IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 li^lM 12.5 |so ■^" H^H ■^ lii 12.2 ■40 IIIII2.0 III 1.8 1.4 1.6 Ta /a ^*'J^^ '^' / /A 'm '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) •72-4S03 S. N^ ^V iV N> ^ V'^O^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Feati^ves of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D □ D □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag6e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurte et/ou pellicul^e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g6ographiques en couleur Coloured inl< (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 filmAes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplimentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exsmplaire qu'il lui a 4tA possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibiiographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqute ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur n Pages damaged/ Pages endommag^es □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restauries et/ou pelliculdes I 1 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ D This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked bslow/ Ce document est filmi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. The toti Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthroughy Transparence Quality of prir Qualiti inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary materif Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire The post of tl filml Orig begi the I sion othe first sion or ill I I Pages detached/ rri Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ The shall TINl whic Map diffe entir begi right requ metl I I Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M filmies A nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1 • 1 y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X ire J6tails es du modifier er une filmage The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec The images appearing here are the best quaiity possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce A la g6n4rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Quebec Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition et de la netteti de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. AE! other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. &es Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est ImprimAe sont filmis en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiimis en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — »- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol Y (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signif^e "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". re Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film6 A partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. y errata td to nt le pelure. 9on d t 2 3 32X 1 a 9 4 i 6 '01 i.\TKo!)((T()HV ij;«Ti m: I'M-IVf I.I.D AT 'V\i rill: OPKNIXt^ OF Tin-: iNrh ^L^^mK •! IIU j Mh!ii-'\i, !Aii;i,iY or Mr',i!,i, nNivi-jisiii, *V!> The In.aaguidiioa of thi3 Nevv C'jlh^ B:;:Id'nu i»\ \ > I I ■•20nti;l:ai. : ''i-"i''"i-; !■: i'i:<'', \i; AT-', rin\ ii;i: '' .' I " A ••.i'> 1 III! . Si, :; r,» Sr \\ i^mm: Sn.i i.t. W. WRIGHT, M.D., L.R.C.S.E., "■"'' '■ '•■•>'■'•;/■■■'' -S""/ ■'/./■.' Ml/.- /•,_,• s- ir ■,/■ .\/,:- ,, , M ',,., !' 'If M- ■i:.- ,• st'i ,• '.r tl, }!■.„',■ ■'! pMO.71 W931X ►.4*i-.- ^V J > 13 I^ 1^^ H H . i.?, (lENTi.KMK.v, — I thank you lor your waiin ioi'Oi»ti«)ii. and. in acknowledging it. let me assuie you that the joy of meeting is mutual. Your l'rolessor.s are as hajtpy as you are at the intioduction now takmg place on this the first day of the session. And in return for your applause, which we accept as your greeting. I have great pleasure, in their name, in extending to you a most cordial wel- come. This day Ijegins a future which, we trust, will omich you with an abundant harvest of professional usefulness, and \vhen a little while has rolled by we hope to place in your hand the sickle by which its golden fruit may be gathered into your garners: or, to change the ligure, we trust that before a long while we shall bind you round our necks with our other esteemed jewels in the long lace of graduates who are our sons in Medicine. May the morning you lirst crossed these halls of learning be ever a red letter one in your life's calendar. May enthusiasm so swell at the remembrance of the time spent here that you will bo eager to exclaim : we hail fiom Mc(iill I And may others read the great fact in your superioritj', so that they too will be constrained to confess that from ^Ic(Jill, and Mc(iill only, could you hail ! This day. again, will ever appeal to our hearts because it marks a new era in our position. We now inaugurate the stately build- ing wherein we are met. it has been built Ijy the Governors of the l^niversity. out of the funds at their disposal, at a cost of $27,0(JO. They have placed it exclusively as a free gift in the hands of the Metlical