- : l''r.iin;Ii a ui^i.lmv in a lia-kit ua- 1 ht il.un !i> the wall, .mil c-capi-.l his hamls. ;...l strain was the spiniiial ' iir iiivlvtil ill niu'ca-inc; iiitrrcst in •.'<>■ i-liiiii lu s 1 1- lia l liHindcil. Besides the things out- side '!iis ill -criplii 111 ii'r 'In !!iin.;s \ in,li I . (. ) is the thing that presses upon me daily, my anxiety for ALL the churches. '1 he aiixiily ^^tlp^il'rt) Panl liail fiT the chnrehes wa^ as te al a:iil n^< a- tliat whieli tin- oriliiiarv man .;''in' |. ■ i! anil clotliiiii; (Mat. \i. .u luwi^'V'Tirt ) , K..ih tlie nailini; ;mil the iiir.niiny cit tT.tjTacTtt ari- (lonlitlul. tVicJi arujn i, aK.> • i.iii. \\:.ieli might moan, tlu' cl.iilv ..'ii; ::iiii!if'ii ii^tiiiist mo." iriaTaait ni.iy nicm iiiir. .mil he p.-irallol to "anxiety": Imt it i- |iirhai>> hotter to take it in its primary etymological flieaning, and ronanl it as more closely definod hy tho following /i(()i(ii'o: "the daily pressure npoii me, n.inuly. the anxiety for all the churches." I Ins anxiety is illustrated hy ver. 20. Who is weak in f.iith or coiir.iKo. and I am not weak in sympathy with him? I'aiil Iieeamr .ill '1: nns to all men, for tin- li'.-pil's s.ake. t!u'et..ri- " \vi .ik tn llie wiak" (I fur. i\ jj i . Ili- ua-- ui>[. for rx.iniple, cuntemie 111 Ills. Imt eiiii-uli i of tile sernpnloii- lirutlu r wIm euiiM ii'ii < a' !'!' .1! that lia.l tin n i.lii r, .| in i.!. 1- | i ' ' Mil. Who is made to stumble, and I do not burn uiili imiijn.nn. -\ni- :.,'\aUc iiani- Winn .a I. ! : i ; -I ;.in lii..|h,T 1- Ml, I'll! I v -in, tlu- ap'iviU'^ Ii. .irt i;|..ws \\ i: ii I ' .1 I M m .ami ^!;anir . . f i!. 30, 31. Wtso m. uiili npelitiiin uf iMuil "weakiiiss" fiiini mt. _vi. li.,p l-il. iiiiili.itiv the traiisilinn luiuirn tin priceiliiiK' Verses ;iml tlmsr win. h ecneliiile the chapter. Imleed it 1- iM^-iMr, hut not tieeessary, to ln}iiii. as sniiie do. a new sec- Mon here, in.linv; it ;it \ii. o or 10. I'.iul Is still snlisiantiatinj? his " hoast " hv ro- eordins; his i \]n rience, tliinii;h the last in- I'lKnt 1!,. i-liaptrr. tliat of his fse.ape ifMiii |)un.iscn>, .acipiires a cert.nn imle- ' ' i-'l nt importaiu-e from -hr suit inn intro- ' ■ •:.vv ncc. v.r:-!- ■■! ■, •: S-' 'I:!!: '■ 'i.i\| -oMi, si-holars f 1! i' t.i rruanl •' i~ liri fa a .,- I.elonRing onlv l.. the inei- ileiit ileseriheil in \ v. tlia! they have taken it as the introduction to the account |ot IVinl's 1-e-iatie visi.ii, ju xii. and re ju.ii'li ;! \i t Is inserted perhaps hy «.iy |"i If. i!i!..a-lii |!nt this mcideiit' may I li ne liad for r. ml ,1 Mi;nili. anee vsliicli if je.iiinot ha\e for 11-, uh.. .11. ignorant of jilie i iri ■list inees. ami the ilillieiiitv is imt I ii'sui" i.iMr I'l reu.inhni; the sojrmii aiiiieal i ^ ' '■ ,! ' •! ■ pi ef.u o . tile nal T.ll 1\ r 11; If boasting is necessary. I will boast of the things that belong to my weak- »!ess, as ;lln-t!.i;, ,! alik.- In tin- iiu-nU iits la lias 11,11 la'.. I ,ini| til, It ulii.li lu- is .ili,.n! 'o n,i!ratr ll u.is n,.t ni In- ..wn -tiiaii:''! ilul 111 I:. hi -nrniiaail, ,1 all iIh.„. ,1, ,,1K p< 111-, it u.is tin '■ yia.a ..f ( ,i,<| "ill ,,r XV. 10) that made liiin tlu \i. i..r tli.it he was. The God and Father in.t (,..,1 and the Father ") of the Lord Jesus knows. He who IS (o <^>'i blessed for ever, that I am not lying. Tins verv solemn api)eal to the (iod who kii,'\s tot \i r. II ) comes at this point with the etTeot of ,t surprise; Imt the meiileiit wineh it is ilesiviiud to corrutiorati- h.nl no ilouhi iK pieiihar siumtieaiice for I'.iiil His ,xpe riiiue .at l)amasii!s u,i» Ins imli.ili..n into the s:itT, rnii;s .■! i.i, .ipost Ii-sliip I Ih' a|i- I'l.ii I., the F.i'her of .'.•>■)«. is \, IN r. U \ ant ia I I'. ,1 - :l \i ,1 - I , ir |i sns' ~,ik.- i h,ii ,11- '■■ '1 thr •; •:."■' h,- i . ,i!i,.': , late I . f. i\ 111 32. 33- In Damascus, .ih ,-!' n, 1' T dip!' ana' le ri .1-. nis 1 ].,,:, .:■[,.', ' . the K'ninaiis 1,1 .Vic',... the governor un- der Aretas l\ the kin^ ' ■ \ at a ,:i Vr.ahs, kept guardint; the city of the Damascenes I tilt l.isi a . ' ;,, r'a . no donlit ,'i! thr uai. to sci/e me, .'md through a window nf .1 •!!,• wall I was let down in 1 basket . f wieker work?) by the wall, and escaped his hands. This proh.ilily iwinrreil .ili.mt .?r .An. on P/iiil's ri'tiirn to Dam.isin. after his si.iourn in ,\ralii.i. aiul euiis.'. ipietitly alioiit three ye.ars suliseipient to his n;::',ers;i'n i flal i, 1^11 i h. inn.', iit i, I' ferrn! to ill .Nets i\ J.i-.>s where. Imw- i'\er, it is the Jews who seek r.itil's hie I'rohahly .\retas was aetiii)f on tin- iiisti- nation of the Jews who were miineroiis and II COKINTIIIANS. [Ch. XII CHAl'lKR iJ. It is not fxindknt f-T me doubtless ! to glory. 1 will come to visions and rcvc- , lalions of the Lord. ,„,,v,,iul in DMina-.n., It is possible that ! and deals with tlleni m a ~|uru o| the 'l.,„r. ,l,d.t il.i, ..a-aMon «as inter- I keenest and most nUe11i«cm ^^nn.itl,^ . ^ ,'r,„,l ! ^ li.^ M,,,„,iuiits as c..«ardice. and l.nally. for their sakes. and lor ilu- ».jke n 1, „ ,1„- iiu-.d. 1 \^as n^.-d to make him'tluir common 1-ord. he is xmHiiik and wkid Itnt he iiimself IS not aslKi.n.d t- .„.inr.- t,. the „ti.rm..-t. tu pnrMie a ,1. lie nlories in his weakness, an.l ni .,,r,.r tli;U uas lu i In r. .r.t inn. ,„ril- his of ni K il l Ml-. lint le lliii-eii i?. n>'i ■, , i . f 1 lie ub.ries in his weakness, an.l ni . ,n..T that uas lu . In r..ntn>n..„. p.nK , s dehverancc he sees the uracions ha.ul ami that ome and a«ain brought Inm lace ..fCod. to face with death. This brief, impetn. drM-ription v Paul Ki\es i.f Ills 111,- Siaiii. V .-.ills III' the most vahiaMe hiM.'ri.al p.^rlmn i tlie New ie-t.-munt." It -ii-w- n- li-u iniu-h ni.ire slniiivn-' .and uinMe ua- llu' nii-sii'iiarv hir •<{ I'anl llian <\iu tlir 1"">K Ml ,\.-|s \\(itild Kad u- I" Mi|MiMs,-. Il ua- ,T..«i|.«l with p.Ml aii.l IH 1 ■I'lon. 1h t ],\ ilif n U nili -- I..H-. > "l nalnn-- iu r si. .rniv sras an.l i. ..inn- runs ,-md by ihr still in. .re piliKss .and \.ii..iii..ns |,,rcis s, t ni ni'.iiiin ii> nu ii l>v bi:.;..u .l .lius, Mri n K..inans. uiisin npnl. .11^ bri^;ancN. ami. u..is; ,1 all, t'alsi- bnllireil He points to tlu r i\]Miu-iKes in vni.lieation of his ,!aim U< lie an apostle — to the ihillKS th.it lu h. : sUtiVred "lor Je-us' sake " ( iv. li. xii. iol. It takes more than rhetoric to iii.ike an aposlK l\er. l>K il t.ik.s knowl- <,U,- ot the mind of Jvsns, le.idiiuss and eapai-itv t.i sillier for the ijospil^ s.iKt'. I \:v 'pK 'nri- lu .!rau - is oiu- ,.l ahn<.-t sii]„ i liiiiiian lu r. . -ni, .iial ill.- b' '.i--'. I ''• ulii.-l, lu' lia.l :li -n. li il,,! .. .rai i. m an-l skiiiiil irom I : ' |.au .1 'lu- u.iv. Is ill. .1 e th.in iiislitir.l. Aial liu .r.'wn ami diinax of a:l Ill's ■■ pr. ssi.jr ■■ wlm li u..iild li.ue ,-r:.-li, ,1 ibc liif ..ill oi .iir. bill a «iaiit. u.is III, ati\ii-i\ l..r all lIi'- .■iiiin-lu-s. A-s lu' iai-. s the su,.lK n il ...I-. ti aM rs. s ilie ro.uls inl.-I..l l.\ r..bl.ns. an.l lo.Us al il.aili .main ami a'.;a:n upon llu- sra. la- l„ar- .\.nii.'ie .m In- miuli') heart lb<- ilh.imiit ..i 111- ui.ik .ual iiiiipl.il bn-l'ir.ii .iiiMiiLi ill. eiiinx lics lie liad i. .nil. led. and i.l, niiii, s Iniii-. ll uitb tluni. Ills an\nly I. .r tlie eliiirelies does not sw.atlow up liis v-are for the individil.d nuniliiTs of wlloiii Ilios,. elinrelu s «, re eoiiipoM'd ; nay. rather it is ihe induidnal Christian lir.wlur. m Ins sirimules and l.ilN. far in.'i.- than tlie or 1- I .1 1. . ,1. . a I ." . i. ).;,ii;i,".i!inn. oi 1: ■ • ••• is ueak. r.inl feels and shans !iis w.ak- nis"!. Ill !,■ lb, 11 IS the k.Tii.l ol bis ,1. I,!i-e. II, il,,- 111, u , llaie of .ill ibi- . 'a'lr.-h. s ri" n his heart, he loves their indi\idual Tneinbirs Till- I'isl.'ii mil/ 77i,.r)i I \ii i-ioi. Ill lliis s, 1 11. Ml, I'aiil e.iniinm s _ Ins "iH.ast;" but lu n- it takrs tlu' iorni of an nnn-nallv iiitini.ilv dis,-!. .sure, and it eoiisti- mi. s a spKnilid eliniax to the recital of the rxpiruiiees |iy which lu vindicates his elaiin to be an ai»istle. Just as his escape from n.miascus ( xi, .tJ f . ) may have ex- posed him to the charKC of cowardice, so liis "revelations" may have won for him the repnt.itioii of beiiii; a visionary of jier- liaps rather (piestioiiable s.inily. Here in the most solemn and deliberate manner, he claims for them reality, and in particnl.ir n-e. lints ,in o\ , riiiasU-rins; i \prrunec ubi.'li li.iil bet.iM.n bun t. .nit,, ii yi .u s !.|. .r, , when he b.i.l ! ■ .n in I'.n.i.lis.- its, li, .ni.l had li. ard wr.ls niiiitti r.,! !.', coiiiuciid Willi ''lis Is ilu .u'. I'lorii 111 his il, -il. wlii,-!i li.i.l 1"- .i spiritual ilisiijilnit, t.. ,-lai'k which tin- vision iniu;ht ba\i 1 lIlMlMll Iv mil oi tbr . n siiii a< ill,' pri.K' '.Ills, d ; ,aii,l llillIU- w.i- la tl .u.r of Clirist ..i-t of till' w , aki III. st. lb,' • ■ all 11.- .casion o| a Irish sn!ti,-ii nt v;i'-i''e and in.iy siirelv then 1 \i ui. xii. 'I > wliich 1. ,1 I.. s.., h ;i ilisplay of diviiii- power. It is hilt anotlu r form of " f;loryittj; in the Lord " 1. The I< Nt of ver. I IS eM erdinuly confused, bnt the two ^;reat IMh-s are repre- si ntcd b\ ,\. \'. I MU'xairr'.u fir) oe <7V(f.''iptt ,xoi • c'Xd .TOUCH -,ap 1 .and .\. K. \'. (^arxac«ot Rti • oi' at•^i'''^pol' flip, tXfi iTotiai 5t I . I hi' confusion IkIvm .. n i^'i ami '"i^ iiaiiirab The ipu siiuil is not. .ifter all. one of e'a at importance, .as the nieainiii; is. in lillur case, much the same: i'l'il is '.\ . II awar,. of the general iiu-xp, .hi ncy ..t boastiie. . an.l n-jnts iis tj,,-,s-.i\ \ K \'. etiipba- .;./..> ratlfer '1"' n. e.-s-iiy. \. V. the ri'ur. l ("oiisiil, riiii; that Paul lias li, ni .Iriveli !•> bis Iki.-i-t ill s, li \ iinlicallon (\rr III, \ K V sceiiis ni..re i.n.b.ible, especially ,1^ n.'t "lilv llir i.lr.i l" '.'Mn th.' phrase I ■' lioastiiiK is necessary") lias occurred On. XITl II COKINTIHANS. 2(»3 1 kiuw a Mi;in in Clui'-t al'ovf foiir- t,tn '.(.ir- Aiio. iwliitliir in the IhhIv, I vMiini'i till; or ulullur ,.p|...iu-nt~ ni.,\ lia\i- i a.l w )\h I :;ri~t, I'aul -ii,, iiiuri' r " i\: .^i. lu fan I'laiin 1.. lia\i' li.iil n\i lati.'ii- iiom I Inn. Boast- ing is necessary: it is not indeed good . ; ;,.^i.Mf'„-, iuil diilii^,-fiis) citlu-r for inr or i f an\ niu' t Nc — ihi i c i^ tl'.f danijiT of -pirunal piuk- i\cr. ; i ; but a- niy oii))o- iKiits havf i-otri-til mi- into it (wr li), I will iiroiiid furtlu r ati«l come to visions and revelations of 1 1 .-. \..!u !i-ai( 'I m.- In. I the Lord, i'lu' r. v. !.i!i..n- o pi^ throimh thf MMoiis. il i- li.iri'Jy i)ro!..,l.K- that tiiv^t' \i~ions and rcvilalion^ win all conii)risr(l in tin- om- uri.it fNiHTunrc lu- i-; aliont to riconnt. I lu- plural i<-f, vcr. -) ,,1-ri' iia'iM.illv -iii;!;. tli.it lli'-y oc iiirr.-.l ni-r. ili.m ■ lU'-; .ni.l lla- i~ I'on- liviiu.l liy Ai'^ .wni. >) •■■il. ii. J ( ri vfl.itioii ) . 2. Mil' -t-ry i- tolil with a lar'ain '•■A- iinn anil rb\ilinia- ninii!:' ii. av.il >■ rio'i-ly ii:oiii;li, r.uil ^i>iak~ ol limiM lt ni llir tliml | |iir-. Ml. -■.■.-l;< -tini; that hi^ part in tin- niat tir U.I- piiri'y pa--^r>i\ It was as if thf ^ ni.iu who t'ir. \i.(l th.it nmittiTahlc cxpt-- i M.nii- i-ouiil not \>c him-M-lf, tlu- Paul who u.i^ ^o aoutclv conMMoits of hi- wisikif-s ' I know a man in Christ; what la i- ahont | to tfli hapin'tird to hint a- a Chri-tian. | llad lit' not hiin im Christ, litlicr it cauuht lip '' i/ 'v into Iu mmii. or whithrr lii> -pint h.id li ft the hody. aral lie en- joyed this atiia/in« txperirnc<', a-- it were, in a ih-' nthodii d ^'.iii ; such a one tlie iiuiii uhoin he knous --caught -wi"U ( dpii-a>.i-sai;e l!i il lliiTe W' r ii hi ;i\ I lls, an fill ,!S. suKue-t whielt Fattl 1 . . -oinr -rvi-n the third r I. tlu- 1,t-.!..,M'. r.ir.iiliM ihi- intiinte seemed to not have happen not ha\i taken points out that, I'aiii's ee-tatic eXj the evperietlfe of l.h K.lM^lv The he.iveii lie tnay will ha e Jndai-ni in wlneh he had lui n iiiit this partienl.ir \i-i"n emi itc It u !■.! at any nil it M-.H to tlu I ■nee was p.ir.ih inr eonti iiiporai y .1 of an 1 1 -'.li u' .1-1. nid I ludd l--rt 1, .11 Jew .i-ei iit to \w\\ the i-;!Ljl.t uy. M li ni ;is 111 y .lid, i.'-f throii«li traviise. 3, 4. And I know such a man — whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knoweth. I ho rhyihniie repetition has a Mdeinn etTeef, as' if the mind of Paul were dwi lliii« on the nnsterions M-eiie with ri'M-ni " re-nin- iseenee : hnt pos-iMy i' 1- r ' ndi d as an iniroihietion t^ M,. .■. •, •'. ■ that he was caught up into Paradise, t! i- lu iny re'..;arili il not a- th.e -.iiiie hn! a- ..ii..lhrr .•md lii^'i r I'vpei iiniT IVnadi-i. orii;!- n.dlv i':i ■i:!nfi!i;-|''i'"k of .1 1', ■ -mii knii;. thi ll a pli .i-nri ; irdi n. ihen 'In- hh -fid .ilio.lf of il e riL'i •(! in ll.nh uliTP tliev .iwait the n -nrrnl ; hi ri- iio do ht It w.i- lit,- l. -'il, I ,■ Cliri-t ■ rr>^ 'i.;!!! ■! d .1- 1'" -oiiree ; I iniiiii, .nil! n - I'on hi- li.ippi tud four- ! I ; 1 .nid therefore u i:h hi- eon\ersion lilt t\M nt\ >e:irs ho . I e toru. iiten d.ay. low it hai)pened a Chrislii tn.ni I \ er 1) 1 u hi mi ' it iMine n|>on .'i ( "hri-t i.f tent- uiii I'hri-ti.ni. teen years ago 1 1 ; \ ;- 111 It t' I he ei iiiiii i ti d w lih h I'.ad ' ■i-enrri (1 ahi f. -re ; !l w a - a lu m r ' lint I'.m! h.i- I- -l. ,, ., whether in liie body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know. God knoweth (cf. xi. 11. .?i » Paul is little him-eif tcf. tlie use of the thirt! person) that he docs not know whether he was 11 \\l',:t 1- di-e of Cm! Some -ehi \ er .'i- ->n in M-r J. the -re. ■ml tended to -iniil.-ir Iiiit ... 1! ill R. \ il r " 'hi f.,..i 1,1 \ olid iIm hiehi -t hi .h 1 11 ',ir- leL'aid I'.iraih-e m lln- .luinon- Willi the thinl lie.iven It IS h.ird to -a>. lint perhaps -t.itenietit (.iiiir/i( iif\ is in siinRe-t a seeond experience. 11.11 I. .11 higher, lie -aw riAi..iii. i\er I ) and heard words unutterable, which it is not I'V. ful or possible for a MAN to put into language. What tlm-e word- were we do not know.— perliap-. if we may jitdce by Iiui-!i .int!or\. the (.rai-i- of 'heavrldy Vh^- - ■■ ■ ■' ; ^; I'' any ca-e. the word- winch tell li..in cele- ttal hi>- are nnutti rahic \'\ imolr.U tdpOpuirui) They riiiK evermore in Paul - ears .-md in hi- heart; If. he tnnst not 1 4 "A 'i 204 II CORINTHIANS. [Ch. XII 5 Of tnvM'lf I firiiiiticN. (i I'ur tlimiuli shall iii>t lit' a truth : hut ttt'w .should think of a HOC will I Rlnry, yi't iKi! (s'lnry. lull in Uliiir III- I « ■ .iiM ill >irf t. ) ^l'>r\ . 1 fiol; IT 1 wiW >a> llio 1 t'orlH-ar. U>t any man nic altovf tliat which he stTth nir I'i-. 'T that he luarcth of me. ; Aiui K>t 1 should he cxaltid almvc Tiua>uro thriMijjh tin- aliunilaiui' "I tin- rivilaliMiiN. tluTf was gi\tn to inc a thorn in tin- iK'sh, ilic nu>-iiiKir ot Satan to i)UlYit nu', list 1 slioulil he cxaltid ahove measure. and he cannot translate them into human >|Kecll. S, 6, On behalf of such a one ( roi ToiovTov niasc, not lutit. if, 'O' toiovtoi', ver. I will boast, luiaiisc, strictly speakinv;, that " man." l aliglit up to the htis't'il siulils ami soiiiid^ of I'araih-i. i> not Mlf at ail; but on my own behalf I v> own. and tlu'v v.i\c diMiie t;i,ue lis o|i|)ori unit > l-i nianilvsi i|h,1i m! nu ; linn I'ori'. so tar irom ln'iiij; ashaiih'!, I li".i-l ot tluiii I'.ml has ,iliiail\ i li.iiai !ri i.'nl Ins lioa-UiiK as ■ iMlly " I \i M, lln-. li.nvtMi-. is only ironii-.d . lu- dors ii.i| nallv wish any i'it to lliink ill, It In- 1^ a fo..l ( \i. i(i), a-.d l!n' Ms], in Ik- li.is iiist rt l.iu d shows that lu has ample uroiiiid for Imi.isIiiiji, were 111 -o iinhiu(i. For if I desire to boast, I should be no fool, for I should be speaking the truth; the unadorned truth, which i'aid coidd speak if he would, fur- nishes opportunity enough. But he does not wish to thrust upon tliov,- ulioni he would convince e\idiiui' wlmli it is he- yond their power to \irity; lie K.ives iluin to jud^e of limi li\ llii- I'Milriue of ttieir eyes and ears, "riurilou I forbear liir- tliir ho.isiiny .ihoiu \i-ioii-. rr\ . '.ilion-. etr , lest some one should think of i «c' of Tan!'^ \ i;i(lu':,i ion. ;in.l. alioM- .ill. llie niiT-sity for it, su.iws tli.it tluTf w.is little (laiiLiiT 111 limi ri-iii\inK more tli.iii 111- diir iroiii tin- I'orintliiails. Kill tlir |irnu ipK is a s,,nnd .and v.ilii.ilile one. ili.it to ,iiii\iiu'i- nun. w r must not m\-.tity tluiii. lint nuit tluni with jiroof which they can imderstand and verify. What men see us to he. or hear out of (Mir own lips (»l iftoi), will after all he a pretty Rood indication of wdiat we arc. 7. Westcott and llort take the next words "and hy the exceedinK greatness cf tile revelations " with the prccedinK, and put a period after them. It must he con- fessed that the connection of tlic words with tile rest of the senteiua- woiiM then he neither ohvious nor n.itur.d. The rea- son for taking the words thus arises frotii the difficnltv. if not iinpossihility, of con- struing them iialinally with the followiiiK -iiitilicc beniunin).;. .uioriliUK to MSS. that are usually the lust, with St6 Ua ( " 1/ 7/iw ,7(»c. in or. nor temptation to hlas- phetM» or imlu-Iief. Nor, though he has calknf his oppotients tninisters of Satan (xi. i.s. cf. aniicl of Satan) can the thorn in the Ui-sit well refer to them, .\pplied to the risks to life and limh. iiieidctit to his inission;iry e.-ireer ( xi. j^-jy ) it is h-ss m- ai)propriate. Imt \ rry far from proli.ihle ; Paul would li.inllv li.ivi- lH-i;i;ed for a re- mission of this kind of sntTering. hesides. the thorn must be something more specific Vu. XII J II COHINTIIIANS. 205 8 For tlii> thing I bt^ouKlit tlic Lonl that the jdwit of Christ may ro»t upon thrice, thai it ihikIu ckp.irt in in iiie. iiio () Anil 111' sail! iiiilu nu', uraco is lo 1 lu rt !■ in' 1 take plia^nri' in tiihrmi- suttii-ifiit fur thi-i- : lor my sin-iiKlh m.idp i tie-, in i , |ii . i,,, la >, ni imc-^it u~. ni iKr-c- piTlcct in wi'akn..'>s. gladly tluTr- | cutuins, in ili^trt ^^t ^ inr Chriil s saki- . for fore will I rather glory in my infirmities, | when I am weak, then am I strong. than that. Catholic commentators ha\'c been led by certain stories of nionk^ cimjecturc that it was the temptation in li ■■1. a o miictiire wlmh iiiav hi' -iininiarilv ili-.nii>-i.il a> alloKi'ihrr inapplu-ahlc i'> I'aitl. I >iinlitK>-- \M' have to look lor iho thorn in souk- hodily aihiKiit. wliuli w.is apiiaritit to ilic I'yi- ((j.il. iv. 14 I .nul wliu li was an iiniKdinient to Paul's .utiMly. I'l^- casi' ot ill. eyes (Cl. (ial. iv. 13), e.ir.iolie. IkmiI.icIk-. nl•rMUl^ prosir.ilion I'on^i'ipii ill on malarial fcMT, or ]iro(IiK-i.' colossal <. \iTlioiis. do. lia\r Ik'i'II slIiIKesU-d : I'll! tliiTf is a l.irj^c li. iil> of i-onip( !■ nt ami (|nilc rfwiriit opniion inclined lo ihc hf- lii I th.it ilie riliTi iKc is to iiiiKplic sei- zures. I'aul compares the ctTect i'! this visitation of the anml of Sat. 111 to that of a blow with the fist (fio\a<,''i. s >tr<.nj;tliviutl liy Chri>t, I am well content, for Christ's sake, with weaknesses, whicli he ftirthir p:iiiK-iil,iri/< ^ — with insults, with tlic van.in^ hard- ships to which I am /.'K . i/ ( al■a->^ uf I'aiil i- ti"- whi ii- iiii'u 1 1 iii^jiK U' •U-. th.in m thi^ ac- ff.niit l"r. it-' (Kptii. an4 lis sim- links It to the Mory 1.1 hi- he.ilitie M-Mii. Iwiee lie ^ays that tlu liicin. whieh is a "gilt" of GoJ („"i,)(/r,i. uas Milt to (Uhver him from the temptation to spiritual priile. One who has cnio\eil Mich rapture is in peril, unless he receives continual hulfetinn ^Ko\a^:>^iv. pre-.). He luiiiL' reliisid, I'.iit it i- an ir.ter|iri talinii uliich show- hmv wi ll I'anl muhrstooil the siihlle temptations to priile that are apt ti> accoiiipaiiy iiiiii| le s|)intn;il jjitts and i-Nperii nci '. I'lie vi-ioii iienl- tlie th.TU, , . ( >n the n l.itii'ii of ihr thorn to tlie vi-1011 I'miis-,! li.is s.>nie sni;i;i-!i\ e run, irks. ih.Mmh i.-i .'11 the a-sninpli.'ii lhat r.,nrs intirnu:'. u.i- ol an epihplic 11a- ti.re. •■One c, 11111. 1 tail 10 ri cruise that uhat I'anl hue r. lau - of his inliniiity .md wliai hi has luUl li. lore of his visions ami r. \il aii.iiis. have an inner ciniiieetii>n with i.n. an..ilur. which the aposile may '.ave ni..-..nseioiislv felt, when he init tluni hotli t. i;ether \Ve may then suppo-,- that the entire visionary, ecstatic peculiarity ot I'aiil, as it appears lu re and in otiu r places, had its hasis in tariie measure 111 his patlii>loi;ie:il disjiositi. .11. We may > ven Inlieve that Tanl's \iM..n-. and revelallons ui-re often iinim .hal. 1\ cniucUil xMlh the epil.ptic att,icks. In h.^Mv- of hi- hfe^^n.nv lie s,,\\ -i-iil-. an. I luard llie lirai-e- . f 1 '.ir.,.l: -r. an.l_a..;ani h:- 111! hniis.-lf sMT.k with llle t"i-t hv th.- an.^.l of Saian." Wluth.r tlic cn- ,i, , ti..n tueeii the Msi.'ii an.l the thorn Ih' s.> ini'.inite or not. at anv rate it is e. it.nn t!i:it hv -oiiu' chronic and ih-ir. s,inu ailment raid's activity was s. rioiislv h.ini pereil- and hoth his missionary career ami his relijiions serenity hecoine all th.' iii.'re wniidertiil uh.ii «e consider ihi- ].h)-a,il li:indicap, 1 Ir th..;iKht he coiiM ha\i .l..ne more l..r Hi- .Nhi-ier. ha ■ iiud at the ( ( time to all," s.iv- Stanley 5'«) I, " as 1' (li.l on ihi- occa-i I'.iiil hnn-ell. ih.il the cause oi vv..nld h.iM- h.iii h.ti.r s,rv..h I hi I 11 r. h. vi .l ir.iin hi- inrnnnlv .an l.irlh to pr. a. h an.l t. .1. h wiili 111 \ ijjc (f of h. "iv ami nuii'l. hi- -tr..iiv;. Ills >p.(eh ini..;lity nilhiiiiis .n -..in t.' ihe (.,.-p>l h. l;i >ne iinhr. .ken loihlv prcsriiec an.l powerful. r.nt lii-'ory has answered the iinestioii otherwi-e. -iiid has ratilied the Divine an- swer, in vvliicli the Apostle .icciuiesccd." It is nolhiiiK less than wonderful to see how, vexed with this sorrow .mil pain, whatever it was. he cheerfullv eii. hired the colossal liar.Miiiis of uhich he ha- PiM iis in the iirice.liiii.; chapi. r. an.l 111. urd ahoiit thu world, plaiilin'.; cluirclu- and pre.ichiiiK the gospel everv where. If his iiitiriiiily was a fact — ami we have Ins ..wii intense ;iiid threefold praver in evuKiua' ..f lhat — tlie urace whn ii t.alu rn.icli .1 up.. 11 him inii-t I;a\.' h. .11 an inliint. ;v yre.iler fact: f.ir it inaile l.nn 11. .1 ..nly emit. 11! aini.l ilis tre-sj-s ami p.-r-i I'lit 1. .n- iii;n:ii..l.l, hut it made him str..n..; to d. . p. rli.i;.- the iiiiji'.t iirst .aiid ni..s| farrtachn;L: w tk for (iod tll.at lii..ital man has ever il..ne. .\ii I'lur. st 111;; i|\u'stion is raisi-d hy this 'pas-aye |..iichiiit; prayer to Christ. Tlw I /.,.»./. whom Paul entreated for the re- moval of the thorn, mivtlit well he ("lod ; hut the context seems to he de. i-ive in favor of Christ. ".My {jrace i- -uihcieiit for thee We.aklU'ss pi av el theref. 're ne-ses. il Upon me ill th. . ; f'lr power is made jiertect in " That is the answer to the r.inl L'oes on: '".Most gladly uill I ratlicr glory in my weak- lat the ("'''■'•''' ' tii.ay n'-t ." It is inii"'--iMe not P h. .ir vv.>rd- an i cli.. of llie ;in-u i i : 111 that ca-.'. the ,an-u ('hrt-t. anil ihe Chri It r inii-i h;ive e. .in.' ir. Ill ilir.cte.l Ihr. .1 pr:iyer pr:iv.r .111 1. 1 IV. r it ..f I'anl '..r the h'^rti n.-if-rallv re.-al!- l!'.- .if J. -11- in I ieth-. inane ..f the ci,)) ( .Mat. wvi. ih.' prof. iiiiide-i nliuioiis iinportanci- to note that, ill eii-e. ii'-iiher of ilii -i prayers w.ls aiiswen-ii I'he cup had to ho drained t.) tlu' ilreus— "My Hod, why hast Thon f. irsak.n lue?"— and the thnrn was not removeii But it is of efpial interest and importance to note that, in the profouiidest I eni. 'V ai thn-. t' 'M •..!- tlu- 44 "I 'iiten--1 the ordii .it 1' r.ni. is and arv ('II. XI 1] II CORINTIIIAXS. J()7 II I ;mi l><.oiitiu- a inn] in uliiryiiiK: >'" h::\c cntiiiii'lUil nil-: ii !ia\< liiiii cimimriiiliil of >>iii: for in noilnm: .1111 I l>i'Iiinil ihc very cliuffst aiiinti'». an'! vvu'lir--, ami iiiiui.t> 1,^ I'l'T wll.lt 1- It wlurilll \r u.'. i!l fiMinr to ntlur cliiirclu>, iMiid it th.il I ni\>tl( was nut Iiiinli ii-i'im* >>'ii.' «i\c inc till-- V. ronj;. l.i I'.fli'.!!. till tliinl ntiir I am ri' . ,-. line ; . \ ■■; ; ..lii i I ill i ' !■ i^i .1111- !•! > • 'U ; I"' 1 ^' ' i. M"' > . \-'-:. I'.'T tin- cliililnn ..ni;!it imI Ii> l.i\ t r il l- i>arciil-. tnit tlie jiarnil-i fur > • i''!i '11. I ; \rii! I u ill s , r\ l '.I'IK -|m ri.i ,in. -lu lll Iiii M'l!, •!'i'"-h iri'.n alntiiii i 1 \"S<- \"ii. ilif li — I 1m 1"m <1 |..r- a.lv 1. 11 l.iit ii|) the 1 ■.iii-e, tli'i^i [iravets were l"it!l an»\\ereil. i hi' will ol Goil w a» ilone. \\ itll tine iiiMKlit, the atuliur of the K|ii^ile to the llehrcws remark* that Jes\is in the ilay> of His flesh. lia\int: otTereil np prayer- and suiiplieatii'ii- wilh strnnu ir>in- hhI tears until lliin that wa> aliK M ~i'. e 11 111' from death. :e,/.< lujnl \"r II i- k ^Wv l.ar;" and I'anl wa- -trenyil'.eiu d li> the sr.aee of t'liri^l iIkiI In- aenialK Iiariml to nlory in hi^ weakiie-^, heeau^i- iii it lie was eoiiM'iiiii- tli.it the power of Chri-t rtMe.l iipop him." (Sec my I'luyfrs the liibli. p. lot ). The Sii^iis >i an Apostle 1 xii. n-i.?>. II-I2. IViiil'- (1. ill' 'rate viinlu-atioii of his ap"-;"!u- aii!li"n!y i'- iliawiiii; to a (l">e. lie ileepU rii:ret-~ ils iuee~-it>. In sprte of ver, (), it i- m ri ality /.niy. l" whiel; no \M>e man wonld willingly -lo.'p. l.Mt he ha- heon »'«> who have coinpelled me to it. For, instead of 1" mi; i i'"!, as I have heen. to eomnunl mv ' I ought to have been commended wi;li'>ut er.i^ini; {avfiaTaaOai, ['irs inf. n"t a"r.> by YOU. I h.ivc tlie 1" >i "I r, j-'ii-; for I was in no respect inferior to the pre- eminent apostles I llie !..i"-iii''n. by iiiira.l.-. uliieli I'aii! lure 'l''-enhes iiikI'T three a-pert-. signs, a- acts ,.f spir- itual .vK»iti.,iiu.\ and wonders that ean- I l l !" arre-t i-onventi"na1 eyes, and mighty works, literally C^'-^''''^'- ^'i'*"'! ihe ni.iiiife-iatioii- ,.f ,i liii;li''r p.'W.r imt i)> clee'l- "I -iniilli. Ill' ' . .|>''!- "I W'lii »!er, dieil- of p"tti l " I \l.i--ii 1 .Xii'ird inij to I t^'T l\ I. -•. ill' e"ii' lii-ive -ik;n "f an apo-lle i- In- -'uee-- lure, as m R"iir \v. 10 lef .\ei- \v i i . I'l'il .ip I" .iK t'l 11111. n'l' - a- -ie.ii- \\ I'.it iiiii.u K - lie prrl"rii!. il .1' ('"lilil! u.- d" ii"' kii"W ; liiit we iii.i\ p' lli.ii'-- ."ii-i'!'i .1- ixi'i'.il "I till -'■. tile ln.iliiiK "I Ml'' l.iiiii m ill i' 1 \ -fa I A> : - M \ , io ; ef m •v 1 1 , \ \ r I . \ \ \ iii. i (ii / ',) 'Vii. i'. A.'. ,•'/' i v/ii.-a v. 1- 11"! luTe ii-ill .1 -i'jii. I''i! t! '■ .ii iiu iit. llie -pinlual .i!ni"^|i!;it'- 111 wM'ti the -itii- were U I ■ • : : U 1 : ! 13. For what is there in which you were slighted in comparison with (lit " ma'le inferior lieyond") the other churches unless lit be) that I in my own person 1 avrbt <'-,w > did not lie like a benumbing weight upon you ( *ar«Kap\^ Ii 11' i'4'ii f'Tr. 'l iip"n till- I '"••in'i!! Ill ,!"ii '!i .t pr'iol of hi- " iii'ir.' .il' '!!'l.ir(t 1".' U' f I5I --he -aria -i. alK .l^ ■ ' I • - a- an iii jtlSti, i\ I' T u !ia!i. Willi I ■ •! ' ai. . Il'- pray- t" he for«i\eii. Forgive me this injustice. I i!di.:r . of i'uutihiU-nl l>,;iiiii:: (mi i.| iH>. 14, 15. r.iiil ha- II" 111"!.' iiitiiili'in of I. 'ir'leiiiim ill. Ill wrli In- -upp'Tt 111 the 1 'PT'' tll.lll la- lais d"ll'- 111 till- p.l-l See!— a \ivi.I app'-.il - - this is the third time that I am ready to come to you. I he woiils verv pr"l'al.lv 1 .1 \iii I K thoii^jh of them-elve- ii"t ii. e.--.iril\. imply II, .t only that he i- in '■ •'"■-- '■ - ^ third lime, lint that hi- i ■ -' ' ' ' third time - in I'th. r 'a- • ' ■ heen ill ('"!■•"!' "M" a!' ' ' . and I will not be a burden ■ % :. for it is not yours, but YOU. that I seek not y nr i money or \oiir help. Init ymir -onls ivt r. 2ft8 11 CORINTHIANS. [Cii. XII I'l I'.iit 111- it so, I ili'l ii"t hurtlfii Villi :j luM nil. Ii^s. Mnn crafty. I caught yi'H Willi ^iinlf. 17 Kiel I tiKikf a viain yim by any <>f till 111 u l!' 'til I ~rnt nut' > yni ' iH I i|( -in i| I ititv. ;mil \Mtli him I «»'!it a liriitlu r. Did I iliis ttiakc a j \v.ilk- <| wi- iMt in till' ^.inif -|itrit^ wilk-i-d ;> r iH't 111 tile -aiiif >l( p^ ' in Anaiii. iliiiik \i- lli.il ur iiii? wi- «|Kak lnl'iprr (m"! in C'liri>l ; liiit il,< all tilings, iKarly 1k - l<>vf«l. for your edifying. i;l. >niir •-.ilv.iliiiii (I ("'T. ix jj ' I In- I iniliijii^ wi-ic lii> "lnli'Mil iliiMrui. anil 111 , ,i~ llii ir spiriiual lallu r 11 I "r. u 14. i~i will I ■ iliiiii ilir 1111-1 lli-li ami s. ilaiiMii- H i;, ml iliat a lallu r -Im-u- In In- iliililnii. 111- ilii^\ anil lUliiilil luini: I ,ii 1;, r 111 |ii , ,\ i.j,- |. .r lib in 'liaii in lir 1,,,.M.1,,| 1.1 \-\ il .pi for the children ought not to lay up for the parents, llliilll^l) llli- iif iiilll-f. 1- 111'! lIU'.llll ti> lUiu iilial ..lilinaiiiiii - but the parents for the children, r.nil, lunvivir. like tin- v;iiMil lallu r I hat III' is, . and hr ^|.Viid> liim.ulf iitltrly t'lr tliini and ilifir s|iiriiital wt'ltaro. And I for my part (»■>">. "•<> far from luirdi ninv: v ' Willi iny siippnrt, will most gladly spend all iliat' I lia\.-. and be myself spent to the uttermost for your soiils. I ln 1 1- l ui!:u lU ' i laiiM's ( ti Milmt; o">oirui. / /,-,•,■ 1 .II I- I'l -I '.iIm 11 a- an iiuK pi tidi'iil -i iili iu i- ( M, \. K V \\ , -i. ..tt and il"ri 1, m l iii.iilim 1 ^..■i', / ; r. I a- a r'-mlit n 'ii.d -rill, w. r a;«]i; 1 ,! |. ■ 'l,i- |il rn diliL; I -u ill ihc inaai A \ 1 I In la!U r nu aniiiu' wmild 111', "ll. Imiiit; \i>ii tlir iiinn . 1 am |.\ii| till- ll--. I "ill ml an. I Ir -pint i..r Mm -'"'I-, i! ll 1-. uniil tin hik' rcla !iiin-!i:p luiiMiii r.- 1- i--alili-liril." I'ln- -1 nil- -'iliiij. llir niianiMi; ihrrrtnrc ]iri«l) ,iM\ I- -ininU ; if I love you the more, am I loved the less? — i'^ tins malici- and ini;ra!itiiiU- tin- ntiini fnf the more alum- daiit lii\c I laviilud ttpmi ymi? 16-18. Paul iu\t dial- with tin- 1111 worlliy -ii-|>ii-ii 111, wliiidi clearly had hi • n voiced, lliat. tli.iii'.'h In- own hand- an- dean, hi 1: ;- \.I. r,:"':j!i ! l- a'-;etn-. llellM d hiin-r'i :!a ■ ' ' ' «! uli they ll.ld had eli.Mue Granted i lit. " -n /•.■ ;/i. >.at -ay. that I did not personally lowi weight you down \\:',!i tlie l.iv !, n !•! ii's- Mipport. but like the crafty man that I am (iTapxa'i i I caught you by cunning di-cl.iini- 111 u .' 1 -niirni.; iii\ iii.l- thrnnyh niv aueii!- Tin- I'.i-i ili.iii;e 111. ly he ea-ilv n iiiii d hv a -tniple appi d I" l.u't ( )ll am pie\ ;.ai- inra-H'ii I'aid ll.iil 110 dmilit treii'iiiitly had . n-i .i-iiiii t" e.'in- niiiiiuMie '!iii- wuli the iinp.iri.iiit .and turbulent (. urinili — did I take advantage of you (cf vii J I by any of those whom I have sent 1 tiiroOTtX.Xw iii..re -.Miniii. i.r at li.i-l ii riii.d. liian »' iii.i> iiiirr I'l il'-. For did we not - he and I - walk in the same spirit? - - pii.n.irily peihaiiM llie hn|\ -piiii. to wliieh - .h " n\ 1 r ri .u'ham " a- i- hi re -iiL:u:i -led unnld Ik' inipn--i!.