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J:: TJfK NOKTII-WEST PASSAGJ:, AM) THK riANS FOR THE SEARCH luR .^^ 1^-1 - ■, &^ SIR JOHN FRANKLIN % ^Icbicfo: BY JOHN BROWN. F.R.G.S.. (IT.l.,.- VV Till-; KOVAI. SudKTV ,., SVRtnV.US ANI luLMKiK*, ^wpewffxffr*,-, R.„ ,«<,•, " i iiiifjiify ir.rize ! l,ut w.it uitlKJiit u iiliUi."— I'l.sn:. " tiifv, on 11 siiif;lc |il:iiiU tliiii«i|i safe iushotn, i lii'[«- iliu ftkfanit 111' thu ilisiimt lln-uiiK."— fforflo 1 L(LV1)(LV: CltAUIXC CIUiSS. ISuS. I41b'47 '*'<• TiiK i'nKsrijf:5fi; rilE COUNCIL AM) 'mK FKLLOWM OP TIIICAL S4)Cli:Ti' or 1.0.\J)0A. UJIS VOLUME X<^ j;!-.^r/;rA'i-L-i,LT i>Mi;ii)(;» cf Tllf: AiTTIKiK, i I' \i !■: F V c i:. I Tlir; iv,H-v\;iI ul' tlir sa.I snl.j,..-t m whirl, th.' Io||,.uii,o' ,,,|.vs '"■'■''"■'""'"'• "'••'>• tn> .•ip|M,,IMM-l;i, .inns. ,•111.1 l]H'yv\\,V>- UUUV- rr^^nvy . l„lt \vl,i|,. (1,.. |iv,.s ..f.,,!.' hiindiv,! a,„| t|,i,( y.|i\ ,. -""'"" '''"Ulilnnr, Mt n„ ;, ,M.,iln„s sri'^i^v ro/H///. n,nn- rnnnfrJ/nr. H;I, tinuir.n Inv'hnh l/n'f/ ,rr ,'r s/^rrhdl H .llrrdr.l /.v :lrl ,>n.^n,rrhnl. ||,r llriti.l, l,;,fin„s rlu, nict.T Inr |„„lu|,r ;,n,| ij.nil„;,;,ity miIKt.. Tin- i;,tr of Sir ||,m.|, WiHon-lil.v .•..nl l,is '•""i|i,iiii.,ii.s iMTiUiif kiiuuii t,. u^, iH'caiis,. th,' s.viH. ..r the •ii''!.'nH-li(.ly .■aLYstinpl,,. was within th.^ ran-v ..f his fcllovy?- iii.iii's haunts and wan-lnin-s : i.„t. unhappily, it is n..t s.. with ^i- -l-'lin Franklin an-l his asMM-iatrs— they an,- iH.yon.l cun,.- '""nlrati.,!, with thi' rivilixc.l w.-rld. Cnt nir iV,,ni it, thiy ran nrviT l.c ivi-owif-l, ,„• th,. .pu.sti,,,, ,,f th..ir (.xistcn.v set at ivst, „ah'sss<„nihl ; happily, tl.r aiva within whi.-h rllnrts may he .■nn,vntvat<'.l is .•iivuinsciilM.l, I,„t nMU'wcl sraivji is inipcrativ'O. To k.rp aliv tla> ivc-lhrtinn ..f th.- hapl,.ss. l""H..n. p..siti.a. (.r nnr missin- countrynH.n is (Jj,. pmi,a,y <'l'.i^'«'t' «'f this v,>lnni,'. Will, Ihiliux-. n..tuithstan.lin- th,. iHTsrwrin- rfluits of .„„• -lanii- sail.Ts, in the- past; we '■"""'^' f'''"'^ ^1'!- "ir-'-i! t" 'i... i;,itish nati,,n, >,, ,vn.,wi,r.| '"!• its -vn,.,,M,s hniiianity will 1„. ,,i,,,|,. i,, \ain. I CONTKiNTS. rrcfiiop . vu.r Introduption — -Iho 01,1 \\or(liics bv Sea and by Laud . , ,. and augban .e,-o,., M.ddIe,on-ir.a,.ne, Ma..I..,.aLj.bi,; to : u. l>ol.. Cook and Clcrke to g.t iXoHb-KasI f.o.a Bcln.i,/. .Str _ Ii.ke..gu a,Kl Vo.n„ ,0 >ncot than by Davi.'s St..„i,-N..u- iC.s- ^ .r s!:: ;-s:.:;; ';'\'^r ,r^ °^ c>...nia..a-.. .01. .an.o.-4;;:; o( OK ..ij\ —ijiiteh ul Arctic JltTOfs . ,_ , Cta.^bu ni.-Koyal Clcograpbical Society invites Opinions on the Xo■•,l:^^•c ^ llu Kydrograpbc-s-Sn- John Hoss'.s- The Tm-or Sail. - Iv.sc Mnd Sn,,^.^Sn-K r.Mn..hi.on-Sn. Jolna^anWs Plan adopt',- t:^^^^ Ihc A,.^.„ auai.n-or Connnissione-I-Sir John Frankiin , nd C'apt Cro ic,. an.tuctjon.-K.|Icc<,on.H-liu. An>en,.an.-F,.anco--j;„.sia-(,H,. iilors -ihe ,V.arch-.Sn- Join FrankHn - Jind of IsiG SI,- Ini - Opinion. a.kedf...-„u,.on. Bay Co,npa„y-Ln'nl:"' '°"" ^^l' """aPC "';r\;'''''"%l''— «--^-Ad,ni.al Eocchcv'. Tlans-D,. 03-72 (....vrxKH ^ .-/v.... Sails fb. Edn-ing'. Strait, and y/..,A/-Kun,ours ,ro„, eels Rn-er-Sn- Join. Richardson's Final Plan -Dr. Kin " PI Opnuons on ,t-Re,narks-Re«.ards-Lady Franklin to M.^^^JJT^T, .lohn Richardson and Dr. Rao start for the Macken.ie-Sir J C Capt. Ei.,-I..trnctions-The E.^-,... and I.c.J^^ ^^1^::: -Peel's River Report again-1818 closes. . . ys'll^^ C,r.vi.TEE Vl.-Intelligence from Sir J. C. Ross-Opinions- AVM S7 • l^ •, ^'' Lieu^..nt S Osborn and the Xorth-West cinti::t ^ .; ^ ^7 t.onal Rewards Offered by Government and Ladv Franklin D An ^u.k's Flan of a Roat Exped.ion-Sir John R.ha;dso:^'R ~ -Si^ Vol Sa John lucliardson Amvcs-Dr Rae left to renew Search of ^^ollastou JR.; MrCh, ^ '^r'^^'-'^r "^"'^-'^ ^^^y C-"P-.v to -enei Scare i- J).. Rac-Mr. Christopher-Capt. Pcnny-Rehring's Strait-lSiy ends. CH.PX.U VII.-Xew Year Sad bnt AeHvc-Xcw Phms-Dr. M.j;:~"! iilXTlCN IS. Lieutenant S. ( Klxini-— Ladv Fi'anklni--()(ri'r> "\' Scrviri' from C'a]it. IJciil, Kuv. .F. WcilT, IJ. A. Gnodsir— Sir Julin Ross'm riaii— Caiil. Collinscm and Coniinandfi' M'Clurc Sail for lichrini^'s Strait — TiiS'ti'iictidns — " ()l>si'rv('r " - ]Iyd)'nirraplu'i''s New Ex]U'dilion to i'arrow's Strait- < >iiinii)iis — Hamilton, I'arrv, Sabine, Jiack, Dici-Iha, Uirjiard.-un i\cMiai'];s — Lady FraiiMin — Addi- tional Ollirs ol' Scarili from W. I*. Snow, .lulm jM'Li'aii, I S. Anariea, Licai- tiMiant S. Oshorn— Remarks — Dr. Scoresliy"s OIUm's (jT Srarcli IVom S. Hn^scl liartlett— ('apt. W. F. Lyndi, I'.S.N.— Cajit. Wilkus, I'.S.N. 111—113 t'M.M'TKK VTIl.— J)r, Kini,'— Sir K. 11. lngli»— Knnarks— Lirntiiiant Pnlleii— Br. Rao — t'ajit. Penny and Mr. Stewart Sail — L'struelion.> — llrniarks — Capt.s. Anstin and Onnnaney Sail— Instructions -Sir John Koss Sails — ^fr. Grinnil — The Amcriean Kxi)rdition nuder Lieutenant ile Haven Sails — Ecmaiks — Princi' Alficrt, Coitiniander Forsyth, R.M., Sails- — Fsquiniaux (.\dam Iji'ek's) Re])ort — J'r/iin- Alhcrl Ketnrns — First Traces of Frank- lin at Point Riley and I'eerlny Island — Royal (ieojjraphii'al Society— Our Views- Remarks— Year isrj(»el.)scs. . . 111—1(31) Cli.vi'TKK I.\.—rians— Admiral Tayl(jr"s— \V. i'. Snow's— lieJu'in-j's Strait Exjie- dition - Kellett and Moore — Keports- Lieutenant I'im — C'ollinson and IM'Clure Sail for the North— (^ollinson compelled to Return — Prince AILti't Sails under INfr. Kennedy and Lieutenant Eellot, F.I.N. — Instructions — LieuteiK.nl I'ullen and !\fr. W 11. llc.nper— Behrin^^'s Strait Squadron — l'a])t. (.'' llins(jn^Lieutenant liarnard- Ivindness i)f the Ru^slan Authorities — Unouected Arrival of Ca[>ts. Austin and ( >intiiane_\, and of C'apt. Penny and I\lr. Sti'wart — Committee of ln(|uiry — TravellinLT L'arties — (Tnnnaney, S. Osborn, Browne, Aldrich, M'Ciintoek, ile. — RcsuHs— Remai'ks — IVnny, Stewart, Sutherland, Uoodsir, .Miirshall, cVc- -Results -Remarks. 17U— 1alloon ])r. Rae's Opinion The Ameri- can Expedition Ri'turns — Fearful Drift in the Ice — Dr. Rae I'^xamines AVollasfon Land — Lieutenant W. 11. lloO|ier"s Plan — Dr. M'Cormiek's — Mr. Roome's — ('apt. R. Maguire's Plan — Connnander PuUen's — Ik'hring's Strait Squadron — CoUinson, Moore, Welle.-ley — Death of Lieutenant Barnard — Colhnson Sails for the North -L'edectinns- 'Ihe Year 1S,->1 ends. 214 - 233 CllAl'TKU XL* — Home Thou;.dil.- — (.11)1. Penny again OHi'rs his Services — Cajit. S. (Isborn's New I'lan — Sir .John Ross's renewed Offer of Service — Adam Beck's Tales Rejuscilatcd— :Mr. D. Beal.-on's Plan, addressed to Sir \l. I. Murehison, Pri'sident of the Royal Geogra['hieal Society- Remarks- ^Mr. A. Peterinann's Plan, cid Novaia Zemlia— Remarks — Capt Wilkes, CS. Navy, A'iews on the Search — Two Ships Seen in the Ice oil' Newfoundland — The Admirallv direit Ca|)t. On;man(n- to Kxamiin' the Re))ort — Hi- Opinion — (DNTKXTS. \l Dr. U;i(; KkmuIw^ Viclcriii l.aud, and di^covor.. RHir- .,r Oov.-nmi.-iit Ships' Fittings -Kounirlus-^Sii- EduMi-d IJri.'lipr and Cipi. KvllvH Sail for Harrow's Strait— Tustractions— RL-iiiarks — Si,- VAw^vd |!, Ichor taixcs tl„. ■Wcllin-^'m Chaniid and Cai^t. Kfll-tf (he .AreiviU,- I>land Route- l.in.fcnaiil, \V. 11". Hooiht's I'lan-rmportant I.rltn- of ( 'apt. V it/.ja.nr.s-rvclWtion,.— Dr. Uao „\\Ws Siiggcstion- -Conuuandcr li^lWirld .-^ail. l\u- Suiitli's Sound -- Conimander Ji:. Trollop.- oilers Servirrs, riu Spitzheru'eu and Xova /eii.I.la — Tlu" I'rinrr .tlhi'H, Kennedy and ]!ell,.t, Arrives- -Their Kep,.r( Remarks— (apt. Oinnianey oilers Service, to attenipl l„ reaeh the NoWl, Pole— f,nu- niand.r fn-lelleld returns-His 7>annnr Voyaire-Capt. IVnnv Mi-'.-ts Two Plans— Deor with Slit Ears at Spitzl)er;,a'u. , '. ^;{ )—•>-•> CirAi-T.-ni Xn.— Pelermann's revised Plan -Ohservat ions thereon - liehrin-'s Strait Searching Ships— Eellections on the t'lo.so of tliu- Year IK>2. -273— -STH CllAPTKU Xlir.-Xew y-ar ^Slate of Feeling-Kennedy's projected ]'xp..li„on to iiehrnig's Strait in the JsahcL hut ahandoned— 7'Ar-;,/.i' sails Cor ]!ceeliev Is!and-.\ddiiional In.^tnietious 'o Sir Kdward liclelu.r-Li.ulenant l!,.ll,,i F.I.N.— Second American Ex].edilion sails for Smith's Sound, un.ler J)r' Kano-l5asi3 of the Voyage-Remarks W. Parker Snow's j-rojcvted l-xpc' iliticm from INrdhourne (o l!ehriic/s Strait ahandoncd— 7'/,,, ,//.,• return^- Capt. In-lefield's Dopatclu's— Death of Lieutenant JJellot— Sir Kduai'd P.elcher's Despatches— Winters in Norlhumberlaiid Sound— His J3iseoveries — Remarks— Report of his ■{'ravelling i'm-t ie.s— Commander Ki.'hards— Lieu- tenant S. Osl)orn— ./.wV„»ce and Thnrer leave Xorthumberl.and Sound --- ('a],t. Jlenry Kellett's Despatches-Winters at Dealy Island, J5ridport Jnlef — Pr.'parations for Spring Journeys-Lieutenant Arecham discovers C'omm-mol, in Prince of Wales' Strait-IIis Searching Parties dcsiuitched-Their liout(>s and Rcults -New Tribe of Esqnimaux-Capt. M'Clure's Opinion as to the .Mi.>in.r E-.peditioii— Eeturns to the South, .and again to the Xorth hv the West Side of Paring Island - Tcrrilic Xavigafiou - Bay of Mercv-Wintcrs there' 1851-oi-Visits :\Ielvillo Islaud-Dctention— Intentions-- Winters, IS,V'-V5 -His Obsernitions-Bemarks-l,ieuteuaut Pim arrives on boai'd tlie AJr"v'//. //«/o/-— Arrangements— Conunander Pidlen's Despatehes-llis Vi-ii u> Mik- well Bay— Dr. M'Cormiek's Boat Pa.'ty-JJemarks-Tho Press at Jlonie- Rumoui-ed New Arctie Expedilion-Exploratiou-Controvcrsy-lu'dclicld Petermann, and the late Admiral Beoehey- Despatches from Bchrin.^'s Strait' -Capt^ Frederiek-Comnianders Maguire and Trollope-RcUections on the Closeof the \ear iSuo . . •>'tj_-}.>-. xn 1 ON ii;\is (-'iiAi'Ti-.R \V. — lloiiii'- lldpc l>ciiic(l — Aildilioiml ln-(riir)i,,iis tu lidirin-'.- Slrnit Siiumlroii- Adinirilty Ni'ticr Ui lIiiiHivo tlii' Niitiics of iM'aiikliii iind liis OlIiriTS IVoiii l!ic " .N;ivy l/st ''- -( )lllciMl Injii-tirc — Tlicir Nmncs arr l'"ra-r(l — Tlou^r ol' ('oiiiiiinn?^ ; Sir Tliinnas Aclaud iiml Sir .laniis '.irahaiii — lu'iuarks-- Till' J'/nmix a;;aii] .-ail> iuf licL-clu'y Inland --.Additional liisli'iu- tioiL-* to Sir lOdward Jjcldi r — Phuiiix ivturiis — Cupt. Iiiglfflt'ld's Dcsimtcli — Sliijis aliaiidoiifd — Sir Edward Drlclur mid Ca))t. Kcllult, tlioir Oiliccrs and Crews, I'cturn in tlie Plianiv and yorth Slur — Sir Edward JJi'lclicr's Dcspatclic's — AWstern F.iitranci' of Jones's Sound — Arthur's Strait — Buekin^- liain l-land-Ilis Opinion iv/^ardiiig llic Franklin ENjiodition — Remarks — .is\isl(tiiri and /'/t/z/cfj' abandoned — ('ajjt. K'elletl's Despatelies — ^lercy Bay — C'ajit M'L'lure — l)rs. Arinstnnig and ])onivilli' — ///jw^jff/o;' abnndone(l — ('apt. Kellett's Travelling Parties— M'Cliutoek and De Bray— .Mecliani and Nares — iraniilton and JM'Dougall — Results — Ships Blown out from Deuly i^iaHd — A\'inli'i' in the lee olf Cape Coekliurn — Meeliam's I'npreeedentod Journey — ICrahhe — Remarks — Dr. Rae — Esi|uiniaux JJeport — J'ositivo Traces of the I'ranklin I'Jxjiedition — Tarty I'tri>hetl — A\'here did that I'arty eonio fi'om ? — Reileetions— I'eel Sound — iS'ew Strait — New Expedition — Anderson and Stewart— Behring's Strait — liifeljit'enee — Cajit. C'oilinson — His l)e- spatclie-i — His 'i'l'avelliug I'arlies — l'"urtlicr Trai.-es — Remarks— 'J'he Year 185-4 ends. ..... 321—389 Cir.MTiiK .W'l. Reileetions — Capt. C'oilinson Returns — Seleet Committee'*— Claim.- of Capts. Ivelletl, CoUinson, imd M'Clure — Remarks — Who Dis- covered the jSorlh-West Passaj^e 'r* — Dr. Kane Rk'turiis — 'lis Rejiort — Does a I'olar Sea ]'"xist? — Esquimaux New 'J'i'il)e— Seurvy — J<(.voa'e aliandoned — j\rrive at Fpernavik- I.ii'utenant llarlslein — Air. Grinnell — Mr. JV'al)ody — iMulof Year IS.",:,. . . , . , IWO— lUl CnAi'Tr:!! XA'II.— New \v\\v — Conjeetinv still Wandering — Anderson and Stewart Return--Tlieir ]{eport — Remarks— Reward Adjudieated to Dr. Rae— The Summary of Ojiinions — The only Conelusion from them — The South-West rejeeted, and the North adopted — The Result— Our Sailors — Arctic Autho- ritii's — Our Present Views as to tlie Course taken by the lost Navigators — Are there any Survivor- r .... 402 — l-2;i CuAi'iint XYlll. — Has all bem done that ean be done"? — Dr King's Plan — Mr. A. Ci. Eindlay on Ihc Tec-Borne Ships seen olf Newfoundland — Capt. Beeher, R.N. — Reileetions on the Franklin Expedition — Lady Franklin — Dr. Kane's Opinions— Capt. Riehards'>, R.N., Plan — Sir R. I. Murehison — Memorial to Ford I'almerston Lord \\'rotlesley — Lieutenant Pirn's I'lan — Dr. Khig and Lieutenant Pirn's United i'lan — Reileetions on the Close of tlie Year 18oG. 424—435 Cm.WTKK XIX.- -The New Year— Renewed Hope— Dr. M'Conniek's Plan— Mr. Roebuck- -Report — Air. Napier — House of Commons — fiovcrnmcnt Decision — Sir R. I. Murehison and the Final Expedition — Capt. Allen Younp — The Fox, Capt. ]\PClintoek, Sails— The Object of the Voyage— Last News- Remarks— Conclusion. .... 43G— 414• Allpendi\— List of AVorks on .Vretie Subjects— Index. . . 445 — 452 i« to IJfliriii^'.- I'Viniklin iind cir iS'iiini's arc nus Grnliain— lioiial Jiistrui- I's JJi.'s]iatL'li — nr Oillccrs and •ard JJclchor's "iil--l)uc'kiiin- II — Eeniarks — s — JMci'cy Uay 'or abandoned -iMecIiam and I IVoMi IX'aly "npivcodcntod "ositive Traces 1 I'arty conio on— Andei-son in — If is l)c- 'lic Year ISut 321—389 Cuinniittoo— i— Wlio Dia- 'port — i:>oes a abandoned — v. JVabodv — ;Ji)0— 101 land Stewart r. Kae— Tho Soutli-Wcst relic Autlio- Navigators — 402 — 123 V Plan— Mr. ;"apt. Eeeher, —Dr. Kane's -Memorial to h: King and ear 18oG. 421—435 i Plan— Mr. cnt Decision iTounpr— The ast Nev,-? — 13G-414 ,1 445— /!,->: ^ £. Stiitihiiv , Ch.wiiio ..,. do 1,0.0 obtained from the natives of CamWid.^'B,? m" ' ..aval .,„ce, Lk, beaH,,,, t, '. ^n!' trubtb^Z;" Z'ffand above all m interest'* tli.> c+ni , • • ^ -i^Ncn (^ana u.ob,di„, an ord::::;dti:;^'an:i:,^:;i™Xe't'";'^ '"'-'• tavn,, belonged t,, Sir Job„ F.nldin and othto, 'ot ti 7™*:; xp«l,t,on -c™, tl,e»e, wit], tbo eahnnitous report conn ted »th them, obtamed from the Es,|„imaux of I'cllv Bav nSTl T , the exertions of Br. liae— t ,e«e ,11 .„! , "/l*"^'- ''"'' "!»» to thoy indicate signiiieantl, a ^t le ,„ urft;';," '""' .'^V^ .tedfastl, .„„,bt for cxpeLio'n ; „1„,: '.r ti™ t tt:::^ ^c^ of a portion of the gallant officers and men of ih., "° /'.^"^in tact .H3hed nnder the mo. »i.erab,e" -rr,:::,;:: S^;;,;" r:f rNTKUDrCTI IN. II \ ! f I entirely solve tlio mystOTy, tlioy till r.s tlicnncl lnl(Mif tliowlioronbouts and I'ato of ji part, but tho wcil'ar" tjcncrallj. of tlic cxpnlilioii, lU weal or woo, its sat'i'ty or its ilnom, •cinaiii an iiicxplicalily dark as i.-vcr. Mat of those iiiii)ortant roliciida', niovo niioii ; tlioy iiivolvo incpiiriea too Horious to 1)0 lif,dilly paHsid over; tiioiit hiil si)j;iii(icaiil is tlio tale tlioy toll, involvinj? inipoi-tant inforoncos, os|)oc'ially ll.o oarlior rulios of Ka(! and Collins')n, 1S51-2 and '>), as to tlio dircctinn in wliidi wo must look, if wo would loarn moro of tlio pusit ion of tho Kxpidiliou or its roinaina. AV^o foar tlioy have not oblaiiioil snUioiont atloiition. Thus arc we unhappily j)lacod after six yoars of ri'j;id search, eon- ducted, with rare exemptions, with an order, oiieri,'y, and porseveranoc above all praise: Htill every exertion has failed to [leiieirati! tho gloomy mystery hanging over the fate of the lainoided P'raiiklin and his gallant companions; in vain have we tried to lift the awful veil: hidden from our eyes, he and they have become, and all that concerns thom their joys or their sorrows, as it were, a sonliil book to us. Still memory lingers fondly over them, recalls them in the past under a thousand forms, in scenes, happy sc(>nes in yeai-s jj;ono by, sees and follows them in the desolate region where scienei' and honour had called them, and pauses, lingering, hoping that hoi)o might arise, nnwilling to forsake, and incredulous to bi'lieve that all are gone. She yet vivilics the dreary solitude with the animation of our ill- starrod countrymen; she mourns a part as aln-iuly lost, whose sull'erings are with the past; but she forbids the hasty assumption that all have perisbed; — the inured manly form, the hardy youth in his beauty, these she conceives may yet live, harboured by tho wild Esquimaux, or, self-sustained, are acelimati/.od and supported by a more energetic, persevering skill, and a superior management. Thought, ever restless, would penetrate the future; she wails their long absence, and weighs the probabilities of support, of life, and of return. To her, a small but bright ray yet exists, and hope is sustained by it ; for she doubts the power of the fell destroyer over tho will of the strong man in his prime, the self-reliant, him to whom the life of tho land and the sea are alike tributary. Thought, too, impatient of failure, scans the means adopted, and the causes t hat have led to sueli barren residts; she questions and doubts the judgment which has terminated iu such lamentable wau. of success. " Turn, busy thought, turn from them:" but "thought repelled, resenting rallies," reasons, and questions, — All i/our eiforts have failed to trace the absent ones, those so dear to our hearts : you directed their footsteps, have you followed after them P Has all been done that can be doue to restore i iNTiioiti crroy. .1 lioronbouts '(lit'u)n, its u'k ax fVtT. n|uir'n'S too is Ihc talc iiTirr irlics II uhifli wo :[)i'ilitioii or tt'iition. <('an'li, t'on- crscvi'rain'c lu'trato tlio raiildiu and awful veil: ml coiiceriia I look to us. > past uudtT bv, Bces and honour had miL;lit ariso, J I are gone. |i of our ill- ost, ^vhose assumptioTi Iv yo\illi in l)y th(^ wikl lortrd hy a t. ThouL^ht, tlicir long d of return, ainrd by it ; will of the ' life of tho uiputieut of k'd to sueh which haa sy thou,u;ht, I's," reasons, Lbsent ones, l)s, have you le to restore tho ;,'allan( IVaiilvlin ami liis devoleil coinpnnions to llieir country and tlit'ir liomc? Having' iiivoii Ihccpicstion of a \orlh-'\\Vst Passnije. and tht» Arctic in(|uiric.s arising,' out of it, nuich and long ronsiiK-ralion (since lsl7), unl)iassc(l ''y idutine, and free to tiiink, we are conijicllcd to confesH, however dijtiiiclined to diUcr from Arctic authorities, that while W(» ndnut the nineere de.siri' on tho part of those who plainied tho searching expeditions to advise and to act riglitly, and cheerlully neknowledge the great zeal and merit of all tlu* ollleers and crews of the searching Sipiadrons, whether public; or private,- for, with excep- tions, they have nolily done their iluty,--still wi- cannot bring our minds to think that all has been done that can l>e done, nor nuieh less can W(> join with those who think we have sought the KrrhiiH and Terror in the right direction : we do think, and have ever thought, that from the period (is.'O) when we rejected the search by the Houthern side of Harrow's Straits for the northern (in other W(>rds, (h'parled from the tenor of the instructions given to I'^raiddin en his departure in ISin), from that time we have been in pursuit of a myth. IMaiidy to speak, we think that all search by the Xorth, wliether by the AVellini,'lon Channel, or .Tones' or Smith's Sounds, has b(!en so much precious tinu> lost, so much sullering unnecessarily inilicted, and the valuable qualities for daring, endurance, Jkc, of our heroic ojliccrs and men unwisely trilled with. Hut nnhappily this i.s not tho only sourco for deep regret ; w ho can say w hat this sad hallucination may not have led to? One dares not contem[)hite tho dreadful results of disappointment, sullering, and sorrow, on board the doomed J^rchus and Terror ! B 2 ' 1 CIIAPTEll I. A GLANCE AT TFIK OindlN OF TIIH QUT'STrON OF A iNDUTll-WKST J»ASSA(il":. TU£ "OLU WOKTIIIKS" IIV Hi:.\ AM) IIV I, AND, TO \(V.i\ . Tt in srni'ccly iioooHsary to ivcapitiilnlc in our day, wlicn .Arctic entcrprisu lias Ix'uii td to "set up" the "banner of HnL,'land."t To these men, then, may be attributed the glory of having raised the s[)irit of marilimo discovery; the first instalment of which was the " Lonileand Isles" J of continental Xorth America. " l''or. though Columbus had found certain isles, it was 11!)S before he saw the continent, which was a year after Cabot ; so that, in reality, the honour of this great discovery is as nnich, or more, due to the Knglish nation than to the Spanish. Americus, from whom this whole continent has taken its name, only swept away the gleaiungs (if T may be allowed tho expression) of these two great discoverers; but Sebastian Cabot went further than all of them, for lie sailed to about 40° southwaril of tho line, ami to 07'' towards the North." § AVe have dwelt with a lingering fondness on the memory and merits of the Cabotas, for they invoked the latent spirit of our beloved country : by them, the example they gave, and the knowledge * Lwliiml's "^'aval History," vol. i., ].. S7. t "Memoir of C'libot" (JJiddle), tlio original patent, pji, 7G and 77. J "Mmoir of Cabot" {ihi(l.),\h 70. § See Lcdiard's "\avul Jlistory," vol. i., p. SS , tho tostimony of John Smith " author" of the " General llistory of Virgiui*." i ) ii!! i li ! TlIK "OM) WORTIIIKS they bpqncalhpcl to us, has resulted the exalted position we hold; by it Jjritaiu altaini'd the liij;avo a continent to England ; yet no one can point to the few feet of earth she has allowed them iu return."* Alas! their deeds oi' tiieir memories have had scarcely their meed of ])raise, scarcely justice. Thus from the t'abotas originated in J-^iighuid tiie lirst ielea of a >iorth-West I'assiigi', and they were the iirst to show the way and practically to atttMiipt to solve it. It seems that Jlenry Yll. countenanced it, but it is doul)t- ful if he did more; the first charter granted to the I'abotas says, " upon th(Mr own i)ro|)(>r costs and charges ;"t but whether lie aided in the iitting out of the first expedition or not is uncertain. Jie this as it may, the merchants were not slow to act on the suggestions of the Cabotas — ''men of great wisdom and gravity;" they saw at once tiio great advantages that would accrue to thcmsehes if, by any pro- bability, the ])assage could be made. "Diners marchants of London ventured in her (John Cabota's sliip) small stockes," "and in the company of the said ship, sailed, also out of Bristow, three or Ibure small shi[)s IVaught with sleiglit and grosse merchandizes, imposi- tions, tlie rol)beries. and the losses, arising from and besetting both tlu> long aiul then onlv known routes to Ciiina, India, and the Spice Islaiuls. They knew of the perils of the stormy ca|)e (of Good .llopcO. and the hazardous nature of all transport by the Levant, both alike injui-ions to tluMr interests. Can we greatly woiuler, then, that they should turn their minds to a shorter route and brighter pros- pects, and give their best energies to the NoHh ? by w Inch the Indies and Cathaio might be cpiicker reached, either by the " Londc and Ish^s" " of lati< found by the said .lohn Kabatto" (Cabot) that is, by the West unto the Jvist, " where spices growo, by a way that was never knowiMi b(.'fore,"§ that is, by a ]S\)rth-AVest passage. Or, if by an easterly course along the iu)rthern coasts of Enro[)e, attain the sanu^ object by a Xorth-East passage. It has been charged to the old "marchants" that they were iu- * "Mi-nioir of Cabot" (IJidcllo), p. 2?3. t Lediai'd'd "Naval Jlistory," vol. i., ]>. 85, qiiotiiiii ITalduyt, part iii., p. •!. X Soo "Eobevt Fabic I's Clironid."," Ifalduji Sucu'ty's \'oi., IH.'.O (Rmnlall), p. 2;{ ; and " :\Iemoir oi' Cabot" (Biddlo), p. 13 ; and Lediard'd " Naval History," vol. i., p. .SS. § Hakluyt, part iii., p. G; Lediard's "Naval HiBtory," vol. i., p. "7. » , 1 we hold ; liy ids, tliL' pride t to Eiiglund ; lowed tlu'iii iu ; had at-arfi'ly the C'ahotaa l'af. Or, if )e, attain the hev were in- •t iii., p. 4. J (HuikImII), p. I History," vol. •7. BV 8EA XSO U\ LAND. y /luenccd solely by tlieir covetousness, and were not wont to regard "vertne withont «nre, certaine, and present gainos;" and even the estnnabh. llalvhu t, ;.i hi. ■' Epistle Dedieatorie," seems led awav by -i .snudarleelni-: - Certes, if hetherto in our own discoueries we liad not beene led with a preposterous desire of seekinir rather gaine than God's glorie, 1 assure myself that our labours had taken liu-re better ellecte." * This charge, to «ay the least of it, is not over just towards the "old worthies;" for do we not find the kings of "«painc" and " I'oHugale" (in o],posite directions) solely influenced by the delire to obtain the "wealth of .Mangi, Cathay, and other provinces beloncr, ing to tiie Grand Khan" v ,^e., "so that by" "the orient and Occident they haue compassed the worlde." Jint they mixed up a seeming religion with it, " pretending, in glorious wonls, that they |";i'e then- di.scoueries chielly to convert intidelles to our most holy iaitl. (as they say)," but "in deed and truth sought not them but (lieir goods and riches," so says the worthy llakluyt. .Again with us, was It not the setting forth by ,I„hu Ca'bot to ll'enry A'll '• tliat 1'^' 'Hade no doubt he culd" " lind out islands or couiUries abound, ing wnh ricli commodities, as Columbus had lately done" that ludiu-ed that monarch to lend "a willing ear" to his proposarr- Ihe iacts are -the Aorth-West cpiestion was brought so promi- nently, so vuidly before th-> attention of all, from the highest to the lowest, the -lian.ls ami lands" were so invested with the\-omanee of weall h, in all ,ts lascinating forms, all that was rich and rare, -ems and " spicene," in every thought and form, to allure to realms unknown that lungs, nobles, lawyers, meivhants, each and all, were excited in he last degree, and each and all entered on the great cpiestion of a iassage, trusting and hoping to share in the sure, solid results that were to iollow. io impL.te, tlum, to the merchants alone the char-^o ot covetousness is manifestly unjust. It is not too much to say "if the " marchauts," with the Cabotas at their head, had not equipi'.ed this irst expedition, it never would have sailed, and J'].,gland would have h.st the glory of the iirat discovery of tiie American continent. Unit the spirit ot tralllc and commercial speculation entered largely ;"(o the views of the first promoters of this great geograpll-al mquuy, there is not a doubt. " Gold, liubies, Diamonds, IJolasses, Granates. lacncts, and other stones and pearles,"t had then, as now u potent influence. .But let no man sneer at fhis as an unworthy 13 -.nd U.*'' '"'''^■'' ^^"^■' ''^'' "^^"" ^^'^^"°"^' '^^•' ^y J- ^^''»t- Jones," pp. t I'ud. 8 THE "OM) WOHTHIF.S I' I ' I motive ; the first impulse to great acta does not always take a pure form, it often arises under a questionable phase. How often is it marked by the love of \m)\\ 'r, yelepted freedom, honour, and glory, or under an imagined sense of wrong! How often has it set mankind together by the ears, warring against each other, to the cruel injury of the mass and the beuclit of the tew ! How much more to be priz(Ml the arts of peace — commei-ce excited and aided by science, than all tlie wild uproar, misery, and ruin concomitant with war! " J-'orasnuich as the great and ahnighty (iod hath given unto man- kind, above all otlu'r living creatures, such a heart and desire that every man covets to join friendship with >.tliers, to love and to be loved, als(; to give and receive mutual benelits, — It is, therefore, the dn*^y of all men, according to their power, to maintain and encrease this desire in every man, with well deserving i ^ all men" — " As well to seek such things as we lack, as also to carry luito them, from our regions, such things as chey lack, so that hereby not only commodity may ensue both to them and Us, but also an indissoluble and perma- nent league of friendship be established between Us both,"* &e. Man is nf)t changed ; the love of filthy lucre is equally strong ; but at the ])resent time it is a question if it is continued with the same elevated spirit of honesty and fair dealing as in those of old. Again, embarking their "ventures," as they did in such ships, seeking to find out " unkiiowen lands," what hope had they of " certaine and present gaines ?" Such a thought is simply ridiculous. No ; a higher purpose ruled them, and that was the thought "that there is a straight and short way open unto the West — even vnto Cathay." f The nuH'chant adventurers sntlered great losses; their " marquissot of golde " had turned out valueless. This gives occasion to the worthy Hakluyt tor the remark, " I trust that nowe, being taught by their manifolde losses, our men will take a more (iodly course." This is rather severe from that good old man, after pointing them to a "lande where cinamon and clones are growing," and telling them, "the time approacheth, and nowe is, that v>o of England may share aiul part stakes (if we will our selves) both with the Spaniarde and the Portingale, in part of Anu>rica and other regions as yet undis- couered, and surely if there were in vs that desire to aduance the honour of our countrie which ought to be in every good man, wee woulde not all this while have foreslowne the possessing of those * Sec "Letters Missive from King Edward VI.," Ilakluyt, part i., p. 231; Lecliiird's "Naval History," vol. i., p. 117, &c. t See Hakluyt Society's Vol., 1850, " Divers Voyages by J. Winter Joue?," p. 13. !l|f BY SEA AN'U BY LAND. take a pure i' often is it md glory, or set mankind cruel injury more to be by science, t Avith war! II unto man- l desire that e and to be lieretbrf.. tlic and eucrease ' — " As well ■m, from our f connnodity i and pernia- both,"* &c. strong; but itli the same old. Again, I'kiiiir to find and present };her purpose straight and marquissot ion to the taught by y course," ing them to ling them, may sliare niard(^ and yet inidis- luance the 1 man, wee g of those t i., p. 231 ; Jones," p. 13. landes, whichc of equitic and right appertaine vnto vs." * Admitting the love of gain, still it was tempered with self denial, and with a chivalry for daring enterprise; and bofli were subjected to the science of the day, which last was encouraged, and allowed, on the v.'hole, full ]'lay. Tlic love of Irallic is no way dishonourabh; in itself; it is only Avhen pursued inordinately tliat it beconu's base and unworthv. But in our case this was scarci'ly likely, when; the in- fluencing motives are, " yf the yssue prou(> good, they are like to be ptakers of that good; and yf itt should succede otherwise, yet the deed is charitable ;"t wealth connecting herself with the dangers and uncertainties of discovery with such ])rinciples cannot be pre- sumed seKish, or to look for "sure, certaine, and ])resent gaines." The results tell of " manifolde losses" to tiie merchants; but science was enriched, and the nation was benefited, and the name of Englaiul was in the end made glorious, "farr(> more then can be done by any of all these great troul)les and warres, which dayly are vsed in Europe among the niis(>rabl(! christian people.";]: Let it not be forgotten, that these time-honoured " old worthies," these rich "mei-chaunts," did it. Their names will last while "England is true to herself." Thickly are they strewed around the " londe and isles" their enterprising spirit had given to their country, giving an interest to and adorning many an otherwi.se solitary, desolate spot. Kings, queens, princes, royal maids and matrons, our Jfenries, .Elizabeth, Charles, Aim, itc., are loyally remembered ; as are dutifully many noble patrons — Xottingham, Salisbury, E.xeter, Southampton, itc, their true names lost in their titles. But who can notice the proper names without a deep interest in what they said ami what fliey did r'— Dudley Digges, Lanca.ster, Jones, Smith, Koe, Button, and ihat " iu>ver failing friend of the voyage," Wolst(>nholuie, iVlaster Lok, &c. Who can i'<>ad the quaint titles given to places, as " Brook (^obham," " Briggs' .Mathematics," " Cary's Swans' Xest," "Hubert's llopo," "Hopes Checked," and " llope Advanced," without entering into their hopes and fears, esteeming and Avishfnl to know more of them; how thi-y "lived, and moved, and had Iheir being;" how their generals and captains fared; of the hapless Hudson, of John Davis, of Baffin, of X. W. Eoxe, aiul a host of * •' Epistle Dedicatorie," Ilakhiyt Society's Vol., 18^0, " Divers Voyages f)y J, Winter Jones," pp. 8, 11, and It. t See "Voyages towards tlie North West by Thomas Kundall," Ilakluyt Society's Vol., 1819, p. 151. X "Divcre Voyages hy J. Winter Jones," Hakhiyt S-oeiety's Vol., ISGO, p. 25. 10 Tllli OIi\t opportunity to pass without offering a still more explicit and decided testimony to the value of their labours. The accounts of Hudson, Baflin, and Davis, arc the productions of men of no common stamp. They evidently relate things just as they saw them, dwelling on such nautical and hydrographical notices as, even at this day, are valuable to any seaman going over the same ground ; and describing every appearance of nature, whether on the land, the sea, or the ice, with a degree of faithfulness which can alone, perhaps, be duly appreciated by those who succeed them in the same regions, and under similar circumstances It is, indeed, impossible for any one, personally acquainted with the phenomena of the Icy Seas, to peruse the plain and unpretending narratives of these * See the Introduction to Pliipps' "Voyage towards the North Pole," 1773, p. U. t " Journal of the Third Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage in 1824 and 25," pp. 181-83. li rilK 'OLD WOUTIIIKS liV SKA \M) IIY I, AND. |i ! navirr.itors, Avilliout rorotfTii/.ini,'. in iilinosf fvory cn't'iii tliov relate, yonic ('ii'ouiiistanoo tiimiliai* to liis own rocollcction and (>x|H'rii'n('o, and iiicctini:!; with nninlx'rlcss roniarkswliicli bear most about i i_[mvoea Wiiilo thus doinn; justic'(> to the faitlifulnoss and accuracy lly llCIII tl w impress oi truth. ith which tlicy rcconh'd tlicir discoveries, one cannot h'ss admire tlie in- trepidity, perseveraiu'(>, and sivill, with which, iiiadc(iuately t'urnisliod as tliey were, tlioso discoveries were ell'ected, and every diJllculty and danper braverl. "That any ninii, in a sinplo frail vessel of fivo-and-tAventy tons, ill- found in most vspects, and whollv nnprovicU'd for winterinfj. liaving itend Avitli •II to contend avuii a thousand real ditlu'ult les, as well as witli numoer- less imai;iiiary ones, Avhich the superstitions then existing; among sailors would not fail to conjure np,— that any man under such cir- cumstances should, two hvuidrcd years aujo, have persevered in accom- plishijiiT wliat our old naviu[ators did accomplish, is, 1 confess, sullicient to create in my mind a feelinuj of tlu' hiti;hest pride on the one hand, and almost approachinn; to hiuniliation on the other: of pride, in rcmombcrini^ that it was ouu count rymen who performed these exploits ; of humiliation, when I consider how little, with all our advantatjes, we have succeeded in sf'ing beyond ilicm. " Indi'ed, the longer our experience has been in the navift'ation of the Icy Seas, aiul the more intimate our actpiaintancc with all its diilicullies and all its prccariousness, the hic;lier have our admiration and rc^spect been raised for those who went before us in these enter- prises. Persevering in dilliculty, tniappalled by danger, and patient imder distress, they scarcely ever use the language of complaint, mticb less that of despair; and sometimes, when all human hope seems at its lowest ebb, they furnish the most bcautifiil examples of that firm reliance on a merciful and superintending Providence, which h the only rational source of true fortitude in man. Often, with their narratives impressed upon my mind, and surrounded by the very ditlicidties which they in their frail and inefllcient barks tmdauntedly encountered and overcame, have 'I been tempted to exclaim, with all the enthusiasm of Purchas : " * How shall I admire your lieroicke courage, Ye marine worthies, beyond uatnes of worthiness ? ' " 1: ill yp. t llu'v relate, il oxpcriciioo, unequivocally iccuraoy Avith liiiin^ the in- ely fun)iMlied ilLHieiilty and 'nty tons, iU- ^riuj?, having ith nuniber- •*tiiio; among It^r such cir- .'d in aecoin- ?ss, suiliciont le one hand, of pride, in )rined thcso litli all our a^•ip;at^on of with all its admiration hose enter- nid patient laiiit, much )o seems at 'i' that firm liich io the with their Y the very idauntedly m, with all CHAPTEE II. ATTEMPTS TO GET TO THE NonTH OF IlUnSOX's n.W-KVronT UAH LOW, AXDT.VLGUAX-SCKOOOS, MIDDLETOX-HEAnX ,;, M V.KKNZir PniJ-l-S, TO lUOACK THE l-OLE-COOK AND CLERKK, TO GIT N f' lUOM IIEIIRING'S STUATTS-l.I(K-,:nsorr,l, AM, Vn.No T.) Mlli TIIKM 1!Y DAVIS' STKATTS->KW FAfTS-nUKA K-l ,• „r tHF SFA OX Till; EAST COAST (,F GUEEXLAX»-S, R JOJ.X nAUKOW-CAP- TAIX SCOKESIJV— BATCH OP AUCTIC HEJiOES. Seterai, years now intervene, and tho attem],ts made were de^ul- lory, and occin- at irregular intervals, yet the question of a passa-^e AVest by the ^orth had not lost its interest. The reprc-sentation of the enterpnsmg Txrosseliez, a Frenchman, now (Kiss) k-.l to the lormat.on of the JIudson's Bay Company, and Capt. Z. (iiHam wis ch'spatched by them to lluperfs Kiver to take possession. Th'is Company, m 1719, sent an expedition to the northern part of Hud- «on s Hay, under Knight, :Barlow, and A'aughan, to search for a copper mme as reported by the Esquimaux, all ol" whom ,„>rished it is supposed on Marble Island. One John Scroggs was sent in search ut them, but the richness of tho copper mine seenis to luue had more ndluence over his actions than tho salvation of his felh.w m.-n The results wore unsatisfactory, but sufficient information was elicited upon w uch to found strong arguments in favour of the c>xistence of Hmlsoi .. B^y L ompany to make an attempt. Tins, at last, was done under their caj,tani, Christopher Middleton. The result of tl ! voyage never ti^.spired, but it appears to have been most unsatis- factory to Mr. Dobbs, who openly charged the Hudson's Buy Com- pany ^vith "intentionally preventing the discovery." In the end, Mr. Dobbs prevailed on the Admiralty to renew the attempt; and two ships were fittecl out (1741), under Captain Middleton Ld Mr AVilham Moor AVager Inlet and Eepulse Bay were discovered hey reached the lat. 66° 14', and from thence saw a Frozen Stra t to ho eastward, which afterwards led to much controversy, too lengthy here to be entered upon. Dobbs, still less satisfied, cha;ged Middl i^ I 16 MODIl AND SMITH- SCOKKSHT 1 ! toil with liuving Ix'cii bribi'cl li;y the IIikImim'.s Ua) Cuiiipiiii^,- ; the truth HOcma novt-r In liavi; conic out, hut tlu- AdmirnUv, iis it' not ultou;('thcr siitislicd, shortly after olli'i-iil a reward nf ,C*J»),UOO lor the duscovery ofa North- West l*assa:;'e, and a new expedition, umh r Mr. •AVilliaiM .Moor and Mr. I''raneis Sinilh. sailed in I7l(»; they reached AVa<;cr hdet, hnt otlierwise the attempt wa.s abortive. It is ij;reatly to bo rej,M'ettcd that the Hudson's |}ay Company have f,Mvcn so little eiicouraj^cinent to Ai-ctic e.vploration. so admirably situated as they are lor carryiuf^ out the enterprise. The journey of flcarne (1770), and Mackenzie (17S'.)), proved the existence of two hirj;(' rivcr.s, llowiiifj; into tlu? I'olar Sea. (Jreat credit attaches to both thesti journeys, but we return to the ordi-r of dates. In 177M, l*hi[)ps and Lutwid<,'e* made an uttcini)t to approach the North l*ole. This voyaj^o was barren in residts as regards the great cpii-stion. It will be inte- resting to notice that the failure of l*hi|ips led to the attempt made in 177(5 by Hehring's Straits, eastward, to reach the Atlantic, under the gri'at l,\)ok and his coadj'itor ('a|)t. Clerke; in connection with these great men, seeking a passage iVom the i'acilie to the Atlantic, Lieut. I'ickersgill (in 177G) and Lieut. Younu: (in 1777) were sent up Davis' Straits, to aid and act in concert wit h.them : these returned after reaching— I'ickersgill, (')S° 10' N., and Young, 72° 12' N. AVe must now pass over thirty years — for during that time the Great Question seems to have remained in abeyance ; but let it not be stipposed it was lost sight of, much less forgotten ; the same spirit for discovery still existed, still was there; but accursed war, with its licensed cruelty and empty pageantry, led away and distracted the national mind. Xo sooner was peace restored, and the delirium and sorrow which war had occasioned passed away, when all the probabili- ties of a Xorth-AV^est Passage became again the subject of inquiry ; the trending and position of the lauds, the currents and their debris, already known, were again brought forward and reflected on. In 1S17 new facts had arisen ; it had been observed for two or three years previously that vast quantities of ice, and much larger than usual, had found their way into the Atlantic — so vast as even to aifect ^.he climate of our islands, — in short, that there had been a com- plete disruption of the ices in the Xorth ; and that the sea, between Greenland and Spitzbergen, from lat. 70° to S0°, had become open. These facts had not escaped the notice of our whalers, particularly the observant Scoresby. It was reported, also, that ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean going west were beset by the floating masses. * In tliia expedition sailed the immortal Nelson as midshipman of the Carcase. § srii .io;iv i!\iMf(UV. 'uiiipany ; the Ity, :iH If not lO.UOO I or the )ii, viml( !• Mr. tlu'V readied It is f^rciitly L;iv(Mi so littlo lalt'il as tlicy I'ariu' (1770), hw'^r rivers, l)()tll tlll'SO ^, Pliii)ps and . 'I'liis V()ya<;() will be inte- [illcMiipt iiiado llaiitii*, iiiuliT mectioii with the Atlantic, '7) were sent hcse returned \'2' S. :it time the let it not be same spirit war, with its straeted the delirium and le probabili- oi" in(piiry ; their debris, ted on. In wo or three larger than as even to been a corn- ea, between ■come open, particularly Ips crossing [ng masses. the Carcase. In the end the sulijt'ct attrartcil the alleiilion of tlic learned in vcience. and aiaonusl lliese the hile Sir .lnhn IJarrow. 'J'his genth'- iiian, IVom his jjositinn as Secreiarv ti. ihe .\(hiiiralt\-. Iiad ai'cess to the liest s(iuree-i ol" intormatioii. besides, the siihjeet was to Ins taste, ami he u'ave iiis eh'ar, penetrating, vigorous mind to a thorough re-evaiiiination of it ; in whieli. no (hmlit, he was greatly aided by the inforiiiatioii ami practical eNpiM-ieiuu! of thf> talented Scoresby and others,* .\i,'ain t he nat ional feeling becanu> aroused, and again the (pieslion shone t'oi'lh, but now with an aurora of greater bi'illiatu'y : the more so, as it viewed the (|nestion of a North-West Passage as one peculiarly its own; its olden but now richer theme. A ninv series of daring attempts W('\'e now to be made to solve the (piesdon. once and for all. A new era was entei'cd u])on ; and iVoni the yi^ar IMS ex- peditions rapidly followed each otliir eo>lly, it is tru(>, but complete. .No mori- did the ual ion's glory re>t on the libei'ality of the pi'ivatc n\eirhaut or adventurer ; the (iovernment now undertook the respon-- sibh' tasl<, and the nation paid the cost; the ])e(ple of I'^igland caro not for cost. ])roviiled the object sought to 1)e attained is properly ami comjdetely done; and even thoni;h success may not repay the eilbrts of those to whom thi-y may eoiilide theii' ai-dent anticipations, still, while they like to know aiul sei' that the reward has been justly deserved, tlu>y would not that meritorious service should go unrecom- pensed. ('r;i/,y craft of i"''oin ten to llfty tons now gave place to eomfortabh', safe, and well-twpiipped f^hips — lloating [)alaces, of from ;{U0 to ;"i()0 tons, compared with which the olden vessels were but as cockboats. Indeed, when oiu' reilects upon what was really done by the old voyagi'rs in their shallops and ])innaees, the matter of asto- ni:«liment is not that they did so little, but that they, amid thi^ pi'rils of ice and "uidiuowen" coasts, of stormy seas, of narrow straits, treacherous currents, hidden rocks, and rugged shores, all (Mpially unknown, should have done so nuich, cribbed and cooped up as they were in ihc'w tiny criift, no room for exereis(> of the outward and barely suUleient to satisfy the wants of the inner man. In ISIS commenced, then, a series of new uttemj)ts; and between that year and ls;5!), lialRii's Bay, which had not been visited since the time of its great discoverer, whose name it justly bears (nu)re tlian 200 years), was now circumnavigated, and lU'w lands w ithin the Arctic circle, between the 7;b'd and 7i5th parallel, extending west from 80° to 112° W., were discovered and made kiu)\vn. (Jradually the * 111 1822, Scorrsby discovoretl and visited llie oast coast uf Greenland, l;i(.7l°, and roasted it to lat. 70" >'. 7^ 18 I'MIIIV — DKAHK AVI) SIMI>Sf»V. nnrtliprn coaHta of Amcrii'ii were (Iclliicd. iVoiii I lie Ciistor iinil INdliix Kivcr (in !»:{ ' 7' \V.) in (lie cii^t, In |{rlii'iiiL;'>* M i';nlH in tlic wrsl ; uiul ni'w lands and arcliipcla^iics, deep linrds. cliannrl.-*, lakrs, ami ri\('rH, Were aildt'd In (inr iiia|is and cliai'ls. 'I'lir w liolc mnnd ot" t lie .sciences Were ini|)ri'sse(l into the Ncrsici', and yieldi'il ,i I'irK liarvi'st; racli anil all were henelitted, and ln'canie nuire perfect ami pri'cinus; Isjs to lSI{!) prodnced anollier l)alcli .it' names .'), ls:{;{, and ls:}({; Hei'clii'y, ISlS, Isl!), and ISL'.-); CroziiT, lsi>l.'J|., and lsi>7; .laiiios ('. Koss,* Isls, IS'JI, ISlil, 1S27, iiiid iSli!); I'ltzjanifs,* Ac, &.v.\ in conjiinclion with these, a Hahinc, IS IS, ISIJ), and 1S121> ; a Kicharilson, IS 11) and iSlio ; a iM'C'oriidck, IS27,* Siv. Our iiuiicea must bo brii-l', but we cannot omit tho record ot'a passinu; si^di for the untimely fate of poor Hood, ISlO; or a uotc of admiration for t lie faithful lU-phnrn, Isll); and the kiud-l. carted savai^o, Akaitoho, iSli): justice compels us to add tho naino of J)r. IviuLj, a volunteer in the search for .Sir John Ross, iS'.VA, and .Messrs. Deasc and Simi)sou, ls;}7, ls;{s, anil ls;{!>. Thcso names will ever be fannliar iu Arctic story: soiiu' have made ivustakes, but even their errors have "li^dited"t others to succi'ss. There is au iutermissiou now of six years, inactive as far as regards practical opi^rations, but not so as to the uund— every thouj,dit ji;avo hope of " the Passage ; " atill the llauie burnt on, huubent but positive, there was the same ardent desire to complete the problem, that pro- blem which had bailleil the energy and the skill of centuries. The Passage, too, was all but known, and yet unknown. * Tlic names tlius marked were out m lu- Antarctic regions under Sii- Jami';* Rops, 183'J to 1S13. t See Noic of N. W, Fox's, Ilaklu^ t Soeiety's Vol., 18 19, p. 61) :— " Davis and he (Wnjmoutli) did, I conceive, light IIik1.«ou into his Straights." .^ II) tor iind I'olliK I I lie west ; mid xcs, mill rivtTH, 111' t lie sciciiiM'M vi'st ; j'licli ami •iitiis : ISlS ti) (•(iiiiili'y iiiii^lit 27 ; •Inliii |{ns.s !), 1111(1 IS-J,'); !1, mill 1^21.; SIS, isl!), mid * isis, |si!l, ijiiiictioii witli SiDiiiid |S1>:, ; but \w camiol, of poor Hood, I'll, Isli); and ipi'ls us to add tor .Sir .Idlm s;}s, and ls;{!). MIC have iiiado Cl'S to SIU'('('H.S. tar as regards ' tlioiij;lit {^avo it but positive, ilcm, that pro- 'iituries. The under Sir James — " Davis and he ClIAPTEU 111. Rov.vT- nKonirviMfic.vi, socktv i.vmtcs oi-imons ...v viik N„in„. \vi:sr I'AssAoi; -SIR .,oiin iiaiiuou's ok. im. ii audso.n'.s-sui ■"MI.N J UAMiUN'.S Till.; IIVI.It(Ml|{A|'lli;i(s\ ToEMirhin,! isdurtlu.lirstafl.Mnpt to .,pri. out t hr im strrirs of tlio ■N'.fthi,.,„vthaii toaiiyoll.,.M,..,lioii. Nhc has made t hi- .North- West .|N'-ti"M lu-r ouii. "Thr Aivtir Sras wr.v toO ,-,ni.u-utly a theatre " l.ntish enterprise and dariii^r to be Jon- .h.ierted, even hytlioso ^^I'l' li.'nl .'xpeneneed th.- fearful rino,„..s „f the eliiiiat... No nation had lol lourd up the s„hie,..t uitli anything approa-'hing to the ardour ot hnnland Somo of the best and bravst of her -alhuit sons had son.d.f to subdue the spirits of storiu, ice, ami fog wliicl, ruled with d.'spotie sway over their .h-soiate and s.-h'tary .loiniuions."* She \vis '"'■=' .iedefeated^-still she nourished the question, and she hoped to solve ,t. These were tl... f.-elinys m.d sentiments of Huglm.d • it IS trni" the en bono cvy would oecasioually bo heard, but its voice had no powe.-, it was not liearlaMied to. The conu.seis of the wise ami the teelings of the patriot, prevailed. The subject involved now the most abstruse cjiiestions of science; and they were to bo solved lor the increase of knowledge for man universally, and i'or the glory of England in particular. Already (Sth February, lS;3(i) had the Koyal (J(>ographical Society of I.ondon jiassed a resolution to petition the Government for a fresh ex])editioii to that cpiarter, and had thrown itself ojH'n to receive "Communications on ji iVorth-West Passa.-(> and fiu'ther Survey of the Northern Coast of Ainerica,"t and m,-' pointed a committee to examine them. These eommunications m-e 100 lengthy for Insertion in full ; we cmi therefore only give extracts but to those who feel an interest in the subject, tliev are eminently worthy attentive reilection. The matter they -ontain is most valu. * "Narrative of Arctic Discovery," J. J. Sliillinslaw, 1851, p. 2G4. t "Ko.val Oeosraphicnl Society's Journal," vol. vi., pai-t i., pj,. 3-^-50 c 2 i 20 SIR JOHN nAniiow. I ' l| i "5 nblo, rccordiiic; as thoy do tlio opinions of the most iiit('lli<:;f'nt and most cxprrioiircd iiu'n at this piriod. lSM(i.* 1'lio vt'lcraii Hitlu'r o<" moelci'ii Aivtir ('iilor|)rise. Sir John Barrow, stands (irsl ; lio says, '' '! hero have pro1)ahly not hrcii any voyafj;os or land JournL-ys wliirh oxriti'd a more lively interest than tliose lor tiie diseovi'ry of a Noi'lh-\V(>sl I'assai^e, and those e.\|)editi()ns that were sent ont for eoinpletinn; the L;i'ograi)hy of tlie northern coast of North America. . . . There are groinuls sulliciently stron praetieahility of a >i'(irth-\Vesl J'assage. after the experienee that lias been aecpiiri'd, will searci-iy admit of ilonbt ; if this be so I think that England wonld be held altogether inex- cusable, that she wonld justly subject herself to the ridieuK- of the world, were she to sutler any other nation, by lu'r own inditlerence, to rob her of all her previous discovi'ries, by passing through tlu^ door which she herself has o])ened. ... It shouUl iu)t be forgotten, that for the last three hundred years the subject has never hcvn lost sight of by the Governuu'iit; that it has nut with favour and encou- rageinont from almost every successive sovereign; and that several parliaments have proninlgatetl ix'wards to the extent of L"'J(),000for its completiou : it has thus distinctly and nnccpiivocally becoine a national object. And when we reflect on the ninnber of brave and I'utei'prising oflicera it has been the means of bringing forward, the knowli-ilge and iutelligiMiee they have ae(juired and eomnumicated to the Avorld at large in the various branches of science, it is ini[)ossible not to wish t'or the further prosecution of these expeditions. JJut if. on the contrary, we should allow the completion of them to be snatched away from ns by any other Power, we shall sustain a humiliating defeat, and give to our rivals a signal victory —the greatest and best of all victories — the contpiest of knowledge ; not that kind of ephemeral triumph wliich follows the destructive comiuest of man over man, but that which must live imperishable through all ages, till linu^ shall be no more. . . . It has been practically ascertained. . . . that the current wliich sets round the Jcv Caiie. al'ter contiiuiinu: alontr the northern coast of America, discharges itself through the Fury and Ilecla Strait of Parry into the iltlautic." After stating several facts trom various observations made by Franklin, Kichardson, lieecl-.ey, Elson, and James Iloss, and * A caroful oxiiininiition of tlio iniips mul clinvts of tlie timo is importiuit ; as thpy givf the knowlcdijc tliat was tlion possessed, and ujion wliieh was l)ase(l tlio nrguments in favour of renewed Arctic exploration for the Solution of the question of a North- West Passage. ',■■ sill JOHN UICUAUDSOy. ntollif,'ont and Jolin Ean-oAv, iiv voyngos (ir 1 llt()Sl> I'oi- t|l(.> inns ilinl woro ', after im't of doubt; OgcfluM- ilU'X- idiculc of the idiirerciice, to ui,<,di tlie door be forgotten, ver l)een lo.st iv and eueoii- I that several U(M)U(lforits me a national [ enter])risiiig le knowledge ft) tlu> -world ssibli' not to [jut if on the be snatched humiliating t and best ol' of ephenu'ral ver man, but ime shall he . . . that miing along ^^h the Fury ir* made bv Koss, and importiiiit ; as was l)asc(l the of tlic question 21 reconinionding '' to keep in the open sea, wliothor covered by ice or not," he thus eoneludes, pointing to the spot and the pro- babilityofa passage:--" We may therefore, 1 think, safelv infer, that between the eoast of Ameriea and tlu« northern islands (that of Jilel- ville and others), there is a broad open sea, open enough for a ship of war to niak.> her way through it. The result of four voyages has shown that no diiiieulty (>xists in the navigation of Laucastei'sound and Harrow's Strait ; that out of the latter are several large open- ings on the southern side, through one of which, perhaps tlu^i.^arost; to that about Cap.> Walker, a ship would easily pass into that part ot the Arctic Sea whirl, J have pointed out; and in such case, 1 do not thn.k It would be presuming too much to hope that the passa-o would be accomplished- and perhaps in one year."* '^ Dr. (aftiM-wards Sir.lohu) ]{iehardson,t oneof the soundest and best :»ithor,t„-s. having ha.l the advantage of being emploved on the two l^md .■xpcd.tinns. LSI!) „h1 is-,, thus records his opini.m in a letter :.dd.rssed to Capt. (now Adm.) 15eaufort, i{..\„ Jlvdrograi.her to the Adnurahy :->■ Th,' search after a Xorth-AVest Pas.sage, tho.igh ofteu 'vln.,|u,sh,'d wh(Mi the want of success has depre.-.sed tlu- public hope has be,,, as „ft,.n resumed, after a greater or smaller interval, with fresli ="''l<""'; and as .'very one w'u) carefully and dispassionatelv e.xan,in(>s the n.cords ..f past voyages, and duly considers the currents which suc.vssive navigators have observed to set into JVhrin.r's Straits along(he.\rcticcoa.st,aml out of the J'nry and J lecla Straits, must bo oonvincci that a water communicati<.n between the two oceans does fMst to the north „f America, .s„ it is tu) presumpticm to aflirm that tins search will not be linally relinquished until it is -rowned with Miccess. 'I he lead which Kngland has taken in this enterpri.se Ins lnrnish.nl her with one of the brightest gems in her naval crown- and to 1hos,> who meet every g-Mierons underlaking with th,« question' ot -(u. honor- li maybe replied that the Hudson's Hav fur trade .Newfoundland cod-lishery, the Davis' Straits wliale-llsherv' ad.mrahle nurseries t\.r seamen, and the discovery of the continent oi North .\merica iisrlf, pregnant with cnsequences Ivvond human oalculation. are the direct results of expeditious that sailed in .n.est ol a .North- W(\s( Passage. "-But it i., not on the existence of this Passage that my argument * " 1,'. Ko.VMl Cicc.-rapl.ical Sucioty's Jounml," .ol. vi,, part i., ,,,,. 37- lU + 1)1-. liul.anlso.i wa.s with tl.o lamrnhHl Kranklm ii, tl.o clc.-c.nt of the Coppor- nmu. lu ISIP, .nul ..ha.vd Iho horror, of llu.t expaUt.un ; and al.o wUh him dovva Hit' .Maclioi\ziL' m 1S25. I 22 SIK JUJIN IflCUAKUSON. for new expeditions (jf clisct)very rests; I'or were it even proved that, contrary tv) the opinions of tlie ablest oillcers who have sailed the Polar Seas, no ])ractical)le channel for ships can be found, still 1 hold it to be the duty of those who direct the councils of the British enii)ire, to provide for the exploring of every part of bis jNIajesty's dominions." The Doctor tbeii alludes to the claim the native tribes have on our ])roteotion ; tlie expense and the saving arising from the exact determination of the geographical position of places, and the innne- diate benefits science has received from expeditions of discovery, com- Inerce, &c.,&c. ; and adds: -"The breadth of the American continent, between the entrance to ]Iu(lson's Strait and CajjO Prince of AVales, comprii«t.'s in round numbers 103° of longitude, of which ten remain unluiown, between (.'apt. .lames Koss's farthest point and Sir John Pranklin's Cape ^J\n-nagain : there are about six more between the latter otlicer's most westerly point and Ca])t. Bt'echey's (jfcdtest advance from Behring's Straits; and the iniexplored space between the Strait of .lames Eoss and Jiack's Sea, being twenty-two miles, is rather more than one degree in that paraUel. Tlie c .tent of coast remaining unex])lored is therefore small wlien compared with that which \\\\< been already delineated." He continues: — "To comj)!ete the survey of the (jiulf (jf JJoothia, and establisli its connt'ction or separation, as tlK> case may be, with the Strait of .lames Koss, no better plan can be propv. tl than the one suggested by Sir .luhn Franklin, of sending a vessrl to Wager Kiver." The Doctor, in otl'ering his plan, " wliic]\ embraces a dillerent part of the coast," says, " i would propose, then, to complete, in the lirst place, the survey of the coast to the westward of the ^lacken/ie; and secondly, tlnit to the eastward of Point Turnagain." And he points out by what means it may be done. JLe concludes, trusting that his or u more ellicient plan may be adopted, ''ajid thus provide for the comple- tion of an enterprise which, under his (Sir .Folui J5arro\v's) fostering care, has made greater progress in a few yt-ars than it has done for previous centuries." AV^e shall now give the opinion of the inncli hii/icii/cJ Sir Julni FriiiikHn, also addressi'd to the hydrographer.* C'ouimencing, he says, " the arguments in Dr. Richardson's letter, . . the phuis which he suggests . . are full of rest'arch ami interest, and deserve all the consideration and encouragement which I truly rejoii'e to perci'ivo they are likely to meet with from the Society. The Doctor alludes, * " Ko_\al Cicograpliical Sociuty's Journul,' vul. vi., part i., pp. 11—4(5. I SlU JOU.N lUANKLIX. 23 'U proved tlitit, lave sailed the 11(1, still ] liold of the British his ^Majesty's tribes have on roiu the exact and the iniiiie- iliscovery, C(jni- ican continent, •ince of AValest, ich ten remain , and Sir John e between the .'hey's (jyi'ufest sj)aec between y-t\vo miles, is ! .tent of coast iired Asith that -" To complete oonneclioii or limes Koss, no by Sir .lohn le Doctor, in e coast," says, the aurvey of •ondly, thiit to out by what is or a more the comple- iw's) fosteriii<; lias done for ilcil Sir Juhn Mmcncin^^ lie e ])hins which ■servt' idl the to pei'ci'ive Oct or alludes. 11- to. in his letter, to some propositions which he knew I made iu the year 1S2S, at the command of his present iVEajesty, then Lord High Admiral, on the same subject ; and particularly to the suggestion as to i)roceeding from Jiepulse or AVager Bay. ... A recent careful readiii" of all the narratives, connected with the surveys of the W'ager and Repulse Bays, and of Sir Edward Parry's voyage, toge- ther with the information obtained from the Esquimaux by Sir E. I'arry, Sir .las. Koss, and Capt. Back, contirm ine in the opinion that a successful delineation of the coast east of Point Turnagain to the Strait of the ' Pury and llecla,' would be best attained by an expedi- tion proceeding from AVager Bay ; the northern parts of which cannot, I think, be farther distant than forty miles from the sea. . . . The plan, therefore, that I recommend, is to send two vessels to AVager Bav. . . Keeping outside of Southampton Island, make the best of their way through the Prozen Strait to Wager Bay. . . The narrowest part of the isthmus appears to be from Savage Sound, though it will probably be tbiind not much liroader from Douglas Harbour, when; the vessels would be more secure. . . The rela- tive breadth, however, would be ascertained by a light party in two or three days; and in the most eligible place thus ascertained the portag(> should be made. . . 1 would propose sending two parties from the point on which the embarkation can be eifected, the one to trace the coast Avestward towards the ])art Capt. Back reached, and onwards to Point Turnagain, if jiracticable ; and tlie other to follow tlu' east shore of Prince Kegenfs Inlet, up to the Straits of Hecla and Piiry -and further, if necessary to settle tli(> geographical ques- tion as to the north-east terininatitm of the land. . . There is Utile doubt in my miiul of the western parly reaching the mouth of Back's liiver witliout more than the ordinary interruptions of such a coasting voyage. But here a doubt presents itsrlf to my mind, grounded on the I'lscpiimaux authority, which it is fair to state; viz., whether tlie sujjposed strait, between tlu> farthest land seen by Capt. Back and that i-eached liy Capt. .lames Boss, does exist : if it fortu- nately d(i. Ihcn the tracing of the ct)ast. as far as Point Turnagain, could be continued by the same course of jiroceediiig; if it do not, (lien a portage would have to be made to elfcct that object; the extent of Avhicli is not at present known, and which might require more time to accomplish than one season would allow. This doubt causes me to look Avitli ])articultu' ph^asure on the suggestion of Dr. Kichardson. as to com])leting the survey eastward of Point Turn- again from the Coppermine l\i\ or ; if the laud be continuous from til li i It 2i SlU rUANClb UtALlUltT. the most uurtliuru point set-u by Capt. IJuck to that visited by Capt. James Koss, and no slrait should intervene, tlieu uiiqiiestionr.bly tho boats would be best placed on the wksti. .in side of that laud for tlio survey of its coast, which mi>,'ht perhaps be continued up to Qipc IVidkcr, and tliereby Q;ain well i^rounded inibrination for the <,'uidanee of till' shii)s, wliich 1 trust will bo sent on the >.'orth-West I'assaso. {Should the strait in question he found to cxinf, then the expedition, proceediuK eastward from tlu' Cop[)ernune Kiver, and that tracing tlio coast westward from llcgent Iidet, would in all probability meet, if they should set forward on llieir respective enterprises the same season, which mitjjht be done." Sir John J'raiddin ctmciudes, after volunteering again for this arduous si'rvico, in tliese words : — " Vou know, 1 am siu-e, that no service is nearer' to my heart than the com])letioii of ilie survey of the norlh coast of America, and tho accomplishment of a Xorth-West Passage." AVe now add the communication from Capt. (now Admiral Sir I'Vancis) Beaufort, .irydrographer to the Admiralty, an authority not to bo doubted. In it is rcxlewed the opinions of tlie tiu'ce preceding distinguisiied men.* "■ Every year seems to bring forward some accession of interest to the great (juestion of the >»orlh-\\'est Passage and of the nortiieru conli- {^iration of America ; and tlie resolution of our Soeiety, at ihi' meeting of the htb instant (Kili. ls;!()), that the (iovernment should be j)cti- tioued to despatch an expedition to that ([uarter, having led to the appoiiituR'nt of this C'ommittci', J liave ventured to state my siniti- ments on tlie three plans tiial liave been suggested. "One of these plans boldly urges the direct acconqdishmcnt of tlie jS'orth-West Passage bv sea ; the other two coniine thentsclves to tlie compk'tion of the coast, either by an inland line of communication, or by the transport of Ijoats from Hudson's l^ay ; and all tl\ree are from such high authorities, so strongly recommended, and so ably ur^^ed, that 1 hope, whatever may be the result, the Council will print them in our .lournal. "That there is an opi>n amk at times, a navigable sea passage between the straits of Davis and Jk'hring there can be no doubt in the mind of any jhtsou who has duly wi'ighed the evidence; and it is e([ually cert:ii]i that it would be an intolerable disgrace to this countiy were the flag of any other nation to be borne through it before onr own. •' AVheuevt'r the wisdom of trovernmeut shall think lit to solve this * "Royal Geographical SoLU'tv's Journa!," vol. vi., jiiiit i., p. 17. I t| i i SIR fli.VNCIS iJKAUfOUT. 25 •isitt'cl by Capt. [Ui'stioiir.bly the liat land lor tlio icd lip to C(ij)0 or the giiidaiico -West i'assage, the expedition, id tliut tracing I'obaLility meet, prists the same again for this I sure, that nu 1' the survey of 'a Xorth-West w Admiral Sir II authority not :hrce preceding f interest to the uortheru cuiiti- ixtthe meeting itiuld be j)eti- ; led to the ate my senti- itncnt of the inselves to the nuiicatioii, or U'ee are from ably ury;e(l, 1 print them sea passage no doubt in ice ; and it is this counti'y ore our own. to solve this 17. great problem, f am satisfied that the mode proposed by Sir John JJarrow is the most prudent that could be adopted. Jiy ti-ying oiu" uf the eastern openings which he mentions, the vessels would proceed from honu" fresh and uuexliausted, and if met by insuperable obstacles, or arrested by unusual st'verity of weatiu'r, they would be carried back l)y tile prevalent current to the eastward, or they would winter there wiih security ; whereas, if already harassed by a long voyage round (.'aj)e llorn, they were to plunge from the westward into those un- icnown regions, and if from any cause they were unable to penetrate them, they could neither return against the joint pressure of ice and current, nor communiiate their situation to any settlement, nor even hope for assistance. To seize the proper moment for eifecting this ambitions obji'ct is solely the duty of («overnn\eut, and the resulting credit, both at home and throughout the world, will be solely theirs. Jn tlie meantime, it appears to be no less the duty of the (leographical kSocioty to reconuuend an liumlde and more temporary lield of action — more ap])ropriate to the nature of our Institution, more easy and economical in its execution, and more certain and rapid in its result. " L'uder this iiupression, 1 would entreat the Council to take every means they possess of jiersnading (Jovei'ument to lit out a small expe- dition this sinnmer I'or Wager Bay, according to the general pLui set forth by Sir .lohn l''ranklin; ami I beg h'ave here to observe, that completing tlu> coast line would necessarily throw much \aluable light on the direction and facilities of the passage, while even the accomplishment of the ])assage (as supposed ty exist) could scarcely contribute anything to the deteruunalion of the coast line. Furtlier, an expedition ainung at the passage and fading would do almost Jiothing lor geographical science; whert'as. an expet^ ion along the coast, however incomplete, nuist add something to our existing slock of positive knowledge. Jf this ])r()position should be ado[)ted by Government as th(> ])rincii)al feature of the plan, I would now suggi'st that the I'xpeditioii should consist of two small vessels; that they sliould sail in !May inr Wager Strait (Tnlet ?), where, a full reconnois- sauce of till' isllnnus luliii;' made, and the opposite gulf being pi-obably gained, one vessel should be comfortably secured for the winter, and the other should return home to ini[)art tlu> progress and pi-ospi'cts of her consort. The object (jf the above process is, that by uraduallv uniting the known ])arts of tlie coast we should vampiish all dilllculties by ([uii't and moderate i tl'orts, allemled by little expens(> and less risk; and. like a skilful general, baling our o[)eralious on points already in po.ssession, we shoukl secure eveiy ste|) of our advance, as well as 1 :|i i I \ :i 1^ 2U aiR JOHN nous. preserve every I'acility Inr our retrtiiit." It will at once be aecu — every known view ul' the suliject in here elearly and succinctly i^iven — not a single oliject is passed over or slurred, wliether re^^ardinij; tlie health and coiutbrt of the crews or their safety, Aw expense, &c., still all is made subservient to the great object iu view — the discovery of '"the Tassai^e." There is yet another connnuuication to Avhich we must refei' — one from Sir John Jioss* (addressed to Capt. iMac(mochie, Ji.X., secretary to the lioyal Geographical Society); this commuuieatioii breathes the same national spirit regarding the North- West Passage. i\Uuding to a pnn ious meeting of the Society, he says,—" I was gratified to iind the tjuestion of a Xorth-West Passage was again to be taken into serious consideration,— that my country should gain the glory of deciding a (juestion to which so nuich im])ortance has been attached." Sir John gives his " un(]ualilied a])proval to Sir John Franklin's plan;" but "observing, however, that much stress has been laid on the easterh^ current, it may be ])roper to remark that this current can be fully accounted for. — iu the sunnner by the melting of snow^ -which produces rivers e(|ual iu si/e to the Thames, and in Avinter by the continual north winds, which keeptlie ice inconstant motion in Prince Jiegent's lidet, and wlncli we often observed to raise the sea near our hut many feet.f This would produce the etl'ect mentioned, and the easterly current iu ' ] iccla and Fury ' Strait is, therefore, no proof of a passage at tlie bottom of the Cirulf of J3oothia."J " With respect to the expe- dition which has bei-n reconnnended to ])ursue the route of Sir Edward Parry, although decidedly in favour of the expediency of such an * "TvovmI Oi.-(if:;rii;iIiii'Ml Socii'ty's ,Toin'ii;\l," vol. vi., ]).art i., pp. 17 — 50. t We cannot sub-suribi' to this tlicorv to nccount for tlio easterly current ; the melting of tlie snow and the wind may have great temporary and local induence, but are insuflicient to generate the general easterly current known to exist : nume- rous instances could be given of Ihe ice being carried to windward by the current, — even in opposition to a sti'oug wind. J True, it is no proof of a pussniic, nor is it to the contrary ; still it favours rather than 0|i])oscs the idea of one exisini;,'. At tliis time there was ([uite a conl-wversy us to whctlier a jiassaire existed lictween the cst\iary of the great Fish (Back's) I-iiver and Prince Kcirent's Inlet. Sir .John lioss, ]Jr. King, and others, thought there was no passage'. Sir tJeorgcEack, and others (amongst the rest, our lunnble selves), believ(^d thi're was. ^\'e shall give the opinions of Sir (Jeorgc Eack and Dr. King, formed on tlie same sjiot ; but ])reviou.s to doing so we will draw uttcn- tion to a "log of drift wood, but little soddened with water," found near Point Ogle. The former, by a rational course of reasoning, thinks it eanu^ from the ]\[ackenzie from the westward ; the latter, from an luilian report of a river (the Fish lliver r) io the eastward, thinks it came from thence. We will now give l! i 81U JOHN 1H)S8. !i7 be st'cu — every tly given — not a diiii,' the health \ tice., still all is jcovery of '"tiio lust refer — one Ji.\., secretary oil breathes the . ^Mludingtoa tilled to liiul the veil into serious y of deeidiiiii; a led." Sir John I's plan ; " but on the easterly lit can be fully Avhioli ])roduces y the continual Prince Jiei^ent's r our hut many d the easterly )of of a passage ot to the expe- of ISir Edward cy of such an 17—50. I'fly c'uiTciit ; till' id local influence, to exist : nunio- (l by the I'lirrcnt, 1 it favours rather itc a eont'\/versy it Fish (Back's) otiiers, thought rest, our huni))le eor;j;e Hack and |\\ill di'au- atteii- i\iud uear Point came from the of a river (the will now give expedition," Sir .lohii "cannot sidiscribe to Iho ])hins proposed for earryiu" it into cU'eft." In this he alhuU's to tlie means to be eni- iiiovcd, wliich we have nothing to do willi. Tlie plan for solving th« (jiicstioiMif a Aoi'th-W'est i'assage is //cvv ///a/*^-^' consideration. "It is on tile pn)?)al)ility that a passage t'xists about due south of 3lelvillo Jslaiid -that is, hi'tweeu it and C'api' Walker — tiiat this ex|)edition has been pro[)ost'd ; and tdthiHigh all the indications ■which ■were originally held Old; as imperative and inse[)ai'able from its existence, have been, over and over again, disproved by every expedition, 1 am not now disposed to dispute the (juestion, especially as a proof of its non-existence would be almost ecpially im])ortant.* 1 admit, there- foiH', it is still a national ipiestion." Sir John then asks, " Whi/ did not Sir Edward Parry attempt, with his ships, the method now pro- * Jlere is anotlier assertion l)efrnying cither great ignorance o. violent prejudice. So far from all the "indications inijierative and inse]iaral)Ie" to a jiassage south between Melvdle Island and tape ^\alker, lieini; " over and over again di>pl'oveil 1)\- every expedition," what will our readers say, when tlu'v learn, not a single expedition had been >ent in that directidU since the time of Parry's lirst di.-eoverie3 in^lDand lS2n! the recorded opinions of these gentlemen as to a Passage : — Sii! GicoiniE Pack.* " To the north-east there were water and ice, and beyond it a dark grey or wh.at is denominated a water >ky ; while from the east to Cape J lay there was an ojien sea. AViiether tlie north-eastern l)u. TCiNc.t "From Cape Jlay, the land, blue in tlie distance, ti'i'iiilcd iiorth-north-east, \\iuai it dipped liie lun-izon ; but a lillh; x/xifc, /luircrtr, iiilcri'iiii'd \o x\ land gra- ilually rising in boldness, following a clear space is conneeted with, and a part north-wcsti'rly course, the extremes of of, the western gulf of Sir Joiin I{oss, I which wt'rc named Points James Ross cannot uuilertake to determine; but I and tiooth. Aly iiniiression was, that think I am warranted in an opinion that the sea formed a deep bay in that direc- the I"]squiniaux outline, the sudden ter- tion." nunatioii of Cape Ifay, and the clear scii in that jiartieiilar direction, arc strong inferenct's in favour of the exist- ence of a southern channel to Rei,H'nt's Inlet." This is all the evidence that could at the time be allbrded on cither side. 'I'aking the above named " log of wood," which Dr. King himself supposes came from the eastward, and his "intervening space," we think the argument on both sides in favour of f( ;;c/.«w^^ to Kegcnt's Inlet. Dr. Kac has since gone over the ground, and i>roved no jiassagc does exist ; still tjicre was every reason to su]>pose one did ; and such was tlie iiii]iressi(jn when Sir -lohn I'ranklin sailed, to \\hie!i we shall have occasiiMi to revert at a future time. At any rate Sir John Koss could otl'er no ])roof to the contrary ; and he would have done better to have inquired further for the origin of the easterly current than attcni]it to get rid of it by an indirect negative assertion. There might be a passage unknown to him, as " iiellot Strait." * See Pack's " Arctic Land l':xpcdition to the Mouth of the Great Fish liiver,"' 1833-34-35, pp. 413-11, 12 f. t King's " Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean," 1833-34-35. I i i iii L'8 SlU JOHN I!()S3. posed— naiiu'ly. In piisli ainoii!^ tlio ice into tlu; vortex of tlic supported pass;iL,'c, tnistiiiL,' tlic rest to I'rdvidciicc r" lie tlicn talks ol'sliips of eighteen I'ccl draiinlit of water — tliis is beside the question- and says, — " I sliall point (Kit why," whieli is more to our snhject. *' 'J'he iee •whieii Sir lulward I'arry luet at the west i-iid of .MelviiU- Islaiul did itdl (h'ift to llie southward with a northerly wind, but stoi)])ed, and wlien the pres.snre inereased tooi< an easterly direction — an undeniable j)roof it mot with obstruetion in ;:;oin eoast (jf America by tin; inipidse of the wind, for there was no current ; it nuist, therefore, have met with eitlur land, shoal water, or islands,* o er or amontjf which, shijis must necessarily j)ass to reach the said coast." lie therid'ore maintains, that the shins "should di-aw less water than the surroundiiii; ice;" and adds, "if !shij)s such as the Tcrro)' and Jirr/u/s are sent on this service, eilhei- by keepiuLj the sonth shore of Bari'ow's Strait, or by taking to tlu; ice, the probability is, that they and their crews will never he lii^ird of.'"t Jit'Hiarks on iee navigation follow, and the favourable s(^asons for sailing; and at last the opinion, "that if the (piestion is ever de- cided, it nnist be by ke(>j)iiig close to tlii> shore from t'ape Walker, westward." We have endeaviiurcHl to give the essence of this pa[)er, but iVom its want of coiuu'ctiou we have had much dillicidty in doing so. We ha\e drawn rather largely on the Journal of the J\oval Geo- graphical Society, not so unich from want of other material to j)ro\e that iiiboiMi iimpiailing spirit which no obstacle can appal oi- arrest, mncli less defeat; but to show that the subject of the "Passage," though pi'osecuted for centuries, still held potent inlluonce— still in- cited the nation on to farther enterprise, with the repetition of the same self-abnegation that belongs alone to the worthy, the sterling, and the brave. We have referred to these o])inions as Ihey prove the feelijig was never dormant, and only recpiired a central point, like the lioyal Geographical Society, to elicit and make them lavours of jiropheey, ijut it is aceidental ; Sir John IJoss was no prophet. Again, I he lueality he thus speaks of was at the time unknuwu. •^ silt cr.oudi: hack — Mr.SHna. dkasi; and simpson. 2ii of the sii])|)oao(l alks of hliijis of tioii— iiiul SlIVH, jtM'l. " Tlic ico villc Ireland did it stopped, and an \iiid('nial)lo (' it would liavo A' tlio wind, for til fitlicr land, lust necessarily , that tlie shins ' and adds, "if serviee, either y taking 1o the never be heard )urable s(^asons ion is ever de- Cape Walker, e of this paper, dty ill doinj^so. lie Koval (jleo- iterial to [)ro\e ppal oi' arrest, ' Passage,'' nee— still iii- ■I it ion t)f the till' sterling, ley prove the oint, like the ;iiown. That ■n ; it at once tiou for com- iiit Turuagaiu lull llio ice took 111 tlio wc.-t, bi'- ;Sllgl' is tilt! Lott ivus no prophet. The (Miverninent concurred with the views of the Society, and ini expetlitioii was ordi'rcd to he litted out. It was placed under the coiniuaiid of Sir (u'orge Back, in the '/'error. That olilccr was directed 1o pre ced through lIiidsoirM Strait to Wager liiver, (»r Repidse IJav, and having crossed to ] the coast line east to J*'iiry and IFecla Strait and to Cape Kate', and west to the liiver Jiack ; and after passing ^laconochie Jslimd, the continuation of the main shore to I'oiiit Tiirnagain of l''raiikliii, to cross the strait which is supposed to separate the continent of America from the islands to the northei-ii end of it, tracing the shore to the farthest point of Captain .lames Ivoss's discovery, and from thence to the spot wliere he determined " the posit ion of the magnetic pole.''* The '/'c/'/t-/' sailed 1 Itliduiie. ls;}(>, had nearly reaclu'd (.'ape Bvlot when she was frozen in, and drifted about in the ice from Sep- tember to the following July, d.ay by day expecting destruction. Keleased at last, the ship was found so injured as to render it impe- rative to return home at once. 'J'lie Terror arrived at Lough Swilly, and was run ashore to prevent her siiikinn'. l'erlia[)s there is no vova<_;i' commanding more our sympathy and admiration than this; it is iiupossiblc to read their daily ih'tail of [leril and exertion without sharing with them "the weariness of heart, the blank of leeling, and the feverish sickliness of taste, which gets the lietter of the Ahoh" man,"' where "no occu])atiou, iio amiiseiiient, howi'ver ordinarib gra- tifying, had power to please, or even distract the thoughts." t Jn ls;37, 3Iessr.s. Dease and Simpson wen^ despatched by tho Hudson's I5ay Company to the westward, to fill np the lino of coast between Franklin's farthest west (1S25) and ^Ir. Elson's eastern limit; and in ISIiS and ls;3i) the same gentlemen Avere dhvcted to trace the coast line eastward, commencing with Franklin's (^iislern hmit (1819), Point Turnagain : they A'isited IJack's explorations at the mouth of the Oreat I'ish Kiver, and succeeded in reaching long. 08° 7' W. The North American coast line was now completed, from Behring's Straits to the above longitnde ; many new discoveries were made. These boat expeditions ■eilected great cn^dit, and ju!*tly, on ^Messrs. Dease and Simpson, and threw a transient gleam of lustre on the llndson's Bay Company, in Avliose service they were. Again the cpiestion appeared to slumber from 18;3i) to ISlo, and to unobservant eyes to bo forgotten ; but it was not really so, tliei'e wero * See "Narrative of an Expedition in II.M.S. Trrrur, lS;5n-37, l>y Capt. Back," pp. 10, 11. t Ihid., p. 98. i f 1 i: 1^ i' II 1 m I il 30 Hill JOHN rUANKI.IN. p active, inti'lli!j;i'iit Hpirits \v;ilc;liiiit,' ovt'i- it; the li'diiifi; wuh dorniiiiit- biit not lost, it only rested tor ti wliile lo renew ilsell'. Dininfj; tliis time ill! that had been ddne was carefully sifted, weiijlied, and conso- lidated for practice, and with nion; inipi-oveil appliances. In the end aniitlier expedition was iirL,'ed on the (Jovernnieiit, and the F.rcliun and ''V'/'/'o;' were placed under the connnand of Sir .loli.i l''ranlilin. Mr. (now yir K. I.) Mnrchison, tlu; J'resident of the Koyal (leo^raphical Society, thus alliules to it in his annual address ('Jlith May, 1^15) :* — "The (piestion of a i'assauje is now almost narrowed to one delinito line of route. With a coniideiit ho|)e of nccomplishinij; this ohject, Sir John Harriiw recently submitted a plan to the l''irst Lord of tho 7\ iii (piestion. "•The rout(! by Lancaster Sound and Harrow's Strait leads nearly in a direct line about -west-south-west to Hehrin<^'s Strait; and is. therefore, ap])arently the proper, and. as fai- as our knowledge hitherto extends, tho only maritime route to be pursued on the pas- sau;asures ) sliips, tho •oniiiiand nt" I (jiiest idii. iti'ait leads Strait ; and knowledge on tho pas- issues from Wellington ter Sound ; ance of its 1)0 that it tliat direc- ocrasion is ow's Strait ■r, between Idle course Capo ; and ' I.and (if "Otly, 01- as xliv.-v. far as tho ieo will aihnit, for the centre of IJeliring's Strait. Tim (hstance to tliis tVoin the <'enlre jioint between ("ape Walker and ."M.K ill.' Island is about !)(»() niih's." It will he seen this plan ciuliran's Sir .bill ii Harrow's \ie\\s in \s'M\. We lia\e thus but hrielly Irai'cd the eurreiit i)f feeling in fa\(iiir of tilt! .North-West Passage, and the ellbrts made by Hngland to solve the (piestioii where can we look for such persistency of purpos(« and such detei'iiiinatidu to carry it out ? Truly has Britannia iiiadif this (piestion her own! AV'e |)roceed, hut shall have occasion, auain and ai,Miii,to revert to this well-considiTcd, judicious j)lan. so clear in its dclinition, so auspicious of successful result. Sir .John Harrow has heen called the '" father of modern Arctic discovery."' Well hag he merited the honourable distinct ion ! After t'Ncnts have thrown a sad and mclanch(dy gloom over the whole snhject ; but they are iKit the coiisetpiciicc of tin.' plan itself, still it is (piest ionalde if they have not resulted in the departure from it his plan was simple and ra- tional; it ri'(piired no straining of the hrain, no extraordinary depth of science" to understand it. But those who came after him, rejei-ting its siiuplicity and clearness, would soar beyond it, the limits of reason, and their capability ; henci' they became visionary, litfiil, giddy, and tortuous ; and hence, the [)lan rejected, the himentable result we all de[)lore. But we return to the expedition of IS 15. This expedition presi'uted at sight a [)urtdy scientitic character; but the commercial interests of man, for his comfort and his happiness, xvere not neglected. Science was there: she came again xvith hor thousand unsolved (pies- tiims ; her votaries were more luniierons, better informed, more sound and exact; the subjects hail a woi-ld-wide interest, and she demanded replies, that she might reward those who seek her, love and i'ollow her for herself. And yet in her course she does not disregard tho discovery and development of new sources of commerce and of wealth. To desire, to seek, and to struggle for a higher and more pei-fect knowledge of our globe, its visible forms and materials, and its invi- sible, mysterious influences, whether upon or cxtei-ior to it, is wise in man ; to this he aspires, for this he labours : to labour is his fate ; it is his happiness too. Labour produces knowledge ; knowledge, power and wealth, and thus are nations benefited : to desire to obtain these, then, id natural ; it is the same now as ever, deny it as we may. AVe sec it around and about ns, on every side ;~here it may be masked under a title, there a ribbon or a medal disguises it : it may exist under a blue, red, or black coat ; it may fight in war or bless in pea<'e ; under whatever phase, there it is. It pervad(>s all classes, from the I u m HH f f i, ,! i nz MU .JOHN IIIANMIV. peer to the pcnsimt ; mid wliy iml ? It iinliicrs iiiiiti to "■ look up," and Hot, '• liko I'nt foiilciiti'd iLjiiorMiicc," down on llic c'lrlli. 'I'lic ;il t:iiniiiciit !ii\ol\('S sMcfilirrs ; iilid licv.lio liiis iidl tlir cniiiML,'!' find sflf-drniid, ;ind, we iimy Jidd, tlic ;nnliilioii. to work out kiliorious (liiys. pri'cliiinci' to 111' iMlloufd by iinvioiis sleepless iii^lits, -soiieecH- Hiiry lionoiiriildy to dt'serve eilliei' or luitli — -not tor tlieniselves, sel- lislily, iniu'k, hut lor the iioMer .'inil wider spliere. nientMlly and ])!iysically. tliey allord for i,M\inL,' and reeenini,', and working nni tli«) happiness of man, siieli an one is false to Innisell' and to liis hopes. Unt the '• lirinht nianpicsscl of <(old," that deluded i'ridiisher. was now to he onl\ seeoudarv : 1h u p, issaije" was the pai'anioinit ohjeet. The new calls of science lireathed asi)irations of a loftier and pui'er form: they were more abstruse and exact iui;, such that had uever entere(l the heads of tht> "( )|d Worthies," 'fheir pi'inclpal i"elianO(* was the compass; they 1lioUi;hl it woidil i;nide them; they knew nothiiiLf of its eccentricities: it, had, ii> f;ict. misLjnided them; their courses were, therefore, in error. 'I'his led to errors in dead i'eckonin<,', and with their methods of calculat ion, as may he ima<;iued, to dead results eoiifoinidini;' tliemseUes ami those who were to come after them. To keep the time, to he Ljoveriierlain tlu'ir loni^'itmle, and so ••shape a course," they had U't to learn. As to courtinij; sweeL Jiuna, " l'"air (Jodih'ss of the Night," and woo from her a path for their •• piiuiessca" and their "shallops" ''o'er the waste of watei's," such witchery was un- dreamed of. i»ut now the coiupas?! was to hv neutralized of its anomalous niove- uients; and as the whole subject of ti'ri'estrial mainK'ti^^ui was under- going iiupiiry, the Noi'th was (>\p( completion of the magnetic survey of the globi'." Occult and mysterious, this demanded the most unwearied care and zeal, and the soundest intellect; oidy these qualities could be made available ; even the hand that could not preserve its most delicate touch amid exposure, and henmnhing cold, was of little service. JMore information of the earth, its crust and its components, and all that live upon it, whether plants or ani- mals ; the ])henomena aliove, and the heat within it ; in short, all that concerns it, whether the air we breathe, the earth we tread upon, or the waters that encompass it, and their subtle influences, — all these were to obtain the careful attention of the expedition. But over and j), ji: HIU JOHN I llVMCI.tV. 88 I '• look ii|). f;irlli. 'I'lic cniii'iiL,'!' ami lilt lal)iii-iiMis s, so nt'd'H- MUSclvt'S, Hcl- iiciilally and liiiiL,' out lilt! 1() Ills Impi's. i'iiImsIm'I'. wart llllllllt (ilijcct. irr ami piifi-r at liad never L'ipal reliance ; lliey knew I tliein ; llieir ad reckon i up;, ;ined. to dead o come nl'tcr ud In imluc- se," tliev liad Mess ol' tlie " and their 'ry was nu- nahms niovo- ) was nnder- sliare in the 'assat t1ii>se re(|uireineni[, perseveriiii,', and enthusiast if ; all that fortitude and love of enter- prise which HO eminently characterized the ''Olih-n Voyaijers," and which renders the memory of them so dear to every KuLjlishmau, the j)ref( rence beini; j:;iveu to those who had already served on I'olar expeditions, and who had ac(|uitted themselves with credit. Dlsthi- f^uishcd tor all these (jualities anionL;st others was Sir John Fraiddin. Me was selected for thi' chief command in the JCrchits. A more judi- I'ioiis selection could not have been maih'. Possessed of a wcll-ret;u- lated, wfll-infornu'd mind, he had dared the perils and the privations of the Arctic vcLjions by sea and by land, anil had actpiircd much e\perienc(>, and i^ood, sound, pi'actical knowledge. 11 is feeliuLC. too, was with the eiiter|)rise : — " 2so service is nearer to my heart than the completion of the survey of the north coast of America, and the accom[)lishment of a Aorlh-West I'assai^e." * C'apt. Crozicr wa.s ajjpointed to the second conunand in the Tci-ro)'. This experienced ollicer had been with Sir lldward I'arry in 1.S21, 1S21, and 1S27 ; and also with Sir James Itoss to the Antarctic refj;ions : he had " borue the licrce extremes of either Pole!" t'onniiander i'it/james acted in the Erebus uuder Franklin. Chivalrous, talented, and kind-hearted, he had seen good service, and was a most eillcient ollicer. These were the chosen leaders of this important expedition ; the other olllcers were selected with equal regard to good service and ability. When we name such oflicers as '' (Jore," late iu the Antarctic regions with James lioss, and with liack iu tlu; Terror ; as Fairholme, of the Niger Expedition, &c., it will readily be imagined what sprt of stuiF they were made of: the junior otllcers were of the most promising, and full of life, as we well remember witnessing on a visit to the jE';r//»,v just prior to her departure ; the crews were j)icked men from among the most steady, daring, and eillcient as seamen ; in fact, the lUlc of maritime England was there. The ships were Htted and strengthened by every process of ingenuity to meet and overcome every obstacle, and for the convenience and ccMufort of the oUicers and crews ; in short, everything that could be suggested in regard • "Journal of tlie IJoval Gooi^n'uphiciil Souiilv,'' vol. vi., part i., p. }G. U 34 silt .UtllN I'HANKI.I.V. Ill I' ;l i to provisions, and even littJc; luxuries, tor cIiiniLjo of dii-t and tlic pro- starvation of lu'altli, was sn|)|)licd. Tims coiuniandcd, lluis ^([uippod, the Erebus and Terror sailed from tlio Tlianus the 2(Jtli May, ISlo, bearing Enct for the tinal settlement of the long-agitated problem. We have already noticed the various opinions submitted to the Royal Geographical Society in is;i(> on this subject: it will bi' seen that the plan adopted, to com])lete which the Franklin Ex])edition was specially directed, owed its origin to the reflective and vigorous mind of the late Sir .lohn i?arrow ; than whom no man was more comi)etent to form a sound opinion. 1'he series of exi)editions from the year IMS, which had by thi'ir discovei-ics shed so ninch lustre on the JJritish name, all originated with him. In order fully to understand the plan, it will be necessary to refer back to the Arctic charts of the year JSt5; without these it is rather dilli- cult to throw the idi'as back twehe years, and to realize the meagre features of the charts Franklin hail for his guiihuice, with the crowded appearance they jjresent now (ISoT) ; and yet they contaiuetl the essence of many a hard-earned renown, from Parry in l!sl!) to Deasc and Simpson in 1889. It will be observed, the widest ojieuiug west- ward is by the way of ])avis' Strait, Patlln's J3ay, aiul JJarrowV Strait. The bottom of Prince Hegent's Inlet had not been visited, it therefore remained undelineated. A connnuuication was supposed * The expedition was nrcompaniod to tiie Wlialefish Island.*, BairinV Bay, by the transport Barretto Junior, Lieut, (now Conim.) Griflithj laden with extra ston ■^. } I J SIR .lltllN IIMNKMX. ;?.') 3 and the pro- 1ms oiiiiipiJod, li INlay, IS 1-5, •rs;il inti'iTst ; 111 nspiraliuiis it lortli iVoui niulclin for liis (il 1)1' ik'L'UKHl lily chosiMi for t^i'iis, and tlie sliint'iit of tlie it Passage. It cause so uiauy < to lead those Kit the e.\[)i'di- verc iiuleliuite ; iiupaiiioiis were I be altogether ly deliiiite, but linal settlement red the varioii> jty in 1S;3() on eoniplett' which ts origin to tlu' )\v ; than whom The scries of iscoveries shed Avith him. In v to refer hack is rather dilli- llize the meagre lith tin- crowded i't)ntaineel the ISI!) to Deasc opening wi'st- and Barrow's |)t been visiti'd, 1 was snpposid BatTin's Bay, I'.V Iwitli extra storw. 1o exist betwe(Mi it and Hack's (ireat l''ish IJiver; but it o\ight to be noticed, I'rinee Regent's Inlet had liitherto been fonnd so ice-elogged that it oil'ered verv little hope of ii ])assage to the westward that way ; the onlv prospect of ;Miceess was the route wi' have above notic. 1, — vi/.. that hv Marrow's Strait. As no attempts had been niatle in the direction of Melville Island, west of DO'-' \V., since l'ai'ry"s celebrated successful vovage in lsl!> au'l 1^20. what was known in that ipiarter was due ;ilone to the enterprise and careful observation of that dis- tinguished ollicei'. .Any assumption rei^arding it nuist, therefore*, bi' founded alone on his authority ; all beyond was purely speeidativo. The chart, then, of Parry, in Isli) and iSiJO, uill be all-snllicient. .Now. taking the south siih- of JJarrow's Strait, and going west on the parallel of about 71° !•")' X.. a coast line is indicated lietween Capes Clarence and Hunny ; a gap or open space then occiu-s of about two and a lialf degrees of lonu;itude, or about forty-ont* miles in this latitude; a shaded spot follows, Cape Walker; from this Cape to l)aid southward and westward. It is true, tlie southern limit of Uanks' Land was not known, nor were th(> northern Hunts of \Vol- laston and A'ictoi-ia l/nids; still it was hoped a passage nught be I'oiuid in the blank of 1* U) inil(>s between Paidis' and \V(dlaston Laiuls, or between the latter and Victoria Lands; and ttie ll2( Mb degree of west longitude being reached on or near the coast of the American continent, the first to navig;ite; it is marked by a greater extent (d'laiid, broken u|i apparently into islands. That cnterprisiug cniinu.auder, with the exception of Melville Island, saw only the southern e.xtreniivies of those lands or islands: the passages between led to the north. One broader than the rest he named the Wellington Cliainiel; he ilesci'ibes it ;is ;i " noble channel,"' " more 1) 2 mm !l t| i 30 Snt lOIIN IMl.WKI.IN. than c'l'^hi leac;ii('s in Aviillli.* Uiil lie did iml sloj* ly cxrimino llicm. No ()iu> knew, lluMrfoiv, wIumv \\\c\ wmild iiltiiii;ilt'ly lead, mid sd tliov uMiiaiiKMl 11 1) lo lilt' vcar is |.r». All In tlit- iidrllijlifii, (d' 7">" N., behvt'on SO" and 11.")" W., uilli (lit> cxccplinii we liiiv iidtii'fd, was uhImiowu and iinliiiiitcd, wliilsl, liv llic soiillifni roiitc a lew d;ivs nt" Hiuvt'ssi'id iia\ ii^alitiii would Ih'Iiil; tlic i(irl imatf ('\|ilnrcrs on known ground, uidi a sea cxtciidini^ to l?('liriiit,f's Strait. Tims lln- the |ilaii: wcMvill now i;ivt> tlic I nsli'iici ions loiindcd ii|ion il. Wo . lsir>:t " kSociion 5. Lancaster Sountl. and its continuation through Har- row's Strait, haviiii; heen four (iiiies navigated withdut any iiiipedi- meiit hy Sir Ivlwartl I'arry, . . will prohahly he lound without liny obstacles troin ice or islands ; and Sit lOdward I'arry liavint,' also proceeded Iroiii (he lader in a straiu;lit course to Melville Ishind, and returned without experieneiiiij; any, or very little dillicn'.ly. it is hoped that tho remainini; ])or(ioii of Ihe passaf^e, about UOO miles, (o Hehring'a S(rait may also be found etpially lV(>e from ohst met ion ; and in pvoccedinj:; to the xvest ward, (herefort>. you will no( slim (,o examine any openinujs eitluM- (o (h(> north leard ov southward in that titrait, but (o con(inut> to push to the westward without loss of time, in the latitude of about 7 l|^ till you have reai'hed (he longitude of that ])or(ii>n of land on which Cape Walker is situated, or about 98"^ W. J'Vcuii that point ire drsii-r tliat rnri/ rjl'orl /»• iisrd to vndrii- voiir to pciu'trate to the Hoiifhirard and nwstirurd, in n t'oiirsr us dii-fcf towards Jielirinifs Strait as flie position and client oj' the ice, or t/ic cristnice of land at present iiitknincn, inai/ admit. " Scvtion (!. We direct you to t/iis j),irticii/ar part of the i'olar Sea a8 atforuiny; (ho //est prospeet of accomiilishiuL;- t/ie I'asstnie to the Paoilio, in consetpieuce of (h(> unusual mai^nitude, and apparently fixed state., of the barrier of ict> observed hy (he lleria and (1 riper in the year IS'JO, olf CajJO J)uiulas, (he soii(h-\ves(ern extremity of Melville Island; and wo therefore consider that loss of time would he incurred in ronewin strait between Devon and Cornwallis Islands, vou Uad observed that it was * Sec I'arry," First Voyage for tlio Disi-overy of a Xortii-Wost l'a.s.«!i>;i'," p. 50. t Sec Parliaincutary Papor, No. 2Gt, " Ardic Expedition," 1818, pp. li to 7. oxaniiuo llicm. V Icilil, ilinl so tlicii, dl" 7')" N., " lint iced, was I- ;i lew (l.'ivs til" M'crs (111 IviidWii IS I'mi' tlif |fl:iii: \Vi> emit llic 111 imiiit' fiiilvit- iirsf (IS ihrccl /lie ire, tjf till' di" tlu' I'dlar 'iiss(i I'dlar Sea." We have given these sections in full; but they may be condcnflcd into a very few words, embracing three poinl.s. I'irst, the expedition is directed lo pniceed to about 711" N., and 0S° W., to a spot iu near vicinity Id ("ape Walker. Secdiully, From thence to tlie Houtli- west, towards Hehring's Strait. Thirdly, Jf arrested by ice or land in that direct itin, and W«-llington Channel was seen in jjassing it ta be open and de; - of ice, the alternative wa.s given, either to proceed np that chaniii'l, or Id per.severe to the south-westward. Thesis ai'c the Instrnctions given nt Sir John J'Vanklin when he sailed: they do mil admit dfddubt; their object and intent are obvioua. Still we eanudt but dbserv(>, there are omissions of the gravest cha- racter. For exainiile, there is no iiu»iition (jf rendezvous, nor of depots to fail back ii[H)n in ease of separation or accident ; no expec- tation held out dl" ri'lief frdui home. The expedition was left to rely solely on its own resources. Sui'cly, there was a want of thought and fostering care in these omissions, for those who were about to dare the rigours of an Arctic climate. We can only account for such apparent neglect iu the feeling that was at the time jirevalcnt, that the Arctic Seas were navigable, with very little dilllculty, "even unto Ihe l*ole." The gallant l''raiiklin himself seems to have outer- taincd the tfuuie idea. These views had ai'isen probably cnit of the ,1 7t % I. .'is SI U .lollN F1I.\.NKI,I>'. siu'c'ossful voyage of ]*ai'i'y,* or tlu' ussuiiu'd existence ol' u Polar Ocean: lieiiee this seemiiii,' waiil ol" necessary precaution. A;:;ain, the solution of the '• (Jreat (Question" involved all tliouji;lit ; no dull, llu'obbinsx, remote probability of what might occur fouml favour to mar, much less to cloud, the hapjiy, hopeful fulure; it Avas invested Avilli the brightest ant icii)at ions c)f siu'ccss. With such joyous teelings, with such coididence and deternunatlon to coiitpier all diili- culties that might oi)pose it, sailed tlii" i''rankliii Expeilition. Alas, that its future shouhl involve a mystery ! Perhaps at no period of our history, or under any circumstances, has an expedition left our shore's so well ('(piipped or |)rovided for, or carried with it so nuich of feeling and heart tVlt solicitude for its w(d- fare and idtimate success in tlu" great object for which it de])arted from us, or for which more anxious, fervent |)rayiM's have been olfered for its sate return to reaj) the glory ami reward of achiev(>d perilous enterprise, than did the j-'ranklin .E\peditii>n. Year after vi'ar have the same teidimis been exhibited throughout the country, Avith all the sincerity of tlu' deepest intei-est; from the highest to the lowest, in I'arlianu'ut and out, all have united in one conuuon expression of sym[)athy for our long absent navigators, coupled with the desire to institute the most I'igid search to recover (if it were ])ossible) anil restore the missing ones to their country and tlieir lioiue. Twelve years of anxiety and painfid doubt, su])ported alone by hope, for " hope of all passions most befriends us here ! " have passed awav since l''raukliu and his gallant associates left us. Ivxpeditiiiu alter expedition has been despatched in search of them, guided by the cU'arest heilds, the coolest judguieiits, and the best of hi>arts : sonn' by the i>ast, otluM's by the west; soiiu' overland, others l)v sea: some by the (iovernuuMit. backed by all its resources; otlu'rs by ])rivate means, suggested by the most exalted feelings, and saucti- lied by th(> I'alls of sutl'eriug huinanity. Amongst these latter stands ])romineutly iorlh the extraordinary ellbrts of Lady Franklin herself AVhat contiuueil personal sacrilices h;is sli(MU)t made ! What inde- " 'Hnit oiitci'iirisinif coininnndcr in:irlo liis iiriiicipMl cliscinorics, iiicltuling that of rrinco l^-fji'iit's IiiK't, in tliirty-tluw iImvs ; (lurint; wliifli In- ran over thirty (lcf;[ri'i's of loimifudc, — Di'ductiiin; tlic tiiiii- occitiiiud t-xploriii',' that inlet, his run IVoni Lancaster Sound ti> Winter llarlxiur was done in eighteen davs ; and, taking his extreme Uinil we>t in thirty dav^, over lliiity-tlu'ee degrees of westing, or, iueUidiug Trinre Kegent's Inlet to his farthest wolerlv point froniLaneaster Sound, the wIk'Ip was done in forty-five daj;-, o\ei' tlurty-tliroe clegrct.- of longitude. II J KANi:, HKLI.OT, AND |)K HIIAV. 39 iic'O of ii l*olar lutioti. A;j;!iiii, nuvr\\i ; ii(» (lull, biiiicl Ihvoiir to it was iinostcd li siu'li joyous ■onquer all dilli- )ccli(i()n. Alas, ■ ciiruinstanoos, |)voviclt'(l lor, ui" ii(k; tor its wol- icli it (l('])art»'d ivi' hocu oUbrcd liirvcd perilous led (liroiiglioiit crest ; I'roin the ' uuitcd in one I'ut naviffators, urli to recover o their couutry irt(>d alone by ! " have passed ;eareh of them, id the b(>st of erlaiid, others )urc(>s ; others ;:s, and saueti- [itter stands uikliu herself. What iuile- ncliiding tliat of rail (iviT thirty il inlet, liis run ivs ; iiiid, t.ilving of wc^tin;,', or, aiK-astor Soiuul, loiitritiidr. I:itii,'ahlt> p . • everanee has she not exhibited! What baa not this noble ladv, this devoted wite, attempted to search out and follow to the i-escue her L,'Mllant husband and his devoted companions! "Wher- ever hope lent a ray, there has she been unshaken by the ])ast, Hrni in the pn-sent. and triisttul in the future, aidinj,' and assisting by her e.\am])le, her presence, and her counsel, the nuuily lieartR around her, iiifiisiuif her own luitiring spirit into them, and giving firmness, strength, and consistency to the whole. Such the Govemmftnt expe- ditions, such the private expeditions, and such those fitted out under the auspices of Lady Franklin herself. Our transatlantic brethren —for the \vi(h>, wild wave cannot t'ifaco the tie of blood have felt and acted, have been up nntl dohf";, intho nuinifit'cnt (li'iiiiicll and gcuel^;»us I'cabody,* with the ready JJe Haveu and the intellii^ent Kane, with the "Advances" titul the " Kcsoues," a small Ijut gallant baml. Ih-ave. warm-hearted !•' ranee, inspii'e sent ; they have been unable, with all their hardy daring, their energy, their endurance and their sufl'erings, to discover farther traces of the lost navigators ; they have been unsuc- cessful. Their regrets arc feelingly expressed, in every variety of form, in th(Mr ofllcial reports. Let no man say they have not " done th(>ir duty;" we .shall show to the contrary. If there exists a poor worn-out spirit, prostrate with "that sickness of heart which arises from hope deferred," or a discontented, over expectant, or less amiable being, who thinks more might have been done, let such read the Arctic reports, and learn from those valuable, particularizing docu- ments what has been doiu^ by their more than equally disappointed (from want of success) gallaut eountrym'^u. Having done so, they will rise with a changed and better spirit — one rather of admiratiuu and encomium. If prolonged I'liduring elTort — if dragging extreme Aveights (life-sustaining and therefore not to be lessened) over rugged surfaces, long distances, eontiinu'd day by day so long as to institute a Comparison unfavourable to the powers of the horse ; now sleeping in damp and wet, or thanking cr-iel frost for the dryness it brings; and now, under an intensity of cold of which we have no conception, many degrees below zero ; — surely, if aught has, these have a claim ou the better feelings of our nature. No! no one can doubt the untiring energy and perseverance of our sailors, whether oQicers or men ; and who shall gainsay * Spc Blur llonli, IR,")."), "P'urlhov Pnpor.-,'' fir. : Sir Kflwarfl Belcher's Letter, p.C8. 1, \M)S DISCOVERED. 41 pleasure of \m l)e mado known I tho (listinotiou ' and liis lionic, esteem by Eng- ioful tlianks of la— Europe felt. ; for tli()«e wlio a errand, avIioho ts sympathy for and crews ; and in the pi-rilous ) joyful dcmon- (l to realize the lo, with all their ir sufferings, to ave been unsuc- evcry variety of have not " done •e exists a poor U't which arises or less amiable such read the ularizing doon- y disappointed done so, they of adnn"ratitfu i^ging extreme d) over rugged IS to institute ; now sleeping ness it brings ; no conception, lave a chiim on perseverance shall gainsay ler's Letter, p. CF>. their feeling ? for who has not noticed with admiration their simplo- iiiiiided kind-heartedness heightened often to chivalrous daring and uUrr regavdlessness of self at the call of distress? But in tiiis case, with more tiian lUO of the llower of their country !iu>n, on a cherished but perihms question, in jeopnrdy, with the baneful breath of tho north wind rustling wild ami mournful in their ears, singing, per- chance, the sad recpitem of their long absent friends, urging them to the rescue, who shall dare say they were not sensitively alive to th6 sacred call of the holy mission on which they had entered? Sailors have, willi rar(> exceptivins, ever done their duty in times past, and, we thank (rod, our sailors are not at all altered; they may be '• rough," but they are always '•ivady." It may not be out of place here to give jmxif of what they have done. The whole of the north si(h' of Barrow's Strait has been searched to the ])arallel of 7S' N. ; east to the long., of S0° A\'. : and west to jVlelville and Prince J'atrick's Islands to TJo"" W. This includes all the jiasi^ages between the I'arry Islands — the over-eslimatedd, elusive Wellington Channel, I'enny's Sea lnyond, and the new islands arising out of its discovery to the north and north-east of it, converting Jones's Sound into a strai*. On the south side of Barrow's Strait, Eegent's Iiih-t to Bellot's Sti-ait on the east, and to the west the coast line between Port Leopold to Cape Bunny ; Ihc east and west coasts of Peel's Sound, the former to hit. 72° ;iS' N., and the latter to 71° 45' X. ; and from Cape A^'alker to the west aiul south, to hit. 72" X., and h)ng. 103° AV. Over land and over sea, the whole Arctic coast-line of America, from B.^hriug's Strait east to 105° A\'., has been ex- amined; also from the bottom of llegent's Inlet to 95° AN"". The northern and western limits of AVoUastou and Banks' Lands, including Baring Island and Albert Land; the southern limits of AVollaston and A'ictoria Lands eastward to 100° A\'. Here, then, is suri'ly more than proof, if proof were wanting, of the intlomitable energy and perseverance of our sailors ; but there is a space yet blank on our charts, the particular s])aoe to which the energii's of t' _ Pranklin Exjjcdition were specially directed ; that remaius even yet misearched. It lies between 10.3° and 115° AV. In the prosecution of the extended .search that has been made, it is oidy justice to the gallant oilicers and nu'U to say, that where they were directed to go, the search has been complete ; their exertions have given to England another kingdom, but, alas ! it has been dearly purchased. Tins is highly honourable to our sailors, and geographically it had added another wreath to Britain's well-earned laurels— a wrc-ath pure and 4 12 sill .lOUN KUANKLIN. • I imstainod by the batofiil nmrl< of blood. Still there is the sncritioe ; till ISC whom (hey soiinrht, lliey have not foinid ; and whih' we cordially adiiiil Ihey hav(^ done their duly, Ihe (|ues1i()iis yet remain, -" What has beeome of the gallant Fratddin and his ('oni])anions ? Jlave \vc sonL,dit iheni in the rii^ht direelion?" Sei'iiii,', then, that every I'tlort of all the searebiiit!: squadrons h;\A l\\'\\vi] to trai'c tiie course the Franiilin Expedition tool< after I(>avin<; lleeehey Island (ISId); seeinu; that the iin])ortant relics brouarching squadrons ? These questions it Avere Avell to consider. A\'<' are all predisposed to particular views and pre-con- ceived notions, professional or otherAviso. ]{(mtine infests and imparts its iullueiu'c to all bodies of men, Avhethcr atloat or ashore; it is seen in all establishments, naval and militai-y, ollices, inanu- factorit's, evoryAvhen* ; the aged adopt it, and call it experience; the young reject it, and term it dotage. Ignorance is bold and intrusive, and rumour retails her Gctious. Avhile feeling '' no t11 to iiul |)re-eon- iid'ests and : or ashore ; ices, inanii- .'rience; the id intrusive, oft mediuui Knows." Each uiid all have a power over the mind, and bah>fiil, too iil'len. are tlie etlrrls ; we pi-ay llicy may not have intlueii'-fd thtj dccisidns on this distressful suhjeef. We hiivc already claimed \\>r our sailors tlic merit that is justly their due foi- their cnutiinicd, daring, and unwearied exertions. .\s t(i the means cm|)loyed in the search, tliev were, without doubt, perfect, t"or they combined all the ailvantai,'cs of the two ex*reme o[)inions — expeditions by land and sea. It remains, then, to consider. Has a rii;ht direction been ujivcii to the cll'orts of the searchers? lias all been done that could have liecn done ? Here we jiause. Ht'fore we reply to these important ipieslions, it is no less impe- rative that we should iufpiin upon what ])riuci[)le the plans of .vm/v/* should have, and have lieeii foumlcd. We know the orii^'innl plan ami intenlioiis of th(> voy;ii,'e. and the instructions ^iven to Sir -lohii I'ranklin (when he sailed ), with the hope of coiii|)|et Iult //>"/ j'/an and //nisf iiilcnliuns. Have we au!j;hl beside ? Has any new fact arisen to alter or suspend either one or the other ? We can easily eonceiv(> that any sidise(|ueiit change of eirciimstances, such as Sir John l''raukliu bt'ini,' unable to fullll eit!u-r of the jiriniary points of his instructions, woidd necessarily iii\ol\e a cliam;e in his coiii'se of action; but from the time he saih'd (Is 15) not a particle of > \ideiic,> I'xists to prove that he was prevented or unable to do so. We are, tluMi, in the same position as we were in 1M|."); we have, in short, oidy the IihslrucHoiin ire (/arc Iiim on /ii's Jcjntiiun' lo (juiile vh to him. They and they aloiii' laii or should instruct us how to follow Kim. Here, then, is the ])rincij)le u[ion which the plans tor search should have been basi'd. Jlis Instructions direct him fu'st to a jj;iven ])oiut near Cape AValker; second, from thence to the soufh-west; third, ifpivveiUv'd by obstacles in that direction, and favourable ])ros|)eets otl'eriui; in another (Wellington Channel), he had the option either still to pei'severe to the south-Avest, or to adoj)t tlu' more l'a\ durable pmspect by Wellingioii Channel. ^iow, havi' xve, in forming oiip [)laiis of search. r(>cogiiized such a principl(> F that is, have we founded them upon these Instructions? If, in the absence of other rules to guide us, we have departed from them, insomuch as wi> have di'paj-ied, have we strayed from the only guide we liad to him, and involved ourselves in the ma/.cs of uncertainty. AVe know the t'xpeditiou reached IJeechey Island; wc have no positive proof that it was crippled or lost there ; we therefore must conclude it sailed from that island. Here all that is positively known ends : still we iiold it reasonable to assume that the expedition, after its departure? 3 tt sin JOHN FItANKLIN. it: i H •I > t It r » I' ',1 nttnuptt'il to I'lillil llu! primary point (scrtiou filli) of its TnslnictioiiH, II'.mI is, thill it attt'inptcd to ri'auh Cape W'aiktT. aiid to j^jct to the Houtli-wi'st. All heyoiid this is dark, but )io/ acahil in mystery. Now, what have i)een our plans I'or the recovery of the l''rauklin |]\|ieditiou ? what the iustriietions ^'iven to the various searching; sijuadrons for the attainment of so desirahle, so luniiiine an end? We speak pait ienlarly of those sent by the way of JJarrow's Strait ; foi- there is not a douht that all the land expeditions throu^di Ameriea tothe Ari.'tie Sea, and alsot'iose hy sea r/r? lieiwinij's Strait, originated out of a jusl sense of the ])rohaliility of the J''ranklin E.\j)edition haviui,', hy a south-west course from Capi' Walker, as ordered, either made the passai,'e, or a|)proached the American coast so ni'arly as, in case of distress, wreck, or of abandoning tlu; »hij)s, to oiler Ihe iiest means of escape froiu the perils of the Xorth. The fad of sending' expeditions in tluse directions indicates, too, that the tenor of the Instnu'tions H;ive'i to P'ranklin was understood, viz., from about Capo Walker to pencti-ate in a south-west direction. We turn, then, to those sent by ]iarrow's Strait . Iler(>, latterly, a wiilcly dillercnt principle deems to have been acted on from that U])on whieh it is known and admitted that tlu; Franklin Kxpedition was ordered to lollow. fajx' Walker, and tlienci' in a south-west direc- tion, seems to have been forifotlen, or only partially thoui,dit of; or wl'.y ha\( directi'd the search to be nwule to the luirtli of Jiarrow's Strait, particulai'ly by the Wellin^'ton Chaiuud, before completiuif the examination of the southern side, wi'st of ("ape Walker, that is, Parry's or 31elville Sound ? Certainly the latter should have been oin- tirst object, especially as that unknown s])ace involved the spirit of the orit,Mnal plan, which Sir .lohu J-'ranklin was instructed to com- plete: aiul we had no proof of its impracticability, no reason to induce a departure from the Instructions given to him. It is true, Fraidvlin had the alternative, in case of int'Tmountable obstacles presenting themseht's to the south and west, to I't'tin-n and make the attempt by Wellington Channel ; but that lu' was shut out in that southern direction by such obstacles we bad no knowledge, no new laets to prove. Jt tlu'refore follows, that by leaving the space between Cape Walker and JJanks' Land unsi'arched or incompletely examined, for tlu^ north, we have departed from the right direction, and the hope of iinding our hapk'ss countrymen. AVe cannot understand this, we cannot com|)rehend, much less aj)[)reciate, the soiuuluess of any judgment or plan that orders an expedition in a precise direction, and then searches for it in a dii-ection i K SIR .TOHN niAVicr.iN. ■15 « Tiislnictloiis, t(l ^('t to lIlL- mystery, tlic l''riiiikliii ous Hfarchiii"; iiiiiit' ail ciul i* rrow'a Strait ; r()ii<;li America rait,orij;iiiatt'(l ill E.\])('(lili()ii )r(lcn'(l, i-itlicr ast HO nearly ).s, to oiler the The fact of tliat tlie tenor i/.., from about iere, hitterly,;! 'roiM that upon l.\|)eclition was ith-west ilircc- lioiii^ht of; or 1 of IJarrow's ro eoiiipletiiii; iilker, tliat is, hi have been vetl tho spirit noted to coin- no ri'ason to It is true, e obstacles and make the t out in that ed',H', no new 1^' the space incompletely ^lit direction, d, much less lat orders an in a dij'ectiou nt rif,'ht nni,d('s Id tlint in which it wast ordered. This, we fear, has been the fatal error, and hence we mourn the lon^' absence of our missiiiL,', if not lost, coiiiifrymcii. i''or these reasons we cannot satislaclorily coiiviiire our-eUes that the search for lUeiii has been complete, or that they have Ixeii soiiL^lit in the riLjIlt direction ; eonscpieiitly all has not been done that could or should have been done. We have referred to the |)laiis for search adoptctl in the past, and we know their barren results, nofwilhstaiidinuf the e.vtremi' etforts that bave been made on the |)art of thos(> a|)pointed to carry them out: the friiitles.s past niav. nevertheless, yield us instructive lessons for the future. Wo have .^eeii that |)laii after plan has been adopted, and, what is rarely the caise, has been well carried out, and yet all have ended unsuccess- fully ; and so far from assisting' to dear the obscurity and the yjlooiii that envelops this inournful subject, they have rather teiuh'd yet more to embarrass and mystify it. 'J'heir baseless structure and utter insullicieiicy are proved by the painful doubt in which they Icjivc the siul subject afti'r seven years of laborious .search ; they have ended by tellinu; us where the J''ranklin Hxpedilion is not, rather than ■where it is. lint any plan, howevi'r inconsiderate and wild, could have told this, and ])erchaiice mi;.;bt have told us more. We must confess we are not surprised at their universal failure, for the}- were founded on nu-re assumption, an assumption aiita<^oiiistie to the only f,Miide we had, vi/,., the Instructions given to the Franklin Expedition; hence, loss of time and distressliijj; disappoint menls. The plans tliat iiave sought in the north for an expedition that was directed to tlio south-west, carried within themselves the elements of their owu failure. This would have been of little eons(>tpience, if they had not involved the safety of the exiiedition. Still one feels quite at a loss to account for such extreme aberration of iileus on a question so clear and distinct. After Avbat we bave expressed, the conflicting natiu'e of tlie opinions existing on this subject is not greatly to be wondered at; and yet the <.»riginal plan of the voyage for the discovery of "the J'assage," as also the Instructions embodying it for the guidance of Sir John Franklin, are, as w(> have shown, simple and ch'ar in their object and direction; but we have departed from them, and hence confusion reigns. It is clearly obvious that, where v,e sent him, it was our duty to follow, if we wouhl hope to find him; we have not done this, ami the extreme differences between the direction given to the searchers and the sought has not t)nly failed to find the h)sfc expedition, but has contributed to encourage erratic ideas ou the ^\U>i '^K^ i i 4U Hll( rullV lit ASKI.IV. Huhjcct : llic ('()ns('f|iu'iin' i.<, tliiil uliiiliuiis Kiiiiplr i\\u\ tlcjir has brcoiiic iiiMilvcd iiiiil rniiru^fil. Il'llmsc wlin arc siipitoscd ii> hr af(|iiaiiitf(l with tlic <)rit;iiial iiitnilidi) ul'lhr xuva^c lliiis dill't'i-, can \\c h(> a.sldiiislicd that others U-nn iiilnniicfl (a class always iiiuic coiilidciit and .Ncir-n|iiiii(iiiati'»d) ^hiudd .>ci t htiii>cl\cs ii|) Ini' jiidycs, and add their indi;;c>tcd and dhsciirc nntidus to the mass, nnl il at last, the wlnde becdnn's. as \\c lind it. chaetic, and a sad inNsterv? Such is the slate of nncertaintv rci,'ardinL,' this nicMioralde c\|iedit inn. Ihat while some douht if it i;ver left Heechev Island at all. others IhinU it attem|iled a passanv In the way ef ['eel's Snund. and was lost there: some assert it was lost in |{e^enl"s lidet. uhiUt oIIkm's thiidv the catastrophe occiirri'd on its homewanl voyanc Some tion the intent ni' the Instructions, ami doiiht the clcai-ness thai adndts i\\' so many and such \arious inti'rpi'ctat ions ; others hy their opinions woidd lead one to I he 'oiiclnsiou thai the Adndralty did not know exactly to what (|iiarler t hey had sent the c\|ie(lit ion : I'or some have asserted dctermiuately that it went up \Vcllini;tou Channel: others have thoni,dd .loncs's Sound; and e\en Smith's Soinid has hail iis ad\ocatcs ; Imt I'cw lia\i' Indievt d that the expedition lollowed tin' direction u[' its Instrui-tions, and endea\(»ured to ^et west and south. I'i\en the excelleut-heai'ted I''ranlt('i'_v ? Ir i'\|iiMlitiiill, lit illl, (itllCI'S iiiil. iiihI WilS W lul>t ulllCI'S iVMUl'. Si HIM' •Icill'lU'SS tlllll licrs li_v tlu'ir ii'mIIv (lid iKit (111 : tnr soiiic nil ( 'liaiiiicl : (iiiiid lias liad lollowcd till' st and soiilli. a|)('d aiiiiiiad- \y WiiiU'd liis alty liistnic- liiTs ci'iisurc sjii'c'ially al, h)ii tlariii;:; : il'spi'iiii^fs (if a tilt' voyajj;('. id dtlu'rwisc II'SI' (it' tllt'SC Icavi' these UKHI. raiiklii) have or less o[)eu 11 lit' duty ill ce cuter our I'utcrprisiii!^' record tlic ii[), are best ofessiunal. }eograplueal Society, ill his aiiiiiial address, :Miiyl2(», Is 1,'i.arteniof icili;; the recent, dc|)arlure of llie /'.VrA/'.v and Trrrm;* Kiivs : -" As iiir as depends mi my judicious and (•iiterprisiiii,' tVieiid, Sir John l''ranhliii, and lii> ener- getic oliiccrs and seal lien, I have the fullest ciiulideiicc that e\ei'yl hiiii; will he dime lor the [irniiiot ioii of science, and lor the honour of the British nanie and navy, that luiinaii ell'orts can aecoinplish. I'lie name of I'VanlJin alone is, indeed, a iiatimial ;;uarautee: and prouil Mliall we L,'e(ii,'raphei's he if our ijallant Vice- I'resideiit shall ret urn after achieving; such an exploit, and gladly, 1 am sure, would ue then oti'cr to him our presidiiitial chair as some sli'^ht reconi|iense tor Ins lU'dnoiis lahoiirs." Sir l'"raiicis IJcaiifort ( II ulronrapher) thus speaUs : "Sir .lohii Friuiklin is not a man to treat his orders with levity, "t inid Sir Mil wan I Parry reiterates the ohservat ion of tlu^ llydrotiraiiher. Sir .loliii Hicliardsoii says: — " It is admitted hy all who are intimately acipiainted with Sir John i-'raiiMin, that his first endeavour would he to act up to the letter of his I ii>triicti(ins." These authorities may Huliice to show the est imat ion in which Sir .John l-'ranklin was hehl, hy those eminently capahle of foiiiiiiiL,' an opininii on his merits. The character of this ^reat and ijood man can he enhanced hy I'o eiiloifiiiin of ouis ; our o|)iiiioii avails iiothiiiij; ; hut, heiiii,' of the world, iiioviiiif in and observant of it, we are wishful to si'c justice rendered, and the palm awarded where it is most due. We take a deep interest ill the " (Question," and in Arctic matters ;j;euerally, more especially- since tlu> " l'"atlier of Arctic enterprise" aroused anew the dormant (never extinct) spirit of ib-itish feelinif, for further etl'orts to reveal the hidden secrets of the ^iorth. As such, let it not be ascribed to ]ir('sumptioii if we otler the ^'rouml of our faith in the man, — how wo learned to appreciate the liii,di ([ualitics of Sir John l''rankliii. Ante- cedents will, and should evi'r infliience, and these were all his own, were all in his favour, lie bad often been selected for Arctic ser- vice-in fact, had been reared amidst the perils of ice auil storm, by land and by sea; there he gained and pi-rfected his experience. Science acknowledged him as hers, for bis labours were constant to solve her Arctic problem. A'o wonder, then, that be should bo selected for this important command. Though tried by danger and deprivation in extreme, even where hope seemed lost, and sorrow and distress alone remained, still he did not despaii", for be had learned * See "Journal of tlie Royal Ocographicnl Socioty," vol. sv., part i., p. 40. + IVliainent.-iry Papers, No. 107, "Arctic Expedition," jip. 01), 10:i, 1U7. f^ .} ■TT^ 48 Sni JOHN KHANICIilN. ! i i I -i i t to rely wliorc reliance ran ali)iie be placed, and lie srivthcred confidence where hope <:jave no siu;ti. The records ot'his career tell of !'baii(h)n- inent, of lunii;ei', of iniirdei', and of death; stdl ht> preserved the ecpianliiiity of Ids soul iii the most fe.irful situations, lie was kind and humane, aud his f >llo\vei's, and all about him, knew it; even the savai:;e felt its softenin;^ inllueuce; wIumi the white man had for^otteu his felh)w white man he relieved him in his extremity! Who can read of the i^enerous Akaitcho and his trii)e, and the noble sacrifices they made for him, without confessinij; the fascinatin before noticed, sailed fi-om the Thames .May 'JC. lSl-5. They arri\ed safely at the Whalefi^h Islaiuls. Sir .lohn Franklui, in a letter to the Admiralty, dated thence 112th .lidy, iSlo,* says, "The ships are now complete with supplies of every kind for three years, . . and I hope to sail in the lught," as " 1 have learnt, though the winter was severe, the spring was not later than usual, nor was the ice later in breaking away hereabout ; it * Sl'c rarliauu'iitiiry Piipor:^, >'o. ^(J-l, " Arctio Kxiwditioii," p. 50. ^ SIR JOHN FUANKLIN. 19 d coniidoncc of i'bandon- rcscrvt'd tlio lie was kii\d it ; ovtMi tlu' lad l'or!j;()ttt>ii ! Who can bio saci'itk'i's lowor ol" tliis 10 idea of his iiicw how to '\v this groat more fitting to of shmdor, futurity over uliu Frankliu y have darod 1 list ructions, iitorprise, for ohn Franklin re ohosoii for liioh they had of (hat they ructions by ontinuod to voyage was instrutiions have been regret, the issiug expe- I'd from the if the sad mystery which envelops the fate and position of this menuirable expedition. Wo shall now inquire if there exists no cause for this unhappy lermiuatiou to our prolonged elVorts ; we shall examine the opinions and plans upon which the searching expeditions have been directed to act. AVe have long questioned their soundiu'ss, for wo could never see any promise of happy result likely to arise fi-om any opinion or phm which recommended a search in one direction for an .; ■! 'I p. 50. Jill' Sliillr.iglaw's "Niirriitivp of Arctic Discovery, 1851," y. liTl. i a If .J .; 50 SIR JOHN Fn.VN'KLlX. expcdllion sent in another and a widely ditVeront one. We cannot coiiiprelicnd the efl'icacy of any plan that does not inelude the intent of Franklm's Instructions. Wo have yet to understand the train of rcasonhipj which institutes a search to the nortli of Barrow's Strait with the hope of recovering,' the Franklin Ex|)e(lition, which was (on a specific and approved plan) specially directed to the south-west; nunli less can we comprehend why this particular (this south-Avest) quarter, to which it was sent, should he almost altoj^ether neL,dected — or at best only partially examined. In the prosecution of our in(|uirits W'> shall notice all sugj^esticms and jtlans, whether puhlic or ])rivat(', that come before us, and the searching expeditious arising out (if them, their orders and their doings, whether by Harrow's or iJehring's Straits, or by the INIackenzio or the Coppermine Kiver ; but our prin- cipal attention will bo devoted to those by BalHu's Bay and Barrow's Strait ; our immediate object being to ascertain why the south-west. from Cape AValker (Melville Sound), has been (mly "partially' searched, whilst the north of Barrow's Strait has obtained almost exclusive attention. AVe shall note, too, the variotis rumours ainl reports that have from time to time arisen — alike false and uufeeluiLr, and s|)ecially to be denounced. ISK). — The year 18 10 pas.sed away without the betrayal of moiv than the ordinary anxiety which is always felt for those that aiv away, espiniially when on an enterprise, such as that of the Erebus ami Terror. The genend impression was that Sir J(jhn Franklin woiilil not lightly relindition, the " Sd- foi- any ordinary ted by his able 'xoellent oflieeis y reeord was a IG), by Sir Jolm at, in the event (as the one 1 le year IS i7, to arch of hin\ an ', nd)er;U), I81(ii. eciated by tlicii mi)hited." The the whale-shii': 81:8," p. 53. ls}.7. The first olllcial iiotiee we have of watch and ward over tho fortmu's of the Franklin Kxpedition emanates, as it very properly should, from tlu' .Vdmiralty, and seems to have orii:;inated out of several eommunieatious to their Tiordships from Sir John Ross. This doeuuuMit is dated, Admiralty, February 19, lSt7,* and is addressed to the late Sir i'Mward I'arry. It encloses " extracts of two recent hitters from SirJohn Jtoss," and requests " the substance of any com- nnnn'cation whi<'h Sir John Franklin may have made to" him with regard to " depots " " for his relief (no record of such " " havinu; been left " " here ") " their Lordships being sure, that from his known inti- macy," "he would have consulted him on tho subject." "Their Fiordships, having unlimited confidence in the .skill and resources of Sir John Franklin, have as yet felt no apprehensions about his safety ; hut, on the other hand, it is obvious, that if no accounts of him should arrive by the cud of this year, or, as Sir John Ross expects, at an earlier period, active steps must then be taken." TluMr Lord- ships then call for Sir Edwai-d Parry's opinion on the subject, both with respect to the question of em})loying vessels, the period of .sail- ing, and the .several j)Iaees it would be expedient to visit; as well as for any advice which may occur to "him," who has had "so much p(>rsonal experience of tho Arctic regions," &c., &c., and concludes, " it woidd be satisfactory " if you would call upon Sir James Ross, (^iilouel Sabine, and Sir John Richardson, to enter into considtations with you. The two extracts are as following ; the first is dated January 27, If^ 17 : — " In reference to tho several communications I have made to my Lords Conunissioners of the Admiralty, touching the probable ])osition of the discovery ships under the command of Sir John i'ranklin, and in the performance of a promise I made to that gallant olilcer, namely, that if no accounts were received from him up to the middle of January, 1S17, I would volunteer my services to ascertain his fate, and to visit the several depots we had fixed before his dei)ar- ture from England. '• I beg most respectfully to state, for the information of my Lords Conunissioners of the Admiralty, that my o])inion, founded on my experience in the Arctic regions, and on my knowledge of the inten- tions of Sir John Franklin, is, in the first place, that he cannot have succeeded in passing through Behring's Straits ; because the expedi- tion, had it been successful, would have been heard of before the * Pnrliamnitarj Papers, No. 261, " Amti,- Kxpoclition, 1848," p. 21. !•: 2 ^^i \ T ft J t "I ,1 ' ' tl 62 SIB JOHN FRANKMN. middle of this month ; and, in tlio second place, the probability is, that Ilia ships have been carried by drift ice into a position from which tliey cannot be extricati'd." The second, dated February 0. IS 1-7 : — " Tn reference to the coni- tnunicatioii I iiad the honour of niakiuu; tt) you this luorninj;, when J pointed out tlie impossibility of Sir .loliii Frauivliu and his crewbeiiii; able to reach the nearest place a whaiing-ship could be found, from the position in which the expedition must be frozen np, eonsecpient on the known intentions of iSir John Kraiiixlin, namely, 1o put his ships into tlie drift ice at the western *'nd of Mclvilh! Island ; a risk which was deemed in the highest degree imprudent by Lieut. Parry and the olVicers of the expedition of lSl5)-2(), witii ships of a k>ss draught of water, and in evi'ry respect better calculated to sustain the pressure of the ice, aiul other dangers to whicli they must be expitsed ; and as it is now evident that the exju'dition cannot have succeeded in passing 'Behring's Strait, and, if not totally lost, must, have been carried by th© ice that is known to drift to the southward, on land seen at a great distance in that direction, and from which the accunudation of ice behind them wdl, as in my own case, for ever prevent the return of the s^iips ; cousctpiently they m\ist be aban- doned either on thy iPt of May next, in order to reach iMi'lvillc Island before the snow melts at the ei\d of June, and wh(>re the\ must remain \intil the Ist of August, and at which place 1 had selected to leave a depot of pi'ovisions, absolutely necessary for their susti - nance; or if they defer their jouriu^y luitil the 1st of jVFay, ISts, it will be still more necessary that provisions, fuel, «fcc., should be depo- sited there, after 1 had secured my vessel in a harbour on the south side of JJarrow's Strait, aiul in such a position as wouUl enable them to reach her when the sea was silliciently open for b»)ats, which 1 would leave at the di'p«')t hi ' Winter llai'bour,' while in the mean- time I would survey the west coast of lioothia, and in all ])robabilitv decide the question of a Nortli-W'est i'assage. 1 was oiriciall\ acquainted by Captain Hamilton that it was the intention of their Lordships not to accede to my proposals, but to offer a reward tu whalers and to the Hudson's Hay Company, to use their ' endeavours' for the rescue of Sir John Franklin and his com|)ani(ms, a proposition I hereby protest against as utterly inelliiient ; for as one of the otHcers of Parry's expedition, who was then of opinion that wlini Sir John Franklin intended to do was imprudent, and who from v\\h- rience knew with what extreme difficulty we travelled 300 miles over much smoother ice after we abandoned oiu' vessel, and must be certain SIB JOHN FRANKLIN. 