Faculty. Long will the memory of their liberality be green. Whenever we look round we read in every part of the substantial structure their good will towards us and the nnxniKcent scale by which our wants should be met. Si videres monumentim, draimspice. As part of the College buildings, it forms a handsome wing, being, where medicine should always be, con- spicuous in the company of the learned. No more healthy, no more picturesque site could have been chosen. And the edifice, as one of the many splendid others that adorn the l>ase of the mountain, combines for its pm'pose, as much as they do for theirs, 61767 the ornate with the utiliter. In proof of the last you will find ia the internal arrangements tliat accommodation, convenience and comfort have all been carefully studied. The building is 80 feet front by 84 feet 8 inches deep, and 48 feet high, to the top of the cornice, with a further elevation of 7 feet in the roof. The latter is a half mansard, broken up by three pedi- ments, antl covered with slate. The walls arc solidly built, and are all of cut stone. The architects were Messrs. Hopkins & Wily. On the east side, facing Tniversity street, is the students' entrance, loading into the basement. The lobby lands into a pas- sage which, like the other halls, is 12 feet wide. On its left is a waiting-room, '30 feet by 32 feet 6 inches, furnished with chairs and tables. It is intended for lesort during tho intervals between lectures, where you may fill up your notes or otherwise profitably occupy yourselves. A strip is partitioned oil' and fitted to serve as a cloak room. On the light are the apartments of the care- taker, and on this floor are also spare rooms, closets, furnace and fuel cellar. The apartments having floors are based with concrete. On the south side is the main entrance, facing Sherbrooke street. Having ascended the flight of stairs in front and crossed the lobby, you first meet two apartments, one on either side, which, when iittetl up, cannot fail to command the admiration of every intelligent observer. One measures 30 feet by 34 feet : the other, 32 feet 6 inches by 30 feet. And your expectations concerning them will be the moi-e raised when I add that our worthy Dean has personally contributed 81,000, under the stipulation that the sum shall be disbursed in furnishing them for a Library and Museum respectively. Behind these are the Chemical class-room, with the Professor s room ; the former 30 feet by 46 feet, seated to hold 190 comfortably ; and the Laboratory, 32 feet 6 inches by 32 feet, for the Practical Chemistry class. It is provided with furnace, balance room, and all other necessary requirements. This floor, " the ground floor," is also approached by a short stairs running up from below. On " the first floor," or one above the last, is the General Class- room, on the right hand side of the landing. It is 33 feet wide by 43 feet 2 inches deep. It has 11 tiers of seats, arranged as in the other class-rooms, in trilateral shape, with desks and backs, regu- larly graded, and able to contain 2i.>8 persons. Into it two doors open, tho uppermost one being exclusively for the convenience of students. Close by are two side rooms, one for the use of profes- sors, the other for the Materia Medical Cabinet. On the opposite side is another class-room, the Anatomical, 32 feet 10 inches by 43 feet, luid seated for 1"^0. It is supplied with seven tiers of seats. I I % 4 — 3 — 11 find in ence and id 48 feet ' 7 feet in ree pedi- >uilt, and I & Wily. students' ito a pas- i left is a hairs and between ■)rotitably to serve the care- nace and concrete. erbrooke li crossed ie, which, of every he other, nceruing Dean has the sum Museum with the to hold 32 feet, t'urnace, ni.s floor, mmg up vl Class- wide by is in the s, regu- o doors ience of profes- opposite es by 43 f seats. and is well lighted with front and side windows and glazed sky light. Behind is the Dissecting room, 56 feet 10 inches long, ami 30 feet 2 inches broad, j^rovided with sink, lift, as well as all other essential appointments, and having its floor covered with lead At its end are two small rooms, one for the Professor, and the other, which opens into it, for the Demonstrator. The building will be warmeil by hot water in circulation through coils and pipes of iron. Fittings are placed wherever gas may be needed. Means have been devised to en.sure sufficient ventilation, and the acoustic adai^tation of the Lecture rooms has also been regarded. In short, the whole is so designed that, when com pleted, the equal will not be found in any other medical school in the Dominion, Medicine was a mere chaos till six hundred years before the Christian era, or a little earlier. Then the attempt was made to bring it into Cosmos, or under the comprehension of philosophy. The Asclepiades were the true originators of the science, and in helping on the work Pythagoras was famous. Eight hundred years more passed by, however, before medicine was so digested, or so trimmed, as to be able to i»e publicly taught in a systematic manner. Then the Philosophical school or sect, which had in the meanwhile flourished, was supersederl by the Empirical, under the guidance of Serapion and others ; and then, the third century having dawned, there sprung up the first institu tion for medical education. It was founded at londisabour. It brought up many eminent men. among others, some centuries after, was Rhazes, the Prince of Physicians ; but its teachings were soon opposed by those of the Methodics, and afterwards by the Dogmatics and others ; for of it, ai^ ..