|, ; pr.u - !t:ea!ly the unrd- iiu.in. "in the -.mie -pint nf iinlile -ell ill iiial. uith the -aiiic I li i edniii t'rniii a\.inei " \iiil ,1- ihi ir inner i-piiil w.i- the -.line. -1. U.I- !!ieir nal- uard Ci.ndiM; they w.dknl in the same steps — Inns hut following in the foot- steps of I'aiil. The .Itostlr. Sol the .ifolonist (xii. i<>-2i ). 19. This hrief p.'ira'-Lrai li i- iineiideil to cnrrect the inipris-inii which iiUKht very n.iliiralU .iia-e in ihe innid- of the Coriii- lliiaii- ill. it I'aiil. ill 111- Miulic itmn of liiin- -. ;i 1 \, tl I h.i- heeii enn-litiitiiiK them his .indue-, ideaihiii;. a- it Were. ;it their har, and eauer fnr their verdict. Nothin.K nf the kind: ( ind i- hi- indije. and he i- their ,apn-ile You have been thinking mr Willi We-tenit and llnri. /i.i:.- \ u been •!■ :■! ■:: '! fo.r a Ifsng time i 1 iter than iraXii' nf .\. \'. il.,Ji'/ ) that it is to YOU that we are making our defence. 1 CiTlainlv not: von are iint tin indues (i jr r iv ,\y It is before God and in Uirlne nt mir felh •wslii]) with Christ that 'we speak Icf ii. 17). And all those [things that I have said, beloved,— the (11. XII] II COHINTIIIANS. .M I'i'r I fi-.ir, U'^i, wlit ii I iniiu-. I -.li ill iii^t liiul viu li .1- I .iiiil tl!.:t I 111- liillllll until Null MU-ll \0 \MHlM 11"! It'^t Ih.r,- ilili.itc-. iUW'.u.:-. wr.illi", >lnfi-. I'.n'kliitini;^, \vlii-|iiriiii.;^, •■u i iliiiK>, tuiiinl! - : (iiiil liMinlili- nil- \' n. .iii'i th.il I -li.ill liiu.iit m.iiiv wliuli li.iM- siimiil .ilrr.iilv. ;inil Ii:im I'nt rriiriili-cl .'t 'lir mi , I- . . lllr! I r-'l.-,l' .11 I' ll I I M-U I. .11- trndrrnfi* tla-siif* tItroiiKli ilu- ^ni-rify — \hiiml'lc. It u>> ri'.il utiurti.in to tlir are not in "un inlm -iN. aiiil In -iriir tin. r M' a th.il in thr pn m \it->' .1 vi-nlict i l .1 'ii:i:!.i! tr.'iii S'"t. Inn fori'^'""'' 'tuiul-. .ilniif, vMtli"iit waSif 1 >iiii|ily your upbuilding. Hi-- \ iinli.- iHim u .i- 1 u.: ..-./ii i, I m pinl J U ili. l it-' i i- nr.t 111 ilrliinl iiiin-ill. luit In i.iiiv lluni.hlir iM. n i-.irti.t I'. nil ti .ir- Im It wa- t'lir lluir <(/irt. ii lli.it ilu- I .. .i .1 ' ni li r i. .ii like lh.it ulikli lu' li.nl r\|nTi K.^\ 1- Inin his . -111111. irily (\ Si I ii i^. n. r 1 1, - m. . il .-n In^ ml m-iI; Imt cmii in (-■liln-.iti. .11. niiliinMinvr. i> tin- v:r<-.it l.i« "I ' li'Mnili.i!i..n li<- ri ..i..'ni . » ill. e'liilini; tin- i-li-Mili. ij. '. I iimniiL' tin- a.-lMli ni li.r ..i-l lis.' il' -.■ilihninj li.in.l .1 «li-. i- K when I come, my Cod may arain, .i- 30.. Ilu-i' \<-i-.> ( .H), .•! I >li..\v ti.ivv i li> t.Ti', humble me in my relations to MTi-ly the C.inntliiatw tK i .K'l t-ilihcii n m, ' ' • you, iiy >Ii'i«inK itic tin' -iMtiiy and imw little ciitiipi icnl tln-v wi re t<> pa--, irnil nl my work, and that I mav Ii.im* jtid(inicnt iiix'ti >ikh a man' as Paul As, to mourn over many of thote who shall I'ruffn.sor Demuy apily >a.vs. " i lu- Coriii ! not have repented of their former sina tiiians had liiiii sealing tluni>t'Ki> in im of - \ il impurity, and, in imt . lir, aj:i!ialion i>n tho tnhtiiial, ami tluy ar, fornication, and Tioinii- lasciviousness, siiiimiarilv sit on the lloor" For I am which they li.i\c committed. I'l li.it.lv afraid tHat, perchance, when I come, .Mi'.ir.l is ni;lit m r. i^.ir.lim; " m inx of It is nnvv tin- tli.it -p, , I may 'i.--- «'■« I .1. smtu-.l " as a nii!.| .'\_ find you not p.ir.- ami p., m i!'... such as p. n t"r "tli.- 111. my «li.i ha\.- sin,....}" I would, and that I may be found by .m- Hi'.sr wIm arc hh-a hi a .nii.ii you I . ir li-ss pi . it.alih . •• in \ . .;ir 1 ml:4illt-nt " I '^-.n '.t ll.r.ri-^ siini,.! 1 pi pp 1 ii. it ..Illy siuh a, / u..nl.r n.-t. 1-:U iiltc l:.|..n- wii,.:- rr..i.iM\ li.t.m- tli.it <:\- \i::..r..ii'slv such as YE would not, .m n.^n.-i- m'.i tin- i-inir.-li Mi.- s.-v:,! ,111, a.i.iiiiii-lr.ip.r ..i ill 1 i|il:m' ami ili.i-'i-t 111. lit am! pr.i.-ti.is ul;-,li r.ml h. r.- i;',iii... .it i^ i s ,1- 1 ji , ; that perchance s.i iii..nrniii!lv il....-.- iiin.-iis. p. li .ip- mii I there may. be found 1 s!ippl\ .Mn-.il ..mt angry outbursts ipl:; 1. faction . r m- int.i tin- Christian .Inti.li li\ iimiiv \\h>> siuh :i-> Inrnl scrsaiits i fpi"oi 1 . iii.-r.-.l it. Iliis >iisi.i(-i..n ii-c.ims s.iine niiLilil In- ui iliy lit. ' ■:.iiiaii..ii ot . liar . ■ niiirtiiatii m fn.in xiii. .'. w li.-re lh..s.- -aIh) attir wlutli.r iiy i.| ; slander, or strrt t i li.ul Mtiiu-.l licl.irr" app'ar l.> stalnl 111 a whispering, conceit, disorder. Thcsf .iroiriass l.> tlunis.K.s r.ml, with his pas- ai: iniip. is i.r acts synipt.nnatic of the i"ral hiart. ii.v . . i . . ■ .iml p..r'y spirit II Cor. i. lo f ) which was siinu rs. iitiiikc tli. ( .. i i' .i; who lirciiuliciai lo the (lelice and unity ..f the sh,,„iil ili. ir spiriiu.il , .illn .1, s, l.v • m,t church, and insiiltiiiK to (Iml who w is a Hi' niniinv' " ..v.-r tin 111 11 t n -• 1 It (J.mI of onl.r. ti.it of iVH/ii.vi.'ii II (.ir. ;is siv'iiilicant tli.it_ '1, .,\ ' i 'i I'.nil xiv. ^5). . air. ml he will tiinl. w' ' - . to 21." Hilt the character «il the church v'nrinth. ;iri- s.,i. ,.1 i.hIi. ii .umI l.ist U.I- 1.1 111- iiiiperille.l hv lust. 11.1 less than . I he-e are ilu- t .\ . . m--' pr . .mmh. ii- isp. - l.v ilisoml. and this fear seems to li.- .-v.-ii-..'' -m in t!i.- tirM .m-^'!. . .in.l ti . \ iii-i-l iii. .r.- Iu,-i\ilv upon the Iv.art of I'.nil lli.in l.ive he.-n \l weak, I I'Ut I- iniKlit \ III \ . HI. } l "r lli"ii^.'li 111 u.i> rriUMlu-ii llit.ii;i:'i Wl.lklll--. Ml Ir ilMlll In till' jlMUir 'it I 1' mI I iir \v r all u ' ,iU ill I mil. li'il wi' I^ImII Inr uilli liiiii ]i\ till- |iiiv\.r nt ii."l I Ii n\ aril Mill. I' v.iiiiiiii' _Miiir-i !m wlii tlur )r In' in i.iiili. |ir"M- >iMir ■'\Mi X l\r-. 1mi"\s Tlu- I'liiiil Appfttl (Niii. i-io). 'I hi- iii'ii I't .iiitlinrily. wliii li li.iii I'll " \ iK<.riili-l> -.liiHk ill tile pal .iL'rapli. liri-iiilH -' I'M'ii iiinri- pMiiiiini lit ami \\ii'<\- I ^ 'I' 'I""' Ii,. ■ „ ,11 n.ii -p.in Hi- p-,\. t u ill lln n In- ,1> l,Ii\li,ll~ .1- 111- Hr.lklli^- iMil llll'll. liill. uilli III- I'M IrinKilii Il'' 'I l>ii--'- fr.iiii ilii- 111 tlu- i-\pn --i"ii of -i iirayiT that lliiir i-.iiiiliut «ill I'C >" K'""! f""' .M-uiity that lu' will liavo mi wcasinn to cxiTci-i' hi- aiitlinntv. I. 2. This is the third time that I am coming to you Ui Nii- " f 'his s.n- tiiu'c, ami llii' niiist natural mti rpn t.iiinn ilittiilllt 1(1 il.niK- wIl.tluT Paul, in thus i-itiii« I K iiti niiintiiy -\i\. 15. is pi i> fully n ijanliiiij lu> m-ii> .1^ thf \\itiu--i - llic IH \t. vvliiih wa^ tin- thnil. I.rini: ilril-l\r i T wlulhiT llr is srriiill-I\ aii'l -I'li iiiiiN a--! rtiii.!.; ih ii ihi- lu \l imu' hr 1-.II1U-, ihr v.U,Ar -iiii.ilfii wll hi iiii- ]iai li.i!l\ iiiM -ti-Mii il aihl thr ti 'lh r-l.ili- h-linl. ,it ,1 l.iiinji iimI I'l ih.ip^. -l. ;il a- thr i-iiiilivi 1-. ihr inniur 1- iiinn- 111 tlu- iii.iiiiirr I'f I'aiil. To those- tin- l-|;i». \\ alliiil^i! Ill h\ thr ^allU• Wnni in \ who are livinR in their old sins. ' all the rest wlm Umk fur wanl li ..V \i-it with .1 liapari'il lufuri.'. in ii"t ruiuiii).;. i. .'.?). What precisely th:- ihn.it iir- Iilie>. is tml 11 It 1111 A!:.thir -imply the stiTii e\iri'i-i "\ ^piiuiii! a\i!h..rily. or some signal and Iniracul^Jll^ puiii>hiiient -iiih a^ fill iipiiii I Kiiia-i I V ' i '. if. 1 I nr. V, 5). I'liih.ihK till u\ 1 1 tiiiiii;^ wmilil iiiit hr i|iii!e ih-!iiht ill till' liiiml (if r.ii:l; "vMiiiijir- ' wiT .uiiniii,' the -ii;ii - "I .111 .ip. i-tlr I \ii, ij I . 3. 4. It i- ihi -iip'ui^iii uf the I'.Tili- tlilaii- that iliiM- I'.iiil 111 thi- -liril I'M r I'i-e ill hi> .■lulhiirity ; it 1^ iui'i--ar\. 111 nnlir 111 emuiiu'e ilu'iii lliai ( lout is flwik ii^ ■H liiiii. I t. (// )/.'/ jr/'inr. see- ing that you are seeking a proof of the Christ that speaks in me — the Christ who in relation to jrou, .-is you will lind wlun I come, is not weak but powerful among you. Paul's wnnls and arts will lie -11 aiitliiiritative as to carry the con- vietion that t'liri-t is sprakiiiii ami work inn in and tlinntKh liun. Paul is imleed one with ( Imi-i. .dike in his wcaknesa and in his pi.vM i I he weakness cvideiicetl iiin^t lerril'K li>' ihe rnirilixiim, and the pnu iT iiiaiiiir-t. li liy the n ^urri ctimi, have ri pi .iti'd till '11-1 i\ I > 111 till- r\|ii'riencc of I'. ml. \^ li -11- li.iil luiii enuitied, so he had hi 1 11 liiniilih i| ( \ii. ji l; .and as surely .1- Ji -n> h.id hiiii ra:-id tn ;iii e'ldliss iir;. //(• /.'."i.il trniinpliani hie. -o siinly wiiiild he I::,-, ill-piiril hy the -..uue /'.Tiri' ' • (,.1/. ,iiiil -li'iw ihe hii- ili.it w,is in hiin hy till- aiitliiirily In- wirihl \v ii Id. Ihi-. is ;i p.i-- i;>:e til. it li.ippiK illii-iratrs I'. mi's iii> -;ir;-iii ; he is n m-i-n ms of >li,irunj ihe wi .iUiii -- .-11111 the life iif t'hrist. For He was indeed crucified through weakness < the Weakness whieh issues in de.itli Jesus shared with man: in a sense this was then the source. «k, of the cruciliNinu ), but now He lives through !»V source) the power of God who raised Hin: from the ill .111 ((i.d. i. 1). For we also, as is shiiwn hy our humiliating experiencis ( \ii ji. n) are weak in (some .\I.SS. read I,, V' Him liie eriiciried Um . but with i Him, th, risen One, we shall, by the j-aiii, power of God that raised Iliin. live I .iild I \li:|iil \iv;nri>iis tnkelis nf life and power in relation to you, i 5, 6. Ihe man who could write the : la-t tvMi \ I r-i-s i- very conscious that /ic j is in the faith, c.in olTer proof (Sommv, ver. Cm. Mill II roWINTIIIANS. -JH \i iMt ytir own -ilv< >, li"W that ji^'is ; >» I 'T hi' .in k' I'l. wii'ti wi- arc wc.ik, I liri-i i~ m >'>ii. i\r«iit yi- In niirnli.iii^ ' jjnil >i- .ir<- -tioni; ami this alvi wv wi^li, (i lliil 1 trii^t tliat yi' -li.ill kw'W tint \\r i\ i n \' <-r p. il.i ti iti art' ii^'t n i)r. 'Ii.iti >. I<> lli.ni.'t.' I uti!i' llu ilui:k!- Im- 7 I pI.H til > -li.MiM i|.. ilia! wliull is li. .lU'l, j I lir l,t«r.| I1..1I1 liK' In i .ii|uall"il, .lliil 'li. iivh \\i l.i i> npr'iliaii-', tmt In tUstriurlmn. K !■'. 'T v\, l aii <\i< ii"tliiiin auaiii-l tllc ' 'ri!!!i. 1 III for llii- inilll. t . iriil' liiall . ! ! . •• 11! i"M li ■ an 1 -■ I- U ill i 1 III' I i llI.Mii;ll..tH lli; . I rnnw; mi oumui; i ; I aii(l ?!lnnil tlio t< -1 ■,\ ould '. \i'l! I' 11"'; ' llim to tli> iii'< K > s, anil V iuM >laii(l till' li p [--aci'. I'll iiii;< > all' i|iroii|i, AvhifiiW (111 iml In llii' jirooii, .iinl diViM^ot iliaiint; Hn pio,.!, iiuaiiaMi' "i -I iiiilni'4 till I' -t. ri jirol all t wliiili it i» iiiiicrtuii il' K ini| il'ii' '" 1 1 iirniliii'i- in l'.i,v;lixl,. Try YOURSELVES nu.t m. ) whether you are living in the faith wliuh •.a\< s Ilk- SI ml. lutith is iianlly In ru llic ■ nliitctivi- Christian cn-cil (ct 1 Cor. xvi. lint we can sec from such a [la-sa^t- hiiw the way was nrcpari'd for this ti»c of the word. Put YOURSELVES to the proof. Or do you not know as to your- selves that Jeius Christ is in you? except indeed, lu .hIiK. you are reprobates, un- approvi'd. li.ui' faiUd in the test. IK'- pluralile thiMi^;li ihc -.iln.ilinii is in many I'i ii- pliasi's, till > .11 1-, HI -"iiu' ri .il si ii-c, a Cliri-tiaii eluircli, Clin-i i- prr^'nt aiiiDiiK tlu'iii, and i-. iii~! n u!<^ llu' id' al liy uhiili llu y inn^t iiii .isiirc ihrin-i Ka -. ■■ lluy (Uiuhl I., rn-i'^'ii/o ('lir:-' .a^ a p.. wa r in ll'i iil-i K r~ - - mill ''^ indi id liiiiiK iniiiiurfi 11 riiri-lMii-, f.iiiiiia rn"'-' lu r llim ln'i-.in-r I Ir i» li"t lla 1.' " I >ia-- ~lrl. And il ( liii-l 1~ rr.illy 111 and aiii";:;.' t'.ulll, if llli'y llu lli-rKa > an- IH't li prnlr.ltr-, lluy oiiiiht til \t.i\v III) dilliculiy in in-i.i;- iii/ltiK lliat r.ml ii" ri jiri ilialr ; I hope you will recognize that WE 1 iM"? 1 are no reprobates. I In- iilin al^n I'l- ni'i r- pri lfd in a tliri :iU'niitu '-rii-i' : "wluii I . a u a. Ii.-r . lli.il. li'.'.i . '. i r. ■ ■ ' i 111. I ■ ', . a' all . but in order that YOU may act nobly, i\cii though WE be as reprobates, I li< vinne of the CoriiiiliMiis will ri MCI doiiMv mi I'aiil. it will li iw Iiini !i"ih "appmxed anil " uii.ippros < d " ; approved — iM-caiise, under (iiMl. tlu y owe that virtue to hnn ; iniaiiproved, lieeause he is n"w diprunl of Ii:> ■< llu 1 1 lint the l.iMrr motive dm's iioi wi ii'ii " in I a d For we cannot do anything against the truth, but we c.in oiilv act in behalf of the truth. I'.> //!<• Imtli p. ml .ipjiarently liualls lure " llie V;'.-p.l"; .iii.l llii« -ill leiice I'liiitu iale^ tlu principle which yov- ellU'd al! Ill- .111' Jirei iiilu lal lo tl di» ulial woii'd lit'- he ua- pri I - II ! •!; .' l;. fillll ar.'.l -ll.I. Il lid II- mil 111 ml 111 ■ 1 lo iiolliuii; oilld iillK n -t-. .and veil wllell U ii,.'i..M \.a 1 .1 ' K 1 1 . .' I X u,ii'.i»r > for we are ^lad when WK are weak, willio-i' . 1.].! It ' iiiiiy I'I .1--. n oiir .null' irilv. and YOU are so strong 111 ( hn-ii.iii iliarntir ill, it such an asseriion of niy anilu riiy hecoines uiniece-sary. And this we nut only reioicu over, hut pray for also;— your restoration, atneiidin. in. per- This is why, in my absence, I things, i-pecially the l.i- stern pas- iL'e . intiiiu; '.'!■! ^1 JO. in order that, when I am present. I may Inot li.iM !•. deal wi'ii > •! abruptly, c i .f/iii>'/"/v. .iiiil li: lI 1 i)ia> .1 ■ in accord- iance with the authority which the Lord I pave me for building up and nut fecting.' write these far I 1 \.ic !i irpl> demolition h.i pnllinc ■!'' V'- lea-t an <■■] spirit of ill. It entrustetl hy Chri-l in s Si It II will L» III'T. Ilk. !i:i!i laniiliii'.' lip, and -o ,1! ita n' . , ,11' 1 ,1 ellll, II oi till aiilliorily wi'ii which he was 212 II CORIXTIIIAXS. [Ch. XIII II iMiially, lirttlircn, t^in uill. Ho i)i r- fict. In' "1 H""'l I'oiiHorl, be i>i OIK- inuid, live' 111 piaii ; anil tlic- God of love and |Hai-i- sliall 111' \Mlli you. I J (iri'ct one anoiliiT with a holy kiss. I J, All tin- saiiit-. -ahiti' ymi. 14 Tlic nr. ire c.| the l.iTil Jc^iN Cliri^t, aii> in \tr. 11 eseept ihe t'n-t. (luuily Klani'i- at tin' \m .ikne---r^ i.l lln' Li Tiiil hi.iii , hiiii'h : llu n p.U'. iivImM) ibc Id ' I X' not iii!|ni-Ml)Ie, I I, 1. - I. \Mili pi rh.ip-- spici.il rel'ereiioe ti> l!u 1 N ih •! tal ii ai- tli.il iiiuni ■li.iu ly fiillnw ; be of the same mind, be at peace — the eiir~e I'l the Lurinthiaii clmreli. a> uf an 111 111 driek iiiditieal lite, was tactimi and "trite (et. I Cur. i. lof.). And (iud. wlm 1- the God OF LOVE will he with yon. when .Vi'K are at iinitv with utie aiiotlur, and the (i-.d of PEACE will be with you. will II \ II all' .11 I'l.ur ui'h one an r. I lir pi.ii i' .Hid li.\r ot llie Corin- llii.in i''iiir>li. a> i!;>- 1. "< r -!i"U-. have 1,1, n >.i tliion).;!! Ih,- \.ia,i- I'l Jtsiis (et. viii. 1*) thai I'aul has li-.iMii.l of //;,' /,',-,' .7 (/I a sulneetue dilutive, like 1 the other two, the lellowslup or coiu- iininiou will he that wliieli is produeed ainoun Christian men hy the spirit; hut if it lie olijeetive, it will mean participa- tion in the liuly spirit, and in liis uracii)us nifts ;ind 1 'pi ratioiiv. 1 his heiiediction sweeps mail "tic.i'Iy from eternity t" eu r- liity. It CI mil U'lilaU s the love <>f pa->.ii;e irt. .\l,il. xwin. I'M \m .,111 ~> <' till' I rinit.iri.'in d''r:ruu i.ikiii'j ^' il'i' The grace of the Lord Jesus , Christ 1. and ; the love of God, and the fellowship of i the holy Spirit, be with you all ' iiuliidinK hi^ in.iliciou" ■ ppouent^ ; a \iiy iiolile and wonderful ending. EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. liitri>diii'tioii. riu' t]ii-iU- tn ilio » .alati.-m- lia- Imii call \ '•one of tlio apostlfV niiiihtiot iil1ii-l in uliiili ilif viry lite of l'hri>liaiiity \va- at -laUi'. and rviTV line "f ii i- iiiMimt uiili ;iif come oviT thcni in ili. li" ,iM',i;;.!r |.. ilic -.-i.rl he liao;i ilio-e who iiroclaiin anollur uo-pel liian his own (i. S. i/l, he calls the dalatian- iniintclli.uent for allowin.i; ihein- selvcs to Ik- misled hy this -m-j.c! which is no i^ospcl ( iii. it. he reminds tliem with deei) enioii,.n of ihe marks ..f Jesiis which lie luar- upon In- l„„lv I vi. 17) ; and all iluouuli tlie K itiT we feel that it is a " marked man wh.t i- -peakini;, a man marked Ii\ in-i-ht into the meaning; of the life ami death of hi- Lord. 110 Ic-s than hy the wounds which he had received, in His -ervice. \\li-e\er i- the !!iaiii.!ea-er (\i. 1 -• 1 . it certainly i- not Paul ( i. ini: hi' i- tlu' intrepid defi >dcr (if the inith. lie m!e exp^ ■.■.!. ..'i. H. 1 '-r he i- I..0 .M-afftl! ever 1,. t'-r-el the niih. 'iitidi d enthti-ia-iti with which tiny h,id received him when In-l he came anion- them. Hi- vi-ii wa- .hie to the acci I'.^M u 'th their very exe-. lor lu^ ..ke. ha.l -lu-li a thiii:4 Ikiii po-^ilile i iv. 151. ^ It i> one of til ironie. ..f New Te-tament eriliiiMn that uv .■■ not .lefmitelv knou ul.. the>e people were, (.alalia, ili- •■■uuUy uhuh 'lu-> IkIou-oI ,nav Ik- i.ikrt, in a nam.uer or a lar-rr ~ui-c. Mu- .■•-'"ix lake, its name from the ( .allic or i ekio trihe- whieli ha.l eome troiu ue-iern 1-nrope an.l sellle.l alnrnt _'S„ li.C'. in the eenter an,l louai.l- th. no.ih o- what we now eal! ia Minor. The uor.! mas al-o he u-e,l. ii..ueNrr. m a wi.ler .en^e. 1 or ei^luv y ar. , Mom .5 Iki .alalia ha.l heeu a K-.man province an.l the term wa^ n^e.l f. cover part, .-t Thrvma. l.yeaonia an.l piMclia. to the -..ml. of the ori^mal - ..ablia,- Tlu- inho -t o, ,lu omin.- ^.,•~v 1..- n. llu^. that, if the uonl i^ u-e,l in it- nvUt -n-e. ue kn..vs -..metlrnm the el.mvhes t.. which the epistle i> a.t-lre-.e.l. .or tlu-v w-nl.! then Ik- the churches of Amioch ,m Pi-i.lia), Icnium, I.vMra an.! iWhe. ,he Morv ..f uho.e fomLlii-^ i^ tokl in Act. xiii.. xiv, ; while .1 the u..r.l i> „.e.l in it> narrower M n-e ..1 the C eltic p..pnlati,.n ..f N. .rth . lalatia. we know- no, hin- .>f the chnrdte. f. which the epistle vva. a.Ulres.e.I except what may he inferred ftoin the ei-i-tU ii-r!f. 1„ favor of ,l,e latter ilu.TV. winch, till a comj.araiu el) rccmt .!ale. hel.l the tiel.l pracucallv nn.l.-pute.l. it ha. heen ,iri:e.l that the .en-nou-ne.. the love of strife (v. .<». -'nl an.l of novelty . i. whuh ipp- to hav . lia.- acteri/e.l the recipient. ..f the letter. p..int t.. a I clue .le.tmal.on. Cnt tlu-e trait, are Imman rather than .pecilically Celtic .v. 17*. an-l any ar..nment l.nilt u,..m them mnst he MMtiewhat in.ec.tre. There .. more t..rce m the annnnent that an imp-rtant k -m- u, 1, a- ihi. n. Jit natnrallv he espectcl „;i„. a.l.lre.-e.l to the four ...nthern churchc, uhuh were tlu Iir 1 irmt. .-t Paul-. mi..ionarv activitv am..n.u the (lemilc: an.l on the ..th. r han.l, th.at anv ntini.trv of Vaul's mnon- the iVhic p. p:!,,' . .n of • .alai.a ^-'-M .v'-rU have' 1. ft a .l.cper trace iii^.n ,lu I k of \cl-. In p..nit lact. , ,,lat"ia i^ there menli.a.cl onlv twice, an.l ilu u n cry hrielly. Ac xv,. >k xvm. \ nn.ent.. however, from expectati..n an.l .iUnce are n..ton..u.ly tal- hu-ious. ^SielTert retnin-L u^ tha, th.. of Panr. n!at-v. u nn-ucce..tnl ,,T,.rl at \thcn. =. recnlcl 'Aith c .n-Llerahle fulne-. m the 1 k .'1 Act., while that hook ha. verv little t.. ^av that thr..w. ativ real li-Jn up.... the relation of I'atil to the church of fonnHi. ulcli n., u,.i k-,. an.l Mn,«.rta,it letter. It i. true iha, Taul - vM-te . i ihc pl.ice- he vi.ilcl iiu.kr ,l.e name. ,,f ,lH K,.man provmces t.. which they iuloM^nl" : hut th.. tact -loe. ti-t ,„ake for ..ne si.le more than for the other. It only .how. that hy ( .alat.a he „,„y have .tieant tlte southern cities in I.ycm.nia. etc.. htit hy no ntoans that he must. INTRODUCTION The arjjuinents on hotli ^idcs arc st) finely balanced that it is extremely ) nipathize with Jtilicher when he says. " The wlmli' o>iUr()ver-y i> but of slender iniiK)rtance ; . . . am! if in-ioad of ' (lalatian'^ ' we ^ay ' (. hristian coiiinnniitio in the interior of Asia Minor." the (li>|)nte is at an end." Tlierc cirtainiy secnis to be no overwhelming reason for aban>ionary journeys respectively (xvi (i, xviii. -\^). and two visits arc implied by this epistle (cf. iv. 13. 16). Perhaps the scale i- tiiriuil slii,duly in favor of tlie North Cialatian tluory by the account of I'aul"- illuc-s ( iv. i.^tY.) of which, a^ I'.ou->e1 ■-ay-. " tlicre i- no trjice in .\ct> xiii.. xiv. ( )n tile contrary, we receive here tlie impression of an exfra<)rdinary capacity for movement and work on the part of the ajiostle. That trait woiiLl. In lu ever, tit in ailmirably with tlic hint- of the jouriuy in Act- xvi. (>i. When il is recorded that i'aul, hindered by the spirit from preachini: the i;(i-pe! in .\-ia, went thi(tni;h Phrvt^ia ami Galatia, we may venture to .•i--nnie that tlie allii-i^n i- to tiic -ickne-- nientioncd in (lal. iv. i.^. which the aiiih'ir of Act- rci^ard- a- a di-ii<>-ltion of i 'rovideiice."' Tliou'^li tlure i- no acconni in the brief notice of .\ct- xvi. (>. of the fomidinLj of churches in North (ialatia, this is as t^fMul as imjilied by the subse<|uent notice in xviii. ^ iliat I'atil "went throimh the rcL'.ioii of (i.ilati.i and I']iryi.;ia. in order, i-slul'Hsliiii;:, all the disciples." '1 he date of the letter is as ditticnlt to detcrmit.e as its de-tin.ntion. but it must obviously fall after Paul's second visit to (ialatia — wliether very -01 in after or not will de])end iiixm the inter- jin-t.-ition of Iii- conii>Iaiiit that the (lalatiaiis were "so (luickly " chanjiinj; tlu ir alk-iaiicc ( i. (>). In any case, we cannot ^o far wronsj; in assij4;ninj; the letter to the jieriod of Paul's loni; stay at l^ihesus, at the conclusion of his thiri! nii--ionarv iourncx. and probalily to the year 55 A.l). Tlie iiieniber-liip of the ( ialatian churches imi-t have been. i)erhaps not fxclu-ivelv, but at any rate predominantly, of Gentile extractiim. They are pealed to, and a knowIediLje of it pre>-uppo-ed, is far from provinij that the majority of the rea\vi-li. ( liri-ti.in itrcachiiiL:. fmdinL;' a< it did in ("liri-t tlie fultillmcnt of the proiiii-es, could hardly ignore tlie ( )ld Te-taiiient : but apart from this, the peculiar nature of the situation out of which the epistle firew. rendered the appeal to the had ili^iiir1>ed the cliurili at Anti'u li \>y tiarhiiii; *■ Mxcept ye he eirciiinci>eil alter tlie cu-lum of Mi»e-., _\e camiot l>e >aved " (Acts XV. I : cf. (lal. ii. 41. Paul accuses tliein of vanity and insincerity ( iv. 17. vi. 13 t : |iM-.siI,lv at Ixittoin they were really ^ntt'erini; frnni o in\ eiit ii .ii.ilii \ . Tliev had not i'anr> tjenins for >epar;ilin,L; tlie o^eniial Ironi tlie accitlental in reiis;ion; tliey eoiild not see tliat. as tile C hri-tian religion was final, it needed no buttress from |udai-ni, and that t.i in-i t ti]" n thi imc^ity of (ili-erviiiL;' lewi^h rili'< aii'l eeri'iin .nie-- w,i~ pf.u-liraUy to ileiiy ihe ^uttKH lu y of C hri-t. If they, a> Jew-, cared, a> a niatu r of iiahi!, to retain tlio-c iIihil;-. there was no reason why they should not ; hut to iinpo-e theni upon ( lentile^ wa- to mistake altogether the i^etiiii- ;ind the deniaiiiK <•( ( hri -i laiuly . Al- ready, in Taul's ah>ence. they had made coti-ideralile headway; iiiiiier tlie fascination of their arijuments. the (ialatiaiis were l)ei;ini)in„' to oh-t rve the sacred dav^ of the jewi>h caKndar ( iv. lol, and tlu \ wnc l onteiiiiilatniLC circunici-ion i v. j. \ i. iji. Tlu'ir ari;unuiit ajipear- t" lia\e Ik i ii, not indeed that tlie^e thin.^rs were ah-olulely ohli-atory. hut dial lliey -et the crown u|m>!1 the salvation which was already their> in Christ: acceptance of the Jewish law secured their ]ilu-e ni>'re tiriiily. s, , i,, -prak, hy hriiiuiiiu' dieiii delinitely within the pale of the chosen people. It was a louusel of juTtection. Paul's scornful and ironical <|iKstion makes short w<eoi)le. the .Messiah llim-ilf had heeii a jew, the promises ha.l been L'iveii to Ahraliani .;n.l t" lii^ m < .1. and the visible -i'^n oi that seed was circuiiieisioii. To lu. ome heir to tlie jironiises. one niiist be associated with Abraham's seed by the ^it^n of circtimcision. ( ircunicision niiL^lit iic^i be everythiiiLT. but it was nmch, and to -ay. will. 'anl. that it was ii.'tliin.: (vi. IS) was the rankest of heresies, lii.l Paul know what he \.as .loiii',' in ilenyintr the efficacy of the law? Tf this were .!-i!e !up. If his practical interpretation of the srosjiel difTer- fn .m that . f the Jerusalem church led by the " pillar ' apostles, so much the wor- for him. 217 1M8 IXTKODrCTlON It i-- for tlii- rvn^tm tli;it Paul c hi- ixpu-iiiitu of lln.' with a .k iVii-c nt liiiiisdf anil a Matcim-nt of the lUvuic origin of hi-< aixMlf-hip. His rail and his yospd he owe- to U mi- I liri>t an.l to (,..,1. n .t t.. inaii. Hi- i'„l,]„i„l.iit riLilit- a- ail apo-lK^ !i:m1 l>i'i'n cnnceiici hy IVtir hiiu-vlf. uli. ii lu' .L;a\o iiim tlu ri.^lii liaii.l of i\ 11. .u -lii].. an.l on one crucial iK'caMon he ha.l even opiH.-ed Titer to his face. The ina.irniticent exix.sition of the pi-pel which follows ( iii. It.) m-Tc tli.m jiiMitu- lii^ claiiii to in.lciHii.lcnrc : tli. ri' wa- no man of liw own time, ami li w men of any time, who-r vu w of history wa- -o profoitml. or who saw so de irly the emaneipatinir jxiwer of the new reii.^ion. One does ii..! \v..n.l.r iliai hi- op,M.m'nt- uri> amazed and provoked l.v hi- attitude to the law. To tluir coii-teriialion. he siMike .,1 it a- l.rin.L;in- a curse u-i. lo, . he often seems to make the opposition hetween the old order, represented hy the law. an.l the new. repre-ented hy C'hri-I. a- linal. Net he ha- to,. ].inrlratin.L;- a view of hi-tory to he- lievc that one perio.l can thn- -tan. The law had the infinitely inil>ortant function of .leei.enin;: the nio,.d e. .n-ci. .u-ne-- ( ni. i<)). .„„! tlu'i- ..f preparinj; men for Christ. Its imiclion was temporary, hut e-sential. Yet. thouirh this i- true, it is no less true th.it the new reli-ion i- a revo- lution.iry foive. Chri-t -tan.l- at the center of hi-tory: He create- a new \\orld. ////.•» till' fulness of the time cuiiu', Uod sritt forth His Son ( iv. 4). who houoht us ,■.,1 from the curse of the low (iii. — these are words of astoni-him^ in-i-ht and power, which -how h..w o.mi.letely Paid -ra-ped the imi; the INTHODUCTIOX 210 deeds of tin- law, and jii-tituation In failli in (. liri>t. I-.vi-ry hone>t oni- sciciico admits the inriiKT way t.« W iini" -m1>Ic : thm-f«>rc juMitication is possible only to faith. lUit that faiili -iitricicnt — it need not Ik an l cati- iint he •-uppleinemed. If (. liriM redeemed n^, we are re.Ieemed indeed and need nu Inrtlier redemi)tinii. Th.-e miMinder-tand and iiiMilt llini wlio pre- tend to complete by circnnuision or in any other way the \\<>rk wliieh lie accomplished (iii. 3'. T.. inM~t iii-n e tliin-- i- pra.-ii, ally -ever o«r conneetion with I iiri^t ( v. 4'- ' ' dealt in thi> epistle to the ( ialatian-. once fur all >h.H,k t hri-tianity free from the incubus of judai-m. Had hi> opin-n.-ni- liad ili.ii a i' . 1!' new reli^i-n wnuld in all ,.n.hal.i1ity - ^n have -mik Im ilu- level an n.M-t eani Jewi-ii -eet. impotent to make it> way in the ureal wrld wher.'. l-r tiu' iiv-t ).art. the elalx.rate ordinance- of the Jewidi law would hav.' in. am l. .. than nothW. and vanity. I'-nl by hi> (iod iMven itiM-ln. I'^'il m I ii in e ..t its enrnmhranee-. and sent it unimi.eded to nm it- nu-lity e..m-e tin . .-iidi. -ut the worhL It no aeeideiit that l.nther ua- jiowerfnlly aitraeled !o tin-. lM.ok. Seldom have llure Im.u ;v.. ran lii.-re akin in their rel;.;i..n- . x-m enee hef.-ro e.mver-i,.n, in ilie lu-'..neal pi-hlem^ I.v uhieh th-A uer. o„i- fromed. or in their api.reeiat.. .n m1 il.e lih- riy wi-.h uhirh ,-pd it uh.eh C"hrist makes tucn free. ^ In it- ancient form, the o.ntrover y v.hi.-lt i^ave hirdi 1- ih.' .|.!-!.e Mie Calaiian- dead, and can never he revived: hut in -.me f. .rm -r ..ilur it ],a~ iiM/l ..n. and cotuinued to di-imb the peaee and pr.. perity of the ehureh and of the individual -old. N., i hri-.ian u 111 . v. r a-ain a.lvH-ai.- a r, v. v-..u I.-uMi nr.linanee-. or aruue liiai the re.l.mptive ^^..rk whu'!, ( h-i t has ,i,„u. n.M-t he eoni,.!eted or cr-wned hy ein-nneio', ,„. ll,„ .till iraduiou inav lav lu.avy hand v]*m the -.-id; -till !h> ■ ' 'hat dv 'nl ! i ^^ ' ,1,,. vva'v .f imd..m may v. .ar the -haeUle- th.it hamper th-.r fvov.re,-. ■I'lu- ..M n-iMake i- made, aivl ii- i^atl.. iiv o .n- . pu nee- are ivpe.ited, when men alk.w anv dwetrine or cn-i..m . r .^rdinanee t.. l.'t:er ihe freed..m .-i ;!„ r soul- or when tluv peniiit th.-m-.U. t- drift or be draun int.. any l^-.d ,,| 1..n.ia"e bttt the -erviee of ( hri-t an.i of .-ne an-.d.er. I n:e re!i.:.i..ii 1- free.k.m. •• It wa- f. a f ree.l .m that Cliri-! -el n- free: Maud la-t iheretore ■ind be u-t ent:mide.l a'.-ain in (any - v.-ke ..f 1-n-' :-:e - 1 v. i 1 h- ureal ,„.,,p .hi,!, ,.,„i...di.- forever the chruMer of t hr. :^an freed.,;,,. Sd-atier ,l,.,,,'il,e- a- -pevhap- the mo-t a.hr.ind.le maml. -ia.'^..u of the a].o-tle-s .^eniu-. There i- iiotliin- in aneieiit or modern literature t.. be cou.parent I'V .1' Ml- (..'i 1 !, ,iMcl ( i-'l tin I'.itlu 1, uli" Inui Ir.'iii ilic J Anil all llii Iin.lhn.ii_ w hu ll arc uiih iiif, iiiittj the chtircln's <'t (ialatia: .5 (Ir.nc /',• in yon. mill inaci-. fr^iiii Ciml th. I'.iilur, aiiti />()m our Lord Jesus (■hr!>t, \ Willi K-i\<' hini-i If I'.ir imr >in~, th.it ho iniLhi ck iiM-r n-> Iri.ni lliN pn-i iit i \ il uurlil. acoiriliiiH lo tla- will uf liotl and I'lir Fallicr: 5 I'o wliuiii In- ulnry for iviT and fviT. .Xiin'ii, jan ii|!i.iliiy wiili tlic Twiim-. Ilr u.i- ii"l ' in.i' . i! . , '1. .| ihirini; llir i-.inhlv ln\-|iiiir I, 2. Paul II ii.ill.v iHjni- lii^ Kl'. i^ liv "I ,li-!;- a jmini ui;iih iin (ioiihl Inlil rall'iiiL; liiin^ill' an apostle i . f. l (m,, j'ayam-I hiiii in ihr inimU ni hi-- . ipp. .ncnt^ ; I'lir. I. hn! iiMuhiir, in the ii it r. "hu", p in tuMuit he rninvid tl.i.- niiiuui- di--! ii ut ii in m|' ,'ni)iha'u' a idaini ' liiMin callvd l^y ilu- i /.<•■); Chri-I, MaufniT (ii)d 1^ lu re iir>iTihid as uin- who raised Him {Ciinsi) from the dead. And I'ai:! i!K-lndi> in lii^ .un-otinn all the brethren who are with me — pr ibahly not all tlio a Irlur, to ih.r a|i<'--lli -h:;. a- hiTi-. 11:^ claim iia> . h\:.ii'>ly Ijiiti 1 11. I '-'i tii-al!v ili-imttd. and hr iMii do ii.illiiir^ h> way of corriTtiiig ihi' ra.hi-al ini- ■ 'iHi|ition ol thr no^p.-] into whuh llu' (i.d.ilian^ Ikim' fallril. nnnl he lias coiivinciimly « >t.