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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I I ii^ ■■— fc.»»* -^-^ . I! a • ITS W PRESENT CONDITION AND M BY REGINALD NUTTALL. VICTORIA : m'MILLAN & SON, PRINTEBS, FOBT STREET. 1878. "emmsaismm XMMMwia r B B ij IBa i lH * ' tt¥ m -ni 1 ' ' W^P" (I I. (I BRITISH COLUMBIA, Its Present Condition and Future Policy. It may not be inopportune at this crisis of Provincial his- tory to touch upon a few of the leading causes which have led to our present condition. We are all aware tiiat the fears of a general war in Europe had a tendency to depress financial operations and check extravagant- expenditure, so as to cause a general shrinkage in values, consequently an injurious com- petition in the labor market and a feeling of disquiet every- where. These have been the general causes of stagnation, but our duty at this time is attracted to more immediate and p;3ssing questions, the most important of which is the Bail- way, iind one which requires the calm consideration of every thinking mind in the country. The patience and law-abiding spirit of the people have been fully exemplified by the for- bearance they have displayed, not only on this matter, but on every other in cornection with their past, present and future existence. It has been openly asserted that the late Govern- ment were in collusion with the Dominion Government, and, by their indecision, allowed the Carnarvon Settlement to go by default. Of this we are incompetent to judge at present, from the small amount of evidence at our disposal ; yet may at some future time be able to state the facts more clearly. It is, however, undeniable that the Terms of Union, have not been complied with, and that a general stagnation iu business prevails, which has more or less arisen from a gloomy outlook of the future. It is also true that, owing to the inaction of the late Government and the union of Mackenzie-believers on the Island with those of the Mainland, that dominion and Provincial patronage has had the effect of arraying the inter- ests of one against the other, finally ending in the disappoint- ment of both. Whether it be owing to the evils of past legislation, or to the impatience caused by long-deferred hope, or from both combined, matters not, for fhe result is the same and a conclusive proof that the people are at last awakened to a sense of duty by placing men in power whom it is supposed will have the inclination and the courage to carry out the pop- ular desire, by protecting the Province from injustice and continued deception. For ten years the promise of Hallway 32638 4 BRITISH COLUMBIA : construction has been dangled before the eyes of the people like a bait held above the reach of a hungry fish, until at last, enraged at such wantonness, the Bailwav is either demanded or the glittering prospect ojf its construction by the Domin- ion Government removed forever from their eight. The same unjust and undecided policy has been pursued ii| regard to the Dry Dock, and comments on the one are appro- priate to both. Justice must and will decide in favor of the ultimatum offered to Canada by this Province through the mediumship of its representatives, and it remains a matter of conjecture what kind of reply will be given thereto. If Mr. Mackenzie is re-elected it is doubtful whether he could ever overcome the influences which have governed and controlled his vacillating policy in such a manner as would enable him to fulfill the Terms of Union. It is, again, doubtful if after spending the money which was raised for the undertaking, whether he would be trusted with another loan for the same object; and further, in the present condition of Dominion fin- ances, whether he could get parliamentary support to a pro- gressive policy, which the Canadians as yet have not had the foresight to adopt ; for while the Americans have built roads in order to colonize, the Canadians have attempted to colonize first and build roads afterwards, which has denuded Canada of one-tenth of its able-bodied population. A narrow-minded policy of this kind is both unsuited to the age and require- ments of a new country, which demands speedy and produc- tive developme^it in order to compete with older estaolished communities. Besides, what guarantee have the people of the Mainland that a Government so devoid of honor, truth and dignity, is capable of t>erf orming for them what it has so igno- bly failed to do for otners? And if Sir John A. Macdouaid should be elected and make promises which would involve still further delay, what justification would there be for such inaction, and what guarantee would the people have which would protect them tiova still further political treachery ? As truth invariably stands the test of time when pitted against falsehood and chicanery, we 'who are one of the people, breathing the same sense of wrong and inspired by the same impulses, cannot be blind to the importance of the ultimatum and the still greater triumphs in store for a united people. Neither can we ignore the fact that they who were adousea as being the party of retrogression are now the head and front of progression, and hold within their iron grip the future des- tiny of this rich and imdeveloped country. The party of retrogression are those whose mistaken con- ■..Va-.U-*-.