*" others, it is true, " nee scire fas est omnia.'' The attendance upon some of the ancient colleges far ex- ceeded that upon any single one in modern times ; perhaps from there being not so many then as now to divide the palm. That of Bagdat, with which was associated an infirmary and labo- ratories, numbered as many as 6,000 students at one session, in the latter part of the eighth century. In the eleventh century one of the most celebrated was the University of JSalerno. Its medical lectures were very numerously attended during the Crusades, the place being then a fashionable resort. It awarded its degrees to students of seven years standing. I shall not steep you m the Cimmerian gloom which rested upon later endeavours to diffuse professional learning, as it rested upon whatever else was calculated to ennoble mankind, till the middle of the fifteenth century; nor, pleasant though the task might be — 4 — trace the suhsecjuent estal»lisliinent throughout Europe, in the sunshine that succeeded, ot medical schools which still continue to win the admiration of the wliole world ; but I propose to engage in what, I trust, will be to you still moie agreeable. I propose to turn your attention ironi loreign eeats of learning and bygone days to our own; for, as of the j>atriot and his coimtry, so of the Alumnus and his college it may l)e sung, •' Snoli Is tlif> " .f/i/?M)ii(.v' " linjist wliorc'or we roam; Ills IJrsf. lM\st " <'fility from the first. Many were its struggles, l)ut the wisdom and energy of its Ijrave found- ers triumphed over all. It was named the Montreal Medical Institute. Its pupils had the advantage oi' walking the General Hospital, which had been opened two years previously. Its powers were limited, however, to those of extra-academical bodies. This institution is of a peculiar interest to us. It was the child to the man of which the present one is father. Four years ended its nonage. Then it was grafted as a. flourishing scion into the Uni- versity of McCjrill College, of wliich it afterwards constituted the Medical department. It now had the ijrivilcge of procuring, for successful competitors, the sutnmos hoiiores, in the form of the degree of M.D. Its first graduate was William Logie, in 1833 ; he was the harbinger bud of the wreaths of flowers that blossomed in sucoeeding springs. Its usefulness was greatly promoted by the formation of a Library and Museum, which its Faculty made more extensive year by year. It began with four chairs, viz.^ Practice of Medicine, Midwifery, Chemistry and Materia Medica, Anatomy and Surgery. With the exception of a suspension dur- ing the rebellion which broke out in 1837, the lectures were deliv- ered unremittingly every year. The last two chairs named were subsequently divided, so that Chemistry, Anatomy, and Materia Medica were taught sei)arately. Surgery, however, was only released from its old bond to be joined to a new one — Mid- wifery. In 1842 the union was severed and each consigned to its own guardian. In November of the following year the efficiency of the school was mateiially increased by the opening up of the rniversity Lying in Hospital, which afforded students the ojipor- 5 pe, in the II continue •■ to engage piopoKe to id bygone so of the L in Mont- iva.s ul'ter- tent pruc- sphenson, courses of ool, thus t. Man}' re found- Medical General :s powers es. This Id to the uded its the Uni- ted the ring, for 1 of the H33; he Dssomed oted by ty made rs, viz. Medica, ion dur- e deliv- named y, and er, was !-Mid- l to its 1 tunity ol attoiiding i-i-es of laboi'. Two years aftorwards four branchc- weio added to tlio previous onos taught. They were: Institutes of Medieitie, Medical .lurisprudtMice, Hot- ai'iy. and <'linl';al Medi<;ine witli Surgery. In tlie next session riinioal Medicine and Cluneal Surgery were so distributed a.s to be taught l-y separate lecturers. Since then the only addition to tlie ( urrieuluni has been in Practical ('honiistry. T^'hich lias now been taught for two years. Krom the origin of this Facndty to this the fortieth year of its evistcnee. it lias enlisted tweut3'-six lecturer^ or professors, includ ing its founders. I'pon fourteen of these honoured men time ha» executetiacli'(( tir.-iisi Tlu" IVitMids \vc loved— lln' n-londs that l)!