-il,li^lu <1 the idialk iiHi d claim. In tlu- i-niplia^is ami ahrnplni " of llio inlrodiiiMioii can lu ir tin.- oniin.. sounds of tin- v;atlii riiiu storm. Ik' lu-gins Iiy atVinnniL; tli.il his c di t.i tilt.' apo^llc^hip i- of n.i hni'i. n orium ( i or im-diaiioii (">'«) Imt di\iiu-. lie i> .lU apo-tlr not chrixiim hi^ o iua from men, nor, liasint; it ni. .hainl liini through a man. His o;.].. iH' r.ts ni.i\ h.iM m nn- laiiK-d. for r\.ir;|.U. that h<- .''.vd hi- p.-i- tioli. a^ tlli--l"lMlv In ih.' (iiliilh-, I" the |. :idei v of !h.- I . ! ii -.ili 111 I'hineii. Thi-- he deiiii - ; i! . ' .111. lo 1 ni ii t ill' I'JI.,// i! f/.Mii (pr"!Mhl\ -Mii'iil.-ii-. to i.oini i!ie e..n- ti i ! uiili I !iri-t I but through Jesus Christ, uh.i me-' th.riioie. hv imi'Iicalioii, he more than iii.in--.l line m.hvret t<-ti-_ ip..nv to r.ai-.r- 1" lief in :!.e ihMnity of ( hn-t. W e d oiihl perh.ip h.m isi'. eled I'anl tn sa\. hv aiialo^;y. " tliron-h t hri-t. a-, niediatiim il. and fi,>m ti-.d a- its sonree." Instead tie -ays. th'.ti^h J.sus Christ and God the Father, mipi>iii.i; iini in ids call to the aiio-th-hi|) (!od w.is workiiiii in and ihronuh Cliri-t. So r.ud dcscrilu's iiini-ell a- not merely "oalle.l (to he I an a]- -th " ( l < ' I Im ( lin-ii.ins ni the <-ity froni wliieli he ir. wriiini;. Inn app,iri-n;i\ all his companions in u.irk .unl tr.ivil. lie tiiay inelude tliem 111 -hou that the view- ■.--..! m ili.- litter .'ire Hot onlv Id- own. : . hiii.! hv oili.r-; a-.l Vet it i- li.e.l h. Ii.m- l!..:t I'a- :ii''-:'e wh.p m.iint.aiue.i .> .,ir 111 -tl\ tlu duiui iiriL:;n ..i hi- !.;.'-p. l and .i;.. ■-!!.-liip wonl.I h.i\. aii.itiiiuii th.ii sueh sllpl^ir! .-eLlnl ar.e L.il -liiiik'lll t.i hi- 1 .lu-r. i 'r- •! a! K it i- < mlv .i frs- i;>!!\ ii el;!-;. '11 of iri, i'.i.;]'- Ktli r to the churches — ■' m ri- ^e^era^ — in Galatia i- I ii!ph.iiie:iii .vii, thon-li hi- a--o- e!:iiis may -h.i h;- ^'ii.iiiu: Ihi- .ili-i iiee of any -n> n li. .i!or:ih!e ejiillu t !r..n. ilie word e/. a i , /j.-.v a- i- ii-i!;il with I'.iul in Ihe inirodueti.'ii of In- IiUei-. i- -iu'iiitk-.-mt alike of the eoiiditi.iii of the ( ial.iti:!!!-. and of the s,.v,-rity of Paul's inooil. They are not " heloved " or " samls " or ■■ -:inetiti< d " : they are not even, like eoneeit.d ,iiid tnrhnlent (.'orintli (I Cor. i. 2; J Cor. i. I), "eliiirclies of Cunl" 3-5. \ ; i'.;;;i i;.;s f;iven unique i:ii[iln- sis 10 th..' l.iel and origin of Iii^ apo-tle- -h;p. -o ,d-.i. f'.r r.-a-..!!- eoiin. li w i'h th.- -itnatioti in rial;ili,a. he i \i" m,!- rhr ■llil'V err. Grace to you and called in the liiv;he-t p. — il.le way. by I peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ Himself, and therefore on , Jesus Christ u'- i Cor. i. 3, 2 Cur. 1. i), 220 Cii. IJ (lALATlANS. 6 I inarvi-I that yo arc so !' c fn.ni him thai callVtl y»ii iiili> ihc yraif i s.unc th.i' -i; :;1.K \ .iii.l w.'iiKl ju rviTt <>f Christ iitiio atiothcr gnsjiel : ■ thv K"-P*1 «^ hri^t tiy a >i^n:l"ii-ai:t .1!'! '.' A> ur -Ii 1' Ml', till- 1 ilt'i't "I ti.i 'li.r.ii of Chri-I \\.i> .il!' i!i.T !in-nii(!< i hy the Jiid.ii.irs uiin 'inmht i auc W.I ''^1. i;'iilrr t!i'- (loniitlioil of ]"n\>r-. 1 ''u- iu \t. ti">l \vonM rrv^;,. ;,!-! .'.'.l w-'-M I-' ah. .li-li.-,L I'aul I.ikc - MM t 111 hi 1'. an 1. ni !.ikrv; it ii\rr. I r. 11 ■riii^ it. Ilr r. nanS '.a- ili-.ith ct l.i;n~t a> \\w tuniiny iH.;iit m hi-;'>r\; .iiil wr.'.ii'U!. .1' Mini, iiiiiii; 'la- i.-|iato'.ii:ii .il ho i< '.;ar. . iiiiK-li .1 u..rh! oi I'.io I'mtiro .i> a -\n'C- iinal wuiM wliioli oxi^is ovon in tho prcs- oiit ayo. thouuli it will only att.iin il- oon- sumnialion whoii t'liri>t coiuon ai:aiii "The ppostlo- spoak of t!iom>clvo- ,::;i| their Koiion tion a^ li\iiii: 011 the t!.>ni'. r of two :ooii>. tho Y' \ tran^t'ornny tin in as it wore aoro-< tho lu.nlor" 1 l.iiihtfo.it r It is .sin that l.iii.i. r- " I'l.- .■■.niMi'.; a..;o." hut from tln^. Ir. m all li . .\ 1- "I 'ho pro-oiit nuo. iiiohidiai; tho !■ l;..1:-iii oi tli.' Jiui-!i vohuioii. Chn-t lli. Kilivor.i; the (..'o-'pol an oniani-ipali. .ii. Iho •i.il.i- tiaiis. l,v till ir ~ii'-.r\^- . lao h.-ral- aco of iho law. woio imi.ini;^' ti'!-, ami frn-iraliii-; <<■'./ l"r 'iair do- .iM'iati.T, I'.T all I' l'^' '' I ■ and tho .1. ..Ill ..| I ' ' ■ , •■ oiYoot.d — u.i- in accordance with the will of our God and Father; and tho \in ni.liU..;; .l' llio -.11 ni^; j.nrii"-. ■■! ' io Hi-. ., w -o .itt.im- <•■• ■ '•' ft ••"> ho ih -iri .1, wi TO > ot ... - ■! I ■! '1 1 ■!■ llio I'.oo wraots in whioh ll i . w - 1 r. aih. O 'li- s|i!i-itoi!s - s" . oh .r-.l I I ' --r. 1 51: k -.1 : ill I i-.i 1" I 1- d.-- lilo!.,!.!.-. I \ . n 11 ai;.o. .i; .! 1 '-I'd o.ni 01-,'y 1 \i.rr-- k; , p.iii: .iiai 1 .I'-kir. lit 1 1 is tl,o |i. ! \oi -i.'ii 111 ill.- Vi- I k> h.ij pr. ,.-ho.| tk.i! h.\- stniiil In- >"iil lo ils 1, ;.■!;-. ind Mriii.! hi- on-ioin.'ry o..m- na n.l.i' .11- mi. > .in ,ni.r k. in 1 I .an .1 toni lu.l that you are so quickly chang- ing — (d.-ivni;; tho roiioKado. tho tnrno. ..it — from Htm (i.tv li'it. not Ikiiib who called you through the grace of Christ. It womIcI ho i;r itniiiatio.ilK i"- .Mo to tr.ni-! ;io ; "11. .111 t lni-; wlio o.d'. d voti in ^;iaOo;" k''' iki- - liiiiir. .ikli . .i~ it 1- .d- ways (i.../ wh.i . I'i^ ■■11 wiMo--.-s to tho to\t otni! t!:r;-t': .ind llio s. ii-r thus soonrod \\.>-il 1 k,- tlaiion-kly in k' . pin.^' w nil iho -Jia 1! ■ I tho rpi -'k " It.'Ul llini who ..dk.l I. II -.1 I!--- < - d.i- nati'; u 'a ik ir 1 a,.'; i-i. w tni-'i' -^ ihi--r haok- ..II ».;r.ao. I'.'il loi il.'-'i x,n.'r,a is 1 riirin il i ho o i'l o.inio ki ii.- m - "I ('kri-'\ ur i.'o. h n! lk.it l..r is- k.i-i- I h.' ^iv.i.f ..r I i.ii-! 1- ;: o -pint ukiih k .1 hint >t.i..p p. -k.iro •o-r n'..r'al kn-. '-\ ohaimo tho rik-hos ili.it u.-ro Hi- m IIis pro i-\i-'ont -la'o f a- o..r p..u.i;> ( -00 _> r.ii Mii i;i ik it ,pirii '.\kioh n.iolio- iu 1 '.j!u-i ni.iiiil. -I iM..n ill III- uivni;; lliin- .. It p. ik.- d. ill i .f "in- -in- ( vvT. 4>. It ;- \or\ -i^niliiMiil ..! {'.-ml'- nr!n..vah!e oont'i'lonoo in hi- own (iri- -or.t.i'i. m of tlii- L'..-poi tk.it ho do-otiko- ih- t..;-akin'-' .>f in- 'jo-pol f.>r an. .ill. r a- .1 f..i i - - f Co.!, tha t;..'I of i:r.i.-.- : n 1- a > ' 1' to i another type {irumi : of gospel, which ;is not another v^ • ' In -p;'. tho jof anoih.T I -ia!' a' .1 a.\\.>s t iiii tk.-r .it I tho -.11110 land I i- k-. ii'. ii'.-m- .ii.'I.llv ! Iiiaint.iiiird ;a laP-r a- i". . !a--ia..| ( ni-.-k I , f 1 |,,. ■ 4 \\iiin- >ripof -i i'ins !■> ho (ipaal '.■< nW.iti. HI .i p.i--.i).;o llko thi- it sooiii- ii.itnr.il t" -upiio-o that tlioro is a GALATIANS. [Ch. 1 8 Miit tlu.iiKh wo, ur an fr-m hiiiMii. vn.uli :in\ .itliir go^iKl iinlo yii UiHii ili.it vvliK-li «v liavc preached unto jiMi, li t liiiii Iti' ;h-ciii>i<1. iiiiio ill. Ill that ye have received, let Iniil bi- .Ki'iir-i'il 10 I'lir I ii"w prrsimdc men, or (mxI? or (U) I Mck t.. pU iic men? for if I \.t jiUasiMl nun, 1 >liould not be the ser- \;iiit i»f Christ. which w.is a wliich thinu- tli<- I'.lllt lint lliiiii; : ( 0\ h real and intentional diNtnnti'Mi (it. ."r. XII. «-ii>». IIk- i.;<'>['il ' • l>u;il'-ii'- ''V ( i.ilali.iii^ "'Tt h( lilt; t.ii)|it<.!. lit :iiioihiT km i th.ri ill <\ jirradiMl -aii..llu-r /v^'' "> the Hi'-l"! i-^ .'i''''' ■'" llirio iMnii.'l Im' tu.i Of iii'.ie I . - iluTi- C.iU I'C uWo ) liian llu' "110. I i'' i-^ only ■■111 ■• ;l iirus ■'— >.ii\.ilioil I'V VilMi t-; s:il\.iti.'n 1a , n.Mliliivr «.l->' i"'^^''- ■|hi- iiKMiiHii; ituKi.iro i.ractK-allv is: "to ,.|,„„1„ r ,-!.>! uhi. h 1- no K.-pi- al all. I' ,,,1 ;, -i..!ii-lu (l tli.il llii^i dr.mnc lia^ conu- ,,wr tlic (..il.itiaiis so whrth.T s(« ill, r tluir conversion, or nfrc proli- ,. Iiulillv; a little d. V. r talk on tlu' 1" till' jii.lai/cr>. aii-ir all>- ^lancc to another uo-p- 1 H e cli iii'^e t^r which I'anl ^-o vluiiuinly iipl raids tncm is tini vet coinpU-le: It i- "till 111 l>n>e<-- _v. i/ '."V (preO; only there are some who are confusinR you. and who are desirous -ti -i ^l! i' ■ v ' ! • t ■II \ie\v of .111 II 1 niricly of I III ly ! I tl.lll.- 8. 9- 'Wll I I! er:'iinii,it with I hi- new nvei "al — of reversinj; I Christ, i-p> i,,ri;inof A. K. V. Iv i;niU- p"- i- '■ .-in. .llier v;. spel ,■ Ih.it llu ;-.- are };o-pel is Miuply a of the gojpil of r t: , ill, yet c, iiiiph u ly >'KCi the gospel of ( . . ciailv of 1 ii" ■.■'I' <■■ link". i" Ml.. oiV aWo uith :, hiJi is '■•■il -.■ill,, lie." m' ' -ioii, a t. li!i--;t. , . , r.i'i ii..iI:hi-' call he more ;iutiil ]„ i \, :i . r I' , t';e .i:.-'," 1 ■ 1 ;, ."r-r.| he il o-e who attempt it, 1m . I he v-pect r.iiil ha,l , r--al' 111 il ( Vet" N\i. 4 ) t .l: -tin r wiili his eiiennici.-ion of liiii.i!,iy lAet- xvi. .0 ni.iy h.a\e e\po-"l him _tj' tlie charvrl- of >\mpai!iy wi-'i ■'.inil.aiMn" ( ver. It. 14 I in "pie ,il Ir-i Ko"pel t'f tree yr.ice. But he is iM-. par, ,1 t" have hi- ciir-e h.eht upon hiiiiM II. -^•■■■i'l V !'Mii-'i to tiiat e V 1 ; thouRh we ■ I ■ . or even an angel from heaven pre.ich to you) a gospel contrary to the one which we preached to you — curse upon him. I he-,' are terri! u,ir,!-, hn! thev are not saul in tlie iie.it of p.i-"ioii : Paul nieans what he says, and he deliherately and sol- emnly repeat- ii. thi- time .icln.il I u ilh iiinuv I .mil ,1 liypolhetu.il Milil.) uII'.ihUt. As we have said before in..' 111 \rr._.*<. hut Iir..h.ilily on hi- -iciul \i-ii to ("i.il.itia ) so now' again 1 say, if any one is preach- ing 10 volt I, a p.-peli contrary to thmt which you received from me — curse upon him (ht. U t him he amitliriiia, tU- \oti;l; originally in a K'X'd "' n e. ih voti il to (lod; then, in a b.ul "> ii-e. to the aiiL;i r of Cioil. to tie>triiiti"n 1. Not only h.ul he pri ached it (Mr. Si but they ha>I ii- It — which mail.- tluir apostasy the u.ii-e. 'ihoie who ,-,.utr.i,lict r.iulV p, 1 ot ihe ur.-u-e oi .'.^ 'U' hiiili them ami Christ I I- iiiiiM,-s;l,!e. Taul, ilie -ervant (slave> of lc"/,iL«f. chooses, if the occasion demands lit. to use lansuase which will startle and i displease men. The oiH'iiinR pa'«»aKi' "f 'I''' I'-pi^'l' criiili's tlic iiiii>ri'>>i"ii. which is conliriiuil by every siilistiiiuiii \vi>r>l, th.it, in the -it- Ucltton wliich I'atil hiic ail'lri --1^, iritm ii- (loiis i-Mu s art- at ^Kiko. It ".is iidllnik; K-^'< iiM> < ■! til. in t!u' iiniii .- "i ihi' v:--ik 1 of Cliri-I. .uiil ti> I'.titl I'.ii thmu'. I lii- |ir<-Mit wtM i omI. it >l ulIs iiitiniti K in mill -f a -"I'l :i ^<'' ih-i'iiH-r: ami in ClniM ih. I^.mI cntwc. ■Ihn.iii-li I Inn and c-p^ cialls 'Im -mi.:!! !Ii> (hath, ini.iiuiiiatmn Ivin th.- -in anl rvil ..f lh<- u. rhl hail W'.n. an.l hy lli- api'-ih' h.iil hicti |>r'K-laiini kos|hI o{ uraoi- wa< i-nnfroiito ir.ll M...1I 1!. I>T I iii.iiu i|i.ili"n. 1 |t.iii-li"tt.iti"ii r w 't'l t Iiri-i I iiiil\ . 1- I III 1 ~f It. .111.! .1- I'.i il I:. i'l •m-l.r - It 1' .iiiMliiiiK. I' « IS <■ hmiiK tlie l.iinUn. ilie I th, -xiill "lit ot ("'. »er, ihi- flie I ' I'll- vv ' 1 1 ' 111 't. .» I oiu' \M>rlil inii> .iiioihiT Will re .■iii.iiu-:)i.ili"n w.i> If't aci-.imiili~hr.l. u.-prl ii iil f.ii'i"! of it^ \>v\Hr u'.ik. «1 iliiH i tii.iii, iiMti"H \va-> ilchlii r.iu lv i.li.iteil. anil 1>' •n'l.ik;f t^' i vtcriiil-. -n . wr kinil. wa- niM-ttil np.'ii .1- 1 i"t c.i s:iU.ttit.l). the ^"■'pil «a- .hnii ! 111....I \ital |ioinl t'nr-il. -iv - 1'' e\iry ««ie who prfil.mn-. ir. -<■■■'< a^ that. I hat is no ! I it ill i l.iinlt :i "i nr.liii if' i'- h:i- ' ii|M >n till- \\ 1 11 ''il'h r ..,i.- h.M"-:!.: -.i'^ I, not . r. w - ( o' -,• 1 11 1' I). I'l, the j wi.r-t ; for it 1- i tr.iM-i*. iii'lu'l a ri\ir-al lijf the true Ko?i>el of Cuisl. 1 1. ! ,.| tl.. I,. Ji .1. tint iiALATlANS. [Vu. 1 riiF cK'icix' (>!• iv\ri;s cai.i. and oi' iiis (.os- A.\n Ills mNsioi i,.\ r indkpknduxci-: as AN AH )S li.lC < i. > i-ii. -m >. ,.r(itv l.ittlHfii. t!i:il tl , ti.-n in tiiiu- pa-t in tin- .!.«>' ri'isixn, t -'W , u.,x 1,1, .„ ! ,.! ul iiK I- l ill. it 1h>..iiiI tm.i-iiro I i» r-iiiiii.-iivt'l m J<-»^" rrliKinn all M- 111. my iii> "I'l il^ unm- own ii.iH.iti, \•i•\u^• timri- i m n il iicly /talfii-" <>t llii tta- ilitii'ti^ I'i my i.iiIhts. 11 I'.M' I j:,.-|M I u li!. Il u 1 ;il'i 1 11 \J I - , iPii':,! W.I I I .Mniii .;, lull liy tin: rvvil.i- t|..li ..| I. ( i.ri-i. 1 ■ I ,.i >. li ivc iii.iMl of my conviT-a- ■I lir unii ul " t i-'- ill-' -ilLick iIilT. TMii .Ty.rii. !» rli.ii.ii. .■iii-I !■ .Ir.miatic, ,1,,. , |,,.t i,,t.il •■ I>i I.' 1- 11" 1' .s ■M il- liu l.it;nii« •■ llii.'iivll llu- -inrit ,1,',,, ,i| |.-.i.l!irii I li!ii-i It. ..tl. 1(1 ('.T. il liii; I'Mt till' nur.iu'c li< rf i» 1,\ 11 111 h i- 1.. .11 s.. . all.-.l ami I tin. IT tialnrallv to llir iitii.ino M-i'.il which , ,,ni!iii"i..i!. .1. Il 1- 1I111..1 lani I'. ml t. . ' , i .i imrd liis liti- and nave Iiim hi- K"-'l'<--l. II. ik, '1.1- |.iiiitl .-'.Mr. l..!..r.' iu' i.i..i-<;-.N, l\iHrs InJ.f^lHl.iu.- . ' i!:.- .If'^tL-s ( i. l.^ -» ). 13, 14. I'aiil now pri.iTi'.N t.. .-^tnl'Ii-li n ... - . • I ■ . . , 11. i-.r:-. ill.' \x..i"l I' ll h i\i' II" ni'.i'i' wil',;lit ill, ,11 III, iii iii 1". Iiiii.l il. Ill- 11.'..- im!1>i1 ,!,,ui. ,1 . a .■ iii...n ,ill \vh..-f M"-|'tl »■'"''- Ir.i.!:. 1- I 111' liii- iiia.lo for liis own ,„ I il:, -t ■Mni|..ii- <-!.iiiil of hi 111,14 tilt' "11'.^ I 'J. •"»• I-.- -; 1^ L.iMul \\ii» i-i this nun? ami by wli.it M-^ .•..nt..nti..ii th.it lu- -IlI y\ i..mm' In- aitMv.T "ihrs,. ,|ni-vtM.ns that I'anl cn;.-s th.n .n r.. ; ri...! 1 r- i,. .v,.m..ii int.- the f..llo\\iin: «l.t.iil>.l ami cxtn-in. Is . ^o far 1: .m . r ■ t i ' \ahia!.K- account of hi> call ami the se.nt. l iiithui . _ ' ' , , ' A,^., , '.!nr,li lor you liearU uf my former j manner of life in Judaism, bow that be- I yond measure I kept persecuting mnpf > y'j«/> ( '.i^r ■'/>■.■ '''■ i ''^^ church of God -a - •!. tun plir-i-c. ■ I'i'ir^ ,, ,j) l-.-i.tk-.. :.- ;■ l..'.!-.- l.i'K til"'!! Ill-- MT.Jil.- (,t 1 ( T 'il and devastating II For I Rive you to know, . - .d. uur l '.)""•"■ in X.t- i\. ji 1 it. I lu- brethren' ti- ■ fir t .!•. . -o'. i^' «or.| in < ...1 .'i.im- m iv I'oo I'.n.l th.' Mory ..f ,. that the fospel preached by f ■■T- i..rnt, r h.f.- ir.,ni ,,i.i...iu.iit-. ul... me is' not attcr .^^ human fashion -r tt.. d-.-ibj tv..tto.l b-n with !•. •>.« a ^""x ,.-:a " ,..'11.1 for .!■ - • I ' '"i-'ii (\'T.,i.-t. v.r, (..; h-H 1 I'm'^ .artain t!:al 11" Neither did 1 for my part inu.. tl,..y li.ad ab.. h. anl |K -•■ • ^ ir.in ln~ ..^ii receive it from aitv man by iranMni-i..ii b|-.. bo'in 'b. --ixfcb.^ '''\, V T'" .." .„• „l,t ..n. nor was I \.^ otlvrs |..niMlty v-.m. u. , .. : MifN.' thu I'anl ..tt|.: : ^ tauRhtit. but .• t.i im- through ta ^r. 'r-..! ■ ■ ..wn ,...-t. n ul,..-.l to revelation from Jesus Christ. I, was ^ „: > n. v . .. , wb.. ha.l ...^ ■ ,„.t but Uni. wb.. r.-'.r..l bin. f.-tn \ti.! , .a- - ... ./ (>. r ...lid It In spito of ver. K, -"it „ba^>-.l ^..-ttti.-n -t « ■.r.--i.a. ( bur. h ' yl ■ - l .VTV.1/ ll,s son ,n mo") the en- - M...n .! . ,tit,,,.,,.,tt an ....a-./ .1 1 t..vt -b.iws ll'.it X/i.Jroi. luu 1-. Mtl HA-ln. ■v'-'^ -. v t< t : > '- - i.'i. .1 . >. 1. mn obi:"iv. .'nitivc: m.t a nv.bni.m of. !. ^' -I' J-^. ; ",':.„'";;: conccrr.'':'.; . .ii 1 V. f.'.'rt ■ » ■ ■ • — . . . ' ■ I . , , ' , I \ n.-i ^ i'i- . n. i t ra.lii loll* from Him ' ' ''T'. ' ' And I kept advancinR in a:^■ot■tb;'l'v^.:■l'M;l; juda,sm '-v-^-"y..'^^-y^-;:„:«:; tin- rcvil.ili.iii at hi- nr. . . - . .11, ... .'- an-.- 01; ibo wav l- I i.niia~. ti - ; -v. : .' Ji ' ' , \ ■ t ■!• • ■ ' !■ .|.II - 111 '111' Iv.iiM.iiin.il , ' 'f;- ..^l}^^^^ an^-^ns "^y ■''"•'^'^ kinsmen Limis and'at l-licr turn ^ - . Cor. Mi. ..ctib being more exceedingly .ed- Cm. 11 O.VI.ATIANS. •"^ " I ■ , , ,„ •.,. lu.iit inl.i Vr.il.i.i. .111.1 titnni-.l ..vj.iiii HUM ,,, I ., ,, \, ' hi- -^..11 in nv. tiMf 1 D.ini.i-.-t!^ :;:i;;.'u I omum.! .^.t ll,-U ..W, I.r.,.:,>,,n ■ r.t.r, .,,..1 ,•...!.- svitU ous tlirm tl..> for my a.ues,ral 1 - :•' ' • • 'Tj '•••!,,"• V" T '! '''''' .1,; ',. „.„! u..n-. I'.i.il. l!..- IM...ti...- i:.. |.. n:- , , ,t t!.. n,...u.nl , \,,- (. I'l.il. n: I..nn-.l.i \ 'i ..I r. \ • i' n .M-,k,n;...:M.. ... ... •■ .6.17. Il.u:-.-';.; ' ^ ,. 1 V . r.l ,.(,■.! ,^ 111...-. V'kI I '•■ '■' •'■ ' . • •' ;;;.K':.\,;'..i''iM.''i:. oi.. ... ' immediately h. u., ■:.! ... • .5. i6. w.'.'.uM .■M..Mi^!,..i. •• - v;; .'. ■,' : ; !::■■ V.", "iV- "-"i.V ' ii--!'"iVn I dt.i m.t c.nsutt .u->ii .....1 1 „;, 1, , , i' •• ,■ • Ir. Ill blood. ; . '■ I,; . .,, ., ^ i when - - i i.^.h \ ' to jeru- it was the Rood j.ie.isure of Him.. • • ' ' ..; ' : "■,|.'; separated ^ inc. \ y jj' ^-.f 7. from my the apostles uii.. «" r.-|.-..!l. before me r SicTT^h^ouuh ins ^ra^e ■! T':^ 'buM:;el;;away io^A^abi^. .../ / /. to reveal His son in •■• ••• ' '• me. II.'- r.-x.!..t.. n ..^1.. f ' ;.;;;„; 1,„„. lii.n. t!,..,! II .1...- '■' 1^^ .111.1 tiu' ui'M"--''-'''''' . ' " '. , ,, con-i-t.-.l .11 i''-.^. t! ''-"l .. r to i!ic \. TV 111 ill ■ ! ■! /- ■ ; ' ' ' ,„ (liviiR- lU-iiiii. '" • ' •■■ ■■■ ' ' .i ,',, iK-lllK r.-\>-;.l.d. < •■It ..I r, . r . ■ ■ : ■ ' ■ tlif ri-.ii Cl.ri-' "II tlu- r.... : ' ■ ■ " ' , . ^, ^ ward:/.,.:, r .i . A: , .i^v:..;;' ^' « ■• |.|,- .i| r: , t 111 , . \! . .1! 1 \ I ■ ( had lii-.^,ii. 1.. -!iain- . ■ r ; .-III ' ,; ' , ..t , - ■ !■;,• i..;i 11 ll,f . ! in.'. .1 I •■ 1..I1I.'.' li •lis t.P df |il win r.' . .r- limy riit.i'M- ■■ t1.- .i.id nitv -'f I i ' ■ V \''" '- - •■«••" t,, a 111.' ... - ■ , ■ ■■ ai.i.'i.K ' ■ / 7i,;> .-.<.•.• ;iti- " ! ;.■-'■• ;'• : , ■ tlllTf 11. .n ' •( '1» ' '■• '• j!:. !:.,r:i . : .- ;/ Ti''-' I'. I.'. : .''i" I („'.(!■. ..«!, rii.-iriM'. .[..ii.,- '. ii"' •. liU- .1 ,;,...>, I.i.t !o a Ii..- r..a.l u..r;ii .III.! u. ii. r..!i^ a- .1 //).• II,;" .'V. ti'..- I ;<-i!m:. - purpii^i- ■ 'I I'l.- r.' ■ 1 that I might - ach t,pres. not aor ) amor^.-» i- - s^r |,|,„„!," i 1 . : ' M..-t. r il.. r tl;.' v;r.at ; . v! ■ til iKi' . ' ! ■.i'-"..'. ! '.' ^v'l- .!. Tii>-- And again I returned to Damaa- 1.1 cus. lr..tll v\ln>!i 'i.-! . iT'-.I-. . .ns in "'■ :- I • •' ■-' I ' lit.-! liis ai l»-20. » 'I ii!^ •■ ^' '•■ " I,,... 1 t'lfi'i- . I' iriv iilar'.il tr'tirtx i • I : ' ..' 'l N'^'t ,. I • if i 'ii then after three ytat-. ■ . ■ ..i;. r I - , ■ . ■-1..11 . I went up to Jerusalem, l. n ♦ >.n i not ! u.tli thf intcntiun ui : iisullni^ aiiylKjdy, • I I 226 OALATIANS. [(^H. I to r,n! . tlirr iif tlic .iiKistKs -;nv I iioiu'. ' Jl A ftcrwanls I r.imo into the regions savi- J.iti!!- tl)r l -iiril'- liriitlu r. of Syria and C'llicia ; JO Xmv till' tliiuK^ wliicli 1 write unto jj And ^^a^ unknown liy t.ur nii'o tin- you, lielioUI. before (iiwl, I He not. cliiirdies of Judea which wen. m ( Im t: tint sinii)ly to become acquainted with IVlcr. ai he is called in n -, S, lull lure and elsewhere by I'anl. Cephas. I hi- \im1 is an iniiilii il n r. .i;iniion of l'< irr'~ an- thornv. h:il r.'.l ot h - -npriiorilv And I remained with him a fortnight — 1 < enoii'jh to oi l ac'ipi'i'iited wilh hnn and to •• hrar li:- M.iiy" "i Ji-n-, liv.t lo.i -li..rt a tinu- lo riii'\'' iii-1 1 iiiti"n imt iJ) Irotii liiin. or \" ati'ict >riion-.l\ a -pin'.'.ial de- M l. .|i'nrnl uhu-li liad liei n -U\Mh.l\ ]ir.>m(--s- inu I. '1 lliri c \ i ar^. 'I'lu- hn ,il \ oi In- .Slav inav lir \y.\rC\ f\lilani..l h\ ih..- iil"!- a(iani-i in- hir i \>i- i\. ju). And of the apostles I saw no other — iH rliaps li.caii^e tlirv wen- cnuaui d oii nn-^ionary tours — except James the Lord's brother, l lie (.rtik itrohahly, tlioiiKli not inevitahly. iin- lilies that James was one of tlie apostles. The word apostle could he used of him oidy in the l.iiner and li>o-eared to hnn. It 1- ah.'.jelher ijr.ih- alile tliat r.inrs oi>])iMieul> liad inainl. lined that tlio-e li.iiiire- of ill- whieh he agreed with the "'ap'-lles" lie li.id reeeuid fri'in ilieiii hy in-tnietion. wlide tli^-e in wliieli he (lilTeied were his own invention. I'aul h.is alre idv etl.vtnally replied to this coiil' iilion, li 1- no nnenlion. it is a rev- el. ilii'ii; and iie owe- it to ( iod. not to the a| '>lolic le.idirs at Jerusalem. He clenches tlii> statement, so important for his pnr- jiose. with a sidenin oath: and with regard to what I am writing to you wlun 1 lliaint.'iin my indepeiulencc of I'eter an!-t!.ii. - hi- further -!.it."iu ni I remained unknown iniipt. with ptc. ) by sight dur- ing all this time to the churches — of which there mn-t li r. e. therefore, heen several, ijent-.dem heiiiu the heail — of Judaea that are in Christ; 1 .■. the ( Inisliiiii elntrehes. rilis slatenieiit iiitillded |o -how th.lt he w,i- d'- 'Mi.; liii- periocl imlependi nt of i.illiieiM i - fi 'iii the lie.idi|ii,irler'. of the f.iitli. .M.iiiy dillieult pr^hleni- K'a'her round the relation of the-e \t r-e- t.. thi' n.irr.atives 111 A ts. Are i /nc , /;e.v I'f Judtra. for ex.iiiijile. inteiidid lo iiiehide nr to exeliide Jerii-.:lenn' .\pparently Jerii-.dem nnist he nuluJitl, for that is the chief point of I 'mi's ariiiiment — that he was unknown hy ■^\iihl to those from whom he niiKht con- ciivahly have received instruction, and these would most n.atur.illy he in Jerusalem. It w.is I'aurs deht to the J i-rusalt-m church and It- leaders that the Jud:ii:^ers were in- terested in ni.iint.iinini; and I'atd in ilenyini; r.iit tlie dithcultii'- of this .are two-foM. 11) \\ h.it are we to make of the -t.alentenl in .Acts ix. that Harn.ih.i- introduced I'anl to till' "apo-tles" (whieh i- hardly the iinpre--ion one gathers from (ial, i, I'), nnle-s ";ipo-tle" i- n-ed in the loo-er .-V ii-i' I .-iiid tliat he went in iiid out at Ji rii-alein. " pre.iehiiii,' hoMly .11 the name of the l.^inl": It may indeed -eeni ii.itiiral ;lh:it. in In- /e.il .ind hitler reurei for the jia-l. he ni.iv li.iM- -"in^lit aiiii eniln.'ieed I 'ppor!:ini!ie- to pre.ieli ill the ei!y in w hieh he hid helped lo put .Stephen to death: hut. in th.it case, how could one who went out and in and preached thus boldly bo unknown hy sight ? It is more probable, argues Housset. " that Paul was then in the deepest seclu--ion at Jeni-ileiti If .already the Jews ill IVitna-ci's were leir-nintr I'.anl with l i'ti r em: il\. .itid h.nl diuell him to j -eiTi I ih-hi. h"w mneh hi't'er mn-t the ^;ronnd in J' rn-alein lia\e heen for the ap"-l.ite I'iiari-ie?" But a^;ain (11 > it may he a-ked. Imiw in .mv ca-e can I'anl have iK-en unknown t" thi church of Jem ' - ilenr- ll.id he If t l iken )i:irt in the e\i en lion .'f Stenhi 11. and m the -iih-einii iit tier -emiiion of the ehiireh ' I lii- dnVienltv i- le--ened when we reuieinher the -nl»>rdin,ite part I'anl had pla\ed .it the eMciilion. ilie leimtll of time th.at h.ad -inee then id;iii-ed. and tlie eiTeel per-veni-'n in di-ivr-insr the onuinal members of the church. .*sief- lert believe-, that Paul 'hd preach dnriiiK his brief slay at Jcriisjileni. and in the ; statement that Paul was unknown by sight ( H. I] OALATIANS. 2'27 2] Itiit they liaU heard only, That he which persecute*! us in times past now preacheth the faith which once he Uc- stroyed. ._ , ^ , . 24 And they glorified God in me. Cll APTKR I TllKN f.-iirl.Tii yf,ir> alt.T 1 went up nu.iiii !" Ji r\i-.iK til wmIi r..ir;i.il>,i-. .in>l 1, 1, ik I 1! w itli ^1' -■ • Aii.l I \\tinmti>M> 'I tr.iin tlu- capital linn this auain, a> we ha .c M cii. ~ci iii> hardly rcU vant to ^I'aul s cntcxl). Acts xxvi. Jo rcprc-ciit-i Paul a-> proacliim: "at Jcnisaliin ami tlir. ■nuii. >m all tlic ciniiitrv tatuiHnt> "f Cialatian-. o'tiiim; a^ tlicv "v\n li.in.l. " i taii'ilv \\'-n\\\ '>i wry special attmti. ui. thondi iiiu-t lie on I'ltr j^'ianl a'^^ain-t tc„i rcad-.lv a--ninp, ■ c. .111 ' a.licl I'C- tw. iii tl f^c an.l i!;' naiia':\i- 111 Acl-. l„ l„>tli 1 l!u- -latvin.iii- arc inulv lew aii'l nicai;r. -. ami it w.' km w ninrV. \\c uvchl mc belter li.'w llu-e co- here. , 23, 24. ra'il uas imi innwii to tlio^e oir.nl-l;,-. 1.V KiJ.:. but Only l.y /i.m ■•.•«.;.• they were c ntir.iiallv hearing (uiipi. yvull p'c. Ill \cr. J.'l reports to the cliect that "Our former persecutor is now preaching the faith — n-t m an oi. jective >cnse, the Christian reli-i ai (• r-.i such a Use of the w 1' "i time to the olijective, cl. J t <'r. \)-, " ' lin' rallier - tn-.-t in Christ "— which, iii tin jKison .1 lis adherents he used once to devastate" i\er i.ti; - the u -It 'i'' shepherd." ,is a i.h.k l,i''ur And. tnilike ilie (.:,;..-i.:M I d,,: ■ i-. they save unccasiuK (imp^ ' Klory "' *'','"V'','," m,\ hut to God for the trace which lie had manifested in me. Rccoi^iiili.n, of I\nirs /.;,/, /.-.i. /.■"..• .i".' Co-onliiiill,- .Uith.'ri:y n ih,- l\nt of the .lp: ktiowledkieil his CO ordniate aiith. riu, and the principle liir whieh he w.is con-.ndniH — t'le Iree.loni of t!i. (, etude.- Ii-m tlie olihu.itii'Us ot lewidi ohsers ,itiee, especi,illy oi eir.iiiiu ^lon A'Mi a hrtlliant victory in i!ir pel on of 1 ii;i-. I. Then after ,ni 111!. :% d of fourteen years — appareinly n-t foerpm \.,ir~ alter I: , e. 'iiv er-ion. hut atler the visit to Jcrusa- h in \\:,:e!i lie h.is jiist ua:r,iti d, and tliere- l.,re si-\,i,'t,n \ ears .ifler Ills c.mv ersion — I again went up to Jerusalem with Barna- bas, who lia.l lirou>;lit Paul to .\ntioch ( \cts xi. .'til and heell assiuiated with him in his missionary work It is prac- ticdly certain that the meetini; with the ,,p..stles which Paul 1- a' - it to n,.! ; re u identical with the J. 1 ■;■.,! 1:1 .o,,,,,!. de scrdied in Acs \v. In 1',. .1 ■ i-e. houe\< 1, the WO'- 1 ,1 : 11 can-, s di:t;e::l-\ . 1' s,,n- i;,-ls that thi- llie tirM \- t to J,.tn^ , , ,1. ,„ ;jit, f ;!■,.' . lie ni. iitiomd in 1 l>^. :i;,'ueen th:e-e two. h-u^ . r. ,ieeoidinu to 1 \, I. \i. ',0. Nil ,1 \ It Wis in.ide hy ! l',,.d and r.irn.,h.is. w;:o l.i.ei-lii lioul An: 1 a e .!h M,,ii tor I he poor of Ju.l.ea. We inav asv-;i:ie, uilh -oine, ill, it tins Msit h.is l„en anli.'i.itt it lei \er> wiv. ir>; ,,r^ !n,ore iir.ih,ildy. th ii o\^nl^ to the per- -..'■1111. .11 ( \e|.. \ii 1 ti.i \i it was niade^in , r. ev / >. . (If i; illu-tration of I'aiil's eoucepiion of the nospel as unconditioned ' V circmiicision, and a living i>roiest anainst the views of the Jiidai/ers. Titus, nowhere mentioned in the hook of .\cts, was a com- panion I'f Paid, .ipliar.ntly a tnaii .if tmc tact, as he was 111.. re than I'liee <-ntriiMed d. lu-ate ini-sion to th.' Co- ir. Mi 'itf. Mil. 'I. I'llT. >. p t.. t.i^e till' nil. ir. nuiei-ed r\ where a -h:d!.'m;e I !,,. , ,., ,if 1 nil- w.i'ild hy Paid \m' rinlliiai;- 1 -' ' It was .1 li.e.l -I d itiis^ to tne \ : was inevii.i' h- ! he a te-t e . I a. And I went up by revelation. How 'it came t.i hnn .v. d.. ti.'t kii.'W (see on J ('.,r. Ml 1 I i'. d ^, e% 'nTr ?•> aC- e. ntuate the r. liKioUs factor that ileter- , nines Inm In .\>'s xv. j the story IS told rather from the historian's point M 228 tJALATIANS. [Cii. 11 0'iiiiiininii':i!.M| nvn. Minn ii at i;'i-iifl uliu li i I'.nl iicitlicr Titiis. who was with inc, I ).f..u!i .i'M' Ml; \'.:<- li.iiiil. -. jirivalfly luinu; a (iroi-k, was compelled to be cir- tu ih. in uliicli ui ii' Ml ii p'.i'.al 1' III. Ic-t liv (■'.iincisi d : aiiv iiu'aiis 1 should run. or li.id run, in 4 Ami 1! a' l-c. ai'-i' nf fal-i- in-i 'lir. ') vam. fiia.vaiis |.r..iii;lit n'. uIim oatiic ill pruily view. Th'Ti- Paul ain! I'.ivna!M~ an! nic.-uij. I'aul ucilil In' jilail of llu'ir iiiluT- ar. apli'inwil iv ' 1' }''■'' -vni|ia!liy, Ini \ v il. . ^ n^t a^k tlicni for s. ill 111 i.i <\- w ill llii' a|-"-ra ^ ai ■! ; v. ir -.i;ii't;.in. IK- lias i-miit \:]) \<< Irni- i|,l,:^ a i ^ .11 w ' h ll laul i.r.n rai-i ■' -.l.iii " a.-r. ■nliiii; I'l ri\ ■ la' :■ ir ." .i;ti''int I, \- --iiiiii- \\\\<< ii.iA i-i'inr ti' i'-; Jia'.ra an.l ■ t ilic Init'i ot In- im^-ih-I an.l ilif ;,' 'ii-<- ii;.i-:i,l iip.iii i-iiaaii'K-i - ;i ai ;,- ;■ ■> - .r> "I In- caii-r; aial lio lia- iim t'cai" t'lal Iiis -al\ali"n, l''.wii ii;' ii"i.!, la- um; jirr-r' 1' . • •- 11 nl iIt i;.i-].r| h.i- rn ciliiiT in ill.- r..'i-M '-: :^ < i ' ■ nicly a ii'.--'.i'^ . r a tailiirr ilr kn.'W-. a- a nv And I laid before them - llii ( In-]-- inaliiT ot lai-i. ihai lu- 1- ivii nniinni;. f .n- oi J. r't-ali '11 the gospel which I .nul has iii'l run in \aiir; I' U u ha! lu l\ars II, , I .,!i]\ li.^n |iii arl:' '1 Ian i^lnrli ! -lill ;- lliat llir Jrin-aliin rlnni'li iinv llnnk preach among the Gentiles, ilic lt^-ihI 'lilT. nll\ , am! il; at. !■> a:- ■.■■'wrv-v Ac \\ i :, h I li,;\i- i.i.j-ai.l |ii \on (ialal:;!-. ;i >-i-a'n. liuy in.iy jiu! o'.-!ai-li- in In- wav. i_:.,-;.,| ■•\\;:li.iv' iira;iiiii-i-ion." I la- < :^o tli.it. tlirrc would lu' .-i real ^c!ii-in in ti.m- i-iiiiiMi li:;t lu- kcriily intt-ri -trd in l!ie (,"liri-li;iii church and in llic fr>'nt that till- aliunde of llic Ji i n-aU in cliini li to i it prcsciiUd to the worM. and in a real I'.ml on tile \eiy i|nis!ii.ii wliicli lias he- i seri-e, he iiiiyht he -;.-iid to lie rniiiiint; in Cottle -o itroiiiiiuiit .im-inii tli(iii-eUe'-. v;iiii. Panl coiniiares his .iiio-lolio career The Ind.ii/ers ]iroiess to reiire-i iit the | to a race Icf. 1 0>r i\ jf<\ inu _ i-iiel a^ anaiii--t I'.lnl: wh.it tlu-n did i 3. Whatever nii- - \ - ■- I', -'! in '-> iia\e Jern-.detii and l!ie apo-ili-s ^ay I' I'aul ! Iiad when he catiie h r -, J ■■; • !' ;. -a ■ le )iri-eiitid !ii- ■':-<- at .1 |inl.lic in vm-. (Minnletely removed hy tlu d . -a'li ■■!" t!'e and privately 1 "r in It. uUir\ before r. .nm-il. the re»nlt of wliicli wa- a tr-^iin the authorities I'eti-r. J.inies, .-md J. ilm , iilamt \ indic.ition i.f In's ii..|-i-\ Nay. not (\er. I)). The woid ./.<■-! ( //. .m' ji! ; even Titus who was with me -la-nuh r.-f'ul, ) jirolnMv n pre-. n!- tlic tliMir of ' llie dmiand fur Ir- ciii-nnu i-i' in. "ii t'le the (ireek word ( oi lio/ioi i-rt ? 1 . |i 1, ii-.-il p.ir' of r.i;-!'- I-i.'a- :nj ..ni"iniir-. w 1 - se\eral time* in thl> |>;.--.i«e ( vv. <>. o far as elan-e o"| llu- \, r-e i- li, ml to interpret : d.K - r.inl u;!-^ Cotieerned — 11,1/ lo/i/.v t-i'iilfiil- iiu-;iii /.-.v/. or dm - It introduce an in- : -v; 'ii. 'I'he Kratiiiii.itical iireynlarily of the ilirect i|ne-:ii.n? On the l.iiltr a--iiinption. iie\t ver-e and the v.iriety in the re;iiiinK the tileannm he: " Am 1 rnmiiii.L;. or of m r-e 5. eniiipel 11- to le:i\i- the .-re i:.. .lelVndnii: 1 • -pel which h. |-.... lus rea-oii. Ii.n\,-\,r. !i .'-nni frniil the or- aiiioiii; ihe I niniU a p i-pi 1 u it!i. ml . 11- din.-iry im I'lnir ■•■ !i -1! m;ike< Hm-il .-■'nu-:- - 11 Ilr 1- imt i;oin-.; in --Inllil-. in- sense! "I 1,1: i::-. -.ii-pil I . h ire thein lest cii: e hy .illiiuintr the ciu-ninci -'i Ml nt 'he by any means I should be running (im-. \ or had .il)i ,d>. a- a matter oi [...m-m- are > dct.-nnimdiy -el I lial t'.i.-i I Ii. er ■ in. In- a o . ' " " 1 TUH in vaiH." w.iidd Ik' all i 1 1 d 1 il 11 1 al de trmniph Inr tin in, li |!.i, in. .111- ih it 1';"! I:i\ - 'ii- 'jn-pil an. I it uonl.i hi 'In- l inn -! ol all e\cn-es l ef.