58 ( probability is, I position Ironi ico to the com- lorniiij;, wheu I [ liis crew boincj be t'ouiul, from up, eons('([ueiit. it'ly, to put liis ;! Island ; a risk l)y Jjii'Ut. I'arry sbips of a less ;utetl to sustain li they must be iou cannot bave jViUy lost, must I tbe soutbwanl, and fronj wbicli vn case, for ever mvist be ab;m- I reach IMelvillr and where they e 1 had selected or their suslc- ]\ray, IStS, it lould be depo- r on tbe south 1 enable them joats, which 1 e in the mean- all ])robability was oiliciall} iition of thi'ir r a reward Id r 'endeavours' s, a pro[)osltiou as one of tlio lion that what who from expi- UOO miles over nnist be certain Ul(l t that Franklin and bis men, 138 in number, could not possibly travel HOO miles, while we had in jirospect the Fiinfs stores to sustain us after our arrival, besides boats; and unless 1 reach Melville Island ne\l sumnicr, they will have nothing." We have deemed it better to give these extracts in full, fearful of dt :«lroviiig the sense of them by abridgment. It will be impossible, ■wilhiu our cireumseribed limits, to award the same justice to the distinguished men whose opiiiitms afe sought, but vvc will endeavour faitlifidly to give the sense of their rej)lies: even this would be scarcely necessary, were it not that new opinions have arisen, opinions so opposed and inconsistent with the tenor of Franklin's Instructions ; the latter have been so pervertinl s, 2'.h'd Feb., 1S17.* He says: — "As to de])ots. he has no recollection whatever of any such communica- tion from yir John Franklin. The conclusions of their Lordships, as to the alisence of any present cause for apprehension, exactly coincide with his own. Former ex])erience has clearly showu that, with resources, two winters may be passed in the Polar Kegions, not only in safety, but with comfort. The wbsenee of intelligence is ratlu'r in favour than otherwise of tbe success which has attended * See rarliauicutarj- raper.», No. 264, "Arctic Expedition, 1818," -.,> 23—28. 64 SIK JOHN KHANKLIN. i i !j? r < '^ m their ettbrts, but conceives that tlie time has arrived when due i-rc- puratiouH should be uiiide I'or an active search, in case no iiitbrniation should l)e received in the autumn of the year." As to the measures to be [)ursued, '* iiotliiuLf short ol' a second well et|ui))|H'd expedition could be expected to do more iliau ])eni'trate through IJarrow's !St»rait, which luay be cousideretl as tin ""re threshold of the eut( r- [)rise in which the En-hu)! and Terror are engaged. The only plan wliich appears to hold out a reasonable prospect of success is to putiji 8up])lies to the norllu'rn coast of the American continent and tin islands adjacent thereto, with the assistance of the Jiudson's Buy Company," and refers to the ex|)erieiiee of Sir John Jiichardson fui all matters of detail. " In concjusion, it might bo satisfactory U adopt (as sugi est ward in tlial o make liis \\;i\ til coast of tin success in tliat n Sound (Chan- Islands ; ujid it' a passarje uIohl' 1 resjiect to tin expedition," In »ped to j)ass \\\" uber shall hiUr cause for nidii sailed ; but the without sutisfac- cautionary st('ii> of two streiii; ind cncouragiii;; the whalers bv an adeipiato reward to examine the shores of Lancaster Strait and AVellinLjtoM Sound. The i)oat |>arty which sailed from Jlwdsou's Jiay last sunnner for the Welcome aud bottom of Keijent's Inh't will procure intelligence of the shii)a, should thev have ^onv down Jicffcnt's Inlet." Sir John Kichard- Bon ;i(l(Is: "There remains the coutin;,'ency of the ships haviuj; ixMietraied some c )nsiderable distauce to the south-west of C'api? AValker, aud liaviug been iiauipered and crushed in the narrow cliauncls of the Archipelaij;o," believed to occupy "the space bet ween \'ictoria, Wollaston, and Banks' Lauds. Such acciih-nts nmouiif ice are seldom so sudiU'U but that the boats of one or both ships with provisions ean be saved ; aud in such an event tlu> sur- vivors would either retiuMi to Jiaucaster Strait, or make for the continent, accordiui; to their nearness. Sir John Franklin being fully aware of the parts of the continent where they may expect relief, we may expect intelligence of the crews having reached a post of the Hudson's J}ay Company to arrive in June or July lu'xt, to obtain tidings of the ships. Wtdhiston aud N'ictoria liands ajul the iieiglilxiuring islands might be visited by boats, but this cannot be eilected earlier than August, ISJS." Sir John liichardson proposes a boat ex})e(lition, enti'riug into all the details of number, ai/.e, manning aud provisioning. ])eriod of departure, wintering |)lace, Sic, and adds: — •Should the season be favourable, the boats would arrive in the .Mackeii/ie by the end of July, ami at its mouth in four davs afterwards ; time enonLjh to examine a considerable portion of the coast, or even in a line autumn to run down AVollaston Land, and return to winter (piartcrs by way of the Cop|)i'rmiue Jiiver, thus searchiiiLj the whole line of coast to which a shipwrecked crew would make their way. The winter resiih'uce ought to be at the north end of (Ireat Bear l-ake, as from tiiat locality the chainiels between AVollaston ami N'ictoria Lauds could be most easily ex|)lored in the Bummer (ISlS))." lie couchules by adding, "he would cheerfully conduct it himself." The Admiralty, the 2nd 3Iarch, 18J7, in a letter to Sir John Pelly, 13art.. says : — •" Jieing engaged in collecting the best practical opinions as to the nu'asurcs to be adopted towards obtaining tidings of Sii- John Krauklin, have now befoi'e them letters from Sir Edward Parrv and Sir John liichardson. from the last of which uiv Lor(l^ be about to prooood in conuuanil of an oxpodition, with a viow u! rtloc'tinjjT a passage by sea round the uorthoru shore of tlu' Ainerioan continont. To that ond ho j)roi)oses going up Davis' Strait into Tallin's Hay, through Lanea.stor Sound, Barrow's Strait, and iiisidi INIolvillo Island on to Point Jiarrow." The ri'st relates to tin t'oni[)any's torvants, and through thoni tlie natives, " to be on tli( look out for the expedition," &c. lEoro the route intended li\ J'Vankliu is laid down so clearly, that it is impossible to niistaki' it. It tolls one not only the impression of the Hudson's Jiay Compaii\. but also that of the Admiralty in ]N17, or why have ap])liod iu the t'ompany at all, if their territories had not been in his (Kranklin's) route, i.e., to the south-west, and not to the north of JJarrou-K Strait / Sir (Soorge Sim])son reports, Hudson's Bay Hoiiso, 12'Jnd JNIarcli, 1S17:J — "After a very attt'utive examination of tlu' uhok' subject, I cannot suggest any amondmi'nt of Sir John liichardson's plan." Sir James C. Koss'j reply is dated 2nd 31arch, IS 17 :§--'*! tlo not think there is the smallest reason of ap])rehension or anxiety for the Bafety or success of the (>\peditioii. ^'o one would have expected they would have been able to get through to JJehring's Strait without spending at least two winters. Except under unusually favourable eireunistanees, — Avhich all accounts from tho whali'rs concur in prov- ing they liave not experienced, — neither Sir John Franklin nor Capt. Crozier expected to do so. Their last Utters to me inform me they had provisions for three years on full allowance, which they could t'xteiul to four without inconvenience, so that wi' may f«'i'l assin-ed they cannot want from that cause until after the middle of Jub, IS 11). It therefore does not a])|)oar to me desirable to send after them until the spring of next year. AV^ith reference to depots ul' * rnrliamcntnry Pnpcr?, No. 201, "Arctic Fspeflitioii, 181S," p. 53. t IhvL, p. m. X ibid., p. 37. § Ibid., p. 27. - i\ Hill JOHN IHANKI.IN. 6? ce of Sir Jiiliii tliiiik it will lie V*' liiid an (i|)|i(ii'- Jlo OIU'ldSCB till' and Council oi ho nttontion, iidt .luliii KranUlin i> witli a vii'w lit ut' tlu' Aiiicric'iiii avis' Strait into it rait, and inside t ri'latt's to lilt' s, '• to 1)0 on lilt ite intondod liy to mistaki' it. !S liny Company, applied to tlif hid (KranklinV) 7/f oj' Jiurroa-'s ^i\ 'I'lmX jMaivh, Avholc snbjc'fl, son's ])lan." 5 --".I do nut anxiety lor llif have e.vpeelcd Strait without ally favonrahli' I'onenr in prov- klin nor Capt. nt'orni nie llicy ieh they eonlil y feel assin'i'tl itldle of ,hil\, to send after to depots of p. 53. Ihid., p. 27. provisioiH, I can very eonfidenlly assert that no expectation of (ho kintl was seriously entertained by him. Capt. Cro/.ier was Htayin*!^ ■with me at Ulaeklifath nearly all the time the expi'dition wart titlinLj out, and w ith Sir .lolni i'ranklin I was in almost daily and nnresei'ved tommnnicalioi! respectiiii^ Ihe details of the et|uipmei»t and fiilnro T)ri..'eedini,'s of the expfdition, anti neither of them inado the least nllusiiin III aiiv siifli arraiiLjemfnts or expectations heyond mentioii- iui,'. as an dfisiirdi/i/, what Sir tlohn Uoss had j)r()ji(j.srif to Sir flohn J'rankliii.'' lie adils: " If no arconnt should arrivi' hefort- the end of this year, it would he proper to si-nd to their assistauce ; two such nliips as the JCrchiis and '/'error slinuld he sfut. They sluudd sail early in May, IMS, ami t'oUow the route that Sir .lohii Franklin was dinrlnl to piir-iitc, or lliat inujht oppvur to thi' roDuiKiiidrr more likclif fur liiiii to titki\ after passini; heyond the limits of our knowleilLjn of those religions." lie concludes: — "The present year the llml.'^on's Hav Company shouhl hi; ri'ipiired to send out instri"clions for a supply of provisions to be in readiness at the more northern stations, ami direct such other arrangements as likely to facilitate Sir John Franklin and his people's homeward journey, as they would assuredly endeavour lo make their way to the Hudson's Bay Company's settle- UHMits, if their ships should be so injured as to prevent their pm- ceeiliui,'. or so entangled in the ice as to ])reeluil(> every hope of esfapi' in any ])art of the I'olar Seas westward of 31elville Jslaiul, a^ the shortest and safest route Ihey could pin-sue." Colonel Sabine's reply is dated March '>, ISIT: — 1st, "J. never h(>ard Sir .lolm Franklin express either Avishes or ex|)ectations that de))osits of provisions should be made at jiarticular points for his relief." *Jnd, In a letter received from Sir .lohn l''raid\lin from the Whale- fish Islands, dated July J), Is lo, after noticiuL,' "what they had re- ceived from the transport," the JCrrfjiis and Terror hail on hoard provisions, &.{\. Sic, for three years complete fn)n» that dale (i.e.. to July, ISl'S), he adds as follows : — " I hope my dear wife aiul daugh- ters will not he over anxious if xve should not return bv the timt^ they have tixed u|)on; . . . you ki\ow well, that cviMi with Iho second winter, without success in our object, we shoidd wish to try some other chainiel. if the state of our provisions ami the healtli of the crews justify it." '• If, therefore." continues Colonel Sabine, "the crews have pre- Bcrved their health as other crews have done under similar circum- slances, and if no accident has befallen, we should consider the expo- m k ]l I! !■ 1^ ! n 1 t I! M NIK .IllllN I II WKMN, (III inn, .'ii'i'iinliiii^ l<) till' 1,'IhI Kimwii ititriiliiMi ni' iIh niiiiiiiiiinlri'." i^. ",s|ill i'ii!;:ii'i'tl Ml lIu- |iriisi'nit loll III' llic Nmlli \\ cnI l';issii;;r, iiimI tliiil \\<\' sKiiit' mmillis \il III ciifiic llicir vii-ws will iml jir tlirrrlril i.. ji ri'liirii III l'lii:;l;iiiil li\ fiii\ ullirr rmili' lliiiii ii\ lliiit nl' i'rlinnt; - Ntr.'iil. Il is i|iiili> |nis,silili'. . Sii' .liiliii I'miiKliii iii!i\ r\i|ii'ct In Mi'liriiiLj'n Striiit^ Imlli siilis nl' tlin slriil sliniilil III' Wiltflii'il. ;is. sliniilil tl\i'slu|iH Ii.im' sinirriliil ill j^n'll ini; nilo till' npcii si';i i/isrurcn i/ hii \\ rinii/i/l. tlii'V nii;;lit hi' ;is liknls tn niiin' «in\\ 11 nil I 111' A Millie ;is nii t lir Anirru'Mii siilc nl' llic st rjiit . IT nli||M, ,| tn ;ili,iiiilnn llin siii|is " in tin- " siimini'i' nl' Is Is, Imi wci ii MrKillr Isl.iiul ami Uclii'inij's Slnnt. tin- Imals iiiiisI lu' Innkril I'm- mi iL Aiiicnian siiln." nlli. •■ \\ illi i-i's|n'c1 tn l?,illin's l»a_v . I |ii'('siiiiii' it wmilil lir |Mn|u'r In ('iii|iln\ IwnM'ssi'ls, . . lit Iril I'm' ii'c iia\ ii; il inn, . Willi at lr:i>l Iwn yrars' |U'n\ isinns." (>lli. " Il was Sm' .Inliii rraiilviiirs intmlinii, il' I'nilnl at niir |iniiil, tn lr\ 111 MU'i'i'ssinn all tin' |ii'nlial>ln n|ii'nini;.s iiitn a iimrr na\ii;alilr part nl'tlin I'nlar Si';i. . 'i'lii' raiii,'!' nl' rnasi is fnii.^iili'i-ali|c in \\liii'li incmnrials . . wniiM lia\i- In lir sni. 'it I'm-, rxlrniliii',; t'rniii .Mrhillr Island in llirwrsi tnllir m'ral snnnd at tlir lirad nl' Hallin's Ha_\ in llir rasl. As llir sra in the n|i|iri' parts nl' Uallin's l?a_\ and in Uarrnw's Si rail is in i^rnrral rniiiparat i\i'l\ Irri' t'rniii irr diiriiii.; tlir smiinu'r innnllis, il !rriall_v sr;irrlird t'nr iinl irrs, and niu' nl' t lir yi(i/'/.v in llir \ iriintv iiii^iit Im inadr niir nl' I lir . statiniis tnr a drpnt ship, hriiii^ rriilr.'d . . . tn Uarrnw's Strait, Wrlliiii^lnn Channrl. and Mrhillr Island." In (pii>tiiiL: thrsr rrplirs n\ir lirst drsirr is tn shnw thai thr oriL,'iii;il jilan nt'tlir mumixo, wliii'h was in srttir thr niiirli vrxrd tpirslinii nl' ;i passsaiio t'nnn tin* .\tlaiitii' to thr i'lU-iHc, was driinitr and iindrrslnril by thr niajority. with oiio oxt'rplion. Sir Kdwani I'arrv InnKs tn tin Nllt .IMIIN MMNKMN AU I riiimnniKlrr." !« i'mI l'iissii;;<', mill nt III' tliiri'li'il III li;il III' lli'liriii cnlll iliclil , Jlinl snnii |u |{|lllill"'s SI I'.'lil ; ■ • illllll.ll I'nllnWM IS llirl'riv Mil nliil.ii'N Inllili*. fcilinlv llin !•< rli'.'ll' rMnii:;li I'lir tlir ili|\ni';ilrs nl" tin' \\ rl I ill;' I nil I'li.'iMiii'l niiili' ; lull ilnl l'r;mMiii I'.nl nl" Hiirci'sn in i^ftliiij; Wini iiinl •011111? Snillli Wr linu kimW lll' rnlllil linl ^cl, llllt it \\!M lint KlinVMI tlu'ii ; slill III- iiiii,'lit liiivr (ililaiiiril Ifir^^i' wrnt iiij,'. Sir.lnlih Wnliiiiil- Biiii. in iii'ii|insuii^ II plan I'nr Hi'iirrli, liKr Sir J'iihMinl I'firrv, Innk.-i mily In ill*' \iiirnraii rnniinriil. Iml l.aiirasirr Strait, anil W rllmu'lnii Sniiml III' wniiM IraM' In llir w lialrr.s, I lirsr liciii;,; mil)' siiliMiiliary tn till' |iriiiiar_v nliji'rt. Sir .laiiirM Uhsm rlrarly hIiiivnm iih, llial. lir jnnKs In till' \ iiii'ricaii I'niit iiiiiit . |i_v iM Ti miiiiriiili II',' "llii' rniili' Sir .InIm I'raiiMiii was ilirnlnl In |iiii',-iir, ami li\ n Irriin:^ tntlii' llml- Hiin s ISa\ ('niii{iaiiv Inr |irn\i>inns " In t'anlitair Sir .Inlni rraiiLliii mill his lii'n|ili''s linliiruani inill'lii'V " I lilnllL^ll lliril' I rrril nlii'S, sllnil III aiiv ralainilv liasr lii't'allrii linir slii|i.-i in aii\ |iari nl' tlic I'niar Sra, Mcstwaril nl' till' cxtrcMir |ininl. nl' .Mrl\illt' l.slaiiil." lie tliiis >linsss thai he llinii^ht il |irnlialilr l''raiikliii liail mailc lari^r \V('>t iiit,' rather nrciiiatiirt'. Our thin;; i.s [ilrasiiiL;, I lui't' is im rrtrmirc In tin nnrlli ri'aii;^i'. I.rt lis ri'|ii'al : linlh i'\- trriiiit ics lift 111' [lassaj^f Urliriii;.;'^ St rail ami Ifallin's Ua\ r>rliriiiij;'s IStrait ilscll", ami Imlli Hides ul thai strait, as p'raiiklin inav liase mih-- Ceeili'il in ;,m'IIiii'_; iiiln the sea nl" W'raii^ell; tJie American enasl, between Mehille Islaml ami IJelirin^'s Strait, all tin- jimliiilile o|ieiiiiii,'s intn the I'niar Sea, ami the ranije nl" ena:-.!. "exlemliiii^ t'rnin Alehille Islaml in the west, In the ^M'eat Sniiiiil at the head nl' UaHin's J}av ill the east," and the east and west sides nf W'l lliiii;lnii ( 'haiinel. This is rather a wide raiiL,'e, and vet, it is In he dniie in "niie seasnn." ^n\v we have i^reat res|»eet Inr t hi.s taleiiled nllieer, Iml we eaiiimt help lliiiikiiiL; he has "o'erleaped liiiiiseH"."' The exaiiiinatinii of all tlu'se passa;;eH, chaniielH, sniimls, and enasls "in niie sea>nn,"' is iin- praclieahle ; and would lie so even thnuL;li the wlmle ISritish iiavy Avere eiiipln\ed in this serviee ; and vet In reenrd ill Amidst all this wide raii;;e, the lil'tli seelimi nf I'-raiiklin's I list ruel inns, directing; hiui to a yivi'ii pniiit and in a i;i\en direct inn, is allnL,'etlier unnoticed. * Till' iniiij-liitor ui \Viaii;.'cll':^ " Poiar ^i a," Ih2(i-;i. ill i^l i n ■1 '1 '^ ^/il ( ■ ' '* 1 ,)' flO SIK JOHN IIIANKI.IN. I'iMiiKliii'rt iiilfiilioiis arc iiiciilioiicd, mnl yv\ liin liiHtr\ictioiis an' loi^'oKcii. Iliiw is tliirt to Itc accoiiiili'd tnr ? Why h-avr tliat wliich ur kiidw til 1^(1 ill i|iicst iii' tliat wliicli we Kinnv imt tA'Y Vnr our. selves. \M' tliiiiU tlic lit'ld for hopeful Hcarch is \vi(h' ciioii^'li without I'Vtoiitliiii,' it hcvoiiil llio hounds of prohahilil y. As to scarchiiiL,' tln' "i,'rcat Sound at tlio licad of Halliii's May," we slioiiid as soon ha\i' thought of cxainiiiiiii; till' sliorcs of Sj)it/.h('r<;t'ii ; hut the tciidciififs here shown an' ail witli the iiiyatvrioiis north. Major-dcncral Sahiiic was witli I'arrv on his unprcci'dcntcd and Hiicccssfiil voviim' in |S11)-'J(1; llic I'arrv Islands arc part of liiiiisclf ; and th(> Wflliiii^toii ('lianiiil, that "fair slrai>,dit," he looks on with an old fondness; tlioiiLjhts oii a I'olar Sea are his solaee, especially if he ciin <;et at it and extract, for useful purposes, its hiihh'ii iiicteoroloj^^y and its mystic nia<;iictistn; he would lea\e no element of our earth sacred, secret, or idle; so far we rejoice in and with him, but let us not distract that which is clear. by multiply inii; iiiiaL,'innry prohaliilitics. so that at last, forijettin;,' the only liij;ht we have to ;j;uide us, wc wander lost in the hew ilderiii,' mazes of uncertainty. Jii tlu> case l)elore us, "To Cape Walker ainl the south-west!" should hiivo lioeii onr watchword; there lies our only true jiatli to l''ranklin. Hct'ore leaNiiiL:; the " Kvfi'drfs''' we would remark; their Ijordships at llu' .\diiiiralty cannot have scltTted them for the facts they contain, or the cleanicss of the views they ox])ross; they sj-em rather to have licen chosen and used as an instrument fur the attaiuinent of othci' ohjects than for any merit they ])osHess : their letter to Sir l"ldwaril I'arry clearly shows this; tor ■while they desire information as tn Aviiat were Sir John l''rankliu"s expectations rcf^anlinjj; de|)ots, thcv state their convictions as to llu; present safely of tlii" expctlition, and they call for o|)iiiions as to the best measures to be taken xvitli the view of atVordiiiij; relief if nt^'cssary. The fact seems to have been xvitii their Lordships as with others, they could not comprehend the (bMl't of Sir .lohn Ko.>is"s letters, exceptini,' his desire to be I'lnploycd. They wished to escape the invidious alternative of rcjectini^ them alto^'i'th(M\ which they ouu;lit to have done; tlu>y theretore refer them to Sir Edward I'arrv and his distim^uislied Arctic contem|)oraries, to tind a , ineaninj^ in them if they could — in short, mildly to shi'lve them. Still we think, if extracts were i^iven at all, those ^'iveii should liavc comprehejuled the entire views (if possible) of Sir John Koss.* * Sco " Tloar-A imirnl Sir John Frauklin: a Narrativo," by Sir John iiose.— "Miigiiacst vfritii!', ct prceviilcbit." srn JOHN niANKi.Tv. 01 IiiHtructioiiH arc leave (liat wliirli >1 ot"? l''or niii'. • eiioiiLjIi witliiMii to scan'liiiit,' the •iiltl i\H Hoon liavi' it tlie teiiilem'irs r-( ieiieral Saliiiic na^eiii |Sli).'JO; liiiL,'tiiii Cliaiiiirl, '•J ; tlu)iiL,'lils oil a t it and extract, rstic iiiai;netisiii ; . or idle ; so t'lir at wliifh is elear, *i, torjj;ettin have little donht was entertained ipiite as rnneh at I he jVdiiiirall v, and hv those to whom the extracts were referred, as liy ourselves, hut from professional delieaey not expressed. I'lxirai't 1— Hints at a prohahle position for {''ranklin's ships, hnt it is not 1,'iven. Then ntmes an alle;,'ed promise made to i'ranklni, "that if no aeemnits were received from him up to the middle of Jttnuar\. 1^17, he (Sir, John Koss) wDuld volunteer to aseer- tniri his fate, and to visit the several dep«")ls we had fixed liefore his departui-e." To t,'o in what direction? to depots where fixeil? If this /irdiiiitir inis made, if t/rjinf>{ were _//.('((/ u|)on, how is it no one Vhiw anythiuL,' ahoul it? 'I'lie Admiralty oUi,dil to have heen niadi' aware of it : we rei^rt't, hut wo must reject this tale. Sir .lohn lioss then i,!.-es an "opinion . , foinided on " his "experience in the Arctic re!,'ions," and his " knowled;,'e of the intentions of Sir John Franklin," lie tells us lli'st a fai't Wii knew; that the exjiedition "cannot have passed I5ehring's Strait, . . or we should have heard of it ; " and, secondly, without assitifnini: any reason, adds, "the ])rol>ability is that his shi|)s have heen carried hy drift ice into ajjosition from which they cannot be extricated." What |)rofound nonsense ! Ivxtract 2 — AH.serts that Franklin's "known intentions" were "to put his ships into the drift ice at the western end of .Melvilh; Island." This, if not positively false, leads to ain)ther conclusion; that I'ranklin never intended to follow his Instructions, for they (Sei'- tion (i) e.\i)ressly caution him against that quarter. This is (Mpially iiiiprohahlo. JJut accordini,' to Sir John Jtoss, thi-re ht> is, " and it" not totally lost, must havo been carried by the ico that is known to drift to the southward, , . on land seen at a <;reat distance in that direction ; the ships, consequently, . . must be ubaiuloned." How rational is this cheering conclusion! The ships arc assumed to be in a position where they are cautioned not to go; they are carried down upon a land no one bad evt'r seen since the time of J'arry, IS11).2(), "by the wind, for there was no current."* Such are the strange visions Sir John Jioss sees, and which be would have the Admiralty to believe are realities! Jle then talks of securing his vessel " in a harbour on the south (-west?)t side of I3arro\v's Strait, . . and iu Buch a position as would enable them (Franklin and his people) to 'If i 1 ir John Eose.— * Siv tiis Letter, "Journal, Roynl Oeographieal Society," vol. vi,, part !., p. 4t>. t !^ee " Sir John Fniuklin ; i\ Niirnitive," by Sir John Ross, p. 17. I -4 1 r ) ! I i i; i; f.2 silt .IDIIN rKAN'KMN. roacli licr" wlu'ii tho sea "was (.|)(mi " for - bonis which " lio "woiil.l leave at the depot ifi WintiT II arhoiir. . . liMhiMiieaiitiiiio " he " would survey the west eoasi of Moolhia. and in all prohahilitv decide the (jiiestioii of a North- West, I'assaLje:" so then it seems Sir John Uoss pnrpos«'8 f^'oini; to Melville Island. n>tnni to some harhonr on the sonlh side ot" [{arrow's Strait, snrvey the nnknown west coa-it of lioothia,and lind the North-West l'assa;,'e— in how lonj,'a time ? I'Voi - s(> extracts it will he s(as of Sir .John Koss, in advising the fnturo search for tho Franklin l-ixpedition. II ' •I P' ilii ■'- *, 4 " ho "woiilil loantinio " In; )al)ility dooidc I'lns Sir .loliii ic Imrliour on wt'sl coii-^t n!" iliino? Kroi > \-hi\\ ii mist of future searcli (MIAITKU TV. Hi;\\ \I(I)S lOlf DISCOVKItV ol' ItKcnilDS olt lltAfrs (ir rilANKMN's I M'llil Tins - A |)\ll KM. lil'.llCltl'.v's IM.W -l>l(. M »( >li M I CK's - N(iii:s. iii/.ivMi:s mi;m()|{am)1 M or siit .KtiiN haiiuow-- siii .1. c, udss I'l.Av or iti;i.ii:i' i!V i.amasi i;i{ soind— J. c. uuns' I'l.AN IIV l!i;il lflN(i'!S STUAIT— NOTKS, ni'/.IAMllS. \'Ai!ii)rs li'ltcrs fp.ni the Adminilty, dated Oth to llic IJ^tli of ]Marcli. In 17,* to the C'oiiimissioiu'i's of Customs, otl'tTcd rt'vards to (III' masters and (•!• "AS of w liah'i's visit in^ LaiieastiT Sound, and lho>e '■who may snccerd in obtaining any iid'ormation or rei onl of the |iroL:;n'ss of the A'/v/'Z/.v and Trrror through Lancaster Sound, .and (o the wrst wai'd."' One of these letters, dati'd Admiralty, March 10, Is 17, is U(U'thy (jiiotation, as it emhodic.* the \ie\vs c(tutaincd in Col. Sahlnc's letter (.see |)age ">!() for i'\te>idiug the line of search for ■■ memorials of the ships' progress " t'rom ".Mehille Island in tiie west to the great Sound ;it the head of Uailiirs May in the east :" — '■ .M \ Lords are desirous that this supposition as to Sir .John l''ranlilin"s |u'ohuMe proceedings shouhl be made hnown to the masters of the scver.al whalers."' The notice (»f this supposition at this |)ri'hminary siaL;c of the se.u'ch we observe with regi'i't, as the whole is founded oil I'raiikliii's |)ii\ately communicated general impressions and eon- M'lsatioiis. Again, it assumes him to liave been "'foiled" in the west, 'riiere is. therefore, a premature importaiu-e attached to these " inten- tions," uliich, in eilect, clouds and draws attention from the ph'iii tenor of his Instructions. \V'e fear in the end it may wy now (Aj)ril US, lS17)t sub- mitted a jilan of relief, the leading features of which may be thus given: " There does ]U)t at present appear to be any reasonable apprehension for th" safety of the expedition. .At the saiiu' time it would be prudent to despatch !i vessel to Harrow's Strait this season. . . . If one vessel (a winder) caiiiu)t be eiigag»ii lo execute this, . . . there see ins to be notliing left but to eipiip an expedition, and start it oil" as soon as it can be got reaily. . . This expt'dilio.i sliould malu! its way to Barrow's Strait, luul clesely navigating the * Sic I'liriiamciitiiry I'npcr.M, No. ^fii, «' Arctic KiptMhtion," pp. .'> !■•'». t AW, p. ;<(». '.Hi' \ II'' f. i i ^' .ii 'i a i) G4 IM.ANS Ol sr.AlU U FOIl SIR JOHN I KANKLI.V. HoutliLTii sliorc*. <,';iiii C'ii]»f Walker as sjx'rdily as possible, as F think f/ii.t is ii jihirc irhcrc iii/hfiinilioii. »J' wholly unetpial. . . The season of IS IS would be passed in watchini:; the strait on both sides. . Tht> season of IS IJ) will be one of painfid anxiety, but it will be impiM-ative for the vessels lo come away at such a period . as will render theii return tn Kni^land certain." Capt. lieetdicy then refers to the west side of tlio American continent. " TIum'c does not a|)pear to be ;niy necessity whatever for sendini; a vessel to lii'hrinjj;'8 Mrait until iStS; for. in the event of Sir.lohn Franklin reachini:; the Pacific bcfon; that perind it will assuredly not be in his boats, but with his ships in an ellicicni condition. But in Is is, . . Icy Cape" should be visited, and ''Point Harrow," itc, "to as distant a point beyond" as "practi- cable." We omit further ih'tails on the west «ide, ob.servinu; oiiK ' \)r. I{iic'' iA|i(tliliiin ti) cxjildiv' ihf liditmu "I' i'riiicr Ixcixi'nt"" Iiili-t, l8f-6-" UJf, iblp, as T fJiink 'c in likch/ in hr () oxjimiiic tlic Iso tlutso to tilt; till! (>xpi'ilitii)ii I' season I'lidcd, I ill i\w vicinity it" ISIS a parly \ Vuvy Strait, ' tlic Hudson's iMiiiiT tilt' |)I;iii RivtT to raiii,'!' 'iitiont'd party; )f' ilu' Aniorican itioii as to tlic irt. of tiif pl:;ii 1 with Sir .lolni I'urd and south- •r passini; tliat I upon \'ii'tori;i alxiut, and lliiit Ivanc'cd station, if suct'i'ss, or 111' tioii . . Sii' at-', 111! would s |{oss' Strait. (' roiitiiiriit 111 rt of II is I'lTu Mild be passed I of IS I!) will the vessels lo leii return to est side of tin' any iieeessity is IS; for. ill ore that |)eriud in an ellieieiit le visited, aiui as "pracii- Iiserviiii,' mil} '«. liiK't, l8t6-7 ADMTItAr, nEEClIEV. G5 it is in the i^eiioral dirootion of j^ranklin's Instructions, and that pvei'v observation, ennsideriiif; the time in which this plan was written and submitted (lsl7). is marked by the usual soundness of that talented iuid judicious ollicer ; but we iiiiist confess we do not see clearlv his dbject in visiting j-'iirv and llecia Strait, or the motive for a boat partv down Mack's Hiver; Sir J(din j-'rankliii was directed to the siiutli-.vest from Cajx' Walker, and we had no information to prove he was unable to fiillil his Instructions; we think Cape lJ'iil/,rr at this time the i^'reat object to reach. 'I'liis plan id' the late Admiral l>eecliey's was submitted to Sir John Riidiardson, and he, in a reply dated the r»th of .May, Ist?,* after various (d)servations connected with littinj; out the expedition to Harrow's Strait, says: — '* With respect to a party to be sent down IJack's River to the bottom of liei;eiit's Inlet, . . it could scarcely lie or^'aiii/.ed to start this summer;" and ij;ives, as his reason "the scarcity of provisions in the Hudson's i^ay country," and "moreover, there is no ('ompMiiy's |)ost on the line of |{a(d<"s River nearer than the junc- tion of Slave River with (Jreat Slave Lake; and I do not think, under any circumstances. Sir .lohn i'ranklin would attempt that route. . . . In the summer of Isii), it' t lie resources of my party . . . remain iin- inijiaired, . . . much of what Captain IJcochey suy;<;esls in re;.^ai'd to oxploriiiii; \'i(doria Land may be done by it, and indeed forms part of the orii^niKil scheme. . . . Were Sir .lohn Franklin thrown upon the north coast of the coiit incut with his boats and all his crew, I do not think he would attcmjit the ascent of any river but the ]\lacken/.ie." lie conidudes: "A vessid meetinif the Erchvn and Tt'iToi- ill 15ehring's Strait this season mi<^lit render ii;reat service." Tt iswidl to notice these observations of Sir .lohn Richardson's; they are the result »d' sound tlioui,dit, and clearly show tliat he does not locdi for the Franklin l''\;)edition in the direction of Mack's Eiver, but to the Mackenzie, i.<'.. to the soiif/i-ircs/ of Cape ll'(ill,ri'. \)v. Mc('oniii(d<, li.N.,t 'JOth of May, 1S|.7, submitted the outline of a plan of search for Sir .loliii I'Vanklin by the way of the Copper- mine:* "If Sir .lohn Franklin, i^uided by his instructions, has pusscil thrnuL;h Marrow's Strait, and shaped a south-westerly coiir.^e * He." I'nriiam.'ndirv IViivrs, Xo. 2(U, "Arctic Kxpodition," p]). :V1'.\. t 'flii.t active, luei'ilonous ollici'r >erve(l witli Sir ICdwiird I'arry in lii.'' nitompt to i'c;icli tlic North I'oic in IS27; \mi.-< in tlie .Antarctic I'".\|ic(litii)ti, under llie coiiiiiiiiid 111' Sir .);iiiii'^ i;oss, I'roin ISlJl) to ISt:i; eninminnled a liu.nl i-vpcdition «)) \\ 1 lliMi,'tiin I'liaiiinl, I.S.")2, \c. \\i' \\:\> been 'i'l years in the Royal Navy. :i: i'.i.'li,i!iuiit;'.iv fajii-, No. lo7, "Arctic ICxpedition. l.s.",0,"' p. 12r,. I i, i I '. , I -f TT 66 I'liAN'S OV SKMtill roU silt .KIIIN llfWUTIV. I l< ' :!' 1i I i irii from the nuM-idi.iii of Capo Walkor, with tin" iiiti'iilinii of gaiiiiiii,' ihr nortrern coast ol" Amcrici!, ami no passiiiij; tliriiiiL;li Dulpliiii and I ninn Straits, all tiiL,'t lit- sliiinMif thai coiit incut, \o l}clirini,'s Stivits, Ins ifnai risk of detention in tlic ice tln'on^lmul this cunrse \uinld lie I'tauKi bftwocu the |/araiicls of 71'=' ami (1!>° N., and tiie meriihans of I(»(i and 1U)° W." " SlionM the A'/vA/'.v and Trrr<„' iia\e he.n hc-n m the hca\ V ice, or w reekeil anion'^sl it and t!ie Kioken hnid uhicli in all prohahili'y exists there, wliilst eontendiu'j; with the |)re\aleiii westerly winds in this (|narler, the ('o[i[)erniine KiviT wouhl decidedly offer the most direct route and nearest appi'oaeh to that portion lif the Polar Sea Aflei-crossiiii,' Coronation (I nil' and Dease's Strait to" Victoria liaiul, " from this point a careful search should he coin. iiieiiec'd ill (he direction of IJanks' l.and, the intei'\enini^ spin'. betweCi'i it and N'ictoria Land occnpyini; ahonl "> dcLrrees, or lilil. more than :{(»() nnles." The above |)lan we insert with jileasnre, inasinnch as it shows Ih;.; Franklin's Instrnclions were nmlerstood, and the dirertion that evpr dition would take. The north is not mentioned, and with I'eason Kranklia was sent to the south-west, and in thai direction all na- sonahK' hope restiil. The followiii"; is an eWract ol a |)rivate letter, eounuuiMeateil hy .Inli Barrow, Es(|.,*(lali'd Adnnralty, Nth .liin(>, 1SI7. " I'Atraet of privai. letter from Captain Fitzjames, dated .laiinary, is I."):"— '■ It does ni : appear cli'ar to me what led Parry down i'rince Ue^cid's Inlet, aft'! having; <,'((t as far asMidville Island before." '■ 'J'he .\or(li-\\'est I'm- Huge is ccrtaiidy to be i^one thron^h hy Harrow's Strait, but w hetli' south or north of the Parry (Ji-oup remains to be |troved, I am 1^ goin;;; north, cd^inj; north-west, till in lon<4itiide IK)', if possiblr JMr. Harrow appciuls to this extract this memorandam :- " Captii, Kitzjaines was nnich inclined u|)on trvinn' '"'" the ' Passai^'e' to t' northward of the I'arry Islands, and he would no doubt endeavour persuade Sir John l''raiiklin to pnrsim the coiu-se mentioned, //' /li- failed to the south ward. This should be boi-ne in nn'nd in scndiii. any searehiu'; i'xpeditiou next year through Ballin's Hay and l,;i: caster Soiuid." This extract and nieinorandinn are interesting,'; tin show that, however talked about, no attempt, would be mad(! by ll north unless all had failed to the south-west. We shall now f,dve extraets from a nieinorandinn (.Inly, ISI7 • * Parliamentary I'apcr."*, N'o. 201, "Airtii- Kxpodition, 1H18," p. 71. t Ibid., p. 7-'. i\ 1 1. »t.i.. IN. of , it' [loMsililf II - '• I'apla/ *assa;j;r' to tl/ )l fiuU'avour ' iiiiiiicd, if III' liiiil ill HtMidiii. Hay and I -a: tcrcstiiii,' ; tin M' niadr h\ l! (July, 1SI7 ■ "p. 71. s'li .lulls i:\iiUn\V. ('." tVoiii Sir .Inhii IJarrow. Hart.. I'lniiidrr id' llir plan I'nr the snlrttimi id' till' (ii-f.at (^)m'3ti with the Indians and Hsqiil- inaiix : and besides. Sir .lolin iM'anklin must have had such a paiiijiil tYinllrifidii of that coast, as to avoid it in the tirst instance, and if fori td on It, to lose no t ime ill (|iiil t iii^ it. . . . I'lie nort hern coast wf t' 2 I ''*M 'it i *i I 'it if il :: f ! GH I'l.ANS t»r SKAIU'll roil sill JOHN IIIANKI.IN. the Polar Sea is also inhaltitcd, even Siberia; and I am almost ecr- fain, if tliey lia|)|)en to b« there, tbe Russian (loveniment would know it, and he nnxiuus to eonnnunicatc that Unowledjfe to Kiii^dand. . The only ehanee of hi-ini^in;,' tlieni u|)oii this roast is the possibility of some ol)stniction haviiiii; tempted thcni to explore an immense iidet on the iiorlheni shore of Harrow's Slrait (short of Melvillr Island), ealled \Vellin<,'ton Channel, u hich I'arry felt an inclination to explore; and more than one of the p 'esent party betraved to iiic a similai' inelination, which 1 disconra;:v'd, no (»ne venturini,' to con- jeclure even to what «'xtent it mij,'ht ^o, or into what dilliculties it mijfht lead. . . . I'tuhi' all these circumstances, it woidd he an iict nl' folly to pronounce any opinion of thi> state, condition, or posttion ui' those two ships. They are well suited for their piif])ose ; and tlic only doubt I htive is that of their heinjf hampereil hv the scri'ws amon^ the ice." Kir Jtdni IJarrow iti this Mienior-andiim bcems dct^irous to relieve anxiety by brielly lud'olditiL,' the whole plan on which the eNpedilicn was directed to pt-oceed, \i/,.. to the south-west, lie feeommeinU in(|uiry from the east by Harrow's Strait to /'(i/loic ihv expedition, and by the west- l»chrinL,'"s Sti-ait- to iiiccf it. I'or iiitelli<;i'nce ffinii the .Vmei'ican coast he looks to th;' lludson'.s Buy t'ompanv, throuu'li their intei -ourse with the natives, lie refers to Siberia and iln' Wellint. and the shi|)s, haviii<,' taki'ii advatitaL,^' of it, had fallen on Siberin. It si'ems, he discourai^ed any inclination in I'rankliirs ollicers to e\- ])lore it, aa no one coidil say to what exleiit it mi^ht <^o ui) -to whm diilleuhies lead. This memorandum vteurlif points to the sonlh-iriM (1)1(1 not to the north; and it is worthy of particular notice, that thou"li intelliiience of the expeilition is wanting,', still he lixes his conlidemr on that (juarter alone. JS'ow here ib the opinion of the distinirnislii'l projector of the voyage, an opinion suri'ly entitled to r( coniidi'iiii' (' (listiiiifiiislif'l rcspi'ct, and In ligloii (.'baiiiul till' Admiralty, I'lltr to tlio rt'lir! •t'|)t tlioin, aiiii o thec-omiiiaiiil led I bo wcstoni ivS," 1- 71. SIR .TAMES C. nOSS. 60 wator, but iini lai-tlior wost in Lanoastcr Sound tbaii Navy Hoard Lil.'t. Tbf pivcfdini,' wintor is ropnwntod as bavinj^ boon mild. D.vcmbrr 2, is 17.— Sir .lamos Hoss siibmittod to tbo Admiralty tin* "oiillincofaplaiitnrallordiiiijrrlii'ftollio I'ranklin Kxprdition by tlit» way ..r hanca.t ; . . . and ;i tbird party to t be iiortb-west, or in any otlnr ilirectioii deemed advisable !it tbe time. . . . Tbe oasternmost vessel s.'ifrlv secured, tbe otlier ship sboiild |»roceed alone to tbe west- ward, .-ind eiide.Mvour to reach Winter Harbour in Midville Island, or Home coiivciiicut port in |{;iuks' [,and. . . I'rom t his point, also, parties slioiild be dcsp.Mtched early in the s|)rin,i;. . . . Tbe tirst should b(* directed to trace the western coast of Hanks' Land, and proei'cdiiiL; to Cape Hathurst or other cons[)iciious ])oiiit, . . . ])reviously ai^rei'd on with Sir .lolin Kicbardsoii, reach the Hudson's Bay Company's set- tlcmeiils or I'eel i{i\ i>r ill 1 ime t o ret urn u itii their |)eople to their priii- ci|i:il establisbmeiit, and thence to i'aiLrland. . . . The second jiartv should explore the i-astern shore of Hanks' Land, and. niakiii;,' for C.apo Kriisenstcru. coimminicate with Sir .Ldiii Kicliardsoirs |)arty"' about " the ( 'oppcrmine Uiver. ;ii\d eit her .assist bim in ('ompletiiiL; tbe.exam- iiiMl ion ol' Wollastoii . '0111 \'ictoria L;inds. or ret urn to l!iii;land. . . . These two parties would [lass ovei- t h;it space iu which mo>t pro- bahl\ tbe slii|)s had brcoiiie invoUed (if at all), and Wduld iheVcl'oro * Sui rarliiiiiicnlarj 1*iii..t^ No. liUI, " Ardic l';xiKilai()ii, ISIM," ^. Si*. I ■-■ 1 ;.i 1. i I J u. i 70 I'l.ANS dl' sr.AltCll roll SIK .InllN lltAVKI.IS, I ; .1 III }l !l- I li;i\(' the lii'st ( Imrii-c nf (•iiiiiinimicat ini^ witli Sir .lnfiii Krimklin." Tliis ai'r;iiiL,'('iiM'iil was siili.sciHicMtlv a;,'n'i'(l to \)\ Sir.lolm Kiclianlsdii. Ill rcadiiiL,' tliis "plan," it will bi' iiotict'd, tlic " western coaf^l ot' linolliia, at a coiisiilfralilL- distaiicc," and even " ('a|u' Nirliolai," arc spccilii d I'ora lirsl parly ; and }'t't tlic st'rvit'cs ot'llic si'cond party arc lliii.s liLjlilly dis[)()st'd of — it "///////// //r sen,' to the .soidh-t'cst,^^ and "a tliird to till- iiurtli-ut'sl (wliy'r) or any other dirfclinii." Wo can easily understand tliat every [)laii should enihrace all the points of probability ; bnt it is past our coiiipreheiisioii why the primary |)oint.s of Sir .lobii i-'ianlvlin's liistriielions are thus li^ditly passed over, while to the secondary are i,'i\en a speciality altoi^etlier above their value, It is true our ideas are snb.secpiently caUed back to the lirst and proper points for Hearch, — the eastern shore of Uaiii^s' Land, i)art of that spar should have been f,Miiied "as s[)ei'dily as possible.''* One sliij) /.v lo ])roceed to Winti'r liarboui', .Melville Island, or ;i poi't in Hanks' Land (upon w liicli the sonlheriy drift set:^ Ihe ice (?)t and I'roin thence a parly is •' to tra(;e the western coast nf l)anks' liand." Why'r We can nndei'stand a search to tlu; A-y«//'- went, bi'tweeii Victoria and Wollaston Lands, and the latter aiul Banks' Land; but here we are at a loss. How did lu' get there?— by the north r certainly not by llii' south-west. At any rate, Krankliii is thus assumed to have t/a/md /itn/c ircslijii/. To oiu' rude notions it had been bettei", while', all llu- headlands were examiiu'd iu llic progress west, to have directed special attention to Cape Walker ami I he south-west, and thus have bi-i'ii assured as we utiit aloiii^. Hut ill this plan extremes ui;e proposed. The l''ranklin Kx])editiou has either made .no Wl■.-tinL,^ m- larire westiiiij;. Why not have fullowcil the directions laid down foi- his guidance ? * Si'i' the l;ili' \ilinii-:il I'x'i'i'lu'y's |il;iu, uiilc. 4" Si. ila- Km Sii' John l\>j.-.-'> litter, ■mli , I'Vltni.irx %), I'^'iff. 11 ,. I »'miu,. in I'raiikliii." 11 Uicliiinlsdii. .sirrii cuiisl nf Nirliolai," lire (111(1 party arc rr.v/," and ":i (11. " Wo can llic points (if jrininry poiiit.s scd over, wliilc vc their value, tiic lirst and Land, part ol' d pointed out aceoiii[)lisliini,' e that j;rea1cr cli " bi'st pros- lidu/cs' Land: [ passed south id some notice larrow's Strait, and Waliverj; lie expedition, arch to Cape IS S[)eedily as )our, Mehilic eriy drill sets stern eoast nl' to tiu" auiill:- V latter ainl ^'ft tiiere'r - rale, I-'raiikliii • rude notions mined in llic )e Walker and t aloii;,'. I5iit \])edition lias lia\e lullowed tl sm JAMES c. noas — w. a. ii. iiamit.tov, u.n. 71 Sir .rallies ('. Koss .-ilxnit tliis time siihmittt'd (without date) the "I'utline of;! plan" for aH'ordim,' relief "by the way of Hehrin,t,''8 Sti'.iit. ■* Alter varimis preliminary remarks re^ardini,' ('(piipment, Ac. he sa\s, •■tlie\essel should sail in January, ISls." The ships «li,,uld arrive in Melirin<,''s Strait ahout the 1st of .Inly, ISIS, and proceed aloii;,' the Ameriean eoast as far as possible; "two boats ■' should " |)ro('eed aloiij,' the eoast in search of the voyagers, niid to coniiminicate, if possible, with the party under Sir John J{ii JKirdsoii ;" and, "with the assistance of the natives," extensive excursions iiui^ht he made early in the spriiii; by small })arties from the J'/ijrn\ in every desit-able direction; "and," as soon as the water " t'oiiiii d . . boat expeditions towards the Mackenzie Kiver a'i.iin til (■oiiimiinicate . . with Sir John Kichardson's l)arty. . I'arlies (it' I'lsipiimau.v mit,'ht be induced to travel throngh(nit the winter, and thus keej) up a communication alonj^ the American coast line.' It will be seen, in this extensive line of operations, the ab- soiliiie,' tlioiii,dit is, that the l''ranklin Kxjtedit ion would emer<;(! to the Sent li-w est of Cape Walker. Tli(> myth of the nortii, the Wellinioii('d till' ( ioMTiuiHiit , as we liavf >aiii, lia\iiii,' iiiatiind tlifir plans, now set to wurk in yood lariusl to adopt tlu" most nmiplfti' and ctl'i't'tiial means lor tlifir nlitl". 'I'lic I'loccr, ('oiiiiii.ainlcr .Moore, was ordcnd to l>elii'iiii,''s Strait, "^ there to In- joiiieil livllie llrnilil, (apt, lleiii'v Kellett, C.U.t 'I'lic I list metiolis may lie liriell\ Ljiveii tliiis; ■■ 'I'liey " are to proeeed aloiii,' tile A meiieaii coast as j'nr as possiMe, without " lieiiii,' beset." Ila\iiii,' t'mind a liarhoiir lor the J'fdi'i'r. "two hojits are to proceed aloiij; the ctiast in search ot" the voy aiders ( I'Vaiikliirs l']\])edit ion), and to eoiiiiniinicate, it" po^silde, with the party which it is intended shall destciid the Mackeii/ie ]\i\cr, iindi r the command of Sir John llichard^«)n," anil ''so soon as s\ mptoiiis uf . . Aviiiter appear to return to the /-"/(^ivy. The Jlirnlil will then return to the .southward for provisions, i^c.. mid return northward aluiul ilnly. |sli»; re-eipiippiiii; the I'lurcr for passim,' a second winter on that part of the coast, . . and t'or re- pcatiiiL,' the same operiitioiis for llu' search after and for the relief of Sir John Franklin." Thesi' instructions seem to have heiMi framed to meet every coii- tinL,'eiicy slunild l^'raiiklin have succeeded in ^ettiiii,' to the .\merican coast wi'st of the .Mackenzie liiver. The Ploi'tr sailed from Sheerness, January 1st, Is IS. The followin;^' i-.xtract of a letter, ilateil from l*eel Kiver, Docomlier 17tli, IM7, from Mr. Peers, oxciti'd a L,'ood ih-al of attention at the tiiue:;^ — " I base reason to bilicve that .siiiiu! white men were off the Coa.st last sninmer; as a [larty of lndiant<, who niiue here thia fall, * Sic i'arliaiiifiiliUT raiuTs, No. '_'(il, " .Vrclic Kviu'dilicm, iStS," iip. 7— IC. + InMriiiiiou.f ot ;i Miiiilar tenor wi-iv sent lu CM|)taiii liiiiry Kfllctt, i'.iJ., of J I.. M.S. Il,n,/.l. ; St..' ".Naiiluai Al.i:i.u.inL" ft.* 1*18. ' 'I n i 1 u ■ t f ■ Rigi IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % ijc ^. // <^ :/. y. ^ % ^ ^ I o o 1.0 I.I i.25 I: 1^ 2.2 12.0 1.4 1.6 V] m yw m O 7 W>^? ^^w Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREE"^ WEBSTER, N.Y. 14560 (716) 872-4503 ,\ ,v "^ V ^ '."i^ ^ :\ \ 4 ^ ^\ ft? /% c^.< & I i I'l.ANs or sr.Aiicii tor siu joiin fraxkmv. I ! stiilctl that tliL'V were some days in cninpaiiy witli the Esquimaux cast of the .Mackciizio JiivtT, in llic summer. Tiie latter ehcjwed tlie turmoi' kuives (like our sealpers , and tiles, that they said were given to llicpi i^M-atis hy some wiiite men whom they siiw in two ' la-ge hoats,' and wh(( spoke to them in a language they did not understand." Sir John Richardson, in snhmitting his final detailed plan of pro- cei'dings, Jiondon, J'Y'ljruary ISth, IMS,* says: — " Stvlion (5. If we reach the sea iu the lirst week of August, 1 hope to he ahlo to make the compK'le voyage to the Co])perinine liiver, and also to coast a e(-iisi(U'rahle |)art of the; westei'n and soutiiern shores of AV^oUastou Land." And in Section 11: — "A second summer (IS ti)) I propose . . t(» examine tin," ])assages hetween AVolhiston and l?anks' and Victoria Jiands, so as to (,'ross the routes of some of Sir .1. C Ross's detached parties." We have heen i)articular to lujtice these arrangements, as thev go to show that ])arties were to be despatched from Harrow's Sli'ait from the north-east in search of Franklin to the south-west; rightly, in short, searching for the Franklin F\|)edition in the direc- tion in wiiicl) it was sent: folly had not then taken a liual stand on th(> vision of a Wellington C'luinnel route. AVe shall now give extracts fronj a letter of Ur. King'sf to the Admir:d'o, 2()1, "Arftic Expcditiou, ISIS," p. :}9. t 1'liis jicntlcnmn was with .Sir (icorgo Back down tlie Givat Fish Rivor in ISXi- l-ij ; Sir Ocoi'f:i' tlius >]u'Mks oriiim : -" I (.'aiiiiot c'los(> tills jirehiiiiuary state- iiiciil withiiiit (•(iiivc\ ill;; tlie jiuhHc cNiirtssimi of niy tlmuk.-i to ilr. Kichard Xiii5.) X See I'arliauientary Papers, Ko. 2fil, "Arctic Kxpedition, 1818," p. 11. g See liurrow's " Arctic Voyugos from 1818," p. 11. 4 UK. IClVll. /'J 'I unnaiix vcd thtj Tivon to huuts,' d." of pro- I. If we to make const a oUastou lOSC . Victoria Ictaclioil lumts, as liarrow's th-wcsl ; he (lirec- stand on if to the 10 Arctii; or So\ind hori\ and cd to be )ceu (!es- ind and cars un- lie I'olar |:?9. River in iiuiry •■^tiito- |h:ird Kiiiil titli which irtic Land [illl,''s Si'l'- il' ficrvifo I'V t'liibody • Xarva- iUn Expt- ill- Sea is only to be performed by watching tlie occasional opening be- tween tlio ice anil the shore, and therefore a continuity of land is essen- tia! for this ])urpose ; such a continuity of land was here about to fail us.'* Assuming, therei'ore, Sir .lohii Franklin has been arrested be- tw-eeii Melville Island and Hanks' Land, where Sir ICdward Parry was arrested by dilliculties which he considered insurmountable, and he has tbllowed tlie advice of that gallant ollicer, and made for the con- tii'uitv of America ; he will have turned the prow of his vessels south .iiul west, according as Banks' Laud trends for N'ietoria or Wollaston Liuids. It is here, therefore, that we may expect to find the expedi- tion wrecked, when they will make in their boats for the western land of North Somerset, if that land should not be too far distant. . . . In order to sav(> the party from the o''deal of a fourth winter, when starvation must be their lot, [ ])ropose to undertake the Ijoldi'st journey that lias ever been a1temi)ted in the uiirllu'ni regions (if America, one which would be justiliahle only from the circumstances. I propose to attempt to reach the westi'rn hind of .North Somerset, or the eastern portion of Victoria Jiaiid, as may be deemed advisable, liy the close of the api)roat. ing summer; to accoin|)lish, in fart, ill one summer that which has not been doiii' uiuh'r two. i rest my hope of success in the performance of this Jlereulean task ii|ioii the fact that I possess an intimate knowdedge of the country and the people; . . the health to stand the rigour of the climate, and the stri'iigth to uiidergo th.e fatigm^ of miiul and ])oily to which 1 must he subjected. Jt is because i have these n^piisites, which J consci- tiitiously believe are not to be found in another, that 1 hope to elfeit my purpose. A glance at the map of North America . . will make it apparent that to ri'iider assistance to a party situat<'d on that coast, thert' are two ways by sea and one by land. Of the two s(>a- ways, the route by the Pacilie is altogether out of the question ; it is an idea of bygone days; while that by the Atlantic is so doubtful of siioc( ss that it is merely necessary to put this assi.-^tance asiih' as far from certain, to mention that Sir John Jvoss found Harrow's Strait closed in the summer of Ls;}U. To a land j(jurney, then, alone, we can look for success. . . To the western land (if Xorlh Sdinerset, where Sir John Fi'anklin is likely to be lound. the (Ireat i'ish Kiver is the direct and only route; and, althmi^h the a])pro»ich to it is llu'ough a country too poor and too diilicult of access to admit of the transport of provision, it may be made the medium of cominuuicatiou * 5>LV i-arry, " N'nyayc (ov the DiM-ovory ofa "N (jrHiWc.it Passage, 1819-20," p.2 12. w 70 pi.AXs UK sK.vucii rou sru joiix ruiXKLix. It bi'twcon the lost o\']iedit ion and tlic civilized world, and f^uidcH be tliiis placed at ili(,'ir disposal to convey them to the huiitini;-<;rounds (A' tlic Indians. . . The fact tliat all lands which have a vrslrni aspecL are ifeiierally ice free, which \ dwelt largely npon when .Sir .Juiiii l'"ranlvlin sailed, must have had weight with that gallant olUccr; ho will, therefore, on lliidinii; himself in n serious difllculty, whiles pushing along the eastern side of V'ictoria Land, at onct' i'all upon the westeru land of North Somerset as a refuiro j^round if he have the oppoi't unity. The etl'ort by Jiehring's Strait ami lianks' Land is pi'aisewcrlhy in attempt but forlorn in hope. In the I'nrmer eil'ort it i.s assumed that Sir John Franklin has m;ule the passage, and that bis arrest is between the ^Lickenzie Kiver ami ley (ape; in the latter, that Sir James ]{os3 will reach Baidcs' liand, ami trace its continuity to Victoria ami WoUaston Land, and thus make the pas- si ire (^r) . . l-'irst, we have no reason to believe that Sir John I'Vanklin, or Sir James Jioss, will b(> more fortunate than their ])re- decess(jrs. Second, we are unable to assume^ that Sir James Ross Avill reach iianks' Land: Sir Edward Parry was nnable to reach it, and oidy viewed it from a distance ; nnich less are we able to assunu- that the gallant ollicer will find a high rcjad to Victoria Land, which is altogether a terra iiiror/iiita.'* " The main point, then, for consideration, is the ellort of Sir .lames ]l()ss along the western land of JS'orth Somerset, from his station in IJarrow's Strait,* for it is that alone can suj)ersedc the plan which I liave proposed. It is not in Sir John Eicbai'dson's power . . to search the western laud of jN'orth Somerset. 3lr. Thomas Simpson . . has set that (piestion at rest. . . A further exjiloration, remarks INlr. Thomas Simpson, 'from the most eastern limit of his journey, would necessarily demand the wlK)le time and energies of another expedition, having some ])oint of retreat much nearer to the scene of operations than Great IJear Lake;' "t and Oreat J3ear Jiake is to b»i the retreat of Sir John Kicbardstm. The Doctor then asks, " AVliat ret'-eat could Mr. Simpson have nu-ant but (ireat Slave Lake, the retreat of the land i)arty in search of Sir .[ohn Ivoss ? and what other road to the unexplored ground, the western land of Noi-th Somerset, could that traveller have meant than Great Fish liiver; that stream whicb I have pointed out as the ice-free and high road to the laud wbere the lost expedition is likely to be found ? " The Doctor continues, " if iNlr. Simpson, in the youth of his life, , . could nut * ;!)«• rai'liamentary Papers, No. 2Gt, "Arctic I''xpc(lition," p. 29. t See Simpson's " L>iscov tries on the North Coast of America," p. 377. ■ } l)U. KTN'O — STU I'DAVAni) PAUUV idcj* be grounds irrs/rrn luMi Sir olliccr ; ,-, wliilo ipoii the lavo the Liiiul is ("ilbrt it iiul thai ; ill the tnuv its the I'as- >ir .loim u'ir i>i'e- lU'S Koss rcacli it, ) assuiiu- id, ^vililtl lir .lames at ion in whirh I . to ini[)S(iii oration, of his i'ics of r to th(! u' LaUe ■n asks, Lake, \d what, North Kivi'r ; road to e Doc-tor )uld not |{( llian Caste make a p;reater distance iroin Great isear \.[i\ that Sir.Iohn Jiirh- ardson can oecnpy the fiehl wliich J am ])roposing for myself: tliis is cviih'iitly a (jucslion of importance. . . Docs the attempt of Sir .lames Chirke Ko«s to searcli the v,-esterii L'lnd of Nortli Somerset in his boats from his station in Marrow's Strait rt'iiiUM' that |)roposal imiiec(>ssary ? " Tiie Doctor sums up : — " Jlere the facts will speak for tliemselvcs: — 1st, JJarrow's Strait was icchomul in IS;{12, it may hi; in IMS; Und. Sir .lanu's Clarke Koss is iisiiii; the saiiu" means to ri'lii'Vi' Sir .loliii l''ranklin which has led the gallant olflcer into his dilliciilty; the ivlief [)arty niay, therefore, become themselves a party ill distress; J}rd, Tlu! land that is made on the south sho:'e of Bar- row's Strait will be of doubtful character, the natural conse{|uenco of discovery iu ships ; tlu; searching parties, at the end of the summer, may liiid they have iieeii coasting an island many nules distant from the western land of jN'orth Somerset, or navigating a deep bay" or ''sound. The i)lan which 1 have proposed, is to rea<'h the I'olar Sea across the contiiu'iit of America, and thus to proceed from land known to be continent, when' every footstep is sure." In extracting these ])assagcs, we have, with the desire to do justice to Dr. King, ln'cn sorely puzzled; the assertions, the assumptions, and the inferences, are so bold, so ([uestionable. Their Lordshipsj sci'in to have laboured under the iniluence of a similar feeling, and therefore referred his letter to Sir Edward Tarry and Six* James Koss for their opinions. Sir Jidward Parry replies fromUoynl Hospital, Haslar, February 23, JSlS:* — 'Oly former opinion, tpuited by Dr. King, as to th(> didi- culty of ships penetrating to the westward beyond C"a|)e Dundas, remains unaltered ; . . and 1 should expect that Sir John l'"ranklin, being aware of this dilliculty, woidd use his utmcst eflbrts to get to the southward and westward before he a])proached that point ; that is, between the 100th and 110th degree of longitude. The more I have considered the subject, . . the more dillicult 1 tind it to conjecture where the expedition may have been stopped, . . but as no infor- mation has reached up to this time, I conceive that there is some considerable probability of their being situated somewhere between the longitudes I have just named. How far they have jieiietrated to the southward, . . must be a matter of s|)eculatiou. depending * Sue rai-liaiiuiitarv ruptr!*, No. 2(It, " Antic llxiicdiiiciii," p. 1.'}. r-H 4 TT wr li:\ I li li - ! i i'\ L 7S I'l.WS or SKAKCII lOlt silt .Il»IIN IK ANKI.IV. Oil tlu! state nf tlic ice iiiid llir cNisliiicc of limd in a s|);u'(' Iiitlicrtd a lilaiik on our maps. . . He iliis as it may. 1 considfr it imt, iin|)rijl)al)lt', as snuL,'('sti'(l li_\ Dr. Kini;'. that an al tempt, ' will lie made by tlioiu to fail liaek on the western coast of Xoi'tli Somerset, ulierever that may bo t'oiind, as being the lu-arest point atrordiiif^ a ho])0 of eominunioation.' . . A;,'reeinL!; thus far with i)i' Kinjj;, 1 am oom- polled to dilfer with him entirely its io the; readiest mode of reaehiiii;- that coast, because I feel satislieil that . . the expedition now 0(pii|)pin}j; iimU'r Sir .lames Ross . . will rendi'r it a matter of no very diilieult enterprise to examine tlu" coast in question, . whereas an attempt to reach that coast l)y an expedition from the continent of America nnist bo extremely hazardous and nnci'rtain. . . And as I understand it to be tlieir Lordshi])s' intention to direct Sir .lanu's J\oss to station one of the slnps about Ca])C Walker while tho other i)roceeds on the search, and likewise to ecpup his boats specially for . . examininii; the various coasts and iiilets, I iim decidedly of opinion that as rejj^ards the western coast of North Somerset, this ])lan will Le nuicli more likely to answer than any overland expedition. . . in rei^ard to J)r. lviiis may attempt tho continent in that direc- tion; but not being- well acipuiinted with the facilities for reachnig the coast of America opposite those lauds, 1 am not competent to judge of its practicability." ISir James Eoss replies by a scries of remarks on Dr. King's letter :* — " First, Dr. King 1)egins by assuming that Sir John Frr.uklin has attempted to ])ush the ships through to the westward, between i\iel- ville Island and JJanks' Jiand (although directly contrary to his Instructions) ; tliat having been arrested by insurmountable difHculties, . . he would . . make for the west coast of North Somerset. If the expedition failed to penetrate to the westwai'd between l^anks' Land and 3lelville Island, it is very probable it would have next attempted . . a more southerly course, and . . after making . . . (say 100 miles) to the south-west . . and then finally stopped or wrecked, the calamity will have occurred in about lat. 72 i° jN". and long. 115° AV\ This point is only 2S0 miles from the Coppermine Kiver, and -120 miles from the Mackeuzie ; either of which, therefore, would be easily attainable, and . . abundance of provisions. . . At the point above mentioned, the distance from the * See Piirli.nmentary Papers, No. 2Gt, " Aretie Expedition, 1848," p. It. i «IIl J.\\Tr.S l!()SS. 70 (' liillii'ftii U'v il iKit I he iniidc , ulion^vci' a liopo of 1 am c'Oiii- t' rcacliiii;;- iiion now ittlT oi" till tioii, . . I t'l'DlU llic iiiu'ci'liiin. II to (lirt'i-t ilUiM' wliilc liis llOMts lots, 1 ;!tu of North than any siigu;t'stioii SOIMU . . that 'lii-cr- V iradiiiiLi: ipotriit til s letter:* ikliii lias ("CU i\l.>l- y to his flioultios, Somerset. 11 l>aiiks' lavo next er makiiiii n liiially iu ab(ml from the either ot' iidance of from the 1.. U. west roast of Xortli Somerset is prohahly 5300 mih^s, and the moiilli of the (Jreat Fish Jiiver full oOO; at iieitlier of these plaees euuld the}'h;ii)e to (il)taiii a simple day's provisions fur sn lai'i:;e a party ; and Sir .Idhii P'raiiklin's intimate knowled.i,'e (jf the iinpussiliility nf asceiidiiiii; that river, or dhtaininu; . . fiidd, . . Wdiihl ciurur ia deterring him iVdiii attmipting to gain eitiier df tlinse pdiiits. . . I think it most pnilialde that . . he wmihl . . retrace his steps, and ])assing throiigli the ehaiinel by which he had advaiiccil, . . . seek tiio whalc-siiips which annually visit the west coast of Halfin's Bay. " Secondly, It is far more pruLablc . . Iliat Sir .lolm I'l'anklin, iu obedience to his Instructions, wouhl endeavour to jiush his siiips to the soutli and west, as mxm as they had passed Cape Walker; and the coiise([uence of smh a measure, nwing to the kiidwn preva- lence of westerly wind and the drift oi' the main body of the ice, would be (iu my opinion) tlu-ir inevitable I'Uibarrassment ; and if he j)orsevered in that direction, which he probably would do, 1 have no hesitation in stating my conviction that he would never be able to extricate his ships, and would ultimately be (djliged to abandon them. It is th(>reforo in hit. 7!}° X., and hmg. IU5° W., that we may expect to find them involved iu the ice, ui' shut up in some hai'bour. This is almost tlie only point in which it is likely they would be de- tained, or from which it wouhl not be possible to convi'y inibrmatidu . . , to the Hudson's Jjay Company's settlements. . . if, then, . . . compelled toabaudon their vessels at or near this point, they would endeavour . . to reach Lancaster Sound; but 1 camiut conceive any position . . from whii-h they wouhl make for the (ireat Fish Eiver, or at which any party desi.-ending that river would be likely to overtake them ; and even if it did, of what ad\aiitage could it be to them ? "Thirdly, If Dr. King and his party iu their single canoe ilid fall in with yir John Franklin, . . on the west coast of Moi'th Somerset, how does he propose to assist them ? He would have barely provisions for his own party, and would more probably be in a condition to require rather than all'ord relief. "Sixthly, Dr. King states, 'that Barrow's Strait was icebound in 1S32;' I need ouly observe, that Barrow's Strait was not icebennd iu 1S32, nor during any of the other seven seasons I liave passed through that strait and Lancaster Sound, .■ . nor have 1 ever lieard of their having been found so . . during the last thirty years." No cue acquainted with the subject can avoid noticing the couunon I 'It! I mm Tpf I I I- , ': ■ ' j! ¥ 1 80 l'I,AN.S or SF.AUCII rOU silt .lOIIN I ItANKMX. sense view ot'llie qiieslioii these re])lies liilie; lliey involve the wlidle l)e;ii'iiiii^ (if the (iriLriiiiil |)hm, and ihe Inslrnctions i'rametl iiixni it. Sir I'iilward I'ari'y, after revert int,' to his (ppinions of IS'JO, fouiKhd on Ihe facts tlien before liiin. and Ihal they liad i-emained nnaltered, remarks:- "I'Vankiin, lieinix aware of the diillenlt ieshesi>tt inu; him (Sir Iviward) lietwe(Mi ."MeiviUe Island and Hanks' I^and, would avoid them, and woidd endeavour to elleet th(< passaii;*' between 100° and llO^NV-jin theopeii s|)are lietween Cape Walker and IJanks' Land."' The ahsince of iid'oruiat ion oidy seems to eoulirui him in this view; but how far south, as he wisely observes, is " a matter of speculation." dependini,' Avhnllv on obstacles he iiiav meet with from ice or tl le existence of land in the space iutherto a blank upon onr maps." Wo need not say, this ])erfectly aecords with Franklin's Instruc- tions; bid, rcLjardint; the western coast of North Somerset, this coast not haviu;. bei'u visited, aiul consequently not "laid down," beini;' without defniite liiiuts west, we cannot see how it can he calcu- lated as a ])oint "to fall back on." AVe heartily coincide with Sir Edward Pari-y as to tlu' hazard aiul uncertainty of the attempt to ndieve I'l-aiddin by theCireat l''ish Jiiver, Sir James ]{oss : — we pass over his arf^nnnents to ccmtrovert the assumption of Dr. Kiuij;, that Fr.anklin was ordered to ])Ush his shi|is bi'tweiMi -Melville Island and Baid\s' hand. The simple fact of Sir tlohn Harrow not having said so, and the rejection of the assertion by vefereiico to the Instructions, was and is quite enough, without addi- tional argument and farther conjecture on the matter. The second section fully illustrates the meaning of Franklin's Instructions, di- recting him to Cape Walker and the south-west, and the position iiulicated by hit. 73° X., long. lOo" AV., shows carcd'ul investigation. ]lis conviction as to the fate of the expedition bears the spirit of prophecy. The advantages oil'ered for escape by Lancaster Sound instead of the Hudson's IJay Company's settlements — the improba- bility of the expedition making for the Great Fish liiver, and the ahnost utter impracticability of sending aid to Franklin by that river. — all these we concur in, avo liave always thought them th(> only reasonable conclusions which could be arrived at under the circum- stanci's, having no information to ginde us. The lnstr\ictions alone can tell lis where we sent In'm, and thev alone can indicate the course we slioiild pursue in following with the hope of recovering him. How much it is to be regrettetl that the sense of those replies was not adopti'd in framing Instructions for the future searching expeditions ! DIt. KINC. Si \\c whole 111 it. founded tialtorcd. liiiu (Sii- lid avoid 100° and *' Liiiid."' his view ; •utalioii," ■, or "tlic ps." Insinic- ract, this d down," bo cak'ii- azfird and 'isli Jiivcr. rovcrt llw 1 his shi|ts act of Sir sertion liy loiit aihli- lu> sofond flions, di- position 'sti^ation. ' spirit of {'V Sound iinprolia- , and tlir Itliat river, th(; only c'ircuiu- aud they with the that the Ins for the Hut wo turn now to Dr. Kiiii^'s h'ttor. Wo do not like it.-, i '-(".pil- lar st vli- ; we had rather it had boon h'ss proHiiinplivc, l(>ss ci^'ot istical, more consoi'iilivc and clear; but it is anotiicr iiis1;aiic(' how juduiiienl -i iiiav be war|)ed and perverted by the adoption of one 'u\va to the exclusion of all others; we shall have occasion to notice cipial errors in others, arisiiii^ from the same narrowness of view. What, indeed, has called I'nrth these paLj;e.s hut l!ie fatal coiiscipienccs that ha\i' arisen from ])rcjudice. iVom hasty assumption and imai^inatlve waii- dcrini; in favour ol" jjarticular routes, places, and means ? The Doctor surely cannot have reail tlie Instrui'lions, or ho would have found at Sections '> and (5 not only directions where to j;o from Cape AValker lo the soiith-wi-st, but also cautions where not tt) i^o. so as to prevent "loss of time." The (piotation I'rom IJarrow's ••Ai'clic V'oyaLjcs,"' p. 11, is correct, but Dr. Iviiuj;"s reading' of the passa^^e is not so; by "as far as to lii(> last land on its southern sliore," Sii- .lohn Harrow meant "Cape Walker, the last land on the south of Harrow's Strait." * Tlii' ai'!j;umeiits. iherefdre, on his readiiiL,^ of the ])assai,'e fill to tlu' L,'rouu(l. We cannot nuderstand this eternal reference (not, only of J)r. Kin^^'s, but others) to the west, c;iasl of North Somerset. In tli(> then state of our kiiowledLje il was not. known how far west it extended (see the Admiralty C harts), it may have had Cape AV'alker for its western limit, or even Hanks' liand. To assume, then, that the boats of the expedition (prematurely pro- nounced wrecked), should endeavour to make for a laiul unknown, through a sea unknown, seems to us to border closely (jii the wild visions of imbridled thought, from which reasonable conjecture shrinks. Relief by that "execrable river," the Great I'ish lviver,t advocated by Dr. King, we evi'r did and do consider altogether impracticable for the pur])ose, not only as being "through a country too poor and too dillicult of access," but also as not being "the ice-free and high road to the land " or sea where the expedition was likely to be found. It was, in short, the last place wc should have looked for any infor- mation or traces of thi' J''ranklin Expedition, — speaking at this period, and of what was then known of the position and trendings of the * See a copy of the original "Proposal for an Attempt to Complete the Di.-^eo- vcry of !i Noi'tb-West l'as:'aj;e," submitted to the Royal .Soeiety, December, 1811 ; ill II pamphlet, " Aivtic Expeditions : a Lecture," by Mr. C. K. Wekl, 1850, p. 18; also, Memorandum from Sir Tolin Barrow, .Tiily, 18t7, rarli.imentary Papers, Nr. 'Jtit, " Arctie Expeditions," p 72. t See Back's "Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the IMouth of tho Great Fish River, 1833-5 ;"' also, " Kind's Journey to the Airtie Ocean, 1833-5." ti i;:i I !'! / I I vi I ' ,11 ; !f !' 1 ^ m I'l.ANS Ol S|;\K( II l(i|; SlU JOIIN lltANKMN. land about licrc, as llicii sliowii kii our clwirts. It is true, llioro was tlic sii|)|)osc(l cliaiiticl or passat^o Ix'twocii Hack's (I real I'isli i^ivcr and tlic bottom nl' K'oKcnt's Inlet; biittliat was qiicslioiiablc. Wo arc aware that tlie Msiinimaiix re|iiirt, and tlie sad relics briHi'^lit lioiiie bv Wne ( ISo | ), ai'c now (■(iiniiinnlv (|iieleil as proof nt' the iiccii- racy of Dr. K iii^'s \ lews ; but, imt witlislainliiiij; tiu'se, and the posi- tion in whicli they were lound, \\e caiinot consider Ihein as ans proof tliat, Ijecaiise ili(>y wci'e found there, Di-. Kini; is ri^ht in liis conjectures. We shonhl have looked lor ]Kirties seekin;,' relict' retracin^f their way to I he east wai'd in Harrow's S| i-ail . iit I'ury licaili, Ac., or to the westw.ird to I he ('opperiiiine or Ma<'ki'ii/ie; but lasl of all should we have looked to the (ireat I'ish Uivcr for Ihein. The fact of the I'clics beiiii^ found at .Montreal Island is due altoLjether to another cause, whicli does not seem to have oci'iii'rcd to \h\ KinL,^ but of wl/icli we shall ha\e occasion to speak herrafler in oui' imp dries. to ascertain where that party who brouuht Ihciii, and who are said to liave perished tliere-caine from ? The Doctor, speakiui; stern as|)ect, heiiin <,'enerally ico fire," i-Iaims to be the first, to point out that, fact : we be^ to nder liiin to '■ \'oyaL,'es into the Arctic !u'L;ions,"' by Sir .lolin liarrow, ])ublished in ISlS: ;ii pai;e ;>7'J he uill there find it alread_\ describi'd as a '' Avell-established fad ;" and Sir Ivlward Parry, in his .lournal, lSl!"(-2(),reiiiarkin^' on the jirobalde existence ofa .\orlh '.Vest l'assa!j;o, pai^o 12!)7, sa\ s : — "I should . . coiilident ly hope to liiid t he dilfu'ulties lessen in propiu'tioii as we aiKaiiced towards the hitter sea (Pacific); especially as it is well known that the climate of any L!;i\en parallel on that, side o\' Aiiu-rica is. no matter from what caiist>, very nianv degrees nH>re temperate than on the eastern coast." Sir .lohii I'^ranklin was ipiite aware of this fact.* but still, accordinjj; to tin J)octor, after havinu; "turned tlw prnira of lii-s rcssf/s snnlh dinl /'v.v/.'" — "from bi'tweiMi Melville Island and Banks' Land," he will liavc Franklin rusliiiiL!; into dillicultv and " pusliiutr aloiuj^ the caslcni n/i/f * St'p "TIii» rrniililiu Kxpe'.lition, Fir.>it ami Lasl," liy Dr. luii!,', p. I.k ii. iiii; M»Miit\r/rv — i.adv kkanki.in. Ml \CTO was sli UiviT 1.-. We lllf ilCCIl- llic jiiisi- 1 MS ;in\ [111 ill 111-' lit; nlid' rv I5t':i(li. 1ml liisl •m. Tl..> it^l'lllCf li' Dr. KiiiLT, in(|uir'n'>. IV t-llill It' cct ln'iiiL; , l:icl ; wr • Sir .Idliii it iilrcMils rr\ , ill liis .nil Wcsl I liiid till' ;i1tci' sen iiy i^ivcii iisi', very Sir .loliii u; 1() lln' (/ ires/.'' will have x/rrii Kiilc i'eim '■ /t- (issi'i/iid. (if Nurtli ■nbr Dr. :-"lt is mid (it' ;siiiipson's "i.' '//( 11 p. ir. iiaiTiitivc, ill siippurl uf lli;t» asscrlinii; llic pasHaijc rcrcrpcd Id v.as iiiadf by (liai;,'ciill('iiiaii in nft'nnci' 1o iinl, Nnrlli Sdiiicrsct. I ml III a iimcli iiKU'c r\tciisi\r r\|il()nil iim, \ i/.., to h'tipy and I Icila Si rail , and he ari,Mii's, '• if .Mr. Siin|isuii, in ilir_\(iiilli dl' lil'c, . rdiiid iml iiiaKc a ^'rcatcr di>lani'('" frnm his winter's (|iiai't('rs ((Ircal Hear jiakr) " fail liion' lie ex peel cd ni" Sir ,1 nhii ! vidian Noli, at li is period of lit'cr" 'riiis ('(iiiiparisoii. Ill s;i_v I III' least i>i' it, is eoarse and indelicate Inwards tlial distiiii,Miislied .\rct ie \eteraii, that kind-hearted, excellent, man. We shall cnncliide: "'riie land,'' the Duchpr sa_\s, " 1 hat is iiKide (111 the sniilli slmre (if ilariMw's Strait, will lie n\' (/mi/t/fit/ characler, the naliiral (•(iiise(pieiice df discdVery ill ships.'' All l.mds arc ddiihtful uiiiil discdsered, w hel her in slii|)s (ir lidats, (ir liy land pari ies. W'l" lia\(.> been cDiiipelled to enter at Sdiiie leiiLjth (in Dr. Kiiii,''.s letter, iiiasiiiiich as his vicw.s have lieeii iidticcil largely, and have ".,'aiiied a sdrt (d" iidldriely and a praise which we caiiiidt think is (piile due to them ; si ill, df his ahiiity and cap.aliilily we lia\e iidl a ddlllit ; but the Sdlllldliess o\' his \iews rcLj;ardili'.,' the relici' of the l''raiikliii I'ivpedition we iiiiisl \i'V\ imicli (picslinii. Our ^M-eat. dbjcct, aLjaiii, has been to show that Dr. Kin.i;, with Sir I'iiKvard I'arry and Sir .lames luiss, all hink to the W(.'st, and «(iutli for ihc iv\])cdilioii, and not td the iidrtli. The Lords of the Admiralty,* by letlers dated (it li ami lltli 31arcli, is IS, to the C'oiiiiiiissioiiers of Custoiiis, olfered rewards to the whalers visitiiit; Lancaster Sound, iVe. Lady Kraukliii, 2()lli .March, also jtVerc'd dC2,U()0 to the whalers for tlie e.xploratiou of Prince !\eu;eiit's Inlet, Admiralty Inlet, Jones' Siuiiid, or Smith's Sound. Lady Franklin, in a letter to ]Mr. JJarrow at this time, jMarch, bSlS, says:t — " 1 have never been ubk^tcj divest myself of the idea that in ease of shipwreck on the west eoast of North Somerset, ourfriiinds iiiii;lit oudeavonr to make their way aci'oss J'rinee Kegeiit's Lilet, towards llie llshinti; Kxpi-ditioii, IS Is," pp. 47-'.». t Ihid., p. ID. .11 n '~ IH Mi. 18 ^i. T; 8'! I'l.WS or SK.MU'II lull SIR .titllN IIMNKI.IN, (ifil. . . . I li:i\t> cvt'i' hail it luiicli til lii'iii't, Mii'Mi'iM' il still, licit llir lliiilsiiirs M;i_\ ('iim|i;m\ mIumiIiI Ik* iiri,'ril In iln llirir iilinusl willi I lirir iim'(|ll!lllril I'l'sniirrrs to srarrli I liriiisrKcs. . . . (iivr lliriii liis I list nu't imis, ami a I'Irai' nut liiir nt' 1 lir prrsmt r\|M'ilit imis, ami li avf tlir iiiaMiii'r ol'iluini;; it to llifiiisilvcs." Tlir wfsl cnasl (if Nnrtli Snnu'i'sct is Ihtc ayaiii nlilniilnl ii|iiiii lilt' altciilinii. WliiTi' (III llii'V li\ tliis west coast iA' Nnrtli Smiicr- st'1 ? W'l" l sniimls imrlli nj" HaHiirs liav, it is a |iit_\ tlirv an- iiiciit iniicil at all KraiiKliii was iinl m-iliTi'il in llial tlirrctinii. Wlii'ii llic coasts ami M'as ill 1 ho ilirrct inn in which lie was nnlcrcd ha\c liccn c\ainini'i|. llicu the jilaccs nnl ol' ll:c I n>l ruct inns, hut mrnliniicil in prisatc cniucrsal inn. iii; _i ho tlmuL^ht nj', hut nnt until then. \Vc i'car, iVoiii the aho\o extra , alreaily traces nl' dislracteil slews nppcar; anil that, Inn, hel'nre any search has heeii made at all in the tlirectioii in which the l'"ninklin Mxpedit inn was sent. Sir .loliil Uicliai'dsnii,* accniii|)aiiied In Dr. U'ae t ( 1 1 udsnirs I5a\ t'oinpaiiv), with ellieient boats' crews, were directed, rlii the II ml- son'rt Hay C'oiiipaii\"s territories, lo the .Macken/.ie Kiver; theii' iiisl ructions were *• to examine , . . thet-oasl helweenthe M.iekeii/ie and the ("opiiermiiie Rivers; and also to cnast . . , Ihe weslern and southern shores oi' Wollastou l,and ;" and '• it' nocessarv" lo devote a second summer ( IS !*.)), "lo exaiiiiue the pass '^es helweeii Wollastmi aiul Hanks' and \'ictniia Lands, so :is to cross Ihe routes of snine nl' Sir .lames Knss's di'tached ])arties.'' In the spriiii,' ot' ISoO to reliirii lo iMi^land. These Instruct ions embrace all (he points within which Franklin was expi-cted lo einei-j^i' from Ihe north-i'ast (Cape Walker), Sir John Kichardson and Dw lino left Hnojland Urjtli .March, isjs. Sir .lames Hoss, in the Ku/rrprisr, and Cnplain I'i. .1. HIrd, in ilii> Invetitirintor, i'ully manned ami oi|nip]iod, xver(> now jlespalched In Lancaster Sound and I'nrrox*',; .Siraiis. Tli(> Instructions n;iven to this, the tlrst of the soarchiiii,' expeditions sent in that direction, and to follow the footsteps of Sir .loliu Erauklin, are brielly extriicti'd, as follows : — " AVhere.as tbc period for \vliicli II.]\r.S. Ereliis and Terror were • rurliamcntary Pupors, No. 201, ".Aivfii,' Exiicdition, 1818," i>p. 1i)— 21. t Tills p'litleiuiiii was ahrady known for his tlisi'ovcrics at llio tioltom of I'riiiiv Regent'.s Ink-t, 18 1(;-7, — by wliicli lio provtHl (]i(> non-cxisti'iici" of ii clianiicl bet wivn it and the putrauco of Back's lliver, lo the westward, — and for tlio aduiinibK; man- lier in wliinb be carried ont tliaf expedition. ix TltK AI)MH{.M,Ty 85 t)i;it llir ISI will) licni liis ml It'iivt' ('(I ii|ii>ii I Siiiiu'f- ml t'lipi' S III tll(< m1 Mt nil lilslS Mini Miiniiiril. ti |iri\.'ilt' Icil \ lews iill ill IIk- nil's Hm\ lh(> IIikI- ■r ; llifir l:icl\('ii/.ic Islcrii iiiiii l('\()l(' ;i (illnsloii sonic (if ) ret urn 11 which Wiilkcr). 1, ISIS. in tlii> chcd to ;ivcii 111 iiiii, :uiil ictcd, iis •ro)' vrcri' -21. of Pritu'i' I'l hcfwoi'it niblc iiiMii- \ictimlli'(l will Icrniinalc :it the ciul nl" tlii^^ hiiiiiiiiit, aiul wlicrciis mm iKlii'.u;.'* wliiilcvcr 1)1' the |iritccc(liiiL;s ul' cilhcr of those ships have rc'iclc'il lis siiKje their first ciitry into liiiiicaslcr Souiid iti the year 1S|.'>, and there liciiit,' t hcrelore rcasmi to a|i|ircheiid that, they lia\c lieen hlocUed ii|i liy iinnio\,'dde ice, and thai they may soon lie e\|iiiscil to sillier liy privaliuii, we have deemed it |)roper to defer no luii;,'cr the endeavour to allord them adc(|iiate relief." After recitinj^ (he means jilaced at his coiiimaiid. Sir James lios .,i direcli'd "to proceed without delay to Jiaiicaster Sound. . . in your prnj,'ret's ihroui^h thai inlet lo the westward, yon will carefully search both slioi'cs, as well as those of Hat row's Strait. Should your early arriv.il there .... admit of your at once evtendiii^' a wiinilar exumiimtiouto I he shores of \V'elliii!,'ti)n Channel, it, will leave you at f^'reater liberty III devote yourself more I'lilly afli'rwarda to your resi'arches to the westward. The several intervals of coast that aj)|)ear in our (diarts In lie between ( 'ape ( 'lai'eiicc ami Walker must bofiirefully explored;" and ai'lcr alliidiiiL,' lo the facilities in boats, iVc., Ljiveii to hin \Vi', trust, by these means, all ])reliiiiiiiary researches may be com|)leled diirint,' the present season." Near Cape Uciuiell is indicated for ^ecurinjj: the /nrcs/if/d/oi' for the ensuing winter, " jis from that posi- tion a very considerable exleiil, of coast may be (>xplored on foot, and III the followiiiLC spriii;^ detached [lartics may be iieiit across the icu by Captain Bird, in order to look thorom^ldy into the creeks along the western coast of I5ootbia, and even as far as Cajie .Nicholai ; while aiiollier party may proceed to the southward, and asci'rtain wlu'ther \\w liliink ,sp/ici: shown there in our charts consists of an open sea, lliroiiL,di which Sii- .lohn l''rankliii may have [lassed," or "islands anions which he may be still blocki'd up. . . '\%^ ICtUcrprisr, \n ihi^ iiicantime, will press forward to the westward, and endeavour to reach Winter Harbour, in Melville Island; or, j.ierhaps, if circum- stances render it advisable, to |)usli onward to Banks' Land. . . . from this western station yon will bo able to spread some active parties, and make some short and useful excursions, before the season altotfcther closes, and still mow. ell'ective ones in the ensuing ,sprin<^. One party shouUl tlu'ii [mrsue the coast, in whatever ilireotiun it may seem likely to have been followed by Sir John .l''ranklin, and thus dclcrmiiK! the ij;eneral sliajie of Banks' Land ; it is then to proceed to Ca|ie Batluirst or Cape i'arry, on the mainland, at each of wtiioh places we have direcl<'d Sir John liicliardson to leavi' provisions, and on to l''ort Hope and I'jiigland. . . . .Another |)arty will exjilore the eastern coast of Banks' Laud, and from theuce make at ouce for m. * 'I 4 TW ; I im ! i il If Il ' SO I'l.A.NS OF SEAUCH FOU HIU JOHN KUAXKLIX. (':i[)i' Krusonstern. . . . 'riu'y should oonnmmioate iinmodifitoly wit li him (Sir ,Iohn Jtichardson), acoordinuj to tht> ai^ivoiueni which ho and you Iiav(! made, and iilacinu; ihonisclvoH under hi« orders, tlicy will assist him in cxaminini^ the shores of A'ictoria and WoUastou Island, and finally return with him to England. . . . Wo direct you to con- sider Ihe toreij;oiii<:; orders as Iho general outline of our desires, and not as intended too rii^idly to control your proceedings." Wo eainiot resist a remark or two on these Instructions, It should 1)0 remend)ered that this was the lirst expedition sent out to ascertain what had hefallen the gallant Franklin and his companions. 'I'hree years had been ])ermitled to pass away in uncertainty ami >-usp(>nso, and I'umour, with her thousand false tiin<.i;ues, had assignt'd every variety of disti'ossful form to th(>ahsent naviijators, addini; to I he anxiety and anguish arisinij; from absence. It hohovod us, tlierelore. to be clear and decisive in what was to bo done; in fact, takimj the Instructions niven to Franklin as our .t^niido, to follow on his trail. Wo can undorstaiul that Harrow's Strait, north and south to Wel- lini^ton ( haniud, on the one hand, and to Cape Clarence and hetweeii it and Cape AValkcM*, on the other, should be thorouL,ddy searched in passinu:, prejiaratory to a more oxtend"d one to tlio westward ; but why the intermediate coast from IJarrow's Strait south as far as Ca[)e \ioholai, we cantiol so r(>,'ur''y comprehend. If considered luiilor the idea of a retroatint; p!ii'1y> \\t' should have looked for them in Harrow's Strait. The strait of .lames lioss, and the supposcMl channid from i'.ack's l{iv(*r to lu\L';enCs Inlet, oU'ered a moans of escapi' to {''lu-y Heacli ; but wo bad not reached Capo AV^alker, tn wliii'h l-'raiddin was specially direct(>d: wo did iu)t know what- im- portant iiiformatiou mi!j;ht b(> await ini;' us thei'o. Tlio search to die south iti the direction of Cape Nicholai was therefore |)remature ; we should have paused before wo made any search in that diri'ctiou. In oiKh'avourin^ to escape, Franklin would look south and west tn t lie A moi'ican conl inent. and not soiit b-east, unless luidor very pocidiai' circumstances, or cast by Barrow's Strait, for su?cour. Hut surely it ap|U'ars far more reasonable, after duo examinati(m of the various headlands and en1 ranees to the inlets alonte;'n di\i>ioii was to endeavour to reach Melville Island or Hanks' Laud, 'i'his was all well, Hid. how. attain, one [)arty is In |> a'siio the direction ''likol\ to have been I'olliiwotl in Franklin,' -i. 19 ?]:!! Tin; ADMIUALTV. 87 toly Willi h ho ami tl\t'y will n Isluiiil, )ii tocon- iiri'S, anil :ions. It lit out In iiil)ani(Uis. aiuly and 1 assit^iuMl atUiin^X i" tlicivtbrc. hiUinti llu- L his trail. ;li to Wi'l- (l betwcon -arcluHl in wavil; hnt as tar as c'onsidcri'il d for tlxMii : SUpi)OS(>(l means of Valker, i^ whal. ini- ch to i\n' it lire; wi' lion, lid west til •V pt'culiMr ')iit surrly u' various Barrow's a primary lit it SOI'HIS Ajraiii: Island I'l' party is I" l-'raiiklin." and thus detorniiiie tlu" westoru lace ot" 15auks' J^aud; by whieli we are led to inter that he attein[)ted to pass down this western tivco. Here we arc at a loss; wo cannot conceive under what circumstances it could he thoui^ht that Franklin would bo tound there, lie was not ordered there : why and how did he Ljet there r It' he had been enabled to ij;ot to tlu> south-west, we oiii;ht to look tor him between ]?auks' and Wollastou Lands, jndi!;ing from what was known and laid down on the charts of the period ; but tliis would lead him to the southward, and we should most likely have heard of hiin vid the American continent. We cauiKjt imagine he attempted the forbidden channel botweeu iiaiiks' Land and ^lelville Island: Ave can only sup- ])ose, then, that it was contemplated that, slint out from the south, he made westinu;, and then attempted some northern route between the I'arry Lslands, and came down on thcMr western side, and so on to the western side ol' Jiaidis' Land; but this i.s too hypothetical to be admitted; the northern and western lindts of the whole of the islands oi- lands north of 71^'' \. and west to 115^ \V. weri> unknown. The search, tluMi. of the western coast of Jianks' Land at this early period we think ipiit.' unnecessary. AVt' had not ascertained that he had been compelled to a northern route; it was, therefori', need- lessly exhaustinjj; the ener;;ies of tlio expedition. The examination of the eastern shores of Banks' Jjand is more within reason. Tliroud that Sir John Franklin would deem his lustmctions absolute. "Whatever private views he might have, whatever his wishes or inten- tions, he would make his opinions subordinate to the manifest tenor and spirit of his orders. This was his duty, and, because his duty, with him paramount to every consideration of private leeliug. It will be observed, that even in the opinions advocating a search by the south and west, they vary in many points ; this surprises us, because the space included between 7u" and 1^ N., aud 98° and 115° W., or, tlmt tii'ularly to con- itioiia at I for tlio violation who are a simple jns ; and :;lio space lou as to :r, whicli ts. Ono on of tlio lie search only on Franklin i a search lulness of 1 them as is iu the , anil yet is orders, Ihat while xl leave JUS given Franklin )sition to Licnce the nay draw kJeclions lever con- absolute, lor inten- >st tenor Ihis duty, lling. it •h by the because .15° \V,. MM. II.VUUllKAVi: — MU. M'l'innisov. 80 I was altogether unknown ; it might be navigable water. I f conject me !nust be called in, why not have assumed a progress for tlie Kxpedititui in tlie obvious direction to which the Instructions tended, rather than to other and less probable ones, involving, as we see, many points of ditlerence ? Again, there seems a feeling Lhut the Expedi- ; ion had attained large westing, which can only be accounted for by its continued absence, the known daring and persevci'anco of the navigators, and the imaginary freedom with which it was thought the Arctic seas could be navigated; for of positive information there was none: the fact is, conjecture was beginning to run wild. As to the north, while its advocates wer^ e([ually destitute of all intelligence, they built up a theory o^' assumed intentions, unsupported by a single fact, that called aside and diverted att(;ntiou from tlie Instructions, if it did IU) worse ; but in attrihutiiig intentions foreign to his orders, lliey indir(>ctly, but literally, involve the gallr'U I'ranklin in tlie grave chai'ge of dist)beying them, thus rend(M"ing him open to animachersiou from any and every malicious or slanderous ipiarter, — tlius doing a positive injury, as far as iht'yare concerned, to tliis great man's ]iame, unjust ami jKn-haps irreparable! An extract from a letter (dated Vork I'actory, Aug. listh. IS IS)* i'rom 3lr. Jlargreav(> to A. Barclay, l']s(|., Secretary of the Hudson's liay Company, may be noticed here: " 1 may mention, as a riunour possessii'.g some interest, tliat in a [irivate comnnniicatioii of ]\larch 1st from Mr. IM'Pherson, of iMackiMi/i(^ lliver Distfici, lie s:iys : — 'There is a report from I'eel's Kiver that the J']s(piimaux saw two large boatri ((piery, ships?) to the eastward of the ^Mackenzie, full of white men, and they (the Es(piimaux) showcnl knives, tiles, A:c., to the I'eel's Jiiver liuUans, which they had received from these white uumi. (.'(iiild these have been Fraidclin or ivae'r' Jle adds: ' Kao never left the southern point of Committci- Bay,' aiul 'Indian information is ])n)verbial for its inaccuracy and exagi;eration.' " This i-eport seems to have the same source as that given by Air. IVers ((iii/r, p. 7;J). Tiiere is an appearance of truth about it. The articles given by the MliitemenarespL,."jied,and uulicatc facts: Vi'e sliall I'ei'er to them again. Thus closed the ve:"r ISlS. Alanv and various w(-re the reports and rumours as to the movements and the i'ortunes of the Fraukliu Expedition, but iiol a xiiirjh' facf regarding it had reached Ihigland up to ihis tinu', since it parteil li'om the whalers in H;iHin's Bay. All plans and suggestions then, if not based on the 1 ii>ti'iu/tii.ins issued loi- its guidance, were purely speculative — purely iiK;il. * S(v l'arli:i!iii'Htary raiicrs, Nd. iSfs, "AitIii l'.x|ir'n: vmn\ sir j. v. uoss — opimoxs — "Niiitrir st.vu SVII.S — LIIUT. S. OSUOUN — UnWAHUS — DU. M'comiTCK — Sill .JOHN UUII.VIJDSON — SIR JOItN KDSS — FOND's I!AV lilU'OllT — Sill J. ('. ROSS RKTIRXS — SIB JOHN UICIIAUDSON' ARRIVFS— 1)U. UAE — SIR V. 1!i:ai:i()Rt — imioposkd kvi'Kditiox T!V lii'imixo's strait — (IIMNIONS Ill DSON's day COM .'AXV — MR. CllllISTOPIIER — CAPT. IT, N N V — 1! K II It I N f i ' S STRA I T — IS 19 CLOSES. Is 10. — Tin; year opened: anxiety betrayed her presence. Tlie Adinirally. having received intelligenee from Sir .Tames Ross (dated July llitii, IS IS), from which they wera led to infer that tlie III i;i'.s// 1/(1 foi\ Ca])tain Bird, would bo sent to England ie the summer of ISli), in which ease the EiUcqrrisc would be left to prosecute the st'nrch ak)ne ; and tliis being considered unadvisable, not only as being nnsate but as likc^ly lo frustrate tlie objects of the expedition, various Arctic oilicers, etc., were consulted, and 8ubse([iiently a meet- ting took place (January 17th, ISl!)).* In the end, it was resolved the Norlli Slier should he ladi'ii with provisions, and sent to IJarrowV Strait, under the coinniand of ]Mr. Saunders, Master, K.N. Tlu' Xuiili Stiii' sailed ^NFay Kith, IS li). j\lr. Saunders's orders w ?re to jn'oceed to Lancaster Sound and Harrow's Strait, and endeaviiur to intercept tlie Inveslitjalor ; lailing to do so, he was to make for Whaler I'oiut, Port Leopold, but sliould that point prove inaccessible on account of the ice, he was to leave notice there where he would laud tlie provisions, Scq., on the south side of Lancaster Sound. vVs some of these opinions embrace the lino of search to be adopted f(n' the recovery of the nnfortunato Franklin, we shall notice them; they go partly to show the ideas jirevailing at this period. Sir George Back " is of opinion that Sir James lioss . . should be left entirely to his tiwii well known intelligence and discretion, notliing doubting that he will thoroughly explon; the Wellington (.'liaiiiu'I, and other northern jiassages from J3arrow's Strait." Caplain Beechey (January 12th, ISID) says: — ''Jtcan hardly be i'xpecl(Hl tlial full and elUcient oxaminatiou of evi'ry port in search of our forlorn countrymen can be made even by ilie two vessels there ; such a search, i mean, as would alono satisfy this country, and in tlie huiientable event of liearing no more of the parties, would enable us to lay our heads on our piUows with the inward satisfaction (if know iiig that we had dime all that humanity could snggcst, and all * r;ii'luiiii.'iitary ruiun-f, No. lb!:) 11., " Arctic Expcdit mil, V\> 1— 10. .1 i! 1 STAU ]\l .lOlIN SIU J. ('. {\E — SI I! iTUAIT — U— CAi'T. 11C9 Ross that the i siiinmci' eeutc tlu' t only as vpedition, y a ineel- < rcsolvod Burrow's ;.N. The ■s \v ;rc to oavour to make I'oi' accusslblr he ^vould r Sound. l; adopted ici' thcni ; should liseretion, 'elliugtou lit." lardly be lu search o AGssels country, ies, woidd itistaetiou t, and all I— 10. COl.. si.VlUNK — Sill KUWAIU) HELCllEU. 01 i that a great nation, jealous of the lives of its subjects, could ])i)ssibly have accomplished. Wellington Inlet, Bathurst Ink't, and Kegent's lidet. have all to bo examined, in addition to the other routi's eon- teiii])lated by Sir .lames Jtoss. . . blatters have arrived at such a crisis that merely sailing uj) ami down an inlet will not saf'«t'y us; a rigid, miinite search of the shore must be made in boats ♦Voin the shi])s; the hills nuist be ascended, the points and headlands exi'mined, lor traces of th'^ objects of tlunr search. . . 1 am informed by Sir John Franklin's nearest conned ions, that ho placed much reliance on Wellington inlet. . . It ought to be minutely examined, and Iniced to its head, as far as the ice will jji'rmit with safety." Col. Sabine (.laiuiary Dth, ISI!)):— "//' Franklin has taken the south-westerly rout(' afti'i- passing through the Strait (Barrow's), and has persevered in that course, we shall either hear of him on the side of Behring's Strait, or either l{oss or liichardson will surely conio (i|ion his traces. . . Cii-cumstaiu'i's may be ditlereut, however, if, failing in the south-west, be ri'turned, . . to make trial of AV'el- liiigton C'hainiel. . . if that channel be, as it appeared tome, a continuation of tlu> lieej) and open sea which we found in Barrow's Sti-ait, and if "t conduct into an o[)en si'a, . . it may be far more dillicult to determine the direction which Franklin may have taken, or to conjecture, otherwise than on the spot, the most eligible course hy which lie may be followed, it is to this ([uarter, therefore, that one's thoughts are naturally directed. . . Supposing that there should a,)pear to be no probability that I'Vanklin has taken that direction (Wellington C'hainiel), they might authori/o . . him to examine the S(mnds at the head of iJallln's J>ay. . . It was I'ranklin's declared intention, if he failed in erne channel to attempt another, anil not to desist, if possible, till he had tried all. . . The search of the sounds referred to, even if unsuccessful, in the absence of mori^ promising traces elsewhere, would be satisfactory." C'apt. Sir Fxlward JJelclier (January Sth, 181!)): — "It appears very clear to my mind, that Sir John J'rankliu could not have adopted till! opening to the south-west of ^Melville Island, for two reasons; lirst, because he would 'lave fallen in with Es([uimanx, who seem to abound about lat. 70^ or 72°; secondly, from the tenor of the ii'inarks of Capt. Parry, . . it is not probable that he would lie able to penetrate the frozen barrier there noticed. . . if Sir John l-'raiiklin has met with the dUliculty noticed in the voyage of i'arr\ in ls[;), he will of necessilv have souL,dit for a more northern I'lule. . . And if he succeeded, 1 think tliat Ihi' iirobabjlities are I ■ I I'l.ANS dl' SKAUCll I'UU Silt .lUlIN FItANKLI.V. li 1 in tUvoui of liis sairty until ho roai-hcd tlii" Arftic Circk' ; there he wiiiihl he rechicc'd to the neeoHsity of follo\vir„' any open channels wliieh otferi'd southerly, and they may liave h'd lurn to tlio northward of Asia, whence 1 liuvo some slight suspicion that he will eventually emerge." Tliese opinions, it will ho seen, are all founded on th(> word " if;" all on the assumption of failure to the south and west from Cape Walker, and we might so dismiss them ; hut we cannot, without re- marking the little mention that is made of the direction iu which tlie l''ranklin Expedition was really sent. ISir (ieorge Hack is particularly in favour of exploring the northern |)assage from Earrow's Strait; wo would he had given his reasous. L'apt. JJeechey feelingly descrihes how the search should be con- ducted, and names AVellingtcm Channel; hut it would seem, only from what he has heard of the stress laid upon it hy Kranl<]in him- self. We cannot conceive Franklin as likely to have been very greatly iniluenced by the Wellington Channel route. There is little doubt he was consulted in the drawing up of his own Instructions ; and had he givi-n that channel a preference, ho would have made it the prinuuy object of his Instructions, and JNIelville Sound the secoiulary point for the solution of the tiuestion. Melville Sound was made primary, and this is the best proof that Wellington Chaimel did v.oi possess that paramount inllui'iico over i'ranklinit is said to have done. lycL any one consult Parry's chart (lsl!)-l>0), and he will soon be convinced which oll'ei'ed the more favourable prosj)ect "for the Pas- sage," — Wi'llington Channel, icitliuiit ihjbied limits, or the limited area of Jlclcillc ISotnid :—]iO may have !?poken of it casually, but no- thing more. C(donel Sabine takes a genera! view of the tenor of Franklin's In- structions, but ho betrays an evident bias iu favour of the northern passages. AN'^hy his thoughts should be "naturally" directed to the Wellington Channel wo cannot conceive ; we should rather have thought they wcmld have been more naturally (///rc/«/ fu Capo Widker (did the wnth-wcfit, until inju/'matioii had liccn received tliut Franldiib had (tlto/jetJier failed in that quarter. JJut Tranklin's "declared in- tentions," and "the groat Sound at the head of Halllu's Jiay," exert :i superlative influence over him ; and they must be searched prior to the direction iu which tlu' Fr;uikliu Expedition was ordered. Sir Etluard Belcher givi's two reasons for thinking Sir John l''rauklin •'could not have ailojjted the o])ening south-west of JNlelvilli- Island" (/. c., between il and Banks' Laud); we can give vnv. more I.tl-l.T. SHKlhVUI) OSUURXE — (HJVKUNMKNT i:r.\V\I!l> lltTf hi' •haimols irlhward cutuiiUy Dtn Cape hunt rc- ,liicl\ tlu' northeru aaous. [ 1)0 I'OU- vm, only kliu hiui- oi'u vory •0 id littU' iousJ ; ami idc it the SL'Ouiulary A'as iiiiulc 1 dill not avi' done. ;v have l(> ll'tiJkrr yFrankVui ?larod iii- ," exort |l prior to Sir John J^lelvillo iini.' niori' coornt than boih. Hv Sod ion 0th he iti cdiilioiii'd not to tio lln'r<\ hecnusr " il iroithl involve loss of lime,''' in rnnscf/nmrr of Ihr " niniMim/ wor/nl/ntfr and fippumi/Ij/ Jijrd si air of Ihr ice in llud direcHon ;'' which Sir Kdward soonis lo iiavo 1)Oon nwaro of, bnt nol tliat ino atlompt that way ■was ooiilraiy to his Instruotions. It was oontrary ; and thoreforo the necessity " tor a more nort horn mulo, in c()nso(|iiciico of failnre tlioro, falls to the lrirll\ to search the " WollinLiton Chanind anil its noiL;hboiirho()il," as '-Sir .b)hn Franklin attached very f^roat importance to that oponini,'. /« rr/.sv of liis fidlinrf . . lo Ihe soidlivnvd and wesla'cird.''' ^t'otwith- standinjij, \\v. presnnio to think tho search to tho .sotilliu'drd and ires/. vard shidild liave hern, lite Jirsf, aiu' so lo loring ()arty or parties as may, in the judgment of tho Admiralty, havo ren- * Seo Parliamentary rapevs*, Xo. 107, "Arctic Expc°. To our thiiikiiiLT, it had lieeii better to bavt; Ljiveii a eopy of .Sir .loliii FraiikHi.'s lustruetioiis, and hd't tiieir interpretation to tliose scekiin; the rewards. Dr. R. M'Corniiek, JMS'.,* l)y a letter addressed to the A(hnirally (dated April 2 Ith, J S 19), oU'ered a phm \'oy a boat e\pediti(in, ami volnnieered to conduct it. 'I'his |)]an is inuiHh'd on the report I'd *' intentions" expressed in t'ohmel Sabine's letter, Mai'ch olli, Is 17: "It was Sir.Iohn Franklin's intention, if ioileil at one |)oiiit, tt) try in succession all the ])robablc opeiiinii;s into a more na\i\'able part ol' the Tolar Sea." lie su^ij;e.sts, '' that Jones' and Smith's Sounds, al the head of iJall'm's JJay, should be earefully examined, . . but more especially the former, it beinjj; the first o|)enimj; north oi" the entrance to Lancaster Sound." AVo have alreaily ventured an opinion on the plans of search by the nortli, "from jMelville Islaiul in tlu^ west to the ji;reat Souml al the liead of liaHiu's Hay in the east." At this period there was no jj^ound for thinkinj; that .Franklin would attempt "the l'assaL,'e " by the north ; ho was ordered to the south-west. Had he been shut out from Harrow's Strait, and eonsecpiently, i'rom the com])letioii of the first part of his instructions, it would have been made known to us by cairns, flag-staves, &c., at the entrance of Lancaster Souml. W'e should have found notice, too, giving his ri'asons for adopting a lU'w course more to the northward, Jn the absence of these, surely it had been wiser to have followed Franklin where we sent him, and set at i-est the question whether he liad reached Cape AV'alker or not. ]Jy doing so, much confusion of ideas and trouble and hardship would have been avoided. Jt will be seen here, that the very mention of " intentions," other than those conveyed in the Instructions given to Franklin, is already producing a tendency to fatal error, distracting and drawing attiMition aside from the original objects of the plan and voyage of ISio. AVe see it developing itself in our respected friend. Dr. M'CormicIc : intelligent, active, and enterprising, capable* of any endurance, gov(>rned by an enthusiasm in the holy caiise that knows no limits, yet, under the * Stv Parlianiontiirv I'npoi-:;, So. 107, "Antic Kxpodition, IS,"!),"' p. 121. '^ i \ li y llii'ir >()()thi:i. i St rail, sounds ,al. 7.V. ii- .loliii scekiu!^ Imirallv ion, iiiul rcpoi'trd 1S17:— U)try ill > part III )Uinls, al . 1)111, \\ of llu; ehliyilii' ml 111 tilt' was 11" ia,i;e" I IV shut (iiil 11 of tlu' wii io us lul. AVi' lU^ij; a lu'w followed lu'tlior ho ifusiou of It will W Kill those irodufiiiL; 1 aside ,Vo see it itelli,iz;eiil. lied by an mder the ;i SIR JOHN IIK'IIAUDSDN — SIR JOHN ROSS. !).'> iiifluenee of souiidiii£» authority, ho porniits his judpinoiittoho waqied. Mild otl'ers to atleinpt an iinpossihiiity — tlu; e.xaiiiiiialinu of .l()U(>s' and Smith's Sounds in one season— volunteefint,', in short, to neiiltvi- li/,e his hest feeiinsjjs and his hri^hti'st hopes, and j)erliaps sac'iliee his life. Il(»\v ean we ])laee a limit to tiiiio for the exaininalloii of pai'ts whose limits we know not of i' In .luly, intelli<:jonee was reeeived from Sir .loliii Hiehardson, that Ihat devoted friend and eoinpaiiion of Sir .lolm l''ranklin had, durin<4 the suiiim(M' of iSlS, under mueli diliiculty (fVoiii the early settinij; in of the winter) exannned the Aretie shores nf America, between the Maekenzic! and Coppermine K'ivei's. without diseov(M'ini^ any tra( f the missinu; expedition, lit! says, in his IJeport to the Admiralty, dated from (Jreal l>t>ar r>ak(>, IC.th Sej "inber. ISjS:*— " I slinii en- deavour to make arrangements for seiidint,' .Mr. Hae, with one hoa' and a select eri^w of active men, down the Coppermine next ,)uly, tn examine the opening between Victoria and W'nllastoii liands. Th(> llooil tide, which, at full ami chan'j;e. runs in l)ol])liiii and Inion Straits at the rate of three knots an hour, comes from the easlwani out of (^oronation (iiilf, and must How ])rimarily down the openiiiL; i have mentioned, or by the one between Victoria Ijand and IJnolhia, lieiug the only two eommunieations between Coronalion (iulf and Lancaster Sound and its continuation. On this account, and alxi for tli(^ purpose of aidinuj a ])arty which Sir James Jloss ])r<)posed to st'ud towards the Coppei'uiine over the ieo, Mr. Rae's exp(>dition may he useful." 1'here cannot be a question as to the jiisiiK^ss of these remarks. They are, it is true, Ibundt'il oidy on observation in a cii-- cumscribed area, very litth; known, but their reas«mableness is obvious. (Sir John Jioss (1st September, 1815)) renewed his oilers of sei-- vice, with plans. The L'tter is addressed to Sir l''raneis iJariuL;-. JJart., Admiralty. t These plans refer principally to the class of vessels desirable to .luploy. Davis' Strait and Jiancaster Sound are incidentally men- ti(jned, but no detailed plan of search is L,nven. lie repeated his oilers (27th November, iSli)), but still without any decided plan. Tliese letters abound in Hat contradiction of the opinions of otluM's : altoifether, they bi'tray a morbid leelim,' which ill accords with the distressing nature of the subject. A\'e care not to perj)etuate them here. * Pavli-iinpiifarv I'mjiovs, "N'o. 107, "Arotio Kxpodition,"' i>|i. 1 11 t fhid., No. 107, "Arctic Kxiicditioii, 1X50," jip. 11112. 'ii F f 'itl " 00 SK.VUCll Kill Sill .(1)11 N JKANKMV. '' '\ w> III Octohcr lliis yt'iu' iiilnisc iutcrcsl wiis cNcit.'d h\ llir rciiort :iiiil skclcli dl' Iniir sliips hitm IVd/.cii in tlic ice, (ilMiiiiicil tVoiii an I'sijni miiii\ at l*(iii(l's I5a_v, and hroii'^lil lioiiic In I lie iiiaHlt'" nl" t lie TrKc/orr wlialtT.* " It appears the rVz/r/^?/;? and otlicrv liuk'rs yot iiiti) I'diid's May. . . . liiiiiHMliati'ly tln'y roaclu-d thai placo tuniw of ilu; natives went on Ixiard, and witlinut (picslioiiiiiL; tlic man drcwilu^ si\('tcli, and by si<4ns and in wurds in his own hnij^naLjo, niuU'rslndil by the masters of tlie \vhah.TS, Htat(>d that two of the sliips had been fro/en up for four years on tlie west si(h' of i'rinco I{ejj;ent's lidel. and that tlu; othi-r two liad been frozen up on the cast si(h> for one year; tliat the two ships whicli had been tliere the hmijjest had tried to fj;et beyond t'a[)e llenneli, but not lieintj able hadeoiiu' into I'rinee liei-, published in tiie "Journal of tlie l{oyal Geographical Society, 18."(»," vul. xxvi., p. 2(). J See Parliamcutary Paper?, No. 107, " Arctic l-A-pciUtion, IS5(>,'' IT- 'jS-CII. M m^ii YOVAOK OK Silt .l\.\IKS riOSS. 07 lorl :inil \ KM»liii- I I'ond's . of ilii; ll'CW tlld (llM'Stddll md lu'i'i) 's Inlet. > for one luid tried () I'rince ip whu'e ; slnps in ellorts of Sir John Richardson's party; but J fi'lt fully per- suaded that Sir .John Franldin's ships must have prnclralcd an fur hri/ond JMolvilh^ Island, as to iuduco liini to profi-r making '^^n' the coast of America, rather than seokine; assistance" from '' MaHin's Fiay." They ^'ot clear of Leopold llarlxtur on Aui^ust 'Jsth, and ondeavoiired to ^'ct to tho westward, but wen! beset and iVozcii in (Mi Sept. 1st, and drifted with tho ice to tho eastward, until abreast nf Pond's IJay, when thoy woro niiracnlonsly liberated, and returned to l"ini,'land. Thus ended tho od'orts of tho first searchiiiu; oxpoilition sent to asc(>rtain tlu^ wheroaboiits and to relievo oui' unfortunate covmtrymon, and upon whoso successful otl'orts so much fond hope roliod. Wo have often regretted that, notwith.standiug tho '•huiii- inocky " nature of tho ice — but being fast — an attempt was not made to cross it to Cape Walker, instead of going south, as it would ha\e saved much precious time. Had Franklin gone down Peel's Sound, ho Avould have left notice of his having done so on tho headlands at the entrance of that Sound, probably on its eastern side, but certainly on its western. Again, bad he in going down it met with disaster, he would have discovonMl and crossed the narrow isthmus described hy Sir James lioss, and have repaired to I'ury Beach ; ])ut no traces being found at tin; latter, was proof that if he did go down Peel's Sound, no mishap had befallen him in his passage. And no traces being found on its eastern side, was good evidence that he did not attempt a passage that way at all. StiU, as they might have passtnl down it on its western side, not crossing to Cape AV'alker to set this matter at rest, left tho course aiul position of tho Franklin Expedition as uncertain as ever. Mention is made of "tho western sea," west of Cresswell aiul Brentford Bays (?) and yet no notice is taken of tlie lands formiiii:i; the western coast of Peel's Sound. Tliey must have boon visible 'If 1 j ^^JUu lUlf'i' 'I sill JitllN UK II AllllSUN. \)\) BcvcrnI iurri)wV il)iusiiii, |)rt (Hiulil vt'i^it'iis, ,- cent nil uUy pcr- ■(/ ,inl i/,cii In nil iibreast of tlUMR'd til L-xpetliliitn nt'orluuiili' ^roiid hope le '•lium- IKlt lIUllU' ould lui\f •Vs Smiud, iuUands at t cL'i'taiuly Tisaistt'r, lu' [scribed by no li'ai.''.'s Ijwu I'oels no traces lie did not ave passi.'il I to sei this JExpcdition Isswell ami lis ibrmini:! ;0," pp. 1 — ^. U -J m M; i '; i« lull I'l.W.S Of SKAltCll lOI! Sl|{ JOHN I'HANUI.IN It will bf seen that Sir .lohn ]vic!i:ir(lsuirs views liavo untltTj^oiio ii.» ehanii;!' ; nl'ter soiiu* very valuable (iljscrvatioiiH on tlio aiuouiit dl' aiiimai lli'e in and about that rci^ion, and the dm-atioii of Fraiddin's provisions, and Riviiii; the example of J)r. Ihw whj supported apart) throujj;h a severe winter at Repulse Bay, he says, '• Sueh instances forbid us to los(> hope ; " and alludintj to the necessity of abandonini; his ships, "they would endeavour 1o make their way r/i.s/irard lo Ijiii- raster Soiimf, or snulhirard io the mainland, accordinu; to the longi- tude iu which the sh.ips were arrested." A|:;ain he adds, ''it is thought by some, whoso opinion 1 highly valu(>, that the discover) slups may have penetrated to the westward in so high a latitude, as not to come within sight of the mainland ;" he therefore suu;gests "the examination of the western coasts of Hanks' Fjand and the Tai'ry Islands; but as this would n^juire a ship expedition by way of Mehring's Straits," he leaves the discussion of its jiraeticability to the " ollieers who havi» navigated the northern sens," w isely coidinin^ bis attcMition to the direction in which the ships had been sent, ami not by a s])ecios of wild errantry, with reason or without, seek here, there, overywlier(\ His memorandum to Dr. Eiie is replet(>with sound sense; aftei' stating his views (already given) as to tlu> probable existence of a .strait Iietween N'ictoria and W'ollaston hands, and the nect>ssity for its being searched, as being in the direction from which Sir .loliii [•'ranklin might be expected to emerg»\ and also as being in conuectidii with Sir .lames Ross's ['.ai'ties from ^ielville Island and 1)anks,' Land, he is directed to explore this su])posed strait, and, if possible, tn pursue his researches on to Baidis' Laud. It was now very important that the search should be made to tlu> north-east, towards (Vqic Walker, througli that blank formeil by Cape AV'alker on the north- east. Ranks' Land north-wtarch of him from the north. The necessity was seen, and thus provided for. Dr. lva(> was, too, to appropriate the sununer of IS'jO, if m>ccssary. This important task could nul have been entrusted to a more ellleient oillcer, as will be sei-n in the seipu'l. Another expedition was now propositi by the bydrographer. Sir I'mncis Beaufort, by the way of Behring's Strait. The design \va> ^ ^li SlU rilAXCIH UKAUFORT — SIR F.DW.VUI) I'AUUV. 101 .::j| ;ono ii<» )uut <'!' inlvlin's a party ist unci's inldiiini:! to l.dii- (> louij;i- , '-It is lisoovory iliuli', as }9ts"11u- lu« VaiTv • way nl' Itylo tlic (•ouiiiuii!; sent, anil fiiH'U lu-ri', nso; after loncf of a cossity foi' Sir .Vol If, •ouui'ctloii ks' 1/auil, issiblc, tn important irds (.'ape he nortli , and Vic- inatod the ssa^v, anil It, woulil. |r, and Sir .^ noi'ossiiy pprnpviati' cuuld n'lt liH'U in till' ■apliov. Sir |ilfsit!;n wa- ll) i^A to tlio nortluvard and round Point Barrow, and from tluMicf fjtrflorly, to L'lidoavour to reach tli<^ west side of IJaidis' [iundand ^lel- \ille Jslaml. It was supposed that Franklin, havinij; got to the west- ward of Melville [sland, was there loeki d up in the iee. The report, of the hydroij;rapher, conveyini^ his reasons for comiiiLC to this con- clusion, and the oj)inions of the vai'ious distini];uished Arctic oHic(>rs upon it, cainiot be otlu'rwise than interestinii; at this pi'riod of the si'arch for our missinu; count rynum. The hydrographer, in his rt'port* (21tli >«'oveMd)er, isl!)), [)roposing this expedition to Behring's Htrail, opiMis tiu^ subject by observing, " There arc four ways only in which it is likely the Ercbiin and Terror would have bt'i'U lost, — by lire, by sunken rocks, by^ storm, or by being crushed;" and after arguing and dismissing I'uch as improbable, lie says, '• the point V. here they now are is the great matter for consideration. . . . Their orders would have carried them towards 31elville Islaiul, iunXlheii out to the tccstirard, ichrrc it is, therefore, probable that they are entaii- gli'd amongst the islands and ice. I'or should they liave been arrested at sonu' intermediate place, for instance. Cape AValker, or at one of ihe northern chain of ishuuls, they would nndoubtt'dly, in the course of th(> three following years, have contrivetl to send some notices of their position to the shores of North Somerset or of Barrow's Strait, if they had reached much to the southward of Banks' Land, they would have communicated with the tribes on the Mackenzie River ; and if, failing to get to the westward and southward, they had returned, with the intention of jienet rating through AVellingtou Chainiel, they would surely have detached parties .... towards liarrow's Strait, in ordi'r to have deposiiiHl statenicuts of their inten- tions. The general conclusion, therefore, riMuains, that they are still locked in the archipelago to the westward of Melville Island." After alluding to the alternating nature of the weather between the opposite >ides of North America, the report concludes : — " An attenrpt shoidd now be made by Behring's Strait, in the direction of ^lelville Island." Sir Edward I'arry ('""nd December, ISlOf) s^ays, "AVith respect to the place in which these ships have been di'tained, we have no data ou which tofotuul any satisfactory conjecturi' beyond the fact, that in the attein[)t to get westward, . . . they have been too far removed from the contiuent of .America to reiuK'r a communication ])ractii'able ; . . . but it seems to nie likely that the ships have bei'n ])ushing * 8(r i'arliatiKiitaiT ^apc^:^, IS'o. 107, " Airtio ICxiuilitiou, ISut','' V- 71. ■<■ Ibid., \). 75. <'ii: i^PIIPPPavspawPB^iH^ •v ! 1 I* i; ! I! I i T lOi I'l.ANS Ul' SKAUCH t'OR SlU JUUX KKA.NKMN. . . . ill the direction of Jichriug's btrtiit, auci art' iletaint'd sonie- wliere inthe if^;«cesouth-westnard()f Baii";9' Land. . . . [Should . . . they have been unsuccessful in that direction, they may have attempted to proceed to the uorthwanl, either through AVellington Channel, or . some other of the openings among the same group of islands. I do not myself attach run/ superior importance to If'et- linf/toii Clinnnrl as regards the North-AVest Passage, but I understand that 8ir John Franklin did, and that he strongly expressed to Lord Haddington his intention of attempting that route, if he should fail in ellecting the more direct passage to the westward. . Lnder these circumstances, which . . . aiuonnt to no more than men^ conjecture, it seems to me expedient still to })rosecute the search in both directions, namely, by JJehring's Strait (to which 1 look with the strongest hope), and also by Barrow's Strait. . . . In the latter direction, the diliiculties with wiiicii Sir James Koss liad to contend have, in reality, left us with very little more information than before he left England; and I cainiot contemplate, without serious apprehension, leaving that opening without still further search, . . . in case of the missing crews liaving fallen back to the eastern coast of North Somerset, where they would naturally look for supplies, in addition ... to those left by the Fun/.'' Sir James Koss* {JJOth ^'ovember, iNli)): — ''With resj)ect to the probable position of Uio I'Jrt'husiiwA Terror, I consider it is hardly possible they can be any- where to the eastward of 3Iilvilli> Island, or within 800 miles of Leo])old Island ; for if that wei'e the case, they would . . . have made their way to that point, Avith the hojie of receiving assistanco from tlic whale ships. . . . It is ])robable, therefore, that during their iirst summer, which was remarkably favoui'able for navigation in those seas, they have l)eeu enabled (in obedience to their orders) to push tiio ships to the westward of Banks' Land, and liave there become involved in the he:ivy pack of ice, which was observed from Melville Island always to In- setting past its Avesternmost point in a south-east tliivction, and from wliich pack they may not have been able to extricate their ships. . . . From such a position, retreat to the eastward would be lu-xt to im[)ossible; whilst the jcmrney to th(> ^fackcn/ie liiver of comparatively easy accomplishment. . . . If this be assumed as the ])resent position oi the Erebus and Terror. it would manifestly be far more easy and safe to aflbrd them relict by means . . . of liehring's Strait than any other direction." "• Parliamonliin- Papcir, ^o. 107, "Arctic ExpcliUon, 1S50," p 77. V i C.VI'TAIN UKECHKV — SIU (>, HACK — Sill J. UlCU A HDaoN. 103 I sonie- Icl . . . ;emptud lUK'l, or islands. to Wei- lerstaml to Lord ould I'iiil Uudor an incro leavch in ook with In the i had to tion than t serious ■ch, . . . ern eoast pplies, in L's Koss* osition of ,11 be anv- miles ol" have issistaiu'o at durinp iivigation orders) ve then- ved t'roiii int in a ive been w, retreat )urney to d Trrror. lem relict :'tion. 77. ir Ca])lain (the hite lamented Admiral) Beechey (1st December, is I!)*) agrees with .Sir Francis ik'aulbrt as regards '"any casualties which Sir John's Franklin's ships may have sustained, . . . and entirely agrecfi with liim and Sir Edward Parry that the expedition is pnihahly haiiiperi'd amoiig.st the ice somewhere to the south-v estward of .Melville J land." He urges "every possible method of relief," by " liarrow s Si'-ait, Jiehriug's Strait, and the northern coast of America." He says, " Harrow's Strait should be visited in the ensuing summer." Sir (jeorge JJack (1st December, ISlDf) agrees "with Sir Francis Beaufort iu liis general conclusion, that the ships are still locked up in tlie arcliipclago to the westward, . . . or I should rather say, iu the neigld)oiu'hood . . . of Melville Island. ... It be- comes of the iirst im])ortaiice to get at that locality." Sir George '• rejects all and every idea of any attempt on the part of Sir Jolm I'rankiiu to send boats or detachments over the ice to any point of tlie mainland eastward of the JMackenzie Eiver ; because (lie observes) I can say, from experience, that no toil-worn and exhausted party could have thi' least cliaiice of existence by going there." lie seems to think sending "two other ships" to Jiehring's Strait "super- Ikious." lie continues: — "If open water shoidd have allowed Sir John Franklin to have resorted to his boats, , . . he would make tor either the JMackenzie Itiver, or, which is far more likely, iVom the almost certainty he must have felt of finding provisions, Cape Clarence and .Fury Point. . . . Finally, believing, Avith Sir Francis jJeaufort, that the coast about Melville Island, including the south-west direction from Cape AValker and Wellington Channel, as well as the two points already mentioned, to be the most probable ])laces of lindiug. or at least ascertaining beyond conjecture the fate of the ex[)edition," he concludes by proposing that the JRntcrprise and Inveslujalor should be despatched in that direction in March next. Sir John Ilichardson, 1st December, 1849: J — "It seems to me vciy desirable that the westei'n shores . . . of Parry's Islands should be searched in a high latitude, in the maimer proposed by the liydrogra])lier. If the ])roposed expedition succeeds in establishing its w inter (juarters among these islands, pai'ties detached over the ice may travel to the eastward and nonlh-castivanl, so as to cross the line fif search which it is hoped ]\lr. Ilae has been able to pursue in the ^ Piirliamcntary I'apci-s, No. 107, " Arctic Expedition, 1850," p. 80. t Ihid. I J bid., p. 81, wn 'If !1, s j. 104 J'i-A.N!J Of S1;aU1.11 I oh si it lOllN l'l£A>'KLIN. i| i J ■ ' ■ : . |l>^ present suiiiiikt, and thus lo dctunnine wlicthor any traces of the missing s^liips exist in boalities tlie most remote from Hehring's iStrait and liiineaster Sound, and from -whenee aliii)\vreekod crews woidd find the greatest dilliculty in travelling to any place -where they could hope to find relief." In otfering some gcmeral remarks on tlie report of the hydrograplier, and the opinions of the pre-namcd Arctic tjllici-rs thereon, we would draw attention to the unanimity of their Aiews as to tlie general Avesterly direction in which the I'Vauklin I'^xpedilion should be sought for. Allusion is made to the passages between the northern chain of islamls (Parry's) and to Wellingtcm Channel, but only in a secondary sense, that is, in case of the expedition '• failiii;; to get to the soiilh- iranl (iml wrtitwayd.'" All of them, in assuming I'ranklin to have abaiuloned his shi|)s, " and seeking supplies" and safety, refer to Port Leopold and iMuy l?each on the east, or to the jVIackenzie River, or between it and Behring's Strait in the west; in all these coiu-lusions acting obviously undi'r a tliorough knowledge" and just sense of the plan of Sir John .Barrow, and the Instructions founded upon it. But while admitting this, it must be ouserved the proposition and the opinions upon it diil'er very materially. TIk^ hydrograplier co)i- eludes, that because tlu>v have not been heard of in Barrow's Strait, on the shores of jS'orth St»uu'rset, or en the Mackenzie River, hence they nnist be to the westward of jNIelvilie Island, and yet does not suggest iiow tlH>y got there. This conclusion is hypothetical. Sir Edward Barry thiidis, Avith reason, they may l>e detained some- where soutli-wt>st of I5auks' liaud, but admits it is conjectural, lie rejects the WelHngton Channel; still would liavi? both directions si'arched, that is, bv the east and west. Sir James Koss thinks it iiardly ])Ossible tiiat liie sliips can be to the eastward of IMelville Island, or we should iiavi" heard of them through tl\e whalers at liegent's inlet; but that, in obedience to their ord(M's, they pushed " to Avestward of Banks' Lund," and are " involved" in the soutli-east drift h(> mentions as observed to be setting ])ast tlu» westernmost point of Aiclville Island. This apparent south-east drift would have set the ships into jVlelville Sound, or on to Banks' Land. Sir James has already referred to this easterly drift, of the ice,* and the inevitable embarrassments cousecpient to the Franklin Expedition, if caught within its iniluence. Of the fact of *' St'c his Rc]ily to iJr. King's Plan, iVliamcntarj Papers, .No. 2Gt, "Aivli'. .Fxpotliiioii," p. 15. CiVl'T.VIN" BKKCIIKV — SIU JIKOUUK HACK. U),' :iu lie to lot' Ihoiii ieiK't^ to IjuuI iirr ;(1 io In- ipparont Id, or on irly Mil to tho I'act of tills drift tluTc was no doubt; but in it do we not llnd one of tlio most powerful ai'i^uinonls tliai could be adduced in Hup|)orl of a tlio- r(Ui;,di I'xaininaf ion of Melville Sound, that blank wliieli tlie FranUliii ^ ivxpedition was dir/cted to ex|)lore, witli the bo])e of tiiidiui^ ^Yif liiii H it a passage to the westward? How is it that no on(> has reeoni- inended specidUi/ the search of Melville Sound? Jlowevi'r. upon this assumed position be argues ;- -retreat from it to the eastward is •lext to iin|)ossible, and thereibn; looks to the 31acl Parry archi- pelago should be searched iu a high latitude, but that the partic; should bn sent in (in east and sont/i-eant direction, crossin;/ the line of search of Dr. liae. lie obviouslv^ looks to Melville Souutl and its vicinity, a direction ])erfectly iu accortlaiiC(> with J''ranklin's fnstriu'- tions. The Jnrijc /(v'.v///7i7 assigned to the ex[)editi(>n is easily acctumted tor, when we consider the known euergv and daring of Sir John yi II :£i I ' !• iM; lOU I'l.WS (II NI.VHCIl lOIC MK .l(ill., :iii(l tlic ciil ire wiiiit. ul' iiilclli^ciicf or Iract's to till- cMst wjird ill Hmitou's Slniil. lint how iliil lie |j;<'t. lo llio wt-st- Wiii'il ol" Melville Isl.'iinl. I li;it a se;ireliiiii!; e\|)eililioii should look lor him ill (h.'it direction? It eoiild oiilv !•(• hv lln' north: we li:id no |)niol' of this ;ill \\;is eon jeet lire wc hiid not heiii eniihled even to !isrert,'iin the lirst laet. whether he li.'id reiiehed Cnpe NViiiker (or its nieridiiin) ; or, h.ivint; renelied there, whetlier h(> liiid t;;one to the soiitiiward or the westward. 'This should have heeii lirst deteriiiiiied. It will have ht>en observed that two of tlie /Xretie authorities ;^i\e the |)r(>lereiK'e to the search l)\ Harrow's rather than Hehrini^'s Straits, 'rh(> supposition that he liad attempted the route of the Willini^lon ChaTiuel, l)(>t'ore this was ascertained, was altogether alisiird ; out. of the ipiestion in a reasonahle point ot'\iew. ami ipiile at variance with the Instructions. Tlicri^ is yet one ol)S(>rvatioii : it is siiiL,Milar thai while the advo- cates tor the Hi>hrini;"s Strait Expedition lunc speculated more or less on the Aveslern limits ot" Melville Island and Hanks' I/and, with- out knowing tlieir extent westward, no one has ventured to »>xpress any o|)iniou ot'the iiorllirni /iiiiifn of I'irforin t>r Wollnsloii L(iihIk, or till' raster)! rxlrt'iiw of lutiiks /.f///*/, except iui; Sir John Kichardsou: 1>(\ seeking lor the oris^iii ot" the llood lid(> known to come I'roiu [\\v eastward, down l)ol|)liin and I'liion Straits, imanines a passai,'e to exist luMweeii Wollastoii and \ ictori;; liands. Now. lookintj; at/ the (uisition ot' Melville or I'arrvs Sound, l)(>tw«'eii Cape Walker and Ranks' liaiid. it would seem naliiral that its soutluMMi limits should 1iavt> drawn iiiqidri/, and W(> thi".k, kIioiiIiI /nirr hml iiKirh'nl nttnttioii .• but no. it is shuniu'd : this is much to he re<:;retltMl, as within that dc(>piy importaul space ev.T has and will be centred all our tlioufj;hts and hopes ot' the toils, the darinj;, the enter|)rise, and the safety, of the l"'rankliu I'Apeiliticni. To return: in the end it was resolved liy tli(> .Admiralty 1<> send an exptvlitiou 1o l?elirinij;'s Strait; from thence eastward to .Hanlvs' Laud and IMelville Island; iu reality to make a north-east passage from HehriiJi^'s Strait. Hy this route itwiis liop(>d llie lou^ abstml iiavii^alors would be met, ir/irt/irr i/,ri/ hail made ijood a pa/iS(/i/r from Capo Walker to the soiit/i-ire.st, or linviiu) ffitiiied Inrr/e irrsterii lonifititde />// the north of Melville Island, had eonie down to the iresttrard of it ; so far, it teas i/ood. ISti). -The socrolary of the Admirally, in a letter to the sccrelarv of the Hudson's Bay roiu]iany, datetl Dec. 22nd, IS U),* in ii^norance * riivliamontnry rnpoi-.-', No. 107, " Aivtii- Expedition, 1818," pp. 1 1-7 >■/ .'):(. silt (iDOItdi; NIMI'SO.N MU. JOHN (•IIIIISKU'lll-.US, l(>7 tnoranct' IV ft u:i. i III' the |Miiiit wliirli Di-. |{ii(' iiiny litivr iittaiiKMl IiihI siimiiikt, "iimiI nl' the iiit'Miis li(> iii.'iv Vft Imvf Icl'l lit his fdiiiiimiid, il. is diHiciill In s;iy l(t wli.'il. sprciiil jxiiiils it would be wise t,o dirccl Dr. Umc'h vvcll-kiinwii cni'i'i^'y. Ljcm'niiis disposil ion d!' Ilic Hudson's U.-iy ('om|iiiiiy. Il would, no (loii!)|, Im< most dcsiriililo tliai Dr. Kmc sliould ii^aiii jirocccd to the northward of \ ict.oriji Ishind (lijind); iiiid thoui,di Njirviiiu; liis rouli', yet always rnd('a\()uriiii^ to iip|iro!i('li Uauks' Ijaiid .'iiid Melville isliind; hut. my l/ords coiiHidcr that, thosarrst, and surest. Iliiiii:; that cim he done is to re(|uesl the Hudson's Hay ('oiii|tany to authori/.e him to do the nliiiosl. th;it. he ciin :ieeom|)lish wit,< siil'ety to liiiiiselt' . 1(1 further the fri.,.;i(, (ibjccl. in view; and to let. him lie t^'iiided liy his own experience ."iiid judL^nneul . . D' all further ell'orts jinoat nre heyond his reneh, then the exjiedit ion proposed to the westward of the iM;icken/ie Kiver, and the estahlishiiienl/ of ii lomiiuinitralioii with the ItusKians nnd the l')sipiimau\, would he well worth any expense attending it. . Their Ijordships therefon? rc- •piesf that the . Miidsoirs May Company will ;^dve the re(pii- sito orders, and the (Jovernment will pay the necessary expense" incnrreil." 'I'he necessary onh-rs were forwarded to Sir (ieorf^e Simpson, Dec. 'J^lh, ISM», and a letter was also written to the (iovernor of the U'ussian .American colonies at SitUa, reipiestin^' his co-operat ion. Sir (l<'ori;e Simpson (.lamiary 21st, lsr»()), ^ivint,' instructions to |)i'. Uae, sayf-, " Vou will ohserve that the o])inion in Miif^land appears to he that our (>x|)lorati()nH oii^ht to bo more particularly direitted \(> that portion of the northern hch lyin^^ between T'c/yu; iVdlkfr on I he riiKf, Mc/i'i//li," p. 133. IDS l'I,\NS Ol' SK.VllC'lI ruK silt JOHN lU.VXKl.l.N. !l ii !! H uciir Icy Ciipc is only ahmit loO gcugrapliical iniles*, 1 respcetl'ully sugijcst, llial the JCii/crpriso ami Jiiveti(it/(t/or alioulil go to Mel- villo Island," and if .Sir John Fraukliu's ships be not fiiuiul there, ho reooinnicmls his mode lor searchini,' by travelling,' parties; this gentle- uian looks to liie sonth and west, the true direction. Captain Wni. I'einiy, well known for his exfjerienee actpiired over twenty-eight years of service in the northern whale fishery, at this Sir John FrankJin hats taken iliat routed AVe do not agree with him that " Sir John Franklin may have gone in i^evei-al other directions," nor with this conclusion, "for one seems just as probable as another." These assertions go to prove nothing as to till' course the I'xpi-dition pursued ; but they do rather prove the erroneous opinions entertained at the time. Here is another instance of the (Troi's that may and do arise from unrestrained thouglit. If Captain I'enny had read tlu> only fact we had for our guidance, ?'. r., if he had read with attention and without prejudice the Instruc- tions given to Sir J(jhn I'Vanklin, he never could reasonably bave imagined that he took a north-west course, luiless under the circum- stances pointed out by Section t), ■which left him no alternative but to take that directiim. IFis orders commanded him specially " not to sto[) to examine the openings north and south of bini," but "to push oil to Capo Walker, and from thence in a south-west direction." But if " arrested by iec of a permanent ai)pearance,^^ be had then the option ' rarliaincutarj faiicrs, Ao. t07, " Arctic Exiicclition, 1850," pp. 133-1. • I 'I CAl'T, I'KN'N^ — I'M'T. K KM. KIT. 101) (if fakliit^ llic Wt'lliiii,fti)U CliiiiiMrl rnutc. .Now we are bound to infer, I'mnkliii would iiuikf Ciipe WalktM- Ids lirs< pjvoiit object ; and in the ab.sene(> ol' all iiitelli;;jenee, we are (Mnially bound to eonclude that lie was sueccast'ul ; in short, we had not a particle ot'evideiici* to prove to the contrary, then why seek him in the norths We per- ceive Capt. I'enny mentions ("ape Walker as the last for examina- tion—why, it should have been the first. AVhy should the intent of the Instructions be thus inversed? The tendencies shown in this case, as in others already f^iven, prove that the ill-jud^eel ini|)ortance attached to the sounds and ])assaij;es north of Harrow's Strait l)y some of the Arctie authorities are accpiiring a widespread, and. we fear, a disastrous inlbience. That ('apt. J'enny possessed all the (pialiti- cations of a seaman ; that his experience was perfect as a commamler amid the perils of ice navij^atton, there is no doubt; that iiis motives and feelings were in the Immane cause, and liij^idy honourable to him, is not (piestioned ; still sometliing more than these were recpiired. With tlu» knowledu;e of the vexed (piestion, and jjarticularly the orii^iiuil ])lan of Sir .lohn Barrow, to daring and a love of ent(M'|)rise, a calm, cool judgment was reipiired, uhero el)idlition of feeling and visionaiy conclusions held no sway. The hydrograplier, in a memo- randum on this plan,* noticing "the daring but pi-udent coiuluct Mr. Penny is said to have evinced on many occasions, together with his large experience, . . gained during a whole life among the ice, . . thinks it would be wise to let loose his energy." Hut did it never occur to tliose, advising in these matters, that tiiis ])lan oll'ered but slight hope for giving relief to the missing expedition ? it, therefore might f\iil of Its object, and failhig, time would be lost, tinn; finite; and it lost, death to Franklin and his gallant ofllcors might, (>nsue. Cabn reason and sober trutb once left, we stray in endless error ! During this year (IS 10), the Bchring's Strait Expedition, Tlrrald and Plover, under the directicm of that excellent oflicer, Capt. ]lenry Kelk'tt, and his able second, Connnander Moore, b(>came com])letely organized. The Flover, a bad sailer, had not eflected a meeting with the Jlernld vmtil July loth, IS 1-0. Her voyage from England had been so protracted, that she was compelled to winter on the Asiatic side in a harbour since called Emma Harbour, near 1'chuts- Koi Xoss. Various were the offers of service during the year ; to blow up the 'I ! * Parliaiiientafy Papors, No. 107, " Arotio I'lsju-ilition, isjo, ' p. ]i51. I •''i'i 10 I'l V Ns til ^1 \ mil I oil .1 K .Kills I It \ S K M V Hi' !it li'ii nr lit'li'iMi nnlr< per ilii\ li\ Mr («. Slicpliiiil. (' I", . In i'\|iliin' lt\ iiii'iiiiM 111' liiilliniiiH, li\ l.inil tifiii', Xf ll wmilil Im> iiiilriic 111 s:i\ iIh' Ailmiriilh urn- iinl ;it lln< liim I'lill) iin|irt'ss('il Willi |li(« iin|iiirt;inr(> ol' siMiiliii!; imiiH'iJi.'iio rflii'l, il |iiiSHil)li>. Ill llu> \iiili!i|i|iv l''r;iiiklm .'iiiil liis iiiirnrliiiiiilp i'iiiii|»iiiiiniis , Mu'v XMM'c tloiiii^ nil tli.'il n rmul ciiimlrv, tiiiviniis I'lir iIm loiif^ nlisi'iil 80HH. cull 111 till ; JMil I 111' I'lHilliclinij ! Kit lire nf tlu' ;iil\ in- Irndcrril will. w.' li'Jlv. p('i'|)li'\. it'll lines iinl ciniroiiiul. tlirir Ih'mI iiitriil iumh. « ; I ■ 1 1^ ''■I V I :. : I. I II I Hill ii.-r. ii llnlis , llisflll .1 \mII. CIlAI'Ti:!;, VIJ M.U \\\U HMt HIT ACTIVK NKW I'l.WS: Nl'cOIIM rCK, H, OSIIOK N, .MHIN linsM, iMiS IIUNKI.IN OKIKItsni SllllViri; i |((iM (||AI(1,I,H iiiiiit, ui:\. .1. woi.ri', II A. uooKsiii (oi.mnhun and M'ci.rin; SMI, INSI'KI ( lliiSS II V llllilUK \ niKlt's M:\V I'KMI'os \ I, \n II V iiiiiius SI II \ I r ni'iMoNS: iivmii/ion, I'Miiiv, hmiim;, hmk, IIICII AIIIIHON lii;M\lll,S I, MM llt\NKI,IV AMI llli; IMIIK Nr\i'i;s (ir wiiiiik \ i'i.\ns m w . svuvv, m'i,i,\n, s. usiiihin. ISfiO.— Tlic lieu vcMi" i'|iriic(l (i|i|)n'Hsiv(! willi ^liiom iiiiil fciirl'iil :ml ifip.'il ions oi' disMslrc iiikI HiiU'crin)^ lo lli(> inissimj cxiMMlilion, ,'iiiil M'l I here 'a;im iiii ;irti\ilv "f iniinl |H'rv.'i(liii!^' fill riiiiltM, ;i IImm rrsdlvf 111 s!iv<> it" |Missili|i'. liC^'idii wen- llic j;!tll;iiir lii'iirls oH'iTiiii^ sci'vifr III .'I, c'llisc so iidlilr, so lioly ''iiiil liiiiiwiiic. It, svoiilil lie viiili Iicit to tli'Hcribc till- (Iccp iiii;;iiisli niid iiiixicty liir tlir inisniii!^ ones in tlicii liiiiiics nt, t liirt period, ol' iiiollici'H, liitlicrs, wives, iiiid cliildreii ; ;iiid I lie profound solicitude of the pi 1 1 die. Hope liiid not- iill(i;^etliei' e\|»ired. liiil it. Iliekered liet.ween I lie e\t reiiies, lite and dejitli. Slie liiid imt depjirted, nml llio lorloni nnd droo|)infjj still eliini^' to lier. The three yt>!irs tor which the ships were jn'ovisioned were now expired, .'iiid Icrrihie visions of protracted misery .'ind starvation forceil theinseives on the minds of all ; still the ships and crews were eoiisiilered safe, the full provisions of three years miij;ht hy prudence he leiit^^tliened out t() five; it was hoped, too, the animal life of the land and the sea of those re;;ioiis, so alnindant in piirts already know^l, eviMi yet farther to the north than the locality in which they were sup|)osed to he lee hound, would yii>l(l to th(» fjjallant, inissiii;j; ones siillieient to sustain life initil r(>li(>f shoiild arrive : hut IIkmi, ai:;ain, duriiit; the live years they had Ixh'ii away not a trace of their movements had been disco- vcr(>(l ! It is inw nothin;jr, or little or nothing, had been done, and dcc|dy, dee])ly was it (h'|)l()re{l that Sir James Jioss'a cxpiMlition had lH>(>n so compl(>t(>ly a failure; much was it rejjjretted tliat ho had not attt>mpted to get west, and endeavour to i-each Capo \Va1l<(!r from North Somerset, instead of goinji; south to a quarter when^ it was searooly probablt> the expedition would be found; for had Franklin attempted that passa<:;e, lie would have been safe, as he could then : I t i '''■ ! / 112 I'l.vN'* i»i' si;\ii(ii rm; si it jimin ikankmn. •» ii li;i\t' inililc klliiUII llM |)iiilliii|| liy linliccs Jll (';l|ir I |mi|i| nrulhii li('!i(ll;iii(|s. mill IniiiKl (imvisidiiM ill I'lirv Hciifli. '\\\ii uars wrrc cniisidiMVil wlmllv lust. (';i|h< WiilKci' li:ul yt'li !<• !