IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V k^o t-c',' :/ 1.0 I.I 1.25 fM IIIIIM :iiin o 2.2 iliU 12.0 1.8 U i 1.6 V] (^ /^ c^^ >^ *^.»%* ->' A 7 >(S^ Photographic Sciences Corporation iV M ■^^ ■^ O ^ ^^ O^ % V 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The In&titute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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E^ This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y ■ 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X - 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada L'exemplaire filnn6 fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rositi« de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. 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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hb.d corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I • I • , ADDRESS BY SIR JA/WES GRANT. iW. D.. K. C. N\. 0.. F. R. C. P. (Lond.) BBPORB THE American Public Health Association AT A MEETING HELD IN 5 OTTAWA, SEPT. 27-30. 1898. I Jieprinted from Vol. XXIV of the Transactions of the American Public Health Association. ■ I n COLUMBUS. OHIO: THE BERLIN PRINTING COMPANY. 1899. - i i jj i y ;' " ''!^" -,'! ' ! ! ' ! 'f " T"y " ?'' ' '' -' ''"r^< . *'! "* ?' " " T ''?^* J y iii m ^m^^riMyy^w 1 1 ■^ 1 (ixi) ■^ 1 • 1 ■1 . - ■ » i^f^ '■m'^- -.' ADDRESS. By Sir JAMES GRANT, M. D., K. C. M. G., F. R. C. P. (Lond.), Ottawa, Canada. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen — It is to me a source of pride and gratification to have the pleasure of extending to you to- night a word or two of welcome. Your meeting is great in its char- acter. The Honorable Minister of Agriculture has announced that you have' met in Canada three times, twice previous to the present time. This is the first occasion in which you have assembled in the Capital of the Dominion of Canada. During the past quarter of a century, in no department of science has greater progress or advance- ment been made than in sanitary science. In 1873, when I had the pleasure of listening to the inaugural address of the late Dr Bowditch, of Boston, at Washington, in which he took a most comprehensive view of the importance of this whole subject, the impressions made on that occasion and the information disseminated throughout the wide world, were very deep. He struck the keynote that has placed sani- I tary science to-day on that important foundation on which it rests. He announced at that time that no less than two hundred thousand people were slaughtered annually, in the great American Republic, by inattention to preventable diseases. Mr. Simon, the great sanitarian of England, almost about the same time, stated the mortality in Great Britain was one hundred and twenty thousand annually, and Dr. Farr, the greatest statistician on the subject of public health that ever lived, stated the mortality in Great Britain reached fully a hundred and fifty thousand annually. When we consider this mortality, and that it arises from diseases that are purely preventable, is it any wonder that the sanitarians of the great American Republic should co-operate with those in the same department in Canada, and other countries, for the purpose of improving the health and happiness of our people? We know perfectly well that since the address of Dr. Bowditch, asso- ciations have been formed in a great many states of the American Re- public, and are now carrying on active and energetic work, with the most practical results. And I am glad also to announce to the mem- bers of the American Public Health Association that the Province of Ontario has been up and doing in the past twenty-five years. The Government of Ontario has exercised its power and ability in the formation of a Bureau of Public Health, and they have quietly and judiciously examined into the wants and requirements of our people, throughout the length and breadth of the Province, and Dr. Bryce, as ADDRESS. its Secretary, is worthy of the highest commendation, for the efforts that he has put forth, to establish healthy improvements in this Province. If we inquire to-day what they have done, we have only to look at the records published annually; thus h.is disease been stayed. Look at our people ; do they give indications of decay and decrepitude? Very far from it. We know perfectly well that the great disease which we have in Canada to-day, and which you will find inscribed on the tombstones, is "old age." (Laughter.) In Canada we have many educational institutions, and it was my duty twenty-five years ago, when the President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, to insist with the other members of that worthy body, in having a department of sanitary science in- troduced into our universities and taught there as one of the require- ments of medical education. And such it is to-day, not only in our universities, but also in our public schools and institutions, we find one of the largest departments attended, is that of sanitary science. Having just returned from the great Congress of the British Medical Association, at Edinburgh, let me tell you that one of the subjects which engrossed the greatest amount of their attention was that of sanitary science. The two questions taken up particularly were the pollution of rivers, the dissemination of tuberculosis, and other points. pertaining deeply to sanitary science. We find that the sub- ject of tuberculosis to-day is engrossing the attention of the entire medical world. Professor Bryce, in his recent address to the Prov- ince of Ontario, has pointed out that within the last twelve months there was a remarkable decrease in mortality. And let me tell you here to-night, that in Great Britain there is no subject now being more thoroughly and carefully discussed than that of milk, in order to ascertain whether the tuberculous animal, that produces milk, as an article of nourishment communicates the disease to the human family. This is a subject of vast importance, and so it has struck the public mind, that the various sanitary associations to-day are insist- ing upon the ferreting out of herds of cattle, that produce tuberculous milk, having these cattle examined at stated intervals, by a thorough veterinary surgeon, to determine whether or not there is the develop- ment of tuberculosis in the slightest degree. It is only in this way that we can guard public health and watch over the necessary require- ments, in K der to maintain vitality in our midst. There are some other points upon which I should like to say a few words this evening. Our worthy Minister for the Department of Agriculture has mentioned this evening a subject which is to me of very great moment indeed. He speaks of the improvement of public health and how much the Dominion Government is interested in it. AnnRESS. 3 Well, let me say to-night that the medical men of Canada for years past have been endeavoring to impress upon the minds of the public men of Canada, the importance of public health study, so as to guide and direct the health of the people, not of any one province, but of the entire Dominion, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. We felt there was no subject to-day which should engross the attention and careful ob- servation of those in charge of the government of our country more than the establishment here in the Capital of Canada of a Bureau of Public Health. (Applause.) We know perfectly well that the im- portance of this subject has been impressed upon the minds of the public men in the American Republic, and I trust the day is not far distant when those who guide and direct the interests of this country will see that it is incumbent upon them to take into serious considera- tion the formation of a Bureau of Public Health, to give the people of Canada an adequate return for the exercise of mental and physical power exercised in the development of the best interests of Canada. (Applause.) One other point is this, and I am sure you will agree with me: Sanitary science as a whole has done a great deal for our people. We know the mind exerts a powerful influence over the body. When the mind is healthy, we also have a healthy body ; and when we see now in every public demonstration in the great American Republic, as well as ni the Dominion of Canada, the two flags, American and British, blended together, it is an indication of the happiness and prosperity of our people ; and you may rely upon it, that if the health of our peo- ple is directed along this course, it is evidence of a condition which I trust will long continue. I am extremely pleased and gratified that so many members of the learned professions have come to Canada in order to see what kind of people we are. You may rest assured that while you are here we will extend to you a hearty welcome, not only to this Province, but to every portion of it, as indicated by the worthy Minister of Agri- culture who has preceded me. And to the gentlemen from Mexico, I trust that great country, which we know takes an important interest in sanitary science, as well as in other sciences, let me say that I hope this is not the last time that we shall have an opportunity of welcom- ing them to Canada. We wish you a happy sojourn here, and a safe return to your homes. May this visit to our Dominion be one that will make a deep impression, not only upon the people of Canada, but Mexico and the neighboring Republic in the advocacy of the subject of sanitary science, which is so intimately associated with, the welfare of the people of this world. (Loud applause.)