-re th.ni w-tli atn n-.r nf i!i.--r di- Mr I'anI to -av tliat tlionuh he did it, he c!-i-'ii. .ind m the aiiNimi- Iioin- •<< -i-ciir \\ i- ii' •' c- -nip. :1, .1 n. i!o it i"e tliiir .I'-'henlicalioii f.ir i', tlu n -rcli 4. But on account of the false breth- an iiiterprelatioii nu'-t In- imiIk -ital nrjl> ren who had been foisted in .imong us to -py "lit ciir liliiTtv whicli \vc Iiiim- m C"liii>i J. MIS that thoy mi({ht tiring us mto l)(in(l:ii;i' : , i i • ; lo uht.m wi' i.i\>' pl^ii^^" •'>■ s'll'.i*'": lidii, ti^'. n.'t l-r 1;. iur; tliat tli.- tnitli .'t till- iiiii:!it CMiitimu' witli \< I'.ut of tliiise who si-iiit' il t" -'iiii'- what, what-oiAcr thiy xm I ' , i; in ,!, 'h ii'> inaltiT lo HU-: ai-i-< I'l' 'ii man ■> IHT"<•- :Jiitt in c ■iU!vl ifthiiii; '.'< nu' : t!.M-r i,i..liaM> u'-" h I'l '1 from J.-ni-alrii! •.. Aiitio. ; . .i-.s.i sis-i-". •! on ciri-niiH i-i..n a- a c 'iioit'.. 'ii ..I - il- .i lion ( All- \\. M ; -iK-ii 11'. n >--n;:ni! , .lo.^uol llK- >t,p~ of IVri' 1. I. - I -r M. Wliat hail'iiK'l ''--an I m!-;' hrcthiTii. .lo, - 11. It ai.p. ..!. Ill liu- la-il of rni..tl.'n- \MtIi which ill.' wl' -i' -v. lie i- rivalU'il an. I .!. m - iln-.l. ilu- i;raiiiiiiai- i- l. t ^,,'t,ii. ill' .'anil..! havi' iii. aiit t" - .'• thai. I'.ir ih^'ir saki'-. I'ltus liad !..ii .niiiVl-ril. No iloiiht. a- Wf Iia\ y.i. ■|'iltl> wa> not i-ircnnu-ist cl ; but apati ironi tliat. wi- inav 1h' Mirr that I'anl. ula.l a- i ijiU lu- ■• : . to maki- a v;< ii> '""^ i-o:i. • moral inli-r. -t w..^ at ' ,'io . ! ■ tlir.n I I r..r. \in l. \ !i , ,1., I.I A.'/.i.' hn-llir. It N r .mu iIh- 1„. tlia! It u.i^ "11 !l: ir ,1. , .--M ii'i- \\a- n.'t I'ii. iinu i-i '1 . i ii- '11 oiri 'iiiii'i-:. '11 !• ' i'lii' - \w n!,i;n::riu.l a'l l'i>' in"!'. In'il. \ c;..;-!' of I'.i.n' . .-n loll. I in- '" ' tin- ,,i li..n of I'aiil turn ' iiri. i' ■ 'n li'.' ■[ ,ili."i.l.- ; wi' in.M I'i- -nr.' that I ilii- a..-:;- ,,,,1 III anv i-a-i- lia\i' 'h.ii .'ii r.|nu >..1 \ K \' iiiatL: r. a.U " I'.ni ;>.;.< In-.' la-f <,| 'h, f,.!-.,' l.r. liii. n." I hi- lutvilu m. an that rani- wh-K .■.■nrM- i>f ai-li.>n, h'- vi -n I.. J. rn-akin. hi> iiiti rviiw with tli.' l.'aih r>. rt<- . was can-. 'J h\ t'.i- .i. 'i .'i oi llu- fal-i' hri'thri'ii. I'.ut it i- •"■rl'ai- !.< ;:. r to a-unu' that iti hi- si>ir;t, il .h -.'rii tioa (.1 tlu'ni, Ik' runs ..n n'l^ar.ll. "I tlic oinn inn woril-. aiul )ia-M'- niir. ■n-.- io i-K' a tli'w -cnti'iu'i' ui;liont i'oni|.Ktinii !- ;''■ Ci-(liliK oil.' I hi- i-\lilaiia' !' ai i^- ■ I ' ' tnori- iirohahli' a- >nch an in . ._ ii :t ;! \ . i' taiiily ofiM!r>: in \or. i'. I hr il'i •. --r- n|iti!:.'n> inl r^ ..hli'tion of tin -i- pi'li'.r i- ),. ,.A. rinlU -nu'^i-tcil h\ llu- (!< .'ill. "> til.- nr. tix' " „•"". i la V hr. 'linii who Stole 1 -ui. > in. n- ' .'t cnr-. . L. •• i-.hlv " tin- ilniu li, i"t. Ilk. ill, >■;;< n:'. ~ ih.\ w.ia. to spy out our liberty fi,-;,I..ii. fr.-iii 'la- lau .11-...'.. .! !-v all ' hn- • tiaii 111.1'. l- it liiTi- 1" rli.ip- niofi -p. ntu iliv llu- lih. r'\ -f r.i'il ,11'. I r.at p.il..!-, ni i '.. cl.iimi'ii; -lu-li a l-.'-i'i I which we have in viitn. ..f .'iir 'ini..ti una Christ jesus, in order that they might enslave us, sun K I flit inilii- afti r <•■(». (n rliap> to inilioatr til. i-i-rtainty of lln-ir Ifpf) ami Utterly (AUTO) not intlccil to them-'cives (which -,v..iiM rci lire ill. iin.Ui:.- • . Liit t.i I !h- - mu- u.'-a . -■ 1- ! -rai'l.ir Ji.-. (lic aiul -iniilai . ..iitlnct III ( ■ ir \l -'. '. 5. But not for a moment i ' ' .' . "i ,,,,, ,-. , ' . .tt: ,j. 11' I did we yield to them I'l. ' '?) ' subjection i.e. .'u'lini..! ,,f .., ;h ,1 « .I'i.l li.iv.- l.r. :i I ' niii-<-ril. .... . 'i: t.-v u Inch ■ , . • . .. . .. .-, r. f;-. '1 in urilcr that the tmtli of i.i the Rospel. should c.jntinue to reniam with all 111.- t.. n-K. - •■■ « ' •■■ 1- ,„,-.,> iir.l. .111.1 ti-.r. '--r.- ur' you ......ij'.. U \„-.T .!-tCl "1 il '. ! •.!!!; '" ■lir F-.i 11,'. 1 \. -a ai. ■ - " !■ ' I'l-n^ the l.niu-a.I. - u';u !i I ti . ii .1 '- n h i ... ^ni-t Lift r o|.j«.M!-..n Sit:.— '..n!> • ' v;h, - nic M.->.'-^ ofiiil o'« - m.ikn.:; I'.ml ^.ly th.'.t' !»• .!'-! M' l'i I'-i ..n ;» ■■' i" . n!. \t. and a? -ich a > i thi- i- as . -i ir,c> -la . i\ .i:- -!kI for uiii.li 1' I \,r U':: ot tiK ; - .111 ; i< -n !• i..'!!r.i; I- that ctr-.-inn. t- •: - ' ' 'r^. ..■ul la- iini-t lia\r Mnhh.-iro ■' ■ \ 'n .!. ni.i:!.l l..r ii I ia- \- i> ' ' til.- -j.iril of lu-foic and •..•?< I'n ■ an.-.'. , 6. In hi- Ml.-, . --I ll .-!!". ;'i n liu- d. ma'- 1 lor liu- . -r>- nn, ' )■ ■ : ■■■■■■ i'-.'' 1;.,, d:-.'..ni!ii.'! • . t,. - hi •■ r, 'i, .mil ,c.-rcd a l.Mih.iii' u ; i i hi. o-aii cm .-. |,n..ii .,| !h-- L-.-i-. ; 1^^:: n-.i. lu- i- 1. .1.1. 1 - i\ an-!\ n-iw iiilinil.lv n-i'-jni -. d In . ,f ihc h r-: -.ih in ch-ircii a- , i,-i-;, :,r of llic K>)-1"'1 <" ll"-' ( ,. nil!. - I io I But from the authorities i i r -• ) — h, la- a-j,,iil. in llu la ,i' ■■: : i-"''- '"- unmniMr i- f..ri'.-t!. ii i ■'! imy havo ,.,t to .ai 'I r. ,-, -! 11'. aiiliii n- ,,,..,tioii. .i-l-,i- .-. . ' ;n!n:--:- ti. > " lhl-4 I, 1,,., j. t ik, i; n|.. Ill ,1 .1 :t. 11 .-..n-Tnc II, .11, Mir..- cl.ii'-.- inr-iiir i'ail thf , •A..r.l- •' t!io-c \\li.> h.ii! t!:,- ■•.-/•K .i.'P'H of llit inv' --.nutliim;" 1<- id T .'d m'-- a (larcn tla-i-i — whatever they were makes no difference to me- uhuh "i i"'. - r--.- 1.. ani.th.r i,ai ,-n;:i. ■ i GOD respcctfth not MAN'S person nia •n- 'l ..rd.-r tiriiiR- out -tronulv 'iu . i Tt .-• 1. 'w.-.-i r,o the riKlit liauiN ; that we . <•]<-[ pouelits w.re l"i!'l "I ixl.illmi; tl.i an j tlioritv of llu ap'-ll. uliich tiny rei;-iidid , as ntii(iiie. Taiil, imIL.uihk m<- (//,.>i,-. e'-timate I't iiu ii, n u Jniiiiaii an lliuritv a- a mallrr of inditTi reiu t'. (. ar- r.Mrt; til'- nM lati^n ..f j>-ii> and tlu- dume anllirnl ;i ,ii 1. 'n m In- lu ai t. Iir ni rd- no aiitlii nlHaU'ii irom the ai"i-tli~. "It make- MM dilVe at l!n livynmmg of the verse) — imparted u i. ( .'//ak//, , ,'ii/\t ;i'f//i. in i. same (Ireek word) nothing, tut coniniiiniea- tion or aiithon/ation — they reeo«iii/ed in\ independence; Paul owed them as little on the second \i-it as on the first (i. iSt i. 'Ihe wi>rds, however, may po>siIily mean; "they impi>Si-d nothtni: on me " — no Inn ilatUMi of my missiunars aeliMly. no "li liual;..n 1,1 oii-.rvi- the law. If the laUir lu tin nuannii;. a dil'tienlty r.ii-ed by tlu' 1. ini- oi .]■ . ,>■, ni \\ -•o, -'o. 7. 8. N'l'l I'l:'^ 'i:d !!■<> 11"! iMlp.in anv- lhin« to in. , but on the contrary, when they I ; r. Mn.- antliorilie- IVu r. J.inies ,-iiid b'lm. ■. r. •)» saw ivoin ilu- r<|.on uhiili 1 In tore tin ni ( mt. ) wiia llie "-'.en- ;ind w-n'Ki- wvoiiulii .anior:..; ilu' (niniU-" (A.!- \-. . I -'I that I was. 1 -'lii .,„, , |H 1 1 i. entrusted with the gospel for tia (i, ntile-. the uncircum- cised, as -nr. !v .i- Peter wnb the t;o-]K l for tlie Jew-, the circumcised — a ureat a(lnn--ioii to in.ike (^aWwi i-ven a-), a praetieal recoK'iitioii of the co-ordinate im- port. nice of I'anI and Peter. There are of course not two };o--pels (one in\oI\iii>; eir- cimici^ioii for the Jew^. the other remit tinn it lo the (.rntilt-i. hut only oiu- : aiid aeenr^eil he the man who i- not f.iiilifnl to ih.it (i Hi) I wo >;■;/,■.,■.>■ ol ev.ni (.ieiie.d aeii\n> ..u- .ni|MP i li' a. i...w,v>r. >lricllv ueoyrapliual. a- ihi Jew- weri- seatlere'! t \ cry w luTe abor.t I'n W"rld: and rven ih. r luo spluTes are not ui'itn.allv c\eln-n> I'.inl al-o preaelud in tin- -\n- aKogiies to the Jews, ami Piter lo the It lo d.ll w a Paul hi-re in- eniph,i-i/e ihe ■s hoili i'lter's in the ni.-pira- (iemiU- 1 .\ct- \\ lernipt- 111- -I III' 1 ii- -'v ni tioil ih.il w k .and hi- ow n ; 11.11 of ill, i|i\ine -liiiietli that the work of liMih u.i- donr. For He that wrought for Peter, ici'iinpinv; him with .uiit- and -trrir.;tli for his apostleship among the circumcised, wrought also for me for my work .1111. aiu the Gentiles. It is scmie- what -urpri-ni« that Paul iloes not take thi> opporiiimiy of eo-ordinatin)? the aj" I'.iti'lii- importance i.f his own work with that of IVler. especially ,is tlie .er.nmnatical striicttirc of the senteiiee aim .-t invitcHl such a statement ; <" ttji' diroffToXji*- tui' teinoe (to till- iifiK^llr.dhf .-f the (ieiltiles). Iln' .i! .nu- r.ii'' ihe w holi- i'ont< \t is an iiiif!i,!l aekiiou li 'l!.;uurit hi- apo-tleship ; he reecunl ilu- Mulil h.md of li llow-liip. 9, 10. S< eini; that I w.i- I'ntru-lid with the eo-pi! lor till' nneireinnei-i (1, and per- ceiving the grace of God that was given to me — a- ni.iiii f< -!i d in lu- wlioK- won .U-rfiil ean'er, hi- e. .nvi r-ion, hi- call, hi- -irikiii).; -iki-i-- ,a- a mi--ionary to the (iiti')!.- — James, tlie Lord's brother (i. |i)>. and I'vIiT. lu ri . a- el-ewhere (ex- cept vv. 7, Si e.ille.i Cephas, and the apo-iK- John, the -on of /clKdee, WHO were regarded SoKoirrtt. ci. ver. J. 6) as pillars of the cbnrcli (snpporlinn it. as pillars support a temple), gave me and Barnabas right hands of fellowship. lb re then Paul's gospel and nn--ionary jioliey are deliber.itily and cordially riC'ii.;- ui/eii at the headqii.irter- of the Jewi.sh ehnrch il-elf. an that chureh. two lie- I if .b - 1- 1 11 .a- .an inli i lor. bri called to .v/iiii,' s\ lion of tin- W'lrhl to the Gentiles cumcision, eai h 1 w III by tlu- leaders of 111 .111 « I vi- ihn et ;ipo-- lekiKiw K liire Paul Hot ihnr ,•.■'/ •;.. (hvnirly ■in llu \ .anecii.'a - that WE (should go) and THEY to the cir- to the -plu re for w liieli was ln-t 111'. 'I not only ..f P; Ins yosDt 1, fi r ,- he h.i.l 1.1 I hi- was a reco^jnitioii id'- pernliar -iiln-re. Iml of ill thai sphere he preached, 1 tlu iil I er I a t;- .-pt 1 without circumci- in. The only injiinc- ,, r.m vvlR-n IVtcr was o.mo U, Aiiti- J:.nu'>, lio <1m1 cat «itli tin- («-milos : but oci I \Mtli>-- '1 t" the face, because «lu-n iluy wen- lonu'. hr xviili.Ircw awl he was ,'. 1. anu.l separate.l hi.n..lf. f. ar.nK' th.-.n which U For before tli.i! > , it imi came from were of llie cireiimeiM'm. tion that the ehler apostle- a-socialri .lii.laa i fi;.- ■ . f.ir (■itipha>i>. i . pla. < '1 1h1"1i o .i. , _■ C,,,- II 41. riic pi.\ir:\ "1 tlh- j. I ni vlmri-li. imitin.i; a- it ilul thr lii.iralin "t the |ori::^ii o'iiiir.ln-. wa- a mean- "I n ni^tlu iiiiii; I'm- tnlMm "t Iii,.i1ut1i'""1 aii'i llu' unity .'I tlu- > ' 'i rluiroh 1 ■ I -• t-'T 1^ iJ 1.-1. And this very thing I have been ii"! ..ii!y uiliii'v;. Inn I '"'"I zealous to do. I'aiilV iir..iliatril /lal 111 cllrrlmj; amotiK tin- li«'iitilis tor ilic poor of ilu- iiiotlur diiireli i> attc-'fil l,y 1 t or. wi 1-4. J Cor. viii. in. ("lure lie uri;i.s upon ilu' Corinthian- llu' evanii'le ot the Macedonian- 1. Ae!- 17 \>"- eorilniK' to Acts ni. .?o. \ii. J5 i ' ut -re on iial. ii. l» lie hail e\eii eoll. ett ' pa--!'.;' i- ,„ie o| l .iu;. b nn:,:i ni'ere-1 ; t«o yrea' -lolie l.a.ler-. d ; !t'. viti'..; in n ■ '.•.lit and e-'iiavie. but one in tin :r .'.i^ot:..' I'ne -, rviee of Cbn-t and M ■ ei'n. h. a"- ransjeil on oppo-ue -i.l' - 'ai a \it,d ir.n - tion, and I'lie i- c!ri\ In- . 'ii-. i. i" and In- eone. p' '.on ■ f ili, '.^o-pel to willi- st I-.,! 11 e o'' , r !■ ' llle l.i> e Hut when 1. ; ! - ■ Peter came to Antioch no donh' .itn-r the I. rn- d' in eoiit, r. nee d. -en!'. d ill I-lo; "i„ til.' period eoe, r. 'l I'V A-.-i - w .Vy-y-. rather tlia", ni die lat. r jierioil i \i't- x-.ni 22), a- by that time I!arnal>a-. who is pre-eiit in ( id ii \ .\. V !e ol .ittiliide toward- tlie tiiiitde riin-lians oi the .\nti.ieli einireli For d'lrnr.: th<- prri..il ( inipi i before the arrival of some .:iiet;aie- from James, he was eating with the Gentiles. In I'l- 'le w..- ..eitj.u ni the -;„rit oi ihe 1 1 Ii. I'-el 1' .u nl m ' "n- II. e', oil witli (. .'Vnelni- i \. '- v l -'J^'. ;...,| in t'ne -pill! .'i l!ii ree.nl ,-. .iiip.iel. e,iur..'!-lv u:l. 1 p.,-. d : !.iit ii.-l .i' all in t'u- -M' It .'1 ..n ..i!h"lo\ J. 1 \. 1- J ; |.;.l, . s\ J 1 App.it . tt!',v m.un. of ('„. i, vi-li ( liri-i:all- .0 j. tu-.d. in li.e! 1 ot -•• niterpi.'ed llu- ."nip.ie! . iii. v li.i.l 1 , .-..'.ini,-. d tla- 1. ■-.' it iin.ie> "l r.int'- l;..-P' I •,i til.' dentil.-, 'il! ill.' Je«-. ill UeeoniillK ( iin-tiaii-. u.r.- -td' t.i rem. en Jew-, faith i t." :li. ir l.i'.v- .'.n'l u-.iue-: .and t'ldi'litv I., mnal pr. -ei 'i.'!' n. .■ m ihe matter ■ i! lo.icl. W.l- o!.vlo!I-'v lll!po--'Me t'l Jews uh.i a--'oeiat. d a! t.iM.' - wiili le i't.le-. who u, re l.onnd U i"' - a 'i ' ' ■■l '' - 1 ,,1,. ue ar.- n.. ■!""! l t ' nud, i -lan-l the .l.-t'iitatioii from i.iiii. - 1' i mil.e.l ipiile , iMe. a- l.mlitloo; - -e: ■ '-. t.. -npi...-e ••ti .il thev earn.- iin.-t..l v.'di - ni.j i.ower> ir..ni Iain.- wlneli t!i,\ t' n-, .1 l!iit. ! \ w a . leon \ rnii; 11:' •■ ia.II- r- .1 io J. ' '^-'-'ni i and ei .n-idei i u. l n ili. i . i -eil. di -pl'e 111- |i .-t e\p. hi- 'ji ii.-r.'ii- .itini .'• '■' ;,More p!..'.iMe tli.it li ' . nnrepi.-eiil t!., nn'id , 1, lain.' \. !- WI iS I ). 1 it r.'er Inin •11. ' , .d'.in.l.aied , < e I't -. It I- ■ b .• - .!•.! not ■I I t,-,!!!i 'i- ill 1' '1 . ••omn.i' •■ " di It.. -I'ai|i ,|i\'.,i..' ..| til. ( hr'-M,,!' uoil.l into J.w- .•I'l fi.nii'. -. .lid n.ol .1. ole eonteniplali' ' ,1-1 , "Itv tba' -AO iM I..- .-riare.! Lv i : ., 1 ,.',,,.. !,. -eel. a- . M-t.'.l at \'e,o'!i But after their arrival, he i I'.n-^ began to withdraw and tm.i'U to separate him- Iself. and nrmn.-.ine.l tin- -■!,'■ ■.' • 1 1 ininf I because he was afraid of the adherents of circumcision, n p lu.ip- -'t I the lewi-li Clin--i e:- •.•' n- r dK. lull "t I k l-trieler of lli.in. wh-. m-i-n.l n|i"ii 'he Centile- adoplmu Jewi-h rite-, a- a e..|i ditioii of itiiere. nr-e with them. 1 eler a (JALATIAXS. 13 Anil the other Jews di'^'iimhlfd like- k<"V' wise with hiin: iti-ii.niti.-h th:it li.irn.ili.is It th' also \v;i^ i-;irrn il :iu;iv uith tluir dissiniii- m r ( lation. \^''> 14 Utii when I saw tiiat ihry \valirdin!i to tlie truth of the ■ I, I -i.iid tttitii T'l ii T liifiirc lltriii nil, ■ It. lu iiiy M ji w. li.i-t at'tiT till' tii;iit- it ^ .iiid ni't a-i do tlic Jews, iiipi lli -t tliou the Gentiles to live as with (i.nlil.- i\a- a liialtiT i-l the Kravi--t itti|".i liiu f. oiii^idirillK the loye- lea--l wliii 'i ai l iittijiaitn-d the eelehr.ilion 1)1 the l.ni.!'- Sii|ii>fr tcf. I Cor. xi. .tv- ^4 ) : i-iiiijiiiiiiiiiin hetween tnenilaTs of llie "two Krial Melti.n-; of the chnreh wotthl thtiN heioiiK- ititiHi-^ihle, ami th.- >acr;iiii' tit which oiiuht til have itnili-d nun vviild ilivtile tluiii. it i-* eiiri. i~ I" lin.l I'lUr. after tlie l.ip^i- > yi ar^ .it!, r. aliai.l nl the ,li:itii!ii. .11-- .'1 eir.-iitiiii^ioit. " 111!' whole 1111-1. l(;it 1- r.inarkahly charai'teri-tic of IM, r - r\. r llu lir-t to reCoKiit/e. atiM an t \- an-.ple. also played the hypocrite with him. .Neectdti.ii t.. I'ai:l. tian- IVt.r ua-^ a livf"i-ri:r : he iiniui i, .!. Uy h\> \ht< in uln.-li he re.illy l.iluN..l. lit' m:11 that it ua-; riilht t" lat wi'li H.-iit il.-- : l.ii! f. ,ir, .iiid ihr ]>re-M!ii' .>! l!:.- il. 1. ■ 'ii. I ..iiilinu .1 t.i itlihu-e hi 111 to t iMiil 1 \ 1 I ^ till- i-- rather le>- than r,i-t to I'etir, II.' ilr.;ill\ .u'l. .1 un.l. r tli.- iiiipn -i- n .1 111. 111. .111. til ,\1 111-!, ill the iii!;m!-i .'I .1 l.tue hi-.irt.-d . iitliii-i:. <.'!!. he a»-. .ei.-i:. d nil llu- I M till!. - .11 I 'I'-al aii.l l-i.-tlu riv I. rill-: lii't th. ].:. -.11.'.- .'1 the 'l<;l>tit.il '-"n l:'i:ir. Il iD- i . - I. ,ri.! tl'..- a u .iki-niiii; cm- -.■ioii-i"i. .1 till- W'\'- and !inj.or!atU con- sf.|ii. ii.-. - "i" '.he -lep he had taken, n-nnld set 111- e..ii.l!u! in a dilTerent liyht. and lie tnav ij::::.- 'itir.irh. h.^^^ever ine.in vist.titlv. li.i\e ■■ wilhdr.iwn and separ.itw! himself." l o Taitl. with his eVnr eonee])- lion of the tinaltty "f the k'o-Iiel. and of the utter irrele\anee .f n".- .ind eere monies, sneh a ^tep nia> wW have ->iiiuwerfnl tlu- .i|.|h,i1 ..i J.i.l.ii^tn — Harnaii.i- wis .1 l.\;ie. Ili- d. feeiioii tmist li.i\e h . 1] to I'anl an aim. 1-1 more slai:i,'erin'.: than the rie,itii.ition of TeliT. a- lie li.id :iee. .tnp.ini.il I'.ml on hi' tir-t ;ir --'.'ii,ir> i..iini. v ( \et- \iii. _' tT, ) .■Hid I'.i.I :i. m 1 M-e. Ir- I. Ik . \v -.111. '-i le t.) t'le < . Mil- - . x'v .). : p. 14. But when I saw that they did not walk straight in accordance with I "(HI?: -.> raMirr l'i:m in t'lr J, •« .'M. the truth of the gospel 1 ei. \. 1 51. wln. h il-is ti..t tiei.l. .-111.! i-:iiiii'n i..ler;ite, any s'lppleinetil If. .lit i!'.' , .il ritnal pre- -.npti-.ti. I said to Peter iCft'lias) piih- helv before tlutii all, as, eonsiderinK the pettiiei..ii- itulu.nee tif Peter's example iip..n til.- r. -I .'f the Jewish Christians (\er. 1.0 a piiMie reproof seemed to he ne.-e-vai'y : "If you. being hy nature ( I'irdpxa'i- ) a Jew t(,i'. ''I'M! .III./ /'(.•./ a Jew: l.ii;hM..i.i ) (cam hve like the Gen- tiles and unhke the Jews, how is it, then, that, if no! Ill d. Iini'.- \\. .;t aiiv rate hy the force of \i.iir iiiili:. i-. .- :iii.l ex:itn- ple, you compel the Gentiles to adopt the usages of the Jews? I In- pr. --ettt liusc ,C>}' e:iti har.lly lu- tii..iiil t.i iin- ple t!i:il. I"i" a . ■ u 1/ /( >' p.Ti.'il, I'eter 111. I .-i! ..ii'l. .11. .i l.\\i-li 111 t",i\.'r ..f (ieiitile I'-iiL.'.-: III-! -iii!p!> t!i:i!. .-I- o.-.'.i-i.m ot- I. re'i. 111 I'a tii.itt. r ..f e. .iniii. -ii iiu-:d-, -ii.'wr.I tile -,;iiu- li!'.T,i! ;itli"vl.' t.i llie tn iitilv-; aii'l. I.. ;! .It es'.ii!. the ■i:inte e.m- e. ))ti..ii of !'u- e '-p. l, :i- \'a\\\. lint wh:it :in ifC'ii-i-l- iie> ! .ivu'u - \':t\\\. ^'olI yotir- -ilf ,iri' -.I'.w iiiipi.-iiin tipoil the (jetttiles r-.rj,- wli.h \.iitr recent e..n.htet ^how s that \on reu.ir.leil a- nv. --. nlial. I'eter's pri-eiit eoiidiiel. as r.ini p..itits out more litlly in the tte\t par.i'^i;ipli. i- r. .illy he- itifj deterniitti .1 hy the Jewi-h I.iw. not hy |l.e l liri-lviii e. '-p. 1 I h.' .1 " - wi-lu d t.i tti:iitit:iin tli.' ko\ .in-/ th.' ,i;.i-p. l: T'-nl ".'!: 'I,.- irii.-, .it 11. io!i-.!.-i V. t|i;it uospe! Wlietlur ■r \v :i- in ill.' h. -t M lie iiiipi '--il li', It' til.- m.-i.l.'iit, i- \ 1 ry intelli- I'anl the verv e-senee of the it nil' - 1 t' <■ 1,1 w ■ t hi- pi'hlic n hiiki ol r Christian spirit. ;! w i'!;..ii! tiirt!:. r k". ,\ k'.lue -.IV : h'lt. 1! :ii'\ rate, it Wihh (11. II 1- \\ ■ :, 'i:' .p ■ Jiw- li>' ti.itnri-, ;i!ul ti'it jiiitiiT- • •! •' ■ < > 1. uir.L^ tl , t :i niii!! rot iti-:;ti.'il \<\ liu n.irl.^ .il 'hi law. Imt I'v tlu- tuitli <.t !; Cl.n-t. iMH N\f lulifM'il ill l liri--, .1' wo tiiiKli' jti-titii il tlu i.ntli .1 cl:n-t. ii.'t t>v tlic works i>f tlu- l.iu : I.T ]'\ tl-L- wtUx 'iI t!u' law -iKill 11" iu ~li I'l- il 17 I'.. It II. wl iU \\r M i k t.> Im' in-tili.-d I'v ( liri-t. \\f ii'.ir^ilv ;il^'> :'.ri- f.miul -iii 11. r>, i.< tlu rt !"rc t. liri-t tiu iinni-li r "f >in' f. .rlii.l !■* i-"..!' it riiin'.! .ly.rti thi- lliitu:-- wliioh I >l. 1 iii i'.i' iii>-' It .1 tr,iti-ur>'^^"r. GALATIAXS. u, v I'l 111 l'-.i!m o\Iiii. 2, in i' iiiMiliiu'il i. II 111, "no flesh, ui> n iii. shall be justified." Tlip iruiiiiu iu 1- (I' Mi l'i il. "t ,11 li j-t . r.iwiu il. as olU'ii in l';!'. I'V a ii'inlalinii troin KoslK-l liail I'l . ii u'..l>ai.Ii/. .1 l.> llu' .ii tioii law, a ..I IMiT in '• witluirauiiii; liliii--' U " ; aiul -■in. ul it iviT iiitri'jiiil speech was iiccess.-jry, it ii" i:..l wa^ tlu'ii, iur-..i'al ino.l.ii: n>! 11..1 ral.-l aiul tlu- ■ Si-ril'ttiro, lli.>-n;',i it i; .i!i> 11 - I'.-iiU lari;. Iv I11..1,' il iTM ■! ; ri:"n nf ilu- ciii-tli- 1)0- fri>iii his owti a.liiitu'ii "li-.-in llu- wurk- UMuiiiv \Mili d\ 111; aii.l it lias lu iMi a of the law." 1 lu' wnnl •■o^o* I /.i.> ) tli-.tiKh 1,.1UJ .lv,l.l!,d lllI.^tl.M! \vlK-t!uT tlu'V «(> llsfd luTf Wlll'.ollt tlu- ,irtu-I.', rctlTS uith tlu- OIK- cr tiK' t'l r. TIk-v an- c.-r Itliroiiulu.ut tlu- .-i-i-Mr .l.-tiiiii, Iv to llu- t iailv -.nu-wliat .loclriiial in form. Lnt !n|.l.-w:-li 1 nv. ,ir.| iiu r.- ii.iriu ul.irlv on it. . ■ ■ I 1. - .•- ( , I .,,1. .-■ I'll ,1 ti il Ullll ItU" 111- ill.- 1 Mlllll.l-I> !, I ]., ,1, iii.in.l- '. I ii-r.li.-.ition c.in i!i I' w .n |;i-n)i.-.i! !■ Ml l.llllU .■'llUHU.ll .I'V'i ..... I. .■in\ Va-i- tlu- iloi-triiR- ^;lows with ri-nnn:~- u-n , m, .11 .J Cfiu-fs of till- i-iirount.r u.ih l".-;--r, aiut'l.p. lo tlu snnu' of it is only fnlly i,:i.-l!i.;in,- u-.Tu that inciiKnt as its iiniiu--!i Ih-iu! Ill v.r, 14 taiKs In- ;i :!i:> i Ho nl^>-lioiis, wliR-li l):.rll>- 1-^-1'! "'--.i--- •■riciit.il ari;i!!!U-iiI, arr ]<.a{U ..■Uhi l-ia-!.-ii uliuli I'a'il .-lUr.-r.;- m lii-!:iu-t- of ri-l'orts ot -;ii-ivlu-, p ;- .i'r^ in:., r. l!. .-tu nis art- not inn-. .innioii (i-i l..;-;i 11, im 15,' 16. WE (ari.-) born Jews and not Gentile sinners -( .. unKs and -nuu-r' I lu->i- wonK r.in oii v 1,0 ir.mioal on tlio lips of I'anl: tiny an, | I N-^ at any ra'.o. an .-ir-'Uinont a.Mr. ---< '! to tlic :i : ! Jo«i-!i 0..IIM-1..II-IU -< ot M,|,.ru.nty aiulji!-.). prorou-i'no. a pr. '■..i;an\o wl-'.oli tlio v.-rv : 1 ,v I tu-xt vor-o vh..u- t.. ho unro.i!. ..r. a! a.ny rato. inol"foOli\ 0. -o f,-ir a-^ -.ih.il — 1 1- i'- n Cornell, r. I'i.-il'-, a.-. Lip-ii!- li i- - 'l. wo Irno l>.-r.- " tlu- \or\ w '.'< w ' IVtor - ' ■■■-■^^ ■ ■■" the (', -.-.!. I '.' i-;.^:-.-" Yet knowing, u . that man is not justified by (,\ ; iii-!iii,-..!- .1'-. - iu.|_ -pniu; ;'-.'if! 1 the works of ' . . • \,\ ) the law I" only by means of taitn in Christ Jesus. WE ALSO ^ 'i ^"<"> 1. iiiaii > ;.-iiiiio -1-^' ' 1 -. ■> : all.-'-;o.l -',;iHri..!iM a- J -.v-. became be- lievers in Jesi's Christ, in order that we might be justified by |'^. /V.'hm faith in Jesus Christ, and not by the works of the law; for, by the works of the A''ili.ii:-. ratlur on iIu- . lau .i! of lliO l.iw .11.- - -. ll lu-vi r 0' .nu- l' -r n; 1 1 !i i- ai'i|\:r!.il 1:' ; uli;!iu nt. llu- rr.-i.i;;ii' u .11 tl:.it ,1 iii.in. m n.:h! ri'ilu.ii- wi-'n • lo.l ll'i- lio ..irn..t sii-iiro 1\ "w.ik- ot tlu- law,"' wliu li lo.i.K t.i il. -|.air. Ion onK " -lironijh I'lrli in ('l-ri-'." t>\ uiu.-i- dialli f.-r viii. u-'li It-. .1.-1: M t.i:,.-- troiii tlio law. and in y. lu ral troin "li.i- |M-i--oiit ovil w..rl.r' (1 41 t!u.-. rolituiii-. woro made |i.i--iI.lo. riiiN f,ii:h III i. hi:sl i- a^ 11000-- -.,ry 1.1 Jo«. ,1- t" (loiitilov. "Wo who ,0 Ii-w---," n.i ll than llio -iniior. of llio (ioiitilo-. Ml or. lor t.. at'aiii >-alvattoti. l;a.I t.i ■■ h. !■, ll- -, .1- III Cliri-t " The l.nv. t!u-n, vv' uli o.i\< tlu J.w- .1 -.-oinitii? .uhan'.i^ -. r .;l;> no ,,d\ .!n'.i:.;o aitor all I 111- -.• ;.. ! tl. • 'U .iiul retviv. - )i<. liolp In .111 ;. ; ! ,- i' , ;i-:i|„...-- of thi- L-'.-Im 1. II \li,! -, rt till, i- i-.-i '\lia' I'l I. r. .-..I- h... t.nl. .1 I., r. . ..ittii -r :i I.iu .1 |.l.i.-o ;.i whi' ll it ri.-:l:r. .in.! i- i!n:- j.i i.-'i. ,ill\ .l. iiy ■-, . I tlu- u.i-iM-1. of t.iilli iti 1 !:m-- .1. ..I.-n,- 17. 18. Ill .1' in.|. ■ilin._- In- inS i.-, uir-o 1! ! ■ 1.- uiih 1!,^ (i'litn.--. I'.-l. r pin'-, illy I. .nl.----t-s t'nit that int. rr. nir^o w .i^ ^-nlill. II. r.- t':- n .1 .'i!- niiiia I'ol. r " sook> to 111- in lili'il in ('Iiri-t." and \ot through s.-iUi;!'.; tin- 1 n.-'ili. .Ill- .11 111 I'lin^l ij/.'»i<". aiul 'Ini- ooii-i !i riii.» hinisi-lf free from Jtrtti-'i r-tii.i! o'-'i-4.it-:--n, V- ha-- '"-.■!! lod into vin. Ft i. C"liri--t. thon. in a soiiso, who i-- rosi»on->il>li- for his sin, in K-aditiK him to hroak with the Jewish taw Hut rhri-^i a miin^tor of -in! lmi«>-»ihU-. Now if. seeking to be justified in (ic. 1:1- tl ■in- ',' 23-t GALATIAXS. [Cii. TI 19 For I tlirough the law am ilcad tO|(;.Hl, wlio lovicl im . ,iiul k.ivc Inm^cli f.ir thi' law, lliat I niinlit liM- iiiix. •.cxI. ; inc. i, a- M I .ini cnu-iru,! Willi I hri^i : n. vir- I JI 1 <1.. n-t iniMr;.tc the grace of (.oO. tluK-ss I livi ; \rt iioi I. l,ui Christ liM ili i..r if riKlii.-Mii-iu -s . ..mtf by tl»« law, then in iiic: and tin- lili- «liu-li 1 mnv livi in tlK jCliri-.i is dead in vain, tlt sli I live by the faith of the Son of | alniM>i -.till nil Ji faith oiii Christ alone, we ti'aitl includes liiniM-lf for arKiinunt and conrte«iy s sake ) ourselves were found to be sinners, is Christ then a minister I of sin? Never! Hut if not CliriM. then i who? for ll.i !<• i- -111 si.iin wlu re ; if a man goe* h.u-W ii|n.ii liw iniMiiii-. cmhIiuI, if he reliinl.ls \v!,.a In- h.i- .l.~iro\>,l. lu- was K'nl'y eithir iIp n ..r n.iw, :mi(1 lu- 'iilc^^t !' as niiii h ; llu- i^r.\\\ i^ olivicm-A- /.;,>• So lii rr. 1'. '.< 1 . li.v In- w ith diaw.il Irnin tlu- (kii'.i!. -. r. I''iil.lni.i; the Ji'u i-li le;.;al ^> -Uiu uiiii li I'V in- Ii K-inllv a--..i-iali<.ii Willi iluni. In Ii.ul (K-lro>cl. I !.,■ Kiiilt '■• 1" ' ' ' "■ li,. Ii.i- ni. TMil a llii-.'ir^h a t.ii-i m- at |, ,, t l.il lil. i.'Mi-i ptii'ii iilarly I't IM.r) rebuild the very things which I destroyed. I prove MYSELF tlr. transgressor. ig. For. I. for my part («'>"') unlike Peter and "the i.ilur .Kv. wI'k f eMahli-liinil liie law. ari- vin\iall\ /',,, ., I" It. am I.I ilu' law. riinnrjii In- " l inli in C'liri-t." lie lia- \irtiially entered aniit' i v W'Vll. ami I- iKad " tin- y i in wiiM " (1. .| I ri I'Vi -eiitv d I.y ilu l. w. A'l'l tins l.nK!i,..r, ■•1 lln- i> ni.n k- ;ilr.- nllnaree i- jn. ..M;,' 1.' he -miv. Ii! in I'an','- n:\-!;e,;I " er"ei!i \ i. ni \\;'h J. -ns ( \ ,1, .'!> 1. I ill- law sU >\ I'lii 1-1 ; hat ill d.Mli^:. lie -ati-lud its elaiiii-, ami i: has th. Vi !■ r, losuis; its power over ( iin-I. hv His hen .nniig a curse for ns." it l"sas its pouir o\er those who are one willi Ilim iti His di ath ( ni. I t I. i'.v iliin thi \ are red. enieii ii..ni It. ami from all i' - i.r.-.nl i-m1 or.K-r of t' ,■ H .r!'l I i, .\ ■ . '■' >' ' .'h l! ■ V ai.- now '\ -' ; through the law, died to the law, that I mi^lit live unto GOD. r. '.r ua- f-nm ih.- . -,]•. i nn. -n i.l hiin;; at the same lime dead to the law, an.l also very much .-ilivc to it; to laid compromise is muiossihle. He es that when a man dies to till' la\v. 111- iiinsf live to (/ a/. ao, 31. The d. alh an.l the life are equally real am! |i. niianent. He .li. .1. uas enu'il'ied. m .- I n..;.' lia- . ir:|.ha-:s ,,f luj and ».'P — but Christ that lives in me. He is aii.'ther man m an"'her world, imt .iiilv ha\ini: hr. .ken with, hut ha\niK (/(.■(/ !... hi- ..Id iiast. It Is II. >t hniiself at all i;,at live-, hiil an.ither silf. t'r.nst in him. I he tr.nisiMrnniiK ami reeeiieratiiiK itTcct 1. 1 Christ np.in Imn eoidd not lie more \ividly stated. .\ial yet he cannot forget — he h;is too manv painful retninders — tli;it he is still in tn,- thwii, h\'\n\i under the liniit.itioiis iT'li il. lii't lii.MU-i- til. \ ri \r,il -..in. ilmiK ..| tlu' inm r oti-i i..ii-ii.^s .il ilw .■iii"-ilr. ..I till- i.M im.i-t.rniv: l" violion iiv wliii-li lii- ".i-* ji. .--i~-it! tlial lii' li.i.l )>. a niii(|iu- of lii> i .>ii>i ini< iit in.l. p< 11.1. iHc <'l all liii mail autliiiituaU.Mi. aii.l i.i 'Ih- ri.iir.iu. vm'Ii wliicll lif waN i.ril>ar.il t.i iti.utilaiii Ins cmcfptioii t'l till- v;..-|k1 cmii a.; n!-! tfa.i-iili.ir im'"'""" ' ' ll,, .r oi.ini. 'iix 1. 1 -.il I ' M" '■' ■ '' wl ..-,- a':;li"r:l> wa- imImi iH . i. .Mr.'.. ■! li> a \t rv lar'^.- iiiniil.. r ..l > mm. -I in. M a'- Mipii iitc. I'atil nii.l. r-^.-l i.r.'t.aMv li.tUT :haii any iii.in "l h:- f.iii. u'ln-i- ,,| Im.jIi -^Lat I. l:.Ji..n- \i i.1l lla.l ,-lainu-.i !ii- lu.inaMc, t M \.\- pi . it. .illi.l iiii.lcr-lan.lmj: ..l uliat ua- iiiv.ih.il in (1in-nanil\ , .ni'l ''i- ' < ' '" " li.ill. li;- aii'l ll!- niar\fli'li-< tin-.- ?.i..iiarv cai . iT an- the v, ii ik -^.'^ : an. I 1- ■ li.l.litv t.'WariU Jiulaisiil .l.ml.lv atti lure l.y his own i-uiitV^-'ioii lliat lu liciit iMiiiliiiKly /lalmis fur t!u> ai:> tradili.'iis. ami that hv hail hitttrtv tin- proKfi's^ .ll th.' V'.vn^ l lir'.-iian ii Tin- rcv..Iuti..n u! ;>li !■ 1 ' ■ n \m ■ in his iniKT hif an. I wln.'i li...! li^ni , iiis K"-^I>»'1 'i"''''"'-' " •' rcvolatKin : it k..^- l.a. k i.. th.- unat .lav wlirtt 111- hail lu . ii - i.l.U nly MuiUcn «ii 1 111 l!u- \\ a\ ill I i,inia>. ii- \- -'l it w.i'i.li rinl I x].. i M iu-c iui'l i-.iiiie 1.1 l iiii .lir.-.-.K lr..in il'. --in rn.il nral \Miil,l an.l iiilin-I\ uith..nl hiiniati in.-.ha- 111.11. !! iii-iiir. .1 ll '11, .m the ciK- li iial. a 1,-, .if il..!. iH inl. iH'f. an.l ."Il till' i.tlur Willi a iMt.iinlv ami o mlulcnn- lu In- i-atl ami In- in.— ai;o which im -nl—- (|iu'nt cxp. iuiu'i' ha.l the Miial!.--t p.iw. r t.> >li,ik.', IK' ineets thf urc-at l.a.I.-r- ..I 'I.' ihnnh. hnt lu- owes to thftii lUithiT his Hiispol nor his aiitlu'ntii-ati..n lii» wh. h carter ami inlcriirctation nf tht j;os|>cl is ,-iu i;.M|ii.ii( -'il.-taiitiati.'il «.l 'n- .laini to imk-pi-ll'l. n. . , 11.' 1- ii"t alia;.: !.• Mk.- ihi- itii.-ir. in:. ■. .1 I 11'!- I" ^" * tr..p. h- "i I. wi-h i:iin--iaiii'\, .tml I" sh.iw '.\ .l. i .i .!■> w' ll t'V ai'.^iiin. at. In. it 1 ni i ■ ■ . ni'I Irwi !l I vs I' ulii r.- I . .I'l l I'. I. r . '■'- .-nit t" - i\ " h' l-i' T "n. it. I ■ t . .r 111, I ... 1 1 .! 1 in-ii;l;l "f lull- .'1. ari II. lu- h.i l 1 I n. It n-la-.i .1 I. n.- at Xiil'.'i-'i. ■,!-. r 1- .lllll I'l.- iii..n- Ills I A w nil .ll ' ill.,! Ill th. •■■ . Miiiu'K tri\ lal i,u..|., , .1 in til.- .,.!. . 11. .11 . •'ii'n..ll mral- t..' h w a-i.l • i. iitih . a .,-1. Mlhi .>f Iran-. .11. 1. I" imp. .i ' .iiiii- h.i.l I'-." t.n-"'. aii.l t!u- wh.ilc iiituTi- ..f t. iiri-traiii'... « ,111, ll w 1- luiu-h t.) s..- with s.i.h l i. i.li \ tho iiiipluati..iis ..I Ihr mw r.lr.:-..'!', Imt It wa- imirf t'> .1 - i-lU-im!. i-i..n. ' liri-' !i i\. I>. "1 •ll' .' . , I rniL: n.> lilll. I't. ~ t..^ h. af ''I'-'H -ho ^iliiali.in wli.n >v.n i'l 'if. pi i .r th.ini:!! lu- w.is. wa- ..ti.ii.l ..i '1" m l'"'i i.i, |niii.l'!v tl!f"A- I'n'.r- ..I'lra.^.' in'.' ,,11 th. „,.„■,< >p!. M.ii.l .1 h^hl I' "■"il'l !.,. ,.t |i. . Miliar in., r. -t ;.■ Ki '"A iii"!.- "I ; the .1. '..ll .ll il .1 ti-'i't- ' " -' . iili. 1 ii'v; I.i < ;i. .1 nu ;i. th. I"" i:i'-'>l jlea.l.i-. ..1. h .1. v.it.-.l t.. iii.tr .-..iiiiii.;!! I \|.,.,, ,, I „ . ,1 ,.n h ..'ll. 1, -> nili.ih/im.:. Ill :;l„ir ..|ip.. -'1.111, the IW.i Kfat typt-s .ll i t lui-llalliU ; hilt Wi- Ivll"" .11 I' I'l'^ Iniaiii point, that Lhri -' i.n i ' ' \ s'.i -im.I 1 hv raiil. l'>-ler'> attitml.- a.i- < t'. . I !.■ ••'n-hillM tlu- thlliKs whuh h.nl hon rc:,.Iv lU'sir.ivi.l." Taiil -'^^ 'i'"' i-l. iim .I w-.'ii il.a.Uy v.irm -til. - ■ -h.' iiii |ii .- -liiili' V of c.itiipriiini-.' ; he " .li.l ii.'t j:, :,I •• t-r a 111. .11.. n- H<- <-"-:hi ■,i.ni,l -il.iitlv hv. wliil.- im-tl -A. r.- !.. mc r<'.lm<-.l t.. th.' !...mlaKi- I'oiii \slm:ii Christ had S''t tlitin irtc. 236 OALATIANS. [Ch. Ill JUSTIFICATION UV F AITII: FKF.F.IX)M FROM THE LAW ( iii. I -v. I J). CII.M'I l-.K .