(\st." Tiie last we have liad to mourn the loss of has been Dr. Fraser. and bei.'ause the last, 1 feel that no apology from me is needed while paying a sliort tribute toliis Jixemory, tliat it may be the more surely preserved among us. Williiun Fraser was born in L'erth, Scotland, I lielieve, m the year 1S14. After having completed his general education he entered upon the study of medicine, which he pursued, chiefly, in (rlasgow. attending lectures both at the I'nivorsity of (Glasgow and also at the Andersonian University. lie was remarkable for the ardour, industry and perseverance he displayed in attaining to a knowledge of his prol'ession. His tenacity of application and constancy in learning were such as if he had "set his life upon a cast."' and Avas resolved that by no fault or shortcoming of his should there he any " hazard of the die."' Cpon the outbreak of cholera at Roseneath in 1832 he was sent down to the parish by the late Dr. Lawric, his Professor of Sur- geiy. to otRciate in a temporary infirmary opened for cases of the epidemic then raging. I mention this incident because it shows the high opinion entertained of him at that early time, judging him worthy to be trusted with a post of responsibility, And 1 mention it for anotlier reason. Poseneath is the native place of our Dean, and there he made his acquaintance. As they then grasped their right hands of fellowship for the first time, neither one nor other had a glimpse of the brilliant future that awaited them in a far-off land, across a thousand miles wide bridge of sea, where they were to be colleagues for more than a quarter of a century, to supply the wants of the Dominion and parts which far — 6 — ! outly her honlern with troop upon troop of Kkiirul and accom- plished pra(!titioner8. In ]t<;i4 younp Fr.isor received the licon.so of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, (ihis;;ow, wiiich is a double qualiticivtion, tlio same as the Medical degree of our University. It entitles the holder to (ho position, with nil the privileges of a general practitioner in tiiat city, so that witii it he can there practii^e I'hysic, Surgery and Midwifery. Fi-aser, however, used it more as an honour than a power. Ihiving hoard of Canada, where " wortli by poverty depressed '" rises not ho slow as in tlie mother country, lie left home and came out here. Soon after his arrival in this <'ity he was made Apotheniry or House Surgeon of the General llosi)ital, or rather hoth. for in those days the ottices were fused together and held by one person. While gathering experience of disease in its protean forms in this new situation, he decided upon extending his theoretical ac(iuirement8 by re-attendance upon lectures. With this view he matriculated in this University, followed the courses, and, having 'lualitied, graduated in 1836. The graduation class of that year contained another member of high distinction — I moan Dr. William Sutherland, our Emeritus Professor of (Chemistry. Dr. Fraser seemed to be so drawn towards him that an intimacy sprang up which time served to brighten, the tendrils of his heart being ever ready to cluster round the charms of a social, manly, philosophic nature. And whenever memory recounts the pleasures of a by-gone oratory that fell in brdliant gleams upon admiring pupils, or a physician to whom the hearts of his sick wore gratefully knit in warm aftec- tion, or a friend who tenderly felt for another's smart and could cheer the lonesome way with his winsome words, then will it recount some of the graces of a Sutherland ! Having obtained license to practice in Lower Canada — which can be got by proving ownership to one's degree — Dr. F>asergave up the hospital and engaged in private practice. He realized the fond dreams of hope, and from a slender perch climbed up to an uppermost branch to rejoice in all the pleasures which first-class success could yield. Ever ready to heed the call of the sick, to act upon the rule, " labor omnia vincit,^^ and to do the best for his patients, ho took, at the flood, the tide in his affairs which led on to fortune, and after thirty-six years toil he was worth £40,000 or .£50,000. In 1845 he wap chosen to fill the chair of medical jurisprudence. I had the benefit of his maiden course, together with your able Professor of Medit^ine and four others whom I can recall. It was m i md accom Faculty of ualiftcaiion, It entitles f a generiil re practice . it more as ere " worth ler country, fival in tlii.s Lhe General i were fused an forms in theoreti(;!il this view he and, having ■ member of ir Emeritus e so drawn e served to r to cluster bture. And oratory that jhysician to warm aftec- t and could then will it I — which can r gave up the 3d the fond >d up to an ;h first-class the sick, to best for his vhich led on 1 £40,000 or risprudence. h your able call. It was new and not obligatory retrospectively, and for these roiisons the iitteiulance was so thin. Here he gave the lirst marks of aptness for lecturing that after years only rendered more prouiinent. 