••' rcarlird. I he llifcslinld 1,11 lie t'XiiiiiiiH'il hcltirc we iui;j;lil cviu'cl illiv |i(isilivt' iiilnr- niiilioii as 1(1 wlicllirr llii" cvpftlil inn had or liail iinl n-aclicd sn J'ur vest as il. or had liccii criislifd in tlic mi Idle ii't's uf liallin's Bay, as |)aiiil"iill\ asscrlcil li_\ iiiiri'cliiijj; runiDiir. Dr. .M'Cormick (1st .laiiiiarv. iSoO) siibiiiilfcd aiMillicr |>laii to tin- Adtniraltv.* I'cr search !>_v the Wclliiiuilnii ( 'haimrl. A-f. ; alhidiii!^ In liis |)i'i'\ inns |ilaii,.thi' scandi up " .loiii's's and Smith's Soiinds," and Ihfdci'p iiili'i'cst attai'Iicd tn \Vi'lliiii;t(iii Chaiiiicl. which he says he should hnv(> comprised within"" his |dan, "had no! II. M.S. h'.iili r- ;)r/.s7' and ///(V'.s'/'/y(//(»/' hcen eiiiphned at the time in riaiTow "s Slrail for the express |)iirpiii'cessfiil, . . t he case stands precisely as it did two years a^o ; the work has yet. to he lie^nn." lie adds his h(> lief, '• thatSir .lohii j'^ranklin's shi|)s have heeii arrested ill il liiiih Latitude, and hes(>t. . . northward of the I'arry Islands. Their probahle course* thither has been thi'oiiij;li llu^ W'elliniitoii Chaiiuel, or one of the Rounds .at the iiorlheru extnuuily of Hairm's Hay. . . This api)ears to uie to he tlu^ only \\o\\ of the case thai can ill any way aceouiil for lht> entire absence of all tidings of tliciu lhroui!;lioiit so protracted a piM'iod of time. . . Isolated . . llieir ])t)sition would he under such circumstances. . . Had Sir .Ititiu Franklin been enabled to shape a. s. ith and westerly course from Cape AValker, as tlmn'ted by h'la Instructions, tin* proliabilily is. some intellif;(nic(> ctf him would liave reaclu'd this country ere this . . either in the direction, of tlu* ct)ast of .America, or Barrow"s {Strait, . . or Ksqnimaux would have been fallen in with and tidings . . obtaiiuni. . . Failiiii; to penetrate beyoiul C"a[)e AValker, Sir John Franklin would have left some notice of his future intentions on that spot or tlie nearest accessible one to it ; and should lie then ivtvaci^ his course for the Wellinj^ton Channel (the most ' * Piirliainontary I'apor.s No. 10", " Arctic Kxpodition, ]Sr»0," p. 12t. i .III 1. 4 nil. M't HUM ici; |:i |ilMli;ili|t' rniijrrl lire), lie wniihl iml |i;iss ii|i tliiil iiilit witlniiil «Ic|hi>iI- iiiij ,'l Hill Ih'I' iirmiiiit, III' liiM |ii'iirr('iliii;;>H." Dr. M '( 'iiniiii'k ••iUicIiiiIim |i\ \(p|lllllrrriM^f til ('\;iiiiilic llir Wi'llili'^'l i)li ( 'liillllM'l, tllr \M slriii io,\>{ nlWurlli I >r\iiii .iml ( 'iirii\\;illis |sl;lllll.■^. .Imir.-s'.s Siiiiml iml to III' niiiil li'il. I'liirlit.snl Willi lliis |il,'iii i.s llir ii|iiniiiii ol'Sii- I'lijuiii'il I'iirn ;* lio siiys, " .Ainoiit; llic jii'dhiiliililics to wliirli \vt; an« nnw ilrivrii llici'c is ikhic iiini'r likrly lliiiii lli:it Sir .lojiii l''riiiikiiii iiiiiy li:i\(' ti'ird .some niic nl' llni.-i- iiilrlH, iij'/ir J'tii/im/ in /.i/iii'/isfrr Siiiiiiil. . . I ill! Ililiik il uiiiiiil 111' Willi !i wliilr lo Id, ^oii liavi- il IiiimI til iiialvo till' tiUt'iii|it." Tlic li}(lr\v anon. At this time, then, thero was no reason lor the concliiciion that liu ! . it * IVliuiiU'iilMry I'liiu'iv, No. In7, "Arctic I'lxiicditicii, Ls.'U," pp. Vl'i-'i. i! ,1 11 .11 111 l'I-AN3 OK sr.AIU'll KOU Hill JOHN I'llANKMN. hnd poiip u]i WclliDLjtoii Chaiiiu'l. or In any outlet, hdmihI. or ]ins^i!i2;o north of I?nrro\v's Strait, (or 7r^iiortIi\ between "Melville Island on the wesi ;inil Iho ;;re:il soiiiiil al (!,• head lA' rialliu's I'ay on llic east." Had we been certain that I'l-aidilin was shut onl from Capo "Walker, then Widlint^ton ("hainiel nnLrhl liav(> ollered a point for attention; bnt even then, oidy under considiM-ation, for allhonuli unable to get to Ca])0 AValker from i('(\ ^c.. still the sonth-wesi over 17° of longitude was before liim; lie iiiinht still have |)ersevered to male trrxfini) along the jiarallel of 71- north, and sdii/l/iiiq ir/irrr hr could; and in the course of doing this he may have attaiiKnl such large westing, as to make it questionable whet her it were not beiier still lo persevere in that direction ; or, being foiled near 15aiiks' Land (bid east of it), hav(> taki^n advantage of one of th(> western jias'^aLjes to the north, between the Tarry Islands, rather th;m to ret urn to theeasl- wanl and attem]it the ascent of that doubtful (because unknown) passage, the AVellington Channel; "no one kiunv when* it Avonid lead." There was and i-< only one eondifion of thiiiu:s that could at all nink(> lhi> WelliiiLjIon Channel probable, and thai is haviii'j; posi- tivelv ascertained thai all oullef to the south and west was Impracli- oable bv iJic (wislcucr of iuniirninioilnlilr ohslnclc'^ fritiii Icr, rxIfiuliiKj fi''iiii CorinniJUs Islinnl r/rras',s> fo Xoii// Somrrsrf. prfsrii/iiif/ a bar b> all atlvaiic(> in that direction. 1''ven tlu'ii we must ]in>siiiiH^ that. Welling'on Cliiinnel was '' open, and tVee iVoni ice,"' ready In receive and otl'er him a na\igabK> passau'e to the north. I'nder such eircnm- stanecs, be might have passed uj) it ; but all the.l to learn, "Wellington Channel, the northern ])assages, and the grc>at sounds, liave received prominent notice; bnt all tlu> reasoning is purely imaginative, and, therefore, baseless. AV'e repeal, we fear the preponderating inflnence of these channels iiml sounds; ihey mi'c opposed to the letter of I'rankliirs Instructions, and may lead to disappointment, if not fatal results. liieut. Sherard Osborn, l\.X. (lib .lannary. IS.IO), subiniltcd a plan and ( .ler of si'rvice to the .Vdmiralty :* " \ second alleiiipt to reach Sir John Franklin being about to be tried, 1 (U mil(>s) between C.ape BatliiirsI and l^anks' Land."' TIu" reasons assigned are: — ''(ieneral opiniou places the expedition to the west of Caiie Walker, and south of llie • rnriiaiv.otitnry T.ipprs, No. Ui7, " Arctic Kxpedilion, 1850," p. IHO. 1 i I.\1>Y ("IJAN'KMN - Rill .lOIlV KOflS. IK mti II IIIKIi' III .M('!\ nil Ml opmiiMi I of tlll> l.'iiiil. . . . I'-vcry mile l.mvcrscil norllnvanl In ;i |i;irl\ rnnii (';i|)r I'lillnirsl ^\llllll] hr tnov tliilt iinKitowii s|i;i('(' ill uliirli Iriiiis ol' I'l-iiiKliii liiiiv III' i-.,|ii'clril. . . . '\']\t' iiri >|)i iscil r\|i('ilit imi \\ niilil I'lii'i'v into r\criil mil ;i mtv iii;|ioi'l;inl cl.-insr in ||ic Inslriiitiinis '^\\rn lo .Sir .liiiiu's Ko.-^s, vi/.. llial ol' sciKlinn; cxiiloriiij; IKirlic^ from (iunks' I.rmd in a Hoiitli-wt.'Mtcrly ilircclioii ti|nent Iv diri'cted tlie coiirso of the e\|ieiHlion more wistuard to ('.ape Uathiirst, and theiic(> lo r>anks' Land, and this st>rvice was coiiliih'd to Coinmaiider I'lillen. liady I'Vaiiklin, LUh January, IS.'jO,* inclosi'd to th.e Secretary of tlie, Adiiiiralt V various coinmiinications .adih'essed to lierself, cont.'iiiiin" offers of service from ('a|itai!i Charh's Reid. brother of the ice-master of the F.rrlitis, and from the L'ev. Joseph Wollf, ot" IJokhara cehdirifv, and siihscipieiit Iv one from i\L'. J{. .\. (loodsir, lirollier of the assis- lant-snrijeon of the /Crrhiis. Neither of these comiiuinicatioiis olfer any views as to the course and position of the l^raiiklin J']\peditioii. Sir John L'oss (Ilth January, lS')(>)t •'Ifered the '" out line of a plan for alfordini; relief to the l-'ranklin Lxpedilion," addressed to liic A(huirally. \\\' dismis.s all preamhle aliouf, the means to he eiii- jiloyed; we liave to do with the illrcrlion only. The e\|)edition i.s to "call at JiOopold JLirhonr, and llienco to proceed to the western eapi^ of \Vellinu;ton Clianni'l, where prohahly the iirst intelligence of Sir John Franklin may he found; and siihseipiently, accordimj; to cir- cuii'st.ances, proceed to visit tli(> headlands hctween it and .Akdville Island. . . . If necessary, to proceed to Hanks' Land. It' no intelligence of" the "expedition is found at the ditVerent posi- tions in Harrow's Sti'ait, small |)arti(>s . . of an oilicer and two men must he detached in every direction likely to find the iiiisslnif ships." Sir John lioss is decidedly of opinion, that with "this" plan h(> could perform this important service diiriui^ the summer and aiitnmii months, and concludes. " I have no hesit.ation in pledniiiLj * I'arliiiiiK'aiary I'mit'i'.-*, No. Iu7, " Anlic li.viKilitieii, ]t>.'>U," p. Ui5. t //'«/., p. 115. it o 116 pi.AVH ov srAKcii roit snt .ioiin irankmn. I 'i n ■• i ! It my word lluil I slinll n'tiini in Octdlui- iicxl, ril'lcr haviiiij; (IiM'idi'd tlie late ol" Sii- .lolni iM-aiiKliii and his dcvolcd ciiinpaiiiniis." In rcvicwinL,' lliis plan, we windd (iIl-ci'm' llial no (iliji'cl inn can be laktMi to cNanuninii; the headlands al the i-ni ranee (ea>t and west) of Wellini^lou I'hainiel ; l)nl witlionl ahsolnle inlornialion thai llie Fnnikliii Expedition liad been altoi,fetlier shni out tVoni Cape; Walker and the west and sonth. an o.vtended search U[) that channel we con- siih'ri'd, at the lime (and of conrse now), mere cliance-woi'k : nearly the same observation maybe appbed to the lieadlands Ijctwcen it and IMi'lville Iskuid. JJnt wliy not ba\e examined tlie headlands or sea on the south, between Capi' Walker and I5aid\s' Land ? Surely there the lio]u> of finding the exix'dition was certain, for to that (piarter I'Vaidvlin was sent. Had the author of this plan ever read h'rank- liu's Instructions? 'I'liere are nine memoranda inclosed with this plan, as to Sir John .Ross's " peculiar claims" lor this service, two only of which apply here. " No. 'J. As beim; the only ollicer who actually pronused to search for Sir .lohn l''raidvlin, in the (weid of his not retiirninjjj in 1SI7. . . . IJrd. Ilaxinu; had connnuincatioji with Sir Jolm rraukliu t(jucliin<^ the positions in which he may be found." As to tho pronnse, no one seems to have known that it was made; still it may havi> been made I)eiween the two gallant oillcers (':); but as rem known to the Admiralty, that thi'y mieui, by their reply (dated I2l2nil Jannai-y, 1S50), to enter on Sir John Koss'a views, for tlu'y say, "I'^n'ther searcli from tho eastward has not yet been determined u|K)n." Tho result of tho hydrographi-r's proposition, and the opinions oxprossod upon it (already given), was the fitting out and ch-spatcli ol' the Enterprise, Captain Collinson, antl the liire.stiijtdor, t'onnnander M'Cluro, for the search to the iu)rth-cast by w;iy of Behring's Strait. They sailed from Plymouth '2()th January, ISoO. The essence oi'the Instructions upon which these enterprising oilicers were directed to proceed may be comprised in a sentence' :— " Section \\^. We h'ave it to your judgment and discri'tion as to the conrse to be pnrsned aflei' passing I'oint Barrow"- -sidlicieiilly bi'ief and \nifettered; but we ()i!si;Rvr,n. 117 p;ii,rli »''.' Iiiiniuult'r Is Strail.. •t> ol" llu* IcHvd \'> K'uvc il lli'd iifU'i' ])iit \\f oiiirlit 1(t rciiKirk, <,n'c;i1 c-.wv is slunvii in (licsc Inslinictiona tor tlio s.'it'clv of Ihis r\p(Mlitioii, by tlic ^t'lKTMl cxrcllt'iit. arrangtMiuMits for coiniiiuiiiciit ion will) the Hfr<(ltl ami I'/orrr, and l"or depots to tall liack upon. Captain Collinson was tartlier aidi'il l)y valnablo iiirijiorauda from 8ir Edward J'arry, Captain Buecbcy, and Sir John Ixicliai'dson ; to tiiosc who iVel an inton^st in Arctic exploration tlics(^ olfcr most intcrt'stini; matter lor ])enisal.* 'I'lie ohjcet of tliis expedition was to search, not only the noi'thern (•oast of America, bnt also the wt'stern coasts of WoUaston and Hanks' l/inds, Melville Island, N'ietoria Land, and the passa<;os be- tween, on the assnmption that JM'anklin had made larj^'i* westing, all (if which was iiiei'e eonjeetni'e, arising ont of long absence; but how lie got there, whethi-r by the south-west from Ca[)e Walker, or by the north, no sound ivason could he oll'ercd. Why not, then, have searched Melville Sound? About this time various excellent lett(M's, exciting to renewed search, ap|)eared, '' Jiy an ()bserver."t In these a retrospect is taken (if the whole ])lan of the I'ranklin I'Apedition ami the past search ; the conduct ol' tli(! Admiralty, the Jioyal, and the Koyal (Jeographical Sucieties are reviewed, and not always with ciUKh)ur ; bold hmguage is u^i'A, and assei'lioHs hazarded not always in keeping with facts; still their ohjecl was to spui- the publicand the (lovernment to the rescue, and so far good. "Observer" suggests the following plan: — "Six whale-boats to be i)rocured at IJoston, and forty persons, S(\'xmen and ullicei's, as (he relieving ])arty, diviih'd into three bi'igades of two boats each. I'o this j)arty should be attached another of forty men and ollicers, with six or eight canoes, the men being hunters and Canadian voyageurs, and they, likewise, should be divided into three hri'j,ades. J laving obtained full instructions for every aid to bo all'orded to them by the IIihIsoh's Hay Company's servants, the united brigath's might push, in ]\larch or April (or earlier or later, accordhig to circumstance), to the Great Slave Lake; thence, one brigade should strike to the north-east, down the Back or GIreat l'"ish Kiver, to the Polar Sea. The other two brigades . . . down the Mackenzie and (Jreat Bear Jiake; one of them might turn oil', cross the lake, and endeavour to reach the Coi)permine Jtiver, follow- ing it down to the sea. The remaining brigade down the Mackenzie, * ParliairKMitary fiijiriN, Xn. lo7, "Arctic I^xp.ilition, ISoO," pp. 89— 9t. t Li'llui'.-i "Oil tlic lu'hctursir.liihn fraiilvliii's Exp(jditiou. Uy un Observer." I'aiiiiiblft, iHiblifliud by t>auudui>, Charuig Cross. > t ili' !! t i ' r :j, i ;■; lis IM \N'A (ir Si;\TlCIl FOR sill .lOlIN rilANKMN. 1 I!' i irr tn its immlli. 'riicsc tlu'cc |i;irllcs liMvini,' I'CMflicd tlii" I'oliir sliorcs, llicv sliiHild c'lcli c'Ikiiisc ;i w iiiti'fiii^ spot. . . . The mIiiiIi'-IiomI. |i;ii'ti('s, lillur mi f.Kil hut llic Irv. (ir in lluii' Imals, :u'coniiii'4 lo 11h> sl;ili" (if 1 lie sc'i, |)r(ic('i'ii ill the inlldw in^;- dirccl idiis : (lif Wiwk Kivci' |)iii-ly ill a luii'lli-iiorlli-wi'sl tMiirsi', nl'lcr passing; Dcasc ami ^Simpson's Strails. 'J'iic (.'(ippcrmiiu- party lnwanls tlic uorth-iiortli-'.-ast, towards Cape Walker. Dr. Kac liaviiii; been iustriirtnl lo lako liis parly duo north to IJaiilis' 1-aiid. The .Maelvcii/.ii' Ixivcr division lo iiiak(> a northerly eoiirse, iiiitil it iiilerseel thi' line wliieli, it is supposed, the »'.\|)editiou ol' ('a|)1aiii t'ldliuson t'roiii C'a|)(> Harrow will iiiaUe in stciM'iui^ lor iMehiile Jslaiid. .1 cannot eoiieeive,'' the author says, " (hat lh{> wlwde of sueh a plan eould luisearry. . . . In the year IS")!, a fri'sh party iiiii,dit be sent, lo ri'-provision, reinforce, or assist them . . . homeward." We cannot view the plan before uswith much lUvour. It involves llie em|)loyment of too lari^a' a muiiber of men; audit is ipiestivinable if so lari!;e a party could be provided tor by the iiutlson's Uay Company Avithout ioiii,' previous notice, the ground lo be traversed is of i;reat exlciil. and loo renidle from their stations. As to carryini.^ llieir own stores ovir such a country and i'ov so lari:;e a parly, we think any nttiMiipt lo do so wiiuUl only impair llieir eUlciency for action on their arrival on the shori's of lliC i'olar Sea, if not 'impracticable. 'Jt." jjolicy of winteriuL!; on those bleak shores we much (picslion. 'I'lu'ii, as lo the directions of search, we do not see the ad\nntai,^e of si'iidin^ u party from the .Macki'U/.ie in ;i "jiortherly course;" au'ain, the j:;roinid eastward of the .Aiackcn/,ie A\'ollaston and \ ictoria Jiands — was ah'i'atly occupied by Dr. K'ae, :ind was soon to n-celve additional examination by t'ommaiuler I'liUen ; the ships, loo, under (-'a|)tain (."ollinson would explore the woslorn and soullu'ru shore of MehiUe .Ishind. Manks". Wollaslon. and X'icturia IaUhIs. The Copptrmine parlv to l.'ape Walker miu;ht be v)f advantage, and so might the JJack Kiver ])art_\. if ihey could extend llu'ir search f;ir eiiough in thi" diri'ctioiis indicaleil: but owv unknown Lrroiiiul there always will arise ihe ipiestion whether it is land or sea. and '■[' praclit'able. We tlua\'fori> must thmbt il'any ^reat good would result I'rom either. The Lords of the Admiralty,* availing themselves of a pro[)osal of the Jludson's J3ay Company lo send a ilespalch to the Mackenzie, forwarded a lelU'r to liientenant (now Commander) PuUeu (dated 2oth January, js.ji)). In it they observe: — ''Viewing the possible » rm-liuiiu utary I'lijioi-.-, Nc. 107, "Arctii Expedition," p)). ty— o7. 1!,\ KHOW S RTII \IT. 119 ■;li(tn'S. l.'-l.lut, lo 11h> , Ulvn- ipon's ownrdrt I't.y cliii! ,(•(1, 11k> i:ike ill .)r yuyy, lie yi'iir jr assist )lvi'3 ilu- ibU- it" so 'iiiiniiiny lit" i^vt-al, ln'ir iiwii link :iny (111 tlii'ir lie. 'Ji.'- . Tlu'ii, ■ stMidiii.i; nil. till' ;iii(ls — litiiiiial (.'aptalii .Mrlvillc |)( riuiiii" ,0 r.ack 1 in tlir avs wilt l", Wc lltT. )posal oi ackeiu.ie. (datoa po -o7. ss iblo (i|ipi>rtiini(y Avliich your posilidii tiiay allnnl of a search l»i'iiiL( inado I'ruiii ('■A\H) I'alliiirst (owanls IJanks' Land, my liords aiv pleased to Odiivey to you their saiietioii t'oi- your proseeiitiii!^' siieli a searcli. . . Tlie Hudson's I5ay CoiHpaiiy liavo heeii reipiested to instruct iSlr. line lo all'ord you liis liest advice and assistance, if yuu should fall in with him." Willi this was inclost'd a copy of a letttir from Sir John liichardsoii, containiiii; his vicwd on the subject ; tlioy embrace the iiiiielor starting;, river routes, Ixiat.'i, provisions, &c. : also e.xtracta from a letter from Dr. Scoresby (2nd January, lS;j()), from which wo nolo, " It (loos not apjiear to me that the examination of the refi;ion or chaiuiel proximate to Wollaston fiaiid and Vi(;toria Land (as desi;j;ned, I believe, for Dr. Ivae) will compriso all that sooms dosirablo, lull that a |)arty (a small oii(> would do) issuing from the IMackenzio towards and /ici/oik/ Cape liallnirsl, in Ihc di reel ion of Jimiks Land, would perform a most important service in a L^reat and well-laid ])lan. This line of search seems to allbrd as good a |)rospect of crossinu; the track of the missing e\|)edifion as almost any other iu contemplation." I'iUclosed also were memoranila from a paper by Lieutenant, S. Oshorii, li.N.. Itli .laniiary, iSoO (sec pago 11 I). These k'lters |)rov(^ the existi'i'cc of a strong feeling that Sir Jolui iM-anklin was expectt-d to have, at hiast, endeavoured tofultll the fii-st point of his Instructions; and more, that he had succi-eded in making a general south-west, course from Cape Walker. C'onsidt-ring tlio time llial had i lapsed since his (leparlui'e (nearly live years), still to cling to the iiiUMit of the Instructions, induces the ipu'stion. Why not search from tluu'asi, by Darrow'd Strait, from ("ape Walker, in a south and west direction r We shall now turn to the ea.^tern opening. The search liy '5. ar- row's St rait was loo imiioi'iaiit to hi' neglected; it was the direction ill wlilcli the J''ranklin L.xpeditiou was oi'dered, and the Admiralty wiselv entered upon the suhject at once. The last cvpedition in this direction hail failed altogether, as regards the west and south from Cape W'alker; we were, theref(jre, nearly^ in the same position a3 before Sir James Ross's expedition sailed, with this e.xcoptioii — no traces haviiiLT been found on the western coast of JS'orth Somerset, it led to the inlerence that the Franklin Exjieditiou had not passed down Peel Sound. 'J'his was scarcely likely, unless under peculiar circumstances, at any time, as Franklin's route was more to the west- ward, but less probable iu this instance, as the season of IS-iOwas by all considered favourable fur getting to the westward, and reaching the iirst point of his instructions. Ii proved only that Sir John 11^ 120 I'LANS or HK.VIU'H lOK Sll! JOHN I' U.VN K LIN. . hi rmulvliu liiiil Hot coiiuiiunicMtcil wilh \\\r n-rxtviii bliori's of Xortli Somor.-ict. Five ycnrs had imw jiassrd over t^inci' rraakliii sailed- years of painful anxiety, rrocraslinalion was iVMiii^lit: ■\villi danger— danger imminent. Again the ahle hydrographer (still looking to the Instruc- tions and \o the south-west) proposed another expedition through Jjailln's J5ay and Lancaster Sound: the opening of the proposition is worthy the huniaue and experienced Sir Traneis Ueairfort* (date 2ilth January, iSoO). Section 1. "The Behring's Straits expedition being fairly off, it appears to me to be a duty to submit to your lordstiips that no time should now be lost in e(piipping another set of vessels to renew the search . . . through Tallin's Bay. . . . This search should bo so com])letc and eil'ectual as to leave unexamined no place in wliicb, by any of the suppositions that have been put forward, it is likely they may be found. 2. "Sir .lohu r:ankiiu is not. a man to treat his orders with levity, and tlierefore his first attem])t was uiuloubtedly made in the direction of McIciJIc hJ(tiiil, (did not lo llic a-ciilicard. if foiled in that attempt, he naturally hauk'd to the southward, and, using Banks' land as a barrier against the northern ici', he would Irv to make westing under its lee. If l)oMi of tlu'se roads wen- closed against his advaiu-e, he perha[)s availi'd himself of one of tlu'fonr passages between the Parry Islands, ineliidiug the AVeliiiigton Cliaunel ; or, lastly, he may have re- turned to JjalUn's J}ay,an(l taken the inviting o[)ening of Jones's Sound. 3. "AH these four tracks must be diligeiitly examined before the searcli I'.aii be called coniplele. 7. '■ Whatever \esscls may be chosen, I would 1)eseech their lord- ships lo I'.rjK'ilili' llicjii. ^{11 aiir (illcmplH luicc been tlij'crrcd loo Io)i(/. 0. " As the Council of the Koyal Society some time since thought pro[)er to remind tlieii' lordships of the })ropriety of renewiug this search, it would be fair now to call on that leariu'd body for all the advice and suggestions that seience and philosophy can contribute to- wards the accoinpHshm(-iit of the great object on which the eyes of all England, and intU'cd of all the world, are i\o\y entirely fixed." This report, with memoranda by Ca[)t. W. A. B. Hamilton, Secre- tary of thv' Admiralty, led to a conference; and the following opinions were given by Sir Edwai-d Parry, Sir (jeorge Back, Capt. Jieechey, Sir John J'ichardson, and fol. Sabine. J * l';U'lluuu'iilar\ I'd] lo;, "An lie l':.\i.fdiliun, 1850," p. 1)8. 1, !1 .Ml' lonU )0 Ion;/. lUUL,'llt lu; this Ml llio ate to- s of all Scorc- )piiiions Jcfclii'y, 1)8. CAI'T. IM'SNV <.\l'r. (lU.Wll.I, 121 C'a|)l. Ilamilldii, l'rl)riiai'v -'th, IS-'O. says, " Willi rt'ttM-ciKa- to Sir V. Ucautoft's iiH'iii(ira!i(liiin, it, may he useful to advert to certain [i;i[iers Ix'i'ore the JJoaril relative to the t'asterii search (rid Harrow's Strait), and he refers to three papers in ])artienhu'. IMr. Ilamiltun, bruther-in-law of tho eminent J)r. Jiao, writing fruiu Stroinness (November 15lli, lSi!»), alllrma posilividy, that 'on the (l:iy previous to his sailing from that place . . Sir.!. i'Vanklin e,\[)ressed ills determination to endeavour to lind a ])ass;ii;e to the westward tln'oiigh Alderman Jones's Sound. To this observation C'apt. Hamilton, after justly obs(Tving, 'Sir .lohn I'raidJin is as little likely as any iiiau to deviate from his orders,' thiid^s "it (jiiite ])ossiblo that' ho 'may in conversation liave referred to Jones's Souiul, and that .Mr. llannlton has construed his mentioning; Joiu's's Sound in ii condilioixtl sense as an r>-conditional statement of his intention.' Ca, t. JIamilfon then refers 'to other ])a|)ers, tending to show what the opportunities are which Jones's Sound otl'ers.' " '"Captain Peiniy, in the oiler of his services to the Admiralty, J)ocember I22nd, IS 19, says, * If an early pas.sage be obtained, 1 would examine Jones's Sound, as 1 have generally found . . clear water at the mouth of that sound, . . and there is a probability that an entire passage by this route might be found to Wellington Channel.' " Capt.Gravill, in his letter, January 25, iSoO, suggests ' Jones's and Smith's Sounds, together with other (juarters, as ])oints of search.' CM|)t. Liv. an e.vperii'iiccd conujiander, rept)rts his having 'mistaken Jones's Sound in thick weather for Liuicaster Sound;' that he 'sailed 100 u dies up the sound without meeting obstruction of any sort;' and that, ' in running out of the sotiiul t he carpenter . . observed a cairn of stones on one of the heatllands.' * ' Adnuiting, therefore,' says (.'apt. Hamilton, 'the utmost desire of Sir John Franklin to follow his orders, . . he may have found a literal compliance with them impossible ; and their piu'port being to push to the westward, lie would naturally take the next means of doing so, if Ihcjirsl failed; and if, on arriving off Lancaster Sound, he found obstruction, . he would most probably make the attem])t l)y Jones's Sound. . Sir John Franklin being well aware that both Jones's and Smith's Sounds have always given promise of 0])en water, . . itmayth(>rc- foro be considered that there are suilicient grounds for a specitlc * Uhio Hooks, "Arctic Expedition, 1852." Sec Ictlci- fnnii lii.s son, |). I'i.S. It was not Jones's Sound, but another dcci) inlet, in 7t' 10', or 75", iio entered — ii in-etly authority ! m . Iti'v i in .3 1 \i^i 122 PLANS OF fiEAUCn FOR SIU JOHN FllANKIilH. search of Jotics's and Siiiith's Sounds.' lie adds, * With respect to any ('X])cdili()ii . . hy tlie way ol" Lancaster Sound, Capt. Penny's may he diUlciih, to improve u[)on.' ("apt. (Jra\iirfi letter also otl'ei'.s some usel'id suLri,n'stiiinH. In the pa[)er hy Dr. JMeCormiek, j^reat st:\m is laid upon ' tlie necessity of a search hy Jones's Sound.' " We will now quote the opiiiioua of various Arctic officera on the plan ])roposed hy the hydrof;ra|)lier. Sir J'^dward Parry (Fehruary Utli, 1S50), says,* " I am decidedly of opinicjii tliat the main search slioidd he renewed in the direction of JMelville Island anil Banks' Land, including as a part of the plan the tlior(ju;j;h examiuation of Wellin,i,'tou Straic and of the other siiiular openings hetween the islands of the <^roup hearing my name, i entertain a growing conviction of the prohahility of the missing ships, or a portion of the crews, hi'ing shut up at Melvdle Lsland, Banks' Land, or in that neighbourhood, agreeing with Sir F. Beaufort, that 'Sir John Franklin is not a man to treat Ins orders with levity;' which he would he justly chargeahlewith doing if he attached greater weight to any notions he might personally entertain than to the Admiralty Instructions, which he well knew to he fouiuled on the experience of former attempts, and on the hest information that could then he ohtained on the sid)ject. For these reasons 1 can scarcely douht he would employ two seasons, tlu)se of iSiS and IS 10, in an inu'emitting attempt to penetrate directly westward or south-west- ward, towards Behring's Strait," and "having penetrated, in seasons of ordinary tem[)eraturo, a considi'rahle distance in that direction, have heen locki'd up hy succt'.ssive seasons of extraordinary rigour, thus hatlling the I'llbrts of tlieir weakened crews to escape," either " hy Behring's or Barrow's Straits. 31y conviclion of this [)roha- hility has heeu greatly sti-i ngtheueil hy a letter i have lately reci'i\('d from Col. Sahinc. . It nnist he atlmitted, however, that consi- derable wi'ight is due to the conjecture, . . otl'ered hy persons capable of forming a sound judgment, i/iaf liavinrj failed. . tu pcnctvafe vesticdrd, Sir John Franklin might deem it prudent to retrace his stej)s ; and was enabled to do so (?) hi order to try a more northern route, either through Wellington Channel or some other of those openings hetween the I'arry Islands ; and this \Av\\ receives importance from the fact, saiil to bi^ beyond douht, of Sir John Franklin having . , expresseil such an intention in case of failing to jfet to the westward I cannot, therefore, consider the intended • Sic Pai-liamontuj-y Piipor?, ^'o. 107, " Aivlif KspoJitiou, ISuO," ^ip. 10:i-;{. ■t : Bin EliWAlM) PAUltY— COI,. flAHIVK. l'J3 IG, in au th-wc'sl- seasiHiri I'Ctioil, proba- cDusi- . tu IfDt to to try a or isoiiH' lis itUa Sir Joliu liliiiL;; to iuteudt'il soiircli coinplctc, willioiit maiiin^ tlic cxainiiiatiou of Wi'lliiii;tnii ISlrait and its iuijacciit (HH'iiiiii^'s a distinct part of llic plan. . . . i\IiK'Ii stress lias likewise been laid " on " .lones's and Smith's Sounds," and "considerable interest has been attached to Jones's Sound. . . From the tact of its having been recently navigated, . . ami found of great width, free from ice, with a swell from the westward, . . and no land visible . . in that direction," it "may be i'ound to communicate with "Wellington Strait ; so that if Sir John Franklin's ships have been detained anywhere to the northward of the I'arry Islands it would bo by Jones's Sound tliat ho would probably endea- vour to cfli'ct liis escape, rather than by the h^ss direct route of liarrow's Strait. I do not attaeli much im[)ortanee to the idea of liis having so far retraced his steps as to come tlu'ough liant'aster Sound and recommence . . by entering Jones's Sound." Sir Edward notices the "soinewliat vague re|)ort . . of a I'liirii of gtones" Sv'en by a whaler, and thinks it "exjiedieut to set this (pies- tion at r(>st l)y a search in that direction, including the examination of Smith's Sound." Sir Kdward recommends the examination, by two vessels, of " Well ingt(jn Strait, . . and tin; adjaci'ut openings between the Parry Islands, . . and then to endeavour to ascer- tain the coiniectiou with Jones's Sound," and of it "with Bailin's JJay." " Two other vessels should ])ush . . towards i\Ielville Island and Blinks' Land, . . carefully searching the soullierii shores of the Parry Islands ;" he " thinks C'apt. Penny might l)e advantageously em- ployed in the examination of Jones's and Smith's Sounds," and that "Dr. McCormick's plan, for searching by buats, might form a useful . . ajipendage to this branch of the expedition, lie concUules, " AV'hat i have now proposed, when taken into consideration with tlu^ cifurts of Capt. Collinsou from the west, ami those of Dr. Jiae and Commander Pullen from the south, will complete a coiu'cntration of search (so to speak) in the direction of Banks' l^and and JMelvillc Island, which I believe to confttitiUe our beat hopes of sneer nx.''' Col. Sabine, in a confidential letter to Sir Edwai'd Parry (January 15th, 1S50,* ;md which he refers to in the preceding opinion), declares his views fully, from which we extract : — " There can hn little doubt, J imagine, in the mind of any one who has reatl attentively I'ranklin's Instructions, and, in rcfereiTce to them, your description of the state of the ice and of the navigable water in ISIO and I81JO, in the route which he was ordered to pursue; still less, I tliiid:, can there be a I m 1 ' 102-;5. .See Fiii'liiuiic'iitiin- Paiicr, No. lo7, ''Antic Kxiiouitioii, IS.jO." p. loj. r1 i iw i ' r I ! 1 -n Ml' ' :. , ■ i 124 I't-\NS or SKAKCII lOIt SIR JOHN FIl.VXKLTN. (l(iiil)l, ill I he iiiiiiil (if Miiy ■ Mc \sli(i li;i(l tlir lulviiiituj^o ol" Iiciiig witli ydti ill tli(i--c uars, -lliat Kniiikliii (alwius supposing no [ircvioiis tlisjislcr) imisl li;i\c nuulc iiis \\;i\ to the soiitli-wcst of Melville JsImiuI, citlu'f ill 1S|.' or is 1(5, U liiis bi'Cii «;ii(l ilwit IS-l.'j was an uiit'a\oiii'alilf season; ami as llie navigation of Davis's Straits and liallin's liay was new to I'raiildin, we may regard it as uioro probalilc that it may liuvc; tukcu hiux two ecasous to accomplish what we ac('oiii[)lislie(l in one. So iar, 1 think, guitleil by his Instructions, and by llie i'\|)ei'ieiu'e gained in ISl'J and ISliO, we may reckon pretty conlidently on the lirst stage of his proceedings ; and, doubtless, in liis progress be uonUl have b'ft memorials in the usual manner at places w here he Linded, some of which would be likely to fall in the way of a vessel following in his track. From the west end of j\[elville Island our inferences as to his ])roceedings must become more conjec- tural. . . If he fouiul the ocean, as we did, ct)vered to the west and south . . with ice of a thickness unparalleled, . . ho would, after probably waiting through one whole season, in the hope of favourable change, have retraced his steps, in obedienci! to the second part of his Instructions, in order to seek an opening to the north which might conduct to a more open sea. . . lie may, bow- ever, have louiid a more- favourable state of things at tbe south-west end of 3!elvilie Islaiul" than wc did, ansl '' have been led thereby to attempt to force a passage for his ships in tlie direct lino of Ueliring's Strait, or pei'ha[)s, in llie lirst instance, to the south of tbat direction; viz., to IJanks' liiind. In such case two contingencies present tlienist'lves ; lirst, in tbe season of IS 17 hi' may bave made so much progress, that in ISjS he may have preferri'd . . to pusli through to JJebring's Strait, or to some western part of tbe continent, to an at(em[)t to return by the way of Barrow's Strait; . . the second contingency," and it is tbe one wbicb " compels mo, in spite of my Avishes, to regard as tbe more [M-obable, . . bis advance from IMelville Island, in the season of 1817, may have been limited to a distance of 50, or perhaps 100 iiules at farthest; and iu ISIS he may have endeavoured to retrace his steps, but witli only partial success. . . Under these circumstances, incapable of extricatbig the ships, . . tbe crews may have been , . obliged to quit them, and attempt a retreat, not towanls tbe continent, being too distant, but to ^Melville Island, where certainly food, and probably fuel (seals), might bo obtained, and where they would naturally snp[)ose that vi'ssels despatclu'd from Kngland for their relief, would, in the lirst instance, seek them. , . Ulitir llic E,squunaux liaa sill oF.oitni: n\<'K CM'T. iimnrv •liou: I'OiSC'l , to an soeuiid o f my pe iVdiu L'd to a S18 lio )art 1 InoaUiig to quit ling too L'obubly litui-allv uoiil liw llUi lirril, iJirrc Eiuiflslniioi xiriji /Ire; and im valid ar^miii'nl a'j;aiii-^l llio ;i11i'iii|il 1(1 rfli('\(' can, I think, lie founded tin the iiiipnilialiilit v nf lindiiii,' I'inglishnirn ali\t' in ls'»i>, uIk. nmy liavc iiiadf a n'trrat to .Melville Island in the spring nj' jsll), wnv wunid llie \ieu id' tlie ease be altered in any material degree if we sn|(|i()se tla ir relri'al to have been made in IslSor isi!) Id J>anks' Land, whieh may allord facilities of food and t'utd etjual or suj)erior to iNIelville Island, and a fiirthi-r rotroixt tlio following year to the latti-r island as the point at wliieli tliey would more probably lo(il< out lor sueeour. . . 'J'Ik^ most promising direction for research woidd be by a vessel wbieli should follow then\ to the sonth-wi'st point (d" Milville Island." Finailv, "one oontiui'tMicv unconsidered, . . is that which would have t'ollowi'd ill pursuance cd' his Instructions, if l''ranklin should lia\e found the as|)eet of th(> ice too nnfavoiu'able to the west ami south of Midville Island to attempt to force a passage lhi'ouL;h it. and he should have retraeed his steps in hopes of lindiug a nu)re opi'ii sea to the northward, either in Wellington Channid or elsewhere. Here, also, the expedition may have encountered, at no very great, distance, insnpi'rable dilUculties. . . In this case the retreat ol' the crews . . would most probably be directed to some part of the coast on the routi> to Midville island," in e\]>ectation (d' succour. Sir (Jeorge Back (February (!th. IS.')!)) :* " In refi-rence to the plan proposed . . for continuing the search . . in the direclion of Barrow's Strait, ]Mel\ille Island, and the openings noi-th ami south, ('S|)ecially Wellington (.'hannid, together with a tboroiigb oxannnatiou (if Jones's Sound, there cannot, I think, be a second opinion. . . I am persuaded that tb(> missing ships are somewhere tberealuMits." Sir (xcorge concludes with "a hope that the second [dan (by ('apt. Hamilton) of exploring dones'a Sound may be simultaneously i'\e- ciited." Capt. Beeclioy (February 7tb, ISoO), Section 5{,t fully concurs with I'arry, J lannltou, and Sabine, with one exception. Ilesays, '• I thiidi Leopold Island and Cape Walker . . should be examined prior to any attempt being nuide . . in other directions fnjm Harrow's Strait, and that the bottom of ]{eg(Mit's Tnlet, about the Felly Islands, should not be left unexaiinned." jMluding to his memo- randum, January I7th, iSli), he says,- — " I am still of opinion, had Sir .lolin Franklin abandoned his vessels m-ar the coast (d' .\inerica, and much short of the Macki'u/ie Jiiver, he would have pi-eleia-eil the * rarliamentary Papcrii, No. 107, " Arctic Expedition, 1850," p. lO.j. t Ibid., p. lOG. q,;'! li '« :;t I'jn I'l.NN^ OK sr A 11(11 VDV sm jdiin i'kxnki.in. |ii'nl).'il)ililv dl' rcl.'iiiiiiii; llic iihc (if his lin;it.( iiiilil he liMiiitl rrlii I' in Hiii'fow's Sli'jiil, Id i'i.skiii!.i; iiii (ivitImikI jniinicv riii llic litl'nn' inm- tldlii'il river; iiinl il liiii>l lif nintliilirri d. lli;il ;il llir liliii' lie Siiilnl, Sir (icdi'i,'!' Uiirk's (liM'dVtry li:i(l rtinlri'i'd it. \i'iy |iroli;iltlc' thai limit Ilia wii.s ail isl'iiid. '■ I. All (ihji'cl idii ((» the nrccssily ol' this scarcli Hccnis to he that, had Sir .lnhii IVaiilvliii tiil»cii l.hi.H ruiitc, he wmihl have ii'achnl Kiiry Jji'ach idivady ; hovvfVt r, I i-aiiiint but think thi'iv will yrt be loiiiid SDMH' L,'()(id <,'r(iiiiids lor tin' I'^sqiiiiiiaux slii'tfh, and thai their mcaiiiii'' lias licrn iiiistiiidi'r.slood ; and as Mr. McC'oriiiirk is an «'iit('r|ii'i>iii'j^ [icrsoii would Mihiiiit wiicthrr a boat, ('\|H' (litioii iVoiii LrojioM |)i'|iot, under his direction, wmild not set at ri'st all iiKjuiiy ii|)on this, iiow the only (|uarter aii[U'M\ided tor. T). "Tlie exaiiiiiial ion oi' the sounds atth.' h(-ad of Halllir.s Bay. but i's|)eeially of Jones's Sound, I fully eoiieur in, , , iiiori' ('H[i('- (•i;ill_\ as (here seems to be an o|iiiiioii that- this .-onndwill bi' found to c'oiiiiminieate \s ith the \Vellint,'toii I'haiiiiel." Sir .lohi; Kieliardsi.iii ( I'ebriiary 7tli, J SoO*) coiniiiences by various obsi'rvations on the "sn|i|ilies of food to be jirociirid by diligent liiiiiliii'' parlies," tV.e. Seeliou ){. "• Willi r cspee to the (liivet icjii in which a successful search may hv predicated with the most eoidi- deiiue, various opinions ha\e been ])ut forth; soini' have siippusi-d I'ither that the ships were lost before reaehiiiLi; Lancaster Sound, or that Sir John rraiiMin, llndini; an im[)assable barrier of ice in tliu I'litraiice of Iianca>ter Sound, may bavu soui,'ht for u passai^'c thrctu;,di JoiU's's Sound. 1 do not 'j'ive much vveiLrbt to either eou- li>c tun 4. " With respect to Jones's Sound, it is admitted ])y all wl 10 tliat his first are intimately ac(piainted with Sir John l^'ranklin, endeavour would be to act n|) to the letter of his Instructions, and that, therefore, be would not liu;htly abandon the attempt to pas.=( Laiieaster Sound. J I ad Sir John Franklin gained that sound, — and we appear to be fully justilied in conclndinu; that he did so,— and had afterwards enconnteri'd a oom|)aet Held of ice, barriui. Barrow's Strait and W\'llinL;toii Sound, he would then liave bori le u]) lor Jones s Sound, but not until he had erected a con- spicuous landmark, and lodi;ed a memoraiulum of his n-ason for deviatint; from his Instructions." o. " The absence of such a signal-post iu Lancaster Sound is an * So€ Parliumentiiry TMiKTSi, No. 107, "Antic Kxpdition, 1850," p. 107. ill who irt lii-j't lis !U1(1 to piis.^ souiul, .1 so- barr'mi,' . il av(' a, con- 'ti'oiiL; sii|i|)(irl to tli>^ supposition, tliat ilarinw's Mrail was as npni in |S|.'». ;is wlicii Sir V.. I'aiTv pa-scil it III IslK; thai sucli liciiiL,' llm I'asc, Sir .lidiii IVankliii, willioiil delay, and without laiidlui,', pii>lii'd oil to Cape Walki'i*, and that siiliso- (|iu'litly, ill L'lidtinoiii'iiii; to pi'iu-trato to the soiitli-\vc>l, lie ht'caiiio iuvoIviMl ill till' drift ice. uliirh ihrri' is roasoii to lu'licvo, ur;;t.'d by tho pri'vniliiii,' winds, and tiie sot of tlu^ flood tidca, h carried townrdt* Coronation (iiilf, tlii'oui;li cliamicls nidrc or less intricate. Should lie have found no opciiiii;j; at ('a|)e Walker, he wonhl, of course, /mrti stiii;//i/ it\\vj'iir//iit' In lliv irc.sl ; or, liiidiiiL,' tlu! southerly and wc>terly opciiin;j; Idocked hy ice, he iniLj;ht have Irieil a northern passai^e," II. •'.Mr. Penny's piMJeet, restricted, as it is, to the search of .loiies'.s Mound at its outlets, seems a littiiiL,' ap|)eiidaj^'e to the other measures. Although I ha\e endeavoured to show, in a [irceediiiL; Jill I'dij I'd fill, tlidl if is )/(>/ likili/ the iiiis.siiif/ ships I'lifrrcil Jinici's iSoinid from Balllirs l>ay, yi(, as they may have been compi'lled to make a iKU'llierly cuiirse iVmii Harrow's Strait, and iiiiuhl aflcrwai'ds, in t I'viiiLT to re,y;aiii iiaHin's l!ay, lia\e iieeii !irrested iieai- Welliiii^toii Soiiiiil, with which il is undersloud .loiies's Sound conininiiicates, tho lallcr ounhl to be e.\|)lored, and its headlands cari'fully examined. The cairn . . seen at the eutrauci of tiio Houud should bo visited, and seai'fheil fur meiiioraiula." fiom the i'oiri^oin;^ proposition of the liydroLjraplier, and tlio npinioiis elicited by it, we are inahled to infer the sense in which the Franklin instructions were viewed in ISoO. Simple as llieso Instructions are, it will be seen other and a diirerent meaiiiiijii; is <,Mven to them ; or whence is it that these o|)iiiions vary so ij;reatly, ill some easi!8 at variance, not only with the J list ructions tlieniselvoa, hilt also with each other? Jleiice any attempt to deduce a coiirso for the Franlxlin Expedition from them would lead to coiicliisiona most dece[)tive and erroneous. All, more or less, look to the west; Imt the error would lie, whether to the north or south of thai point: the leaniiii; socnis to the north, and is, therefore, in opjiosi/ii),/ /o hits ordrrn. We would rather these opinions had been less discursive ; from this cause arises that indefinable vagueness in some of tlu'iii, uhich imparls the lone of weakness and indecision observable in them. l''acts ai'e ever terse and stubborn, and need no Mrbose or claliorate style of expression ; more brevity had ^i\i'ii tluni more clearness. We fancy, too, we see in the expression of some of theiu a defereuce to others' opinions, ratlu'r than the enunciation of an i \v, i \4 • !:i 4; * ■* ic'i 128 PT,\NR or SK.\1?CH I'oir s\\: n iiv n; vn'kt.in. unlrllcrod ('(Uiviclioii ; mid yet tun ficiiicnts ;m1;iL;;<>nist ic cmcIi 1o oach arc visible cxtrciiH' cniitidii iiiid liold msscH ion. \Vv iidinji,^ tlic t'oniicr, tor llic siilijccl. ums iiHiuifntdiis ; liiii still, \\(- tiiiiik. whilst we wiiuld shut out Iiold iissiniipt ion. t li!i( a iiiori' drlcnuiiialc oxpt'cssion iiULclit liavo liccii !ido|)1('d, 11s w(^ liiid it is 111 soini" cases, "with ('(|iial souiuliiess of judt^ineiit. .Aijaiii, these opinions involve a very extended lino of search. To lis .1 st'etns impracticable, with tour vessels only, in a cliniat(> with so short a season tor navii^ation. How siu'h various view.s could have arisen, it is our object to iiKpiire; 1'or it should be reiiieinbered, tlu> ])lan was siin])l(\ and limited to a uiveii space — between 9S° and 11.")" west; and the Instructions are clear and positive — they admitted not of douhi. in tliein the AV'ellini^loii Channel was only considered as secondary. Whatever value may have been <;iven to " infenlioiis " atti'ibul(Ml to Sir -lolin I'raiikliit. those "intentions" were overruled In' his orders; and unless we are ])r"pared to think lie would jircmeditatt ilv resolve to be faithl(>ss jo tin 11, a charge loo grave to be enterlaiued, we nnist throw over- bqard all assumed "intenlions" on his (tarl. In th(> absi-nce ol' positive intellig(Mice of the actual inoveiiuMits of the Ivxpedilion, we ought to have taluMi for granted that that gallant leader was eiidea- voTiring toi'ullil liis orders to tlu> utmost of his jiower; and it wa^i for us to i\)\\o\\' (fjh'r liiii\ lukhuj thciii an our fjxidr. The hydrograplier's \iews as to the course ol' the missing Expe- dition appear to iis r.athei' obscure, lie say^, " IH'^ lirst atteiii|)f was undoubtedly made in the direction of iNlelville Island, and not to the westward." To reach ^lelville Island from the east involv(>s making westing: we ])i'esuiiie lu> means, and not "to the westward of it." But even this rendering of the si'iitence is not n-coneileahle with his views given in his *' J{e|K)rt on the I'roposed Expedition to JU^Iiriiig'.s .Strait." lie there says, " Their orders would have carried tliu,m towards Melville Island, and then out to the iiystirard, wIuto yiey are entangled, i^c. ; and he endeavours to prove this. " For should they (the ships) have been arrested at some intermediate ])lAce, as ('a])e AValker, or at one of the northern chain of islands," Or " much to the sonthward of Hanks' Land,"' or lastly, "Wellington Channel." w{> should have heiird of them; and he concludes hence, "that they are lockinl u|) in the arclii[)ela'4(>, to the westward ol ftlyJv'ille island." We cannot account for this diserepancy. Uiipt. Ilainilton's mjemorandum ol' l''raiiKlin"s conversations al Sl-rymne^s iibout- .lones's Sound may bi' summed \i[) in that olllcer's ^vn word^. "Mr. llamillon has construed his mentioning Jones's Sll! i:i)\V.\l!|i A tlKV 120 w 'i ittcMUjlt 111(1 IKit iuviilvt's t>s1\viinl \\\\\o\\ 111 carru'ii wlu-re k. I'UU ■dialo sliuulis," ■nin,o;1'»" ("S ll01U't\ ward ol' Sound in a oonditionnl snisc. as an uiicoiiditional stalouKMil of Ids iiilcidioiis." Cant. I'cnny's (ipinioii ot" .lonos's Sciinul, and its con- nection witli \\'('llinu;iiin ("lianncl, is ^cof^rapliically ot" value, and would be in llic search, ifwc Wk-vo certain .Franklin had may be said of (.'apt. (iravill's su«jji;estit)ns as to Jones's and Smith's Sounds. C'apt. livSa experience wo are tauj;ht to value. If lie makes sui'h mistakes in his latitudes, Heaven (Uily can tell us what de])endence we oui^lit to place on his loti^itudes ; not to have examined tli" carpenter's caii'u was, to say tli(> least, m'^ijligent.* Finally, as to Jones's and Smith's Sounds, lu're j^iven an inulue importauct> to -an niiportance t'ounded solely on the idea that the l'i\[)edition had altoijethcr faili'd iu the south-west- -a mere supposition, which we cannot admit. If shut out from Lan- caster Sound. I''ranklin, we repeat, would nev(>r hav(^ left tlit> known for the nnkuown, witluuit li'aviiiLi; notices of his (h'termination. Dr. ]\rc('orinick's plan for searchin>i; by .lones's Sound is darim,', but airain, he is active and enthusiastic. We have alreadv ventured some observations on his plan. Sir Edward I'arry s[)eaks with niiu-h apparent decision as to the direction in which the "main s(>arch" sluMild be renewed, from a "conviction of the probaliility of tlic missiu<^ ships . . . bimii^ shut up at Mtdville Island, Hanks' I,and. or in that neiL^hbour- liood." Jle thinks l''ranklin followed his orders, and "emiiloyed two seasons in an unremittinn' attempt to [lenetrate w(>slward or south- ward towards Behrin^'s Strait, and that he is shut up at ^lelvilh^ Island, Hanks' ]iaud, or in that nei;^dibourliood," and theret'ore the "main search" should be renewed in that direction, but he does not sa\ whether to the eastward or westward of Hanks' liand; he indi- cates tlie distance as "considerable,"' as "ballliiiLi: the elforts of the Aveakened crtnvs to escape," eitlu'r by Harrow's or Hehriiit^'s Straits ; still all this is very va!j;ue;— lie admits it "conjectural." .Not a word is said of (.'a|)e Walker and the south-west : of that iin|)ortant space to which Fraidd, namely, Melville Sound. Wo aujain say, if the ima^inatiim had notliim,' lirnily to iix itself upon but conjecture- but ])robability — why not have conjectured it probable (it is admitted he would follow his orders) tiiat he iroi'/i/ i/o ir/trrr he ■ili Itions at illicer's I ones > * Soo nine Book, " Arotic Kxppditioii, 18,-2," p. 128. " Tt wns not Jones's Sound lio wai* in in that your. Il was ;i (Ici'p iiilt t, in I'nnji 7 \^ lo' N. (o To" N., (is lu'in- .T-* lie ('.in sav." i;{0 I'l.WS or SKMICII l(»l( SIU .lollS IIMNKMN. li ' mis Sill/ mill iL'rr ire niiqht la srrk liiiii • Mint is, in Melville Sdiiiid Sir I'ldwMi'd's " prdii.iliililics" li.-ivc hccii s) r(Mi<4tli(Mi("(l h\ ;i Icltcr iVoiii ("dldui'l S;il)inc. Of lliis we sIimII Ii;i\(> t( spcuk in Mur iiniicc df it, to wliii'li \vc nl'T onr rc.'Mlcrs. Sir IvKvard ini'hulcs in liis |d.in dj' search " ;i tlidi'diiLjIi cxiMiiinnt ion of \V'i'llin;,fton Clianncl . . . and otlier openings l)et\V(>en llie I'arrv Islands, . because consi- deralije \veii,dit is du(> to the conjecture olfered by persons of sound judgment, (r) tlmf if J'uUiiuj In Ihr irrsl. Sir .l'>liii I'Vanklin would 1 i-v a www^ iioiiliiTii roiilry Wliv, this alternativf was |)erniilted liiui In his Instructions. 'I'lierc' is no " soundness" evinced here; no need for conj<'ctui'e; everyone Knew it who knew aui;ht of the suhject ; then why wast(> tiiu»> and woi'ds aliout it? This (|uestion should ha\(' been considered, Uml hf J'liili'il In llir ircsliniril ninl sniifliiniri/ / jiud tlu> oidy answer that could he i^iven was. Wo did not know. The next bi'st tiling to be don(>, then, was to ascertain; to send an expedition, and lhoroui,'hly examine C'api; Walker, and thence to the sout h->vest on to Manks' Land ; in short, tlio whole of Ahdville Soinid. A passiuL!; i'xauiini!tion of the lu^idlands from VV^elliuf^tou Chaiuit I t.p IMelville Island udi^ht have been made by a second division at the same time. Sir Ivlward notices Jones's and Smith's Soinids, but it, would seem, oniy from the ''great, stress" laid upon them liy others: the vanu(> !'i>port of the caii'i) of stones seiMi by Captain liCe, he thiidxs, should be set at rest and, iinally, he believ(>s t he eti'orts of Collinson, Kai'. and I'ullen "from the south will complete a coiu'cn- tration of s<'arc'ii in tliiMlireclion of Banks' Ijand and .Ahdville Island, wliieh. he thiid ciMitred in the south and west ; and we entir(>ly ai^ree with liim, foi- there lit>s the aron in wiiich l-'ranklin was sent., ami tliero we should follo'v. Colonel Sabine snv.s, in his leltov to Sir Edward Parry, " There can be little doubt in the miiul of any onewhohas read attentively l-'raidx- lin'a Instructions . but; that he imist have made his way to lb'" F'^ofJi-irrsf pnri of Mrlcilh' Ishtiul.''' Surely there is some mis- take her(>. or we have misoonceivod Franklin's Instrnctions. The south-west part of Melville Island, as then known, was that cu ^lelville Island and Hanks' L.;;;;l. that particular part he was directtul to avoid, ''in eonse(|uen('e of l.'.e unusual m;it:;nitudo" and '" lixed slate of the barrier of ice obsei-\ed (bv I'arrv. IS'Jt^) otV that eapiv" Why, then, suppose him hut (•fth( Sii tion, sout I Cliaii wliere throw lined about views tlieiii liave l( Cap sill (ii;()it(ii: HACK — cAi'TAiN iii:k(1ii:v. ini Edwiir.l ciitiri'ly lu'iv OMIl Is way U) lino iiiis- jis. Tlu' Itrivi'ii 1>N Iroucli it. liaiiKs sOiimMU'i" n- of ii'f boso liiui 1li(>r(>, ill Ciicc (if S(>('1i(iii (5 of liis liislnict ions ? .iiid yet, C'dloiicl Sa- liiiic lias " litllc ddiilit," nl' il ; nvr can " any diic," ho says, " wiio lias road allriilivolv l''raiililiirs i iislnioiions," ;iiid " Parry's doscri|)1 ion (if tlio stale of llio ice in 1M!(-'J(>." W'liy, tliis vcrv (loscri|it idii iiidiii'od llio Adinirally to caul ion l''i.iiii\liii 1/0/ to iiiako t.lio a(lciii|)i fliat. way. Wo arc wlmlly at a loss Id account lor llic ('dldiuTs ideas on (Ids subject. Wo ninsl speak positively. It may bo Mafely aiririiuMJ i''raiiKlin never atteiiiptcd to reacli ("ajie Diindas or tlio south-west end (if Melville Island. Wv iniK nulcrctl In llw smilli-trcst I'rinii (\ipf n'dlkrr, and we had no inforiiiat ion to pnive thai he was unable to penetratt> in that direct ion. W^e cannot briiij; our minds to think that he abandoned his I list met ions, and Aveiit to a part which he was es|)ecially directed not to attempt. Wo are cdinpellcd entirely to reject that idea, so cdiitrary Id llie opinidii (if tlmse who knew liiin — that lie "was iidt a man td treat his orders with levity." Besides these, lliero is 1li(> impnibability (if his Icuriiig a llhiilnl, I'liroKi'dlili' (I )•!■(!, irlurr /lix cjirrr/irs niii/lil bf nnicnih'iiird, (d waste them on the illimitable unknown. We notice with i)leasure, and fully concur in Colonel Sabine's observation, " Where the l']s(piiiiiai;x liav(> lived, there I'liif^dishiiieii may live," and the conclusions he draws lis Id (he proliability of their existiiiL!; in iS.'iO wlio have retreated in iStS fir' I!), whether t,o .Melville Island or Banks' liaiid. The refereiici! to "Wellington Channel or elsewhere" is vafj;iie ; still it is within the letter of I'^ranklin's liistrncdoiiH, assiiminu; him as liavin<^ failed. '•to(liewes( and south of Melville Island;" but we think, if IVanklln had advanced so far as ((• the meridian of that island, he wdiild not liavi' retraced his steps (o m'dneraliy in \\w right direc- tion, — Barrow's Strai(, ]Melvill(> Island, and (hi; openings north and sdiitli,- but wo cannot agroo to the specialty given to ^Vellillgt(lIl Channel and .Jones's Sound ; lie (liiiiks '" the missing ships are somo- wliero thereabout;.;" but whore, in this extended area? If he had (lirown overboard Wolling(on Channel and .l.inos's Sound, and ciin- liiied his (ipinion (o Melville Sound, ho had jirobablv been nearer about (he posidon of tlio ships, and ii<>arer his own fdrinerly expressed views: at any rate, wo knew of nothing to induce a change from tlicm where the shijis wer(> sent, there, and (here only, could wo liav(> looked with reason to lind them. Captain IJcoolioy, with a sonndnoss df judgment that commands 11'! I 'I I i (H V. ■ ■/ II ■' Mi 1 ; • 1 > 1 ' 11 i ! T ' "> 1 1 1 I. V,V1 I'l.ANs or SKA Kill roll sin .kmin ihanklin". our atliiiinitioii, infixes ;ui ('\c('])lioii lo tlio general views rriparat(-d from the mainland by a ])assant"s Inlet, tlnis otfering the nu'ans of esca|)e to Fury Beach and Harrow's .Strait. AVe nuist confess we shoidd have looked for a retreat ini,^ party in Harrow's Strait, but not by this circuitous route. " The sounds at the bead of Jialliu's I'lay" he seems to think but little of; ho concurs in their (-.xamination. but only to avoid the "painful regret of leavinj]f them nnexplori'd, . . . in the event of l''ranklin not being discovered in other directions." It is really gratifying to record the sentiments of this excellent, now lamented, ollicer. Sir John Kichardson attaches no weight to the opinion that Frank- Ihi's sliips were lost in crossing to Lancaster Sound, or that they were barred out by ic(> at its entrance; nor does lu- l)elieve they were shut out from Barrow's Strait or AV'idlington Chainiel. He thinks I'onny might be employed in searching the outlets of .Jones's Sound in Balfiu's Bay, not becinise \w believes the missing ships entered that sound from the eastward (by that bay), but in case of their having been compelled to a northerly course fnmi Barrow's Strait uj) AWllington (^hannel, and arrested there by tlie ice; they might then try to esca])e to Bailin's Bay by the supposed comnuuiication between Wellington Chaniud am! .lones's Sound. All his arguments enforciuii these views are reasonabU', and we may say conclusive on the several points. Still he thinks '• Ihr cvjii't/ifioii pushed on to Cape Walker and to the soiffh-trext, and l/eeanie involved in the drift ice, which, there is reanon to hrlieve, iirf/ed In/ the /irerailinff irijidn and the .svV r;/' the Jlood lilies, is carried doirn to Coronation GnlJ\ throa(jh channels more or less intricate.''' These observations are of tlie greatest importance, and we can only wonder they did not receive the attentiou they ought at the time. The following is not less so :-- "Should \w (Franklin) have found no opening at Cape AV'alker, he would, of course, have sought one further to the west." Without doubt he would. Does it appear pi-obable that, because he could not reach Cape Walker, he would abandon all hoi)i' to the west, over 17 degi-ees of longitude, with every favoin-able prospect of Jlel liu Jslan sj)irit ofth Ndun iipcui slllPlll lull i; iiiiagii tliere V siu JOHN inciiAuusov. 133 Mitoivd )t' thfir li'iiil up it tluMi jotwi'cii Will ho- . which. In' x( t "/ '■h(niii('l'< wo can It at thf hValki-r. VVitlumt lie coiilil ho west, lypoct ot ofltrtiiijj; his objool, ain'. atlopt tho W'olUnt^tou Channol roulo, wliioh iiii'^ht load him he kno^v not \vhitl\or? It is iiiijirobahle. Ho would try to gain all the westing ho oould ovor tlio wliolo space hetwoeu f)S° and llo° west ; but "tindint;; tho aouthorly and westerly opening l)i()el\od by ice," or tho oxistonoe of land, ho lui^ht then, but not until ihon, have tried a northern ])assago. Of all the opinions that have been given, there are none more rational, more cogent, than Sir John Kiohardson's ; it is in coni|)leto aecordaiu-e with the general (li'sign of llio voyage and aUornative of Franklin's orders. .Siini)lo as this opinion apjjoars, it ospcc-ially marks tho careful thought and invostiijation of this ostiiuablo, highly talented man; unswerving, he li.xos his mind on tho original inti'iitions of the voyage, and all other thoughts are east away. Amidst tho whirl of distraoting opinions in others, ho still steadily follows tho movements of his former friend and oonn)anion in suH'ering,* guided and assured by the Instruetiona given to Franklin, and his brlit'f that he would not depart from them without good aiul sullioionl reason. The after expressed intentions attributed to Franklin have no inlluonce over him ; the northern openings trom liarrow's Strait and Halfni's Bay are of but little value in his estimation. AVo had as yet not aearclied for the expe- dition in the ])rimary direction in whieh it was sent, and conseiiuontly wo w"re not assured that Franklin ami his gallant oilicers and crows had not acoomplislu'd tho groat obji'ot for whieh they went forth from amongst us. It should be noticed, Sir .lohn liichardson does not ovi'u nu'ution Smith's Sound. The reasons are obvious ; it was out of Franklin's track, and altogether uidvunwii ; it was, in fact, as William liallin (its great discoverer) left it in U)l(5. The sum of tlu'se opinions is, tho majority look to the west, to iMelville Island and JJanks' Laud. The solitary opinion that I'raidi- lin " must have made his way to tho south-west end of ^Melville Island " nuist at once bo rejected ; because it is not oidy not within the !S[)irit of bis Instructions (see Sections o, (i), but is in direct violation (if tht'ui. There is nuu'h mention of Wellington Channel and Jones's vSound : the former is more conjecture, and tiie latter is founded upon it. As to Smith's Sound, how it could bo thouglit l-'rankliu should have been found in that vicinity is past our com[)rehonsiou ; hut it is another [iroof that when reason and fact are left, and imagination rules, what wihl and impi'ohablo notions are produced : there was not tlu' shadow of a ho[)e of linding our missing country- F I'auklm !iii(l >ir .10' m I^irl i;ii'iIm)11 wcri' t(i'_'('tlK'r (III thill i';(ta! I'XiuMlitioii. liii ho \ Mi lit L'o{>[icniuuc Kivcr, 181'J-20, ami agiuu i!o\ui the iluikeiizic, in Ib^j-O. 131 PLANS UK SKAIUII lull SIK JOHN FHA.NKMN, 1 Tiicii ill lliiit (liirctioM. 'I'lic iiiipost^ibility of scarcliiiif; so vast :iii oxtciit of const IVoiM tlu; soutli-west ciul of Melville Island to Smitirs Nouiid, (luring (he brief period of an Aretic siiiiiiiiei', has lieeii iiolieed. Ilappilv, .some of these oj)iiiioiis vvAwnv J'roin oliUvioii llic x/iiirr, llii' jtltiii, ftinf the Jiis/nic/ioiiN upon icliich the FmnkJiii A'.rjir- (lifioii H'tiK lo del ; 1 hey si low how sound and legitimate were the original objects of tlu' voviige. We should have wished to have seen IMelville (or Parry) Sound specifically named for rigid examination. How much more woilliy consideration than Wellington Channel, or Jones's or Smith's Sounds, the very mention of which distract from the original plan! Jii and by that 31elville Sound was centred all our fairest prospects of a passage, best hopes of iinding our country- men, and restoring them to their kindred and their homes. Jlou- ever, it is highly gratitying, amid this juiubli' of facts and proba- bilities. to observe how highly and bow je.stly the name and character ofSir.Iohn I'Vaiiklin is ajipreciated, how strongly bis sense of diit\ is insisti'd on. The hydrt)graj)ln.'r urges, ''He was not the man to treat Ids orders with levity ;" backed by Sir Edward i'arry, who adds to those words, ''which he would be iustlv charLreable with doing, if he attached greater weight to any notions which he might personally entertain, than to the Admiralty Jnstruetions." These feelings are corroborated by his early fritiid and companion in Arctic discovi'ry. Sir .lolin Kichardson : — "Jt is admitted by all who ari' intimately ac(ju:iinted with Sir John rranklin, that bis ilrst endea- vour would be to act up to tlu' letter of his Instructions. "Without delay and without landing" he " ])uslied on to Cape "Walker and to the south-west." Thi'se expressions of esteem and coniidem-e are echoed liy all ; and bowevt'r these opinituis niav (as we much r(\gri't to see) dill'er as to the direction J'^ranklin took, and the probable, or rather, improbable localities MiL;ij;i'sted bv soiiu' for search, with the desire to recover him, still all an; united in bearing testimony to the distinguished (|ualitit's of this great commaiuler. a testimony worthy the man, and the fair fami' of Sir John Franklin. liady I'rankliii (l-'i'bruary 11th, lSijt>) enclosed to the Admiraltv various oilers of service from the United States of America and Canada. The iirst in order of date is from I\lr. A\'. Suow (.New York. January 7th, iSdO).* This gentleman suggests a laud expedition, of a party of 100 men, to proceed to 31 oos(^ I'ort (Hudson's Bay), tlieuee to Chesterlield * r:irlmiiu'iitarv riipirs^, No. 107, " Airtic Expedition, 1850," pp. l37-b. h i f^pr Mn. W. 8N0AV. 135 ln) an' .'UtU'ti- ("ain.' 'HI aiul uuv (as OK. ami OllH' t'l'l' lu'ariuu' amU'i'. a luldiii. AiuiniUy rica aiul w (Now Inlet; tlic party tlu'ii to be divided into three detaehinenls. One party to proeeed westerly to the " easternmost liiiiits of discuveri/ net ■mnde from Behrina's Strait, not bovoiid ; a second partv, the cent rah to shape a course towards the magnetic pole ; and the third party (the easternmost) to ^o "direct to Prince Jiei^ent's Inlet, or the irr.s-fenniw.sf point of discovert/ from the east ;" or " if a public and more extensive expedition, one upon a similar ])lan with the same munber of men, say 300, or more, formed into three ^reat divisions, one to proceed by the Athabasca, or Great Slave Lake, and follow out Capt. Hack's discoveries ; the second, thr(>u<,'h the Churcliill district ; and the third accordini^ to the ])lan of the privat(> expe- dition before named.'' j\lr. Snow thinks "the present position of the Arctic voyaj^^ers is not very accessible either by land or sea," or loii^ ere this the .Franklin Expedition would have, if not the whole, at least a part, returned. The object of the author is to forct; an rxpeditit)n to them. The lonjj; letter, of which the above is the essence, seems to us to emanate more from enthusiasm and a human(! desire to atlbrd relief to our absent countrymen, than from rellection as to the practicability to carry it out. ( )ne hundred, and in the secoiul ])hui, 300 men through the Hudson's i5ay Company's teri'i- tories, to be '* u} held and pushing forward," seenis ditlicuU. 31r. Snow admits it, and would em|)loy "convicted crinnnals," if no (tther men would engage themselves. 'J'he employment of such men in a litMnane cause, who had forgotten their duty to their I'ellow meu amid more peaceful, less responsible, and less perilous scenes, seems to us to bonh'r closi-ly on hallucination. iJoth of these plans em- brace a (piartei- where it was scarcely probable l''ranklin or his parties were likely to be tound; if retreating from the s[)ace between Cape Walker and Haid full, kail 11h> 111 id yet a tr'\\vn to her 1,'alliuit husband (on his (h'parture), for the ^ruidance of the President and people of the l.'nited States.* She adds:- -•• It is pos.sibh' that they may be found in (piarters the least expected, but in the first instance the attention . . . n/ioiili/ hr dirrctn/ Io till' (jiitii'/t'i's jjdiii/rd lit ii! Ilw ^l(fii/irtil/i/ liiali'iictioiift Io Sir Jo/iu Friiit/i'Iiii.''f In her anxiety she calls attention to the ehainu-is Icadiiii; out of Harrow's Strait to the no th. She lueiit ions, too, " Wel- liuL^ton Chauiiel."' and "the sounds and inlets north and west of Haliin's Hay;" ami to the sniith, '" Hoothia. Noi-th Sdinerset. (Jidf nf Ijiiothia and Rei:;ent's liili't, and the coast eastward of the Coppi-r- iiune to Hack's River." The next enclosure is from Lieut. Sheranl Oshorn ((!tli October, L*^■')()).;]: After ail observation on the importance nf ^•ivillL;• to i^enennis America "a clear tield for the I'xercise of tiu'ir cnerLTy and emula- tion," he otters the following as ])oiiits for search, in which it is probable the lost expedition may be found :— "The coast of Jiepiilse Hav, llechi and l-'iirv Strait, Coiniiiittee J}av, I'elix Harbour, the estuary of the (Jreat Fish Kiver. and Simiison's Strait, with the sea tu the north-west of it." He reasons : — " Suppose Sir .loliii I'raiilvliii to have so far carried out the tenor of his orders as to have penetrated south-west from C'ajie Walker, and to have been either" cast awav, '•or hopelessly' impeded by ice," and " found it necessary to ipiit his ships, they being anywiu're lietweeii !()(_»' and l(»s° W., and 7t)° and 7;}° X., . . . tu retrace his steps to Cape Walkt-r, and thence to Hegeut's lidet, would be, uo doubt, the iirst sugLjestion that would arise, i'et there are (d)jectious to il. firstly. He probably would have to contend against the prevailing set of the ice and currents (':) and northerly winds. . . . Si'condly. If no whalers were found ill Lancaster Sound, how was he to support his ])arty where the musk ox and reindeer are never seen? Thirdly, licaving his ships in the * The tliaiiks of the Royal and tlip Hoyal (JfnijiMiiliicMl Socirt ii's wm' at this tinioolTfriMl to tlie GovoniiiU'iit and pi'oph^ of tlic L'nitod .Slates. See I'arhanientary i'aiHTs, No. 107, " Aivtic Kxpo(Ution, Is.jO," ]i|,. l |;»-:,o. t Parliamontary Papers, No. J07, " .Vrclie Kxpcdilion, iSoO," p. 11('>; nud ILid., No. t»7, 1851, pp. 1—1. X I'arliaineiitary i'aiierf, No. 107, >'.\i\ii.- l\\]!eiliiion, IS.'jO," p. |jl. I 13S I'l.ANS OK Si;Alf('ll lOU sill .KilIN lUA.N'KI.IN. i '■ .^• h i simiiin'r, . . Ik; coiiKl only rcjicli the wliiiliiiL,' <,'foim(l in I lie fall of the year. ... In .sncli cast", would it not !•(■ advisable to niakr rallicr I'or tlic soutlicrii tliaii the northern hmit of the sea visited by wluUers r l''onrtlily. Hy cd;,'inij to the sonlh rather than to the north, Sir John Franklin Avonid be falling baeli to, rather than j^'oinj; from relief, and increase the probabilities of ]tr(»viding food tnr his larf,'(! j)arty." liieut. Osboni thinks he would not go "due south," because " Victoria Ijaud was in his road, and when he did reach the i\nierican shore, ho would attain a desert of whose hormis he no doubt retained a vivid recollection." lie adds: — "Then' re- mained but olio route for Sir John l''rank! in ... to follow, and it decidedly has the following,' merits, — that of beiiij^ in a direct line for the whale iishery ; that of Icadiuff throuf^h a series of narrow sea> ailapted for . . . open boats; that of being the most expeditious route by which to reach Fort C'hurc'iill ; that of leading throui,di a region visited by Ksqnimau.v and migrai.ory animals ; aiul this route is throu(/h the ulrails of Jmiifs lio.sK, (tcrosn the nttrroic ixllinitui of Buulhia Felix (which was not su|)])05i'd to exist when Sir .lohn Franklin left England, ami has since been discovered (?) . . into the Gulf of Boothia, where he would pass by Jlecla and J-'ury Strait into the fishing grouiul of Hudson's Strait, or else go southward down Comnnttee Hay, cross the Jiae Isthmus into Hepulse Hay, aini endeavour from there to reach some vessels in Hudson's Hay, oi- otherwise, i'ort Churchill. It is not unlikely, either, that when Franklin had got to the eastern extremity of James Jioss' Strait, and found land . . . where be had expected to llnd a strait, that his |)art\ might have ili\ided, and the more active . . . attempted to asceiul J}ack's liiver, where we have Sir George Hack's authority i'or sup- posing they would iind . . . abuiuhince of food, in li>h and herds of reindeer, etc." (r), " whilst the others travelled on t'le road I have already mentioned. ... A search for them, therefoiv, on this line of retreat I shoidd think highly essential." Jiieut. ().sborii suggests the following plan, of which we can only give the outline:— "Suppose a well-i'cjuipped exj)i'dition to enti'r Hudson's Strait. and then to divide into two divisions, one to go northward through Fox Channel, to liecla and Fury Strait, examine the shores of the lal t ci- carefully, . . . and proceed to jMelville, or Felix Harbour, in Boothia, . . and despatch . . boat parties across the nei-k of the isthmus into the western waters, . . divide, . . and one |)arty to proceed through James Koss' Strait, and push over sea. ice, f)r land to the uortli-west as far as possible. . . . The other boat I'J . 'IM! WfB LIEUT. SHEUAlil) (isiU)UN. 130 |)ai'ty to cxiiiiiiiic llu- cstiiiiry of tlic (Irnit l''i>li liivcr,"" mid •' west- ward aloiiL,' till" coMst of Simpson's Sti';iil. " ;iiid " t'\;iiniii(' tlic Mroad Hay foriiii'd hctwiu'ii it and l)('a.s(''s Slrait." Tlif scroiid division '• nii'j;lit pass sontli of Soiitlianiptoii Island, and coast alon^ tVoiii Clu'storlirid lidil (uui'tiiward) to Jicpulsc liay : there boat parties iiu;,dit cross Kae latijinus into tlio Itottom of C'uinnnttre Hay, . . . visit hotli shores of the said bay, and rcndiv.voua at the western en- trance of h'liry and lli-ela Strait. . . . The second division should ihcn pass into Kox Channel, and turning' thronu;h lleclu and l''nry Slrait, |)ick n|) tiie boats at tlie rende/.vous." and "steer northward aloni,' the indvnown coast exlendini,' as far as Cape Kater," and from thence "to liCopold Island, and havinj^ secured the shi])s there. dcs[)atcli boat or travelling; parties in a direction south-west tVoui Ca[)e Keiniell (North Somerset), beini;' in a ])aralh'l line to the line (if search we shall adopt from Ca[)e Walker, and at the same time it uill tra\erse the unknown sea beyond the islands lately ohservetl by Captain Sir James Uoss: some such plan wdidd, I think, ensiu'e your ;,'allant husbanil beint; met or assisted, should he be to the south (ir west of Cape Walkei', and attempt tit return by a south-east I'durse." l5efore wo jiroceed farther with this plan, we would draw attention to the remarkable ruti'imiun fitnlnutnl llic line uf avtirch is takin;,' ivich recoMunendatioii increases it yet more. Already search has hcen pro|)osed from " Melville Ishiud in the west to the ^reat sound at the head of Jjallin's Bay in the east," incdudiufj; the passaijes hctwei'U the Parry Islands and the AVellin'fton Channel : this by the iioilh. Jluilsoii's Hay, J''ury and lii'cla Straits, liepulse Hay and Kci,'ent's Inlet, JJoothia, Simpson's 8trait, Back's liiver, and on to the Coppermine liiver, in the south. How to reconcile such widely extended and dill'erent directions for the escape of a retreatiiii^ I'iU'ty, (ii'ii,'inally ordi'red to Cape Walker and the south-west, we are sorely pci'plexed. We had not, at this time, a particle of information to !,'uide us, but the knowled!j;e of where we had sent Sir.lohn I'raiddin. How their Lordshi[)s at the Adnuralty, with such contlietinjj; and opposite elements before them, endjnicin;^ half the compass, could arrive at auythini; like a sound conclusion, we cannot conceive, unless they were themselves ''well up" on the (juestiim; but it must, even then, have been a <,'reat trial for their j)atieuce. It will have been observed, that no |iosilive plan is yet otl'ered for searcluniic. or (illifi's ](■(! sdlrly liv llifir liiiiiiiiiif It 'flings, win; would sciirrli lirrc. llitTc, cvn-N ulicri'. liowcscr iiiiprobalilt' llu! direct imi, so tli.'it our l(»ii;,'-aliHi'iit (•ountr\ iiitii iiiii,'lit In- loinid and rt'slorcd. ISut tlir iiididi,'fii('t' of llicsc rf('liiiL,'s oidv ltd to wcakiit'ss in our o|it'ratioiiM ; \\f atli'iii|itfd too luiu'li. and disa|i|)oinl!ut'iit followed, as u\\<^\\\ lie ('\liffti'i|. Ill tlic prcliilory rt'iiiarks to tlio plan l)i lort" us, \vc iiui>t iiotiiT scNcral disrri'paiififs. ai'isiiii; iVoiii lias|_\ llioiiLfJil. I''irsl. if llic lApcdll ioii uas so I'iir ut'stuard, >av. •• lit'tuciMi JlKl jiud Ids \\',. aiitl 70' aiitl T;}*^ N..'" in attfiiiptiiii,' to rtlracf his stt-ps to tlic cast- wanl l''raiiKliii was not lilvcis to lu' iiiipt'ilcil. hv fitlitr tlif sfl ol' llir ifc or "iiri'fiils. It was Wfll kiitiwii tlic ;,'ciicral current ran to llic eastward into liallin's I5a_\ . and w it li it the ice; t licrctore he would he assisted anil iiol, inipeiled hy it. 'riieii, as to the isthiiiiis of r>oi)tlii;i l'eli.\ no! heiiiLj sup|)osed lo exist when l''rankliii sailed, hut disni- vel'cd since. This is ipiii.e erroiictins ; the Koss's e\peditioii iliMu- \ered it during their Ioiil; ca[)ti\ity heri' from IS"J!t to ';{:$, and rrankliii was aware of its existence. However, he may have taken advantani' o\' the isthmus and its tdiain of lakes to reach the (iiilf ul' Hoothia. We certainly think this far more jiroliahle than his .•ii- teniptiiiLi. a retreat liy tlu' supposed passaj^e lietweeii IJack's Ui\er and the holtoiii of liei^eiit's Inlet, more to the southward — it was nearer I'liry lU-ach and its sup|)lies, and it should uot he forgotten, the sonthei'ii part of Ke^ent's Inlet was unknown when he sailed. Lieut. Osliorn thinks he would jjass by lletda anil l''ury Strait to the lisliiiii,' LMMUiid of Hudson's Strait, or cross Kae Isthmus into Kepulsc Bay. The lirst otlers, aceordinjf to I'arry, an ice-Mocked strait, im very o;ri>;it reeoinnieiulation,— we therefore think it very unlikely t>i have been adopted. The soeoiul iiiiijjht have bt>cn atteiii[)ted ; hut it should 1)0 remembered it was little known, and consetpiently uncertain, Uae's discoveries in Is 17 I'raiikliii was, of com-se, unaware of. Frank- lin never expected to liiul a strait eastward of .lames lin.-' Strait, across the Isthnuis of Hoothia. The author seems to have cont'oiindid the snp|)osed strait from Hack's River with one a.-ross the islhmus. lie thinks one party may have ascended Hack's Jiivi-r, and, ifweare imt sli'a!i'4tdy mistaken, misipiotes Sir (ieorge Hack us toils "abundance nl' lisli ami herds of reindeer," I'iic. We think it in the liii;liest degree improbable that any party would make an attempt by that '■execrable river," with its eiLiiitv falls, ami its scarcitv of animal life. Mciii. H '' ( r 1 J jyL lilmW i. «« i il ill gotten, siilcil. ti) llir nil \Vi\ \<< lull it ■iTliiin. I'nink- Slniil. '(illli(lnl StlllllUS. lire nut (UllU'tMll' t (It'Ljrrc Mcralilc liriT. SIIKIlMIl) OHll(»|;\. I II (•>li(i|'ll M'clU-* llltdLJt'l licr Id liilM' tnri,'( lit I'll /''/'/•// /Irai /i (iiiif i/.i Slip. filirs, iitiil till' iiii|Mii'timr(' III' Mjirrow's Siiviii ih n iiicmms \\li(piilil In* Indlvi'il I'm' s(i iiiiirli to the .smit liwanl ami ca-t wiicil. Ii\ Hack's lvi\( r in prcrci'iMici' t(» I'ort licnpdld and Fury IJcacli. We liad nut rcaclii'd Capi' Walker, and tlirrcl'dri' knew lUil what direction lie liad taken, otherwise than tliat cdiiveyed in his lust met idiis. We knew iidlliiiiL,' of the space bctwei'U it and IJanks' liaiid; it uiiLjht he water, t'acilitat iiiL; his coiii'se to the south-west ; why. then, look tor hiiii in the south-east ';■ Ai,'aiii, there was eiicoiiraL;eiueiit to look to th(> south-west, in the llood tide noticed hy Sir .lohii Uichardsoii. as ciitiiini,' down ('oronatimi ( iult" from t lie northward and eastward, as lie sup|)osed, I'roiii hetwcen \'ii;toria and Wollaston Lands. With respect to the plan, tlu' assumed position for the niissini,' ships is hy 11(1 means iiiiprohahle ; we jire. therefore, the more surprised that the author of it should have looked to the Isthmus of liootiiia or Hack's Kiver as the direction in which Franklin would retreat (the former was pruhahh', the latter not), Marrow's Strait was equally near, and iiioi-e known. The observations we liav(> made on the author's prefatory remarks ap[)ly to the |(laii itself. We think it in a wronj; direction, and the course |)rop()spd for the oxpodit ion. by Hudson's liny and l''ii!'y and llecla Straits, we consider altogether imi)raetieable. seeiiit^ the iiia'niitude of the ohslaelos and the delay that beset J'arrv, Lvon, and Hack in their attempts to reach He^^ent's Inh't In that way. They were insurmountable, and yet seem not to have had due weiifht and retlectioii in the present case. The northern partof the search pi'dposed, that is. t'rom ('a])i> Keiinell to the south-west, c.iiild more easily be accomplished by way of Harrow's Strait, and if the hdtldin dl" Kei^'cnt's Inlet rctpiired searidi, which at tliis period, when Cape Walker had yet to be examined, was doubtful, a boat e.\|»editioii t'roin Fort ('hiirchill, rid Repulse Hay, would have comph>ted it well, if (Idiie as it had been |)reviously done by Dr. Hae, Is 17. Hy the same route, Hack's Uiver, .lames Koss', Deaso's ami Simpson's Straits iiiii,dit have beeu examined. W(? nuist confess with astonishment lliat such a route as that by Fiuy and llecla Strait should have had ail advocate. es|)eci-illy as time was then so preoioiis, -when the failure, or even the loss of a season, mi^lit 1)o franu;ht \;ith much misery if iidt death to those in whose favour the plan was proposed. We can •••ee nought but failure in this ])lan in all its divisions, whether we 1,1 ri n I , ^ i: lif V I 1 i' ■ 1 T' • ^ iL'i '^M IfS PI, \3rs OF sEAHcn Ft>Ti sru joitn fhaxkltn. cniiSidrr llic M;ivij(!iti()n (if l''i)\'s CliMiiiicl. or 1lic nttonipt to ])usli llii'ftiigfh l''iirv Jiiul llcelii Slrnil; iiiid jit'tcr llic cxiKM-ioncc avc \\u\o liSjil fill" till' icc-oiu'iinihorrd |{ci,'(Mit's ;iilt'(. we sliiill not. wo trust. In- tl»9ii<>flit |ii'('siiiii|) oxpcrioticc of tlio |):ist, lliiit .'ill nttoiupls to cmss I't^iiii l''iirv and Iloi-la Stniit to Melville or I'elix ll;irl)oiir would he uttPi'ly iiui)raetieal)lo. Tlio new departure reeominonded, viz.. fmia (\'ipe Henncdl to 1li(> south-wost, is beyond our conception. What i^Sult^ant i^'ood could possildt arise from such a course? AVliitt value ll^e Iraversinn; of an "unknown sea"? rather a sound, or afe 1)(»S)^ an intricate strait, where l''rant\lin was not ordered to <,'o, a1»n spealoS of Sti,ijli\ alludes to it as "an argument that has beco brought forward;" hut liii tliinks it ipiite possible I'ranklin, '•having failed in getting tliKivugh the middle ice, . . may have turned nortliward, and gone up ^mitl*'@i Sound. Every mile beyond its entrance" was new ground, an^ii I'OAvard to thi^ discoverers ; it likewise brought them nearer tlic Hftle, " and . that open sea oi" which Wrangel speaks so con- stantly " Is this probable? ]Io is here made to attempt a sound fi<*t@<,eii meiit'oned in lijLs Tnstructioiis. Tt will be scarcely credited, --(Bsnd yet tins is not all,— the very limited area to which b'ranklin ^Ss directed s&miis now altogether K>st sight of; the south-west is for- got t;c)i ; that area to which our attention ought to have been solelv contined. It had tiecome extended, as we have noticed, from Melville l^slriyd in tjie west to the lioad of liailln's Bay iirthe east ; but even this (i^lenSion for search in a nortliern direction x^now deemed iiisii//i- &t'iif, silid is tio be liftrtl»er oxtended eastward. "I think," says tlii^ plB/n l\j}foi^-u3. "a small division of vessels starting from S|iitzbergen. and pushing in a north-west direction, might be of great service ;" for rjKrr. sirKinitn oshoun. li;i It will W Hovu S|„(/|„.,-ir..„ is ns near thr prohahlo position „f '•'•••'"KliM (// /»■ irrut Hurlh ohoHl), „ii lli.> fasl as l5,-hi-iM"" m.rtli; imagination can no turtlu'i- -o ! A uortlicni limit IS I,,,... assiirnrd to (inrnlan.l; it is conuM-tcl into an island lam s e.xpcn.n.v of tlu' soa nortl, of Spit/,bo.-oi. s.Tms not t.. have beou consnlt.,1 ; but we now leave tliis plan. IIuv ing eiideavou,v.l to do justuv to ,t by eopions .piolation, bow far, if adopted, it i)res,-nts m Ks detads any reasonabh" bop,, for tbe recovery of tbe j,.dlant l;ninklin and bis companions, wbo were ordered in a n.ntrarv dir,-e- tion, we must b.ave to our rea.b'rs mor,' conversant witb tbe'subject «1''''-' <"irsc.lves; for onrseKrs, w.> believe it does not : on tbe <-ontrarv we t indv sucb plans allure attentiou from tbe true .lireetion for ^earcb, and may lead us to bitter r.^llections and painful endlesa regrets C)tl„.r enclosures are from Jobii Kussel iJartlett, Es,,.* to tbe Hov Di-.Scoresby (Nov. I27tb, islD), on.Vmn. a plan (but wbieb docs not app.-ar ni tbe Mb.,. IJook), also a letter from ('apt. W. F. [.vn.-b, L.S. Navy, K..itnry Papers, No. Id? " Arctic Expedition, 1850," p. )o|.. ..I li'. Ill j ' ) rTTAPTEU VITT. DU. KlN(i— l{r,\r.\l?KS- I'I'.N'NV AM) STl'.WAIIT S A I T,— INSTIUf'Tri )XS - AISTIN AM) .MMANK.V S A 1 I, - I NSI|{ ICTION S — SI i: .lOlIN IIOSS SAILS — UllMAKK. ''I'lllNCi; Al.lililfl" S A I I.S — " I'l! I NCK ALUKKT"' ifCiTHNs — Ksc^rnrAix imm-oim- — rinsr tkacks or khanklix — Ul It Vli:\VS, IS.'iO — VKAli |S.')() ( l.dSKS. Br. KlNfi, in a letter, dated l-'ebruary 18, 1R50, to tlie Admiralty, aach them to bi' most applicable for the purpose. The (iovernmeiit ought but lightly to I'steem that person who could move for even a bit of paper in reference to futun; |)roci'e(lings, who did not at the saini- time acknowledge what thiy had already done u|)()n the same subject. At the same tinu' he w;i.s bound to urgi' upon them not to lose a month, a week, a day, or even an hour, in seeking to rel(>ase those gallant men froni their perilous position. Im)1' every former expedition had failed, if not entirely or principally, yet in some nu'asiu'e, at least, from not having bi'cn sent forth from tliis country at an earliei- period, in order that the search mii,'ht be etl'ectual, it ought to commence in li(i()iiix Jiaji, a1 the end of May or the beginning of .June, so that it might take advan- tage of the lirst opening in July. . . Jle had not saiil a word on Onlci'c 1 by tin' lloiisi- of Coinmons to lio pvintfd, Mni-oh .'jfli, IS.SO, Xd. 107 PI DEBA'I'F, IN TUK IIOl'Si: or COMMONS. 145 liOSO li_V )plif!iMi' 'vm that t'lituro l\a til lev > he was or I'Nfii piM'iloiis Itircly 111' \vvn si'iil liiit tin- />•«//, :it to atlvan- l on worn 107 tho Pubjoft as bciiiL,' out* counoctt'd with hiniianity, witli national honour, or with scicnco ; but tho tbelinu; of luinianity i)U eiiifaged in making preparations for rescuing our count ryineu. Jle believed there was no precedent in history of one nation sending forth an expi'dilion to rescue the lives of the subjects of aiutther nation. He did not know whethei', either in the case of liussia or of the United States, their hopes had been reali/.ed; l)ut the honour of England re(iuired that etl'orts should be inad(> by Hiigland herself to rescue our own countrymen. . This was not a private cpies- tion, he would not therefore introduce private consid(>rations ; but when he reflected on the e.xtraoi'dinary coiuluct of the wife of Sir .lobn Franklin, of lu'r self-denying ellorts in the cause of hei- husband and his c-onipanions : when lu" considereil the hundreds of persona who were interested in the fate of the husl)ands anil brotlu'rs now engai^ed in that expedition, lie thouLrht lie did not nureasonablv prefer his suit to the First liOrd of the Admiralty, when he expressed a lio|)0 that be would take the subject into consideration, not merely from a sense tif huu' '.nity towai'ds those wIhj were missing, or from a sense of national honour, or from a consideration for the cause of science, but also from a sympathy for the ani,'uish and suspense that had been f(>lt by so many of those who, though breathing tho same genial air with ourselves at home, wen' sull'eriug i'or those who were now sepai'ated from them, and weri' existing in tlu' regions of an ice-bound /one." The First liOrd of the Admiralty. Sir Francis liaring, stated in rejdy that it was the intention of the (jiovi'rnment to s(Mul out again in search of Sir .lobn Franklin, by Jiancaster Sound, anil that the various jilans submitted to them had received their most anxious consideration. He thought it right to state that he had never done tlu' House of ("onnnons or the country the injustice to suppose that expense would be an obstacle when the lives of their fellow couutrynu'U were at stake (an expn^ssion received with accla- lui'tion by the House), and that everything that human power could do should be done to save the lost expedition ; while he was ijlad '* to say that His lm])erial Majesty, the Fni[)eroi' of Russia, the Fnited States of America, and tho Hudson's liay Company, hail most cor- ilially entered into these views, and luanifesled the most earnest s\ m pat by." (,o I'l \Ns (ir si;\i((ii rmt siit .iniiv iitWKi is. i',' Tlic I'lrst Lnnl iiiiLjIit well sny, in s|)('iikiii^ ol' I lie pliiiis siiliiiiillcil I'l llicni, lliMt lli('\ liiiil vfft'wrt] ini.riii/is niiiKh/n-ii/niii : llirv were so limiKM'iills, sii colli I'llillcl Dl'V , liml >o wiiIcK rxlrlidrd, ll (Irliinililnl I he rMTClsc oi' rMr\ ;lll\iol|s tliolinlil .■linl colisidcrill Ion. llilll t Ili'V slioiijil hi' ciialiK'il to (list iii^iiisli ln'lucfii tliosc wliicli li;iii i-ciisoii :inii |ii'o- l);iltililv lor lluir li;isis ;\ml tliosc wliicli ucrc iiicrclv llic iiliiiisililc ciii.'in.'it Ions of iicMlcil ||ioiil;IiI . 'I'lic AiliiiiralU iniisl lia\c prcsciilcd at this t iiiic tlic similil iidc ol" :i very HhIhI : such tlic " coid'iision of toiiLjiics," viciiii; with llial contusion of old. \\ oidd lhc\ had liccii scattered, and coni|)lete(l the reseinlil.ince ! Their lordslii|is saw t he chaos around tlieiii. and |iro- bahiv dreaded the evil that iiii^ht arise out ol' such coiillict iii;^ ele- ments; hut out of t lieiii. we are lioiind to sa\ , t he \ sought to " e(nice <,'i)od."' Thev saw the ilmiiicr nj' ih Imi, and out of the discordant nia/e. the (UstracI iiii:; eleiiicnts hcfore tlieiii. eii(h'a\oured to elicit l''act and IVutli. I'er|ile\ed tiie\ were on all sides ; 1 he Wdnder, tlieii. is. not that ('a|ie W alKer. and ihciii'c to the south-west, should li.ave rcccixed only .-i secondary consideration. I>iil that the lirsl poiiit ol' Sir .lohn rranlvlm's Instruct ions should lia\e heen reiiieiiihered, or. it" reinemlu'red, heen considered at all. The aiKocates I'or the scari'h hy the north certainly eoiit rihntcd their share to this chaolic result ; lliDsi" aihocatiiii^ the se.arih southward ol" Uarrow "s St rait, howe\er erring in detail, must lie considered coiii|iar;it i\elv as hariuless; iuas- nuicli as they looked in a more reasonahle direction. However, false as iiian\ \.A' tliese o|tinions wfre, tlie\ Icil to the e(|ui|)ment. .and des- patch ot' two evjiediiions hy the way of Harrow's Strait, as will he noticed, in due coiirse; each indepeiideiit ol' (he itllier, hut , anomalous as it may seem, Imlh inii/i'r tlic iliniiinn oj' llic (lurn-iniiciil. In March iiilellim'iiee w;is recened from Lieut. \V..I.S. I'ulleii and Dr. Kat«. Lieut. I'ullen.* aceem|tanied hy Mr. W. II. Ilooper.t with three be.'its. let't tlu' I'lunr o\\' Wainwri^ht Inlet, .liil\ 'J'l, I Sji), to ex.amine the coast between it and the .Mackenzie Kivei-, where tliev arrived on Sept. oih, ls|!). lla\inL!; :icliieved this ad\entiirous \d\;it;-e in sat'tMy. tlu>y enci)imtt'red several mishaps, all ot' which, with the usual ready (Expedients of o\ir sailors, wiM'e soon overcome, hut willi- ont discoveriiii: any traces of the I'raidvlin Lxpeditioii, luir had aiiv of tlie Ksi|uiiaau\ with whom tliey eoinmuiiicati'd sei-n anvtliiui,' of ships or men. 3lr. I'ulleii and iiis party were accompuuied hy the See liliio Hook, ".Vntic Isxiii'ditioii, 1S,")2, l>iv 2:1— ;in. + Vuiluir (if " Toil Months .tiiioul; tlic '\\-\\\* of llu' 'I'liski. '1 i>ij i; \ i; \i I!, wi 1,1,1 \ \i I'|;nn ^ 1 1: ',11 Mil KC ii:il(His 'ullrii |'\;iiniiu' arrivrd \nv^v in ilh llu- i\ willi- ;iil :iii_v hint,' >'l by Ihr Xiiiit'll f)inrnfni. \!i('li1, owikmI .-iihI ciiimiiiimlfil liy Kultrrt Slicildiiii, I'lstl,,* III , '111(1 Im'V'li,'iiii'c 1)1' ,'i iimsl iiiii'iily. mill iiiiiu,s crcu. \)v K':ii'. ill il ilrs|i:i(cli iImIciI Sc|i|. I , I S |!),+ del .'li |s lii,-< iiiisiicccssl'iil iitlcmpt to ri'iicli \Vii||;is|iiii l<;iiiil iVoiii I lie ('n|i|irriiiiii(' K'iv rr, (Inriiii,' llic p.'ist summer. Il will lir niiu'iiilMTt'd lliaj llii,-i iiiilrlMl iL^'iiMc 1 ni- \ill('r liiiil liccii iiit n 1, steel l.y Sir , lulu i UieliMnlsoii with t he exjilor.'it inn nl' ;i stl'Mlt then sii|)|i(ise(l to e\i>t helweell W Hlh^t i m mill i'lilik.s' I, Minis; mill, if [iiissihle. In I'e.Meh I>;iIiI\n" LmIkI. '" lie .'lecom [ili,-~|icr| the jiuirMey In (';i|ie K riiseii.-l erii. Iml nil his ;il IciiimIs —Jiiid they were iiiimerniis mid diiriiej, In elliel t he I f;i\erse In Wnlhistnii LmimI were hallled, hy the lieiivy p.'iek ice which entirely Icirred the pmi^ress nl' his hn;|( . I l;i\ in;j; w;iited in llnprs nl' ;i chmiL^e lis |nllL( iis he cnllhl, t;iKiiii,' iiitn eniiMderiit mn I he imper.'il i\ i' necessity nl' ret urn iii'^ hi fore the elnsiiiLj Up n|' the ( 'nppermilie IJl\er, he w;is reliietmitl\ enill- pelled In ;iiimidnii the enlerpri^e. "[: One iiiiu'ht rcL^M'el this hiiliire nl' success, hut <'nllld llnf himiie : ;i perus.il ol' this despjilcji will coli- \ iiice t he mnst e \ act iii'^ t here was iin lack nl' evert inn nn Dr. line's part. .Mr. WiHiaiii l'eiiii_\ was now (April) appniiited to the cnmmaiui nt'tlie /,//(/// l''riiii/t/iii and the So/i/iin ; the latter under .Mr. .\le\- Miider Stewarl. Well manned ami prnvisimied, they sailed from Aherdeeii ,\|)ril ]'.U\\, |s")(>. The reasmis assii^ned hy the liords of the .\dmirallv lor appniiilini,' Mr. Meiiiiy In this aiiomalnus e(immaiid, iiiav thus he tjiven in hriel" extracts from t heir nrders In him, dai.ed .\pril 1 Ilh. is:>(>.;^ "Section *J. In eidriistinL; ynii with the ahnve comiiiaiid, we do not deem it advisaltle to i'uniish ynii with minute instruct inns as lo the course voii iire to |)iirsue. In acceplini,' your oU'er of servic.'c, regard has heeii had to \oiir Ioul^ e\perieiice in Arctic nayiLrat ion mil lo the allcntioii you have e\ Ideiil ly | laiil lo the siihiect of tl iiiissiiiij; ships. \\ f deem il evpedieiit rather lliat ynii shniild he iiist riiclcd in nil the rirciimstances ni' the case, and thai you sliniihl he left lo the exercise ot'yoiir own judL,qiieiit, nnd discretion. * 'I'liis gtMitlciiinn liiul fomicrly ix'cu in tlir Nnvy. lii' dii'il cjn lii^ rctiini, at Mii/iitlaii, imicli c.-lci'iiu'd ami siiiccrt'iv laincnhd. lie wmj tlir lii>t to ciiiuin- iiii\ iiralc tilt' [flolii' 111 a viu'li t Parliaiinnlan l'a]ui's, N'>. il", " Arctic Kxpcflitioii, Is.'il,"' p. II .'lO. X Sec" .\iniivcr>ai'_v .ViMrcss ol'tlic I'rc^idiiit ol'thc Royal (icui;ra|ijiicMl .Society, Ciilit. (now Admiral) AV. JI. Snivtli, Mav, lS.-,0, |i|., I., li. § Pai'liamciitiiry I'aiws, No r>'.)7, " ,\reti'' Mxiwdiiion, Is.'.o," p. •_'. , i ;!i 118 I'l.ws oi si:\i!( II ii>i£ silt .loiiN ritWKi.iv. nt ) "Section ;{. — I'm' tliis piirpusc yoii will lie t'liniislicd w it li (•(i|)ics ol' till' (iriniii.'il liislniflidiis j^ivcii to Sir John l-'ninklin, ;nul wliicli Instructions will imlicatc the coiirsi* lie wiis ilircctcd to pnrsnc, to- pt'tlicr witli our onlci^ iuid directions to Sir .lanics Ross, . . in tilt' H[)rin;^ of is ts. " Si'ctioii l. — Voii will be awiu'c that the case virtually stands now as it (lid tlicn ; Sir James Uoss, from advi'rsc circmustancus, failed in discovering' traci'rt of the niissiiii;- expedition. '•Si'etion '). — Onr orders of May J)th, iStS.to Sir James Hoss, will serve as the indication of our views of the <,'eneral course you will have to ])ursiie ; but it being our earnest (h'sire that a certain strait viiowii as Alilnniuni Jottrs x i^oii/ii I slionltt \)v searclietl, vou ure ni'ocei . directed to proceed in the tirst instance to that sound . 'dint; • i" the direction of W'cllint^ton Strait, and on to the I'arrv Islands and IMelville Island. Si'ction 0. — .Vt the s; une time vou will bear in mind that Sir John Franlilin'a orders were ' lu piiKh on lliroiKjh l.ducdslcr Soii/nl vithont utoppiiii/ lo r.ndiiinr unij openiiufx north or noiilli tif lltal son ml. till he had rcttrhvd ('mu: IWdkr Obstructions mav liave forced Sir John Franlilin n<^ Sijund, tlic lute |)i'riod of llic year wlit'ii Smith's Sound is said lo bo open woidd roiidor it ditlicidt, it' not iiiipossihlo, to contiiiuo a soarcli in that (inartor with tho soouriiig a passaLjo into Tiaiioastor Sound bof'oro tho season oh)sod. "Sootioii 10. — Much ot'thf paijit'id anxiety tliai now ovists respoot- \\\\S, the niissini;; ships ini^h^ possibly have boon avoi(K'd it' i,'i'oator earo had boon taken to h>avo traces of Hieir j)rom'ess." AVe cannot l)nt notice in those instrnetions ot" tlioir lonlships, Sec- lions 'J, M, and I. They acknowh'd!j;e Capt. Penny's "experience in Arctic navii^^ation " juid "the snbjoct of the missing ships," Init yet I hey doom it expedient that ho shoidd l)e ■•instructed in all tho eir- ciniistances of the t-aso." if ("apt. Penny (wo mention it with every res[)ect for him) was not •'well up" in tlie (piestion, he ought not to have been employed; a mere ice-master was not wanted, bnt the sciontitic comiu.mder of an expedition; one perfectlv eonversant with tho original ]dan and instrnclinns. a.iid upon what gronnds they wore based. We l\:ivo always imagined that the reipiired l pre- ceded the appointment to an extraordinary service, and not fallowed it. Was there any latent feeling of doubt as to the employment of ('apt: lin Peniiv r Did the .Navv l-isl contain un elliciont nami's? Atrain. to direct him to .lones's Sound bet'oro it was Ki loun rranUini, having failed in the soulh-west, had taken a northern channel, looks very like sendin<4 Penny in the jiursuit of a myth ; and their lordshijis seem to be under the same impression, for inunedlately after he is recalled to that most important section. .No. o, of Sir .lohn l-'ranklin's instructions, direct in-^' hiiu to "push on through Lancaster Sound (and {^arrow's Strait) xvithont stopping to (>xamine any openings utirlh or south of that Strait, till he had reached ('a[io Walker."' When it is remeinbered that Sir .lames ]\oss had failed in getting to (' 111)0 w lIKi r. and that no new facts had arisen — in sboi-t, •" that th case stood virfualK now as it did tiioii, it does seem siirprisin th that Penny was not at once nr/lrmf lo C/'/ir Httlkcr niiell (not ('a])e Wall. or and ( lid not discover anv traces of i''ranklin. therefore he failed to u;et into l.aiica tor Sound, and proceeded at (Jiice in the direction of Smith's Sound, is really so eminenily ridiciihius tiiat we lost in wonderment how such nioii^trdus notions could have come are into existence and a place in jjnnt. lie T. Smith's Sound is to bi' oxamined, if Penny (shut out early fr.im .lones's Sound) can achieve "a contingcncv scarcelv to bi' contemj'Iated : "' viz., without 150 I'l.ANs or si;auim r(»i! >\u .khin ik.wki.in. ! i 1*', i^' li;i/iinliiij^ tlif cliiiiicrs bv Wflliii^loii Sli'ait, ihc I'ariT Islands, and ('a|)n Walker, lu'lorc the season closes -an exploit pronounced "diHi- ciilt," we slionlil say iiii/ios.si/ilc. Tliese Instructions seem to iis, like "a rn|)e coiled ai,'ains1- the snn,"' to licLjin the wront,' way; that is, with .Jones's Sound, Smith's Sound, Weiliui^'ton Channel, the J'arry Islands, and lastly, Ca|)e Walker. Now. we should have he;,Mm the H( \\ arch at Cape Walker; and lor this I'eason, --the I'rankliu Kxpeditiou as sent in that direction ; and liaviuL,' examined it and the south- est from it, and lindini; no trace of the expedition that way, we iui<,'Iit liavi' turned our thouiihls to Wellington Channel and the J'arry Islands, hiif .Jones's and Smith's Sounds we ret^ard as iil/ct/rf/ur viil oj' llic Iritr liiti' Jar acarcli. A ^'reater [)root' cannot he j^'iven of the distraction rulini^ at the Councils of the Admiralty at this period than these instructions. The w ild absurdity of "assumed intentions" on Sir .lohn l''rauklin"s pjirt to attem|)t a route contrary to his written instructions is visibly forciiii; at tent ion in a wrouLj and utterly hopidess diri'ction. Chai,'rinand failure could not but follow. Whatever fci'lim; or "good intentions" their lonlships may iiave possessed, they arc made foolishness by untoward inlluencesaud wild iinai^inary schemes. It is clear we could hope for no u;ood result s tVom .Mr. I'enny's i'\- pedition, as far as re^arils the relii'f and restoration of our unfortunate countrynuMi. Let the north wind howl o'er them as it list ! We thiidv the remark (Section 10). "that much of the anxiety that now exists i'es])ectin<^ the missini^ ships mi^lit have been avoided if ijreater caic had bct'u taki'ii to leave traces of their |»i'OL,n't'ss," (piiti' uiuu'cessary, — nuieed. unpist. of his |)ro»aval olllcers ; thev were also to <:;o by the v ay of Barrow's Strait. The Jit'Kohito, Capt. Horatio T. .Austin, C H. ; \\\ii Assinlaitcf, Capt. Erasmus Ommaney : the l/ifrrj)iif and Pio/trrr, scnwv-tenders, commaiuled respecti\i'ly b\ Lieuts. S. Osborii and I. U. Cator. This e\[)edition. fully equipped and manned, sail'-d tVom (iiveidiitlu' .Alav Itli. IS.')!*. Tin- ordci'.- .1; ' ti ln'V \V»'1V v>\ (■■-M'l- Inniaiu'V : Itnrly I'S li'iiuipi"''! the Houses of I'arlianient. Jiy reference to theiu \w would lie " nwuh' aware that the opiinons of the most ahU' and expe- i-ienced persons eniniected w if h I'olar navi<;ation " had been taken, and '' iiKiiiii \aluable conjectiM'eH "' made. '• It has been suggested that Sir John I-'ranklin may have tdfecti'd his passage to INlelvilk' Ishmd and been detained there. . . It lias ai,'ain been suggested as possible, that his sliips may l)e detained in the neighbouring sea, . . and that . . he may liave aban- doned them and made liis escape to that island. . . 'J'o these •possibilities' you will give every proper weight." *■ Section I. It therefore appears to us to be a main object of tlu* evpcdilioH, . . to reach .MeUiile Isl.and, detaching a j)ortionof your ships to search the .short's of Wellington Channel, and the coast about Cape Walker, to which jioiiif Sir Jo/ui Fnntklia ican onln'fd /(> /)r(jcrrif.'" "Sc(-tioii 7. — In the pi'osecution of your si-arch you will use your utmost etlorts. . taking c;n'e not to lose any op[)ortunity . of getting to the westw.ai'd." The general tenor of these Instructions, it will bo seen, is in the right direction that is, /// if vcxlri'li/ one, by Bai'row's Strait; but why the H'c/Iiiicted to * rariwiiniitary r;i|icr-, No. 31*7, "Anii<- Kxpiditioii, 1850," p. o. i 1 l.V. ri.ANs (II sr.AiMii iiiii siu JOHN ikvnki.in. V ' ti V I ' ^ (':i|H' WmIImt mill In tlir ,-iHHli-\Ni'>l ; ;iiiil nmiplflt' the cMiiniiiiil ion in lli;il iliiTftinii. iiiid wol v\;ii'(l mi to l{;iiiks" l,:iii(l iiiiil Mrl\illi' Isliiiid. 'riic ii.icilurii side ul" IJarmw's St rail to McUillc Islaml rtmld lia\c lufii cxaihiiii'd al tlif .saiiif liiiif, and \Vcllini,'t.iu Chaiiuid Icll >it\r\\ \>t MisM'.-i. I'liiii} and Slfwait 'l'li(> alliisiiin lM dainaL,'f and aliandoiiincnl ol' lln- ships in tin- iiti^li- liiiiirini; .-ca is \ii-v iiidislinrt. Was this siii trr.sfiriinl or ni.s/inird nl Mi'lvinc Uhinil'r it' to tlir westward, wo may ask. How did I'raidxhn ,:;tt thoror Init il" to tho eastward of that island, we say at onco, Why not si'AitcM n'r It is tlic lact (d" this sra not liavini,' lifcii sttirrliiil. ( n II I'll lit this i.rriiiil. that lias led to the paiidnl nnccrlainly that lianas omi' the mosruicnls nl' the r].\|)i'dilinn. and with this nnccrtainty ihr nio-l t'carl'id anticipations of snllrrin'4 and ol'ih'alh to ihi' ollii'i'i's anil ci-cws ol'llio /-.'rr/ui-s and Tirrnr. Anolhrr cxpfdition was al this limo ctpnpiH d liy pnlilic sidiscrip- tion, at llio head of which the Hudson's Hay Company appeared with a snhscript ion nl' L"">tM). \\ was composed nl'lhe h'llix sclionner and the Mnii/ vacht, nl' ohU \'2 tons, and was cnimnanded h\ the Arctie veteran Sir .Inhn linss. acenmpanied hv ( 'ninmander (1. I'hil- lips, K.N. Il sailed fmm Loi h l\_\an 'iOth April. Is.'.O. We l.a\e seen no I'opy of the IMan and I nslrnct inns hy which Sir John Koss was In lie i^overned. Imt we helieve the rnllnwin'4 cniitains the i,'eneral direclinii of ihem: ""He is In pi'nceed In Harrnw's Strait hy the noithern or >nnlhern rnnle. as inn.-,| ad\ isahle. and lie-in n inn' al ( 'ape I lot ham. the western extremity of Wei I ini,i on Channel, w ill examine all I he headlands to t he west waril for depositi-d intellii;enee. ami if nou • is fonnd liefore reachiiiLC l?anls, as he lia-^ no doidit that lut'ore llial time the fate of tin- j:;allanl l''rankliii and his de\oled eom|ianioiis will he ascertained."* We have already .-^poki'ii of th.e m'nerons .sympathy of the Presi- dent and people of t he I iiiled Slates nf .\meriea, in answer to the idoiineiit appeal oi' Lady i'r.inklin : hnt " the delays inciileiil to . . . national legislation menaced the deleal of lu'r appi-al. The hill makiiii; a|)propriations I'nr the onllit of an expedition lini,'ered on its passai;*', and the season tor eoinmenein^ operations had nearly ,1,'one hy. At this jniu'ture a nolile-s|)irited merchant of New York . . . lltted ont two id" his mvn \es.-els. and jirotferetl llii'in i,'ratiiitnusly to u * S,.,> " N\\nMliM' of .\iTtic J)iM'(.\ir\, ' li\ ,1(11111 .1. .'^iiiiiiiml.nv, l-'.K.C.S., p. -VM. ■ m MK. 1II;NI!\ (ilMVMI.I,. ]n:\ iSlTHI- u-ari'tl HMIlU'l' l.y tin- Vhil- i' li;iv*' •,V tlir CiHH' IH'JllI (ii: ' is V :is ;i tliis will I'f f the a."* l»rr>i- 10 tlu' 11 . . ■ ,r Mil on its V miiu- ly to ,.:vM. 111!' (lavfrnniciil. Tims pnimiilnl liy llic tiiiiiiilirtnit lilx-nility nl' >Jr. Ilciii'v ( Jriiiin II, ('ai'v (iHifcrs and scaim'ii as iiiiL,'lit, In- williiiL; In t'ii^aL,'r in il."* 'I'lu' vessels w (•!•(■ named tlie . ('/*v///'v and I lie h'luciii' ; liienteiiani Iv.l. I )e lla\en, I'.S. Navv. was seleeled tnr tlie eliief eniiunand in the Inrniei-, Mr. S. I*. (Ji'iliin, Ai-tini; Master. In the latter. 'I'lie ollierrs were .Messrs. .Miirda<;li and Lmell, with |)r. K . Kane and thirteen men, iu [\n' .lth'(iiii-c ; and Mes.^rs. CaiMer and Uriioks, and |lr. \ reeland uilli tweUe n\en, in the h'csnif : ^allaiil, iiohle-hearted lejlnu s all. The Inslnielinns issued l>\ the Navy Depai't ment, \Vashini;t(in, l-'ith .Mav, l^'iO, to Lientenant Iv .1. De Haven, may he thus snnnnarily L;i\en :t He is direeted to " inaki' the hest oi' his way to Lanea.^ler Sdund. . . The eliiel" nl.jcit df I his e\|iedil ion is to seareli I'or, and. it' I'oiind. allnrd relief In sir dulni I'ranklin and his eniii|ianiuns. \'dU will, llierelcire, use all dilii^^'iiei- and make every exert idii to that end; [layin'j,- ;i1tenlidn, as yoii j^m, to sidijeets orseienlilie in(|inry, (inly Sd far as the same may iidt interl'ei'e w il h the main dhject nl'this e\|)eilit idii. Ilavinn |ia>srd I'lari'dw's Sii-ait, yen will liu'n yiuii' altenlioii iidi'lhward In \\'cllinL,f|dii Channel, and westward In ('a|)e Walker, and he ;;u\irneil liy eii'eumslaiiees as to the cdin'se yon will take. Afford ini;ly. _\on will e\erei,-, to ^et ihronuli Harrows Sirait, yon will then tuiai your allentidn to flones's Sdiind or Smiths Sdund ; lindiiiLC these chist'il or im|)rae- ticahle, and i'ailini,' all I races of the missinj; e.xpedit ion. . . . il'so, yon will retni-n to New \ uik. . . Nearly the whole .\rclic coast has heen scdiu'ed willmut lindinij traces df the missin;.,' ships. It is useless for Von to i^o there, oi- to re-examine any other place where .search has alrt'adv iieen made; V(ai will, therefore, confine your attcutidU Id the I'ontes already indicated." Several ohscrvations I'elldw, as td the point of maxinnnn cold, and the prohahility of an "open sea (I'olynia) to the norlli-wesl df the l*;irry Ulands. Sliduld yon succeed in lindinL? an openini; there, eiiher after havini,' * See "'I'lic NiM'iMlivi- . (iriinull t".x|MMlitiiiM in Si'.ii'i'h dl' Sir .lulni t'l'iinUliM,'' livllii" ImIc ImIiiiIiiI Mini liiirlily ohTiihil, Imt imw ili.'t|ilv luiiu'iilr'l, J)r. I\. Kmiic, Is.'il, |i. 1,"). t 8«f l'iirli:iiiKiilai\ I'.iiu'r-, No. ;•?, ''Ariiir |-.'Ajii(liihiii. lS">t. " pp. 1- V. 151 IM.VNs or si;\ii(ii nil! siit .kmin iiiwki.iv. 1 vrn clciiri'd \Vclliiii,'foii Slriiil, nr" tl I'lirrv Islamls li\ u iinrtlicrlv (•(iiirsf iVniii (",i|ii' W'mIImi', nitrr MS I'lr \\h in ytmr jii(li,Miu'iit it iiia\ . . . Wlv If l)\ iiii\ cliaiicc Itf |ii'ii(li'iit to cMlcr. iiiiil scarcli cvci'v lirailliintl, tVc xii^iiM and rt-cKi'ds of tlit" iiiis.sini,' jiartv. viMi slinuld |iriictral(' s(» far licyniid llic icy harrier as to makf it . . , iiinrr pi'iidi'iil Id |iii>li on lliaii to turn liack. yon will do so J'"alliiiL,' inuiiliaiiN ofllif IJritisli xcarcliiiii,' [larlifH, you will ollrr tlum any assistance of wliicli llicy may stand in need, and winch it iiia\ he in your power to i:ive. < Hl'er also to make them ae(|nainteil with your inleiided plans," Ac., Ac. 'I'lie tenor of these I list met ions points to the north ami west, tlic I'olv Ilia, or sea iVei- iVoiii ice, of Wraiini'll. 'I'll is sea had Ioiil; ohtaiiied iniicli att<'iitioii, and at thistime more part iciilarly ; it wassnpposed to e\teiid eastward to the iioi-th of the I'arry Islands. Colonel Sahiiie. rea.soiiiii!.; Irom ;iiialoLry and the close reseiidilance and coiiliL,nirat ion of the northeiii coasts and islands of Asia and .America, I'ontribnted l:iri,'ely to iiidilee the helicf in t he e\islciice .if this I'olar Sea ; and \\'raiiL,'ell himself thinks.* "It should he possihh' to re.ich and \<< follow this open water to Spil/lierL,'en." We think to tlii-se i prcMilent aiiioni,' the scientiiic. iiia_\ he attrihiited the notion that Sir John I'ranklin attempted the Wellington Channel; at all events r t rails-. \tlaii1 ic hrethreii seem to have caught the iid'ection, and tn lean in the direction of tlie open sea of Wraiii^eli. 'I'he desire to ascerlain whether such I'olar Sea existed or not was very natural a'id id' 'M'eat iiileresl. tor it in\olve had e\aiii the lirst |)oiiit to which r'raiiklin was so peremptorily direcli'd, position on which rested our only trustworthy Imjie. It seems to n verv iiiucli like ahaiidoiiiiiL,' the realitv I'or the pursuit of tiie shad ow , Our kind and generous lu'etiireii, no doiiht, took their ^ lew Iro nil ourselves; hut the end was fatal to ihi'ir chixairoiis I'll'oit.s. The .h/nnirr and h'r.^rnr .sailed the lil'iid May, ISoO. '• Whatevt'i' may he the result of this expedition, as connected willi llu' late of the i;allaiit Sir dolin l''rankliu, it is um- which reileets tin * S,c t!i(' I'ri'l'iKc to WniiiLiiir.- "I'diai' .tfL^i,'' iilitod bv Colonel SJabhic. JSu VAi\ lull, is I I. TIM. i.lllNMill, i:\l'l.lil I liiV. 1.-..-I iu:i\ iinu'i- thi'iii IIV ln' Vdur i, lilt :iin«'ii I t. St'U i<> 111 III ir. ir.'ilmii •ihiilt'il I ; mill and 1i' h'i\s. so hilt Sir its, onr ami 1" •sire til ,ral a^.l in(i>t llirf and laiiil'iillv jri'i^itiii^ lartli li\ aiiiiiK'd •ctril, ;i IS til 11^ haili'« ■ ,v iVmii fd with •els tlir liiL^'hcsl Ihiiiiiiir ii|)iiii the |ihilaiit hi'ii|)i(' t-ili/.m who pi'DJci'lcil it, aihl ii|iiiti the olllcrrs and iiirii rn'^a'^'cd I litTi'ili ;" * iiud, irr luni/ aihf, iijnm I III' Aiilri'iriiii jinifi/r iin n lint mil. With Ihr di'|iai'lnrc nt' Austin's, Penny's, and Koss's vcssfls, jdincd hy tlinsf nl' niii- ijiMU'i'DUM Anu'riian tVicuds undir Dc lla\rn, au'iiin licarls at hnnit' heat warm. Then' wmild imw lie trn scarrh- iii'^r \i>sscls in Marniu's Straits, lull ul' ardnur and /.ral tor the rntiT- priM' ; and mitw ith>tandlh'_( llic tinii' that had i'la|isi'd. still it was nii|iiissili!(> to shut nut the ircliii:^' nt' li(i|ii' that ;;(iiid nii'^ht arise. At this lime we lli(iiii,dil the seaich |»rit|)osed extended ov»t tiu) j^reat an area, to too many points, and in too widely dill'erent directions. I'ear and doiilit woidil. t herel'ore, at liiiies. intrude. W'el'elt that loo iiiueh was ;illeui|ileil, and the |ii'el'erence L;i\eli to [loinls holdini,' out, tiiour\ieus, hut taint hopes ol" sueeess ; that they di\ ided at tent ion, distracted and weakened the ell'orts of ihese nio-t eilicient expedi- tions. We saw. too. and we ileeply regretted it, that the true direc- tion for search, Cape Walker and the space to the sonth-west of it, orii,'inall\ so important, was now nearly lost sii^dit of. or. al he.-t, iilv secondary. Tn tliiil xjniri' Fi'iiukVni mix xnif. okeil upon as o _\et it was placed in the same catei.;ory with [ilaci'S not even named in his liistriiel ions ; aiul yet no sound reasons could be oll'ereil foi- thus deviatiiiLj from them, our only ;,'iiide to him. in short, wo dreaded failure, .\lready we had failed in onr lir.-it etlbrls: now to fail miL,dit he fatal. The search, too. we thought, had heeii too Inwj; deferred, and |)articnlarly in llir (lircrfion in I'-hicli Friuihlin irns nnlrmf. Often wdiild the memory of the year is I") come hcfoi'e us; the plan of the Ivxpedition and the departure of l^'raiiklin and his gallant lollowi'rs ; his I iist I'lict ions, and their ohject, "the Passage."' How often wi' rei^'retteil that no reiide/vons, no de|iots upon which lie mii^ht fall hack with cei'tainty of relict", had been arraiiL;('d hefore he sailed; and then the complete failure of the oxpeilitioii of ls|S-i> Would olitrudi' itself on us, and add still more pain to onr anxiety. We had not a relative oi- friend, that wc were aware of. in the lv\[ie- ilitioii; still, wc felt the " !;i'eat (^iiest ion" on t'li^aLjed was I'lni^laiid's- was ours it was full of peiil. and they were our I'ountrvmeu, and therefor<' they claimed from us a feelinir and a wiiich thev wen i'cu:ai (1 beyond all and every other i-xpedilion that had i'\er left our shores. l''or Kn^land's honour they went forth, and it was for her to recover them. But how ir ^«'ut by llighls of euthusia.-5tic fancy : i. I . !50l llic Ml ir )'('r/, Trih U,li , __ll(l .Mm\, USjU. i.-.o l'l,AV|S)n| SgAIM II llll! Sll! .Inll.N lltA N K 1,1 N . " I r !,.( 1 not Jjy tiic ilAnItt fill irrt|)r<'»»ioiis and iiilliicinTs nl' lalUfd of '' intcii- ttoi^" % vafiaiicr willi the Inst rncl iuiis ; Imt liy following; in llir 1l"tt'J< wll'gll llHil lircii /nil/ ildirii Jhr /lii/i (IS lln- /xsf Difftlis nj' iic/iiiri IK/ flic ifffiif/ i)/ijii-l nf /lis rojidiir. I'nlil \sv had doiu* lliis, wf felt all atl\'rti|tf>s were like piirsiiinij; Ilit" shadow of "a lifeless tire." Tliese Wk'Vi' o|»j' feelings in 1S.')0. Our views as t(» llie course tlie Franklin H\1>i^iiton \\°oidd laT\e were siin|ile, and formed on the Instructions <,d\eii fh him on his sailing, viz., T/mt /ir ii-an/i/ jinicrri/ In l.ntiroshr Hoifih/ iniil Hwllc1 her crushed by the middle ice, destroyed l)v lire, wrecked „li\- sloi'iii or hy hidden rocks- — none of tlii'se were conlirmed; uc theitslSare, give no heed to them. It \Vi!l be tst'cii, from what we h.lNe said of the expeditions nndir ^nslii!. I'eiiny, Uoss, and that of oiir .\meric!Ui friends under l>c /Tjiaven, that tlieir ('tlorls would he conliiied to the examination of the passaLjea ni»rth of Harrow's Strait ; or if to the southward, west of ihe'fts? «»j' west( ru loiiLjitmle. Hut it lia\ inu; heeii siim^ested to l-adv l''ranklin, that the western coast of l\ci;i'iit's Inlet and the western side til" lio'iihi.i should lie searched, under the coinictioii that Sir .ligiiu I'ranklin, Ui rt'treatini,' to the stores at l-'iiry l>(>ach, mi^lit (adopt the route by the strait of .lames Koss, and crossiiiii; the isthmus into tlie Tmlf ot" Boothia, .w ri'iuli those important sii])plies, aided liy seVeial sym[)athi/.iiii; friends. Lady l-'ranklin purchased the 4*r'i'ilo^' Al/nrl.^ a \es>el of Sit tons, the c.* Wei'-niiiiot but say tiio nrgunicnts in favour of a search in , ^hiti direction wi>re rcasoiiabU^ ^ the strait of lames Itoss and the O o ® ^cc^Tlij) Vovi>'^.> -.fllir P,- ,wi' .-lUir'," iiy W Pirltcr S (• iiiiw. I'^S'I O o hoi ,r\Mrs sMNDr.ns —sii! .i.vAir.s noss. 157 istliiniis of T)0(illii;i wiM'i' Imlh l-iion-,/, ami dtl't-ivd lair faoilitios t'or cscapo IVom Mi'lvillc Sniiiid Id I'mit Uracil. A ''ui\sti'ni sea," iVom the Wfstci'ii side of North SuiiMM'si't and Ijoolliia was saiil to (wist ; at all ovciits, tlio land or sea wot of D.j" \V..I)fL\vcTn the paralli'ls of 70" and ~'\'' X.. was nndrsci'ilicd. 'Jstli September, ls">l) The J\'i>r//i Shir. James Saunders. Mastei* ( ,>iiunaiidim,'. arrived at Spitheail.* This vessi'l, loaded with |)ro\i- sioii> hail been despatehed to l,aiu,'asler Sound and Harrows Strait, |s|!>. vith the hope of intercept ini,' and preventiiii; the return of the 7//(V',s7/yr^/r/;-, Captain Hird. Additional instructions had also been sent by her to Sir .tames Uoss. The Xnrlh Slur faih'd to cross the nil. Idle ice, and was eonijielled to winter (Is lU-oO) in Wolstenholnu' Sound. IJeini:; liberated in the spriiiL!; (Is")(>). ^^hi- proceeded to lian- casler Sound, but beini,' unable to ri'ach Ijcopohl llar'hour. .lackson's Inlet, Ports liowen or .NeiK, .ihe fiually landed the pro\ isions '• in a hay just within 1 lie easleruinost Wollaston Island." The failure to cnmmunlcate with Sir James Ross or Captain I5ii'd det'cated all the liiimaiie objects of the Admiralty. In the mean time, as wf have shown, the Eiilcrprisi- and J/irc.'ifi'/ti/or had returneil, and been sent lo Uehrinir's Strait; and another expedition, undei- Captains .\nstiu and Ommaney, had been despatched to H.arrow's Strait. We have often tlioui;iit it had been luuuli better had Mr. Saunders endea- voured to counnunicate with Caj)tain Austin's scpiadnm ; he knew, from Captain Penny, tluy were in Lancaster Sound, and the season was not so far advanced bid that he miijlit have spared some little time to accomplish so t^reatly desirable an object. The lliidsiiirs Bay Company, lidth September. iS.'O.t received (lespatch(>s from Sir John Woss, dated IMtli and lilind Auij;ust jire- vious, which wt're immi'diately forwanh'd to the Admiralty. Tlu^ 'iidv matter worthy record here was the extraordinary report, of which tlu' followiiii^ is the substance: — "On the l:{th Au'. tlie t'ollowin^f : --'■ As soon as the Estiuimaii.x observed one of their own race in our boat, they ran to meet us, throw iiiu up their hands, and * SJcf I'arliiinnMi'ary I'ajH'i's, >>'o. t)7, " Arctio Kxpcditioii," pi>. rul-OS. t Ifiui., jip. h:j- s.s. 'I in. OH I'l.WS or SKM.'CII lul! SIK .l(»l|\ II' Wkl.lV. f t/' (•\|»i'rssiiiL; sitxiis (if s;ili-i;ic1 idii. . . < )iii" iiMcrprctcr nppcarcil til iiiiili'rs|;iii(l .•111(1 lie iiinlfi>tci()(l ]>\ llii'in. ;iiiil a loni,' and earnest <'(»ii\ersali()ii tdnk |ilaee. in ulileli llic- i;iil(|-laceil ea|»s ol' aonie nl tlie ollieers were allinled to." Tlie siilijeel (if t lie cuinersat ion was said Id lie, " In llie winter dl' ls|(i. when sikiw uas liilliiii,', Iwd sliijis Were iirokeii up In llie ice a i^ddd wav dtl", in 1 lie tlire"ti(iii el' Cape I )iidlev-l)iLC^es. and al'lerwards l/iiriit liy a lieree and ii'miei'diis Irilie dl' nat i\es, . . The ships were iidt w halers. as e|)anlettes were W(irii liy sdiiie dt' the white men \ Jiart nl'the crews were dniwiied; that the remainder were sdine tiim^ in huts or tents. apart tVoiii the riafi\es; that t hev had ljiiiis. hut. no halls, were in ji weaii and exhausted eoiidit inn. and were siiliseijiientlv killed liy the natives with darts or arrows." This appalliiiLj aeediint was invoti^Mted on the spot, and Wolstenholme Sonnd was reached hy Captain Oininanev; the w interiiiif s|)dt of t he ^V(/;7// Sfar was discovered, hut iiolhinu; else was found to coniirin the tragic tale of Adam IJeek, Sir .T lU Ross's interpreter. ' ('n the report heiiit; cleared up," in the words df Captain Penny, the w hdle oi' the seai'cdiini; ships pursued their ori- ^i'^al oliject. aiul crossed td liaiicaster Sduiid. At the timo, this report created iiiui'h painful seiisatidii: hut il always seemed to us, iiiiieh more than it desersed. We may notice it again on the arri\al of the Frli.r. 'I'he I'riiicr Alhi'ii. Coiinuander C. C. l''orsvtli U..\., a"'i\(i| at Alierdeeii Octolier Isl, ISoO.* She hroiight the first intelli- gi lice I hat I rac( s of tlii' iiiissiiiif expedition had heeii discovered at Point Kiley and al Beechey Island, hy Captain E. Ommaney and ollicers of II. .M.S. J.s.sisltnu-i' .and liilrciml. '1\\\\\ .Viignst, l^-'iO. (ireat was the joy and exalted the hopes ot' ;ill, ai'isiiuj; out of this, the discd\ery df the lirst traces ot' the F.rclnin and '/'rrmr. The I'riiirc Allicrl. il will he reiiiemhered. had heeii sent hy Lady i'raiik- liii Lo examine Prince liegeiit's Inlet; it appears she had iieen uiiahle to reach Hreiitford May. having found the ice to extend from [''urv Beach, across He^cnrs Inlet, to ahdiit Port Bowen. Commander C. ( '. l''orsytli then returned, with the intention of |iroceediii.,Ml(iw n tilt! western side of North Sdiiierset, hut fdiind the pac1x ex ciidiiig across Barrow's Strait, from Lcdpdld Island to tlu> entrance of \Vei- lingtoii Channid. l''oiled in getting to the westward, the Priiirr JUiirl returned, " heing the last and smallest vessel that left Kiig- land, and the first that arri\ed in Barrow's Strait ;" and, it may l"' Si'c r;irli;imfiil!iry Pmiici-', \i> !»7, " .Arctic Kvpcdition, 1851," |). fix. KllVAI, (H'.OOIt Al'IltCAl, SOClllTV inn •••IVfll intt'lli- •ivd lit .t" this. Tlu- u Imii'v iiuiiiiilt'r j; ilown t'lidiirj; ,f Wri- I'riiici' ft Ku'J- iiuiy '"• CM. mlilt'd. the fh'xl lioi.ir* llowovcr, tlio iiitt'llii,'ciic(' slic hnmijlit was most iiii|)(jrtaiit. as it clcart'd away all the niiiKiiirs ol' (lisastcr, of uliicli it WMSsaiil Ualiiii's |{ay was t lii^ scene. The reiii;tiiis. i-opes, \('., lii'niii,'lit hdiiie hv the I'riinf Allnrl. \iii(lerwoiit cai'efiil e\aiiiiiiat inn, and were |)i'()nonnced at once, from the marks, iVc, as Ix'ini,' British. The evidence Pnh.se(|uent ly otlered liy tlie graves of three men who had died at IJeechey Island. l)eh)n and (!. An account of the trip of the I'riiirr A/fur/, hy Com- in;nider l'\)rs\th, was read hefore llie Hoyal ( ieo^ra|)hical Society of London, on Movend)er 11th, at the openini; of the session. iSod-l. We have already remarUed on the dee|» interest evinced hy this Society for Arctic exploration; |)erha|is. ot' all the scirn; liic hodies, none ha\e shown for the sojnlion of the '"(Ireal I'roiiKnr' more steady l'et•linl,^ or ^iven greater aid to com|)lete this tnilv I5ritisli (piestion. not only by eiiconraitini,^ the jirodnction and reailiin,'' of '•Arctic I'apers"' at its meetings. Init also in the assi>tance remlered In the sidiscript ions of its presidents and fellows. We allude parli- cularlv to the search for the franklin i]\pedit ion.t More than one plan has been iuatt'rially aided and put into active operation in this liuniane cause by their o\ain|)lc and liberality. The labours of this distinguished Society are now be^inninu; to b(^ appreciated. ( )f their usefulness and ini|)ortant iidluence. in a marit inui II unit ly like ours, there cainujt evist a doubt, not only in advanciui; th(> spread of ;^'eou;raphieal knowled^je. which. riL,ditly understood, embraces •a vast iii'ld of study, in which collectively, all our arts, sciences, Miid [tursuits are in close and obvious connection,"";!; but also as furnishini^ li\ed and faithful data for the extension of commercial enterjirise. I'recedinLT Commaiuler l'"ors\th's paper was one by .Mr. Cartwri^ht, which was simply an einiinerat ion of recent A ret ic voyages, and what had been done to recover our alisent count ryrien. The former, as we have said, was iUl outline of the voyai^e of the I'riiirr Jllicrl ; it consisted of little more than a list ol" the dates of arrival and depar- ture of that vessel on her passa;,'e out and home. The only port ion of it worthy notice was the recent discovery of the lirst trai-es at I'oiiit * 'I'liis " \'uvM!iO of tlio Priiicr Allicnj^ liy -Mr. W. 1'. Simw, wu.s pulili-licil ls,-,l. + Sir-Iolii, I'lviiiKliii \va> one of Ilic Vu'c-Pi'i.'^iilrnls of tin' KomiI (.ii'()frrai)liiciil Sooiciv, mill one of its iiio>t olrniird aiil tMlriitnl hhmiiIhi'-^. :J: See till' rri'>iili'nt, Adiiiiriil W. U. Sinjtli's, Aililrf>-s, " Kuuil licograpiiiciil s.Miriv\ .loiii'mil, is.'iO," p. Ixvi. ir I 1(50 I'l.WS 1)1 S|;M!( II lOI! Sll! .KHIN 1 It \ S K M V. f !l liilcv ami llic w inlci 'ni; stalioii nl'tlu' A'/v //.'.v niiil 'jyrror :\i nrcclicv Islaml. As iicillirr (if ilifsr papci's loiiclii'il uii t lie i)rit,'iiial plan df tilt' voyaLT"', or tin' coiii'sc Sii' .luliii l'"ankliii was likely to |iiii'siic (aiifi'caltlr to his onlrrs) al'lcr IcaviiiLj I'ccfhcy Island, and as, licncc. Iiis |ii'olial)lc posit ion remained iinimlii'ated, and was lel'l to lie //.ivv/ /'/ ///•• /inir// <>/• '/,/' H-i// (>/' mil/ (t. discovered traces at rieechev Ulaiiil and Point kiley, these were all the materials existniL; upon which to work. The sulijeet remaiiied as it did in ls|">; all hevoiid was mvi'v I'oiijrct nri'. and the hesi evidi'iiee ot' it., iieiiiL,' so was shown in the monstrous iiolioiis then pre\ailini,^ To rest rain wild theory, to aiil reason, and to ij;i\<' hur |)aper ( t he original of w hii'h is hefore us) is dated t)| h Decemhci' ISoO. It is addressed to the then President of the K'lual (ieoi^ra- phical Society. Captain (now .\dmiral) W. II. Smyth, a ncntleman alike disi iimiiished foi' his hii^hly scieiitilic actpiireinents, his |)rolonii(l aiitiipiariau lore, and his e\ce'lleiic\ of heart ; in short, oiu' of the first ami most taleiiled ollicers of ih.at .Navy of which we all are, ei" oiiiiht to he. so proud. We >hall ltim' rnimiiiL;; e.xtracis tVoin it 'i'hese will show our own \iews at the time. 1 SoO. before Cape Walker had lieeii reached; and from them. too. may he ^^Mthered Ihe prrntiliiii/ lo/ir re^ardiiii^ llie search \'o\' the I'ranklin l']\pedit ion. i*^c. After alluding,' to the het'ore named two papi'rs, and the .North- West Passaije. now "of painfully ahsurbin^ interest bv the hmi; absence of the Franklin I'Apeilitioii, . . . the criliciil position in whii-li the_\ may be placed. . . . the diversity of opinions . . i I mPV' I It )T.\I. (iF.Oillt \ I'll IC \ I. Sdi I 1 IV, 101 u'W lliat Sdllllil. [■ Ish.iul w liii'li 111 \v:is iwn ill ir\ . to wdi'k. I'IuIhl', 1 Iclllllll touiul ,<[' til.' ;irt\ nr niiii il (';ijn' rc.l Ihr iiiii. \c. Norlli- silion in ro rt' (»n tlio Hiilijci't, . . . t lie iiiisc(iiH'r|i(i(Hi ;is to llic iMuli! lalvt'ii and I'll' prcsnil [tdsit inn ami rcsiPiifcrs (if Sir .liiliii I'laiikliii . . . .slmuii ill tluMlisti'acliiij;plaiiHiitIi'rt'tl tup his rclicl"." it tiicii i^'wcs i'raiikliii'f) 1 list nict ions, Si'i'timis o, (5, ami 7, wliicli it fcai's " lia\c mil ln'cii siit- lii'ii'iiilv rt)iisiiiliMl," uml yet "Sir .loliii l''raiilvliii would read and follow thoiii, and we iiiiist do tlic saiiii' if we would t,'t't oii liis trail." Tlic iiitrrt'iici' drawn from the aliovc siH'tioiis is, " '/'/m/ llic Finn hi in I''j'/iri/i/iun li'(i>i lo jiracifil , l!r,sl , thrfcl Id (' in-.sl, liclirciii Ciijn- IWilkrr mid limi/i.s' Ijinil, ii'illi llii' vinr nf rvnt'li'mij Ihr oprn .srd In Ihv (fc-il ,riird (if I'JO^ W., niiri'i/ill'/ ih'tiliiililji lirlirir/i II 'olld.s/d,/ diiil Jiiiiik-s Lmii/s ;'^ or, ■■ sci'omlly, tliat ruuti' bfinL,Miii|iractical»lc. from the pnsfmr of land or permanent iec, if, in passing,' the eiilraiice nt" W'eiliii^loii Channel," he "ohservcd it to he open and riear of ice, he was at lilierty to alti'inpt a passaije to the westward hy that ehaniiel, or still to [)ersi'\ere to the soiith-weslward." It should he reinemhered thai at the time we wrote this (ISoO). there was tlie whole spaee hetweeil I'apc Walker and Hanks' Land (called l'ari'_\ 's or .Mel\ ille's Soiiiid) otIeriiiL,' a fair prospect of a passa;,'e, the same as when I'rankliii saileil, eipial, oil the 71" |)arallel, to ahoiit 'JSO miles, and an openiiiLj to the south-west, hotwi'eii Wollaston and Hanks' Lands, of perhapn -00 miles. With a favourable sea and wind, a few days of fortunato navigation would have hrouL,dit l''raiiklin to tlu^ meridian of lliiT \V., where it was known at the time theri' was an open sia, as, "he\ond this, and to JJi-hriii^^'s Strait, no land is visible from the American shore of the Polar Sea." The ipie.->tion of a North- West l'as,^ac^> would then havo been at once settled and for ever. True, to thti southward of tlie space aho\e iiotici'd lay \'iiloria Land, with its luirtheiai limits uiuleliiii'd. Still, l''ranklin"s course was to the south- west ; and it was thoULtht not iiii|)robable. if drawn by eircuiiistaiice.s more to the eastwa' I, whether he mi,L,dit nut llnd a passai;f eastward (if Wollastou Jiaiul, between it and N'icloria Land. Hut to return to the paper. Al]u(liii;L( to the rumour that the A'/v/;«,vand To-rur were lost in the middle ice, it says: — . '• l''ortuiialelv, the traces ri'ceiillv discovered at Heeclii'V Island and I'oint Kiley, leave not a doubt as to the expedition ba\in;j; \wvn tiiere, . . no doubt on its outward cour.M' to Cape Walker. Whoever reads the Admiralty ln^tl•ucl ioiis >\ill notice how emphali- callv this cape is mentioned as beini; the iii-^t olijecl tor a1tainmen.t ; and l''ranklin. so zealous and alive to all that tended to the iiltimato success of (he e.vpi'dit ioli, wnuld hmk la his iiirifnl al Cipi- IVulkiT M 102 pi.vvs OF srATicn roK sm ,rou\ riiwKi.iN. hf !«' villi fi'rVniffK of llic (frr/irsf noI'dH infr. Il iroul,! It,- Jii-^ JJrfif pn'mf A iirrirf (if, "iiJ ///.v Insf for ilrpurhirr. ]l vnulil Itc ///.v JukI Ix-jkih-h i,i,si Hon fur IrtiriiH/ i/i:s/in/r/ir.s ; il iroi'/il i^rjuiralt' l/if jiasl /'nnii Ihr Julnrr — tlic |)!isl, did nnd faiiiiliiir, the I'lilcrc new and li(>|ii'l"ul ; it tlicrc luii WOlllll llCCdIllC iiivi'sti'd with i).'ir;iiiiiiiii)t interest. SciU' ri'lv a (lonlii arises hut llial lie lel't IJeeeliev Island or I'oint Hiley nnder tiuninvitili- cirrnntstMiices \\)\' Cape WalUer, - the distaiiei' is short, and thjil lir readied it. Assume he had heeii tVn/eii up in the Str:iits, he wnuM then have ilriflctl to thr cuslirurd, and we shouhl have known it ; or, say he ennid not cross lht> strait to Cape Walker, liewoidd then ha\e retnrned to the northward, and left despalehes on Meechey Island or I'oint. Wiley, (irant that he has been ure<'lroliahle Cajie Walki-r has been ^'ained, and there are his despatches left. His views wonld now Iimmi (o the soulhward and westward ; based on Cape Walker he wonld coininence his explorations, to iichieve whicii lie would make incry sacrilice. iJetwoen Cnpc Walker on the \.i:'., JiiiiiAw'^ Ldiid to the y.W., M'olhistini l.diid to tlir tS.W., a lid I'icturiii IaiiuI to the S.E., iril/iin tliix iircd u'ill lir he fouiiiiy* As rejiards the non-exist(>nce of des|)atciu\'< at I'ei'chev Islaiul, tlu- f ollowini,' jiassaL occurs. "The (luerulons have wondered that d('spat<.'hc's Avere not Ict'i at I'oint Riley or Heeehey Island. It should be recollected, Franklin, when lu' was at Point Hilev or Heeclicv Jslantl, luul ilviic nolhiiKi, ami had con.seipiently nothing to communicate: hewasf*« ohi (j round, and bad not reached /As- nil iniali' point. J'ruiit u lienor lie iras to depart in search of the iieir ; he wonld consider further the ])(vssibility of ]Jari*ow's Strait beini^ frozen up, and his despatches not accessible; and aa hift orders and ronrsc hni to the unuth ward, ho would leave tl li'li; on the south side of Harrow's Strait, as Ca])e AV'alkei- «'ould be more readily reached from Port Li'opold (from the eastward) by land, il not practicable by sea, the land beinn' then (Isl")) su|)])osed to he continuous. . . When Sir .lames lioss left his ships at Port Lcopolil ou .1 land trip to the westward, it was with the hope ol' reach hiiiji Cape Wall, er. lie could have had no idea that tlu' laiul Cape Uunny would have so chanG;i'd its bearini,^ — say at rij>[ht angles to itself, and lead him directlv south. 1 ha\e little hesitation in iddi luding, Jie never expo cted to iird Fraidiliu in that direction. * It will be bocn from this note tliaf v.o ulwiiys coiisidcvi'd (!i:it Fiankliii \voiil(l 111 lie lit ToM r hiU'l ;il 111! iiii-l«-' lat'uui in (111. . ■ ikliii vvoi'' ' liOt US l(iol( nrnuiid iim IVkiii Cmjh' WmIIut, mikI cxaiiiiiii' tlic n.-itiirc (if llif liiiids Jilrc'idy known; IVoiu llu'iti \vi> may (lr;nv :i rcasdiuihli' iii- fcrciu't' as to what flic lands arc in a S.W. din-ction ; tliat is, in llic area I have already rricrfcd to. It' diic looks oNcr a cliart of this part of till' i,dolu', lu» will hr struck with the extraordinary inaiiner in which the land is broken up in all diri'ctions; — i'oriiied of priniitivo and trap rocks; tlie result of violent action ia shown in the deeply indented, irregidar inlets, ja^'i^ed bays and islands; and v hen the climate is reinembereil, a reference to Dove's isol hernial charts, and Parry's interest iiiijj papers on the tcinperaturo at Melville Islan 1 (in iSl!) and ISliO), will exhibit this tract as one of the coldest spots on our t;lobe — a mieleua for tlu! jirodnctioii of ice, with jajj;i;ed, deep inlets to keep it in »ifi(. When thi'se are c>msidered, the surprise is that so nuu-li has been done by our I'olar heroes, in no ]iarl of the world is so disjointed, irrej^ular a ooast-linc to be found, with such a climate. Knu;1aiid may be unfortunate, havinu; such eiiorinons dilli- culties to contend with insolvin^i; the ^iorth-West (Question; but the honour should and will be hers— our J'^Wi* will float throuujh it oiiedav.* " With a country possessinj^ such f^eoirraphical features. and with a climate whose mean annual lemjierature is scarcely above zero, has the <4allant I'ranklin and his noble fi'llows to contend, lec-boinid, hut laud-locked, and sate as re^'ards his ships, he may not be able to retrace without abaiidonin'j; them; which no Naval oilicer would do unless necessity, ever imperious, compelled him. Franklin and his crews wcndd hold toijjether as lonif as hope remained ; that lost, ho would retrace to l''ury Ueach or Port Leopold. . He would know Port Leopold was the most ready for access, for cotiimimication, and for succour from the eastward. As to i,'oiii!j; south, with the chance of obtaininj^ supplies thn)u;j;h the Hudson's Bay Company's territories, he would not ; their inhospitable coasts would be fraui^dit with too many painful reminiscence.s of the year iSli). Ao ; if coinpelli'd to al)andon he would look for a relievini,' e.\"i)edition from the eastward, and Cape Walker would aj:;ain become the s|)ot about which all his hopes of rescue would turn. " 1 have not a doubt but tin* missini^ Expedition will bo found in t/ir sjmrr imUcalcd; and we know nothinij, nothinc; of it, hecaunr ice have not reached Cape Jl't/lkc)'. As to resoiu'ces, of this we have rcasoii.'ible hope, tin' enormous miijratiou of (lc(>r, o\(>n, birds, iV:c.,&c., * U'illionl pritiiuliii;,' to thi' yift of ])fn|ilii'cy, \V(' niMV -iu our .l;iiK lia.-* now Imi'ii liiinir tlirmiL'h tlir Ni)i'lli-\\\'-l I'assaj'/ ; imt liti'r:ill\ ailoat in a -liiptir linat, I'lil still ailo.it 'ivor walcrlxiriic' icr, .iml it wn-* cldin' l)\ i!i'ili>li i iiu r|iii>(', M 2 lUl PLANS or SKAIK II Foil Sill .KtllV rUAVKf.lN. ■1 Irail ni\o f<) this clicci'iiii,' tniicliisinn. . AH travellers by land on ilic iiDi'tli coast ol' iNnierica, and oui' l*rovisions at .Melville Island sfjiiirnhil us il is /;// I iro slrnils Jrniii I he .liiii'i'inni ciiiilniciil .* '■ I will now assnine lliat l''i'aid\lin has liceii coiMiielled to i'flini|iiisli all I'lnihcr iillniiiil to llir .sdulh-irrslinn-iL iVom the existeiiee of land or [leriiianeiit ice, sliiitt iiii; him ont in that dirert ion. In such eaMi" he would a^aiii consult his liistnictions ; which would result in his turninjx his altciition to the north .side of IJarrow's Strait, and to the channels leading to the northward and westward between the I'arrv Islands. " In reviewing the various |)assages leatling to Iheeonsuinmation of tlw great ohjec.'t of the ex|iedition, that hetwt'en .Melville Island and Hanks' Land would he noticed, and at onci' rejected (see Section (> of •''ranklin's Instructions). It is only in the event of I'ranklin heiiig in a |)usition w /'ur ircsf an to nrr ojini irafrr f/icrc, llinl he iroiilil allnnitt lo ijvt irc.sl iranl hif that chaiiiirl. Wellington Channel would occur to him, and the stati' of the ice as he passed it on his outward passage; lint the fact ~ iiii^lit lie ^,'ivt'n. (*f (•fiiir:?r all land.J, -i-as, and rivors aiv nut alike |ir(ili(ic in animal life; in'i'au-si' all imrtsdo not prndui'i' lifi'-siistaininij iiiatltT, vvlicthi'i' animal or viRctablc. Sterile liniesloiic, or j)riinitive rocks, uiv scared^ likcl} to altrait iiuer, till- musk-ox, or birds. 'ii iiov \i. (Ji'.n(iif,\nirr\i, sdciiirv, iai in i\\^- liii'rltm liirlliu' till' In- to i-urry It to 11h' irry, Mi' iithontii'- ii-iililii' i" licr luiinKil Ito ultw' noi'lli-wt'st liiiH 1)(HMi clioscn. tlicrc I Inllnw with llic liopc nl" lixini; his prcscnl piwitioii ; l>ui as r(>i;arilrt thf nation's duty, no pcrila shonhl (lisniav or ai'i'csl iis in tlic [iroscciit ion of tlic scai'ch lor Ihts nn'ssini,' navii,'ators. As to pcciniiary t'xpiMisc, hninanity torhids .siich sonliil tlionL,'ht, whi'rc life ami liononr an- prndiiiL,'. Alive or dead, the late ol'llif I'Apcdition slionid l»c known. I continue my impiiry, then, iiorlli ahout hy the ehainiels hefon'-named ; the same remaiKrt a|tply to either." After ipiotiiii; Capt. I'it/.james, who was " for edi^ini; north-west 111! in hmi,'. 