-^— .u... )f the people until at last, er demanded the Domin- xt. en pursued ii| »ne are appro- 1 favor of the e through the as a matter of reto. If Mr. he could ever nd controlled d enable him ibtful if after undertaking, for the same Dominion fiu- 3ort to a pro- re not had the ve built roads ed to colonize luded Canada arrow-minded I and require- 1 and produo- ar estaolished I people of the or, truth and it has so igno- \. Macdouaid would involve re be for such e have which reaohery ? As ntted against the people, by the same ;he ultimatum aited people, ire a what; ever cost, until the whole trade of the Pacific e^ppe was con- centrated in that city, subject to the manipulation of a. rapa- cious few, as borne out by the opposition to the Texas Pacific Railway Bill and the manner in which it has been able to control the S( nate and House of Representatives of the Uni^ted States. San Diego is the natural outiet for a southerly line, yet the iron rails are laid through Gorgonio Pass to . Fort Yuma, ignoring San Diego and its natural advantages in order to make San Francisco the life-giving heart and centre of commerce for the whole of the Pacific Coast. North as well as South of that city we find that the whole of the vast terri- tory west of the Bocky Mountains is made tributfury to it as a centre of supply and pays commercial tribute thereto ; and with such evidence as this before us, we woul4 like the few who favor annexation principles to pause in their f^rdor lest thev be committed to errors which would be unredeemable. 'f he time for the discussion of small issues has passed away with the party who raised them in order to distract the public mind from weightier subjects. Slanderous ab^se aiid per- sonal invective must no longer mislead the national sentiment from the accomplishment of more important duty. Without a railway uniting the millions of i^e £Mt w^ ithe rolling plains and fertile valleys of the Pacific Coast, many portions of California would even now be in a prime-yal eon^tion, tra- versed by herds of wild cattie and frequented by mounts sheep and deer ; but with a railway connecthig bpth sides of the continent, and territory large enough to TOPyi^fi for noiil- lions, the scene is changed, and the power and influence of the young city of the West ^is equaJ if not superior to ^tmy city in the !^public. With such an example of ntpid^^OTi^jand wealth before us, and principally achievedrnthUi t|]^ ^2nit of one generation, may wc not be excusable. for. clib^i^, so ten- aciously to an object which offers abov€k4idl .ti^Eii^.80,na^y promising and grand results ? Here where Nature has bestowed its : bountjlnl liiand, and enriched us with sufficient raw material to 8uppiy.the jd^^^ds i nnmii-^iii i ! r 6 BRITIBH OOLUMlilA of the commercial depots of the Pacific, we find ourselves rich and blessed ; rich because it is our country, and blessed because we are privileged to possess it. Shall we relinquish these rights to political conspirators, and permit its advan- tages to be gobbled up by monopolies, through the connivance of unprincipled men, who are renegades to honor, principle and truth? Through the connivance of such men our Coun- cils have been divided — Island against Mainland and Mainland against Island — as interest or' envy suggested, and sometimes both. The landing of the notorious steel rails at Esquiraalt gave rise to the dissension, and the lapse of time only widen- ed ihe breach which served as a handle to circumstances. Could the work of construction have been commenced ^t tn a time, even if not completed to Nanaimo, thePro^i>ce and Dominion would have been practically, instead of theoretical- ly, committed to it, and the differences, if any, at that time would not now be in existence. Therefore the landing of the rails without the intention of using them can only be regarded as a diplomatic trick to lull the Province into a sense of false security and encour.ige acts of extravagance based upon ex- pectations which would ultimately end in Provincial bank- ruptcy, and when thus hopelessly involved the Dominion Gov- ernment to dictate its own terms, either by a modification of the Terms of Union or total relinquishment of the obligations solemnly entered into by both of the contracting parties. Again, knowing the needy circumstances of many who atipire to eminence in the arena of politics, and how easily others are controlled by flattery or the hope of reward, the Dominion Government played a deep and cunning game, deeming it to be less expensive to spend two million dollars in bribery and corruption than thirty millions in the construction of a rail- way. That this well-planned and diabolical game has been check- mated by the intelligence of the people is borne out by the result of the late general elections irrespective of every false cry, dodge, or trick resorted to by the Mackenzie faction to acliieve the object in view. It is also p dpable to the most ordinary thinker that the Terms of Union in the absence of railway construction are not commensurate with the value re- ceived by the Dominion Government, and whichever way the question is evolved the unpleasant fact remains that the whole of the vast territory of British Columbia was sought to be purchased by one or two shipments of railway iron left to rust andcreate dissension as to the manner in which it should be utilized. The delay in commencement of the work, or rather ind ourselves and blessed we relinquish it its advan- le connivance lor, principle len our Coun- and Mainland nd sometimes at Esquirault le only widen- ircumstances. uenced at tun Pro^ i 'ce and of theoretical- r, at that time landing of the \y be regarded sense of false ised upon ex- oviiicial bank- )ominion Gov- oaodification of the obligations icting parties. my who anpire jsily others are the Dominion deeming it to in bribery and ction of a rail- las been check- rne out by the of every false nzie faction to le to the most the absence of h the value re- chever way the that the whole > sought to be ron left to rust 3h it should be (vork, or rather ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE POLICY. 