1 well remember the zeal with whfch ho tlirew himself into his work, the pains taking ho exhibited in its dis«'liarge, and the fuithfulness witli whicli he carried it through to a satisfactory close. His aim was to uttbrd his class a clear, curt, well-digested view of his subject, abreast with the progress of the day. In 1847 he was elected by the Board of (luvernors one of the medical stafl' of the hospital. Though that year was a very busy one for doctors, owing to the spread of an e.xtensive epidemic of lyphus or Ship Fever, imported by emigrants who had suffered from famine consequent upon the failure of the potato crop in Ireland. Dr. Fraser shewed himself equal to the emergency. In other outI)reaks. as tliose of cholera in 1840 and afterwards, he was always under arms anil effective in the path of duty. His patients had great confidence in his wisdom, and Ins humane treatment won their esteem. He was fond of Surgery, and as an operator waH daring, bold and resolute. Ho was also fond of trying new reme- dies in order to determine their real merit, or ascertain some new point in their action. In 1849, yielding to the wish of the Faculty, he was translated to the lectureship of Institutes of Medicine, which he tilled during the twenty-three years following. He here displayed the cliarac- ters that were so marked in his former post, but more developed by the training he had there received. Thousands of students have borne away his teachings, and with their deep science have drank in the spirit of in(iuiry they caught from him, and profited by the e.vample of diligence he set before them. Dr. Fraser had a lofty idea of the dignity of medicine. He was a stern foe to empiricism under every guise, and a strong upholdei of rational medicine. To his mind its pillars were Physiology and Pathology ; or they were the streams through which the fountain was to be supplied. Partiality, however, did not close his eyes to the inestimable value of Clinical study. He was a useful member of the several Medico-Chii-urgical Societies that rose and sank late in the day. And while it lasts, such a school may show its disregard or sacrifice of the health, or happiness, or life of the public, by periodical drains of ineompetent physicians whom it sends out to deal with these essentials upon which the security and prosperity of a country necessarily depend. What you want in a respectable medical school is : firstly, that it shall have abundant opportunities for imparting a practical acquaintance with diseases and injuries through actual observation and clinical teaching. For this an hospital is indispensable. In the mother land it is the liospital originates the school. The school is the school of the hospital, and from it gets its worth. There no eminent men would presume to teach medicine who were destitute of the resources of an hos2)ital. What, again, you want in a useful medical school is an extensive library, where the periodical literature of different places may be referred to; where the classics of the profession maybe consulted; where there are some thousands of volumes of standard books ; and where the works last issued are annually added. What you want, further, in a reliable school is that it sliould bo thoroughly equipped in means of illustration. It ought to have a museum largely stocked with both Anatomical and Pathological — 10 — preparations. The latter to be so varied as to comprise, with the more common, the rarer lesions ; in short, such a display as can only be accumulated gradually, after tens of years of collection. And in addition to these there should be as many series of the best executed plates or drawings, as well as such varied objects, or models, or instruments as are generally serviceable. As you pursue your studies you will find them very entertaining. You will find our abode is on a crust twenty-three miles thick, the cooled scum of molten blazing rock beneath, one hundred and sixty times hotter than red-hot iron ; and our life is a vortex of changes, kept up by tearing from milk, or flesh, or fruits the atoms of our anatomy to make good the piecemeal wear of what we once called ourselves. You will find that we are kept warm by our unlocking the sunshine from the cellars of food or fuel in which it has been stored after it has ridden upon its beam through space that would take a railway train two hundred and thirty years to cross ; and that we are ever in motion, travelling with the earth, with a speed sixty-eight times as great as that of a bullet fired from a rifle. Your studies will also fill you with interest, as they show you how wonderfully you are made ; as they lead you, stage by stage, through the work of building the human frame, from the time of the fertilized ovum cradled in the Graffian vesicle onwards ; as they point out the outlay of myriads of nerves, of vessels — blue, red, white and colorless — meandering in leashes over mountain- like organs, valley-like dips, and plain-like surfaces ; as they trace the finger of design : as they give every measure even down to the I -400th part of a line; and as they tell of every function. Medicine, however, chiefly commends itself because of its utility. It