1 Uf W.," and the opinions of \ariourt Arctic authorities,- that of Col. Sabini", who thinks that " slioidd they have succeeded in <,'ettin a.-» likely to come dtmn on the Asiatic side as the American;" — of Sir Hdward Meh-her. who thinks " the prohahilit i<'s are in favour of his safety until he reached the .Arctic circle; there Iki would he reduced to the necessity of following,' any open channels which otlered southerly, and they may ha\i' led him to the northward »d' Asia:" the pa|)er continues, " I hope iio will turn up in or near hehrini^'s Strait; hut when 1 refi'r to Dove's isothermal chart, and lind the liu(! of mean animal tcmperaturt' at zero to the nonlhininl of the I'arry fj;roup, I am led to infer that lie would not he ahle to pene- trate so far to the north and west as to he out of the I'each of succour, either hy rctracinu; (with or without the ships) to somo known headland, where he could ohtaiii assistance in Marrow's Strait. I'nder fort nitons and most ta\oui'alile circumstances he miL,dit reach so far north as to luive the i,'eiiial intlueiice of that hii^her tem- perature \\liicli, from the continued presenci' of the sun actiiiL,' on the cxtri'mes of our earth, has led to the idea of ;i i'olar Sea frt'c, or nearly so, of ice : in such a case the Polynia of Wraii^'l! would tempt him to the west hut hewoiild steerdirect tor Belii'iiii,f*s Strait. . . Then a new (lilliciilty arises. How woulil he L,'et south ai,'ain ? The harrier ot' ice iuMslin^,' hoth [loles hetwt'cn the (!')" and To' parallels would otl'er iusuperaMe ohstacles to his proLircss. rendered .-till moro formidahle hy the land recently discovered to the northward of Heh- rinu's Strait hythe /Irralti mvi Phn-ir. Ihit why enter on hypotlie!«is? c\eii should he h>' there we are Hot hereavcd ol' hope; lie iiiiL;lil e\eU then take to that permanent ice, and olilain relief ;iiid s;it'efy tivnn Captain Collinson's i'.\|)edition. '• I have thus endeavoured to t rnco I'raiiVlin .Tiid his nohlo fenows to the north ; i have had to 'jjrope my devious way darlily ; hul when LJio position mid coniii^urat ion of tin' TaiTV I>I,ithI> i.-* duly considered, whfu the knuvkti bevcrit) uf the rliuialc- in fuJly wu^lujd* I lltiuk i 1()U I'l.WS III' Si:\l;t'll init sill .luilN ril.VNKMN. >m 'A f il'nlkvr, ami thai I lie c.f/u-di/itut is KoJ'r.'' 'I'lic i)!i|ii'r I lull iiolin-s witli rci^'ii't tlif lailui'i' u[' tlic i'.\|)i'(iilioii iiikUt Sir .liiiiu'.s Jiims, ami with pli-asiire tlii' sailiii;^' ul' thai iukIi'i- ('a|)ts. Austin ami Oiiiiiiain-y, niid the hopes tiiltrtaiiuHl IVoiii it. ; riMiiarkrt en tht- (.'t'lieruiir^ kiiiihii'sd of our hivthrcn of the Uiiiti'il Stall's; siiiik-s at the l']s(|uimaii.\, Ailaiii Mt'clv's nport, aiul notc'8"tli(' Skix'Uiiigs of Scan(liiia\iaii history liavo |iasf (rpi)liiiii(rs (it hiiiiil, iiiiil tlio Cojiprniiiiic tiitil Mftc/triizifjlou'itiff to and itxtn/iiiiff tht! IkhiIx holdiiu/ Fi'uitkliii and his (/ullniit voiiijidtiians in drfnitioH ;" ami cum-hiilrd by n-fc rriii^ to Di". Jtm-'tt kttiT to Sir rloliii Jiichanlsoii, in which hi- says, ^' the. iiiferrrni/i'/ sjiacv litiircni flic urstci'ii points of iWdlnstuii Land north to Honks' Land is to hi; soaivhcil by Coiiiniamh'r I'lilk-ii." It will ho iseou that this |»a|)(T is frauifil on tho oi-i;,'iiial I'laii, ami the lii>tniclioii8 fouiuh'd oil that ])laii — tlit'si,' hail led to tho a|i|)oiiiliiit'iit of Sir John .Franklin, ami it was and is pri'siniii'il, that //// thim {i.e., tho I'lan and Instructions), ho would he i;o\orm'd in his aitoiiipt Ij solve the ''queatioii of a ' takes a inrrr conunon sense view of North- West I'assai'e '11 le i)a|)er aduit O'C nii'/ht eonclnde Franklin would do. in the olisrare (f all injur- 7iattiou as to what he had done, it t((kes for (/ranted that he would follow his Instruetions, and u-hieli, uj) to the time we write (1S.')7), we hare no jiruoj' that he has not done. We saw other and extreme views a/iarf frojn the Instructions aeijiiirini/ an undue inijiortanee, luid we wisheil toarrest their proi^ress. Our olijeet in tlie |)a|)er was to recall the past, to brimj back the recollection of the orders under which Frajiklin was actini,', the direction he a-as to jirocccd in, and to show that, hy following/ hint in that direction, we should be pursuin;; the only reasonable course open to us. tnico and relieve him. The clia AV'e believed by doiny so we shouKl nj>rehensiuH, not onli/ as furnifii/ our hacks oa Franklin and his crews, but also asfrmu/ht with disfijij'i)in/nicnt, sorr()a\ and distress, ll'e therefore pointed out, that, nllhuai/h tlie A\rpe(litinu niii/ht lie unalde to reach Cape Walker (from the ;u'euiiiulation of ice ahoiit it), still it vvoukl persist to make we^timj and southing, a-her' it could, aver the whole space between that cape and liuiiks' Lund, ami 'i iviuii; i^aiiied the meridian of Melville Island-- liaNiiiL!; ullained «ucli A//v/c leesfin/j, we fell assured lluit new ideas woiikl arifti' m Fr.iiikliu":< imiid, uud m.ike it ijitetLiuua.Jjk- with him the iii)t, ,^daii \\ I.': iiic lillL SKIll I ill.- ^^ l!()\ Al, tiliiOll M'llli \ t. S()» II. TV ic; ), "•': \if\vs 1 1 wo ivrall sliiiw K- only sluiuUl •I'Si 111 vnlil (i>i lit with it, //ml, (Cmm wry.linil lipC illllf \V idl'ilri itb hiui vvlifllu'r, cvt'ii lli(Mi.,'li he slioiiltl lia\c srtii \V|u'M iillil irc-IVfi' " wlicli III' |iaMst'tl it, it woillil lint he wiser tn attciiipl mil' 111' (lie passa^^'i's brtwccii tlu' iiimv wrsttrii nt'lln' I'airy l.-ilaiiils tliaii til lose a Hca.-on lt\ nl racing to Wi'lliiii^tmi Cliaiiiifl. All tlif |ia.>.s;ii4i'rt ln-lwn'ii llicsc i.-.|;iml.s. it was iinai^'iiiril, ii'il into tin' ^*amt• siM as W tlliiii,'toii ('haiiiiil; and it" tlii' laltcr was iVi'i- dl' ii-i . witli a iiiiTtiit, si'tliiiL,' til tlu' ca.itwai'd, it was diily ii lair cuiifliision that tlu; wotirii |)assai,'»'s were Irio alsi» ; ami tiiororiii'i! tin- iar^^t' wt-stiii^ In- liiiil allaiiiftl wdiild platr him in u bi ttrr positinu I'ur tin.- ullimaUi suiTcsnt'id I'ljiiipii'lidii ut' Ids \(iyai,'c'. I low tar (Uir views (IsiiD) lia\o boi'ii I'orrtvt wo li'jivo otbrra tit )ii(Il;c ; t'nr oursflvi's, i'm'ii al this t iiiii- ( 1.'>.j7), w ith all tht" aildil imial iiitiinualiuii uhlaiiii'd diiriii:^ yiars nf pci'si'vcriiiL,' dariii;^ and toil on llir |)arl ul'iiiir sailoi's, uc ran si'i- no ivason to altiT thi'iii iiiatrrially. W'l- siill think the i-oiirsc we luno indirati'd should havo lii'i'ii I'ol- iouru, /'. c. We shtiidd lia\r fiillowi'd l''raidvlin where wc Bent him. 'I'lic alixiin' of ili'-patchcs at Ut'cclicy Inliiiid wns ikj (in/lltiit)if Ihitl, /ii iifc. Ill- //(id i/'jiii' iij) ll'il/iiii/liiii C/iiiiiiii/. I'ranklin had not i/ini riiii-/iii/ l/i(' JirNi jiDinl t>J' /lis /iis/rii'/idiis, ('a|)e Walker, where they woidd be .sonL,dit lor. We may rej^ret that no notices of his intended inovemrnts were left //nrc {ijxrr//, .May he not have hit despati ';e.s, and we have noi I'duiiiI lliemr), but we caji/tuf, /ic/icc, ivitciui/v /ic icriil iif) l/itil Wiiiiiiijloii ('/i>ir John h'ranklin would follow (he Insi I'uctioiis laid (low ii foi' bis i,'uidanee : the imaf^iiiists thought lie would Hot. In t liinkiii!^ so, they fori^'ot tliat tiny were rejeetiii;^ the only miide they had to him. We had I'eeeiM'd no iutelliij;enee from l''raiikliu. ilow eoiihl any one tell but what he was fullow ing out his nrdirs to eompletioii, and had partialis suceeeded ? It is now adiiiitti'd on all lianils that eonjcdure formed the basis of llie niajoi'ily of the plans of seareh tor I'eeovenm,' the Inst ones; if not, how Is it that ihev vary so j^reatly in their direel ion F Let us :,danee al a few ':' We will eommenee with '■ .Melville Island in the west." Jia.> not, the seareh been reeoiiiinended tVom that inland, ineiudini: " all the jjassa^es between tin- l'arr\ isLiiids, . . Wel- lin^lon Cliainiel Iniies's Suiind, ... to the <;reat ^ound al the head ot' liallln's Hay," .and e\en rid .Spil/.berL;en r all I Ins by the hurlli, ill face ol' l''raidvlin':^ 1 ii.-l ruclions, and without a ](arlicle of eUileuce up In llii.-< period (I^OU), to prove that he wuiS BPn .0^\^^' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) & %•/ /<» £?- 7 ^ :/- ,> .^. ^^ #.^ «. f/. e 1.0 I.I If 1^ m '- IM 1 2.2 I. ^ ■ Ill 1.8 o 1.25 1.4 1.6 <- ■ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 372-4503 ^ v \^ \\ ..'■'' IT- % V <^ 0^ ■%^ ^. liii. 170 ClIArTELl IX. I'l.ANS— ADMTU.VT, TATLOU — MR. SKOAV — IM'.ll lUN'Ci S STRAITS EM'i;- DITIONS — KKl'Oirr ON' TllK i:i<-k'() — " I'ltlNCi; AIVMEUT's" SlCCONl) VOVAdi: — OM.IDCl'— I'l'Lr.KN AM) C.Vl'i; li.VTllL'IiST — LIIU'TKN ANT liAUNAKI) — MICHAKI.OWSIvl — AUSTIN ItlCTLIlNS— J'lONN V UKTIUNS — {'()\i\irrTi:i' of in(/i;ikv on tiikir I'liocKKDisds — oaimam.n — OSliORN -JJ';u\V\E — ALDRICIl Al'cMNTOCK — REMARKS. ., _ " ! 1 J I ! Si Ei;\R-Ai)MTRATi TAA"i,on, C.B. (Itli January, 1S51),* proposed to I lie Adiiiiniltv a coinliiiu'il land and walcr expcditiou, to oxanunc all llic fiords in IJarrow's Strait and Hanks' Land. 'riiis is a li'n all the liui'tls in BaiTow's Strait, from h)ngitu(le ai)out S0° to 100^; and if no tiilings were discovered, would examine Uaidvs' Land and all its Jiords till' following summer." AV'e do not find their lordships took advantage of the well inteutioned but not over-profound views of the author. 31 1'. AV. U. Snow (late of the Frincc Albert) next proposes (!)lh Jainiary, IS-II) an expedition to proceed to Lancaster Sound and (Iriillth Island. t The object sought seems to be rather to bring lume early information "from the vessels now employed in the .Arctic Seas," than a distinct search ..jr the I'ranklin Ex])cdition. .lanuarv — Desiiatches were received at the Adnuraltv from the Beh- ring's Strait expeditions, under the abk^ management of Captain Kellet and Couunander Moore ; the strait J'roiii Foint Harrow liud I'fcn coi/ipIc/rJi/ ,itrq)f. Thty bear (kites from the former, 11th Oc- tol)cr ; from the latter, '2nd ScplembiT, ISoO. I'rom these we extract the foUowinLr : — The I'lovcr wintered in Kotzebue Sound, duriiiL' * iiluo i)ook, "Arctic J)i.>i'ovii'_v, l!>iJ," [i- 'Jti. t //'/(/., II. tl'.t. ^^^flU Mli. ITM -COMMANDER MOOUK. 171 I'l III it' iin all ib )S tuul' i of tl ii; IIH 1 and » briii.u; ill the Liuxi. Capt; '•VOtO nil luisl8, stood in shore to the eastward of Point iiarrow, and were visited by some Escpuniaux ; but tidewater shoaling, the vessels put about to tlie northward, and were no more seeu. This report was said to have been brouglit during the summer, iSlS, by a native who bail been on board, aud who visited Ivot/.ebue Souud every summer, but he was uot met with by Conuuander JNloore. In April, iS.jO, ^Ir. Pirn, having been despatched to iMieluu'lowski, in Xortou >Sound, to obtain any infcjrinatiou the liussiau auihorities nnght liave relative to Sir John Franklin, brought a report from them to the ell'ect that, in the summer of 1818, a party of two iiillcers and ten men were on the north coast with two boats; they were in distress, and bartert^d their arms for provisions. This intel- ligence had reached ^Jicluu.'lowski through the liiissian trading ])ost on the liiver Ek-ko. Jn JNIay, IbioO, four natives arrived at Kot/.ebuc Sound from the northward; one who had visited the ship before, and appeared to understand her mission, reported a number of people like ourselves "were a long way to the northward." A chief's son assured one of Commander Moore's olliecrs there was no truth in this report, but others of the tribe maintained the truth of it. Immediately on the breaking up of the ice, the Fhvcr proceeded to the northward to ascertain the truth of these reports. Arrived at ley Cape, Connnander JNloore left the ships with two boats. At Point Harrow he was informed that a number of peo])le had arrived at a river called the Ko-pak, or Coo-pack, — when, lie was unable to dis- cover ; that they had bartered their arms for food ; were now dead, and buried by the uativee there. On being questioned as to the manner of tlnnr deaths, they appeared reluctant to answer. Commander JNloore utl'ereil rewards to the natives to be guided to the spot, but they refused, excusing themselves by saying, " there were no huts on the journey at wliich they could stop," From what iie could under- stand, he places the Ko-pak close to the Mackenzie. At AV^ainwright lulet lie "met a large number of natives just returned from the north ward. J fere he received further hiformation of the two boats tluit were said to have arrived at the Ko-pak, or Coo-pom-iiie."' The * .Siv rarlianu'ii.ary Papers, No. 97, "Aivtic J':xik'(IiIi(ii), 1851," pp. 28— 31- ; il pp. 30 — 40. Cii :1l: ii;: ! h\ ' \i\\ i [ i if!: . '■■ .W.li 172 PL.VyS t.F f?E.\nriT FOR STTl .TOir'V rn.VNKT.TN, ci'invs had ([uarrcllod wiih tlu^ natives, who had kdled \' Ihcin, and had hm-it'd '• some on ono wido the river, and the remainder on the other," and the anus eolleeted " made a 1ar!j;e pih'; .... that one of the l)oats still remained at Ihe Ko-palc ; the other had been washed away to sea. 1 made in([niries of a woman if she knew anythinf,' rcj:;ardin;^' the boats and men said to liave been killed at tiio roo-pom-nie ? and she said. No; and yet it was from h(>r party (says Commander INloore) the men told us the news." C'ai)taiu Kellett* " is of ()|)inion that these reports have been entirely created liy the unxiety of all on board the Plover to obtain information, whieli has caused the natives to bo fully aware of the subject on which the strangers wished to b(^ informed. The Estpiiniaux arc (juick ; and where it is likely that their natural cupidity would be gratified, are ever ready, can they but get a lead, to exercise their ingeiuiitA by inv(>nting a story. ... It was after he (Conunander JNloore) bad made the chief of the llothain Inh^t tribe ])erfectly understand the object t)f the Flovrrn wintering iu those regions, that the; majo- rity of these reports were received ; only one, on which not the l(>ast, reliance was placed at i\w timi", had been I'epoi-tcd pre- viously. . . . Tiie natives at Point Barrow had not ac-tually sec'ii either the ships or the graves, . . . but had learned the story from some natives Avho came from the Ko-])ak, witli whom they meet to b.n-ter, at a place distant from Point B.titow ten sleeps, or days' journey (about 25 to 30 miles each). . . . AH these repcjrts refer to tlu; autumn of ISi.S; therefore, should there be any truth iu them, Connnauder Pullen must have unravelled them in ISA!)." "VV^e may observe. Commander Pullen appears to have had no comnm- nicatiou with the natives after leaving lieturn Keef ; the truth (jr falsehood of these re})orts, therefore, could not be -established, which is to be regretted. ^Ve know, on the authority of Sir John Hichard- Hon, that " tlu' Esquimaux between Point JJarrow and the Mackenzit,' carry on a tratlic along the coast; tlie western party meet the eastern ones at Point Barter" early in Angust.f \Ve have already noticed the rumours from Peel Jiiver:J how far these have any connection with the reports extending from Michaelowski to Point Harntw we cannot (h'tennine. "The whole of the small extent of coast acces- aible to ships (says Captain Kellett) at this moment (July, iSuU) is * Sci- rurlianicntary rapors, No. 97, " Avolic Expeililiou, iS51," pp. '10—11. t Hid.., ISO. 107, "Arctic Expedition, 1850," p. 'J2. X Sec ante, p. S'J. ilfK I ^7^^ C.Vl'TATXa COLT.IVSON AND M'OLUnE. 173 clavs' lih or wliifli ifluinl- ckcui/.io eastern iiotieeil inicetiou rrow we t iuri's- iMuO) is iilivo with tlioin." Ilowniver, thcro is nothiii!^ impnssibli^ in Humm. May Hot the Franklin Evpodition, after h\'iviii^ IVeehey Island, lSi(», liave made large southing and westing, agreeable to its In- structions ? Uespatelies were also received troni Captains Collinson (l:Jlh Se])- teiahor, ISoO) and .M'Clure (2Sth July, IS'O). The Invrsliijalur, Captain JM'Clure, by a surprising passage from Oahii, had beaten her consort, and arrived lirst in JJoliring's Strait, She had been communicated with by the llerahl, Captain IvcUett, who was on board of her. lie describes lier crew " in excellent health and high spirits, and the ship in excellent order. . . . Everything in tho right place." The Investigator was last seen by the Mover (5th August, 1850), latitude 70° 41' N., longitude 159° 52' W., steering to the north under a press of canvass, with a strong south- west wind. Captain jM'Clure's inteutious were,* " to make between the American coast and the pack, as far to the eastward as the 130° meridian, imless a favourable opening should earlier appear in the ice, which would lead me to infer 1 might push more directly for lianks' l^and. . . , The season coutinuing favourable, it would be my anxious desire to get to the northward of 31elville Island, aiul resume oui* search along its shores and tho islands adjacent, as long as the navigation can bo carried on, and then secure for the winter in tho most eligible ])osition which offers. In the ensuing spring, as soon as practicable for travelling parties to start, I should despatch as many as the state of the crew will admit in different directions, . . . to examine ndnutely all bays, inlets, and islands towards the north-east. . . . Supposing the parties to have returned (without obtaiinng any clue of the absent ships), and the vessels liberated by the 1st of August, my object would then be to push on towards Wellington Inlet (assunung that channel communicates with the Polar Sea), and search both its shores, iniless, in so doing, some indication should bo met with to show that parties from any of Cajjtain Austin's vessels had done so, when I should return, and endeavour to penetrate? iu the direction of Jones's Sound, . . . and return to England." It wdll be observed, the whole of the route Captain ]\r'Clure lays down for himself is based wholly on the assumptit.i that »SV/' John Fmnklin haa attempted the passar/e lii/ a northern route ; indeed, this northern route seeinn to have absorhcd all other views, and yet no one •l\)—l\- * rarliumentary Papers, No. 97, »' Aa-tic Exiiuditioii, 1850," p. 12. f 171. IT.AN'M or SF, MtCK POi; Sll! .lOlIN KnANrCMX. knew (he. Fronklin JC.rprdifinn IkiiI fdilcd Id pass Ihronrfh Mvlvilli' iioniul lo I 111' Noulli-iff's;' ; if ires ((11 puri'li/ coDJcctand. The. J'Jiil(;vj))'i/i(!, Ca])taiii Colliiisoii, liavinij; hcvii dclayod hv linlit winds, (lid not rcacli WainuriL^'il Inl't imlil tlii' I'Hii Au;,Mi8t, IS.IO. UjisucccHsi'ul ill I'alliiiu; iu with IIr' llcraJd or Plovrv, lie at oni-c stood to tlic north. JIo siu'cccih-d in roiin(h"ii!^ Point Barrow, and rcacliiiitj l-')!}" West, but was iiUiinalcly toircd to return, Ix'atcn at all jiointH by the insiirinountahle nature of the ice he met with, and, the 'JOtli o{'7VuL!;ust havinrr arriv(^d, he was eoiiipelled relitetantly to return to the southward. At (iraiilley Harbour he 1\'ll iu Avith the Plover and llemld. Consultini,' with Cajitains K ellett and jNIoore, it was resolved the Enterprise should winter at lloni; Koni^. The Iftndd, Captain 11. Kellett, haviii!:^ n'turned to Enu;lniid, was this suiiimer ri'plaeeil in IJehrinr^'s Strait by the l)(cd(d((n, Caiitaiii G. G. AW'llesley, with sinn'lar instruetions regarding supplying and assisting the Plover, Connriander jNfoore. The i'ollow'ing report we copy from the Leader, 22nd February, IS51. The iiiteUigenee, it says, is contained in the Colombo Obnervrv, under the date of Singapore, January (Jth :— " I liave it in wy ])ower, this mouth, to give you later information of th(^ seareh which is being prosecuted for the recovery of Sir Jobn J'^-anldin and his party, than even the Admiralty itself is yet possessed of H.jM.S. Herald arrived licre from the Arctic regions during the last we<>lv, and she has the latest accounts from tbe far north. Near the extreme station of the Russian Fur Company, they learned from the natives that a pariy of white men had been encamped 300 or 400 miles inland • that tin; Russians liad made an attempt to supply them with provisions and necessaries, but that the natives, who are at enmity with the Rus- sians, had frustrated all attempts. No comnuuiications could be opened with the spot where th(>y were said to be, as a hostile tribe intervened. From the Es(iuiiiKuix they had this vague storv very satisfactorily confirmed, with the addition, that the whites and iiatives having quarrelled, the former had been murdered." This rumour is evidently another version of the report brought by Mr. Pim, obtained at jNIichaelowski, through the Russian station on the ]']k-ko. 1'lie following memorandum, left bv Sir . I ohn Richardson at the Admiraltv, February, 1851,* probably refers to the above: — "The rumour now current (February, 1851) of white people being in the iiiterior, cut * Parliaiuen(ai7 Papers, No. 97, "Arctic Expedition, 1851," p. 10.'. " rmNCK ATiUKnT's" Hrrmvii v()va(,f:. 17') iug and .il(! tribf lory vory Id nalivcrt imoiir is |ol)taiii(Ml h'o. The idnnralty, KUir 1)1 'AV h'ior, (-•111 oirtVom ilio lliiHsitiiis by :i Imsli'c tribe, I considi'r lo !)(> alt(), but that (jbject being secured by the Admiralty Instructions to Capt. Austin i I (lc>. * Sec "Tlio Second Voyage of the frinc' Alltert," hv W. Keiiikdy » 'i u^ 1 \ '! t i iH > iJ^ 17(J I'T.ANS OK STlAIifll I'OIt Sill .H»IIN I' It AN'KT.TN. iind Mr. JViiny, mIk; was (licii IVco (o look mid rcdccl on otliiT, ami \vc may mid, ('ci'laiidy ciiually prohahlc ('(jllatcral direct ions, 'riii.s dcsi;;ii, takiiiL,' in view our i.Lfiioi'uiicM' (»!' tlic soutlicni limits of MeU illc •Sound, the t rciidiii},' of ils coasts, and if any, ilio direction of tlio clinniH'ls issuing; iVom it; added to these, llie supposed coiuu'ction with iie^'ent's Inlet for a retreatin;^' P'lrty, and the j)rol)al)li' positicju of l''i'anlilin (south-west of ('a|)e Walkei-), all these f,'ave appari'ut pfoniise of fa\ouraiile results. IJut we think the search should have been linnted southwa/'d to the Istluuus of JJoothia: bevond all was doubtt'ul. Back's Jii\er ofli'red no advantaj;e.s in its stream or in animal life, and J\e[)ulse Hay uncertain, because unexplored in lKJi"». This plan was far more reasonable than any evidence tliat could be advanced in favour of the Wellin;ii;ton (.'banned. The importanci- il was now accjuirin;; rested solely on ima^dnative, rand)lin<,' ideas, as to what the long absence of the Expedition had resulted in ; its probable course, position, and resources : then came the bias and leainng of the inquirer. Aa to the Instructions, our only guide, tJiri/ were too clear; something more abstruse was reijuired, that dull monotony or routine might li.v and waste itself on. June, ISol, — Intelligence was received at the Admiralty from Lieutenant PuUen and Mr. Hooper* (of the Plover). It will be recollected they were directed to continue the search eastward »jf the; INlackenzie Kiver, itc, from Cape Batburst to Banks' Land. They left Fort llo])e I7th .July, ISoO ; and after considerable delay from tlie heavy natuiv of the ice, they turned back (loth .Vugust), unable to reach Cape liathurst. They arrived at Fort Hope (17th Se])t.) rNSfCCESSFi'L. liieut I'ullen, in his despatch, thus ventures his opinion as to the position of the Fraidilin Expedition:— '' 1 hardly know what to say of the ])osition of the lost voyagers, for I caniu)t thiidc they are shut up in the supposed archipcdago south-west of Caj)e Walker, and near Wollastou Land, w ithout Si)me of the Hudson's Bay posts hearing of them; foi* among so many, and Sir John Franklin knowing the coast so well, some would be ready to undertake the journey (for the distance cannot be very much more than 500 mUes) to the nearest jwst, which is Fort JS'ormau. " Even could they once get to IJear Lake, Indians nught be found ready to assist them. "Again, Esqunnaux about the Coppermine, and the coast in its * Blue Book, "l*'urtlicr CoiTcspondencc and Proceedings, Ai-ctic Expedition, 1852," pp. 33 — 61. See also a very interesting Journal, by Mr. Hooper, during tlie winter, 184'J-50, pp. 143—180. F.NTinU'IlIsr, AMI I'l.dVKU. 177 m ami ic ready Icli move foiuul 1st in its L'dition, during vifiiiity, limit on Wnlliistdii Land, ami surely, it' tlu'\ liad lictMi near alxiiit tluMii, or touml aiiv traci's. Sir .lolm Iviclianlsmi and Mr. Uac would have lit'iird of li." " I am si roiurly iiiciiiird to lIiinL jliat al'lrr visitiii;,' (';i|)f WalluT anil not limliiiL,' I In' nnilr |iracl icaMc 1 lu'v liavo IftV iiit'inorials, pushed lliroui,di Welliie.jtoii Clianiitl ; and t lunce west- ward, ami are now shut up, tar from land, between .MelsilK' Islaiul and I'oint IJarrow. My reason for this is, ('apt. rit/.janu's has so eonlidenlly expressed his opinion of that hein;,' the direction lo l)t' pursued, a route 1 lliink impossible to be aceomplisheil. if thu passaij;e is ever to be made, it will ])e al(»ni,'shore." " i'ape Walker, as well as every other likely place fitr niakiuj,' ili'posils of tlu'ir |)roceedin,i;fs, ou<;lit to be visited at all I'vents." 'I'he opinion thus <,nvcii takes it for fj;ranted that I'^'anklin had visitt'd (.'a|)o Walker, and lutt ilndin;^^ the route practicable baa there- fore, ut the very tliresliold, turned tail, abandoned bis instructions, wliicli direct biin to penetrate over a space of 17° of longitude, and fjone up Wellington Channel. Very sound reasoning this, in the absence of facts ! Dr. ]iae, in the summer of IS-jO, was to have renewed the attempt to reacli Wollaston Land, ami endeavour to get to the north, between it and A'ictoria Lands, and so on to Jianks' Land; but there being an insiiflieiency of provisions for both Expeditions, the preference was given to Couunander I'ullen to carry out the route assigned to bini. Dr. liae's intention was to pass tlie winter of 1850 — 1 at Fort Confi- dence, and in the ensuing summer to searoli Wollaston and Victoria Lands.* June 20, IS5L — Deypatclios were received from Capt. Collinson, of IL]\r.S. Jui/crjmse, of Decend)i'r 2:}nl, ISoO, and February 2;ird, iSoLf The same rumours continued to be reported which we have already given; to which we add, " Cajjt. jNIoore informed me, a party of natives, who visited Lhe Plover (at Fort Clarence, Sept. iSth, ISoO), had informed him that a vessel had arrived at a place called rs'oo-wak, some distance to the eastward of Foint JJarrow ; that she was destroyed by the ice, and the people starved ; a luuuber of whom are represented to have been lying on the shore. . . The vesscd had three masts, and the wreck had taken place on the break- ing up of the ice in the spring of IS-li). . . Feeling," says Capt. Col.inson, "that an attempt might be made to reach the Folar Sea through the liussian Posts conun\inicating with Micbaelowski, I * I'ai'limnoiitary I'i^hts, iS'o. 07, "Arolio I'^xpi^iUtion, 1851," pp. .'>!- 50. t Blue Uook, "Arctic Kxpctlilioii, IboJ," p. (55. I, ! 178 I'l.ws ni' si'AUcn Fon si:i .loirx rtiwKi.iv. Hi iiviiilfd iiiysclt'nf till' nU'ri' (if liiciitciiMiil IJiiriiard, wild liiul pnnioiiMly voluiitci'rt'il, iii'.d (Ictcriiiincd on proceeding to Norton Sound for llie piir|)ose (jf landini,' liiin." This wiis done on Octolier I'JtIi, is.'O. Willi liiin were left Mr. Adiiins (Assistant-.sur;;eoM), Tlioiiiiis t'oiisins (Captain, maintop), wlio was witli Sir Join Uicliardson in ls|.s. " We also received intorination iVom a post in tlie interior liiat live Europeans and an olUccr had hien seen by sunu' luitives, hut the dillicidty ot" eoiinniinicatinjj with tiie Kussiana rendered the inlbrnia- tioii va:^nie." Capl. C'oilinsoii sjiealvs hi;,ddy of tlie kindness of the Jtussian nulhorilies, ('a|»tainsTehenkorf and Uosenl)eri,' : the instructions jj;iveii 1o liieut. Marnard were, " As it appears to nie (h'sirai)h' that tlio rep 180 ]'r,.\xs or sK.viff'ii ron sm .loiiN ftiankmn. Vi^ vantage if Capt. Austin and ^Ir. Ponny liad remained a furtlKT liino to continue llic search in that direction ?" — evidently showing llicip loanin direction of that space from which the desi^ni of the voyage originated, and upon which Sir John i-'rankiiu's Instructions were founded ; and the more especially, as not a jot of evidence existed from wliich to prove that he had, from untoward circurastances, been com])i-lled to deiiart from tluMu. lint we turn to the Expedition under dipt. Austin: from the time of his sailing, the whol(> conduct of this gallant ollicer is marked for approbation. His careful thought, aiul determination to carry out the great object of the expedition, is shown in the vari(Mis systematic and judicious arrangements made for extended search ; they stamp him as possessed of no o'-dinary mind. In these he was fully aided and supported bv Ins able secoiul, Capt. E. Ommaney, and in justice to them we are bound to add, by the whole of his exciUent olllcers and crews. The Expedition had not arriv(^d on the ground from which was to com- menc(> that series of important operations afterwards so fully carried out, when a general memorandum, dated at sea, lat. 75° 25 ?s'.. Ion. 01° ;3 1' Vi., July 25th, 1850.* was issued by Cajit. Austin to the d in the prosecution of the chargi; assigned to me (the accomplishment of which we all have so much at heart), should be made known, 1 therefore promulgate it, and it is lo be received as an addendum to the Instructions i.ssued by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and carried (uit with all the earnest- ness aiul zeal that so higlily an important service demands." This valuable document provides arrangements lor the course of search to be adopti'd. Under the idea that tiie crews of tlu; missing ships would r(>treat byway of LaucastiM" .Sound and I'ond's jjay, it provides for the search of and from I'ond's Ijay to Whaler Point, on tlie South side of liancastiT Sound and Jiarro\v\s Strait ; and from Cape War- • rarliauicntary Taper.-i, No. 97, " Arctic Expedition, 1851," p. 03. Um^i^^ ivl CAl'T. AUSTIN. 181 not tar inovc- ont imy ji'C'onic'S chiu-go much at it is to 10 Lords oanu'st- " This oaroli to iig ships proviilcs ho Soiitli ^)e \Var- ronJor to AVollinu;ton Chaniiol, and its entrance on the nortli. Capca lionn(.'l and Walker and the south-west, and on to ]\lelville Ishuid, are s[)ecially noted, as also the Parry Islands — places of rendezvous, and tor leaving notices, are ii.ved and named, and es|)ecially (SrillUli Island; as also is Winter 11 arbt)ur, as their winter quarters. Alto- gether, this document is most complete ; one more excellent wo havo seldom read. To C'apt. Penny was left the examination of the northern part of Wellin!j;ton Chauiud. Capt. Austin's Expeditiou did not suc- ceed in getting nuich fartlu'r \.e8t than Crrilllth Island ; it was, there- fore, eliosen as their winter cpmrters. Scarcely were the ships frozen fast (September, 1850), when a series of preliminary jt)urney3 wero connneneed to deposit provisions in advance, for the use of the tra- velling parties in the ensuing spring. All the orders show the desire of Capt. Austin to carry out, to the extreme limit, the great object of the ex[)edition, the search for and i-eeovery of the missing Franklin ami his companions, with dm^ regard to the preservation of the gallant olllcers and men by whose unllinching exertions the hoped-for success was to be a'/hieved. The spi'ing came, and with it another general memoi-andum,* rousing to preparation, and giving a generid plan of oj)erations for search by travelling parties (]\Larch 10th, 1831). The principal search was conlidi'd to his second, Capt. Ommaney, and in the right direction, because, in the direction of Sir John Pranklin's Instructions, from "Cape Walker to the southwest." INIost ably was it executed under that excellent olVieer. Having reached Cape Walker, without iinding any traces of Franklin, ho continued the examination of the coast west and south until ho attaiiu'd a position about 1U1° W. ; from thence he despatched liieut. (now Capt.) S. Osborn on an extended search to the west- ward, whilst he examined a deep bay, since distingiushed by liis name. Capt. Osborn succeeded in reaching 103° 25' W. In the meantime Cape Walki'r was found to be an island, separated by a strait explonnl by Li(.'ut. (now Connnander) IMechani ; and the western coast of Peel's Sound to 72° 19' X., was exanuned by Limit. Browne ; several islands in the oiling were also examined. Ca[)t. Ommaney remarks in his report.t " Tlie coast which I have searched being exactly in the route where Sir John I'ranklin was instructed to seek a passage to tiie American continent, much importance must necessarily be attachi'd to the nature of its shores, and the chances of its being prac- ticable for ships to navigate in that direction. . . The character of » liliu' Book, "Arctic Expedition, 1851," Adtlitioiml Va\M-<, Sec, y. 10. + loiJ., \). 27. i.Ji ji ^*' I ' 1S2 PLANS OF SE.VnCn FOn SIR JOHN FHANKLTX. ;»! i * : the liiiul is v( ry low. . . TIic iiaturc of llic ict> along its shoroa is moslly of old formal ion. . . Little indication of tide. . . Slioals abound along tlic coast, and tlicro was no place where a ship could obtain slielter. On tliat part most exjiosed to th(> north there wcw. masses of grounded iloe-])ieces, q\iite forty feet in thickness. . . . After giving my best attention to the subject, and from all that passed under my observation, it is my opini(m that the coast is unnavigabl,! for ships. The distance travel I(h1 by my party amoiuits to 4SU miles, of which T have traversed iiOO of newly-d'scovered coast." liieid.. Osborne observes,* "From ]0l° to 105' W. the tloe, in addition to its exhibiting the same aged appearance, . . had evidently been 8rd)ject to enormous pressure , by which large blocks, many tons in weight, were thrown np, one on the othei-, in wild confusion. . . I beg to express, as my opinion, that at no period of the year can tlicro be a navigable sea for sliips in the neighbourhood of the coast along which 1 travelled westward of Cape AV'alker." And lastly, Lieut. Browne, in travelling down tlio west side of Peel's Sovnul, remarks,! " from the state and appearance of the ice in the Strait (Sound ?) and in the bays along the coast, I thiid\ it uidikely that any ship could penetrate to the southward through this channel." Again, " shortly after leavuig Cape AV'alker, the ic(> beconu's smooth, continu- ing so I'ight np to the land ; no tide-mark coidd be observed, giving me the idea that the Hoe was frozen solid to the bottom. . . This was the case in all the bays aroiuid wliich I travelled, and confirms me in the original impression. Proceeding along the east coast of the islands (about 7;}° N.), the ice is very smooth, close np to the cliiTs. . . This ice appears to be of old formation ; and but small pressure to be perceived along the coast ; " from " the stat(> of the ice . . it is my opinion that this channel is rarely, if ever, suillciently open for the purposes of navigation." That this south-western division was well conceived, and well car- ried ont imder Captain Onnnaney, not a doubt exists; that it was continued as far to the west as the means of the Expedition and the state of the ice (from returning spring) permitted, is ecpially cei'taiii. Still, every effort failed to discover any farther traces of the missing Expedition. But the failure to discover traces at Cnpe AValker and westward to 103° West was n(« proof that I'ranldin had given up all hope to vbe southward and westward, and therefore returned: nuicli less was it proof that he never attempted tlii' passage by Cape AV^alker * Bill.' liook, « Airtlc Exiicditioii, 1851, AdiUtioiial I'iiikts," p. 102. t J hill., P11. 30 aiul 75. CAPTAIN OMMAVET. 1S3 well car- ; it was and llu> c'l'rlain. inisfiii.u; k(M' and '11 lip all 1: iiuu'li Walker and tlio Roiith-wpst at all — a conclusion afterwards come to by Cap- tain Austin. Captain Omnianoy and his parties simply proved that Franklin liad not eoiiiimmieated witii Cape Walker and the coast ■westward to U).'}' West; but it should have been remembeied tliat tliero was the greater ])art of the s])a(^e to be examined upon wiiieh was founded the original design of tlie voyage, ext(Miding from 10;J° to 115^ West (to IJanks' Land); that space (as yet unexplored) com- prised 12° of longitude, rr about 21G miles, and even under its reduced form offered every ])rosp(;ct of a passage. — (See Chart, Austin and Penny's Discoveries.)* The search by the south-west may be said virtually to have closed witli the return of Captain Ommaney's p:irtics. Previous to the journey of this excelleni oflieer, no att(!m|)t had been made to reach Cape Walker, or to fdlow the Fra iklin Expedition in the direction in which it was ordered (.see Section 5 of his Instructions) ; and yet six years had passed, and it was known that the Expedition was only victualled for three, may be, to be elicd out to live years at far- thest, llow shall we account for this most unjustifiable procrastina- tion ? Those six year.'i — fidl of anxiety, of hope, of fear, at home- — might be fraught with the most distressing consecpiences to Franklin and his gallant fellows — conseipuMices one shudders to think on. IJut this procrastination led to other and most banefid elfects. Be- cause Franklin did not return unassisted, it led to all sorts of spe- culation as to till! causes of his prolonged absence, and the most improbable inferences and conclusions as to the position of the Expe- dition. The Instructions given to l''ranklin for his guidance, and tlio only guide we had to him, wer(> now to be cast aside, and the result was, as might have been foreseen, all was left to conjecture ; — heuco followed the visionary plans and schemes for his recovery. This delay speaks unfavoura.bly as to the soundness of our feeling and solicitude for the missing ones ; and yet all were really anxious, and full of fi'arful anticipations of distress, of sorrow, and of dt'ath. But tiie L"'*^!i IS, notwithstanding the earnest desire to adopt the best and most eilicient means for the recovery of our long-absent countrymen on the part of the Admiralty and the jmblie, still the subject (other- wise simple) became so involved and confused by the opposing and distracting variety of the plans, scheiiu'S, and theories otlered, that s(uuul thought retired confounded, and coiijeeturo ruled— and, unhap- pily, Avas still to rule. But we digress. Blue Books, " Arctic Expedition, 1851," Ro|)art, ic, at tlic end. 184 PT,.A.X9 OF SEARni FOU STR JOHN FHANKLTX. !>' We will now turn to tlio noriliorn and wostorn divisions of lliis excellently {iPfan','(Hl Kxpi'dition. Tlioy eqiially claim our admiration. The southern extremes and the passages between the Parry Islands were explored np to 70° 2;J' Xortii, and westward to and beyond 111° "West; and Lowther, Gar.-att, Young, and other islands weie exa- mined. New lands were; discovered to the westward of their farthest western limit; but still, unhap[)ily, not a vestige was obtained to indicate that the J-'ranklin Expedition had been there. All theHc parties were admirably conducted by their resju'ctive oiUcers, equalled 0!ily by the zeal and persevering activity of their crews. "Where all behaved so well in the holy cause, it wi^-e invidious to select ; still we hope not to ollend any when we mention Lieutenants Aldrich and ]\l'Clintock, and j\[r. Bradford, the surgeon of the liesolute. Lieu- tenant (now Captain) M'Clintock particularly distinguished liimself in his very extended journey to the westward of Melville Island, to Liddon Gulf, and by new discoveries further to the westward. However mifortunatc; all these parties were in failing to clear the mystery hanging over the fate of Eranklin and his gallant compa- nions, their zi-alous, persevering labours were not altogether lost. Alas! that they told us only where he was not; st'il tlu'y were in the right direction. Erankliu was ordered to longitude 98° West, and latitude 74j° North, and thence to the south-west. Ho had readied Bcechey Island, on his outward route ; who could say but that, shut out from the south, he might have made westing, and reached IMelville Island ? This island had not been visited ; it was, therefore, most important that it should be examined. Tlie following table will best show the extraordinary and ])rolojiged efforts of the travelling parties of this excellently managed Expedition. Along Sorra Siioke. I ,.r n Officer in comiimuJ. Name. Erasmus Oiniiiaiioy . Shcrard Osboni, K.^q. Wni. II. Ei'owiR', Ks(|. Geo. F.Mocluun, Esq. IVfr. Yt'sey Ilainiltoii. Mr. Charles Ktlo . . . Mr. Fred. J. Krabbe. (Ico. F. Moi'liMin, I'^sq, Mr. Fred, .1. Krubbe. Riink. Captuii;. . . . Lieutenant . . l,i(>utenaiit . , Lieutenant . . Mate A sst.- Surgeon 2nd Master. . Lieutenant . . 2nd Master. . is i. J u 3 o r. _• >» ^ ■2 i « GO i 7 58' G ■M. 1 2'Jj ^T 1 2S G 20 1 7 i;j ; G 2;{ ! 6' itil Miles of Const searched. Old. Newly t disco VLTl'd. ~205 ■180 506 70 373 150 2:50 80 ]!J8 175 UG 2;i8 110 Exti 1 point •■d. I.iil. ;\. l.oiiL'. \V. 10 I I n 72° 41' 72 18 _ I I 23 , 75 ■11) luo-'ia' 103 25 UG 40 I . Si C-VI'TAIN .VISTIN. Alon'u NouTii SnoBB. 185 ODicur in coramanJ. Name. Hiuik. Kob. D. Aklrieh, Ks(i. F. l>.M'CUiitock,Ksq. A. 11. MriitHord, Em[. Mr. U. 15. IVai-sf. . . Mr. Walter W. May. Mr. W. 15. Slicllaboar. ]\Ir. John P. ClR'yiie. R. C. Alk-ii, l':s(i. . . K. C. Allen, l<:s(i. . . :\lr. Walter W. Mav. Mr.Oeo.F. .M'Doui,''il Mr.Uoo.F. M'Doiwal Jjieutonaiit . liieutenaiit . S\ir;;eoii . . Mate . . . . :\Iate . . . . 2ii(l blaster. ]\[ate . . . . .Master . . . Master . . . Mate . . . . 2ihI AFa-ter. 2iid Master. 'A 3 >• ■US — « i 7 G2 o.jO SO 7()0 G .so VA\[) 7 21. 20S (J 31 371 21. 215 7 12 13(; 7 IH 137 5 7 1 14 i) ('.; 1.-. 7 IS 110 G ly I'JS Miles (if I'littst seiirchfil. Kxtrenie point rt'ucliud. Ni- ■';• tii.Hi'i,- veri- !. 70 40 135 Old. I Lat. N. iLon^. W. 'J5 7 215 30 25 20 7«-lG'|101. 30' 74 3S I 111 20 7G 23 UKi 15 '1 lowing of the 1 lioiiil , 1. jl.oi.n. w. ' 100^ 12' 103 25 UG -10 Iluvinp; endeavoured to do justice to the ahle niana,G;ement, the extraordinary e.vertioiis, aud tlie excelluut conduct of all concerned in the Expedition uiuler Captain Austin, we now give that ollicer'a opinion, derived from the results of his travelling parties. It is given hi tlie "lleportof his Proceedings to the Admiralty" (dated Grif- fith Islaud, 11th July, 1S51),* — "Having iiow carefully considered the direction aud extent of the search (without success) tluit has been made by tlie Expedition, ai.d weighed the opinions of the oiHcers when at their ' extremes,' I have arrived at the conclusion that the Expedition under Sir John Franklin did not prosecute the object of his mission to the southward and westward of "Wellington Channel, and therefore deem it unnecessary to attempt the prosecution of any further search to the westward." We have given ourselves some trouble to ascertain u})ou what ground Captain Austin comes to this conclusion, but have not been enabled to discover any reason. The explorations of Captain Ommaney's parties prove that Sir John Franklin did not communicate with Cape Walker, nor with the coast to the westward aud southward to 103^ AVest ; and that oflicer, in his Ke])t)rt, ftirnish 's good ami cogent reasons why he could not, if he wou Id. He si.vs, " The land is Ioav shoals abound;" and " tl le coast is unnavigable for ships ;" therefore, if Franklin hud had the wish to get to the south and west (between the iee and the shore, as has been pronounced the most ad- antage(^iis by some), he would have found it impracticable here. Bui this fact does not lead to the con- :'it ^ ' * Blue Books, " \rctic Expedition, 1851, Report of Couimilteo," ic, p. xvi. ISO ri.ANR or sDAncn ron si it .ioiin fhanivI.in. cliiHion tliai lie i,':ivc ii])iill liopr oi' pciiclrMi inj; io llic soiitli-wc^sl ; Iw^ mil^lit s(ill li.'ivc Ix'cn ciiMblcd <(> ^d to tween tlint island and Hanks' l/autl, and tbe favourable jirospeets presented of ♦jettinj^ to the soutb-wesi to the eastward of Winter Harbour; but the \cr\ absence* of despatebes proved that the l"'ranklin I'lxpeditioii Iiad not made such larn, to be drawn from tbisuas, that wo mnst look for tlie missint;; Ex|)edition more to tbe southward and eastward from that isbmd. Jiastly: — The nnsuceessful search alouij; the southern s'.ores of and between tbe I'arry Islands niay be ac- connted for, on tbe supposition that Franklin, in ix'rseverini; aloui,' tbe northern edu;e of the ice of JNIelville Sound for a passa<;(' to the south-west, was too far distant, or undiM" too favourable circunislaiu'es to admit of delav, and, therefore, did not comiuunicate with those js huih i\ft cr a can ful eonsidcialion ol thes(> circnmstances at the time, th(> gcMU^ral inference we divw was that l''raid therefore conceived this to be tbe true direction for search. From this view of tbe search and results of Captain Austin's tra- velling parties, we must, necessarily, dill'er from his oonelusiou. Jt * See Bhie Eook.^, " Arelie Expedition, Report of Committee, 1851," \t. 88. mg S ■WiT CAI'T.MN IT.NNY, 1K7 tliuso ices at. iit'lcr uiil was > wt'sl- lo till' Banlss' :o to Ik' il in its staiidiu'j; •iucr this •tion tor in's ira- |;10U. it 1. 8«. will 1)0 spon wo do not, rci^Mi'd I lie !i1)s(mi('o of fnirrs in llir jinrHcuJar lootlilit'K ris'i/t'i/ IIS mil/ prauj' //hi/ Frii ii /,I i ii iliil no/, or (r(i.s ininlilc /o, f'ol/oir oil/ /lis Ins/nir/ioiis. Had ('iii)taiii A list in's |iarti('s ('(»iii|)l('t('(l llic I'.riiiiiiiiii/ioii iif Mrlriilr Son in/, it wdiild lor ever liasc sr/ //ic (jHCs/ioii 11/ res/, ir/ii//irr ///'• iiiissiiii/ s/iijis Jiiii/ pviu'/rn/i'ii ill tiiii/ ilirrc tidi) or 110/. The cxaiiMiiatioii I't' (liai Sound bcin^ left incoin[d('ic, ici't Ilic inaltor o])c'n to doul)l not tlie ilonbt ol" llic cavilhM'— l>iit I'Vimklin liavinj; luvii Hoiit tlicrc, tluM'c wo wlionld lio])o to lind liini. Wo Imvo ofloii ronjfol led that an I'Apodition coinijosod of Hiichollioiont ()iru'(>rs and crows — so nnitod, so darinjjj, and so porsovorinj; — allo- gotlior aniinatod with snoh oXi'oilont, foolinuis -that it should not liavo 1)0011 kept. toi^otl'.T, and its sorvicos j)i-olo'ij;od tor another year. Wo liavo ()t"t selection of bis ollicers ; being aldy assisted by Capt. Stewai't and his otlier ollicers, and by willing and persevering crews. Capt. Penny, being prevented from approaching Jones's Sound by a cliain of Iiiimenso Hoes exteiid- iug out twouty-livo miles from its entrance, made the best of his way ■w , i-^ 18S I'LANS OK HK.VUCIl lOll Hill .lOIIN I'UANKMN. t I I \ ^! \ ■M up Harnnv's SIniil. disi-ovcnd the j^T.'ncK ;i1 nccclicy Island, niid wiiitfrt'd ill II Iiiii'Imiiii' on llic south side oC ('(iniuidlis Island, hmico oallrd Assistaiict' llarlioiir. ('a|il. I'ciiiiv iiiidniiiok lluM'\aiiiiiia(inu of llii> \V(lliiii;liiii ("liaiiiicl. |)i'|)('ils wen- laid in advaiicf, and tlit! ppriiii; lra\('llini; parlies started on (lieir several jniiriievs INlav Tttli, Is.")!, under \\ell-arran,t;ed tra\elliiii; instriietioiis.* Tliev searelied liotli sides oi" \Velliii<^toii Clianiiel. Ahoul lorly-live or iil'ty miles north iVoin its entrance, lliev roniid it. to extend east and west, and open water was discovered there early in the season. Snliseipiently, the eastern t'oast was examined, and its limits ascertained to run to (ho eastward in places to J) I" W., and north to lal. 7(i" 'Jo' >!. ; rormiii^ a jj;uir, iMiclosiiiir several I'xtensive bays. To the west, Cornwallis Island was I'oniid to chaii}j;e its trendin;^ gradually round to the w«'st, until its northern coasts lay in a nearly east and west direction; it ultimalely cinned round again to the iiortli-W(\st. Hetween Cornwallis Island and the northern land, an open sea was seen before them, nnunnu; in the same (north-west) direction. A cluster of islands, siluali'd about TCi" N. and 0(5° W. divided tiio bntad channel (nearly lifty miles in width at this ])oint) into several navigable passages for ships. Captain Penny explored the land to the north, and coasted the intermediate islands, reaching tlio northern land about lat. 70" '20' .N., and long. S)7° AV. Capt. Stewart and Hr. SnlluM'land explored the coast from the northeru entrance of the Wellington Channel east round by the north to lat. 7(5" 17' X. and long. J)2° 'JO' W. ; when Dr. Sutherland ret\irned, on his way examining the bottoms of various bavs and islands. Capt. Stewart oontiiuu-d the search, and ultimately reached a point in hit. 7(r 20' X'., and long. !)7^ W^ JMessrs. Goodsir, Alarshall, and ^lanson examined the nortliern coast of Cornwallis and iJal hurst Islands (which were found to bo united) as far as long. J)!.)° AV. 31 r. John Stuart st>arched tlu> easti'rn side of Wellington Channel, and ri'aclu'd Cape Jlurd in Barrow's Strait. The distanct's travelled by tlu'se energetic olficers ami tlu>ir crews during April, 31ay, and dune, rangi" from 100 to 9;}'J miles. When it is eonsiiU>red that this was done on entirely new ground, not a doubt can bo entertained but that each and all diil their dutv. It waa, therefore, the more deeply to be regretted that any niisunder- • Soo Blue Book, " Arctii- Expeilltioii, 18r)l, Additional Paper," pp. 303—307. Al.-io the Aiipeiulix to the " Journal of a Voyage to BalUu's Buy, and Burrow's Strait, by Dr. Sutherlaud," vol. ii., [i. v. to cxxi. so Jef d. abi lt>a to rea a s sue tliii wit * vol. muF^mr CM'TMN PKVNY. isn u'rliinil lys :uul WluMi ul, not :v iity. U lisiuKloi'- 303— 3()7. 13an'ow'B ffhiniliti!^ slioiild linvo nrix('ii, ,'iilmiriilily cninliirtcil I'Apnlit ions, !iml tlic more <'S|»('ciiill V nil siicli ;i inissidii ; lull wniil of siicccs |i;is soiircil cnrrL^cl i<' iiiiiiiU iiiiilcr tar iimrf favdiiralilr circiinislaiicrs by a piece ol" elm that was ])icUed iipal lliimilton Islanil, but on carel'iil examinalion no interencc conlil be drawn Ibat it. ba^ belonged to tbe l'"ranl\lit\ Ivxpedit ion. We bave never altacbed any importance to \Velliiit;tMi Clianiiel as a route ado|;Led by Sir .loliii l''i'aiikliii, still liie opinion of otbers, wbo tbiiik be did make an atteiii]il, IbaL way, sboiild bave tlieir just, \vei!.i;lil. especially tbose wbo e\|)lored it-. It is dillicnlt. to come at Penny's (b'cided o|)iiiion. We }j;ive a few extracts from Ins travellin;.; Kcporl, May 1(5, IS.')1;«- \w says, "Tbe moment I passed ov<'r I'oint Surprise tbe expression tbat esca|)ed me was, ' No one will ever reacb Sir .lobu l''iai\kliii ; Ikm'c we are, and no traces ar(> to lie found.' So we returned to 1bt> sledL,'es very mui'b disa[)p(iinted." A^'ain, July li), IS,')!, near Cape Hecber; "I took JinotluT view of tbe (!.\- punse of water tbat was before my <'yi'H ; oh, to liave been here only with my two little vessels, what could W(! not have donc! in tbe way of s(>arch ? but 1 greatly fear, if W(^ bad, tlio missing ships are biyotul our rc'acli. . . Had Sir John I'^ranldin left documents, surely bo would bave done so \\\)(m this headland or Dumlas Island. W(; found none." The follow ing note was made at tbe same plac(> :— " It was a severe struggle to leave the search, but there was no other course left; that tbe missing ships bad gone beyond our reach, 1 bad no doubt; for if they bad not, then we should have found traces of them about some of tlu^ Bird Heads, or Duck Islands." These extracts lead US to infer that ('a])tain Penny thought that i-'ranklin bad passed to tbe iu)rtli by tbe AVellington Chamiel, and had gone beyond the reach of search (at least witli his means) ; and y(!t be failed to discover a single positive trace of tbe course of tbe Expedition to lead him to such a conclusion. Tt was an impression, but iu;pressions mc'an no- thing; tbt^y \. ill not suil'ice, where proofs are recpiired. Impressions with ardent minds soon rijien into belief; and so we lind it. Ou * Sl'o ".Tounuil cif 11 Voyugc to IJaffiu'ri IJay, &.<;., by iJr. SutlicrlauiJ," vol. ii., pp. 132, 178-1). i /; Ill M .■ i' Hil. si . «• '>, T :;>! 100 I'l.ws oi' si'MMM roR Sir. .iomn ri! wki.iv. Aiij;iist lOlli, Is.'il. till" Inlldw ill!,' >!JHS!U'; |iro|i(jse a ctmti- nnation ot' tlu« search, . . Ihrouuli the Wellington Channel." ('apt. Austin cuiu- ; the commanders consulted : — " It was a most important duty ; . . iioIj only did t hi' destinies of our . . ships nnd their crews Iiaiii; u|)uii the decision to which they should come, but ;ilso the fati* of thosi- who iiiiuhl still be lookiii;,' for help. All that 3lr. I'euny could or did say failed to convince him of even the f.iiiitest pi'obabijily that the luissiiiLi; ships had taken that (tlu> Wellington Chiiniiel) j'oute. lie ;;a\i' his o|)Inioii thai had he done exactly as .Mr. Penny's '"Ixpt'dilion had done, and were ho placed in the position which Air. T'enny occupied, he should not liesitati' to t'oriclude at once tliat \\w siiwch for llic inixu'DH/ xliips need not be pro- secuted Xo tlie north-west of their wintei- (jiuirters at Hoecliey Island, a araucc it bad no tangible n'lation wbatcver to tbe missing sbijis, and not a single I'lexceptiouable fact could bo brougbt in to substantiate it. . . Capt, Austin was satisQed the jnissing Expedition need not be searcbed. for to tbe due west or north- west ; and Air. Penny, nncertaiu wlietber they had proceeded up tlio channel, could bold out no hopes of our being able to accomplish anytbing worthy tbe inevitable risKS of a second winter." t Capt. Austin, reipiesting Air. Penny's opinion in writing, after some denuir, August 11, 1S51, he wrote tbe following laconic reply; "Your qm^stion is easily answered. Aly opinion is, AVi'llington Channel re(piires no further search. All has been done in the power of luau * See "Journal of iiVoyagc to Ballin's Bay, ic, by Dr. Sutherland," vol. ii. p. 301. t Ibid., p. mi—G. CM'TMS STIIWAIIT. 101 )!' fvoii il (tlu> luul lu! ! plai'i'il itatc" to 1)0 prii- I Island, JNlr. to the utor- piuion . 301. to accniiiplish, and no Inioo has Ixcn I'onnih Wliat dsi! can bo donoV" It is (l:!"''i:ll to reconcile .'ill these dill'en>nc(>H of opinion ; and tlicreloc we do not, allcnipt it. Captain Stewart art^'ues llioipiestion to our views iinicli iiioro ratinnally in his vaiuahhi report,:* '" 'That Sir John l''ranKlin may have irone up \V'olliii;j;ton Cliannel, is not at all inipossildi- ; I would (after h.avinL,' seen it) myself, if seek in;,' a, passai^c to the nurt li- west ward, seek for il in that ehainiel. Jhit iho i;ireumstances of (he \V(dlinj;ton Channel, ami the shores ami islands of the more intricate (diannels 1o the iiort h-wcst of it, haviiif,' been llioron^hly searched without lindin;; any ti'aces of the missinj,' ships, ^oes a ^'reat way to refute the idea that they have i;iinf in that direc- tion, 'i'liis circumstani e, to,;ether with tlie latt; period at which tho ice breaks up in Wellington Chainiel, on one side, and the early period at which open water was found to the northward, c(iu[iled with the lirst winter (juarters of the ships at the mouth of the channel en the other side, leaves the (picst ion in the same doubt and uncerlainty as ever." This opinion involves several considerations; the chief of which is, Did Sir.lohn fraiddin, in the hope of solving; the ipu'stion of a North-West l*assau;e, ado[>t the Wellinf^4on Chainu'l r We all know that ho was sp(!(;ially enjoined by his Instructions " «w/ " to "stop to examine any of the openings to the northward or southward in Harrow's Strait, but to cimtinue to push to the westward without loss of time, in the Lititudc of ubo\it 7l^\ till " he had "reached the longitude of that portion of land on which Ca|)c Walker ia situated, or about J)S° W." With theses Instructions before him, and ever U|)pormost in his mind, is it likely that he would stop until ho had reached the point so particularly speciiied ? The se^isou of 1S45 may have closed before be reached it, forcing him to winter rn route ; still all bis thoughts would centre on Cape Walker. We know be win- tered on the east(>rn side of Wellington Channel, at Jieechey Islaml ; but is that any proof thnt be attempted the passage by that channel? We think not. He bad not iuliilled the lirst part of bis Instructions ; Cape Walker was yet to be reached ; the south-west yet to be at- Icmpted. With these unaccomplished, we cannot think that bo looked to the north at all, nuicb less that he adopted the AV^ellington Channel. Show us that be bad attempted and failed altogether to the west and south, prior to his taking up his winter quarters at Beecbey Island, then the questit. n of his adoption of the Wellington * See Blue Books, "Arctic Kxpedition, 1851, Additional Papers," p. 3ir>; and "The Journal of a Voyage to Lalliu's liay, by Dr. Sutherland," vol. 2, p. xsvii. 1 1 I 'i ■),[ • i ,u: ' i:i i '' 1 1 t 1 '1 1 192 PT.ANS OF SKARCll FOIl Sin JOHN Fn.\>'KMX. Clifinncl roiili' miiy '>»' cntcrtniiuMl ; lint tlic very itlfii llmt lie Imd limdc lli(> iitlt'iii|)t jiiid I'iiilcd. lliiis cMrly in llic st'!i: by till! \Vi'llinj;lon Clianncl. I»ut let iis iii(|iiin', iVmii liis winter qiiui'liTH, Avliit'li prcsi'Mti'd tlie brtlfr prospci'l ol' rcali/ini,' I lie olijccl oF lli(> voyage- -llic route by W't'llinLjtoii I'liannid. or lliat by ('a|)(' VValkiT, and tlic sonlli-wi-st (llu> dirtrtion ol" liis Instruct ions) ? We will a(*Hunii' thai Fraidvliu \\m awaiv of this open water to lain, sinipU', and limited ; it did not present the attractive vision of a I'olynia, "a wide, unineasimible ocean," \ndimited, but it was to ap- pearance more practicable. Hut assuming!; that Franklin did attempt a northern route, by the Wellin for na\i,i,'ation, it seems im|)robable that be could have obtained any j^reat distance to the north-west, espe- cially in a sea encumbered by islands, presentinjif intricate passages between, and impetuous currents, obstatdes opposed to ([uick profrress. We think, tlu'U, considering,' all these conditions, had l"'raidilin passed up the WelliuL^ton Chaiuud, some traces of his outward course woidd have been found by ]\lr. Penny and bis diligent searchers. The absence of these goes to prove he did not, and this is farther ccm- Jlrmed by the re[)()rt of the whalers, tliat the year ISMJ was very severe, but the whole is confirmed by the absence of despatches at lieechey Island. I'ranklin would never have departed from the un known without leaving notices of his intentions, and he could not have selected a more eligible spot for such purpose than Beechey Island I!t:{ (7IAPTEU X. st, i-n^i.- ni'ogri'ss. |n passed Irs. The I her cou- ,va9 very itches at |i the un not have Island \i;sTiN \sn I'Kwv i'.\i'i:i)i riov, — itiM'our or loMMriTr.F.. — TllinU (/IM'STIONS TO SCortKSIlY, AISTIN, KDI.I.r.TT, (IMMANKV, Silt .lOIIN IM( II AltltsoN, I'KNNY, AM) STKWAIir, AN1> 1! lll'l.l KS. — UKMAIIKS. — JIKTI UN or SIR .lollN ItdSS. HIS KKl'tHIIS AM» orlMONS. Ix K"'"r( "Vi'r tlic (niiliMH'c Ii('l()r(> Ihr Commiiice, we imlicc wiili HMPprise tli(5 maiiilnid and varii'd luiture of the iiiipre.-isioiirt ami opi- iiioiiH of tin; various ollicers of holh l-'xixMlitioiis, as to the motives, eoiidition, ami inoveuieiits of l-'rankliii after lie left Ik-eehi'V Island; tl»e Hlender j,'roiiii(l on whieh tlioy are formed shows them to he evi- dently more the ehullitiiMis of hasty fancy, tlian tlie serious eonelii- sions of well-weii^lied rellection. We would <;ive them here, but they would swell our [ViV^cn beyond the limits intended, and would eonduee to nothing conclusivo. Wo may say th(> majority are in favour of the Wellington Cliannel, as the route adopti'd by Sir .lohn Franklin. Some few think the Ervbus and Tvrvor, with their ollleers and crews, all perished in returning ; but there is not a single opinion in favour of a farther search south-west of Cape AValker. 'J'he direction in which the Franklin Expedition was sent was heiicetbrtli to be left again to its own dreary solitude. The Expedition under Austin and l'i>iniy returned, but dissatisfac- tion reigned on all sides ; no positive conclusions could bo drawn, and why? These enterprising men, having failed to discover farther indi- cations of the course of the missing Expedition after it l(>ft IJeeciiey Island, all was again left to prejudice or conjecture. The alienated feeling between the commanders did not tend to cl(>ar the sad mys- tery enveloping the fate of Franklin and his devoted ollleers and crews. All this was deeply to be deploi-ed, and the mort^ so, as each liad done more to achieve the recovery of the missing I'.xpeditioii, now absent six years, than had been done during all that long period of painful doubt and anxiety. All was now uncertainty; failure on every side ; the Plan tbrgotten, and the Instructions left. These deserted — without fixed rendezvous for the I'^-anklin Ex]i(>dition to fall back upon, and where it might be sought men's minds waiidereil (» i ■', it! h Iff. 1 ;if >i Hj' It 101. I'l.WM or SMMiCII lOlt NIK JOHN I'KANKMN. ill (larlviit'ss ; the ilcl.'is in sc'ircliiiii,'. (lie Inii;; iilisriici-. tlic wjiiil nf Miccfss, ;ill ciiiit I'iliiilrd (o rj\r I'isc In new I li(iii:;lits lli(ini;lils rt'vrri'd ullli ;iiivi('l\ oi- ciitliii^iiisiii. ('.in \\c wdmlcr tlicii, llijit, .'imniii^st llic rest, llu- nmst mIisui'i! iiitcnl uhis slumlil lu' ;itt filuil'''! lo Sir .loliii l''r!iiiKliii, mukhiiiI iii;; lo lilllr simi'l ol' iiii iilisnliilr dm lir. lion ol' liis liisl imu'I ions 'r' or lu- Nnrpriscd ;il llu' nionsli'ons |ilinis iiud llu' \ isionju'v sclu'iiit's I hill s|)i';ni;', np. rollowrd li_v \illiiinons i'('|i(ii'ls ;i;)d ivinij; rninonrsr I'o tlu'sc, :idd I lie ili'r|» ;in\ii'li('H :nid llic (li'l)ri'ssinu: I'Mrcs. "Ilie lorclnidini; I'Mncirs iind |iro|)li(l ic Iciirs" of llic solilars lit-arllis al lioiiir. All llicsc Iciidod, in llir end, lo so coiiiiili- t'ali" and conriisi'. Ilial llion^iil distraclcd Troiii llic original I'laii and I iisl rnci ions in Iter search allcr liailh. lindiiiL; no rcsliiiL; jilacc in the chaos Ihns crcalcd— hccan.;- hcrst>lt' wild. iiiiai;inal i.c, and iini^ovcr- iialilc. Knowiiii:; ihis. \\c cannot, ijrcaliv wonder llial. these [icrsc- verin^ coninianders slioidd lia\c liecoiiie |)er|ilc\ed, and that the cen- cliisions draw 11 li_\ llieiii slioiild lia\e had no oilier rniiiidat ion than iiKM'c eoiijcct lire- -conject lire it was, t'nr there was nol a |)article el' «'vidciice Id sustain either opinion. IViin\ . ardeiil, and perseveriiii; while iinderi^oini;' tlu' lal'oiirs :inil discoint'orls of tlicseai'cli, disap- poiiili'd ill his liuiiiane oI>ject beeaiiu\ shall we sav it 'r siisccplihic, ili^htv. and pce\ish. alike painful to liiniselt' and his Kind-hearted I >>-opcralor. Austin e(|iiall_\ zealous and aliUe disappointed, hut liaviiiii' his reclines more under coiniiiaiid. more disciplined did not, sliow their pressiin* outwardlx. but still his mind was ill at ease, his rcs|ionsibililies were great, and. as a naval ollicer. he was niort' aiiic- iiable to the Admiralty. It became him, u halevi'r the ideas, and how- ev(>r suggested l\v cxiu'ricncc. "it'tbev had no tangible relation wlia(e\cr to 1hi> missing ships,"* to n^Je"! them. I5iit. as we have s.iid, chaos prevailed, and minds wi're darkened ; not alone (hose who had little claim to the know leilge of Arctic matters, but also others more pre- foiind. and of iiigh scientilu" acipiirements all s(>emed iiiider a chuid. or how can we imagine an Austin coming to the coneliision "that the Expedition under Sir .loliii l''rankliii did nol prosecute' the objcci of its mission to thesontlnvard and westward of Wellington Strait 'r"t when as yet he had only exaniined a small jiortion of that sjiace to whieh the Franklin Kxpeditioii was so specially directed. It. could only have arisen on the assumption that, if not discovered to the eastward of lOIi'' Wost (as far as they had searched), lie must ha\e * Si'o Pr. Sutlierlniul's " Jouvnal of IVnnv's Voynge," p. •\0'i. t Uluf Books, " .\rrtic Fxpi-ditioii, ISul," Hopo-t, Ac, p, xvi. Slev cans and //le befo of r podii attei som( -..-■ , ,^„,,^„^.^,.,^.^^^J^^ ^^,^^^ W STIN AMI l'i:\\V I'M'KIIITIUN. !!>.-. »>,n/r Inn,,' ,rrs/uH, al, ,,, Ihr sonlhn: s/n.rr., of ,hr l>„n;, ,,ro„n „n,l vn,s, hr lo„/,r,l Jor „l Mrlnllr IshnnI : ,nul >/ „„ Ihrrr ' nn,! Ul, l„„l hrrn srarrlnul ,„ v,nn hrnrr nn,sl ron,r Ihr ronrlnsnn,, llwl hr rnuld "Of Ixnu' ,in„r h.lhr.nulhinnul ,nnl ,rrsl,n,nl: \m\. (I,r inl,-rn...,li.,(,. -" '^I''''-''-"'""!"".! ''•^'"n\V..sl? .\,.nn, I'mny's o|H,nu„ . h,,. I„. u.nt, ,„. U .'lln,,;!,,.,, CluMM..! ;,..,! ,.,, to llw .,orl l,-urs(, ,,n,sr, no douhr, fnm, Ins r/h->rr.f. |„ wl,;,(. .Iin,.( j,,,,; Ihn, ,li,l IM' st,„M-. i.rirr l,...,vii,.; HrrrluT lsl;„„| r \Vn ll,i„k l,r lollnwc/l (I,,- '"'''"'"'■ '"'^ li'« IIh' sn„U.-u..,s(, II,. was „„aM,,. In ,vad. that ,,,,„.,' I.,.t li.'iv,M,^r||„. ulu.l.. spa.,. iM.twrr,, it and l',a„ks' Lan.l l.clorv |,i,„ l,o |)ci-s,s(r,l lo tl„- wrstuaiMl, and .ill i,„at,r|y was U,rkv,\ i„ U,,. i,,,.\,,^ llic S()iitl\-wrst, side of Alrlvillr Sdimd. We a.-aii, .-xpn-ss c,,,- r.Mr.vt al, t,l„. „„|,a,,|,v t,.n„i„ali..i, of ||,ps<. i;:x|H".li(i..iis. Tl„- „„.ril. d„c (o tl,..,n In,- ihci,- .'xt ,-aonli„ary cx.t- Imns, ;u,d /caloiis, pn-sislcnt, .■lloi^js „vr,- si,rh an extended area in most praiseworM.y, but, il was all,..-eti,er l.,st lor a |,i„„., (o |„. Letter nj.pre.'iated i.en-after. We lament that ;-;ne|, n,en as Anstin and 0!i,man(>y, and (heir ..HIcm-s and e,-ews, shonid have h-rn placd, an itANvre, (.n their trial when (hey retnrned, for eon.h,ct that com- mands, and should ever eomtnand, ti,(^ appndmlion of I'ln-jishmen, for they had Iii-hly (hstiiifruished themselves; still, Jet not" IVmiy 'and Stewart, and their ollloers and men, be lor-„tt(-n ; th.Mr zeal in the t-inso was donbtless, and their pr..lon-„| ,.|Io,.t.s were well coiidueted !Uid well carried out, but theirs was an anomalous \)os\\\im-~no( of the Xm-n and I, et of the Government.: let it sulli,,., the Committee bcibro named -xpress " uiKpialilied admiration of the .'irranyements cf rajitiiin Austin and iMr. Penny," arul of the '■ zeal, ener-y, intre- pedity, and pcTseverance " of the oflieers and crews. It has been attempted to lower the merits of Penny's discoveries, by carping at some of his positions, bearings, Ac. To say the least, this is^un- o 2 !■,,.!. I1K5 IM.ANS or SKAllOlf lOIl Kllt .lOUN KIIANKMN. |.,!jj ■4 ' t I i i goiK^roiiH ; lor Hiirciv Uit'n* in nil lli(> (liir(M'tMi('(> IicIwimmi (tlKSorvalioiirt tiikcii ill ail open hojil, in siicli nil iiiclciinMil. rcujidii, iivcriitjjc tciiiiicrii- tiiiv scarcely above zero, and (lios(> olilaiiied amidsl the DicililieH iiiid eoinrorts oH'crcd liy liiMiriously ctiiiipped arij;osieH, t'lirnislied willi everv advaiilatre as i,o iiislrumciils. Hut, " let, one iilain tiile l)c told, that dotli siir|)ass all saws" ii'/l/iinii I'cinii/ (lisccvfri'tl lluil .sea Id thr north intnl of the ll'cl/iii>//oii VlKtiiiifl ; he liil llir irni/. li is gralilyiiifj; to \'Ai\, iiotwitlistandinij; tliese untoward eircnni- staiices, tint, .lie Admiralty appreciated and I'liliy reco;4iii/.ed the extraordinary merits of not only Captains Austin and Oinmaney, and their ollieers :ind iiien, hut also Messrs. Penny and Sttnvart, and the odieers and erews iiiuK'r their coiuniand. Anextraoior twoi'roin the Heport ol'the hefore-noticed (\)iiiiiiitlce (dated l2()lh Noveinlier, IS.")!) may not he out of place: " With respect to the results of tiu> late l'].\pedition," as rci^ards the seaich for the inissinu; ships, tiiey remark, " it is a iiiatt(>r of ns) small inlercsl, and importance to iiave ascertained with certainty the exact position ill which they passed the winter of IS I') — (5; while the careful and minute (>\|)loratioii of the coast to the vsoulhward and westwanl, hy (^aptain Oinmaney iind lii(Mitenant iM't'lintock, without discovering; any traces whatever of Sir dohn Franklin, would seem to allbrd a very stronuf presumption that he did not pass that way; and conj(>c- turt>, therefore, naturally turns towards Wellin<:;ton t'hannel, to which, it is well known, he had often looked, as atfordini:; oii(> chanc(» of a pns.saije to the north-W(>st, and Avhich we sei>, by Mr. I'ennv's account of his examination of the upper part of the Channel, appears to form at least a possible outlet in that direction." How the Com- mittiv can have jiresumed that I'^ranklin did not pass to the south- ward and westward, from the results of Cajilaiii Ommaney's and LieutiMiant IM'Cliiitock's e.\])lorations ((Explorations commanding; our highest admiration), while as yet the space between lt);{" AVest and Banks' l/aud — t hat important space that formed the groundwork of t he original IMiAN of the voyage — remained unsearclunl, we cannot, con- ceive. We are compelled to say. but witli diu' d(d(>rence, it was ''a very strong ])resumptioii." vXt'ter thus dis[)osing of Si^ctions T) and (! of Kraukliirs Instructions, of Cape Walker, and the south-w(>st. we cannot greatly wonder that '' conjecture , . . naturally turns to Wellington Strait," the "presumption" of the one and the "conj(>c- ture" of tbe other being equally without foundation, eipially falla- cious and improbable. As to Sir John Franklin's ])redilections in favoiu oi Wellington Channel, we think there is some little error im;i'oiit or Tin; committim;. 1!)7 hvas 5 and IV luv si. uo ns to lla- Il> It ions ni U> iMTiir licni ; Ills views nrc hIkuvm in a I'lan, read bi'lori; lliu Uoyal (Ico^^ra- |)liical SocicI y, (lalcd lOlli l'\'l)rnary, ls;{(},* 'I'lu; (lonclndinj,' scnlciico says, " \(i service is nearer Id my lieari ilian 'lut coinplelion of tlu^ urvey iif llie north eoasl. of America, and the accomplishment ol' a iNorlh-West, Passage." N<'ither " vci'hal inibrinatiim " or " expi'essed nitenlions" can stand before a recorded opinion. We nnist take his Instrnctioiis, it is said written principally, it' not wholly, inider his own dictation ; hnt whether so or not, they are hindiiif^ on him, and it is admitted he wonld not treat them with " levity." Are we pre- pared to say lu! was ;mwillinj; or nnable to I'nllil them ? 'I'd say " nnwillini,'," is to charge this great and good man with a wilfnl /' whir// in- Ihicc not o xIhuIdh' of proof. Thus do thi; Wellington t'haunel advdcates place us on tho horns of a dilemma. Wc; thought, at the time, he follow(;d his In- struct ions, and that he never atti'm|ited the Wellington Chanuel, and W(> think so still The |)aragraph Mo. II, in re|»ly to .\o. 10, is all'ecl- ingly creditable to the feelings of the Committee for tin; relatives and friends of the ]''ranklin H.xpedition, who still cbuig to ho^.e, "even against hope," and whose thoughts (as might be expected) turn ea- gerly towards further i-xploi-ations "in any ami every direction. "f We miglit add, this disposition to search "in any and every direc- tion" has been shown by others (not relatives), and caun(jt be better illustrated than in the iniportanco and preferenci' given tu Wellington Channel, Jones's Sound, and the " gi'cat sound at tlu' head of IJalliirs Bay." Ju reply to their h)rdshij)s' (piestion, '' What benetits can bu o.x|)ecLed from any further research, with the means and tlii'i'ction in which llie Comnnttee are of opinion that such search should bo prosecuted?" after reconnneniling "that an Exjxidition should b(; ih'spatched next year to Harrow's Strait," tho Committee observe :-- "We consider any further (!xph)rati(»n in tho dinnttion of JMelville island, or to the south-west «»f t'ape Wa.lker, wholly unnecc.'ssary ; and we, therefore, ])ropose that all the strength and energy of the expedition should be directed towards the oxumiuation of the u|)per \)art of Wellington Strait." Thus was a veto gi\eu to ail further * Soo "Jouvnal of tho Royal Orogrnphirnl Society, 183G," vol. vi., part i., pp. 'll$— in ; also, ibid,, Captahi (now Ailiiiiral Sii- F.) lioiiul'ui't's (ipiiiioii tlu'rcon, ]). 17 ; also, tiic " \'ovngc of the Tcrro), liSIJH— 7," l>y Ciii)taiii (now Aihuiral Sir U.) Back. t yi'c Uluc Books-, "Arctic EipcJilioii," Kupurt, p. v. I lOS IT.ANS l)|- SKAIU'II lOU SlU JOHN Fn.WKr.I.V. ' I ' l?l! I ! I ^ ■I seardi in the diroctioii in wliich Franklin was orilercd, and the route adoptml, wliicli, (if all otlu'i-t!, 1h> was least likely to have followed. " More than one of the party (Franklin's) betrayed to mo" an '' in- clination" to explore it, " whieh I discouraged, no one venturing to conjecture even to what extent it luight go, or into what (lillicultiea it might load."* l-'rom Ihis time we may consider the search for our nuich-valued counlrviiien abandoned; thev were left to their fate — a fate wc fear to think of. But how could this extraordinary con- clusion have been come 1o ? Only under the daring assum])tiou that Franklin was altogetht>r shut out from the south and west, by insur- mountable obstacles presenting themselves between North Somerset and Cornwallis Island, and, therefore, had turned his attention to Wellington Channel. j\ll tliis was imaginary. We had not an iota of evidence to prove it. The search ly (."ape Walker and the south- west merely ])rovt\l that he could not approach an impracticable coast — a porticm only of that space he was sent to cx[)lore ; the Wellington Channel ollereti no proof that he had been there ; and Beechey Islaiul was altogether silent, which it would not have been. had Fraidilin passed up AVellington C'hannel. But in the face of all these, Avitl; the western sivle of INlelville Sound and Jianks' ]iaud as yet unsearcbed, the south-west is rejected, and the Wellington Chaniu'l chosen. AV'as thei-e ever such strange iuconsisteiu'y ? AVhy, tlii> very fact of despatches not having been found at Beechey IshuKl was alone sullicient negative evidence that Fraidvliu had not gone Tip the Wellington Channel. The Connnittec conclude by statiug, '' they have thought it right to request from the several geutlemen (named in the margin), their opinions on this interesting but most difiicult question." The geutlemen named are, liear- Admiral Sir John Ross, the Kev. Dr. Scoresby, Captains Austin, Kellett, aiul Ommaney, Sir John Eichardsou, and the Messrs. Penny and Stuart. They are requested to reply to the following questions : — " 1st. Do you supposi! it probable that Sir John Fraidpi,e. -nve.i to the above questio.is are in many cases very J'",Kt,hy ; hut as the object of these pa^es ,s simplv to inquire whe- . r .. have sought the Franklin Expedition in the right'direction, ti ou r'T/ " n ' "" ""' """'^"'^"^ '' ''''''' -i'"'-'^^'>''^t tend to ti.rou l..ht on that subject. Th,- .piestion, if any survive of our .n..ssn,.eountryn>en? we shall notice. All our quotations must be )ery bnet ; but we shall endeavour to extract the sense of the author ill aJl cases. Sir Jolui ]{oss, 1st November, l,S.3l, in his reply, says he does 'not thnik It probable that . . . any portion of 'ti-Jvs s . 1 sui-vne ; it is /.../,/ possible, if the ships have been wrecked 'on' ntvl '■ "'i "'^ ^ '' f ^^"^"^'^ '^'^>'' ^^'''^^^' ^''^''•^^ '^^ "'Stives, but "-' •- ^ -.' No "British born" subjects could withstand the b"; m ;"f """ '"'^ ^'"^^ ^"^^^^^'"^ ^'- 1-'1'^3' of Adam Huk s report^ that re,,un-es search, is the wc-st coast of ikilin's Ikv between Pond's Bay and Cumberland fStrait." The K(.v. Dr. Scoresby, 7th November, iSol, says :*- "That Sir John l-rankhn or some portion of his associates, ,.«y still survive is a pos, ,on winch cannot be controverted. It follows, therefe ot probability . . . does exi.st." As to the direc- tion the Expedition ,s to be looked for, and the grounds Jbr the opuHon, the Doctor observes, " The impression conveved to my mind from the very iirst has been, that the IVanklin ExpJdition must, on the strongest probabilities, have proceeded by the Wellington Chan- nel, and Irom tlience north-westward, into some remote po.sition or some position of inextricable en,barrassment among the ices of 'the Nor h West Polar Sea. . . . In the Oflicial Instructions directing Sir .John Irankin (tailing in linding a passage westward and south! westward from Cap." AValker) to proc-ee iiiiil cliilKinitc cxplonil inns ol' tlir regions Id llic \\rsi\v;ir(i iVoni H;irrii\v"s Slrait, seems lo !iiri>nl, ne^jilivelv ;il lensl, snlisfiielorv j^nidimce, \i/.., (lull (lit> rApetlil ion nnder Sir .lolni I'ninKlin did iiol |iriiseentr lli(> (ilijcel olits mission (o llie sdnlliwin-d iind westwMi'd nl' Wellini^lon Slniit (( 'li;innel). . . . Tlie pri- \ut\v\ (lireetinn pni|)(ised h\ Sir .Inlm I'mnKlin's I nstrnel iiin;( lieinj^^ llnis dispnsed nf, we rejisoniildy lotA I'or liim in lliiil oilier ilireelinii ue\( in order ;ippoinle(l lo liim, wliieli (';ipl;iin I'eunv's inlereslinr,' reseiirelK's sliow ns lie miL,dil lune pursued. ;i direelion uliieli :i mere \ iew I'rom ili(> hills mi^lil li;i\e sli.own liim lo lie open, . . . replete will) promise of ii ^rand iind sneeessi'nl progress norlli-wesiward." The Doctor then talKs of " l'"r!iiilvlin's I'avoiir.'dtle opinion hearts of the adveii- InnM's V ilh hope and glailness, . w liicli nrged a (h'parlure so hiifi'ied ami Imperative !;s to leav(> no moment for caring for records;" and "as to no traces o\' the I'lxpi'dition being mel wilh in all the exlenl of Captain IVmmix's exploration, . . . all that can be con- clnded is. that \\w ]irobabilit_v o'i vSip .lohn i''ranl\lin having passed s, as lo probabilily, nolbing." After the abovi> ipiolali(>n, it will bi< anticipated Dr. Scoresby recoinmonds the AVellington Channel roiil»\ Capl. .\nstin. November loth, IS,")!,* says: — '' 1 do not believe, nor suppose it jirobable, Ihat Sir.lobn I'ranklin, or anyjiorlion of the crews, . . still snr\ive." His reasons are, long absenci', want of rosoiuves. and the scarcity of animal life : he continues, " Any search up A\\>llington C^hannel vvouhl in my opinion be fruitless. 1 cannot bring myself to search at all with the hope of success in any direction. 1 found this conclusion on the circumstance of thi' late i\xtensive isearch ha\ing discovered no traces beyond those in the neighbour- hood o'i the first winter ipiarters, anil I cannot n>sist the oonvictiou t (l( 111 CO ])o gn (pi Jo\l of we, * I'lluo In'ok, "Aivtii- I'lxpodilioii, lSo2, lu'iun-l k^\," pp. U)l — 7. ' jsssss;^ I •'! lilP'i»'»» ' CM'TAIN KKI.I.r.'l r. l!Ol "'"«' il"' 'Missii,,,; I'xpnIilioM .li '•'^'■•""<' • • IfSir.!..!,.. KmnMin i.nMvr.lr.l m, \\<'lliii.Ul..M Cliiiimrl, a n-conl ..f i(, u.miI.I l.jiv,- Imvm \r\l. V.'SH.-ls .■..1,1,1 „„|, |,„v,. |,,.,Hs.'(l (hn.ii^h H imm.w pasHi hHw.vn tli.^ •^I.iii.ls ulnVI, ,,,,|„,„- on (';,,,(. IN.„..y's d,;,H, vvitlm,,!, .Iri,.,.!,!,,,. ; ••'IXI (ImmM- „ M.'U (lis.M.V.TV) |...HS.'Ssi..n W.UI.I I.UV.' ImtM Illk.'II iiii.i «nnH> M.Mrk ..fsii,.!, .lis.M.v.Ty l-'H .,i, 1 1,..,,,. . . |{„|, ( lu'iv ;nv .'.tl,,.,- «r..iiii.l,s; Mwiv iiiv (.|mii.,Ms \vlii,.|, |,;,v,. iiillii.'iHr,! iiii.l ^r|,i,|,,,| „„,^ ""■'''' •■"■'■ '■'"' nr<.nl..,| .,|,iMi,„is ..f ..nr in..^ cinin.'Mt. A irt i.- navi- MMlors aii.l in.Mi ..f s.'i..,,,..., far IV.m, lav.Miriii- (|„. .s,,„rl, lor Sir .l„hn '''•'■"ilvliM l.y ll„. way ..f tl„> \V.-|li,,ir|,oM CI,,,,,,,,.]. TIm- .■..inniiUr.. will iriM.'iMl..-rll,al ll..,..nl..rs i„ Sir.lolm FranUii, l,iM,s,.|r h.i.l „,. Nln-ss „,„„. tl„. i,„|,.,rlaiH.,> ..f (|,al, .•|,aM.„.|, |,„|, ,,„i„|..,| his ..s|Mr,al .•il1'|M,M tuy ,l..|,arl,inv, ,.x,,r..s,s.Ml l„.r anxi-'ly th„(, parli.Milar s,.a,rl, "'"'"'•' ' •'•'•''"'' '" *'"" «-M,||,-\v..sl, ..r Cap.. Walk.T; ImiI .,..1. ..no won! .,r \Vclli„^H...< ('lia,i,M.|. Will, all tl,..sr i„,p..rta.,l, .■.H,si,l..ra- ' "ftJir WcllinKt„„CI,amid. . . Ilavin- tlMTrtor,. v.Ty iii:'('iivly \v..i-h..,l all (hm. circmi.HtancoH, I viinuoi but In, stn-n.^ly .Mipn>,s,s.,lihaUSir.l..l,.i Franklin .li.l n..1, pr..s..,ai<,. [...ynn,! l3,.,,-h,.y l^laii.l; h„(, h.avin^r his winter .jnaHcrH, he was ..i(h..r"h,.,s..t, ..n that, o.rasu.n, or was alt<-nipt,in^' to r.-tiirn in Fai^rJaiul. . . Ccntad wiM. 1..M-S w.M.I.j also snIlici.M.tly account lor the disappearan.. ' ..f the ships, with all ..n board." Captain Kell<>tl, NovcMiber 5th, 1851,* suyH--" There is no evi- «lfiuv ..f their havin- been wre.'k.'d ; ,.n th<. ei.ntrary, 1 think w.- Iiav.- evidence that th,-y have n<.t hw.u wrvcked. I C.el it is not uithin the power ..f uum to say they are .lead, nor d<. I c.,nsid,.r it ri-dit to Sir .l.,hn Franldin cre.lit for pursuin- th.. .d.j.rt ot his Exp..ditioi., the ships will bo Ibun.l. I (hink, a h.nrr way to'the Avestward oi'any poiut reached by the parties Iro.n the latoExpeditioiis. » IJluf Ifwk, "Arctic J<:xi .edition, 185J, livinni, Ac," |.. 1(;8. 20'2 I'l.VNS <(| SKVIitll IDII Silt JOHN lll\MvMN. 1 1- I II tlit'siiMitMcr ol" Is h> lu> limy liiivc rciu'licd m iiiivi^MltlcscM tiorlJi ol'llic I'.'irn Islands, wliicli may have i'iial>l<'(l liiiii lo ^mM to Mic west- wai'il, and pnilialily Id llif soul liwanl of iMclvilJc and Hanks' liaiid (wliicli iii.'kv ill' one), iiiakinf:;; Ids n'tiini Ity t/ir rnsliriinl niarr ilijltrnll. tintn //id/ III/ Ihr inn/iriinl. and (lie open water, lis far as lie could know (Wraiif^iTs r). less distant, liy (lie wtjstcrii nmlc. lie would, llicrct'on'. pci'scviM'c wcstrrly, and liaviiii:; iiiadc Ins wcslinL,', may liavc l>i'(Mi stopped in 'lis endcavoiir to j^cl. soiitli by coiit iiiiions land or islands. Wo liav.' certain proof ol' there lieiiit^ land in tliis sea. for, on .\iii,nist I Till, is ID,* I luiulri/ on an island in lat. 71' ll»' .\., loni:;. I~'>" lt'»' NV. (named Herald's Island; it is almost inacccssililc, and literally ali\e witli birds. l''roiii t lie neii^diboiirliood of Herald's Island I saw (as far as a man can be positive of his sii^hl in those seas) to the westward an e\tensi\e land, very lii^^li and ni^i^'cd, distant, I consider, from my posit ion titty or si\ty mill's. I could not approach it in my ship, hut il mi,u;lit ha\e been easily reached by a steam-vessel. I do consider th;i1 it is more probable that the shijis are sl() miles west of tiieir w inter tpiarlers, I SI") — (}; for had they bi>en within that dist;ince, we should have had, loiii; ere this, some o/^' out of so lai'i^e a party, return to i;ive lis inforniat ion (d' their where- abouts. Hi iiKj ill /lif vicriilidii, or lo /lir irrs/irnrd oj' //. ix /lir rcri/ misoii iri' lion' no/ liriiril from l/inii, /'or lliri/ could iial jiossilili/ rriicli either America k^v Asia in boats or on foot." As to further search, and the direction, ("apt. Kellett says, "were I proposing.' to make a north-east passaui\ I should recommend an atlempt to be made, di- rect I v north in the meridian of Hehrin'''s Si, "ail, where llu^ sea is \S * " Tlie U.S. S. /7))rr«»r.v, Oomiiioilorc Kdijcrs, visited llcnild IsImikI in IK.'iI.; mill tliiMico s;iilc'(l I'illior over or in llu' iiciiililiourluioil !' in- lor :i i^i'futcr cvlriit iiurtlii'rly Umti in miiv kI Ik t (line- I ion ; l)iii !is I lie oliirct ol" iiii csiicdit ion would lie one of sriifcli not ol" discovrrv, I islioiiM rcconnncnd llirir niukiii^; llri'iild Islinid, and llini push wcsli riv lor tlic lioid seen hv nic, sslncli may he a I'ont nniat ion ol'tlic land sfrn liyllif natives IVoni ( 'ape .lakan, ami wliii'li we know, from Haron Wrani^rl's voyage, is not coniu'ctrd with llic coast. ol'Asia. I wonid pass, if possible, t<> tiie westward of t.liis liind, and then |)rose(,Md(' the search easterly alon'4 its northern lace." Allmlini^'to ('apt . IM'Clure, he says, " he will use every endeavour to reach Melville Island with his parlies, if he failed with his slii|)H. . . Shoidd one of these parties reach Melville Island, or even the nctrthern slior'e of Haidis' Land, lliey will endeavour to ^et home hy the east, heiii^' a sider route than attempting' to retin-n tii their shi|)s." ('apt. Ounnaney, .Novemher I'Jth, |S.')|,* says:- " I am of opinion, that neither Sir .John l''ranklin, or any portion of the I'lxpedition, are now alive." His reasons for Ihinkim,' so are, "when they ipiitted hcechey Island (say, A UL,Mist, 1>-I(!),lliey had less t lian t wo years' |)r()- visions left to last them u|) to t he preseid. time. . . .No l']ni.;lisli con- st it utiou,civili/,ed people, couhl e,\ist so lon;.,M)ii reduced allowance. . I place no I'eliance upon the suppoi't they arc^ likely to procui'e from t he (pinutitv of i^ame or animals found in those re;^'ions." lie thinks, from "the numerous old I'lsipiiiiiaux setliements, that a chanj^'e has taken places in those seas, in the course of time, which, hecomini^ hhxdved up with ieci for a longer period of tlie year, ifincni'rn/ s/iips il'hl iiof liikv a irrs/rrJjf ronrni'{?^ . . IT this (•((iicluHioii iicfdcil t'lirllicr sii|)|)(ii't," it- liiis lifcii supplied hy tlic iiccduiil- III' "' Dr. Kile's* very remiirkid)l(! pcdeslriaii journey," "just ari'ived. hy wliieh we are iidonned lliat that /ealmis and a<-tive traveller had explored the coasts of \'ietoria and Wollastoii Lands from the I loth lo the I Isth deujr'ee of loni^itnde, ap|iroachiiiL,' on the one side within 'J'JO miles of Lieut. Osliorne's fai'tliest point south-west of Cape Walker, and on the other within an eipial distance of the north side of Hanks' Land. . . The lari,fe lic-de of l']skimos, . , met hy Dr. Ifae, . . had never seen ships or white men. . . The way in which I think the information that has heen collected liy the various searclnnfj; Kxpedillons oUL,dii to he interpreted is, — Tiio Hunuiier of IS I;"), Sir John l"'rankliu was foiled in his attempts to pass Harrow's Straits; that while waitinj,' for the disruption of tlit» ice, ('apt. l-'itzjames and other maj^netie ohservers landed (»n Cape Kiley to keep the Au;^ust term-day ; and liaviii;j; thendiscov(!red the cpiulitics of Union Bay as a securo harbour, the ships eventually chose; it as ti winter ri'treat. . . J ii tiio spriufj;, exploring sledt^e parties were sent up Wellinfi;ton Channel, and havinj^ merely a |)assajj;e to look for, and neither bays to examine nor the circuits of islands to make, they had > ■l^ u III •_'()('. I'l.ws III slCMicll lull silt John rii\SKi,i\, luivintj l)0('ii (lirtoovcred north of I'lipc S|(ciic('r. . . Also, the ruts of lotiilcil s|i-ii;r(>s, apparently sciil to cxaiiiiiic tlic cliaiiiu'l ; iIicmc <'ii'cuinstano»'H, willi tiio hccoikI clause ol'liis lu. Inietioiis. and liis own Well known prefereiiee, anil tliat of his ollieers, for the passa^'e hy WelliiiLjIoii Strait, is ipiite ('oiiciasi\e in my mind. . . Our linding no eainis. or a|)pearanei' of his liaviii"^ landed, seems to mo to indicute thai the passage miisl ha\e heeii open, and iiotliiiiu; to stop him in Is 1(5, and jjiat he took advanta^^e of it." Jieferriiii,' to the Ivsipii- iiiaii\, he thi'iks "u mii^ratioii has taken place from a people liviiiL,' in ii hiudier latitude, and that they came down \\'elliiii;toii Strait, from the remains of stone huts, and that tlu! stuck from which they came may still he e.vistinu; on some land to the north of the open sea, which I expect to find Icadiiif? to Hehriii)j;'s Straits ; . . and Sir John Kranklin and his companions may lia\e found !i refu;i;e amon<.; them." .Mr. A. Stewart, .Novemher 15, Isol,* "fully concurs" in ('apt. IVnny's j)la;i of search. Koviewiiij^ these opinions, it will he oh.served in re<;ard to the llrst question, as to the probahility of Sir John Kranklin, or any portion of his crews, beini; ali\e, live of the eiijht {^entli'men consulted, answer in the allirmative. When wi* mention such names as Sccjresby, one almost literally to the Arctic ren'ions born; a Kellett, with his lar^^e experience in l}ehrin«j;'s Strait ; a Kiehardson, not only experienced as an .Arctic traveller, but by his profession and his eminent talent, more (jualitied to form an opinion as to the elfects of an Arctic climate on a Hritish constitul ion than most others; I'eiiny, enifaged all his life in bullet inij; with ice and cold, and their injurious consetpiences ; — whi'ii Ave meuti(m such names, ime is irresistiblv led to the conclusion that some may yet survive : the facts and ar,^uments adduced are Ibniuled on all the knowledge of tlie past, nd, as far as they go, are unanswerable ; they are, therefore, not to be lightly rejected. There is one opinion adverse to the above conclusion — that "some may yet survive," we allude to that of Sir John lioss. It is remarkable, as this gentleman offers in his own person the best evidence of the power of man to endure the rigours of an Arctic climate over a protracted period, and still to enjoy health. lie thinks it is not probable that any survive, but it is " barely possible, if the ships are wrecked on the east or west coasts of Bailin's Bay, where there are natives, but nowhere else." Sir John Itoss supposes the scene of the catastrophe in cpiite as high a latitude as is the probable position of the Franklin Expedi- * Hep BhiP Book, " Arctir Expedition, 1851, Report, Ac," p. 181. ""'•-'"'^--.nM,;:; u ::;i^^ -;■■'■-' „■ ,,„ .:;■.:;""•■;" ''■:■; ' .cert,,;,, , ,;■,:: ,"'\r""""''>- '»-"« - *. "u. „, .i,e «■„,, ,„. ,,,.,.u "J" "■';;;;» "-"--iw,. •■ „„ h„ ''"' ■'"! i.i->«v„t,. ti„' „i,i,,",r ' , :*""'"' " <"""-i".-ii..i..., •• ii,„t " ::;;;;;„';::";"-^^^.»'n,,;;::;,::,:;-^';<-;.i»v-^ ' '" ' f *V>'Jli"(;t„„ Cl^,„„a.l 1, ,, , , ' ' , '""' 'iKTrfc,,,., i|„, '-"-";.:™:it;.'::- u-,..,,.,,,, u ,1 ,;^ y was once supposed (o tvxist ; si ill Frj'.nkliii may havo boon iuvolvoil in tliis (li'ii't ice, iind boooiiio oiiibarrasscd in soino passaji^o, loadiiii; in ,i soullifrly (liriH-tion at tlio bottom of jNIolvillo iSound; bul ol' this \\c sliall liavo to spoak anon. AVc arc sorry to record Sir .lolui Uicliard- soii's opinion in favour of AVollington Cliainiol ; but al'tor all ho rests it on the condition, '■' if the icr rciiiitincd J'ai^l lo f/ir irrs/iranf; '' and a most important condition it is, for of this wo l\ad no C(>rtain know- lody:i>. " (.'ajitain Penny, in which Caj^tain Stewart joins, ('Xi)resses himself " firndy of o[)inion, . . that l''raidilin went u]) Wollinj^ton C'hainiel." He assumes '" Franklin knew of the open water, iVom the rids of islodi^es apparently siMd to exann'ne the channel;'' and "his well- known preferenc(>, and that of his oHlcers, for it." .l''rom the absence o of all trace of his course up it, he thinks " the passage nnist have been open, nnd nothing to stop him in IS 1(5." Now, what proof have wv. of this ? AVe think the absence of despatches at lioechey Island, and the failure of all traces up it, ar(> negative proofs that Franklin did not attempt the Wellington Channel. J'rom the irmif of rrii/riicr fo prorc that FnvihUn could not (jet irrx/iranl, although s/iiit out from Cape Walker, from the nli.seiice ofileKpntehea, eairiift, i^'e., in AVellington Channel, we are compelled to cimchuh' that Franklin 2)ersevereil to ire.<^tirnrd, and did not attempt the Wellington Channel at all. Capt. Austin does not think any of the Expedition survive, and, therefore, further search is fruitless ; and with regard to the AVelling- ton Chainiel, he gives sonu> good reasons for concluding he lu'vcr at- tomjjtod the passage by that route ; he confesses himself " at a loss to account for the strong feeling that is abroad in favour of a further search " in that direction. Capt. Omuianey su})poscs they did not prosecute the Xorth-AVe.st Passage after leaving Jieocluy Island, as no records were left; that t^u\y rotreateti, and were lost on their return. Sir .1 ohn Ross is, as usual, rambling and indelinito ; without assign- ing any reason, lie thinks the west coast of Iktlin's May should be searched, and the land about Cape York, to prove the trut'u or falsehood of Adam JJeck's story, already proved false. Capt. Kollott's opinion is evidently founded on the supposition tllat Franklin passed to the north in lS-10, and made large westing in a high latitiule, probably to the westward of tlie meridian of Behring's Strait, and that he nnist have been stopped in getting south by "con- tinuous land or islands. Here it will be seen the impression of the *^,\istence of a Polar Sea — or i'olynia, is the governing feeling; truly. m r 0, and, vev at- loss to I'lirtluT th-Wost ft ; that assifi;n- shoiilil ;rutli or i[)Osition cstiiitj; iu Jchriug';^ by " I'oii- lll of till' nr; trillv. CAITAIN KKI.LKTT. 20!) if aiij^lit could "allure to realms unknown," it is tlio faseinatiuf^ inlliuMUv of this 8t'a of \\'ranji;cll. It will have been noticed {(uitr, p. l(?l), in reasoning liypothetically tin the proliabhi I'ourse of Fraukliii, that we liave adopted a ni-arly siniihir line of arf^uinent ; but in oureaso we have itsKunird thai lie lunl reached the iiierididn of ]]Ielrille Island, liuciiiij in (lU his endeavours fo (jet south tltruiii/h Jlelrille Sound been fritsfrafed. NVe are hajjpy to see that ('apt. Kellett adiuita his answer to be "eonjcctural." We must confess, here, to the weakness of a little pride when we see our views, however hypothetical, but we hope reasonably advanced, th\i9 countenanced by one jjossessing the; talent and experience of a Kellett, and particularly as both opinions were formed unknown and independent of each other. IVe ohnervc with deep rerjret that farther search hi/ Cape IVallcer and the south-west has not a sinyle advocate. ]3eforc we take leav(^ of these opinions, we would ask, Were there no other conditions to which iniyht be referred the long detention of the Franklin Exj)edition r" The unknown nature of the region north and eastward of Wollaston Laud ; Xorth of Victoria Land, and south-east of Uaidts' Land, might be land, or com])osed of ice-clogged, narrow passages ; in short, it might present features insuperable to advance or retreat. " Owing to the drift of the main body of the ice," might there not result to the missing Expedi- tion that " inevitable embarrassment " which had been foretold, " from which Franklin would never be able to extricate his ships" ? * "Was it, then, the dread of that south-east current (noticed by Parry at IMelville Island), and the dire prognostics of Kir James Hcjss as to the fate of all that came within its fatal inlluence, that di'terred tiie very mention even, much less the examination of it ? IMelville Sound, like the Maelstrom, should have been searched, and robbed of its imaginary terrors. The fact is, lengthened absciice had led to the conclusion that if Franklin did endeavour to make westing (outside (.'ape Walker), lus )nust long since have passed beyond that region, or he woidd have been heard of retreating to the eastward, or to the southward and westward. Strange did it never occur to the minds of oui" Arctic authorities that the sad presages — the direful forebodings, of one of their own body might be realized, and that Franklin and his giiUant fellows were locked ;ip in the position indit-atcd, were looking for I'.elp from the east, " whos*' eyes might h(> dim with daily scanning the far distant horizon, with watching the rise of evei-y little <'loud, and • Sir ParlmniPiitiir^N rinu'i't., No. 'HW, " Anlii' Kxpi'dition, IS 18," p. 15. i' ')| SI 210 PLANS OF SE.Vncn FOn STR JOHN FR^XKT.TK. i t;iji ,»>i :H tlio illusory appearance of anythin£» that iiiiij;lit encourage the liope that i-eleaso from tlic icy wastes and chilly waters aroinul them was at hand ! " * The more especially as the Parry Islands had heeii searched and no traces found. With the exce])tiou of five degrees of lonij;itude (examined hy Capt. Ommaney and Lieut, Oshoni), this r(>i against 1. 303. all f'nrtlior aoareli in that diroeiiou ; and with it the fate of the gallant Frauivlin, and his diivalrous aud no less gallant ollieurs and devoted erews. September 25th, 1S51. — Tiie Felix, eonnnanded by Sir John Ross, arrived at Straiu'aer. Tlio results of this private expedition may bo expressed in a few words : — The exploration of a portion of Cornwallis Island, by (.'onuiiander I'liillips ; wiiich appears to have been well exeeuti'd. We are glad to lind Conunauder riiillips, and Ur. Por- teous, spoken of in trnns of conunendalion. Besides this, there were two reports ; botii originating with Adam JJeek, Sir John Ross's Esqui- maux interpreter. They both created much sensation at the time, occa- sioned a great deal of trouble, and a most voluminous corres^iondence. Tbe first report* refers to "the loss of two ships in tlie ice, a g^od way oil', in the direction of Cape Dudley Digges, and afterwards burnt by a fierce luid numerous tribe of natives — part of the crews were drowned, the remainder were some time in huts or tents, apart from the natives. They had guns, but no balls ; were in a weak and ex- hausted condition, and were subsequently killed by the natives with darts and arrows." To us there never has appeared even the semblance of truth in this report. It was at once investigated on the spot by Capt. Onnnaney, Capt. Penny, Commander Phillips, etc., and resultetl in the discovery that tlie North Star had wintered in Wolstenholme Souiul. Conunau- der Phillips, Sir John Ross's own officer, says, " We were unable to discover any circumstances in corroboration," which was also the united opinion of all the aforenamed officers, Capt. Penny and others, present. Adam Beck's statement was written down and translated, and proved to be altogether a fabrication. The second report refers to a piece or post of elm, said to have had a sawcut at one end, in which was inserted a plate of tin, on which was tlie inscription, "September, ISIO," painted in white on a black ground. This tin plate was lost, bringing it away, in the snow ; the ground was searched ivhcn free from snow, and it was not found. Commander Phillips considers this also a fabrication : that gentleman's evidence, given before the Arctic coinmittee,t is sufficient ; but if not, let the reader wade through the Blue Books, the despatches, trans- lations, &c., and observe the discrepancies, and he will soon come to * Seo Pnrliamontary Papers, No. Il7, " Arctiu Expedition, 1851," p. 87-8. See also, Blue Book, " Aretic Ex])eilition, Report of Committee, 1851," p. (58. t See Blue Book, " Arctic Expedition, Report, 1851," p. 70. Also, Blue I5ook, " Aretic Expedition, Further Correspondeiu-e, 1852," pp. 7, 8, and 9, and 135-G. V '1 \ i!/! M\ .1,'' ■ ! <'■ : i "v I I'' i 212 PLANS OP SEAHCn FOB SIH JOHN FIvAXKLTN. -1; if^^ ; \i . '/)- the conclusion tliat there was not a word of t»"ntliin the whole matter. But we close our notice of the private expedition under Sir Jolui Koss, with his opinion as to the nioveinenls and tlie fate of tlie rranklin Expedition. Writing to Capt. Austin* (June 23rd, IS51), hi rej)ly to a letter from that officer, communicating the results of his south- west division under Capt. Ommaney, and the northern hranch undci' Lieut. Aldrich, he says, "It is iwporfnnf to find they cannot hace tahrti that road to dasiruction ; while to me it is satisfactory to see so clearly proved, that my conclusions of land intervening het^\oen tin; Polar ice and the coast of America, were perfectly correct." Again, in a reply (July 4^h, 1851), to Capt. Austin's letter, informing him of the return, &c., of Lieut. M'Clintock's division from IMelville Island, he says, " I cannot restrain myself from adding that I am afforded some satisfaction in having it so clearly proved, . . that the gallant Franklin and his devoted companions cannot have j)iiriiued ani/ of the courses westward of Beechei/ Island, Avhich, it must now he admitted, would have eventually led to tieir destruction. . . There still re- mains a hope, . . that traces of a more favourahle nature may he found in one or other of the positions in tiie north-west extremity of Baffin's Bay, or on its western coast." On heing furnished hy Ca[)t. Austin with a rough ou:line chart, showing the direction and extent of his searching-parties. Sir John replies, July 16th, 1851, " It proves, to my mind at least, that the missing expedition cannot have taken any course westward of Cornwallis Island." From these opinions we gather that Sir John Franklin, in being ordered to tlie south-west from Cape Walker, was sent on a road to destruction, ajid the Admi- ralty having sent him there, the blame, of course, " lies at their door." But how far is Sir John Eoss warranted in making tliis assertion ? As to the south-west being a road to destruction, he knew no more of the south-west and its destructive tendencies than what he hail learned from Sir Edward Parry, and the latter noivhere speaks of the horrors of3Ielville Sound. His conclusion as to the lantl intervening betw (u n the Polar ice and the American coast is mere talk — Sir Jolin Fraidc- lin and every one knew it. L'pon what grounds does Sir John lioss infer that Franklin did not pass to the westward of Cornwallis or Beechey Islands ? He q/fers no reasons, for the lest of all reasons, — there were none to offer. Capt. Ounnaney and Lieut. Osborn provi'd he had not visited the coast between Cape Walker and 10;i° W. ; M'Clintock that he had not touched at Melville Island, and Ahlricii, • Blue Book, " Arctic Expedition, Report of Committee, 1851," pp. xlii. and .\li\ , \m Again, SIK JOHN ItOSs. 213 i:,aUl,o Parry Wa„,l, „,r„r,led no tau^e of In, preson™ there- I„,f ;.«..,, ty of advaneing fnrt„or during t'.,at .^.o^ ( li.iel/t, "° eoa.t of Bam„. .a,'-'' 7:\fon ' „ rid™:™:;:* ^^^"■''.rf eutorprisin- spirits m-e to bo l,.fV f. ^^'^''^^''o^^ ^luit l.io giillaut, facooftheeJl,? F ^\\'f^^ *" ^^^^ «« uusuccoured from tho Blue Book, « Ai-cfcic Expeditio.,, Further Correspoudeuce." &c., PP- 8 and 9. II •J 11 I 1>. if '.:.\ I'll CHAPTER XI. sin JAMKS IfOSS's SV(i(lESriO>'S — LUCUT. Vni's IT.AN — (ir.OrCESTKll UALI.OON — UETUUN OT AMERICAN EXJM'.DITTON — DK. JJAK's M:\V DISCOVERIES — LIEIT. IIOOl'EU's I'l.AN — 1)1!. M'cOKM ICK's IM.AV — MK. UUOME — LIEUT. MAfC^ll RE's PI.AV — COMMANDER I'l E- LEN'S plan — DEHRIXO'S STKALT EXrEUITlOX — CLOSE OF YEAR. Sill James Koss, in a letter addressed to the Admiralty, dated September 2(!th, 1851,* inquires, in allusion to the " two posts bear- ing a hand pointing in a certain direction, . . did Captain Penny cause a cari't'ul search to be made in tlie direction indicated by the hand?" as lie "cannot doubt that if a search had been made, by digging to a short distance from the posts, the cylinders containing the despatches from Sir John Franklin would most assuredly have been found." lie adds, " AVlien the report of the wreck of thi' En-his and Terror, and the massacre of tlioir crews by the Escpii- maux, reached England, one chief reason for disbelieving it was, that it was said to liave occurred in tlie winter of 1810, a year after tlu> sailing of tlie Expedition, and therefore tlie calamity could not liave occurred on their outward voyage. It is well known that the season of l8ll> was the most si'vere tliat lias been luu)wn for many years ; none of tlie whale sliips attained a higher latitude than 71° on tlie cast, and 08° on the west side of JJallin's Hay, which was completely choked Mith heavy ice. . . Sir John Franklin's Expedition hail made but a small advance to the westward during the more favourable season of 1815. . . . Taking into consideration the character of the following season, it ap])ears to me by no means improbable that the ships were not releasetl from their winter quarters luitil too late a period for them to make any farther progress to the westward, tin' barrier of ice in that direction, as well as across the AV'^ellinirton Channel, probably not breaking uj) at all that season, as they assuredlv did not either in 1818 or ISIJ). To have wintered aiiain in the same vicinity would have been a waste of the resources of the Expedition, and if," as "assumed, they were unable to advance, tlu'y * Blue Book, "Arctic Espcdilion, 1852, Further CorrospoiuU-iico," &c., p. 130. 1 ( ; ; LTET'T. I'TM S 1'1-AN. l2lo \\()\il(I l)(^ compelled to rt'turn to Eiis* III till' Norlli ('ii|)i' (if (';i|il;iiM i'noV. 'I'lic pliin niny he 1 litis liriclly ^ivt'ii : - " All lli(> |)!;iiis liidicrlii !i(li>|i|(>(l I'ltr llic rflicl' nl' Sir .Inliii P'riiiiKliii li.'ivc Im'1'11 liMscd on (lie sii|i|)i)sil ion llinl llw l'l\|it'(li( ion liiis no|, Unii'tr.ilcd (o (li(> norlliwiinl of llio I'iirrv Islainls; llicrc Jiro. lio\\- i'\or. x.irioiiH rcisons lo s| rcnj^ilicii llio opinion Hint Sir.lolin I'miiKlin liMs sncciM'dcil in t'oi'cini!; ;i piiHsiii;!' lliroii;;li \V('lliii;^(on ('linniicl inio llio I'uli/iiiri, {)y open wiiloi'. In Iliis clear sea Mic pro!;rosM of llio ships towanls tlio wcsl would I > uiiiiiipcdcd until rc-rnloriiiii; llic ico in llif iiicridian ol' Hcliriniit's Siraii. wlicro llit" dillii'iillv of llio iia\ 1- j;a1ion i-cndt'rs it prolilcmal ical wliicli conl incut I lie vessels would nitiiiiatelv reacli. I am impressed willi llie idea lliey are upon the coast of Asia. . . . TIk* pr»*valent w inds lead to this supposition. }'/(/<• Appendix of liai'on \'on Wraiif;<"irs ' .lonrney to the Shores of the Polar S(>a.' . . . My own researches (a .lonrney from Kot- zehue Sound across the iiKMintains to a Kiissi;;n scit lenient in Norton Sound) serve to streni^lluMi my conviction that the niissinj; ships have attained the iiuM'idian of the Colville Kixer, thence despatched the two boats (^of which reports W(M't> in circulation during' the winter, ISIO-oO) t(> reach the shore, which it is likely tlu> winds above (Milioned. as well as the shoalness ol' the water, prevented the" larger t of America and the . tliiit of Siberia 111 SI vi>ssels from approachinu;. . . . The coas adjac(Mil count ri(>s hav(> been well searched h;is been totally overlooked; and yet an attentive perusal of Haroii \on Wraiii^i-H's book forces upon us the opinion that ships have been wrecked on Oie Siberian shores. lletpiol(>s, '()n the western neclivitv of the hills tlicr(> is a ]:\y ones in use here. hat. about 70° iS'orlh ; long. 150" ;{0' Fast. Ac." t " 1 ihcni'ore propose \o i^o in searcli of Sir Jolin Franklin on Iho coast of Siberia.'" leaviiii;- in p.niper time to arrive at the Kolyma ]\i\(>r the be<::iniiini; of spring-. " 1 would, in that and the succeediiit^ one. conipl(>tcly explore «>very appniachable jiart of the Arctic shore (from C'ap(^ Sii^vtM'o Vostolchini to IheCa])!^ North of Took, a distance of about l.;U)0 miles), and thus iinally st>t tlu> tpiestion at r(>st, whe- ther the iiiissiiii; ships, or traces of them, are to be found. * N(is is the Uussian iiamo for " i-apo." + " NiiviMtivo of an Kxiiodition to flic Toliir 8i\'i, 1820-23, h\ Admiral F. Von Wriiiigoll,"" I'diteil by 1-iiHitoiiiUit-Coloncl Kdward Saliiiic, 1811, p. 208. l.nCl T. I'lM H I'l.AN. 2\7 ■■ m > IJJ " It will ItC uhvioilS flllll lll(> il HlipliHllllM'Ill (tl'MliM l,!l»l( Cdlllplfll-H llic n'scnnlirM ; mid nil Mint liiimiui fH'nrlH rnn rll'cci, will liiivc lircii cNcrlnl in tlicir licliiiH'. . . Slioiilil llic |iliiii I liiivc |)ni|)iiHt' ^Tcat error has lircn that, too nnicli al lent ion hau lict'ii j^ivcii to the north, and too littlr to the south-west ; and that., t(io, willioiil, a |)arti('lc of evidencr to prove the I'lxpeditioii adopted ii norlliern route. All that could he iirj^ed was, that Sir .lolni l'"niiikliii (>\pressed "intentions . . . to iry in Hiiceession all the pro- halile openini^'s into the I'olar Mea ;" hut these iiitriiHiiiin ircrn In In: (ii'Icil iipi))! oiilji ill i':isr iif I'd Hurt' lo Ihr koiiIIi iiikI iri'sl. What "IIms various reasons are to st i'eiii;theii the o|)iiiion thai Sir .lohii l'"rankliii has succeeded in rorciiif^ a passa^'e tliroufj;li Welliii'^'ton ( haiinel," IMr. I'iiii does not siiecil'y. We are not aware that any [x ,- rea- son can he j^iveii, and yet we have endeavoured to acipiaii t oiir.selvta with the snhject. Wr i/o iiol fir/ii'rr llic IVtlliiif/lou ('litirnrl wan ever nllcnipled bif Hir -John h^rdnhliii, or lit- ironld have Irfl noliccH, f/iviiif/ /lis rriiNoiis for ilvparlinrj from hin JiinlrnclioHfi, id Becchey Island, Point Kiley, or els(>wliere. liit'utenant l*im writes evidently under the mystic, induoiicoH of tlin north, attracted by that " wide and immeusiirahlt^ oc(;an, . . fearJ'ul and inaf^nilieent ; . . melancholy,* but still fascinatin<^, l)e(;aus(! to appearance iiavij:;abl(!." It was to this I'oiynia tlio VVelliiij;toii Channel and the lunv sea discovered by Penny led; and Sir Joliii l''r.aiiklin Iiavinjjj a discretionary ])ow('r to ado|)t this (diannel, there- I'on* it is assumed thai he did adopt it. Hut ihia train of roasoniiif^ wo cannot admit : wo jirefor Arctic facta to Arctic opinions. Af^ain, even thougb tiio Asiati'^ slion* slioiild bave been soarchod within tliu spacer be iiuMitions, still that would not have coiiipb'ted "the ns Hcarcbcs," or " all that human endiavours . . . in their behalf " could acc(iiii[)lisli ; tbere teas ijcl the space, MdviUe Sound, to bo com- m ,,j,. II * Si'« Wraiif^L'U's «' Jounioy fo I lie Tolai- Sea," p. 333. ' •2\H l'l,\NM Of Ml \llt II run sill .lUlIN rilVNKMV. ! I pli'lnl. W'l' li.'iil \i>l til iuo'i'ilMiM w lii'l ItiT llii< l'l\|MMlili<>ii iiii<;lil iml li;i\c :ill!iiM('i| l;ii!",<' \vi"s(iit/i; iiiitl huiiI liiii|j. Wi- iiii;;lil , llnii, iiillirr (o li!i\i' mlrnt'il llitil il «iih ice ItlncKctI nii Ilit' wcmIimm nidc ol' Mel- mII(< SimimiI IIiiim mil ; iiMil il wiis mil' tliilv lo Iimvc IhIIhwimI " in Ihr /< r.nniKl ri'lViiiM rruiii lliiiiKinu; bill lli:it llicrr w.'is siiinc ti'iilli :il I lie lintlum III' il ; lull mi!|;lil iiul I licsi' I wii liniils liiivc ln'cii cinlriiv I'liriii!;; Ill I'c.icli llic iM;iclv(Mi/-ii' rruiii IMrlvilic Suimd V llic Kii-paK, to wliirli nmsl ol' ll\(> rcpni'ls I'd'cr, was hii|i|iiisc(1 Ii\ ( 'niiimaiitlt'r iMunrc. and iihii/ /'i\ ouc ol' llic wcslcni lu'Miii'lirs ol' llic MafKcnzic. 'I'lio Adiiii- rallv liaxinj;; dci'liiu'd I .ii'ult'iianl Piin's pfoposai. i,ady I'l'aMKIiii, iinpi'i'ssi'd with llio liopc of olilaiiiinsj sal ist'arlorv iiil('lli!',i'iu'(', ad- vniu'cd C."i«UV I'lic plan was Hiilimillcd lo llio Ko\al (icot^rapliical Sot'ii'lx al its lifsl nu'cliu!;'. isril. 'I'lic main olijrcls llicro nr^rd wcro noarh llio same, luil il was now said llic plans //nif hml /urn (III till III, V lulopli'il I'or tlir ;•(//(/' of tin' Fi'diihliii F.xprililhui icrrr luisr,! siippiKii/ioii flint till' I'rrhiiS! iiiul Trrror Innl Jiiili iiKsti/ t<> tin' iitirtli hi/ llir H't lliihfti'n ChniiiKl. a ratlicr dill'crcnt line ol" ari;imicnt lo llial lowcvcr. liaxini;' now laKcii ni'i;cd ni his projiosal to the Adimrallv. I'ranKlin up the Wclliiiijtou ("lianncl. in dd'anll ol" all c\idcncc lo prove it. it was then said tlic\ would liiid the northern ocean coiiipa- i'ati\el\ tree from ice. :ind e.asy lo penetrate to the west ward ; th,i< Franklin's ^rcjitest dilllcvilty wonhl oceiir in ondeavonrinf; lo i;cl south to Hi'lu'iui;'s Strait, arisiui;- TroiH ii'c-hound isln'uls. slio.als, Ac; luMvould. llierel"ore. persevere to p't lo the west ward. and. it" possihlc. to the Asi.atii' shores; the dilliculty ol' i^icttiiiLi' east ward a^ain aloiuj; llu'se shores, as proved In thi- e;irly l\nssi;ni discmerers. was also '(' is the hypothi'tit'al portion ol" our paper ol" iS.'iO seri(Mis!\ projioscil l"(ir pnictical :idoplion (set* aiiti\ p. l(ilV 'The | was wi'll reciMved In that Sot'ietx. and Sir l\. I. Murchison, the I'n sideul. wroti> lo the ImptM'ial authorities, but "' o\\ the eomlition tl llu' I'AjH'ditiou should In* arranged ami exceuletl b\ the Kussian (io- venuuent." Tin* plan was alsi> approved In the b'ii'st Minister ot' llOtlCi'd lei )lan lat the (^rowu. Lord John l^u^ ,ho urauteil a sum in aid. It wa;- t-u ppoi'loil, \oo, by the iSocrctary iov Foreign All'airs, Lt)rd I'almei'sL on. rn'ilr(| In St.. I'lli TmImicj^. lie rrcrivcd iimiKcd nl Itiit.inii IVdiii llic ('(Mirl ninl llii- I iii|Mriiil (Jt'Mi;rii- jiliinil Sitrirt y, iiMil rvni liiiil nil iiihrvicvv witli lli)> l')iii|ii'i'iii' ; liiil " ( 111' n'|MirlH nl' I lie |{iiMsi;iii mil Imril icM . . . vvcii- iiiUirHi' In llir riiliTpriHi'. 'riicy rcprcwMil-i'il lliiil, in nrilrr In nmlilr InivcllrfH, I'lir- iiiMJicil willi iiisl riMiiciilH iiinl iiil('i'|iri'lcr,'^, (n Inivirsn llic iillrii- Silicriiiii ('nil III ry nl' I lie 'I'rliiiKli'lii, |>rt'\ iniiK iirnint^'niiriits of (i^'lilcrii liiniilliH wniilil lie i'r(|iiii'('i| In fissrinlilr llic iicrc.ssiiry <|illllll it.y nl'dni^'H iinil Hlcd^i'H ! iiiid Hull, IIS llic I'nniirr r",\|i<'dil imi ( VVniii^firH) liiid, liy willidriiwiii',' llir iisr nl' iiuiiiy nl' llirst' niiitiiiilH, |ii'ndii('i'd rnhil diM('!iM(>M iiiiinii!; I lie unlives, mid n /.jrcnl. iiini'liilily, hiicIi mi rvlrnni'di- iinry t'll'nrl, niii^lil, iml. In lie rnicwcd willimil. nmlivcH nl" nvcrulicliiiiii^ iirt'CHHily- . . . Ill HlinrI,, liciiii^ iiirnriiit'd llinl, Hiicli nil l'],\|MMlil inn cniild iinl. lie pill ill innlinii liri'nrc Mnrrli, jSn;}, mid liriii^' nwiirr nl' llir rcspniiHibililicH wliicli Micy wniild lie In! iiilii, vvIicIImt ns respected (licir rclnlinji In lli(> iinlivc Irilii-H, or tlic yniiii^ liriliHli oH'ircr, ulinMC lili', Ilit'V lliniifjjiil, wniild br iisclcssly perilled, I lie liiiperiid (inveni- iiieiildecliiied In en-npernl.(> in llie pi-njeel ; nl. Hie Hmiin lime, lliey f^ave l/ieiileiinnl I'iiii periiiis'-;inii In lrii\el in nny direelinn iii' plensed Mirniif^li Silierin," * — wliieli pennissinii, \\i\ iimsl, wny, uillmiil, Ihe Miippni'l nl' Hie Itiiperinl ( in\eniiiii'nl, miiniiiiled .'dtiinst In a iie^!ili\('. The selieiiie wns nitmidniied, niid Mr. I'iiii relumed In l']iii,d;iiid. Still it, \h ImiI. jus|.ie(> In mid, mid we linve imieli ple;isiire in nddiiii,' it, Hiiil. I lie I'liiipernr nl' UiiSHin, I'eeliiiLi; a mi/ interest I'nr niir eejelirnted iiiivi- fi[a'(tr and liis ludd cniniiniiinns, <,'nve ni-ders, Hirnii^li IIh; MiMJ.st.er.s nl' Marine mid Hie Interior, I'nr a enrel'iil invest i;^nl inn nl' Hie nnrtlierii j'oasls nl" Asiji.t 5Hi Ot'tnlier, lsr»|.;{: Cnnsidernhle senHalinii was prndiieed at, this time hy ihe I'nll nl" a Sliiall liaHnnli :il. Wnnt.lnii ljnd;,'e, neardlnil- cesltM', to tht> ear nl' whieii a card was atlached, on which was written Hio I'dIIow inij; in.sfripliou : — |l' lS.-.(» \\\c plan Itie I'lv- lon that Ian Cii'- listtM- ol' 11 was • See iSir i?.. I. Miiri'liiMoiiV AnniviTsnry Address, " Jtoyiil (li'fii,'ni|iliiciil Hofioly'H .Touniiil," Miiv, 1H.")2, vol. xxii. j). l.xxiv. Scr iilso, "'riic iV-dcstviMii Journey (liroiiKli itussiu 1111(1 Milieriim 'J'lirliiry," liy ("uptjiiii .1. J), ('(lelifiine, I{.N., JS2()-:i2. Ho wns Ilie fiiie.sl. Ill' llu" ecleliniled lidroii \\'i'(iiiL,'ell, iil timl. I inn' eiii,'ii^'ed in the survey d (lie enasls of Silicriii iiiid llie isliiiiils sidi.iled in Ok' .Arelie Oeeiiii ; and «ee Wi'Miif^ell's " Siberiii mid I'ohir Se.'i," li\- ('(pjunel Saliiiic, K.A. + See iilue llook, " Arelie l'",\|iedili(in, iH.'ili, Furl her ( 'orresiiondeiice," p. ;'S. J See liio Marniin/ Cfirmiic/v oi'the lllli ami I7tli October, Ibol. 220 IM,\NS or SKAIICII I'OR NIH JOHN I'll A N K 1,1 V. i». W i M n " /Crrhim, 11::" AVcsl. lon^'iludt', 70" Norlli latitude. ScptcmluT Mnl. I Sol. Hl.u-Uf.i in." I'Acrv iii(|iiirv was iiirttitntcMl by tlic Admirally ou llic spol. and all tlial ctiuld l>t' ^allicrcd was Mit- tact thai a balloon really liad I'allen, uitli its appendant inseription ; but iih no balloons were supplied to Sir John i'^raidilin, tl\t> exeiten\(>nt HO(»n Hubsided. Ol'llie conduct of the party wlio would tluis trifle with tlie feelings of tlie distressed relativ«'s at lionie tliere cannot bi- but one opinion, lie was a heart- less miscreant. It is worth wliile hev(> to record the opinion of that most imlel'ati- arch by the ."Maujnctic I'ole and Hack's Hiver. he says: " It is very proper those parts shoidd be examined, but I have very litthM'xpec- tation that any traces of those looked lor will be found in that and on the east by loiii^Mtnde 101° West, and bc'twcen lati- tud(> 71"' and 71'' North, tlu> most likely |)laee for Sir John l-'ranklin's |)arty to be heard of will be at 31elville Island, or in the neij;hbour- hood of some other of the Parry fj;roup." Dr. Kae was, at tlu> tiii\e he wrote, unaware of the results of C"a|)tain Onunaney's researches in a south-west direction, or M't'lintocU's to Melville Island ; but that would not materially atVei't his conclnsion as to the |)arlicular space within which we oui:;ht ])rimarily to look for the Franklin Expedition. The abs(MU'e of all traces in either direction more than conlirnied the necessity for a riij;id search in the space indicated by Dr. Hao. In October, iSol, intelli;;enco xvas received of tho satb arrival at New York of the (Jrinnell Expedition ; the Atlvmicc, under Eien- lenant I)e Haven, on the iJOth September, and the Jirsriic, iuul(>r iMr. S. P. (irillln, on the 7th October, 1S5I. Lieutenant J)e llavt-n and his gallant followers had landeil at Toint liiley, inuiiediately after the discovery of the traeea there by Captain E. Onniianey ; they had also, in company with Captain IViuiy, examined J3eechey Island; had visited the sad memorials recordinj:; the deaths of three of the crews of Franklin's ill-fated Expedition ; and seen the various other remains canvass, ropes, &e. " From all these ijidications," says liieutenant De Jlaveu (iu his despatch, dated -Ith October, lS51),t "the infer- * Soo Times, October 13th, 1851. t Bliio Books, " Art'lJc Expedition, 1852," p. 188. Ill; II UN (»!• AMKUICAN F.M*KI»ITin\. liL'l (lition. n>cl the •ival at • liicu- Um- Mr. CM ami Tier the ley liacl jd; bad crews 'mains [iteiiaiit iul'er- nice cdiilil not tail in Itc arrivi'il at Unit Mie l''.rrliii.s ami Tcnur liail made tliis IJicir tii'sl winlcr (|iiarlt'rs alter Iciivin;^ l')iit:;land. I']\irs tliiii;^'. 1(1(1, went to |ii'robably found Ids way, but directed \\\v to search for traces of his I'^.xpedition in the very channel at the en( ranee of which, it is now ascertained, he had ])assed his lirst winter." lie concludes, therefore, "the direclion in which sean-h with most chances of success is now to be iiiade . . . is, no doubt, in tlu; direction which is so clearly |)oiM(ed out in my Instructions;" by which he means, by (lie way of the Wellin!j;ton ("haiinel and the opi'ii water leadinjf to the noi-th-wcst. "All tbroiiyh ()ct(d»er and November (he says) we were drifted ^>* and fro by the chan<,'in^ AvimI, but never ])assed out of W'elliiij^- ton ("bannel. . . . On the; 1st of Deceird)er the wi'at her cleared oH'," and they got a glimpse of tlu" land; Ihey "appeared (o be oil" Gascoigne Jnlet. . . . AV(! were now clear ol' Wellington Ciian- nel, and in the fairway of Jiaucaster Sound." iJlst December they drifted out of Lanca.stcr Sound into Badln's May, and coidiiuied to do so until to the southward of Cape Walsingham, when they werci released from their perilous position, (Jtb June, 1K51, after drifting the e.vtraordinary distance of 1,050 miles.* It is impossible to read I! A further illustmlioii of the force iiiid (Urection of tlii!^ extraordiiuirv cmTent 222 PLAJfS or SRATJCU FOR SfU JOHN' FK.WKT.TX. \l V!' rh tlio account of lliiw fearful vova^o,* without fecliupf di'i-jdy liow much thi'v sufl'eroU.; wliat anxiety they underwent during tliis protracted oWinter, now imbedded in the Ihie, (h-iftini,' hel|)U'ssly -thi'U set tree l)^' the disruption of the ice iu all directions, agitated and crashing 9i\ around them, leaving not a moment with tho sense of security — eaiitting hours, days, and ueeks of terrible suspense, but borne with a fortitude and a courage which danger could not disHuny ; — and all thw( in tlic cause of humanity. We ought to be, we are, grateful to our generous .Viaericau kinsmen; and, above all, thankful to lliui that supjiorted ijud preserved them iu the tune of danger and ditli- cultv, and in the end restored them in health to their generous-hearted cbn'Wtrymen. Tiie Ailcttnco and liescue released from their icy fetters, liiouteuant Do llavt'ii attempted to return to the searching ground, and hitU succeeded in reaching L'p|)er ALelville JJay, wiien, ultimately arrc»8ted by the ice, he was . . mpelled to return — " with sad lu'arts (says Lieutenant J)o Haven) that our labours had served to throw so "little lijiitht upon the object of our search." November 10th, 1851. — Intelligence was received at the Admiralty, thwugh the Hudscm's Bay Company, from Dr. liac. It will be recollected that it was intended that Dr. Kae shoukl, in the summer of ISoO, exphjre the supposed passage between AVoUaston and Vic- tori* Lands, and on to Jiauks' Land ; but the Admiralty having or- dered ii boat expedition, under Commander I'uUen and Lieutenant Hooper, down the Mackenzie, aiul thence to Cape Bathurst, to exa- mine the space between it and Banks' Land, and there being an instdlicienc^ of provisions for both Expeditions, to Connnander PuUen was given tlie preference. Dr. Eac, therefore, deferred his examina- tion of VV ollastim Land, &e., until this summer, 1851. The intelli- gence now^ received from that enterprising traveller, dated Kendall Kifer, 10th June, 185 l,t showed how worthy he was of the trust I'eposed iu him. Descending the Coppex-mine, and crossing Dolphiu may be seen in the drift of II. M.S. Resulu/e, Captain Kcllctt. Sco also a paper ." On the Probable Conrso pursued by Sir John FrankHn's Expedition," by A. G. Findlay, Esq., F.R.G.S., " Royal Geograpliieal Society's Journal, 1856," vol. xxvi., * Sw the " U.S. Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin," by Elishii • Kent Kane, M.D., U.S.X. This en^iTiivising, talented gentleman afterwards made ;* second atU'uipt to search by way of Snulh's Sound, in 1853-4-5, and died soon after his return ; nuiel* esteemed while livinj;, and universally lamented in his death. 3 t Rlue Books, ".U-otie Expedition, 1852, Farther Correspondence," «fcc., pi". 18— 2Z. LTEVT. IIOOI'EU S PLAN. .uteiuvut o exii- nv^ an Pullcu imiiKi- inti'Ui- vcmlall trust olphiu a papci- by A. a. rol. xxvi., by E\\ih-\ rds made Ueil soon lis di'atli. 223 nml Union Straits to Wollaston Land, ho explored, between tlio 5tli and the ;iOtli of .May, "the shores of Wollastou eastward to 110° West, and westward 1o 117" 17' West. At his western limit tliere was the appearance of a strait running to the eastward, which want of tinu» for the interests of his sununer voyage wouhl not allow him to deeide. Though in the south-west traek from Capo Walker, should Franklin have succeeded in gt'ttiug in Ihat diroetion, yet no traces of that Expedition were found. The various Es(piimanx par- ties met with are described as a good, harmless, friendly peoj)lo. The J(»urnal of this journey contains many excellent observations, and is worth reading. It shows what may be done by mauagemtiut> energy, and a hearty good will. Lieut. W. 11. Hooper, Xovember 15th, 1S51, sent to the Admi- ralty a plan of search, of which the following is the essence.* Alluding to the traces at IJeechey Island distinctly proving the win- tering-plaee of the Erebus aiul Terror in 1815, he says: — '" lieyond that period doubt and conjecture assume the place of ortainty," con- seijuently opinions are divided into two parties, which may bi' desig- nated " the despairing " and " the sanguine. . . Those who belong to the first . . allege that Sir John Franklin must have been sudilenly forced from his winter (piarters (in the spring of ISK}), ou the breaking up of the ice, . . which poured down Wellington Channel ; and carried down through Barrow's and Davis's Straits, when both ships must have been crushed, . . and all haiuls perished. . . lie could iiot," say tlioy, " have gone through the channel to the south-west, since . . it was blocked up with old ice, lUH' . . up Wellington Channel, . . without leaving at his winter quarters a notification of his . . intended de})arture antl proceedings. . . The sanguine ])arty, those who consider, that while there is uncertainty there should be hope, advance views eipially rational and supported by apparent jirobability. The absence of in- formation respecting his intended future is as great a plea ion as AGAINST his having proceeded northward, since, while on the one hand a sudden disruption of the ice may have carried him without warning from his position, the same occurrence may, on the other, have opened up a clear channel; to neglect which chance, all conver- sant with the sudden and inconstant nu)tions of ice would, I believe, pronoinice to be impuulent, since so fortunate a circumstance might not speedily recui. . . Even supposing the ships were driven * Blue Book, " Arctie Expedition, 1852, Furtlier Corresfpondiiur," p. U'J. '■!.r ' ■;■ i \li • , i' ,1- ti 221 PLANS (11' SK.MICir I'OU SIU .lOllN I'UANKT.IV. down Davis's Siraii, docs it ix't seem iiiiprolmbic that l)oth wen* cnislu'd at tlu> same insiant, irif/huf our /lariiif/ time to ri'inlc or jnr. part' for titr J'titr of thv otlivr ^ and even liad siicli Ix'cii tlic case, is it not ('(|nally stranijc that not tlio slir, not tlio slij;li(.cst v(>stiii;(> of ships, of gear, or of nion, has over been found in those schh ? It is ass(>rl('(l that the passage to the soutli-west is impractieahh', l)eea\ise hhu'Ued np hy iee of several years' formation, but is tliei't> proof that this iee has uot formed, or even drifted Uierc; at a period snbse(pient to that at wliieh l''ranklin may have entered it r There appeal's, therefore, to be now only two roiiles by which to soaroh for lln* lost ships — by the AVellin<;ton Strait, and thenoe westward in a hi!:;h parall(>l ; or lo Ihe south of (he Parry Islands, between them and IJanks' Land, or between Hanks' and Wolhiston liands. \ow that the Kiitrrprhv and luvextujator have entered the ice from the westward, also to entirely set at rest any linj^ering uncertainty which may exist respect iny; the possibility of the bidloon (found at (iloueester)* haviufj; come from the Erebus, it may be considered . . advisable to des- ])ateh an expedition overland to the southward of the I'arry Islands, whih> others, by sea, proceed northwards throufj;h the straits of Wel- lington." Kor the former he volunteers his services, and proposes as follows :- " To proceed to Fort Churchill in Hudson's Bay, and thence to the north-east extreme of Great ]?oar Lake; . . descend the (\)p]i('rmine," and '* procecul to the eastward, through Dease's Strait to Victoria hand, and following the eastt>rn shore of that land from Cape Colborne (the last known point), endeavour, striking north, to reach Lieut. Sherard (^sborn's farthest in lat. 7l°52' X., long. 103° W.; . visit the position named by the balloon, and thence make lor Manks' Land. . . The route from Hanks' Laiul W(>uld be north- ward, towards iNLdville Island, from tlu> western point of which 1 should endeavour to push westward iu the ho[)e of meeting one of Franklin's or Collinson's ships ; . . the latter event being desir- able — Hrst, to learn the si):iv'e that may have been searched, and so to tix upon another line of iuipiiry ; and secondly, to ascertain that their safety is assured, and powers unshackled. . . INI y route " would lie to the eastward of where Dr. Hae has goiu^, and is a point of search not yet provided for; it would connect Lieut. Osborii's farthest with the land known as Hanks' Land, which it will doubtless be found to join (:). This plan, it will be observed, opens with the assertion, *' Doubt and conjecture have assunu>d the place of certainty." True, • See ante, p. liH'. !.!l !■, I' "wn Striiit tVom •ill, to i°W.; ik(> lor iiorili- lioli 1 one of ilt'si I'- ll yo to \{ tl\i'it' would scari'h t*t Willi unci to 501'lioil, 'rru.', TJIMTKNANT llOOlT.lt. 22;") lli(\v liavo ; and \ri. as LiiMil. Ilooix'r adds, '•'wliilo licir is Uiiccr- (aiiity tlicrc slioidd be Iiopc." iiiil I lie despairing know not of hope ; tliey njecl. Iier, and eiidjrace all Ww possibilities of disaster to tbe iiiissiiiL,' sbips as eertain. I'iVery llyin<:; rwiiiour, or report, tliev re(;eiv!! as true rattier tliaii look to tin; more i-ciisonabb? eoiijeetiin! tliat tliey may be sale. I5iit we bave not foniid tbeiii wliy ? Inasmiicb as we bave not soiiL,dit tbeiii (or only partially) in tbe direction in wliieli we sent tlieni. Mr. Hooper perin'l mites tbe idea tbat l''ranklin may ba\e i^one up W'ellini^don Cbannel. Ai'ler tbe seareli tbat bad just been made, we tliink Ibis an error. Tbe absence ol' traces is |)root' be did not eonlirmed by tlu^ non-existence of despatcbes at IJeei-bey Island. Tbe I'cason, if a reason can be assi^jjiied in tbe absence of facts, for bis not leaviiiLi; any notice of bis fntni-e iiilentions tlure, is, be bad not. ic/tni llicrr, rc((clifil t lie J! ml point of /lis ///.sfriK/ioiifi — (^iij)/- ll'iilkcr ; 1111(1 oit I' iiol Junliiii/ fliciii ol Ciijic Walker ix prcoj' IIkiI lie caiilil nnl rriirli it, htit /.v no rcidnu'c tlntt he n liiritnt and osccndril the WclHiii/ton Clniniicl ; he no doiilit prr.^ercrcd to the irrsi nuird. Tb(> route Lient. Hooper proposes for bimself to reacb ("ape Colborno is, we tbink, ralber circnitons ; we should bave tbou:;lit it would liavo 1)(>en more readily reacbed by WaL,'er liivcr or Hepnlse Hay, or bv an expedition down J'riuci; J{ejj;ent's Inlet: once at Cape C'olboriK! tlio space proposed to li(» searched to the norlb-west and on to I'anks' Jjaiid is ji;o()d. We fear, as a whole, tbis plan is too extended to be practicable. One tbiiitf is clearly shown liy it, — the author iinderstaiids the intent (d' I'ranklin's Instructions. Lieut. Hooper proposes to carry out Id jilan witli a crew com|)osed entirely of lOsipiimaux ; as "they would pick up means of subsistence wiiere white men would ])erisli, and ridisb food wliicb wb.iti's would view witb disujust ; they are inured t.o the ri;i;our of the climate, and exjiert in all necessary iiiano'iivn's for ^ainiiiij; shelter and warmth wlien^ fire cannot bo ob- tained. Tlieir (>xperieiicc would more easily discover any, theslij^ditest siu;ns of recent visitors, wliether on ic(; or land, and they would lie less likely to be imdested by their brethren of tbe northern roast." Tins idea, of employing Hsiiuiniaux, is novel, and, W(> should say, it is necessary to discontinue them." But this gt'iitleinen had been much among those people, was with Commandor JNToore in i\\v Plovci', and IV I 220 l'T,ANH or SKAKCH TOU SIK .lOIITf I'HAXKIjy. tt| 1) vitli PiilliMi oil liis two Iio;il (";|)('(lilions ; in nIiorl. liiid boon on^n^cd luvu'ly lour years in ilio sciii'diiii;^ cxpoditioiis, lind scon mid Icai'iird iiuicli, and liad profiled and i;!;'nod a hw'^v (v\p('ri('nc(\ lie was aild- pi'tluM- a taUMil(>d olliccr. liOokintlj over our Anlic nolcs, wo lind in a loiter addressed to a lady, whose name lias now lu'conie a luinseliold word, llu> lollowinji; passage; tlie dale November IStli, IS.')] : "j lorliear to eiil-er on llio jirohaMe causes wliieli have (in my poor opinion) resulted in llie 2)roloni;ed detent ion o{' your ;j;allant iuisliand and his devoted loilowers. I shall only say, I l)eliev(> the l'A|)edition to he sate, and that, he has endeavoured to carry out" his Instriietions. llenee I ret;r(>t- that greater west inn; has not heeii ujained hy the searehiiiij; evpiMlitions ; for, notwithstanding the (wtraordinary (>\(>rlions of I h(> various parties (letaehed iVoiii the Ansliii lOxpedilion, I still think, where all is one monotonous white, cairus ami traces to desjiatches might iiavo escaped the most scrutinizing sight. ThtM'c is not a doubt but tiiatdespatciies have been left by Sir .John i'ranklin, at some known place, previous io departure for the unknown. I do iinf lliiiih' Ihr Fruii/rh'n /t'jyxv//- //(»;/ passfif //iroiti/h W^rUiiir/foii Clinniiel, but that it followed the Admiralty Instructions, and when it was not |)racticabh> between the south and west, it pursued a westerly and northerly course." My this note it will be seen, wo were of o])inioii that Franklin, though shut out from Cape Walker, would persist to the westward; and if prev(Mited from making southing until lu> had reached the meridian of Alelville Island, ho would then attempt a passage between tiio more westerly of the Parry Islands by the north and west. Dr. li. jM'Corinick, 'J7tli \ovembi>r, ISol,* again renewed bis oiler of service to the Admiralty. After alluding to the inexplicabli! my.stery still hanging over the missing Expedition, he says, " Vet, strange enough, not ono of these l'iX|)editious have ex|)lored Smith's Sonnd ; although, next to AVellingtou Cliaiuiel, the most i)romisin<; and im- portant open intr to the Polar tu-e iUl. IMy own opinion has evei" been, that Sir .Tolin Franklin went up Wellington (Miaiuud, and . the surest way to find him would be, not only to follow on his track up that channel, and to the northward and westward of the Pany Group, but also to meet him in any retvograde moveinent he might be compcdled to make to the eastward, should his ships, in the attempt to get to the westward, be driven by the strong currents from the north-west to the meridian of the sounds at the northern ex- I' * Blue Boolis, "yVrctic Expedition, 1852, Further Correspondence, &r.," p. 137. ! ; i ^m^ Mit. .1. iioiiMi:, 2-27 .M-itliiin m tlu) m olVor o\iiul ; id im- lioii liiis v\, and oil ll'lH liu )l" tlio ■\\\ li'" in ilu' Ills tVoiH loru ox- InMiiity III' I^allin's Hay; a liy im incaiis iiiiprolialilr cvcmI, and niic I 1 Iiat slidulil ii()|: lie l(i>l si;^dil. (if. . . 1 1' Smil li's and .loiics's SimiikLs slioiilil |ii'()V(' lo hi- (i|Kiiin^s iiilo llic I'niai' ()c(an, as I lim;^ ai^o i j ant ici paled, llicy would oH'cr I lie rcadic,--! incaiis of f\il lo cil Iiit ships ' ' oi" lioats, willi t lie prospcci liclorc lliciii ot" lallini^ in w il li soiim' wlialcr." Dr. .M'CurmiiK thru refers lo his pre\i()iis plans (see ^////r), in which lie ad\()eal.ed the heareli l)\ the \\'elliiii;loii Chamiel, and says, '" In Ihese views I lielieve I at the limeslond alone. . . The j^reiierally received o|)inion liaviie^ hceii I hat Sir.lohn I'Taiiklin's shi|)s had liceii ari-esled in the ice to the southward and westward of Cape Walker, or Melville Island. . The results of the late searehin;^^ parlies lia\c howevei" proved, heyoiid a doubt;, the correct ness of my views (r j, even io the lindini^f til" I races at ( 'ape Uiley and I5eechey Island. Tlic Arctic Council have reconiiiicnded that the I'litin-e search shall lie exclusively conlined to the Wellini^ton Channel. . I'nder these circiiiiistances I most willin;.;ly volunteer . . to ^n out in any of the vessels to \Velliui;toii Channel, I here to commence tlus search in tlu' reverse onler, I'onnd CajicSir Jolni FrinikJin^ northward or eastward as the land may trend; . . ex[)l()i'inL!; . . in th(^ diroclion of Smith's and Jones's Sounds for any corresponding' opeii- iiii^s to the I'olar Sea." This excelliMd ly-drawii document emhraces several important observations, not only on ilio animal life;, Init valuable! su to tlu; Doctor's head and heart. The; whole view, e.xceptin;^ as regards Smith's Sound, is consistent for retreating;; ])arties. li" (as the Doctor believes) Sir John l''ranl\lin rciilly did adopt the \Velliiii,d,o]i Channel rotde, wbieli we most stron;^ly doubt, the recent ri<;id searcli oil'ored not tlu; slij^hte.st tnice that the Jvxpe- dition liad been there. A^ain, l^'ankliii would never leave the known for tlio uiiluiown \vit,liont leaving; a record iiiforminjf us of his reasons I'or al)andoninr and the south-west) at Hi-echey Island. Lastly^ the route by Cape Walker oirered every jirospect of successful termina- tion, while that by the W'ellinji;ton Channel was unknown, and, liow- ever "fair" it miirht look, led to no one knew where. Viv. J. Hoome, .November lisih, iSol,* in a lettir to the .