\ 1 C) FIMH.ISII ( i.ll.lll.lll^. wli witclu-ii >"ii, that -liMiiM 11' truth, lirfon- uIkim- cyos Ji-siis Christ hath , hicii evidently »rt forth, cruciiWd among ith Ix-- voii? li'V till- The lir-l lUM ili,ilit«rs of tlu- cpinttr havf hull larnily m tl>i' f""" :> I'*r- soiial narrative. I lu- wii«hi wliu li at tacllts to till' i\|iosillrs. ,onu- from ill- lii iiiH an ai'ov'li'. Tin- aivo-tl. -liip lu- liali:rallv luriii- li> )iro\m« Niitlur it iior tlu- k'o-inl wliiili It ioiiiiiii--ioii> luiii 10 iiro. lanii i~ of lliiiiiaii origin. IJ'' . ""i'^ ,-,i\,il It ■ liv rt\rlalioii of J»--.\is Christ" 11 ij). not from tlio li'iitlt-r-i i>( the Jcnt- sali tii i limcli. Nay, those Ii-ailers later ac- ktiowiolKi-il his e'f|ii.ility with them, and later still, one of thetii he had even to resist to the face. This elaborate personal narrativt is doiihly relevaiil to tlu- .l.Htrinal .inil prac- tical puriio^e \Mlli «lnili r.iul \Mitv ■ to the r.alatians. It slu'W- tluni that, wlnt- ever he has to say, lie --.iv- with tlu- full anlliorily of an apo-tl. ; aiul tiirtlu r l!u- error which lu- wnt.s to .omliat -o sirdi nonsly, i^ tlu- vi-ry error of th. in. in whom he had had to withM.ind to tlu- t.n-i-. I li.it miscoiuTptioii of tlu- ^;o-]K-l, illii-lratcd liy I'cicr's (li li i ciu-.- to riin.d n-.ai;c. hi- cm- pha-i- on eNtirii.iV and niaii-ri.d thiiii;-. wa-- roo'i-d with fc.irfnl tenacity in thp Jewi--h naliiri-. a-- wc h.i\r -ccn ni tlu- ilefcction "lAcii of H.irnaha- " ; and it had i.-cn -idulon-ly clu-ri-h.d hy the cham- pions of Icwish prer<>native throiigliout the clmrclies whidi I'anl hatl founded. Thounk It is convenient to reconni/e in ch. iii. 1 the hcKinninR of a new section in the epistle, this is most vit.illy comu cti d with all that has ({one In tore, and \rrv especially with the ir.iniediately prccedni^; verses. They liad set forth Chri-t cni citii-d, .nnd the power of tli.it di.ith to :.!-.o!kh the riftia! ct.!!!!!- and national ;liieousni s> (li. .'i i. I'aul was as- tonished. lUi' I'o.ssi-ssii n i'i Ihc S{r.i;o!ten that siKht 1i\ CoiniiiL; iider the iiitliu-iice of s.inic hali-ful f.iscin.iiion .Xiiioni; the ( ial.-iti.itis, :is Mtiionj: the Corinthians (i Cor i. -M- ii J( Paul's prcichinn h.id n-'ilhered round " Christ crncitied," .and he is astonished I that men who had heard such a gospel and Ch. HI] OALATIANS. 237 a Thi* only woul.l I I.-.irn >f\o», K. tl,.- Sp.rn. ar. x.- n-u w.uU- l..r(cct by tlu- J Are ye so (oolwh? Iwvins Ihkuh m v.,... - it -/ ^.t .„ s^n^ soin such a siRht — that wu vvitlj a vcrtain emphasis ) should have Ucii witcncd. YOU btfor* whoM eye. had bttn «»tiily portrayed J«mm Christ cru- cUkd. The cmpliaMs falls ni>..ii ilu , i. ciSi'd. and Uio p. rf. p.iriio. mi;;«. -i- M'- ahidind fact of tlic cn.-s. ,i, p, riiM;i. iii lilacf Ml tlu- pro. l:imatn>ii nt tlu- ' 111,- ilhim- .-I r.iul^ pr.-.uluiiu' u >- 11-;' onlv Jc-.li- t-liriM. lint .I.-m- ( Iiri-t , r.l: uri/.'.-ii of l;-f.-i, luviJ wlu ilur in thoOld I c-tam.nt. or ni -oiiu- pn-vioii- U tter of I'aut: f '.i. .i'./.-,/ as a ptiMic notice, etc. I'.iu i..kiiiu -/»«■•"' as tiiiiit. iTfioyf^.'"' may nu-.m / i n' Vh/'/i./v. ami tlie relVrcnce w.nilil be to Ilu- Kr.-at r' tiirc of tbc c i- il'ed < >'u- which i'aiil lu-Kl before ibe .s yi in- hcarers. How cmil.l iIua Iu^'; 'Ir""" awav fr.'in tlie itnpr.--ioii w'n.li n \<.,>\ made upon tlu-m? i'" vv'. 'n in m coinl MSS. oniit alt.T irp"'". .■■1. ■■■i^l!t. H rctanu-.l. to ko «itli ^'''l'- ' tbo followiiiK participl- «.•' ■•crncil...! "i «.r aiiionvr vmi," A. V., but " depictc.l ""2 " Vhis is' all that I should like you to tell me; was it from the works of the law that you received the spirit or from hearing in faith? Hu -pirn wa- an tni- .U-iual.l.- -ion: it svas the power that i;,n, riu-.| tlu tu w life into wbi.-h tliiir coiu.r-ion had u-lured tb.m; but as ni I Cor xii. xiv., it was oftin acomipanii-il bv striking cxii-rnal inaiiil.--talioii- . aiul v. r 5 ,^..^^..5 1-' that it is at lea-t panK oi t!i.,i tli,.t I -,- tbinkillK lu-ri-. Wlu r. li:ul tin- -p.ril . from Cbarlv n -t tioni work- oi ilu tji-wislil law. f.ir a- (..iiulf- tlu-> ha.l no siK-h law. Tlii-ir s;ilvalioii. at any rai.-, hail not come from ob-i-rvintr cir. nnici-i 'ii. riinal us"^'-- VMtli rfi;;ird to f 1. etc.. but oiii'v from ,'/(.■ lu-.inii^ , - not, or oonr-f. iroiii /■ tlu- >-\poMt.on -t //i,- l lirl-tian imlli. but from lisi.nniK in f.ii'!i trom that lu-ariiiK wliioli i- .'.comi- p.niu ' In linili. It was not by doiiiK. I iit 1,\ 1 -.luiu:. not bv what they haii ac- coinplislied. but bv what they had heard in faith, il It tlu > li .1 1. . . u"l Ilu- spirit 3, 4. Are you so foolish? 'l -'r i"'b , ,iii-i-liiik; ni tntnniu i1- t !• 1 k npon tlu- l.s.,,,,. ,,i .-vp.ii.r.. Having begun with the spirit, are you now. iii t \ nr ,\p,!uiu.- -I tlu- -pint - i».w.r. makinR your completion with the fleah? I he liru f 111. i-ui- wor.i- ..I I'aiil point the cws s.mic htsht on the .irmiin. iils ot the Jiidai/« r» 1 1-<'> 'b'l not .ipp.ir<-ntl\ d.-nv tliat -.lUilion w.i-- IHjssiblv in l lni-t p. tlu- ("..-ntil.-- wb-. lu-1. al<»)f from Jn-<- who i-nibracnl Jiidai-m .ihom.I. .1- n »'k. a biKhcr form oi -.iK,ilt..n Ilu- on, tt.i- mdi-c.l a /'.-..iMi , tlu- ..i;.. 1 ilu- . f II .it..l r •.■■■M I"- .ii'ov. .1 onK |.y tlu- I- lu . /. . /' . I'-' iIliiii I m i 71 .■rrir.\<,a«» I;.,- iif!.- l--i ' n tlu- .. iit.M inul^lli- ill. Ill .1- p.i--u. . -'u- j.io.-.-v- ..I .1.11, Ml 1- ni,-..!. l.\ ..11.! iip-'U Ih.-iii K, , I h. nip:, ii'.n 111 til,' t!,-^!i t. l.-r- -r.^K li --.ii;!! lu-l <\cln-i\.K !<> cir .nnui-u.n. I r.Mii -pint t,, 1I1--I1. I'foi" ble i.iii.l p..u.r to ritn.il that w.-rr md.-ol a -ti .inu.- pr..i;r.---! " \n < s myi-lical lieKin- ,,,111; I t'.n l,.il.,\v.>l b\ a ritualistic Liulnii;" I 1 in. II. IV. ( „i.',;/i.i".(. \< 17-1 'Have you enjoyed all these t hn-iiin experiencca n..-. oi tlu- -pr/i in ^ vain? It is ibtftcutt to .I..I.1. thv"- nua-is .,»//,->.,/ I \ V \ i' \ 1 or .1 /•.•M.-ii, .-,/.' C. n.iniK r . |..Mii. t 1 the m.-anin« il-.-«li. I, m ili. S' w I . -!..!i!. nt . ami ili.-rt- i- dir.. i . v -i- n,-,- ' ih< v.-rt- .11 li-oiiiiim. l.>--r.i.t.- U'l ,\p--->-l ;,. -iitT.-riii..; < Mv J. .-. ,t tlu--.- ..-ii;!!! no- p. I"- .■..I1--.1. 1. '1 a- ,».., Lilian- ( lntr."l-i.-fon>. »li.-r- - in j l... h-i!.- ,1..m1.i 1! it tlu- , ..lu. n - 111 I i..',.itia pi..p, r u..nl,l h.iv. I'l-. n .-.pMlU -nl.i.-ct to p. r-.-. ntu.ii, •■ N.. on,- .-..nhl ,,.mc o„| ,.f !:. .iMu n -.ou-tv aiul . -poii-i- the caii-e of l,Mi-. \- r.liont makiiii; him-clf a mark for ruluiiK- ami vi, •l.-no- " (.-f Avi- m\ -v • Ml tin- siilTt-rinn will have l«-<'ii tor t»>th- m- if ihi-v Ko back to lb.- iMHidaKi- . nt \,r«huh tii.v were .M-vvrvd; an^l Paul's i.iM.-tu.n i- all the niiro (wMnt.-d. if ibe -tilfi-riiiK -lioiild havi- come u|>on tluni. as it ilul upon Ilu- .-onvtTt- at l.-.minm. p.irtly at l...-t fr..m J>w- (Act- xiv ; » ilicy are ntnrnitiK to the very tlniiK tluy had suffered for abandoninK But thi< thought. 238 (lAl.A HANS. l( H. Ill i , .|:,,. lha. Minn Uu:U u. r vv , „ ■ .M" uf ' ' : 1., .IP .' ■.! i.iii' !' Al'r:i!iam, wlliic «tv.>r.Hrf(i;> :ii.fn.|i i.ii. iii 'i. '1'"- mil si'i 111 -•• 1' t> N.ii ' '" > ■'■ ■'- ,!„• ,,!!i. I. ui ti !• 1- ! ' ■■ vi.iritu.il I.. IK U< - > ill ' i 'I 1 > iii>- (i.il.ili .1 ' v» /m.' >' ' I' """" il. I ml .1/. ' • III \ "ii ■' -^fi' ~" uiiiiii, llii , 1,1. viupiil ■ N vl I'.iiil i.inii"t 1,11,,-.; 1.1111- Il M tli.il liiN a>ii\ u ;| t r iliitiK- "f lln'in. Ill- 1 ., r, He then who is i liberally supplying ) vii with the spirit, , ,-, (,.„! Ml.. I I'aiili and pr..\iiii; tli. .''!.■ iin-i lu'i' liv 111. unit •^'l> working mishiy deeds among you,— (does He do thisi i -I'l ^ >'"' vliint aii.l \\"il> '■ - ^1'' conse- quence of CM > I works of the law. or of yiir hearing in faith? 1 lu yr ir i iii.ir li .'iM - U "l'< II " - '" I' -i'; ' '■ " " V\lli> .-ii/.v -11|>1'I.\ ll.i.; ii'l I U- , , \tn.i' .i; I'l ■ ili"ii — Kt lKT il lni»l ill ■h.- wir.li -in lU- or I tr"tii the llll^rin idi-II \ I. -^Mi 1. i >>"• llli"". hi.u.M i . il l> I r. min. .| ir.nii liting llu- , :li |.ir w'l..-. ■ I . nil i- here .irmiiii- dial laill. in t iiri-t i-riicili.- of llu law. I' lii~ n- t I h: - \ . ! -I- I' 't in- the I l' I- ).ri i-i 'liti;- -11 . .■. / • . ' i,-'i-' ■/. . 1. 'I!. I till- ill-, 'ily II lli.il -::!.-l-t- lu-I.M.n i-lti"^ till- lr\l. a ■•ii.iit'i' I i' ' Inil, •'ii- i". •\i? >l-- tlu- ..-ij 1-1 '111 11 I I ! Il.ill .111' I. . \.V I" , -t.lMl-- II. . -11 ill, .. .,r.- llu- til' -li'lit- thai cvlio tlirolt^lll'llt till- li>ll"\Mll« -l-Ctl'MI. 1.-1,1 111-^ — (i;/,/ 111 ini;. 1- i- I'lui.illy -I'liU ,111(1 its luati- rtlt. lllllll.cll, (Hvitii; |,i ill,- liiil.ii- mil ;. iH-i, 111 i ■ |. cn-f. \'"r fiifafttt ipoiicrs. mighty w. rU-l i-f. 1 for. xii. -'S. 6. Vi'ttr -(iiritual Ki!'-^. t''i' .iP' ' say-, i-i'iiii- fnui! /.Ji'/i. ami it wa- /.ii.-i llial iiia\i iiitu line <>t -iiri-.---.iin wii liitii 1 111 ri-. a- -I' "I'ti-ii ill N r. 1^ jiiiitlt i- ti"t -11 -'.n'Min; in l-',i'.'!; -il. ^ ni: it< faith -111. I r. .i- in ''i "l> '-nii n- l„,il.l .,11,1 \. ll. r..-.-n .'.-. Tr..:r,5, - .Tr,iu,.l. As Abraham believed , ii ' in • God, and it was counted to bim iur ( ti 't •• ii,.,l, ,,! ,1, I.m: a- liiv ;iia.-n.-,il iiinivaU-nt f-ii 1 righteousness. S.-ni'tiin-. ii,> l.-- tli,ni rvp. iii n.-i- ( w. 1 -) -li.nilil lia\r I, ii:^lii llu- I i.il.ili.m- lii' ■ -IK "i ri-' n.- I. .,..,! riu;!!!.-. in-n, - . 11. - .iiu icnt text (C- ii v\ (I I -inl. .l r.nil'- pni-]i,.se re- nin ;.,|i !■. u,ll. .mil lie lull- ii-i- it very eHii-'iwly (i-f. Ui'iii iv. ,0. ri iiling, of 1,1111-1. innrli nu-re itil" it than It ori^- iiiallv ri.iitaiiied In the nninediate ciMitrxt of (leiicsis. .Mimhani'-i faith i> :<■■ l-or tlh- I <'W />' iil..,-v ''il- t H'.ii- ( in. 7-14 ' 7. Tanl's Jiiilai.'iiit; jMineitt- ti.i doubt otteli i|tti>teil .TtnonK i' (ialaliiiK. with >;ri at force anil iinctii ; ■'»- ;■' "'-e 'I'-i' 111 .th),th,iin ami in In- 1 a'l iia'i.'ii- ,,| the .-.iiiIi W'tild !'1> ! hi V w.iiiM iiiti i-pi. t that • -m an -liit mil in virtue o' tlu-ir ' n > ih tl; ■ -.vv cotihl the .ilUl 'II I t : il ' ' - tllilli; ill- in ol 1 r. i! Il, . cir.-nii!i . -I' 'I ■ , ' i It w a- f.iith lh.it m.i- •«" ''■ - ai-ci-pi . ■ mil I ,■- /i/i .'!( t: . , iinl you perceive, thr i 1 ;i;u--> wnli a loiii- : 11 iiiiv 1 till 'iii;h the w mI I 1- itii|>. r.itive — know yc ' — I t -i i of faith. Ill- II whose spirit!!. , Ifri.'tl <«t iih, these, and ii- .ho I are sons of Abraham. .\t a -1 ^;ie ike, 1'anl iK-.ii - t'u' Jewish prero; 'iye a-iin- ;.T. He ,i..ilt- the appe.il c 'i>,S oppo- !i. ii!- to .\liral.atn. ! 'u-n ' iiiiphantly j-'.i..,,- fmni the Si; - tlu.\ .icknov.l- ledgc. that this ;'.ppe.. ; iruys ihcir case. 1 H. Ill] H Ami tlv (illll WUlt'' full '-r. W 1>I. ! ,j ..1 111 • law '" \ i S - . ■Ill !lu- , 1 llu-c 'I tl 1,1 : 'l ..i tl (ill! ..!!.■ l! t'p '11 .1 i 111- J!!-l -li.l ■ ll^"' I'V • "'i' |.> \ll>t till I.IW •» 'I I tic lll.ill lll.i! .!"t tll till 111 \ -tun. I Ji- ll- >■ 'i ' !• l\ llU. .1 V nil I.n t .ll - ' . litilif. Ir.ii. . » ^ Hi III . litii: .1 iiulii , V, . : for • cut Scripture ' ■ iiv otic who tloCn IK't , j.i^ -- things that .ire written h, out i law. to tlo them. 1 / . ill. It llf I 111 ^! l.tll.lU!!". ImU / 111- j II' >\ ' I "I'p'l' vli.. he- li.i> f. rtiflK Inltill. Miis tln-ri |'>ri- all an- Mi.il ut ,ill that till mill' i'.ir iiiitiii. th ' III the i,i I'-. .1. i,i.= lyn the , every m ALL ok of the ' ail .itr riktill.il i.i I II 10 l.iw. I h.it .■.ll.liT '^111 1. the II .irt "I ' i I'ltr-i". I II. 13. .cripture ' !»• r> r-|'': rcseeinii that it is in cohsc- ' iti.-n; Now that • Hat ! lustities the nations, proclaimed , by . t 'i y-*^"" _ , . , '^;..pel^ van. . . ,. ,M,.v. J.h^ .«ht of God. mar is to Abraham: blessed in th \, ami win. lllillU t.lkiH 1 u Al' ■1 IIP ■ 111 » liri-I I I lOl II . „ . , ■ 1 nations shall b« I righteous shall live by FAITH • 1 ' .! ,1,,,.! ..I ti.-i Ml. i" I' ; ■•^ •' ' ""■ ui.r.l liit^i •".> (•'""!' ■ i;ittir p..--.i«> ti.r ^".1"' !- liu'",iki'"-f tiu-"ai:. ii.i.-..t. wiiuii 1^ ^'i"";' ';, ' :|-|^ , . ' _ 1, .... ■ 1, 1..,! i.t r.ii miiiU ti""i 11 I fuiirM-. Ill I .> ii ' i "ii" i-' ■! 1- : tlir.v in.m laltli ii' •■ 't'n'! iJiri>l iipi.n tlu !i i, \i r\ pr..|i.i! l.- 1! 1' ' },\ l.lll'l. Ii. wlio-f 1 111 1 ll.it III 'ii, ,!1l|ill.l-l tlilllU s,.Mr.r "t 111- lilt' 1 !i 1 ■ ^ '1 v. 11 111. ■,<.<■ iMi-.i'i;iii;> hi. Ill lip 111. \]\v i--iii' tli.-.v tri'iil laiiii 1!' Ml' • ' ' " - • I II 11 ,• i„Mifi.Mn..ii. tlK' ..I -!u -pint iv. r. .: 1. | .iv.- I. . n.lr.. 1 ;.|>;„.,1 It i> ill •■' '■■ i-ir. iiiii. iM il til. 111. liii' ..-1 ■ ' ■ . o„.T 111.- patMii am! !)..• Lr -r "I tli.- tailli- lr..it lul. ti,.- tlu' r.a.|..i- ai. l" '• M.--''! Hr,- win.- pMin.-i- of M.-Mil;; ...a riittl^ t!ir..iii;h li' ' /,,„/,. .11 t.i s- 'i^. a K"-pvi. i titiu-: anil llu- Soriptiir.' pr.H-laiiii- it. In-- | t..i'v,- it li.risiu :' tii.Ti l.v f.iiili. Consequently it is the men of FAITH, ami not of u.a . who arc 1 blessed with the FAITHFUL Abraham ; --tiiiv siuTf <•"■■»■» 1' '1" "••'1-^- .■' tli.-i' tiuii of faith tiia\ l.c 1 I'l ■ii'v I ,' ti.it II 'II. . , , ! ' 10. It 111. n an- iii-iit'u .l l'> lailli, tliniiv, -,r ,i„. i,,v .- - 1:;,;..;:- H;;t y ■ ;h.-hia.'K (K.i'll;.. l"r <'"'■ k'-l'Ti"' it piTIn-t' , vrt upon t!lo-r w!;" 'I" li' ' ' ■ ' ' kn p it 11 . -.TV 1 ;i'i''. It pr. ii."lia. - ., ,i;r-, For all who are depending, it ' "fl tiK-ir r.1.-.ti..,i-'.ip to •.".!. upon .Ionic the " " " 111 .itii.r ,Ii--IM^ ..I I I i„.!m.'. .'1 - .1 in in. -p- iiiK iiu f.llttl ,,|,1..,-. .| |.. I: . I- til'- 1 . -1 .111 .i"i II i ■ .!. I 'l- anlv 1.. .!.,• ll.r.'. .1- V,. I'.'i ■-■ -I - tin- t . •■ t ! - 1 ■ ■1 •.•.inl ■ -III :1 . - .■ II ' .11 , 1'" 'Ut (■ 1 • 1 .ll 1 1 1 ' )'■ i .■ .iii.l , -. •: <: 1 , '. .Ill ' 1 ,1! !.M- liv ' ■ I'h- 1 ■• t-i,..^ n. .....!i ■ • .|. tti.r. .1 ... ,l„. 1 !. '"I ' W ■ ■! V".. - I'. .l< •. ^^,.,,1 ■■ !.,li, ^. ;lu- ■1. h ■ . t hi -ijti «tu.|, . f.i'th I t 1 ,ir. ■nil. II' 111' ■ '• ■'■ tit-.i.liiil «■ "t' ,,, „..rr.- "t l.c.i'i e'l' , iitrl- ■:L:!it if. ; faith, however, « not Ahe pnncple Ma;n„;:- po..:- ... of '240 GALATIANS. [Ch. ill n Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law. Iieing made a curse tor us: for it is written. Cursed w every one thjit h.-iiiRctli y way of failii; an.! tin law can do nothHiK but' involve us in the enrse 13, But CHRIST bought us out. as a imn r.-insoins a slave, from the curse of the law. yA^uVri ilu- i)nee, wliidi was .lealli. to the l,,w il~elt — the eoiilrast lie- Iwi.n the .ha.llv pouer of the law .md ,1„- re.hinnlue V"""- <'>' S'.'""'-' 'T', .,l,,kinu. 1 his ••Iniyiiii; ont was etTec te, by Ills becoming not s„ni.ly . I'" n'.re vividlv a curse (as if He einhodu.l n ef. the very similar use ot sni in r,.r \ _M 1 for us. Tlionyh the wnls me.in lilerallv "on onr Inhalt laih.r lli;in -in our stea.l." n ,s ,,l:,n. ih.ii a vicarious idea is iiu-l ..1; lle^ i.-k ni'oi, iliniself the curse uhuh o:i,L;;it t" lM\e f.illeii niH.n us for -mv i.nhire t.> kr>), ilie The |.l-..of thuil < h;-l -n I.;; er.-s u,,s :Hvnrse,l is au::.in .•hara.ien-f.a ly s,„mhl n, S.t'.l'inr.': aii.l e!'.., ra>- . i .s. u;.il > . t,,o' I > t V V I M th. ,ilM'I"aI!.m -1 the ,,,,..1, ,1 |. \l \e!\ .l!ll. r> Ml l:-ni il~ "rii;- ,,, ,1 i, , I For Scripture says. " Cursed is every one who hangs upon a tree" I'-i^' mh i!;i"n,ilK retrains from „,,,!, iii'v; t.. I'hriM Ih. w-r.!- of the oriK- -ein-..! In >'t- f-'' „ I, rih..l that Ihe Kely ot a tlKlle- laeior who. alter execiit loii, was hiin.U. as ,,,, .„l.lrion.il .hs.m.iee. iil"'ii a trie, f n-t !„ taken down before iiiKlit-lall lor the r, - .11 .-siKiieil. Here it .llipheil t.> ( ■ , i.t w ho 'lu cl l.y haiiMini: on a (" > I reasons ate as-i'jiied to; ll:.' ; I. r.deniplixe ,h,,lh of fhnsi; /r.^.^v. that „.,t oiilv iip-n !l;e Jrus, l,;:t upon the Gentiles might come the blessing ct Abraham (v.i ' ih^neli tlie r. .1. mi. .,, , ,.h,i.h-h. in Jesus Chri'^t; ■luiiy. that we Cb-i-IMii-. .1. u- a.pl CiuiK s ahk, . might receive the promise of (i .-. eon^isimc in I the spirit through faith. I'ailli - response to the erc.-s is folU'wed hy the gift of the spirit (cf. ver. u- hlessiii^; e. lines llirouKh /i"''' alone, and it is for n/i/e.v as well as I. us 1 hes,- two points Sinn up the argu- nieiit of Ihe paragraph, which is ctfeclively elosed ljy the wiird Imtii. I he Relation of the Law to the Promise tiii. i5--'9). (;i") The Law Xeither Annuls \'«r Suftl'- ments Ihe l'r,'mi.<>- (lu. is-iSi. Till- presioiis discussion had shown that the "hlessini; of .M.raliam " was to he conferred upon his true s,.,is, hut ih.sr were men of faith, not many whi>se n.^lit .■ousness wa- of the law. Ihe Miiesiioii iiiiuht then uill he .i-keil hy .i Jew — it is '.i-ke.! in \er. lo • -■• W ly.iU then, is the funel 'M of the la« "- " .\t any t ale, an- swer- l',.:il. its fiuulion i- ti.'l lo annul or .iipplmu lit i! e pioiiiis, ; that -l.mds. le. The ii,ten-ilv of the lerlr.ii,' with which I'aiil hill het;iiii his arv:uiiient with ,1,,. "I. '"I-h" ( i.ilaii.iiis. has now s,,mc- uliat .1 iiiinishe.l. He addresses tlu'in af- I, eti..nat. K .is brethren, .md i.r.k-ee.ls to illusir.ite the relation of the law '''c proiiiis. hy a human (iini/ '^.v. I speak ot the J/;7>l.-' promise, an.i ot its iiuhTihihty hv anv sulisiipieiit inculent or iiisiitnuoii siK-h as the law. after a human fashion. Note the echo of the wor.l iii i . ' the hc- Hinniui; .if ihe n. M scnieiiee ; 1 spi;ik in the iiiaiiiier of a iii.;"; though it he a hicIii i i,aHr,^v. In IKhreUs is l?-ir ihts woi.l iiie.ans "wdf or " t. i.iu v.t, i.i d 'lie refeleliee t.. Ihe |«/l.v,;.IH.V IN". IM shows that s.iiiietliinu "I that tiu.iiini^; ( liiius ahon! tlir u-r.l her. \v h..uev. r. II, ,. ■• ,U alh ..f th. I. -I r " . aniiot 1 m ,M-, -f...t h. r.-, tlie I. -i.ii.T h. ii:'j. ill the .'„,.,•■ t II mi -el I. It > U-'.u f to cue • , .... ,"7)^^; .'l.. |.,...-T Ill. i; ::.-' "hu.!! .!•.!.. .sit ion." If a MAN'S agreement has been ..-..p, ri\ ratified, notwithstanding 1,1,, I, ,;' a 'ir'in.iii ai; r.a'inen! . no one i annuls or supplements it: .iinl if a man's i iLMa enu nl hi in- i..lalile. how much more (.oils' .111 arniinunt all the m-.ro cogent, as 5(a«i)ftT) j., the word used in the Seplii- v:int for d.d's (gracious I covenant with I His people. l'aur> oppomnis did not of Ch. Ill] GALATIANS. 241 16 No" t.i Al.rah;ini and his seed were th protniscs nuuK. He saith not. And o scfils. as ..f "laiiN . 1»>1 as oiu-. And to tliv sii.l, which IS Cliri-l. th It was confirmed before ot God in Uir.sl. c law. Nvhich was fo„r hn.ulred and thirty vcar. alter, caiio-t .hvumnl that it .hoiild'ntako the l.ron.i^c ol 18 F.>r It tlic iiilurilancc /■.■ "t tin M- n.. n!..r>- -1 iu..nn~. ; hut Cod nave If „, Ahrahaiu hy pn.m.^o. It was add.d h.c:. . . 1 ...n.-KrisMons. l.U course suppose- ihul the I..W .mnull.a ihc pronu.c. l.U. oul. th.a .t suppU uku . a , ol.c.iienco in tlK- •• conipl.tf.l U e w rk r.al.atu.u ts.r ,0 . lU.t a properly rat tt.l a.rccnunt-cvcu ot man. ".tK-h uvZ ot (,..,l--tu-.ther need* nor lurunls ,6 r.. I'Tc applvinK his huui.m .itial..Ky to the ca-c i.i h.iud (ver. i;). I'ai. Ii:'>is aMdc tor a uionu-ut to 1'^"^- . "'at >he re.> | hoir of the ancient promise is CliriM. 11 i , 1 e Jews He .h-es this h> etiil.ha..i/iiiv; thf 1 %ular\.nu\ "seed.- Now to Abraham er.il tim.- I. " N i 7. > e'l \ were Sken "and to his SEED" . ' ./-.v !^ ,r vvu : the words are not; "and to iSEEDS." as of many, but as of one: "and to thy SEED." which is Christ, •rius aru.muul fails to carry couucli..,, to „„„1, ru rra.h 1. and s> . nis t.. -a\or ot KiM.Miual nutli..!s of murpretation (if. • ,r ,v 01. It 1- true th.it the word d" cui Ik UM.l of an individual; Init i„ tlu- tinu-h lU'.te numerous ca-es 111 "uu U It u~..lc..ll.ctively lor . lescendant^. „ „ Mu.as the siUKnlar word '-'like lu (,r.> . au.r llehrewl. never the plural. th.,i „ u- \ in tlie eld Testament. _ I In;^ t!i^ „„Vrence from the use e,f the singular n, the passage quoted, is in. levant siuK. miK'lt refer to an indn necessarilv. ami. m ifint sihlv. in the lei- s 1 1; session t' i>e»l, ai:'! li -cend.ini- |ia-sa«e h.is ihuie- 1" It. r. ll'.il e i'l it- ill ■ ! ./ ..I Can n,iiur;i'ily 1 (.iher w" the V Ihe n.il m1 tl:,- ;.in Kal.l.uii' :.ilin-^' hi~ no w . i~ - '7- ment i i ;uii ' This whi . al. I t U-t, IH't ]"■' ,1; it i- I ih.it i- |.r..m \laMhaiii'- di'^ ill, oiiL'tn.il rv iiie.itiiiiir whuli I'.i '.l r'( ri Ml. IV' t!ni;K h"" - ,, I'.,.,] a.h.pt- the wrd col'u.tn. Mii~e (v.T, hie ih.Ll. m 1 i- ^uui.lv ihi ir o\\ u ■A : •.■•',! i- ui It I .(1)1. .Uellt ' >.■ llMUl .ll-.l .,.1 i'\ till- 1 \ ■ r 17. is what I u;i! uii. parelllhetii: verse. (lod has ma.le it -the law which dates four hundred and thirty years after it CM UU .'■ ^) not invalidate, so as to do away with the promise It 1 -00.1.... aKreeine't ui.l-. how iiuuh uioie a J - i,u- aure.i.ul; the .h.ue ,u-..nn-e or ;.,t.„.„u c.uuwt he un.ih.l.t..! 1. the law uhich I. .n,t..l.,..d hv n... re turn four ..,,„„ne-. .\ee..r.hu« lo ih.e IMuew text I vmIu. Mi. 4... t!us ,Kr„.,l repreM-nts only .1,, ,„ne of l-r.el s ...,..urn m l-.«>pl. I" ,„ ,lu. (.r,,k aii.l h.unaritan versions, it UK-Iudes their sovnt.n "in the "» |, att.i.ni." and thus p.es luek to lI'V ";'<: \1„aham. Paul, as lr..|uently. loUowj ,!io (.re.k. The arKUment ,s ututTected I. the eh,-..n..!..^y, the ,..u,t t- .h.it he ,hu,u. ,,urp.-- r.v>,.le.l tu 'he pr..mise cannot he mv ali.late.l h> the h . d ^^Me.n uhich came t..„:^ .,/;.; a I'- l''' ■ .with the hest MSS . t., he oUlUled. Is e..rr>et .11 ui'. • l-ret.it 10,, ; the ,.n.iiii-e .,, Aiii.^i ui h.i.l I hri^l lu \f w i 18. il.e I •.!.., in^ IMity .-f U'-^^,]< to e..nihn,e ,...:in:-e a:M l.iw. - - ^I'M !l,.u t.. lla ,,r .n- e. 1: .1 v . .>upr. .uu-.e Is \ 1^]^ ,. , , ,^ , , ;i : : ^. - ,.• e u.iturally ! vTi i-r.v ' For if the mheiitance- the ■1,1, -Muu 01 Al v iI.eu - lyr. 1). spir- ,;,,1U ,„..v|„et.,l depends upo" ''»- ,^ , the law. it no longer depends upon the promise, whereas no less an one ■Vu, God 11:.-. If ti «•««« emphatic at ,„U nave It. to Abraham by way of PROMISE as a tree t x"*"' » and pernia- ,,„,.,. „.u-e. «.lt. It - a uitt ot Ills 11. .1 a lew.ir.l t..t ' . ■ ■ ■ - ' '•' iliO law. a 1:111 wh'.th . u ■ ■■' ,,,,,,,1 ,,,,ri I and 1- 1u:p! ^^lu.:l - ell.iui;i.ihle ti"d. \M,,,t..Aer, tbeiel..... 1!- l.'.^v ll'.'V e.aiui..t me. .11 th. .1'- >'• ■■'' ■ ' ' I |„ I I, ,11. .11 ot ill.. I.t'.lM j i,i,,u: relii.ii:;- 1' .dter.ihle, a- It enih..,|i. I pi ,se of God. I h.i; i:l.ieioii- , .,11 l,;^lMI^ uu- ,K,i„M pur , _ mean: an agree- h stands ratified (r>f. pt'' ,.M,re- 11- ,.ermanenc. I in advance by God the means the pn.mise to Ahr.iham) _n. t of curse ratified independently of the promise, hut by the mere fact that / .I. I ui. i'A---f. to The nalural imprest. .11 n a'le upon the mind by the sharp contrast between 242 GALATIAXS. [Ca. Ill the si'cil -.Iioilld ciiiiir III wliiim was iii;iik' : (;■;(/ ;Ih' prnniiso . i.i.i.i;iui| by till- ;iiis{L'l>i in tlie liatul <>l a iiu>liat Ii niliil till l.iu. lilivlllj.: no iiili wr.il tiart in llic - ti'M. till- iiii|)ri-.-i-i. >ii in Iv'iii.nis (cf. V. -■<>: vii. -lu'vv^ tlial this jilira-v is not that tho l.iw was ^ivi-n t" ri--1raiii it. Init to si Ii.i;Iit. til sliii'.v llu' nal li iiiiSi;''!' isi'iii . I '. .1- a r.y iii.iKiiii; -111 .ii'iK.ir niailr oCil'i' li\ -I'liii' i>l I'li'iinM-, i-t. \ir. -'-•) aiipi.-ir iiimi- iiiiinr.i- , lli.it w.-M •ii i.|i- |Hiiunts, III wlimii llu- lau it-ill wa^, on till- I'lio h.inil. a K'lfl of tioil's A,''(iC('; an until the seed tluit i-. Cluist (wr. loi should come to whom the ptomise has been made — v.iIkI nil tho coming of C"liri-t, ami, imw that lie h.is cm<'nt in I'.-inl's i-ritu-i-ni "I iIh' law i- til if it u.is ordained through an- gels and in the hand of a mediator, \i/. nitciiiliil to nil to Il!llll-ll -111, I'T low il 111 it- tiiu' natiifi.- Ill -in .i- inarli of tlu i.iw. Ilii.rr uriillr. It I ■nil- ollu r iiK an- i li> tliP ) aiipi .ir nil 'i i- li\r. Sii. li :iii i -iini.ilf ot tin- l.i« ■■ II wa- ii(/./, tlie lie-..:i;iiiiiii; of jllie lit xt vi-r-e (.Ml. exliil-it- the l.iw as • oiitrasled with (and app.iretitly — thongh. I .i- ver. Jl art;iu--. not re.dly — uppo-ed tn) till- prmni-i II sn-ins ,-ilti i-.;r;lirr pi > .lialile. liu rriore. ll ai tlii- cmiu-.i-t 1- e\|iri --ed in llie enigmatic \i-v-e we .ire ci m-ideriiii;. Hut we lia\c .-ilnady seni tli.it llie tlr-t 1 l.iii-e rrfi-r- in tin- i.iu : i- it tint ri.i-.'ii- ,iMe, tlun, to -iippii-r 111. It tlu- -eciilid il.iii-e - •• hill (;.ii! I- I.IU "— -1 f. r- tn tho |iriinii-i-. In tin eni'lext. tin- would not rnpiiie tn he liroiiyhl into connection, as i- nitiii done, uiili the famous wor ,:■.!>!>. n.MK-. -lumUl l>..n » „^,. • „r-„„;;:: ,i,a, .^u. ,.ro,n,-c by faui. ... nn^n r . ... I II. t,, a>n...iMl 1.. a ;::■!.. :nu iit ..t i : \Vr^.- M. -I'.'u- >!'■" '1'^" "' ,.;„„„: i. .!u- ^..I,Ml ,n,l ... n-t Vi' ilili.^ - nan-L;r. -~i.M!, N. t. a^ \cr. 1<> , ,,r...v.-.l>-.l. ;Ik- .1. -.111.11. .1. alii'..-! I1U..1U11J ' ,riU lu.anu- r.Ia'i..l> .U'l-r. ci;.t,.r> : it | , 1 ,:, 1 ,1././ i:.-n. ii"' I'.irl ol uUliilat.- alal ..ri'^nial ,..11 p. -o. It wa-^ r..,ary 11..1 ttcrii.il. it w.i.- Hi,- ;„.urK an.l a man. "'-t lltra^l ^^a- in" :^l::,lim-: is, then/the law OPPOSED to the promises (of Godi? Hut tin- Hv.t,...t. natural an.l l--..u-al as it niidu Vrt-Ill ri-l.ii.liau .l w:tli vclu-tnciu'.' , thousand times No i lu "'.'v '-T- of. ii. .;>. Tlu. tniun..ii^ ..1 la« an.l; ,r,,nii.c «.r.. .litt.T.ii., .-MTa- .iicn.rv. Willi th.. |.r..nii-. i- l. 1,U-. Imt II. .t uHi V" • -'^ '\ seen, it c I 1«- k.-,... t!ui, t..r. it l.r.y«>| „..t life eiir-e l^.r, l..i. hOT if a law hai b«".i given such as could create ; ,,„,„. . .,,1 t..ke.i.it.ni..rai.syntiial. ,.„,r,,,l 1. ,!i,„. as a matter of fact the law would i. v be the source of X \i srhrir ..II that righteousness xvlii'.h 1- tlie ..:i::.ranlee ,.f lite t ver. l O But li..u.\.r 1 i- nini.'iieitts niiijlit renanl tlu- 'l iw a~ a -..iircc of life, tture wa^ li-. lif,. in it f..r I'aiil. The Scripture tper- M.nilie.l. ef. ver. S I - vvli. tlu r ...nu- par- ticular seri,.t.ire. siicli Dent nxnu. -' ,,„„te.l in ver. w. -r le- pr-liaMv, th.. 01,1 Te-tani-iu Seni.im.- in U'wral t ^'t a o.lUvti.Mi ..f p.i-aue^ ni K..tn ni KV- l8) — shut up the whole .1 m nikr'.I. a- in a i-ri-.n. under tlie .l..nniii..ii ..t sm. ..y erealiiiK the cn-ei.. 11-11.-- ..t 1! a- ir.iii- Kre-i..n (ver. fH ; an.l t!..- .liMii- m'. in re.lii.-M,:. ,11.11 V- • ..' ""I"':;,' 1.1W. wa- that, on the basis 1 . t -1 dieiice t.- the law. «Iii.-li . 'li' i'.'; - -""^^ of faith in Jesus Christ. THE PROMISL might be given, n; 1 -. a "'^'.^^j l,nt a- a Ir- e i;ili. to men of FAITH (//, -,7,,. '.. /...-.-.-) I 111- p:irav;rapfi. like vv -11 -ir knidv . ,-.1- with an eniphaM- i herc t wice . eneau .1. -^t^-.u-,, r.Tr.. oe*.* ) vih.n ,.',ii7/i. 'rill- it i- «'ii>'li -.1- lh..-e wli.. liavi- Ix.ii Iniiii: t!i._ 1 r ..n li.ni-e ..I til.- I.iu. an.l l.iaii;- tin -i .'--t int.. llie r.'.-ili.-.iti'.ii "I t!'.' I'l'.!"!-. • ( I- 1 Th,- .V'.litu'r ,'i til. I I., ,11;./ S'-n.^irf In'.'U^h i.rili ) I'sus t /,-..-.(/ 1 1:1 J.l ."il Til.- l.,u r. .,.1. II'. .1 a i..i.i an.l .li.-.i- v l„ ri...| Ih Iu.-.-ii Al.i .iIi.i,-i. i" wli-'in 'Ii. |ir..liii>e u:\i-ii. .111. 1 ('liii->t. m ^^li.'in 11 liillilU.l ( !ir;-l ii lai- nun int." a new u..rl.l. ..ill .'I pri-..ii ml., tlie lih- ,rly >,l -..n-liip He iii.iiii:iiral.-- a new ,,a'. .lui.U- lii-l..r\ in tlie p.-rnxl --|,i |. in- t.iili: I in ilinU ha.l e. .me " (\er ■;, ,1,1.1 ■•.atl.r failll ha.l e.illie" (xer. jO. Ihe exiniiiK of CliriM ami. with llnii. <>t ilu- faith whieh \va> ilir.-ei.-"l t.> lliin, llKule .1 ilitTereiiee lli.it wa- ,1.. L than re\..hiti..nar>. n-.t <.nl\ t.. lli. iii.ls xi.lnal man ami hi- rel.i!i..ii P. (....1. Lui als,. til Mieiety; for in llim .iH n.ii 1. .'i-il ami el.i-^ .li-inu-tu .n- \am-h (v.-r. 23. Now before the coming of this faith ill I. -11- fhriM (v.-r J-M i i.inb in-t 111. ,ili..ne.l ; n..t f.mli m 'l 1 '"f At.rali.ini. \.r '■. an.l iii.iii> ..ih.!-. . ,lii.-. ti\ t !i, I- II. h.i.l tk.ai . -1-11 1. ,n i mil I, we I. w - were a.l iIm- 'mi'- , I kept under the mw:i1 ant Kuard of ithei law, uln.li pi.A.iiU'l ..11, .-i.ip.- .|„- U..1.! I'l. - .11" ""■ ill.- -K.i...' !i NX I- P' f ,i| K.im.i-.'ii- ' ■ |.r. -,< nl IViiil''- .-M-ap< . i'..r. M ' being .-..iimii,.i11> i |iri pte 1 shut up 1 -.1,11.- w-.r.l ,1- ill \er J-' 1 nti'ler the .l..niin,.ti..n .it I h.' law :e.i/.-'ii'(/ ih.-ni like fi\...>n,-ys. hiit. in tlu- .livilie ptir . nltini.ii.K with a view to the faith Ml le-iis Clir I which was ..n. '">'"' •niuti.nil our slave attendant ito bring ust to 244 GALATIAXS. [Ch. Ill 2f) I"or yi' arc all the children of Goo l)v I'aiili ill Christ Jc>ii-. .'7 i'i>r ;i-> tiKiiiy ni \im as Iiavc liccii liaiili/ 6i, and /,,/,.( 'i A. K. W I 1^ litilo. It ;ii hitu r III,' •• ii.-ilaK"i;iu- ■■ \va-. ityiiic ■li>Kii-.illy, tlio sla\i- \\\<" UH^k \\w \><>\ to -i-liiKil and hron^ilu li"inc a^;aMi ; anil tliis lias riNi- 111 till- inh rpn talinn tliat, tlir n'K.ir.liil a- linnKini,' nu-n t" il ( lin-t. Hut C ln\--t i> not 111 a-- a ti-ailur i („,i|. iii.iiun anil fru-. Ilif explaiiatum Ml iIh- ll.um'<> 1^ rallKT to lie soiisht in tlif lait that till' /'(r(/(i^'<'i,'ia who took ilu Ik.v ti. school, hail a ccrt.-'in sniu-r- \i Ml of his fomiiut. of his .■.v/r'i/n/ ■li'-- i iiiliiif. " accomiianyinn him fvi. r\ whi re with lotntnam!^ ami prohihitioiis. anil krc])- iiiH lilni in a condition of diin'iidi'iici' and nstraint." In the contcM. the law is not an inner iinparaiion |. r thr a pri-on, antl can at Ih^i only cnate a loiii^iii;-; for escape, a^ the hov niiylit loiii; lor lii^ inatiirer years, \\lun he would e'-cape from the yoke of In-^ ■ , -J,. In thi> -iii-e tlie .h>ciplir,e law lioint-- to Christ, a- that oi 'hi' .L:ne ]<• 'inl > to lati r \ > .11 > oi 1 r- e ll is not In aiuihaii^ thai the law conceueil as -o-p, 1 ; il pail . ' 1 ■ ; pi.l.,: can 110 hv till I'l lit urn -hill i- -piritn.d, Aliraliani 26, 27 Jew^ or chiUlrOii, law. hilt l l line oiiferrod and nut upon upon the natural stcd the of For you (ialatians, whether (i. utile-, are ALL — no longer under the " prilauoKy " of tl.al n'.i.n are iii-iitiei|. hr.i oiil> • I and iailh ill linn. So. alter ,.|' ■• ;n dai;oL'ii-al " di-i iphii. , -t lii- ^- ai " I IV. 41, that we might be justitied on the basis of FAITH. And now that faith {Ilu- faith ni Clin-!. \.r. -'.! 