7 a tricky attempt to evade the fulfillment of a solemn obliga- tion, gave rise to the question of geographical difficulties which, when united to a diversity of interests, became a for- midabl'^ auxiliary to Oanada in aiding it to shirk responsibili- ties which it had accepted in good faith and had pledged its h spoiling tne country of its rights and the people of their honesty, for many were led to act even against their own comuon sense by the animus of party strife and false stater- ^ its ib^ued by the press. Had railway construction been commenced on ino Island, there is no doubt but th*^ terminus wonld have been at Esquimalt. This would not only have committed the Dominion Govern- ment to a more northerly route, but would have compelled the completion of the Dry Dock, and hence the delay. It is somewhat difficult, in the midst of political turmoil and the discussion of false issues, to get at the truth. At last, how- ever, it is exposed to the light of reason, and one link con- necting with the other exposes a chain of diplomatic fraud which IS scarcely equalled by the celebrated Tammany Ring of New York. As was before stated, the landing of the mem- orable rails at Esquimalt raised the discussion of terminus. The Mainland at tnat time not having sufficient influence to change it, unfortunately for both sections united with the Mackenzie faction on the Island and succeeded in retarding its settlement. This was all that could be desired by the Dominion Government, for we find co-relative with Bailway inaction that the Dry Dock is also placed in the same unsatis- factory condition. If the Dry Dock had been completed in- dependently o? Railway construction, it would have been a strong point in favor of the terminus and o^e of the chief commercial attractions on the coast ; besides, the expenditure of over two million dollars would have weakened opposition and enlarged the future prospects of Esquimalt beyond the fear of rivalry. To frustrate tnis object was as important as the non-commencement of Railway operations, for to have completed the one would ha/e accelerated if not caused the early commencement of the other, and to shuffle out of both, by raising technical and insuperable barriers thereto, became the one idea of a perfidious political party and its willing sat- ellites. It will thus be seen that while the interests of the Mainland, in a mistaken form, led the representatives of that section to oppifse what they considered to be Island advantages, a party C' I., 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA inimical to the interests of both seized the opportunity offered by the differences thus engendered to subsidize local jealous- ies in such a manner as to prove disastrous to the whole. Between the Island and Mainland those narrow-minded jeal- ousieH ought not to exist whatever resources are contained in each are but the common property of all, and by centralize tion the stronger and moie productive districts foster and oare for the weaker. The Island is nearly as large as England and possibly as fertile in resources. The development of both Island and Mainland is only the work of time and the collective energy of the people combined, and it matters not where the termi- nus is located so that it is most convenient and safe for com- merce and least expensive to approach. Wherever nature has bestowed those facilities should be the site selected, irrespec- tive of individual interests ; for each place in proportion to its resources or advantages would rise in value correspond- ingly with the increase of trade and population. While at the zenith of discussion we are impelled by a sense of injury and reasoning to face the real issues of the day — no wriggling with the situation ought to be tolerated — for on the settlement of the Railway question the present as well as the future of this country (iepeuds ; and in demanding a settlement it is not to be inferred tli. it is the wish of the people of thi.3 Province to pander to the cry of annexation to any other State, simply because Canada has failed to act honorably with solemn obli- gations entered into on conditions which it has ignobly failed to perform. Besides, annexation to the United States would mean the loss of a transcontinental Railway, while separate and independent action on the part of tue Provinee may, w?th proper energy, lead to the desired result and acoomplisu moro real good than it otherwise could as a political dependency. The real enemies to the country are those who have brouglit it to a chronic state of revolution by playing fast and loose with important principles, and otherwise retarding natural growth oy pandering to Dominion patronage. In order that the question of