\dmiralt\% says, '' Jn ISlo, bi'injj; en vessel "the packed ice as far to the west as Herald's Land," and " //// that meaps decide the quenlion of a i jufinuifi/ of hind across the meri- dian of Behring's Strait.'" The discovery of laud to the north of Behring's Strait had led to the idea, that Franklin, having succeeded in attaining large westing in a high latitude, might, in his endeavours to get to the southward, be arrested by this land ; th(? object here" sought was to ascertain its eontiuuity across the northern end of Behring's Strait. Long absence, and the numerous reports of a shi|) * tftie BlucBook:*, "ArcticExpedition, 1852, FurtluTCorrpspondciice,"&c., p.! ('.p. •m^ (.'OM.MANDI'll i'lI.M'.y. 1120 10 ill tin- and " /','/ he mrvi- 1 11 or llU'OCCHll'U Idoavoui's t lieri' 11(1 of ICC In e )f a ship \kc., 1- in tlio oiliMi?, of boats mid of white men oil" the nortliorn coasts, all ackli'd to the importance and necessity for sucli an exiiiiiination. Coniiiiander i'lillen, already noticed as liaving been employed in the search, again (December 8tli, 18ol)* otlered his services and plan, lie pro|)oses to explore the coast of Arctic America, from Point iiarrow eastward as far as WoUaston Land, with a small steamer. Various observations follow, the object of which is to show that i\ passage exists to the northward, between llerschel Island and Eeturii lleef; ho then says, "To get to the northward is the grand object to accoinplish, for it is there we must look for our missing countrymen." lie adds, " I do not think a doubt can exist of their having gone through the AV'ellington (-"liannel ; and as the distance between it and Behring's Strait is not very great, they may have pushed on, and be now checked so far from the former, that their hope of getting back is not so great as getting forward, and they may, ev.a now, be in the vicinity of that goal which they have so long striven to attain." llo coiitiiiues : — " I think there is another part which might be examined, namely, the land Capt. Kellett discovered, . . by which an ex- 1 loring ])arty might get to the northward of the ice, and into what is called the Polar ba.sin, and supposed to be an open sea." AVe wish we could coincide with these Wellington Channel advocates without the sacriliee of our own views. This paper, well meant, no doubt, but always conjectural, will take franklin to the north, by the Welling- ton Channel, without a particle of proof to show tliat he ever attempted the northern route at all. reiiny's recent search should have abated this AVellington Channel furor. Commander Pullen shows here that he, too, has a glimjise of a Polar Sea : we think he would have done better service in exploring the sounds running eastward between AVollastou and Banks' liauds, and extending the search by travelling parties to the north-east, as Capt. Austin had done to tlio south-west (but not far enough), than wasting his energies on tho problematical north ; for, notwithstanding all that has been written and said, it was wholly founded upon mere conjecture. Ir'ranldin's pri-di- leetions were not with the nor/h, in face of his Instructions, hat were with the south, the completion of the ^Inierican coast-line.f December '2()tli, ISol,^ despatches were received from the Behring's Strait Expedition, dated Port Clarence, from Capt. CoUiiison, * SooBliioBooks, "Arctii'Kx])L'(lit ion, 1852," Fiii'tlitn-CorrcspoiuUntOjite., p. 110. t See "Journal ol'tlie Roynl Geographical Society, 183(), part i., p. 13. X Blue Books, " Arctic Expedition, 1852, Further CoiTcspomlcncc," pp. 73 — Ul, ct 200—215. i!i'i 1 ;.» ■■ 230 IM.VNS 01 sr.vijL'ii roil siit .khin ritANKi.ix. 'M of II.^I.S. Kiitfrpn'sr, July Otli, IS;')! ; iVoiii ('oiiiinaiulrr Mooro, oI'IIk* J'hi'cr, April 'M)\\\, is.") I ; iind iVoiu Cii|)t. WclU'islcy, of the JJadahis, October 27tli, IS.')], j^iviiii; tlicir procrcdiii^s, aiul ciiclosinii; eoi'i'i-- spoiidiMifefrom tluMli'liK-lKul partii's iiiulci' Lifiits, IJariiiird andCoopcr, ]\lr. Adiuna, iiHsistaut-siir;;i'()ii, Ac. It will he rememhered that liicut. ]}afnard had l)eeii left by ('apt, ('(illiiisoii a1 .MichaclowsUi, with tht; view of ascertaiiiiiijj; the truth or falsity of informatiou y were in ^ri'at distress, t^c, and also to ascer- tain whether a coiinminication is maintained with the Polar Sea, so that the white men said to have been seen on its shores ini<,dit bo relieved. Lient. narnurd's first object was to reach the Jiiissian fort of Darabin, the northern ])ost on the Jvoepak, and there wait the arrival of the same party of the Indians from whoni the first report ■was obtained. Prior to li'a\inj^ jMichaelowski the Jtiissian chief t)f Darabin broii1. The Expedition was thus dt>prived of a most valu- able ollicer, and Knssia of a humble but good subject, C'apt. jNIoore, it seems, being anxious to ascertain if any intelligence had been elicited from the northern natives, di'termined to send a small party to Mi- chaelowski; they started February 1st, iSol, mider Lieut, Coojjcr, ..ple referred to may possibly have formed a part of the crews of the missin<^ Kx])edition." JNIr. .\daiiis, in his very clear report to C'apt. Colliiison, July 10th, 1851, on his return from IJarabin via IMichaelowski, to his ship at Port C'lari'iice, ways, " After weiifhinijf well all the reports relative to white men haviiii; been seen in the interior, I am of opinion that they all have their origin in the presence of the JEudson's JJay [larty on tho C'olville Jiiver. . . The Indians to the eastward of Darabin are mi- gratory, are a bad set, and light much with tribes whi trade with tho J{ussiana. These and other reasons lead mo to believe that no party from the missing Expedition can he in the interior of Kussian America." The JCnlcrprtKe, Captain Ctillinson, sailed from Port Clarence on .Inly lUlli, ISol, for the north, in obedience to Instructions. As nothing had been heard other since her departure up to October Ist, IS' 1, when iha Daihthis left Port Clarence, it was concludiid that Captain Colliuson had succeedi'd iu rounding Point Barrow, and was on Ilia way to the north-eastward. The year ISol closed, a year replete with matter of great Arctic interest. Extensive cx[)lorati()ns had been made, beyond any that had ever been attempted before, and they had bcH'u carried out with an enei'gy and determination conniianding all praise. Impoi'tant addi- tions to science and to geography had accrued. The liivst wintering quarters of the I'raidvlin Expedition had been diseo'icred, but, regarding the cour.so the Ex[)edition had taken after it left lieechey Island, every ellbrt had failed to ascertain. How are we to account for this want of success? — and England, too. tlu; nation of sailors! This question naturally induces aiidther ; -Have we sought our missing countrymen in the right direction ? Let us inquire. The directions which the si'arching ex|)editions have taken have been — the IV el Hi) () I on Chaniii'l, Cape Walker, the sonth-irest in imrt, and west to 2ielcille MaaJ. AV'e will take the AVelliugtou Channel first. '2'.V2 I'l.AS.S Of .Si;\l((ll roi! sill .lOlIN' niANKI.I.V. * t * I'poii wimt i^n'oimds lins llic soarcli liy tlic \V'i'lliii;,'t,iiii Cliiiiiiicl been made? all tlic I'mcIs Iviuiwii j;o to prove (uh wi' liavt- sliown) that Frntikliii novt-r adopted that route. The ladiire, then, to discover li'Mces ol" him lip tiial channel, iiotwithwtandiiif^ the rigoroiin search that has been made, is no more than niii^ht have been expected. Wo will now take Cape Wallver and the south-west, and the search l)\- the Parry Islands and Melv',ll(> Island, 'i'he I'ormer of these direc- tions is in complete accordance with the original object of the voya}j;e, and the orders given to Franicliii ; and the latter subsidiary to it, in case of lii.s not being able to get to tho south-west. Here wo are (in the abs<>nce of all facts to the contrary) on the most ])robabIe, if nof sure ground; — still the search in both these directions has failed. Taking the .south-west, tho-igb failing in finding traces of the missing Expedition at Cape Walker, and along the coasts to the southward and westward, still, the vci'y nature of the coast, and the sea adjoining, as far as they had been searched, allbrded abundant reason for not tinding any traces of him theiv ; they are, in short, impracticable for navigation. i\gain, the search in this direction extemled (Jiily to a part of tho area or space to which Franklin was ordered ; it was there- fore incomplete ; in fact, it could not be coini)leted with .]\o means and in the time (one season) devote d to it. AVe will now take the western divisions; neither the I'arry Islands nor ^lelville Island aH'oi'ded any proof that Franklin had visitiMl them; but the examina- tion of them assured us of one fact, that, if he had, we should have Jhintil cided to be the only channel by which he could have ])assed to the north ; and the south-west, which had only been partially examined, if. altogether rejected. How are we to account for this strange aher- ry ■ I I \>;\risr vermis iti; ;i i.rs. •j:t:l vm '!'\ tlio low thf hat w nave )ll'eriHl Is now totl 10 Miiiu'i ibcr- imIIoii oI' jiidLjiMriit r It (Mil oiil; Im- arniiiiiti'd t'nr in tlu' pi'i'i'oii- (•(■i\('(l iiiit idii-; in I'avmir nt" t lie ikuI li i^'ciicralls , and of 1 lie Wcllin^tuii I'lianiul In particniar. 'I'liis I'l'tdinL;. wliirli exi.sti'd iVuni tlii' lirwt, wa.s then conHncd to \\\v diiulitin^,' few. Init it now I'xtrndcd to the nn- Ihinkini,' many, and d('vcl(i|)i'(l ilsrlf nndi'i* its tinu' pliasc, of wliicli tlir \V('llin^4(iii Cliannil was nurdy I lie accessory. T!ic proldi'iii ot" a I'nlynia, oi- npcn water to the mn'tli of tlie I'arry fslaiuls, was tlio Icailini; fcelinij; ; and under its inlluence t lie sense of l''ranldiii's In- st ructions was inversed- the sicondary point was made tlie primary, and rice versa ; hut this feelinu;. h't it be understood, did not arisi? out of, oi' as a conse(|iiei:ce of, wliat we lioew of tlie movements of I'ranklin. We knew iiothiiiLC; it was, as we Iiave said, a iirecoiiceived notion, douhtfitlly expressi'd at Ih'st, 'nut now that tlio pi'riod had arrived when "doubt and conjecture" assumed "the place of cer- tainty," all re;'son was thrown aside. JSji this liasrlrnn prcpttssi'ssiaii ill Java in' (if I lie Wr/liiir^/oii ('Jiiiinirl iiiid llic iiihili. a Jict irii.\' /i/.ici'd iK/iiiiisl III! I'nrthci' scdi'cli to //ir ,s()ii//i-irrs/. 'I'lie Instructions, and the plan of the voyage, which had hitherto restrained erratic opinitins, beini,' now set aside, the inia!j;inatioii was let loose, the most visionary plans and the wildest of theories followed. Thi' probalile and the im|)robable met, and formed one iiicoii^riioiis niedhw ; how can wi' wonder, then, that the wlioh' should lie characteri/ed as '"so many lesser puz/des, as aihlitions to the ;;reat genj,;raphical puzzle of three centuries r" It was impossible to dlstlnifiiish truth from error ; 1)ut, nnhai)|)ily, tlie fate of I'ranklin, and his devoted, gallant followers, were involved in the solution of it. Various opinions have been given to account for the absence of records at Heechey Island. Some say the Expedition left the island in a hurry, and had not time to leave them; this after a whole winter spent there I Others, that he was I'otLirning home, and there was no necessity for leaving them. ( )tliers, again, think he left them on his outward course, but, on retreating, took them away, as being likely to lead his searchers into error; and so on, tid iiijliutnm. Miit, while wo regret that none have been found, ■we think in every case they ought to have been left, whether ad- vancing or retreating; and if none W(>re left then', we can only account for such apparent irregularity, that the Expedition was en roiiff, and I'l-anklin considered tlu'y would be tirst sought for at Caj)i' AValker. The year closed ; disappointment in its severest form jier- vaded all; dark t;loom and mute sorrow sat around tlu" hearths of Jhitaln. There was yet a ray of lu)])e. but it was too feeble to cheer. ]t played its evanescent tires, too, in a quarter already I'ejccted. II •j:il I', h. i'' If CIIAPTKU XI.* i'i:.v.\v AciAiv orri;u8 bkuvicks— osiioiin's im.an— hfu .roiiv iioss Ol IKliS — IIK.VTSDN'S I'LAN — IM.MAIIKS - IT, I 1) U M A N N "h 1'I,AN' - [IV.- AlAKKS — TWO IC'E-UOL'M) SlIII'S M1;i;N IIV " Ui;.NOVATU»N " — 1)11. iiAT.'s i)i.st()Vi;itii;s axd itKi.icH iii;miii:u \sd Kj;LLi:;Tr'.s i:\- I'JvUlTIOX — IN 8 rU I CI ION « —it i;.M A It IvS. 1S.'>2. — fJlooiiiily opoiic'd tlio new yctir iit liotiio. iXnxiotyniul Siis- j)('iis(', wofii with loiiLi; uatcliiiijj;, iitnv ('!iui,'lil iit even !Uir()ra-L;lt'inii. Avliotlirr iVoiu " Bcliriii;,''s mcks, or (jtrcriilimd'a iiiilu'il isles," jiiul iuvostcil it with till' promise of liappy result. Alas! " that suasivo liope hath but u nyreu tongue! " >Mr. IVuiiy, .Itiiuiary lOth, 1S5'2, again volunteered for tho seaveli ; and in urging the Aduiindty to be tqipointed "to eontiniie the explo- rtilioii of t^ueeu Vicltn'ia (.'haniiel," atiys : "As the Coinmitlee in their re[)ort have deduct'd from the cvidenee that the channtd discovered by MU' was the one which Sir John rrtmklin has probably taken. . . 1 do hope . . 1 have fairly earned luy title to conduct aiid con- tinue a search . . from which such results may luippily be antici- pated."* This offer was declined. " 'My Lords have no intention of employ- ing private piirtics in command of any Expedition that may be sent out by the Admiralty." We always looked on tho appointment of I'enny to a command nnder the Admiralty as an anomtdous position, alike unjjleasant to himself and the naval ollicers torndng the other part of the Expedi- tion. Still, that wiis no fault of liia, but the Admiralty's. AVe have ever looked on the (j round irJiir/i he iras to occpi/ in the ncarch as JtoJi/itH/ out no Jiopr for the ••rruvrri/ of the FrankHn lixjirditioii, vhcthcr hi/ W^clUiKjton Chaunct or Junct's or Smith'' s Sounds. The setn-ch in that quarter could lead to nothing bnt disappointment and ill-feeling ; but to Captain Penny and his active second. Captain Stewart, with their excellent officers and crews, the merit is due of the ex[)loration of the nortliern entrance of AVcllington Chaiuiel ; and Peiniv discovered the sea to tho westward, leading to the north of tho liluc Book, "Arctic Exj>cilitiuii, ISo-, Further CorrespoiKlciicf, lic," p. 101. i,ti:rTt:\ANT MuniiAiti) oHuottv. !!:{.' iniiiand mil to \pcili- c liavi' rch as ditioii, The at ami Captain of the and 1 I ;1 of the Tarry Islamls, in a norlli-wcsL tliri'ftioii, niid prohahly lu tho iijhii water of \Vranii;cll. lN'»J. Aliiiiit this time (not dated), Ident. (now ('apt.) Sherard ().>l)oni,* lately cuiniiiandini,' the I'lmiici', in ('apt. Austin's Hvpedi- tioii, Hnhniitli'd a " nieiniiramhini ('(Himi'U'd with llie renewed Hcan-h," lie f rt)ntes apjiears to ine an essential point in any future search." The memoranduin then pru- j)oses the eniploymenl of four sti-aiuers and two depoi ships, sledifes drawn hy do^'s, A;('. The arranijenu iits for placing; advanced depot vessels, and the examination ot' the coasts hetweeii hy sU-il^'e parties, ap|)ear (>xcellent and complete, but wi' have oidy to do with the direc- tion of their etl'orts, not the means employed. Arrived at lict'chey Island, Captain Oshorn pntposcs that the Expedition divide into two divisions: "The lirst to have the \\'i'lliny;tt)n Channel and norlh- Avest as its line of search ; . . . the second to have the Byam ]\rartin Chiomel and north-west for its line of search." lie thus (Disiiiiira llutt FrdiihUn has nlli'iiijihil a mirthvrn route. In searchinfj; for him ho adopts the \Vellin;:;ton Channel, and alscj the more wcstt^rn Byam INIartin Channel; so that in case of "a choke of ice " preventing advance to the Wellington Chainiel division, the other may ])o9sihly be free; or if, in roundinii; (Irillith Island, the i'yani INlartin division is arrested, the Wellin^rton Channel division may, by chance, be unimpeded ; in short, it was tlu' ado[)tion of the chances of two rentes instead of one ; so far, in pursuing him to the north it was reasonable, lint, in tlins assuminfj; Franklin adopted a route by the m)rtli, what proof have we? Not a vestige rewarded the extraordi- nary exertions of anv of the searchiu'' |)arties of either Austin's or of Penny's vessels. The I'arry Islands, or tlii' passagi's between them, yielded nolhiiiij;, not even ^Melville Island, and l''ranklin would assuredly have left a record tliert-. had he been in the nei^hboiirhdod AVellington Channel allbrdcd not a trace, or the islamls lu the north of it. After these negative proofs to the contrary, \\\\\ still cling to " p. loi. See Bluo Book, "Aivlic JC.\i)(.dilion, ISoIi, iMirthcrCuri ^pouUeuci', «ic.," p. Iu:i I I ■m li 2Q« I'l.AlfS OV SKAKCII r wft^ no reason to think he would not attempt to t/ct soiilli (oul vent, ' J((yl hc^t* ircNf, and to the cdsticard of Jiankfi' L(intl. Even sup- ])osinL,' him to have attempted Cope ll'dl/icr in ISlo, and failiiii^-. even in such a, case, he was most unlikely to have ;,dven up all hope in tlint quarti'r, on the thresliold, and turned tail, witli tlu- inti iitioii of taking advantage of the less hopeful ])rospeet i)resented bv the Wi'llington Ctinnnel. AVe iind it impossible to believe that Eraukliu attempted the north at all. Sit* John Koss, January 17th, 1S52,* repeated his olTer of service; to the Admiralty, "should their Lordships be desirous that the eflt^t coast of Malliu's Bay, north of Upernavik, and the inhabited ])art' of the wi'st coast should be examined forth.e missiiiij; ships." lie iPi^vS: ''Wy belief of the ships . . bi'in<( lost in JJallin's Hay is sti'eiiQftiiened by the fact that Adam H(>ck. the iiiterprt>ter, has deposed thai the words, ' AvA of Septend)er, ISK),' wei'e on the tin plate which wnfl last. aK appears by the translation from (Jermany, and which is believt'd to be true by the Danish autliorilies. . , ]Mr. Jicwis I'eaton, ijii inti'lligent J)anish mntlemaii, . . has volunttvred to !i4JiV»nipany me. . . We are both of ()pinion. and confident that we shoulil be able to piif an end fo i\\v (piestion, which n-i/l not he the t^«e li;/ tiff plan reeom mended l)i/ the An-tie Committee.'' Jle con- cludes, '' On purpose to p(M'forin this service, .1 shall most williiiijlv hoist nil/ iienddiil n ' ft Cdjitdin instead of hoisting nii/ fidr/ as a h'ear- Admirot." Sir John Koss seems still to retain bis belief of Adam B«'ck't» story a? to the loss of the sliips in or about Cdpe )'ork : we Should have Ihon^ht he had learned wisdom from Ihi' oliici-rs who examined into the truth of it -(.'aptain Oinmaiiey, and others- on the ■Bj)ot ; he believes also that veritabh' man i)icked up the piece of Mng- lisii elw, with a tin plate at top, with the words, 'JJrd September, is 1ft,' and which he h»st. 'J'his man did Jiot luulerstand English, and ® ^'cDliie IJook, " Aivdc Kifpcditioii, rii'lhi.-r ConvspdiidciKv, 1852," j*. 1 II. -*n in tlif li. aiul 111. MR, DOXAM) lil-.VrSOV. •j:{7 yet coulil roonlliH-t the inscription. Sir John Eos? inny hclicn'o it, but we caini )t. The triuisliition of tliis seeoiid story of Atliun li(>ck's says,* '• The shining plate (or skin) iran nailed on; with writing in the English language, which I did not understand, because it was not my Work; only ////.v f rrrorpiizt 'I, '"-ird Sfpifitihcr, '\X\G,^ J'ur irhirli f h-hh im media tell/ f/irnik/'dl.^^ Then follows the tale of how he lost it slip- ping down the snow over a hill ; not soft snow, by which it might be buried, but /uird ice ; and which, he says, he could iiof cliiiihio recover it. AVe leave this second story to the fate of the first. The last observation^ — sacrificial, it may be called, that of oil'ering to hoist his pendajit as Captain instead of his flag as Admiral, would induce a smile if the subject were not fratight with the most painful and melan- choly associations. We will only say, to be employed on a mission so holy and human(>, would confer honour on the greatest admiral that ever garlanded by his deeds his country's fame. "We need uot add, the Admiralty were not prepared to avail themselves of Sir .John Itoss's proposal. ]Mr. Donald lieatson, m a letter, dated January iL'lh, ls.")2.+ ad- dressed to Sir li. 1. Murchison, President of th.e Jtoyal {,ieogra[)hii'al Society, proposed a plan for search vid Behring's Strait: — '• 'J'he subject of search for Sir John Fi-anklin having been so freipiently discussed by the members of this scientific society, and others well acquainted with the navigation of the Polar Kegious, it would be pri'sumptuous in me to attempt an explanation of my reasons for commencing the search from the north-west of Behring's Strait. " I believe that many ai'c of opinion that a high northern latitude may be reached through the open water seen by Wrangell, and that, subsequently, an eastern passage may be forc(>d by a screw steamer, . . This is no hasty idea of mine, but one which 1 have had in cou- tem])latiou for above two years. . . While in Eussia last winter, in speaking upon the subject with some of the oflicers of the Jmpei-ial navy who had been in the Arctic Seas, I found that their opinions were exactly the same as mine ; namely, that Sir .Tohn wo\dd pass to the north of the Parry Islands, and never think of returning back till in the meridian of Behring's Stniils. They were also of opinion, that, when he arrived thus far, he would be prevented from getting to i\\{i Hoitthicard by a chain of islands extending farther westward, — a continmtlion,in fact, of the Piirn/ Islaiirtaiiily not reli-eal, in two, or even tlin>e years; part ienlarly it", as we lio|)e. tliey liave met witli snlliei' st animal food to support them. / /n/iirr Sir Jo/ni Fniii/r/iii /() III' tioiihirli !')'<• to Ihf iiDrlli nf I'xliriinf a S/,-ii//s. mnl crrhiiiilii not. far to the eastward ; and in' that belief 1 wrote to Lady I'ranklin in Oetolier last, statiiiij; my plan, and solieitiii;:; her assistance, whieli I am happy to say was imnit>diately i,'i\en."' Mr. Ueatsoii then points out his route to Mehrini^'s Strait, and eontiimes, "When tlrere I must be guided by the eoiidition of the ii'(>. If there is a possibility of north and east, in whieh diree- tion ] believe I shall eventually llnd stmu' traces of the inissiiifjf ships." A co])y of this li'tter was sent to the .\diiiiralty, l'\'bruary (Jth, 1S5'J. This ])lan, taken from the prosp(>ctus, is briefly, "to enter liehrinie\v Siberia, when, afti'V baviuii; searched the northern and eastern ])arts, to push to the eastward, to the northward of a chain of islands that is su|>])ostHl to extend from Melville Island to loni:;. I 10'' or 150° W., in Avhich lon«j;itude it is anticipati'd the navii^ation will lie eom])aratively clear; to wint(H' as far east as possible, and duriiii:; the early sprinjf, oxamiiu" by s1(h1i;cs around the winter (piarters : and the next year aastward as before." We have said this plan was sub- mitted to tht> Hoyal (leographii-al Society by Sir \i. I. Murchison (January lUtli, 1S,')2). Various (d)servations were made on it; "in all of which a hope was ex])resscd that i-'ranklin and some of his brave e()m[)anions miij;lit still be alive." Jt was most favourably received, and a resolntioii was unanimously adoi)ted, "That ('apt. Heatson's <;eui'rous and noble devotion de.sorved the countenance and pport of the Society ;" aiul a subscription list, in aid of the luuler- sn I takinu;, was opened at the Society's rooms. JIU ■rilf, I'dl, \If SKA. 2:v,) t yoiir sub- cliison "ill of \m iirably ("apt. '0 anil miclcr- It will he HccMi lliat llio pl.iii licrc iinlicfd is ioinidcil sim|)ly on llif ])ri'snm|)li()M lliat llic I'olvnia ol' Wrani^cli (aln;iily rcrcrrcil to) cx- t access to, and had succeeded in enterin-jf, t he I'olynia, tliront;h which flic paHsa<;c' to tli«' west was, on the aniliority ol' \V'ranji;ell and Saliine, of ('()iii|)aratively easy accomplishiiienl. 'I'Ik; (piestioii of the existence oi" a I'olar Masin had lnii was a chivalrous adventure, and we may say u poetry, in darinpj the spirits of the mysterious north in their own secret recesses; Itiit, settiuL,' aside these, the thought that there was a " wide iiiimeasur!il)liM)cean." in which ships mi'^ht naviuiite '■ even unto the I'olo," was so fascinatini,', so excitini^, th;it, it was almost im- ])ossil>le to exaiiiine into it and not to feel it possilile, and he drawn within the inlliKMice of that charmed circle: we must confes.-* to its ma;^ic |)ow'er over us. We are not usually led liy theoretical ima^'in- iii^s, we thought, liUt; others, it was prohahle. rmlei- this inlluem-e, and liis loii<; absence, wo thouifjit we saw /»^s7 ii hojn: llml Ft'diilclin viii/lif h(ine ijonp fo the north, uot Itif thr H'rl/iin/foa Chrnnul, hut l)y one of the passages, more to the westward, between the I'arry Islands. Hence we too advocated ('apt. Heatson's |)laii. We admit wedouiited, because Austin's \vest(U'ii parties had faih'd to discover anythiii!,' to lead to tiie conclusion tliat Franklin had been in that direct ion. Still we thought a cairn or trace iniglit have escaped them, travelling so early in the spring, when all was covered w ith one monotonous white, und that FraiiUliii iniglit have gone up between Cornwailis and JJyam IVlartiii Island, or the latter and IMelville Island. The absence of traces at Winter Harbour added yet more to our doubts; but, and above all these, was our ])ositivo impression that FraiiUbn was locked up in the ice, on the western side of .MelvilK.' Sound. This period was a sad trial for one's lirmncss, Imlding o|)iiiioiiH. as we did and do, widely dillerent frrtiii mf)st Arctic autho- rities, and wo may add, too, from others whose names justly stand dis- tinguished for their highly scientific ac(piircmciits. \\ ilh Mich an array against us, we have often paused and cpiest ioncd the soundness of our own views; but, as they were formed independently, and with- out a motivi! for prejudice, and besides which, as they were based on Franklin's Instructions, the only guide we had in the aliseiice f)f all intelligence of the missing K.xpeibtion, we couhl not change tliciu. I • .■s 'J 10 riws m si'Miiii run mi; .mhin iimnumv. V^t'ii", we were u illinnl pnwrr. iiml (licy w ere I lici'rrni'i' a ilriid lillrr. Hill MOW. !H iMrllur srincli |i\ |Im> shiiI li-wc -1 \\!m MMinrcd, we I'niilil not viMiiMin ;\|Ki(lH'(ir wliilsl l.'tl kI' our cimiiiI r\ lll(■l^^l livrs wnc in ji liMil. llicn. no iillcniMl ixc Iml In n'ln.'nn in :i|i|i:n'rnl l\ lM';i)t('(l. iiiMcl i\('. Niill(>ii silcitcc. ni' to siicriimli iiixi lirmi (o ||ii< tipniidiis ol" (lie iniijoritx : (he rinisc wuh s.'iircd, iiiiil cniilil imt In- (IcI'iMTt'd. ( >tl\('rs' (i|)mii>ii iiii^lil ln' i'i;;lil , csprt i;il|\ iis IVniiklin. //' s/.i// oil/ J'nuii Milrillf Soiiihl. ini",lil li;i\r liii'iuil In: ;il trni inn In tlic nnrlli;\\t' llicrclnn' MilvncMlcd Mr l)r;itl■(^>^>i.tll >\.'is iii;hl ) nt' snnic lin|i(> nl' sni'ccss ; ImiI, ;is wc Iimxc siiid, nni' laith .'Uid linpc w;is in I lie snulli-wcst iVnin ('ii|i(' WidKcr, linlji rcnirn-d in Mrl\ illc Snnnd. Mr I'ciil^^nn |Mir<'li,'is( s<'linnnrr I sain / lor liis iirnjnilcd \ n\ miv ; Iml. iVnin snnu* unlnn'scMMi ciri'innsljinci's, I lie \o\;ii;(' wmh nNnndnncd. Wt' now «'oni(> Jo lli(> considcrMlion oi' \\\\ inlcrrsl inj;; piijici' (ad- di'fssod loliio Lords ol' the Adnur.'dl \ . .laniiarv 'J'Jnd. is't'J) liy Mr. An'^nslns I'olcrntann.* a j^cnt loinan liavin:;; llio ri'|Milalion of licin;; a iXoo\\ jdusical jM'o^raplicr. lie sa\s: -"Il is llic L'cnoral o|iininn ihal I'ranixlin l\as passed lln-on^l) \Vi'llin;;loM ('liai\ni'l. IT so. it is bcxond doidil thai lii' tnnsi liavf pcni-lralcHl lo a considcraldc dislanro I'urlher. s<> as lo have r(Mid<'r('d il »'\t'(MMlinul\ dillicidl. if not inipos- siMc. 1o n>t r.'ii'o Ins sl(>|>s, slionid lio Iiav(> lonnd il inipracl icaldo In pnn'iH'd in anv ollu-r dircctiiMi. It is a well Known lad. tli.al lIuM't" exists to the ih'rth ol' tli(> SiJKM'ian coast, and at a t'onipara- \\\c]\ y\\ov\ disl;nici> t'roni it. a sea open at nil seasons It is ln-yond do\d>t a sinular sea crisis on tlie Anieiiean side, to the iiorlli ol" tlie I'arrx lironp; it is\er_v pr(d)aM(> that these two optMi s(>as j'oian a larc*' naviuahli* Arctic (V'ean. . Il isexidcnl. that, nntil an eii- Iraui'e into this Aretii- liasin has lu^en (>tl'ected. thai is. inti> that pari whieh is I'ompai'ativcly ojumi and naxi-^ahle. scarcely any hoju- can ln> eiitertaiuiNl ot' n^seninix I'raidvlin. or ot" aseertainin^:; his t'ale." Me lh«M\ sa\ s. " Wi'lliniiton Channel and Ht>lirin;:"s Strait, thelwoehiel' tMitranees t'ron> thi> Ainericm side into the I'olar Uasin. ha\e. owin^ 1o thi> prininiity ot' the land and accnmnlat ion ol' ice. hitherlo frus- trated the most determined aihanees in these directions. TIkmo are onl\ two other enfraui'es; these are between (ireenland and Spit/berirtMi. ami l>etwt>en Spit zherfivn and Novaia /emhiia ; with ivspivt \o llu" t'ormer. . the dillie\dties . . are vi>ry ijreat. * Stv lUiio Hook. " Ari'tu' l'\)>i^ililii'ii, 1S52, FiirthiT C'orri'-poiuli'iicr, \i'.," Y 1 12 : anil Athriu7v,n. ilamiarv ITili. ISol'. ^i. I I Mil I'l TIIIM \-.N, .,|| I .]■ ■•"n> hr.,„l,h„:- Mr I'Hrnn:,,,,, I1m„ nnlir, s - ll,.,,.,. n;,v,r;i(..rs ul,., ''■•'^'' ■•i 'i""'-' ''^ '^""^^" In.lnll.VMll,., ,,MUn(ul .■IHTrnUVn, .S,|„,. '•'^';""^' •••"^^"'••''IIh. \ll,nl,r «),.,.;,„;•• sl,nu.,lsM„l,s,.,|iu.n( .Inl'l •'""' " "•■••'■' "'■ 'l-«ii.ir.S|,v;M„ „| ,(. ,,,.1, ,n ,.r,„,r nolHT.' "///,,/ ,,•/.,/,. ,/s. rnnrsr is „n;.f>,/ hrhnr,, Ihr nnrlhrrn ,,.nl uf \„nn„ A.. N..H I, (•,,„.. ,„, //,, „//,,,.,,„/,. ./•//.,. ,///.W.,. // IrnnlH „,nra,M oj L',.i()() mil, X f mill, r x,nilh" ;;'''''''l''imr.-.,r,....u|urlMMMV.j,,s|lvl.,.Hn|.|,ns,.||n,.x,sl IhIu.m. Nril/l....-,.nM„.|\„^,M,./,,,il... uu^\Ur.uuunvv,u.n,.r.lnn,„hhf,,rr. -''/.vnl,.lMr|..:,;'lH.„l,s,.,.vrs,'lM,( nn| i;.T;,l .T ( l,;„M hosr on 1 1,-' ,.""■'■"■"" ■"'" "■'^' '^' ^"•""- "''"i"'^' li^'V, l>;.nr„sl..,. SnuiMl ;.,„| '■"■'■"" "•^"■■"'' • Wr|,;K,.||„. IrsI, nvuriMnnr, ,s^^|,,,^■,N A.'. Hull ul,..,„.Nrr (|,..v s„,v,r,lr,| „, |M,sl„n;; l|,nM,;;l, (|„s hnrrnrnf "r. lh,';,J,„nnl, In Ihr nnrlh „X ,1 , n .vr„ „„rr „r /rss n,,rn „n,| \\rr ' A v..ssrl. il,,.,,. ul,„.l, shnuMHIrH ;, |..ss;,;.,. (J.r.H.^M Ins mv uomM SIJIIIM 'i""l 'Isrir II, ||„. ;;,v;,(,„|,r„. .liivi-al.lr ' r„li„y,,' r.l' (lir |{ IIS- V/^// (/.V II II If. linn., iirir. I„il „,, „;ll rsl,il,lrsh,;l Jiirls," suImiiiI I ,,1, l.y a;,y nf nnp', ;■•■";""■'"•■ """• '•"-'•^"''••■i>' nii.'il (ion nrnij-MV^HwIiiVI, I , "'V'"' '"••". I .,,nnot hut (hink, thm, that on th,. con.idrration ;|j m u IM.WS OK SKAUi'll l-()ll Hill .lOIIN rilWKMN. ol" nil llic circiimslimcrs, il will Ix* tlic opiiiioii ol" lliusc ulm ;in> iimsl, roiiipclciil Id (Iciiilc on llic ijiii'sl inn, lliiil iiii cul imikt iiilo Ihc \\\;w l^.'isiii, tlir(>iiL,'li llir (i|)ciiiiiu; iiihIit coiisidcrMt idii, :is well ;is the ii;i\i- ii;;iti(iii (if thill 'wiilc. imincjisiiralilc occmii,' iiii;^lil> lie hum:' cosily rircclcd (liiriii!j; lln' Arclic wiiilcr lli;m in llu> smnincr iimmliH " As to Hie I imc nf (Iciuirturc, he s;i\s : " N't'sscis iirriviii!^' in I lit" I'nl.ir Sea in l''i'i)rii;nT or .M:n-rli. jnsi liflorc or when lln' sun li;is niiuli' its appcinMiici', inii^lit, if onI\ (lUcc nMc to rnli'f the I'ol.n" I'.isin. ciisily tr;i\('rst> it to the (ipiiositc si \\ \>q.\\\vc I lie imwcf of llic sun IimiI set, in iMotimi tiic 'jj-i'nl icc-hcarni;;; curn'nl, iniil tliry would tlifii \v.\\c Ih't'orc llicui tlir \\liol(- suniini'f of liio fnlli'sl snnsliinc ioi- cin'rvinL^ out the ohjci't. of I licir vo\ ;im«. Ilic sc'ircli lor Sir .lolui I'riuiklin." Ho adds: " It is uiy fouvicl ion lliat IIkm'o is no rcalK i^mid ;nilli(U'il,y «lo('isiv(< ol' llu^ point ; . . in liicl, liic passai;r Ix'lwccn Spil/hci'i^oii and Novaia /iMulia lias never iu'on i'airlv aIli"ni|tlod. . . Tlio said o|)('nini^ inli> the I'olar IJasui ina_\, al"tor all. turn out lo !)(> the most, fa\onraId(> one, oven durini;; the suiinner months." Two charts were submitted, illustrative of tht- author's \ iews. This pap(>r we consider V(>i-y valuahle; Iml. as will already have b(>en seen, thonL,di I'avouriuL: the idea of a I'olynia ami its cduliniiat ion io the north, still, as the fact, was iiot< established that l''ranklin had taken tlu> nttrthern ronte. we could not i)lace ;niy cinijii/c/irc in il direction /;/ ii-hicli il iciin unlircd ; we felt .assured the oriifiiiiil phfif of Sir Jo/m /iiirroir irns' noiiiiil ; we had nol co/ii/t/ilfif f/ir scorch in llml ijiinrlct'; and as there wer(> no ncir Jiicl.s- lo jtrocc tliiil lie liiul /(tiled lhciu\ mill lii/il i/onr lo llic uoiili, wi> could not place oonlidence in any ])lan of search nol Iniviiiij fuel /'or //.v Ixisis; auain, ve ilioui^ht, Mi^ht not l''rankliii bi> detaiiied in the direction in ■svhicli be was sent, by obstacles arisinii; out eilitor of the Atlicnccum* " snbinilteil to (.'apt. Hi>atson, who naturally is reluctant to give up bis own plan. . . If. Iiow(>ver, the competent antbori- ill * See AtbdittiDn, 17th Jaim.in-, 1852. Wc give thin nolo to show how strongly theory wns ailvoi'iiti'd i\\ tin- liiiu'. A liMtor iVoiii Mr. .Idlm Hilton, alioimdiiii; in v;iliialiic (l;it;i, siig!:;i'sli!ii» tlic (losirnbihty o( trviiig llu- route liclxvcoii Spil/bcrgiMi ami >iovii ZchiI'Im, «ms piib- lis!u>(l in till- Mniirlirxfcr GiKirdlmi, in June, 1851. Sec " liio Aivtie Kcgions," \.'., by r. L. Simmouds, 1857, p. 230. 1 (AIT. WII.lvKS, r.S.N. 2i:i III iiii'i // (Hi " We ..1 tlu» iijiliird ) jirot'i' t pliK'O tioii ill hiion-n 1 i'Iiiiil:; i"f\lri- ■ of tlu> Uiftaiit iiUiuri- |stron;;;ly liii!^ till' \;is liul'- L'L'iollr'," fics, ti) whose n|iiiii(iii Mr. IV'|i'i*iii;iiiii lias niiulcan nppciil, hIioiiM (•(in- sider (lie Neva Zeiiiltla roiile u more advaiilaLjeous oiu^ than tliat by Ueliriii^'s Sti'ail, lie has, we are iiiloniied, e.\|)ressed liis williii^iies.H to adopt, llie loi'iiier ; hut at the same tiiii(> he has siiL,"-,'e.sle(l thai, nevertheless he slioiili' he allowed to lollow his own route, il" another vessel eoiild lie despatched h_\ the \o\a Zemhia oji-'niliL!;, lest no one (•ls(> should he I'oiiiid to tollow up his proposed route. The important, laels liroiiL,dit t'or\var(| liy Mr. I'etermaiiii should eertaiidy he at, once invest ii^afed. It' they can he eoiit radietcil il' his eoneiiisions can he proved incorrect why. there is an end ol' th(^ matter. If not, his ])lan deserves, as we have said, the most, serious consideration; for ill (hat case, his pro|iosed route Wduhl seem to l)e (he most I'easihle and jnlvantai^eoiis of all." We oii^dit (o iio(ice lier(^ the stroiiL; feeliii;^', at this time, of our American l)rothers, in favour of a renewal of (he search for our niissini,' country men. ( 'apt. Charles XVillies, L'.S.N., so well Iviiowd as an Antarctic iiavii,'ator, presented a memorial to ('on;jjress, praying (hat a u;rant of noo.OOO dollars may he made for (his piir|)ose. C'a|)t. AVilkes's views on (ho search, as addressed (o (he editor of the Nu- liDiinl /iiff/lii/fiicr)\;\re hrielly " l''rom tlu' letters from lOni^daiid 1 nni satisfied that the means will not he atfordcd to make an etl'cctual search. . . I'atal errors have been made, in atteiuptinj^ the search in vess(>ls, it lieinuf (piiti; evident t(» the sim|»lest mind that if ves.scia can (rack Sir .lolin, he certainly wordd !u; eiiahled to j^'ct out. . . . It has always appeared (o me ahsurd nonsense . . to keep to ves- sels, th(> scene of whose operations must he limited to (he fast ice. . . . The only and (rue course is a thoroiiffh exploration over the ice by means of sledi^es or boals, niakini;; (he advance in all directions, under a wcll-ori^'ani/.ed base of opera! ions, hut, [lart 'cnlarly to (he westward from ll'rllini/hoi ('hmnicl, irlirrc liix trail /nifi licni ,s/riick.(?) . . . The anxiety and iiderest which exist in (his country to n^ceive tidiiiu;s of the lost I'lxpodition . . cannot be ijrealer, even ill (Ireat Britain. It is the cause of liiimanily, in which all our h(>arts and iiiiiuls should assent (o intervention." We have extreiiK^ f^jratilication in vecordiiiL^ (his expression of ;^'eiieroiis sympathy on the part of our American kinsmen. \Vc trust, in the future, that the seeds thus sown may (loiirish to the mutual happiuess and pros- perity of both nations. Veuturiiiij; oiir opinion on the direction of search suL:;^ested by ('apt. Wilkes, Ikj will easily couccivi', should he over see these [laijes, that from what we have already said we cannot coincide with his views, lie will see that Wi) altogether repudiuio U 2 iu 211 ri-.vX8 or si;au< 11 rou siu .ioitx fu.wki.ik. tli(> Well i 11^1(111 Channel routo ; hut wo (juito i\<^\vv with In'ni wIumi lie sayH, " It hchovcs fln^at Urilaiii to fonsiilcr the search as now hut Ix'^'un ; and it ouylit and must ]w continued, as hcconics a great nation iiinhM* whose (laij;. and in whose service, Sir John jind his conipaniouj) have risked, and are, it' alive, enduring great })rivations." JMarcli 20tli, IS-'-J.-rnt'orniation was received at the Admiralty from Mr. James 31. Share, second master of II. M.S. S(niijt.soii, tlie suhstance of which was a report that two thrce-niastcd ships had been seen on an iceherg, or lloe, oil' the coast of -Xewfoundland, in -April, ]Hol, hy a hrig, named the Jiriiovatidn, 31 r. Edward Coward, IVIaster. INluch against the wish of Mr. .1. S. livnch, a passenger, the vessel proceeded without examining them. On her arrival at Quehec, Mr. Lynch re[)orted the circunistanco, it being his opinion that the two icisborne vt-ssels might be those of Sir John I'raiddln. It seems no notice was taken of the report there, or afterwards at Limerick, although all thc^ particulars were given in tlu' Liinrrirk Clirouivh', IMay 2Sth, 1S."51. On receiving this information, tlie Admiralty lost no tinu^ in conununicating with the owner, master, mate, and crew of the Jf c nova f ion ; also with the various a\ithorities connected with the Merchant Service at h.ome and abroad. An extensive corresjKnidiMice followed, but it failed to elicit little more than the fact as noticed. Capt. Krasmus (^nunauey, already known as the able second of Austin's Ivvpedition, was very active in his endeavour to investigate this report. Jle examined th(> inate, 31 r. Simpson, and one of the crew of the licnovalion, and several other persons. The following exti-act from his oillcial letter to the .Admi- ralty, April l(5th, 1S52,* will give the result of his incpiiries : — " Whatever ships they may have been, whether I'ranklin's or not, the fate of the crews must bo a subject of public syni[)athy, and many sunnisea will result. 3Iy firm conviction is, that those vessels drift(>d a consit'.erable distance on that piece of ico. . . From tlic fact of being found drifting with the current that sets along the coast of Lalirador fmm Davis's Straits, I infer they came from a high northern la'.itude ; the removal of the spars and absence of the hoats indicate that the abandonim^nt of the shi[)s had been a work of time and deliberation. The fact of the ships being dose together has the appearance of consorts." Notwithstanding this incpiiry of Capt. Ommaney's, some asserted tht> appearance to he altogether an optical * Sec j?arhnmc»tarj Papers, >'o. 501, "Vessels iu tlic >'orth Atlantie, 1852," P II. f m SHIPS SEEN nv " IlENOVATIOX. 215 ''iriit, (Icliisioii, which, iVoiii llio ovidenci!, we cjiunot think. Tliis report pnnhu'od ^Tcat oxcitciuciii ni tlio time. Beinj:; within tho drift front the north, and no losses having oeourred among tho whale ships within the iircvions three years but what could be accounted for. th( re was a general belief that these two ice-embedded ships wero tho hapl(>ss Kfrhim aiul Tm-or. Jlere was a fruitful subject for spccululion. Conjecture and theory went hand in liand — whence did these ships come ? It must have been from the north ; but did they drift down on the east or west side of (Jreeidand? The advo- cates for the former opinion, under the prevailing ill-founded notion tliat Franklin had gone up the Wellington t'liinuiel, and had readied the I'olvnia of the Arctic Jiasiu, strenuoiislv uri^ed that tt-.ev must have como down from the north between Greenland and Spitzbergen. The facts alforded in the drift of various whalers, of Sir James Ross's ships, and, more recently, tlu)se of l)e Haven, down Hadin's Bay aiul J)avis's Straits, were unheeded. They arg\u^d. if drifting iVom that direction, they nuist have been seen by the whalers on their [)assage down. This opinion, visionary ami untenable as it is, whether wo consider the width of the Hay and Strait, or the fact that whalers avoid the ice, by giving it " a wide berth ;" have not time to spare to seek an objei-t they know not of; and, above all. the want of evidenc^o t(i show that Franklin had sought the solution of the. '■^ r/vcdt qiirsfion " /ji/ the norfli, still these views were listened to. It was in vain the su[)porters of the opinion that these ships came down on the «v',v/ .siilo of Grreenland pointed to thi' experience and facts of the past, iveason and fact in this case, as in others on this distressing suliject, and which we have st) often had occasion to notice, wer,' rejected; the facts were known, but uidieeded. "Au object ever pressing dims the sight." The meagreness of the information obtained did not afford materials for forming a souiul conclusion whether they were J-'ranklin's ships or not; but looking to the soiu'ce of their drift, our conviction was certainly in favour of Barrow's Strait, I'ailin's Bay, and Davis's Strait. We shall have occasion again to notice these random-driven, ice-locked ships.* -April 3rd. ls.")2. — ]''nrther intelligence was reccMved at tlio Admi- ralty through the Hudson's Bay Company from the now celebrated JJr. Kae ; his letter is dated from J'"ort Simpson, Si'ptcmber 27th, * .Si'i' a vnliiiilili> ii!i]icr on tlic "I'rolialilc Cour-ii' of .'>ir Jdm Fniiikliii," l)y A. i|., J''.1M}..S., " \{oy,\\ ( li ii;,M';iiiliic;il ScH'ii'tv'.-J .iLiuniiil,'' vol. Xivi.j p, 'M, el seij. Also ail Appendix to tliu above, dated Mareh 21st, 1857. ■ ■'il. ' I I 210 I'l.ANs or ar.ATuii fok sin .ioiin fhavkmn. IS.'l,* This party slarU'd on .liiiic l')tli, Is.'l. Uii August lUlli, 1S.-1, llu-y Im.l atti'iiiK-d a pcsitioii, hit. 70" 2' :}()" N., luii^'. 101^24' 17" W. I'l-om llifiicr \)v. Hav dcspatchi-il t\\(t iiicii to the north, who advanocd ti'ii ndk-s, and tVoM\ lliciici! had :i northerly view of srvcn mihs. To this point was ^^ivcnthc name of'" i'elly," (iovernor of (he Hudson's I5ay ("oMi|)any. On tlic I llli lliey coniiMi'iiced tiieii- rilurn. On ALii,'nst Ulst, hein^' in Parker Hay {\\c it to have been) liad been turned in a lathe, ami was three inclic!; in diami'ter." J)r. iiae, anticipating future observation on tliese most interesting fragments, thus notes his opinions regariling them on the spot : " As tliere may be sonu- ditference of oj)iinon regarding the direction I'mm which these pieces of wood came, it may not be out id' place to e\[)ress liere my own opinion on the subject. J'rom the circumstance of the J/o()(I lidc conungy'/'oy/^ Ihn oioiihirni'il (ilolu/ lliv vd.st uliurc of Vlcluriii Land, there can be no doubt, but there is a water channel dividing Victoria Land from Xortli Somerset; and through this chamiel 1 believe these pieces of wood have been carried, along w itii tlie innnense quantities (d' ice that a long continuance of nortiierly and nnrtli- easterly Avinds. aicU'd by the ilood tide, had driven southward. The (d)b tide, not having power enough to carry it back again aLjainst the wind, the large bay innnediately siaith ol" \ictoria Strait became per- fectly Idled with ice, even up to the .south shore of Victoria J^and. * See rariiiiniiMitiu-y P.ipcrs, No. 2 IS, "Arctic Kxiicdition, 1852," p. 8; aud suo " .loiivual of the Koyul Gfognipliicul Socict}," vol. sxii., p. b:,'. nil 11 A i; 217 \v |u r- iiaiiil. ;unl SCO Hotli ])ioc('H fijipcnr to have roiiu' to Hlum* alMiut the saino time, niiil tliev iiiiisf li;i\r Itrcii carried in liy tiu- Hood tide tlial was at tlii' liiiio flowiiii;, or dui'iii'j; tlio prex ioiis eld), lor llie simple reason, tlial, al- tlioiit,'li tlu'V Were toiicliiiiL; tlie lieaeii. tlieydid no! I'est upon it. Tlie Hpot will IV they were found wiis in lal. (iS" '>!»' .\., Ions;. lOiJ'JU' \V." We ha\e had i,'real pleasure in reailinjj; this, as we hav(,' iiad every re|)oit of Dr. Uae's. 'J'here is ahout Iheui a sini|)lh ily. a clearness, and a 1 rutlit'idne^s, that eharins one onward to the eiul ol" his journey. ]ii followini,' him we seem to jiartake ol" his ])erseverii)^, cheerful Hpirit ; with him there is no maundering' ; danger and snll'eriufj;, iindop whati'ver forms presented, timl him prepared with darini; to face them, and t'uerLfy to overcome them; andyct iio fool-hardiness or ;,'allant e\- ])loits :'.re atleiiiptcd, or depicteil; all is tempen-tl hy a judicious ardour, fidl of life, that sees, W('i;,dis, and acts \sitli promptitude, iuit ever cahnly, and wilh ready wits about him. With reference to thi; two pieces of wood, the inferences of |)r. Uae, with respect to tho directi(tn cif their drifl. -that is, f/iaf llm/ ntnir J'rinn fhr north hif a vliiiiiiK'l iflcii/i/ii/ I'iilor'ni J^niiil J'roni ^,'orlli Sontrrsfl, — are most natural ; hut he was not aware, at the tiiiu', of the search that had lieen maih' hy Ommaney's party down Peers St)und, and the doubt thrown on the exislenci' of a passai^o to the southward by that Sound ; this, with other reasons for assii^'uinuf the di'ift of these most impor- tant relics to another quarter, will aijaiu be referred to and coiisi- denxl : Inil oj' //if i/fcj) iii/n'inf i,ivo/rri/ in lliem llirtT in not u iiH<-Klii>n, und lilt Itiiji do not .srini lo Imcc oliluini'il that iittcntion ; and ini/iiiri/ " irhfncr thr// cmnr'' one would have bi'cii led to u.Kpecl. In their drift if tnirriipitcd the mi/xtviHons Tai.i: of the iiu.sition, and, pruluildi/, the j'ati'. of the- ill-stiirrcd Sir John Franklin, and the oj/iicrs and crctcs uf'thi! Enlius and Terror. \Wi have already noticed tho report of the Arctic Connnittoo, and their reconuuenilation •■ that, au Kxpedition should be despat(;hi'd to Jiarrow's Strait," and have remarked on their e.\traordinary conclu- sion, that tlu'V " consider ani/ further e.rjdorntion in the direction of Melville Island, or to the noiith-a-est if Vi'oe Wal/iir. irhol/i/ tinnerennarji ;^' and. '■therefore. pri>i)ose that ;ill the slren!j;th and ener'^y of the ivvpedition should lie dii'eclcd towards the e\aiiiinat ion of the upjier part of WeUinuton .Strait.'' Wo \\:\\v eiideavoureil to show that, in seleetini/ the irellim/ton Strait, il was in the face of every reasonable intereuce; not only because it was only a secondary point in Sir John Franldin's Instructions, hut aUo that il was subordinate to the riuilc by (.'(ij>o U alhcr^ and at variance ivith the urijinul ^ilitn of UlM •LAN ; u| SIMM II n»U Sfit JKlI.N Flt.VVKLIV. Sir Jii/iii Iiiii'foir ; nii«l, la>ll_v, liaviiij^ Itccii slriftly acarclicd, it liiul } iclilc'd not a |>arti .Ic tif cvidfiicc to prove that the l*]\|)t'(litioii had advaiu'cd to the iimtli hy h'* icf-hh)cl\('(l chtinncl. We have also Mttriiiptfd to |)r(t\f, that in n'jct'tiii;^ the fornicr, they have atniyi'd iVoiii the primary ilircctioii in which the Franklin I'lxpcdit ion was 80 I'.spci.'ially ordfrcd, and have done ho witlioiit a sin^h' fact to prove he was iiuaUh' to prosccidc the olijcct ot' liis voyage in a ijcncral niMilh and wot direction iVoni Cape Walker; foi-, excepting the par- tii'iilar coast, to the south mid wentofil lo KKl'^ \V., rccciilly searched Iiy ('apt. Oiuiiianey, no one kiu'w wlietlicr I'raiiklln iiiii;!t iu)t he more to the westward, and in Mchille .Sound. 'I'lie eM'orts of that iiidefatiL;'al)le olliccr wen' conlined fo ti siimll pof/ioii oii/if of Ihe s/kii-i- iitinrii Ihiil C'lifif iiii(f Jldii/is Ijiinl ; they were llieref(»re iiiconcliiHi\e, and iiiiist e\er st, a (piarter without jirospect. without any r<'al promise of success, but that whi^h uild inKU(ination or overwrought conjecture cliosi; to invest it; over ground, too, where we are assured they conld not liave [inssed, or we should have found some sign, some vestige to indicate their presence and their Ir.ick. However, it was di'cided that anotlier Expedition should he sent to Harrow's Strait, and that ils energies siioulil be conliiied to the north and the Avest. ('apt. ISir Edward Jjelcher, C.I)., was appointed to the entire coinm;iiid in the Assinlnncr, and Ca[)t. Henry Kelletl, C.M., to the h'r.s-o/iifr, willi two sti'aiii tenders and a ileMol-sliip toac<'omi)an\ them. Dountifullv 111* ^ (.'(piijjlied and provided, these vessels sailed from Woolwich lOtli April, IS.jli. The Jnstructions given to Sir lldward l>elch(-r, C.U.* (datiHllOtli Ai)ril, lSol2), may be thus ahlire\ialed. After the usual [irelimi- iiaries, .Section I says : — " Ado[)tiiig the recomiiiendatiou of the All-tic Coiiuiiitlee, . . the pl;in of future operations there in .pe i'urliairuiitury l'M|iir.-, No. 8_', "Aniic I'Injh ililion, is,j2," ]>. 1. [iro- « ti tl \l J ii' KJtli liiui- tlic i)ro- siu KiiWAiu) iir.r.citF.u, (mi. i!lO pnsod is to ho fon^idcrt'd as tin- basis ofyoiir jiriicfcdiri^^s. . . My tlial |)laii, Hi'cclii'v Islainl is llu- pniui iiidicatt-d as tlic hasis of ymir o[tfi'ations, and you arc to nmsiili'i" it aa llu' f^raiid iviidf/.vims, and us ti ^('lu-ral d»'i>(")t. "oth. Arrived at this |Hiii'l. two j^rcat olijccts will (.•iii,'UL;f your nltt'iitioMjIirst, Ihf ciiili'Mvimriii;; t(t pass up W'clliii^^lnii Cliamul uilli one sailiiu,' Msst'l and a>traiiu'r; sc'Diid, tlif advaiu'o ot'ii Himilar I'drfc towards .Mi'lsilh" Island. "(illi. Till' object oftlic lirst ot'llicse Kxpcdil ions will bo to cndca- ^o!lr to ri'cover tlic traces of Sir .Inim l''ranl\liii, wliicli ci-ascd at. Cape HowdiMi, to the imrth of I'ecchey Island, and to follow up sucb traces ij'//iri/ sliimld hr J'uuiiil. " 'i'lie object of till' other l']\|)edit ion will be to deposit, if possible, nt. Winter Harbour, Melville Island, or. failiuL,' that, at Hyani Martin Island, a supply of pro\isions, iSlC, for any i)arties that nii^'hl reach Bueb positions from ('apt. CoUinson's or C'oniniauder M '( 'lure's ship.s. "7tb. As regards the iirst-nanied lApedilion,aiul tin- possible oon- tin;,'eiu'y of coming; on Sir .K)hn l''ranlxlin's ti'ack, (?) we cainiot too Htrony;ly impress upon y(tu the neceshity of \oin' establishin;^ alonj^ your line of route cachettes of pi'ovi^ious sullicient to supply your crews ami those of the missim; ships." He is then directed '"to deposit notices, trect cairns, ttc." Dtli. The Western K\i)edition is directeil, " in the ( iisuini,' s[)rin'4, iirst, to deposit provisions at Melville Island;" seeontlly, to delacb " travellini,' partii's in a westerly direction, for the cond)in(>d [)ni'poso of a search for traces of Sir John I'ranklin, and of depositinL,^ notices . . where the supplies are left, bein^ at the sami' tiuu? strictly enjoined to return to their shi|)s before . . the usual period (d" the" breakinuj up of the uv. in ordt'r that '• Miey " may nluru to " IJeechey [sland." " rjtb. It is, of course, possible that sucb seasons as were expo rionced by the l'].\pedit ion in IS.'JO-I may ai;aiu occiu", to prevent a ]iassaarli Iwii ships tnuai'tls .Melville Islaiid. lis ilireeted. iVdVt'i't iiii; tti the repurt ut' two slii|)S liaviliu; hi'cli seen (ill tlie iee in Ili(k> N.ii'tli Atlaiitie, ill the spriiii; ol" ls.">l, they direct the addptiou of pUicli .slrps oil the way from IJaHin's I5ay, with reference to search aim iiKjuiry on (.he shores of Davis's iSlrails," as ho "may consider most advisable." These I iisiniclinns are \ery simple and ch-ar. Arrivi'd at I'eechey l8]anarties in u wi'sterly <1iroction for tr;ices of l''raiilslin, and deposit not ices where sujiplii's ai-c left. In case of a bad sea;ion oll'eriiij; obstacles, ami prevent in:.' a piiswiu'c, »'ither up \Velliit<;toii i'hannel or to the west of (Jritlilh (J,slaiid. due coiisiderat ion is to be ^nveii how fa>' il iiii!.;lit be usel'ul til examine Harinti; Hay, or I'rince Alfred I5ay, in the direction of .loiies's SoiiikI. ill addition to the north and iiorth-wi'st of (.Queen's ChiUMiel. J'"rom the tenor of these Jnstruclioiis it will be seen the t'll'urts of both divisions tire /o In' voiijlucd lo ihc imrlh uj' Unrroic's islrdils. in .snirc/i of mi Krjin/i/io/i aciif lo Ihc soiillt iiiid ici,s/ nf llmur sli-dilH. At this time (l!?52) there was u pcrfi'ct infatuation in favour of Welliiiu'lon Chaiiiii'l and the north. With overv earnest and siii- uore wish that our missiii;^ coiintrymei. should bi' fouiu! and I'cstored tt» Filmland anil their homes; with every desire to inform iinrsidvcs, iird rightly to think on this momentous subject, we ha\(' soii!;ht ftiid spared no exertion to ascertain u[)on what -;-- dinary tlelusioii was based. We have read ami read a'j;ain, but with all our I'lideavoiirs we !ia\e been unable to discover a siii|;K' point or fact upon which to " han<.^ :i reason " for suppnsiiiL;- that the j-'raiikliii Expedition ev< T |nissed to the north by the Wellin^'ton Channel. W"<' knew the interest ;iltaclied lo it w hrii l'"rankliii sailed, and that* , it was sullicient to make it the second point <\^ his Instructions ; but . ill choosing it the cihiiitli tr J'nilari' oj' the Jirsl po'nil uuis (t.sxi//iir,l h> hiivc oCev rrcil : lln.'< Jurl ire /iiirr iicrrr hrcii iik/IjIcU lu ixhtliH-:li. Thi' WC'lliun'ton Cliainiil, then, call ci:ii,,i no preference on this account, A^aiii, tiie absi c of records at IJeeehey Island is slroiii; pres.imp- five evidcnci* that he did not pass uj) this channel; for no one can \\\th reaaou believe that sucii a man as i'raukliH would de[)art Iroua O o o clu'V liuii, ly uf that, iiulcr tiM'ly iui; a rillitli isi'l'ul UU lit' IITU'S Ml tllO ' flioxi' 'ivtiur siii- dl'Cll •Ivcs, full","- with lit III- llklili IIIU'l. lliaU lull. 'I'hr lillTlt. |l sii: KDWAWi) lii-.LrirEii, c.n. 231 Ill's rns1ructii)ns, ami Icavi* tlu' known luf Ilu> unknown, witliouL (li'|)(isit ini^ soiiif iliciiiiu'iit assit^niiiiii; liis rt'iisoii liir doini; so; ai,Miii, at this tiiiic \VrlhiiL,M(iii Channel had liccn rigidly ^^^•a^^•h(■d, and nothing; was I'diind to L,'i\i' the Irasl chic that he liad ascrndi'd it; uhat, then, can ha\c iiilhiciici'd tlic minds of tlio.sc adsisin^ in tiio matter, thai thcv shoiihl have (•oiiif to a conclusion so adverse! to all rational int'ereiico. and yet so deteimiiiately, so uhstinately insisted on r ll lias heen said that I'raiiklin's predilections wore in i'a\our of a northern route: tiiis is not fact. I'ranklin, as we have already noticed, was in favour of coiniihtin;;; the Morth Americau co'.ist-line. The fact is, there was no tanuihle reason for tliiidiiiii,' so; it was a mere haliiicinat ion, Imilt up under the ij;lari' of au Arctic I'oiynia, of lalked-ol" intent inns of what he should like to do, ilistorted iiili> resolves of \', hat he would do, and hy ''asy Iraiisition ctiiiied into the fact of what he had done. One error e\er follows another; so in the ease hefore us, it was this iiiononiania in favour of \Velliii;j;1oi; c'hannel and the north, without stopping to impure whetiier the l''raiikliii l"Apeditioii mlL!,lit not he hesiM to the west and south of ("ape Walker, that led to the despatch of Colliiison and ^J'Clure from i'jhrijif^'s iStrait to si ek them to tlu' north of .Melville Island, thereby drawinj^ attention from and leaviii;; the true diriH'tion of search unexamined. Ai^^ain, it will he ohserved in these I list ructions, that Jiot a passini^ word is devilled to ("a[)e Walker and the south-west route, and yet it ^\as this ipiarter that lir^t atiracted tin' atti'iition of the father of vXrctie enter[)rise, as |)ri'si'iit iiii; the hest prospect for eti'ectiii;; " tho J'assaL:;e," to accomplish which Sir John l'"raiiklin aiul his gallant crews left our shores. The search in that din-ction, then, should liave heen our first anil principal ohject ; it was begun hut ncvo' htm brfi> cu,ii/i/r/n/, and mi it remains to this day. I]\t raordiiiary as it mav now appmir, it is hy these instructions entirely disregarded, prohahlv never to he completed : -so much for .\rclie aiilhorit ies ! Thus, /ltd/ a-ltii-lt trc sa nttuli J'i Jiow, and were trivial in comparison witii the; presi-rvatiou of muc hundred and thlrtv- liv(; men's lives — uu-n sent on a soundly scientilie but pei'ilons service, for the solution of a threat ({uestiou for the honour of their country. I>iit we return to Sir lulwanl I'elchi'r's Exp. ution. As tin; chief he took llif ikihI of lioiuiitr, the U'll/ijif/foii ('/i.nnic/ ; //i.f/ c/iinitic/ i'-/iir/t. Icil to I'ciiiiifn sni, and the Arctic Poli/iiin. \V(> have no faith, no hope, whatt'ver his exertions, however pers(>vcrinij;ly eondneled, that his ellorts will he attended with success; it is /// tlw irvoiii/ (lircrtimi ; and tlu-p'tbre the ex]>ectation that he will accom])lish the olijcct of bis humane mission hoprlcsx. We leave him and his <^allant followers witii every l^ikhI wish that the arduous service oi; which thev are ont;a!j;ed may result in h/' a ii/i/lh. 'i'lie westci'ii ilivision. uncU-r the (^xcellent-hearted Kellett, promises better; it is just possible that l''ranl these instructions do not include the examination of the eastern x ile aj' llaiih.s l.inid, iiiiil llie miHlhern .shnren (if Melrille Soiiiiil, eaxtiriird to \iY.V II'. : Iml this ijiuirter irifs inresfed ir/th nil llir iiorrom of eiiilinrrdSKiiieii! mid di siriieliuii J'roiit Ihejirst, mid irn.s therefore fithooed. Till' (piestion. then, .Have we son^dit the Franklin I'lxpedition in the rii;ht direction':' we consider answered ; — Wic n.wi: not. 'I'lie ta"-k we have assi^'uetl oiu'selves is completed; but we shall continue to „'ive uotices of ilii' various opiuious and plans as they vise ; and espc- LiErr. \v. II. iTooricR, h.n. — cavt. vit'/jxmv.h. irui ciiilly ibr flio results of tlio "his/ nf (he Arctic votinr/m,^^ a i'uturc ;iu;c may iiKjiiirc. liiciil. W. II. Jloopcr, li.N., wlioso name \vc liavo already had occasion to notice as liavinj^ done j^ood .Arctic service, a!j;ain oH'crcd his services to tli(^ Adiin'ralty (May <)tli, Iso'J) ;* and siiliniitteil n plan, Jnodilied from liie last (see ault', .Novendji'r lo, iSol) : lie says, '* Dr. -Uae, having made extensive progress in the ijuarler 1 then proposed to visit, I woidd suggest au alteratinn ol" toy route, so that it may endiracu the \v<'steru side of Wollaston Land, upon which somi> traces might be found of Sir John l^'ranklin's party, or of ('apt. CoUinson's ships." This plan is in the right direction. \Ve extract the following very remarkable passage from " Xau- tical Magazine." t It occurs in one of the letters of that tiohh'- hearted oHiccr, ('apt. Fitzjanies, and first appeared in a [taper caUed tl>e Leoilrr, \u ISoli. "At dinner to-day (June 7th, IS !•')), Sir John giive us a pleasant account of his expectations of being aide to gel tiiroiigh liie ice on llie roast of America, and his disbelief in tlie idea tliat there is an open sea to the northward." We do notipioie the above extract from the " Xaulical .Magazine " w ilhout astoiiislunent and shame, mingled with feebngs of tlie (h-cpest regret, that sucli an im])ortant docinneid should have bi-en pi'rmitted to remain so hjug in secret, unknown to the world. JIad this rei'ord of the latest views and opinions of Sir John l'"ranklin been made fiooner Known, what ha[)py conse(|uenccs might have followeil! W'l' should never have heard of the predilections and intentions ascriiied to that great and good man; ]u-edilections and intentions wholly ad- verse t(t the plan of Sir John Harrow, his own Insti-uctions, and liis own recorded opinion in lS;iG (see atilf, p. 22), — in short, the mania in favour of the Wellington Channel, and the route by th<' north, would have been denuded of its chief support. Ii was but barejustice to l*'ranl\lin's name, whi'U mntives were attributed to him so contrary to his real views and opinions, that this important letter should have been instantly maih' known to the public generally, and to the Admi- ralty particularly. We cannot believe a letter of ('apt. I'it /.James's, and one of such consecpieiice, (jt-ariiif/ so much on tlie dirrrtion Jor iiffrr sftiyrli. would have beiMi unnotii'cd there, but the '• tulrnt " was '' /liil in thcwrt/i,'" and produced nothing! Who can say what might not have rcsulti'd by making these views and ojiinions of iM-ankliu * Si'i- I'arliiimontai-y Pmimm'!', No. S2, " .\ivUc Expedition, iSoli," p. 77. t St-o " ^'autical Magiumo, ibo'd," [>. KiO. ' f ■ i; If ■) 1-) >( ■ 1 . 1 > i i'j 2.ji. PLANS OL' SKARCU rOU Slil .lOIIV KIIAVKI.IN, known ? how niiicli anxioty iiiid piis|)( have all tno niiu-li n'asdii to dread has hi'lallfii tlir dai'iuL,' ulllccrs and cri'ws (»1" Die /irr>'/'.i and Ti rror. \)\ i;s early pulilical ion llic withdrawal ol' the ciw ru;i('s of the soiinthiiig siiiiailrons iVmn ("apr Walker and the south-west to the always dnulttfid WelliiiLClou C'liaiMiel and the nurlh might have heeii |ireventeil. On the cdntrary, renewed elh.rt wonid, we doid)t not. Ii:i\t' heeii cuiieentrated in and ahoiit that iniportaid sjjaee hetweeii Tape Walker and IJaiiks' Land, to which .'"'ir JdIui [■'caiiklin was so speciallv directed, and tlu' result might have heen the restoration oi" our ill-l'ated countrymen to I'aig- land and their desolate homes. The a[)at hy, snpinenoss, or ignorance, call it which we >vil|, from whichever cansc, is deeply and lastingly to he dei)lored. We have always considered it (piestionahh' whether Fraidilin ever attcmpti'd tin northe'-u mute; and it' he ilid. we have strenuously argued, ii ivdf' not Inj Ihe H'cllini/fon Clniiinrl, Inil lii/ one of the irciilrni jxf.ssf/t/nf of llic I'lirri/ (Iroiij), eastward ot" Melville Island: hut there was no evidence 1o |)r(ive that he attem[)ted the iinrth at all ; and as to the Welliu!;ton ( 'haniiel, the evideuci-, though negative, was all against it. /htf here ht Imvc irri//ni /irodj' Ihnf he van not ill /'(iron)' of the iiorlhcni rimtc. Imf that (f Amrrird, thcilirec- fioii of his Lust rv ft ions. After reading this letter of ('apt. l-'itzjanics, recording l-'raiddin's real views ai. ' opinions, of what value isre tlit> opinions of the advocates for the Wellington ("hannel, and the mute hy the north? that chivalrous, gallant olllcer's letter, dated January, is I."), wherein he says, " I am Wv going north, edifjng north-west (see aiitr, p. (!(')), was (pioted and paraded on all occasions, in support of their Ttopiaii notion, that l''rankliii had ado])ted the northern I'onte hy the AV^ellington Channel ; it was even s\igm'sted that he himself would he iniluenced, regardless of the plau and his Instructions, hy this opirnon of ('apt. Fitzjames, AVhat now hecomes of all their arguments hy which th(>y gave "to airy nothing a local hahitation and a name" ? Their chief support gone, their gossamer-weh tissues of specious prohahilities falls sainshes into thin air: so nuich for the opinions for search hy the " We'liuLrton Channel, .Jones's Sound, and the great Sound \\\ the head of liailiu's Hay " ! .Again we say, these visions, visions now mnuhered with the dreai'is of tin; past, hy (!"awing attention from the south-west (Midville Sound) to AVcl- liugton Chiuniel and lh(> noi'th, disirai-ted men's miuds from the oidy true direction of search to a quarter having neither re.ason juor promise in ita favour; in short, sought for the Franklin FiXpe- ( I I I ,;') 1)U. n\E — COM.MANDI.U JXOM.FIELD. 255 rjDL''- (lllion i)i a uro)i(j and not in the r'njlit direction, lleucc wc (U'ploiv 1 licii' loss. I)f. Ji;!(>, wlio liiid n'tiinicil to Eiii^land, 3UstO(l to the Adniinilty, .riiiK' 2!)tli, l.s">2,* '-tlic oxpcdicMcy ul" sriidiiiij; a lioat K.\])('dil'')i), via tlie ('d by Capt. JJeatson via Hehring's Straits. That Ivvpedition havini; from some cause been abandoned, she was oll'ered to the Admiralty as a ^ii't; conditionally that she should be sent ni)on the service for which s! e was ei|uip]H'd. The Admiralty liavin^' declined the oiler, Lady l"'ranklin oll'ered the Lsahcl to Commander i"]. A. In^ieiicld, "on con- dition that" he "should carry her by whatever route may ap[)ear most likely io obtain information of the missing Ex[»edition." f Tlicse conditiouH that gentleman accepted. AVe ought to add here, Commander luglelield had already volunteered six times for Ar'-tic ser\ ice ; J "and being one," he says, "(»f that luuneious party who cousi(h'r that Fraidviin is to be foinul, or, at all events, to bi' followed ; ♦ I * Scc! rarliauicntary I'api-rs, No. ^:J, ".Vniic 1''\jii'(litiii)i, Is.'i'," p. 72. t y /<(./., p. a:j. X Sec Introduction to "A SunuiuT .^canli lor Sir John rruukliu," by Com- luaudor E. A. ln-;lcUcUl, K.2v., i^). viii. lo \ii. 2.10 I'l.AXs or sr.AiK'U rot; siu jouy ni.WKLiy. Ity I lie same jiatli he liail pursued, llii.s was too Icniptiii;:; an opportunity to bo lust." .\l'tt'rallii(Iin'j;1iiSir Ivlwanl Ht'lclicr'si^ipiatlrou, llicu out, auil llic iiiipo.siliilitv ol' liis iiialu'ni,' a tmii' in t lio (lircct iou of '• iSuiith's ami .l(ini'.>'s .SDiiiul.i allxit a [lai't coiisiciiTril In in.auy well worthy nt" iiii|uiry, as bring one to wliicii it was well ivuowii (":') Sir .lolm J'Vaiilxiin's atli'Utiou liad Iit'cu soiuoliiucs dirt', 'ted," — ho says, " Tho west coast of Haliin's JJay also appeared to lue to desorvo more serious allentioii; for thdunh we may I'ojeil thi- story of the mate of tiio JiciiordliiiH as to the eharaeter nf the vi'.-sels seen on t!i(,' travelling iceherg, still it is a part of the hay whor:' l''ranl\liii might have met w ith an aecidenl on his homeward voyage." C'oiiimaniler lugleiield thus lays down his route: "My lirst ol)jet't was to entleavoiM' to reach Whal'o', Smith's, and .loues's Sounds; . . aiul having ex- amined those soiuids, Lavs, iidels, or whatever they may turn out to he, . . 1 would then proceed down the western side of iJallin's Hay. t'xploring the shores as far south as Lahi'ador. . . if ohliged to winter, to the uorthwar ilof L ioicaster Soun d, n lope. (lurnig the spring, to he enaliliil t(» coMununicate with t he (Joverinncnt s(piad- ron, as well as to make a cariliil search and u'ciieral sur\ey of all the And this, should I he unsuccessfid A\ (leei) inlets ci f \\: imu s liav. the great ohjects of my undertakiui:, would euahle me to add largely to our geographic knowledge of that region, and to set at rest for ever the )inicli-ve\ed ipiestion of the entrance into the (ireat I'oliil* Hasin thi'ongh the so-ealled Smith's Sound." I'nder any other circumstances than the searcli for l^'ranklin. we should have gladly hailed the chivalrous conniiander who would ha\o undertaken siu-h an ii\leresting voyage on his own account; hut as it offers, to our huinhle view, not a chance of rescuing the nn'ssiiig K\- pedition, we cannot hut regret that the daring and euergv of such an olllcer as Commander Inglelield should he thus thrown awav in a wholly wrong direction. 'I'h(> soinids indicated hy him have no placi' in l'"rankliu's Instructions, and have oidy become invested with inte- rest in proportion as Wellington Chainid and the Polar Sea liave .swelled into importanc(>; hut. as we ha\e said ag;iin and again, where .are the proofs that I'l-anklin ever attempted the north at all? AVe say thus nnich regarding the chances of search for l'"raid-.lin bv the sound.s of BairnTs Hay; but. \ iewed in ji geographic sense, wo cainiot but iwpress how nnich we admire the daring and intrepidity that would attempt to lay down those extensive, remote, and desohito shores, that ballled even a .latlin (Kilti). We could not but wish Coiu- mander Inglcliehl success. Hmbarked iti the huLcl was the talented ! Mn. WIT.I.I.VM KENNEDY. 257 Dr. Sulliorhuul,* already known for his scientific tastes : ^rossrs. Alicnu'tliy and jNIanson, all well known in "Arctic circles;" tMo iitlicr cIio(pe, Il.N., September 30th, IS.jijt oll'cred his services to the Admiralty: — " Sliould any further search or assistance be intended to be rendered to Captain Collinson's Expe- dition in I3ehrinL;'s Strait," and "should it be considered practicable to send a steam-vessel by the channel betweeu S|)itzbergen and Nova Zembla, a project which, from Mv. Petermann's data," he says, "I cannot but look npon as being more likely to succeed than any other route hitherto traversed, I should be gratified beyond measure by being employed in that direction." C'oiinnander TroUope then cites " J3arentz, in the sixteenth century, some whalers in 1750, Sir Edward Parry and JJarou Wrangrll, — all seem," he adds, " to point to this route as being both practicable and desirable." This oilicer "was with Captain Ivellctt during three voyages to JJehring's Strait." It is a great pleasure to observe that J']ngland ncvc>r wants for expi'rienced ollicers, however perilous the service. We have already noticed the plan of jNIr. Pi'termann's, and, however we might desire to see its prac- ticability tested, still wc consider the lives of one hundred and thirty- live men too valuable to be risked on the chance of its succeeding. Again, it is doubtfid whether the Franklin Expedition ever adopted a route by the north for the completion of the passage. Information was now received of the safe arrival of Lady Franklin's vessel, the Prince Albert, at Aberdeen. Mr. AV'illiam Kennedy, the commander, in a letter to the Adniiralty (October 9th, 1S52), reports, •■' The Vrinee Albert wintered at iJatty Bay, Prince IJegent's Inlet." It will b(^ recollected (see ante, p. 175), the object of this voyage was the examination of that inlet, and the passages (if any) eonmuuiicating with the western sea south-west of Cajjo Walker, the direction in which Franklin was ordered (then a blank on our charts) ; for all that had bei-n d(me in that direction (although six years had elapsed) was merely the examination of the northern and western shores of Xorlli Somerset to hit. 72° 3S' X., by Sir -lames Itoss. It \\■{\i^ known that Au.stin and Ommaney, I'einiy and De Haven, v/ero working to the norili and west of them, but (if tlieir movements they knew nothing. On -March 20th, ls.j2, Mr. Keinie.ly, LiiMit. BeUot, of the French * Already noticed nr* the antiior of " The .To\irii;il of C'aiitiUii Penny's \'oynge, 1850-51." t ."Sue i'urlianicnt.wy Pnper, No. i)2, " .Vi-eln' Expedition, 185:i," i>. 71. Ifi lii 258 I'LAxs or si:aiic'ii roii siii joiin puanklin. if! < m Navy, niul party, ])i'oc('cdo(l on tlicir oxtondcil journey. At "Brcnl- ford Bay, . . Iiciv we," s^ayw Mr. Kt-iiiu'dy,* " loimd an opcnin;.' niniiiii;^ ill a fj;ont'ral course of about soutli-wt-yt and noiMli-cast, of about lit'tcH'u miles, to Ca|)e IJird, On atlaiiuug (.'a|)e liird, crossed a bay of some twenty-live ndles in widtli, when we struck a low-lyiui; beaeli, and pursueil our course on it over fi;entle undulations in a said to have been taken by I'Vanklin, that we nnist refer to the more detailed ae«'ount of it ; and this we have in Mv. Kennedy's Heport to Lady J-'ranklin (dated October 10th, IS52) ;t he there enters more fully on the subject of the strait or straits discovered by himself and Lieut. Hellot : — '".April (ith beinu; devoted to the examination of the western shore of JJrent- ford Ray, was the day not only of our comin^j; on new ji;round, b\it of the discovery of a passatj;*' leadinj^ to the western st'a. On the pre- vious eveniiii,', while marching westward, and after ronndin<^ the southern extremity of Mrowii's Island, it gave intimation of its exist- ence by an unusual and dcMise mass of Ya])our which then concealed the channel, and out of which it was issuing. On ai)proaching the locality on this day, the vapour was found to arise from an open space of water at the western entrance of the ])assage, extending about a mile in h'nglh, and having a width e(|iial to the channel itself, wliii'h might be about two miles. Its current was variously estimated at from four to six miles an hoiu'; whilst the fact of its bearing on its surface heavy masses of ice o\' at least three feet in height abovi' the level of the water, ga', (> undeniable evidence of its di'pth. These masses of ice, at ditfereut states of the tide, were noticed going north- east on one side of the channel, before a strong south-west wiiul. ;nid in mid-channel, as wtdl as on the opposite shore, forcing their way agaiu.st it at the same rapid rate. . . Some four or live miles to the * .St'i' I'lirliainoiitiirv I'lijici^, No. 82, ^i. '2o. t Jl'id; i>. -iO .\rit. wir.r.iAM ki;nni;i)v. 250 WhK'll iitc'il at (111 lis OVC tlll3 TIU'M' iKirtli- iiil. Mild •ir \\;iy ito the u-fstof thin, a soruiul open space t)t' watiT jjivsioiitcil ildi-lf. It. was imi (if the saint' extent as the lirsl, Imt sei-iiu'tl, like it. In he Kipl ii|irii I'lciin its b»'iiii^ lurcfil tliroiitili tlu' iimst eoiitraclfd parts of tlic cliaiiinl, siu'h coiitraetions beiui; greatest at botli tliesc (i[)('ii points. The most eoiiuuaniliiig view that eoiilil be obtained of tlie ciiaiinel ahinf^ tlio Honth shore, was from tlie sinnniit of a lofty hill (one of a ehain), midway between the extremities, whi'iiee it was seta niiinin;^' its entire extent in a soiith-west and north-east direetion for about twelve miles, when it nnited with the we.-^lcrn sea, sumewliat to tiie .wnlh aa well as vant of t'ape liird ; thus presentiii;^ a t'oinieetiiii,' linl; between that «m and Jteffcnt Inlet. To the oast, JtegenI lidet could be iii- distinetly seen over thi; islands in Brentford iJay, thronu;h the li;,^lit haze that was snspeiuled over it; whilst to the itrst, ir/itri' no siirli ciirtfiiii r.ristn/, ire nair with fijiiul r/ctir/irss ntd timt Itnul, tlie Juniirr hdviiKj tut ((jiKii't'iit n'iiltk of (tl)unt tliirtij milrs. nnniin;/ north mid south ; and the latter, scr.iiiii'ili/, nnilid J'lirtJitr north irilh ll,,- Imiil on which u'c stood, and stri'tehin,'.j southward until it was cither lost in the distance, or ob.scured by the lia/e over which tlii' sun was siis- peiuK'd. . . It is probnlile that this is but one of other ehaiMiels in the neii^hboiirhood leadiii*^ to the west,— at least 1 was led to this sui)i)osition from secinj^ several narrow lanes of ice runniii;; anion;; the liills from the west to the east, though they could not be traced continuously on account of the interveniii!.,' elevations. This opinion was strengthened when, on returning to our camp, I. foiuul JM. Ui'llot had also discovered a narrow channel leading to the west. " On the 7th, having decided on following the northern channel, we set out from Brentford Hay, and reaching the extr(>iiie west |ioint of the passage by the eml of the day, were not a little disappitinted at tindiiig the sen before us, which we had hoped might. ])erhaj)s, provi^ continuous with the opening between I'ape Wallvcr ami Cape Ibiiiiiy, terminated f/pjiarcntli/ in a luti/ on uiir north. This led us to doubt oiu" estimated distance, and (not li;.\ing the [)o\\er of (IcteriiK.'iiiig our position astronomically) whether we had not luistaken a prolonga- tion of Mreiitibrd Bay for this new sea. it was not until the evening of tiie loth (after camping on the Sih ami Dili, in siicti'ssion, on the lloe, before we succeedeil in leaching the westi-rn land), that wi- wci'e assiiiH'd of our discoNcry. W'e hail, in fact, comv out at tlir nor/hern CA'trriniti/ of the I'irforin Stroit oj' /A"-, and our wfslern land proves to be the Prince of Wales' hand of Ommaney." 'flie party cniit inucd to travel west until they had I'l'aclud sonu'wlr.'re about lOU' \V., " when feeling assured . . that the \ cry low-1} ing laud over which i 2M I'l.AN.S or sr.AIJCll IdU SMI .lOllV ll.VWKI.IV. we lind passed . . must Imvc been inistakcM l>v Sir .liiincs K'oss i'>r a western sea; we resolved to walk up to Cajie WalUer, as well to ascertain wlietlier any elianiiel esisted liefweeii us and il, liy wliieli Sir Jolm I'ninkliii eoidd have Iteeii led into the lieUl assij^ned lor oiu' search, an to lind out whether he had left any inleHii;enee there." 'I'lu'y then directed their course "due north, when u succession of lol'lier hillrt than anv " they " had vet seen on this new land, induced " them "to turn eastward," until they reached "the western shore of . . IVel lidet, ahout 7.'J' N.; " they ascended hy its wt'stern hide to Cajie Walker (without discoverinjjf ()n\inaney'H cairn), ami then hent their steps to Whaler J'oint, and on to llie vessels at IJatty Hay. Kveu this report does not satisfy us. The (pie>lion at issue is, In iVr/".s' Suuitd closfif at the lioUnin or iivf t Ilrvittixr in tin nolulion are invoiced iikiii// in'if//ifi/ iiijrrnicru, trni t/ir jtrnhnlilc fusi- lion of the Fi'iiu/ilin J'Jxix-ililioii iliilf, heui.-i' we WA it imperative to avail ourselves of all the information exist intj. Neither of the com- n\unioations before (pioted are over clear in their description of what was really «een. We shall therefore refer to Mr. Kennedy's '' short narrative" of this voyai^'e,* and also to the "journal " kejjt hy liieiit. .1. Kene liellot, of the Kre. .-h Navy.t who uaa the companion of Mr. Kennetly at the time. iMr. Kennedy says: J — "A|)ril oth. Shortly afterwards, we arrived at a rising' ground, from which Brentford Hay, with its numerous islai\ds, could be dis- tinctly seen and recoji;nizi'd, from Sir tlohn Ross's description. About three o'clock \>.w\. we <'am(! to the entrance of the bay; and, on roundin<;f the north point, struck for a conspicuous island a few miles within the entraiu-e (Hrown'.s Island of Sir.lohn Koss), beyond which a (h'use eohnnn of vapoin* was issuing?, apjiareutly from some open chaiun'l of water. Camped on the north side of the island at si.v o'clock, p.m. "U(h. The remainder of the day wa.s devoted to the examination of linntford Hay in two parties, M. Hellot and John Smith jj;ointjj southward, and Adamson and myself northward, in the direction of the column of vapour observed yesterday. On cominj; up to il, we * Sl'c " A Sliort Narnitivp of the Second Voyage of the Pnuce Albert, in peartli of Sir,Ioliii Franklin," l)y W iiliiiin Kcnmch. Dalton, 1803. t Si'c "Journal d'un Voyai^c aux ^Iits I'olairos, cxi'cuto a la Rochcn-lic tU' Sir Jolni Franklin, en 1S5I ot 1K5-'," i)ar .J. 11. IKllot (Paris, Tcrrotin, IH.'it) ; aK... "Monioi.: .:•'■ Lieut. J. U, Bellot, willi liis Voyage in the Polar Seas in Searcli of Sir Jolm Fi:..iklin," 2. voU., Ilin-st anil lUaekett, 1855. X Seo " A Sliort Narrative oftiie Second Voyage of the Prince Albert" jj. 130. Mil. \vn,M.\\r KKNNIvUV. 201 l.dSl- ^liorl I<1, oil s- mill's wliirli ,' (ipcu ill (six iiialioii t^uiiii» 1(11111(1 il tit issiu' iVoiii a Hjtace of wntor, cxti'mliiip for upwards of a mile ill 1ciil,MIi, iiloiiL; ;i I'liainu-I Icadiiii^ wcstwanl, tliat uiij;lit liavc an avcnif^jf lnvadtli of alioiil two iiiilcs. About four inili'8 fuillifr up, a Hccoiiil pif(v of water was iliscovcicd, with ])i(M'i's of loose iec lIiiMtiii;; liiroiiLjIi it, earricd iiji and down liv tlie tirjc. Kroni u liij^di hill ill tin- iiiii.;hhoui'ln)od, I could plainly distiii;;ui.sh it sea n/rr/c/iiiK/ irfufiiuin/ /() /HI vstiinalriJ (linliiiicr nf nlioi/f f/iir/i/ iiiili'ti, with the I'hamicl lhr(iui;li which we had coiue ^o far apparently h'tnliiii/ info if. Other passages, or \\hat. seemed to he passages, we also ohserveJ ruiiiiiiii; amon!j;st the hills to the southward, but 1 was unable lo trace their eoMiiect ion, . . whether they were in reality channels or inlets. On arriviuL,' at thi' eiicam|)inent, we found M. Bellot and .lohn Smith returned, who i'e[)orled haviii}^ likewise disc(i\cri'd a passa'j;e Icadini,' westward. "7tii. Started early, and tonk the northeni channel, . . ami coiitinueil aloiiLi; it until six p.m., when we reached its western extre- mity, a distance of imt less than twenty miles, includiiiL,' its various windings. I'Voiu a hit,di hill nciir mw encampment at tliis spot, ut) oltxri'i'iil II hriiiiil vIkiiiiiiI nniiiiiii/ iiorfli-iiorth-i'iist inul .suiif/i-noiif/i- irrsf, true ( vai'iat ion, 1 10°), which was at first taken for a continua- tion of Hrcntfoi'd Miiy. until its <,"i .it extent convinced us that we had falh'ii i loii n irrstmi .sni or r/nnniil, and that the passaij;e we had just Ljoiie thron'.jh was in reality a .v//v^/7 h m/iiii/ mif (>/' Prijiir luijriif'n Inlet (named Hellot's Strait), 'flic wi'stern sen, into which the channel ii[)ens, wc have ascei'tained ^ince our return to be ihv norf/irni r.vfrniiifi/ of I'icloi'ia Ulrnit, [uirtially explored by l)r. l\ae from another direction. The hill on which we stood was probably a ])ortion of the hiL';li land seen from Sir .lames Ross's farthest in isl!), and retains, therefore, the iianu! of Cajie Bird, }^iven to it by that distiu'^uished oHu'cr. . . On the south side of the entrance of the channel is another conspicuous headlr.nd, to which 1 j;;ive the name of Cape IFodLxkin. . . ilavin^j; satisfied ourselves that we wi-ro now upon the west side of North Somei-set, it became a (piestiou hoio /iir fill- srii or chiiiuirl /ir/'orr ns iiiiijlif jirorr roiifiiiiioiis iritli the opni' iini Jiiiil ilovii nil fhi' (Inirt hrtirrcii Ciijir W'lilhir iiinl Ciipr Iliniiiif. We had arrived at a point where . , the future direction of our I'oule must be rri-o! ri)ugh ice on each side appearing as if lodged l)y the tide. Ave iiiierred the existi'uce of a cnrrent running north and south. AVhether this current is derived from Prince licgent's Inlet tliniugh I'n'llot Si rait, or from the inlet between Cape IWdker and Caj)e Jiunnii, through any passage or passages that may lead out of it. is a question of which we had no means of obtaining a satisfactory solution. " 10th. Abont noon we reached the AACst side of the chaniiel, and found the land so low, as scarcely to be distinguished from the Hoc we had been travelling over the last two days. "21st. We had reached a litth' beyond the 100° AV. witlK)nt any indications of app-'oaching tlie sea. Ik'ing now satisfied that Sir .James Koss had . . mistaken the very low and level land . . for a Aves^crn sea, 1 felt no longer justilied iii continuing a westerly course.* . . I determined to direct our course northward." Thus far INIr. Kennedy's iiarrative. It will be seen at one time he speaks positively of a continuous barrier of land uniting tlie western coast of yorth Somerset n-ith the eastern coast of Prince of Wales' land, therebg showing the northern limits of the Victoria Strait of Jiae, and that it does not communicate with J-ceVs Sound to the tio'-th, and, as a conse(]uence, that Franklin could not have jatssed down that sound witii the hope of getting to the south and west. * >io i'iirliaiiiiiitarv I'liptr.-j No. lo7, " Arclio tixpidition," IHJO, p. Gi'. LIEl'T. HELLOT. 2G3 SI ill, liocausc he did not travel over tliis land, ho scemg to doubt, and does not <;ive il u ])liiee on Lis luap ; auu jjcl so sironrj are liis eon- vic/ioiis- that no navi(/<(hlc passiu/c exists, that he alliTs the course of the Exi^ctlition enlriiahd to his char(jc from the south to the west. At this time we had nuieh questioned the eomu'etion or the con- tiuiiation of a passage bi'tweeu Peel's Souud and Victoria Strait ; wc thought f.ieut. Jjpowne's report and (iiiuler Onimaney) obser- vations cin-ew a doubt u])on it ; but now, joined hi/ Mr. Kcnncdfs report, we considered it conclusive ; not that we ever thought that iM-anklin passed down it, even if open, but for other reasons, which will apj)ear liercaftcr. We will now refer to Lieut. Eellot's journal. This gallant young oll'icer (amiable and truthful as he was gallant) ])ossessed considerable siientific acquirements, and l;ad charge of tho aslnmoiiiical instruments, and, moreover, " kept a journal, which ho wrote up every evening, and tiierefore on the spot."* "7th April. t AVe set out on the route taken by Mr. Kennedy yesterday, and we find on our way. besides the principal piece of water, two smaller ones. . . A, noon mc reached an inlet jj(">'^)^;2- dicular to the neneraJ direction u-e have hither fullowed. . . Goiniiing trwartls which Ave are niarchhif>;. We resolve to persist in the same direction, otherwise wc might I'aiig " the whole outline of the bay Avithout lindiug the passage we are in search of. . . I ob- serve, too, that wc are much more to the Avest than the coast marked on the chai't at the bottom of the bay. . . Vtc halt at noon to take the latitude (72°, 3'), in a very disagreeable mist, Avhich hides the ground over Avhich Ave are Avalking, and which Ave imagined to be still far off, AA'hen, to our great surprise, and aftcM* only a few minutes' walking, we find ourselves on the beach. "We bear aAvay a little io the south to enter the inlet Ave had in sight yesterday, but the breeze and the drift increase, . . that Ave are forced to halt. " 12tli. ^Vc traverse the little bay Ave entered on the 10th, after a course of about three miles to the Avest ; and after ascending a very gentle slojje Ave reached ground uniformly flat ; a hillock to the south is the only object that breaks the level. . . AVeather snow}' and ch)udy ; Ave cannot see very far, but Ave advance Avitli pleasure, reckon- ing that to-morroAV avc shall see the coast of that Avestern sea, toAA'ards which Ave have been plodding longer than Ave expected." They persist in a AAcsterly direction. " 20th and 21st.* It seems to us absolutely impossible to reach the Avest coast. . . The distance Ave have traversed AvestAvard, Avhich I have always computed at the loAvest rate, places us more than four degrees from BroAAiic's Islands. . , In any case, it is evident that the sea, fo Ihc nrat of Somerset Land, in closed io the north of Ciipe Bird, and that the best Avay is to make straight for the north, Avhere Ave must, soon or late, come upon the coast. Hitherto I hoped that Sir James lloss Avas right in his conjectures, but there can be no doubt now that he Avas mistaken.f . . He examined the country : ' The clearness of the day,' he says, ' AA-as remarkably favourable ; and the Avhole land, being verv elevated, coidd be seen to a distance of a hundred miles.' Xoav the lands avc haAT passed oA'cr are so flat that Ave often took them for the sea itself, and couid only give up that idea when Avo had ocular proof to the contrary. . . The islands he marks on the map, a little to the north of us, would, in that case, be the several hills avc have seen, or high lands, still more to the north, Avhich Ave ccmld not distinguish." Capt. Kennedy now consulted 31. liellot and the Avliole party, " whether, 1st, to continue a Avesteru course for one day more ; 2ud, to retrace to Brentford Bay, . . * " ^Memoirs of Lieut. -T. Item' liillot," Eii;i;lisli tnui-l;iUoii, vol. ii., ]i]). lll,>-7. t ixr llluo IJouks, No. 107, '•Ar.tic l':.\iK'diliiiii, 1S50," p. (i2. LIEUT. BELLOT. 205 x'strru 105-7. niul to proceed ovorlaucl to the magnetic pole, or to Cape Elizabeth ; yrd, to make for Cape AValker." Tin' first proposition was adopti'd. Jk'llot then says, " As Capt. Kennedy asks us all for onr opinions, J. took the opportunity, this evening, fully to explain mine ; which would be, move north-east in the hope of meeting tlie sea as soon as ])ossible. Capt. Kennedy desires to get north, that we remain on land, and on snow, which is less dangerous to the sledges. . . To this I reply, that if Sir John Franklin's Expedition penetrated to the hoffom of' this ciil do sac, we sliall lind traces of its passage ou the coast, and not in the interior. "9th June.* To my surprise, Capt. Kennedy this day comuumi- cates to me an idea which must have sprung up in his mind the 'ast few days ; namely, that we crossed Brentford Bay the very day wo thought we encamped at its entrance and on the north coast ; that is to say, that we encamped at tlie bottom of tlie bay, crossed next day the narrow isthmus which divides Somerset and Boothia Eelix, and that the sea traversed by us on the Stii and 9th of April is the sea of Sir James lioss, to the west. . . Looking over the entries in my journal from the Gth to the 9th of April, I see that the lands ed'lendi'd all round us; to the north, west, and south they were low, and were seen a very long way. IJ.euce, admitting that we crossed Brentford Bay on the 5th, one thing still remains unexplained, viz., the land to the north; that is to say, conncctinff Somerset ivith the irestern lands. Capt. Kennedy forgets this, and declares— 1st, That Somerset is an island; 2nd, That there is a passage between liegent's Inlet and the western sea; 3rd, That the sea runs without interruj)- tion from Cape Walker, or Somerset Island, to the magnetic poh'. I do not think I can suhscribe to this last proposition ; and, as to the tiro others, I ean only affirm them as jfrohahilities. Tiiis does not oatisfy him ; but I am fully resolved, liappen what may, never to support, ly my assent, what I am not sure of AV'e ditl'cr also, as to some details ; for the route traversed on the 0th, which 1 believe to have been on two lines of an angle, he now affirms to have been in a right line, but westward instead of south-south-west and west- north-west, as the compass showed me. He trusts to his memory for hours, directions, distances, and the various details of a journey ; and is not pleased that 1 will admit notliiny on the authority of his ■niemoiv/, or my own, after a lapse of tiro montJis ; aiul that, for the de- tails (f this nature, I prefer relyiny on the journal I l-ept rryulurly, * "Mi'iiioiis of Liout. J. U.c\w IMlut," l!:ii,7li^li Iraii-latioii, vol. ii., p. 'i68. mmmmm 2(i(5 I'LANS Ul' .SDAllCII YOU Sill JOHl* FnAMCMX. (tnil lo'ola up cvrrji rrriiiiif/.^'* Very f'ortiinalfly for nic, llicro iiro imanswn'nlilc [jfools, lliat, at nil cvciilslio waited ratlier lout,' Ix'toiv lu> c'liaiif,'C(l Iiis ()|)ini(iii ; and of llioso jjroot's tlio l)ost are — 1st, 'Hiat avo ii/nrrd ircslii'iii'il ir/irii ire oii(/Jit to liave (/one soiiZ/i, had he lirliccfd ttl Ihdl rune llnil f/n'.s mis imnsihlc ; Uiid, Tlio name of (rriiinell (I'eel's Sound r) Inlet, which shows tlie persnasion he was under, \\\) to Cape AVallt." This galhnit young olliccr seems to have felt very keenly these changes of (>pinions : — "1 unfortunately consented to make some indispensable observations; and peo[)le will naturally consider me as liaving had charge of these observations, imagining that I was appointed io that duty.t . There is no reckoJiing on tlie jiocket chronometer we had with us ; conseiiuently, our longitudes can only be estimatcnl, otherwise there woulil have been an arhitn tor between our dill'erences of opinion." Their chronometer was allowed to stop at Vary Beach ; their artificial horizon was accidentally broken ; and their ci mpasses slept, from their near vicinity to the magnetic pole. Xo w(nider, then, that he says, " Our labour has produced no results." Happily there is no one, however he may regret the pau- city of determined positions, but will at once aci[uit this active, talent(Hl young ollicer. Contiually does he regret the want of neces- sary instruments for tlii^ piu'pose. Pt)or fellcnv! he was fully aware of the necessity of verifying observations, to sustain the facts that came before their eyes, so easily deceived in this region, and that they would be expected from him, although it was said, " We are not here to make scientific oJiservdtions, hut researches." Here we would ask. But for the sound observations made by this intelligent young man, of what value woidd have bciMi the results of this voyage ? Let those who read the journals of 31 r. Kennedy and Lieut. Eellot judge. However, * It is said this diHerence of opinion did not contiiiiio ; but vvc cannot see how it I'ould he ivcoiicilcd with Mr. Kenncdv's Ecport from uiomoiy : we must give our faith to I\I. Dcllot's dai/i/ written journal. t " ^Miauoir." of Limit. J. Ilcne Bellot," Plnglisli trnnslation, vol. ii., p. 272. CAl'T. (iMM.VNKY 207 we can nvrivc nihi at our rciirli/sioii, I'cuiultHl on tlu united tcsli- nionv (if botli Kcniicdv iuiil Jjclldt. Liivcn on tiiosixit, but iuoih' lii-iulv (k'toriniiiL'd by Jiirut. Hidlot, wliicli in, l/ntf the Vicloria St rail of J)r. lv;io is cloncit to lilt' north //// coiiUhkoxk la)uL rxtvinVincj fro)n Cupr Jiird round fij Ihv north to the west, iiikI Joining the Prince of Wi'lrx'' lAtniloJ'Cii))t, Oniniftnri/, and tlicri'l'oro has no communication with FecVs Sound. Other considerations — the absence of tidal marks, &c., go to corroborate this conclusion. As we have said before, this (luestiou involves other and very important considerations, regarding the move- ments, probable ])ositIon, and th(! disravelnieut of the mystery hanging over the fate of the I'^ran ilin Expedition; but to this sub- ject we shall have occasion to advert again at a future time. IntelligtMiC(> was received, by the Prince Alhcrt, from the Evpedi- tion under Sii- Edward Belcher. AW the ships had arrived satcly at IJeechey Island on the 10th and llth of August, IS.'ji', Having a favouralile s(>ason, with open water, Sir Ivlward, in the Ansifstancc, accompanii'd by the Pioneer, Coiiimand(>r S. Osborn, ])roceeded up A\^'ltington Channel on the llth of August. Captain Kellett, in tiie liesolute^ \\'\\\\ the Intrepid, Connnaiuler j\l'Cliutock, saiK'd in the dir(>ction of INlelvilU' Island on the loth ; and IJr. ^M'Cormick, in couuiiaud of a boat party, proceeded up Wellington Channel, to examine Bai'ing Ba\', &.Q., on the lOth of August. Captain Erasmus Onmianey, K.X., already so well known for the admirable maimer in which he conducted Cai)tain Austin's south- west division from Cape Walker, now (2S;th ()ctol)er, lSo2)* sub- mitted a proposition to his Grace the Duke of Xorthumberland, the object of which Avas " to undertake an Expedition for the purpose of reaching the North Pole from Hpitzbergeji." Captain Ommancy says: "To explore the North Pole appears to he an object which this country is bound in honour to prosecute, and should be under- taken before other nations make the attempt to accomplish it." He then proceeds to give the facts known, and his reasons for thinking it practicable. Keferring to the route proposed, "between Nova Zembla and Spit/bergen," he says, "This direction might also be explored by the same Expedition, in the event of the travelling par- ties meeting with the saiiu.' obstacle which Parry encountered, though I am of opinion tliat during the early part of the year the Polar ice is not in motion." This plan has a purely scientific object, and makes no reference to the long missing Franklin Expedition ; but the views it gives are collaterally valuable, as atfording data for the * Slv i'arliiiinc.it.u-y J'^iju'r, No. Si', " Arctic Kxpuilition, 1S52," p. 74. ■Mn L>(!8 I'LANS OV Si;.VltCll roil SlIl JOIIN rU.VMvMN. If coiisidcriitidii of tlu; hoiiikIiicss iiml ])ractical)ility ol' oUior plans in lliis (lircdion. How much it is to be rojjfirttcd that the cH'orls ol" tin's excellent ollicer wen; not prolonged in the direction oi' ^Melville tSonnd, so that its entire examination mi^ht have been completed, and the (picstion for ever set at rest whether Fraid^lin had suc- ceeded in getting dowii that sound or not. AV^^e feel assured L'aplain Oiiunaney would have been richly rewarded: ]Mi'lville Sound will yet reveal to some darini^ ("xplorev the secret that still han;^s over the fate of that noble band embarked in the Erebus and Terror. Novendjer 1th, 1S52.* — The Isabel, under Commander Inu;le(ield, K.N., arrived at Stromness, having been only four months away from England, but ii\ this brief period she had ])erformed a voyage inipre- cedented since the time of Parry. Jlappily, it is not length of tim(> that is always required to win a name : in the case before us Com- mander Ingh'iield "won iiis spurs" in four months. During this time he had examined AVolstenholme Sound, the Omenak of the base Adam Eeck ! and AVhale Sound. In this sound hi; discovered two extensivi! inlets, running norlii and nortli-eastward, which he named afti'r Sir ]{. 1. jMurchison and Sir J'raucis Beaufort, lie then pusln'd on to Smith's Sound, and readied hit. 78" 35' >>. ; here he was driven back by a gale, lie uow returned to the southward; and, having followed the western shore of Ballin's Bay, he passed tlirough (ilaeiiv Strait into Jones's Sound, reached long. SI" W. ; when, thick weather having again set in, he I'oturned, by Lady Ann Strait, to Ballin's Bay. He then ascended Lancaster Sound, reached Beechey Island, commu- liicated with the Korfh Star, the depot-ship there, and again ir- tunu>d and ]n'oceeded down the west side of Hallin's Bay, reached lat. (iJJ^ 41/ ^'., when bad weather, and the lateness of the season, compelled him to return to England. During this extended twamin- ation (which includes the discoveiy of (iUO miles of new coast) not the slightest trace of the Eranklin Expedition was detected. This was no matter for siu'prise ; amongst others, we ourselves never thought it at all probable that the missing Expedition would be found in this direction, and we could oidy lament that the energy and daring enter- ])ris(> exhibited by this energetic, diligent oiilcer should thus fruit- lessly be thrown away. The humane object of the voyage^ was alto- gether inisuccessful, but science, es])ecially geogra])hy, was largely enriched : well diil t^jinmaiider Intrlclield bear in mind the words * rarlianicntary Paper, ^'o. S2, "Arctic J'^xpodilion, ]Ko2," p. 35; see also, " Ki'port on the lieturn of tlic Ixahel from tlie Arctic llegioiis," "Journal of the Itoyal Oeographical Society," vol. xxiii., p. 130, el scj. COMMANPEn INOLKFIETJ). 200 'b' ill tliis iX I'litcr- la iVuit- :is !ilt(i- liirii,('ly o wunlri SCO al.-ic, lal ol' the ivr that the Eoyal Geographical Society should hasleii to recognize his merits. A joint letter wat addressed, December 12th, lS.")2,t to hi.s (irace the Duke of >«orthund)erland, signed l)y its I'resident, Sir R. 1. ^rurchisDii, anil the Earl of Ellesmere, one of the vice-presidents, in whiclij after enumerating th(> important services rendered to geography by this distinginshed oUicer, they strongly reconniiend him for reward. The ]{oyal (Jeograpliical Society suh- seipiiMitly awarded to Commander Ingleiield their gold " A'ictoria ]Me(lal." The hydrographer, Sir Francis JJeaufort, making ;:. Jieport of this important Arctic voyage, J concludes it in these words, '' A 11 this has bei'U performed in four months, and all accomplished witiiout tlio di-awhack of a single accident ; every obstacle has been overcome by liis p(!rscvering energy, and every vain temptation resisted by his singleness of purpose ; altogether JbDii'uir/, in my cslimatiou, one of I lie inoii't ej-traonJ'niai'ij voijaijes on record.'' The Admiralty, too, in a letter, December 20th, 1852,§ to Commauder Ingleiield, "acknowledge with satisfaction the enterprise and energy . . displayed in" his "late research. . . Your endeavours to discover traces of tho missing Expedition have not been rewarded with success," but "they do credit to yourself," &c. "We remarked one observation in the hotter to liis Grice the Duke of Northumberland that surprised us at the time. Alluding to Com- mander Inglelield's services it says, " He has obtained entirely new data respecting Smith's Souud, which go far to settle tho belief, i/iat Franldin must have taken the route hij WelUnrfton Channel.'' AVo note this only to show how the all-powerf il influence of the Welling- ton Channel mania prevailed at this time ; and to what a confused state the so-called Arctic authorities had I'cduced the question of search ; even the most scientific and the most talented of shore-going folks were drawn aside and into error. Bewitching, but fatal, was the Polynia of AYraugcU ; at this period, it attracted and absorbed all thought, liushing, torrent-like, to the north, it overwhelmed and * " A Summer Search for Sir John Franklin, witl a Tcop into the Polar Basin," by Connnaiuler K. A. Inglcficlil, K.X. t Parlianwntary Tapers, ^'o. 82, " Arctic Expcdit on?, 1852," p. 40. X lLul.,i\ 11. Ihid.,ix 11. 270 I'L.VNH ()!■ SI.MtCir von SMI JOHN I'lt \NK 1,1 \. 'a ■ I Oiirric'd all bot'oro it. Wf lu'vor could ciiinprchciid wliy il shoidd he ill(iU'4lil lliili l''i';iiikliii |);i>si'd lip the Wrllili'4ti»li Cliaiiiicl, i'ol' sound I'casdiis there wei'e none ; il ever a|)|)eiU'ed to ns ii deUision ; and the more i-xtraordiiuiry, lor, iit this very time, when men's minds were absorbed wholly by it, it really was extremely doubt I'nl whether /m hdil (tll('iiii)lc(l II iinri/irni roitlr tif nil. The results ol' Austin's tra- velling' parties to the wi'stward, anilot'l'euny's w\) Welliuj^lou Channel, and now Commander Inj^lofiidd's search of tho sounds in, and espe- cially the "Great Sound at the end of IJallin's I'ay," all went to prove that he had not. All search by tho north W(> cousitler in a ihnhlfnl lUi'cclion, and thai hij Hie IVrlUnr/ton Channel allor/ctlici' in a in'oiiff one. ]\rr. AV". Penny (1th Xovomber, lSo2)* aijaiu oifered his services to the Admiralty, lie sug^.,'osts two |)lans of search, oni" by the way of Hehrinjj;'s Sti-ait, "to taki' the Asiatic shore alonjj; until they pass throufjfh that strait formed by Cape rakau ami that laud seen by AVran!• to pi'iieecil liy tlie .Maclvi'iizic towards IJanUs' Land, . . v'illitr oi' w Kicli tlin possible existt-nee of a \ast continent, pai't of wbieli may lie in Franklin's supposed route, in the unevplori'd |)ortions of tbu I'ular rei^ions, may render of lii'arious o[)inions were formed as to its extent; its icesteni limit iras (/.'•■sii/ucd /() that html said tu liace hceii seen hi/ the natives J'rom Cape Yakan or Jalcai). J[o\v far it extended to the northward was unknown, lis eastern limit was ecpially so; but it was conjectured by I^ieut. Hooper to extend to, and be eonlinuoiis iri//i, JJ'olla.stoa La/id* This is the contiiu.'nt to which that )j;entleman refers. \\ lu'ther the i'ranklin Expedition Avas to the nortli or strnth of it was another point, upon which imaj;ination revelletl. The j,'eneral opinion was that lie was to tlie north, and had pained, by the Wellington Clianiu'l route, largo westing along its jiorthern limit. It is unnecessary lu're to i-epeat our opinions on tlio AVellington Channel and the northern route ; let it be suHicieut to say, not a ^mrticlc of evidence ewinted to j^iruce eitlier. A letter was received at tho Admiralty, dated Ottersberg, near Ih'omen, 22nd Xovember, 1852, from ]Mr. AV. JF. der Griesbaeli.f It seems the Spitzbergeu vessels had returned to Tromsoe, Finmark, and had brought with tliem a great many deer skins, having cuts or slits in their cars. As this was unusual, it was suggested that, in the same manner as Sir James llosa had caused :i number of foxes to be taken alive, and afterwards turned adrift with brass collars round their necks, bearing information where relief might be obtainrd, with the hope that some of them might be caught or shot by the missing Expedition, so it was thought that Franklin might have adoi)ted similar means, " making the local animals (deer) the vehicle of com- munication . . to the world without, that within the dreaiy . . * See tlie Map appcmlcil to " Ten Months in tlie Tents of the Tuski," by Lieut. Hooper. t JJee rarliaiueutary Tapers, ^'o. 82, " Aretic Expedition-, 1832," p. 87. |l 272 I'l.AN.S (II SI',\H('I1 roil silt ,1011s IKWM.IN. iiiHliicsscs of S|iil/,1)( rijcM lluTc existed iiu'ii in pn.ssesHioii oC knives, illid oiuliiwetl witli siillieieiil iiilelli;i;eiie(> to out ell oi' ciili'M]) tlic w ildesl liiiiiiials (iftlie I'cuioii iiiMiliiiitiirilv iiiliabiled by (liem iilive, and llieii, Inistiiiii; lo I'roNiileiiee lor (lie residl. (uniini,' tlieiii louse in liojie. AL'Miii," siivs (lie writer, "wlio shall say (lia( Sir .loliii i''ranKliii, or one of liis |)ar(y, may not actually liave eanj^dit or slioi one ot" the foxes hefore alluded to, ami (hiis liiive arrived at thi' very idea of iiialiini^ the animal creation a iiwaiiH of notice of their e\isteni'e V'if/ii/i /(> ///(• irorlil irif/iou/ / ^^ \Vi' notice this letter to show the uide-world interest the prolonged ahsence of oiiv nnfoi'Innate eoiin- Irymen, and the extraonlinary eH'orts made hy linL,daml for their recovery, had created. Mvery circumstance, however triilini,', which I'onld he Hiipposed to emanato from the north, hecame invested with im|iorlaiice, and linked to the all-alisovl)iiif> snhje. 1. This scdicitiide vas felt from the shores of th(> Scheldt to North Cape, and from North Cape to the Strait of Uclu'intJr ; hnt joined to this nohle fi'clinij; xv;is iiuich wildness of (hont;;ht as to (he prohahh' course and position of the nnfortniiatt' Franklin and hid companions; hence, howmcr \vell meant, the t'eeliiiu;, /'// '''•'* '-'''''I/ infi'H'iifi/, often contributed to iriithr eoii/'usion more euiijbniu/etf. ^;iT CHAlTKIl XII ri:TKllM\NN"s ItKVIsri) VI.AN' — (lIlSICUVATIONrt TllKlfKON — lllilf* Jd.Nd'a STItAIT Hl/IADUUN— ll.OSK Ol" VKAll lS52. IMu. Anu'sns I'ioti.iimanx, wIiusl- plan ot'si'arcb we have already {j;ivi'n (si'i' p. 'JlO), now iiddri's.scil aiiollici' ('oiiiiiiiiiiii'atioii to tlio jAdiiiiralU, Xovciidirr 'JDlli, iSo'J,* tlio rcsuUs, In; says, of iiioi'o I'c'c'ciil iiiul r\!ciidi'd rcscarclics, and accmiiulaled luiouK'dLCc. Tliid pa|u'r was I'cad hct'orc tlir linsal ()('();j;i'a|)iiiral Nncictv, .NdM'iiibi-r Sill, Sir 1\. I. Miii'cliixiii. I'rc:^i(l('iit. It is ctitillcd. '• Sii- .Inlm l''raiikliii, llic >i'aviL,'atiK'iii'.>s ot' tlic S|iit/.lM'ii;rii Si'a. ami (lie Wlialo I'^islu'rii's in llic Atvtii' J{(M;i(iiis." ll will bi' seen tVdiii llic titlo, tliafc this paper, lii'si(l(>s lli(> plan of scai'cli cinlirarcs dtlicr suhjci'ls, not uitliiii tlic raii;;t' of our iiupiiry, liidccd, the author's idijcct is to .show "(lie advaiitajjjcs Avliieh would bo ///Iv/y to accrue in eoiiiiuercial and mMgraphieal rej^ards, should an Expedition on luj plan be decided (Jii." Mr. IVterinann, alludiiiLC to bis t'ornier plan, says, "t/5 /(Y/.S' hiiKi'd on the mipposiliun I lint Fraii/ilin lual pdKsrd up nClliti^fon C/iinnicl ; itiul as this supposition lias t/ccn sti'uiiq/j/ co)iJiniH 1/ hi/ the inti'llii/nicc rrcaiitli/ broiii/ht home lii/ Mr. Krnnnli/, vii/ plan has he- como of a more ilircct hcai'iiii/ on the sii/i/'rct.'' Jle then takes "a _Hen(>ral dilion, as it stands at i)rcsent ; " and aays, "Sir Edward Helcher has bei.Mi so fortunato . . . as ti) find an uimsnally open season, which has alloweil him to sail up Wellington Channel. . . Tho search on the track of tho missing vessels viai/ he consiilcved to have now actuallij commenced. . . The fact that no news has reached us from the Investir/ator, . . Capt. ]\l'Clure, for the last two years, seems to suggest that that navigator has nt)t been successful in tlie region between IJehring's Strait and Banks' Laiul, and my opinion that Sir John Eraukliu would be found on tho Asiatic side of the Polar litigious, seems to become more and more probable. I take it, then, for granted, that Sir John Franklin has been arrested somewhere opposite the Sihcrian coast, most prohahlij on the land, which, there is reason to think, strctchea * Set' Purliaiiioiitnrv Papor, So. 82, "Arctic Kxpnlitioiis," pp. 78—85. Sco also " Koyal (.icoi^raiiliical Socictj'ti Juiinial," vol. xxiii., p. VM. 'i! y " —'-■'iK/.QMiwMai ii m i 1 I IK 1 If 1;/ I' iM.ws or srviMii rou siw .ioiin iit wkv.in. J'roiii llic IsJ,niil.< iliscovfi'fil htj (Vyir Kdlilt totriiril.'< llir iiric Si/irrinii Is/ttiii/.w If this l)c tlic ciisi-, (lie stdi'v dl' tin" iccliiM'L; oil' New ri)iii\(l- l.'iiitl, Miul lliL' two MSM'ls siiicl li> In- I'r'MiiKlin's, wiuild .sfi'in In liiul Mil i'\|)l,in;ill(iii. Wf Kmnv llinl the liffciilanil sras — iiaini-lv, llial pari (>riln> Polar ih'caii l\iiiL,' lu'twrcn (ircriilaml ami S|)il/lnTL;i'ii-- tiirins (he outlet tor llial ini;',lil\ ciin'ciit wliirli comics iVoiii the Silici'ia:i Sea; il cllc('tiiall\ cleai's tlii> Asiatic slmrc c\crv spfiiiL;; ol" ils ice, which il carries away to the south, iulo (he Allautic Ocean. A (Mirreul of such nia;.;nil utie iiUil \'ov>-{' would casil_\ ili'il'l awa_\ lw(i vessels nil the Iircakiii;;- up ol' theii- ' ii'c cradle.' How sudden ihis lui^hl he," Mi'. I'etcnuaun cites the case ol' the four Wussiaii sailors, who were lei't liehind a( Spit /her^eii, hv their \cssel dril'liiiL;- away in the iiii;Iil ; and adds, " 1 n a similar luanuer Sir Juhii l^'raiiklin may have lost his vessels, and have heen helplessly . . looKiiii;- forward to rcUcJ't'i'i'iii lUrcflioiiK liilhcrUy fiilirt li/ m 'ilti'lctJ. . . 0\\ llie other hantl,"'tlie author dliserxcs, "it is ain ost impossihle that. I he two vessels . . cciihl linrf :'(>/iii' J'rdiii //it' Intiil i>/' litiljin's liiii/ without liciiu,' pi'fceived hy the whalers, Ai-.. or that the t nwvs would not have made their way to soiih> sjiot where we should have heard ol" Iheui." lie ('out iiiucs, " Helcher's. M '('lure's, and I iiL;lciield's llxpe- d it ions onl_\ encompass oni>-t hi rd ol' the circiimrereiu'e I't' t hal porl ion of the I'olar WcL^ions where Sir Jnlin I'l-anldin niiisl have been arrcslcil, and the reiiiainder o^ the rci;ion is al present iil!o(ii!lisl pi-o/ialilr tluit Frdiikliii Ints lucii idi'csUiI, diitl ii lo mil pJtiit. . . The Spit/.hcr^eii Sea is hy i'ar the widest indeed, the only oceanic opcuiii!;' towards the North I'olc, iuiil (o the chief I'olar Ke;;ioi;s. . . Ne\ertlieli'ss, Ari'tic writers and i;iM;;ra pliers i;eiierally lia\e assumed an impiMiel rahle ice hari-ii'i' to stretch across that sea. and ha\i^ pronounced il to he alloi;-cllicr impr.ict icahle for iia\ i^at ioii. . . 'This assumpl ion I consider to he •groundless, and as rcstiiii;- upon prejudice and iina^inat ioii." Mr. I'eicrmann then p.rocecils to tpiote the late l\ev. Dr. Scorcshy, and Admiral l?eecliey, i^c, to [irovi- this sea is na\ ii;al>le. lie says, " Spit/.Iier<;cii reaclu's heyond lal. M>', and foiaiis llii> liii;licsi counlrv in latilude//r/ rrni'/it;/ in i if/i-r /n ui/.y/i/u i'<\" and asks," Where is t here ;iiiollier i:;rou[) o\' islands which could he i'irciiiiina\ i^ated in ;i like inaiuier F Compare il to the Parry (iroiip. though in lal. 7")'\aiidlhe iliirei'iMice will he o' \ious. In short. Ilie assumed ililiicull ies in llie Npil/.lxa'p'n Sea are <;roinulless, and ri'-si upon a [irejudice dating- r Silii'riini \C\\ ItHIIHl- ■m to lliiil ini'lv, that /1h'1'L!,("11 iVum the til- ( >ci"aM. ilrifl aw UN i\V suililrli !• Kiissian I'l ilril'tiiiL;- \ I'^i-aiilvlin Kiiikii)i;' . . Oil ssihli' thai- ijllii's Hull nvt* u iMilil (• ticanl III' Id's l'A|l('- at portion ia\«> bt'iMi uit'tlur iiii- iiiy ollicrs, r/, iIIk/ (iLfO IIS <>/' iti/iini 1 is hv iar until Pole, tic u riti'i's ico liai'i'ii'!' altoLjTtlit'r siller to lu' on." Mr. I'l'sliy, ami II o savs, si connti'v ITC is lill'l'O I in a liko o^ and tlu> I ii's in I lit' ill- ilatini'' Mif. .u (MS ITS im:ii:i;m v> N\ :/ i> MK <"u.n: -"l,noon..|ndn.,ohsom.s.-|;..ann.,,ho,Mvoo.l,n,,.„n,ls ' -- -'.lassuun,,,,ha,^Sn.dol^M■Va^lJinhas.onon,.^V,.ll,^Won ' l''-;'''/''^''''' ;'•'''''• ''--''•-''-1--Moox,on., and nan,;ddo, V ''''"'"'■'''''' ■'''''''■'^ '''•>• ''-1'-'-' ''-...110; is i,: y >H-Mrlv sovon vrars ha^o ,,,.,ss..d u H hont - his - W/,, /„ ,, ,/./, v../.. ni hr ,,rir„ou ,,/•,///., „„■ Ai„n;,:ui .r Uir S,Un^,„ ^,J, . 'I- •--< h'-il.h;so,ut,,., .,|' ,|Hs ,,uo.,ion Ih:,, sn:.;o.,s i.sJ,' ,. ,no ;;:'"'':'''^'''';''^'''''''->'-'-''''|-i'MMvw.n,odhis,.^^ /' """'""• '-"-'^ Hav oan ha^o no o„n„oo. ion . „ h , ho l-ohir ;-n, no.... , ,,,,,,, HH-soa ho.,nd WollIn:;,.,n('hannol.l,uMhat,.t, -'-' Mn,o oado, n:,nin-si::,v. . . As ,0 , ho dnv.t ion t p. .1 d l,.o,,, tho s.:^1nu^,.oint,nanu.^,n,iduavinthoS,H,.^^^^^^^^ N (about laL.t; N -. and h.„.. ,0 ■,.;.), ..ohahlv ono din ', tow::;ds '^'•'''•n'^; -^^ Mrait, u- pkaotma ,,,1;, would ho tho hos,. ,, j, ^ou\A ho nUlirJiirrtioi, irlirir Sir .l.lui Fr,n,kUn Us i.i.sl '.rolMi, /;<-,...././ Ho,ho,.,vu,o,i,^uo,v|..aotio:ddo,wouhl h/ to tho A»'\\ Sdu'i'ian hdands." Wrhavo.,uo,odlVon, >!,.. rolonnanu's ,,:,,,,,. ,,,,,,,,,, |.u...h lo- -•n- d ,s u, u.df hi,hk inlo,v.,n,.; hu. 1, shouhl ho ivuu^d:,^ '-^'-';-i;la..,s,ouudodo,,hv,,oii,osis. Thai tah.ntod^oulh.nau has, iy aMuitulan-an^oiuont or.hoi;-u laots uo ha^o. raisod a ..o.dly ^.•.,o,u.v,hu,,hohas,sis>-,.o.,ona, tho ooiv," hooaus. - W i W-hau ai ,, ,,^,,,,,_,,^,^^,,^^^^ bonou,.a,lon;,,.od,hono,.,h •3 'I'^i .•l.a.inol ; //.vv .V .„/ „ nilir .r,ir.or,U /.- ,/,/, .,„ („o c-on- a,^. al wo luiow ar^uos s, ron^lv , /A./ ^, ,/,/ ,„,. ^Vo oa. , .0. ■■•n h, .'''"m^""'''' "'"''' ' 'i—v,.v., anv opinion H.i^aMhn,. I ,,,nkhn s nM.oiuon-s n, orah.u, tho W..||u,.to,;(lK.nMol •'-''•.•i--n. it-. lu>.hoh..,r,l,.. ,,,,.,,„,, ^,,, |.,,,,:„„„„ .,.,,,i^.,^ """ '.l"-;Volhno-,onChaunol.o,.ouashoda.wn,,holai,.odiliooho ''•'^ '■"--' ^vouhl still stand. AW ,.„,..„ ^,/,;, „/.,,,„,, ^ ^,^^. ^^^^ f -. I -1 '■fniti'M 270 rT,.VNs (11- srAiicu ron ant .loitN fiiankt.in. Fj-iiiihliii h\rj)fi///ioii ; for in //hi/ sciiyc irr consign' /he /i/ir a iiiis- iHHiH'f, ;iiiil \\( c';m (Hily looU ii|)(Hi ils ;i(lii|)t imi ;is :i Ncliiclt' or iMciiiis I'lir iiilf(i(liiciiii^ tlic (Hit'f*t ion of a I'olar Sea, niid (lie [iriu-lira- I'ilitv "I" iiini!;Ml iiiL; ii. As rc^Mi'iis llio Mciircli, ho iMf from tliiiikin;jj llial Sir Ivlward I'-cK-lirr, by Iiis ''/or/iniu/r" (?) passaiff iipllio VVi'l- liiii^lon CIkiiiuoI, //us /lair iicl I'ul/i/ viinnncucdl lln' .sfurc/i, ice lau/r upon, mill iiihl rrcn/ siuirc/i hif //ut/ c/nnniil as s/diiini/ //ic coiiuiiiiicniicn/ (if l/ic siiirc/i /ill (llvcv/'uuj i/ J'i'oin //ir /riic i/irrr/'uni. Wt> do not foiii- pri'lifiid liow \\\v al)si"iici' ol' news from I'apl. M'Tliirc can in any Wiiy render Mr. l'<'(ermann'.s opinion "more and more [irobaldc*" lliat " l"'ranklin will he found on (he Asiatic siiK'." N() evidiMiee in ])roof. As to the two vessels seen on an ieelx-rii;, as it is very doublfnl wbetlier Irnnkliii (>vi>r attempted the northern route at all, so uuieli greater ar(> the doul)ts, tiien, that those slii[)S (Irii'led down Ix^hveen (Jreeidand and Spitzber>j;en ; \v(> think it, more than proI)able that, (hey came down Hailiu's Hay. Whether they were l''raul\lin's slii])s is |)urely eoujeetural, but an exeellent ])apei' by Mr. A. (i. iMiullay, "On (h< I'robable ('ourst> of Sir John Franklin's K\]iedition,"* i^oes strouL;ly to prov(> they were. We think it not unlikely, ;i.s our belii>f has ever been (and the results of Austin's weslenv parties nuire eontiriiuvl (hat bi'lief), that Fntii/t'/in's xliips (,vvv' i('('-loc/xi'(l on t/if u'vx/cvn sii/f of Mr/villc Soiiml, //ml /ic f/irri' iras fhrct'd /o iiluim/on //inn, l/iaf l/ic ice .sii/isci/iirn/lji /u'o/ic !,p, niitl Jrijh't/. iri//i //inn imhtu/i/iul in i/. to //ic t'an/iciird, down Barrow's S/nii/, l.anciis/t'r Soiim/, uiii/ /inj/iii's lini/ ; ant/ //in/, ul/iinn/clji, //inj made /licir apprarancr o//' Xnrjoiind/niid. The drift of Sir .Ianu>3 lioss's and liieut. (le Haven's vessels, then known, are analogous eases. The facta adduced by the author, and bis remarks, irrespec- tive of Ibe search (or Fr luklin, on the practicability of ascending to (he Uv>r(h, between Sjiit/bcrgcu and Nova Zenibla, and crossing the Polar Hasin to (he Arctic lands of Asia or America, are, we consider, clever, and mark him as an industrii)us intpiirer; but after all, (bis paper eainiot be estimated other than as a pro[)osition for the solution of a most interesting geographical problem. T/ir ronvlusions founded on //ir oDsuvipfio)} t/iat Franklin went up Wellington Cb.annel are altogether imaginary, and we nuist reject them ; but assuming (hat be vlid. and " tberc found a sea of consii/rraldr cv/nt/, and mirii/ir/i/r, /i/xc //id/ /o //ir nor//i of Jiaj/in's Jiaii," ]Mr. IVtermann asks, " How * .Si'i' " KoMil Cn'ogrtiiiliioal Sociotv's Joiinial," vol. xxvi., p. M. - a iiiiH- •liiflf or jtriU'lifii- tliinUin;^ tin' Wt'i- rmnif of MOl I'OIU- n ill iiiiv )i-ol)al»U'" ir rail wf * atltliK'c'il, «t." We n ici'liiTi,', > uortluTii liosi' sliii)rt Ilk it iiioro •tlior '.hoy Iciii paper Sir .lolm ,VflO. W^^ rosiiUs 1)1" ''ni II /dill's /, /hid he lini/ii' !'P, Ihirroir's iilcJi/. then Sir .lanu>s aiiali)j^oufl , irrospoc- coiuliug to ossinji; tlu* t> oonsiilor, or all this 10 solution Its founded lannol aiv niiiiiij; that ii(iri(/('lile, ,8. " llow CAl'T.VIX lUI'.DEBIC'K — fOMMANDKll MAOUTRE. 277 is it; possiblo thai nearly hovou years have passcl without Sir John Franklin iiaviii^' been nlile to pasi nitf of Ihnt son into the sea si/i/n/rd to the north of Jichriiifa Strait, in the direction (f either the ^.iinriciiii or Siberi'tn shores f^^ In attempting; to solve thia (juestion, lie aays, " There arc I'easons for coujevturin;; that , . a tract of land may extoMil from the land aeen by Caj)tain Kellett, to the north of Boh- riiii^'.s Strait, as far aa the eastern coasts of Greenland, uithintt a nni/le ojieninyy If aueh tract really exiats, Mr. Petermanu liaa ^iveii a reply to the latter ])art of hia (tuestion. Ma presence iroiild fjar all adrance to Franklin in the direction of the Siherian shores. Wiiy, tiieii, expeet to lind the miaain<; Exp(>dilion there? Thus much for the conjectured northern limit of this unknown land. The southern had also been indicated at thia time ; it v.aa supposed that Ivellett'a liaiid waa continuous to Wollaston liand,* lhercl)j shutting Franklin out from the south, and consequentli/ from the coasts of America and the sen to the north of Jiehrinfs Strait : thua is a 7'eply j,Mven to the (piestion in both directions. IVue, all this was merely im:i!j;inary, but it will be observed that tlu^so supposed northern and southern lands form a cul de sac, or f/ulf, or Mediterranean Sea, of Fe'iiifs Sea, the enti'ances to which are the IVellim/ton Channel and the ehainiels between the Farrij Islands : now the velociti/ and direction of the currents and drift wood out of Pennifs Sea go to disprove unif such idea. Again, what becomes of the supposed communication fjetiraen the open water to the north of the Farri/ Islands and the Folijnia of Wrangell, so much calculated upon ? lie tliinka there ai'c two Polar Seas, the Asiatic and the Ainci-icaii.t The author concludes the sea discovered hi/ Iiifilefleld to be a mere cul de sac. "We have maih' these remarks to show the spirit of the age. In- volving a (piestion of the highest geographical intalxHits olbuiidly terestiiifT ', by that obtained hey bore ed ; tliey :ond tliat >f his not ^ties, was ofality in 1 made to ; but the nuel and ?on, they y' one not tale they nust liaA'c md wonld lot convc- iound Avas onsiderate iities were uutrynien, lid friends e deprived •ived from the North ^ CJIAPTEll XIIJ. ki:nm;j)v'3 i'uojkcteu Exi'i;DiTro?f to UKiinixa's strait jx the " I.S.VllKL," HUT AIJANDONEU — PIKEMX SAILS EOJl BEECllEV IS- LAND— SECOXn AMEUUAN EXPEDITIOX SAILS KOlt SMITIl's SOLKl) V.NDER DR. KA>'E— PARKER SNOW's TROJECTED E.VPEDITIOX FROM -MIOEIIOL-RXE TO IJEIIiaXO's STRAIT, RUT ARAXJIONED— lMia:NIX RETL-RN-S — IXOLEEIELD'S DESPATCHES — DEATH OP LIEUT. REE- I-OT, OF niPERTAL XAVY OF FRAXCE — RELCIIEr's BESPATCUES— JriS XEW DISCOVERIES TO THE XORTII-EAST Gf OKIXNELL LAND —REPORT or JtIS TRAVELLTXCr PARTI ES— RICHARDS AXD OSRORX TO THE SOUTH-WEST— lilOLCHER LEAVES XORTH ir.MREREAXD SOUXD rOR UEECHEY ISLAXD — KE I.LETT's DESPATCHES — LIEUT. PIM VISITS I!A\K-S' LAXD-IIXDS M'cLURE AXD " INV KSTUiATOR" AT liAV OF MEUCV— M-(LURE VISITS KKLLirrT, AND ARRANGEMENTS — KELLETt's TRAVELLING PARTIES DESPATCHED. iS.j.'J.— The year opened witli n hill— not of apatliy, for tlie pnhlic ieclnig was as much alive to the foHorii condition of our Ion- absent eomitrymcn as ever -but hope and fear bah.nced each other ; there was a vague expectation tliat go.nl would arise, but whence no one had any definite idea. It was not from the AVeliingtoii Channel; lor, sti-ange to record it, no sooner was it known that Nature had unbarred the ice-loclvcd entrance of that channel, and admitted a free passage to the north, than doubts arose, and the motives (for reasons there were none) were canvassed for renewing the searcli in that duvet ion. Divest(-d of extraneous feeling, the consequence was mis- tnt.^f, and the bright anticipations of successful, happy results from that quarter w<:ned ; still the expectation, however illusory, for a time gave relief. April Stli, IS.-;;].— Sailed the T.w;>rl im,ler the command of Ur AV^illiam Kennedy (late of the P,v//r6' ,/Mrv/), for Hehring's .Strait. It will he remcmhered this vesst-1 was piirchas(>d for Capt. Hi'atson, that he might l)e enabled to carry out his plan <.f seareh, viz., tho v\siatic shores, Xew Siberian Islands, and eastward, to the north of the land seen by ('apt. Kellett. J-Voin unforeseen cireumstances this voyage was provcutod at the time ; b, t ii will have been noticed the M 2S0 JT-ANS ()? SKATIC. FOR STU JOTIX ^nA^"KI,T^^ il 'i < 3: ! Wi iiii little Isahel liiul not laid idle; slic did good sonico under Carl:, lii-lelield in Whale, Smitli'a, and Jones's Sounds (IS52). On her return, she was restorcMl to Lady Krankliu, who now resolved to fit her out lor her original destination. In this, that nohle .ninded lady was aided by the generous contributions of the Legislative Couneil and inhabitants of Van Dienien's Land,* of which 8ir John Franklin had been Governor. Various addresses were sent to Lady IVankliu on this occasion, expressive of their sincere esteem foj-, and high apprc'ciation of, the distinguishing public and private virtues of their late ruler, her gallant husband — their deep sympathy for herself, and admiration of the hex'oic devotion she bad shown in the endless sacri- fices she had made. But the good fortune of the little Isabel seems to have left her with her late talented, enterprising conunander, Ingleiield. She arr^ed at Valparaiso, where a disagreement arose between Mr. Kennedy and the oflicers and crew, and the voyage was abandoned. May 19tb, 1853.— II.M.S. Phcenix, Commander E. A. Inglefield, accompanied by the Ureadulbane transport, left ISheeruess for Beechey Island, stored with provisions, &c., for !Sir Edward Belcher's squadrou.f He was directed, in returning, in case of opportunity, to examine "the coast in the vicinity of Cape AV'alsingham." Additional orders were sent to Sir Edward ]3elcher. AVe notice the following para- grapb : "If no haces of the missing sbips have haew found in Wcl- liiif/fuii Ghannel, and if it should appear tliat" they " did not proceed in that direclion, and if Capt. Kellett should have reached Melville Island, . . and his land expeditions should also have failed to dis- cover ani/ such traces, it docs not appear to tis that there is any other direction in which a 2)rospect of their discovery can be expected. Every accessible part of the shores, Polar Seas, west of Lancaster Sound, ivill have been visited, witliout Jindiny a trace of the missing ships, except their former station at Beechey Island in IS iS and G. In such a con- tingency as this, . . there appears no other course left but to abandon oil further search.' The above extract shows the feeling of the Admiralty : it is obviously their intention to discontinue the s;»arch ; it is evident tlicy think enough has been done to rescue our unfortu- nate countrymen. But tlie assertion that " every accessible part of the Polar Seas, ivest of Lancaster Sound, will have been visited,'^ is * See the Address of Sir R. I. Murcliison to tlie Royal Geographical Society, May, isr,3, vol. 23, p. Ixxx. t SJec iJluciiooks, "I'apers relative to the Recent Arctic Expeditions," 1854, p. 3. h\ hiT I to fit ;il lady Council I'rtiikliu raiiUliu id high )f their u>lt', and js sacri- l seems mauder, it arose age waa iglefield, Beecbey aadrou.t examiue al orders |ug para- in Wei- H'oceed leh'iUe d to dis- VI 1/ other Every nd, ivill , except h a con- uhandon of the b?arch ; uutbrtu- imrt of sited,'" is :al Society, ISo'l, p. 3. UU. KAKE. 2S1 not fact ; the search of Melville Soioid, the special locality to zrhich Franklin was directed, teas her/un, hut left incomplete hi/ a space o/'2U0 miles iu Avidtli. It was this iinportaut space that h>(l to the forinatiou of the original plan of tlie voyage ; it ought to have conimaud( d our first attention, and no other (juarter, until it had bei u eouiph'tely examined ; it waa, alone, the true direction of search or in " which a prospect of their discovery could be cx])ccted." Tlie above extract shows great ignorance of the whole subject. We fancy we detect in these Instructions already some misgiving of the sanguine ho])cs entertained as to the search by the Wellington Channel — the mania in \i^ favour was at its heir/hi — was passing the meridian : — but enough ! never were plans drawn so opposed to existin// facts, and so pertina- cioush/ persisted in. We seek for our unfortunate countrym,'n in a wrong direction, are astonished at not finding them, and then con- clude, in opposition to all reason, that "every part" has "been visited," and that there is " no other course left but to abandon the search." Alas ! for the unfortunate Pranklu, and his doomed oifi- cers and crews. The gallant young French officer, Lieut. Bellot — already noticed as having accompanied j\lr. Kennedy in the l^rince Albert, 1S51 — 2, again a volunteer for Arctic service — was appointed to the I'hwnix, under Commander In£;lefield, on this vovarje. May 30th, 1853.— Sailed from New York, the Advance, under the command of the talented, enterprising Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, of the U.S. Navy, for the examination of Smith's Sound, Baffin's Bay, in search of our lost navigators. AV^e have much pleasure in recording the departure of this, the second expedition fitted out with this humane object by our American kinsmen, for in it we see another proof of the deep sympathy and solicitude of our traus-atlantic bre- thren, not only for the uow critical, if not distressful, position of the lamented Franklin and his devoted followers — so long abroad — but also of respect for that sorrow which ariseth from anxiety and hope deferred, uow pervading all classes in the mother country at home. The feeling thus shown will ever refiect honour on America as a nation, and add yet another star to its already well covered star- bespangled banner; more especially may its lustre fall on her noble- hearted citizens, Henry Grinnell and CJeorgo IVabody, for by their munificent example, countenanced by the (Jovernment, and aided by various scientific societies, associations, and friends of science, was this expedition despatched on its sacred mission, it will be remem- bered, Dr. Kuue was with Lieut. JJe Haven iu the Advance iu iboO: ■Nil: II ii; i l| ! 2S2 VLAXS or SEAKCII TCTi SIR JOIIX rRANKLTN. to liiiii we owe the admirably written, liiglily interesting chronicle* ol' tliiit event I'll! voyage, where danger was on every side to destroy, hut where also tiie hand of an alinighly Providence was ever present to proteet. A votary to the preMiiliiig feeling that a high(>r tempera- ture and a Polar Ocean existed to tlie north, and that Franklin had adopted the \Velliiigtt)n Channel and the Sea of Penny as the means to accomplish the great object of his voyage, Dr. Kane thus records his views for reconnnending his plan of search by Smith's Sound. They were developed in a paper read before the (jeographical Society of Is'ew York. I'iie following extracts will put the reader in possession of the leading features of the plan :t "It was based (says Dr. Fvane) npon the probable extension of the land masses of Greenloml to the far norlh — a fact at that time not verilled by travel, but sustained by the analogies of physical geography. Greenland, though loolu'd ujion as a congeries of islands, connected by interior glaciers, was still to be r(\garded as a ])eninsula, wliose formation recognized the same general laws as other peninsulas having a sonthern trend. From the alternating altitudes of its nu)untain ranges, continued Avithcmt de- pression throughout a meridional line of nearly 1,100 miles, 1 inferred tli.'.t this chain must extend very far to the north, and that Greenland might, not in:j)rol)ab]y, approach nearer the Pole than any other known land. Believing, then, in such an extension of this peninsula, and teeling that the search for Sir John I'ranldin would be best prcj- moted by a com'se that might lead most directly to the open sea of whici; 1 had inferred the existence, and that the approximaticni of the meridians would make access to the irrst as east/ from Xorth Green- land as from Wellington Channel, and access to the east far mora ensji ; feeling, too, that the highest proti-uding headland would be most likely to atl'ord so)ne traces of the lost party, I nanu-d, as the inducements in favour of my scheme — 1st. Terra lirma as the basis of our operations, obviating the capricious character of ice-travel; 2nd. A due northern line, which, throwing aside the intluences of terrestrial radiation, would lead soonest to the open sea, should such exist ; yrd. The benefit of the fan-like abutment of land, on the north face of Greenland, to check th(> ice in its southern or etpiatorial drift, thus obviating tlu; great drawback of Parry, in his attempts to reach the Pole by the Spltzbergeu Sea; 1th. Auiuuil life, to sustain tra- * St'C " Tile ['.S. (irimii'll Kxiioiliti(.ni in Soari'li of Sir Joliii Fi-ankliii," by Eli.>lia Iv'oul ICniu'. M.J)., I'.S.N. + Sec " Arplir- Exploratiuiis in llio Yearis lr>53, 'ul, "55," by the same autlioi'. lick'* «j1 •oy, but JSl'Ut to i-iiipenv- Llin luul moans •ords liis I. Tlu-y oru'ty of DSSCfisioU r. Ki>no) ul to the tainod by lii'd upon H still to the isiiinc From the thout dc- 1 iuii-rrtd jri-eeiihnid Liuv uthev pcuinsuhi, best pvo- u sea oi' on of the Oreeu- far worn would be d, as the the basis ice-ti-avel; ueuces of oidd such the north uvial drift, s to reach siaiu tra- ,;' bvElisha 10 aullior. th " , \ i»n. kam: — \\. I'AiiKi'.n snow. 283 vel 1 1 n<]; parties ; r)th. Tlie co-operation of Kscpiiinaux, settloments of tlicsc people liaviiii;; hecu found as hiii;li as W'liaU' Sound, and jiro- Iialily e.\tcudin<^ still farther aionu: the const." In conclusion, Dr. Kan(> sMvs, *' W'f Avcre to i>!iss up IJairm's hay, tliercfori', to its most noi'tlic'n attainnhlc ])oint, ami thence, pi-csslnjj; on townrd the l'ol(> as fiir as houts or slcilni's conhl carry us, cxaiuine the coast line for vesti;j;es of llit; lost party." These are the outlines of Dr. Kane's plan. Clever and sound iu concei)tiou, in a <(eojj;raphical sense, as a means of obtaining a hi^h northern position, they are als(t excellent as a plan for the relief and recovery of the Franklin Expedition, ij' thr ftivt had hern fullji authcn- ticdtetl that tluit Kvprdilioi) Innl ullinnptrd llic iin>'tfii'ni pro all mei-e surmises — all in(>rely the emanations of wanderin{;f imaginations, and without a t ittlo of posi- tive evidence to prove that ihe AVeliington Channel route had l)eou adopted. The precedinjj; pages will show that the Wellington Channel mania was a mere ])r(>judice, that owed its origin to i)recoiU'(>ived sup- posed intentions on the part of Fi'anklin to adopt it, but which, iu truth, never had any sound or reasonable basis. Ou the contrary, all that Franklin iJid write tenlijles (sec ante, page 122) tliat he looked to the American shores, and not to the north lii/ WelUnfjton Channel. Capt. Fitzjames's letter (see ante, page 251}) is aj'artlier corrolioration of this fact. With such testimony before as, we must reject all idea that lie attempted that channel : and, in rejecting it, all hope that Dr. Kane will he successful iiifidlinr/ on anij traces of the Franklin A\rpedi' tion in Smithes Sound. AVe cannot leave this subject without express- ing our deep regret tiiat Dr. Kane, one so ])re-eniinently (pialilit'd for the task he has undertaken, should have been swayed by the wild ideas prevailing here as to the course and intentions of Sir John Frankhu. Alas for his voyage! It can only end in adding another record of useless daring, painful suffering, and bitter disappointment. ]\ray, 1853. — At this time 3Ir. AV. I'arker Snow, a gentleman known to vVrctic cii-eles as having accom[)anied Connnander C. C. Forsyth in iht'Frijice Alhert, in IS.'O, in his unsuccessful attempt to get down ]iegent's Inlet, now endeavoured to get u[) an liXpedition, by subscription, at ^lelbourne, Victoria, for IJehring's Strait. The olijeet of this voyage is ]iot made very ck-ar by the tew papers that have reached us. Cape Chehigskoi is meutioneil as the lirafc poiut to bo t [•■■r^ 2S1 n,\\H (»r .siiAitcit von hii: .ioiin iiian'kmv. nUaiiicd, hut l)t'yt)n(l tliiit we liavo not been ciiiibli'il tu gallicr miy- tliili;:; (Icdiiilr. As Uio HiiIwcriplioiiM ditt not irali/o Biiniciciil locoviT the oxpcinra of 1 lie voya>,'(>, it was abaiidont'd. Oftolu'i- 111,, is,-);}.— 1 1.. M.S. riianix, Coiiini'indcr Iii^dclicld, rc- tiinu'd from lli.'oclicy lalaiid, liimcastcr S(»mid, in'iii^hif; dcsjmtclioa from Sir Fidward Hi'lcln'r, Caplaiii Kclli'tt, and Commander M'Cluro, f^iviuLj iiili'llii^ciico of llic Hafcty of llx- /iiri:sfii/ii/or, and llio important discovery of the Norlli-WesI l'as.s;ii;(\ also from (.'