1 has come, we are no lonscr ;'l-.e ho>- under tluir slave-at- tendant, hut we are tree and full sons. 1 liese two ver-e- are really a pieee of aiitohioi;rat)liy. I'anl knew, as on!y a ni.m of p.issioiiate >inei rily and fer\ent desire for (iod and uoodiie-- could kimw, the honilav;e of the IcKal -.v-leni in winch he had heeii tr.iiiied. and which he had vainU tried to keep: ami ii 1- thi- seii-r -lull a -en-i' hi- profe--ion the SONS OF GOD, havinn be- through faith in Christ Jesua. It is very ditlicult to decide whether "in Christ Jesus" goes with "faith" ( .\. V. ), or with "ye are sons of dod " t.\. K. V. ) ; the latter wndd mean "In fellowship, union with Christ, who is the Son (if (Iod (IV 41, voii ,in- al-o s.'iis of (nu/, thii'U^h I'.ulli." I'aith hit- all. wniiont ex- ception, into the wiiiiilert-.il hln rty of S''iisli![' ■' w hy then w ill the < i.il.iii.iii- il" liack ;ii;ain to tln' pri-oii' 1 iiey are -on-; for in the h,it'/isiii. wliuli -ii;nali/ed ' call d tlii ir ailiiii--ioii ir.!" the (, liri-- coiiimiiiiily, they wi re iii> -1 1 I,., or. more i;rap!iK-aIly. r'j,- S' 'II. I \ivy 1 iL;annrnt si 1 lliat in iw w e.ir 1 " I re I1- — tl-.ii ol .mil 11.111 i-t. rio,;-lv im esltil h.id put the ;ip tiod is oil. For of honii,i"e th.it Hi\> el.id e\hil.iration to ll.rrty: "We are no longer iiiuler a p,i i|,il;ov;ii-. ' 1 he ri'-ir:iint ol liie pul.i -ouiu. tin- de-pair ot ihe pri-mt. 'lad heeii l.i!!i-lieil forever hy that tailh n .h-'i- Cliii-t. which li.iil iiiailr Inin a S"i: 1'/ (o'l/. and not only hitn. hut all the ("lalaliaii- who bdicvc in Oirist Jesus ; for this son- linn on. a- a pe;,r,iiu'e lluy li.r -ante ;i- 1 all of you who Christ — thi> wa- lorniula. cf. Uoiu. n.iiiie of Chri-t " ( tile ii iiiic of Jesus -put on Christ: note the emphatic repe- tition of Clnist. 28, 29. This snnshin to Cmd in Christ ere.ites ;ui e--iir.i.d ii|i'.ihly aiiioiiy a\\ who share it. Il.c\ine imt on L l:ri-l. ili-- tinctions of iialioiialit.\ . pe.ir: or at lea-l, ;ire as 'lluy may form part coii-tnntion of hiiniaii - L hi isliiiii nu n. till ~e '1 count : lor lU ~i '.' There is neither Jew di--iiii-tion upon wliicli 1' iii-i-!ed, in their attriinc- oli-t!e's fanatical I'harisee. he W I II A- t!'i- were baptized unto tl'.e oldest baptismal vi. : or " unto the .Nets' xix. ?■) ; or " in Christ" (Act- ii. ,^!*i cla--. -< \. a ■^'1:1„'"\' " and ^r^u-\^■ru^ s,.,uty, For YOU ul". lri\c' put t ln:~t are all. wlulher Jew or (.reek, "r H-.. m.in ■•r wmaii. one person i'". iii.i~>-.. n-t .iinpl> an abstract iinitv ) in Christ Jesus. N -ur unitv in llini; in llun all tlu- arniieial ,li-tmon..n. iKtnein the iii.liM.lnal- ot wh-xh 111.' nnitv 1- o.nipu-.,.! are alx ih -Ik .1, M. tliat m linn lluy constitute one per- son. And if ycu are Christ s. i..;. U- l,,ii.' I., l iiii-t - I'Ut tii.re 1- truth in the r.inarU nt l.iKl>tl"Ot that •■the arwrnunt turn- c,ii the entire i,l>i'tit\ xljhv ^li"" tian broiiurhood with t-luiM. aii.l tiial we should tlieref.Te p.-rlnp- tr.ni-lat.-. •• If von arc mnnhos • i ( ^-i-i then you are Abraham's seed, i r tin--, as wc saw. is Abraliam - serd i ^ . r i' ' : ami if Abraham's >e.d. then In- hens, indeed bv law, bnt. llitiinlel\ 1k !1. r. by promise.' Wlutlur Jeu- n-1. M 1 were Christ--, tluy urve ndl h.n'- t.. tlu- pnmiises, and lunr. 'lie •■l..lly .v.r. !• of .illrniplinu .r..'An :iiid '.-nipl.e ,,,.r. tl,. ,r -;dM.:ion_ l.> !,.K nu ni-n tlu ni-.K> - the yoke .. I ilu; Uw. 1 u y are ii" longer inider Its " jH-dagogy. tlu y are luirs. -inl l.irlli 111- -on " . 1 l„-n."l "i II- inl;nu> pi-rii'd ot -nbj>it:'>n \' Cit-nlile. >nb| H ill III it. irc tli.il «a- the - lor the .b v\ a tin l.iw. I'T the t.i i.lMl.itrv. t'lir l,,,tli in -'inr -n-e. <>t I Mid.iiie to the i-leiiu nls of the UMrM I limntfh the com- ing c.| the Soil. — n-lnp i. a iii.ni become* .1 p.,--ihilit\ ; an.l tli.-e who. by laith ill ;,iid iiu-iu- union with the Son. ihemselve* hi-,-,,iiu -"11-. enter forthwith mion their -pirmiil niherilance. iiiii-. though the liyiire is dittereiil. llie general view of In-*- i,.rv which it viebls i- the satn.- as wa* xieided by the figure of the law as a jwd- I, a. Now what I woul.l say i- th--. that as long as an ■ ■ ^ I'' '. ^^Jl is a minor iht. mMn/), he differs m no respect from a slave — at any r.ite m n-spect "I ri-spoii-'.!'ili \ I rty though I If ] IT' |u r'l 1 \ i l_\ . i;.ls lu i ll k' i ld\ l.ltlitT I- to In 1' but It i- "t iiunt. whuli •- - l-,l.ll..ll .'.llt'lVl'' t. But he t r \. rt he is, , . lord ■ t' w ' of .a ., ■ rtai 1" .', ! o n prop , ;hi r . --. nliallv all. 1 h.' point ,1 uh>^Ii. r the - 1\ 111-.^ ■ ir di ad. ,, I., llu ar.uu r I. .1 with the 1 ih.i pcriinl of uliich snc- The ruhu'Ss of the Tiiiu (iv. ;i jjuv is under men who have , , charge of his person and property, uritil the day set by the father, i'ml lias pro' li'v 111 \i(\v s"in» I'nal ><\ provmeial „-;,«,■, i.v which the .late <.l .•iil.rin« uicn .111 iiiluTitaiue dep.il.le.l iL't ni-oll the v..iith"s attaining a particular .age, but upon the will of his lather. 3 So we also. I. us and (i. ntib - alike, have had a -iiml.M- i>.ti. .1 ..I nil.nuy and "bon.laue. ' When we were minors, we were under the elements of the The u.'rd /'. I iust us..! (111. .x)> gives a ,„ w turn to the figure. .\n heir has „oi \\w I'nii pnvil.i;e- of s.Ml-hip. until h<- ha- alt..nied In- nia.u.rity. ..r ni.ire stn.'t.). until he ha.; re:.ched the tiiiu; .app.-nit. .1 l,v his latlKr: till then he an.l hi- pro).- ^rtv :ire un.b r .-oiitrol. an.l. in tins re-p.. t ..J position is no better tli.ni ibat of a slave. And. as with the in.l, vidiial. so with humanity at large. It t...| has its minority, and its tune api.ointe.l by the Father for entering np..ii 'he iKritancc. That hour struck when Ood , .It .ill t! 11 t' world enslaved. the l.oii.la«e i- 1' i-c.'pe of the ari;nnu Ipari-oii in in -\ • < bii' 1'- p.ifii;' iiiiM.M til.' iih.inniu' .'1 t::, : . It. • .leterniin.'. ! 'k' Ini' w- " Ciiii ni''^ni .iii.i I .iiiu ' ■iyy . h ii!.ir\ i-nn. i; i. -. . knowle.lue. lint it t!ii- , . . -- hen It .htlicnlt to assign a -nitat>le inieaiiing lo the w.rd wotld To render It Ml 'he i;i thi- <'oin to ,1 p.vila- iiii'nn- ihp.niU ■ |,hr,i-e .•/.•- t!u- ! r. .1 .t 1. \,rv hartl 11 1. re. 1 " ele the alphabet. r!-..- --i-tlsf of .1 branch 'if the meaning 246 OALATIAXS. [Cii. IV "1 4 I'.iit uluii tlic fiiliu— . of thf mm- \v:i-^ conu-, (iiiil ^iin I'Tlli Ins Si'ii, iiiiulc of ;i W'liiaii. tnrnk' hikKt the law. I 5 '1.1 rnUciii iluin tli.il vi-rc ni'.lrr llie I l;iw. that \\r iniglit rc'-i.i\c llu- .iil.'iiin.ii nf I sons. " lu liiiiKiiii; In llif iiii^iurinial iiiittr world."' ami n liT iln -f " 1 1, iiuiitary If^solis of iiiitwar.l lliiiiu^ " to till- iiiacttiuiits of tlu' law (if. Mr. lo) not xiin M-ry con vinoiii^', though th.i- \i< « ritcivis a ("it tain corrolioralion throni^h the association ««f ■■ lllc iKiiuiits ol thi world" in Col. ii. S. _>(>--'.■ witlt th.i- •• liMihiioiK coniinainl nicnis anil li ^uhint;-. I'l un-n." i he ti K'' si.ii iniK iM'in! lor the ilisi n--ioii i- vi r. iialnva! lo s'iii]io>c ih.it thi- " i K-nic nl- ilh ir ;irr ihi- saiiu- a^ llio-r of lhi~ Mi-r, Juilaisni a< iiaiiiiy. into • 'f llu- lull tiK'.iniiiK. i' iru Ini- ail a ilinrl jiroparation for C'hri^ ■; Inn ih.ii ■ r III.' J. Ill oi Christ ni'l 1 hi t r. In' 1 .| M\ nil hail I'l' II ■ \ 1. I ! I ~ ■ l\ III' III llu ir ■I' .til. \l. thiv -.,1111 t" :imU which llu < lal.i iiuiilioiiril in !lu' In thai I'.isi', ,!,iiiriils liui.iil). as ihi' v;ri'at clc- \, hii-h ihr u. rill is loiii- I ■ill n thoM the luaviiilv liodios — a iiu.itniii; whioh tlu' ui> 111- 11 1- narrow 1>. lurhai ui ri |,..s,.,l h.is, tlr tllllllllls \try iri(|iuiit ohuiM of worship in tlu- l-",asl ; ami llun- may he a hint of thi< in the oliscrvancc of ihi- seasons (referrid to in \er. itii which was ihumiiiuil }<\ those, liodiis. Dent. iv. Ii> rijUi siiii, ilu- curious hi lief that the Coil of Ur.u I h.ul actually assii;mil the hiaveiilv hoilies lo llu- h'e.ilhen nations li uor-hii). 'Ilu- yu.it (iitVicnhy on this view is to sie the rele\aiiie ot llu Jiassa-^e lo llu- J'W~: •"' when he -.is- " te.' were insla\ e.l," cm h if tlu- fell I I nee is not ( seln-iMly to the leu-, .1- some si!|,],ose. llu\ inii-t least i„- iik-nuhi! i',rli.i|is llu- most iiLin-ihU- ;. is ih.il tlu- ohsir\.Mu-r inil s,;|.„,ns, wliieh was a ! i;ri ot J iiil.ii-m i \ er. lo » '1! l!ie s.nne le\el as st.-ir ; or. in oili.r words, w.i- eleinellls of the world. " In anv case. I'anl's Jiila\ery, and thoM who liveil nmler it. to sI.ims. The Jeus jirided tht-iiisehe- on liein« sons. I'aiil i-\|il.ni.it u 'i; ol Ol s:i, i , ,1 (la>s I li.ir.u l 1 1 1 -I u- U . w-is |iraelu' ill\ w orship ( \ I r ij " lionilage lo ili e.-m le no lull - "u - iiii ' ihe , •!:,- |-a:her. fulness of the I I., ,1,.. .irKUinent is tli.il there sonship until tlii' S' worhl, or r.ilher is s, ; 4, 5. But when the time came, ;■ l-aiher ( ver. God sent forth mit of the hc'ivenly world in which He had heeii liMiiK lor the pre-e\ist(-iiee ol Chrisi is here iiiiiihrd ( ef J Cor \ iii n 1 His Son. Il Is lemplini,' to read modern idea- of rclijiiuus evolution, or at least of III,' lullh harilly Paul's the tiiiii- preenl- w.is tilli-il np hy .is we h.-ive seen, till- eh.iraeter of he day .-ippointed s, I'.lin-,; oi His h.ul fully JO) and ihe .\s .-i i ,r(-ek n.iliire, ha\ f wielM'dm-ss^ ;iml Clirjsosiiiin. ready to pirish, history, view an jet insfurfd hy a dnine s.ivinii piir)iosi- for tiu-n the law, whose liinetion was to im)>art lo sni tl ,-i11s--;ressii 1 ni, |i) 1 , I he !iy llii- l-"a'lur i.-r the -ii .^011 u.is llu- il.iy wlu-ii tlu done 11- Work 111, ki'in, \. m-i d ol s.iK ,111. ill was s, r<-s|. f illii r s.i\ s. •- \\ lu 11 hnni.iii niu' run thioiiuh e\ir\ Kind 1 \\ .is in neril of hi-aliiiL; " " \\ hen men w ere most ihen they were saved." Ihu- iliouijli not from this point "f iMiIution, was imriiose. 'I'h.-it 11 t!iroiu;h One who i.il oi lirananity. in nu n ( J"h .\iv. I ) is 11,1 releri-nee here 11 Is Chri-l'- lil:rnrss is -l!L:'.;r-'ri| h.\' tlu- like ,ill ji w -. under I il 1- eouMiiunt to n-o,<< I'oi' I V l':-rn. I! Ii.lil to he wroiiL;hl o shared the Coiinn. n Im-iiii; born, lil-e .ill of a woman — tlur, to the \ irv' 111 hir; h ; lo oilu r ini II tii It phra-i and born, (the) law. IIioumI ira^i late llu- \\oi-,l ri-aii'. rallu 1- iiu .m- "li.uiiiy '•, t ,')iu\" .-ind poinis M ry tir.ipliu-.dly (iioic ihi- repi li lion I to llu- tratisnion Iroin llis liea\eidy to Ills i-arthly exi-liiiee. lie c r/(ii,' /);/.' ihe e\pi-ririief ot hiim.in fr.-iilly .-nid iji'Ai-li) snhordin.itioii to ordinanees; and ihe di\iiie re.-ison ( iVa ) thai pioiiipled llis eoniiiiis'. or rather th;it pronipteil (iud in sending; llini, was to secure the re- demption of those who were snliject to this frailty .-.nd snhordination — to />i(y .'«/ from the dominion of the law those who were under ii. and to confer sciishif upon those who h.id ln-i-ii hut as slaves 1.1 re; that he might buy out, as lie .iul hy 111- dia'h on the cross, in virtue of whu'h IK- h. I inie a curse . Ji\\-i who were under the law, that i -nhordiiiaie to the hi-t iLi'i-e. tioi coordinate: the '"huvinia; out fioni llu e-n-i-" ni rr--ar-l\ ]irrei-ih - \]\.- ^ift 111 >.,i>.!M.it we. |.u- ;n!il (iinlilis alike, might receive the adoption, ; .-. he aeeepled .is llis suns, lie i- //,-,- .Son. we .in- ill/. '/'/ii/. hill hy ailoplioii we too |1m i-..nu- f' .il -oil- 1 \ v. (1. 'I llu- t\M) elanses lu-ginnmi; with tlhit ( o'o I corre- jImmkI to tlie two phrases IwRinninR with la. IVJ (5ALAT1AXS. 247 6 And lH.can>i' s. nn' -"tis. (iuil li.illi sent forth tlu- Spun . i ln~ Son into your iicarts, cryiiiK. Alil .i. I .i;li< r 7 WliiTclMrc ill' 'I ai ■ SI" ^ ' M.iit, I'ltt ;i ; ■'U'\ if a '1" " .S 1 low licit tlu 11. wlu ii Ml' II. .t („.il. >i' iliil Miw.c unto tli.iii wliiili liy iialurf .III' no i;"'!- ,j lliit iiou. .ilur ih.it \i- li.ui' Known (,.,| or r;itlHr ar.' kii'-wn i»l € I'o/ifroi' ) — in invi-rtiil onK r. lo llinisi-If l)«oiiiiiiK a >oii ot mall, IK' niaki- it i)o>-il>lc f'T nun to luoiiu' ■-on- ..t (;.h1: l.v Himself Ik-iiu; uiu'.. r tl.. l '"- Ul 1)11V ■'111 lll'-i- 1> II Ik- is al.l unilir it. 6. 'lliat tins snu-lin. a fact, is i>ro\c(l ! > ili< hearts of the si>iiil. wUku to crv I'li'lu r! (cl Koiu \ri i> ihi- spin' of -ou-lup, ii.i\ It thr .S.'ii 1 luu-cli 1 Sou iulo !m-'"!a 1i.i~ 1 u !i. ai r llui'vy, lint ni tluir Ulll'.U tl'rui 1.11 llr- , ,l,>lMl>h .'f the r II ~ Cl lUiili rparl are no longer a slave, ihoimli m \our M.nuc ..| It'. |. vM-ii ..il.n.l.ii ivcr. loi \o;i arc 111 h.iMiiK l;iM- •' » . but >oii a son; and if a son, I'un also an heir, r.-t thi..Mv;h h:i-h oi ii.lchi\ to the 1 ' 1,,M,,", j. « - 1U.1> I.IIU V, llll! through God, who in His iiu ivy. •hroiigh ( hriM. a ■lun- of (,o.l ihmuKh Christ," nm rist upon U.uii. viii. spirit of thai Son into 1 ; the \cry same wonN •crilie hotli - ■ (o'l' of the Son cannot the (lespitih 111 ill the iii'ln I'hial lu .i ;n-e u-eil to 'Iv h'l lli. I lie -V'nl - , .1 < „ „„„ ,i„ lu.irts ol men. imlil the Nm ll„,„,.li has come. And because you (.a- latiaiis (in ver. 5. t''''- l"-' '"^ """'* ..ersonall are 8on«-their eiacnlatorv crv ,f ratlur is at once the etTect a'ul the proof of their soiiship-God sent forth the spirit of His son into our i n i ul. your: Paul knows w.^l tin- ' " mTience. hearts, which tries Abba, Father. It i^ the sfinl that cno tlir,.y.^ii them; in Kom. vm. i?, ■• :c.- ers i nc word rrv recalls the ecst.itic spiritual ex p.riciicc: alln.K.l to in i / "r. m^- •' ' w ,s !• Mis- ,,uu wonl I Mark m\. ,Vi' ; U h. i.l iiicu t.iuuhar lo Ar.aiu.iic ( hr.Mi.ni-. an.l h.il pass,,l ip.iu tin in M Li..!- ^p. i, ,^; ri,nsi,,uis I he s,,„s wlio ii- il ihi- wor.l u.inM led lluin-cKes peculiarly one uiili //i ■ ^iiu "h,. 1m. 1 i..u:.;ht them to use 1- ■,\,,ul.l In- natural for tliem to a-l.l p. II their own native Creek word, lu-t as wc iniwlit s.iy. •■ Ahha. lullln-r. 1 his l,K.,„l,ui; .It (.re.k and Aramaic, in a c.iii- IcM uhich has heen ar«mn>; t..r the ali.ih n,,ii of the distinction between lew ami (ireek ( lii. JX), is suKKestive. tliouv-h ..t c.uirse this is not the n-asoH for the juMa- l„,sui.,n of the words. 7 I'aul cannot ti'o otteii impress upon his *•• foohsh ■' t.alal.ads that iluy are s.^lls. -,-t ... I ......... ,J - U'.df. in. r came — no heiier th.iu si.iws, hut n.'w thcv are sons Consequently i ,■ smc; God has sem His >,„, an.l the spirit ot His s.iii, you. <» man the imw .lirctlv addrvs&cs the individual man, ct. ver. oi Tlh- Cnin, I 1 \ 1 1 I ,! ,nun.it. il II .iiMi /i-';> - ,ii s,iii-lup h,- nothin« uiiihnii; more 1\ h.ick 11 1 'in I is jn-t vyhift ih.ii auMoits i 111, Jewish It a way of (he w.irk he- it is not the 1 ot it They thiA c.in- tlu ihi II • w. ak and rite .md ill The wli'ili- .aicnin. !!• li.is h. ' hv ihe coulrasl l.i iweeu liu n ihe thru .'I sl,i\.r\. the u : and fr.'.!"iii. I lu re cuM 111' ire t"i 'hsh i ni 1. ,\K u tr.i'^ic. ih.tn I'l •.;■' d. lih. r.ilr' lihi rty t'l Imti.l.iK''. ^ i^ ' the dal. 111. Ills ,11.' .I'lMU lu jr. card for tlu- l.sii.ils ,.i I ,-,il, iMl.ir. 'ie\ im-hi cili I pi 1 iivM'.'.ii. coiniil. '.U'li "I ..,,11 nil. ,\< . hut 111 I'aii! , , "lupii tu '11. hut tlu- nei;ati'i; niiist either be slaves or soils, > n,,t he both. If they are sons. ! must be dead ( ii. I<»> to tlio-c " j l„i\erly stricken elenu nti'" of i ei Ti ill' 'iiy. 8, 9. 'i he cimtra-t h-:u.. u and the pr<-seiit is f.'rcilily hn hv A"'' . . • But, s.ius .111.1 lulls aVr. h"w' .I'-e- II '-"Ui-' - Then indeed in your ignorance of God you were enslaved to gods which by their nature are no .godsi 1 h. v jwere not ni.U.il hut troui 1 t or iviii. 4f, \. IV. -o it may h. mf< rr.-d that 'tl'iv ni.'iv he C'.u-i.l.i.-.l .1- haxiim s,,me ' K,nd of 'icl .MsMic- 11. r, t!u> api-ear in he i.l.niic.l uilh ih.- .hnuiit- (ver. .»; see on \.T. ,V -'uU ~->r\tr.- w.i- p;i ,hi-tic. hut it was cx.us.ihl., h.-canse ren^ l,!,r,il m i,/;,'oiH.,- ..I tlu triu' tf«Hl. But now tlu-v /,iui.> l.i-ller; th.-> ii.i^e ColUe t.. know (i.'-.l m Christ; or more strictly — iii.l this C'.rre. 'ion reveals the deep> of I'.o.ls reliKi.iUs nature -it n-t ^> iiukIi that they know (■.»! as that lie baa Jit p.i-t out Voll 248 OALATIANS. [Ch. IV 10 Ye observe days, and month*, and times, and years. . , . 11 I am afraid of yoii. Ust 1 have be- stowed iipon you labour in vain. 1.2 Brethren, I beseech you, be as 1 um; for I am as ye an-: ye have not in- juri'i.iiion which was in tnv lU'^h ye liopi-id n.'t, iior n jiclid ; Imt rwiveil vw as an angfl ot (mil, .i.m as Christ Jesus. tluin (I (or. 1. 51. Sibil- ll"W ' lia\ r I'l'i n I 1 111 10, II. I 111 is vi'iv ^iii;ui-' t.ikiii kiiowIidKi- of thcni. they are known oi Ihm (I I. I Cor. viii. 3^: their reliRMUs M.indiiiK i> a Kilt (cf. iii. 18). not an aolnevi ini nt. The whole of the epistle to the Galatiaiis niinlit he saiti to l>e compri-ssed into this little i-ornctivo plira-.— cr ralher known by 1 1 hit. Hew is it that, having come to know God, or rather to be known by God, you are turning — the process is RoiiiK on ' "<'' ytf conti)lite — back again to the impo- tent and poverty-stricken elements n t. vir. i) to which you are again desirous of enslaving yourselves afresh? II -i- "elfiniMils" wire :mt"t ilhii tioii. UK r> .-iti.u-lu.l !•> llir..U'.^li in Chn-t I .\\ is siicli a fi l.i|>-c pob- ,.,,lish must the Galatians i!r-i-n|ition ni ilu- nlap^o siivi Villi are anxiously observing tuuli ilu' same i-ariU'-tiuss ,-is til, It Willi whii-Ii ilii' iiu-niii-s of Jcsu.-. h- -rrvid llmi. I.hIm- xiv. i; same word) spi.iial sacrid days, such as the Sabhath. and months, the festival of the lu-w moon, and c.tlur fcsir al seasons gtmrally, and years, ni-w year's >) pr.iitiially a uor-liip of f:il-e K'"'^ ' ' ' '""^ vsas tlie el. inent ill Jiul.ii>in which a|>- proache.l iii.-l cIomIv "io the he.itlun wor- ship winch lliev hail nontinaliy ahamloneil, aii.l wi!ii ihi- tile tlnn eml of the Jndai/iiiK weilce w.Mil.l he ilriveii in: circiinicision. !,.. i!!.!!! h;i\ c 1".'en. •ind how complete emancipation, who could ihns speak of svMein 111 which he had been trained, and rcKanl its sacred observances as prac- tical paganism. No wonder that he is afraid, as he looks at the relapse, at the skill and vijior with which it is promoted and encouraged by the Judaizers, at the his till cognate elements in the heathen relipion to which they can make their subtle appe.il. and at the ease with which the "foolish" (iaiatians "so ipncklv chaiiRe " ( i. (>). I am afraid for you, lest perhaps all my labor upon you has been in vain. .In Affectionale Atpeal (iv. 12-20). At this point the aruutreiit t.ikes the form of ;i m r> lium.in appe.d r.ml's ar- viuneiits are n." i r purely ahstr.ict, they ulo\\ with the I'Uetisitj of liis own re- Imion- n.itur. ; nid his arnuiiient in this r|iisiK- is radi.ni! \eitli the fervor of his eni.inciii.ition from I'le law, and of his sense of redemption and sonship throush Christ. But lure he interrupts it with a peculiarlv w.irm and personal messafjc. In Paul the pastor and the missionary ■ire never lost in the tin oloniaii. and ii> re he .seeks to apjieal to the better heart of tile Galatians by recalling tender mem- ories of the affection and even reverence they ha h.id presented their c.ise with such assiduity and plausihihty that the (iai.itians had al- most coiiu' to look upon I'aul as tlu-ii enemv : .-ind his s|iiriiu;il tra\ail for theni h.as to he lK«un a,t;am. If only he were jwitli till ill f.H-e to face, to speak OUt the I .•itTection.ite aiixietv of his heart! I 12. Become like me, free from the Yoke of Jewish ohservancc — in the con- tcM that seems to he the only possible nil allium: — for I, a Jew, in ridding myself of that voke (became) like you, who are (ientiles; and the affectionate earnestness of the appeal is clenched by the words, brethren. I beseech you. 13, 14. The circiini-i inces of raid s first visit, which he jirocuds to recall with sonic detail, were such that the (ialatians minlit easily have been teil to do hiiii Kss than instice: hut you did me no injus- tice—far from that, they Ka\e him a nnal welcome You know that it was oii account of an illness (lit \v<;.ikness of the rtesb) which detained nie in Ga- latia. that I preached to you the firrt Ch. IV] GALATIAXS. 249 Wlu-re » then the blessedness ye i out your own eu s. an,l have given th. m to spake of:- lor I bear you record, that . , ,,„.ri.,,,r, l.c.mu- y-ur etumy had been pos.iLlc. ye would have P<««=^«'' U^^^„,^'^T tell v'^^^ u nh pake time — /.-, on till- m-oa-ii«n of my fir'-t vivit. Not ' I l-natlied f/ir.iMx'i tm «"« sfusi- of III I ititinuiiv." ef. I Cor. ii. but "on acic.init of." »'» with acciis. ; but for tlu- duiiK' aicideiil of Uls lUtiess. he would nia.le no lengthened slay ni (,.dalia at all. Hut though a nnsMonary tour tliroimh (.alalia was no part -t Iji-* plan, and tlinuRh he was handieaiipe.! I'v an infirmity which ti>ok an olY.iwivc torni If though there was nineh to r.ixl. an.l little to altr.icl th.> (ialatiatis to I'.iul. Ilu v iK-havcd noMy l.oiti tou,,rds tlir nun ana his niessaue. And that m my flesh which tempted you (v-io- i.ini>i;i;ion ; not. with -1 l.'.v MSS, mvi t" r.-jjA-t nir Willi .li>i;nM. you did not despise or treat with loatbliiR. On the contrary you welcomed me like an angel of God wli- br--,i.- K 1 ;id:nc^; ''^'V ^ ' ^U'it conu-d i-u- Willi r. v. r. iu<>, like <-nnst Jesus l!iin-ilf, n!io i^ Iniiliir than the ancels (!!■'•. i. -l'- We are left to eon- i.ctnre w^at wa- the inf.rnnly r.l the flesh whuh niiulit not tnireasonahly liavv: created loathuiK on the l)art of those who \viini".d it; but it seems natural to idiiuifv it with the thorn of 2 (.or. xn. 7 luhieh see). Some have ini.rnd from vor 15 that it was atTeoiion of the eyes; but that would liar'd hUi.iil>: t:,,-. of -oiirse inmht he I'lily .■leoideiilal. •is ••Mur eonipounds ran he n-ed ti)^nr.i- tivelv In ia\or of the lijiurative mean- inn ' is I'aid s known hatnt nt re- peitini; the prepo-nion in adjacent yoni- p,.;;,„l woriN; >i ii. 4, iraptu — , 11. I.?, ry uraNe dis.d.dilv. n. i won for himself .md the «o,|,el a p- o|-u^ on wh.isi- .ittenllou .nid v;i.itiinde h,- I1...I „o peculiar cl.inu- Hie ti.datiaii reeep ,„,n of I'aul s|„,.ks nruh lor hl» IX'Wer and for their . n h, ,,i •. dues-, ,5 i;,,! ill,.-, .I.u- ..le gone. Wnert now is your exuberant joy ni me ami mv messa^. I n • Where is your felicl- 1,111011. congr.iiul.ition tic <•! -.l\e-i^ Then Iluv OMUiteil themselves halipv to h;i\e hun among thetn. Fuppo-, - 11 to li.ive been an affection ol th'- lurs.- ,,re..m- n.nii.d bv attack- of -|.,i-in-. >et .pi'-tcs Kre.ikel as reniarkini.' tli.it tin- , 1- :i-e i- • -socnted with .an niuaniiy rolling ami sparkhnir of the .ac- In corroboration .-f the view that r.i'd s siwlit w.is ba.l h.ivc !„.,.„ ur.4ed the Iari;etu>- ot his wriltcU charac-ers ( \ i ill and his m.al.llity to recoeni/e the hiuli pne-t at his trial ( .Vts sMi, r.nt it may he doubted whether anv inference with regard to I'anl - slight m.iv legitimately hi'_ «lrawn ifr.w the pass.iue before us. He dm-s not sav, -vou would have given your oun eves' (for i'M""- is not emphatic), mit simply "your eyes" It seems therefore more natiiral to interpret the phrase m its common proverbial sense, as an exiires- sion for the extreme limit of self-sacri- tking devotion. , , 1 ;„ 16. So then, to iMd..;e h> the dunv;. m v.n.r fe.-linv- t,,u,.rd- me. I have beco.ne your enemy. h.i\' I siinpl> because I told you the truth, lu nre.iclinii; .1 ^.'o-p. 1 wlncir .ab-olii,e!v .,l,oh-h,d all o hhgalion to keen the iewi-h l.iu : the tnilh is^lh- Irnlh ■■ic ■■ •■ ••■ , ing of the truth." uhich ni.nle I aiil ap- pear .IS iheir eiu inv, li.c- reler. iice neither to tins leiler. winch ih.s had not yet read nor to the tirst visit, when they /r;ih'nM> .ill. i-t .\"n. hill tl"t v\.ii. >t .i. ill. > v^.iiilil I sclutli villi, tlial >o liii>;lil .•itid! liniii. iS I'.nt (/ i.« I" tn' /taluu^lv .11- fnliil ,il\v:i\N ill 1/ R<«"1 a«>»l ""t oiilv wluii I .1111 iiroi-nt with yi>ii. GALATIANS. [Cn. IV ly My litiU" chiklrcn, of whom I tra- vail in t'irth again until Chri-.. W fortncil in ytiu, JO I ilisirv ti> lie present with you now, an«l to cluiMKc •»>' voice; fur I stand in (Uinht of >■(!«. . I n I il iiim -.mix ilu |-i l'..ri- t 17-19. Ilu- ;i|..-tl «t!|l llu Until |"..I [..ll!!-.!!! .'. i|ll|!li' ci I ; 1 I - 1 are courting a noble way, i. .r ii i-- ire I'.ir. it K 11' \ iitliM~i.i -iii ; ni Ti s ......Mil \l lt ^ c ii 1.1 11 nil < 'Illy , . I ^ i .i n- 1 'Illy They (tlu- Jii- you, hilt not in ii.it tU,- tnilh that "ur /. I/.' iiiK.iiit.'i.m' I ll.lt i In V >Cl k On the contrary, they desire to shut you out — a viry coni- imluiivivo ami Mi>;m-tivi' iihraMv It is lint -aid frimi v\liat or from wlioiii tin- Jn.l.ii/i r> are <1« -irons of excltitiiiiK the deluded (iaialiaii-; from I liii-t (iml in deeil delilieralelv. hut that 1-. in .1 -< ;i-e, the effeet of their action- I ; Irniii tin- iriiili ; froiii all le.ioliinK liWe Paul - that i> o|'- )ii.-f tlu' iihiM-i; 1- -il.t,'Ue-ti\e. I luir |)iilu \ 1- oii> ol -liilttillK out. i- iii-iiiri.l im1.ii i-iii- may alia, h the .U.'.Mles ami ■ eoiiii'i. ! i " salv.'i- .11- intir.'-t is not. . l.jeetionahle ; Paul iiid it is flood for the oh.ieet- of it. since, M-e. tmlii^c the .'thcr. it is excr- ,1 ih'hic -pherc, ;'.<'. in ihe siili.re real interests — liluiiy. -,ilvatii>ii But it is good / <•. profitaldc, to be courted (p:i-s. not middle) in a noble cause at ALL times — zealous friends m.iy he a hlessinn. if their cause is a ii.'i'd one; Paul would not Rrud^e ih- (ialaiiaiis siuli friends in his ahseiiee. hut 11 is clear that it is liim-elf he is tliiiikiiiK of as their trii' friend, . . en when he is ahsent. There he "court-" tlitiii. pursues them with piin.Ts :iiul wriiuii entre.ities. and not only when I am with you. my little children, with whom I am in travail for the second time, until Christ be formed in you. The d.i.iimitive irfufia), -Jiiil,- children." cominon -n John, is not loiiml elsewhere in Paul. I'nt .1- it .ulinir.il'ly ex- presses Paul's "maternal" solicitude for hi- -iiiritiial iliiMr.n. it .-eem- unnecessary t.i -ul'-titiile till II the c.iuiiiioiier rtkra (ehil.lnii). llnoiijili the ■lolly" of the (ialaiiaiis. it i> as if the children whom I'aul had already hroti>jht to the hirth had to he horn over aijain. Chri-t has tf) "assunie form" in tlutii ; a- yet that form is unde\el.iped and hai.l'> r. . oyni/a- hlc. 30. Paul feel- how Uliahlt he I- to say with tlu- pen to the-.- imiii.ilure ••cliihlreii" all that is in hi- lu.irt. I could wish I were with you at this mo- ment, and changing my voice ir iii the -i v> re and stern tone- I « a- comiiell. il I" ail.'pl oil ui> -.■.■"ii'l vi-i' I'er. H'l ' - tlu' .leciiit- of all. .11. III.'!.' i \. r. I'M .M"'- tel.itiou; for I am perplexed about you. I liis par:ii;raph eml-, like the la-t. with an expri--ion of aii\ioii- f. ar 1 \ . r. 11; which -er\i- to nniiii'l 11- 'h.i' 'I 1- no all-tract tlieoloi;ic.il pr.'I'Kiii I'aul 1- di-- I ii--iii;,'. It i^ the nu n rather than the priihliiii- ili.i! lie lie. ivy upon his heart; hu writ.- Ill- Kit.r in the interests of I he spiritual emaiicipaiiun of misguided men. Slir.rs and Freemen: an Allegory (iv. Ji-31). After the warm, personal appe.il. the thread of the arniinieiit is reMinu .1 ; or rather the argument is restated in the form of an allegory. Paul is pleading for freedom: his Ofiiioneiits are eunihasizing d. scent from Alirali.nii. P.uil ; ikes them on tluir oun sjround. uoes 1. u-k to ;lie story .'f .Miraham. aii"l p.". 11- oni that .\hraliam had /:c" ^oIIS — l-liiiKul. iIl ii-iniral child, •• accrdiii'-; to th- l' -h." .ud l-aac, the :iiicrn.i!ural child "of the pruniKO." I!v alle;;i iric.-d interprel.iti.'ii, h.' C"iiiiects the form. r. the >oii .if the sla\ c-w . niian. with Siii.n and ihr -I.imtv of the l.aw — the tviie of s.iii-hip to which the I r- <■• 'rrc-ponil. L in i-l laii-. mi the ither hand, who underst.'md the euiaucipa- tioti which Chriirc t > be iiivKr the law. ''■" or do you not understand ( lor '"'""^ ni tliis sense, cf, 1 O r. xiv. 2) the Uw? — hire in tlu sense of the whole Pcn- tatendi'. as wluit follows is taken from the narrative, not f.i>m the leRal part. I'anl demolishes their argument* by means of iho verv law to which they had ni.a.le their appeal. For Scripture says that Abraham had TWO «oiu. It uas n. t eiiuugh th n to in>ist np.iii de-aiu troiti Abraham. The real .|iK>Uon wa^. "Whicll of the sons did \hc (jaianan> sembl I'?" for one, Miniael. \va- by the slave handmaid, and one, U.iae. by the free woman. Tliev miulit he Alaaliam s sons and practically slav. s |. r all thai. Those two sons repre-siiiteil U\o n/^iS <r i> an al idn,;^ oiu ; perf t>;i>v i according to the flesh, that 1- his i,inli V, .i- lucnlv a natural event; but the other by the free woman is b..iii through promise. Isaac s paren; s wei-e aned; bis birth, which humanly si.eakim; seemed impossible (de:.. xyn. was ;iie divine fulnlmeiit of a divine (promise, ilence he is a child of promise (.ver. 28). , , , , ,1 1 34. At once follows tbe ' dd .dleKonca application of the story, \\ . b is oiten l without apology, as. to I'aul and bis eon- temporaries, such an interpretation ot tlic Old Tesument was ,is leiiitmiate as r v. as familiar. Now these things hsve an al- legorical sense. I5esides the onj;inal lus- toric sense, which was not .Unicd, the narrative was .mUo reuarded as id.vi/ii,' something i-Lu- (d.Wl'Vop.i^i, as poi.unDj; u. somethinK deeper, more niritnal (ct. t Cor X It). 'Ihen the Ik.M leap is taken' for these women represent two cove- nants. Of course no pr.»of is or c:in be offered of this statement, it is simply an iilh-Hnrual interprelatiim. whose Keimis is to •• say somethiiiK else." stmiethinu sim liar to, but profounder anil more spiritual than, the oriKinal st.itenieiit. Hut though all alleBi>rieat iiiteriiretatioii is aihurary, uiid a* Luther says, in tins eoniuctioii "' too weak for jiroof." it is maiiipiil I'eil here with ureat pouei 1 be slue .nid the I, • man could iioi hut suee t io I aiil th. tiri.it eonli.i-t, of which ll. rpisiK' 's lull, belwoii tb>- law's s!a\. .n d ( !aisl s free man: ami this U-.l |.> .111 lasy ir.insi- ij,,., (o t! . c-iina-l IhHv t il M.iinit filial .„ 1 ,he lua^.::K J.r.i-..!.'P /lb' ..■'■tr,|st 1 ,,,,,1 tlu lu- c. .iiM"' is Ki..piiKally V e with its origin on Mount aUw' bearing children for slavery. sub- iiCinu i! adher.iits t.> tbe bondage of and this covenant is Hagar. 1 hi- Sinai cowii.iiU, assoeiiUed as 1' l» wrh ibe law, is the mother of i/.i. ci.- ii „ tliis that i* adinnbratid and typitie.l by lla«ar. herself a slave and tbe niotber of a slave. 11, 35. The t'lrst claii-e of ver. .'.S i- cU-,,ii> intended to clench this ponit, h 'i nn fortuiLltely both tlu- red and tlu- pre- cise nienniiiK aiv d..nhn : \v>-l..'tl and Hort. and .\, K. V. r ! ; .