separation from the Dominion may be better understood by such as stand in awe of Imperial gunboats and Canadian militiamen, the following extract from a former issue of the Saturday Review will explain, wherein it says : " It is for the English Cabinet to decide, il the case unfortunately arises, whether the consent of the Crown shall be given to the withdrawal of British Columbia from the union with Canada ; but the decision of so difficult and dan- gerous a question ought, if possible, to be evaded. Even if iiiiiitiliillliHilii n ortunity offered ze local jealous- to the whole, ow-minded jeal- re contained in by centraliz^r- 3 foster and care ind possibly as oth Island and Qllective energy here the terrai- d safe for com- rever nature has lected, irrespec- proportion to ue correspond- ion. While at sense of injury y— no wriggling n the settlement as the future of ;tlement it is not of this Province ,er State, simply ith solemn obli- Eis ignobly failed ted States would , while separate 3vinee may, wHh acoomplisn moro ical dependency, lo have brought g fast and loose etardmg natural m the Dominion awe of Imperial tring extract from ixplain, wherein ecide, i- the case the Crown shall lumbia from the iifficult and dan- >vaded. Even if M irtwiiii'iai,>niiniilirir:a ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE POLICY. 9 the Canadians were previously indifferent to the maintenance of the present connection, they would find a grievance in the infringement of the integrity of the Dominion. On the other hand, neither England nor Canada, nor both together, could prevent th • secession of British Columbia either from the Dominion or from the Empire." It is thus clearly demonstra- ted by a very reliable English authority that the people of this Province are the sole arbiters of their destiny, and have jus- tice on their side, supported by the calm and patient endur- ance they have exhibited during the non-fulfillment of terms ; and since they have spoken so decisively through the ballot- box and elected representatives in whom they could confide the administration of affairs of so grave a character as seces- sion, it becomes the bounden duty of every elector to streng- then their hands by a continuance of that support which will hasten the accomplishment of their wishes in a manner hon- orable to the people and those who have been entrusted to do the work. The demand for separation cannot be interpreted in favor of annexation, for thousands of Canadians loyal to the free system 3f their own institutions are foremost m the cry, from the fact of their having been co-participators in the work of colonization, and know to what extent the baneful in- fluence ot the Dominion policy has injured the expansion of colonial growth, and they also know how Nova Scotia was forced by oppressive circumstances to yield to a union which conferred on it no greater benefit than a name. British Columbia is an empire of itself and one of the wealthiest divisions of the American continent, and if free to develop its own resources by borrowing money for productive undertakings, and frame a tariff to its requirements, it would in a few years become a centre of attraction for the living and a home for thousands yet unborn. But bounded as we are on the north-west and south by the United States, and on the east by the Rocky Mountains, and our west by the Pacific Coast, over which, as yet, we have no commercial control, we may naturally ask what benefit do we derive from Canada if no Kailway is oonstruoted ? Following in the footsteps of Dominion grandeur our representative form of government demands a dignity far beyond our resources to maintain, and our indebtedness to Canada (without a more definite mode of progression) would in a few years settle the right to separ- ate forever, for the Province and the people wocud be mort- gaged beyond redemption if the Governments of the future, as well as the past, were led to reckless expenditure on the delusive hope that every promise n>.ade by Canada would be if 10 BRrnSH CiOLUMBIA performed. The Province at thi& stage of proceedings is the sufferer, owing to the fraudulent acts of Canada, for it is well known that the Imperial Government guaranteed the two loans to Canada on the supposition or representation that it was to be used for the purpose of Bailwaj construction in this Province, instead of which, with the exception of the steel rails left to rust and breed discord, and the undertaking of surveys which were prolonged in order to kill time . The balance of those loans have been spent in Canada thus com- mitting a gross act of fraud which has reduced the honor and dignity of the Canadian Government to the low level of dis- honesty practised by a common felon. This is certainly hard language to apply to the manner in which Canada has failed to sustain its national honor ; but the result of its actions has left no other alternative which can be faithfully substituted therefor, and it must therefore accept it as the penalty of its treachery and deception. Since Confederation we have had the grim satisfaction of Knowing that the Dominion Government has been steadily developing its Western Territory and pushing forward rail- way communication into the interior, as if for no other pur- pose than to dispose of its floating and discontented popula- tion before operations were commenced on the Pacific Coast. That