points out the laws of health ; how to stamp out the decimating plague, to cause the air or water of a town to be pure, and to promote the salubrity of its people. It takes you on the wings of contagion to its strong holds ; shields from its venom ; tracks it in its progress ; and fits you to enter the lists against it sure of victory. It gives you power over the ills to which flesh is heir. It takes you where Flora spreads her treasure, and down the mines of the earth, and into the noisy shop of the factor, and many a place besides, to cull remedies. It learns you what they can do, when to use them, and how to give them. It speaks of the insane root that takes the reason prisoner ; of Kecksy or Conium that killed Socrates ; of the finger of Hermes, which is the anima arti- culorum ; of the Masch Allah, or " gift of God," that first provokes pleasure, then lulls to rest ; of one that in fractional parts arches back the body into the rigid locks of death ; of another that relaxes every part ; and of very many more. It arms you with the i — 11 tvith the ly as can llection. js of the ►jects, or rtaining. lick, the md sixty changes, IS of our ce called Qlocking has been at would OSS ; and [ a speed 'ifle. bow you )y stage, 3 time of ards ) as 8 — blue, ountain- ley trace rn to the of its out the )e pure, n on the venom ; gainst it 1 flesh is d down !tor, and lat they cs of the ium that ma arti- rovokes iS arches ler that nrith the surgeon's skill and strength when the question is what has been the injury, when the cry for relief is importunate, and when if the right aid be not ati'orded the case must be lost. It enables you to staunch life's current in its wasteful flow ; to rid the air- pipe of the struggler for breath from its foreign body ; and in countless other ways to prove the friend of distressed humanity. Marvel not that such a science, such an art should be richly strewed with encomiums. Let me read you two or three. One of the oldest says : " Honour a physician with the honour due unto him." "The skill of the physician shall lift up his head, and in the sight of great men he shall be in admiration. Give place to the physician. Let him not go from thee for thou hast need of him." Among the Romans, Cicero was exuberant in his praises of the profession. According to him, " nothing brings man nearer to the gods than in giving health to his fellow-crea- tures." And in more modein times Dr. Johnson, tlie leviathan of English literature, thus beautifully records the memoi-y of a prac- titioner : " When fainting nature call'd for aid, And hovering death prepared the blow, His vigorous memory di8play'd The power of art without the show. In misery's darliest cavern Icnown, His useful care was ever nigh, Where hopeless anguish pour'd his groan, And lonely want retired to die." These are a few of the inducements that prevail to urge you to attain the object before you. The path is made easy in proportion to the thoroughness of your previous education. Where that has been liberal it is the best preparative to future study. The higher the preliminary training the more easily will you acquire your pro- fessional learning, and the more surely will it be remembered. When possible, a collegiate course in Arts should be added to the instruction of the Grammar or High School. The benefit conferred is not merely the grasp of a larger field of information, but, also, the better culture of the mental faculties, whereby knowledge will be more efficiently apprehended, retained, and turned to profit. The tentacula by which it is secured will become more expanded, effective, and polished. Graduates in Arts should^ therefore, be able to acquire the profession sooner than others, and upon the belief that such is the case they are granted the benefit of one year off from the four which in other cases must be spent in the study of medicine. And while urging the advantages of the highest preliminary education, permit me to point to the — 12 — superior opportunities this university affords to those in search of such ;i gain, and also permit me to add that they are opportunities for which, in a great measure, tlie Dominion is indebted to our learned Principal, whose successful labours in elevating education among us, and promoting its diffusion in its varied departments, have won for him the gi-atitude of all by whom they can be appre- ciated. Once entered upon the study ot medicine act out the note of Lucretius, '-a falling drop at last will cave a stone." Avoid the mistake of attempting too much. Tlie celerity that makes the ocean cable or circular saw valuable will kill the student. Impa- tience is one of the giants he lias to war with. The last lecture, the capping day, the start in life, the first fee, all seem so far off that the desire is to draw them nearer, to shorten time, and pile on studies. A forcing system is apt to be instituted. The most Jejune compendiums, the most condensed notes are most pon- dei-ed. Such a plan may help to pass an examination, but it will fail