\ - -c < 0. . this ||;i'4ar 1- nioiint Sii.al in \ra!.M-. Ml „d, and A \ r- ad -. ■ / i-.""" ''"^ ll;.,,r e'c" >-nie MSS oiii t -,ap (llayaV) rcadinj.; s:,np!y. " b'or .'-ina: i^ a mountain 111 .\i.i!c,., " or - ni.nn.t .>s:tiai i, i„ \r,,i.i.i": ailil it i- t -illl>!lll« to ,11).- ,„,.e Willi ku.dall •■th..l A-.iiP w.is prob- ,-,hlv an >ir. r 1:1 l ran-> 1 .p- i-'U l-T tbe oriK- -,(ip, - , r e\. n tl. .t "i"? drew A-yap iiuo tlu- t.M 1 lie presence of the word /'u'-ur liowi\>r -ceiiis necessary to tuc ,r-'nnuiu; and the best readuiK is that ;.do,iH ,l bv A. K. V. (and H.) - now the (name) Hagar means Mount Smat. in Arabia: in other words. ' -Kar \rabic name of Sinai — a fact which Paul ;.. !...._.. K;:--^-'-;! durtni- bw r.-sidene. in"\rabia (i. 17). and a wil. -ii.. corrobo- ration of the allegorical e.xpbm.itton in the prexious verse, of Hagar as the inni i covenant. The Hagarencs had their uome 1 in Arabia, and in Ps. Ixxxin. 6, are men- 252 OALATIANS. [C'u. IV .1, I'.ut J> iu-;il. in wtiii-h i-. .-i' -'M' i- fi, , . nhi. li Is llii' iib'tluT "I all :- r'.T It IS vMittrii. Ki|Mi,i, liar ,.8 N'..» \s. , l.v. ihrcn. as Isaac wu^ ir« tin- iliil.lrci! iif incini-r. jii liiii .IS thi-n lie that wns bom alter !r.,il. f..rt!i ..-i.l iiv. tl. -Ii |.. i-cciili»l htm lh,lt S»'i« *.'»« „„,„ ■,,,,, ,,,, .,,1. -1 „..i: i.T .1. -■I II.' liter itu- ;>i'im, i-vi-n M. i< k; now. Iialli ina'.iv iiI'T,- i-liiMrni tliaii -la wl. ill lialh a hii^lt:iml — ti.MM.I v.rU liii !-litii.iiIii.-i a- miiiilH-rs a . ..111. .1. i.u \ wli.-f <.lij"''-t llii- sinuif.ii e.i' Isra.l a f.n-l wliuli in" tl. iilallv illti-ir.ii. s \hv •• i>. r-. I .II1..1' ' i w!iU-li "Paul nlVr. m v j'l. tli-' <.l tin- |ir..tiii-r |.\ '111.- U..I.1 Ill l:i , '• Kejoice, thou barren that dost not bear"— ill.' i.l. > >.ir I'l m l'-'^' ! ,,, ,..|,„l ,,t I',, il. Ih (I ill. V, 1 :i'U in O'.r ■■\ I , ,1 I- I,.,! . ■ 'i. ' l in; ■ ll H i. l-.ii ill ll -' I ! break forth ; ■ ^ ' i; and shout, thou Iwhii ilost not trav.-iil v. i': » l!!!.!r. n . for .k, III. t.. .1. -I.UIl .tr Ill-Will >!li..l. l!.- j.. 11.1 iilluT . . •lllll lll.lll' '11 lit II \l.r . iwu.. ..u.^i ..y^. ■■ • I I , , ,, many arc the chiMren of the desolate, ,, i!,., . 1, t'.,!, Iinore tlian i'. ■ of her who has a hus- And i band . I -. in-t 1,. . I. iililii ll !:i -I"'!' _ liv. 11 I lii^ is the niutlur JiTitalrm, our ! • « ll-lL. ir W -.1 .1- 111- ..11. l.H Illilll 11 .1 ■ . tl, M.-i t -iM. I. corresponds to Hit. l-M^...^. r. S<-,.!1 .-..i.t iHr,..o,t.d . v. r. 2.,) V. Ih ■■'.1. I..V. ..r cluiiui u.ilw the,.i...u. si,.. utU ..„e day lie i-Miul-w :.nd Jerusalem that now is, that i-. im .artlily 1,1 n^.iK 111. i.-ii-i.li ml .1- '!ii' l.i .ili|''.'rt' rs '..I lii.i.ii-tii I he p. .1111 "f iiTi. siiiiiuleiK-e |„u\,,ii r 1 .11. il J.riival.lii i-. t i-' IHM ,1;,.; , ',i..',\s. ill the slaMTV <'f tin ir r, .liiMi. ii; for she, th.n i-. J..'k,- .,1 the law, anil iiiilml Ivm every ..tlir \,,ke, and she is OUR mother. .\,,or.!- ■,,m. v. ei .111, mil- .! .iry Ji\vt-.li i.U.i- ih'' I, 1, ,1 h ni-.il. 111 ..'l . Illy e\l-U-.l 111 llir j,, .,,,,1 u..m1,| ..lie .!.iy ll— .-i-r.il i.iil ,,l h. I;, .111 (;."1 1,1 Ki-- •'^'vl- -'• II, 1, ,,, i,. i'.iiil I'iis .liy is al 1,,.-. ■nli'l. !• 1 III I''''. '>>• , M-'iii'.^ l lir;-!i,.ii iliniJi. .\li,.i.l\ tli.i-,; ,\ ! , 1...: Il IS il ' I In 1-1 .11 •■ I I'll'. -'"I- "• lh,.r 111, .ill 1 1. . i-.il. ill till- lii-li ..i h, mill. nr.; ill'- virse with " .-iiul i lu- i.tlhr i- ."s.iiali" HI. \er. J4 1 and Mruly u,,!|. v.il; mit llu- euillr.i-l l.rtw. eii lla^.ir .iiiil ."s.itali. tile I. Ill' lu-iriuK eliililreii i"V vl.very, .ill'! e. ,11 1 -liinnliii^; '" e.irililv J.-rnsaletn. ami liie i.bur I'lMinm eliililr. 11 fur Irve.li.iii. and ei .rre-ii. .ininii.; I'l t'"' h.avenlv Jeri>.ileiii. I'aiil si„ti,K i.ik.- 11, • the contrast l.eiueell tlie tun J. i ii-.iii r.> 27. llu- lliiiucht ' f Ihe new Jerii-aUin kiiulli's Ills iiii.iuiii.i'i'.ii ill- rei-ali- on .if llu- .un .d pas-au. - Ly which the eNiles were iii-iunil in Hilivlnii web ''" ■'- siir.ince that tluir .1,-, 'lalfil ,mU u.. ' .l I" ji. .jiiili .lis ay.iiti. .111.1 In ~' ' - I'l ' . ■'■ l.r.iiihccy of tlu 'j,"' " " ' -„ Christi.iii ■ • " 1 1 imtipli.inl. 28. 'iliis )jtori..i!s vi-ii'ti till- aiM.-lIe wishes til write ui>oii the llll,l^• i-.ition .md ilie hf.irt iif I'!- I'M.lish t "m; iii ins, .tiiil to I. rinu 1 .ine in tln'in the -ilise of tntir lili.ir ! ), ill tills lieavetily citv. Now you (till- i- 11V.'.' sinkiiii; .in.l ,tT,,'i\e lUnn T.r. .•ind 1 iirohaMy ■ .■n,,! li; .imh ,„,i ,|.,,., .11 il 1 brethren - with r.,' 1 ■ 1 - ■ ' I'l •■'■^'i- ii'< lit - are. like Isaac, children of prom- ise: IS !„ il \,i- 111 t lin-I. >.>■!. liiiiliKs II. , I, Ih.iii .1, w-. I'Ui your l uth M the i.;r:n-i..:i- ji' 1111-r ..l I....1, .n .1 n"u tlur.'- l,,i-,. v,.ii .,r.- iliiMrvii 1.1 tlu- new Jertl- -.il, iiu V,';-. ll 111 .'. 29. But '1; ii'iy nii.ats itself. There u as (iersi eiilii.il then in tliose old days to vvhiih the al',-.J..ry I'nes L.uk, and there is IH r-eeittion -till The thiiiil is itievit.ihte ; tiif the two tyi'-^. rriiriseiiteil hy Isliinael .■iiid Isaac, ar,- diaiiu incalK ..n".-. il. tiiii- tii.illv . .s.'ln i\e (cf. V. IT' : '' ■ > .."i""' i l ,' ,.'/.■.'• ;\er. .till. Just as in those days M. . ., 1. the (child) born after the flesh t , i \ r J.? > persecuted l-aa.-. the 1 child born 1 after the sp-rit. so also lis it 1 to-day tin Jiw- ]>ei-r- i-iite the I '■ ■■-•i;i- - I'ril kiu-w will v,liat iliis |ii r-ii--'t . ;i 11'. .;ii; lie h.nl ''i h'ln ' It 11 'r-ii. .1 l'\ till- vvi'h liilti-r ami t:iri,"iti,-al oiijio^'iii'ii. as llie Imnlv ot .\cls jevervwhere attests (cf. xiv. j, ly. .xxiii. IJ ::T:i! tlute iimV ::]-■ l-.- '"t.- a 'aeit I rvl'i rt ii,-e I" the iliM iirl ..I'u i- .iinl C'lnfii-iou I .-..'.l-cl ill (lalalia h\ the Jml.ii.'ers (i. - ; v. i 1,1. l-'i Xi.'hiii'.^ IS -.liil 111 ( ieiiesis of a 1'. i-,', iiti. in i"f Isaac hy l-hiii.u'r. .it most it \\,i> .1 case of ■ m.H-kinii," tdeii. xxi. y> cluirch. ^For'" Scripture says: I 111. ii'.iih the margin of .\. R. V. is no doubt Cb. IVj (JALA HANS. .11 Ml li Nrvrrth. wJi.it saith th.' S.Tii> iti' l I tiiro? CaM trtil til.- Um.lw.mtaii ..lul li-r tiMti „„,ri- (. I . t « I- in- It i- v,.ry i-r..! ..! ;>• tl " ,V ,,,;,,„,,. 1 ... sti.rii- ot 1-liili.ul - |,.„1 .,M 'vi.!..! I-.i:u- . . I'm- . ii.i- 1' I. ."-^ h ill !■ T llu ' r- ■A':\\ I 111 .1- '.- II' i l-ir ill. it A'. ■ , .' ■ , \o! t It what docs the Scripture mv? ' ■! i u .•i-k- I'.i mmi-.i>li..iiii> ; t'-r «h.i_ _ .S( nptun- ■.IV'* will 111- il> " '"^ out the handmaid, ii «i>^. and her". i, for the Bon of the handmaid shall in wise Mn> inherit with the son of i <• free woman." S.ir.iir- ia.^. u..i.1-, ■• -i ii..t inherit witli "ly . ', "" , ' Isaac" (tKiv xNi. !"» ar-- -^iliulh .m..i1' by Tatil. ><• a- t.i u)\ nii.. !inr vmiIi lu- arKUiiH-nl: In- ni-i-i:nu ■ i" >iii..Hi l.ilitv of -U\Krs .11.1 IP -1 •111. .' I 1 of the l;iw atul t'.''' M"'" ■■• It is diliu-iilt t" t-""« III' r niore tin- ilt^iKlit .t ' fourv,; proniptid > !■ .""'i 1 • i;i.lu-.-illv i-.-i ■-■tiii^ t\ln I,' \l.t ■\;.ti}\. ^ l-r ! - . ■ "■ u,.. ,r 1.1, ■ I \' ■ I ■ , , ... . . I-.. I. ',!,■.. I 1, , 'l . :m '■». • . , . , ,. V , , I, k..|ii I i:ti!'> I li - \'""'' f.\ \.t:\]. U'.:: II- ' . '"1 1 n-nt 111. r' il I'li ' k. I'll U 111'-' I (.J...;,. Ill- ■ ■! It I 1 1 .i-l-iu . •<; ^ ' . 1 It !l \'. . .M tilf ■.111)" " 1' i. I ■ 'I !.,iiii l.\ .i|'i'< .I'li'v; t'l'' \ ' ' . " ' ,|„iit 'li.it .Xlir.ih.im li i'l '."«'' - ' ■ ■i-, iiii-r ililV "if • in ,'iiih . »l.r.i- jMi f.irt I J J 1 , liip i.-.ii .|iu-ti.>ii «!i<-llur '• I- I-"<' ; MniKi.'l Hi- r.-Miiil.!.-; ..ml, ;t M.in " L 'l-^' ,1 H,. -h:i1I tu- ..lit." - .ill- -Oil I- v -', '•■ •"I ] |,!!i .;iin» ;i|iiili.-.i' i. .-1 "t ,111. .'li. I t' -.t ,;„, ,(.,„. NM. I. .),•■»., -I - it 111.- '■.■'i.!"-"ii"i "h •.ini^^aiu! ii.r ..i-.- 1'.. il lii-l 'y' >'-^" .r..:u „,..ni . ' lu -.i^'n;.^ a... -.u. j in ^ ; '::::;r;,lx - H '.:i-t H!.- i':.i u,:.- -i .ii— i.y. , n.lmciiii '. ..i,-;.Ur.ns li-'t * ' ;.„„, ,, .. ,.,r ,1„- i.u- ,.t !.«.ili-in n. t'.u- ll:,. iM.ii.l-,-.. 1 .,• -i.in.'.s m h.- .ill. - -.- ' ' , , , , , ,„„ ,„■ ,!„- otatum. C:.^t . V".;, - . I. tl,.> t,, th.- .m...,-.-M,.-n. .-.1 ii..|ii;ta- K-r -.in.' at,, t.i m...,- mm- l. - j,„,,,,,,,. ,„.. S.-Hi.tm. -.nth wag.-.l "I"." »'a"' tl.it th,- |...ii.|tna,.l.-,i ami ti.r >..i- "vi-t i.o hh- «ar. ••A'.v.iv ~ ^ V .i" , i --..-I • .nt the man will" iiiaini.: ■ ■! ' ! . t ■. ,•! -,.1,-riiii: tli-' r,-\ , r -iu-.- wi'Ii wliu-h v.nvhii, t.i Al.r.-ih.-i,,.. _r ■ ; r.l..! th- ( >!.l I . ,.i..-ii- . an.! llic tilth, !.,•.^.th.^ u -'1- 1,,. 1.. ,t t.. 31. Wherefore, brethren ,h- - j! • ,,,, j,, .....t. vry infereiu-e i.. ' , ^ ,i.!,r.!..' afl • -i---t..1 I L' 1 ■•^ ''>v!ar,-d we are Children not ,.k, i ."l,,,; ,.„,...., .n. .n t!-- 'If- ^lave handmaid, m '"^'V'. of' he if ■.'ti...,: i.'h i i- l.-'-!-"^ "", ' Oman that is FREE; -i.-.ntit.u .l^Mnn .;. .., • ..! . 1 1,^.. '>---^- -v^'^ ^'^,,-:?'',.:r::fX ■'- n; .-ti. . - - k ,u.. fr. I- Ir.nii till- 1... !!.!■. ..;>•;■' >-'i'-' - ■ ' , , ,, ,. ,11, .1 •■l...,iv. .n-.t tl-.- ..'m - '•' l^-^^-'''- - 1.,, .;,. 1.,!. .,:-,! . ;,.i.l : 1 • ^ii I . , ,. |. „. - in r.| . !> Ill- 111 -.s. In r. .i'n>. h,.-.\- ... r. h,- I«ir.-,ble supremacy of t.ii.h, .1 .. ,1. t . . , .|h in, "vr. adumbrations <.f tins "i _ . ,,,, ,|,^. ..p,,,,,.,. ^,i,k-|i Ir.-t. . i-i... 'li^ ^tr;,;;.k i;;;;c.^^S :>:bra;;a.;i'; .'.luipaw.' .. is enrions to the .«ht of fit II ■>t. I V 1. :i 1 '* ' — — woman that is FREE; i' ■ ■f ihi- lii-,-i\ tiily fr. 1- fr.'iii tlu- h. .!!.!. Jerusalem tlial ii. -w Thrmiuli.>tit the wli.'le .liMMt-M. .n. Paul t-f,.-r<-i .1 niil l\-t.!iii.-nt are "!•• 1 M.i! til,. ,-!er 7T" 254 (lALATlANS. [Cii. V CHAl'TKR 5. I si\M. 1.1-t llnr.fiMi' in tlK- lilicrty vvI..n vMtli l lm-t lui'li '"•"l^- ""'V ''"f 2 r.tlu.l a nl the ()!.! Icstaim-nt. aicr.lmu t.. wliuli, KriHTallv Mi>;'l-i"K. tlir l.y.il iM,rn..ii- ai. MT.Mul, "l.oth in l — nt <'l.^tinir ..ii.l nri.-f ;ir, r. 1(1 llu- iipiliiut:.-. ' ' tliL- t 'ill I f^taini nl 1- 1 the iirnl'hiln; Iim.i1--- an. tin- )."'l'ht wr.h hitn-.clt, to ilcM'air, 01,-, r\ iiu-.- Ml onliiianrt-s can do ni.ihiiv.' «li.,ttvir towanl, making hnn a now .n:. iiiri-; ..hM-rv.incc <'t tin- .l<-^M-h ..ractieal iiaKam^'n i"' I I ihat ••cniini-" \M'li 'I '- , f.iith as Al.r-ihani I ,•1. u'^uli w.i~ f.,r riL-htcMi^iu 1 111. '. llah.iUknk .Kr'iar .l wouM he r.uar.K.l wiiii ),,■,. , ,!i 1 I I. I hi> taitli t ini- like a lim 't hu!n all Ihn.,,^!, the « iM I eM-ntunl . hi:t ,1 .hiiie- fiill-.:rl.e.l u'liell I kn-t O'UU -. \-, , v Mtr.iii-; ai«' I'aiil'- phrase-. 111 111 .-, •■kr|..rc taiili e.inv- " .mil ■■«ii<"i i,,,;h "''.i-.'l t hn-! .!i\i.!e^ hi-l.iry ,„ — tk,.- tiiii. k. lie e.inu. the h-^al n-..l!. n, « k> M 111 -inie nl men nl l-n'l" /.,,'ie-M/i-.i -I' /■''"•''-V Ui'Sftl tv. 1-0). vf thf i.k'.inilantly ,u .1 iiialice II. ll' The ix'int which has h en ^■M;ii.!i>he.l kv ar^;nnu•nt. t!i..l ot the ^eisiiei i> ineMiiipalinle \\ M -nli-irN- lencc to the law. i> n .w, 111 a l- w (.. w- rrlul sentence, home .l.ueily h .ine upon the coiiM-ieiieo ot the (lakiti-m- I. Ihe c.'niu.MMil is verv cL m h.lween I'.ii^ \ 1 rse .■111(1 tile l.i>t : ,.1 Ihe /I.e." It was ,,„,).,,|,s «■»■ «.\tr«€()ia, 1'; . <■.'.. .111 ; el VI r. l.t ; freed US 1 'i"^*. einpii-iiie 1 ■,l\V 1 111. 1.5 ' ■ 'I -'l y and e. nipU li ly ; c> : "ill ancikir >-<( of ''■ Iixkii vT- .111- iiMii^ to i:iiii('-e npoii v ,1... Stand' linn then aijainst ,,,,, i., ;..iri with th.it frceih'in. and do not let yourselves be entangled a second time in a yoke of slavery. I k.i ir lu atheiii-ni li id keen a skiv. ry ( iv. .v, iluir ad.iptioti ni Judai-tie ( .1 i\ anccS I'.v 10 ( will he a . tiiMc .ill, r ],iii.\e ill ul nii.kT-'. ,- c\ . r (k'lH -1" kiiit; l.aw w.i^ • .-.Ulle. kl in'^lllU I I nil -.'nship and ■d li"tli er.i^ as It 1^ ont of the liKr .Xi.r.iii.ii I, .id ; -iild I'l t.i ik.o^i \\ k i; . . (i. .111. I' 1, u 111. 11 k.:i , ■ - . . - l,;l,U" ot hi- evp.rielie.- ihat lie unle- ; "helore t nlh eaiiie .• wi re Kept ,„ N\ard nnder hiu ; hnt alter f.iith c.-mu; .-ire no longer under a p.-d-ie. (i;-,ic. lie kiu-w the ei.n-tr.aint. tke honda-e. \Uc d. -ii.iir. the d.a-i, wrapp.d "P 'n 'l'"' ^ luii-atioii of Im,i!i-ni; he h.id t.i i.d an , MCI! Imw kitlir II \\a-. .Ml the ni..ie w.i- he akie to aiipreCLaiv the . xhd.ir.a'i. 'ii. tlie email, ip-i'"'". 'I"^' re.Uniplicn. tkr ~o:i-]up whieh u.r,' lii~ in -iii-i ihronuk l k.n-i. lie h.id keen .1 eiti.cu ,.t k. .Mi .Kni-akn-^- .,f that wk.ieh p. u i-. wk.i. k 1- m k..iH..ij.'< wiih k. r ehildriii; and no k ' h..i\eiily Jernsalun whose sons are frei (!v. J?-.';)- the siil, >anie h \ i k ( " ,-J- 111 !ll-'ltUti( ill' (.f fliri-t I I'hd I (.jal. V. i,( 1. S. 3. 1(1 tke wliuh r.iiil i~ ■ -pi-ei.d .attenti. 'ii, tke ftlll \\ii'.;kt t'.ke aM'hiiriiy: -■nii'ar iie:-...k!e I I See! tk. and nin- 1 tke; ■ I one tlo! ni.LV kc ■.her iniporiant 1 iiKi'.-c, lie 1 (■ iiiii! I.iliiiunt i.ilkny.s ■- |( with I Paul tell you. ! ■ 1 a lull t" a >iinikiil> ai!lk(.r- , ^ ,, . , ^1 J N il. W k.il he i , ,\ \ . . ihi't if you submit to cir- Icutncision. Christ will be of no benefit ito you — pm- Hif .n. ki-K di of his loilK '...'nunt vo pknc.K a.i'd niinn-lakahly that „--t •■ in: 1 !( ne-'> nt " of the ('..■ilatians ;.,„.,,,, 111- in.a-.iinn. lie docs not "if veil eireiiineis.d." bnt it yon r. ; . i\e i-r.e nneiMon." CirenineiMon. winch ua- m it ( If lieilhiim' I ver. f>. vi. 15!. ine int a ^ood 'lea! in the atmosphere erealeU 'ly the Jndai/erv. n i.ieaiil a rec- omiition of the law a- I'li". at lea-t. ,kv wav of >a!vatfT. tnd liurcf.- was. under the circtimManee-. an nnplKit oe- iiial of the •• comiilctcnebs ■• U". :> 'he of Ch. V] OALATIANS. 255 4 Christ is l-ocome of no effect untai 6 For m Ie»u« ChnM ncithfr circuin- vou. wh..MKxer ..f v.-ii arc justified by the ci^ion avaiUth any thing, m.r unc.rcum- Lw ¥«• are fallen from Kfacc. csion; but faith which worketh by love. 5 ' For we through the Spirit wait for | the hopt- of rightcmisness by faith. | s;,lvation \vr..,i;;Iu Christ f:i.-.-s U|„r,t. ....ikmi; n^-M ih.' luinian Jptrif ; th.m with .il;. tM.,ti\.>, I ircunu iMon hiT<\ a. ..lUMi, It is niiiM.ssil.c to Ueu»Je ,,r Cliri-t • h Cl i:>! .u-iils lor sah.ui..M. in favor ot one rath.T llian of the ollu-r, circ,M.u ;M..n prout, nnthinu: if circmn- ! Those wh.. arc jiisiiti.-.l Lv taith in Christ II IV liN i'..Kaiioii. l lirist pr.ilits i move nmlcr spintuiil iitipiilM s atiil in a ,„,iliniK \n.l Nslialfver the Ju.lai/crs I spiritual r.K,..n. ^hi.h lu-. uothmK to .1.. mat, sav. ilns is what --ays : with carn.,1 o,,l.nan.-. s orcinuMM,,,. ami It 'is at tluir peril that tlu-v refuse .\.v;am tli, tr j'.i-tmv..ii..!i. ih. ir evp. ,Mt... i. hste,, to one wli. "an ap-stlc. n^t ilu ,r wh^le I,,,- spr.n^s . .n from men. nor thnmnh man. but lUroimh ( hrist. n-t i...ni ilu- w-rks ..t .!; ■ ..w j.sus- Christ - iiinis.if u. >), Yc rih.-.r ,vf.'-',- ,s 1-..!, : •• soleinnlv protest ag«in. as 1 have just aiul exp.vl n, > I I:,- . > . , ,.t , I'Wl protesn^l m V.,,-. ... to EVERY man that an- u,-,, .\|..,. . a.-l ,h. pa,t. submits to circumcision (nut "to exery ( hn-- : „• in i..-. «,;, i ti,..r „"„ that ,^ .,r.-,nn, thdt he IS ■ tu-.s h.^' w>l I-' - -nnntM -l . bound to do the WHOLE law. i.- rhil .n -•..i i. 11:^ If !•>• ts .l.-.nl...l ,,o.K.w/> II. I.u at all was f. It as t!u- /i. „l. ss. . om- altoi-.-lJiet • at:.l niait who .h.t ti.'t .lo M.len.ii; «li-U' t.ail.M.L; -I .h>- .pisl... ;})f-hat ,t pr.., l...l waseurse.. (,u. ,o.,,h,, .... hat.iU tu-.m .hc ^-^^^ •> - The (.al.iIi.M,, .h.l n.^l rral,,,- tli.- ^o.,-' -'t u.ll aMain t- rtchtoms,,.-.-. PT this th.> ti-e ol.lin:!!' -ti tli' V were tak ni; up.. , tiu tt. i ..Irea.ly po.M-s, thr,m«h lallh in Christ se ves \i tl . v s,,!„n,t,.a 1.. tia J ,,.la,-.,c | ni. l-). Kather it imans the hope of proposals ..t e,r. :,n.av.,„ tntnrc ^lory wtneli their present p.j*sess„,n 4, 5. Tln re are two u,i>s of jiistitiea- | autl experieiuv .if righteousness inspire 11. .11 tlu- l.iu. an.l hv Chiist. but they 1 them tu elierish. , are iiin'n illv exchtsue Your cornection ' 6. This attitii.Ie of p.itient an.l hopottll ex- 'with Christ is annulled at ..:i. e (a.-r.) ;pectan.y s,,rttiKs ' ' t t>..itt wrks. you who are seeking vmir justification | sneh as , ir. „m, , for t; ; a\a;l- L.tii m the law: l>y Mich an a'tempt you are ihk in this ooniKin. .n. In : li 1 . p ui u at once fallen away from the grace -.t Christ (Jesus), neither circumcision nor justification which is mediated l.y i lirist uncircumcision is of any avail -.al..,- alone. The reason for this paih.iic fate tioii. L. - w^i" -r. ^ ' • is found in the next verse; for it is not f. l!ir>Ma„^. emM,n,.aM...i ,s nr., .vain, by law, but by faith that men arc justified, . t 1; i eol . r v.ahie i..r p:;rp - s,i. Hut the verse lakes a ui.ler •.wer),; it tu.n ; •■ is m ; • .> 1 1 . Le n.knst-. eonten,pl.-ltes the d. M.ny a^ well a^ th,.;uere pk ...i.n. ...r -.nuthin^ that had no oriKin of this "iustitK-.r- !,le. and w!:.. pla, an.l t,.. p.'Wer ni lie (hiisl.an .ire nlre.-idv liwni; ihis hl.'- r.nil an.l m-Iu me .1 -lnnv:s. 1 ,.! .1K i.... -.ary. those hke'niin.!.-,! wnh hnn - - are .tr:k i- ih,- i.nu;.. : .at .< ,• r, .« ■ ,„k1v o.ntra-t.d v.i;l, tk.->- wii.. ar, ...k- 1- '^'^V '^; in« inst,tuMt,..n ui the I'U It is ..fhant I'anl s arL^.nn.nt ,s .j.aiM,' e.l^. d a tnil prrs,,nal . xp. rten.v, an.] o.,. ,.t th.- | ( .. in ile w ,~ i... n. ar-r to Christ tor his kn..wl..l".- that t!n. , xp.rMi.e 1- .Imi-.-.I nn.ir.nin. 1 .ion than a jew for his circum- 1,^ ,.;h. •!,,' I'l"! nr;i.- WE by the ei-i..n, .Seitlier eouiui.-n.I.-.| men to (,ooi^..'i, ,s nn.l.lle. await the hope ..| eternal lit< Klorv iU..ni \ni l.**-',;', whuh .>t:r pr. - cut pisMs-Min of righteousnesa ( through faith in ( lir.^'i, warrants us in cherishiiiK. Kv.r\ w.ird in this yreat sentence is em- phaiie. aiid the whole verse is in pointed contrast to the verso that precedes. I he impulse an li • i..nii-.| flesh (cf. 111. .0. The spirit is the divine I hope in ver. 5. now he joins love; in •J.'iC, (iALATlANS. i( II. V - v.. ,i„l rm, well: wiio .i.a Mn.Ur >ou I.. I .-.^uMnu-v in y-ni tlirough I ll v ilu- truth • I-""'- "'iHTwi-o , "V, m^^^^^^^ ..t lunJ,ni.uJ.-.l; Imt Ur that truul,Kth y,.u shall t!-.:! >-,;lly, ami iniiuli to lo^iiiK work in the -irvicc of one atiothcr (\K:r. . I l-'ricHdly and iJ .S/i'ril W'xrd (v. I'ai.'l now titrn- ur';'. w •.^ l- I'l Lii-iitle .•\|.. -tiiL.ticii 1" lii- ( i.i.i' > uli'; h-iil .' in liir I hri-lt.in r.u'i- -o w'l. and who :'-,:i,lil l,.,\<- ifn "W iilii . ,i ni| n il li.id it not .n <. r I'f ii;v,i. 1111111 n- ilii' wn in tlu ir u.iv iy lb. I ilr ^"1 li^in-; wrll ,,)■ :ji,in, i.M'l i ^ hi- (■■>n:iili iui> in ll;. ;r 1 ilfiri- .iti;' ' ; l':'' l'i<- ■'lluT-. a< ,ii-l.nl,>T- :ni.l - ■■• . l" ,-l:"n-)i. arc ,li b\ l.iin i' i .' .Til nf iniliKnant 7-9. You were running 'lie Chri-^tiaii ,1,, i-.-i- li-.r wh.'V "I I. :in-i;.iiii;y. li: :i;i; "I I'm- at Chri?tiaii , ,;, ,i„ , lu.. ioiMi.i'ii>"Mvc vtr r-^ 1, -.ly n^;K'ii\«-. l-'indlay Mini- ll ;l lu il:r 'A..:.',,: " \.n\e >:u>-> fall!'. ], .,,1, ai:,l tr. 1 ; li'M"' 'i''"'" ■' , 1'. .U.? ' 1 'n' Ki . \iir. -. iImII ir, l.'\i' and inaiii- lanis ii>tll in li.'po "Hl^l 'I't iHTtict Ua>. \\V -fo lure, what w.- -hall - -nil IM. v idainlv in llu' o .■.u-ln.hnu vvii. ii oi tlir [uy.'W. x\w iia. n- . -' .1 ■- >■>• ..t th.- ami- ..f l'.r,.l. li - ' I" Mni.-l a iho.l--;y. W".: I" ."i.ci and ir.n.- f,,rni lin . I he .arvr* h> i; ^"V, "i ^ - ' ;;:.r''V\'V' ';n'.' ''l-'"" ra^/uor .h. in.,a,h.,r , r,.r. iv ' " ' 1 I'v -inrr.v.ai nobly. Who hindered you i M. 'vkol ynur „:;'^;r,„;; .■;';,. ::.:„■-:,,:, ar. >rr.k-|i.a!hi from following the truth nt the '"^ " ■' I ,, •■, ■. 1.--..-1 aotU"-l"l'- " - I"- The persuasion -h.;;' J,.. Lo.. -->^ ■<-•■; ."-•■^;r-„-x;; ,, r,x , ' i.M. i'.ii'iK'i-i-n. I hi \ , M wh;. a \..!i arc yiJdiiiv. 1: !i'd> (does) '". ' ,■.,:,„ an.I i.nd.-,not 1 come I from God who called you , ...I, do 111 th.ir adh.r.'i.. t . • 1. h:' n -n a vix ditl. .- . '^/rr;^:;:" :':^-';:v'^'';ad'hra'imie icaven.' .h-;-h l\ vi,t','d'i'"i- Ml 11.. '^aln.. leavens the whole lump .ci. 1 » 'V. v. "k ^V,:: Ihi k h' aK. .■v.ni,.!,.. a lu:!, . f ih. n„...„.„ „| J.da>-l.o I'll'lir ii lid r. l;^^i^ .■r..hhii.-. ..v 'i--i ;n.' v d: in nine cornipt tlu-ir wliols „;'i::.k ,i, -.on;,.!;^^ -i .■•!.. ■ ^, ,,,, ,,,,, ,„„ ,.,„,. i;';nind,V i- n...' ma,,d:. a:.h- U,..-. .■.:„ .. .. .M .r-..- n,..n „ nd.T ,- ill. 1 ,, , .111, r ■ .-I ,.t .11 ^ r adv.iiM-i , - ii- 1 u :'i"iit I li" us It .-in mil' i--'-n Im- "'■ ^aiiu. i...,..i. ^> ■ , . .... ii,,. ' ' , 1,1, ,1. ,., — t' r 11 • I'l ^ .xiHi-t ii-m tln-ir iM-opa- a thmu .1- •I.-'--'' , 1 for my part (O'i) have confi- I'-n.''.."";.'^"; • t! n-^i.t iiartH-.ir - ' dence in you in the . Lord - all .-fa ; ,' . ,.. . ,i,,„j, ■!,,• - ' ;u nan'- a.-:- and a-pi-H'-n- af ni f/l^ '''"■*,•;,„ i! l.nindv. iKli.i du. i .' .-./-that yo. Will not change your „ 'nU n- u.i ' '■■ ima-n:ad U it-.minds. -u 'h.- dinvi-n ut | hr Inda.-tic r:; ,^' : had ..,.).,d .hi. (.alanan. tn h. n,.:,/,,/ , , , :i J.,,.,,,-, ■ : :. 11 '\ > ■.'/i." .■> li'-'i" 1- 1 •■inl liail taii^lit llu'in. ' \, 1,,, , ... ' 11 lu i- o-nli.ltiit ili:it, alter tli-v net .,„an.;,iiali..n ; .;,,„ Uuv with it^ ro-.iaU-m.-i' ,,f ih.- yo,- ' 1.1 ' i ^^^--' "-^ win r.-.i- ^''^ ' \' ' ■ " '' ' " i;:;^ :;;'e;::' i:'i::fn:K''-":w;rd But^ he~ who comut-a 11. Ill 1- 1 Cu. V] OALATIAXS. 2.>7 "' ll Am.I I. iT.thr.ii. 11 I >.! 1 "-"l' ' r- ' I w-uM r .x -v "' •v.n cut . iT cnnioiMon. why .1.. I yet MilUT |HTSf. !i uhivh ir.-iil !c >o.' ii..'! - tluii 1' till- (iffi-iicc of the ii> -■• I ,s,.„u a- r> you shall 1. ■ ■■ r. ,k1Um1 ... bear. 1,U a h-.ivy the : • , ^^ >- ', \. " disii'.i' judgment, no mattsr who he be. >. t . i . . i , > ' , _ V!,., I t.. !-:i.r !m l.fr or J-.... ^ . . -..1 I it.' . ...1 . i. ' ^ iSul It ->n;. I. !>: ^ a' U -.. .A tla ^ - ■ ■ t:ir i- t.i Ik '..I'l.rn ■ i;> :''rali>. c I neii a^ I, ]\l ,.;:,ral ... v.r. n - - '^c stumbUn« blocK - ^ > II. But as for me, brethren, if I am of the cross has been al-oUslioi. still." as brforc my f„n. r-i-n, preachinK - I i:'^ I-; , , . . ' . '* ' circumcision, why am 1 still being per- ' secuted? lla.l r.utl r.aliy l.fi ti :•"■«■••».• « ' ' ; ' sch.-lai . thi- ^ :"■ •' ■ . . . ..... , Hut liivrr !■ • ' ' - ' i^" ' . ; , ■' j,,,.,.^,; i-..ii.l!U-t of l';r,;l t- k- ' ■ ■■•■^ - • ■ • '• ITVlio'cahnmTx'.' 'luo princtpk- of ... . o.i. m-,.;. ' - r- , ,"."'.,V;'' „„M!:,ti..ti i.r n-ai:Ki, r„ k> 1, .iv;. u ' - v. im- • •■ ,? ',: , ; , • , . , .1 ■ ■■ ' 1 ■ '■ ■ 'II! :!:- \UH\ .'■■oil. lillo ,,,, m.Mai ,n ; | , : . wouid that those liu "k. n.;;hi i;.;. M l ■■ . who are subvert.n^; you would KO U« .„i In i,..„...-^ v.:I: i! - «. ' ' Uiii;th of . mm makmg eunut is of them- "l.aviii" i; 'i l.i.-a- ■ i '■ a \.. XV .stives I ^ .'• « "av.- tl;-.- -;i i ^ 1-. a;:.! la. i , a , i ■ • i ! t - - 1 > «.T.l o st-v ninxor':;, .1 f'rv'. ,.••>.: r •.n,;.!. -..V.:- ' T , : ■ ''^ lUa tlr ,r ■ i f I .! . . a; i:a ' a-nv , t r . ^ la au aT.,,a. m u.:!.. tia' . . ^^a, th.n la.i :i> ha.! I in-..!hy .-r p.au.: !■ - ■ m •a.'V-.^; - onra:- .1 N'... a'. ■■'■•■■} t!a. ;.n.tr..ni ! , a,; . ^ . .1 ■ . ..a. , ■ t I'oiiuiKl. 1\ olT-.-t hi- !• !•!-.. ••• ' ■ ' • a:-aiaa:a: a : .• ..i •• cirriiMu-.-..! (>...,1, ii, .V. ! a . - ^^ ■. r : . • ■ ' ^n.r - .■ .hit, raM. ra.l..;!'> b- l - ^^ ! V- A ' ;a ^ , - ; ' - ' ^ ■ J.'W, ;i!i.l lla- ' ' ' af- ' ■ ■ " ' ' ' ilr-iaiii .! l.> I. a- ••„!•• ' •• •••• . • • • • • ''v" ■. a.:, r:\,r r:.,'- ' ,: \\ itii maiu-iaai - !rra:'|i ; - : • . . • ■ ■ ^ ■• ill u:,.--", !'ra lai'i i <■ ' ' ' ■ • V 'j ,-,roitMr.M,.n. V.-. ia- laahl ^■'.■U. 'I^ a ; , . a (. . « a,, a • . |.i -U. u . ■ a. I tok-rati-il it, I iH-niut!,.; it .-i ;!!■ i.vuu ii.lc • .Ir. - > .1 1 l.r. r V hi;'- ■ ' !.a ! a.l a % •I 258 GALATIAXS. [Ch. V THl". \K)K \1. OlU.KiATinXS ()!■ rilK M.W l-H"!-- '--vi- i"^- 13 Fcr lircthrcii. \' li'^f '•i"''! cTsion to .he rtcsh. t-.t l.y l..vc ser%c one n-iKl.l-nr tbv^.it l-..r tU till l.iw i< tiiltiilcU 111 one , , , 11 111 I'll-, Ihou shall love thy .inc i< -I In -\nu ..I • . !■ '. «ln.!. ...iiiu-ct- \.r U inti;-..ilclv w.lii wr. u. il is ipntc v'i,,n- 111..' .11 111'- I'""" "' III,- ,|,i^tU- IxKiils, wliuli iniy 11. 't m:il)I>r.r i.iial.lv l.c c.iIK'.l tli.' piil-il -t!f Im- wliiK' litat ; lio li.i'' -mutit t" ti> tilt- (lalaliaiis. l.y iviry <1im an.! iiniia^-i'itu il argimu lit. liul!iin« 1<-- lliiiii iiiil'"' dcalli. It !l"v rii.-i it. II. ur . witll CliiiM aiiiti'.ll' '1. ''I' .v -1' fr..in t hn-t 1 v .( 1 . it th. \ ,1 spira will i|Ui. km .ui'l ^i' a ^l..n..ii< li"]..'. K.'l;itnl\ - l,r.M..us MiMt..n uiiRlit t..:i tlKMl..nu-;il I'.i it I'aiii i l-...|.u ! pr.iM il In- 1 -'il ;,ii iiLlr].. n.l< 11! ,i|>..-ili' <'t J .li,,wn nlial nature ^ii"' o'lndi: 1. .n wntttii lirinir li . . .1 . ,: l.t l.tl- ,.' iniiti 1 !. 'il i| it, tin- 1 Ml' ni w i"i ji. .ii-.iii;:. il..' y 1..' call.-.l 111 till' lilt (i. >pi'ak as u-i Clin-l. li.i- aiu! c'liuli 1r<-i'.!..ni wi-h .1 vi.'u ; ■ wlu.'Ii •' ■ ^ n.'"' l'..'ni.ilk-dl. r.iit ..I alluitt-. ti. .•■!.. Hi i- p^r 'li.ip^ till' i-a-ii'-t t.i nii-intiTpr. t an.! f llur.- IS ahvav- tin' .lann.r ..f u-, h iik ini^takrn f.>r luriirc; ami a spi-cial ilaii»:ir „, tin- i.iM'. c..i--i.l.iiiii: 111.'' •'•>"' llir..u..;li'.!it t.l.rv-.!i'"l it .1- .iii.iiu-iP"' 1v..in liiw. 111.- .\l"-ii.- I 'V. 1 li<'c -Iff s,,iiu- l.> wli..t)i till- .i...-!iin.-. ni!-::ii..rr- s!,,..,l. u.>nM "iilv 1h- t.". U.K--II1C. am r.ni.nn.. I..r i'.ml t.. -..I. r.l it. aii.l ''. -li.'w ili.i!. I'll ff""! I' l.liiii^ t" "it"ra. ,,f 111.- in Clin-', a- ri'stinK' iilfii jiistitK'.i- ,„,„ 1,\ taitli al..no; and his pr.sfntati.'ii ,,tt,,l "imuli of its cU'ariu-ss aii.l o>Kiii.-. 1.1 ii> o.iUiniial omlrast luiwcii t.ii- w.i'. of )ii-titii-atii>ii ami lli»- "'li"" ^^-'t'^-' of ill.- law, wliu-li only K m. Is t.. .1. -I' lir ^"i' .h-:illi. .Now. li..vvo\.T. th..! ilu- -liK'" ■"■'^ nalur.- of the new ht.' Imv^ I...11 ■ .f r tliim-.l. it is tittiiiK that tlio rpi-;l.' -l-.'il.l a (l.'i-.-ripii.in of tlu' iii'Tal I'oii- .at lit'o. l"or t 111 !-li.iiiit\ 1- ii"t life til. It .'vpri'^-i'-- it-i'll I It Is not .iiilv l.iitli. .-, .(A'jiio" I vtr, (1), ami the cm- ,i-rs show how it works, or ,'. I'rk. clo-c ti-n!s "I'l'ii willi ft -ii. it .ml. Imt clii'lniK ' otight to r/i.- Law (■'■ /.«:.• tv. iJ-15)- 13. 1 In- (in-iU- i- .'ti<- mapnitic-ont plea f..r ,'/', >M' 1.1 v.-r. II. 'ii.it IS tho tm^n- ■ e ami .'.!■!. .-t .'I tl" I'i.ri'-tian imU. ror YOU I !'"•"». wti.it. v.-r tlu' Jinlai/<-rs may .,k •■ tlu' n.'-prl, W9T9 Called for FREEDOM, birrthren ntu- /.'•■ i'l-t'ti. •- thf cinph.i'u- -corn with which I'aal hiul just spoKctt of tliv • Mil.v.rt.Ts," who arc imiK-nlhts ati.i would dcsir.-y this wry !.,v.„v ,.r lu-.i... .1 atT..r.K t!:. -iifr. inc ...1 r. ,.1 L'.Mraiitc.' tor the piirc-i ami • I- , , „ ihtv. Only do not tuse) thw freedom as a' starting point ta hasis of ..iKrali-n-i for itpiii!;;'.'nrf ..t __the flesh, but through the e\. r. i-e ami oltu cs .if love be the slaves of one another. The .t.v; ,■ ( \, V) ami i-,-. I A. R. \.) of the F.iinli-h vcr-i..n- l . l t" hriiii: out ilie tine para.i-.v .'t I'anl. He ha- been ,,1,'a.lmi; for fr. . .1. .m. i 'I'l IT' l'-tmH ajaiii-t v!.i\. ry i iv. — lii.n m ( i.r'M are m> lorn;, r -Iin.-. lut s,,n-^(iv. -! ; .111.1 alter wmmiii: I 'l' "s "iir tv..M'|in. il,- r.'.l'i.-, - i'-. to slavery a.:;ain ! liis 1, ,v;',r, not t.> an .'s'.rnal l..u. i, ,; 0:1.' .111. 111. r. I !i.' -,i\. ry m-pirr.l Iiy . ';,■ ail"! uoikiii'^; tiir.iii^li i '\e, i- the triu'-t expi. — ioii of in . .''.11! It is ;i very .l.iriiii; and mi^;;.;.'-! u e -.a'-a.loN. It is un- |..rtniia:e th.it tli.r,' .1... ■ if't exist Ml |.-,,„l,.i, a ^'.'i-.l w!ii.-!i a.leiiiiately repro- .huv- the llisoi of Soi^oy "Servant" iS .I'sMM. tlv t.>.' niihl. ■' lioii.lservant is nn- l,,m-Iiar; ••>la\e" i- p'-haps rather too -.iroii'^: hnt the po'iit ol 'li- ,0 '-Him' nt is I.est hroiiL'ht out hv the l i-' v -i'l. 14 For the entire law is i r ever (jurf^ fulfilled in one word, namely this: "Thou shalt LOVE thy neighbor as thyself "--th.- neiuiih-.r h.-m-.: •.'••''••j.s priniarilv tlu- ^.■;lo^v i hri-'-,:n. ; - the l...',-..i..'l.l .'I t'lith- • t'h'. \ " "1 th- huhl ot .K-->-i' p.irahle U-t. j-iil- j.(!T). a'l.l of r..ii!- t...'!iii!vr .-.-t to-- 'li>- '"' \,„i\- lather to what 11 im ui- iiiui to Ch. V] GALATIANS. 15 But if vv liite m.d devour one an- otlur. t.ikr lucil that ye be not consumed one of another. . ih This I say then. Walk in the »]?'"'• and ye shall not fulfil the hist of the Hesh. iiul 17 For the flf»h li!-fe»h ..^1 - Spirit, and t!'f Sfint ik; t!..- t'u lhe>e are ••••"tr.iry !hr ■■!.• ■ ' . " that ye cannot di> the ihmts- lU.it vv would wli.it It s.iv no! |o 1'- mdiM.lu.iI ..r din.ince-, liiit to it> imii.-.t s;.irir. .i- cx^ i.n^M'd in it- iii-^t "'oini-ir- iSl lluir .,.111- a rriimr.-- irnv-c IkTi' ol till- li.ullillK ot JiMl- ( M.it. \M !(..(<" iu'RI" '''-'t love vv;f! thi -.H-rrt .ind cciit.r of "the law an.l the ,,r,,|,li, "--prartn-.dly : -the whole UW I ist.m-.iiit, i!v tin KK.ili>t lf law oUKht to tu- kept (v»r. .^), yet it cannot he kept u l. iii. 10): hut hy Cliri-I - In e man it can be kept, for e^-l.•llll.llly he keeps it in serving his liretliren in lo\.- The cnnipiiNion i~ mr.rr. n-' out. r I Im- freedom from the liw. uhi.li u ~" easv to caruMi lire .1- l:ctiur. turn- oul ••> be a fiiltilnuni oi thr i.iw - in lo-.c_ There i- ~!i> ti a lliuii; a-> " llu- Ij:<.- ot Chri>t '■ c, i. -■). , - , ^ 15. I'.ut ll'i- iiolil,' ideal ot lovinir. mutual . . u ,- \. r\ t.ii fn'iii L. iri; attanu'il in liiliti.i. iii Urd the ciiiiMos.r-y introilnciil \'\ tlu' .lu.iai-t- hail n n.l. red it practu-.illv inip' -Mliic. and wa- luildinn fair to nun 'li. ir l^-nd of Cliri>lian lir..'.hfr- hood. But if. m-K.i l of Ji-T'iu' one an- other, you aiiwrilv bite and Miai> at one aiiollur. lilvi. VMld iHM^ts. and delilierately devour one another, take care that you be not destroyed by one another. I he pa-ions inueiuUred by party «pint will lead to -■<■). T!u' iMi- u'lM i- Tfi' -not '.. iit.iv i!;-' ll,--ll I MT, 1 ; I' ll ' ■ ol.. V ill. t.lU .'t I,,\<.. ili,. l.iw t!'i-t. tin iiiipuK.- .1 tlir -pin'. riii- paraui.i|ili iHn.-'r.itcs what 1- nu.int l.v the life ot tlie tle-li, ill- lite of tl'..' spirit, and the eontlict between 16. What I mean i.-p- dly l>v the «.,i!'inv ! ' n- i_ ! ri-i--.n :!icrt\ a« ail r ,.-1 - ;. ,!i I ■ I. '1. 11. ViT l.> 1 tM« ■ Walk by the SPIRIT, under its K'lidinv; aii'l directuiB lutltieili-e. .in't in 1 i.edienre t" -^-n!! will !h- lliat your walk ihr. n«h !>f.' will be a truly .((•!