Government is well informed of the varied resour- ces of this Province, and the superiority of its cli- mate over that of any other portion of British North America; also aware that the balance of power and wealth; would in a few years be transferred to the west of the Rocky Mountains, and that its growth would be rapid and its people prosperous; therefore Canadian land owners tremble at the result, for co-relative with railway construction and the influx of labor it would attract and employ, a stream of immigration would flow from the east to the west which would have a ten- dency to depreciate the value of Canadian property and enhance that of our own. This may possibly be another of the various causes which influences that Government to plead for time, and in the meanwhile insure its policy by fom- enting discord in our own. If the Dominion Government is not in a position to undertake the work which it agreed to do, this Province must place itself in a position to do so, and instead of having the terminus at Montreal or Halifax, it must enter into arrangements with the North Pacific Bailroad to terminate at New York, and thus complete an independent competing line which will forever give to this Province the con- trol of the western outlet and a commercial importance fa^. ■^^ \i ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE POLICY. 11 fi 1 V eedin^s is the I, for it is well nteed the two mtation that it anstruction in cception of the r le undertaking ill time. The ada thus com- the honor and level of dis- certainly hard ada has failed its actions has lly substituted penalty of its satisfaction of been steadily [ forward rail- no other pur- tented popula- I Pacific Coast, varied resour- by of its cli- British North it and wealth; t of the Rocky I and its people tremble at the Q and the influx of immigration •uld have a ten- i property and j\y be another Government to J policy by fom- )n Government ch it agreed to m to do so, and Halifax, it must fie Bailroad to in independent rovince the con- importance tSLi. beyond the reach of ordinary calculation. South of the 49th parallel nature offers impediments of so formidable a charac- ter that direct railway construction is impracticable if not im- possible owing to the immense cost of the undertaking. Those obstacles are not in existence here, and only require a ■bold policy to carry it into effect. If the people of this Pro- vince see fit to do this in their own interests, there is no power to prevent them : the res{)onsibility of the act lies solely with the power that rendered it necessary. Before we finisn with this subject it might be well to epitomize the effect such ac- tion would have on the future of the so-called Empire of Can- ada. With its eastern boundary almost overlapped by the New England States and a portion of its sea frontage closed to navigation several months in the year, a grand Trunk Railway running parallel to a foreign State tapped at different points by foreign lines, and its industries paralyzed thi^ugh an in- efficient tariff and powerful conlpetition, what would be the result ? Why in fifty years or less it would be an empire of smoke, and its visionary founders who have not the breadth (if mind to adopt measures which would place it in indepen- dent rivalry, would be sleeping in their moss-covered tombs under the shaded and flowing folds of a foreign flag. New Zealand, an island in the Pacific, and ovier twelve thousand miles from the great centres of population, did not number in 1873 more than two hundred and seventy-five thousand souls, native and European. Notwithstanding this it adopted the policy of the United States and contracted a debt of over one hundred million dollars for the construction of railways and other public works, and at that time did not claim the advantages which British Columbia is said to pos- sess, and what has been the result of that action ? Land has increased in value all over the island, towns have sprung up as if by magic, cities have doubled in size, and the population in four years has increased to four hundred and twenty thous- and, which is an addition of over one hundred thousand bread winners and tax-payers to assist in the work of development. Oar Province is almost if not equal to the German Empire; its ports are on the direct line between Europe and Asia, and the distance in time could be reduced more tnan twenty days - our commerce in a few years extended to all the islands and countries of the Pacific; and the debt incurred ia*!!'the con- struction of such a line would be almost liquidated oy the Tea trade. South of the 49th parallel there are over forty mil- lions of souls, and east of the Rock^ Mountains nearly four millions more. Our rivers, lakes, inlets and bays teem with g>i»a*»' ."Jma ;! I 12 BBITI''jH ooluubu fish; the mountains are covered with timber and sparkling with mineral wealth; our prairies and rolling land are oovered with bunch and other native grasses; our harbors are com- modious, safe and numerous; and our position for commercial purposes almost superior to any other m the world, because our raw material exists in a locality where the demand is les? .