(Mnmander I'ldlen. Ijieul. C'resswell, in eliar^'e of tlie /iin:sfii/iifur'n despatelies, .Mr. Wynniatt, of tliat ship, and Dr. iM'Cormick, returned by tbe /V/a'«/.r. The subslanei' of these despatelies we shall f^ive. C"a[)t. In^delield arrived at Heeehey Island Hth An- mander Inglelield proeei'ded up \Velliny;tou Channel in search of Conunauder Pidlen, who had been aitsent from the Xorfh Sfar moro than a iininlh, and about whom there was some a])preluMision, bein<^ desirous also to convey to Sir I'Mward MeK-ber his despatch(>s. *• VVelliny;ton Chainud was then full of ice, and so rouu;li with largo cracks ami pools, that it dciied sli'dging, excepting with a strong ])arly. Landing at Harlow Creek, Coruwallis Island, they made au attem])t to i-arry a punt over the ice, but this proved inellcctual." Coiinuander Inglelield then determined to proceed with a small party by linul to Capi> Rescue, lie n^aclied that cape on the 13th. Jlero they learned (by iu)tice li>ft) of Commander PuUen's return. Having deposited in the cairn duplicates of their lordships' despatches for Sir Edwartl liclclier, they returned, jvached the tout on the lil'tli day of their absence, and the ship on tlu> ll?th August. On tho 17th, Com- luander Jnglclic^ld i-eccMved from Coiinuander rulloii the melancholy iutelligence of the death of Lieut. Bellot.* This amiable and talented young French ollici-r had volunteered, on the return of Con lander Pullen, to lead the party i)roposed to be sent up Welliugtou Chaunel with despatches for Sir Eilward Belcher, and to communicate with that ollicer, then on his return to Beoclioy Island, and, if possible, * Soo Jiluo BooL.^, 185 J, "luvout Arctic Expalitionsi, &.C.," pji. 11—17. srii ritWAiM) mi, en r.u. 2S5 ur any- xpc lrt< H liclil, ro- HJIiltcllOb M'l'lun', upurliuit r i'ulli'ii. lu'S, Mr. I'huiiix. liiiul tlio iipproai'li- ul lircdd- V. After itliout the Dth, Coin- scarcli of Kfnr iiioro lion, lu'iii<;; I'spatclios. witli liirgo :i «tron<; iiiiulo till \i>ctual." Hill party lU-ro navin<; \es I'or Sir th (lav of 7th, (\)in- ii'laiu'holy d taloiiteil on iandor (u Chaunid \icati' -with f possible, 11-17. Ih. with ('()ininniul(>r Iii^rhliiM. Lieut. Mcllot h-ft I'ith Au^UHt. Ili' hail no positive instriirtions, hut tlie hest mode to aeeinnplisli tlieao olijeclH was eouNcu'd to him in a hair-olllcial hller from ( 'iituMiaiidtT I'lilien. It .sii'^ncsts ; * " I'clnt llo;,'ai'th heinj^ a principal |)oint of rende/NoiiM, inaUe for it aw s|)ee(Hiy as po.srtihh', keepiiii^, as unieh as yon can, the eastern slioi'es on hoard, as it is Sir l']d>\ard IV'hher's int(>nlIon to tra\el this way, if lie cannot ^'cl on '.vith his ship. The ice is .still heavy in Wellington Channel, and I hardiv think it will break out this month. . . Shonld von see anv si'Mis to snp- ])oso such likely to hap[»en, make for the Hhore*, uiul use your own discretion as to advance or retreat. . . J'l-ovisions are r/Mv/c//^' at l*oint Howdeii and I'oint Jiescue, but 1 trust ycni will reach tiie Jsaistdiicr. before yon are out. . . AV'ishinjj; vou (Jod speed and every success, '\tc. Ou 1lu> 17th, bavin;,' reached soniewhero bi-tweeu ('apes Howdeti and (Jrinnell, and wishinj^ to tj;et inshore to encamp, h(^ had lan(h'd part of his men and the despatches, but (blowinfj; a <,'ale at the time) Mr. Hellot and his other two men could not ;,'et ashore, the lloe on whicli they stood havin^j; drifted away from it. It appears that shortly after, while recoiuioitrin;^ from tlu^ top of a hununock, ]Mr. Hellot was blown olf by a violent /^'ust of wind into a ci'ack iu the ice, and perished by drowning;. Thc^ two men on the lloe, aft(!r being driven about for thirty hours without food, drifted with it on to the land on the eastern shore, and they were enabled to escaj)e, as it were, by miracle. Thus died Joseph Kene Hellot ! " The loss of this gallant ollicer," says C'a|)t. Inglefield, " has been deeply felt by all onboard; for his anuable qualities, and b(dd, adventurous disposi- tion had rendered him beloved by all that knew liim."t " The liiUn(]i} of his loxx rii)i(/ liA'o a k/icll thronyh Enr/hunl, and the luinutfivc of Ihttf. caluii'rophe will he tiludied so lour/ as men shall seek, in the annals of christian heroism and self-devotion, of active but modest and unosten- tatious philanthropy, examples of how to live and how to die^^ His name, and we have pleasure in recording it, is associated for ever with liritannia's darling sons — her sailors — at Greenwich. § The Phoenix left Heeehey Island 2;ird August, 1S53. AVe now turn to the despatelies of Sir Edward Belcher (they are * Soc ]$liio Books, 185 1, "Recent Arctic Espodition.s, &c.," pp. II t— 7. t lli,l., pp. 1!), 20. X See tlie V.iw\ of iCilcsmcro'.s Addrc.-;.-*, "Journal of tlic Koyiil (ioogrnpliical !So- c'w\\, 1851," p. Ixxxvi. § A jioli.-ilu'd granite olidisk lias since been erected, within tl ■ i^i'oinidsof (Jrecii- wieli Hospital, to the nieiia ry of the intrepid u>niiy IJeilut. 2S0 iM.ANs (»r si;\ut It ri)it stij .roiiv luvVKF.iv p ii|) lo .Inly liCttli, IS.'iH),* Our views r(';,'!iiMliiiL,' llie rtcnrcli liy the imi'tli liiiM" liri'ii siilUcii'iilly sliitwii. Mild llii' iMutc l»y tlic NVi'lliiiLjttni Cliiiiiiu'l lias been piirlieiiliirly aiiiiiiadsei led n|i(iii. We did, and liavc! ever considered it utterly \vil Imnl Imiu'. The i;allani I'raiilvliii iie\er alleiii[)t('d the si)lntiiiii of tJii' C|)ii(stion by thai ehaipu'l; we iherelore think the re-seareh of it a iisi h'ss waste of tiiiii — a uautoii HUeriliee of the distinj,'iiisliinL; adiiiiralih- ijiialit ies of onr seanieii, whe- ther ollicers or men. With such opinions, we niii,dil with reason [)ass over the elforts of Sir I'Mward Mi'leher's division; but they are our e(tiiiitryiiien, and we love lo reeord the devotion and i'nteri)risi' of K!ii;lishiiie!i, in wliate\er i|iiai'ler, and however h(i|ic|essly emiiloyed. jM'ter h'aviii'j; Heceboy Isbind, I Ith .\ii'_,'iist, ls.')'_», under most favour- able conditions, Sir I'idward Meleiier .isceiided the Wellinnton Channel, and takiii'j; advantaj^t! of his predciM'ssor's (I'eiins) diseovi'rii's, passed between ("ape Heeher and Dnndas Island. I'rocii'dini,' west, ho reaelieil an "expanse of islet-covered sea," which he named Norlli- mnbcrlaud Hound, hit. 7(1° 52' N., loun;. 5)7° W. Here he- wintered. "On the isth," from " on(^ of the lii^hest peaks of the outlyinj^ north-western island," aii,i,'les wi'-e obtained "to('a[)e Lady I'ranldin, as well as to the southern and westernmust land, where it si'euu'd to trend away to S.S.W. true; the lU'xt distant laud bore N.X.E. about ;}() or ;5') miles. . . J specially ri-mark," says Sir Edward, '" these comi'.nted distanc(>s, to sliow that, under the most favourable circuui- stances in tins climate, with lirst-rate instruments, .1 could barely, at .siu'h distances, be sure of the objects presented to my view. As fa)*, thei'i'fore, as my tdjservat ions are concerned, tliere is no loom of land between Cape Lady Franklin and tb(> newly discovt'i'ed land X.N.E., or by actual oljsi'rvatiou 113" 2' of the horizon. . . From the !j;rt'at nuition of tlu' tides and Hoes (in tlie direction lu'i'i" j)arallel to tlie channel, say X.N.W. and S.S.lv), I am satisfied that we are now in the J'olar Sea, composed, in all probability, of a great arcbi- pelago of islets and sandbanks;" tbus verilying Penny's opinion that an extensive sea existed to tlie north and west, and not a yiilf. as had \vitliout reason bi'en conjectured. August '2'.U'(\, Sir Ivlward Jjidclier, accompanied by Commander Kicliards and Jiieut. Oslxu'ii, starlt'd to the westward. On the 2.")lli. they '" laudi'd on a low point (\'illage Point), when' the coast turns .siulilciihi lo Ihf n/.sfirari/.'" ScNcral uell built J'iSipiimaux houses were liere met with. 27tli, tliey disco- vercil and took possession of a large island, naming it Exmouth * .Str Blue J'.iiok, "Et'cciit Aivtic i^x^icditiunji, lt^5l," p)i. 02, Gl!, 7;5. 11 ' , '\\ sill i;i)\vAi;i) iir.f.riir.it. 2K7 l.y Ihr rmv;ttiii ill, luul ninkliii lu'l; Nve Ml. wlu'- M)ii pas!* iiri' mir rpri.H" til' mildVi'd. I tUviiiir- Clmniul, (I Ni.i'lli- ^villt^'l'^•(l. Dutlyin.iJ! I'mnUliii, Hl'UU'll to ;.l'i. iiluiut (1, '• thofo lo c'iri'uni- bari'ly, at IS no loom H'nnl land . From MT parallol lull wo arc •oat arolii- |)iniou tliat liilf. as luul \A r.olclior, slai'toil to it (Villa-o ' Sovoral lioy ilisco- E.vmoutU Island; and on llio L'Dlli aiiotlior lai'i,'o island, Xorlli Conuvall, lal. 77'' '.V.\' :i()" N., lonj,'. about Ul" \V., was added to li.r .Majosty's tor- ritorios, also Tal)le Island." During,' tlii.s .scanli " im ilril'l wood was iiolici'd, not a (raco ot' liiiiuan brink's ; . . animal lil'o scniicd to tail af'tor i|iiiltiii'j; I'Aiiioiitli Island." Sir Ivlward remarks, " It'oiir iinrorliinatc roMiilryiiion liavo" taUcii the lloo and dril'tod willi it, '• tlicir i';isi' is liii|i('lrss, if wo may jiid;^r iVdiii 1 lir as|)cct ol' t lie llotw, , . », lirrc I lir_\ liiivo |)ilrd tlu'inst'lvcs in iayors ovlt forty foot on (//)• iiorlli-ircslfni c.rf inn i firs of llie ishnids. NVo noticed notliiii:;; e(|iial to it in Mel- ville Hay. . . Our only resource now is (he elosi' seareli ol' the const west niul south-westerly, mid north and iiorth-easlerly, \'i>v any tniees of vessels or crews, , , The tides in the parallel of 77' lo' are rej,mlar east and west, the flood comiiiy; irom the east." fSir Edward then observes : '' l-'rom our examination of this north- ern sea, 1 now feel coii\iiifi'd that the so-leriiied Smith's (?) and .loiies's Sounds are eonneeted with this northern sea. , . //' Fiunil'liii jxisscil ('(islfrlij Ihroiii/li Liiitnislfr Soinnf, Id In/ I lie (>pi'niii/' Jmirs'ti or (S'/(//7/r.v uiillitu, wc may yet i'all uju)!! his traces, ;is my own spi-inij movements will carry \\w in that dii'eclioii. . . C'ommaiKh'r i*iilleii or Dr. .M'Cormick may have already settled this im[)oi'tant (|iies(i((ii." All the parti(>s returned on the S(h Sepiemher. Onthi* 'J'Jiid Sir Edward left aj^aiu with a party, to lill up the coast line between their winter quarti-rs and Capo JJecher, but the iei' breakiiiL!; np, they wcim; k't't on ail island (lliiiij^ry Island), to t'se.ape from which, havmi; no boat, they had great dillicnlty, but pros ideiitially succeeded. Some observations then occur ou the risiKil ,!in('ui'rrirn of I'ciuii/, ■which wo pass over, referring Sir Edward to Jiis oini ;v'///fn'/'.v, just ([iioted, as to the dilliciilty, in that climate, of bi'ing sure of tlie objects |)reseiiled to view — mirage or refraction may liavo di'ceived IV'imy. On the l2'Jnd to I2i)tli March, 1S5;}, depots ot" provisions were pushed o\er to ('ai)e Lady l''ranklin. "The winti-r," it is remarked, "has been severe; — G2° 5'." On the loth April the soiilh-\v(-stei-n di\isioii started, uniU'r Commander liichards and Jiieut. Osborn, assisted by^ liieiit. May, Dr. Lyall, and other ollicers. On the 2Sth April this passage occurs: ^^ \( Sir .John i'ranklin passed through this channel to the soutiiuai'd of Harrow and I'arker Islands, and met tlic floe iiioriiii/ ti'f.s/cr/i/. //c iKrcr coidd rcarh, as fur US' ICC cdti (fi.srorrr, tin// jilncc (>/' rrf'iu/r. mnl in all iirolxihililii Jrijlid info flic Pohtr liaxin, itiiil maij fir iiiniirhcrc ii:illiiii 78 ami !)()-' A'., //' nof forced out to the nortli >f Greenland (nut Sj)ilzl)erf/)-n." We caii- b;, T,\. At-'i B' I liSM vi,\Ns or SEAiU'H roi: sik John iiiANUi-iN'. nol coniprclioiul ilii.s. Tlioro HctMiis groat conriision in tlio opiniouH roi^^jrdiiig tho tides and cunviit systom in those regions. It liaa Iteon usually received that a general aouth-easterly current prevails, sotting down IJarrow's Sli'ail, W'elliiiglnii Channel, Ijancayter .Sound, and also down .Jones's Sound; liut I'roui Ihe observations made, the gen ral (h'it't or current would ai)[)ear to set to the westward, or how could it he thought probable that i^rankliu woidd drift into Iho Polar Hasin ? and yet. to the uort// of Gri/iiir/I Liiiid, tho islands are said to have iheir nurth-iccstcni cvfrci/iifics landed willi iiiniii'iisr iii(iNist',s- of irr, which we think is iiidicdUci' of a poictrJ'itJ ciirrnif to tl:r casficdrd tln'i)iit to th(> eastward out of .Jones's Sound and to the northward into Smith's Sound. All this is very perph>xing. It seems to us very improbable llial lliere should be a goi oral easterly current setting from the Polar Sea, and yet, on tho north and south sidoa of Grinnell Land, it should run to the westward. Those cur- rents nuist be purely local, or Franklin never could bo ^'forced out" to tlie eastward, "to the north of ilreealand and Spitzhrrijeny Tho ai)[)relionsion arising from them seems to us to oe ovor-estiniated. As to tho impossibility of either Franklin {had he cjone to the north) or CoUinson makinrj easting, we think it would arise more from the preseuee of ice than from tlie W(^sterly set of tho currents. JS'or can wo see how it could be intl-rrcd that no j)laco of ri>fugo existed on tho south side of I'cimy Strait, or to the north of tho Parry Islands, from what was then known. Sir I'ldward's south-western parties wore thou en route, and on lU'w grouiul ; he could therefore know nothing as to tho trending of tho coasts, aiul what harbours of refuge they mif/ht oiler. Wo notice such observations, because Ihcy aro often productive of false conclusions, aiul lead to groat error. Tho hopeless soarch, upon which this northern division was then em/af/ed, was founded whoUi/ on imar/inarj/ conclusions, for which there was not a .s'hadow of proof Sir Edward and party started on the north-east search tho 2nd 31ay, is,'):}, lu his despatch, I2(ith July, he says, " After my April despatch, I proceedi>d to the north-east as far as tho coimectiiin with Jones's Strait (Souiulr) in i)0^ //'.. where I found the sea open, and all pror/ress obstructed on the 'lOth JA/y." Polar Sea trom l.oOO feet olo\ation, " rough sail'iig ice ;" tho eleva- tion is in lat. 7(1^ -.W \., and about 00° W. " Being cut oif by sea, / now pursued an opcnini/frotn Cape Separation {Cape d' Israeli), and reached IVdlinijton Channel,'' naming it Arthur's Strait. Here is a tiiii': niC'ir.VIiDS AM) OSIIDKX. 2S9 linious 3 1)0011 d, anil Lo, the or how D Pohir ire paid asscn of asficard rfh-itrnt i Sound ph^xinj:;. t^atitrrly id soulli icse ciu'- ccd our (." The ritiniated. he north) from the Nor ciiu xistod on ,• Ishinds, In parties n-e know of refiigi' Ihcy arc ror. The e iras not north-east ho says, as tar as H-Jicre I I/// Minjr the eh>va- i)lV by soa, v/r//), (ind 11 ore is a to hasty •h 8' Edward, liisions. towards Cape Becher, near its soutiiern entrance, says,* " J think I vioji -sdlrlii .sin/ lliiit not tlic luosl dislnnt liojtc of itiii/ coniiininirtition hi/ .s-rti r.iv'.v/.v ///, thin ilircction with Jones's Sound;" and yet here lii' soon al'\'r inalios the discovery liimselt'. Tlie party at'tcrwanls returned aijaiu to the norlliward and eastward. '* ilavinij observed the loom of land from the higli land of Mritainna C'lilf," they "started from Princess Royal Island, and readied the westernmost island, in IH'' 10' N. (?), calliniijthe Ljroup Victoria Airliipehii^o ; and the easierninost, forming the cliannel to Jones's .Strait, North Kent." N'arious other islands and ink'ts rewanU'd their pei'severiiig ellbrts. Tiiey returned to the ship 22nd .lune. 12th July. Connnaiuler Ixichards returned, having examined the northern shores of Cornwallis and Hathurst Island, and reached Mel- ville Island. " In hit. 7(5° 18' N., long. 1U1)° W., he" parted from Lieut. S. Oshorn, who xvas detached to exanniu,' the north-eastern shores of Cornwallis Island. Commander Kichards then continued his route to the north-west. Jlc soon ai'tcr fell in with Lieut. Hamilton, of the Liefiolutc, in search of des])atches from Sir Edward IJeicher. From that ollicer he learned of the safety of Capl. ]M'(^lure, and the crew of the Invest ii/afoi', and the discovery t)f the North- West Passage. Commander liicliards now found that CV)inmander INl'Cliu- tock "had poached on liis ground." Ho resolved, therefore, to coininunicate with (^ipt. Kellett. Having directed Lieut. Hamilton to the (lespatches,t he j)rocceded on, rounded the northern extreme of Sabine Peninsula (part of ]\Ii'lville Island;, and searched its western side to tlio bottom of Hecla and Griper Bay. I'l'on thence he crossed the laud to Uealy Island, and arrived on board the Fcf,o- liife 5th June. By this clever movement he was enabled to put Sir Edward Belcher in possession of all the news of the western divis'ou. He st;",'ted on his return on the Stii, passing np the western coast of Byam iMartin Channel. He then struck eastward to the north of the Parry (^«roup, to Cape Lady ]'rai>klin. During this jt)in'ney, many nt'w discov(>ries of islands and inlets were made and (>xamim'd, accom- plishing SOO miles in Ol days. Commandt'r Kichards concludes his report: J — " It is with much regret I am obliged to inform you that, * Soe Blue Book, 185 1-, " Pninrs Koliitivo Lo Aivlii- l':xiHiliti.)n>," p. (;2. t The reiuliv.vouH lor lt'iiviii;.;il(.'spntclu's was toliavi' boi'ii 77 N. ami l()5° W., 'nit Ili.'V woriMli'iiositoil 70' 32'X., and 105°-1.'\V., tin' ii.'air-l ]iiiMlii'i) tlion nttaiiialili-. I Sa- i;lu>' Uo.ik, IS.").'), "Fmtlior PajnTs Kclatiiii; to li'c.-cut Arctic J'lxpc- tlitiniis," pp. 180 — 255. :i,L, 200 rr.AXfl or SKAncu Fon sm jonv fuankltn. so far as tlic great ohjcct of our search is conpcriKMl, we liavc boon entirely unsuccessful. No traces whatever have been discovered of the missing Expecbiion, and my opinion is, that the frozen sea wu have passed over is rarely, if ever, navigable." Lieut. S. Osboru retarned on the loth Jul}' After leaving Commander liiehards, he explored several inlets and islands north of the l\arry Group, and reached Cape Lady Franklin. From that cape he examined the north-eastern coast of Cormvallis Island to Foulweather Bay (Good- air's Inlet r). He did not discover the cairn erected by Goodsir nnd JNLarshall at their farthest west, when under Capt. Penny. Lieut. S. Osboru was 07 days out ; he roughly estimates bis jouniey at 035 miles, llis remarks lead ns to infer that in tlie oiling north of the Parry Islands "tJie icn is of one season, brolani nj) by strong tides and winds, and constantly on the move at cpring tides to the end of December." He adds : — " Tlio theory of an uncongealable ocean has received from us no confirmatory testimony. . . Our journeys iu 1853, whetlier easterly or westerly, were undoubtedly along a coast, nortliward of which there existed much land." In reading over the despatches of the Belcher Expedition, we have often been tempted to give lengthened extracts, so interesting are they ; but they would have inniecessarily swelled oiu' volume. It may suffice to say, every lino tells of excessive labour, cheerful endurance, and of a gallant and persevering spirit on the part of our sailors, both ofiicers and men; it tells, too, of the absurllington Cliannel. AVe have already shown the fallacy of this noticm, not only as being at variance w.tli lus Instructions, which directed him primarily to Cape W'dker aud the south-west, but that cape not havinc, h,ni visitnl at the time It was not known whether he had reached it, and teas purminr, the coarse of hs Instructions to the south-west or not. There was a probabdity of finding traces of the Expedition south of Jinks' La.ul but scarcely a hope north ,.f it. C'aptain I\L>Clure rounded J»o.-uL Larrow without much dilliculty, and proceeded eastward, comn.uni- catiug M ith the natives. Notici-s were deposited at Points J)rew and 1 itt, Jones's Island, &e. On the 21st, he passed the Pellv Islands (iMackenzie E.ver), still j.ushing eastward. At Point Warren his laudu.g was disputed by two very ho.tde natives : having conciliated them he was informed the tribe had Mt. " A Jlat brass tmtton hcinq o^^^^erved nithcearofthechief.hv.was,,Hestionedahoutit. . . Re ?aul It was taken from a while man who had Jwen killed la, one of hi^ irthe who went awa,; . . when the rrssri wa. srrn. T/u- whUe man bdom,edto apart,, that landed at Point II arrm. a>„l Ihrrr LniH „ /,,„,, l^ohody hicw how thn, ca,ne, as the,j had nohoal, InU (hn, wrni udand liie man killed had strayed from the partv. ami he (the chief) an.l his son buried him upon a liill at a little distance." When this oc 1 H 1 H I i' 1 '''«B H B ' rS ij mS 1 I " ! 21)(5 I'l.AXS ftr si'.Aiicii roil siii joiix puankmn. (Mirrcd llicy could not iimko oiil.* 'I'lic lullowiiifj; day tlioy liuidcd n^.'iiii and Haw Iwo hiils, but roidd lain M'Clurc llicii pnicccdcd Id Cape I5atliiii'st. I Icrc he coiii- iiiimicad'd witli a line, iidi'lli;^'Oiil Iriltc ol" l'iS(|iiiiiiaiix, and left anotliiT dfspalcli. Oil the Otli Si pltMnbiT, tlicy wciv oil" llic sinall ialandb near C'apc I'arry. Tims far llii'y woro on known gnanid. Tlicy now 8t(-i'nHl to the nortliward and t-aaiward, and on llio morning oftlioTtli tlicy (liscoirrcd '■'■ h'ujh himl. . . On a|)proa( liing it, tlio main pack ajipcarod to b(! resting ou . . its iccsfcrii iliorc, which siifc,'^ says ('a[)tain IM'Cluro, " // inrs i»i/ infciifion to have coasted had it hccn pos- sible ; tlio eastern ono . . being I'oniparatively clear, as far as oonld be ascertained from llie inastliead, decided me to I'oUow tlie watt'r, suj)i)Osing it an island, round wliicli a passage would be fouiul into Ibe Polar Sea. . . The south caj)e, a line, bold headland, . . was namiMl . . Lord Nelson's Head." They landed ni>ar it, and took poss(>ssion, "calling it Maring Island," and left records of their visit. Its asci'rlaiued position was hit. 71" (>' N., long. Vl'.\° W. Capl. iVl'Clure here remarks, " AV^e observed nuniero\is recent traces of rein-deer, hares, and wild-i'oAvl : moss and divers species of wild llow(>rs wei'c also in abundance. . . IVoni an elevation obtained of aboul ')()() feet we had a lini^ view towards the intei'ior, which was well clothed with moss, giving a verdant appearance to ihe ranges of hills that n>se gradually to between t2,0()0 and Ji.OOO feet, interseded with ravines. . . The sight to seaward was favourable in the extreme; o])en water with a \ery small quantity of ice, for the distance of full foHy miles tt)wai'(ls the east, insured good progress in that direction. . . We n\ade sail to the eastward. On" the *.)th, ''land was ob- BC'ved to the eastward, extending to the northward as far as the eye conhl reach. The mountains in the interior are lofty and snow- covered, while the low ground is quite free. . . This discovery was nanu«d Prince Albert's Land, . . lat. 72° 1' N., long. 119° 25' W. Continuing to the north-east," on the 10th they "were near two rocky islets, named after . . the Princess Royal. . . The wind becoming fair and weather clearing, all the studding sails were set, with the hopes (>!' reaching iiarrow's Striit, from which we Avere now distant about seventy miles, as the water was tolerably clear in that direction. . . Oiir advance was of sliort duration ; . . the wind * Soo "A ror-onal Xiii-rativo of tlio Discovery of tlic Nortli-"\Vo>( rn^siin-," by AlfxaiuU-r Arinjlroii^', :\I.l)., K.N., F.K.Ci.iS., Surscou ai..l Naturalist of II. M.S. Livesliijator, rliaii. vi., )>. lo'J. f I I tllCMU. .(' com- imitluT islands icy now the Till till pai'k V-," ways iccn pos- J iUr as 11(»\V llu' Do found ind, . • IV it, and 1 of tlii'iv Vl-\° w. nt tvacoH s of Avild )l!iinod of 1 \vas well ?8 of liills •tod with (>\tn'nu'; 100 of full dirootion. d was ob- is the vyc iiul snow- 'ovory was 9° 25' \V. near two The wind ) wore sci', woi'o now ?ar in that tho wind rii<^:i.^'->" l>y .( of II. M.S. AI'CMMIK s ni:si'AT('itr.9. U!)/ suddenly shift(;d (o iho north-east, ami ho^^an to fresluni ; the water, wiiicli a tew hours jireviously had excited hopes of a j^ood run, heoaiiie so tliioUly Htu(Uled with Hoes, . . there was searoely siiHioienI to li(!e|) the shij) free." Alternately beset and free, tlio ^'aihuit »(iih- n lander per.sovcrcd. " Tlie wind shifting to the north-west, . . a eUar spaeo (»f two miles was the result, . . in whioh wo continued work- in|H'ctnig the waters we were now in, as •i '. i ,'' ■>' ■1 I 298 I'L.VN.S OF SEARCH FOll Hill JOHN FRANKLIN. I ill I '(I '} ■'i ' l<> i! to tlicir coTiiu'ctioii with JJarmw'rt Strait, wliioh would Hcttlc (/ir (^uvKtion of n North-Wcsl I'dnsfifjr," ('a])tain IM'Clnro " (liitcnnincd to prort'L'd ill (liat direct ion. rpmi tlic 'Jl.- Sir Edward I'arry has very correctly marked tho loniii' of the laiuiy Asceiidi.'g "a hill about (500 feet in heijj;ht, so that we could cominand an extonsivo view of forty or lifty miles, tho extreme point of I'riiico Albert's Land bore, latitude (South?) 7S'' E. true, about JJo miles; tho farthest land north, N.N.E. S miles. The .Alelville Iwland shore could not bo discovered; but in that direction the ieo appeared to be ve7y heavy, and the Hoes exceediu;^ly larii;e." The strait tliroii^di which they had passed was named Prince of Wales' Strait, a cairn was ereeted, and a record de|)osited. On the 31st, the piu-ty arrived in safety on board the ship, '* haviiiL; in nine days made, in a direct line, loO miles by obser- vations, with a ti'iii])eratiire between -|- 7° and — l."5°." The disco- very of the North- West Passage was the result of this journey; tho question of ayes was set at rest, and is thus simidy recorded in tho ship's loij;: — * " October :U, 1S50.— The captain returned at 8.30 a.m., and at 11.30 a.m. the remainder of the party, haviniilli-rii.s( shore, l.icut. CWhsutII Ihr Hoi'th-ivcut xliurc, and Mr. ll'i/iinin//, iiiafr, uorth-vtiHt shore. Early JMay (ith, !Mr. Wyiiiiiatt rcturnod, having brokt*n hia chronoinotiM' ; at six p.m. ho was a'^'aiii on routo. The 201 ii, Jiiout. CroHawL'U roturnt'd, in conMccpionce of tlio sovoro frost-bites of two of Ins men, haviny; roaohcd lat. 71" lU' X,, lonj,'. 117^ 10' W., boing absout thirly-ono days, contondiiii? aijainst "strong nortli-wost winds, . . . dillicult to walk against (/r/;yj. 15"" //r/o«) cryo). . . J Ic traced the coast-lino, which, for about seventy miles .vlonu J^axks' Ji.vM), was very precipitous, from \\hich it gradually sloped to a jtoint trending to south-wost, apparently tho extriMue of tho land in that direction, as it abruptly turned to southwards. An elevation of 1,000 feet, aided by an exceedingly clear atmosphere, left no doubt in his nnnd but that tho Polar >Sea was before him, and tliat Uanks' Land is a part of I'ai-iiig Island. . . On the 21st, a lai'gi> bear was killed. Upon examination of tho stomach an exti-aordinary medh'y was di.- coast, as far as they knt'W, which was some distance alouii; Victoria liand; this they did by tracin;,' uj)on a sheet of paper, . . continuinj^ a sketch which Mr. Miertschinjjj (the interpreter) had made, from the sliip to their tents, which they immediately eomprehended, and as tliey were very particular in })lai'in;^ the islands of Sutton and Liston, with thrci* smaller ones not. mentioned in the charts, off Wollaston Land, I am," remarks t'ajjtain IM'Clure, "fully persuaded of its correctness, and only reyretted that they could not go i'urther. They described a large land opposite Wollaston, called Nunavak Saraluk." This, of coursi>, is Amei'ica, to which they had never been, as tiiey only trade; with the Ls(piiii)aux to the soutli-i'ast, nor had they the slightest article of I'AU'opean manufacture about them. Captain M'Clnre de- Hci'ibes thiMu as "a kind, simple, purely pastoral tribe. . . Their languagi', iMr. i\liertscliing observes, is identical with that spoken on the Jiabi'ador coast." The account given of these people is very interesting. On the 7th of June, " 3lr. Wynniatt returned with his party, havuig been fifty days luider the tent, I'rom his ex[)loration of a portion of the south-eastern shores of IJarrow's IStrait, as far as lat. 72° G' X., long. 107^ i2' \V* (iX ii.),, from whence the land w^,. observed for about lifleen miles trending to the north-east ('■'). After rounding Point Peel, lat. 73° 21' N., long. 112' W W., ti..' north point of Prince Albert's Land, he reports it to be, in all respects as to formation, the same as in this vicinity for the distance of about forty miles, when, upon crossing a deep inlet, the land assumed a north- western asp(>ct, . . high, pri'cipitous, and barrcMi ; no drift-wttod ol" any description was met with, but the ice lay against its base in lieavy ami broken mas:-^cs. rurther to the eastward, a lesser ono * .Afr. W_\iiiii;ilt's Ihi'tlii'?! iMtit is inoi'-e'stiiiiali'il liy lilt v iiiilcs. Sfc Apiu'iiilix to a Piqu'r " On tlic I'ruliabli.' Coursi- pur-niiHl 1)y Sir Joliii FraiikliiiV l']x[)i'(liti(iii, " read bcl'ore tlio Koyul (.ioographical 8ot'ii;ty, 28tli Maivli, lS5(j, by Ak'x. Cr. i'liid- lay, Esq., p 0. M'ii,riii''s nr.siMTciii's. 301 11^' l<» II, ami tilKMll, i: willi y were {riving , ns fur lis ilu'y I wliifU () their 'IV very h thiro , I iini," I'HS, iiml i-riljoil a Tills, of ily Iradi) sligliti'sL ;'Uiro (Ic- . Tlii'ir loluMl (111 is very is party, ion of a ir as lat. anil \\" '^ ). After 1,.' north octs as to )()ni forty :i iiorlh- rift-wooil s base in oi^sor ono Aiipi'iulix xpi'ditioii, " X. G. Fiiul- wan ciroMniainhnlatcd, havini; iii it several snmll JHlnntlH, with ila Hoiitliern siiorc Inriued of .stratilied clills, havliiLj; an elevation of iihont SOO ffcl. . Ljinii Ihe lOLli, Lii-iil. ( 'res.swfll, liaviii;,' eiim|iU'tiMl nineti'eii days, retnrurd from Iuh seari'h towards the Hoiith-wesl (to lat. "r 1(» N., loiiL,'. \'2'.i' J.' \V.), iiialviiiLr, in the al,'!,'rel.^•lte. lifly under th(! tent; diirin;j; wliieli he has coasted t hree sidi's of llariiiL; Island." v\ cairn was erected, nnd a cylinder depusited, at ("ape Ijaiiihtoii. 1'lie animal life is represented as very ahnndant. " At the [iresent time (Jinio) hoth shores of tho strait are covered with wildfowl of every desci'i|)tioii, ninsk o.\en, deer, hares, ptariiii'.,'an, and ;^olden plover. . . All heinj; now on board, ami in excellent health, onr season's oiierations may he considi-red to have terminated fortu- nately. . . From the dose examination which has l)eeii made over a vast extent of coast, whoso direct distance, hy ol)ser\atioii, emhraccs SOO miles, to whicli a third may he added for the dtnions windinifs of the coast-line, withont ohservin;.; the slii,dite.st veslii,'es (»f any spar, or other indication of civilized man liavinu; reaclied these shores, 1 am fully conlidi'iit," remarks ("aj)tain JM't'hire, " lliul llic Jiiissinf/ Expctlilion under Sir Joint Franklin has never pcnetralcd fou'urds the Polar Seit in litis direction, an mnie portion of the iuiiiimNe nuifis iif'atores, upars, or J/tments with which these ships were prodded viust have been picked itp, when drift-wood of veri/ iiieunsideralile dimensions did not escape observation.''^ The lirst indication of open water occurred on July 7th. " JliMiifv amon,t;;st loose ice on tho 17th, they made sad. . . Ou the 2()th, a ]its to the southward, u|)on which there is scarcely any wood." Still they persevered, but on the KUh tiiey "found the vessel had been drifted lifteen miles to the soutli-west. As there was, JKjwevcr, h: 1 ^F^' i. : 'E ' 302 I'l.ANS OV SKAltCMI 1011 Sill JOHN FUANKMN. ^■!! f III il PI 'i : m opou water to llu> eastward, every exerlioii was made to reaeli it;" they " Hiieceeiled, worUiii;; aloiij^ llie eashM'u sliore to as'-c-rlaiu wlia* prnhabilitv exisU'd ot'beiiifj; abli' to round the pack, and thus j;et into Barrow's Strait, not distant nmri' than twcnly-llse iiiiU's. At nine, a.m., ail li(t])es disappeareil, as a eh-arview t'roiii tlie crow's nest diseo- veri'd the iee to 1)(> eiosi-ly |)ael nnl)roken line to (he opposite* side ol" the strait. Tins," savs tlie i;alhint eonnnander, " (U'tei'iiiined lue \o give up all idi'a of prosii'uliuii; our seai'eh in t!iis direetion; having been loilinl in attein|itiug this pjiissage tlie latter end of one season, and at the I'onnueneenienI ot" another, 1 considered it not practicable, e.vcept under the favourable circumstances of a eontinuanc(> of south-westerly winds, whi.h would drive the ice into IJarrow's Strait ; but / iiiiin/iiif llwrc troidJ he tilllc ilil)!citllii in coiiiiii;/ J'roiii Ihr iiorl-li-ciisl, I'rom w hich (piarter we found the winds prevail: lun' greatest advance in that diri'clion was lat.7;r 1:5' to' N., long. 11.') ;{2';^()' W. Accord- ii.gl.v , ■" wt" boi'i> up with the inti'ution of running to the southward of .Nelson's Head, and contiuu.ing oni- search along the western sidi' of IJa ring's Isl.md, wit h the hope of reach in^ t he I'ut rauce of Darrow's Sti'ail by that I'oute, as IVoni the rei)ort of liieulenant Cresswi-U I felt convinced, that by liauks' Land then' is a passage' from the I'olar Sea." They roiinded .Nelson's 1 lead, .\ugnst 1 7th. lU't wei'ii t'a|ie l,and)toil and I'oinl i\ellett the Land gradually recedes to the north-west. Point Kellet'i was c\ar,uned, and was reported an t'xcelKnt and com- modious harboui', well sheltered from thi' north-west to sout h, the beach, shin''le and coM'reil with drift-wood. .\ cask contaiuinir iv notice was lefi there, its positive lat. 71" oil' N., long. PJo ' 12!)' \V'.; from tins the land I urns abrupt ly nort h by cast." On the lOth they " pas.sed between two small islands 1_\ ing at the entrance of what a[)peared a deep inlet ; . . il had "i bai'rier of ici' extending across, which |)revi'nteil e.\aminalion ; . . near two olhei' islands, the ii'C resting upon the wi'sti'rnmost, upon which the pressure nnust have been excessive, as barge masses wwo ['owvA neai'lv over its sununit. wliich was upwards of forty feet." Thev ran through a chamiel "bi'lween I bcse and the main, when an immediate and mai'ked change look placi' in the gent ral appearance and formation of the land; it became high, precipitous, sterile, and ruggi'd, intersected with dee[) I'avines and watercoursi-s," with dee]) water close \o the dill's. The ])ack "' was wilhin half a mili> of the shore, "and in many phu'cs close to it ; so thai, to a\oid being beset," thev "had ni'arly 1 "J '• u wliii* rt't into A iiiiu', it disfo- [y Koiss, I' i^lrait. n u|) iiU 'U loili'il il at llio •, cxi'rpt wosU'i'ly ' imtKjiiic isf, ';Viiii> AillUV ill Ai'i'ord- .mlliwanl i[v\'n ^id"-' llarrow's i'i'ss*\vi'll 1 ,aml)ton 1. . . ml (.'t'ln- iitainiiii^ llio l5)Ui raiK'C of xti'iidinj); r island!^, uvc must over ila irmii;h :i liati- and niaruin ot" itlTSfctt'd I'S M'climK'H DKSl'ATCIlEa. m:\ isr to tilt' d ill many uul uoarly to toiicli till' land. . . On sinoral oirasiona tlio boats wore oniii- pcllcd Id Itf 1(i|)|)i>d ii|), and joules used lo Ut't-p tlii> vomscI from oU'llu' jfrouiidcd ice, wliich t'xtciids all aloiii^ (he coast ; nor coidd tliry "round-ti>," t> ai-ful o['c(/rn/iiii/!istward of this cape. Our critical position," remarks C^iptaiii .M'C'liire, "would not admit of any deleiiliou, . . beiiifj; very anxious to lind a seciin> retreat iu the event of havinjj; to winter on the coast;" the wind "now veeri'd to the west-south-west, bringing fog and rain, . . so that, on the I20tii, oiu' further progress was im[)i'di'd by liiiding the ice resting upon a point which formed a slight indentation of the shore, and was the only place where water could b(> seen. To prevent bi'ing carried away with the pack," tlu>y " securi'd to . . a heavy pii-co id' ice, . . the only protection against the trememlous Polar ice, seltingaknot per hour to the ri/tsV^rr^n/." 'J'he position of the slii|) was now most critical : she was at araiice of the setting in of the winter, 1 considered, says Captain iM'Clure, "our further ])vogi'esa stoppei! until next year. . . A most interest iiig discovi'ry was made in lat. 71' 27' N., long. 1*22° ;}2' W., of a raiii^e of hills composed of om> entire mass of wood, in every stage, from a pet riliu't ion to a log lit for lireuood. Spci'imens were obtained, Jl ft. 10 in. in girth, ami 7 I', in length. Tlie.se were found at^ an elevation of )>(•(( feel alio\i' the lu'acli. . . The country has line vallevs, well coNcriil with ver- dure," and seems to abound in musk o\en, i.\wv, liaies, |)tai'nugan. I'rom the lOlh to the I'.Mli exery exerlion was umiI, csirs method adopted, by blasting the ice, .'vc, to force llu' ship li'oiu liei' exposed [losilion — open to the wholi" |)r(ssio'e of the i'olai' pack, Miri'ounded by dangers on every side. On llie I'.Mli llicv [lassed Toint > 'uhpdiouii, " the if(^ to I lie eastward of w liiih was much largt'i'and more massive." i'ursuing their pi-rilous way. on the 2(ll!i tliey were I'oi'cimI into the pack, but extricated themstdves. The pn^ssure near ('a|)e Austin (Mt'lure) was so great as to force the ice up the clilf full se\enty AtAm.xi^m BBH mi TLAXs or sKAncii roit srit .roiix ruAXKMX. li '« feet. 21st. Tluy passed tliat capo, "grazing round it witliiu lil'toon yards." Again, tliey wci'o t'oni])olled " to make fast beiioatli a clifK, wlio?>c suiiiniit, nearly pluiiiljiiig tlic liateliways, rL'udi'rcd " tlu-ir "po- sition very uusatb, many Iragincnts appearing so loose, . . tli;it a sliglit concussion v.'ould have brought th"m down." I22ud. Tliey reached Cape Crozier, upon tlie soutli-eastern side of Avliicli the ice was resting." C'apt. M'C'lure lierc " examined the coast-line : towards file soutli-east a deep bay exteiuled thirty miles in that direction, . . lilled Avith ice moving to the westward," but "much less forniitlablc . . to that " they had been subjected, lie says, "Iiuleed, since roHiuUnfi Cape Austin it has lost viuch of its terrible aspect, which led to the inference that we were ftirlij in littrrow^s Strait, and that the main Polar pack takes a direct line from thclast-mentioned cape to the east-north-east, and is carried .lown Barroic''s Strait ; and that which fills these bai/s is the comparativeh/ small ice which drifts from its southern edrje, as \.e have invaria' 'y remarked that there is a decidedli/ eastern current, -which impels tlie enormous Polar does on that course, while the lighter, influenced by wind, is oftentimes setting in an o])posite direction." Early a.m. of the 2;}rd, " open water, and a wind from westward," enabled them to run close along the shore, on whidi rested a line of thin ice, rendering the eiitrauces of what ajjpeared three good harbours inaccessible. 7.30 p.m., they ran o' " a mud- bank," but, after much exertion, they hove the vessel off. At ilay- light of the 21th, they found they "were on the north-west side of a large bay, whose eastern limit bore north-east eight miles, which," they " subsecpiently found, formed the Avesteru point of Banks' Land. . . Still, wishing to see if any pessibility remained of gt'tting down Barrow's Strait," they " stood to the north-east, when, observing froMi the crow's nest no water in that direction, 1 determined," says Captain j\L'Clure, "to make this our winter quarters. Having re- marked, on the south side of the bank on which we had grounded, a Avell-protected bay, we aucliored, and that night were lirndy frozen in; wiiich, in grateful remembrance' of the nuiny perils that we had, during the passage of that terrible Polar Sea, escaped, . . have named it the Bay of Mercy," hit. 71° 0' X., long. 11S° 15' W. ; thus finally tei'minating this short season's operations. Preparations were now made for passing another winter. On October 1th, 31r. Court was sent to coiniect " their " position with tliat visited by Ijieutenant Cresswell in INlay last, . . distant eighteen miles. . . On the 7th he returned; -which service completed the search around the eiii iiv coast-line of this island, lie reported open water a few miles L til'teeu L a elilV, oir " po- that a .d. Thoy li the ioo towanlti on, . • (riuuliiblc I'd, since ichicJi led I that the ■:ape to the 'hat u-hich i from its I ilccidcdli/ lat course, :m^ iu an uid a wind \ on whioli it appeared " a mud- At day- t side of a jri, ^vhieh," .nks' Laud. Itiug down observing ined," says Having ro- ;rouiu\ed, a rmly frozen Kit we bad, . bave \V.; tbus at ions were :Mr. Court Jjieuteuaut Oil Ibe around tlie a few miles m'cluue's despatches. 305 from the sborc, wliieb, gradually extending, reached the clilfs of lianks' Land upon the 6th ; detached the heavy grounded land ice from their base," drifting "it to the nurtli-west. . . That cccii- iiig no ice could be remarked in the strait, the whole being set into the Folar Sea. . . 10th. Mr. Saiusbury, mate, went to examine an inlet which appeared to run some distance to the south-west, from the south side of the bay ; but upon the following day returned, finding it extended only twelve miles;" it " terminated in a large marsh." The shooting parties were now very successful, and during the whole wiuter, excepting during three weeks iu January, when it was too dark. On April 1st, they had upwards of 1,000 pounds of venison hanging to their yardarms. . . The winter," remarks Capt. M'Chu'e, " has beci nuich more boisterous, but in each month several degrees more mild than was ex[)erienced in Prince of Wales' Strait, ncarli/ a degree and a half fnrtlicr south, last year, which, iu conjunc- tion with the animals remaining in numbers in this localitg the entire 'cint''r, must, I suppose, be taken as a i^roof of its mildness, although alicags ejjjosed to the north-west winds, direct from the Bolar Sea, which, upon our being lirst frozen iu, led to the anticipation . . of a very severe season. . . Being desirous of visiting AV'inter Har- bour, 31elville Island, with the hope of meeting an olllcer witli whom arrangements might be made in the event of any accident occurring which would render it necessary to quit the ship," Capt. JM'Clure, with ]Mr. Court (second mastei") and a sledge party, started on April 11th, 1852 ; but in consefiuence of continued thick weather did not reach there until the 28th. " ILiving deposited a notice of their visit under the same cairn that Lieutenant jNl'Clintock left one last year, upon a large fragment of sandstone ; " the well known sandstone, bearing the inscription of the ILecla and Griper having wintered in the adjacent harbour, under Parry and Lyddon, in 181i)-20, A. I'isher, sculpsit ; they returned, " travelling on Jlat ice nearhj the entire wag, accomplishing in ten dags what occupied eighteen on the outward trip, and reached the shi[) on 3lay 9th, wiiere they received satisfactory reports as to the sanitary cuiidilion of the crew, and that the supply of venison continued abundant. June ;}0 was an entire day of heavy snow ; and on July 1st, they " found the ice had increased its thickness four inches during the last month. The crew now showed " evident signs of debility, . . and decided scorbutic tendency, . . plainly," says the gallant eoiniiKiiider, "the ell'ect of tlie late Iieavy labour in ballasting and walcring ; but as all our work is on board, their gradual return to perfect health may be anticipated. On the '^th X 'h:w no(j I'T.ANs or HKAncii ron sru .\o\\y i-irwicMX. iwi) muHk bulls were killed, uliosc f^'ross wcii^lit was \,'']iM) pounds, _\ ifidiii^ (!5() pounds (if cxcM-llcnl licet'. More Mscpiiiniuix Inits were loiiiid, Mild (lie (piest ion is siii;u;esled, '* Why should lliey have tpiit led an island idioundiiif:; thron^dioui llw; year with <:;aiii('? except, as IIk' l'jS(piiiiiaii\ inlcrprcti'c olisei'vcs, bay was eomiiletely IVo/.cmi ov(M'; ;ind on the 27(h, to 1!)°; . . the youiiL!; iee iv.o inches a^id a liaif thick." ('apt. .M'Cliiri remarks, " Tlu> summer was fairly tj;oiie, tli(> uplands are all snow-covered, the wild fowl all departed, and the llowers, xvliich jj;ave cheerful variety to this bleak land, are all withered; the very season maybe consi- dered .\s one Ioiil;; sunless day, as since -Mav that h. miliary has been seareel}' visible. . . I felt assunnl," he says, " that the winter had fairly set in, and all hopes of any release this yeiir totally annihilated. On the Sill Sej)leiiiber [ announced my intentions to the crow, of sendini; half of them to Kni;laiid luvxt April, rid Hallin's Bay ami the IMackiMi/.ie, detaining the remainder xvitli the hope of extrioatini!; the vessel in ISo;?; or, failing that, to proceed with sledges, in 1X51, by Port Leopold ; our provisions admitting of no other arra:;gemont. Although we bad already been a twelvenionth upon two-thirds allow- ance, it was necessary to make preparations tor iii(H>ting eighteen months more; a very sincn* deiicivalion, and constitutional test, but one which the servic(> calls for." ]!(> adds, "The vessel heiiig as sound as tlu- day she iMitcM'ed the ice, it would be discredilabl.' to desert her in ISOI?, when a tiivourahle s(-asoii woiihl run lu>r thro'igh the straits, and admit of reaching I'Jigland in salety, where the suc- cessful achieveinent of the long-suught-for and almost hopeless disco- very of the Xorth-AVost Passage would be received with a satisfaction, that will amply coini)ensate for the sacritices made and hardships endured. This s^ltement was well rtn-eived" by the gallant fellows. SepttMiiber 2ttli. "This is the auniviM'sary of our arrival ; the contrast is very remarkable. We eiiteri'd the bay with a temperatui-e at 'i'i', >r'cL(Tnr.'s dksi'atchi's. ;i07 Ills wcro jy 1»(; tlio but liUle vard, anJ V wiles in tVoin *ln' \(l, wliifli li l>ii(l tin- ■rlv in-ross :\n;iiin, iuul , the out in- . . tlu- , iH'iHiirks, ivcnnl llu' •fill variety V bo coiisi- 'y bas been winter bail uuiibilatod. ,) tbe erow, ;s Uay ami oxlrioalint; ■s, in 1S'')1, ■a;-t!;einent. linlri allow- rr oio;bteen onal test, si'l being as vditabl' to un- tbrivigb re tbe suc- u'less iliseii- satist'aetion, (1 barilsbips ant fellows. lu> c"ui\trasl iliire at li-i , and not a parLielo of ice in it ; to-day it stands nt 2", witli ieo wbicli lias never moved, and (>very indication ot' a very severe winter." ()etol)er 'iotli. ''Housed the vessel (»\er, and pi'e[)ared to meet it. 2(itli, being the seeond anniversary of our diseovery of tbe ' Passage,' and the last we should bo together, the occasion was ceiebrati'd by a small additional allowance of provisions and an extra glass of grog. The evening was passed most jovially, in singing and dancing. During tlie winter (h'er were met with, ninety at one; time and fort^;' at another, but wild; also hares and ptarmigan." The Christ- mas festivities ])a8sed with the greatest cheerfulness. "J launches of venison, hnnvs roasted, aud soup made of the same, with ])tarMiigau and sea-pies, such dainties, in such profusion, 1 should imagine never before graced a shi|)'s lower deck ; " and all "enjoying sucli e.vcellent health, so joyfid, so happy. . . 1 could not but feel deeply im- ])ressed (writes tlui gallant ollieer) as I contemplated the gay and ])l(>nteous sight, Avith the many great mi-rcies which a Kind and beiuv iicent I'rovidence had extended towards us." .March 1st, ISoM, the following I'ciiiark occiu's: "The cold of tlu- last two months was excessive. Jaiuiary showing a mean of — ■ if, being 17^ below the corresponding jjeriod last year, and one day it fell to — Oo"." They invariably felt i\w i/rcah'sl cold irhcn llic wind trd.sj'ro/i) Ihr suiil/i-soitf/i- trcsf ijuar/er diirinj both iriiifi-rn ; whfn from the nurlli. Ihe i/Iit,sft rosr, fnid ii't/s- liii/hcHt when it iran C((.sfrr///. These low temperatures, with an insulliciency of bring, caused much moisture between decks, which was materially felt by the crew. ''To these may b(3 added the long time they bad been on a reduced allowance of food ; but they improved as the season advanced. Preparations were now made for sending away part of the crews to England; some by tbe INlackenzie and others by Pallin's iiay. On the loth those intended to travel were placed on full allowanct>. On April 5th the temperature at noou exposed to the sun, -\- W." Capt. M'Clure remarks, " The extreme severity of the winter is ovt-r. . . On April loth it is my intention to start the parlies destined to make their way to England." On April loth,* details are gi\en as to what bis oj)erations will be in iSot, in the event of not getting to England in IboJJ. These details we need not enter upon, 'fhis letter is written evidently under sad depression of feeling; it conebdes, " Althougbwc have not succeeded in obtaining information wIik'Ii could throw the slightest clue upon the fate of our missing co;.ntrymen, I tio|)e that the services pi'i-- * IJluc lliiuk, "Tiipiis Kc'aliv.' In K.'.crit Aivlic Mxinilit i..ii-, Is.")!,"' j.. (io. il Ill SH I 308 PLANS OF SEAIICII TOR Sill JOHN KnANKLIX. formed in the tracing of a very groat extent of coast-line, the discovery of much new hand, a portion inhabited I)y a simple and primitive people not liitherto known, and, above all, the accurate kaowledge of that I'assaoe uetwkkn the Atlantic anj> I'aciimc Oceans, which for so many Innulred years has battled maritime Europe, . . will, I trust, bo considered events sulliciently interesting and important to elicit . . a tavourable consideration of our si-rvices." JJnt it luid pleased God a speedier and happier termination to all their labours and privations Avas nearer at hand than they expected. IJe- fore succour and rescue arrives, wliilst as yet the hivcstUjator is tenanted by the gallant hearts who had guided her in safety half over the globe, that she might enter upon her j)erilous but sacred mission, soon to be deserttnl herself, a few remarks on this important voyage may not be out of place. But first let us pay tribute to ('apt. ]\['Clurc, his excellent olHcers and erew : their skill, energy, and de- termination connnand our higliest admiration and warmest praise. Theirs was the honour to he the first to nncigate a ship along the coasts of Arctic America; theirs the solution of tlte long agitated (juestionof a North-West Passage. It will be seen the seai'ch for our luifortu- nate countr^'men, exclusive of the American coast-line, extended from lat. 70° 38' to 74° 29' N., and from long. 107° -12' to 125° 2'.)' W. These limits comprelieiul Jiaring Island, Prince of AVales' Strait, and the northern part of Prince Albert's Land,* — new discoveries, which connected the lianks^ Land of Parrg, within a few viiles, to Dr. line's farthest north-west jjoint on Ji '^ullastoii Land. Tiiis of itself was of gi'cat importance, as the space hetween these two lands had hitherto been a Hank on our charts ; and it was, too, on the direct soiith-ioestern route from Cape Walker ; hence it was not lunvasouably inferred, that Franklin, if successful in following the course indicated hg his In- structions, might here be found, emerging to the westward. Unhap- pily, the examination afforded not the slightest trace that the Expe- dition had been anywhere along tliis whole coastline, or on either of the shores of Prince of AVales' Strait, or on Pauks' Land. On the west side of Baring Island, we could not thiidv traces would bi' found; but the search between Banks' and WoUaston Lands did * Here one of those singular coincidences occurred so often noticed in the course of the search. Lieut, llaswell was on tlie north sitle of an inlet (afterwards called Alhert's Sound) on Slay 1 1th, 1851, and Dr. Kae was on the south side of the same inlet on the 2Kh ; only ten days aiul thirty miles belween them. It has often been said, these eoineidences arose from want of arraiif,'eineiit ; we really cannot see it— how is an aiTangcment to be made for nurting on an unknown ecasi ? iscovcry irimitivc rk-dgo of ;a, Avhiclv . will, inpoi'tant ' lint it all their ted. Be- iKjator ia ,' half over (1 mission, mt voyage ) to V-A\)t. ry, and de- cst praise. g the coasts question of ur \mfortu- ended from .2-5° 20' \V. Strait, and Dries, Mhieh Dr. line's was of great herto heoi a wstern route [ferred, that hj/ his In- d. Unhap- it the Expe- . on either Land. On |cs would be 1 Lands did [d in the course Itci'wanls called lith siiilc of the ItluMU. It li:*'' ,Mit ; wc vcally liiknown coast •' CAVT. M'CI-tUE. 309 good service, altliougli nnauceessful, as it affbrdrd still stronger eeidcnco that Franklin luitl not (tHnincil such hirije westing as was supposed; and therefore^ as no trace of him was diacorered In/ Austin's western 2')arties along the southern shores of the I'arri/ Islands, or at Melville Island, it could only bo concluded, that, in seeking h;?nwe must look for him more to tlie eastward, in Melrille Sound ; and liore wo must regret that the searcli of JMelviUe Soimd was not made a primary olijcct; the search slioiild have been exhausted in that direction. By and llu'ougli tliat sotuid Franklin was especially directed to proceed. It funned tlio groundwork of the plan devised by Sir John Barrow for the sokition of the great problem ; but it seems on all occasions to have been avoided, for some reason whicli is inexplicable to us. Ca[)t. jM'Chu'(> at this time was not aware of the partial search of its eastern side l)y Capts. Otnmaney and Osborne ; it was, therefore, all open for his examination, and should liave been done. We nmst confess we shoidd have looked for some traces of a retreating party in Prince of AV^ales' Strait, for the report of the party at J'oint AVarren we do not consider satisfactorily cleared up. AV^e sliall now follow the course of the Investigator afti-r she left Cap(! liatltxirst, noting occasionally the currents she experienced on this eventful voyage. AV^hen Baring Island was discovered, with tlie ice resting on its western side, Capt. Al'Clure had no alternative but to follow the open water to the north-east, up Prince of AVales' Strait ; but it will be remembered his object was to examine the western and northern sides of Melville Island, and to the north of the Parrg Group, on to Wellington Channel. Having reached lat. T.\° 14'' 19" N., long. 115° 32' 30" A\^., his extreme north-east limit in that strait, he found the ice impenetrahle, a current setting to the southward on the icestern side, and a slight one to the north-cast on the eastern side, lut both considerahlg under the injluencc of the prevailing winds. The southerly current seems to have j^i'edominated ; but this is no more than one might hav^ expected, from the Jcnoivn general easterlg direction of the current between BanJcs^ Land and Melville Island. The course of this current to the eastward would be, deflected to the southward, through Prince of Jfl/les' Strait, and hence its northern entra)ice would become ice-blocked. Ca])t. INI'Clure regrets he could not get through, but ])erhaps it was fortunaie k)r hiui that he could not ; for, had he, might lie not have become involved and embarrassed by that south-east drift so ])ortentously spoken of by the Bosses? (see ante, ])p. 52 and 7i)) and perhaps have shared the fate of the Erehus and Terror, if no more exertion had been made for his rescui" (from Cape AValker to the '^i'll w If- ;U() Vr.ANS Ol' Sl'.AKCri VOM sill JOHN rHAXICMX. soiith-wcsl, tliaii liMs Itt'cii lor tlii" iiiiiwitcH of lliosc iiii!ort,imato Hliipa; Ho), lliut \\A' arc iiicliiu'd to pin our I'ailli 1o all tlic iissuiiu'd liorrors of this fatal ri'i;ion ; it, was iiii\ isitcd, ami tlicrcforo mikiiown. I5ul it pleased l'ro\ ideiice ;'iat lie slididd iiol, ^^et llii'oii^li ; still t-lie lesaoil lliis iee-bloeUed ciiamiel ^^ave it would have hi'eu wise to have reinoiu- l)ere been really api)alliug. The enormous masses were now found driven home to the dills, and the wonder is how he succeeded in g(4ting his ship through at all, After rounding Ca])e Austin, a marked change is noticed in tin; ice, " it has lost much ,)f its terrible aspect." J'Vom this Capt. jM'Clure infers " we are now fairly in Barrow's Strait, and that the main Polar pack takes a direct line from that cape to the east-north-east." 27iis is, no tfoii/d, jxtrfiiil/i/ the Jat'l, Inil iiof all : flic hnyc iiirisfics of ice nloii;/ llie .sliorrn of the whole of the iresleru and norLh-a-csleni sides of Jiaviiii/ Island told a tale east/ of interpretation, the kej/ of lehieh was to be found between Capes AlJ'red and ^liistin. Ttiei/ told (fa larrje northern and western sea, havini/ a current settin;/ to the eastward, tint arreslal and tamed aside in a south-east direction In/ the jiresence of some obstacle to the north and west of their position ; sai/ of land : bearincj onward the heavji Polar pack di recti i/ajainst the opposing north- west shores of liarin;/ .Island ; and hence the henvij pressure there. Here the main jxick would divide : the i/reater portion would follow the southern, trendiiif/ of those shores, and the lesser the course of Jianks' Strait, Thei/ told further that the western liiuil of this north-west land might be nearh/ defined bi/ the altered aspect and drift oj' the foating masses east and west of Cape Austin : for ij' this north-west land did not e.vist no change could have occurred, but the whole northern coast of liarinq Island would have been open to the same terrlfc ejfects as at that cape, and u-estward to Cape ^llj'red. Bat the line of heart/ pressure ceasing at Cape Austin, the masses were hj't free, and, obeging the general current, gloated ojf easlerlg and norlherlg ; theg were, in short, within the shelter and r'Idii r( salting from tin position uaviga- VUVihI, ami nortli-east I' ononnous .' womli'V is >r rouudin.u; it has lost L>r3 " we are ack takes a is, 110 donht, ij ilic sliorft n'iiii/ Island lo bo found orllirrn and nrslcd and vine obstacle 'I onward ihc rs ofUarinij pack would li'if/ of those told further '(trill defined and west of •hanr/c could /inland icould ltd westward iiKj at Ciqw cral current, I. within the ih-wcst land J I' w'c aro I'iHjlit, in llic inlorcrift's we liavo drawn, they j^o stroni,'ly to pi'ovc Mil- csistnicc of ii ^I'ciit uoHli-wcslorn s(>a, hut wlii'tlier open or not ri'iiiains to he proved ; slill, Kjokin/j; to Wranj^idl's disc(nx'rirrt, and to the tact nolici.'d by M'Chuv, that the (/lass rose when the wind was /'rum the north, tee inai/ with reason, iina(jine his Poli/nia lo extend In the north Wh\w) llie passaije might he made. C'a|it. i\l'( 'hire docs not sstatc the phiii he shall adopt I'or fretting throui^ii Hanks' Strait; whether ho shall wait until o[)ou water i)ro- scnts a t'avourahic pi-ospcct of j^'i'ttiiiL,' across to •Melville Island, or shall throw his slii[) into the |)aclv, and drill with it to the eastward, laliinif advantai^o, of conrst-, of any had to the northward. Tho chance by the former init,dit be rare, and io adopt the hitter seems like temerity ; but not so mnch so as would at first sight appear. Pnrrj/, in attempting to get west hg tliis strait, had the general current against him ; in the case before us, jlPClure, in trging to get east, would have it in his ft\veen Baring and 3l(>lvillc Islands ; if any one could have overcome them he would. Wo have quoted very ])rofuselyy)"o;« Capt. M'Chirc's (IrspafcJics, we have done so for this reason ; — f/iaf cnteiyt'is'uig com- mander settled the question, that trulif British question, of a North- If'est Passage, and we feel it cannot he too often printed, or too wideli/ known, that it was done by Britain. ^Vlas ! that I'rankliu and his gallant associates were not restored to join in the exultation, that another wreath had been added to their country's ianie. May 10th, 1853. — Lieut. Pirn was despatched by Captain Kellctt from Melville Isla'idtothe Jlarbonr of INI ercy, where he arrived April (J (thermometer ranging from — 10° to — 50°). I'or a description of the meeting between that enthusiastic young ofl'icer and all on board the Investigator, wo must refer the reader to Capt. iVfClure's letter to Capt. Kellctt, jNIay 2, 1853 : he says,* " All description must fall below the realitv. . . The heart was too full to articulate. . . The sick forgot tlu^ir maladies ; the healthy their despondency. Such a setMie can never be forgotten ; all was now life, activity, and joyful astonishment. , . In the twinkling of an eye the wholo crew were changed." The commander, officers, and crew of the Investigator, being now in comnnniication with that warin-hearted, efficient officer, Capt. Kellett, may be, under Providence, now consi- dered safe ; preparations were instantly made for the removal of the sick. April 7th. Lieutenant Pim, with Capt. M'Clure and party, started for Dealy Island, and arrived on board the liesoJute, Capt. Kellett, on April 19th ; another party soon followed. When the des- patches left a survey was about to bo held on the remainder of the crew ; and if not more than twenty eflectivc volunteers to remain by her, the Investigator was to be abandoned. Commander Pullen's despatches arc to August 24th, 1853 ;t they * See Blue EooIj, " Paiicrs Eclativc to Eeccnt Arctic Expeditions, 185 1," p. 1)1. t Ibid., pp. 103 to 1 17. COMMWDKU IM'I.LF.N'. :n;{ ;M ! p 80 fllH iMiiiri' re iH'^'i'C't ! gallant in ollicor nuterinsj; 1(1 ability passage, oil not to (ucouutcr ovorcomo W Chirrs sing com- a North- too U'idi'Ii/ u aiul liif* itiou, that in Kollett •ivcd April cription of 1 on board i's letter to fall below Tbe ency. . • ivity, and lie whole w of tbe in-bearted, now consi- ,al of tbe and party, iitc, Capt. en tbe des- ider of tbe remain by 853 ;t tbcy 185 1," p. 91- 3V admit of few exirarts: tlie followiuii; only oomo within our object — the direction ol'tlie search for Sii- .Jolm l''nnililin. Aiif^ust lS)lh, ISo'J. - Dr. M'C'orinick started with a boat parly to explore the «'astcrii whores of Wellington Channel, and round liaring ]Jay, to ascertain if any channel existed to the eastward, comnunn- catint; with Jones's Sound. August 2()th. — Coiinnander I'ullen left with a boat party to <>x- ainino the coasts between Cape Kiley and Ma.xwell IJay : the head of the latter had not been determined, it too was supposed to connuuni- catc with Jones's Soiiiul. On SepteujbiT 2nd, Coiinnander Pullon returned. The land was found to be contiiuu)us all round thi; head of jNIaxwell Bay. Xo traces of our countrymen Aven* detected; he found other circh'S of stones, similar to those at Cape Kiley, and had no doubt but they were the remains of old Esiiuimaux encampments. September Sth. — ]Jr. IM'CormicIv returned, having, notwith- staiuling a continued series of heavy gales from the north-west, examined every nook in the coast-lino north to Baring Bay, and sledged from that bay to Point Owen; from thence, at an elevation of 300 feet, he had a view of the curve of Prince Alfred's liay ; but found no passage running eastward into Jones's Sound, nor any traces of the presence of our missing countrymen in this direction. Dr. M'Cormick's narrative* abounds with valuable notes and observations, which the limited object of these pages does not permit us to take advantage of. AV^e cannot coincide with his views re- garding tbe course of Sir John Franklin after he left Beecbey Island, but we cannot but respect them, because we believe them sincere. AV^e must make room for the following extracts from his " ]{emarks on the Search for Sir John Franklin, the Probable Position of the Erehns and Terror, and Fate of their Crews:" he says, " IMy expe- rience during the late voyage, and winter passed on the very same spot where Franklin spent his, and where all traces of him cease, have most decidedly conlirined nu> in the opinion 1 had ventured to express in my plans of search some five years ago, viz., that the missing Expedition passed up the AVellington Channel into the Polar Sea, and was to be sought for amongst the archipelago of islands and drifting packs of ice, with which that sea is most unquestionably eiu'umbered. . . ^ly reasons for coming to the conclusion I th(>n did, need not be recapitulated here, they have been fully explained iu * See Blue 13ook, "Tapers Kclutivc to the Ikcciit Arctic Kspcditious, 185V' pp. 187 to :i25. '': ii •Ml VI.ANS (»!' Sl'AUCIl rOU Sltl .fOlIN III.VVKMV. my ])liiiiH, sul)iiutt(.'(l lit lli(> tiiiif, 1111(1 Hiil)st'(|U('ntly in the year iSoO-'J." As wf liiivc '_;iv('M lln' wlioli' (if Ihc Doctdr's |i|iuis ("sec (in/r, pp. (i'». l)l', llli); III llicsc uc iiiiot ri'Irr I lie nailer, lie ailds, " I am dt' opiuiiiii lliat sli'ilyiiiL,' pai'lirs tVum his Hlii[)rt hail hwn up Wcllini^toii ('haiiiirl. . . 'i'hrir traclvH rmiiKl Cape Spriicrr, in the (lircctinii nl' ('a[)c I5ii\v(h'n. clearly point (int. tlu' cnursc they had in view ; " and hi; (•iincliiilcs, " Nearly nini' years hav(? now olapsod aincu unr coinitry- iiien left thesis shores ; I cannot lu'lp feelinj^ now, that traces of Ihv'u fiilf /.v nil, uiiliappily, I have too much reason to fear, fliuf mnitins to hi' iliscocrrcil of tlicin.'''' The Doctor snhseipiL'iitly volunteered to explore Smith's Sound, which was (h'cllned. We ou^ht to adil hcri', tho joiii'nal of his trip \\\) Wellington Channel is admirably illus- trated from drawinjjfs made by him on the H[)ot ; they portray witli ttUill'iil truth the wihl, desolate, often grand scenery of these ri'giona. Our extracts from these despatches have been lengthy, but our oliject has been to do justice to the elVorts of the Wellington Channel division of the I'i.xpedition under Sir Edwartl IJelcher. It will bo seen not a vestige of tho missing Expedition rewarded their perse- vering labours; but could aught of success liave rationally been expected from a (piarter where we had not the least fact to prove they had gone? I'Voin the ])eriod when the search by the Wellington Channel was tirst mooted it was advanced on purely apocryphal gi'onnds, it was nearly at a right angli' to the direction in which ]''ranklin was scut; the result, then, was as might have been antici- jialed. It is a waste of words to talk of its being the [irincipal vemaiiiing point of his Instructions, failing the llrst ; we were in i(/nu- rtnire whether lie had j'tdled ia the first or not ; there irtis, then, onh/ one enitrse open to its, which was to follow the first. JTc rejected this simple eoiirse. a)id have, as a consequence, failed to discover and rescue oar uafortanalc count r;/ men. The eastern parties of the Wellington Channel division of this lvx])edition irerc wholh/ in a wronr/ direction, and the south-western held out little or no promise of success, ex- cepting at their xvesteru extreme. Even the western or Melville Island division under Captain Kellett ofl'ered but barely a hope. The extended and careful examinations of Austin's and Penny's jjarties along the southern shores, and between tlic Pai'ry Islands, and up Wellington Channel, had, in our opinion, settled the question that Franldin had never attcnip)ted a northern route at all. The Wellington Channel, and Jones's and Smith's Sounds, were from the iirst a delusion. Commander INl'Clure's parties at AV'ollaston and Prince Albert's Lauds were in tho right direction; their want of suoceys in I»U. M'lOItMH'K. U15 f<\ pp. <>•'». •• I mil lit" ^'illiiiLjtDii in-ctiou ill' ; " and ho r count ry- r« of their remuins to uti'crcil to ) iuUl Ihuh', I'libly illvH- )i'tray with se i'i';^iiinrt. ly, but ouv on Cliiinuol It will bu thi-ir porse- DUiilly boon I pi'ovo thoy \Vi'llinjj;tou iil)0(M'ypbiil 111 in wliicb boon antiei- 10 priiu-ipal I'Vc in iijno- s, I lien, unhi ejected this ')' find rescue Wellington jij/ direction, SUCOOSH, OX- or Mt'lvillo .1 iio\)C. The my's parties mils, ami np uestion that Wellington I the iirst a and Pi'ince of tuocess iu (liHcnvcring Irat'ea ol" tlio niisMini^ llxpcdilioii, particularly iu I'rince of Wales' Strait, we must t'oiitr.ss siirprisnl :iiiil disappoiiiU'd us. Wi' had loolvcd I'tir signs of a ri'lreatiiig [larls in lliat dirt'i'tioii ; the ahsciicc ot'f^iK'h k'ads ns to lliiuK theyaouglit a passai,'t' mnrr dirrclly wont li, /.<•., troiii the boMom uf Mt'lviile Sound. Thus placnl, withoiil a particle of iiiforiiialion lo guide, citlirr I'rom the i'a.- lives of in.") (Mierm'tie KiiL^lish seamen, led hy talented ollieers, ■with their endless expedit-nts for su|)portin«^ life, and consign them to a miserable death. Why should not an Englishman, by adopting their food, &c., live and become acclimatized in a high northern lati- tude as well as an Esquimaux ? Notwithstanding a' that has been written, we are yet imeertaiu that he might not. It is not many years since when tlie scurvy raged fearfully on board ships bound to Iiulia and round tiio Horn : we hear nothing of the kind now. 3rd. AVe do not think "all men may venture to advance a theory" upon a questitm involving life or death. Sir J. Franklin's Instructions ■uere positive ; they admitted not of theorizing in the prosecution of the search — but theory stopped in and bewildered, and we know the lamentable result. Ith. It is inijust to the memory of Sir John Barrow to assume that " he would now have entreated the Admiralty to hold their hand." He would rather have said, " You sent 135 Englishmen on a perilous service ; it is your duty to recover or know the end of them." The remarks of the Morniiiq JJrrahl, Oc- tober lOth, are in a very dillerent tone : " A Xorth-West Passage has bet'u found, but those who were specially despatched, and have so long s|)ent themselves for its ac3(miplishment, are not rescued; and we confess oiu'selves to be among those who cannot advocate the eold-blood(>d policy of our contemporary, and say, 'Hold! enough,' while the elYorts which England has made for the safety of her impe- rilled sons have resulted only in an addition . . to our geogra- piiical knowledge. . . "VVe are convinced that the name which has been invoked in the cause of supineness has been unwarrantably di^alt with, and that neither Sir John Barrow's hand nor his pen would have been stayed so long as the question of life or deatli to tho heroic Franklin and his followers remained a doubtful one." This is nobly and justly Avritten. ]iut the following cannot be borne out by facts. Before we give the extract, it would be as well to remark, on the glass balls alluded to by it, that information had been received at the l'\)reign Odice from St. Petersburg that several glass balls or bottles, lun-metieally sealed, but containing no memoranda, had been I'lnind on the most northern part of the Siberian coast. These bottles were thought lo havi' been thrown overboard from Franklin's shi|)s; supj)ose(l. of C(mrse, lo have attained a high northern latitude. Tiie extract runs thus : " There fire rumours tiuit little or no doubt exists . . that Franklin did ])ass up \\'t>lliug(on Channel ; ami this coniirniation of previous convictions gives the deepest im])ortaiice to Tin; MORNIXd HERALD. 317 •!ill'i| r there wore none — all was mere assumption. How, then, these Siberian bottles without memoraiula could be looked upon with the "deepest importance" on a fancied coniirniation that he did, is past our comprehension. Could he not as readily (and from what we have learned of that ice-blocked channel, we think far more rea- dily) have gone to the north, if he did attempt it, by one of tho more western passages of the I'arry Group as by it ? AVe have ever thought, seeing the general easterly current into IJailin's Bay, that the same consbination of favourable circumstances which cleared that channel would clear these western passages also. Again, had not that notorious channel been now twice searched for traces of tho Franklin Expedition in vain? wasting the all-prrcious time in proKt- less labour, and the daring energies of our sailors in an unavailing, useless elfort. What is this but pitting one baseless theory against another ? Hut enough : imaijination, restlessli/ iranderiiig. had noic roanu'd the circuit of the Pole — had inaile, in short, a circumi^ilai' vovage, and looktHl for our lost count ryiiH'U any and every where but in the south; there she had conjured up an extension t.i' Kellctl's Land to the eastward, barring them from llu- I'liiilic-. >i'ot t'ontint with this, she created a I'olynia to the north el" the Parry Islands, ! • '■ I III I J I 1 318 VLAXS OF SEAllCII FOU Sin JOHN FnANKLTX. f. and she deceived tl>o friends of science into the belief that Fraukliu (In opposition to his orders) had ascended the AVellington Chinnel to navigate ii — that lie iiad entei'ed tiie "wide, immeasurable ocean" of Wraiipell, and had reached the Siberian coast : here she paused. These bottles were now lyickcd tip in the Sea of Cam* not on the Sibe- rian coast, yet, assumiiir/ a drift for them to the tccstward, she saw a farther course for I'ranklin, and on airy wing outspread she pursued liim on to the west, along the coasts of Xortheru Asia, watched him rounding Capc! Taimyr, wliich never keel had done before, and traced him persisting to the westward by the jagged oiitline of the north of Europe, and on to England and his home — consunuiiating, at one and the same time, the two passages of the " Old Worthies," the north- west and the north-cast. Again she rested: could she farther go r It will be seen — her presence will be recognized in the rumoured "!Ne\v Arctic Expedition," Avhich follows. Notwithstanding the luifavourable reports from the north-eastern division under Sir Edward Bidcher (now on his way home) as to the exist eiice of a I'olyuia to the north of the Parry Islands, and tlie utti'r want of success of all his ]iarties in detecting any traces of the Franklin Expedition up Wellington Channel and to the noi'th of it, eastward to 1)0^ AV., and westwai'd to Melville Island, the opinion still ecmtinued to be maintained to the contrary in both cases, namely, t!\at it had gone to the nt)rth by that chamiel, and had penetrated the I'olar Basin which was thought to exist beyond the parallel of 80''. It was even thought that the ships might be forced out to the north of fJreenland, or "fragments of the ships, if lost," would be found on the shores of Spit/.bergcn ; the deer with the split ears, too (see page 271), W(>rt> supposed to have reference to the crews of the Expedition. This belief was countenanced by st-veral eminently scien- tific men, and a hope was expressed that the seas around Spitzherr/en miifht lie explored : in short, that the ])lan of ]\lr. Petermann should be tested. The rumour of a "new Arctic Expeditiou," especially ui this direction, nms'-l 'opposition in many quarters, and a portion of the Press thundered violently against the project. For ourselves, * Tlio bottles louiid in the Soa of Cara, south-east of ^ova Zenilila, which have created so much eiii" sity of late, as jiossihlv liaving been sent adrift by I'ranklin, turn out to have no comieetiou witli liiiii whatever. Tht>y have been reeoj^nii/ed by )U'rs()iis couiiieteiitly intonned on (lie sulijt'et to he tlie saiue as those made at IIninnierl'e>t, ui'ar tlie Xiutli Cape, and used liy Noi'Uiirian (i>hrrnien for the ]iur- jiose oi floiitiiii/ thi'ir iicfs. See tlie "Arctic Desjiatehesj'' rejirintcd iViau the ynii/iriif Mmjaziiic, Poller, jiane TOO. Franklin CU'iunel J ocean" ! paused. ihc Sibe- ihe saw a pursued ihed liiui ud traced ^ viurth of it one and Jii' north- rther ^'or rumoured •th-oastern ) as to the .s, and tlie ices of the \orth of it, he opinion OS, namely, penetrated parallel of [ out to the " would be it ears, too ews of the iitly scieu- Sjiifzhcn/cn uni should specially in portion of ourselves, hi, whicli Imvo by Franklin, iv('<)i;nizc'(l by li()^(' niiiiU' iit lor till' iiuv- i(t(l \\\>u\ the THE TIMES. :no believing that Franklin liad been enabled partly to fulfd his Instruc- tions, and that in pros(>cutin!j; them ho had f^ot locked up in the ic(! to the west and south of Cape AValker, we look"d upon all seareli by the way of So- , 'n;en as a useless waste of time and enor<:;y, and the more so as MelviUe Sound had not been comjiletely searched. AVc could not coincide with Captain Austin's conclusions, however wo might regret to dillV'r from that estimable oilicer. Again, the relics picked uj) by Dr. Kae (already referred to) went to strengthen our belief in this position. Hut notwithstanding we coju'urred with the non-contents in their opposition to a searcli for our lamented countrymen in this diri'ction, still we must say the arguments of tiie |)rojectors are not always fairly stated ; the conclusions, therefore, arising from them are worthless, besides which we perceive there is a coarse, luifeeling tone of exjiression which, we think, ill beiits tlu; melancholy subject, and nnist have jarred painfully with the feelings of the mothers and fathers and other relatives and friends at home. AVe eamiot forbear noticing the following (see Tiinea, >>()vember 25tli, is.")!)): "Sir John i'l-ankliu and his gallant C(»m])aiiiiiiis havi; long since been called to their account. . . // is not vcri/ imporhint to rsfablish the exact spot at which they met with a fate which, no doubt, they encountered with all the courage and devotion of British S(;amen. But tlieij are c/oue — gone lonrj aiiire — even/ one Jell it, although, from di'licacy and over-scrupidousness, men were slow to assert the truth. Ivglit years' absence is the proof on one side of the (picstion ; what is the proof on the other ? " AV'e do not choose to waste our time in going into argument' to disprove this heartless, un- substantiated assertion. Initwe would ask, AVhat proof has the Times that " they are gone" at all ? " Kight years' absi-nce" is no proof of death, and we have high authority for saying — no less an authority than Sir John Franklin himself — "that where Esquimaux do live out a fair period of life, it is but reasonable to suppose that Kur(>peans may also subsist and survive for many years;"* and there is no (!o(d)t of it, if their habits and mode of living an; adopti'd. The means nature has aiforded eipially to the Euglishiuan and the Esquimaux. v\s to the '^ spot'" where they are said to hav(> met their fate, we hold it to be vwst importiint Ihnt it sliuiihl lie ilelmitiiieil that we may know for certain whether they are alive or ilciid. l''iiglaud sent them on a hazardous enterpi-isi^, and she is Iiouiid 1o know the nid of tlieiu. * .Sec "An I'larnrsl AppiMl tu the l'iil)lic on bclialf of the Alissin;^ Aivtic K\)tc- must liiivc Ih'cu wriltcji in error, or it argues great cari'lcssiit'SM or most (lt'|tloral)If inMoraiicc. Wo would, in incMvy, phuv it to llu' roruu-r : *' Our coiijirtunf . . is, lliat Sir .loliii J''rankliu aiul his couipaiiioua must liavo j^'rishcd bri/ond ffrlliiii/fuit Cliiiiiiifl ; that itf, to tiio easliatnl, iiiid pvohnhhj >n)ittli-<'(isl, sonii-wiu'ro 111 Iho line of . . tho Admiralty lustructious." iS'ow, ov»'ry tyro kuows tho Adminilly Inst ructions dircctod him to tho soutli-woat. Tho oxprossion "'hri/oittf \V«'llin<;l()n ("liannol" is very indolinito. Wo shall ronoludo with »)no more; extract, in which, we arc j^hid to say, wo I'nlly agree with tho Times: " liut there has always been ono point which, to our ap])rehension, lias hcH'u »|uite conclusive against the lact of the advance up Wellington Cliaiuu'i. Had Sir John franklin, at this early point aiul period (at Hceclu'y Island) of his Expedition, determined to deviate from the Admiralty instruct ions, we are very conlident that at the mouth of Wi'Uington t'hanmd, or at some proper spot in the neighhourliood, he would have h'ft a recoril of his intended ilirection. . . The slii|)S . . might have mot with disaster in the ice, either hert- or there, . . but there coulil not be any contingency which wt)ulil make such an olllcer as Franklin so teri'ibly forgetful of his duty as not to leavi' bi'hind him a uotico of his route at his j)oint of deviation." These articles (as their Juunes were mentioned) called Ibrth replii-s from Capt. Ingle- liehl and 31 r. IVtermann in vindication of, and from Capt. (the late Admiral) iJecchey against, the project. Experienced and sound, years had taught him to be cautious. AV'e must extract tlie following from his li'tti''', because of the reply given tu it: '' It has been runu)ured that a lady, whose heroic conduct is so well known to the world, is willing to advance money towards such project." This produced a denial from ]Mr. C. It. AVeld, that Lady I'rankliu had any such hilen- tiou. lie says : " She has lU) funds for such a i)urpose. . . Her anxiety is nuiiuly directed to another point, viz., that unexplored region, lying in the course that her husband was ordeivd to take, between the iner'ulians of ireUiiii/foii C/uituiel (Did liehriiiifs Strait, which was his destined outlet." This extract will show in what undelined terms the sense of Eranklin's Instructions aro expressed. AVho can undi>rstand by " between the mi'ridians of Wellington Channel and IJehring's Strait" the ilirection in which the Erebus and Terror were sent, or the route for search which should be adopted to recover them ? Hut all along there seems a want of deci- sion, a fear in writers to counnit themselves by ttrijituj the reuUij Jir.st point of Franldins Inst met ions, viz.,fn,in t'ajie iValker to the south- TIIK ITIM.IC rUKSS. M21 m it nrfj;uos KHilil, in Sir .loliu 'rl I ill;/ 1 oil' Diucwhero 'VtM-y tyro )Uth-\Vt'8t. iiito. Wo lul to aay, l)eou ono vo iigiiiiiat Sir .loliii intl) of Ilia istnu'liona, L'hiuun'l, or havo U't't a mij^ht have but there lU ollicor ab eliiml l\in» a arliclos (aa ;:il)t. lii-^le- pt. (the hite souiul, years ihiwiug Ironi >n rumouretl lie world, id prudiieed a such 'iiteii- . . Iter imexph)rod red to take, ■iiiifs Slritif, t)\v in what re exi)ressed. Welliu'^tou ii the Erebus \\ should be want of deci- //(• rt'uUij J'lrxt to (lie aoulli- irmf : honee 1 he visionary search by thi; Wellington Chaniieh Hut we luust leave Ihe upinioiis of the I'ress — with Iheir n/i /loiio cry, melancholy sacrilice of life, waste of |)ul»lic money, S^c. — to be replied to by Ihe " I'olar dilettante" invoked by tlu^ Tiiiirs. Il(iwev(>r, this controversy elicited many valuable! deductions and facts from Mr. I'etermann, tending to prove the existiMico of an open sea in Ihe far north, and that shi|)s, as late as the year 1SI57, hnd reached i/ic hililiidc nf'Kl',^, iri/li open irnlcr still fart her lo the. north, therein eoniirming in ])art the reject(!d accounts of the old Dutch navigators. 'JMiough not favourable to the project as a ])lan for tho rescue of Franklin and his companions, now, alas! absent eight years, and i/et unaought fur in tlieilircctiou in which thcij were sent ! still wv nuist think the JhctH advanced greatly cr) asserted — and contradicted - but still be- lieved, that the Admiralty intended, if intelligence was not received by the iHst of March, isril., that Sir .Tohu Franklin and his oiliccrs and crews were alive, they woidd be considored as having died in Her IMajesty'a service. At first wo could not believe this report, but it was too true. Again the I'ress : — •" The J'olar Seas have been rrt«- sach'd in eecrii diree/ion,'' (?) says one newspa])er. "The sum of money thus spent (in I'olar discovery) in the last thirty-live years could not fall nuu*li short often millions sterling!" (^^?) "And all this nearly at the instigation of one silly dreamer like Sir .lohn JJarrow," (?) obsci'vea another. " No more expeditions in quest of these ; let us give them up, and gloze of iinmortdlify in another world, for there is no hope for them in this." Thua howled a portion of the I'ress : but it is free, and, to its honour, the majority indignantly spurned the inhuiiian thought that would leave the good and gallant Franklin anil Crozier, with their devoted olfu'ers and crews, to protracted suffering, and perchance a terrible death, without some cimvincing ])roof that (ill are no more. Well was it a.-^ixed by a correspondent, " lnt() what new depths of baseness is this growing spirit of sellish and cowardly despair about to Inn-ry us ? . . There is still light enough to work by, and to hope — but the night cometh." The sound-thinking Sir John Marrow a "silly dreamer"! Out' wliose heart was wrapped in the advance of science for luV' country's fame. Hut enough! he sleeps in peace— a peace which no slander of incuhereut madman, or puerile babblement of idiotcy, can disturb. V i II i'.i. 1 1 1 * \. ;{'j'> I'l.ANs ()i si;,\nni roil siii .mhin iuavkmn. fi; DcciMiilicr l<5, iS'iM, (|('S|)!iicli('H wn'f received Iiy jlie A in pli it vile, Ciipl.C. I''re(lerick, iVoiii Keliriiiu;'s Sliiiit, Jo Scjilember II. Is');}. 'riii)st< rnnn ('oiiiiii!iii(lei' K. jM;ii;iiire, (ill lie /Vo/vr.toAiiL^Mist 'j;{. iSf)!}.* 'I'liis sliip li:i(l \viiilererens in April. I'rinlcd noliees were dis(rild, Sn'. Vvom tliis laller join-ney was estahlislied "llio i'.U'\ ol' lliese \H'i>\)\v /iriiii/ iici/iidiiitn/ irilli the Mnvkvnzic Jiiccr, iiin/rr fhr luniir of Ko-pak, wliieli jiud liitlierto been considered to be \\w Colville." \i will he reeollecled, llial, in ISoO, a party of whites were said to have been nun'dered by tlu^ iiativs on tlie Ko-paU. ('apt. Moore at the time suspected, I'roni all the iniorniation that he could obtain, that the Ko-pak was one of the west eiii branches of the Mackenzie; his suspicions are here partially couliriued. This fact, taken in conjunction with tlu> conduct ol" thechier and natives at I'oint Warren, and the confession that a white man had been murdered by a native, who w«'nt away with the tribe in the morning as soon as )h(>y caui^ht siirht of the liivrsli(jitloi\ ima^inint; she had come to punish them for the deed, makes us the more rej^'ret. that Capt. iM't'lnro did not stop more searchiuijly to invest is^ate the matter. The fact of sayiuij they did not know when it occurred was a mere savage device; the acknowleilii;ment that the ual/ive who had killed the white man Wi'ut away directly tht> vessel was seen, was (|uite near euoni^h as to the time it was committed. \ rit^id impiiry should therefore have b(>en instituted, until the whole of the circumstances of the foul deed bad b(>en asciM'tained ; and. if i:;uilty. the native sliouhl have bt>eii pnnislu>d. Much valuable information might hav(> been elicited rei^ardinij; the fate of the missing Expedition. W'e have always thought \\w numerous V(>ports along these shores, in iSIOand 1S')1), must have had tluMr origin in something like fact; and so strongly have \vi^ felt on this subjtu't. that when by the despatches of MClure it was found that the si>arch up the Prince of Wales's St rail had yielded no traces of a retreating party by it towards Ihe Mackenzie, we wiM'c great Iv surprised, ('apt. Maguire had brought the I'/orcr south to I'ort ('l.-irtMU'c; but. having tallen in with \\w Aiiiphilrite and Ixatlh'siiokr, ami been well supplied with provisions, itc, he saih'd immediately, .August lllth. to take up his old (piarters at I'oint Barrow. The RoHhioinkc. Commandcn' Jlenry Trollope, * Si-c Hhu' Book, " Pnpi'iv relntivo to ivix'iit .Urtic Espc{liti(iii>, 1851," jip. 1(50 -ISO. The "Nnrriitivo of Conniiiindor Mnguirt»" clurins; iiis winter sojoiini nt ilooro llnrhoiir, is oi\c of the most intcri'stiug Arctic docuuicnts we have read. iiipliih'ilf, n, is'»:»- («iisl h'kU" (|i(> roast ».(1 nolu-*'« 'tTJ', «»'/'■»■ io Ih> tliii ol' \vllilt'^^ n" Ko-|): Tliis liu'i. vcsiii I'oiiit uinliM-i'tl l>y as sot>n as i;u\ come to ipi. iM'Chire Tho liu't of ivap;o (lovico ; « wliito man rmnit;l» iis to iiHrforc liavo u> fo\il (It'i^l ,1 liavi' luHMl H'lMi flicitt'd lavt' always H anil IS.IO, so siront:;ly sof M-rhiiv s St rail li»il > MaoU'Mi/.ii', it the riot'cr 10 Amphitrite ions, t-*co.. he (jnarlevs at .y TrolU)pe, 1 11" |utor sojoiini svt io have vcml. roNCM'DINU III;M AIIKS. ;vi'.\ tillable to tj;ct info (Jnmlley Harbour, bad resolvivl to winter at Port t-Iai-ciico. Tbc year lsr»;{ passed ; (lie cloud baiiL,'iii|; over tlic fate of tlie ill- slnrrcd l''raMkliM and bis unfortunate eoiiipanioiis was still as dark and iiiipeii(>tral)le as ever: yet it was a year tiiat will be ever iiieino- rablc ill .Arelie annals, if nowben! else, for duriiifj; it tlu; gallant -M't'lin-e and bis associates were discovered and relieved; ami t/i ! fni/i/ /irifis/i (juriitioii of a Xorlh-Wt^st I'(issfK/(^ was inadc^ known to lis and set at rest for ever. Tbese alone would have consecrated it to f;;ratitiido and joy, but the len<^-soii<;bt ones were still nnfound. .And yet there was abundant reason to be tliankfiil. Tlie year was remarkable, too, for the projection of two newsearcbiuf^ Expeditions, and the rumour of a third; all of which were abandoned.* Theory was busy, but without effect ; and rumour, with her false rcjiorts, still aj^itated many a desponding fireside. The undue interest attacbed to llu! bottles found in the Sea of Cara, and the consequent de])res- sion, we can understand and forgive, because arising out of the intense feeling abroad in favour of our b»st countrymen; but not s(j the false intelligence conveyed in bo' ties found floating to or on our shores. Tbe authors of these de.serv(> the execration of our race; for such au act can only be viewed as a vile, cruel design to distress yet more the feelings of those already too painfully distressed. We forbear further to notice (having already done so) the dogmatism that would pro- nounce our absent eountrynien dead without proof, and deny the means for further search, to prove that such Iiad or had not been their fate. With what mingled emotions of sorrow^, bitterness, and de- spair, must the year 185;} have closed on those whose hearts and for- tunes were t>mbarked in the hapless Erchun and Terror ! The old year and the new afforded no joy to them ; tbe missing ones are not found, and loneliness and desolation usui'p their vacant places :- - " First-born of lloiivcn, eternal Hope, renuiin ! " — AbrahalL * That of Xhehahel, Iveiinedy, to Behring's Straits ; also tlie one to tliose straits from Mclboiirne, under Mr. W. Parker Snow ; and tlie rumonred Arctic Expedi- tion, rid Spitzbcrgen and Nova Zeinbla. liii. 1 ■.I ■ 1 li 'lij 'I a I. '.V2l in ' .ill fM)i:US TUOl.LOl'K AM) MVOITIHE. 325 niA.Nl)Ell8 RK.MoVlNd NAVV LIST (KUKllS TO llELCllKll't* IXI'KDITION M'Cl.VBE — \NDO>'ED — lI/rOK ANl> mxioly, ami rod and wiii)- i-e wandori'd was lunv to c Admiralty in Beliriiig's s condi-nsod. icted, he is to 1855 ; . ■ to the north- to Tort Cla- :s ; or, in ciiso 10 purpose of |f the erew of lUed them to hia service so [nuuicate with and one or dance of any 'rancisco and lu will, on no lod during the that no ship 171,1801. will be sent fntm the hicilu^ station in 1855 to comnuinicate with (rraiitley Ifarbour ; which port you must positively U'ave in the autumn of that year, in company with 11. M. sloop Plover, should that ship hc! still in lichring's Strait." Commander Maguirc's Instructions were, after referring to former orders, to direct " the return of ll.]\l. sloop Plover from Point Barrow to Grantley Harbour, so soon as the season of 1851 would permit." (^oniinander Maguire is informed of the safety of Capt. ]\l'Clure. The probable movements, position, resources, aiul ulterior proceedings of Capt. C(dlinson are then given conjecturallv. " If . . tiio Enterprise has been lost, it ia by no means imj "obable that Capt. CoUinson may have returned to the Plover. If such should have been the case, there will be no further necessity for the detention of the Plover and Rattlvsnalcn at IJehring's Strait, . . you will ac- cordingly proceed to San Francisco and Valparaiso to wait . . further orders. But should no further information have reached you respecting the Enterprise since she was reported off the Colville, it will be necessary for you to consider the expediency of remaining another season at Point Barrow, with the view of affording assistance to Capt. Colliuson and his crew, should ho still be compelled to lall back on the Plover. On this point we are unable, from want of in- formation relative to your proceedings since August last, and the further tidings you may have gained respecting the Enterprise, to give you dednite instructions ; their Lordships entirely rely on your judgment as to the necessity of your remaining another year." Com- mander IVlaguire is then told, " that the Plover and Itattlesnake are now detained solely on account of, and to afford assistance to, Capt. Collinson and the crew of the Enterprise. If you feel certain that the erew of that ship is safe, you are hereby directed to discontinue your present service, and to return to Valparaiso. . . If you should, after full deliberation, deen\ it to be essentially necessary to extend tlie services of the Plover to another winter, it is their Lord- sliips' direction that you should exchange ollicers or men, revictual the ship, and again proceed to Point Barrow; . . but as soon as the season of 1855 will admit, that you })r()ceed to Grantley Harbour, and from thence to San Francisco aiul Valparaiso for further orders. Y"ou are distinctly to understand that it is not their Lordships' in- tention . . to conuuunicate with Grantley Harbour in 1855 ; you are t!u>refore positively to leave Behring's Strait in that year. . . J n case of not being able to place the P/otY'/' . . at Point Barrow, or in any other safe position north of Grantley Harbour, you may nm • <{■ I I ': ! .1' ; not received bet'ori' thelUst March next, of the olliccrs and crews ot" II. M.S. Krtbiis and Trrnir beini; alive, ihe Jiames of ihi' oIlictM-s will be rtMiiovcd from the "Navy List,' and they and tho «'rews ot" those ships will be t\msidcrod as having died iu llcr 3lajesty"s HcrviC(\ rhus the Admiralty dcliiied how long IM') I'inglishmen, xnif In/ llirir roinifri/ on a sprcial/i/ ifniii/froitx sfrrirc, iikii/ or .s/ioiilil hf coii- nidrnd uliri' to rlaii/i ifs prod'c/ioii and succouring care. It" then' had been any I'act existing by which it could be ini'erreil they wi're no longiM' alive, we «'ould have understood why they were to be thus prematurely cU'sertcd. /iii/ Ihrrr uuin not. .Ml that could be urgi'd in snp|>ort of this cruel decree was, ///(// tlirii liml not rctunial iijhi' i'i(jht i/fcirs' (ihstiicr ; IkuI hccn scnrcliid Joy,hitt not Joiuitl. Tlhit tlio'c xhoiilil he a lii:iif irlicii n roiiiifri/ must cense lirr twirlivits Jar the rcco- rny of hrr nfisriif soiin. oiul rnisc tlir'n' luinirs J'ro/ii the roll of the liriiiif. Olid t/iiis tcniiinntc nil doiihf a ml tniolu incut, is iicccssnn/ and just ; hut (ihniptlji to do so. as in this case, hcforc the senrchiiii/ si/iitid- rons sent to seek for them could repoet the results of their lahoitrs, is, to our rieu-s. iiiiiiiijistli/ unfeeliinj tiiid unjust ; it seems to argue that iheir Lordships hud no J'aith in the means or directions cniploycd hi/ themselves for the recoreri/ ofthemissingones. It'it were thought enough had been done, onler the searching ships home ; but, hurinrj equipped them for this express purpcse. and sent them in u-hnt theij thought the most favourable direction. sureJi/ it had been iriser, and had had more the show of justice, to have waited their report or arrival before this to Viilpii- () nliipf* !>' lonr, n'li- miiil inilit (I ill HOlllf ,r or otlu-r on boiini , iVuin \ iil- r vi'sscls aro II will 1)0 nn'iilioiit'il ; laiuloiu'il t»» y, "ili:ii, ii' ,1" thi' iilliri'i'rt ho lliUIH'H of hry and I In? ler iMaji'sty'H non, Kfiit hi/ honJd !«■ '•""- f tlieiv luul icy wi'J'i' "^> to bl' illUH Ul l)i> \iryi-il turned iijh-r Thiif lliirr for the rcco- > roll of the iircfssari/ (Hid ircJiiiit] xiimid- ir liilioiirti, is, to ar^iH" lluit ('iiijtioi/rd hi/ OU^llt I'UOllgll ri)i(j i'({inj>l>fd eij thought the had had more vol heforr this lli;M.\ltK> it\ UtMlll\I.T\ NOllii;. .{_/ rxlrrnir iiifii.iiirr iras mlttplcd ; jis it is, it l(»i)i».s like .i (icsin.- to mulct llii'iii of a few iiioiitlis' pay. For (uirsrivcs, \vr lia\c always tlunif^lit lilt' scari'li l)y the iiorlli, in opposition to tlit^ primary points to wliidi Sir .1. I''nuil\liii's atlciilioii was so csiK'ciiilly (lirtctcd, was a waste of valiialilf tiiiio ami priceless eiierLjy. We never eoiiM look tor siict-ess to arise from tlie \Velliiii,'lon ( 'liamiel, wlietlier searctlieil Ity I'eiiiiy or Itelelier; nor eoiilil we from Smitli's Soiiml. wlietlier nmler Kaiu; or In^'lelield; Imt tliere was just a eiianee, if i''raiil\liii passed np Ity the east or west side of IJyam .Martin Island, tliat Kellett's north- west parties of the .Melville Island division iiiiLdit briiij; us souk; favoiiralile news. A^'ain, who eoiild say that ('ollinson. in his track to the eastward, and north, between Wdllaston and JJanks' l,ands, hv\\\\r^ then in the rit,dit direction from Cape Walker, inif^ht not obtain traces or intelli were bonetitod ; Eiit/Jinid aair and appreciated these continued htroie (Jlortx ; .she made this ititeresfini/ (/ue/ttor bo- iiitriit <»l' M'l'oro w«.i Houtjlit in are ni'nt t k'P BOUgllt , jjcurcliftl IT onlii ill' ult is our rSir John Jilt of our ill iill tlio loh sho hiw ijT the lU'Hil ■ilitions lor lUiniliar to .aaed away, i\\ WITC U'l't of a ^I'l-at u touchiuj,' kuowlcdj^o, •trated into fato. i'»'V- this should et of iuvul- ill alloat in better dis- s was never pi. Crozier, be beyond Navy List " Commoni, been issued, to the c'oni- 1854. of the Admi- MOTION I.N riii; norsK uk co.mm()v?<. aU!) ninndiTS of J[er Majesty's rthips now cnijn^cd in the Aretio re<,'ionH in HPiireh of {Sir John l''ranUlin'H Kxpedition. lie said the nubject was one which was of sueh deej) anxiety to many persons who had already for HO. lie years expei-icneed tlii' teiuler eonsidiration and iii(lidi,'»iu'e of that House, that as the period duriiii; which tlial anxiety must ho salisliud il" it couKl he t^alislied at all — was now rajjidly approaching;, he thouj,dit it would he w roiij; were he, even at that late hour (twelvt! o'clock), to postpone the matter. The (juestion he was desirous oi' putting' to the First iiord of the Admiralty was, Whether he would inform the Jlouso what was the nature of the Instructions that mij^iit have bet-n, or were about to be, sent to the coiimiandiTs of Her Majesty's ships 7ww engaged in the Arctic regions ? The House was aware that soverni expeditions had been sent to the Arctic regions in search of Sir John FranLlin, and it was also aw an; that tliough no one of them had been successful in the main object for which it was despatched, several had been eminently successful in exploring the coast o'" America, and in asci-rtaining that no traces of the Expedition had been found there. Jt was not a.*lved that the tJovernment should send any new expedition, or incur, generally speaking, any atlditional expense; but that tlu^ Instructions issued to the comiuanders of Iter Majesty's rth![)s engaged in the Arctic regions should not convey such a [)eremptory order to them to riturn home as to prevent them from exercising some discretion as to the expediency of their continuing their etlbrts, in case they siiould think there was any hope of their being successful. Sir James (Iraliam ex[)reysed his sympathy with the feelings which had prom|)tcd the observations of the honourable gentleman, and observed that h(^ sliould neglect his duty if he did not impose some limit on the search after Sir John Franklin, which had now been protracted for many years, and was uuhap|)ily attended with great risk and possible loss of life. He had not thought it hitherto expedient to suspend the sending of additional ships, or to refuse incurring additional expense. A ship had been sent to Behring's Strait for the [)urpose of communicating, if possible, with those vessels that had passed three winters within the ice. The House was aware that two shi[)s had entered Jiehring's Strait in search of Sir John I'ranklin. Cap- tain M'Clure succeeded in etlecting his |)assage to the eastward, and the gratifying intelligence had been received that he was safe ; but he regretted to add, with respect to Captain Collinson, no informa- niation had been received, and great anxiety and most serious ap])re- hensious were entertained with respect to him. Instructions had , I li'M) IM.ANH UK ai'VlHll Foil Silt J(JIIN KUANKLIN. 'I bfcii siMil, lliat it' happily In- was sale, lio hIiouM at (tiici' h'uvt' llif ice, and ;ilsi> all the sliips ; hut it' any (.MiTiimst.infe shouM occur wliidi iiiiijht excite a hist liii^^tM-iiig hopo tliat assistance might y(>t he i^iveii to Sir .lohii FrankHn, and that liia safety iiiiifht still lie secureil, tlu)ut;h there was hardly in his (Sir James (iraham's) opinion any hope left witli regard to the safety of that gallant ollicer and his com|)anions. thi>n orders would be given for the prolonged slay of the ships of search for the period of a year Admiral Walcott con sidered that all that was consistent with the lionour of the couidry had been done in seeking Sir «ohn l''ranlvlin. Me was of opinion that th(! vessels had foundered, and the crews liad perished. 1 1 is only n'gret was that the First Ijord of tlu Admiralty shoidd have determined to remove the names of the ollicers em|)loyed on that Expedition from the list until the return of Sir Edward Uelchor, which ho hoped would not he later than September or October next. ]le wished him to consider that point. Captain Scoludl said that although it might be hopeless to save t'aptain Franklin, still Captain Collinson remained a survivor in the ico, and he might yet be rescued. lie was one who thought Sir John I'raidilin was not now aliv(>, and that, whether alive or «lead, the spot wher(> his ship was hail never been reached. With respect to the possibility of his bi>iiig alive, I'aptain M'Clure had given them some evidenci' on that point, for he had described an island wiiich was full of tlu> means of living, lie thought it would bo advisable to allow all the coming summer to be employed in coi. tinning the search, not only for Sir John l''raidditioi: in search of Sir John I'ranklin ; hut he coiu-urred in the propriety of allowing llii> ehips now in the ArcJe Seas to pursi.e the search, lie hoped they would be allowed to do so according to their own Judgment. Sir Jami's (Jraliam said a discretionary powi'r was given them. The motion was agreed to. Arctic ex|)lorers have great reason to be thankful to such men as the late Sir U. II. Inglis and SirT. Acland. for they wereever tlu>ir fast friends. Hut what were the real fads as to 1 iisl ructions ? .Any oiu' reading the lati'st issued to the lU'hriiig's Sirait sipiadron, dated llth January, Ihol (see (infc), will see that the sear-, h for Sir John Erauklin is already abandoned, his name is not even mentioned, either in thoae given to Commandei' Trollojjc or to Commander jNla- 1 lAI'TAIN INOLEFIKl.l). ;{;u \v tlif ii'C, ■fur wliirli t 1)(> i];iv('ii i> si't'iin'tl, million any T aiul lii« oil stay of aU'ott con \\v country (it" opinion sIumI. Mis lidiiUl liiivi- ,.,1 on that I'd HoU-lier, jtobiT next. 11 said tl\at ilill Captaiii ', bo rosonod. i\v aliv(>, and 3 had lU'vt'V Wuv^ alivo, point, for lio liviuij;. Ill' Linunor to be m Kraiddiii lnslrui'li(tns of, tho ships d that thoro oarrU of Sir lUowin-; tho honed thoy mncnt. Sir Ihom. Tho MR'h miMi as ■vor thoirfasi s? Anv one ladroi!, datod for Sir .lol'.u II nu'iitioiiod. nmiauder JNla- 1 ^Miiro. That olII('<'r is oxproasly told — "' Tho Plover and h\i(l!isii(i/cf an; now ilct hope, therefore, that he will be orilored to remain. AV^here wonlil he search ? The only placi' at all likely is Melville Sound, and that has bei'ii considered searched and doiu; with, although in fact only i)artly s;> ; and yet its im[iorlaiice outweighs all (dhi'rs, as being the area to which Franklin was dii'ected to go in the first instance. JMay ('(til, IS')!', II. M.S. Pluvnix, Cajit. Iiiglefiold, was again despatched to Beechey Island, with a transport containing provisions, &c.,for Sir Edward iiolclior's squadron. \V it h her additional I nsl ruc- tions wore sent by the Lords of the .Xdmiralty to the latti>r ollicer, dated April 2Sth, lS5t, the purport of which we give. He ''is to direct his especial attention to the mciisiires tliey nou /Ty/z/zv tn he adopted for at once u il/i- are ai Hanks' iiand, thoy must abandon their ships and endeavour to get to Hcechey Jsland, that rs*- iV.VI I'LANS or Sr.AIlCII lOll Hill JOHN I'lI.VNKMN. N l.licy ni.'iv rcliirii in I'jiifj;lim(l. It' lliis lias iilrcjidy ht'cii cirtuic*!, and Capl. Kt'llcd, with liis Hliips, lias n'tiinicd t'nnn Mclvillt^ rsland, you arc immcilialc'ly to proceed to Kiij^land, with tlie whoh* of the ships and their crews, alinnJoniiii/ (dl further natrch for the iiiissim/ E.rpiuli- fioii, unless any circninstances (on consultation) shonhl induce you to helii've that yoin* reinaininpj out anotiier year would tend to clear up tlie late of onr niissinu; count rynvu. II' Captain Kellett has been niialih' to move from his |tosition ;'.t Melville Island, it may be necessary to ;ive orders to him to abandon the lifKolitlc aiul Iiitrrjtiil, and seciM'c his retreat to Beechey Island; but as this cannot be accomplished this year, you need not detain any oiHc(>r or men who may have already reached Heechcy Island, hut send them to Hn^land forthwith. Second, Should no tidinjjfs lnvt> been heard of C'apt. Collinson, it beconu^s absolutely necessary to provide for his safety. l''or this purpose the IMilville Island depot nnist he re|)lenishe(l with provisions ai\d stori's, and it will be nec»>ssary for a ship and st(>am tender to remain then> also the Xorf/i Sfrr or Tttlhof, with a tender at Heechev Island; and at tho.^c stations evervthiii}' that can adil to the h(>a!th and I'omfort of the crews should be dt>posited. Having,' don(> this it diH>s not ap|)(>ar . . to be lu'cessary that any of tlu' other ships shoidd remain anotluM' year in the Polar St>;i. '" These are the views of their Ijordships; their !j;ri -at object being to recall, with the least possible delay, the whole of the ships or crews, if it i'ai\ be done. If not possibh' to do so, they h>ave it to your jiid^nuMit and tliscri'tion to send home such as may not be rccpiircd, and lo adopt thosi' measures which yo\i consider mo.st necessary to ensure tlu> safety of Capt. (.'ollinson and his crew, and their speedy riMurn io Kui^land. . . On the return of any of the ships lo HM_i;land from |{eechey Ishnid. it is ilesirable that the coast to tin; southward of Pond's Hay, viz., frinu the liiver (."lyde towards Cape Walsin^ham, should he t-xamined." These Instructions are sulliciently clear and positivi> for withdraw- ing tht> wlioK' of tht> searching vessels. Tlu> unha[)py l*'ranklin and his companions having hecn, or were soon to hi', prematin'ely num- bered with the dead. The \cssels, being no Kniger lU'cessary, the siioni'r they wimv back the better, anil tlu'ir J-ordships very properly set about tlu-ir recall at once. Again, it was discreditable to prolong a search where all was t'ailure and ilisa|ipointment. The discovery of the North-West Passage, -id tlu' presumed death of all on board the F.rrlnis and Terror, gave them an excellent opportimity to shake theinselves clear oi Arctic (lucstious aiul .\rctic nu'U -. still we think it IP I i, sill r.DWAUI) IlKr.CIIKU S l)EHl'AT(lli:S. ',V.V.\ ■tftl, and iiid, yoii lie Hliips Expvili- ■(• you to (•k>ai- ii|) hart l)ri'ii may be Inti'ipid, an not be miMi wlio ) Kn^land ,.r C'apt. his satVly. ishoil witli ;iiul atoani h a ItMitlcr can aihl to iU'il. . ■ •y that any Si>a. Iijrrt being ii< sliiprt nf H (o yovn' i> rO(|uiri>il, I'ci'ssary to ii'ir rtjioi'dy i> sliips to )af;t to the ,varJs C'ap*' withdraw- (•anKlin and iircly imni- ios^ary, thi' |ry proj)i'i-ly to pndoni; [lisi'ovi'ry of n board the V to shake we think it mifjjht have been done in n h'SH oilenHive maimer. Th(> pay of the unfortiuiat(> Franklin and his f^allant men mit^lit have been ])roh)n<,'('(l to tlieir unhappy families until Meh-her's acpiadron had retnrned ; or, at h'ast, until that olPieer )iad made his final report. Afi;ain, ('ollinsnii was out, and no one could say what suecesa miji;ht reward his search. We are tjlad to see every ref^ard given to i\\v. safety and comfort nf that gallant ollicer and his crew, even to leaving vessels at Melville and IJeechey Islands ; but there are no directions to attempt a coin- munieatiun with him, whether by I'rinec of AVales' Strait or I'eel's Sound. The examination of the latter would havi- set the (piestion at r«'st whether l"'raukliii evc>r attempted to get down that Sound, about which so much speculation has been abroad since. September 2Sth, iSo^ II. .M.S. I'lianijc, ('a|)taiii Inglelield, arrived ai Cork.* After much dilliculty in getting to the northward in BalUn's Hay, and in crossing the middh' ice, she arriwd at Heeclny Island, '1{\\\\ August, ISoJ.. She here found the Not-fli Star " stand- ing olf and on," and was informed that the whole of the ollicers and crews of the /iirrs/if/d/or, /{rso/iifr. Intrepid, Annistancr, and J'/mirrr were on board that ship, the first three having been abandoned by Sir Kdward Jieleher's ordi'rs in May last, and Sir lOdward himself, with his own parly, having jest desert, d the Asaititance und l^io nee r, about fifty miles from Heeehey Island. We shall now give extracts from the proceedings of Sir Edward lieleher.t Jt will be reoollected that the despatches of last year left the JxHixftnice and Pioneer ten miles east of t'ape Heeher on the '2()th of July, isry.i, on their ri'turn to IJeechey Island. The search for the Franklin Kxpedition was therefore virtually terminated tin n in this direction. It is not necessary for our (d)ject to go into the fatigues, vexations, delays, and dangers of Arctic navigation. Kvery ell'ort was made to get the ships down Wellington Channel. They were liiially arrested ten mih's north-north-east oi' Cape Osborn, whci-f they wintered in lS5!}-t. Sir Kdward, in his despatch dated \\'<|. lington Channel, from the Sth August to the 10th September, 1S."»;{, rtrapitulates n greater detail his ])ri"vious discoveries. These we have alix'ady noticed; but the following more extended ch'.scrij)tion of the western entrance of the much talked-of Jones's Sound and its islands we think worthy extract, lie says: — • So' nine IJook, "l'"urtlu'r I'lipors rciativi' to tliu Kiri'iil Antic I",\i)>.'i.litioii> in Si-nreli of Sir John Fruiikliii, &,r., 1855," \<. 11. t Uhl; l>. lli. ' t in i m Ii 1 331 PLANS OK sE.vnrn fou siu .ioiin fiiaxkliv. " We roaoliod on the IStli (^Ijiy) Ili<> entrance of a splendid chan- nel. Fog had for some time worried us witli indistinct glimpses of the approaches, but as it now cleared off and the sun enlivened the scene, we were rearaled with such a niaifnificent view of successive beetling headlands on either side of the channel, and extending for about twenty miles, that it really became a puzzling matttM* to find names for them. ( )f one thing I felt quite convinced, viz., that we were now really in Jones's (Sound) Channi-l, and by nothing but hud taste in nature could we be deceived. Tlie latitude, the direction, the limit in longitude to which we could see, only required sixty miles to lead to the cairn erected by Captain Austen's party. Who could di-eam of failure on the IStli May ? The roughness of the frozen ])ack now compelled us to take to the land, and we advanced easily five or six miles, when a further stop was put to our progress" by "an abrupt glacier, half a g.ale of wind, and the mortifying discovery that its base was wasliril In/ the sea, and the oil-lying pack rotten and tumbling asunder . . It was determined to try an overland route, Jind avoid this unfortunate hole, as we then thought it." They started, " the hills increasing in height, until they reached 1,500 feet. We then descended, and took up another j)ositiou at nearly the same height at the last blujf (Britannia Heights). All our hopes were crushed. I3etween us and the distant bluft' the 02)en sea prevailed on the 20th Mai/; the horizon was streaked with open ' sailing ice,' and all conununication cut off for sledgi's. The bluff, distant sixteen miles, was clearly the turning point into .lones's Channel. No land was visible beyond it. . . To the north of us lay the new land of Kent, and far to the westward a new chain, hei'cafter to be examined. Fortunately our weather was beautifully clear, and we not only saw- all the distant objects, but obtained the requisite observations for planting them in their proper places." Sir Edward then speaks of Arthur's Strait, which we noticed in last year's despatches. The foUowing observation, as he is starting from Princess Koyal Land, with the object of examining the Victoria Archi- pelago, June Gth, we nnist quote :* "It occurred to me that under any circumstances, either as regarded Sir John Franklin, Captain Collin- son, or Commander IM'Clure, that if either of them entered the Polar Sea here on the range of these islands, with comparatively open water for perhaps 100 miles, they might drift to and fro for years, or • See lUiio Book, "Furtln'i- Papers relative to the 'Rocont AivHc Kxpeilitioiis, 1855," p. 1.".. (lid cban- impsoH of ■enecl the successive ■lidiiij,' tor (>r to find it we were ; bad taste ction, the y nule8 to ^\w could the frozen iced easily )rrres8" by f discovery rotten and land route, it." They 1,500 feet, y the same hopes were rci'diled on ig ice,' and vnt sixteen No land K'w land of examined. ot only saw •vatious for iced in last !irtin<:; from toria Archi- under any tain Collin- ■d the I'olar tively open <)r years, or lu(litio)is, ~; i'» sin EDWMll) BET-rnEIl's nF.Sl'ATCnKB. :^3r> until they experienced one of those northeni Jiips which would form a mount above them i;i a verv few seconds. The more 1 have seen of the action of the ice, the partiallif open mtfcr, and the deceitful leads into ' t/itf pnnlK' the more satisfied 1 am that the man who once vontux'es 'oil' the laud' is, iu all probability, sacrificed, lie may dcs sert his vessel, and by hard travel succeed iu jj;aiuin<^ some jjlace of rendezvous under the present dispositions etlccted by Captain Kellett as well as myself; but there is no ealculatinj^, as yet, that our exer- tions . . may not be directed to a similar object." At Buckingham Island he remarks : "The heavy, even solid nature of the floe surrounding, or, where ' ni[)ped,' the aliiiost berg-like lumps that protruded, afibrded a fair inference that the sea is seldom seriously disturbed iu these latitudes : cm the other hand, if we take into eonsideratio't the cxiivia; of ivhnlcs and other animals, f(»und at every elevation, even to the summits of hills — above 800 feet; the extraordinary wear or abrasion of the outlines, which nothing we have experienced could efiect, - it almost leads one to imagini> that naturi' at some moment, possi1)ly past and for ever, fatallii pvrhttps for those we seek, has piled up layer over layer to ett'ect what other- wise nothing but a recent deluge could account for." These obser- vations convey a fearful picture of the Arctic Sea to the northward of GriinieU Land for navigation ; but we think the conclusions are scarcely warranted by the limited experience gained in one season — facts had not sufficiently accuir dated. AVe cannot conceive the conditions of such a sea, where ships " might di'ift to and fro for i/ears, . . with partially open water," and " leads into j)ools," without some lead, some open irate)' by which, however decej)tive, advantage might be taken to extricate the ships ; or, if nipped, ailbrd facility for the escape of their crews — that is to say, if within a few hundred miles of some known spot or depot. The results of the tra- velling parties have taught us this. The inference drawn at Bucking- ham Island, one of the Victoria Archipelago, with narrow passages between, offering resistance to the free drift of the iloes. and no doubt ice-blocked — "that the sea is seldom disturbed in these lati- tudes" is, we think, not tenable, especially in June, with open water east and west of them. Tlie existence of the exuvia' of whales at a height of 800 feet above the sea level, geologically, we might compre- hend, but not that they came ther'^ by any action of nature in force in the present day, such as by piling up "layer over layer," or "a recent deluge." We cannot think, therefijre, evi-n supposing that Franklin did ascend the Wellington Channel, that any fatality oc- ^ i S I 1 1 I'r ■ 1 ' I ; ' , I 33(J I'l.ANS OK SKAUCir FOR HIU .l()II\ ritAVICLIV. i'\ currcd to liiiii tliroiif:;li lliis acjonoy. I5ut we loave this extraordinary fact to bo accoiiiitcd for by wiser li(\ads tliau our own, premisinp; it rests on the authority of Sir Edward Belcher, which is undoubted- he saw thest cxuvia' in .si fit. At Last, on the Kith June, on I'rincess J{oyaI Island, Sir Edward liad ])roof that aniiiials really did exist in the renjions about him. Ho says: "For the iirst time tliis day we noticed three; uuisk oxen ; . . fi\e deer were subsecpiently seen ; but no human being could subsist by the aid of his gun throughout our whole range, and as to a party of five or seven mer, impossihh'. By extraordinary fjood fortune, bears might fall in the way of \\w travi'ller; but having killed and eaten his proportion, 1 much doubt if his strength would enable him to drag the remains until another piece of similar good fortune bt^fell him. The assertion, fhc'r/ore, of anji ^ teeming or nJninitancr of animal life'' in this north-eastern district is vtterh/ nntenabley Sir Edward seems determined not to counte- nance the opinion that animals are to be found in sulHcient numbers in high latitudes to support life, and yet Es(piimaux find subsistence and do live in higher latitudes than his furthest north ; but animals are not Ut;ually looked for on sterile limestone tracts, where no vege- tation can exist. ^Near liaillie Hamilton Island, 17th August, it is remarked:* " But as far as geogi'aphy or navigation are concerned, I am not inclined to suspect that any human beings will, from choice, attempt to revisit a portion of the earth's surface so utterly barren and void of interest in animal, vegetable, or miiuTal productions. The picture which Captain Kellett may draw of ]\[elvillo Island would be a paradise to this." "We do not look for an oasis or para- dise in these regions, but surely this is a very morbid view. Still j)ersisting in their eilbrts to force the vessels down Wel- lington Channel, amid heavy masses of grounded ice, on the Ith Septeud)er, near Cape t^sborn, some objects were observed on a floe, and a boat was sent to examine them. They provi-d to be the ITaJkct's boat, chart, and other vestiges of the chivalrous Bi'llot's party. The men- everything was saved but him ! Even tlu; brittle floe which had borne him to destruction was unbroken, atul seemed to have been preserved that, these relics restored, the memory of this lamented, gallant young Freni-hman might not pass away from the face of the earth. " How many fall as sudden, not as safe !" The shijjs were finally frozen in, as we have said, ten miles north- * Sir Bine 15ook, " Fiirtlicr I'apcrs relative to tlio Rcrt'iit Arctic Kxpeditioris, 185,'," !« 17. •aordinary .^misiiif!; it Iniibtcd — II I'riiKTSs ill oxist ill his day vo nlly seen ; hrouglunit impombJe. vay of tlu' luch doubt til auother hr>'rfore, of fern district ; to counti'- iit numl)orrt subsistoiu'O but aniniala 2ro no vept>- Luijust, it is •oncoruc^d, I from cboice, terly barren productions, villc Island asis or para- w. down Wcl- loe, on the ■ro observed rbcy proved e chivalroua \\ Even t be d)roken, and tbc meniory )t pass away not as safe!" miles nortb- ic Kxiu'clitioiis, siu i:i)w.vi;i) iiKi.i II i:i! s Di.si'.v it iii:s. 'XM nortli-enst of (';ipr Oshnni. The wiiilcr df Iso:!-] was scnnvK ovci-, licl'di't.' prcp.iratiiiii.; uci't- niadr t'nr cuiniiiimirat :ii^ with the li(siilii!r and Inh'cjiid. In i'\'lM'ii;ii'\ ;i:.il M.iiTh 1 i':i\('ll,n.;- jiaitii's wvw dr- spatflii'd lor this purpose, and t'ni' ihi' cxamiiiiitinii of ("ii|)i's IJuiniy and Ueiincll. and iicopold iiarbuiir, in case I'iiplain ('olliiihou .slimihi alteinpt to make iiis way into JJarrow's SLi'.iit by I'l'ei's Sound : a eli'ciiiii.staiR'O not at all probable, as////' rijiarlK oj' Litulriiintl /i/mr/ir, 'if Mr. Kiiiiicilii ami LicKlnntiit Jicllul, h-tid In Ihc coiicliitiiuii llml it is closrtl. or, if no/ rioscti, iniii(irii/til/!c. I'artiis iVom the eastern and western divisions liavins:!; met, the position of thi' sliips of the wi'stern division wiis ascertained. 'J'he h'/'suii(/r and /iifrrfii(/ had lireii lilowii out iVoni De.'ily Ishuid the 17lh August, driftiiii,' ea.slrrly and snuth- i riy. 'i'iiey were nilimatelv I'ro/.cn in in tlie pai-k mi the Il2lh .Novi'iniier, twenly-eitj;hl miles sonth-wist of (.'ape C'ocM urn, where tiiey wen; snbse(piently ahandoneil. 'i'he followiiii; we <'\lra(t IVoiu Sir I'Mwai'd HeKlier's desp.itcli. loth .\iiL,nist, ISoI-, :s heiiiL;- his opinion of the iiioveiiieiits and suIiseip.uiiL fate (if Sir John i'Vaiiklin : — '• That oui- ellnrts have I'litlrely failed in our iirst and most e.\- eitiiiL^' search iT>ts mainly, 1 !)elleve. on liie e,ii!\ iet Ion that the Enliiift and Tcmrr did not advance westerly or norlhei'lv hevoiid l!>(ehey island, and it is a matter i.f no eoiiiiiion iinporlance to mv mind, and adverse to any iiilciiUmi of a northern mo\enient. that not one single rdiulile traci' of di'tached sjiortiiej; parties has been met with iioi'thiM'ly. Ibit, on the other band, easterly, at points where we should naturally expect explorers wouKl be averse; to jjroctt d, nume- rous traces of tem|)orary sojourn abound, fatal in my miiiil to any idea of I'urlher western discovei'y, and specially in the direclinu oi" W^elliugteni Chaiuiel. 1 admit, iiow that we Inioti' that iiaviL;ai)l(! cliiuinels exist on I'illier sides of IJaillie liamilt(juand Dinidas Inlands, that it was not unn.atural to sui)pose that ships mi-ht; have e.^eaped westerly by that route. Jbit, s[)eaking as a surveyor, as a simple na\ i- 1,'ator, had I travidled from hence to the heights of Capi' Oshorn. or I'lirtlier north to C'a[)e ILonarth, and beheld frnm thence, as J liav(! done, on the latter and near the for.uer. the clear panoramic view of \\'elliiii,'ton Channel, I W(aild iinl have deeiiied the (Queen's (.'haniiel III' suilicieut impm'tance to ri.^l^ iii) rc.tsil.t fur rxiiloralion, nor of eipial value'to the Byam ^larlin Sli-aii. ( whii'h is : ) ea.-ier of appi'oacii, and for evci'V object utttiiniidr mori- seciu'e. tlian the coui'x' hy Wellington Channel. . . I -aw no features from llsr m.-tlrrii slioris III inirrii,\l anil pd.s.sin/c, iinr is it fair In jiid'/' Ireii! the very e\lranr- '4: ' ' t 1,1 i H i I :}:{s I'LANS OK Si;.VKlll i'OIt rfllt .lOIIN lUANKMN. Hi diiiiiry ycasun of 1S52, lliiil succcssivt* yearn Avould iitlbrd similar tacilily. . I Know that lsr);{ and 1S5I' dtrcrod no invitations to till! jmlicions navii^ator to try liis clianco late in the seaHitn, merely perhaps to enter tho fi;rcat hay where the Asuis/nncc »[)ent iier dreary winter. !\ly impression still clings to tho escape ont of Laneaster .Sound, or a fatal issue oil" ('apt; Kiley, and that traces, if ever disco- vered, nuist he sonj^hl- fntni the Ks(|uimaux of the southern land (Cockhnrn Island)."* 7\<^ain, in Ids letter to tlie Admiralty, reporlinj,' his an-ival at, and dated Cork, Septendter 'JSlh, iSol,^ Uc says :t " Au<,'ust 2('>th. — I feel satisfied that no reasonahle heini,' of this expedition, with hrains free from the delusions of interested motives, will venture to sugfj;est that our unfortunate countrymen ever jiassed the meridian of Ueechey Island after tho sprini^ or autumn of 1S4(!. If any llnal proof wero wautinii; to seal the impossihility t)f escape until too late to advanc(; westward to positive destruction, let them look to i\\v iiilroiivt; and iininrdialc tiniliiif/ of the uls.sisfa»cc in lS')li, and the strujj;},de of tho Xorth Slav for release with three crews in iSol, from a position far oiilsidc that inferreil to have heen occupied hy the Erchus and Tn-roi-r Vvowx these ohservalions it is very clear thr.l Sir Edward IJeldier, whati-ver his former views may have heen, now concludi's that Sir .lohn Franklin never advaiu'ed westi-rly or northerly of iJcccluy Island, and eonsetiuently that lu> did not attemj)t the north hy the Wetlintfton Chamiel. In this we cordially ai;rce, luit in rei;ard to his not advanciuij; to the westward of lU'cdu^y Island, we must diller. We thiidi, on the cont rary, llint lie nuidi' lanjv a-cstintj ; al aiij/ rale, llicrc is 110 proof I lull he did not. Sir Edward does not consid(>r the (^ui'en's Channel to possess any fi\atnres, from Ca|)es lloyarth or Osoorn, to induce tho naviijator to think that there t'xisted a channel in that direction to tempt lum to the N.W. ; from this we must iid'er, that had Sir I'^dward heen sent up AV'ellint^ton Channel he would not have made, anil consequently would have lost the honour of lUscoverinj;, the navigahle sea of Penny ; Penny, nuist, therefore, ever ohtain tin- merit of that discovery. Sir Jvlward contrasts the Wellington with the JJyam ^larlin Channel, ami points out with ti-uth the advantage's of the latter over tlu' former; hut, hesides the greater facilities of a])proach, the latter ofVevi'd a hettt'r position for solving * Blufl'onk?, "Furtlier I'mjuts ivi.it no lo tlic (uvciit Arctic Kx)>i'(litioiis, 1855," J). J t. t lliiil, Y- t'.l. Jjr.MAllKs. :{:{«.) (1 similar lalionrt to 111, im-irly icr ihrary liUiu'aHttT •vci* di^^'o- liiTii laiul ;al at, and til. -I tVfl l)raii\s tVco lir(_rcst tliat )1" Ufi-rlicy proof wiTo to advanco tth'duco and lirirU' of i\w position /(ir Erebus and [ird IJidolu'r, [os that !Sir of lU'tH'lioy orth by till' u iri;:ird io lunst tlilVcr. /// rstioM. if it were to be donr by the norlli, than (bd th(; I'oriMcr. It was a inori' advanced position, but it \v:is not named in l''ranl\iin's Instrui'tions, and it involved makini,' hirLje westiiii,'. Xovv, all alont^ it has been eoi.lendcd, that if I'l-ankhn eoiihl not reach Capo \V'ali(or, or make sonthini; to the west of it, that lie would not jKM'sist to lh(> west, but return and make the attempt by Welliiif^ton (.'liannel. Jt is this itlra that has led to the searL-hini; ships bein<^ sent to the north hy it— we may a(hl, in u wrt)!!!,' diivctioii. We havo always eoiitended, and do contend, that Krankliii would, if he could, persist to the west ; as by so doin^ he would better his ])osition, and the Hyam Martin (^hannel would become [lossessed of tixr <,'reater interest to him tor the ultimate accomplishiiuMit of the j;reat object of the voyage, than any favourable prospect the Wellington Channel, as then known, could oiler. It is monstrous to suppose, that because he could not make a direct south-west course from Cape Walker that be would not, if he could, make ircsfinff ; or, that if he could not reach Cape Walker, tliat he would not pe/sist to the westward along the southern shores of the Parry Islands, rather than return to make the attem[)t by the Wellington Channel. .Much more monstrous would it b(! to imagiiK! that Fntiik/iii, Imriiii/ nnn/r Imyr ircftiug, hut barred oiil to Ihc xoiilli, would, with the pas.sagi'S between the J'arry Islands in his route, all leading north in the saiiK^ diri'ction as the Wellington Channel, and nearer the object of his wishes, [jass by all tlii'se to return to make a roundabout attempt by that channel. It is true they weri' unknown, but it shoidd be rememberi'd that all beyond the entranc> of Wellington Clianuel was ecpially unknown and unex- ])lored ; besides which, it led in a direction involving many points of diHerence between it and the course indicated by the original plan and the llrst point of Franklin'.s Instructions. Sir Edwanl Helcher's impression as to the fate of rranklin and bis crews can be regarded only as an impression. \\v does n(jt, because hi" cannot, offer any proof. The traces of sojourners to the eastward of Point Kiley is not conclusive. How is it that, if there, we have no lint ice to mark their presence ? or 1iow that no trace is found of them at Capes Bunny or Heiinell, or Port Jicopold; or, above all, at J-'iiry Ijcach? We think he Avas lost to the we.-twanl, in ^Melville Sound; for reasons which we shall sliow hcrcaflcr. We are not interested in stating our convictions, brainless thou-h they may ajipear, but cer- tainly not more so than thosi> of others who have so pertinaciously advanced the opinion that Frajiklin went to the north by the AVel- lingtou Channel, Joiu's' and Smith's Sounds, in o|ip(jsition to Cape !•' 'i 310 I'l.VXH ol .^KAKt II l(ii; SIK .inll.N IISANUMN. !■ .11 Walker iiiitl (111- siiiitl\-u('st. wIkm'i' lie was ho especially direeted (o [irofeed. Aili,'iist ^(illi, IS.")| Till IT Ipeiiii; 111! Iiii|ie dl" est I'ieal iiiL,' the ships, Sir I'ldwanl Belelier imw rc.-nlved tn .mIimikIihi them. On thai day, " the jack, i'iisit,'ii, and pendant, never In he hauled down, were properly secured, the decks cleaned, and tlu' cahiiis put in due order;" and at Nix a.m., the ^tssis-faitrc !ind I'itnin r were al);indoned, left to them- selves, solitary and inanimate, as the liisdlnlv, Infrtpii/, and /iirr.s/i- f/alor had already heeii. more to the westward. ''Our hearts were too rull," says .Sir Kdward; "'no cheers escaped, hut, tiirninj,' our backs on the shi[)s, we pursued our cheerless mute over the lloe, ieavini,' behind our home."* There is iv somethiiiL;, a pan;,', touchin^ly painl'id, in tors.nkiiii; one's old ship; loni,' association has eiideareil her to you ; in calm and in storm, in the time of trial, she has been faith- ful and true; you hence have learned to estimate and rely on her (pialities. A'^'aiii, she is your home; not li.xed to one spot, immobile and inert, but at voiir call she unfolds ber win^s and bi'ars vou to new climates and scenes, for slu' is a thiii^' of life! I'ire and ice an; to her most implacable enemies. All arrived on board the ^Vw/'/// (Syrf/* the followiiiLj day. We sh;ill now i,M\e extracts from the dopatcbes of ('apt. ITenry Kellett, Cli., ill eommand of the western division, the h'lsoliifr and Iiilrrpiil, at l)(>aly Island. Il will be set'ti (r/////'), that when the last despatches left that ollicer, he bad arraiiL:;ed for a survey beiii;,' luld on the ('aj)taiii, ollicers. and crew of the Invi yJiiinlnr at .Mercy iJay, in order to ascertain if there I'emained on board that slii[) a suHlcient number (twenty) of ell'ective men (volunteers) to remain out another V inter, with tlie hope of briiiL^iiiL; her tliroui,'h tbi' " passaii;e " (between IJurinj^ and Melville Islands) to Hnj^land, and lluis realize tlu; accom- l)lishinent of the North- Wi'.st Passage. It will also be seen, the travelliiiii; parties of this division beiiiL; still out, no report of tlu-ir proceeiliiiLfs could be ^iven at that time. Our extracts must, of necessity, be brief; still we are desirous to recoril the leading I'vents of this admirably-arranged and well-conducted western division, they relleet ^reat credit on Captain Kellett, and bis aliii', active seocMul, Commander -M'Clintock, and, indeed, on all the oillccrs and crews of till,' licsuhtfc and fnlri'ii'ul. Connnander .M'Clure and \)\\ Doinville starteil for JNli-rcy Hay on ]May 5th, Is."):}; arrived on board the /nrrs/if/a/oi' on May *Jist, and * liliif Bi ok.'', '' {"iiriluT I'iiiiir." ri'lntiiiL' li^- iUccul Arctic Mxii'ditimis, iSo."," irccU'd It) llu' slii\>j<, Hull iliiy, •(• |)r()|it'rly [•;" iiiid :it to tliciu- ml hirruli' itirts won' iiriiin^' our ■V thf ll<'i\ l()ufliiivj;ly KlliHTll luT licfii i'aitli- ri'ly oil litT )t, iiiiiiiol)iU' I'iirs you to anil ic'i' are L> Sortli Star ['i\\A. Henry Uisoliilc and luMi llie last - lu'illi,' lielil Miiry l')ay, ) a sull'ieitMit out aiiollier ." (between . llu- iiecoin- )i' seen, the )rt ol" llieir •tri must, el" jad'ui'j; evi'uls ivision, tliey •tive second, uid eri'Wti of lerey Hay ou lay -1st, and Iditimi;-, ISo.'i," cAi'T. KDi.i.KTr s iii:.si'\T(iii,s. ;ill tlie .survey was liclil on Iut oll'ccrs iind ereu on the 'J;»rd. Tlic simi- luary ol" the united re|)oi't of \^\'. DoniviUe and her surgeon, I.)r. vNvMisf I'oie^,* w.is— " 'I'hi'ii' prrseiit stale ol' Iic'dlli is sneh as rcndci-s Iheiu utterly unlit to undergo the rigour of another winter in tliis ••iiinate, with(tut entertainini,' th(! ninst seri(»us npjirehension for the c*(mMet|ueii(M'," ite. N'olunteers h.uini^ heen called for hy ('apt. .M'Clure, hesides the oilieers only foiu' of the crew ollcred theinselvi'S ; indeed, it will I)e seen hy ihe report that they were not a lit stale to remain out another winter. Dr. Armstroni^ thus records his opinion in another place :t "I cannot conclude . . without noticinu;lhe nohle spirit and |)atriotic I'eeliiiL,' that h,id aniuialed the ship's com- pany in the almost siipcrhuiii;in exerlions hitherto made under tho most severe and Iryini,' (;ircumstance>, such as it has fallen to the lot of hut few to ciu'ouider. 1 kiKMv what they had been exposed lo. and what they had endiM'ed; 1 had witnessed their cournLje and daring' \\\ many event lul scenes; luid seen their manly forms j^radually shrinlv under hun:,'er and cold; and had marked their patience and fortitmle when sutl'erini; from disease; and certain (ht 1 feel that tho records of tlu'ir defds ou'^ht to form one of tlu' brii^ddest pa^'cs in the history of our country." This trihnte, from one who had shared in tluir privations and felt for their snil'erini,'s, one so able, so capable of judL,'inL; of their merits, cannot but be hii^ddy j^ratifyiiiL? to every ;,'allant " I iivestiL^ator," — jxilmam ifii meruit Jr rut . 'I'hiis placed, u ilh- out sulllcient liands to work the ship, Commander M'Clure resolved ••eluctanlly to abandon her, which he did on Juno oril, is,';!. In perfect order, and full of honour, the Inrrs/if/dfor was left alone with her L,dory ; th'v-(> who had ;^iven hir "life lo live" now departed. We cannot close this always melancholy scene, without ai^'ain bur- rowiuij; from Dr. Armstroni^'s work: he says ;;J; "The white ensi!.,'n ol' St. (leortj;(> w;is holsteil at the j)eak, and the ptudant at the main, which llauuled ,!j;aily in the bree/.(> as we stepjied over the side of the sliipth.'it had so lon;.^ been oui' home, never to \ isit her ai^aln. . . .\.s we ^t(.iod on the ice, and t(j(>k a last view of our line old shi[), we coidd not' but do so with a ,i:;rat(d'id recollection, considt-rin.;' how far she hail l)orni> us. But while we entertained those feelini^s which sailors ai'c prone to induli^e in for thi'ir vessels, we felt that the time * Sec iiliir lionk, " I'livtiii'i" I'iii'i'rs rt'lutivi' to tlic lu'c-iit Awtii' l",\j)P(litioii, l.'sr..'.," |>. 