• -.lu,!! . ti.'t a , .irn.j/ one, aMMfcdiy t"** Ml) you shall not accompli^ the dmm^ of 'he flesh. Ih s w.i> one of the iilli niiti- ohuvts of the ninltiplied or.linan.es of the |i«i-!i l.nv — t.. h .Id in check the de.-ire of the tl.>h. hnt the p«iwrr .ic conipli-h it «.ts l.ickmn What 'h.' strove uii-iicce-sfiilly to to. cm h.- ■! iie by th.ise who w.i's in ihr .«'■ '.■,' I' i- in- tcrcsiinK to ^< e h.iw pr. .f. •■■r..llv clhi..il i-- the coni i-l.'i'.n ol tli. -p i t ih it n..\i r!!s In 1 l."r Ml tnis «!' . - - w.i- co!n<;w.l raill.T - .: p u.r pi.. .^!n niirac.il. Ills ,iiid ecstatic itlrct-: lure n !•> •he -.ourec and iiispiratmn of the in«>r.il l;fi'. 17. I he pow. ' - t tl' -li 1- t. ir- . . ,,11.1 it . Mil 'n!> ! ■ i.\ . ; I till- - - n.^r p. ..M r ..f the .li.iii.' -poi' I he hle-h .^'..int at. !i'Te i.»i>.iu»i! ix- Ills iorct> 'i.-.if (.ft;!- ■ ' the ma- t.!v witlrn the >.• :! of tl- in for th«« is a conflict of 4Mif«s. the flesh axainat the apirit, and tkt spirit again*! tlw flesh — for these f rces are in .!■ ' op- position to one anoA«r. d ne .,ht>ct • I thi- o|.ii..^.i_ to prevent your doing the thing* fou would i.i Koin. ) It 111!.-' n..i ' f .f.-. 11 '.hat altlii.ii-.di -in -'' \.!-. - !■> -■ it' \|.! --.d ill ;■. 1!. r.il ••■1U-. I'l'l h.i\'- .1 .'11 |.; ;, i' -i', ' : ■ \ .hr.H ih- . ■ '., Ul tin- 111 iii-t.iu. . , ■ ' th,- 1 . ,11- I -'i-.l ;. ; - ]>■■'. I I lie> .il l'. .1' 1' - ' me i -pr c ,,'K. Ill .1 -t ite . ! uii-t.tM.- . .I'lMiirunii. -o lo -p.-.ik. .Ir.iui' ■':!•■ \\av i 'h.' -P"". m I v 11 1.' ^nn. and tl; it v\ i\ l.y the :!i'^h. with wha-h they .ir.- lu int; rei^lit l() .;; iwu '' . ir iiidi avor^ ( tu i' lv..i !i I itlthuii. . pi.irii;.^ the oilur 11. .Ill ..'uint; ' ;.v t il! f iir. Attd - • ill' re ' dly. liii- .!. -11,- t.. niduk'. 'he •• t!. -li ■■ hv 1I..111K ,m1 i- iirl.l m .-h-.k " •. 'h.' r. 'railiiii^ ! ililluence of th.- "-pii •.' ,,' I ih.- .l.--ire t.._ I war.!- h> tlii- .Iryjr ,1 u« iiilliu n.-.' ..f the 'le.-ll .\s ifa tni.iii- iii ."./cr ih.i' 1 and not ' s<' tli il 'he r<-!ilt '- that yo-i ■!<. n,,i do the tlnnv ■ yn ^m'hM " ' m in this i l.ti' ■< the ■ ■!.■> i"! ■ 'il ■ ,.lip..-i'i. 11 ih-li .i:!.l S''r' ' th.' ui-h I . .'■ , ' h.- c ,rri,.i .lui I : ' ' tle-h -l:..ul.l 1" r.--ir nil. .| !.\ <'.:• -pi' -' I- in1ellii;il.I.- 1- .1 .hvine (.up..-. . ih.- .it.iection lliat th ■ k.iii\. t-e \ .iiUi imply OALATIANS. ICii. V tinu- \>A-'\. tli.u t!ii'v uliii-li '1" itiiiiK'^ !-!t,ill III 'I in'" ' 1' 'ill' KitiU'l"!!! • I < !• ■d. r.iit till- Unit !!"■ .>rir-.t i- l'>vi-. .y. pi .n-. . ItniKStltTcriuK. sjcntU-tlcss. gixnl iK r.'it if \c I-.- 1. il "f t!;>- Spirit. >f an- lint llil -h u:.l, M . aM,v,„.m an.! ,,11 v,„i |., i..i> , .1^ 1 li.n. al-. I-M V II ni ! „,,.il ...iuTi.li..ii ..I (."'l i- .in-«. r..\ !_.v ' -tii jir... !:.- .:. as 1:1. JJ. Unni N. tS.; ^..^ sorcery • I t ... iG. But if it is by the spirit that you 1 ]^ l.l-l.i'iv SI!..... Ill A-ll . ..,,111 ..| ,h\iM..:i i:ul l.;.-l'..n iv:r.. are l-tme led. you are not under the , i.<.l l \ n. i ^ law. Umn ^Uc .P'ri;. ^vln.l. u..rk, tn-n — — „ 11. i, tl 1 Ill,, I ' ""!•"••-•• "' ti , hu , u. :.r. ;-\ 111?^ 'I'l'!' ' " •1 ',!i ,.1 :t;. \.,:\. w.lli jr.- fr.i. It . Nil rii.il i"< 111-. .. Awvj. v,. ->- A;.-.-. 111. we I',..!!-, l.iu ail'l t!.-li ni.i\r m Ui'' "1' ,,t , v'. .r"! < u-'i. ill i'- "wn 1. I l'''^' ■' 19-21. Ill w I'. :i''- '••■mr.iMr.t ,■ M il.-^iU'.- >il l!i>- iH'diuis ..I lik' lU-lil\ u ./.-ii ! ' lU !i:ii'-i- >n-, l':r-l ;u I-.--. aiT. I'liii.^ ti.' ni L.ii- .1, with en- mities, ni.>ri- I'.ii 1 ■ ■' 'i"! strife an. I jealousy, an^ry outbursts. an". divisions. jM , li.-^illy parties, ami outbreaks of envy. I lit 1 Iif li^t i- iln-.il 'ly sms ,,i mil iipi r.iiu c. drunken debauches, revellings. and such like; ilil. r-' as liiis li-i it i- iiiilv !\siii-.il. n>'t r\' Of these things I tell in advance i l,i-f,.ro t!ii' .!a> I'f i >l ' ' ' ' as I told you .•ilri.i.!\- nu i~ t.' I,, I. I'M. that those who make a practice .,,1 ,1,.. Miu-i -il lit.- uliu-li .,ii~«Vr. ..nc, iof such thinus as these shall not inherit 1! c ■ lil,> rt> ■' of thi s|,;!l'. 1, ;..!(1 therefore tbiv flesh, winch ..|" c-our-e li.r iimm \\ii.' \\;ill>- l,y iho spirit u'il lU't .-k-c .inil iv.r li.i !- Mu- cat viii h.itli are obvious — ■ m- ..i .1! .'H'l p.eia-!v perk.M . m i'mI ['■■ .v.. k.miaii «..rl.r They are these i i -n i;> (.Inidr.l into nr i-r.^npO 1'. u:tli K. \ • w<- oniil mir,/> v 1 ' «■"" ' ;' cu-u ,n '!ir..n.:li - r. - mm . , . , , lu \ il"-:- 1 . l.i' >iu.:'.:tii-;ir' ;. 1 ii- iM.jli. -in- i;„,,r|r:'v i'l':.- I'll"-' III '■'■'i'"- K,,in,,M u..rl.l. . \. 11 tnoro peiiiap- than in ,„u~ ill, ', hail U..I! this hali lul pn > r.n n, ,uv I b. l-">l'i'!''- ,,,,|,, all tk M i- .ii.i"'-<'l t.. -pint : tlir „,„U. -.1 i!i.. I'a-h arr. a- thi- h-t shous, ,„it .onliiu .1 1.. -intiil ..'^^v arK l.nt ,1 i. i„ -ins ,.f inipiiri'v t'lal tlu lli-h CX- pre-.e- i' U n' ' ■ •ict.ri-'i>all\ : fornicaiion. uncleanness (a inure .-lem ra! \mm.Ii. wantonness (shame- less niiKeenev. prohal'lv here in sexnal re ,!„■ \\,.rk- ..t ill. l1. -Il jii,. ,,1 ilie I'ni't. l!u- . ■ ! ,T iiii; ri al'lv h> []•■ ciill:.'! ile- .1 ,1 M r 1," Ml -ii II., lal tirnis h .i .,„r,. 1 tl;a' I" ;:ii '1 ' - H' 't call litem I's I ver. le.it /'»•'. Work- are ..,-;a;ei! in thi- i i.'-tl, lallier with the t ,u ( ii. I'O aii't the ;l.-!i, hilt the C"\- 1. , l:\e Iniir lu re i.- pv rliaj.s mteiiileil to ■iiiL;, -t "the inner iinit.\ u! the fruit- of ill,, -piril in cuntr:;-' ihe \M.rk- ot" tlie lle-h whieh -prniK ir' .il 1 \i ., III till- Spin'. j(. Lit us iiMi 1.,- ,|.sir..,i, ..I v.iinul rs. 1 IIkhiimn, :i .i 1'.m:i v tliU.-n iii .1 j.-...Mkiiii{ (itu- aii'itlur. t-iivyinn om- an- l-in'.t, \i- wliuli arc -pirit:i,i.. t. -( f'- mi. Ii j i.ilur. i : .\ic ill '^o « !). • i W 1-. I I llll'll.l I '1 - l' i!..,t il;. :1. 'iiiiiniirH . i slarimn-P"'"" "' • ' ' And a> llic pine ..n l l"iu: ci)ntr.isli-i| wi'ii ! .iii'l ' ■• ' ' jti) meekness, a , m.h; -'U ii pn sM.^n. ami temperance, h i. :;'!-!. tra^U'il null ihi' -ifi* 'I rl.> ,i| i';. ..'' .! li-t Aj;amht such I, : . ; :■ . :i '..■< • ' ' there is no law: im i-ati In;' i." .li.iru'' .,-,111.-: Mu!i. .i!ul ili(rc'ti>n- m a ■iH , vsi •' ,1 '1, r, lit IV, tr. in lli.it ill \\i " 'i ll^ ' \\..ril^ uit. ;>rii Im I'Ti', tiuti "I I'ni' >pii;'. ;in- ■ ii..! 1111.1. r tin- laA " (\.T. iS). Til.- i-;i><- Is prnvul. tliiii. that Taul's liturlv tl.H S n..i U'a.l to iiiilii.'fali'y ; liu " ~pir- itital " nun k.rp llio l.iw in t!i, il.ip. -i sfiisc lit all (ff. \< r. I »). ' ! i- '"i - thiT pri'\.(i iriiin .■iii..ihiT )."r' "i -i a: and those who belong to Christ Jtsusia lit. ,.i crucified the flesh— wl-.n iii p" '^in-. .n \i tism thfv entered iiU" i.ll. 'u sliip \' 'th il,.-.- \.:-. - Him ( R.ini. m ( i - with its passions .1 i .ii !! . i t..i and desires. ni.-"l.,iiil • l.i-.f.s . " !■ -ii ' i. Brethren ar.l -IM- : ,N ... .1. .. .!,. .1. U ■ . : i-iiit " . ■ !'!,■• . • -ti. iiu t ,|s .1 \t iat !• .11 ut IM I ., - A t. • inii:, . -■•!,. I-; 111 a t h' !-I:aiI - i 1. .ililpl.tii .! .It the — t!a- ■ I -11 ,.!,.,,i;v, a' h ..-t. 1 1'!.- :\rv:v. i.t I . t ;!.(■ ..t ("mi-!. lMil> I !lalr.;i'iv. l:\ -T .■ ■, ,i;ly !:ii!!.cl II' ( iiri-t, iK iii. " ; Ill-sail s !!.,-\ h i-a.i...l Ills .!,atii; . .-ii. .'la 1-. a- v., ii a^ ..1 I--, is I'Mn-ilii .1, a., 11 ! . i; ti-i- til-. • i' .1' : 1 \ I |ia-v a,-.-i ;■ . .1 i !i; ■ t.v.i \, I , - Ian... - I ii.'s t1, iiiv p.,- -- •- - : .1. --1^ 1 a - w. li.i . ati.i ||... I.;-, V • ■- t-Muf.. r. .1 ( ,,. i.,u |, •M-.itipli. iiilv '••^ti I .■•-11.11 It' ■■ .,, -i:. ill 25, 26. If. li - a. l' . |i. il I- 1!. .1. rm li. 'l. .-iial it is by the spirit i"-'->i ;iii- pii.itii- III ill-.-.- u':.. .-.r, 1 ilif! !<■ ;!a -11 th, • ■ -. 1-^,.- i r - : - a , I -,l ! 1 . 11 lia.i M- n. -u. .iiul ill -irv s an- iK .n r al . l.,..fi. fr.-iit > I,- i;iliiiiii« I'l till- I'.ll.nMiii; p.il ..ui .ipii. .S. , a;/ aitj /"..'-. ■■!>• ■- i;- t\ I \ 1 r <• 1 Th.- o.mtr.i-i I.. ".' 1 .11 '■ . 1- .1 lite spirit Wis i-\|,!..-i.l ill l a 1.: ■ i^riipl) W ilil 'll-; h 1. a!li, a'l.l li. -all .i-a!^ ■■• V I ; 1". ila Iili- lit 'ill spr r-...ii in n,. 1 ' - '\ irci. 111. ill. Iia-i I 1 1 '1 la 1 ili., ■■■ 1 .1 - 1 ; i..,n ; - - a;,- ...a.ill - - It. .1 i ll. I )ii-i>i;r,iiiiiiii^ 11,'! v h.i .1!.- -p iini.il " ill tiiiK 111 wiarii 11! I 1 -• vi.ul , ; -, , . ,■ .a i.-ii ,-\ .1- , 1- l.f . .1 ' an. .1- : a 1 Vi\ .:■ at- ■- . - t ..t l ii- 1.. . - ; if a man be sa.l -.-I S ! i).p. n aa^ lia- il- I overtaken '.v ! as r.il'a r liaai ' a . ./ -n 1 1 tnia in II- tliati ■■ 111 -1 till ■ ;i o .I'll St I \ I."*. -. Till- " -1 ".i:u raj' -iiir i.-,-.l in a lira '1 : , • !,\ a la r " - ■ in^ t- . '••• m 111-,') in some transgression, you who arc spiritual li. -.n..!. ; ■ . . , ,.t .^.Hi clans, s) that we are livinR. i I' ai • 1 v 1 set such a one right. It 11 I, tlh- '^iiiiln-'-; pi. war .a .! pr itaip'.- ! ' • > 'n' t.- 1 ,,i luir liM-, by the spirit let us aa.rL-jii-;r ...a-.a-a i-'a- pi-!-sn.,-iw lii.m if In- liail lis. 1! ilu- anpar- j 111 M ^ . 1. '■' , •■_ also walk 1 . i mi I'.t.ispmt of meekness. The i.nt. r hfo tn-i-' .- .■' -ii.-ii'l l" till 11111. r faith iniist i-\lir, -- .: .li ( vcr. (.1 111 pr.-u (1, ,• In \ '.s, ti.i tl.aiia, par'U. i-t t'. f,,,aa,a aal ,i i \ ; -1. .•; - . f ula.Il hi !i.i> 'l. f In- i-sj"; '1 1! "I 1 ;,,.,| ,., (>., r. in clu-. s lia a- | ! ■• ..T - .'. '.r- ' 'ai- s|.. tnm -a I'll tlu- wnnl-; let US not — li'-a tla-M pr |,,.|a.!-. f,,r t-x.uniilc. !• ' ii.ar-.i! tn.. "t tla- -larit (.alalians. In oriliT to !••• ..-"r.-.l l-y tlt.m jto vah nai.a • : • ■'• - ji. ■■■ 1- - 1 — become 1' a 1, t!.', ■ v ' ■ ".vti IraiMv: considennv; th.yseU, lest p' 'i .,, t, St . THOU also be tempted •• • ••• coveters of empty honor, t!i.aii \ chal- 1 'i r.il. tin- ••iic'i a t-ii| lenging one another 10 si' .', ai .1 . nt. in i/. s tin- am" .1 tii.n. .iii.; .1- Is n.-itia .' to tl.- envying one another. ; the work- of thi tUsIl i\; t it-ill i 11. ill- alil.il t ill II man tliiist i.-nii-iiilirr iri V, , iii-i o-A 11 tr.iity i.f \nc :iii'>iIiit'- IninK-ns, and to fulfil the law of Clir.st \ For if a man think liini>flf to be sniiuiliiiiK, when he is nothing, he decei\ «ih himself. 4 But let e\ery man prove hij own wnrk, anil then >hall hi- have rejoicing in If akmc, and not in another. 5 l or every nun shall bear his own li\ir(!i-ii. (I l it him ill, it 1- t.niKlit ill tlif \\>>ril I cominiiiiioair unto him tliat Icaclulli in all I good things. . w/Mi.t liimM-il, ami his own liahilily to tfm|)lation. 2. Kvirujiire (/p«iff«r« ; Imlh tlli a ? the aoi . imp. {uim, arc well attiMiil ) ht IjW of Christ. .•\s in V. '"'<■ ivtoiher is I'liipliain:. 'I'iic law 111 Cliri-t is a stntal law n C.-n-iilir^ "lliv iial iiiliTiirrlaniiii "T llial law, imii"~< 1 \^ > ' <■ a '"Mike wlmli iii-nlur .'ur l.illicr^ lu'i wciv al.K' I" li.ai '■ I AiM- w M). i t. I nUo .\i. 4()) ar.il ■■ 11 -rviiK.l V I" tin.' ll"lv .Sfinl .-iiid In ii> III l.i> HI'"" ■ "" .'^''^■■'''■r buniiii " ( \iis \\. .'S. ,1 i..i--.il:i- wliull tliniws ;i \ir\ iiiU ri -i ini; snli- IikIh "H our mtm K n'nl llir <•! (V/iij-/ lliri'ws 1.- i,..t till- l.iir.lcii ol otri'nionial, lint llu' liiniK ii 1.1 lu limiK 'ho ollior man (ci. I (.'.a- X. siicli a man r.^;. as is "iiMr- lakiii liv a iransKivssion." ihiuiKh . lie borne, ^hared. hy those who arc ■' spirit lal."' and that i> h,.w the l.iw of tVirwi is fiihill. d. This was the law nf II i^ life, wlm " i our intirmilies. and lure our disi.i^- (.M.-it. \iii. i;). I he /ij:e of Clin>! , alter 'lie claliorate pi.l.niic ai;ain,-l tiu- law uiiich has eliar.i. i. ri/i'il tlie epi-!ie.^ this phrase C..1IU S with -uperl. etTed t.. iin^t. too. Ii.is 111- l.nv a> a^ M"^c-~, ' n il is the law .'I Live, -pini, ii..t an ..I .Iiiiaiice. ■'Wlu n tli..ii l.iy. -t \ip..ii me l!h' sense of . .1 'li).;al ion. iliii m' m.'i' ''""> si'i'ist my spirit tree " i(..'..i^i' .\l .illies. .n I . 3-5. (.'..lu.it iii.i\ K-i.l .1 man 1.. jiliU;.- his II. ,L;lil-r l!.ii-i:l\ 1 \<'r, 1 1 an. I L' " fiisi- t.. s'lij,,, Ir- liMiiili; siieli i^iivi-il :s ill. I s,„v:, , ,,i ,v, d,\. r:' 'n. For if a man thinks he is something, when — as this \rrv i-.'ii.-. 11. it' n..tliin« else, shows- he is nothing, it is himself that he is deceiving. But let each man — nistead of looking willi o.mplaeeiicy or coiitenipliimis l.itv at Ins weak neishbor — put his own work to the test: (a) his own work. achievement, and (h) his ouii work, (a) The important tiling 11 not what a man thinks ahoiit hini-,ell — in ili.il he may In- urievously deeeived — hut what he has i/ en. I hy thr.iwin« rii> 'i •nun 'wck -iti- n his iiiiiividiia! rcspi, sj^ility. A -leen kiiowhil^e of self sh.,iild • .'Il us once humility and -vmpatliy: it .'odd ' - '. up all self-deception and cone ii. a.'.i si'iid es forth witii eager hearts ami a; s to !■ Itit tliL' Rri'at -.ocial "law of Chri-i 6. Mils V -rsc gives a sp.-. i.i! ■ <■ ' o tile law "I social ohiii;ati. 'ii en j .,isi eil iMrlier ill t'. >' p.arnur n ' Let there be a communion between him who is taught the word, i..- the K"spel. and htm Cu. VI] OAI.ATIANS. 7 Rc not dfceivcd; C,(h\ is not tnockf- in well «!••- fir what»'H'ver a mnn soweth, that shall | in« f. r in dm' »».is«in wo shall rrap. if we \h- aN < ro.ip | f.nnt n -t S I'.T 111' lli.it -owrtll h' lii>. llf^ll sIkiM' 10 A- «<• Ii.'iv.- tluT. t. opixirtiimtN . (if till- t't^li n .i|i f ■rniiiti"n; but lii" th.it !, r <|.i k'""! •"' " i l>-' i.i''» ^..u.tli I., til. S|iirii >hall of the Spirit un; ■ tliem who .irc of tho ho'iochi'ld of reap liic iMTlasimg. f.iitli who tMchci ' good. The English tran-il.iin'ii iii .1// K'-_ v.iev;.-' iii.ni .r :\ iii.itcri.il things, ami tin- 1 ■ ;i . ii. ' ir i.;.-!! l.v the tran^lati.'ii ; " 1> 1 lii^n i.mj^lii ,-|.|iiiiM('ii. '.lu- ulii'lr li. Mi^; 'li.ti iiiti i pn ii'il an a.lni.inMiiiii I., 'lu- ( ■ i!..; i.ir.^. -\h-\) a- I'iiul v;a\o t.v llu> ( .iKiliii.ii;- 11 l',,r. i\. Ill I" .Kal m'ni'r.iii-l> in ni.il.ri.il tl;:iiL:» Willi I'li-.-ir sinritiial ti-.irliir- I'.ii! AOII'u'ltlV llU.lll^ t.l It 't I" "C'lll iniinicalo " ; 1.. -. ..;i l :. .' I- >. Muuli.it alTUiil. 1 iio IMiHit 1^ ili.it ill. re nni't In- a real ri.iii niitnity ..f i lliii .il Milrn"-t In twi in li .•iflu r> (ilu- \\..ril iiniilif-; oral, catcclu-tual. in- striKiiMii ' ami UtiiKht ; a:ifi il nl !! that the ri-latiiiiis Ikuvm-ii I'aul .lii.l i > (i-tlati.in p'.iinU lia'l Im ii iniixTill. <1 1>\ liio Jmlai/iT^. Tlitro wire ni.iny " ./ thins-" in which llic piiiuK woiiM \\" iontiiT share if thiv li-lfni'd to the Miltio- tive arKiini- nt-. ..i li> . 'I'Ih 'M< n!>. 1>I ..-■iMr-^ tiie niunK'i..n iiuiilinl !•> \\.^- i-..;n tiuiii tran-lati.in is qinii li nii.!i.- .i~ a_ | en ■■p- i"ii .iH'i hi.- ' (U-diicliim from tli-' Kcin-ral (.rin U'K. If i;\'ii :ii v^-rM. iiinriiiits .•! i 11 ;;nal 111- l"r r\. r. ll. . j.'. r 1 ... :.. r ail'! I'liinN. tlu- ilu- il i>. ''v • Ivi)> N u.;i : tlu' t. ,1. ' ■■ n-t m'thin-.- hii! , st'lY'T ill li-l" ' "t niatiM..' :•!- •■. \-jt" -ii -«■'■■ - • ,1;, ., |, ,1 ,:l..l.-.' • i. I ;h. ir !■'-■ -. « l...olur -|>ir'-!-d iK.ii^-. Ill' i '>m'"1 i"'t In- 1 1'^ "''..1 !■ ' uiij;.iiri . '1-. Willi tluir earn... I I i ;!1. .Ck.-ll - I 111 \ .lll,|.i\ . I, f w- ;i. For whatsoever a man m;ws. that .111.1 i:--'iiiiK .1 shall he also reap. I'.-i. 111 th. its' mi-i, it i- I I---, • ,,• , / 'Iliii ■. . -1 'li.it I'aiil I. .K . ■ i i 1; . .1 th.' 1'. -!l .,11.1 tlu' v.'ll I lii, For he that is » swing to his 1 own I tlesh, shall from the flMh (■> wiiu-li lu- i> Miwiiii;. reap corruption i..r ll. sintiti iw. while he who is tow- ing to the spirit shall from the spirit to \vlm-!i lu- is -..'Miii;. reap life eternaL It is iii.'-lhlo .iinl U ;;:lmi.iti- 111 thr "^.iuiiii4 to lh«- ti<->li " a ni r IK. t.' . ir- .--•nn-i^i. 11. aiul iii.iri- i;i:i. i..il\. l.. llir . .r.h.iiam-. s nf _|i>.i;-!' i.n\ . hii' it is 111. .re ii.itMral ! ■ im M''." ' i'. -h " and " spirit ■■ !.. tc in lh<- h. '-' - t 'h. .-.it.il. .i.:iR- of H . n -I ( 1 .11' it i~ nun. tlun- I- .1 r. ..1 ll , , ! hi 1 U I I tl hi. t ■ ! I ■ > Tlii Law tU, ll,tr:,st i vi. 10 1 7, 8. l.iU.- t!,. I'.i'-I. miu-ia:i\ . 1- V- I) r.iiil h.-l.K tli.i! ill' r. arc lir.i )«■■ v..i-- of llfi.- — the way .,| tin- tli-ll '. ih-- \av of l!a- spiru; and in-: i.. l-.ri h.- . dds his postsi-ript, in a few clear, sliaq* M-ntencts lie sluAVs li..". sure ami in.\i t;:l)le arc the laws llial >;ovcrii the d. •■!! . f men. according as ih.y cIuh.-. ti , . way or the other. Tin nl- . - wurke.! out under the ti!.;nrc oi sn-l .it ,! har\e-' Nleil will r.-,;i. .iiid what tl:. ---.^ 1 here a l.i.-l.'uv !.> Ii'iK- "i i^u-'U this, hm do not deceive yourselves; GOD is not mocked i ■o.k-, a }.;rai)liie V .r.l: lit. "tur;i up th.. iiose at "J. Men nuck tT T in \- ' a! 'h.- li' ll--. • li.it •h.ii i!-.- - u.i;-.-.| .11 In.- r \- .rr.'i.tihl.-. . -M 1 U- .--Ml,:-?. !!l,i'f - It ,;. V , u, /. -11. 111. ill -M.-.v-. ■■I I . Ill .-on • iv>.\\; .! 'he tl.e II I l.-;r- i, I'i - --"oci 1 !:<• ■• •'. -'1 •■ -o whi. h ti- : s il.--ei ii.r.l a- /ll v ■ r tra-t w itli ■■ I'll ! " w i and Ii--re is in rli.ii - a --ny ■.. -• .. -n .-.irn::! ht- i- e--. nil, ill;. .1 .>. ,.',". '/ . " -!-ir:! ■ ,1, n- 1 9. ('..iifr.'iiii .! .1- \\.- .Ill- l.\ I'll- .h.-:iil alJern.it:\ . . in doing what is noble, let us not be faint-hearted, for . i !~ ; in due season, a' lii.- ,-:. :!;;:■ 1 ' tne of ( i ' I - .■"inim:. wc shall reap, if we do not grow lax i. m -v.ll .l.'inj;. l-'.iilh !"■:■• ,, '.- ( \ ! Ill /l. f' ' \- '.A " I'l.in tiin-l hear .n I r. '■ .1 I ^ ll IT,- h\ .111.1 l',.'!. •;. ■ 10 So then, m itli f. -ih ii e..ii. h!-!i>n ih. uiiole 110 ■ -. .i-iM .i.'i'i' .--ell-e, i>l ■■-woriiU..n.-'-. 111.. r'aiiil'- r ( '.-I l.iinlv 111 .niy I ...i No man ever 264 iJALATlANS. [Cm VI I • Vr Ii.nv hrui- a Kttir I liavc ' \.\ F..r m-.ll.. r llu v ilu-n.vdM- "1... arr wr:!.n iiM'.. wi'h im;u- i.v.n li;iiul. , i-ir.iiim-iM .! j. ili. -"^ ■ \s Mun) .lolU' t.. .n.U- !.,ir I vMi c.,cunui>c.l. tl...t tlu-y iiuy bI-'O .-.Iv in the tl''-l>. iIkv nmvir^iin vii t.. I., in >>'iir l!f»h. . o:nii-i-iI ttuy vliinihl mUJit ivun.'ii t"r tiu- ir.-^ >'t CliriM. I .,r, ,,'.,,1 ,.i,Tir-lK t'lnl ll'' !ll<' l!"-!" 1 ! '. '„.'.„. , I ■ ,r U"-;- . ■ .1 .1. •liuMi..M 11 !n llu- ■^■-1"' ' -ii,- «..iU that - u. ^ — iH ithcr u.tk.s.'I , , ; , 5 I ati\ •■'ih r liiH ln'li ''^ p. t-, ll !''.f i\. ' 1 .I'l'i lii'iK tii-i-iu-i- t" . ; n. .It h .1-1 I'l " nil wiioiii it I ■ ' .',„i-:ii ' uii.. > "Mt.K I ; an.l lln' M-i"ti an. I . , , nr !i"t"' "I vMirlil tii"'i I i < "I" I' "if' -ri'i' til"' «1' I- li> ,1,1 uilli "III- ni'i;iit wti-i' "'ir li-''i.U liml t" ,1,1 111 ihi-. In proportion, tlun, as we have opportunity c'ihi, i- a i. r M>\MtiL' a- vwll a- ioT n >.inic won! a> 111 VI r 1)1 let VA do that which is jrood- - "I'll ll iii. Ii:'! -. ' '' 111' ^' nnu h tn.'f l' ■n. i>l" ' ' ' ' ^' i- ' to all tiu 11 ; t.'i till L ' " "1 llu' |M ui'f 1.1 •!.. 1 I'll-". ,ti I.- lia- .1 . 1, - ili 111 tini\i r~a! - - and esp Ll uly to those that are of the house- hold of faith; i."! ili""- \' '""^^ '" i.i:ili." m an , I'lntiw -i n-i'. !• i' ' I"' liiM-rN" all wliii. -Iiariii'.^ tin vvik M, r.,i.- «)! luitll. fiirni. a- it ucti.-. a hiii!>ili.'l.l .1)1 i.iiyr.f.-t l\'sls,iit't (vi, Il-'Si ,\t l^li^ iH.nit, I'aiil tak,-« tlu' luii fri'in tin- i-.in 1 ..' hi-- aniatiiKii'-i^ l"i" li"-' "a-- j„ ;',i i.f ll . aliiii; lii- K'tti-rs (,-f. ■ U..I1I x\i. .•->>— anil ail'U in his own lian-l a fi'" \' ' • ^>''i^'' iiiamiitici-nt i.n -- ■■•"1 V'-'Vi-r. tlu' tiai-lmi'^ "1 'I', ',.' . ni-lK'. I', rliap-- li.' r, rcail l''.- I' ••■ - 1 ■ ' 'i ' 'I'l''"'^ \v..'il-. an 1 tV..' "i'"l^ V' ' "I , ,,l iMIllr Sa.-k il!i"ll ■ I'll ■■'^•1 11 i.\, rulul'iiinii fiTi-r. ' i -i'lv i'.n.i!\ -..'.^r uliK-ii niin'i''ti:ili-l> I'l' - ,.,.'..! ii .'1 i,"r .lii\'ii n I'-'ni 111- hiiim; !k .,-t:i',- tlu- Kailiii'-r tliiMn;lit- ii;,' i;.i-iir 111 :x fi'w sctiteitct-i ot ri'inark- 11. ", • II, Ste, i - with wlnt large let- ters I ani writins to you. 1 U' i- m\ nil'.; .ipiLin nlK I'lilv to tl'.i' po-t -.Tiiit ( vv. 11 i,'' the \vritir< sitjht was iWicc- [\\c (->■(■ I'll 15> "•■>!■ lH'i-aii>-<' If wa>; iiiiiu-ciivli'rn '1 to vvritin.n. Imt in onlrr t.. ..ill -jir.ial at'i'iition to wliat li.' bail t.> say. His wltolc soul kindles again as lit. ; ,ki - (irii in ll I'l'l to jirr-fn! to thr " tool- i h" (...latians f..r llu- la-' tiiiu- tin- trnt;i-. ■ lit winih .-o much dciicnil*. hix^^a. >l'i' ti.lary aun-l, / urft,-. Inun llu- pmiu "t \ii'W of till- (;a;.;|iaii> vsluii r> ,:\<- tin- littiT. till- wntinu I'' oM 1 A' ll I ' untcs till-- i>>-t-iiilit. a- Ik- .im1 , \ vMi!.- a I'.i-' i-.; Kfi'i'tniK or |irn,'li,-li; 'ii (J ilu- 1 iri, I Cor. -XM. .M-J4' my own hand. 12. { »i;r ii;'. n ■ ' • ■-< '1 ''V l'"' ""If" <|in-Mi ' l'|.i'~,u to -im iti'.il I ••:1I1'J-. Ultll i-l"' 1 . •iTl-lU-,-. a-^ til,' coti- ■i\t -'ii'u-. '■ .'1' iiiu-i-i"n. Ill' iiU'iii-- his Iml.u. •.'_: ■.|.p..i!i Ml- These arc th, nn-ii shi) 1 "1 TO, , Mipli.iti, I compel you to sub- mit to circumcision, solely that they may avoid persecution for pnai-hiiin the cross of Christ. In this v, r^i and tlu- next rani ittnbnti's lia-i- niotiM- to the Iml.. it- in -iu-ir ciri-nnii'i^ii'ii lin^paKamb llu .l".' tntU' i>f a (.■nu-itl ll M, --lali ua- di t, -t.iliK' to thr tf. Iru II tor. i. -•.;i. and t"r prrat-liiti'.: llii^ I' l il wa- pnr- ' I s li:- l< 1- u v-i 'inilMtl'll Ultll till' liifir • l:M-tiln\. I 111- Kui-I' (■■;'i;-;ia!is, lo whulii Paul -'I- ■I'.hiil' h. 11-. -1. 1 lo ilraw .'t! ti,.ir ':i' !ii -lU' - t! I'l 1 i-iiti.'il wl.H'li 'la.- a.-,' iH' • ,,t till- .1 iM!:r I .1. |i\ iii-:-t; «' on till- iuiT-- ;\ ■ i i-iii 11! 1.!-' 11. Ill I'll- v-iy. while i.i.iinnally Chr' 'iaii-. llu-y irird to kf,-. ll., l.r.i-r I'l I'.H- J> »!••■• »!.'•••""- ;lu.in- I- 1 - I" l^i' i'l'>"l- L'r,'ll^ ol i " v\ " arilu-,' ai; l , . .nipn.".''-, . anl lh, ir r, !i^i"n M l l' ,-. 'i,.-, i 111 ll V, nil iiii'.liin;-! hctti r ll a;.' ,v,-,..' ' . i! ,. ;,.';,■ !!ir\ carnl iri!.>-h .,1 , , ;t aii.l lit'li- ahonl tin- -r.int. 13. r,;ii lu -iili - co« in'"!.-,- and c 'i.ipro- ini-i' !':.';l cli:it-.i;i -■ tlu ni \\ ith in-iiicn'y ,in.! wini'v; insincerity — for even the chamnions of circumcision themselves do not keep the law but — mid lu n- ih, tr xanitv- they desire to have you circum- cised, simply that they may boast in your flesh. It i- tn'tliini; to tluin u'utl.r tin- (laiatians aro "m \v crialiiri's i . ■ 1-1 or ii.it. i!'.-y aro c.'n.-iTiA d oi.iy ■.■.■•;!; tt! ■,:y to tluni. a ni'W kiratiiioation "t tluir ivanitv t,-t IV i;). an additional p ans uf i'u. VI i <;,\i. A ri \N's. •'.•no ill ' .1 . iM. ■ I !'ri-.t. :i! t mi, :' 'IMlVri'l!!!.- -.v.ilk. ni'iMfiliiii; • • i: , .iiitl nitTc>, .tiul prrniitT.itinir t i. rniifi \!. ■>' »'i ' r ••t\ " 'i 1' ; - •!! .".I 1 \ ■ T-; l!u i I'A ' " M •■ |!t t t;;rv i .H: ■ .' ki- |i It — !'•> It III I t 111. \ < I : tl'.f IS- 'Kitiirr I in urriisinn nor un- ciri umcisK I^ anything;, but miK a new creature ■ ■ , (• -'m i, .-iMvihiiii;. ami th.:* IN 1 X, : r.,i!l 1: .,lr. , l\ > ,.,| 1. 1 '.i raii- I --1 'flli-tllltli! - n ;1 !t. Ii:iv.- iiiilti. I,...'. -..n>- •-. I !■ • ••• • |M' - j ,.r I • •! • Ml „..r,' •• ^ M ,., . ■ 'Iv <■ . ■■ ■ ■ • ' • •, :m.| :■ Ni-- r n-'itlii" - ■■ ;i I ' I' 1 T ■' ■'. Ii.i|>- i'' 111 •!;.>• III. Ill <".iii Ki ■ ;i W'TiN lit r.i"! ' !■' t' i-nli..il i!ity. Ai'lM- 1 • • ■> h.r j. ■•iiMii.' t soHU' inn.iii- iiiM'u . ; !!_\ ; iii^ .-i t l.iw HN 'lu ) ,ir. . tli. y i:"t rciIK .'.i illH.'lt thr I.l'A, lint I'll'v .ll'iilt 1- . p.-l! I. .11- \\\:u-\ limrc >'ii! -:;n i"! i'lr ilm •!• r -Mil. 1% ii'i .in« i.f uiiu-h liifV r:ill 'W it I 'l.i- ■ tin r.ii-', . 1 • - I. iri- till- uiirlii, anil "■ i;]. ii \ ' I "• ! i • • - in t ■ 1 • ■ ' " '. > •^•••1. '!• •> • ; 14, But. - \ ■ - !r:i\ 1 . • r , ' never be it MINE to boast exteiH in ■ ■ ;• the CROSS of our Lord Jesus Christ li ;i-> ' ! - I'l, ■'•ill I-;! ' '■. .ir> iiiiiin - i\t H. '.-m.! I'm . Ill -r. ! . Ill ... ■. : ., , ,| t I' vt ■• 1 - I'll- w . 11 i ! . .| I 1< \ III* !.l >.l!v.l!I.HI. tli:- -t.ill IIU lit I- t V .-11 sir.ii i.:. r (•i«i.iii ,r <■ nn i' ;.>• tlii'l.--ii: I. ,| N :■: r,. , • - -t i- lllf Ci lltrr ■ f ll - I < >' Ut\h ■• .il l- liri-.ii-liii.-.^ L'-r. 1 I'..;r--r 'p .r 1 - .mv 111. .r.- tit,,: tlrtiii-^h it 111' li.i- t-f'-.l -,tl;.i't.ii. I. •! ; lilt- pr.-. ii,-f ,.i 'i- ■■ ill li\ .Ti t! ..-It (if till- i.r.-i n: .\i! wm i 1 ' ( t n. • |'t il, .- u'.:ti 1 i, 4i. I 1,1, i, an i-Mrr.iiici- i! -I'-i; .1. t-i iS.' -li;i . t \ ' 1: i> prui. iiini, T.i thf iinliii.irv l \\ t' ■ r-t itiii; .ti .ill; n. li.utniu' .-I tlic o:..-- wa-. i.;i»; tlit •■. ,• 11 tl:..t ir-ili-i- i.t tlii- .I.- Iiil.i ir-. smiijlit til r-oa;u- tin- i.i!):"'i sr 't «!i:-!i t- :\ nr:,' ih vK, .litTrrciit li mi, niiu ii it i!n-w iiihui tlu ni !n a t.r.>!i;ii;.iiiiia tin- aiHitii. -1- of 1 i\\ lit. ,,...[ . 1-, , ! i . ' ■. ; ■ , , ' ' ' ■ 1- 1 : h -ui ' I.', th.' t f ■ \ •• '.I 1.1- I Ill-l'ltl ■ I t « . ' :!.! hi- a iti . ^ ■ ' '.1 ■ ■.'. Il"i ! ■■ i • . . 1 -•, -i;!. r. 11. ■ I'l ' : ■ ■ ' 1.1 ' II :'n I. ' ■.ill. !. !- •: ■■■■■ .-I'l.-. 1 !»- i\ 'litt::' '11. 1 |..r (ir'.h- .1 til.' jiltl..' .1 I \'|T!I il f ■ ■ > •.<;'.: ,-tl\ 1. ^'■ -1 •••• • t -I - ' ... 111- I, '! . in ta\iir of i-iri-','iiu'i -i. .i . I'.'.it I'.'nl. -.1 I.ir from li.iii- .i-hiiiuil of tlu- i-if-N. or rn-iiiii il, it!, r-i - 111 it ; f'l.r i! i- '!ic tliiiiii .! ilii.li r '111' ol.i .\|. rnal ..rt',. r ..t lh:!i'.,'s. Ih'ri- II " il;t- "uvv .Ti .it 1. .11 " I . .r ■ :iiri'> tli.it I- rtiii- r.i -tt .1. 1- ilii- milv through which to me the world has been ti.t i'j ..f nh iii.i!<- nlii^i -'i- •. itli. ui-h cu ami tvtrn. t n'i..'n- i!>.'l) crucified, tnni M..n .ii..) iiiirir."iii:.'. 1 11 : 111 v, and I to the world. Jow.tt al.'ly viy i- ■■faith o;.. -i t' r "-'1 in I th.it till- CXI.', --10P ■ iniplii--; llio .-. .111- . l .'f \:' p, 1' l.].:.-..! tli. 1-. in Iil.'i'iii-- of I'll' -i'.,.-1 1. . .■:■•! It. ■■ 1 !..- u.. U . 'iri-tl.'ill- I' ' ''Iv ! ■ 1 1. -- .!i.' .|.'A.-!i ■■ rca-i t.) ti\ - .1 1" ■^^ t :• 1.1 l.lM-f .1 ; . • .pi. . Itli* thi frii.-' ' .■i| of .Mir.ili.itii." tcrrifi. . ,r Imrt " ( A.!r!lc\ 1, aiiil lli. rc i. 1 iiaiiu ly tli.'-i' " v> ii.i arv Iiri^i'v." 1 iii ."J ) II...- 1'; 111 '.. u!;'. i i; l-MU II! Im' lulit'ihiT Jew- or (iintil. 1 he plira^i i> i ; t' i (kail lo It Mil- tic: ih i ,1 I'olii'i'tiM.' tk'Mgtiaiioti of ilio-.e who ure 17 Friini lirmi furtli hi im ni.iii IrmiMc iiic : f' r I 111 .11 III my JkmIj- ihtr marks of Ihr l.iinl Ji"-us iK lirrtlirt-n, the utiKv of utir Ixtrd Jesus ChriM he with >-oiir spirit. Amrn. rrKiir •(. .■ 'if tilr:i>l h' (111 -inir wiiuli ».f liIiiiiM lllr < IJll.lll.lll ( llMH ll (V -111. ;tMi| 11 (IIIIKN a» tin- 11 -nil i.i II. > iiH !. \ i>r |nl\. 17. I !ir i ,lllllliii!> IT' ■ iin- ul tlir |ii.|ai/ir- li.i- I'l.ii f. li tiir. 'iiiili' 'nt i!,.- « ii. .|.- I ,; I, . .iii.i . \ ■ n III !i :^ |i,irl iiic \\..ii|.. .i>ii| .illri lIic lin Ml .1' II 'II el iK.iir ,mmI vr.n 1 . {'.ml'-. ;ii!!iil r. i< it- U< t!u- t!..MM' 1! I \ ! iM::-til llllll, anil ' Uk-iIi-'"- «'>ii-titiitt- a ^I'tt of fri>i-> III liff — let no on« trouble me, I'lit me iiinitT the iuf»'s-iiy of " ili li iiiliii« my ;i|>usi' ilic (liKtltty and llu- iliviiic itiilh ••! my mi'-I'iI " (Li|i>m^i. For as for me («■)«» —h-'wivir my op |iiitn iii- tii.iN ll llll tlu ir sails ami -iicct i 'I III .ni'i'l'iiL; ))i I -1 . Ill 1011 — I bear the marks of Jesus in my body, a- .1 -l.iv il'.i -. (Ill .1 !ii- iii.i-ii r "II' ■' - II' I -.iv," •-.i>- I lir\ • t"iii. "'I li.K'.' lull "I . ..(.•.' (i.iiiv 1. IiIm' "lie \\!ii> i- jiii'iiil oi lu- ll. ,|.!iu-" I !u- 111.1! k- i7 7i-.«ii.t iiukIiI III' 111 -lu ll iii.iiIn- a- Ji' 11- I 'lfL-. e. ;. li' in -.■"iir>;iiiu ; I'lil m"U pi ' 'I'.il ■!> it in. ,111 ■ ;!i' 111. Ilk. whi'-li -•.iiii]i llllll a- lulnnmim ill li n-. Si'iiutiiiii li. Ii.i'l ilir ii.iiiii' "I ilii- v;"'l «:iii!ii tlu> wm -liii>]i' •! triil.iil uiii'it lliiiii, .iiiil tins was sii|i|"i-''l 1.1 .11 I ;i - a lii.iini. 1 1 ri"il< i| 11- ( li. 1 1 ,( 1 till- "1 ;m l\:v|ili.iii ii iiiiiU- 111 wliu'li it a 1 iii.M\.i\ l.r.'- Ii'i'k •,>!i'.'..'>', "am! !;.n! -.iiTnl 111. ilk- 1 Jn- ii irii, liiU't I'llt iil'nii liiiii, lilll- v;l'.lli:4 Inill-il! I" llu' *iinl. Il ."iiI-5 ii'i'/.i.'.Vii.' t.i l.-ii.lt 'r'u: ' — .1 ii.i--.ii.'i wliuli -I rill- ti' illii-ir.ili lial>;'i!> llii- \ri -< "I I'aul. Il i- iiiiiic IT' 'ImMi.'. li'iuivtT, tlial llu- nil nil.'- 1- 111 llir lU-li.m "f ]iil!- tiiiK ii|ic>ii -1.1. < - till' iiMik "I tin ir .luiu r-- P.iiil is tlif sCr\;iiU "I Jv.-u-; Jcmi- 1- his i.iik- " J t nr. ^ ' -• ; .'S, oil -I .•! and l.iii'l. 1 ' ' I U ' .1 I 1 I I \ ( In llic ki'ir,.!,:- l.iiil l\\. 14. llu milk- wliiili I -I. imp Inm .1- ink'nu'iii; t.. |. .!!'■ ilin-r j of till' .itlliitioii- wliuli ln' li.i- -nllt ri'd lor j III- -.,k. II' !ia- .ill-' ,1'ls .iliiiiUd t" Ills I I'l r-n'iiliiiii- 111 a Kiiii ral plir.i-i.- t\. Ml; liiil thi- ill" t draiii.itu- i-innim iil.ii> iipmi jl!:i-r "ill. ilk-" I- ill'- LIli.lt p.i--.ii:r ill 1. it. !'•- I" til- ■' ( l| till' Ji W - llM- tlllKs 1 1 1| '1 - - i . ' I iiK'. I lir ii'i- 1 I- I" .ill 11 vMth t' 111-. uMcc was 1 stoned, tlirai.- 1 ,v.is sliip- wrrcUi'd, a iiiylit .iiid a day h.iM- J Ikvii III the dcfp." (till- who h.iil I'lidiircd sitl- f»riiiKh .■-»> many and so tirnhli-, wuhl carry the m.irks of tlu'in npon his Imdy In the firavc. ( hi thi- liiu-s ami ^i .irs of iiuii hrni-i d IhmIv xn.is wnttrti In- li.!' Ittv to his .Masti-r; and thi- was a ria-mi lor no man iionlilmy liitn fiirtluT. llu- wi'i'l- do iioi nil .111 lli.it hi' had alrrady -iilU n d cnonnh .in'l U.I- wraty — il 1- in't in tli.it spirit tli.it r.ml p. li t- liiiiii 111-. .inl.ii;oiii-ts - - 1.1'h' 111' -1 I \.illt of IlU'll I'llcilt 111 lli.i!, iiiarki'l .1- 1 j' -11-. !n- w I It'- a (lii;iiit> V 1 M nipt Inn tiuiii tin- ivniihlr- uilli ulin-|i lip \ hail iiiip"! I mil d Imii. (."sn SutTirt.) 18. .\l''' 1 llir tiiiiinll of till' cpi-ili-. .mil 1 -p' li ill> llir iliip iii'iiiv; I'l ilii piiiiliny \ . 1 -'■. 1 111 !'. 'I' ' !i, ' i. .11. 1 1;, ''i jli \ 1 r\ i-'irl ' . ! I I', i I 1 I ■■. '1 ..■■:■! 'I 1.' :i:l\ The yrace of our Lord Jesus Christ (if. J Lor. .Mil. 14 1 be with your spirit — I'l .11 Ill-ally :"«il!i vm." tlioiiuli on hear- ■\-'^ t'.i ui'id "spint." it i, iinpi '--ihli' to ;l"r-;il llii- part lli.it it lia'- plaM d ill the I .uvniiii iu of till- fpi-tli . I'aiil k.i- li.id rio- i.i-i'.n to -ay 111. my stiTii tllitiv- t'l tin- < i.d.iti.nns. llr Ih-^.iII hy i-mh ' - -iii-^- ln- -nrpii-i- that tin \ had -o i|iiii-'k'i\ i !i,iii;;r'l 1! III. !'. ii.id -:i"ki!i lit tluill a- lu-\\ itohi-il ..! ; i.i'li ' . i ;r, In ■ mi- (cf. v. IJ. \ i. 1) liy l'.llllll.^ iliiiii brethren.