■ influenced by competition and our market comprises a part of the western world. Railway outlet in British C3olumbia from New York, the commercial centre of teeming millions in the east, would also tap the north-western territories of the Be- Eublic, binding the two countries in an iron link of reciprocal enefit, which neither treason nor prejudice could shake. With such a future outlined before us we require no prompt- ing as to the course we ought to pursue, neither can we be in- dinerent to the motto which long endurance has forced us to adopt. From to-day the verdict has been solemnly rendered against the continued existence of a farce and a fraud, and with one voice and interest in common we declare that unless the intentions of Canada are confirmed by practical proofs before the 1st of May, 1879, British Columbia must cut loose from the treacherous hulk which is gradually sinking her in a sea of financial embarrassment and local discord. And both now and aftei chat date the prevailing sentiment is, and shall be, " The country for those who live in it and regard it as their own, and woe be to him or them who shall dare to trifle with the national wish and aspirations of the people." Before the newly elected, who have the sagacity and honesty to battle in their country's cause, a glorious future lies, and to their hands is committed a jewel of priceless worth, beiug no less than the honor and well-being of a determined ar.a A>jng-suf- ferin^ peo{)le, together with the control of an extensive domain, which, in time, will swell into vast proportions, and form the nucleus of future wealth and greatness. Public opinion, like a tidal wave, has flooded the country with new life and animation, which is more or less embodied in the wisdom and courage of the Government, and to it is entrusted the solution of all questions which vitally affect the public weal. Each member duly elected as a representative of the popular will, will be expected to soar above price or the hope oi reward, for it is now no longer a question of individual success but of collective prosperity, and the Government of the country must be so conducted as to bestow the greatest ^ood on thegi^eatest number without being harrassed by small issues or party jealousies. But before any Government can do this the people must also do their share nor exact from an lii. ■"wn ITS PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE POLICY. 13 : and sparkling land are covered jirbors are oom- i for commercial I world, because ) demand is lesR aprises a part of Columbia from millions in the ries of the Re- ink of reciprocal 3e could shake, aire no prompt- ler can we be in- las forced us to lemnly rendered and a fraud, and clare that unless practical proofs la must cut loose sinking her in a ord. And both tent is, and shall md regard it as lall dare to trifle people." Before hoiicsty to battle lies, and to their ;h, beiufif no less ed ana A«>ng-8uf- of an extensive proportions, and eatness. Public ountry with new embodied in the L to it is entrusted ' affect the public resentative of the price or the hope tion of individual J Government of itow the greatest larrassed by small Government can nor exact from an emp^ treasury for party needs what it is not in the power of the Government to bestow. Economy to be successfully car- carried out must begin at both ends, oy paring at the top and decreasing the demands at the bottom. If expenditure is to be reduced each district must be satisfied with what necessity demands instead of what extravagance inspires, otherwise a change of men cannot produce that change in circuiiistances which the country so urgently needs. The interpretation of the popular wish means a radical change, politically, finan- cially and diplomatically. Hallway Construction or Separation and indemnity for wilful breach of contract, enforcing our right to manage our Own affairs in such a way as will be the most conducive to the public good, and in such wise utilize the advantages which nature, position and circumstances have favored us with, that the real prosperity of our country may be assured and future generations benefitted thereby. Progress and prosperity will result from such a course when blended with aignit^ and firmness. Before closing this review of the condition of the Province we consider it our duty to revert to the approaching elections and the responsibility which consequently depends on the in- telligence of the people. The rough diamond in its natural state is far more valuable than the one whose interior defects are glossed over by artificial skill. Those whose past lives have been devoted to tne interests of the country are more prefer- able as candidates than men who make sophistry a science and deception a trade. Beject with scorn the approaches of the tempter nor listen to the promises of the dissembler. Be true to yourselves, and hs ni^t follows day men will be found faithful unto you. Then all hail to Columbia, the land of our adoption and heritage, and may we as a grateful and united people prove our appreciation of the blessings we enjoy by enforcing res- pect to our just claims in such a manner as will gain us the good will and esteem of our race, and the admiration of every other nation on the earth's surface, whose sympathies are wim the weak and right arms bared in defence of tne right. Railway Construction or Separation and Indemnity is our motto, and will echo through the length and breadth of the land with the power and determination to demand and en- force it. •-l^r^±AL'!^iJ LJ!t._V^^=-'"i'^--"^!li' ^V'^^-^- ~''. 'i^?^ri^i**"r-''- m^jBssx