70. t "I'i'ixmmI .NiiriMlivi- i,r till' jti^iMvrrv "( tlic \orlli-\Vi-t Fiij-smc," liy Alex.- illik'r Al'lll^lroll;:, M.I)., IJ.N., i'.IJ.d.S. ^.v, y. .")7 I + lUL, I). .'.7(i. SI,'' :}12 I'l.ANs or HKAiaii roit siit joiin kuanumx. liiid arrived when it hecaiiie iiiiperative to altaiidon Iht." Dr. Dom- vill(! arrived on hoard the Ursuhi/f on .liiiie lOth.aiid ('a|)l. -MChire, and hi.H ollicers and crews, on llie 17th, wiiere they were received witii n tliorou^'h joyonrt weh'onu' by tlu'synipathi/.int^, wiirni-heurted Kcllett, and thi' oHicers and crews of the Ursn/ii/r and /n/rr/iiif. on board which they wiideri'd, iSo;]-!. We sliidl now turn to ('apt. Kelhlt'd travelliiiL; parties. Onr o|iini()iis are ah-eady <,'iven, recor(h'd in IS.'iO, as to the coiu'se Sir .loiin l''raidiliii would adopt (see p. I(!l if .vcy.) ; from them muv be inferri'd, takinii into coiisich-ration, too, the ri'sults of the senrch nia(h) in this direction by Austin's parties, wliat proba- bility of Hiiccoas remained for C'apt. Kelietl's. 'I'hen^ was just a oliance, but barely a hope. SI ill, t^ovei-ned by its unsteady intliience, we must follow tiiese nobli- i'ellows, and endeavour to record, l)rielly though it be, their hii,'h motives and their gallant deeds; but it is no Himplo matter to cull from i'M) to SOO j)ajj;es of " lilui! Hook," &r., where each and every lim; tells of some act of toil, of devotion, and of heroism, without the apprehension of omission or of failure to do full justice. We trust t(» truth to guide us, deeply regretting that such chivalrous daring, such unwearied /.v.A ami ext'i'tion, borne, too, with such unrepining fortitude, should have only n'sidled in total want of success as regards tracing our hapless loiigdost ones. It will be rcMnembered, that the whole of t'apt. Kellett's paHi(>s left Dealy Island on April 1th, 1S.');{. Connnander M'Cliutock. with JM. de Hray, Enseigne di' \'aisseau of the French Imperial Navy, and eighteen men, to pursue the search to the north-west. Jiieutenant Mecham, with Mr. Xares, and fourteen men, to cross the Winter Harbour of Parry, and to follow the coast westerly. Jiieutenant V. Hamilton and 3Ir. iM'Dougall, and fourteen men, to cross Jlecla and Griper Bay, to search north-easterly along Sabine Island. Capt. Kcllett, in his despatch, Di'aly Island, June 8th, ISoI], says :* ■ — " M. do Bray, anxiliary to Commander M'C'lintock, arrived on board the lienolute on .May iMJi, having h-ft with him seventy days' provisions on May 2nd, lat. 7(5' s' N., long. 11(}° 15' W. To the northward of him, from Cape Fisher, wesl.erly, he could see land forty mih>s oil'." Commander ]\I'Clintock speaks in the highest terms of M. de Hray: he says; "'He could not have had a belter second." jMr. Nares, auxiliary to Lieut. Mecham, arrived on .luiie 1st. having left him, on May Mrd. in lat. 7.')' :}.'>' \.. long. IIS' W'.. " Sfi' lUuc Hook, " l-'iu'lli.T I'ap i> rrlalivc lo llio [{lochI .Vnlii' lv\[irtliti(iii, i.^.j.'i," )|i. ,':<. 71, Hii'i ti_'l- ohi '''\ 'li!l!l CAPTAIN KKM,I;TI' S DKHl'ATl'll KS. ;j i:{ J)r. Dom- MChiro, I'ivcd willi •il K.'ll.'lt, nil biiaril . Ki'llilL'a •a ill ls:.(), 11 if Ki'i/) ; tin- ri'sultrt ,liiit |)rol)!i- was just a y iiillufiu't'. onl. l)rictly but it is no IJook," .^••., 'VotiiMi, and iiilurc to do i^tliat siifh le, too. witli L total want ctt's partiiM M'("liiit [lid siH- land tlu' liijj;Iu'st lad a 1)i"ttri' \i'd on .Iiino m. lis' \v.. w KNii.tUti'iii, liavinpj crossed rroiii .Milviil.- Island to Prince I'litriek's (Iroiip or Land. '• This iiiinie I have i,'iven il, says ('apt. KcHett, as il was liindcd and taken possession of on His Knyiil llighness's Itirthihiy. Ideutenaut Mecliam had on th:il date turt\ -livedavH' itrovisions. . . llo will pass to the southward ot' tliis new land, and as I'ar west as lie can reach." W'e on^^dit tn remark here, that Capl. Kellell sn ideiitilies himselt' with his dilicei's and crews, that his despatches are nici'ely a siin|)l(^ record of events us they occur; he leaves to his ollicers to Lwjiress in their journals, in their own words, their acts :oid doiiii^'s; lie arroi,'ates no merit to liimself, alllion;^li to his cM-ei- lent orderft and arrai '.emeiit are due the preservation of his men, .'ind the e.vtraordinai'v results of this well-coiidiicied, well-carried out wt'stern division, lie seen.., to have known, and rightly to lia\e esteemed, the "sliill"' his ollicers and men were maile of, and li.id conlidence in them. IJeloved hy them, this conlidcnce, it will he seen, was appreciated, .ind re[)aid by exertions in Arctic travel, un- precedented: there was a rcci[)roiMty of feeling, and both centred in the Inimane object on which they wfro sent. We shall, therefore, in giving extracts from his despatches, combine with them thi' results of the journals of the various oHlcers. ('apt. Kellett's despatch of I'ebrnary iKtli, lsr»|., says :*—" Lieu- tenant Hamilton returned on .lime lioth. after an absence of llfly- foiir days," Having passed over the land to llccla and (iriper l>ay. when> he parted from .Mr. .M'l)oiii,'all. he pursued a north-east, direction along the western sidi' of Sabino island, now foiiiul to he a peninsula, and forming ji ])art oi' Melville Island. He rounded its northern extreme: soon after doing so, he met with ('ommander Jiichards, from 8ir J'ldward Jielclier's divirMoii; he then pi'ncccdeil down tho eastern side of Sabine I'eninsula, crossed Hyam .Martin Cliannel to the north of Coriiwallis Island, and to the reiide/\oiis, lat. 7()°:n' N., long. lOl^'iO' W. Ketnrning. he pursued tlu' sa route; but, having discovered two islands to the north, oil' (':ipe Hichards. named llamill )n and IMarkham Islands, he I'xamined the; former. '• Near IVtint Ivocbe," he "saw a |iiece of drifl-wnod, standing upright, about llfty or sixty feet above the sea level, 'riiiiiking it must have been jilaced there tor a iiuu'k, the Lrroiiiid was sciirclcd in every direction for documents, •'but no traces were found, either here or din-ing the journey, that could induce" him "to think any travelling parties or ships bad passi'd :doiig this co;ist." * S.-o nhio ]J(ic)k, " Fiirilii'i' I'mju !■: lSu5," |i|). 7;!, 71, iiiul ti21— (IIj. I'llalivi' lo tiic ivccinl .Vi'itii' i;\in diliiiii, :{||. rr.ANs or si:\iit ii rni; sii! .loiiv i'iiamci.iv. i- " liiciitc'iiiuil !M('cli;un * ariiM'tl 1)11 llicCilli July. Ii;i\ iii!^ Iici'm iil)-('iit iiiilcl \ -t'oiif (l;i_\ s." Lciniii'.^ Mc.ily l-^liiiid. lie iii.'nlc I'ri' W'iiitrr liiir- liour, mill cni.-^cd o\ov Id l.lildiin (lull' ( l';iri'y"s) ; iVoiii tliciicf lii! priM'c.'dcd west wai'il jiIohl!; iIh' l:ind m'cii 1i_v LiciiU'iiimt , How (.';i])1 ., M'Cliiilorlv ill Is'il (wiuMi (U'lnidicd tVniii Aii.-lin's I'lxprdit iuii), hut now vi.sitcil I'm- tlir lir.--: lime; |i;t>>i'd .Muri'iiv Inlrl ;ind Hardy I5ay lo('.i|i(' Smyt';: llii'ii WarriiiL^^tnii IJay and ('a|H' Culops to ("apo Iviissi'l. Tin' soutli-wrstrni t'xl I'finily ni' McUilli' Island was rcarlicd, wliicli lie phu'.'s in lat. 7.r 11' N., Ion-. 117' lli' W . : Iktc iIk- roast fiinicd to llw iiocth-nortli-i'a- 1. lie now cnlcii'd on iii'W 1,'i'ouiid. as all lu'vond this cape w.is undoiihlcdlv new* disrovoi'v. Il\\;!i'd, siiuc t'oniul to I'orni a pari of lvj:lini:ton Isla.id. lie (ros.scd 'lu' ititci'Vi'iiiii^ strait naan'd al'ur his distin^nishi'd and rt'spfi'lod chiit'. Krlh'lt"s Strai! — to it. and 'aiidrd on I'nii.l I'itonr.il. .May 'Jnd, lat. 7.V '_»!)' N.. Ioml,'. IIn-";'..".' \\ ■ linv lie p.artfd with his cxci'lli'iit an\iliary, .Mr. .Nai'i's 'May oi'd). '{'raMhini;- westward, alon:;- the southern extremity of r]i;lini,Moii Island, the heaeli (his path) eontraeted, anil \\;is iVeipieiitlv hidleii li\ the itiiineiise IniiiiiiioeUs pre.---ed upon it. Jle I'eaehed, \uth niiieli lahonr. it-; " .-iinth-wi'stt'rn e\trenie. !i I'l'iiiai'kahly hhieU ;nid proinineiit Ik adlaiid. . . 'i'he pack hen' I'oreed eon.>iderahly up I he I'aei' ol" the elills, IVoiii its>uniinlt hi'"' discovered extiMisive new land iVoiu north-east to \\e>i-nortli-\\e-l now I'l'iiuc I'alrick's l-and. lie then pursued I'ue course of a cliauiud, ( Vozicr ('h;;nnel, running to the northward, hut was dri\eu hack hv ii i.'ale. J\et iirniin' to a coui-e j^estiM'ly, he laiuli'd on Prince Patrick's Land, at I'mtter Max ; passiuij,- Cape Cam. and proceediu;:; on, he discovercil Walker Inlet, ('ape Mech.aiii. \VolN'_\ lia^ . and Cape Maunin:;. 'I'he laiui now treiMled te the nort h-we-^t : het'oilowid \lit Cdur.-e. and passed nioxsoaie 1 i^J and the l,aud"s ilnd. I'roui hence the hind, ai^aiii changed its diri'ct ion to I'.ie iioialiA.ird and ea-lward. and thev pas.-eil aloii^ ilie western tiiceei' I'l'iuce I'ati'ick's Land, W'rA Pay, and Points W'eather.all, ■runetl,__ tind Discovery. l:;t. 77 (">' -N ., Ioiil;-. I 'Jit ;i(»' W. Lienlenant. Mcchaiu rcinai'ks: " 'I'iie coast lint," ol" this land may he considered more correctly as the liiu' ol" pack, us in i'act, the coa-t for siwtral niileCs inland consists of a •i;si'.\iTiii;s. :{ 1.-) 'c:\ ;il)-t'iil iiit.T lliir- llu'lH'l' tic i(i\v (';i|il ., ilidu), lull ihinly I5ay IS to (';il>i* ;is I'l'aclu'il, ; lliTC till' (1 (in lii'W • dlsciixcry. Ill a ii;ii'l 111' iuiu'il al'ui" -to it. anil 1-. 1 In' :'.'»' Mr. .Nans xtri'inily nf i t"riM|U('iilly Ir rv:!fhr(l, Uably Mark iiKn-alily up (\ l•\tl'll^'iv^• IT Patriflv's r ('li;;iiin'l, luluriiiii^' . at r>nllrr iv.l WalK.T 'I'lii' laiui and [lasscil hii!'.! ai::iiiii (lu'v pasM'tl .ami I'l'ints :• I'jo ;io' l!iis laiul ill lad lilt" rhrs. ii}>".li r.-^l ajiiuiir- jiiiy 1.1 ''0>' II I'xjiiiU; ion, jiiisiliiiii since I'mindini: Land's lliid. 'rrcniciid.niis park occupies tlu' wliole space in lliat direct inn." lie now relnnied ;'.cross the land to Walker Inlet, wliicli lie e\aiiiiiU(l ; and, pnsliiiiL,' a north-easterly coni'.>e. passed t'ape Hay. the I'oints l>;niies and .Mansoii. and the iiitcrvciiinL;' I'ays Carte: and .Mould, called liy l!ie men. Happy I, and, in coiilrary di'imtioii lo the iiiiserahle country to the westward, iKiiiied hy tlieiii Zero's Land. In hit. 7(>'^ 111' N.. a deep l»ii;ht or channel was seen to he iiert li-wc; i ward. Soon alter, they discoNcred a cairn of ( 'ommander .nI'« 'lintock's, st;;t:n'_' he h:id e\;iiiiiiied in that direct ion, and had L,Miie '.o t hi' iiorl ii-wcst side of l'',L:;liiiL,Mon Island. He now started I'or the norlhern part of MeKiUe Islaml, jiassini; roinid the north end id' lv;liii_,'1oii Island, and ILkIIiil; that that (dllcer had also hecndowii tiie I'-rsf ,v//^/rr.v uf Melville Island. Lienleii.'ini Mechaiii traced the east side of I'^diiiLjton I.'aiid down to lal. "■")'IS' .\.. ;ind crossed to Melville Islaml; rcaclied (V.pe 1 1 iiuiphries, on the south side of Ihlioli IJay. He followed the land to the soiilli- ward. p,i--sed I'lircJKC-e or Ke.-oliite IJav, and. in l;it. 7.')' "Jo' .\., he found .\1( 'lintock's soutliern caifii. •" .Much disappointed," Lieu- tenant .^l^•chaIll .-ays. " 1 liirned i!i_\ hack to the iioilliern land, there Iumiil,' no room for further e\[)loratioii within my reach." He now started for the soiitli-wc.-t poin; nf .M( l\ille Island. passiiiL,' I'ur- chase Inlet, Comfort ('ii\e, to Cape lliiss( 1 ; from this cajie lie retiiriie(l on his outward trad... e\aminiiiL;' ll.irdy r>ay, .Murray Inlet, ,ind lla-ry l>.i_\. .M'Cliiilock's cairn. ;iiid t he remnant s left hy I'airy in is'JO. crossi'd from Lyddon (liilf to Winter llarhour. and tlieiic{> oil to the ship at Dealy Island, jicrforininLC a journey of l.(MH'> L;eoi,'ra- pldi-al or 1,17.') Lnudish miles, which at the time was wilhoiit |»rece- ijenl •, and it is the more worthy praise, iiiasmucli as it was done under i!ie L',ri'atest dilliciiltii's, from llie t rrineiidoiis n;!ture of the ice, heiiiLj .'^I'l (111 the western and iiorlh-\vc.>lei'ii sides in hiiu'e Mocks of si\ly feet thick, an.' forceil up ;ii,'ainst the clill's. in the drift (d" t'.iese masses i'rom the wcstwr.rd may he traced the source from w hence the channels easlward. e.\teiidiiiL;' into ilaHin's |};iy. :;('t ice- hlocked. .Miisk oxen. deer. i*i.c., were seen ill almndaiice .-einnchso a.> net to he est imated. in con.scqueiice nf their iiciiiij; so numerous. (lame was also seen in ^I'eal (piantilies. Some coal wa-- found, ami w.iod uuallered cMcpt hy decay in .- uch ;i pe>:t'oii as to lead to the conclusion thai it had ,i;iM\\ii on the spot w here st'cn ; peli'ilil'il Wood was MJso picked up. Lieiili uaid .Meeliam aiiyr-. iu his ri^p »it to Ca|,fain Ki lltti, " In ronrlusloii, , . bcsid.cd the ahsciico of 1 rates ln'iii:; a iie;;ati\e piiud' that Hie iiilwsin;.:; crew .•( have not visited ;»ny '|l :1 '■T O m f^ If h it I 31G PLANS OF SKAllCU FOIl Rllt JOHN KUANKl.IN. part of the land traversed on tin's journey, 1 iiiivc fiirtlicr to adtl, i liat, from tlie character and appearance ol" tlie paeU, (h-ivtii a^ain^t the land, and in every direction to seaward, . . thoruuLjhIy convinces me of the impossibility of j)enetralinL,' with ships to the southward and westward aj^ainst such trcnu'iidoiis impediments." Commander M'Clintock* returned on the Isih July, after an ab- sence of 105 days. The <:;ri)und hcini^ (Icar dl'siiow, niul wvy heavy, the ravines riininnff with impassable torrents, obliged liim to abandon all his e(piipm{'nts on the north side of 3lelville Island. . , lie wailu'd in with his crew, tarrying their knapsacks and a lew provisions, all safe anil well. . . I low ably and zealously," remarks Caj)taiu Ki'llell, "they musi h.-ive done their duly to cuvei- so much f^round- — 1,(5IS miles discovered and walked over !" ("om- mander M't'liiitoclc started on hi^ t'xtended jimrney Ith A|)ril.t Crossing Melville Island to llecla and (iriper I5ay, Ik; advanced to the north-west in the direction of Capi^ l'"i>lier, passed (Iras.^y Cape to Point Cleverly: roiniding the north-west extri'ine of .Melville Island he followed the ceasl lino, passing Cape Ncolt and Sandy Point. lie now pursued a course ay, and Terraci! Cape, crossed Pnrehase or ivesdlnU' IJjiy. and at a point live or six miles bevoiul the latter erected a cairn, and deposited a note for Jiieutenant INlecham. He now rctraceil his steps by Pur- chase and Ibbott liays to Cape ik- Uray. and eross(, on the eastii-n face of Prince I'ati'ick's Land, lat. 7(5° 17' N., long. 117^!)' \V.; nmndiiig the Sduthern extreme of a ]H'ninsula issuing from that land, he crossed Intrepid lidet to Point Salmon. Intri'pid Inlet was then examined, and (Ireen's l?ay to Snow-Patch Point; from thence he proceeded soniherly past Point Disappointment, crossed another considerable nii-nameil b;;y to about lat. 7(5° '20' X., long, il!)'' W',: here he erected a cairn and h'ft a record on the 121th .Mav. He then crossed Croziei* Cliunnel to * See JJlue Eook«, '' Fiirtlu'r Paiici's nlativf to lu'ci'iit Arctic I'^xpoililioiis, IH.").'}," pj). 71-, luifl 510- r/,tu. t In order to facilitiitc llio rrador, jiiiil to slinw wliat Captain M'l'linlock lias ivally (lone, wc liavc a(l()i)ti.'(l, bc^'iilus tlic n.anus on his C'liart, oti' a-!* \slii( Ii Ijavc bfcH acklt'd since, tfco Ailniiiaily Chart, " ihtcuvcrii;* in the Arutii' Kcyions up l<> Wok." COMMANDKU M'C'LINTOCK. 317 ' i ) add, llial, I'^aiiitft llic! ,• coiiviiu'cs southwartl iftor ail ab- ,-i.«ry lu-avy, Id abanddii . . lie and a t'l-w /.caloiisly," it s lo ciivor r!" Coiii- Itli April.t ulvaiR'cd to Irassy ('ape of Mrlvillo and Sandy it. Oil tin- (•(■Ufiit aiix- •d luM't', lal. ill and west IbbotI IJay, d at a point di'liosilc'd a |)s by I'lir- l'"it/.\viUiatii ■icL's Land, cxtrcinc of il Inlet to ircen's Uay past I'oiiit ):',v to about, and K'ft a ('huniul to lAlioililions, l-('liiitock lins •I's wliii li liiivc lu'i^iuiia 141 111 EglinRton Island, and, in lat. 7-')" .V.)' N., lon-^'. 11 S" 27' W., ere.'l(>d another i-airii ami (lt'|)ositt'd a record. Ketiirnini^ aloncj its iiortli- west side, round by the north, he passed Gardner Point, and at a jioiiit on its imrth-fast face he deposited another record, lie imw crossed at,Min to the north to I'oint Wilkic, and coiitinnini^ a northerly course passed .laiiieson Hay, Hroun lUiitr, I'oint (iiddie (:), ami several other bays not named, to ("ape lleinphill ((iiddie:). Jli' now cxaiiiiiied a small bay, and crossed the wide Moore Hay to Capo Ludlow liich. The land now trended to the north-west, and some new land was discovt'red to the northward. Commander M'CiintocIv jiroeeeded on, and landed on its eastern side; it jiroved to be 1h(< sitiitherniiiost of a cluster of islands. Still ad\ancin!,' in a northerly direction, he reached the second, and on its easti-rn sitle built a cairn and deposited records of his visit . Koundini,' its northern extreme, he discovered sever.d dther islets lyiii'j; oil' between north and east, with vi'ry lu'avy I'ohir ice pressed in against their western shores. These named the I'olynia Islands, about lat. 77^ bV N., and ll('<^ W. To one in the extreme north he Ljave the name of Ire- land's Eye. lie now returned to I'rince Patrick's hand, and found hi! had reached its northern extreme — that its shores now trended west and south. I'ollowini,' them, he passed Cape Kralibe, now Cape !M'Clintock; threadiuL^ his way between several un-named islands to Satelliti' Hay, he ullimaUdy readied his farthest - I'oint 31"Cliiilock — on the I7tli June. "Here," he says, " wi; saw several islands, formiiii^ a chain a few miles off shore ; these keep oil' the Polar pack. . It is almo.st impossible to form a correct idi'a of the .shape of this coast line, it is so extremelv low and .so deeply covered with snow; J compelled to return. The position attained was alioiit hit. 77° 'I'X N.. lonu;. lis" '!{)' \V., dislani, about sixtv miles from hii'ii^'Miaiil .Mecham's farthest northern point reached. Commamler M'Clintock stai'trd on Hie lilth.liine; he fol- lowed the coast to the northward to Cape M'Cliiitock, and then to the south-east bv Cape Krahbe to Cape liitdl.)W Kicli, crossi-d .Mooro H;iy to Cape llcmiihill ((iiddie). and left a record and (.'iKii't. I'roin here thevcrosseil are other Jiami'S thai have a claim on our iioti( •. Their rejtealed short journeys, made in establishing; depots for the more extended pari ies to tall iiack upon, involved not uiilv much labuur, bui ;j;real, atlcJitiun aud per:>everaiu-i.'. o° ft a ircord, ^illc Islaml. Cape, ami 11(1, ami saw lari;i' cairn and I'aiTv's ocords were I' holloiii (if •r caini was 1 across tlu> Hooded, ami avc llu' cart tiic ship, S miles j^'co- UT i)i'')ot' of iii:;li":: in a ' iii.isl. llu- die. w illiiii:; li'dy has all all tliosc so I'ldly iiiidcr- t'ully apprc- viio\vlcdi,'iii!j; Cil )(. "'ii'V, This joiir- tlio ^'rcator 7(!S i;coi;r<'i- I'oM'i'cd ami 'i'aid''cvi - L--- o' ro -co ■~-,2\ 'hill 1.1^. = ?w I ; " 'iiiiuhmv j^ oOi CO ^ ino o'* t^£ no; t>'-3 o — o c « ' *, 2 7 if -> — _,< ■/: f. X Li S 3 ;; X a; llil .'i\l Jino l'T<\\3 OK snAUCIl FOlt KlU JoltN I'RANUr.lV. 1^ Hi i' Tlic travdlinc; parties Ixiiiij; now all on board, and llio search to the west and north completed ; :i nohie depot havinj^ been built at Deidy Island, and well stored with ])rovisions, in case of any wander- ing' party IVomi l'"raidiliii's uv ('i)lliMS(Pn's Ivvpedilions i'iillini^ hack upon Melville Island loi- nliei'; and the L'lKdlnlc and Iii/rfpid having' ln'cii put into sea-<;oinL,' order. Ca|)tain Kcllctt now h)oki'd anxiously i'>v the hreakiiu,' up ol' the ice and the release of his ships. On thu iSfh .Aui^ust, is.");?. ;i lurious from the north iniexpcctcdly broke up the lloe about them. ;nid drove them to sea. The vessels conliinied dritVuiL,' to and tro helpless in the |)ack i'or cii,dity-seven days, but even- tually became llxed on Ihi' I'Jth Novendier, twenty-eiL,'ht miles south- wtst of ('m])(> Coekburn. Here, in the pack, tlie Ucsoltili' \\.\n\ Iii/ri/iid were frozen in, .•md wintered. Thus unexpectedly arrested. Captain Kellett resolved to make another altempt to connnunicale with the Kithrj))-in(', Captain Collinsoii. lie thei'efore despatchinl away two parlies; one, under Lieutrniuit Mecham. of the Jifsolntc, to Iho I'rincess Koynl Islands, I'rinre of Wales' St rait ; the oilier, under Ml". Krahhe. of the liit rcjiUl , to Mei'cy Uay. These parties started on the ;}rd .\|ii'il, ls.")l.* Their orders were to proceed totjether to tht^ Sailor's lh)me, Dealy Island, and from the:ic(> to the westward and across IJanks' Strait to Point I'eel or Cape Jiussel. Ileri' Ihey were to separate, the one for tiie Princess Jvoyal Islands, the other for jVlen-y Pay. ProceediuLC to the west and north, they passed Cape (iillman, Pyam Martin Island, and reached the Sailor's llomi-. Dealy island, on the I2lh. They then conliuiu'd on to Cape Providence, and ci'ossed the strait. On the l!")th they eiu-amped oil' a low point at the I'Utraiice of a with; inlet, which they su])posed to he Ca[)e Uussel. Here they parted. Mi'. Ivrabbe for IMercy JJay. and Lieu- ti'uant Mecham for Princi' of Wales' Strait. Supj)osing this iidct to be the entrance to that strait, he proceeded down it; but on the L'sdi, havini' reached the bottom, tlu'v discovered they wore in error. Placing his men on half allowance, he retraceil his steps to the north. \\ tni'ued out tliey had been li-avei'siiig ('(illinson's Inlet, the laiul about here having been laid down too far to the eastward by lil'ty nules. l''ollowing the laml, which now gradually trended round to tlu> westward, they opened a new iulet. This ['roved to bo Trince (d' AVales' Strait (they wei-e on Point Peel), having lost live days in useless travelling. They now [)rocccded down the strait, and " on * ist'f Ului! Itoiik, " I'lu-llici' I'hjX'I's Eelalivc to Kct'i'iil Arctic Expedilioas, LsVi," PI'. 87 anrl (kSil. > Hcarch to n Ituili at IV wandcr- illiii'; back ■pill having' I anxiously s. On till' ti'dly l)n)ko s colli iniicHl s, Lmt I'von- uilos soiilli- 11(1 Inlrcind fil. Captain lie with tlio il away two I lite, to the )lluT, UIuUt 8 starti'd on L'thcr to t'lo I'stwaril and IV tlu-y \viTt> he otlifP l\>i" i)assi'd ( apo ioiiio. Dt'aly I'roviilcnc-i', I low point () 1)0 C"a[)0 and Licu- ihis iidft to l)iit on tlif ro in error. 1 iho north. 1. the laiul ;ird by iifty od ronnd to le I'rint't* ol tivi' days in it. and "■ on Expeditions, 1 K.\vi;r,r,iN(i i-autii;.';. 851 the Itli .May landed on the hu*m'r I'fincc.ss lioyal Island, and at the caii'ii round a domnncnt, statin,i,' that II. M.S. Jui/crprittc, in Aui^ust, iS-ii, pa.s.sed nptlio strait to Point IVol ; returned, and attcni[)tod to f^et to the north by the wi'.st eoast ol" Harini,' Island, but could oidy r...ieh lat. 72' .'i,"J' .\'.; that she ultimately w intered, ls51-.jli, in lat. 71° U'V .\., lon^f. 117"' 10' W. ; and that inl'orniation ot" her subse- (jueiil iiiiiveinents would be lound on an islet (Ramsoy Island) in lat. 71' ;!(■>' \., lou';. Ill)' W." Lieutenant Meeham now " sturted to the soiithwanl Ibr further traees. . . On llii^ J)th arrived at tlu^ islet," and " rouml reeords. . . These stated that the h'ii/irjiri.si:'n parties had visited J'oiid lleariu^, on Melville Island, and had exam- ined the north and south shores til' I'riiiee Alliert s liand. L'pon her leaviu'j,- this, the 27lh .\nL;iist, I Sol], Captain Collinson intended to pursue a ehainiel between Wollaston and i'rince Albert J.and" ( I'riiiee .Albert .Sound), llaviut,' let'l reeoi'ds here, liii-ntenant ^hv eliaiii re.solvi'd tori'turn to the ship iiiuinMliately. DepositiiiL; reeords and imtiees of his visit at Cape Jtussel and on the south sid(> of tlw^ strait, he crossed t,o Cape I'ms ideiice, and arrived at Dealy Island or the l!7lli .May. lie tlKre I'ouiid orders I'rom Caj)tain Kellett, direet- iin,' him to |)roceed al once to lieeehey Island, Ca|)tain Kellett him- self having; retcived orders from Sir Jldwai'd JJelelur to ahandoii llio /I'r.soJii/); aud Inlrijiiil. Depositing his lati'st iid'ormation he aijain started, pa.-r-i (1 Point (Jillman, Cape Cockliurn, Assi.itaiice JIarbour, Ac., v^c. He ai'ii\i'd at l>eeelu'y Jsland, llith .lime, liavinj^ travi'lled 1,157 i,n'n^ra|)liical (tr J,o;U5 statute miles in 70 dau«, or deducting S| lost from various detentions, in (W]^ days. Mr. Krahlie,* after partiiii; (April 2.')tlij with liieutenaiit Meeham, was thrown out in his reelioiiint;'. t!ie land beini,^ laid down too far to tlie eastward, tiie saiat- as that ollicer had been; but, ha vi lit; made; out Capt; Kiissel, he proceeded at once to the Hay of .Mercy, .'iiid arrived there May 5tli. .I'"indin;; everythiiii^ undisturbed, liavim,^ examiiu'd and farther secured the stores, he letl the //irrs/ii/n/or and .Mercy Hay on the lllh, ami arriveil at Dealy Island .May liOth. He lliere received orders to proceed direct to IJciclny Ulaiul, for the same reasons as those ;,n\en to Ijientenant .Meeham, and started directly, lie [mrsued a similar track to l,ieiiteii;iiit Alicham, ami arrived June loth; distance ti'a\illed, StitJ i;i'o^'rapliical = l,OUi -tatute miles. We had thought tho [)revioiis tra\eiling exploits of Coiiunamler ** ;irciiliic I'dok, "ruiKtv Jiriativo If l-tccciil Aivlir l'\pr(lili,in.-<, \^'jo" \1. %. I I iiin i" i! t ^ ' •I •if I'l-.ws 111 si:\i!(ir rtHf sii; .iniiv i i; anki.iv. iNl'Clililoi'k and Ijiciilfiiaiit .Mcrliiiiii cvlradrdinai'v. ami llic imirc so, takiiii,' into (•(Hisiilcral inn llic riuout' of tlic cliniatc. tlir natiiiT dl' tlio country, and (lie t'\(r>si\c utiulil, per man, Imt llic jimniry nl' l.ii ii- tenant Mt'diani, jii:-l iidlicrd, eclipses llieiii all ; it is witliniit parallel ill .* .lie travel, wliellier we ceiisidcr tin- distance <,'nne over or the time in wliicli it. was perlormed, and rellecls the liii,dK'st credit on that olUcer and his parly. We now nturn to the /icsolii/c and Lilrcjiiil. diirinij the alisi-iice of these parlies. C'ajit. Ktdlctt had. mnh r the orders of Sir I'Muard I'elcher, been compelled to abandon bolh vessels. I'l-evioiis to arraniciiiL,' for the de[)artiiri' of his own crews, (apt. Kellclt. with that hniiiane fceliiiL; so characteristic of him. prepared for the I'arefiil removal of the I iivestiijators, now forced, a ^cc(llld tiiii''. to seek another home. I'nder t'apt. 3M'lure, they were dcspatcheil. in tline disisioiis, on April lOlli, lllh, and I lib, and arrived safely on hoard the .Wnili Slur on the l^JJrd, 'J Ith, and 'J7th followillL,^ iJotli ships haviiiL; been |>ut into peiTet-t working order, ready foi' re-occii|.at ion. and every pre|)aral ion iiiaile lor the comfort of his men on their journeys, on .May loth, Isol, (.';ipt. Kelhtl. willi his gallant olllcers and crews, abandoned tlu' /u.v(y////c and /////Vy-/(/ lor ijci'chey Island. 'rims were two i,'oud ships saerilici'd. but the " Old h'csdlntc'' a> if in (leliance of nnfeelint^ ollicial reekles^lless, seems to have lliniiylit her- self wdrtliy of a belter fate; ami, averse to be i;ot rid of in this igno- minious vva_\. he]' sjiirit was not to be laid. ^Slle submitted to be ice- bound, and to be wildly drifled with it; but slic ultimately broke from her fetters, ami told to science the tale of lier drift : she uii- lohled im|)ortaiit deL>iderata the velocity :nid dirt'clioii of the I'olar currents. .She was n seued and restored to Muiilaiul. and rem;iins a monument of the deep sympalhy which, foi'Ljetfnl of the past, excited by a i;ri'at and noble ciuist-, may exist bi'lweeii two kimh'i'd nations." Sad was the day to C'apt. Kellclt. and his excelk'iil olllcers and K-vvw.-t, wlu'ii the Jii'xuhilc and lulri^iUl wt're ab;uidoiied ; they would * 'I'lir l\i^itlnli\ i\llli(iuu''i ili'-i'i'tcil, was not to W wluill;' le-t ; dril'liii.;, .-li • ruiiiul In r \xav (lovvii 15:iii'(i\\'s Stniit, llir(iiiL;li I.;m('M>tor Soiiiul iiite I'allili"- li.iv mid |)iivis' Strait.*, to lU'ar C'ajU' Mercy, where she was coon iiiiil taki'ii jios-es^ion of l)y an Anicvieaii whaler, and curried into Now London, Conueeliiiit. Slie w.is purchased, rolltto(l,aiul restored to her oritjinal state, Iw the .\nieriean ( iovi'rnincni, and sent to l''n;,'land under i'a' eonuiiaud of Cipt. Ilartstein, I'.S.N. ; and l)y lii'ii jTi'siiited, jleeenilier KJth, is."*!), in tlio name ol' the Anieriean iieojile, to \'ii'loi'ia, ]ui;:Iand's (^ueen. 't'liir- noMo act thids us too jioor in words adei|uatel\' to aeknow led^^'o. Oracernl and vet glin'iou-', it eonnuands our hiL'hi-l adiuu'al ion, L'raiiludi', and |iraise. .May it never W l'or'_'otlen I IC IlKirC so, HIT III' tllH •V 111' l,l( II- lul |);inilli'l over (ir tlif , crciUt on he alisi'iicc Sir IvUwinl 'iH'vioiis to cllctl. with llir (.'iirri'iil lli', 1(1 Sri'K nil. ill llirci' ly on l)o:U'il l')oth sliljis -(iccui'aliiMi. I'll on tlirii- Haul. (iiriiH Ts chry Island. /(/('," as if in Lhdti^'lit liiM'- in tliirf iuiid- ll In 1)1' ilT- airly Imikc I't : slif 1111- tlu' I'olar (I I'lMiiains a last . t'\fiti.'il nations.* oiru'iTs and they wonlil cirirtiiiL;, .-li- > I'.MlHii"- r>;iv iki'u ))(i>-i'>~iiiii iciil. Sill' \v:is u ( ii)\oi'iinu'iil, iiiid h\ liiMi ill', ti) \'ii'tiil'i:l, :iili'c|u;iti'l_v t.i -t ii(lMuralii.iii) Iti; \l AKKS. nr»:i gladly liavc rcinaiiird nut }ft anoliur year. It was ('apt. Kfllftt's iiitontion to have ('xainiiicd I'crl Sonnd, and also to liavc lillod up the hpacc hctwiMMi lnciitiMi;iiil (now Cajif.) S. ( )s|nii'n".s and Liciilr- nnnt Wynniatt's I'artlu'st in Mrh illr Sound. Tliis latter wonlil, we tliink. Iiavf yielded to liiiii tar more l\nowledi;e ot' tin; position and fate of oiir unfortunate countrymen lliaii we fear we sliall ever obtain now (our reasons for tliinkini^ so will he aijain reverted to). hut it was not ])eriiiit(e(l ; to ahandon were his ord.rs. ('apt. Kellett niul hia j:;allant fellows all arrived in safety on ho;ird the Xorfh S//n% May *JS, iS.'il.. Snhse'picntly. on .\iit,'iis1 'JCi'i they were joined, as has l)een notie<'d, hy Sir Kdward l?eleher and thi- ollieers and erews of the .Is.-i.'i/i'iifr ami l'iihirr,\ also ahandoiied. The a more wantcii saerilice. 'I'hese sliips had hcen eominissioned for a partieiilar and a saered pnr[)ose; tlie country hail willin!.,dy ^^'oim into greater expense in their e(piipment than had ever heet! j^'one into hefore for similar olijects, yet with these ^.^'oodly ships, their cor.ntry's l)ride ! in perfect orik-r and eilicicmy, with the purpose (.'." their mis- sion only |)artly completed, under the hateful inllueiiceof a vacillatin:^, mean, unworthy policy, they are peremptorily ordei'cd to he with- drawn from tin* scene and ohject of their mission, or to he ahandoned at once on the s|)ot, and with them ail further search for our missiim countrymen. All the ollicers and crews of this expedition heinijr now assembled on board the Xurlh Star, that ship was directed to Knu;laiid; l)ut, fortunately, the J'/iaiii.r, (".•ipt lni,delield, with tho 'l'ii//>of, hove in sijfht the same day. The Xorfh Slarwws now relieved of |)art of th(? oili/ers and crews, which were distributed amoiinsl tlu! various ships. This done, the Pluriiij', Xorf/i S/nr. and Ti'llml mailed I'or Kiiiiland. The former arrived at Cork, as alreaily noticed, on September 2sth, and the others soon after. Wo liave now coiiij)leted our notices of Sir lOdward Helchcr's l''\. pedition. That extraordinary exertions were made to hrini,' it to a successful issue no one can doubt. Who can read of the doint,'.s of kichards and 8herard Osboru. of iM'l'linlock and .Mecham, without II thrill of admiration at their t^allant daiiiii,' .■iiid perseverance — over- cotuini!: all dlllicnlties with a lit,dit, cheerful spirit, and i/rf tti>f la J'rrl • (I ciirrfspihiiHiKi rciii'i't tlmt flmsv hr'ujlit . c » nvh\ 'oi ij ijiiiiWCicx xli;)iiltl linve lifcn Ihnti iinclrsslji Ihrou-n uivini f The siniie oiiM'rvations apply to the r»'st of the ollicers and crews, 'fakiiii; the eastern (Uviaion and the Wellin;j;ton Channel, w liat -necess could be hoped for from it? Hfvorid its fair .'ippearance it could otfer nothini,'. There was not the l.^l'i n.")! I'l.ws or si:\i(( II idu siu .khin iiianki.in iiitml iiiiiMit<> latt to prove lluil. (Iif Hrvlnis aixl Tn'rur vwr asrciitled it. ur .loiu'r^'s nr Siiiil l( s Sdiiiuls, III' even lliciKtrlli n\ all. All licsiil*- was till- work nf tln'ainy \ isioiiarifs, or lu'iuMilfiit t'litlniMiawls ; Iviiully iiicaiit, but lull nl" error. A,>< to tlie wer^lerii divi.sioii, it (as we have said before) bad jii>t a elianee ol" lutpe, wbieb bo|)e rested solely oil tb(! supposilioii that, bai'red rroiii the suittli, but baviiii; made lari^e wesliii;^, l-'rankliii bad aM-ended to the north by IJyaiii .Martin's or .Aiislin's Cbaiinel; still, as these ehaiiiiels bad already been Henrebed by Austiii'.s part'es, le.'^s, e(iiise(|iieiitly, was the hope that flickered ovei* them ol' siieeess. We lia\e always thoie^'ht that the absence ol' despatches at I'arry's Sandstone was prettv i,Miod iieL;ali\e I'viileiice ibat he ]\Ad iiiri'r /icni htrmliDitl . 'I"he .searclM)!' the imrt h of the I'arry Islands by Kiebards and Osborn, and ol' the entire circuit of Mehille Island, with all the new islands to the north and west (Prince Patrick's Jiaiiil, &.Q.), and the cbaiiiiels between them by i\l'('lintock and JNIecliani, all went to set at rest the lboiij,dit that Krankliii had ever attempted a northern route at all. Thus far as vej^ards the north: where, then, could we look for him 'r^ There was but one place, and that is 31elvillo Sound. This, then, sliould have been searched. Js it not slranj^e tliat Imai^ination never wandered liere ? particularly as seeinjf that the Krrltiis and Trrror were ordered to |)ass tbron^b it in a south-west direction. Did she shrink from the bctrrors and embarrassments with which it bad liecome invested':' If these were thought really \o exist, the greater reason was there that more strin<;ent etl'ort should be made in this direction. Il was. »n the absence of information, the only certain and true path, whilst to the north all was a myth and irilhoid the jilaii, or at best, onlv secondary to it. 'J'he [)erseverin^ efforts of these travelliiii,' parties destroyed the nivtb ; but, alas! in seeking its destruction, l''rankliii and bis gallant companions were forsaken, 'i'bey may have perished, too! But all this mi4, and with them bis intentions and movements. The e\istenc(> of a Polynia to the north of the I'arry Islands would, we thoiii^ht. be fully tested by this expe- dition; for, as Franklin was said to hav<' passed up W'elliiiLjtdii Channel and by the sea of Pen .v to tht« north-west, this e\pe- dition beinj; expressly litted out to follow him. the Polynia thus pre- sumed to exist nuisl have been cro.sscd ; but it seems that no at temp; was possible in that direct ion. The observations madi- between lat Wf '» 111, \1A i;k>. ;«,'..". 1 I ! I I >r !\Hl'fiii V liiijio that f|it lliat till" noil negative ' till" iiiirtii oi' ■ iitin- rirciiil •ih ami \M>< •I'll them t>y tluMi^lit t-lial Tliiis far as r' Tlicri' was , should havi" •vci* waiuU-rctl weir orch'rcil (' shrink I'rom line iiivt'sU'd r' n was Ihon- ion. II was. lath, whilst at hrst. only cllin'j; parties ion, l''ranlt, this t'\pt'- \ Ilia thus prc- lat no attempt }o lictwcrii lal *o 77' ami 7n rather elieek llu! I'ervoiir in I'avour ol" an ii|H'n sea; hut rcnlly we do not sec, in the eonililioiis it presented, au;;hl that should lead to the eoiicUision that a I'olyida i/oii )iof f.iitif i/rf J'orf/n r /o //,- iKirtli ; aijain, there was oiils the experience ol' one m asoii. That an cxteiirsive I'ohir oeeun, partially opiii e\eii in winter, dors e.\i>t to the westward, mirth ot" I'rimc Patrick's Land and the I'olynia Jslatuls, is not disproved. 'I'liat a \feneral easterly current prevails, there is no doiihl. it may he dellei'ted to the north or soiilfi. as tlii' case mii,dit he, hy the inlerposilion oi' land; hiit. when (r* e, would still run to the eastward, 'i'lie enoriiious masses of ice. pressed upon the western sides of Mariiiu Island. Prince Patrick's Land, ami the I'olyni.a Islands, all attest lhi> lad; it may lie traceil in the old ice, aloii^ the northern shores of Cornwallis Island, in the ire-hlocked passage leadin;jf into Jones's Siiund. in (Queen's and W'cllinj^ton Channels, and Manks' Strait; all these furnish ahundant e\ideiice of (he pre\aiUni,' inllueiico of this easterly current. This current must clear, to a eer- taiii dei^ree. the Polar Ocean of its ices; ami this, with the warmth of summer, and the increase of warmth in |)roceediiiL,' westerly ("no matter from what cause." remarks Sir I'ldwanl Parry), must adil to the prohahility of a " wide, immeasurable ocean."' or i'olynia. Science was, as usual, benefited by the contributions of this expedition, espe- cially ,i,'eoii;raphy : the new discoveries were extensive and interot int,', heini; in so very liiy;h a latitude; to these are aihh'd valuable remarks on geolo<;y, natural history, tempei-atni-e. I've. As to animal life, Sir lildward Heh'her seemed particularly .sensitive on this point, whilst C'apt. Kellelt is |)erfectly at ease upon it. The one does not seem to have soui,dit. and therefore did not obtain, tlu* Haroii, or the prime Sir Loin, the haunch of venison or delicious ;j;ame ; the hitter soui,dit and soi'ured it, ate and enjoyed it, and. like a true IJrilon. when liis stomach was satisiied. was conteiiti'd and ha|)py, not only in himself but with every one alioiit him ; for he saw their reni^wcd eneryii's consecratetl to the .search with new hope. There is no doubt but in these regions man's stamina reipiires to be kejit fully ap, and ho may not be sipieamish as to what he eats; woe to him that is. or who cannot eat ! The interjial heat mu>t be kept up, and it mav be so from animals of the sea ;is well as those of the land; nouriahint abun- dantly to the far north, and that they make it their tixed abode, there i^' now no doubt ; not that we liiink a sportsman would fall over a musk ox or deer every step he look, or thai ptarinijjjaii. 6ic.. cloud the skv and stay their wiiins to be shot at, .Men in lari;-e partie-s are •_' \ NHPVI IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // <,:%' €?. :/i ® G i.O I.I 1.25 JfriM IIM !' i^ IIIIIIO 2.2 IIIIIJ4 U 1 1.6 o •• Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^^ ,\ ^v \\ % V 6^ ^ <^ '^^ ■* <^^^ >° J.^ 'a & r ; .1 1 :{')() I'KANS Ol" SllAIM'II rolt SIR JOHN KliA N K MX. scarcely likely to obtain suflicieiit contiuuous food by lumting aiiy- wJKH'e, but in widely separated small ones tlieir chances are i^reater. Atfain, all rocks are ndt tUvourable to vegetation ; and when' vegeta- tion does not exist animals cannot. Success or non-success in hunt- ing no doubt influences the feelings; indeed, we fancy we detect it in the tone of the corrc^spondeuce of these extren'.e divisions; the one seems morbid and despondent, the other cheerful, eveu gay and ho])eful. \ie notice witli great pleasure hov.- highly Sir Edward Belcher and his able second, Capt. Kellett, speak of tlieir gallant ollicers and i-rews ; especially, too, is JNI. de Bray, of the French Imperial Navy, mentioned by Capt. Kellett. This is very grutiiying. The usual kindly, patient bearing of one towards the other is as conspicuous in this expedition as it was in Austin's — between the ollicers and the juen, and the men with each other. Tiie cause in which they were engaged seems to have united and bound them together in one Holy League : all did their duty. In concluding, we cannot but express our regret that one ship and a tender was not left out for another year to complete the search of all Avest and south of the meridian of Beechey Island. We mean, to complete the thorough examination of ]M<'lvil'e and IVel's Sounds. Peel's Sound, ire think, is closed lo the soulliwavd (see anfr), and if so, if icoiiJd have fold of flic, (jrcafvr necessifij for the riijid cxa- •minntion of MidriUc Sound; for the question would then naturally recur, Where did Kae's drifting fragments come from, if not through it? The answer could only be, I'rom Melvilli? Sound. If open, and found to be continuous wltli Victt)ria Strait, more important relicpuo W(ndd have rewai'ded the explorers. At any rate, hi/ it the bottom of Melville Soimd could quite as readili/ have been approached hi/ a strait (ichicli ire liave no douht exists, for reasons ivhich we shall (/ivc, anon), as III Cape IValker. These completed, the search for J'ranklin aiul his crews west of i^eechey Island nuist then have been considered Knished ; which it cannot now, whatever the conclusions of tlie Ad- miralty. We wonder the necessity for the complete examination of Melville and Peel Sounds did not occur to a talented oIKcer like Sir Edward Belcher. It may be said that his orders were peremptory for the withdrawal of the whole of the ships : still we think he had a discretionary power given to him ; on this lit? should have acted : but he betrayed too much anxiety for despatches and orders. On the other hand, the 7\dmiralty, eagerly desirous to give up all furtluT s^'arch for the unforliinate Franklin, so well hedged him round with % ATIRIVAL or f APT. Al'c'MUi;. lunting aiiy- ; are ij;ro!it('r. lieiv vogeta- !css in hunt- we detect it ons ; the one i'cu gay and Ik'lchev and olllcers and iperial Navy, . The usual jnspicuous in leers and tlie ch they were • iu one Itoly one ship and tlie search of We mean, to 'eel's Sounds. io finfi'), and (he ri(ji(l cxa- hen naturally f not tlirougli If open, and irtant n-liqua^ '■ the hollom of lied bij a strait '11 (/ice (iitoii), J-'ranklin and en consid(>red ns of tlu' Ad- xamiuation of oIKcer like Sir ■e peremptory ;hink he had a ive acted : but lers. On tlie up all further ni round with So 7 l.e.n that he leaned f he rosp, ...ihHity of abandoning the ships less tl.an he did the displeasure ho might incur by keeping a part out another year, retaining them to complete the search. Again, in all Ibis he s^Mns to have consulted alone his own will, without reference to his eihcie.it second. The ships were abandoned, and, altogether, failure and loss were on every side. The wisdom of our country did not shine this year; happily, the obscurity was only partial, but, partial us It was ,t dimmed the glory of British Arctic achievements. Thus ended what has been anomalously called, "The Last of the Arcti<. Vovao-oa!" The arrival of Capt. M'Chire, the discoverer of the North- West i assage, with the gallant Investigator, in safety to England, after their long detention in the Arctic regions, was regarded as m. c'ommcm event. His and tlunr return was hailed with much iov congratulation, and thankfulness by all who felt how much the o'L- tion mvolv.d the nation's lumour. The scientific world marked their especial feeling in th hearty welcome they gave him at their re.-c-p- tions. In this none more cordially greeted the gallant navigator than did the Eoyal Geographical Society.* All npoiced that the great problem, the ve.rata .jiurstlo that had eluded the vigilance and enterprise of the most daring and intelli-uMit of our country for three centuries, had at length been solved,'"^and that It had been done by England. The " Old AV^orthi(>s " had b<". queathed this great question, the question of a North- West Pass-u.,. to her; she made it her own, and called on her sons for its solution' Many were the daring attempts mjde to unravel it. but all had failed; over and over again tliey were repeated and renewed; the so ution seemed to mock all their eftbrts : still undismayed, thev returned, again and again, to battle with storm and ice, and tho. treachery of unknown shores, until at last, as if in admiration of tfieir ceaseless perseverance, nature relented, and the North-West 1 assage was discovered. Thus another ray fell on Britain. It could not, at any period, have more gracefully or more worthily fallen tlian on the head of our excellent Queen Victoria. We stay not to * This distinguished Society had ah-eady, in May, 18,, I, previous to hU arrival awarded its pati-on'. n.edal to Ca,,t. M'Clure. See the annivor^arv a.Wress of ,1.; good Larl of Elles„.ero, I'resident. " Rojal Geographical Soei^ty^ Journal," v.I - 1, 1804, p. Ixxvi,. A paper on « The Discovery of the Nortli-West fa^.a^e " hv Comn.ander M't'h.re. was read before the Royai Geographical Soeietv. KoteLher 1 , 18.1, connuu.ueated by Sir George Uack. See 'Moarnal of Koval Oeo^ra- jihical boeiel\," vol. 21, p. JIO, ' ° I t 1'S I ^14' 1 f' i i %i . f'' t l^ t h\ 1 1' I •J r k S l\ 358 I'li.'.NS OK SKAKCIl lOR SIR J(Jll\ 1 It.VN K 1,1 N. It'll of Iho knir. Hae had been sent to the north, in lSo3, to comjdete certain surTt?ys ; amongst others, the west coast of Boothia, I'rom the Castor and Pollux Hirer to liellot's Strait. Having wintered on the North Pole Eiver, Ilepulse Bay, he started on ]\Iarch 31st, iSoI. V/e sliall now follow his letter to the Admiralty, dated Eepulse Bay, July 29th, 1854 :t — "During my journey over the ice and snow this spring, with the view of com- pleting the survey of the west coast of lioothia, I met with Esqui- * See Blue Book, "Further Pajiers Eelativi^ to the Eecent Arctic Expediti'jiis, 1855," p. 112. t Ihid., pp. 831—858. jinotion au(.l vards to the I Admiralty, ■fill acknow- d kindni'ss " to view the in a favoiir- ;" liiin "uo- tliis is good, ko our own ; I that notices vcllett, C.B., listingiiished ■rcr of Capt. for lie extrl- aud "without licirs. Capt. research, and L such merit, reat national arrival of the was, too, the be comforted id his gallant tery. discover the I again. IS received a^ Dr. ]iae; the had been sent longst others, II ux Eiver to iiver, Eepulse jliow his letter I) :t — " During ' view of com- 3t with Esqui- •ctic Expediti ms, Dlv. IIXK. 3^'-^. inaiix in Pelly Bay, from one of Avliora 1 learnt that a party of ' white men' ( Kaliloonans) »uid perished from want of food some distance to the westward, and not tar beyond a large river containing many talis and rapids." " Subsecpiently, further particulars were received, and a number of articles purchased, which places the fate of a portion (if not of all) of the then survivors of Sir John Franklin's long-lost ])arty beyond a doubt ; a fate as terrible as the imagination can con- ceive." The substance of the informat-'on obtained at various times, and from various sources, was as fol! ,wa :— "In the spring, four winters past (spring, 1>S50), a party ot 'white men,' amounting to about forty, were seen trav(>lling southwards over the ic(>. and drag- gnig a boat with them, by some Esipiimaux who ,erc killing seals near the north shore of King William's Land (which is a large island). JS'oiie of the party could speak the Esipiimaux language intelligibly, but by signs the natives were made to understand that tiieir ship or ships had been ci-ushed by ice, and that they were now going wliere they expected to find deer to shoot. Erom the appear- ance of tlie men, all of Avhom, except one oilicer, looked thin, they were then supposed to be getting short of provisions, and purchased a small seal from the natives. At a later date, the same season, but previous to the breaking up of the ice, the bodies of some thirty persons were discovered on the continent, and iive on an island near it, about a long day's journey to the north-west of a large stream, which can be no other than Jiack's Great Eish Eiver (named by the Esquimaux Oot-Koo-hi-ca-lik), as its description, and that of the low shore in the neighbourhood of Point Ogle and Montreal Island, agrees exactly with that of Sir George Back. Some of the bodies had been buried (probably those of the first victims of famine) ; some Avere in a tent or tents, others under a boat, which had been turned over to form a shelter, and some lay scattered about in dilferent directions. Of those found on the island one was supposed to have been an officer, as he had a telescope strai)ped over his shoulders, and liis double-barrelled gun lay beneath him. From the mutilated state of many of the corpses, and the contents of the kettles, it is evidimt that our wretched countrymen liad been driven to the last resource — cannibalism — as a means of |)rolongiiig existence. There appears to have been an abundant stock of ammunition, as the powder was emptied iu a heap on the ground, by tlie natives, out of Uie ke<>-s or cases containing it, and a quantity of ball and shot was found below high water mark, havhig probably been left on the ice close to the beach. There must have been a number of watches, compasses. ill i 1 ^ ;! i| f i rii h 1 1 . 1 '( ' " '; , ^|l ill i , fl ' t« 3U0 I'l.ANs Of .si;.\it(ii ii)i{ sii: .loiiN i i;a.n k i.i:-: tolcst'opes, jfuns (tiovcral doublc-barrc'llinl, Ac), nil ol" wliicli ap|)i!ar to liav(! hiH'M broken tij), as 1, saw piet'cs oi' these dill'i-rcnt articles ■\vitli the l'jrt{[iiiiiiaiix, anil, to,i;elher with soiiu^ silver spoons aiul forks, ])iirchas( (1 ms many as I could ,!j;(!t. A list of tho most important of these 1 enclose, witli a rongli sketch of the crests and initials on the forks and spoons."* We lused not enumerate tlie articles, but one of liiem boi'e tlie lamented Franklin's name, and others behuiged to Cro/.ier, (jore, ite., i^c. " Xont' of tbi^ Es(|uimau.\ had si>eu ' whites,' uor had they ever been at the place where the boilies were found, but liad their information from those who had been there, and who liad seen the ])arty when travellint;-." This letter agrees substan- tially wilh Dr. Jiae's more detailed Eej)ort to the Hudson's Bay Company, dated, York Factory, September 1st, 1854. t it is then- added, " A few of the unfortunate men nnist have survived until the arrival of the wild fowl (say until the end of 3iay), as shots were heard, and fresh bones and the feathers of geese were noticed neai- the scene of the sad event ; " and "from what I could learn, there is uo reason to sus[)eet that any violence had been oifered to the siilferers by the natives." After parting witli tin; natives at Pelly Bay, Dv. liac proceeded across the land in a westerly diri>ction, passed a river, the Becher, which falls into the west side of Belly liay, and soon after, another river, running seawara, westward, lUMued after Sir II. L Murchison, President of the lioyal Geographical Society. He then went on to the Castor and Bollux Biver; and, after the fruitless search of a ])illar near it for some docament, he crossed Inglis and Shepherd Bays to Cape Colville, where the coast turns sharply to the north. Following it they came to Boint de la Guiche ; from there ho sent a man on to JJalfour Bay. This was his extreme northern limit on Boothia Isthnuis. Being detained four days by fog, and seeing there was no chance of com])leting tlie survey between the magnetic pole and Bellot Strait, Dr. ]{ae, jNLay ()th, resolved to return, which he did by Belly 15ay, setting the disj)uted cpiestion, as to a passage west out of the head of that bay, at rest.J Crossing Simpson's * Tlieso relics of tlic laraentL'd Franklin and hi* unfortunate companions arc now prosiTvecl, and are to be scon at Ort'enwicli Hospital. t S(V ]Jlue Bonk, "Furtlier Papers velative to recent Arctic Expeditions, 1855," 1>. S;^5 ef seq. Sec also tlie " Jouinid of tlio xloyal Gcograpliical Society," vol. 25, pp. 2 l(J— 25(5. X After Dr. Eae's return from this quiirtcr in lSl-7, as he did not traverse tlie head of Pelly Ear, the question as to n pass:ige west to Castor and Pollux Kiver was '.'onsidered not to hiivc hccn ;ettlod. lich appear [■lit articles s and forks, iiportant of tials on the lori, but one belonged to vn ' whites,' wore fouiul, >re, and who L!es substau- Lidsou's Bay it is thoro ed until the is shots wen." noticed near i3ani, there is 1 the sulferers .>lly Bay, Ur. ussed a river, ay, and soon liter Sir U.l. tv. He then the fruitless d Inglis and arply to the 'roin there he Liorthern limit g, and seeing the magnetic return, which to a passage ng Simpson's iipanions arc now pcditious, 1855," Socit'ty," vol. 25, not traverse tlie md Pollux River ™ ih UHl.irS or TlIK I'U.VN'KLIN F.Xl'KDITrOX. 'Ml Tcninsula, lie reached Committee J3ay, and then followed his outward track, by ]tae isthmus, to Ke|)iilso Jiay, and on to York Factory, Avhere he arrived, August ',i\, ISol. " It was at their winter (luarters, between May and August," Dr. Eae says, " I. had opportunities of questioning the Es(piimaux regarding the information wliich .1 Iiad already obtained of the party of whites, who had perished of starva- tion, and eliciting the particulars coiniectcd with that sad event, the substance of which 1 have already stated." The recovery of these ])recious relics of the Franklin Ex|)editicn, and the sad, calamitous rc^port coinu-cted with them, we need net say excited the most painfid and distressing feelings throughout J']ngland. The eliect on the hearts and homes of those who had relatives or friends in the Erebus and Terror is too sacred for us to touch on ; we may conceive, but dare not attempt to describe it. It would be impossible here, too, to go into the detail of all that has been written and said upon these sad remains, and the speculations they gave rise to. One general conclusioii was inferred : that a party from Sir John Franklin's Expedition had reached the shores of the American Continent, in the vicinity of Back's Iviver, and had there in part, if not all, perished. The various valuable articles brouglit home by Dr. Eao aided too fully to attest this ; but ichence did tlie 'partij come, that we should hear of them in such an unexpected quarter ? In tho course of our in([uiry to ascertain if ive have sought the unfortunate Fra)ikJin in the rigltt direction, we have always (jucstioned tlie wisdom of searchiiir/ />!/ the north for Sir John Vranldin, and especiallif hjl the watj of the Wellini/ton Channel, until we had previously and fulhj assured ourselves that all his attempts in the direction of his Instructions — that is, hi/ Cape Walker and the south-ivrst throw/h Melville Sound — had failed ; and hence, acquitted or relieved from tho primnri/ part of his Instructions, he had no alternative hut to adopt a northern route, or to return. JVe have no proof that he did. We are compelled, therefore, to believe that he did not fail, and conse- quently ivas not compelled to adopt the alternative. In 1850 (sec ante, p. 101), we laid down the course which we thought Sir John Franklin would follow, agreeable to these Instructions. This opinion we still retain, and the result of every ell'ort that iias been made since goes more strongly to prove the soundness of our common- sense views, and the sad intelligence now before us more and more confirms them. It was now argued that this party came from Eranklin's ships, which, having passed down Peel's Sound, had been crushed bv the ice some short distance to tlie north of Kiu!' I I hi sW :!i MB I 1|| 1 'r :|R B^yt : . ] , 1 m 862 TLANS OI' SI',Vli( II lOR SIR JOHN IRAXKLr\. William's Land. Ollicrsi, ngiiiii, .asserted that it was a rotr(.'atiiirica from Behring's Strait is not found in Dcase's Strait ? If Peel Sound were open, it would continue its course to the eastward and north throutjfh that sound to Barrow's Strait. From all these authorities, * Eae's Isthmus ami tliscovcrir:^ in IS 1 7 were of eoiirse unknown to rranklin. irtroatiiif? in Clmiinel. ovidoiH'c in tiiral. Wo really i«, — ((u:ii"t('r, ii Kinii;'^ plan 3 rotrcatiujif •ni(( ircst hji 'Ihwanl and ■, also tlioM o it ottered e boltoiii of by ]{epuh(^ Company's z-nipt to ,rs Strait (supposiu-,' it navigable), arrived at King Willinnt's Land, without calling av Furg Beaeh- Tli(> same may be said of a retreating party from them. It is ecpially nnliliely that, having reached thei-e, they would depart without leav- iug a notice of their futun; intentions. Wo are com])elled, then, to the opinion that tlie Eretnis and Terror never entered that sea. or supposed strait, lying to the north of King AVilliam's Land, and extending to the bottom of Peel Sound, Itg Bed Sound or Bellot's Strait. Again, looking at this party as a retreating party, after having abandoned their shi])s, us some say, in AV'ellington Chaini(>l, it certainly is not impossible that, after crossing Barrow's Strait, they could find their way down Peel Sound and Victoria Strait to King William's Land, Montreal Island, and the adjacent continent. But why ? For what reason adopt this route ? A distressed party seeking relief would take the nearest, the most direct course to obtain it. Assuming them, then, to have started from the Welling- ton Channel, their first object would be to reach Fury Beach and the stores which they knew were to bo obtained there ; and to accom- plish this, it would be far more easy to diverge a little to the east- ward to Port Leopold, than to take ^ho more circuitous westerly course down Peel Sound, to arrive at the same object. To snp])oso that they, being in distress, and within liO or 150 miles of luiry Beach, and the relief its stores offered them, that they would, regardless of these stores, pass down Peel Sound to King William's Land, and on to Montreal Island, about 450 or 500 miles, trustin"- to the uncertain supplies of Back's Ilivcr and its vicinity, is mon- strous. Equally so is the idea that, liaving reached Fury Beach by Peel Sound, and having obtained temporary relief from there, that they returned by the way they came, and wcmt on to King William's Land. Once at Fury Beach, they w(>re far more likely to liavo adopted the plan of Sir John lioss, and endeavoured to get to Pond's * Sec Appendix to a pampldot on the " Probable Course of Sir Jolin Franklin," with map, by Alexander Findlay, Esq., F.K.G.S. Also, the Proceedings of the Royal Geographical fcjoeiety, No. A'L, |ip. 212, 213. 'M\ I i'i,ANs or sKAidii ^ol^ sik .ioiin i'uanki.is. Bay, .'iiiil aid from t!i(i whalcrH, or, lailiiif,' tlial, to reach tlio Danish HcMtlciiR'nts, than any other; but. even asHuniing tlicy preferred t'» alteinpt to obtain reliefby the lludsou'ri Hay Conipany'H sctth-nientH, their chances of r(!aehinfj; them and obtaiiiini,' it by ^oint,' down Kefj;ent's Inlet were (piite us confined to cue or two passages, the direction of drift may be readily inferred. Hence it was thought by Dr. Kae that these fragments came from the nortli, between iS'orth Somerset and Mctoria Land, but he Avas not aware of the results of Austin's travelling parties at the time. We have shown tliat uo passage to the soutlnvard exists out of Peel Sound ; they could not, therefore, come from thci-e. Still, granting a passage really does exist, whence did they come that they should have got within the iudi-aught of Peel Sound, and from thence be carried to the southward ? Xot from Beecliey Island, oi" thc^ Wi'llington Channel ; for if so, we must suppose them to have drifted irr.sfcrJi/ against, and soiitJio'Ii/ across, the general current setting to the eastward— thin is improbable ; and did they come from the westward, we can only imagine they belonged to Parry's Expe- dition, 1S19, or lo Fj-anklin's, 1815, as uo other ships have ever I'lioiiAiirr, HoriRS. :{(m he l)imi>li >ttl('UHMltH, d'hii; down .11(1 by tlu! Williiiiii'a once tlicHc tliat ill n»> eitluM" llm \'v\ Sdiiiul. brc'iu'i' lis a ilircction of ) beat proof •I'l'fort' look u-IuhI KiiiiJj [Wvv. This lie result of V, tlicn, iliil loticing !iiul ickod uj) by liaiul small If, a woo tie u they oaiiio "tinp; implies o the sea or e(mfiiied to ily inferred. < came from but he was at the time. out of Peel 1, granting a they should n thence be and, or the em to liavo cral currcvl y come from 'arry's Expe- )S have ever passed in that direct ion imt theirs. The former is so imjirobable, not to say impossible, that we may at once dismiss it; and the hitter is scarcely less so. Again, assuming the |)ossil)ility (»f the latter, it implies that Franklin got to the westward, at least of I'eel's Sound, which is not admitted by those who think lu^ went to the north bv Wellington CImnuel ; at any rat(>, it is only jnst probable, if he was enahletl to get to tlie vcs/irdrd, lUiil Perl Suttnd ir-iis nul vlosfil : but wo have shown that it is closeil, that it has no communication with Victoria Strait, and conscipieiitly none with I'arker liav. Nor can these fi'agmi'iits be traci'd lo Iveiinedy and JJellot, or to the iimlson'a Bay Company, as they bear the (iovernment mark. jNIay they not have been dropjied by the party in attempting to escape southward by King William's i [irimarv source or .starting-point, and movements of that party. This, we have shown, Avas not from the north by I'eel Sound. Whence then p There can b(! but one conclusion, which is, that there must be a passage or strait leading to the westward from Victoria Strait, and communi- cating with JMelville Sound. We have long thought so: the same • tpiniou has been (though but lately) surmised by others; but fnmi all we can learn, it is not based upon any positive grounds, but rests merely on the fact of th(!ro being a blank on our ma[)s. A. blank occurs between the Prince of AV^ales' and Victoria Lands, and there- fore it may be a strait. It rested, in .short, nu'rely on conjecture, that curse of Arctic coucl isions. That a channel or strait exists running in a north-west and south-cast direction from between Kacj's Pi'lly Point and the southern coast of Prince of Wales' Land, on tlio south-east side, and Osborn and Wynniatt's farthest on the iioi'tli- west, we have no doubt. The southerly and south-easterly set of the current from Banks' Strait, so often referred to, goes strongly to prove this ; for if jNlelville Sound tcere cloned, (his set wuiild sireep round the hottom of the sound, and would clear it of its ices, wliicii we know it never has been observed to do. It is clear, then, there must be some operating cause arresting it there ; it can only be accounted for by presuming the existence of an ou.tlet at or near the hot ton, , dicerdnrj the (jeneral easterhj current in a southerl// direction, bringing down and fdling the sound with ice from the north-west, and thereby preventing its being drifted or emptied into Barrow's Strait. We are aware of the low, shallow nature of the coast, with its old ice, visited by Capt. Ommaney, on the east side of Melville Sound, and the bar it would offer to the free drift of the ice masses ; , 1 I :{(!<> PLANS III SllAIKIf Ittlt SIK .ions rl'ANKMN. but no outward drill would occur until Melville iSouiid wns clioked; t lie wlmlc iii'cs.Hurc wmild llirii niiiio nii lliis cojist Irom tliriiortli- west, and it' loaded, tli(> outside ice would float, iilidei' tlie iiillueiice of the easterly current, intu and down Marrow's Strait. J5uttliis would he only tlie surplus or excess after Melville Soiurl was lilled up, or (hat wliieli mi'^dit lie detaclied hy aii (iccasi{jual iri'cgular lireiiklni,' up of the lloe on the outer or norllierii luar^on. But we have arrived at the coiielusiou 1 lial a strait exists here from other and more positive? reasons-- the eomhinatiou of a succession of facts, that have had their southward through that sound. These (htul)ts wen? eonlirmed (as we have already noticed) by Kennedy and MfUot in lHo'2, as they both assert they • the land conlinnoiis all round \o the north of them, thus proviiiu; that no puasuge e.xisted hy I'ecl Sound. 'I'he new discmcry of Bellot's Strait opcnini; from the eastward into this s])ace, or N'ietoria Strait, wo caniKd -"irai'd as of siilUciciit importance in any way to iiillueiice this flood tide, from its narrowness; liidcrd, wc may say, seeing how I'ccl .Sound hcconics narrowed by the numerous islamls in it, and the cdiitraetion of its opposite shores at the hottom, that, cvi'ii sup|)osing it to have a passage or passages between them, they are so insigniiicant, as not to ail'ord s[)aco for the How of so vast a body of water as would he ncecssary to produce? a Hood tide over so extended an area as that included witliiu the limits we have indicated, liowever great its depth might be. 'I'he result of this interesting iiKpiiry was a eonlirmed beli<'f that a strait must exist between Osborn and Wynuiatl's farthest, extend- ing to the soutli-east in the direction of I'elly Point. Having shown the imjiossibility of Franklin in hia ships penetrating to the south- ward throiigli Peel's Sound, and also the extreme im])robability of this distressed travelling ])arty adopting, from the north side of Harrow's Strait, the route by I'eel's Sound, when relief could be more readily obtained by J'ort Leopold at Fury Beach, or via Regent's Inlet from the Jliulsim'a Bay Company's stations in Hudson's Jiay ; — having given proof of the existence of a strait communicaliiiij u-ith J/rlvi/Ie Sound — that sound or space to which Sir John Franhliu was so spe- cially ordered, — there; can be but one reply to the question. Where did they come from ? which is, T/iei/ caiiio t)tj this strait from the rriished or ice-locked Erebus and Terror in Mehille Suiind. These men were forced in a south-east direction hij the trendinrj of the land and the direction of the strait. It should also be remembered, that when Franklin sailed, the western limits of North Somerset and TJoothia I'elix to Cape Nicolai were unknown ; they might be assumed by him to extend to, i.e., be continuous with. Cape Walker, and there- fore impracticable to a party travelling with a heavy boat. That there was design in their retreat is seen in their desir(> to avoid land, by seeking a passage between Victoria and King WilliauTs Lands, M • :{0s I'l.WS OK SKMU'll KOI! S1I5 .lOlIN KWAVKtJV. •,f^ and ivjiH'tiiiij; tlio strait of .lanios Koss. no doubt loiivl'iil it mif^ht turn out •xciil-Jr-xne, the bottom of Poetess Bay not liavinj^ boon examined in IS I."). Adopting the known route, tiiey passed througli Simpson's Strait to tlie enlranci> of Baek's Kiver. Their ulterior objeet was 1o reaeh Ki\gent's Inlet by tiie [lassage then su|)posed to exist between Back's Kivor and it, anil to ascend it to the stores at Fury Meaeh, or to endeavour io make tiieir way across to Jlepulse Bay or Wager lnli>t to the Hudson's 13ay Company's settlements on tliat bay; but eertaiidy it was not their intention to attempt to get south by Back's Hiver; its dangers, delays, and want of animal life wer(> well known to l''ranklin, and therefore to be avoided. Ilenee it is we hnd this unfor- tunate party in this most unexpected direction. We cannot conceive these forlorn men to have come from any great distance, from the early period of the year- April — -when they were lirst seen by the Es([uinuiux on King AVilliam's Land, unless we suppose them to have wintered at some intermcHliate spot between the last named land and their ships, which seems scarcely probable in such a climate, with only the shelter of their tents and boat; and yet, when we con- sider that the shii)a are scared v likelv to have been destroved in tlu; lib' > winter, when the ice is fixed and solid, and that it does not break up so early as April, we are inevitably h d to the conclusion that they did wiutt'r, lSli)-50, en routi\ and that the catastrophe, if it did occur, must have befallen them certainly not latei' than the sununer or autumn of ISM); or if this conclusion is not deemed satisfactory, the only question that remains -and it forces itself upon us- -is, Were the shi[is enabled to get well down on the western side of iNFidville Sound, and within the fatal influence of that south(>rly and easterly current so often spoken of, and on by the strait which mo have ])roved exists between that sound and the Victoria Strait, and so on to the north of King AV'illiam's Land, and there have been wrecked or run over by the ice ? AVe can scarcely realize the idea; for, had such been the case, there would have bei'u stronger evidence of the fact in a larger amount of drifting materials fnmi the ships, which would not have escaped the searching eye of Dr. Bae in IS51. And yet it seems probable ; for as we have sliown, there is not a doubt but that the strait we have indicated exists, and only through it could they have come. Still it looks so like over-taxing the credulity of our readers, tliat we dare not positively assert it; but if not by it, whence diil they come ? The men, reject i 111/ tlie stores at Furi/ Beach* * Tt fisis hcn\ said tliMt tfu'rc nvc 110 suiiplics nt Fiirv Drnch, nnil tlint Friuiklin , might turn on oximiinod li Simpson's bjcrt was to :ist botwoen l^oach, or to U'agci' lnl(>t nit oortainly lok's River; II known to :l tliis nnl'or- not conreive !C, from the soon by the 3SC tbein to last namod ?li a climate, hen we con- royecl in the lot brealv np n that they le, if it did the summer satisfactory, ipon us — is, item side of mtherly and lit which wo I Strait, and e have bi-en ze the idea ; ii;er evidencf* m the ships, iae in IS51. Mv is not a ly through it lie credulity if not by it, hn'ii Beach * tli.tt iM'aitldin h nn. nxv.. ;j(jr) and nt the risk of their lives taking the longer ront.N with the chances of the precarious anim;;! hTc of ISack's Kiver, nii-Hit come nortii by Wellington Channel' tor we have no evidence that that chann.d was ever attempt.-d bv J'rankhn, but wo do believe they came from the westward-from Melville Sound. As we have said, it would bo impossible for us to enter upon tlH> yiol.Mit controversy that ensued after the arrival of these relics and itsdisastrous report. Dr. Jv'ae's conduct was most s. b.-en formt ' Urn that Ur. Kae was sent by the Hudson's \hy Companv on a sn.vial .^xpedit.on, which he himself had planned, not for the search of iranklin, but for the survey of tiio west coast of IJoothia and he wis =is mncli amenaWe to that Company as the commander of any naval ."NIMMlition to the Admirahy. His character, too, was as much involved ,n the successful completion of it as any naval cdlcer's would be under similar circumstances. Again, hcwas'a trie.l, truthful and successful travelh-r, and his antecedents ought to have obtained for nm some considerali(m. It should also hav been r,M,.emb,>red thai: H' had already contributed his share towards developing the un-terv hanging ov.-r the fate of the IJrchn, and yWror ; he ha.l furnished a chie.n IS.,1, „i whirh was involved tl„. direction wlii.-h Kraukliu took after leaving iJcechey Island. That the importance of this clue was not duly weighed, or, if weighed, was not appreciated or under- stood by the Admiralty, was no fault of his, but cerfainlv was .r,,,||v to tlu'ir discredit-/.,,/ vanjecfnre ruled at that finio. llmvevei" it ill became those who had failed in all directions t.> trace J'Vank'liii to lind fault with one who had so energeticallv and so successfully ills- e ot any value in guiding us to the position and the knowled-e of the file of the unfortunate Franklin Expedition. Carefully lo.)!^,^^ over the Report, as given by Dr. Kae, we can onl v see in it a simph. narrativ,> of what he heard and obtained at various times and i)lac(>s, as ho could g(>1 it, from the Es.piimaux. |}ut as to tlH> miserable fate of our nnfor- f uiiate countrymen, we must confess we iiiid it impossible to believ(> tlnl t hey perished from starvation. Tliey had already communicated, and UM. awMio of It : fins is not fM.-l. It is fnto part; a.-o nai,! to l.av.' boon ^Inl,-,, by Mi-as.-all.y IVlcrlu.a.l or othrr wl.aln- ; s(,ll, wl,.,, Ko.innlv an.l UHlot sv..,v il,,.;. i» Maivh, 18,,2, tlioj-ar.- (l.w,.,.il),-d as i., ronsJ.U.ral.lo .luaulitv ami i„ ex.vll.a.t, I'l'i'L^irvat 1(111. •) ,, 370 PLANS (!1- SEAJfCll von STU JOHN FRANKIilX. m obtainod snmo soals' llosh from tlio Esquimaux ; and if in sueli deep distress from hinifxcr, wo think they would have obtained sullieient, not only for their present exigencies, but also a store for luture, or at least until the season was more advanced, or tliey would have stayed witli and cultivated a good feeling with them. That they did not die of starvation is further evidenced m the unconsumed contents of their kettles, which, however revolting as food, and still harder to believe, would still have preserved life. Nor can we imagine them to have died of sickness ; the fact of their being able to drag their heavy boat from the north shore of King William's Land to the mouth of the Great Fish River between April and jMay is goocl proof they were not so prostrated by disease, so debilitated, as to be unable to proceed I'arther. AVe fear there is too much reason to suspect trea- chery ; the scattered and mutilated state of the bo(bes — the position of the tall, stout, middle-aged olBcer, lying with his gun unuei-neath him, with his telescope strai)ped across his shoulders — do not indicate a calm death ; rather that he was struck down, unaware of the coming,' blow. Altogether, these are not the probable conditions in which we should expect to find a body of starved or scurvy-stricken men. All these, then, Itad us to infer treachery and violence. Then, again, "thei'cwas a great objection (in the Felly Bay Esquimaux) to our travelling across the country in a westerly direction;" there was the desire "to puzzle the interpreter and mislead us," says Dr. Fae ; then the attempted escape of the interpreter himself- these, and their thievish pi'opcmsities, &c., all contribute to create sus[)icion that our forlorn countrymen were the victims of surprise and foul ])la.y. Js'or should this greatly astonish us, when we consider the habits and wants of the Esquimaux, and the seductive power of the enormous wealtli (to them) that lay before them, in the boat, wood and iron, tools, &c., guarded only by men half star\ed and weak from overwrought exertion, of which they were fully aware. Might there not be, too, the recollection of former spilling of blood r* Let it not be supposed, from what we have said, that we would impugn the Report of Dr. Eae. We believe him to be truthful ; hit tve do ques- tion the sincerity, as much as tee do the honesty, of the Esquimaux. Wc cannot believe that forty men, assisting themselves and aided by the good feeling of a friendly tribe of Esquimaux, would all, within barely two months, be numbered with the dead. We know how temp- * See "NaiTiitive of a Journey to tlie Sliorcs of the Aretic Ocean, .1853, 1, and 5," by Ricliard King, M.D., vol. ii., p. fifl. J I in siioli deep 10(1 sunieicnl, for future, or f would luive riiat they did uiied contents itill harder to atrine them to [12 their heavy 1 the mouth of 0(1 proof they 1 be unable to 3 suspect trea- , — the position m underneath lo not indicate 1 of the coinin£; ns in which we ken men. All Then, again, limaux) to our there was the says Dr. Eae ; 'If- these, and 'eate suspicion rprise and foul e consider the e power of the the boat, wood and Aveak from . Might ther(> L?* Let it not Id impugn th(; hit tve do qws- ihe Esquimaux. es and aided by ould all, within vuow how temp- )cciui, 1853, '1, niul CAPTAIN COLUNSON. 371 tation excites lo the worst feelings and crimes the civilized man. How mucii stronger must it influence the wild passions of tlio until- tored saviige ! The Lords of the Admiralty at this time «eem to have laboured under considerable anxiety regarding the safety of Captain Collinson, ot the Enterprhe, now more tlian three years absent, and they, in a letter (2ith October, 185-4) * to the .Ilud.on's Bay Company, in ex- pressing » their high approval of the services of Dr. Kae, who has set at rest the unfortunate fate of Sir John Franklin and his party," add, " that it is by no means improbable that tliat olRcer (Captain Collinson) may be compelled to abandon liis ship, and endeavour lo reach the Mackenzie." They therefore request "the Company to take such further steps for ciieir safety as they may deem necessary towards . . insuring the necessary .upplies;" and their Lord- ships do not seem to liave been quite satisfied as to the truth of the sad account given by the Esquimaux to Dr. Eae. At the request of Sn- F. Beaufort, hydrographer. Dr. Eae drew up a statement as to the best mode of carrying into effect two overland expeditious, " Jne for the purpose of searching for and aiding Capt. Collinson ; the other to make further inquiry into the fate of, and securing, if possible, some documents from Sir John Franklin's party." This paper, dated October 2Gth,t does not appear in detail in the Blue Book, 1855 ; still it may be recognized in the memoranda bearing Dr. Itae's signa- ture, 27tli October, + and their Lordships seem to have acted upon it. In a letter, dated October 27th, 1851, § addressed to the Hudson's Bay Compa?iy, they therein " express their earnest anxiety that the Company . . should take iinu.ediate steps for organizing, in the most effective manner, two expeditions on an adequate scaled to be sent . . as soon next spring as the weather will permit." The iirst was to proceed down Back's lliver, " and institute a diligent search throughout the islands and space pointed out by the Esqui- maux to Dr. Eae as the place where, in 1850, a portion of the crews of the iircZ ". and Terror were last seen, and where, by the same report, it is stated that they perished. Every effort shoulcl be made," continues this letter, " to find some of the Es(piimaus who themselves * See Blue Book, "Further Pai)ers Relative to the Eocent Arctie Expeditions 1855," p. 831. ^ ' t This plan will be found in the Times, October 27th, 1851, oommuuirated by Captain T. B. Collinson, K.E., brother to the gallant raptain of the Eaterprhe. X See Blue Book, "Further Papers, &c., 1855," ]i. 818. § 7/;/rf., p. 810. 2 B 2 \\ ;lu| 372 PI,A.\a or Sl'.AncU for STU .TOIIX FnANKLIN. i"\ ! ■M saw iliis body of Eiif^lisliinoii, aiul, in 1S5(), (•oiiiniimicatcd with tluMii. . . l)ilij;oiit searcli alioiild be made for any records wliicli inay have been deposited . . in that neigiiboiirhood. Hvcri/ exertion vinut be exhausted on the spot to find tmcet of the survivors, if, h(/pj>ili/,the// exist; or if not, even/ j^orta/ile relie. which in ft 1/ serve to throw lif/ht on the fate of these (jallant men, should be brought home. Any })roof8 of where the Erehas and Terror were lost woiiUl be valuable ; but tlic principal object of tliis expedition is to ascertain whether there are anij survivors of these two ships' companies? wlietlier the report made to Dr. ]lac be true, and if true, whether anij remains can be discovered on the spot which viai/ further explain- the proceed! nrjs and events which terminated so fatalh/.'" In alluding to the (pialities of the person to be selected to command this expedition, their Lordships say : " It will be an honour to bo selected, for it is one in tchicli the f clings of the British nation are dcrpli/ interested, as the fate of Sir John Franklin and his men has been regarded for gears with intense anxictg, both in Europe and America.^' The second ex[)edition was to have proceeded to the mouth of the IMackenzie, with " the object of counnunicating with Captain C'ollinson and the crew of the Enterprise ;^^ to niai(0 " provision for his wants, if they shoidd fail to fall in with lim on sliore, or to establish a conuuunication with his ship." lUit letters were received from Captain Coliiiison (which we shall notice! pre- sently), announcing tlie safety of the Enterprise and crew : this expedition, therefore, did not proceed. AVith respect to the Expedition to the Back Kiver, tlic prompti- tude with which it was designed and directed to be despatched, the particxdar stress given in the orders as to the locality to be searched and the objects and information desired to be obtained, reflect great credit on the Admiralty, the contrast of their unfeeling decree at the beginning of the year. But we notice the olHcers to conunand tliis important expedition are all to be selected from the Company's service ; no mention is n>ade of the appointuient of a naval oillcer. Surely this is a grave error ; not but that we know thei'c are gentle- men in that service eminently qualified to conunand such an expe- dition ; but when we remember Fraid'ow lif/ld oil iiy proofs of lc> ; but tlio licvc are anij ort made to \c dUcovvrcd events which lie person to ly : " It will flings of the hn JFrnnklin viet//, loth in fe proeocdotl ninunicatmg ■;" to niako ivitli liiii oil Hut letters [ notice pre- I cre^v : this the prompti- spatched, the 3 be searched , reflect great decree at the onnnand th.is D Company's naval otHcer. re are gcntle- ich an expe- II the Copper- Is, the arrival ■ lost no time bv Jdlni Fraiik- CAPT. Houston's dksi'.vtimiiis. 373 iiiiiiakiM.,rthn necessary arraugeineuta ibr the earliest dc-parture of t le exp,.,lili,„i. As may be seen by their eorrespoiuh'nee,* in this liey wore ably supported by Sir George Simpr5on on the spot. 11 is Instructions, dat.nl from Lacliine, ISth Nov, 1851, ",.,nded on the wishes of the Admiralty, to lAIossrs. J. Anderson and J. G-. Stewart who were appointed to command this expedition, is j,n admirably written document. We ought to mention, Dr. Kae wa.. oflered the eormnand, but from motives mucli to his credit ho refuset it f November S, I851.-I),.,spatches, dated Sau Francisco, Sept. 20 iSol,: were received from IIM.H. Tnneomalee, Capt. AV^allaco lions' ton, giving a brief general account of the proceedings of tlie JJehring's Strait Arctic squadron. Capt. Houston arrived at Port Clarence Juiie2„, ISol, where he found tlie liatthsnahv, Commander Trol- iope, all well. It will be remembered th(,> latter ship was to winter at tins port, which slie did; the arrangements had been most sue- eessful. July 25, tlie Rattlesnake sailed for the nortli, hoping to meet and assist the Hover. August 1, tlie Fhver, Commander Maguire, arrived at Port Clarence, without seeing the Rattlesnake^-^ all m excellent health, after a most severe winter. Commander iUaguire, having received and considered his new orders from home determined to return to Port IJarrow for another winter, in cas(. the J^nterpnse should fall back on that point. The Rattlesnake retnrn.Ml on August 12, having received information at Cape Collie that the Plot 'r had passed south for Port Clarence, The Plover havin- been revictualled, etc., sailed again August 10, 1851, for Point JJarrow and on the 21st the Trineonmlee departed for San iVaiicisco. ]3nrin- July, 1851, Capt. Houston made a trip of discovery, up the Kiver Age-e-]Hdv, &e., but after an absence of fourteen dajs, was forceil back by bad weather, having made only lifty miU.s f,o,„ tJie shin No intelligence had been obtained of the Eretnis and Terror -Despatches were received at the same time from the Rattlesnake Commander TroUope, and the Plover, Commander I\Iaguiiv. ThosJ from Commander Trollope, Port Clareiic(>, July G, i;35J,§ detail the winter proccecUngs on board the Rattlesnake; these we do not enter * Sec IJluo Book, 1855, " Further Papers Eclativo to Recent Arctie Expc- tlitions," pp. 846—858. t Y)r. Kae and liis companions, after Messrs. Anderson and Stewart's return obtained the reward of £10,000 from tlie Adiniraliy. See forward. : See Blue Book, « Further Papers Kelalive to Kceent Arctic Fspeditions 1855," p. 851). ' § Ibid., pp. tol~UOl. ti ; • • n ! ^1 374 l'LA\9 OV SKAllCJU I'OK 8IU JOHN FRANKLIN. M. «: upon, not being witliin our object — the search for the Frmxhlin Expedition. Commander Trollopc, having bjard that communication Avaa main- tained from King-a-gheo (near Capo Prince of Wales) with thr" Diomede Islands and Asia, determined to go there, and endeavour to cross Behriug's Strait. Starting on January 9, 1854, accompanied by Mr. Stephenson, master's assistant, and a native guide, he reached King-a-ghee or the 18th. But on " ascending the conical hill which (listingnisbes Capo Prince of Wales," he " saw the ice slowly drifting to the northward and open water . , wiHiin one and a half or two miles of the shore." Disappointed in his object, he returned, and arrived on board the ship January 27. Commander Trollope's journal of this trip to King-a-ghee is very interesting, and will be found particularly so to those who would wish to know what are the domestic habits of the natives of this little-known region ; but not being within the immediate scope of our inquiry, we are compelled to pass it. As Kotzebue Souiul was the original rendezvous appointed between Sir J. Franklin and Capt. (the late Admiral) Beechey, Commander Trollope next resolved to send a party there, as well to ascertain if the depot of provisions left by the Plover, in ISoO, were safe, Mr. Hobson, mate, and party started February 9, 1851. He arrived at Chamisso 4th March. Having accomplished his mission, and left a record, «fec., of his visit, he returned, without " hear- ing anything whatever of Europeans," and arrived on board the ship the 27th March, having ti*avelled 5G0 miles in 47 days, and kept an excellent journal. These two parties were well supported by aux- iliaries under ]\Er. Gilpin Clark and Mr. Bourchier, assistant master. The Triiicomalee, Capt. Houston, arrived at Port Clarence June 25, and the liattlesnaJcc sailed for the north to assist the Plover Jidy 25, 1854. Having reached, says Commander Trollope (sec letter, August IH *), " Ten or twelve miles north of Cape Collie, on the 7th (August), 1 went on shore, and was, on landing, overwhelmed with printed and written papers (presented by the natives), which had been distributed by Comnuuuler ^Maguire and the olHcers of the Plover, by travelling parties, between the Jilst May and 23rd Jidy." By these he learned that the Plover had " passed this place on her way to Port Clarence on the 28rd ultimo." He now returned to the southward, and arrived at Port Clarence on August 11th, where * Sci- Bliif Uook, "Further i'apers Relative to Keeeiit Aivi ; Exiieditioui?, 1855," p. 900. StI ke Franklin ill was main- s) with th.^ endeavour to accompanied % he reached ■al hill which oAvly drifting id a half or he returned, er Trollopc'a and Avill be what are the ;ion ; but not ire compelled 1 rendezvous ate Admiral) I party there, ;he Plover, in . February 9, !omplished his ithout " hear- joard the ship I, and kept an orted by aux- listant master, ■enco June 25, 'lover July 25, ) (sec letter, lie, on the 7th whelmed with s), which had DlKccrs of the ul 23rd Jidy." s place on her iw returned to st 11th, where ■\ ; Expetlitioiii-, coMMAjruEii maouihe's uespatchks. 375 he found the Flover, whicli ship had arrived August 1st, as before noticed. " During our cruise to the northward," ho says, " we have closely skirted the pack between Asia and America, without having seen a ship, or, 1 regret to say, anything that could give the slightest clue to the fate of Sir Join;. Franklin." Commander Trollope'a intentions for 1S55 were to return to the north to Wainwright Inlet, and look out for the Hover, and return with her to Port Clarence; then return to the north again, and ascertain if any tidings had been received of Capt. Colliiison, and from thence, in September or Octo- ber, proceed south to San Francisco. But all these intentions and arrangements of the Behring's Strait Arctic Squadron were to be superseded. The Enterprise arrived at Port Clarence 21st August,* Capt. CoUinson and crew in most admirable health, after their three years' absence. The BattlesmJce was now directed by Ca[)t. Collin- son to proceed to San Francisco, to convey the earliest intelligence of tlic safety of the Enterprise, and sailed on the 23rd August ; and Capt. Collinson, finding the Flover had returned to the north to Point Barrow on 19th August, sailed again to recall her on the 21st. We now turn to the despatches of the Flover, Commander jMaguire. They arc dated Port Clarence, August IS, 185 l,t and detail the movements of and proceedings on board the Plover, from August 21, 1853, when she cpiitted that port, to return to winter at Point Barrow. Here, again, we are met with journals and docu- ments of the most valuable and interesting description. Gladly would we avail ourselves of them to enliven our pages, but we may not ; they must be confined to the dry but sad iiupiiry we have laid down for ourselves. Commander Maguire, between October 7th and 18th, 1853, made a sledge joiu-ney to Cape Ilalkett, 100 miles, and deposited notices, proceedings, and intentions. Again, in April, 1851, he started, accompanied by Mr. Gordon, mate, and eight men, for and reached Point Bercns, Avhere he deposited records, &c. On .luly 2nd, the Escpiimaux, just then starting on their annual trading expedition to the eastward, " came to the ship and were supplied with notices ; and presents were given to them to make inquiries whether any white men or ships had been met with, or heard of by the * See Blue Book, "Further Papers Eelative to Kecent Arctic Expeditions, 1855," p. 902. t Ihid., p. as()n enabled the L'lover to quit her winter quarters on July 20th, iSoJ;, when she sailed for Port Clarence, and arrived there August 1. J [ere she fouml tho Trincomalcc, and learned that the Itatllcsiwlcr liad gone to the nortli in quest of her. On August 12th the Litter sliip returned; having obtained information of the sailing of the I'lovcr, at Cape CuUie, as has been noticed in Commander Trollopc's despatch. Capt. Maguire, having received additional Instructions from England, giving him tiie discretionary power of remaining another year, resolved to take upon himself tlie responsibility ; it being, in his opinion, l/ioin/h iiiili/ccli/ i/.'t possible, thai C«pt. CoUinsun miijht rclitrn hif the icesterii route. The I^lovrr was to sail on August I'Jth, for Point Harrow, which, by reft>rence to Commander TroUope's despatch, it will be seen she did. We shall now give extracts from Capt. CoUinsou's despatches, dated Port C^larence, August 22, 185i.* It has been already notict'd, that i\\o Enterprise left Port Clarence, July 10, 1S51, with the object, agreeable to her Instructions, of rounding Point ParroAV, and at- tempting an eastern route by tlu! north of Arctic America ; " Hie course to be ])ursued aftci- passing L'uint Barrow was left to Cai)t. CoUinsou's 'judgment and discretion' " (see ante, p. IIG). \Ve be- lieve* the intiMitiou was to search from the then known western limit of AVollaston Land, north to Panks' Land, and on to ]\[elville Island. It was sui)posed, but the supposition was ibunded oidy on the pro- tracted absence of Franklin, for there was not a single fact to prove it, that he had made large westing, and would be found to the south-west of the above-named lands and island ; and hence the search in this direction cut Pehring's Strait was determined upon. In short, this expedition was intended to meet the expedition under Praiddiu, emerging from the north-eastward ; this was rational, and is easy to be understood whilst its cilbrts were co;?//;/6'(/ to a north-cast direction. There was then an unknown blank existing on our chai'ts between * See Blue Book, "ruvtlier Papers relative to Eeeent Arctic Expetlitions, 1Sr)5," jip. [)13— 'J52. Also, a paper, "Account of the rroeeedings on board JI.M.S. Enterprise, from Behring's Strait to Cambridge Bay," hy Capt. Colliiiiif/h unliki'.hi 'eHtern roule. i\v, whicli, by seen she did. J despatches, oady noticed, th the object, row, and at- nerica ; " the left to Capt. 6). Webe- yestern limit .'Iville Island, on the pro- ;t to prove it, le sduth-\\-est 3arch in this [n short, this ler I'nmklin, lid is easy to ast direction. arts between ic Expeditions, lings on board "apt. Colli?ither failed; iuueed, instead of attempting to ^et w(-stward over the ice and reach Cape Walker, he kept to tlu> land and pursued a southern course, down IVel .Sound, in the direction of Cape x\,colai ; a route at a wide angle to that direction to which he ongh alone ^o have looked for JM-anklin: the result was, as mi^ht l-ave been anticipated, failure : but that was not all, two seasoi. w^re wholly lost ; so much precious time uselessly employed, time so impor- lant m every attempt to convey succour to Franklin and his followers even at that period. JJut we return to Capt. Collinson's despatches ' we quote from his narrative. After leaving Port Clarence, .lulv 10th' iNo , he proceeded on towards Point ]Jarrow. At Wainwright Inlet' -0 was stoppc>d by the ice, . . caught in it, and thus carried b; tie current to Point llirrow, wliich was doubled on the 2(;th • tlu> ice then slackening, by dint of considerable labour, we reached," observes Capt Collinson, "open water on the American coast near Tan<.,>nt ioint on the 31st. Here we found the land water varying from^two eight iinles m width, the water gradually deepening to nine fathoms at that distance, the mainland being fronted by low sandbanks » Ihey arrived olF Manning Point, August Sth, when "tho eilW-t of the Mackenzie River became visible, the channel between the pack and the land increasing to fifty miles, at which distance from the .-liore no bottom was obtained at 150 fathoms." On the '>Oth •■the Pelly Islands were seen, . . and two islets discovered to tiie east-north-east of them. . . On August 2Gth, Cape Parrv was in sight," and a bold blufi- (Cape Erebus, " Nelson's Ile-ul "') "was discovered to the northward. Hauling up to close the l-ind we entered a strait on the 2Sth, in which, on the followin.^ dav 'two isle s were seen (Princes. Eoyal l«les, in Prince of Wn\^ SU^it) • on landing Hound a whalebout and dei,6t of provision., with a notice' t ,1. :17S I'l.VVS ()|- SKAIlC'ir I'OU 81U .lOlIN K'lANKMK. of Commander M'Cliiro'H, tlaU'd .lime lotli, jS5l. C'ontiimiufj; our course, wo rcarlii'd tlio iiortli «'ii(l at iiiidiiij;lit on the MOth, wlii'ii aiiotlior beacon was seen on the Houtli Hhore, wlicre simihir informa- tion to that deposited on the Princess Koyal IsH's was fonnd Mere, in lat. 7;}'' JW N., ami long. 1 1 1" -i')' W., oiu* |)ro;j;ress was barred by hirgt! liehls of ice, Icavinj; no coast water in wiiich a ship couhl navi- f;;ate, either to the eastward or westward." ('apt. Collinson now bejijan to thinii of wintec (piarters. ".After hmking in vain for n slieltered spot" in Prince of Wales' Strait, he says, *' J determined to avail myself of the remainder of the; season in searching for a win- tering-place on the west face of JJaring Land. Konnding Capo I']rebus with this intent on Sept. 3rd, wo found the coast trend to the north. After examining an inlel, which proved too shallow for our purpose, we reached a long, low point (Point Kellett), in lat. 71° 5;J' X., and long. 125° 10' ^,V., on which a cask containing information from the Jnvesligator, dated August 18th, 1S51, was found. . . Proceednig to the north, we found shallow water, having oidy live fathoms six miles from the shore. On the 7th, an islet (Terror Islet), lat. 72° of, long. 125° 12',* was fallen in with; the dose vicinity of the main jiack, and number of large Hoes between it and the shore, rtmdcn'ing it nearly im])racticable to turn to wind- ward among them, induced me to terminate our ])rogres8 for the season." Having deposited information, and a small (juantity of provisions, Capt. Collinson now returned south, "and eventually found a well-shelti'red spot ou I'rincc Albert Laud, near to tli>,' entrance of Prince of V/ales' Strait, in lat. 71° 35'N., long. 117° 39' W." They were now visited by the Esquimaux seen by Capt. M'Clure ; " Boats were detached to the north and south of" their "position, to erect marks, so as to guide any parties to the ships. In the hitter direction, a Sound sixty miles deep was discovered (Minto Inlet)." . . A notice, deposited by the Investigntor's ravelling party, was found on the South pohit (Cape AVollaston) of this Sound;" and they were frozen in ou Oct. 21, 1851. " Early in April, 1852, depots of provisions for the travelling parties were laid out. On the 12th the Southern Expedition (under Lieutenant Jago), left to explore the coast towards AVollaston Land, which was found to maintain a southerly direction until lat. 70° 38', when it assumed an easterly trend. lie eventually reached lat. 70° 38', and long. 112° IS' (pre- vious to which, on an islet, hit. 70° 32', long, 115° 25', a cylinder * Meek Point Islet, hit. 72° 11', long. 121' 10'. See "Geographical Tosilious. Jounial of the Eoyal Gcographieal Soeiety," vol. 25, 1855, p. 206. ^K "l CAI'T. COr.MNSON 8 DKSPATCIIKH. :{7{) itiiiuiu}; oiu' ;U)tli, wlu'ii lar inlorma- und llcri', la btiriTci by i coiilil iiiivi- jUiiiHOU now 1 vain for i\ L'ttM'niiued to ip; I'or a win- iiulinf:; Cano last tri'nd to tthallow for Kollftt), in k containing 1, 1S51, was lallow wator, n tlio 7th, an illon in with ; Hoes between turn to wind- gress for the 1 (juantity of d eventually near to th^. 117° 39' W." ipt. M'Clurc ; sir "position, In the latter Liuto Inlet)." ig party, was ■^ound;" and 18512, depots On the I'itli ?ft to explore to maintain a d an easterly 12^18' (pre- ')', a cylinder )hicul rositions. deposited l)y I he /iirrs/ii/d/n/n travelling party was fomul), where a parly of Ksijuimuux, about eighty, were nu-t with ; they proved not to l)e the same that had becMi seen in the autumn, but the two tribes had been toge*^^ticr during the wint(>r, as some of the pre?"nts were recognized; otherwiKe they sliowed no sign of having been in contact with Kuropeaus. The sound from here appeared to be twenty miles wide; its termination easterly was not seen. Lii'uteuant .lago re- turned after an absence of forty-nine days. . . The Northern Kvpeditiou, consisting of two sK'ighs (one uiuler my own, the other, the coiiimatid of Ijieuteuaiit I'arkes), left on the ItJth of the same mouth, proceeding through I'riru'e of Wales' Strait together until .May oth, when he was detached, with orders, to reach Melville Island, If possible, . . Avhile I proceeded along the north coast of IViuce Albert's Land, towards Cape Walker; eventually reaching lat. 72° 45', and long. 113° lO' ; here there is a deep bay or inlet (t'ollinson's Irdet). . I retiu'ued, and reached the ship on JuncMJih. . liieutenant J*arks, on the third day after leaving me, came upon hummocky ice, through which it was impossible to drag the sleigh ; leaving the tent and it behind, he set . Tlu'y wore sent to Woolwich for examimUion; tlie "Eeport" on them leads to the conclusion tliat tiie supposed iron eoiniectini^-rod is part of a boat's anchor, and (his is corroborated by Dr. Eao ; three small anchors (galvanized, as this i-od is) having been left by Sir J. Eichardson and himself on the coast near the Copper- nunc, 1818. Tiic suiii)o?ed part of a metal crutch is ])ronounced to be part of a " l)olt-nail," and "liavinj^ the broad arrow clearly defined," shows that it may liave formed jiart of the llnlius and Tcrruf. Sec "Further Papers relative to Aretie Expeditions, 185(5,'' p. 15. CAI'T, COM.INHON's l)i:rtl'ATl,'HE9. !IS1 Alltcrt, iiiid 111 llial llif tulil lie tlio )(i||)l)iu iiiul I'lMiiini' ^^iii^ \\{U'f to llu) > cnmpiirtrti.'ri, 'JlUli. . . niutiTing ill Mi liiul wi't'ii niiuiiiii'Uliuii 1)1' brass ami H'si' ai'i' two, xpeilitit)!!, I [Kii'tioii obtained the llrst intimation that any parlies had precedt>d n.s in the search ; and onr observations tended to eorroliorate his, vi/., that the ice, except in f.iinionliiu/i'i/ samniix, liars iiol frarr Ihr ciixl count of Victoria Litnil. We reached the ship on IMay Hist, after an absence of forty-nine days. In the conrse of a visit lo the Kinlayson Islands, and in a bay on the east side of the largest islet of the gronp, a fragment of a companion-hatchway, or door-frame, bearing unciiuivooal marlcs of having been tilted from Her jMaji'sty's stores, was found (a drawing i'nd deseription* is transmitted); it does not appear to liavi> formed part of a boat's fittings, otherwise it might be presuiiuMi to have belonged to \)v. Jiae's party, wIio.se boats crossed here from the continent; nor does the boatswcain of this ship, who served in the J'Jir/ms in the .\ntarctic l']\pedition, recogni/e it as a portion of the fittings of that vi'ssel." During .lidy, "in addition to game, a. plentiful sup])ly of s;il:iion (whereof 1.000 were cured for sea) was obtained." On August 10th, the Entcrjiri.w was enabled to put to sea ; the straits free of ice until abreast of the ombonchure of the Coppermine, where they were de- tained until the i2;h'd. They again came in with the ice olf Cape liathurst, which they passed on the JJlst. On September 5th they ])assed Herscbel Island. After encountering various obstacles from the ice, and being driven back to Kay P(niit, they reached flu,' western side of Camden Bay, where they became fixed for the winter, * Sec lUuc Book, "Further I'apera relative to recent Arctic i'xpcditioiis, IS.",')," facing p. Sti). This piece of wood, iifly-one inches long by tliree inclics and llirec- qunrtcrs broad, and tlirec-c[uartcr3 of an inch thick, was sent to Woolwicli for oxaniination and report. It seems to liavo formed part of a winter hood. Tlie EreliKs anil Terruv hud theirs not panelled, but made of three-(]uartcr incli board. All other searching vessels since have had thcir^s fraiiicd in paiuls ; it is, Ilicril'Dre, believed to have belonged to one of the former f^hips. See "Further fajiers, Arctic Kxi)edif ions, LSoC)," p 15. 'J'hesc, with the preceding metal articles, arc to be seen in the I'nitcd Service Institution. ( ! 11 ;( • ft M nsu I'l.ANS Of SKAlU'll roH SIK JOHN lUAMCMV. I:ii. 70" S' i\., |()i)|T. I I -,'"2!)' W.; (luriiip; which 1l\cy h.-id no visits from Ihc l'>s(|iiimiiiix : " Hiil llic winter passed iiwny," says ('ii|)t. Collinson, " more lively lh;ni nmiiy had hoped I'tr: iind ii very niihl January eontrihuted ^r(>ally to the gencM-nl health, which proved 8U|icrior to tlial. o\' the precedinj^' years." On April 'ialli, ("apt. I'ollinson, "with three slei;j;hs, hd'l: the ship, with the intention of pnshiiitr to the norlli in s(>arch of land or open water; the road, how- ever, proved so wry ronf;h, that, on the third day" he "had t») abandon liis ])ur])ose and return to the ship. . . In IMay" ho ''made an twcursion to the Jiomanzov .'uonntains, and reached a ridge l.G'OOi'eet above tiie sea, but a eontiiuiance ot" loggy weather . prevented," he says, ''my obtaining the extensive view I had enter- tained as the obji'ct of my tri|). . . In July a party of forty-one l']sipiimau.v visited the Entrrprinc ^'roiu the eastward. They had among them .^icveral buttons, stamped lSo2, and a notice, printed on board i\w Plover, July !•, LS');} ; " by which," says C'a])t. C'oUinson, " 1 learned, that at that date, the iin'rufii/afor had not been se(>n ; it was therefore probable she was shut np on the w(>st face of JJarini; Land, tln-oiighout the close sea>',)n of 1S512 ; and as we had found a nuich largiM" (piantity of ice about C'ap(> Matlnirst last season than in IS")!, it might so happen that slu> had not been liberated." Ca|)1. (\illinson now determined to open a comnumication with Commander INlaginre. in order to obtain provisions, that he nngl\t return again to Haring Land in the jiresent season; and Jjieut. Jago was despatched to Point Barrow on July lOth, but did not (open water not having occurred) arrive there until the 21th, when he was informed by the nativi's the Plover had sailed two days before. The I^iifrrnvisc was not ab'.e to get out of Camden liay until July 20th ; when they had anotln r visit from the Escpiinianx and a ])arty of Kat Indians ; the chief of the latter produced a ])aper. dated from Fort Yoiicon, Jun(> 27. 1 Sat, stating the Plover had passed the ])receding winter at Point Barrow. The Enterprixc reached Point l^arrow August Sth, and Port Clarence August 21st; where she "found the liattlmnah', and heart! that the Triitcomalee had sailed the same morning for A'ancouver Island, and that the Plover liad returiuul to Point Parrow on the lJ)th instant." Finding the Plover had sailed again for Point Barrow, (^ipt. Collin.^on immediately resolved to follow and recall liei-. Having made every necessary arrangement regarding the house, stores, &.C., at Port Clarence, he directed Connnander Trollope, with the linitlesnal'c, to proceed to San Francisco with despatches to the Ad- nuralty, giving information of the safe arrival of the Eiitcrprine, and IP hkmahkh. ;]s;i li!ul IK) visits ," SilVH (^1|)1. il !i very mild vliich provt'd I 251 li, Ciipt. ■ inlciilioii of ho road, liow- ho "li.'ul to 111 ]\liiy" ho acliod a ridge kvoatlior . . 1 had eiiii'r- • of fort y-ono I. Thoy had 0, printed on ])t. C\»liiii«on, been se(>n ; it ee of liariny, liad found a i\ason tlian in ited." Capt. > Commander turn ar not having; )ruied by the 'ii/crnn'sc was hen tliey liad Indians ; the L'oueon, Jun(> nter at Point ust Stli, and 'flrsiwkc, and or A"aneouvt>r A- on the lOlii oint Earrow, recall hcv. house, stores, pe, with the L's to the A il- lierpi'i.si', and sailed for the nortli to overtake the Pluvrr on Anrrust 22. 'I"he lialllcituak-r sailed the 2;{r(l. In r(>a(lin^' the narrative of this remarkable voya^'e of the Enlrr- prisr, whih> w.Mhvply r,>-ret that no traces should "have been found to unt.)ld the ,,ainful uncertainty han-i„jr over the fate of the s^allant men eniharked in the hWhi/s and Trrror, yet we cannot but coni- Miend the judicious resolve of Captain Colliuson.nfter he was shut out from the iu)rth, to examine and complel(! the search between J'rince Albert's Land and Wollaston Land. In adopting this course he remlered most important service, as thereby the soutliward or not. In short, it closed all hope in that direction, as it showed that unless they attempted a route overland, without boats, a movement scarcely likely, with the Dolphin and' Union Strait to the south of them, then; was no alternative but the adoption of the Prince of Wales" Strait; that is, assuming that the ships had penetrated so far west and south in I\lelville Sound as io make the Coppermine or the ]\lackeii/,ic the most eligible routes for escape to the Hudson's Pay Company's stations. Again, the daring resolution to att;em])t a passage in his ship by the little-known 1)„C phin and Union Strait and Dease's Strait to the soutli-c-ast extremity of Victoria l^and— a passage abounding with rocks and shoals, anil which no ship had ever attempted betbre, and this without the know- ledge and the cons(>(pient aid of 13r. Pae's discoveries— must phu-e Captain Collinson's name high up the list of our most eminent Arctic explorers. The merit, and we may add the wisdom, is further proved by the selection for his hazardous exploration of this very important line of coast; it laid iu the direct track from Cape AValker, and theretbre there was hope of success, and notwithstanding its dangers he saw the necessity for its examination, and did it. AVe have said there was hope in this direction : there was ; but the lands were as disjointed and unknown (with the exception of the scanty information dei-ived from Commander ]\l'Clure's notices) as when Sir John Pichardson saw AVollaston Land iu 182G,* and Deasc and Simpson discovered Victoria J^aud, lS;}S.t Captain Collinson was unfortunate. Jle was i)receded by jAI'Clure in the west, and by vhat indefatigable traveller. Dr. Jiae, in the * Sec " Franklin's Soooiul Jounioj-, rid Mackeiizio, 18L'5-f>." t See "Jounidl of Royal Geograpliiciil Society," vol. 1», part 2, ]>. 32.'). ! -.; i I i' :]84 PLAXS OF SKAlK'll KOU HI R JOHN rifAN'KrTH. cast ; .and it was only wlion lio liad darod the danc;or and done tlio work, I'spcviidly in the oast, that ho found liinisolf suporscded in tho liononr by aiioliiiT, who had u;oii(' hct'orc Iiini. Ilo discovciTd the -Xortii-Wcst l'assa, but completed it in his fi/iij) ne.wer than that f/nlhnit o(licer ; and ho inado, and Ihoreby prov(>d Iho cxistonco of tho Passage, onh/ ticenf// (lai/a after him. ijfiuidly unfortunato was ho in his woll-ooacoivcd dositjn of soarchinc: tl)o coasts frcMn iMinto JnU't to AVollaston and Yioiorir. Lands (Capo ("olborno). ^V'i1h tho oxooption of Albci't Sound, ho was nnknow- intj:ly procodcd by Dr. liao lu'arly to liis farthest eastern exlromo. All this was suHiciently niortityinj^, but eaiuiot, nor sliouhl it in tho least, abri(]!j;(> tho merit duo to Captain Collinson's persev(Tin<]jeirorts. I)ut tlioro is ono lionour wliich ho alone can elaiin ; thai is, tliat of boiu!!; the Jirst navi!:;ator who took a sliip of AiW tons tJirom/h, the nnr- roic Dolpliin and I'liion Strait and Dea.s-e's Strait, ice-streirnantf roe/,-// ax thei/ are, in i^afefi/ to Caiiihridi/e Ba;/ (105^ W.)) preserved his men ill (/nod lieiiilh throuf/h three winters, andfinaUij Jtroiifjlit them home in health and his ship in safeti/. This aUmo is a triumph, and will ever disiin^uish Captain Collinson as an ontorprisinij;, yet prudent, able, and skilful ooinmander. Surely such services deserve not oidy reward but disliuction. Captain Collinson obtained eonio interostiui; fraij;- monts in met:d at Cambridgo Hay, and one especially so, in wood, at the larger Fiidaysou Jslaud. Ao doubt those (from bearing tho Covorumont mark*) were relics of the unfortunate h'ranklin Expedi- tion ; but how did they reach the southern coast of Victoria Jiand ? Tho same remarks that we liavo made, in our cudeavoui-s to trace to tlu'ir source those fouiul in Parker Bay, 1S.')1, by Dr. Kao, and others subsequently obtained from the natives of Polly Pay by the same gen- tleman, apply to those. There is not a doubt they all came to the posi- tion where they wore found or obtained, through that strait which wo have proved exists between JNTelville Sound, by Osborn and AVyu- niatt's farthest, and Oatoshoad Island on to King AVilliam's Laud. These are further proofs, but Captain C'oUinson furnishes us with other, collateral, but to geogra])hors more convincing, evidence of tho existence of this strait, lie says in his narrative, ''On our n^turn (tVom (Jate-.head Jsland) to Victoria Laiul we traced its shon>s, which here assumed a wesferli/ direction, to lat. 70° 12' N., long. 102° W." Again, in another ])lace ho writes: " No lanil was to bo seen to tho northward, and the ice being impracticable for sleighs, we were com- * Soo foot-iiotfs to pp. ;580, ;}81. I nul (lono tlio 'S(m1c(I in tlio scovcird tlio ^tcd it in /lis ,111(1 tlioroby Hi aflrr him. of soarcliiiifx Jjaiuls (Capo ivas unkiiow- iMMi oxtivmo. mid it in iho ■(M'iiifT olVorts. it it!, tliat of oiu/lb the nor- 'H'li and rockii jrved Jii.s- men them home in and will ovtM* nnidont, able, t only reward nvstin^ iviy^- ), in wood, at bearing the dilin Expedi- 'toria Jiand 'i s to trace 1o iO, and otliers he same gen- ie to the posi- strait whioli rn and AVyn- lliani's Land, isihea ns with lidenee of the n onr return shores, Avhicli ng. 102° W." )e seen to the we were eoiti- IJKMAltKS. '.\>>r, polled to retnrn '* Again his narrative : " Our observations tended o eorroborato Ins (Dr. Kac-'s), viz., that the ice, except in exiraor- tmary seasons, does not leave ih. .-ast coast of Vidoria hand." Whether the flood comes fro.u Pc^Ts or M.^iville So.:nd, in nther ;X ! ' "TtT^if '•' "'"' "''' "orth-eastern p'-!' "^ ^^W^tion to fl fn ""' "'"^^' ^ '^'"'^ ^^^^^'^"^ ^^'^ P«"its reached by ^Y^■u. n.tt and Osborn."t We quite coincide with Captain Collins'on that pa t of a door-fm,ne may have come from one of the nnssing ^h.ps ; they may even have been abandoned near the magnetic pole- but we much question it. ^\-e have shown they could not get down leel s houzul and although we firndy bc>lieve in the existem-e o a strait from Me ville Sound between, the points reached by AV^ynnialt and Osborn, a'hick we hace heen the Jh-.t to demonstrate, sfiH L hiive ! f ' 7:'r'"^ "^ ^^"^""^ Geographical Soacty, 1855," vol. J5, p. 2l." tSec -Irococlaiga of the Ilojal Gcogvaphiral >Som-.y," Ao vi' n '>V> ■ --, Appond,^ to a l.,,,., o, ,,., probable Cour.> pu.-sucl by 8,.. JoUnF^u^k- • i nsfi IM-ANS Ol' Sl'.AKCII KOK Sin lOlIN I'KANKMX. not tlic temerity to asacrt it is iiavigiiblo. We tliiiik it inore prolta- ble tlic sliipa were abandoned ii\ IMclvillc Sound, but wbcflici- to tlic soulbward of 72° we have nothing positive to found an ()|)inioii ou. We tliink, they never reached that blaniv area extending we«t of Jioothia, and nortli and south between King AV^illiaui'a Land and Peel's Sound. If the ships liad readied tliis blank area, it must have been from the west. Tliey would, therefore, be at the northern entrance of Victoria Strait, and instead of passing they would have gone down it, as at a comparatively trilling distance the ground was known to Sir Jolni Franklin to have been explored, and oj)en to him to reacli the iVmericau coast. If near the magnetic i)(ile, we can only imagine tlie shij)3 to have been forced tliore, ami if afterwai'ds ubandoned, we should have looked for tbeir crews rather following tlie course of James lioss's Strait, and crossing the Istlnnns of Bootbia by its chain ot lakes to liegent's Inle«", and on to tbe certain stores of Furv JJeach, than in the direction of the west side of Kintr "William's Land on to Montreal Island, seeking the relief of that execrable stream, the precarious Ba^l.. Eiver. For these reasons we cannot belic\c the ships were wrecked or abandoned near the mag- netic pole, or even that they ever got down into the space to the north of King AV'illiam's Laud at all. The men may, but not the sliips. It will be seen that Captain Collinson twice attempted to reacli tbe supposed Polynia to the north of America, but was vmable to confirm its existence. Finally, tlu; results of this voyage wonld have proved, even though Dr. Ilae's distressing intelligence had not arrived, that Fraidvlin's sliips never passed ont to the westward from jNTelvilh"! Sound, and therefoi'e tiiat we mnst look to that sound for them ; and the drifted door-frame, in conjunction with tbe relics obtained by Dr. Eae in 1S51 and 1851, all point to the same (piarter from another directicm — all tell the same tale as to thescnn-ce whence they originated. AVe cannot conclude these notices of Captain Col- linson's remarkable voyage better than in his own words: "While we nuist all lament that the noble object on which we were sent was not attained, we have the answer of a good conscience on onr i)art that no means of allbrding aid to the missing ships was left untried, and that the search was continued to the uttermost our means atlbrded." December, 1851. — Subsequent intelligence was received from Cap- lin," by A. G. Fiiullay, F.K.G.S., read before the Ko>ai Geo^'ruphieal Society, 281 li Jaiiiiarv, ISofi, p. (i. more prob.'i- lu'tluM" 1(1 lllC 1 opinion on. dini; west of 'a Laud and it must have lu! nortlioru • wotdd have ? e reasons we lear the mag- space to tlic but not the attempted to .'.t was unable voyage would ence liad not •estward from liat sound for ith the relics same (|uarter source whence Captain Col- n-ds: "While vore sent was c on our part s left mitried, ;t our means red from Cap- cal Society, 28tli li'i;\iAi;K>:, Jh7 m f ol^son, o UM.S. Entrrpri.r, and (Jo.nn.ander Ma.uire of l^ ,i.l;andirom^/ar^ Kussiaii prize. «lio sailed IVom Sun FriiHMs,.f. •-rtl. v > .o- -■'•ivod in tl.e Down-s Sth Apnl, 1S5.-,. ' '' ^^"'""'"■''' ^''^' ^'"^' vise ?inain ^Ni *. i 388 PLANS OK SKAllCH TOR SIR JOHN TIIANKMN. what has boon dou(>, and tlio Buporhuinan efforts that have boon made by our sailors ow this coutimied and widely extended search to recover those who had been ordeix'd to a given s[)ot of limited area. It is not necessary to detail how that search has been made all around this spot -this confined area — but has been extended to it only in part, and then perhaps too late. We need not go into the results of the expeditions, unsatisfactory but Jiot without a meaning; negatively in some cases, but positively in others, pointing to this area, and show- ing the necessity for its co iiplete exploration. With all this valuablo material for forming a judgment before them, it would naturally bo concluded that nu'mory — weary of its wanderings, its disappoint- ments, and its abortive attempts — would revert to the object and in- tentions of the voyage, and that the primary spot would recur. It will be seen in the various opinions whicii we now give, opinions gathered not only from the scientific of the shore but also from Arctic autho- rities of the sea — we give them as we have heard them expressed, or have seen them written, in the course of our inquiry into the cause of our want of success, despite our unparalleled exertions. It were invidious to append names, but they are easy of reference, as aU have appeared before the public. In recording them, we have no motive beyond the wish to show the causes of our failure in the search for the unhappy Franklin and his luckless crews. We trust not to memory, but give tbe substance of a note containing them addressed to an active ofllc .r of one of our most distmguished societies at this period, 18oi : — " After what I heard I an less inclined than ever to bow to what is caWcd Arc/ ic (luthorify. The question has not been made one of thoiiglit : the remarks aie those of impulse only. Hence tlie contradictory views. Not one of the opinions expressed was the result of reasonable conclusion ; and if it were not a serious subject, one could laugh heartily at the absurdity of some of them. Franklin has been dragged in all directions ; now to the southward — now to the westward — then to the north-west, vid Wellington Channel. Up this channel, at a point — heaven knows where! — h^ abandons his sliips, which are driven to the eastward rcmnd the north of Greenland (making it an island), and then by Spitzbergen, down the coast of Greenland to the banks of Newfoundland, coming out in the 'two ships on an icebei'g,' seen by the Renovation. One Eminent ! takes him up AVellington Channel ; but instead of eastward, he says — hence, tcest of Melville Island (unconscious of the new discoveries of Kellett and his officers), and down the west side of Baring Island : n.nd yet a M'Clure has just examined that coast! One has placed 3 been made K to recover a. It is not around this )nly ill parli, 'sulta ot' tlie legatively in 1, and sliow- this valuable naturally be disappoint- bject and in- !cur. It will ons gathered Arctic autho- 3xpressed, or the cause of 13, It were e, aa all have re no motive earch for the fc to memory, rossed to an fc this period, Tr to bow to ■en made one Hence the ised was the Hous subject, n. Franklin -ard — now to :)hanuel. Up abandons his of Greenland the coast of ; in the ' two linent ! takes d, he says — discoveries of aring Island : ne has placed nKMARKS. 380 urn on the Asiatic coast ; another at the new Siberian Islands. One thinks Ironi thence he sailed northward to Nova Zen.bhi. Some have sough lum m Jones's Sound ; one from the west, another from liaf- Jm« Jay; another, again, iu S.nitk's Sound ; and an Arctic autho- nty because he found nothing hi an en.pty cairn, hence traces him be. ',' 7^ ^^■-•'1-f J'- --dered by the Es-iuimaux, run over by the bcigs of the middle ice, or lost on the west coast of Baflin's Jkv One looks to Cockburn Island, or down llegent's Inlet; another to 1 eel s bound ; some to the Great Fish Eiver ; many st-'M cling to a high northern lahtude ; but none, at this period, to the space Jero he wussent-Melvdle Sound. Amid such varied and conflicting opinions what becomes of one's faith ? whither turn ? on what rest ? '' Ou^ reply IS, See Section 5 of I^^-anklin's Instructions. Fix faith there, and follow It. lou have no other information to guide you. AH the rest are mere phautasma of tlie brain. The year lS.5-4 departs. Let It. It has not removed doubt. " The unfortunate fate of Sir John ^ranklu, and hs party . . is not set at rest." The IJref^us and 1 error niay yet be iu existence-yet unfold tlu^ir own tale. Tl,e Hon.es of England! " AVHmt sighs have been wafted after //... s/^U^s! What prayers offered up at the deserted fireside! How often has the mistress, the wife, the mother, pored over the daily news to catch some casual intelligence of these rovers of the deep ' How lias expectation darkened into anxiety-anxiety into dread-and dread into despair."* " Oil ! star-eycil Science, hast thou wanclorecl there, To waft us homo the message of despair ? "— Camphdl. * r<-rfe « The Voyage," Washington Imng. I"' f i '1^ :| ? ■ t< I :{!ii) ClIAPTEll XVI. CAI'T. COI.MNSi^N A I{ l!l V KS — SF.r.lM'T (( IM M ITTKi: nl- TltK llOl'Si: OT COMMONS ()\ lli:\V'AIM)S TO (.'AITS. RKFJ-KTI", (,'0 1, 1- 1 NSON, AND jrcLLia; — ukmaimcs — j)i'. kaxi; AitiirvKS — iiis vovaci;. IS.j.j.— jMkn's luindrt wove tdo much uccupioil tliis year to think of tlic lost S0113 ol" soieiioo in tliu i\ relic seas. England liad di'il'U'd into war. And Carnnjj;o and Siillc'rini^', ]i('cld('H^d. JNfay (!th, IS.j.j. — The Eiilcrpriftr, Capt. K. CoUinson, arrived in safety at Portsmouth after her extended search in th(> Arctic regions ; the particulars of which wc have idrt^idy given {iiiitc, p. ;}7()) : thus comidetiug the retui-n of all tho Jjrlti.sh ships sent in search of tho Franklin I'l.xpedltion. July 120th, 1S.">5. — A Select Counnittcc having been appointed by the House of t'ommoi\s, on the motion of ^Fr. 31ackinnon (.Tune 10th), to inijuire into the circunislances of tlu-. expedition to tho Arctic seas, commanded by Capt. M'Clure, v,ith a view to ascertain whether any and what reward may be due for the services rendered on that occasion, and furtlier, to examine into the claims of Capts. C'ollinson and Kellett, to ascertain whctluu* any and what reward may be due to them for services rendered on the occasion of that expedition, now gave in their ]\eport. It says, "The attempt to dis- cover aAvater communicatiim through the Arctic n-gions between tho Pacific ami Atlantic Oceans, is one which has (Migagt'd the attention of maritime nations, especially that of Clreat liritain, for a pin-iod now ext(>nding over i\\\w ctMituries. It has fallen to the lot of Capt. 31"Clnre. his ollicers and crew, to set at rest this question. They are un(l(nil)ti'dly the llrst who have passed by water from sea to sea, and have returned to this country a living evidence of the existence of a Xorth-AVest Passage. " The Kcport, then alluding to the "liewards ollered by Parliament for the discovery of the Xorth- A\'est Passaiie," vemar]rt,mird a livi,,, evidenco of the existence of tho l<^yc; st.il we much question whether he was the first to discover ecialh, when tJu.j see such authorities as Sir M. J Murc/ason, the lute Admiral Beaufort, the present active Ihjdro- ffrapi^r Capt. John m,sJnn;jton, Ca,,t. Collinson, ^'c-.,* advocatiuv tins ^ etauajor those who can urye uollmv, for tlicmsehesr In this opinion, then, we are not solitary. »ir .John l^ichardson, than whom no sounder Arctic authority exists, in the Tunes, June 2;3rd, Lsr,^ «ays: '• 1 he remnant of the crews of Trauklin's ships made thJ iassage m the spring of 18.-.U, precisely in the same sense as it was l.erIormedt ni October of the same year, over the ice, by the partv sent out from Prince of AVales' Strait by Capt. M-Clure." That' - the boats dragged by the foHy det.n-mined men whose bones are blanch- ■ng near the mouth of the Great Fish liiver proceeded from the sinps or Avrecks lyuig in a a-ater-wa;, continuous with the sea that >rasl,es the Continent . . /. proved In, the fra.,meuls of the ships' ftluHis that had drifted to the Fiulayson Islands', picked up by Capl. ll,*is'-''';lo"'^''^''"^ ""^ '^" ^'^''' ^'""""^'^"' "" ^^''^'^"^ J':M'oditioii.. iSuD," PI,. t W.C0V..VC1, not po.!;,nnocI. The pa«a,o wa. not maao, . ., por(bmed bv ^ apt. il Cluiv, umil iK'Uvivn Ai.nl and May, J!s52. i U!)'2 I'l.ANS OF HKAllCH I'OU HTll JOHN FIIAVKMN. Colli iisnn ; niul iilso lnj ti spur, lo ir/iirh f/ir sfiiiir orh/in ran >ioir lir iisrrihr(l,J'(nni(l hi/ Dr. Jiiic, in llic prrrioiiH i/ciir, in Ihr xmiir r/unnir/.'" Nil" iloliii llicii j^ivcs cxtraclH I'niiii a Ictlcr lu- n'ci'ivi'tl iVoiu Sir Juliii l''raiikliii in .laimary, IS 15, '• /f> s/ioir ilitit he piirpunrlif .wi(i//it an vnt ranee into the line of wa/rr that wanhen the nhores of the viainland (America)," niul adds, " Wlictlujr Franklin, after leaving Htrclioy Inland, carried his hIu|)s to tlie eastward or westward of Cape Walker, will |n>rlia|)s I)o nscerlained by Mr. .Anderson, now descendinj,' tlio (treat Fisli JMver, . . but no dispassionate reasoner ean ilonld that the priori fi/ of ilixcoveri/ restn with ihe JCre/ms and Terror, tin; fnresti/pitor beinji; at loaat six months later." Lady Kruidilin also clnims the precedence of discovery and performanco of the North- West I'assaj^o for h(M* f^allant husband and his associates. In a letter sent to Mr. Mackinnon* (.lulyGth, 1S.j5), chairman of this coiinnithv, she says : *' When It is remembered that these brave and unfortunate men, after years of inteuse privations and sulVcrinj;, were found dead of starvation upon a spot which they could not have reached without havinj^' fu'st solved that }j;e();i;raphical j)roblem which was the object and aim of all these painful ell'orts, and when it is r-.-mcmbered that they are beyond the reach of their country's rewards, yon will not, I think, refuse them the just acknowled<^ment that is duo to their memories. f . . Capt. IM'Clure . . is not tho less the discoverer of a North- West Fasunjje, because my husband had previously, though unknown to Capt. M'tUuro, discovered another and a more naviffable passaj^e." The fact of finding the drifting fragments of ship's fittings with the Government mark at Parker and Cambridge Bays, and on the larger Finlaysou Island, and also the important fact of there being a boat with the distressed party who are said to have perished at tho mouth of tho liack Eiver, all these go to prove the existence of con- tinuous water, extending towards the American coast ; it may e.vist on both sides, but we have shown the improbability of sucli a condi- tion east of Cape "Walker by Peel Sound, and in this we differ from the authorities wv. have quoted; they all think the ships, or a party, or parties, came down that sound, we cannot. The only other passage is Ballot's Strait, 'and it is narrow, doubtful and unlikely. AVe have * Si'o " I'nrlianiontary Paper, No. dOU, 1855. Ecport from Select Committee on Arctic Kxiieditions," p. 35. t Soo also a papor, " Des Derniers Expi'tlitions faitos i\ la Rcchorcl-.o dc Sir John Franklin i-t dc la Doconverto d'un Pai^sagc par Mer do I'Oci'an Allantique a rOcoan Pariliqno,"' lu a la .Seance de la Societe de Geographic de Paris, du 18 Janvier, 18r)(), \i,ir ]\I, de la Koqnclte. til nil nnir l>r < cliiiiiiicl." \ Sir Jitliu N(tl((/llt nil ; vKliilhind p(> WulUer, LMidiiiji; till' can donht Terror, tlu! iiuUlin uIho ilu' North- In II letter c'oiiiuiillee, imlbrtuiiiiio fouiul ili'iul iieil without i the object ubered that I will not, I luo to tlieir 10 diaeoverer iisly, though re navifj;able lip's iittings ays, and on there being ished at the encc of con- t may exist ucli a condi- diil'er from or a party, ;her passage AVe have cct Committee 1-e do Sir John ique h rOct'iin clu 18 Janvier, wm IIKMAIIKS. 393 nth, iSoO, and did !i()t perform or make it until Ai)ril 2Sth, iSol*, at which time he reached JMelvillo Island. As he could not be said to Iiave performed or made it until ho had reached that island, Ihc merit therefore ofaehierinr/ the great ohjeet of his voi/arie. the solution of the (/aestion oj' a Xorlli-lVe.st Passage, most iindoubtedlg belongs to Sir John Franklin and his gallant ojjiecrs and crews. As regards rewards, wo thiidc Caj)t. IM'Clure justly earned, and is entitled to, all the Ixmours and rewards he obtained ; but with respect to Captains Kellett and CoUinson, wo do not think their services have been sulllcicutly recognized. Wc have already alluded to the important assistance rendered by the former oflicer to Capt. jVI'Cluro, at a crisis when, from an insuiliciency of food, sickness and despon- dency had reduced them to a situation described as deplorable. Some few of the most hardy of his crew might have escaped with their lives, but there was little chance the remainder could ever have reached a place of succour. Cajjtain Kelh.'tt dragged them through all their difliculties, and restored them, under Providence, to health, happiness, and home ; besides which, this eflicieut officer had served for many years with great credit in the Arctic regions. With regard to Ca])t. Collinsou, he had the command of the e.vpedition to which the Investigator, Capt. IM'Clure, was attached, lie had been also three years in the ice ; and he, too, had discovered the Passage ; in- deed, had made it Avithin twenty days after that oflicer, and therefore Ave think should specially have been rewarded. Capt. Collinsou, in addition, seeing his second was ahead of him, selected other and important ground, hitherto unexplored, for his search; took his ship ', ' :i!)l i'i,\Ns or si:mici! roii sin .ioitn riiwuiis. i'f '■ I 1 1 H , IB ; j ' i An ■ ''IDH^' ■[ ii. aA. ,iA tlifoii^h iiilficair |),iss!iL,'t's, iiikI t'lirtlicr ciiHt. tlumiiny one hdnff lilm, w lii'i'i' slii|)'s kcil liail iicM'i- |i;i>si'il Itcroi'c; :iiiil liroiiylil her ;iiiil liis* fl'cw liiiiiir ill liciillli :iiii| sMlrtN.* I.iml^ iii'^, t lu'ii, (ii llid iiirritM of tlii'S(! two tlisliiiL;iii.-.linl olIIi'iT.s, wi' do li'i'l that llu'V liavi' not Ijrini HiiHiciciilly iic'kiiowlcdi^'i'd. 'i'lio scrvico upon wliich llicy luul Iji.'cri <'iiL,'!ii,'('(l was an arduous, a cliiviiiroiis, and a 'loMc one. W'licllur Wi- \it'\v it. ill tilt' sat'i'fd cause of liuinaiiily, or in llu- solution of tliu (Jrrat (Question iMMjucatlicd to us by our auft'stors, it di'iiiandfd tiio possession and e\ei'(nse of llie liiifjiest altaiiiiiieiits, iiiui'li careful tlioiii,dit, anxiety, and j;re;it jiersonal sacrillci-, and tlierefore slioiild liave had special honour and reward. Surely, Captains Keliett and Collinsou have fallen on evil days! Hut enoiiL;h. l''rankliii may have perished, lint it may he almost literally said, whatevc^r merit may he due to others, '• that it was his spirit thai ])ointed out the way . . by which the loiiLr-soiiLjht-for jirohlein has at leii!j;th been solvi-d, . . and that .".not her ray has been aJded to the niaritiino fj;lory of tlio Uritish l'Im|)ire." Ilan we been of the Cominittee, Hi'cinji; the niiii;Iiiy inllueiice it has exercised on the national iiiind, and the advanla^eoua results that have accrued out of Ibis |»nrely Uritish (luestioii, we should have I'ecominended three for the honour of l\niL,dith()oil insteatl of one, and C:iO,()(M) instead of the ])arsimoiiious C1(>,rvations we made when the ^/(/iv/wrc sailed, it will bo st-en we had no faith in the success of Ibis voyage as a search for I'ranklin (see j). 2n;j). We conceived it to be in a wroni;' direction; oj)])osed, in fact, to the jilau and In- * We ;uv iKippN to lir;ir tliMt tlir Gold ]\I('ilal of tlic Ixoysil (u'Ograiilik':il S^)(■i^'ly h.\> .'iiicf Ijcfii Jii-llv awMnii'il to ('aptaiii ('oiliiiMiii. ht'l'urt' liiiii, liiT and lii-f w merits (if AC not lu'Cll ,>y liiitl bt'cii WIu'IIk r wi! it-ioii of tlio 'iiiMiidi'd llio iiirli carcl'id rini'c sliould Ki'llctl and liii may liavo u'rit may l)t' ic way . . H(tlvi'(l, . . miL,ddy idvanlaijciaia (lU'slioM, wo houtl instead H). We am Ivoeates the iM' I'anU and 'dilions. In s uf Captain the safety of lSo5. 't\w been nnsuc- tlie extreme, v I'ar beyond lie sutrerint!;s n. JMay llie lU" Amerieau at may arise ons we made n tlie success ,\'e conci'ived [)lan and lii- rapliical Sorioly II I'M \l;'CiJ nm Ktrncliuns under wini'li he sailed in Is^*. We mi-hl. (herefore. |mss It as so much dariii.!,' uselessly exercised, so nnich sulleriiiL,' needlessly eiidund ; liul we eauiKif. \\,y I he same reasons we assii,Mied for com- iiienlim^'onSir Kduanl Helelier's K\[)editioii. We need not, enter on the (!,.|;iils of (hr pussM^re ii|) Miiilln's May, but uoiimieiico our uoticiM fr«»iii the time, Aiii,Mist 7th, isr)U, whrn. ohsiTves j)r. Kane, llio AJramr* "reached the headland of Sir Thomas Sinith'H Hound, and passed the hi;^diest point attained by our predecessor, Capl. hi'^le- '"■'''■ • • '*^'> liii" t>iir oliservationa accorded com|)leLely with tlu^ experience, of this <,'allaiit ollic^r iu IS.IJ. . . Wr had all the ai,t,Mis of n.ntinuous open walrr. . . As we ailvanced, u hv\\. of beavy stream ice was seen, an o\id,.nt |irecursor of drifts, and a litlle afu'rwanis, it iMrame e\id(iil, that t hi' channel to iho north- wai'il was o|)sti'iicted hy a driflinLT pack. . . We ^\ere still too far to the sontn to carry out tlie viinvs I had formed of (uir pin-- pnsed search; it. became my duty, therefore, to attempt the pene- tration of the ice." Ilavini,' selected an ap|)ropriaie inU'l, Dr. Kane ]daced ni nirhc a lifeboat and provisions; he afterwards lamhd on the JAltleton Islands of I nulcll,!,!, erected a lieacoii, and left li'tters of farewell, lie says : " .My lirst desi^^Mi was to force a pussa^'e to the north ; but. after reaclumr lal. 7S' 15', we foiuul the ice exteiulin^^ in a driftim,' mass,' completely across the clianmd ; this ice .gradually bore down upon upon us, and we were forced to seek the compara- tively open spaces of the (ireenlaiid coast, still we should lutrr hnn xirr/)f io Ihr i^ni'lh but for a lamllock.'d hay (Kei'm^e inlet), nniler whose cliils we found a temporary asylum. . . ()nthe]:Uh, feai'iiii,' the rapidly advancinj.,' cold mi'j^ht prevent our penetnitini,^ further, we war[)ed out into the (b-ift, and fastened to a L,'roundcd beri,^ Jlen; the coast trended to tli(> nortli-uortli-ejist, ]n-ecipitous cllU's from SUO to 1,L'()0 feet hii^h. . . The shore at the base of this wall was invested witli a permanent belt of ic(> from three to forty yards in width, with a mean sunnner thicl ; the attempt was i'ull of dant;- 'r. iSometimes the bi'iL,' was left aL:;round and on hei' beam ends fnjm recediu"' tides * ,Stv '■ Furtli.-i' I'iijins rrlativo to IJ.vcni Ai'flir I"\|H'lli(l.Ml^■, 1S."(!," p. "] ,1 scij.; :il.-ii), s, V 'Mdiinial ol'lln- lloyal Grugraiiliiral ,Socii'l\, IS.'A,;," yul. liC, p. ] ,-l ,ve,y. V] m IP B i' ^ I'i ■1 1 1 tH^HW' ' 'T Wk' !