in after life. What is got by it will be like snow, — quickly gathei'cd and quickly melted away. In winter you may not have time for much more, but in summer you have, and then your reading should extend to the best modern authors on important subjects, and your time bo largely spent in the hospitals. Your memory is to be the infirmary from the resources of which your patients are to be treated secundum artem, and therefore you can- not too richly store its cells. Depend upon it, a year or so more, when this is the object, will not eventually be regretted. In my time it was not unusual to study five years, and when I look across the almost quarter of a century that has lapsed since my five ended I have no regret because they were so many. Again, " Like an Inverted cone "Wants the proper base to stand upon," do not invert the order of your studies. Another error to be shunned is to study the final branches before the primary. It is the loss of method, and that is a cause of imperfection. Even haste is here no excuse. Though these be the days of electric speed and steam force ; yet, in their haste there is method. The telegraph message and river i^ropeller run their coiu'se in order. So, whatever be the haste to get through medicine, the student Bhould go, like them, right, straight through his course, in the proper way, without either slip or skip. Get such an acquaintance with the rudmients that they shall be the firm scaffolding or frame of the edifice you are to surround and fill in With all that will com- plete its structure. Undoubtedly you will have knotty things to you But 13 : search of ortunities ed to our education artments, be aj>pre-- le note of Avoid the iiakes the it. Impa- it lecture, so far oft' !, and pile The most nost pon- )ut it will ,— quickly not have ;lien your important Is. Your liich youi- you can- ' so more. In my ^n T look since my [•or to be y. It is n. Even electric od. The in order, student , in the laintanoe or frame will com- bings to master, but be not faint-hearted. What others have accomplished you can achieve. They were just as raw and verdant at the start. But they won the victory in time, by constant appHcution, dili- gence during lectures, and persevering study. Therefore, " n/7 dtsperandum.'' The same means will as surely carry you through. W ''perge ei prospera''^ be your watchword you will cross tlie Alpine ridges of ignorance with a sjjlendid array of forces, and be so able to marshal your army of medical lore as to meet any move on the cliess board of disease and accident. Do not drop what is hard but study it the harder. And though but two courses be exacted, fail not to add a third on the branch you feel to be to you as the heel to Achilles. At your lectures, be punctual, be regular, be constant, be exemplary. It is a bad prognostic to see a young fellow who has paid out his father's money, got, usually, after mucli toil on the old man's part, instead of reaping the advantages it procures for him, lounging the time about the college premises or satintering tbrough the streets. I know of no student who was attentive at his lectures, with a fair share of intelligence, that was ever plucked. A chronic system of neglect, however, will inevitably ruin any one. Be diligent in every useful way. At your lectures carry oil" all the information you can. From the wordy flood jioured forth make rivulets on paper from which the brain may drink in afterwards ; otherwise the whole will slide over both ears unheeded and uncaught. Often try to recall what you have learned, digest it, sink it deep into your mind, and from time to time hold an assize with yourself as to your proficiency, by constituting yourself both the examiner and the examined. It is often said of a physician, his popularity is due to his man- ners. While, then, you are preparing for his iDOsition, attend also to their culture. As you would have them by and bye, so you should trim them now. Let the shadow that falls from you upon others be gentle, kind, and genial. Let it not be coarse nor repulsive, for the sick you will have to attend may be of delicate feeling, cultivated taste, and refined minds. Let it leave no remembrance of vulgarity to wound the tenderest nature. Let it always be humane and symj^athizing. Let it not exhibit any kindred with a spirit of vandalism that delights in wanton wrong. Let it not mar its influence by any occasional burst of rowdyism or wild puerile folly. And while the shadow that lalls from you has these traits, let it also have a quiet, grave cast. Your man- ners should cast such a shadow, for the business of the physician is no sport, impending death is no joke, the responsibility of hav- — t4 — ing a man's life in your hands is no farce, the guilt of not having done all you should have done is no trifle. As nothing is harder to escape than the snares of bad habits, once their coils have been spun, so medical students should not form habits unsuited to practitioners. In no other profession than the medical is there greater need for a man to be sober. Unless the upper decks be kept clear for action his wits are not fit to meet an engagement. If I could gain the ear of an inebriate who prefers intemperance to reason I would tell him to aim to be almost anything but a drunken doctor ; I would tell him that as such sooner or later he will inflict injury, and reduce himself to penury. Who more unfit than him, when muddled or half mad, to rule where every hope lingers upon his words ; where bleeding hearts look to him to save a dying mother ; where his groggy fingers try to impart news to his maud- lin brain or to shake out its behests ? Who that could avoid him would have him ? Now for a few words on smoking. 1 do not say " thou shalt not smoke tobacco," after the authorities of Eerne, who caused these words to be written on a tablet of their church ; nor will I uphold to your imitation the i^attern of Dr. Parr, who, unless asleep or eating, was usually found burning the weed ; but I advise those of you who will smoke to do so at the right time and in the right place, and so that it will not enfeeble your energy nor fog your mind. Dissection would be finer if, while being done, the hand were not weakened by the narcotic. The atmosphere of the class-room would be more pure and bracing, more conducive to attention and memory, if it were not soiled with deadening nico- tine. Set a proper estimate on the worth of life. No study can be too great which will enable you to save lift or make it more enjoyable. These are the objects of medicine ; these are the merits you must affirm you have before you can be enlisted into her ranks. Before you can be graduated you will have to swear " coram Deo " that you possess " omnia ad cegrotorum corporum salutem conduceiitia,^' in other words, that you are masters of the skill and art which con- duce to the recovery of the sick. What a motive is this to urge upon you to turn your advantages to the best account ; to give the full benefit of all the resources science places within your reach to your patient, who looks to you, under the Great Physician, to prolong his days and avert the calamity his death would cause. Be no respecter of patients. Treat all aUke, Destitution may mask the noblest front. Some physicians were once consulting over a loathsome looking object on the pallet of an hospital, and — t5 — 10 1 having ad habits, hould not sr need for , clear for could gain )n I would doctor ; I ict injury, him, when i upon his I a dying his raaud- avoid him 1 shalt not ised these il I uphold asleep or 3e those of the right fog your the hand jre of the iducive to ning nico- can be too enjoyable, you must s. Before Deo " that centia,^' in vhich con- is to urge give the our reach ysician, to ild cause, lation may consulting spital, and when their prescription was given, it was added in Latin, " let the experiment be made upon the vile body." Instantly the mass ot woe started from disguise, and in the same tongue remonstrated, '' let not that body be called vile for which Christ died." Think highly of your profession ; think of it as honourable and noble, as useful and Godlike. Its fields are ripe with opportuni- ties to grace a life of true religion. There are rare chances for being unspotted when gold would tempt to purloin or to pay unnecessary visits, or to needlessly officiate, or to speak falsely. There where there is " a constant interruption of pleasure " self- denial can shine out in full splendor. There may be kindled the flame which will cause your breasts to burn with fellow-feeling, tender pity, and kind compassion. There may be sown broadcast the seeds that will richly store your garners with the praises of benevolence, humanity, and philanthropy. And there can be conferred such acts of charity as may well challenge others to excel them in being more disinterested and less ostentatious. Be heroes in the strife. Your reputation is not to be won at the cannon's mouth, nor your breast adorned witli valors clasp ; but a heroism my glisten in your eye the world's brave heroes never knew. When pestilence causes the eagle eye of the soldier of the forlorn hope to quail, or his lion heart to fail, then, like one of old, you may stand between the living and the dead. Your spirit is not to be fired by the carnage of a nation, nor the wails of the bereaved, nor the triumjjhs of might over the weai,, nor the panegyrics of the jiress; but, by prospects of recovered health, and happiness, and prosperity, by promptings of con- servatism, and by kind concern at human pain. Let your life be as a sun of wisdom shining out upon the world to which your influence extends ; let it be unsullied by a cloud of suspicion against your worth or sincerity ; and when the crimson of the sunset sky paints the evening, when you shall no more go forth to work, then, in the night that follows, the bright stars that have treasured up the light of tho past will shine forth to welcome you home to " the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense." • t • • « . • • I f