■ r 9V 'S> > fli III •■{ i: ■; > w i ffiii ' i ^HH 11 ■1 M ^^B ■ 390 PLANS OK SKAnClI FOB SIB JOHN FHANKMN. and twice alio was on fire in consoquonco. She lost bulwarks, quar- ter boat, au anchor, &c., but " reached lat. 78° 43' on August 'JOth, when he started to seek a spot eligible as a starting-point for future travel. In crossing a glacier" he was near "losing his party, and was linally compelled to abandon his sledge and proceed on foot ; " he succeeded in reaching "a projecting cape, from which, at an elevation of 1,100 feet," he says, " I conunanded a prospect of the ice to the north and west as high as lat. 80°. . . The entire surface was a frozen sea." Dr. Kane returned, and immediately began to organize parties to place depots for the spring. In selecting sites for these, more than 800 miles were passed over, and " the coast of Greenland was traced 125 miles to the north and east." On September 10th, the brig was frozen in ; he remarks, " As we were about to winter higher north than any previous expedition, and besides a probable excess of cold, were about to experience a longer deprivation of solar light, the ax'rangements for the interior were studied carefully. . . The mean annual tempi rature of Van llensselaer Harbour, their winter home, is lower than that of Melville Island, as recorded by Pai'ry, by 2°. In certain sheltered positions the process of freezing was luiintermitted for any consecutive twenty-four hours throughout the year. The lowest temperature was observed in February, when the mean of eight instruments indicated minus 70° Fahrenheit. The position of our observatory was lat. 78° 37' 0", long. 70° 40' 0'. During the winter " an anomalous form of spasmodic disease was encountered with difficulty ; . . probably induced," observes Dr. Kane, " by the lengthened cold and darkness. It extended to our dogs. . . Fifty-seven perished ; many with symptoms not ludikc those of hydrophobia. . . The loss of these animals interfered seriously with my original scheme of search. . . Now a new sys- tem of operations was to be established, with diffei'ent ap])luince3 ; new sledges built, &c. . . Our party was too small for an extended system of field operations by unassisted human labour, and the only remaining Iiope of coutiiuiing the search was to be found in a passage through or over the great ice-fields to the north, an efibrt the success of which was rendered very doubtful by the crowded bergs and dis- torted ice of this frozen area. With this object a party was sent, 18th March, to place provisions at ten days' journey from the brig. . . A heavy gale from th.e north-north-east broke on this party." The thermometer fell to 57° below zero. Four of the most valuable members "were frozen at the extremities," two of whom died. The latter part of April, Dr. Kane set out "to renew the attempt from arks, quar- igust 'JOth, t for future party, and 1 foot ; " he lu elevation e ice to the rtace waa a to organize i for these, ' Grecnhiud 3mber 10th, t to winter a probable iion of solar -fully. . _. 'hour, their ■ecorded by of freezing throughout ruary, when aheit. Tlio 70" 40' G'. disease was bserves Dr. ided to our not unlike 3 interfered a new sys- ap])liauce3 ; in extended nd the only n a passage the success 'gs and dia- y was sent, m the brig, this party." ost valuable died. The ;teuipt Iroui nil. KAXE. 397 a higlier point on the arcenland coast. . . This was followed by others. Tliese journies are thus summed np :— March, Mr. Hrooks and Dr. Kane ; April, May, Dr. Kane, IMessrs. M^Geary and Bon- sall; June, Dr. Hayes and William Godfrey; June, July, William IVrorton and ][ans Heindrick, the native hunter. . . The arrival of the Esquimaux in April enabled us (says Dr. Kane) to add four dogs to the three that remained, . . and thus to equip a slender team. . . The earlier journies of March, April, arid May proved incomparably more arduous and exposing than those performed with dogs, while their results were entirely disproportionate to the labour they cost us. . . Invariably the entire party, on its return, passed at once upon the sick list. . . Out of 3,000 miles of travel no less than 1,100 were made by dog sledgca. . . Setting out froju our winter quarters, three expeditions effected the passage of the bay. 1st. To the north, with Messrs. Geary and Bonsell, along the base of a great glacier, which issued from the coast of Greenland, lat. 70° 12'. 2nd. To the south-west, by Dr. Hayes and William Godfrey. 3i'd. To the north-west, and along the shores of a new channel, by W. Morton and the Esquimax hunter, Jiaus." Dr. Kane thus gives the summary of results : " Greenland reaches its farthest western point at Cape Alexander, about lat. 78° 10' N., and after passing lojig. 70=' W., extends nearly due east and west (E. 20^ N.) This northern face of Greenland is broken by two large bays, at the base of which are numerous islands, which, as you approach long. 65° W., assunu; the form of an archipelago. . . The aspect of the coast is imposing, abutting upon the water line in headlands from 800 to 1,100 ieet high. . . The further progress of our parties towards the Atlantic was arrested by a great glacier, which issued in lat. 75° 12' N., long. 01° 20' W., and ran directly north ; its escarpment, abutting upon the water, ])resents a perpendicular face from 300 to 500 feet in height." It was followed along its base, and traced into a new northern land, trending far to the west. This land Dr. Kane named Washington; the large bay, which separates it from the coast of Green- land and the glacier, bears the name of the liberal IMr. Peabody. The new territory adjoining Peabody [}ay was accurately delineated. " Its south-western cape is in lat. 80° 20' \., long. GG° 12' W. The cape was doubled, and the land to the north traced" to " tlie larLj(> indenta- tion named Constitution (Lafayette ?) Hay. Tlic wliolc of t Inn Uiir inLs' washed hi/ opeti water, extending in an ieeless channel to the nppo>iile shores on the west. This western land I have inscribed with the name of Ilenri/ Grinnell. The course of this channel, at its southern openinj, !i. j 1 1 p f^l 'li sit ;5;)s ri,\\ I (H si;\i;( II ini; sin miiN iitA \ k i.i\. irns IrdciiJ lit S,iii/l/\s Sonihl. The /rrsfcr/i cixisf (nf 11 nsf/ni'/fdii ) inis /ii/lnin i/. Ill s/i/'si ,/ri ,1/ (',ry//i//',///i';/.s', /ci ii ,,i/n;i' /in'f ,■/ 'MH^ Jrr/ (hrii- !h<,i. j>r( ><( rri ,!ii ll(i-i|n';ii':iiu'i' ul' :iii ii|n"ii mid icclcss si'Jl.'' \^\\ Kiiiic ^;,•lys . "Ill (■hiiiiiin"; I'lir il lliis cliarncl cr, I linvc iTi'crciicc only I0 llic Du'ls aclualK ol'scrNcd, williont snkiiii; (■(Miliniial ion or sii|)|mm'I iVoiii any dcdiuM i.'iis o^ I lii'ory . A iiioii;.'; siicl. I'acI s arc t lie roliowiii!^' : — "1. Il was approaclird by a. cliannrl (Mitin-ly iVcc from ice, lia\int:; a li-n;i!i 01' lit'l\-lwo, and a iiican widlli of lhii'ly-si\, ;;('oi;ra|)lncal null's. " 'J. rill' t'oasi ici' aloni; llu- w.ilci- liiii> of Iliis cliiiiinrl had liccii i'(i;ii|ilcl('l\ dt'sli'oycd In lliaw ami wairr action, wliilr an iinliroKrii lu'lt ol' solid iro, Vl'i iniirs in diaiii.tcr, cxti'iidi'd to the south. " W. \ ;;alo I'i'oiii Iho iiortli-tasl, (.f iiriy-rnuf hours' diiralion, lM-oii;;lit a heavy sen iVoiii that, (iiiarter, wilhoiil disi'losiii;;- any tliii't' or other iee. " I. P. irk iiiiubiis elouds mid uatei" sky imesled the iiort h-easteni hori/.oii. ' .-». I'rowils i.\i migratory birds wito observed tliroiii;in:j; its waters." Two isl.mids en the 1 hreshold of t Ids sea bear the names of iSir Joliii I'rankliii and his associate, l'apt,-uii I'ro/.ier. To t!ie north-west the eeast-; beeoine iiiouiit;iinoiis, rising in Iriinealeil cones, like the .Mii.t;- daleiia dill's iit' Spil /berucn. 'I'lic l;U'llies| distinctly sii;hted point was a tot'iy nionntain. beariiii;- N. .'»()' 1'].; ils l;itiliide, by estimation and in; iM'M'ci ion, S'J';;0; its loiiL'-llnde, as thus deleriiiined, wmhUI tUr W. (annro\iinat ive). |)r. !\ane sii^^esls Ibr it "tl le nmiie o'i the late Sir lldward Carry, who. as he has carried his name to the most norlluni !alilud(> \i't reached, should have in this, the hiiiiiest * SiMiii' i't'liu'~i' lii^'h imrlhcni l:ililiidcs .ii\' iikici'il tiHi i;ir nui'lli ; llicv iirc ."^aiil to h(' liu' iiu'Mii el'llio " ;n,ci ■,•/•! !'/( ,/ dt ad I'l I'li'iiiiiiiif iiinl o/i\i rrii'iiiii," n iiu'llioil I'lili ot' I iM'er ; wi- rainiol I'larc l'n)H' liiili'iH'udciicc lii^luT than so^' Id' N. inu'. Sco •' Ai'ith- I'lNi'loi-atuiii^ li\ Dr. kaiic, L'.."5.N.,'' \<. ;5SS, rii>itiiin LI. 'ilmi/iiii ) ;'v/.v t I'll/ ill rii- I III iirji srrj, ii/j'ts:;. •ikIi'Iht. 11. Im.1 Ii.v Wil- I llliilii;- llu^ I W illl W llll(> iri'Sciitcd ;ill i> sMvs , " In 1(1 lli(> Ihrls H-l iVoiu ;iiiy II ice, li!i\ iiiu; n'l l\;iil hccii m iiiibrokrii U)lll li. rs' (lur;il ion, ii<; ;iiiy (liiiX l()l'lll-t';isl(M'M lu-()ii,i;iii,!j; ilf) •s of ^^ir .lonii irlh-wcsl I he ilu- ilu> Mni,'- (ijj;lit('(l point. »v t'sliuKil inn uinrd, w^iiiU! t " llu' n;nni' < n;nnr to llit- s, the hi-hosl I ; 1 lirv Ml'C ^^nill '," 11 lurllmd full (I' N. (rue. S(v ■• nil. K \Ni;. IVM) '^""^^" ""••""•'•'I Imwi, ;i irco-nilioii of 1,1.; |„v.rniincnl posili,.,, •■""""- '^'■'■'i'" ''NplonTS. . . 'I'll,. r\trM,sinl| ..f |||,. ,.,„|.s| 1,, (|„. MniKh-wr.sl, w;is||H.u,,rknr|),.. I |;i_vnrs :in.l W illi:nii ( JodlVry, iv, ,(.•,., .,1 ■■""' ••<"'l'''iiH'.r' \,y \)v. Kmii... 11, ,.niu|.l(lcs III., surv.-v ..l" llic .■,,;,„(, nMlhr!is(';.|M'S;iI.i,„'.irCM|,|,nM l„,rl,.(lcl.I. . . A su'rinn;n-.v of t,l„; «>|"'nilions (.r iJir |,;ir(ics vill (•(Mn|)ivli..n(l," rciiiiirks Dr. K;mo, "I. 'I'lir .survey mid d(rlin;i(lon of I,!,,. ,i,,rtli (•o;i.sl of ( irr,,d;ni,l to il.s '••'•iiiinalion l.y a -r..;il, -lacier. 2. The survey of |,lus -/leiid mass '■ind its extension norl.liwurd into (lie ,u',n Inuil „f iru^lmn/lna. ;}. Thr ,/israrrn/ of a hnyr. c/itnnnl In Ihr nnrlh-irr.sl, )rrr fru,u in; had- in;/ lulu an opni and cqunidin;/ am,, n,>,all;, JWa. Thr ' ,rh,d,: r,jdn-arr., an irrlrsx am, of \rim ,„ilr,. {, The discovery an. I delineation of a hwirr lr;icl, of land, forinin^j the extension northward of the .American •■""linent. 5. The (-omplelo survey of !,lie Am,.riean n.ast, to t,he .snnlh and west, as far as (.,'ai,(> Sahin.-, thus .•onneelin- our survey with lh.« last, defermined p.isition of Captain In-I.liehl, and com- |)lrl in- (he circuit, of (he straits and hay heret.ofor.- known ai their Hout.hernmosfopenin- as Smith's Sound. The siimmrr, 1 sr, |, |,,n„-|il, with i(. fewd.an-es liearin- t.owanis Iho lihcratiun of Ih,. I'.ri- ; Tjic inelled snows did iiol, rini in the water channels until (he :!U|'h of .Inne, and our limited jlora showed a tardy and iiianspi,.ious season." On the IJthof J(dy Dr. Kan(> started for Deeohey Island "The (IcHininj; slatcM.f our resources," he says, " sn--este.l the attempt, ;dt.lih llakluyt Island. Winter came, and found them with their pln-sical ener-ies sensihly .h'clin.d, their resources diminished, .scant <'f iuel, ami their iood the ordinary mariiu^ stores (hv no means Huited (() repel scurvy). They now adopt.ul the hahits of llu- nalive.s, :ind or-anized hnntinn: par(ies, condiinin- tlieir own eii;,rls with' theirs for mutual support. With the dark months supplies hecamo «c'!inty--ilie o.xertions of tlieir liest hunters unavailing. Dr. Kaiu; attempted to reaeh the Es.|uimaux, hut fail..!, le.ss on account of the n)ld (minus 52^) than the ni--ediiess of tlui ice, (he extreme dark- lu'ss, and tlio renewal of tetanic diseases aiiionn- the do-s. The Ks(piimau.v fared wor.se; t:nnine, attended by fri-h(fu| f„,.„is oi diM-ase, reduced Ihem to the lowest sta-es ol" misery and emaciation. " Our own party (says Dr. Kane) was -radually disaliled." Frost bites .•md amputation (even to the sui-eon), '-.scurvy, uith vary in- plia.se.s, -ra(hially j)ervaded our comjiany, nidil Mi-. iJonsall and mvself only I; \i II loo iM.ws or sKMM'ii low sii: .Ahin i'Iiankmn. n'm.'iiiKMl !il)l(' lo .'itlcinl upon lli(> sick mmiI CMrry on llir «l:iily work ol' lln' slil|). . . I |>Mss riMin lliis |(i|)ic. . . Our nil iiiiiilc csc'iitr \V(i\il(l li,'i\(' IxM'ii li!i/,;inli'il. lull lor I lie |);iiiiriill_v riilorct'd roiiliiio w liicli llio inor(> (>xi>(>ri(Mii'('(l ;imoii;; us felt I lie iirccssil v of inllit'riiii; lo fij^orously umlcr Jill cin'MinslMiiccs. . Tlic l.-illci' cud of Miu'cli llic w.'ilrus :ii;!iiii luiidc" llicir ;i|i|)i'Mriiu('(>,"' :uid " \V(^ sli!ir(>d wilJi llic l"]s(|uini:iu\ Ilio i)i'iH'('(>ds of I lie Inml.. . . 'riic sun cinic hiick oti llic LMsl lM>|)ru;iry. lsr»r>." \)r. K.iuc now n>solv("d lo ;i,I);uw|om Ilic .Ith'diifi', " linviuii; JilrcMdv consuiucd lor lircwood licr u|)|)('i" s[).'U's, hulwiirks, (It'ck Hlioaliiiiit!;, sljuicliious, li.'ilclics, cxlr.'i liiuhcrs; in Ihfl, cvcrvlliiui^ lli;il could bo lisKcn willioul dcslroyiufj; licr Hcinvor- lliiucss." 'riH> slcd;;cs Icl'l heron llit> 17lli IMiiy, but. Dr. Kline's l.'iHt, visit to \\cr (lor provisions) was as laic its (li(> Slli June. \V(> do nol, detail till' vicissitudes in tlit^ relnvii of tins <;allaiit. band; of the kindly partiuij; conduct, of the l'iS(|uiniaii\ of Anoatok and I'itah; ol' their snbsct|ueut laiiijui^s, privations, and Hnllerin!j;s ; let, it, suHice I hey reached Ihc (ireenland coast, on the ',\\'{\ \ui!;uHt, and lT'p(>rna.vik on the (>tl., eighty-three days alYiM" leavin;}^ the Aihumrc, and after liaviui; travelled l.UOO miles. Il(>re and at (lodhaveii the Danes welcomed and lavished tlu> kindest attentions on them. /\t IJperna- vik a passaj;*' was obtained by Dr. Kane for himself j;nd onnv in lht» Danish bri^: Miwidniir, (^n)t;ioi /XmandstMi, to be land(>d at the Shet- land Isl.mds; but touchini; at Disco they were met by the vessels siMit oul by the I'.S. (iovi>rnment to their rescue^, under liientenant llarlstein. I'.S.N., and arrived at N*>w York, OciobiM- Ilth, 1S55. We cannot clos(< our niilices of Ibis (>\p(Hlition without nMuarkini; Ihe iMiiM'Liy. ability, and kindni>ss displayed tlu'o\it;houl this trvinu;, d;ini;t>rous scrvici> by Dr. Kane.* 11(> seems, too, to havi' bt'en W("ll sup]uirted by his olliccrs, and, with exci^ptions, by his men. The fervi>ur in favour of a i'olynia or I'olar Masin to tlu^ north, had abated, but his discovery o'i an ii'eK>ss channel openiiii;' to the north of SO' (Kennedy Channel), abomulini;; with birds, i^c, anil his valuable riMuarks thereon, must leave thecpiesiion still open to oirtluM' iinpiiry.f Thus eniled the second (Jrinnell K.vpedition in s(>arcii of th(> l-'ranklin Kxpedition. It was again unsuccessful ; but o\m's is the duty of yra- * W'c ijrii'vo to I'l'i'onl tlu- luviiiMlui'c ili>iUli nl' this omiiii'iil IrMvclk'i' ami luTdir An-tio explorer, l>i'. V.. K. Kiiiu-. llo iliiul at tlic liavaiiuah, wliilluT In- had ijoin' in soaivh ol" lioaltli, I'l'hniarx li'ith, ISoT. t !^iv "Arctic Kxploratioiis, 1.SJ3-51-55," hy V.. Kent Kaiio, M.J)., U.S.N., pp. l.'Si>— ;Uti>. KIIMAIIKM. ily \vorl\ of lllIC CMCMIM' I'll I'liiiliiK^ idlicrin^ In I of Miircli il wil.li ll\t' 111" l>M('ls oil liiimliiii lli(> )|)( do not lul ; of tlio .1 Ktah; of i il, Hull'icr ITpcrniivik , .'iiitl after Ihc Danes At Upcriia- crew ill tlio t llu> Slict- llio v(>sa(>lH liitMitc'iiiint h, 1S55. iTiniii'Uiiiijj lliis Irvinuf, I' lu'L'M well IIUMI. 'Plic li!i(l al»:it('(l, oi'tli of SO' lis valua1)l(! cr iiKiuirv.f \\v I'^raiiklin liity of gra- iM" ami lii'i'dii' r 111' hiul goiii' '., U.S.N., 1>1.. 101 "'II lo M.'lliW |;iii,| ""' ^" III'' i'iniciiil.r;:iHv ,,|' -■'•■"■'■ "'■ it-' 'Alovy li;i(l ^v.n^. »:il' .'^o,,,, |,,.|ss ;,u;i_v, uliilsl " WIS ,s(,il| |IhiIi"i;||| ||,,|(, All fiirllirr'sc'iirli \,y (I,,. ''''!''' -^'''' '''•'-' '''I '••''''•I'U||0U,II..,I, Is ..li. ,,,,,,. •'iiKl Inline.* ''''"• V'ii''lir.l ..iiLiiiMluiil, ii w,,,, |„| '""• l"^l. ^^I'lrn'ih;.- sons of sri,.,„v. Tlir ''•''"•» "•''^'•ii'v.l tlinn; Inil, l| lonVs o|' ""' ''■"iiiil'li:^ of s.Mc.MT .inlniv for ov.t ■■'I' i»y, »„.,, , '■""," ,"""'■ """'■■■■ '^-•■•. '>■■" »!■ I'i" ""I.I" "".'.il .r.. in tl,eir I, ;,i„„" peace uIwMvs, anil for i(s nun «,>l-,. I. , f i -i •,• ' """ """■i"'. A lover of "n, <■"_)' lilt, M() KOtWeCll two imtlDllS of L-inrlp,.!-] 1,1 1 i tunliy 01,0 n. liicir lan^ungo and litenUi.r., a,.,, wo,.:., Tt V "" -1.11. M,,,, 180... ..V A.lnnral Eoodu^'. Aiunv.Tsin- Addr,.., vol. ^>^l ,,. n!; ' • u> H):i h ' I HI (MIAI'TKII XVII. is,")!) — AM)i;i{SON AND SI'IIWAIM IIKMAIiKrt HAK AND Til K UH- WAIM) Sl'MMAIiV (It' (iriNIONS '1 II 1) ONI.V CONCM' S ION AS TO TIIKM - Oiri{ .SAII.OKS AlfCI'IC A rill Olf ITIKS OlK I'ltKSKNT oi'iMoNs AS ro TiiK coiitsi': or tiii; i.osr NAVUiAToits ahi; Tlir.UlO ANY srilVIVOKS? 1S'>(}. — AdAiN uiioIIhm' ycni- ('omiiiciiccd. Anxicly no 1oml;i'I" Inircd llu' losl^ OIK'S ill lli»> iiorlli. Tlio wiirlock's spell llijil. lioiiiid conjco lui'O ilicrc \v;is broUcii ; and coiiimoii sense, ailowcd more firedoiii, poiiiled to till' terrilili' revelations of the rejeeted, iiiisearelied soutii; but Coiijectuiv, though with sight restored, still wandered — she saw, but would not see. tTaiiuury 10th, 1850. — Letters were received at tlie y\diiiirall\ , through the lliidson's 15a\ ('oiii|»any, Irom .Mr. .lames Anderson, deiailing the ri'sull of the Kxpeditiou sent to llie mouth of the (Jreat Fish Kiver, \o investigate the truth of the .i'j.s(|niiiiau.\ report as to a parly saiil to have [lerished there, and t'roin whom wen; obtaiiu'd the relies of Sir John .l''raiikliirs K.\i)editiou brought home by Dr. Jiae.* Mr. Anderson's letter is datt-d Kort Resolution, ISept. J7tli, iSo'). It appears the expedition started from that fort .lime '22iid, and arrived at Sautlhill Hay, .luly llth. Tlu'y now crossed to the (jlreat Fish J{iver, and descended it. On the 2Ulli, at JNlackiidey Kivcr, the first Esquiiiiau.v were seen; here they found the want of an inter- preter. "They had," says J\lr. Anderson, "evidently seen whites, or had connnuuicatiou with others who had, . . as th(>y [)ossessed our daggers, i*ce., probably from those who resort to Churchill. Another party was seen at the Kapid between Lakes I'elly and ( Jarry, the menwere absent, and tlii' women and diildren lied. On the IU)tli, at the Kapids below Lake Franklin, tliri-e Escpiimaux lodges were seen on tin; oppt)site shore;" having "crossed over," they imme- diately perceived various articles belonging to ii boat ; such as tent- poles, ka) ack paddli's madi> out of ash oars. |)ieci's of mahogany, elm, iiak, and piiu> ; also, coj)per and sheet iron boilers, tin soup-tureens, * See " Fi.rtiior TapiTs Holativo to the lirrcnt Arctic Expeditions, &c., 185U,'' j)p. 21— -2i) ; iilso, " Joiirnnl of the Koyal Geogruphicul Society," vol. 2(i, p. 18 ; also, sec "Kojal Geographical Society's Journal," extracts from "Chief li'actor James Anderson's Arctic Joiiruu),commuuictttcil l>y Sir Joliu Kichardsoii," vol.27, p. 321. !i \ vi»i:iis((,\ \M) ,sri;\\ \ i;i'. IKI I) 'riii; iii;- <|ON AS TO ! i'I!i:si;n r TO lis AltK )n<;ei' 1 raced iiiul coiijcc- w I'lTcdom, I'lied soutli ; (d — she saw, Adiiiiraliy, s AiidcrKoii, ot'tllC (JlHill i'|)oi'i, ivs to ii ibtiiiiu'd llu" .y Dr. J{ac.* 'i7Ui, isr^'). I' 22iid, and to llic (jival, cy River, tlie of ail iiiler- vn whites, tir ley possessed ;o C'hiireiiill. ly aud (Sarry, Oil the ;u)tii, lodges wvw ' tliey iniine- sucli as leiit- iliogany, elm, soup-tureens, )iis, &.C., 1850,"' . 2G, 1). 18 ; also, •f Kut'tor Jiuni's "vol.ii7, p. 321. 1 "ves nl iMsln.MK.nts, . IrMrr-ui,. .lale.l |S|;{, n hrokri, saw, .insrls '^«-- /My one n,,,n was ;,(, ,1,.. lodgvs, Ind, Ihe w„n,en, wl,,, u.-r.; ^••^• in(..||,n,,,|, „.ad,. ns Nnd,.r.lan.i \n uords ;,nd m..„s ll,,.,r tl„,s.. "'"."'■''''^ •■•'"'"' '■'•'"" -'^ '"'■■"-""I ll.e while men hHon,!,,..^ (., if had .hrd ••• Hlanalu.n. W,-, hy showin^^ (hen. honk.s mm.I wriK,., n,UMTs ,,,- ; ■'^voun.d lo . .,..., .laii, if, hoy possessed any ,,a,HTs,oli;.nni to ;^ive ^■''r;" ""•"'■> "•' <'''<'^^ iMuehaduithnsro,.||K.,n; h„( linMnd, thru <'M'l«'n(ly uiuh-rstuod us, tli..y sai.l (hoy had none. They did nol .sen.ph.(oshouusallthei,.hid.ien(rea,sure.s. H.'sid^s ( he nun, I hnv were lhre,MV of the remains of our untor- iuiiato eouiitrymeu could bo discover, ,1." ()u tlu- 5th, .Mr Anderson "crossed to tlu> maiidand," aud a most minut., search was ma.le as hu- as the point of l':iliott Bay, and also to the n.u'thward. Point eehel was r,>aehed on tlu- Olh, and the whole coast between .Alont.val ■ «laud and l>oiiit l»echel was searched by a laud party. Jt was now delenniued to " search the peninsula on foot :" they - eiicampcd oppo- site Macouochie Island, . . the only vestige" found was a small piece ot codliue, and a strip of striped cotton about two inches Ion- and one broad, at j'oint Ogle. They then explored " JMacnocIiie Island, but nothing was found. It was impossible to cross to Point Jiichardson, the ice driving between it and lyiaconochie Island at a iearlul rate. . . It was now evident," says lAIr. Anderson, "that all that could bo done with our means had been accomj.lished and that with our trail craft any delay in returning would compromise the safety oi the whole party. It may be thought strange that the 2 D 2 i m . ^^ 104 I'LANS or Sl.AUCll lOli Sli: .lollS II!ANM.IN. rcmaina of so ]ar^{' a party cniild not l)o discovered. It is my opinion that a [)arly in a slai'\iii;^ <'nnilitioii wnnld haw flmsen a loif .v//-//, whero thoy could liave hauh'd tlieii" hoat up, and had some aholui" ; and if they porislied there, tliat their honc.-t have been hnin; since coverc'i. b^ ^and and gravel, foreetl up by the ice : any books or papers left open Avouhl be destroyed l>y the ])erpetnal winds and vain in I his quarter." Tliey connncncetl their return on the lOtli. Thus ended an o.\p(Hlitiou that liad been specially sent to relieve "tho earnest unxiety " of tho Admiralty, and which was desired to bo "fitted out iu the most effective maniu'r," and "on an a(U' ^uate scale, . . fur an exhaustive search on the fijwt.'" Tlie expedition starts minus au Interpreter, reaches tho spot, finds abuiulaut evidence of a party from tho Erchus and Terror having been there ; they find tlio liS(pn- maux, who l woukmi desirous to tell all they know ; it is said the Escpiinuiux even reported that tlio people to tho north of them, rrlio lutil srcn and visited the ships, sttileil they had t)oth lieen erushed by the ice;* but as they can coiiuiui- nicate only by sii^ns and a few words, always open to misinterpreta- tion, tliey of coiu'se can HhelU'i" ; oiii; yiuce or papers liu ill lliis 1\U8 ciulrd ic caiMiL'si lilted out , . foi' minurf ail jt' a piii'ty tlio Esqiii- dosinms to d tliut tlio liipx, slidcil 111 t'umnui- intcrpi't'tiv- devote ten of success ; frail craft," expedition, ! of our lost iae'a report liu Expedi- jubstauct.' of ', whence litis do this, the ; seem to us i far greater vc been ar- ctivc Arctic Eac himself but tlien lie t truthful of to Messrs. peditiou for ; report, that the present ; JVC tlifit our iOo ,J,'alIant f(.lloH-s, "having uaiuUMvd oii (he beach until worn out by latiLTUr and starvation, they one by one h.id themselves down and died.^"* <„. (Ik. ,vpo,'t of the Ks.p.jmaux woman, who said sho saw 'the last man ,he, tliat he ,ras fa>yc and .(ronff, and mt on the snnd,, hcach, liis head w^m^ on his han.ls ? " f Large and stron-- and yet die ot starvation! How is it we do not hear of these humaim J'^s.juimanx aiding our countrymen in their distress ? The ophiion that the bones have been covered by gravel or sand forced up by the •sea, IS more uuagiuation seeking to account in some way for tlmt which ,s unknown. Why did not tlu. s.nd cover tlie piece of cod- hnc and strip of cotton at Point Ogle? Men dving would crawl inland, and out of danger ; it cannot be suppose.! that they were unac yuan.ted w.th the action of ice on a low shore. Nome were said to Do buried, and yet no graves are found. As (o their books and papers, are these poor felhnvs to be su],posed to be so thoughtless as to leave their books and papers open and exj.osed to the rain and the blast? A\e think not; they were put rn cache. Then as to the boat; the "chips, shavings, and ends of plank," do not seem to us to have resul(;ed fn.m her having b.vn cu( np by the unskilful bands of the Esquimaux; we should .piestion whether they understood the use ot the plane; we sliould rather think them to result from our own men. m their attempt (not being carpc-nters) to rq,air or rebuild tlu.ir own boat. The ellbrts of those who are unus.d to edged tools arc always clumsy; again, wood is more precious tlian gold to the Esquimaux; they are therefore very mdikely to waste it by cuttino- ofl and leaving ends of plank. ]iellecting on all the circumstancer we are led to the belief that these poor fdlows w.'re surprised by' treachery while as yet their work was uutinished-perhaps when separated, and were compelled to succuml). Altogetlu-r, this expedition failed in the object for wliich it was mtcided. Jt loft the tale of the fate of these ."etreating forlorn men as inexplicable as ever. m- may ..hserve here, soon ai'ter the return of 3 Lessrs? Anderson and btowart, the Admiralty (June llJl!,, is.^o).^ having previuusly given notice in the Gazell, (.January 22nd, lSo(J) of their intentions adjudicated a reward of .tlO.UOU, under the third paragraph of ihj Admiralty proclamation of August 7lh, IS.W, to Dr. Eae and his companions for having "by virtue" of their elforts "succeedc^d iu * See tlio Times, Jiimiary 9tli, l.SnO. t St-e tlio Montreal Jlerahl, Decwiibor 2111i, ls55. X "iuirthLT rapor-s nlativo to llcccnt Arctic Expeditions, J.85G," p. 5K. •F • P 1 l()(! I'l.AN:'. or Sl'MMII IdU tillt JolIN IIIA \ K 1,1 V. nscrrlaiiiiiii^ tlic late of Sir .ioliii l'"i';nikliM'rt l']x])tMlili()ii." II" IIk' reward hail lici'ii adjud'^'cd lor past services, no ohjccl Idii could have been I'aised ; lur, ni'all A relic e\|iI(Pi'ers sent, in searcli of the l''raid e\[)edition, as a wlude, involved in as much inyst(>ry as evei-'r With <;reat reason was it asked, "Tlius lid't in iu[norance and dai-kness, with so little obtained, ami so much yet lo b'arn.caii it be said. and is it littinii; to pronuunce, that the fate of the expt dition is ascertained ? " f With the return of Messrs. Anderson and St (>wart ceased all elforts on tlH> part of (Jovernmeut for the recovery of the lost l''ranklin and bis companions. All the s(>archinf:; ships having been previously ■withdrawn oi- abandoned, the north was now left to its primitive soli- tude. The fall' of the missinii; navij^ators bad not been ascertained, but fui'ther search was now relin(|uished — relincpnsbed, too, at a time when accident had furnished theidue. so lonsj; soujj;ht, that was certain in its development to nnfold the whole mystery; yet, at such a tinu', wluMi the searcli slioidd have been, if possibli>, more persevei"im,dy prosecuted, it was abaniloned. What an nidia])py combination of ])ervorse ideas and mitoward eirenmstances have ruled a malii,Mi In- iliienee oxer ns since tlie Krclnis and Terror saili'd, freighted with lofty as]iirations, full of high hope, in ISlG! ]t will have 1)(Hmi observed, wi' all along. es])ecially since iS.'t), have (|nesti()ned whetlu'r the dinn'tion given to the search was the right one. Xever bixving had an\ thing to guide us to the lost ones but tlio f * "Fiirtlirr Vi\\w9. relutivo to luwiil Arctic Expeditions!, 1850," p. GO. t Ihi(f.., "L;ulv rriinklin'.s Letter," ])]>. ."S — 015. Some of tlio elaiiiis put in for ♦ lie I'cwnrd nrc curious, otlicrs most atidii'tl. For some ol' the objections to ]3i'. "Rae re.vivinjj; it, ^ce "The Great Arctic IFysterv," "Arctic Eewards and tlieir (■iaiiiinut-'," " An Ivinie^t Apjical in behalfurilie M is>infr Arctic I'^xpedition," ,V.c. .1 !t liEMAUKS. 407 " II'IIm- ould liiivf • I'mnUlin tiiU'iit, his as, loo. l\v I'lisod tint cr l-clicvc, •aiildiii and Mild ii^ain niL;iit. Iiavc lid, and ail llicr, liavc liapslra^ir icr cxiicdi- iicccssai'y.* II lis IIIIK'U luis li't'l ill iiicli yt 1 in I'atr ot'tlu^ d all (dlbrts ranklin and piTvionsly iiiiitiv(> soli- asoei'taiiK'd, o, at a time was ('(M'tain such a tiuu", i>rsi'V(>rin^ly ibination ol' a niali^m iii- igliti'd witli 1 S50, liavo as tlio riiflii ones biit till.' p. GO. liius put in for lections to Dr. nrils mul llicir xpoditiou," .Vf. l*lan and Inslniolions wliirli wore to p;ovorn OiPin, wIkmi wo saw tlicHO were likely 1o be departed tVoin, we liad little hope our inissinjj; eomitryinen would be rescued, unless they should, by ^'ood tbrtiine, be enabled to reseiie tlicmselves. I''roiii what soiiree this obliijuity (jf tliou^dit arose that should havi; induced siudi a departure IVom coiniuou sense, and which has led probably to such diretul results, has been the object of these pa<};es to inquire. 'I'lu inipiiry has been a somewhat tedious one, in coiiKccpicuce of the numerous documents it has been loiind necessary t,o consult ; but we may say her(>, only those have be(>ii ooiisiilted whose aiilliority is uiupiestioiiable, as will b(> seen by the references. It tnay be thoiit,dit we have lie.'u [)r(di\ ; but as no just coiKdiisioii could be arrived at without f^iving the entire substance and spirit of all the orij^inal plans and opinions, we have considereil it better to be deemed a little so, rather than throw ourselves oi)en to the char^'c of makin<; only partial extracts. i\gain, it may be said, whether Franldiu and his companions have been sought in the right direction or not, of what avail now, the in(/H'n'i/ is usclcsti, hrcnitno loo late ? Niich a conclusion is questionable ; there are those who still cling to the belief that some of our gallaiit countrymen may yet be alive ; at any rate, the fact to the contrary has not been established ; and until it is, no iii([uirycan be d»>emed useless that has for its object to excite to renewed exertion, to s(>t at rest so important a point. The lives of V.^'^ British sailors, s(;nt on a perilous public service, in which the nation's honour, interest, and feeling was invested, should not, must not, be lightly dIs[)osed of. "We shall now give the result of our impiiry, which we think will show that, so far from liaviug sought our long-lost countrymen in the right direction, we have, without a iiarticle of information to induce the chau're, chan<'ed from the right, and sought them altogether in a wrong one; and the question, so often put, lias all been done that can be done? still remains in the negative. We have already given the original Plan of the A'oyage (pp. 21 and 35), and the instructions (pp. liO and 37) founded on that Plan, by which (Sir dohn l''ranklln Avas to be guided. AV^e have even ])re- suined to touch on the anteceiUmts of that great and good man, but only to show how ])re-emiiienlly he possessed the qnalilications of a connnander; that he, of all men, was the least likely "to treat his orders witli levity;" and that, come what might, he " would act up to the letter of his Jnstructions." A\'e have cpuited largely from the various plans and opinions, both ollicial and private, and have given u running commentary tipon most oi lluiu. to show their bearing; iu 408 vi.ANH or sr, Micir r(»it sin imhn riiwKi.iv. i i: whicOi will !)(' seen tin- Iims'ih ii|i(iii wliicli \\c liiivc toniicd (iiir (»(tiiiititl. From tlicsc we sliiili now (Iniw a ;:;(Micral coiicliisioii. We sluill not. stiiy 1o I'l'iiiiirk iipou the itlc.is prcviilciit wiicii I'Viiiikliii sailed, ro^anliii;^' llu- I'olMiia of Wraiiijcll and its i-xlrnsion to llic iiortji of tli(! I'arry Jslaiuls, of (lie Hiipposcsd i-asiiirss with wliich the Arctic Hcas iiiii,dit In- na\ iLratcil, "('vt ii unto ihv I'olc," and of \\\v consc- ([iK lit ioosi' ai-raiii^'cinints for di'pots, Sic, for tlio dliips to fall back upon : nor sliall wo dwell on tlie delay in sendiii<; forth the tirst^ Bi-archiiii; cvpedilion, i-xci-pt to n'liiar'c that wo think it oiiL;lit to liavi' been despatched in 1S17, — bill fjfo at onco to our object. It will I«' reiiieiiihered that the llrst si-rics of opinions (pj). ol — (5'J) arose out of letters addressed by the late Sir John Koss to the Admi- ralty I'arly in the ye;ir lst7, and it will be seen, by reference to them, that the majority of those o[)iuious take the direction of tlu' ori!j;inal I'laii and lust ructions yiven to Sir John Franklin on bis Bailiii:^ — r.arrow's Sii-ail, t'a|)o Walker, and the sonth-west ; W'ol- lastoii anil Hanks' Jiands, and the north coasts of America, with its islaiuls. are the nriiu'Ipal [toinls recommended. All thcur arr ivilhiu the )'(tii(jc of j)foli(tl)iHli/ (liid oj' reason, aiid no fav pood ; hid llicri- in OIK' opinion lli((tJ'roiii thcjirsl Jkih nslonishcd us, as having a tendency to distract from f/ic fi'ita dircvlioii of ncarc/t. Tliix opinion, dues not fi'i'ii (iVddc lo lilt' I'lifu and liisti'iii'lioHS, bat convcnl rotes attention u'liolli/ I'/ion t/io north, the sen of H'ranr/ell — the l^ohir kiea. Fronk- lin^s intentions are mentioned, and as points of senreh, " the irhola rantj/o of const, from MelriJ/e Island in the irest to the f/reat soinid at the head of JJaJ/in's Jiuji in the east ;" tint not one word if llie spare- to which he iras sent. Thus early to ignore the direction ami object of the voyage, if not meant, was certainly injudicious, as it led the world to think that, no soonei" in '•blue water," but [■''ranklin would throw his Instructions to the winds, and attempt the Passage by the north-wt st instead of the sonth-west. Thus waa planted the germs of future I'lToi', and an impression created, unjust and opposed to the real sentiments and opinions (sec p. 23) of Sir John Franklin. And yet '■ him Science ta\ight." Injudicious as this opinion was, it was pronuilgated by the Admiralty to the whalers, ttc, and in conse- quence, it exteiuled itself. A'arious other opinions follow; one, a sound Arclie authority, recommends the despatch of a vessel at once (lHl-7) to Cape Walker, ^' as important information is likehj totn' foand thrrey but would extend the search to Mack's Itiver: this we think, thus early, loo I'ar east. This ojiinion of ours is corroborated by another (Miiineut authority. AVe see one emphaticalli/ discoarai/cs ' ^l Alicric ArTllrtlMTII'H. •lOi) oplllKill. ■(liall ii"t II Mililrd, iiortli ot' ic Airlif IC CDllHC!- tllll 1)!H-U the Wvf^i ()tii;lit tc bjlTt. U .'51— C.'J) tlie Ailiiii- fl'l'l'lU'l' to 'mil t)t' tlu> liii (in liis t«>*t; \V't.' bv tlie u' j:;onus of jos^od to tlie Uliii. And was, it was I ill conso- jUow ; one, a vessel at Jikelji to lie vv: this \v one loioiriiiil ^^ iiiln ir/mf iHj/ien!- tirs if inii/lil lemiy We Iniee lheii,i( jilim tiu'iit/etf Ay seleiiee more llian III/ rensoii of the seereli. It rccdiiiMU'Mds tlie western " eoosf q/' lioolliin even to ('upe ..\'ieoIiii." 'i'lie south-west is hut li'^dilly touehed on, but IJanks' Land on both sides is specially nnted. 'I'lu* seareh on the easleiMi side we can uiiderslaud, as bein<» within "///<* */)fltv'," HO often alluiled to at tiiis time, " /// ir//ie/i tlie sliipn nnri/ have fjfieoiiie involveil" (Melville Sound), l)ut why tlie western/ Surel) it is preinalure to suiniose tliu ships to have jjjom? north-about yet, or is eonjecture already beeotuiu'^' lli^lily ? Still the proiiiisiuij; W'olhis- ton and Victoria liands are nolieed. and reason seems to fj^uide. fn this pliiii extremes meet ; lun/e irestiiii/ iniil no I'-estinr/ is nssunied. Tiieii follows a plan by Hehriniii's Strait, to k(>ep up eommunieatiou alont,' the Ameriean coast to tlu; ."Maekeuzie. Thus fai' 1SI7. Wo have bi'eii particular to not(> the u;eiieral ln'ariiiL? of these opinions : it will be seen, litrt/e soiitli-irestii.'/ is iissiii,ie noticed in IS 17. are now a!i;aiu sjiokeu oi", but have HO wi'iL>lit, as Sir Johu Kicliardson and \)v. Kai' arc sent (^^arcll) to examine the coasts between the .Mackcu/ie and Coppermino Jtivers, tl;e western and southern shores of \V(dlaston liand, and the passai^cs between Wollaston. Banks', and N'ictoi-ia Lands ; and Sii- dames Jtoss sailed with orders to ser.rch ]/ancasti'r Sound, JJarrow's Strait, (\ipes (.'larence and Walker, and tlu' intervals b(>tweeii, and "the iceslern coasts of iJoothia, even to Cupe Aieulai.'" I'anks' r,aiid ih ' *, \, i , : hi r I * ii. 410 ri,.v>-s o- sR.vncn kou sru .loiix i liAXKrjv. to bo roachetl, nud botli ila sides oxaiiiincd, llic party by tbe oastcrii to make for the ('opperiiiiuc, and assist Sir John liicliardson in searching the slioros of Victoria and Wollaston Lands, i.nd tlie western one to reach Capes IJathurst or Parry. Exccpling the latter and Cape uVicohii, as i/ct all senium to pruinise irell, and the yeneral opinion pre- vails that the direction of Franklin s Instructions is the true one, and on this conviction the expeditions by lanu and sea are despatched; still the north is (jainint/ injlucnce, and yet Cape Walker, the jn'ifunr'/ 2)oin' to vliich the missing Expedition was sent, has not been reached, and no one can say what important secrets it may reveal. 181i), January. — A new series of opinions arose out of the necessity for supporting Sir James Koss's Expedition. The H'cHint/ton Chan- nel, liathurst Inlet, and other northern 2^fissngcs ; the sounds at the head of liajjin's Bai/ ; the Arctic Circle ; Asia — all are mentioned : the Instrnctions and the south-west route arc named, and Eegent's Inlet, but only in passing. 2'he mania /, favour of the north is increasinr/, alfhour/h 'he question stands irhollji as it did when Franlclin sailed in 18 15. AVhenee this change ? Imperative orders wer<' now given (per North Star) for the search of " AVellington Channel and its neighboiu'hood." on Franklin's declared intentions "not to desist until he had tried ail the channels," Other propositions were made; to cross the American continent from llotham Inlet to the Colville, or from IMount ElisiS to the INFackenzie, and rewai'ds olVered to call attention to the " Gulf of Boothia, Regent's Inlet, the inlets or channels lending out of Barrow's Strait, or the sea beyond, north- ward or sonthwaril ;" and also a plan for exploring Jones's and Smith's Sounds. The plans jar search are now evidentli/ runninr/ wild. July, news arrived from Sir John Richardson : he had unsuccessfidly searched the coasts between the iNfackenzie and Cop])ermir.e Rivers. This proved that Franklin had not reached that coast, hut no more. Dr. liae was to persist in the direction of Wollaston and Victoria Lands. Tlie Estjuimaux sketch of four ships seen in the ice was now reporl(>d. NoviMuber, Sir James Ross unexpectedly returned. He had rp^nc south toirards Cttpe Sicolai. instead of west tour/rds Cape Jf 'alker, had reached hit. 72^ liS', (uid u-ns unsucces. l*arry Islands were now suggested for seareli, l)eeaiiso " some thought the ships may have penetrated westward in ii high latitude." Soon at'ler, an expedition was proposed to Beli- ring's Strait. It was argueil, that if the Expedition liad been arrested about Cape Walker, or one of the northern cliain of islands, or south- Avard of Hanks' Land, they would have connnuniciited with North Somerset, Barrow's Strait, or the coast of America, or, failing, have returned with the intention of i)assing up Wellington Channel (?), and left notices in Barrow's Strait. No notices haviug been disco- vered, a general conclusion is drawn tliat they are " locked in the I archipelago to tlie westward of .M chille Sound." The opinions elicited on tliis ])roposition ari' very various ; they range between the western shores of the Parry Group, in a high latitude, and the south-west of Haido' Land. Coujecture is admitted, but still two sound authori- ties cling to Melville Soiuid. One has no faith in the Wellingtou Channel; and one, still prophetic, stdl refers to the south-east drift, and the ships heimj invoiced in it. All look tccstward, and the majority by the soutli. Tlio north is referred to, but indistinctly. Ivctreating parties from the missing ships were now expected to be lieard of, vie the IMackeuzie Kiver, or Cape Clarence and Fury Beach. 1S5(.). — .Vn expedition, the result of the foregoing opinions, sailed luuler Capl. Collinson, to search the western coasts of WoUaston and Banivs' Lands and Melville Island. In the search of the latter the prin- ciple is reeosted by the ."Mackenzie, the Co[)j)ermine, and the (ireat Fish Kivers, to winter on the Polar shores, and tlien one party to go to the north, another to tlie noiili-nortli-easl, and a third to tiie north- north-west ; and so plans ])0uri>d in. in endless variety, many good as to direction, but impracticable— others only too absurd and distract- ing. Now came the talented llylrograplier, and jiroposeil an evpedi- liou by Harrow's Strait. " All attempts have been too long deleri-ed,"' t I ij; 'it •Jlii 1M,.VN8 Ol' SK.VItCll I'OK SIR JOHN rUWKLiy. Ill' said; :)ii(l now caiiio also tlu< wlialini^ captains, capital sailors and jjfood iiTinaslcrs. Ijiil- nut always sound in theii reasoninjjj, still aclivc, enthusiastic, "gallant fellows. One sngu;e8t8 Jones's 8onnd and Wel- linijton t'lianuel ; one rs. The ps hctirccn ith his Jn- ' and ablo [slaud and flio' (lirec- he JtDilruc- ':est is still 1 favour of w nothing, from Capo the north ditiou, and ilians now ■' convicted rctic coast, Inlot, I'ic. iwards tlie ^('d, that wo a two divi- >ir Thomas 'ury Strait, rait, " ovi'r ', Simpson's Committee :ist to Cape the south- the author lirrr/cii, tiinl M'vice." it search has Uaeioiis aivd AIKTTC AVTUOIMTIKS. 113 impracticable views were entertained in 1S50. The sonth-westeru searcli is altogi'ther at a diseoiinl. Lieiil. (now Capt.) Pnllen arrived at the Maciveii/.ie, hasiiig searched the American coast-line from Wain\vi'iu;ht lidet. It was now resolved to send two (Government e.\|)(Hlili()ii,i to Barrow's .Strait — one under the command of Capt. (now .Admiral) Austin, the other connnanded by Mr. W. I'enny, an euernt of both. This Avas seen by the conunanders, and they wisely divided the duty. Capt. Austin took the Avestern and southern search, and ]\Ir. Vn\\\\ the northern. A subscription ex])edition under Sir John Koss sailed about the same time tor Jiarrow's iStrait, to exaun'ne the headlands to the west of Ca[)o Jlo- tham, and, if necessary, JBanks' Land. Also, a private expedition (liady Tranklin's) uuiler Commander Forsyth, E.X., to search the W(!stern coast of Eegeut Inlet, and the western coast of JJoothia, to James Koss's Strait and Simpson's Strait. Another was also S(;nt to aid in the search by our generous kinsmen of America, under Lieut. J)e JIaven, U.S.N. ; their attention was directed to Wellington Channel and Cape Walker, and to be governed by circinnstances. Our feeling at this time was, that the route which Franklin was directed to pursue in IS 15 was now mule sccondar;/ 1o Ihc IVrllintjIon Channel route and the north. It is true Cape Walker is still specially named, but we feared failure in conscqucice of the exti^nsiou and iniporfance attached to the northern seareh. In September caiue the tragical tale of the base Adam Beck, of the loss of two ships in the ice, and the murder of their crews by the natives. It was pronounced a fabrica- tion ; still for a time it had its influence. Lady Franklin's vessel, under Commandei- Forsyth (October), returiu'd unsuccessful ; she brought the intelligence of the discovery of the first traces of the Franklin Expedition, that it had wintered at Jieechey Island, 1815-U. Jiy this discovery all the rumours of disaster and loss in JJallin's Bay were set at irst. Our views at this i)eriod an; shown in our paper (pp. l(Jl-7) ; its object was to call hack attention to Franklin'.^ In- at met ions, and to a/iuiv the iinpfobabilitii of the il'cllinjton Channel 411 TI.AXS or SI'.AKCII »"()ll SIK IlllIV IliA \ K 1. 1 V. i 14 \ ii'i roulc. It should be reinoinberod, Ciqw Wdlk-er liad nut even }jel hccii reached. 18'j1. — 2n()\v (.'aiiK' ;i |ilaii U) ( \;\iiiiiii' all Uil' lionls in liarrow'.s Straits, and lJai)ks' Land, bctwccMi 80' and IJtV \V. News, alsi*, from tlio l}i'h ring's .Si rait ships arrived, oi' various ruiiiours of ships seen, and boats' crews niiirdei'ed, at tlu' Ivo-pak ; also, iidbrniation that Behring's Strait on to Point Harrow had been examined without success; and that C'apts. Collinson and 31'C'lure had arrived, ISoO, and sailed for the north for Melville Island, etc. The latter suc- ceeded, the former was forced to return. IS.jl came; Lady Tranklin au;aiu sent the Friiice Albert, now under I\lr. Kennedy and Lieut. Jjellot, to renew the search of Itegciit's Inlet and JJoothia, imsuc- cessful last year. Lieut. PuUen, having been miable to reach Capo Bathurst, now writes his opinion that Franklin '' /idled at Cape Wdlker, and pushed tliroiii/h H'elliiiijlou Ch(innel,and that he innhiit itj) hetwee/t JUe/rille Inland and Point Barrow,''^ and yet oilers no facts iu ])roof. There are none to ojfer. Capt. Austin and jNlr. AV". Penny returned (September) unexpectedly from Barrow's Strait. All the vessels had been unsuccessful ; the AV^elliugton Cha.nnel had been explored ; antl a new sea discovered to the north by Mr. Penny, but had yielded no sign of the lost Expedition. Capt. Austin's parties had searched the southern coasts of the Parry Islands and ^Melville Island, and at last Cape AValker (six years after Prauklin's departure) had been visited, and the coast examined east of it down to lat. 72=' 19' N., and west to lat. Tr IS' N., and long. 103° 25' W. Finding no traces of Franldin, the extraordinary conclusion was come to, that " Sir tiohu Franklin did not prosecute the suhjcct of his mission sonlliward and icestn-ard of Wellinr/fon Channel. Jfter this, all search in the line of Franklin's Instructions, /. e., to the south-west of Cape AValkei-, " was considered wholly unnecessary," and was abandoned ; and the missing Expedition, ■if in that (quarter, was left to its fate. A\'e never could understand by what train of reasoning this sweeping conclusion was arrived at. The same conclusion, from the absence of traces, might have been drawn of AVellington Channel, but it was not. A\^as there no latent feiding, science, or prejudice for continuing the search iu the latter direction, and abandoning it iu the former? It coidd not have arisen from any new clue or informiilion gained, for we had obtaiued none. It could not be from what was known of AVellington Channel, nor from misconception of Franklin's Instructions. The first wa.s i)uite unknown, and formed no part of Sir John Barrow's Plan; and the second, the Instructions, are so plain, it is impossible to miscon- VIK'TIC .\l rKOItl I I •.s. 115 Jii yet hccii Barrow's J^cws, aliio, rs of ships iitbrniatiou eel -without ivi'd, 1S50, latter suc- V Franklin and Lieut. Ilia, iiusuc- reaeh Capo r. The ori^'iual rian on which Franklin's voyaj,^' was founded coni])rcliends a space of about seventeen degrees of longitude. Austin's energetic parties to the south-west, under the able Capt. Oiiimaney, explored to long. 103° W., i. t'., live ilegrees to the westward of Franklin's startimr- point (loi)g. 1)8° W.), leaving twelve degrees, 210 miles of longitude, unexplored, a space i[uite wide enough to continue the promise of the " Passage." AVliy, then, because the lirst live degrees gave no traces of the absent Expedition, the remaining* twelve degrees should be ccmsi- dered unlikely to yield successful results, seems to us to argue cer- tainly an illogical, if not presumptiK)us, inference. Had the search to the south-west, through ^Melville ^ouud, been persisted in at this time, it would, we thiidi, have rewarded the Austin Expedition for all its toils and privations ; and, iu our opinion, would lia\ e unfolded the mystery hanging over the forttmes of the Erebus and Terror and their crews. AV^e now conclude this summary of the plans and oi)Inions, and the directions given to the various searching expeditions arising out of them. It will be seen that, from the iirst, as early as 1817, there was a tendency to distract and draw attention from the original Plan and Instructions ; from Cape Walker and the south-west (ilelville Sound), to the passages and sounds to the north of Barrow's iStrait and Bailin's Bay. Cniiappily, this erroneous tendency was eoimtcnanced, fostered, and circulated; the consequence was, a yet wider extension of the feeling. In 1818 it showed itself increased and extending; and, though powerless for harm then, its stealthy iulluence could not be perceived by those who felt for the critical position of our missing countrymen without uneasiness and alarm. In 1819 it was openly advocated, and soon after the first searchhig expedition returned, having failed. AV'ithout any new fact to induce a change in the direction (jf search, the Wellington Channel and the north became a perfect mania. Iu 1850 it was recognized by atithority, in the northerly direction given to the Behring's Strait' Expedition (to the west of ilelville Island), and shared more than ccpial attention with the sotith-west, in the orders given to the Barrow's Strait' l^xpedi- tion. On the return of the latter, because traces of the missing Expe- * We arc now uwaro of Mr. Wyiiiiiatl's jounioy from ]'riiioe of Wales' Strait eastward in Melville Sound ; but at this time, 1850, when the search by the soutii- west was abandoned, it was not known at home ; it was, therefore, tho more unrea- sonable to abandon t'lc search in tlut direction. H : HI 1! :!|l 11(5 I'l.AXS ()!■ SKAItCIl roU SIR JOHN m A^• ICT.TX. (litioii \vor(> not found in llic lirst live decrees of t lie scvcmIooii (Ic^'rccH of spucc Ilii'(iiu;li which l''riiiikliii \V!is s|)('ci!illy I'lijoiiicd to force his way, hence il was conelinh'd all search of llie I'eniainiM'^' twelve de- j^rees was nunecessarv, and that the niissiii'j; l'].\i)e(iil ion did not pro- ceinl to the southward and W(>stward of \Vellin!j;ton C'hanneh Onlof such an iniwarrantable eonchision I'urtlier search in lii(> direction of l''raid\liu's Tnst;ruotions was L!;iven np. Ercrii ll'on'jlil face of each year, from the lirst, and yet our course was sim])le. lint was there no one durini; those latter years, stronu; in moral couraLje, boldly to stand np in spite of ranU, routine, mistaken judi,^- ment, and ill-matiu'cd opinion, and advocate the soundness of the Plan, the clearness of the Instructions, the disciplined mind, and the predilections (in favour of the American coast route) of the com- inaiuler; to point out error in the erring, the total absence of f;iets, to explain wlicre needed, and give tlio reasons for his faith ? Thei'c^ was. Several sound Arctic authorities held out in favour of the sout h-west route, lint tbeir reasonings were vain. Tlie re[)orts from the natives east of the ^lackenzie were unhcei'ed, the fragmiMits of a Government sbip's ecpupmcnts brought home by liao in April, 1S51, w'crenot understood; all were lost amidst tbc distraction of tbe num- berless conilicting plans and opinions, olTicial and civil, the majority of wbicli would not bear the slightest scrutiny; still their etfoct was banefid. AV^c fear, too, that even Science bersclf is not altogetber blauu'less ; sbo drew aside attention from the main obj(>ct, tbe search for our luifortunato countrymen ; she influenced the detour in the direction of Cape Nicolai, and sbe tempted lier eager followers to tbe bidden secrets and tbc wide, unreaped tield of impiiry and rescai'cb in tbe unl:nown nortb. Hut wboever orwbatever infi encod the deci- sion infrtvoitr of the search Jbr the FranhJin ExpeJilion hi/ the north, our linn coiivict'on lias all along been that it was not in the rii/ht direction. It is as minccessary, as it would bo unprofdabb*, to pursue tbis melancboly subject further. We need not to sj)eak of tbe failure^ of Jk'lcber aiul Kellott, of Inglelicld and of Kune, or of tbe whob'saie •'Tn foirc liis iVclvi- dv- not ^iro- . Out of oction ol' (wcrlion aiitl llio sent, was s to tliis r. J'rom toad of Ji s without ) stauipcd as siinplo. ill moral \v\\ juilij;- 'S8 ot" tiio I, and tlic tlio com- ) of facts, ? TIkto iiv of the )orts from iionts of a pril, 1S51, :' the unm- majc^rity {^ffcot Avaw altogether tlic search )uv in the )lh)wers to id rescai'ch id the dcci- 1 the north, n the right nirsuo this u failui'(^ of 5 wholosalo akctk; At'TiroiiiTrKs. 417 abandoumont of the ships : they are all recorded ; all en.led as might have been anticipated. Our unfortunate countrymen were unrestored. Time, so precious, was wasl,.,l, and tii(> energy, the daring, and tho heroic fortitude of our saih)rs were all uselessly thrown away. I'ro,,, lienc(;forth, wild theory, 1)asele.s.s conjecture, 'and imagination ram- pant, reigned. The i'laii and instructions for the vovage were con- signed to oblivion. It was chaos come again. The iield of search, iilways too extended, became more so, fill it included (he entire circuit of (he Arctic circle, and extended even to \U'. l»ol,> itself; the most out-of-the-way, iini)robable rou(es and means were advocated; they vang(>d all around the ccmipass, to every point excepting one, and that the only true (.no ; vi/,., the south-west, through the spare to which M-nuklin «w,v Kcnl, and which ire have no confinuoiusli/ dirdt iqwu,— J/cIri//c So/nid. i}ut let it not be supposed that our sailors (oilicers and men) have; fiiled in (heir duty; failure was on every side, but not because of Ihem ; with solitary exceptions, they liave noble done their duty, and upheld (he honour of their country; well have they merited "to be l)laced by the side of tlu; "marine worthies" of old. Kor among them may be traced all the '• fosmographie," the chivalry, and the '•heroicke coura, " of our Cabot, our i'robisher, our J)avis, our Waymouth, our Jludson, our Hallin, and a host of others; names which England points to with prich" ; as muy France to IJellot and J)e Jiray, and as may our American kinsmen to De Uaven, to Kane, &c., and her muniticent citi/ens, (irinnell and i'eabodv. Great stress has, as it will have been seen, been hiid on what arc «-alled the opinions of Arctic authorities, and we tliiniv justly ; but we prefer those founded on facts rather than those speculative. Their .sclent itlc contributions are most valuable; although, probably, in the ac(piirement suliiciently monotonous, wearying, and at times "painful ; still they furnish invaluable data to the shore-going iiKfuirer, and to themselves at home. For, based on them, often arise under leisure and retiection great truths and extended views, which never would have entered the minds of those employed gathering together these l)reciou9 eleiiunts of knowledge on the spot, where, tied and bound by the dilliculties surrounding them, arising from cold, privation, and tianger, their ideas must be in a great measure necessarily absorbed in self-preservation. We are called upon to make this observation from seeing the sclf-sullicient, contidcnt manner in which opinions— purely speculative, often conllicting, and fretpiently contradictory liave been exjiressed, to the exclusion of others grounded on the 2 1: 418 I'LANS or SKAKCII lOlf Slit .lOIIN IRAN K M N. jl ii I la • i " small voice " of Reason. In short, wo prefer Arctic facts to Arot ie opinions. It maybe asked, What are onr [)re8ent views (ls5S) rej^arclinc; the course pursued l)y Sir John Franklin after lie left Meeehey Island, his subsetpient ])osition, and if h)st, where lost? Willi respect to the lirst (juestion, we throw overboard all eoujeeturo of fatal disaster at Jk'eeh(>y Island and Point Kili^y, "Truth n\nst be proved, and not gue.ssed." AVe believe that he left Beeehey Island, in Is Kj, in ij;ood sea-i;oing condition, and that he attempted to reach the |)oiut about Cape Walker, to which he was directed, /. c, about 1)S° W. lie may not havf been enabled to communicate with that ea])e, from the heavy masses of ice always known, from the direction of the general current, to encumb(T the southern shores of Harrow's Strait ; but that is inunaterial to the great object of the original plan, which was, from that meridian to ])ush his way in a south-west direction across the sound known as Parry or IMelville Sound, towards the American coast; as it was known, that beyond the meridian of rj(P W., a passage existi'd to Hehring's Strait, and the (Ireat (Question would b(i solved. Therefon , as wi' have said, it was inunati'rial whether he connnunicated with Cape Walker or not; but, it bcinf/ hix Jlrxl po'nit, to nrrice at, ami the, hint for Iraoiiuj records of his movements and intentions, it was ex])ected (and not unreasonably) that the lirst in- formation of iiim would be found there; it may even have been his wish, too, but, unable to acc()m[)lish a landing without consi(U'ral)l(> detention and consequent loss t)f time (time so important in the navigation of tlie Arctic seas), and having no ex[)ress orders to that eti'ect, he pushed on. This may account for despatches not benig left at Heechey Islaml; he was. when there, only rii route to Ids first (ind litsi jkoint for commnnicution with Enrjland, and looked to leave them there ; besides, he is not directed to the north side of JJarrow's Strait on his outward course, he would therefore consider Eeechey Island, or Point Riley, on that side, an out-of-the-way place for leaving them. I'rom Cape Walker he woidd attempt a coni'se in a south-west direction through iNlelville Sound ; whether he succeeded soon after leaving that cape or not we have no information, but, if he did not, he would have sought a passage further west or returned. AVe know now that he could not have got along that coast (from Capt. Ominaney), as it is open to the north-west drift ; we therefore must conclude he persevered to the westward, and when Ave come to consider the wide (wtent of the promising but unknown space before him, even to the meridian of Banks' Land, it is only reasonable to supi)ose that he did. The ni>iM()\s ON Tiir, roiitsi: oi Tin; iinNKi.tN icm-i'dition. H!) to Arotic rdinc; tlic !y Island, rspoei to il (lisasttT I, and not 1), in jj;ooil jint abont Jlo may the hoavy 111 onvriMit, lit til at is Avas, IVon', across llio AnuM'ican 20^ W., a itioi\ would wlicther 1u> fh'Ht jmiiit Mnonts and tlio iirst in- vc b(U'n liis lonsidtM'aitlo tant in the diM's lo that bi'injj; K'fl at irnf end Uixl thcni lluMT ; strait on liis nd, or Vo\\\\ w\\\. Froiu st direction leaving that ! wonld have Lhat he conld is it is open persevered le extent of meridiati of c- did. 'fhe seeininuf then wideontlels l)et\veen IJaidca' and Wollaslon and Vieltjriii Lands Monid leinpf him towards IIkmii. This, we think, is the eonrso he pursued; that hi' attained lari^e wesliiiL,' may he inferred from the foilowiiiL; r(>asons. If he had not. he would hav(> hcim within the inlliienee of the i'ollowed ? AVo say. Certainly he would not. The absence of records there negatively eorrohorates this opinion. Ciii-ns are fnund in I'se most probable situations, but 'J \: -2 [20 I'l.ANS Ul Sl'.AIit'll ruli NIK .MMIN IIIANUI.IN. iKt rcntrcis ; we :irf Icil then Id llu' oiil} — tlif iiicviliiMf coiu-liisidii, IIimL l''r!mkliii iliil iiol ullvnipl Ihv tiorlh lii/ llir ll'i/liiii/fDn i'hninirl, iiikI J'lirlhrr. Ilml mil hiiniiij iltuir .so. nctjidirc rriilctivf i.s tij/'onlnl i if Ins liariiiji Huccccdttl lo Ilir sdiillnninl it ml in sliiaril. This niiiclusioii is arrived at widioiit. iiiiy fctt'i'ciicc lo llic ai'lcr •tf Noai't'li luadci in liii- mnili. 'I'lic ciilipc ahai'iict' ol" all t races there only ;,'(ies slill further to (•(iiiliriii it. We nuisl llieii look lo Melville Sound lor the scene of his detention and einl):in'as8iiUMd< ; and if we revert, a;^aiii to IJyani Martin Island and its |)assajj;es, the entire absence of all si^ni of his presence there or at Melville Island, (/// It'iid lo the Niiiiic cuiiclnxion. There was a donht v hether Traidilin ini;,dit not havi' taken Olio of tho western |)assajj;es of the I'arry Islands, until they were searched ; but as to the Welliiif^ton Channel, no doubt over rested on it, whether searcheil or not. N^'ithout information of •failure in the wi'st, it never had oven pndjaSilily for its basis. As I'eel's Sound is talked of we may as well say a woi'd or two on it. What could induce l''raukliu to atlemi)t tln> passage by that sound? It oll'ered no promise, jiriimi fiicir, oomparei. with the broad opening of JMelvillo Sound ; JUiy idea that ho adopted it, therefore, can oidy b(! based on the supposition that, defeated on the wi'stern side of (\'i|)(! Walker, ami i'eelV Souiul beiiifj; opcMi at its entrance, he attempted a passaij;e lo the south by it. |}ut it has boon searched on both si(h's from IJarrow's Strait, ami not a sinti;le vi'sti^e of the pre- sence of the E.vpi'dition has been found; furtheriuoro, it is, as shown, closiul (it llio hottow ; in short, no j)assago exists to the southward: wo therefore dismiss it. Wo now turn to the precious remains discovered ami brouj^dit home by Dr. liao and ('apt. CoUinson. What is tlu^ talo they tell? It is easy of interpretation, they all point to one noiircc -o\w rationiil con- clusion; and that is, Melville Sound. The Pond's liay Estpi'uaux sketch of four ships in the ice, the two ice-borne ships seen olf New- foundland, mute but positive, all unite to corroborate one fact, that I'ranklin ilid not iittciiipt the, north hut the soiith-irest, and succeeded so far as to enter Melville Sound; and if ever to be found, he must be, or rather should havo been, sou<;ht there. There have been (I ireful p resit ijex enottijli told of it, irliieh, instead of dist met inij from it, should have stiiniiliiled us to i/reuter exertion in that i/uitrter. If hi/, then, not have set all doulit itt rest and searehed it / Init instead of that we have passed it over ; and even unto this day the search of it is unfi- nished— incomplete. ~\W have traced the ships to ^lelville Sound ; did they yet fur down "■«» )IU'lllSl()ll, ( 'liiiiincl, lied of lii'i tlic aflfi- ices tlitM't> Melville and if wf ihc I'litirc! Ill, (ill Ifitd dill iiiij;lit ukIs, until lU)lll)t (.'VlT •iii:itii)ii ol' basis. As 1\v() on il. at sound ? iid opi'uinj; >, can only ■rn sido of itrant'c, ho carcluHl on of the pre- I, as shown, southward : )U^dit homo toll? Jtis itional con- Es(lu"M>iUlX 'u olV Nc'W- 10 fact, that 1 succeeded nd, ho niust liavo been ^'(ict'nifi front I'Icr. H'/ii/, Hteml of that of it is Hiifi- sct far down ni-rMoNs uv TMi; (Diiisi; DT ruv. iiMNKMN i: V i'i:niTiuv. 121 (hat sound? were Ihvy wrecked or .-diaMdoncd (here: or, heiu;^' at the onler Miari,'in of the ice. did they hreiik away and Hoat to the east- ward as did the A'r.sv,////,/ The latter is not nn|)rol)ahle, as we havo noticed in the lvsi|uiuiauv sketch and the ice-borne ships; nn the contrary, they may have drifted some distance down iMelville Sound, and been wrecked or abandoned. Such an event is far more |)robablo than that the catastrophe occiu-red in I'eel's JSonnd, for reasons which we have alri'ady f,'iven ; but in either ca.se, then; is no doubt th(! crews kept, to their ships while hope remained. It seems not nidikely that, seeiu},' (he south-east direction of (he drift— that it set them towards Victoria I -and, t(» the south (d" which (he passa^'o westward was already known— that |S17 was passed without any uue.'isine.ss L,'reat('r than W(»uld arise from the lu-lplessness of (heir situation, and (he fear of beiii;,' run over; it mav even havo f^iven them hope of liberation in IS IS; that pas.sed, the winter IS IS-!) would be 11 period of deep anxiety, and when the summer came without their beiiiL,^ extricated, tlieri! is littlo doubt but th(>y abandoned tho shi|)s- under what arran^-ements we can only infer. One jiarty, no doubt, took tho direction of Heechey Island, and this will account for the coiijectiin; of a second visit there; but may not this party bo further traced in the subse(pient rumour of white men to tho north- west of .llo;j;artirs Souiul ? * One party may have f,'one down Prince of Wales' Strait, or a larar the mystery unless we suppose the s]ii[)s to havo bccu crushed or abanchmed at th(> bottom of ]\relville Sound, and that no attempt was made to retreat riil Marrow's Strait, or, if made, that the [)arty did not reach it. This part of tho siiliject /.v on 'mtw- plk'dlilc an that u-o nIioiiIiI have sent an f.rjwdition to JMclvillc Suiiiid, and irhfn viinsiiif/, not scr/,: thrrc. to find it. The ({uestion now forces itself upon us. Have all perished? We ari^ amongst those who think that some of the voiini' and hardv luav bo * Sec tlu' Wt'klii Th.ics; Sqitcnibor L'l, IS.'f; 422 I'l.sss (ir si;\iii II loit sill JOHN rifWKi.iN, i . h ,1 Htill alivo; iimy liii\t' rtciiscd ^licltcr and Itfcoiiu! acclimatized with tilt! waiulcriiii; l'ls(|iiiiiiaii\. W'r ilo imt stand alone in tliis ()[iiiiii»ii ; tliei'e are eaiiiieiil aiilli(il'ilie,s wlio «tili lliink it |)t)».siljk'. " ll, is not within (lie |)(iwer of mini to sa} tlieyare dead," nor is "it rii,'lit to do rto." A snllieieiiev of food is impenilive, but it is not e^sl■ntial to an KnL,disliman\s existence tliat it slioiild bf of tlie Bume deseri[)tion lie lias at lioine ; the food of the ICs(|iiiiiiaii\ snstains and extenils his life to tlio ordinary period, eijiially with iiiat of tho Kuru[)ean under iiioro Houtliern (.'liinates. I5y all accoiints, and a host iui;,'lit be quoted, animal life, so I'ar from bein;,' searee, is abundant; but thai is only for a season, and care is re([iiired in hoai'diiiL? it np for the winter: of course, there; are particular idtuations, soils, and rocks, that are not favouralilo to vcLjetation, and there it would l)e niadncss to expect to lind the niiisk ox, deer, Ac. The sea and tho lakes aH'ord their supply, mil in no stinted measure. 'JakiiiL':, then, into conside- ration all that has been said as to the want of animal life in these regions, we are still of opinion, tliatliumau life may bo sustained there by ado|)tini^ the cunniiej; experii'uci' of tho Rsipiiniaux in bunting,' and lishiiig, aidetl by the skill, ami husbanded by the [irovident habits, of the Eui'o[)ean. Small parties are more likely to obtain subsisteiici' than largi", yet Capt. C'oUiiison spt'aks of a tribe at L'anibrid<,'e Jiay as amounting to more than 200. One opiniiiii has been started, whit-b, of all others, is tho most imporLant; it has been said an Arctic climate is inimical to the European eoiistituti(jn : and yet, on the lii'st view, it would not appear to be so; consiilering the ginerally robust health injo^oil by our Arctic crows, exhausted often by over-exertion, exposure, and long travel. The late Earl of Ellesniere, in his anniversary aildress (1855), as President of the Koyal Geographical Society, (pioting the A'cterau autlioi'ity of the late Jiev. L)r. Scoresby, says, " Oue remark 1 caunot help borrowing from liiiii, that, putting out of the ipies- tion the loss of Prankliu's l']xpedition, 'the rate of mortalily on board some fifty-six vessels eiiij)loyed iu thirty-eight years, //as nol fxci'ctlctl. (iiiif, l((hiii(/ ijiifividiiiil insftiiiccs; h(i.s hcrit fur bcJoir, tliat of muijariiiij mcii I'liii;/ in our awn iKtrhoitvs.'' "* AVe liavii two remark- able illustrations as to tlii' eli'ects of food iu the late expeditions. Capts. Kellett and C'ollinson, under generous and sullicient diet, brought their crews home in excellent health, while Capt. Sir. Ji. jM'C'lure ami the late lameuted JJr. Ivane, from the inability to allow * See "JoiiriiMl of tho Royal Geopraphical Society, 1855," vol. :i5, p. 121 I., i/.ctl Willi o|)iiiit)ii ; • li is iiut \<^\\{ to ill" itiiil to an ril)l;oii Ih' xlciulrt lii>> iciiii uiiilrr iiii^Ut br ; l)llt thill up lor tlu< aiul riK'ks, [)c inailiu'Hri lakes all'onl ito cousiilc- Ifr ill tlifrtr ,ainiHl tluTf muling and it habits, t»r aubriistt'nui' ibridgc iifiy is the most cal to the would not th I'ujoycd )osun', and iry addi'c'Ssi uuling the Jue remark f tlie ques- ortality on ars, hiis not law, lliiit of wo rt'inark- expedilions. I'lcicut diet, »,apt. Sir. Jt. iity to allow 25, 1.. 12 1 All!'. Tiir.iii; ANV sruvivitiis? 423 Hidrieiciit nourishing food, their nu'ii beeame reduced to a deplorable Htat(> t'roin the fatal elleets of scurvy and other diseases. It seems active, elui rl'id employment is preservative of health, even nt a low tempi'rature, while indolent habits and despondent fi'elings imlueo disease* In all these casi's, hard work and e\|)osnro had alike been undergone. Others say, prolonged stay in the Arctic regions, evi'U \inder favourable eireuinstances, destroys the constitution. Wo pre- «umo not to venture an opinion, but the three following instances of lengthened sojourn there may be tpioted ; others might bi' j^iven. The well-known missionary, Hans lygede, lived twenty-live years i:i (Jreenland. ('apt. (now .'Mai()r-(}enei'al) Sabine, in a letter to the ['re- sident (jf th(! Jioyal Society, incidentally mentions a Mr. Sharostin, a Russian, who had passed thirty-ninewinters on Spil/,bergen,and resided there for seventeen years without liaving once left the island. t The Governor of Greenland, in IS.') I. had been there twenty-nine years. ;{: StM'ing, then, there is reasonable probability that some of the uid'or- tunate crews of the Krclnts and Ti rror may still survive, the imagi- nation shrinks, is shocked, at the barbarous thought of forsaking them. All that is good, just, and Iinmaue. [Ocads for those who can- not make their voices lirard at home. I'iUgland sent tbem forth to solve a Gn^at Problem, in which she had identified herself and the chivalrous exertions of her sons for three centuries ; nations looked on and adndrcd her ndghty etl'orts, her persevi'ring constancy, and her beroic daring, ller conduct created a world-wide inti-re.st; shall it be said of her, then, that, in Ihe Ciul, vhcn i/iosn whom she sml on fJic f/InrioiiN hi'l prriloi's iiiisH'ton rrfiinicd not, hiif remained uureco- rered llivovijli uiisili reefed e//})rf—~s/i(tll if lie said, edien leil hi/ flieir spirif. thoxr irho xoiKjhf fhe)it solved fho Grenf (^ite.^fio)! in the jmrxiiit, t/nd fliiif then, vithout pvoof\ she. provnunced fhrm detid and deserled them ? O let not this shame fall on England ! * AVe are iiidcbti'd to Captain Coliinsou f'oi' tlio siibjoiiu'd note of tlie average number on tbo sick list on board ILM.S. Enlerpfixe, during the years she was in tlie Aivtie region:*. Latitudes between ()8^ and 73" : — Proiu Jiuie, is.")!, to Jciue, ]S.'2, average number, Wi't, or, per cent., o-5 1S.-.2, „ IS.- 3, „ 3(;2, „ G-0 185:5, 1S5I 3-18, "85 Total nundier of day^ in the iee, 1,101. Total average per cent., 5'7S. t See " A A'ovage 1(j tlie Noi-th Pole." I!y the lale Admiral Ueechcy, p. ?> tO. X .See Blue IJook, " Turliier Tapers llelalivc to Koccnt Arctic Expeditious, 1855," p. 3. •12.1 P l!i \ V CriAPTEU XVIll. HAS AM, liEEN DONE THAT CAN IIE DONE ?- DH. KIN(i's I'LAX — MR. J'IXI)I,AY's Ol'IMOX — (WJ'T. HECIIEll's KEFLEC'TIONS — I.ADV I'RANKMN — mi. K'ANE's OI'INIOXS — CAl'T. 111(11 A RDs's IM.AN— MEMOIlIAIi TO I, OKI) l'AI,MEUSTON — I.OUl) WKOTTESl-KV — LIKU- TE.VAXT PIAl's I'LAN — I)K. K1N(J AXD LIELXKNAXT IMM's VNHKD I'LANS — CLOSE OK YEA If lNij(). We coino to the soi'oihI (|iiestioii, ]Ims all boon done tliat can be (lone? This qiu'slioii involves the nation's lioiiou!'. While that, space, 31elville Sound, tlirouji;h vvhicli Franklin and his foini)anions were directed to push their way to aeeoinplish the ji;reat object of their voyage remains unsearched, all that can be done has ntit been done. ^Vhatetlbrts will he made to clear the jrloom and nnl'old the fate ol'our deeply-huiK'uled coniilryniiMi, pursuing- tlu> sad subject we follow to the end. The fatal news of J\ae, and the relimpiishment of the search at a time when, the clue havinsjj been furnished, it was most important that it should be contiinied, confounded, prostrated for the moment — it was but for a iiioment ; the widow was striekcii but lived, and men there wen>, too, who still thouu;ht and felt, ami, however allilclint; tlie intellii^ence received, howi'ver cold and n'pulsive, those Oil whom particularly devolveil the ^iiai'diauship of our lost sailors, still seein<; that nothinjj; certain was known as to the fate of the Franklin Ivvpeditiou us a whole, they ri'sohed still ti) persist to " do unto others as they would others should do unto them," they coidd not believe that all had perished; ami until the fact was [)laeed beyond doubt, * hey could not rest satisfied that all had been done that should be doih". Various publications, tendiuL; to prove that Sir John Franklin followed his instructions, thus vindicatinij;- that good man from absurd "intentions" oppost'd to them, arose. Oilers of si-rvice and plans of search folhtwed ; tlu-se we will record; but. before doing so, would notice' the new ideas that had sprung up. Strangt; as it niay appear,anii notwithstanding the seven' lesson we had been taught, the mania in favour uf the mirth had no .sooner passed awa\ thau conjectuiv (as usual, without proof) I'li^hrd lu'fillfs.'.ly on to the MHitli, and ll.\ed her I'Cslless wanderings in I'ecTs Sound; through "If; DIt. KINd's VIXS. IL'5 's iT-vy — >NS — l,.VI)V S I'l.AN— i:v — Mi:i- .'S IMIKl) liat can be kVhilt' llmt, ■oinpanioiirt t obji'ct of le has 111)1 and uiil'old sad sulijccl KliiislinnMit ilu'd, it was prostrated ■as stricken d felt, and, d ivpulsivi', of our lost ' the fate of ) ])er»ist to hem," they Avas placed '11 done that lat Sir John : good mail 's of service )efore doing range as it .teen tanght, away than on to the 1(1 ; throuuK this doubtful sound she traced the cours.! of the Franklin Kxpodition. and 111 its vicinity tlio scene of its catastrophe. iMelville Sound still reniaiued as thougli it had never been the prominent feature of the original plan. Fortunately, cii-umstances combined in our favour- the pn)guosticated horrors of Melville Sound were neutralized by tlij oasiiioss of approach of Kegent's Inl.-t, or again disap])ointing resuhs might have followed. The complete search of the one will accomplish all that remains as necessary to be examined of the other. The space is limited, and apparently accessible by JJellot's Strait for boats, if not for a vessel ; therefore we !ia\(^ renewed hope. January 21st, isr,(5, 1),.. Iii,.!,;,rd King* again addressed the Admi- ralty, ollering, for the iifth time, to lead a party down the (Jreat 1' ish Itiver, to examine ihecach- he constructed on Montreal Island, under the name of '• King Cache," when he was there with Sir George Back in ls;3t. Dr. King says the existence of his rac/w was kiK.wn to Franklin, and it is his " jirm beli.'f that he. or the leading survivor of the Expedition, crossed over from Point Ogle for the purpose of aearching this cac/ir, and of depositing thcr(> a record of his visit. The fact that no papers were found in tlie hands of the Ks.inimaiix iJ in itself strong presiimi)tiou that the records of the Exj.editi.m had been deposited in a phur of safety." lf.,> adds. '• In all human i)ro. babihty a history of the Franklin Expedition stdl lies buried in my cache beneath the rocky slioirs of Montreal Island, and that it i"s within the bounds of probability that this recc.rd may be recovered." It seems scarcely probabh> that thirty-live or forty men should linger and die of starvation without phicing their books "and papers c//, n,c//r, unless, taken by surprise and cut olf, they had not time t,. do it, or having deposited them, it had been disc.wered and pillagi'd by'tiic nativi's. The Admiralty. January 2S(h, '■ae(piaint Dr. King that they do not think it advisable to undertake such an expedition." January Nth, ISoO, a very interesting [taper, -'On the Probable Course J'ursiied by Sir John Franklin, "f l)y A. (J. Findlay, Ks(|., was read before the Royal (rcographical Society. The ol'.jert ot" this paper is to show that Sir John !• nmkllii. following his Instructions, * Sol- "Furtlicr 1'mikts ivliitive totlio K.voiil Aivtir Kxiu'ililioiH, ISr.O," ,,. ;jl. t W''e "KoyulCiwgniiiliiwil Society's .Joih-umI, l.sr.C,,'' vol. liC, ,,. :iii,',/ .y,,^. . abo, tlu- ApiH'iulix to Ih;- iibovo rapcT, Mim-h IJI, l,sr.7, .-.v i,],. |— d • ,,lso " I'm- coccli.u's oftl,. HovMl (i..o,r,,.pl,i,,l SorirlyV No. 1, p. 21 ; and a ,.a|u'. l,v [■,,,tain Jrm.ng.r, of th. J)ani.h .Navy, " Ti,.. A.vli,- I'unvnt .mnml C.ro.nlan'l,- Ko^al (Jcogrni'liical SoWcty's Journal, IS'iC, vd. LIC, y. :i(l \-2<) I'l.ANs or si:\i!(ir \ok siit joifn i-hankmx. m w rii/rrri! Mrlri/fr Soiii/i/, initl llirrc iirrniiie iiiihcihlril in the jtnck, ax iViil Capfdiii KvUvll ill till' Kc>s()liilc ( |s.') 1 ), juid tliiit, inuhu" tlio iiilliifiicc of 1 lie jtrrsislnif raslrrJii current , 1 lie KrrhiiK aixl Ti-rror, like 1 lie HisdIiiIc, (Irit'lcil ildwii l);in'(t\v's Strait into .Tallin's May, down Davis's St I'ait, and were the tun ships .syvv/ hij the Ki'iiovatioii in tin- ivr-Jhir otl' Ncw- IbinKllaiid in |s,j1. 'I'Ih* art^nnicnts arc too inimcronsand cxtiMulcd for ns to repeat liero by wliieli tliiseonelusion is eonie to, but we may notice tlu' cliier. lieterrini^ to a j)aper read by tbe author before the liritisli Association at Jjiverpoo', ;;e says, " It was tliere shown tliat tlie warm waters of tbe e(|iialorial regions ])assod to the north-eastward, ronnd by ,.lie \orlli Capi' of Europe, aioni^ the nortiicrn face of Siberia, and thence on to tlie archipebii^o wliich bes on the nortii-east coast of AmeriiM, |)ouiin^- into iJaliin's May by tlie vstrious cliannels from a uni'tb-westeiMi direclion ; another portion passing north of (ireeidand, aiiil llii ii tioiillnraril ii/oii;/ i/s ciislci'ii coast ronnd Cape Farewell, and afterwai'ds, nieetinn- the Hallin's Hay current, formiiiLj tiie jjabrador eun-ent, down to and over tlie Newfoundland IJanks to beneath the (iiilf Stream. . 'l'h(> certain inference was," ho adds, "that whatever is llontable in the so-called Arctic Uasin nuist. at some j)erio(l or in some t'orni, ])ass out" to the southward, or be di-ifled on to its short's. Having;; shown the direction and iutluencc of the ciu"- rents, be then notici>s tli(> dril'ling fragments found by J\ae, (."ullinsou, Pennv. and (ioodsii-, to prove there is not in them any evidence that llir JM'ebns miil 'feri'or '" iniri' iiicl irilh inm J'tidil tlisaKlcr ;'''' and then, in the e\phii':il ions that have been made, that the shi|)s were not di'- lained on the shores of I'eel's Sound, or on tbe north or tbe south- west cD.'ists n\' i'rince (»f AVales' liaml, or that they proceeded south- (>ast onl of .Melville Sound (':) Jlethen notices tbe re|)ort and sketch of the l']>(piim;m\ at I'ond's IJay of four ships in the ice, looks on the two t>;istern most as Sir .l.ames j^oss's at I'ort \ii^o\w\A,from hrin;/ in (III iiicluKfil Kpiicc, and the two with their to])niasts struck as I'^ranklin's, more to tbe westward ; iu)tcrt the seven^ seasons, IS IS ami ISl!), anil the (■iiiisit/iH'ii/ .\'/(iii' ili'ij'l. and also the state of the ice iu Wellington Channel, the abscnci" of t races, i<:c., and says, " In any ease it may be asserted thev ullimatelv ri-ached i\lelville Soinid :" he points to the impiMbabilil V of their Iteing in \ i/toria Strait, or I't^el's Sound, oi' Hegent's Inlet, and oi)serves, "Of tlu> shijis themselves not the slightest vestige has been tound, which maybe referred to their destruc- tion." He then remai'ks on the two ships seen on the ice-llot>, and tiie ci'i'dibiliiv of the report, from authorities, and the possibility of t iie occur reiue ; the ,.crU'i I couaisLoucy of such iui appearance wilh phv- \v c.vi'T. i;i;(iii:i!'s itKri.KCTioss. It»7 sioal i)I..MmM,.M.a.iu„l Mwi. niv,.s mm.rn.iis (•Muni)l..s t.i ,,rov(. tl.,- fm-t "' ''■''''' '■""*''< ■■""' '•'»■''- ••'ixl .■ipplyiiin (|u,sr .lata t„ 1|„. ire-h,.,-.!,. shins .•..ull:.k„,.(,|,rsl,.u.st ami tl,,- .,„i,.kr:sl ,,,to of ilrit'l,, h. plarrs thr hrrlnis an.l '/'ovw in .Mdvillr ,S,„n„L .•.ihI thai (h.'V ihmv hav.- ,,ass,.,l >nu.bs,-n,>.l ,h,\vM Harrow's St raiL .;//'•/• Sir .hmics'Koss's .Irpartiuv ui.d hcforc )ho arrival of Captain ( Admiral) Austin's H.N,„.,lilion March, l,sr,(;._.\t this ti„„. a vry o.xtrllcnt pap..-, " li,.|KH-ti..Ms <•'. Sn-.)ohn Franklin's Kxpoililion, an.l whm- liis Ships Avc-n; most im.hahly IJrsrt in tho l.r," hy Captain iVch.r, K'.X.,* appear.,! iu tho"i\aut,.-aliMa,ua/.ino."t .\fi.T notidn;r tlm rntiro want of surcss ot our searching cxpnlitious, tlu> author says: '-A slran-,. ht-iljiy )i.;is f..llow...l thrm. Wo havo luvn nnahlo l., snrcour llu.m in th.-ir (listross; an.l no soon.^r wa. l!i.' scar.-h r.'liii,p,ish,Hl, . . t.han a «ii r.'hVs" ( Dr. Ua.^'s') •'that Av.T.- hr.ui^rht to OS, showin- ,is t..,". \A;uuU irhrrrlhr snnrl, had not h,r„ >n„dr ! " 11,. says : '• !..(. „s try lo'tra.v th..,,, J'"' "'='t""-'^'l^ • ■ .•.IV nut n.nv. . . Th.-y hav.- luvn hrloro ns roni llu> .■omn,..n.vn,.-nt, !,nt, Ih.y hav.- h.vn r.i...t...l an.l nn- iHr.l.'.l, l).M'aus.> th.T w.'n- mironiurt.-.l an.l not likclv ; h.'si.l.'s tlu-v ram., fn.m Ks.,uin>anx, wlm an- look.-.l on as no 'hi^rj, a.,lhority"' y\ th.-s.- r..ports-(.„nsi.h-r.-(l in n.nn.-.M ion uith ih.. .-xprcssions "of J'rankhn, tlu- .-xprcHs.Hl ..pini.ms of tlio hio-hrst anlh..riti.-s on Arctic matters -.-nc-rally, Ih,' esli^vs of wr.-.-k an.l th.- r.-li.-s of th.- party that hav.- h.rn foun.l-ln-.-om.- c sist:.-nl, un.I contrihnt.- t.. form a mass ..f .-vi.l.-n,-.., showing Ihv prolUUil,, of Franhlin'H ,nil>a,,,n, ,,nsi. turn lh„l could .snu-crl;, h.n-r hrrn vxpvvlvdr Th.- author th.^n no ti.MU- th.-ir arrival at l5.-.-..hry islan.l, says, '• Tlu- a.lvo.-at.-s .,!' th.- W.-llin-ton fhann.-l rout,- hav.- con.-l,uh-,[, thai, as soon as ].ossihl<. th,- ships pass.-,i that way, an.l tlu-n.v int.. the l',,lar S,-a. IJut in «ii|)port ..f this vi.-w n..t on.- atom .,f .-vLh-nc.- has h.rn foun.l in -ill the 8,-ar,-h that has l„vn ma.h-. . . Thcr.- is, h.,\v.-vrr. c.-rtain c/V- CHm>,fl,->rr.,l . an.l had loiij; l.,-,-ii in a p..siti..n fr..iii wh.-n.-.- no li.lin^.s coul.l In- ..htaiiu-d of liini ;- that wliil.- ho has iHrn s,,ii-ht f.r .m th.- shor.'s ..f th.- lu.rth ho has lu-.-n in th.- south, in-.-yurahly llv..,l i„ ||„. j,.,,." ||,. ,1,,.,^ M..ti-« Dr. Kin-'s plan. Sir Jam, -s Koss's failinv an.l ll,,- two pr.- cious y.-ars Jost, I h.-n Captain (A.lmiral) Aiistia-s .[•:xp..diti.m and * A.itiioi- oC'Tiu' l.Miiciriill uf, ',,1111:11)11-," ^,'., \i-. ■t So.- iW. laimIxT lor Mairh, ISJIJ, pp. 1-1-- j |7_ ^ith Map. •128 IM.VN.S 1)1 SKAlil'll ItUt SIU JOHN rUANKI.lN. ! li »v\lr;ii)i'(liii;iry cdiu'liisioiis, aiid Sir I'Mwanl Bclulicr's, " likf nil Ihr rest," li'iiviii'j; us "in our iu;iioraii('(', liopiiiij for llio best jiisd t'cariiiL,^ fill' worsl." Captain l"'itzjaiiu's's li-ltcr of May 7th, sliowiii;!; IVaiik- liii's ('\|t('('tatiiiiis in the direction of the American coast, is ne\l, Jioticed. Captain Ueclier then refers to the runiuin's and reports of '"noises like distant thunder" in IMo and iSKi; the I'eel Jiiver iH'port of white men east of the jNIackciizii', IS 17 ; the n^ported tra- f^edy on the Ko-pak. iSlS; the I'stpiimaux skeleli aiul story of tht; four ships in the ice, ISID; Adam Heck's tah*, IS.'A); and says, " Thcs<' stories ih-rixe from each other much prohabihty of truth ; in ])oiut of time, ami iif ships beset in the ice., they ai^ri'e;" lie coud)ats till' idi'a of tin- Ksipnmaux beiii«^ a harmless race, and points to facts; and, after noticiuLi; an observation of Lieutenant Le \'isconite"s, "that th(>y should abandon the ships, and try for the l'assa<:;e with the boats," he leaves the rumoui's ami reports, " wliich." he savs, " have not pi'oved so barren as they have been considered, i'ov they beai- out each other's truth," and turns to the vestiges and I'elics. ill ti'eatini,' of the former he says, '" Our probability bei^au to assiuuc the character of certainty ; but in the i-cdics . . there is no mis- take." Those ft)und ''at IJeeclu'y Island, at the cntram-eof W'eU hnL,'ton Channel, where lay that //////.v_/J//«/.'.v whii-h attracted attention towards the barri-n noilh from the llrst |)oiiit oi' l-'raiddin's orders, the south-west," are lirst noticed; then thos(; of Hae's, iS,")!, and Collinson's, lS.');i, and lastly those of l{ae's, bS.")!.. '• Wo learnt from them." says Captain Hecher, referrin^c to the latter, "for the lirst time that we had been sickiuL^ l''i'anklin where he had lu-ver been ; . . that we bad huiked for his ships everywlu-re except in //ir fi(//ii pi act' ; and that we did not even know the coast by which he umst havi' passed to arrive at the mouth of liack Iviver." We a;;ree with him : "It is a hiuniliatiuii; and sad rellection to cousi(k'r the care and |)ains thrown away in the north that should have been directed to the south." Captain I5echer then refers to lln> nearest positions attained by Osliorn and W'yninalt, the former on Trince of Wales' Land, and the latter on I'rince Albert's Land, and savs, " Whether these are separated hi/ rolies canic Avhothcr from \\w north or north-wosl. II,. s.rms to favour tho iiortli, riii tl„< supposed passa-e south out of Prd's Soiin.i. If so, i,i this, with every defeivne.r to one s.. well aeipiainted with (he siihjoH, W(> think lie errs. || will he seen, from varions ivas..ns we have-i'ven! tliat It is tar more prohahh' that tli..ycam(> from th(> north-west ." We' are led to make this .d)s<.rvat ion Ix-eanse, as Captain IJeeher justly ohserv.-s on tin- subject, "ther.- weiv certain f.-alnres of it necessary to 1)0 consid.M-ed ; for althou-h theyaro apparently nnimportant, they (h-rive value from hein.t; placed in connection with each oilier. Xolhin- is adsanced for which there is not ahi.n.lant authority ; and the mevitahh. conclusion to which wo are h-d is, that in Aie'lvillo «ouiid . . it is most prohahh> I'Vanklin's ships were hampered in the leo." In condmlin^r (he notice of this v.-ry valuable paper we i>sk, w.thtlie author. '-Nliall (ho blank" (unexplon.d) '•remain' as ilu' only blot to tarnish our -lo,y V . . .^ j,,,,,; sacred to the 'memory of her gallant sons. . . Conl.l Kn-^dand not mak.. one liiial ed'ort?"* April 12, lsr,{;,t \ai\y Franklin, in a letter addnss,-d to (he Ad- imralty, strons^dy nrj^ed (he necessity for a fi.r(li..r search. She says : '^ Jt is due to a set of men who have soKvd the probh'iu of eenturi(.s by the sacrilioo of their lives;" aii.l concludes, "The best tribute (hat eoidd bo paid to the lirst and only martyrs to tlu- -reat Arctic disco- \eri(-s of the present century would be a national and linal expedition for this holy purpose. . . Tlwn may Kn-land feel (hat she is relieved of her responsibilities, and can close wdb honour on,- of (Ik; noblest episodes in li,-r naval history." This letter had no reply.+ May 1>, l.sr)(;, J.ady Franklin forwarded (he e,,pv of a letter to the Admiralty from Dr. Kanoto iienry (iriiuiell, Ks,,.,§ i,, which (hat cele- brated traveller and Arctic o.vplorer ,<,dv(>s his opini.'m as (o the present posil ion of the Arctic (piestioii: "In my opinion tli," vessels cannot have be.Mi smblenly destroy,-d, or at least so .lestroyed that provision.s, c^c, could not have been established in ii s;ife . . d,.p,')t." Dr. Kano ;^-oes into th,! (piestion as to the probability of any of tlu- crews of th,> * Observations on this W^nn- appiaivd in tlio "Nautical Magazine" Tor May, Jsr,(i, p. liSJ., l.y tlic lale Sir -lolni Jio.^s ; l.ut wv do nol scl' aiivthing in tlium sub-' vcr.Mivi- of tii(> views cntcrtaini'cl i)y Cajilain JKi,'ii(.'P. t See " I'liiHier Capers Jtelalive to Recent Arctic Kxpedilions, 1 «.-,(!," ,,. (j:{. X See " Letter lo Viscount I'alnierslon," by Lady Frani^lin, I'a.nplilet, p. 1, and Appendix, p. 2!). § See " Furtlier i'apers Kelative (o Keceiil Arctic i-lxpcdiiions, IS.-.C," p. (It. 1:10 ri,\Ns oi' si;\iirii ruit sii; .idiin iimnkmn. h'.r(;iiii lilt" .■iimiiiM- t liiMii." I r iVnin t lie Ik III I , III id lint (lie sliips, i lir "slnrcs or sliip. .'ii'c iinninlcslcd."' Jiiid soiuc in;i\ li.i\c Iti'cii ;di|i'. Ii\ I In c ;iiid llic ImimI. rvcii yt'Mo siisliiiii lil'c. I ii cit lirfCMsr.lic I liiidxs, sonic 111:1 \ lie vet .'di\ ('. " Tlir (|iicst ion MS to t lie posit ion ol" t he lost sliips or t licir vv- liijiiiis," lie s;i_\ s, "is no lonL,'t'rii mil; no one. Tlic lines id'i'ct rcnl In limit. ;is dctcnninrd liy \i;\v ,'nid Anderson, when eoiiiliined l)v llie inl'orin.'i- tioii ol" ( 'ollinsoii ;it ( !iiteslie;id Ishnid in Is.'i'j, (): 'i(,rM :nid \Vvnni;itl. ;ind Oininaney in ISol , ;iiiil K'oss jind Kennedyon t lit> Norlli Soinerscl, eo.'isls. seem to point lo ji niirrow iind eireiiinscrilied ;ire;i williili wliieli nii'.st lie (he iiiissiiiij; ships or their i'eiii;iiiis. 'I'lie thin;::;, to :i pr;U'lie;d mind, is not to l>e misluKen. How else enme :i jiiirtv iVoni the northwMrd Mt Moiiln';d Ishind r W hence else could Ihevhavc issued? . . reel's Sound is nnknouii to our ;iet nid ol)ser\;it ion sonth ol" I'x'llot Slriiit. . . ( M" the ice ;iroiiiid KiiiL; \\ illiMin's Land notliiii;^ is re.ills Known. Uy do^s, thenreat lilessinii; ol' Arctii" travel, the whole area could he scoin'ed." I'Voiii the alio\o ol.ser\at ions of l)r. Kane, he considers I ht> A'/v ///^s• and I'rrror or ihcir remains lo he in that hlanl; area we have alre.aily noticed as evistinu' lutweeii Kiiii;' William's Land. Oshorn and \V\iiiiiatt's I'artiies!. and I'eel's Sound; hut. aL,'Min we ask the (pie.-lion. l/air iliil tlufi iji I IhiiU ' Sot ////•(//'_(/// I'll Is Sdifiiil : il is r/iisiJ. Hnl iissiiiiiiiii/ 1/ (i/irii, ir/hi/ iihhii'fiihiil I'ur i/onii/ i/oirii il. ni \S{r> nl/oi/i ///rr iniliiKiii'ii. nil J lo I'jijX'iirintci' iiurroii', irlini lir Wiis ilirrrlnl lo llir soiilh- insl 11/' Cii/ir U iili>'ii\ nri r /,'/(■ irnlr s/nu'r lir/in'i'n il niiil liiiiiks' l.iiiiJ f Il is most iihju-olhihli'. I5ut. holh sides ol' il and ol" l5arrow's Strait have heeii searched and no traces t'oiiiid. It is closed, and t hci-e ends it. \ol hji llillot' s istriiil . or irc shoithi Imrr lininl of tlii'ni iil Furij HiiiiJi. Whence tlieu *? \\ C have already show n, \ i/.. A// ///c .sY/v/// iiii/iiiili 1/ I's issiiiih/ J'roiii Milrillo Siiiiihl. 11 r Imrr ,iu 1 riilnirr llnil till' ships ciniii' Jroiii tlir iiortliirnril . uuil irrrr irrrr/rril in tins cirriini- srrihi-il linn. 11 1 Jo not tliiiil> iJuji I'-i rr : lull if Ihiij irrrr. tliij/ issued J'roiii till- u-ist thi-oiiijli this slrnif. We cordially ai:;ree witli Dr. I\aiu''s t'losinix ohservatioii: " J'ln ir loiolitif is iilisnlntili/ siirfoinulnl III/ snirclicrs. i/ii l>j/ somr hismitnlilr Jiilnlili/ t/ir Sfr,ir of tlir Irin/nlif liiis iitrir liiiii riiiclird .''' Sad as true, and strange as sad. '• l'ro\i- diMU'c rules, but man alone misrules."' •lune 'J;\ \ny.\i. ' inri'i'ina- WvillliMll SilMlt'l'Sct 'M williiii liii;^, l(> ji arty iVom I hey liavc )scr\at imi William's It'ssiiii^' (if In- al)(>\t' D'l'i'or 111' loliccil as ,'y imiatCs inll, //lur 'ii (/. /Ill/ it//iii/i //irr //ir siHil/i- /r.v' /.mill i" i\'.s Si rail lu'i't' ciiils // III /'iirif l/ic slniil iliiirr lliitl IS ctrniiii- /ii'if i. SSI I (I I with Dr. II mill lull il lir li'iii/nli/ '• I'rovi- \\\\: nt" lilt" JJo'-ll (;.'n-n.|.liical Soci..|y» (Vuii. Capl. Ifirjianl., K'.N, (|at,. nf Sir I'MwMril lirlrl.rr'M l'A|M.||i( inn ) lir rx,H.|lin„.v nf .lrs,,ali.|n.i- a vessel al ...,.t in .scarrli of llir ivlirs nf /,V,A,;v ami 7) mn- <'n|.l. Ki..|,ar.ls says; '• I ihink ,,it,|„,, ..f ,|„, ,|,,,,,,, ,,,„,,,,^ ,^^.„|^, ,; H.li.|.l....l- on.. In KiiiiT William's la.i.l hv I!. Iinii..'s Si rail a'^s |,ri,- |><'H.>.I l.y Capt.. CMlliMsnii; a,i,.t.li..r, llirni.^d, lliMlsmrs Sirail l„ .I{<-|.-'1^<' l^v;aiiii a (liinl, ||„ ,/;, l.-.iira, l,.r S,„„i.l („ \W\ Chaimrl (Soiimir) n- I'riii.v lir.^ruVs liilrt. Ca, I,. |{i,.|,,,ds rive. (I,,, pre- iere„n- lu tl„. Ias(, "as „„ u'ssrl lias reaelie.l ('apt. C.ll, 's li'H lies! II, niir srasni,, aii.l In .In i| i„ t u,, ^,,,,1,1 ,., ,„,,„| , |„, ,, ,,„,,,.,,^ •■""' '■'''"'<•'•< I"" |"'Hpl.. milil for s.'airliiii- l,v .le.l-es." ji,. pn,p„M.s a sereu wsscl („ p,.,,,.,....! .Inwi. I'.vl ( liaiiiirl, as Car as p.-.s,!,!,.- l.uL .sl.oiil.l II 1... i„ipra..|i,.al,|,. (ul.ieh, I,., says, I,,. ,|,„.s n..| hrlirve, tlieu |"i(. Miesliipuid, 111,. iiri-lilMmrlH.u.l nnireiiHuril I5ay;" rrnn, I li..|„v '•""""••'Hv trav.'lliii- ..peratii-Ms. |5„tli si.lcs ..f I'.. rc|,ai,i„.| as lii..|, .•.H Km- William's l-an.l ami (iuL'shra.! Islaii.l, mnsi I,.- ,.xp|,.reil •" f M..^ ships ,.r I heir \snrks are ,i..|, Inuml, n.nlii,,.,. lhe s.Mr.'h t., ''^'""''■'•'' '•"'■""'■ • ■ Ai.nlli.r pnrli.m will sri. ivmaiii 1,. I,., rxa- ""■i.-.l. Crlw.vu ()sl),,rii aii.l Wyiiiiiatt's I'arlli.sl ih.^iv Is a spaiv of sixty miles ( IL'O ..r i;{(») ; M/.v >uiii, /ir n si mil ; . . ,t ,s p,,...s,l.|,. Miat. I'raiikliii may ha\e pass.'il In H,,. s,,iil h-wesi, of Cap,. \\ alkiT : • "'"' '"•••" '•'"••'^'■'l III' '"•'•'';■• li.'<'imelu.|..s, '-Thrn. isaeoiiuetmn 111 my mm. I, am.niiitiii- |„ .■..rtaii.ly, that th," fat., ol' j'raiikJiii woiil.l he solv...!, aii.l t he remains „f his ships In.m.l." Tl.r iv,i.„im..mlal iims eonveyeil m tins I.M t..r an- in 1 1,., ri^rhi ,|iri el ii.ii ; hiit, u,. tlnuk i'.rl S.Min.l ist,. heavoi.h-.l, imtu il hstamlin- Capl. Ki,.|,ar.|s's inere.lnlily Ifuv at, hom.. an- (,. .■re.iil as facts uhal <>nr Aivli.- ..xpinnrs tell i,". we im.st heli..v,> \W\ Chaniu-l is a sonml, Ih.Mv ,s m, pa....a^r., ,„ ,|„! .siv heartily joiu with this lal,.|.l..,| oHi,.., i,, ihiukin- that in er Jihont tlu.re "the fute of l''raiikliii wouj.l |„. sohni." At the in,.elin.r just imlii-,.,!, Sir Ko,l,.ri.-k I. .Miir.'hison iva.l a * S,.(. " IV..,r,.,linf.s of th.. i{.n;,l (l..oirr..i,,l,i,.il Snri.lv, ls:,(;- \„ j^ ,, .,, . Mis,., " \„t,.. „i, the lute Arctic Kxiic.liiion.," I,y Ca,,t." Slumrd i^Anm^ UN ii'i'l., \\. 101. ' ■■ ' II eaii •.Mil- lie slirak^. 432 l'l,\NS Ol SKAI.'CII I'.Ht Sli: .lOIIN II! WKI.I.V. !: ; tiM'morial iuldrcsstMlln liord I'aliiicr.stoii.Jinicr)!!!, iSod, nri^riiicriiiiotlicr ivxpcdifion mi llic tolluwiiii; ■^nniiHls, • -"' 'riic iin'iiiorialists' belief Hint < lie inissiii^r ships, . . (ir their reiiiaiiis, ai'e still frozen up nt nil iji'eat tlistaiiee tVniii (he spot whence eeilaiii relies of Sii- .K)liii Franklin and his crews were obtained by \)v. Kae," and ''llie desir- ableness of sendinij out an expedition to satisfy the honour of the «'oiintry and clear n|i a mystery wliicii has excited the syiupatliy of the civilized world;" the belii'f held by eminent men here and in Ainei'ica that some may _\et sin-visc. A nd aUndinfj; to the late expedi- tion under .Mr. .\nderson, the memorialists observe, " No land expe- dition down the I'aek Hiv(>r . . can satisfactorily accomplish tlie end . in view ; . such a search as can alone be . . tho- rouf^hly accompli.-hed by the ei-ew of a man-of-war." The routes of search ai'c then indicali'd, by l>eln'ini,''s Strait aloni; th{> coast of America — lieuiiit lidet. I'eel Soinid, or across iJepulse Hay, and tlu! " narrow anil circumscribed area" to be searched; concludiuLj, '' We earnestly pray that it may not be left to the efforts of individuals of another and Ixindred nation alreacli. i.r.. between the meridians {).'>° and lOlP W ., not sulliciently extended westward. Lord Stanley of Alderley replied, "The head of the Admiralty was of opiinon it was much too late that season, but "was fully disposed to take into his most serious consideration, whether it might be desirable to do so. As long as any hope remained of rescuing our bravo coun- trymen, . . strong reasons might bi' urged for fitting out another expedition; but when \\h' oidy object was the obtaining details and information, it was matter for gr;;ve consideration befoi'o the (Joveru- ment undertook such responsibility." iNovendx'r 121th. l!S"H), liieutenant Pirn, in a paper reail bi'fore the Koval (leographical Society, };roposed a " I'lan for furtlii'r Search * Soo t)i(' Tiiiiex, July Ititli, IA7>(\ • fcr iiI>o, Lord Wrottcsk'y's AnnivtTKury A(l(lrt'» to till" Kiival Socirtv, i). ct'inbcr 1, lsr,(.;. x'liff llmt. t'rn/.cii up ' Sir Jolm the (Irsir- tiir of till' mpiitliy ot" Tc ami ill k' cxjx'di- liiiid cxjic- iiplisli tlic . . llio- ' routi's ot" * foasl of V, illlll tlio iui;, '• W'v ividualfi of ;liia cause, il, to iiialvL' cd out by tliirty-livo •ors of the ' Eraukliii, sloy in tlio iiKMit liad b till' aira tweou llio wfstward. ilty was of lisposi'd to f desirable rave eoun- ut auother details and le (lovern- before the ii'r Seareli AnnivcrHnry ''"•7" '■'"""' --'^'i''M-.iiii".nL !„,.„.,,,,,,,, I™ ;,,.•' ^^..rt,„.,„,,,. ,,,,,,..,,;,,,,,,,. •^,,,^,,;--^ 1-.H) .. ..■n.li,.,,, »„„.,. „„ v,.sti,,. of I,„„„,„ ,,„,„,,„ ,„„, „.!„„ ,,,„„, c::T'''"''r:':f'""rr "-'""'■ ■ ■ ^'-^ '7'"S^ . . "t,.ml 111.. »,,u„l,,l,nn, bull,, i,l,,,tl,o„ouil,l ;:: Willi::; st'"';' ""t "t-"-^" "'■"■■'"^"» '^'™'- """"■''■"■'■■ - '■>|H.s 1h.t II,,. .M„j,.,u., (l„v,.,.,„„oHt iv.mlj li,i„k il d„„ t„ tlm .""....• of u ,^,,,t ,.o„„t,., like li,.i,„iu „„t ,., al„„„|„„ „ ,,„t ,;:,, ;° Moot tlK. «.!,..» .,r l|,„ »l,i|,» ,„ul ,„.„|,„blv liml tl,.. l„..bo„r&c . \„nc„, ob»c.,.v,,t,.„s «,« ,„ad,_. by ,„c,„bc.,.s; o„o parti- . "iarlj- o,,ut„.„c.,l ns„,„»i t|,, „,;. n,,,, „,■ P.,! .s„„„j_ „ ,^ ' ,^^ to ,.vo „c,.,»l,., a. Back Kiv..,.. vi.., ll„.„„„,, „ .,t,i ,„„, .^Lu (-■nshvanl tmi,, Jlolvilk. SouikI. " m.U> In , t ,0 /V^a-t against the o.vtcnsim, „r any assistanco luuiunnis . . to so preposterous a seliemc. . n,.s iraut.c sehome," .t says ;-" AVe are really so side of the subject " ^c-aui .t nught have added, "so iguorant of it too;" W .'r oarUeh^.va.,t by replies Iro.n Lieuteuaut Pi.u, Capt Colliu , ' .md h r KodiTU'k I. 3rurcIusou, in which we think the Tunc fel w Mac more sniinhied >n tone. 13ecen.ber Sth, 185(5,: a xnuted plan of search was proposed to * «cc "Proc'eodings ol s(> routCH, ■\v(! liavo no lailli in either. Hut the year lS,j(; waned, it eoiimienced in sorrow and doiilit ; (he ciii hoiii) cry, ho unbecomingly :ind iiijudicion.sly raised when ho little remained to be done, to<»l\ ell'ect in one iiiordiiiale and conliimed yell ; still it did not daunt tlu! humane t'roiii their I'eeliuL,', or (he scientific from (heir duty. If our ancestors had i'ncouraj,'ed this vclpiiiL; cry (»f the laj;u;iniif, the sordid, and the cowardly ; should we have known au matter of our forsaken countrymen at rest. We have an abomination to the cheeso-pariuij; system. The (hMnurra!.,'(! paid for the ustdess idlinu; of our transports in the HIack Sea. would have more than paid for exj)editions from the east aiul the west. Jleijardin}^ risk of life, this has been so ot'teii spoken of and disposed of that we need not add more than the remark, there is risk of lite everywhere, at home and abroad, in all professions, trades, SiK\, less, ])erhaps, in the Arctic regions than anywhere else. We wojider such * .Si'f " .lounitii of the \{o};\\ Oeogrnpliicnl Societv, iHIlfi," vol. vi., p. 38, Sir .Tolm iiii'linnlsoti's pimi. t Vi/W., l^.'jO, vol. 2(5, p. ('fix. Tfio Intc Aiiiiiii'iil Itci'dn y's AiiniviTKiu) AtUii'fss I cr.nsi; or tiii: vi;»u iM.'jd. IM5 Mtltl . liltl*' I y.-ll ; (Miiilic ; cl-y 111' known islirry, \i« I'on- hcyontl if expo- o those t in tor- us, "of i:i>itc(l t \Vt> aiircly world, eiinnot irt imw t. Wo lurrai^o . would i; wost. Ilisposi'd V of Id'o lU'r such I k 38, Sir A'Uliv*^ folks lire licit iifriid to livcou our i^diUld. lost it slmuld ho Huhiin>rp;c(l ; wuoli would koop our sailors sit homo luid hurn our ships hi'oiuiso of tho risk nf Hniuu; iiilnal. 'I'lic (in\ri'uincii(. il will have Ikm'ii seen, in its rdii.liifi nitlicr ri'tardfd than advauccd tho tiual cllort in soaroh ot iMir l(ni<,'.niissiii!4 couulrynn-n. ()|i!uion.s wvrv still strong ainoni;st iiicu of the liii^licst, autliMi'ily. that soinr of thnn liiiLjht still ho ali\o. 'I'ho late Admiral Sir l''raucis l^-aufort says, in a lottt-r to ('apt. Colliuson, ■• The rciiiaius of audthor hoat must still he sought; tho vosti;,'fs of separate parties will, I trust, yet he t'oiuid amoiiL; tho Ks(|uimaux, of men wlm, without tho luoaus of tra\olliuL,' u|ithe .Mae- kon/.ii>, or of i'mssiu^ to the Kiissiau settlements, have aeoojitod life anil food at the hands of some of the native trihos." * A^'ain, "wlu-n wo relleet on the I'aeility with which sailors ada[it themsi Ives to new hahits, ho must ho ii very incredulous person who thiuhts that at this moment several of «iur ahandonoil and almost forj^otton countrymon are sheltorin<^ tiu'insolvos in snow huts, swallowinj; morsels of frozen seal or walrus, and at the Hivnu; time chi'\\ini4 the hitter oud of thoir country's want of j^ratitudo, want of faith, and want of honour."t Jhit wo must eoiicludo the year; \\i' cannot do hettor than in tho words of that venorahlo authc^rity, J5aron Alexander von Jlumholdt, in a letter to Jjieutonunt I'im : '* Is it |)08sihlo that, after so many goiu'rous saci'ilioos made hy two nations of the same race, liavinfj; in llioir possession part of the pro|)orty' known to helon;^ to tliose victims of shi|)wreck ; after haviiij^ reduced to such a small spaci' tho country to be searched — is it possible, I repeat, that they do not add a last olfort, perilous as is everything!; f tlic M issiiig Arctir Kx|it.(litiiiii," I'jr l.iciiti'iiiiiit I'ini, |i. IS. t P'id., p. '.V>. '_• 1 -J ['M\ CFrAPTKU XIX. WcollMrriv's l'f,V\ MU. IIOKI'.I t'K lir.l'oitT — Mil. N'M'lllt — IIIK DEcrsioN or TMV, 11(11 sn nr (.'ommons siii itdDiiitn k i, mi it- ciirs(tN AM) riii; iinvi, i;\ i'i.ih iion — iiik •'!(>•«," cai-i'. mn i.in- TOCK, SAIJiS — I,ASr M;\VS com 1,1 sIoV. 1S57.— TiiK inorn of Ww, new yciir aroHo — gloomy, Iml willi il rcnowcd Hopo cainc llitln'rto the (•iiiii[)aiii(»ii of Coiiircl iirc, slic liiul Wimdt'i'cil, ti'iiipliiii^ tlie bt'iircr.s ol' siiccdiir and of sal't'ly to llic barren North. Clianci" revealed llio error; slio now waved her "•^(tlcU'ii wand" over the ne^deeted Sotitli, li;,ditini,' up tliat ftacretl areu winch Jieason had never k'ft ; still she was wayward. .Fanuary (5(h, 1S.')7. — A nienioranduin or ]daii was laid before ilie Lords of the Admiralty and tlie Koyal Ge(iu;ra|)hieal Soeiety, from Dr. M'Cormiek, H.X., entitled, '' Heasons for the Kenewal of the iSeareh for further traces of the l''ranlvlin Kxpedition," e and despair, . . cling naturally enougb to what, I fear, must now be considered a delusive hope — that survivors will be found; rr /mpc, nvvrrlhelcss, lulil out, not lnj the tncu'pc vie need kikI loirejlevtinij (iJuiir, but hij those whose position ami jiidijinrnt yive iiijhience and ii-ei(/hl to their opinions^ lie then remarks on " the area to bo searched for records, . . now reduced to . . within tho parallels of 07° and 71°, . . and tlu; mi'riilians of 91° and 100°, and gives the routes by wbicli it may be approached. After discussing the merits of each route, ho says of jMelvillc Sound, " // is not navigable, . . beitif/ beset with stupendous ice, . . land low with Ojlf'-lj/ing shoals at the bottom, about fi ft g miles (120 or iJiOr") of which was not ejcplorcd but supposed to be eontinuou-t. Peel Sound" was exann'ned to lat. '.i" (180 miles beyond this remains unexplored) but holds out little 2)ro8pect for the passage of a shi[), from the character of its ice, tide m'coiimick'h pr.AV. 487 ir.n— TiiK < 1. Ml li- T. M'( I.IN- ut willi it .(•(lire, slu' iVly to llif WlWfll lu'i' that rtiicreil bi'loro the )cii'1y, tVom •wul of tho Tlu'iuitlior, lx'I'v of till.' ■"'and llio st country- 'iiliiroa tuid )i'()st'cutioii . . Tlio tWL'cn lu)|»o , murit now 11(1; " //"^'f', cth};! alone, d iir if/Ill to curclu'd toi" lis of 07° and s the routes •rits of eai-li be ill!/ Jiodls at the Xjilured hut inod to lat. out little ita ice, tide ll^ niarkw, 9n\ ; but " would b(> favourable for sledt^in^ over." llo^eut'rt Inlet "• appears t<» him tlu! iiutsf proiiiisiiu; of all the aveniies of n])proaeli to the area of 'careh." lie tlierefore Mu^'i;esls, "a Hiiiall vessel . . should proceed down that iulot as far as Hrentford Hay, and tho vessel beinj; seoured, a boat and »Ied;;e party |)ass at oneo throii;^h tlu; Strait of Hellot, explore the eoast of Moothia down to the Magnetic I'olo, from thence, crossinj^ over to Cape l''eli.\, eir- cinnnavi''ate the shores of IviiiLT William's Land bv boat or sledw." IIo adds, " Within the area to be searched for records, 1 do i; t, for one moment, expect to ilnd either the ErrlntH or 'rrrror. I sliould just as soon look for them at tho South I'oh- as KiiiL; William's Laud. 1 nm nevertlu less fully aware that this is by no means the /general impression." Dr. M't^ormiek asks how the.s(> ships <^nt there ? "If l*eel and Melville S inds are never navi^'able, through what ehamiel conid tho ships huvi' passed? luiless they hav(> anticipated the disco- very of 1 Ik- Norlh-West I'assaj^'c by |)enetratiu;jf Prince of Wales' Strait. Ilethen iiupiircs, " What were they doinj» during tho interval of four years, unaccounted for, from their departure . . from IJeechey Island to the discovery of the relics at the mouth of tlm (rreat Fish liiver ? Is it possibli' that, in any position these ships could have been placed in, soiitli of Jiarrow's Sfraif, . . four years would have been allowed to elapso without nu attempt to communi- cate with the Hudson's Hay Company's settlements? and if such an attempt had been made, can we reasonably sup])(ise . . not one should have succeeded ?" Jle thinks " it is more f/iait rvrr pro/id/i/a that Fniii/tliii, . . Jiiiifiiir/ himself liajjlftl in all his allciiiptx to prncfrafc to flu- noitllm-ard and ircs'firard, attoiqdrd the second course pointed out in his Instructions— the WeUini/ton Channel, and that tho forty men came down that channel, and revisiting IJeechey Llaiid, found the boat and cache left there as a precautionary measure by J"'ranklin in case of disaster to his ships." The tent-circles at t'a[)0 Kiley, he thinks, were not a magiu'tic observatory, but "the tempo- rary encampment of a travelling party, watching for a favourable opportunity of ( ,'ossing Harrow's Strait. , . Jiri/enCs fnlet and l^ecVs Sound, lieinij ei/ui-distant, would either of them lead to the Great Fish Hirer." lie concludes: "Such an expi'dition as pro- posed ivV/' Ht'llot's Strai',. in conjunction wit !i an overland one down the Great Fish Jiiver, appears to combine the elements of success," and volunteers to conduct it. Our remarks must be few, having already noticed the route jiroposnl us // the channel icc hare indicated to thu wmmmmt^ i ° o 438 I'l.ANs or sr.Aitcii idK sill JOHN nt.wki.iN. holtOni (if Milrillc Soiiiiil (i> I lo" \V., i. <•., tti llw mrt'cfli'tl cusfirn ll'illi (>/' iri/iuii(i//'s, (till/ nil III (l-: III' (liif :iii(l liciicf liis loiiif ilclciitiiMi. 'I'liis was lorcfdlcl, l)iit not Ljiianlfil aijaiiisl. And liriu'i' llic dillifiilly oi" Iraciiin his rctri'iilin^' parties. Tliat a pari v was si'iit Id liccilicy Islaiul sccins pi'iihablc; lull, ifllii'v readied tlieri', liow is il tliey letliii) recoi'd r Aii- «)llier :na_v liavi' l»eeii sent h\ I'riiiee ol' Wales's (Strait, to ilie Mac- kenzie; wt" knowmie was reported to t lie iiortli of Kiii^ William's I. ;i ml. The fate of all these is a mvslery ; Imt- may they not be traced in the riiiiioi/rs ahiiiif llic Mdckcnzic, at lldijiirlli Inlcl, mul til J/iui/rcnl Jsliniil .^ We do not think h'raiikliii ever attein|)led the north hv any rou'e. As to tho boat and ciirlic left at Ueechey Island, it is a siip- p(/silion founded on tlu< assiiinplioii that he went up Welliiiu;ton 1 iiaimel, which we think he ilid not, liecanse we havo no proof. Hci:;ent's Inlet and I'eel's Sonntl are about eipii-distaiit from Cape liiley. and ihei'efore is it the more surprising that it should besnpposi'd that i'l-el's Sound was ado[)tcd for retreat and succour, when Fury IJeach was Ko r.ear at haiul. We cannot seiMvhal^ »)bject the ])artv' coidd have in adopt inu; that roiiti' whicii conid m>t be better accom- plished by Ivencnt's Inlet, 'i'he fact is, ///c iiarli/ Iraccil In Mmilicul JkIiiiiiI dill Hill cniiii' ilnirii PciTs Sni/iiJ iiilicli Irxx is il prnliiililr ll/nl tlic tihipti iliil liiil ciniii'frniii llic iinrlli-ici .tlie (Ircat Fish River, and whether they intended to despatch it :i.s earlv as tlu I St .M ll'eh Sir Ciiaries W am »1V l>e w ho had A vear on I he N i\ \ had reonniii' le ( 'ollUiilt ■ III W hich meUrrctU* ll\iil ex|ii(lii ioj.i. Uti kiUtl .--litililii ihi! t»e fi'lilji willl* I @ O IIOISI. (»[• (•()M.\li)NS. i:V.) «'ut iiu ."sti.nalr of the ..x|u.nso h,.injr |,|,i „„ tho tablo, and tluy l.a.l •'"< vr( ,I,ruK.,l wlu-lluT an f.stiiuat,. wc.ul.l 1.0 pivscntnl lor tlu- pur- I'ol.niarv I 111,, 1s,-,7, a l,,u,.,. appcarr.! in (h.- 7V/,u.v iV.m. Cr.- l:iii. S. Oshurn.t iurU^sUv^ an oxlract In..,, a h'Uvv, .lal.Ml Kr,l Kivrr 'VUl..Mu.M(, 'In.lHOM-s IJay T.«m(..ry, l„ tlu- ..llirt thai, an cxp.vss M.a b.vn sent to .Sir (Jn.r-,. Simpson In.ni Mr. An.ln-son, in .Ma.- hi-m.u limv di8ln<-t, "statin- tl.at Indians iiad l.n.n-I.t over r.«p..rLs <" oniM.i flu. tnulin- posts in tluii .piarlrr, tl.at Indians ha.l scvn hvo or ii.orcrncampn.ontsoi- whites on an island on s.mho point wIuto An.K.rson and .Slew.nrt l.MMU'd badi (IS,-..-.;, and tl.at ono was .p.iio n-sh, supposed to l,ave luvn aba..doi,..,l a day or tsvo I.elo.v the Iml.ans saw d ■ an.l, iVo.n (i.e l.-aees. thoi.oht the.-e ndj^^ht have been Hl.....t ten or twelve men." .Sir (Je«..--.. Si,„pso,. and Mr. .S.nill. «.r.vta.y ol the Hudson's May (Company, denied the truth of these n-p<'rts,and .•« .•o.,t.-..ve.-sy c-ns.ied, i.i which 1),.. Kiufr and .Mr. Isboster <<'ok part. The ..np,-ession left was, that tl... Msqui.nau.v we.v i.i |m.s.se.ssio.i ol .Mlor.nati(.n as to the fate of the F.-aiddin Kxpedition. The belief was -encral about this time that the (JovcTument would aond out an expeditio.i to sea.-ch the ..arrow held yet u..exan.ined that .s. from Peel's .Sou..d to the sonihwa.-d t.. Ix in;,/ William's La...l H.ul Monti-eal Island; but it seems fn.m what follows, the (Joveni- ""•"< never had any suel. intention. Febniarv 2.'^, J\|,-. Napier (.M.l». for D.d.lin) .-alh-d the .attention of th,^ llouse of (Vmnnons "'"<'••• ^-onn.n.nieations with Her Maj.-sty's (Jovenunent .vspeeti...^ the I'rankln, Ivxpedition, and the nr-ent .notiv,- of the elaiin for u iurther and eo.uph'le s.-areh." The hono.nvd.l. ;;e,.tle,uan made a pmnr/nl apprul in fa mm- of a Jhud r.vpn/i/io,^ iu whi.-h 1... was s..pp...-ted by C'.apt. .Seobell, M... Liudsav, .M,-. .M. Mih.es ^jr Wh.t,.s,de,and .M.-. W. .). Fox, a.ul opposed bv Sir ("ha.-les Wood, woo e^neluded h.s obse.-v.-,t ions by ,sayii,i,r, '• lie was most m.willin.r ' <" m.-ui any fresh responsibility with re-janl to that expedition, and v.as ol,l,-ed to say that Her .Majesty's Gove.Mnurnt eonld ..of .nv :my eneou.-a.^M,„„,,t ,<. ,),.. j,,,,,,,,,,,, ,„ ^,.,,,, ,,,_, ,,,,^^, ,^^,_. ^.^j,,,,,;, ,;,, „ '" ^'"' ^■'""•'"^ ''*• \vas jcined by A.lmirals WaleotI and Berkeley Air. !•:. Deniso,,, and Colnnel hvestun The motion uas withd.-awn' I" '•"''^'"^''■'rdnllyoserthespeeehe:, nude on thiso.vasion, we think tne ar-uiiK-nls rai.sr,/ >n/aiii../ the prppu.sili,,,, arc nul ,.l allr,i>n,li„ fora' lo (he poiarrfid r<,,snns imjnl i„ if., Jhroitr. Wn do ,H.t s. e ^uy 410 I'l.ANS OK SK.Vlin: FOR SIR JOHN' FR.VXKMN. :;;* refiTt'iico made to the original Plan and Instnicfions yivcn to Frank- Uh, nor is iinytliinf all the world uiiglit choosi> to think or say, resolves to pei-- sist to the end. determining to ])euetra,ti' the gloom herself, and clear the sad doubt existing as to tlie fate of her lost husband and his devoted companions. Well and truly was it said, " So long as the name tf Franhlin shall he bright in the annals of liritish heroism iritl the nnwriiricil divolion and cncrgg of liis widow be with it remembered .1 iim' liononri'i /."t April liTlh, 1.S57,J Sir Eodi-rick I. iMurchison, President, an- * Sec Tim.), Api-il 15, IS,'j7. t" 'I'liL' Aiinivcrsavv Adilrcss of thi' lute Karl I'lllosinovf ti) flu- Koynl Gcogra' jiliical Socii'tv, vol. 25, \\. Ixxwiii. (|, SiCif " Pnn'ot'diiiKS of J^oyul tiL'Ogrui)iiicHl Society, lo57," No ix., p. 1. DUPARTUIH; or Till, lOV.' 441 I Frank- ])rovisi()US, stores, and boats left at I'lirt Iieo|»()KI and Bceehcy Island by the recent searclii/iL,' expeditions are in gooil order, in the event of my liavinfi; to fall back n|)(in them; examine the state of the ice in Peel's Strait, and. if practieable, proceed down it into the iinfciunni ttrrit.f Should I not siiccc'd here, I intend to n^iirn to I'ort Leopold, and jiroceed down liei^ent's Inlet to I'ellot Strait, and liiere make another .•xttemiit to pass into and throiiL;!i Ihc! field of search to Victoria Land, where .1 shall winter, and in the ensuii'.L,' sprinj;, before the thaw sets in, coinplet(> the eiitin^ explora- tion and search l)y nutans of sledijes dr.'.wii by men and by doi;s. In endeavouring;; to reach N'ictoria Land, it is niy intention to avoid, if possibU', any risk of becomini^ involved in the ice; and should I not succeed in reaching;; Victoria liand, I will return to JJellot's Strait to pass tlu' winter, as \vl know by evpi'rieiiee that th(> retreat of tlu> ship from there amounfs almost to t; certainty. I'rom N'ictoria Land the lioni(>ward voyage is n/inil/i/ nrfuiii, luff hi/ wiii/ <>/' .litlir'nii/\s SI rail. . . Almost all will hv old shipmates of my own in former Arctic voyatfes. . . Volunteer oilers (if service iVom oMIcrs, ami seamen, and landsmen, are very nuincroiis, and as 1 have alrcadv secured the very bi'st of ///'//('/"/c/, so I ho[)e also to l)(> . .criinate with till' pirndniifl of till' expedition. I'hus, liaviuL!; all the means, I j^ladlv accc[)t the responsibility ; and no ellbrts on my part shall be wantini^ to secure the aceom|(lisliment of an object so earnestly desired by the great and good of all nations." Well manned, pi'ovisioiied, and e(piii»peil, Imt leaving Lady I'rank- lin, we fear, with serious iiabilitie;-, the Fox sailed from Aliei'deen July 1st, ]S,17, the wliole parly in tlie highest spii-iis. The last intelligence i'rom ('apt. .\l"('l;ntock is dated from ell' I'pcrnavik. August (Jill, to .lolin liai'iiiw, i'lxpj lie i^ays : — '"We ai'i' \(r\ comfortable; our prosisioiis are most e\rellenl," ami "1 am most III • S.' \ lilU'W, J lllll' t. Is- liva lo Ih' Scaivlii'il." Si'O Map to piuiiplikl,. "A Li'tt'-'p to \'i-r JUllt' ^I'ttlnuTstoii, k'.li., (Viiiii l.ailj I'raiik'iii," ISO". I'ApC- ,Vc Ill'l- liiitdt'ls, I k'ltci" ivcrpiidl Stmits. licopoltl ill L;i)t)il (>x!iinii>o ftl down lltfiul 111 t.) \M\oi ()ii'j;h IIh' (I ill lli avoid, it" uld I not. Strait 1<) at of tlio iiria 1-aiid ill foriiici' ic'i's. and alrradv lie wivh 1 -ladly waiiliii'j: led b\ lli>' ly l''rank- lAlMi'dccn ■riu- last p(i'iia\ il\. WW \ir> am iiio>l' Id Vi^'uliuti fON'lU'SION. 443 I i Ibrtunaio in my ofTu't'i's and iti'w : :ill deserve tiiv praiso nlllie." Tlu'V had olitaiiu'd an Es(|uimaii.\ and tliirty do;j;8. Tims tar liad pi'oi^i'fssrd llic ''little Fox'" on ilie '• linal searcli." We can now only rest, trust ini; to ///'/;/ who <;iiides lliul .s/ar which her (.'ommandor has before invoked -'" L((t(f T/iuk iis oii"- to bless him and the ellorts of his brave little band with suecess. That they will " pi'i'sc'vere to the end" we have no doubt. We do not think ('apt. M't.'lintoek will be cnaliU'd Id (jrf lu the, soiitliW((nl Inj I'l'vl's Huitiul, for rt'ctnuns which ire hurt' f/imi, but thr uiincarclicd sjxicc iiiitji he rravhetl bji Jirllot Siniii. JVr hare no expectation that the reiHainn of the ships will be found alont/ the ircst eoant of /ioothia, but ire hare t/reiit hope of the search, if extended to the north-west from /um/ IVilliani's Land to Jfelrille Sound, and west to the 110^ \\., the eorreeted limit of Mr. ll'i/nnialt's exploration from the irest. In this strait, or at the liottom of Meltille Sound, Vjion which we have felt it onr dntji so eonfidenlhj ami so eoiifiiiiKillj/ to din II, and which we think n-as the line of route ailnpled bij the retreatimj party from the 13rebus and Terror, and the source of Jiae'ii and Collinson's floating relics of the Franklin Fxpedition — in or about here, we think, the ceil irill be uplifted which ham/s over the sad mi/sterif of the north. llavint;; recorded, to our belief, all that iias l)eeii said and done r(><;ardinj; the original Plan and Instruetions for the unfortunato voyaj^e, to aoeomplish whieh the laintnted l''rankliii and Cro/ier, their hapless oilieers and crews, were despatched in Is 15, and from whieh they have not returned; liavint;; pointed out tlie causes' to which we owe the failure of all the aitempts of our searchinst truthfulness, seekiiii;; no man's ill ; having; shown that our sailors liavc^ u me their duty, that theii- heroic t'ortitude and perseverance, their enthusiasm and kindly-miMdedness under privation an, I sutl'eriui,' are above all praise, we close this mournful subject, but .still not without hope. It has not been proved that all are ijone, and there is no rea.'-ihijor thiin,iiii/ tlml ua Fiujlishuian ciinrnd exist '' when: Fsijulmanx do lire out a Ji/ir period re, .'o the fiitare, and .^houlil even the jiresent attempt fail if saecess, ire have no doubt there irill ever be iniinh/ hearts to rciiew the search, until the J'ate if these U'dile-niinded, chivalrous J-'iii/lishmen is knoini. Ado|)liiiL,f the Words of Sir Kuderiek I. .Murchison,* the fast frieiuj of the lost voyagers, " Let it be therefore impressed on the jmblic mind, that allliouuli the area, on ihesoullurn edL,'es oj' \^ni^•h Knuf • Si'.' Sir liddriirk J. Miii'i'liiMiii** Aiiimxr^At^ A'i'li'dn, l!"ja» *it>»j;r:»|>Kiv«I 111. I'LANS or SKAnciI FOU Bin JOHN FBANKLIX. of Franklin's people were last seen, lias been approached, mid can be easily aj^'ain visited by sliips, it has never yet been examined; and also, that thowgli it be to tho south of many tracts formerly pene- trated, yet is it so cut off by impenetrable! wilds from the nearest parts of North America in which food can bo obtained, that by no exertion eo(dd any survivors of the Errbtts and Terror be saved, except by sending,' out a well-found ship or ships to the points near->st to such insulated Esciuimaux (piarters. . . May (iod crown their etlbrts with success ! ]\lay M'Clintock and Ins compaiiiotis f/ither the laurels they so tvell merit in their noble endeavour to dissipate tho mystery which shrouds the fate of Iho Erebus and Terror ixmli their crews!" To which wc add, Ameu. \m n •ill 115 APPENDIX. At a hitc nioptiii linvx\ r'„ i • , ., . IJ . k, „o „ l,,to o a m„tt,.,-tl.,. |,l,v,i,al ,,,,.,,,,,1,, „,• , .,,, „„|__ . „„„t,. to 1„. „„iv,. e,u.,..y a„.l „„.,.„„„.,| , ,,. . ;,,'j,; K.U.V >.l,o „„,.o.,l,,l, M, isa), i„ ,,„i„i„. a »„„„,,|,at l,i,.|H ■ lalit . ,; W, ".V" 'T"" ''''"''"' '"^''■■'''■'■'- "•^■' Hn-„;.l S fit wi, ,"■' " " "'■''"• ""■'■" "''''""■•' '" '•'■""■ >.n. mk ue. \V,tl,r,.s,„l ,„ ,:,, „,,,,t ..|„„„b,.IJ, ,L,.i,.r.",li„,,v,av,l I M-an:;':;'.'" ,:"''■'' '"; "'■■"•™ -" • -''■'■ '^--i-.!. . '^ . K ,0 „„,. I, ,at,u„U, J>,.. „;„k „b,,,,,, ^,„„, ,^ i, ,,,„,„, '" ''" ' " »• '"''.'■ '»■ ""1'" ii..> :..i.'ri.a- „r „ „r,i;.. (i,,,,," ';r, ••!»..'■•-'.• ;—"U,Wn, ,„„„ .,1,,.,.,, AlUT ,.v|,]a„„„„ «„y i),.. Ka,„. ,|i,l ..,t ,„„i,.,. ,l,„o ,„,.„ll, i j;c.,,..„,Uj.,,,j. W,i,,,l tl,„ l,,,l,t,, Wa,„, „„i„.„|,L' .o la.t o. ll,„ Doctor ami otl.orx, i„ .oar.-l, oV ,l„. N„ U W, ' u, .»» ,s„,u,, to a.in„i „r .,„vr„i .^a ,„tio„ ..ni,,' ,,■„,„., ,t . . i.or „n,cvc.,ls ,„ ,li.ou»» the »c,,„ul |,„i„,, ..ana^ly, -ruln , l..UrS™" .,„,,„.,,,,. vo l„.,a, di.„.o,..,,.,l l,v ,„„.t„ ,!,„ . ..; ; .».M„„,I ,o 1,,. ,.i„ .,,,..„ b, a l,ran,.l, of,l„. v.M s,r,,„„ f, %„:, 1(> Vl'lTNDrV. |i ' iiialviiiL,' the iiKM'idioiinl oliHcrvaliniis tin- basia fi^r tlio cnnstnicliim ut' Ills cliiirt, IiJiil rccdursr lo tlit! incan between tliem and ll;e dead reckon iii'4, ilie latter boini; no less iban \M' (!" in excess; cdiisc- (|uently, beiniv v.e assume the lalitinb; of S()° 52' '.VI" X. as tlie I'ar- • hi'st iioint reached b_\ Moi'tnn.il is l)iit just tliat the (bstaiice travuUed by him on the 'JIth shouM 1)0 snl)jected to a (h-chiction, which will be obtained by havin;^ rcconi'se to the amount ol'ei-ror occasioned in the dead reckoiiiui; between the 21st and the 'J-'ird of June, and which will be louiid to amount to 21 miles in ')'*. The latitude of C'a[io Constitution will therefore be Sl^ I !■' \., instead of Si' 22'. After the reading of the pa[)C'r, a leuf^thened discussion took place, wliicli was sustained in an animated manner by the ("halrman, Sir (ieor;j;e IJack, Ca^jtain Collinsoii, and Dr. Armstrong, wIkj all sup- ported the views of tin; author. May Sill, IS,")8, the Koyal ( Jeographioal Society gave notice, that the Koyal awards *' I'or the Enconnigement of (ieographical Sciencci and J)isrovery" would bo ])resented to ('apt. Itichard Collinson, I^N., CM5., and to Professor Alexander Dallas Bache, of tlii^ United Slates, by the President, Sir Jtoderick E. Murchisun, at the Society's House, 15, Whitehall i'lm', ou May 21tb, ISuS. i i, I 117 fuctioM uf n-.c .Irad rf ; I'oiisc- !« the I'iir- •tfllVC'll.'d I'll will l)f It'll ill tlio md wliicli ' ot" Cii[)ii >uk |)laco, riiiiiii, Sir ) all sii|)- tico, that il SciiMioii JoUinsoii, 10 United Suciuty'd VOYAGKS A^^I) THAVELS TOWARDS TIIK KORTIf POLE. NU',— Wi ,|- „|. (jiji i,v,;jj,.„^ NK.— KasI- ok (illlKM.ANll. MS.— Tott«iii)s llKiiuiNos SiiiMr. hale. I I'.iii 7(?) i l:iH l.iiiii.'j |..ii,s.;tj IVI-i I....-, 1 ..-,(! l-'>t)7.77 ! ■.74.K) l.'.TH l.iNK l.-.H.', I.V.lO IliHI) llid.l llill/i llillli Ili(l7 |il(l7.H D'Kl'.l-ll liilil-ll liiil lill'j MU liilil liM'J liilll l();l|.2 mis l(i.Vi li;.'i;t l(;;,4 lii..7 Ii>ii7 ICIiM Uu{) Iil7li llill? 17(17 171.5 1781 xm I72VH I T-.'H 17,10 1737 17a» 1741 1741 1711 l7Ki 1-1C..7 1747 1758 nowi 17fi7.M 1778 1778 177,1 1777 I77K <''iilii)i,,liiiin (.'alinl, Si'liiisiiaii Cnllfll'lll^, I'liu < lUlllTH, riie t'ofuniulii WillollKlihy I'imiitvjliii' IllllTolllfU liillirit lliiiiiiim,'scii, .Mi,y,>ii I'll mill ,lui:l,inim DllVIH lliiiiiilz ami Vslaaiiil Nry, CiiriitliMuii V'i/.iaiiin WaviMoiith Clirrry Kiiii/lii 1111,1 Mall I.iiiili'iiaii, (iuiMic KirliaiilMMI lIuJiuii I'uuh, __ •' IIiiiIhdii .Majeii Itiiltdii (iilibcm 1'oIIm rl.y and llnlliii llylDlaiiil ilalliii AiiaiMs Miim'k,.Iiim I'ox anil Jiiiiien Uislimy I>anlrl,'l)iivi(l .Martinini'f (»tti> IVtsliKof • inisrlllKr iiillani iVxnlscn, OUi> \\iM)cl ;ni(l Klawcs (Mailin .\I 11X011 (iillus Markiit KKfili-, Hans JHi'frtiou, S W s w s w NW N\V NK N 10 NK N W NW NK N W SE NK \K NW NE NW XE NW NE NW N W M-: .NW .\ w .\K NW NE .\ \V NW lis X 10 NE NW NK NW \ W XK NE t NK NE X W X W J77.S lti'lMini,'(('hiiik(i|iin(l.S|)nnKl)t'rL') US I'aars and I.Hiulon .. \\v I.ltSSI'U .MiiiHviflaud I'uvloi l.aplicr Mid.lJctiMi Hrlirini; and Oiirikof, Hfllcr NoMizil(i( .Miiiir and Smith El til T.dsiyk and Vwlikof Vallui', I'., Olsfii l.cvacliMl-, (lklri(!,lin. ChiuliiiLH,) Kfiv'iitlen, 'I'leuiuKk Iliauiii HiMiino J'liipp. .. •• i.ani l'i.k,riKill (;..uk Ji'itr. i;«(i I ;^.'..!u I7MI.7 1 7.1N.U IT.S'.MCl I71AS 1>(I,) INK) IHII IMi 1>1.-,.1H |N|7 |N|7 1^1. • l-'l'.l iNllia:.' iK3u-a.i Inj.1 ]>-J\ iNL'i;.? l--,'7 |N-'H.:)l IN-JIKII lN3'.i-;il ls:t:).,j i.vio 1n;I7 Im;i7 IN.'W.-IO 1n;)!i ISl.j iNKi.'iO IHIU INI'J In I:) I,S11),-XI l.s,-,l) 1 «.■,(). 1 II, IloMd, liinclinn, 118 ll.S U.S NE IIS XW U.S US 11. s NW NB ns NK NW NW II.S |S,Ml.l 1H,".(I-| \inne. t'l'Tkc anil Kini; t'lieliakiil' jlillihK and Sarycljff Kifu.li and Kutliu .Mi'ar.H •Maikin/ie lll'MlLlaiMl Siinnikni' Ili'den.Hiiiini Chappcll nkin K"t/ll)MII llilclian (liinliey) K' '^s and raiiv. I'lury ' VaMlij.,|and Cliiolicicf ErankJin (l{i(|i;(r,lsi Haik) Iiiiku I'any, !.yon \\ iHiiKi'i; Anjo'j Scoicsliy Salilni. ('luvrrin/{ 1 'airy 1 ranklin (Kicliardson) liiccliiy I'arry, Cio/.iBi', Kuss 'iiftuli Vahl Kdss Ilii(.k(KinK) ■I'H'h.iiiart Hack 1)1 use and Simpson . . lljilir I'abiirr WiiniKi I NW NE NW HS NE NK NE NW NW US NE NW NE NW NW NK NW NW NE NE US Ki-lli-ti(.M,,ine, .lanii-s Koss and Itird Sliuddun liii'iiiii-dsnn, Kar Naiiiiclei-.s I'lillin (llniipcr) Eiirsvtli (SiMiw) AiisiHi, (iiiinian.v (Caloi I'liiii, .M'Clim.M'k) I'l'nny, Mewurl, Sutlicilii'nd linnneir.s Exp. (D,. n.iv.n and Kane) .lidiii lioss ami I'liillip, " .Miiiire and .\Iiik;iiii-,; iM'Cinre(Xortli.We»t I'asii uae Kenmily and llillut ('idlinsiiii IMrluT and Krllrti (Usl',,,,,, •M;(liiiio,k,.\|,,.i,,„„ ,.j,„j Jn,i;liladd(!>ntlifiland) i{ai- Kanr((;iinnill and PcaLndv) I .S, Exp. ditimi iUai-uUiii)' Hudson liavC'uiiipaiiv'.'i K.\ dilion(j\ndcPni,i VTIinioik, All. n 0»- «Kfj BS NW US N W XW US NW NW NW NW NW US IS.H NW NW US -SW N W NW VW NW and St.»jii sw NW Us I I>!1 KIST OF WOUKS ON AIICTIC SI IJ.IKCTS. Ilisri.iiii Wiiiliiiiiiia) Aiili'|ii> , ,\i'. lly 'I'. T'lr (ll'lC, Hy,,, |;iKi. r,,l,fl,lllll'll I Si'f iiIhi) II I'lipor liv SilinniiiliK in llir '.'l!i VhI. ciltl Ki..:,inliiivt.,lii' S.lkiibs Mini lir.'niil iil>M Siiliiii •. llhi.MV .i|' liriiiimiit ' 'I Iw Id nry "I Ain.n.'U I.) tin- N'.iiliui'ii iii liir I'. mil Ciiiiun, .M., i.,.i|>'<. lly N. I., li.Mmi>li, !•• U.S., »-.K .S.N.A. Hv.,. |--l(. I.indnn. Niii'tlipni .Aiilli|iiiilr«, ,M, \Iuilii ». \\\ I,, \. _iiImi|<»i||, i:m| -.vii, i-,i7, i,,.,„i,„i. N'lci.liii W iiiiiiiiiii |)iMri|iiiii Niuitathiiiis .Maris Ami, ri SiiiiiH t'."liiiii. "»■). I .V;), Jlii\l> . Ilii i"iiyiiiii« .Mruini run, ,Si'|i|riitiiii Nnvanii. i|iiiiH (Ziiii), Mm. liil.l. 1,111, 1,1. 'rii< ."itiiif. r.'iiMi, iti.'i;!, i.itj, t'l, l.''liiiirl>'< (III Ihr Viiyiiiii! Ill till Niirllii III ili'iiii ii'>irii,.il til till' Zci.l i.f \iiiiir, l,v .\illll / i|llllll,UIII. |n;i.-, ii/.i .Miltl rinl'i lltlll'lll' .Srlllir.ll'l. ,S.r., HJI' ilil'Hrllir Mil ziisli'Kiii, lly II Uii>liii, Nvii. Mil. 1 1/,/,! nil, im. 1.11 Navi^M'.'iii ilu S) il/.l.iir;-'. .|i .Iiii'iij l.ii,,iii,, llii. IlilJ. Aiiisli I'litiii, III sriiptin iiriiL'rii|iliir:i I 'in iiiiiiiis Ir. li in <'liiiiuiii i'- M'ii|ii4' r> nai'uiii .Saiiuiyi'iliiiitiii lio, llilll, .llfnft, ittim. PiM'tiiiti'i i !■ ii'ii, sii|ira lli'-liiiiii SiiviL.'iilluiiis ,M. |'riil,i-,|ii-ri ^\i>. l.'iNi. \ iiiemhrtif. ViiyoLT 1)1 ill' SililpvuiTt »iiii NiMirilih, iiiiitaiii.(H Nlll«l(/rll, lip NhoI|.( ll|l, |,l||l|llllf, Vlllllllllll, II 111-. Iiitiil,.|c Willi /.n',,>vi',, ill nil ilr ■.liiiU tiiii Na-'.aii, t'lt »,ii l,y ili riiii I i II, y. anno l-'.'.il in 'I '. ilmir .), II. I iii>i liutiii. liiliii, 111' 1 1 I'iniil./iivt. Dun Si'llrllli lllnuii .Nnvii i^iliiulll, sivr |li'i>ii'iiiii in I'l.iiiaiii I'l lii,|>ani Urii'iital' wi. Iii. |ll.ll. IliHSIII;/! II. i;r«lr Si>lii|i\iiiTl ih r 111. Hall. :i IS mur'iiiNt In iliiii liu.ir ill siiai'l Van WaualH, Sunlrn, Nor »t>'^!liiliiiii|, 111 livl run n III i'.|.iiiili'n>i u'lill li'v III i!«i'ii,>lii l-'ri'Miilii I', i: lit (n, N.ir.ltii) li'iiM'. .\ti.i rii'uiia'', I Ir., iiivr-iiitiuli 111 lliiil> 111, 111'. IM Hil:l. .1), Hit WIS \ iiyii: I > liMii'liilU! till' i'luc ,tii II K. Hvii, l'Ni|, (llalilnyl Snciily'), 11/ Jiiiili W ,liii ISill. /.i.;i,/» .\li ils 111 Si'lia^llail ( lliOt, Willi 111 ill .Miii'itlnn IliMiivii V. IKI-J W 111 W a railili;;r liiKiliry\ iii;^ \iiii \V. Man lit', iliir ,Si'\ liii.'li'ii, liy Niiiii li II, N(ii-vru'i'ii .\liiHrii\ia, I'll ill' 'rarlaiiii na ill Ui'iiyni.'rvKi ii uinl'ailiai, an ill' C'liiii il'i II' lit ill' \iii'. Ill I.Vi'.i. .ti. ,hi |i:ii, 'I'lii saiiii'. Iliiiiiiiin Niiiiliriiiii,»i iiDi «i ri|>liii .\ii\ It'iitji'iinni lliillaniliiniin I'l /I'laiiiliirnni Ilrlll. a (i. ill' \ irii, I iilii III Si'|ili nil Till' Kami' in llaii,iii Till' I.i's 'I'l'iiis NaviL'a'icili I.V.IH. imsti-iilii V. |il|i llHIi I '.I I, ^'I'llian, iiii'l i|. Ill T'lM' I'lii'li riiii's, iliu Diirrli liiliit ^wi'ii'lirii iiiiinliiiiil, iiinl .Viiii'i'ikii, »iii'l|. I lull n Hut iiIm lull SiIiiU'h, Ito, 111* I. Iliimhurii, Till' Mi'iii'. Ilii. Ki'il. Siiirmliii'ii. 'I 111' »iiaii,'(' mill ilanL'i'iiinH Nnyiui' ul t;u|i|. W . In Ilii iiilrinli il |i|> try "I 111! Ni.iili ■Kl I'.i^.ta^'c inlii llir ,Siiiii|ii'iii 1 It laii. Itu. l.i.i:i. ii/.i Aiiiiilii I' I ililiiiii l< III. /. iii Niiiiiiaii \iiya).'i' ilcs I'liyi Si'|ili iiliiniiiiiix, II i"il Ir IIM ill 1 I .l|li III-., Saiiiiiii'iii' Xiiiil lii'iiM, it l.tlaiiiiiilH (|iar Jl. ili la Muni. iiii'ii ), I'll lii.'i.l. |-,'iiii Till Till llailii'iMi Ciiiitl. Xoiilri I '.'II id: lll>il. Inns ITiii .iih\'i iiliiin. 'Ill' /.Il Wiilli r mill I'L'i'^rliriii'lili I'.irMliinn;,' nml V'nrt /Itlirihiiiif. |li7H. I j'.ii'li' i,iiliin^- Mini Niii'ili'ii. Ii< Ili Till Alio iSpi I llnt'ii, lluri'ii-i rjii'-iinr I.uihIi'h. i-m. Ciili;.,!. \Vi.ijil\ \tii'ni|it|.iili! innii. ■Ill,, I'll--. I.r I'l Chi s iiiiiivi Ill's I'l null onii' rains|iar Irs llnlliiinliiiH i>| Im /.I'liiinlais a rliti nll'liill. •I Trill 1)1 Ni.rlli i'; lly i: II'. Mvi ll'lil. /'«;/(». »rii|iliiin III Tliri'i- Vuyaurs l,y iln •lis CatliiiV mill CI, Inn, l.v Iln Ilnn'li, li'Din l.Mil l.'.'.iii. lly (iiTiii ili Vi 'iliii'il l.v Clmrli'sT. l!i illiiklin I Siii'li'i\ tiiap. .■^vii. I,".-.:! I'lriiiliis (iilii-ri I't Wnllstaiii, iili Allirili Aii).:liii ili'striiitiin, (Ilia A. IIiihhiiI svi 'III, lull, II, ri'Ki' IliiKi ITll. < N rl/,1 aviuMtliiiiis MurlMil I nihissii ,1. I . I''i>'it.'ius. Itii. Iti' /III [Si I- iilsii llakliiNts Ciilli'i'limi, Sti i, li; ilhlll'l .Vu nairs, ami ilii';,'. Ilril. ; liistiiii'liniis wlii'ii i:iilii(; un ii Vuyii^'i- to lln' iViirlliWi'si I'lirls iiinl Ciilliiiy, in tin- Tinic ol Hiu'cii Kliziilii'tli. lly SirSiiiiliii Kiuliislii r. Hvi). I. 'Union. I. II \iivii;miiiii ilii Caiiitiiini' I'lnliislnr, .Viiiil.iis, 1'/ II Liiini'- ilirst il iiiiiil vvi'sl en rmiin'i ''i'l . (1- sivrKil I. all \'iiyaf;rs iiii,| 'I'l Noltli I'JlM ,\li'"llllt 111' ivi'is.-) I/I I. /.'i|li/i< I''. .M.ii'li n > niiHiivaliniis inaili' In (iru'lil III. (1 I'liii ilii' " Ari'uiint 1)1 .si'M'riil I, all' X'uvai-i's mill Triivrl't. ) Nvi 1711. /,. ii/ii .\ ('"111 riiiiii I'C Kill i:i!ii'iit> nil Siiil/liiri.'i II ami '.11 1 iiliiml. 1 iiiii|irisiii|.' Tianslaiiiiiis liiiin I Mailin > \ nvr mil! .1. Ill' la I'lM Ills li'il'i' illl lilll lllllllll, tVl' l'Ni|.'llaklii)l Siirli'ly). Svn.' .\ llllrl Disiiiiirsr 111' a I'llssiiL-i Ity Ailmii Wlilli', l.'^.'i.'i. l.i'iiiliiii liv Illl' .Ninlli l'"li' I'l ,la|iaii, Cliliiii, \i'. ily ,lii!ir|ili Mum .\Ii. lilt l.ulltlii S|i|l>l" ruMsil.!' mill liri'iiiliimlisrlii' Iji Isi In-^rli niliiini.'. illl , lain- lliri. lly .Miirli' Itii. IliTI. lliiiiiliuni Till' saint' i,'i Italian. I'Jiiin. H'lMI. liiilniiuit. Ill II Kiiu'lisli. I'.'iiii liiOl /.i.;ii/ii Is till- Nnlill W «l ill lly A. Cliniiiiiii. hvii. I'l^s I'.iiraliM III \ iiyai'i's towar .S.aiili 111' a I'assaL'i' tn (■nlUiiy . 1 i;i|i li. I i:!!, liy Tlmina.s lliaiilill, iiiap IWakluyi Si.iii'iyi. Hvo. I,""!',!, l.uniiin. .1. U. Miillir, l.rlii 11 nml (ii'tMil.iiliriiin Jir iintci'ilriii I'lili) .Vnlii'ii Hiiliiit'inli'ii omyiikm, 111 lisl i'iiili.'1'i: Aniiii'ikiiiii.'1'ii viiiii kM'iil^'rrii II Siliriii II mill ili'in III 111 Nassuviid mlir Wal- Ni UIV/. >'Vil, I7-,'||. 11,1 hi liliiktir Nilrilrll,iiill'l' Itrisi'lii'sriili ililili^' ilii' until riiiiclillirlii II nml .SiniltMi'i ts ^l I' (triini J.,1 uiUi lly I' .M. '"vi i; I'f^ikiiiil Kiiii /.tiji-ff. LIST or \MlltKN (IN MUTIi Nl'll.lHTrt. t-u> \iiiriii'ii "I I, ..ini.ii.i.' •• I. Vii iiiidi'l. r >tllll> Mill lll.l I V.U.ll lnliil./i'rl. III ihliniinii ll.ull'UIII III li... Illfilllil' H. ,,,'r iiii^t III ,,,i.|i II, Niii' . Il.i. .Im*!'"''""- llMd. , Vi-yiiK'' I" t'lttiiklort . II lilnlllllllll, I,, Ki. .1,1.1m r, am Nor.Uii) s, (lie l>iu
  • II. lllli.illllllX, I'll IS. Siiiiiiii<'il<"i ,1. Ill Mntli- lii;j. /'iiri.i. J 111*'' III' (im. I \\:Ah V mill iiij; mill Viirt llambiiiil. Ili7(*. lllil.s. f-vo. J i)l/iil;/lll. I 11 Nurlli i;»-i Ari'iiiiit "!' ' ) M* o. 111. /■■«''""■ II (;r. iul;>iiil- ;.iili VipyiifiH 11. /,../ii/. Ill'- 1, ll'lliil'll':! Isii. y;i//".i/Hi». liOl l.i'iiiliin. il.ntirii'ii J' ■" 1,11 oslynUiii, II hM'iiiVrii'l' |i,M .uUr Will- 7-,>ii /I.i7i'». l.rsil.rulinin! ln'ilwirilN t;i li ■ iki.J /••J'-'l' l'li« iaiiii' Ui'lm 111 1 'I'll** Mltlii- Kci'Uiil ill' Vi 'l.'iii N-'T'liii IV IViii 17'."' Siirrinlirnj Vi'in' l>i'«'lil>')ili' ihr r.iliit IhihIit .t tnU I7IKI 1,11/ 1710 i; //■ ill 111" I /III 1,111 llj yiiKV" uil Nuril IIMnln. rinm 17:11. Amtlrrilum. •I. M KlIi-liHii Itrini'bricliri il'limr iiitrli (ii "in liiml, Sjiit/l'i-rtfi'ii, hliiiMii' l)uM'<,\i 1711 nihil All Ai'ri'iiiit iir Oil' <;iiiititri>'H iiljnliiliiu to lliul- Kiili lliiy. Ily Arthur Unlit. I'.'iiin. 1711. I.iiri'litn Ji'iujili ll'iliti'M 1 .Ai'iiiiiit "I' >ix Viiir»' lli'il ill lliiils"ti'< lliiv, Iniiii l*:i;l 111 :ii'i. mill liiiiii 1711 III 17 Hvi 17'.,/ /.."I'/.iii. Ii.iiriiiilr il'iiii \'Hii^'.iiu NiTil (11 Kill :I7 Ily Oiiiliii'r ll'i IV 1711 /'(in* 1717 Annliiilitm. rill !Hl.'lli'r'«, 111 ,liilii' I7li. Villi Kiiiiilrliiiikii HUH luit ll.riiii.' iiiiti'rii"iiiiii.'i.. II Uiini' iiiirli lien W. hU kii«l' •'11 111 .\lllrrii'll, V"ll 1'. S. I'llllllt. Nvi Viiynni liirllii' IlinriiMrv nf ii Nniili W. «t I'li.* Hii-i' I'y llii'lsiiii SliiillH 111 111.' Wish 111 1111(1 NiiiilliiTIi Udciiii "f ,\iiii'tii'ii, 111 the Vi iiiH IT Hi. 17. Ily lluiiiy Mllia. Milji. 'i v !,]•,. Hvu. I7|M, l.iiniliin. Ut'iHu iiikIi ilir lluiNniuliiiii huh ilciii I'lii^'l. mt. f.oiiiiiii. v. MiiUir Viiyai.'('» ( t (Ircmivi rtin lailv> par Ics Kilsscs li- liiiii; ill H critii lie la .Mcr (ilaciill.', }ic., Irad. ill' I'.VIIi'ui. p. ('. (i. K. lliiiiiuii. ■J viil... ^vii Kiili. .tmsliiiliim, Viill»iiiiiili(.'(' (ii'si'hichlc (lor ,S( cfiilirli n u Vir- tiichi', wi'lrhr znr KnM.i'kiiiiif ilrr NnriliiHU lli'lii II Diiii'hraliM III .Vnnli'ii iiml NiTil'isicu vim Kui'i'iia nml Asiin, iinliriiimiimn wurilim, Ily J. C. A(Miiii);. ((iibuiii'r.) 4t(i. 17(W. Iliitlr. Nachriihlcn vnii drii iicncntili'cktcn IikiIii in ilcr Sic /.wiM^hrn A>irn nml .'iiiii'rira. Ily .1. I., S. Hvo 177H l.riti.i;/. Ki iHtimi (I'liii Viiyii),'i' ilaiis 111 .Mcr ilii N'mJ aux ('('itca (I Ixhiii'li', 'III (inn iiliiM'l, i|r I'lriKH, .Vc., fail I'n 1707 ct ilH. ily Tiiiiiaiii- Kri'- ({iielin. till 1771. I'lins 'I'lrniani! dc KcrKUchn, ll'scliniliiint.' seiner llcHi' iiaeli iler Nnrdsee in .liii.l. 17ri7C>Maii den KiiMii 11 von Island, «i's dureli die Norditee naih lnilii''ii. lu'li.si Itiirrin).'iiiii^ Sehrift iil.tr ilenMlliiM (ie|.M'n-taiii| llv S i;n|,'i'l 'Siriiii). »to, 1777 llimlf. Smiiiii I Kni;el, Meiiii.iri". inr hi N.nii'ali.'ii diiii* 111 .M.r .III Nurd depiiii le li;l .le^i ,. dp hltllinli en alliint >erH le I'uli'. tin 177',i llirn \'|t| li' ali"ll "I' the I'l'tldlll'l ..(' I'lll't Ml'ldii III a liil.' Vnviii/. ,1111 I'li.inl M M S Kmnaee, |,,i' |ii„ .MIIIIU a N"iili \Vt'«l l'iii«iii.'r III Ihi W.'Mteiii ,\iiii ricnii ilckaii. llv r Mi.|,|li:i.n MVll, 1711 I.I: Ai'i'iiiiiit iifllir Itiitii.tn DiHooverieslietueeii .V't Iiulie K. riekeiKill. till Ily I7H-J. l.iiliiliill N'mmiiu ri'i iieil lie Vi.)iii.'cii au Nurl du lliu- rupe ct df lAHio, iiN itii 17K) f/rnrni .Vlllfeincine lii -.rhiehli ,li r Schiirahrlcn Nnrdeli Ily J U, Ki.r-.ler. (t'jiitner.) Hni I7H». flunk furl. .1. It. Komtrr, (ieHrhielite d. r Knldickini^cii u S( hiHiihrtcn in Norden. kvh i;hi. riiiiii.foii ,1. It. I'l.rster'h (icnchielite 'ler Knldec'kunnfU .111.1 S( liilTaUrlcii in Nordi'ii. 'i viil«. hv.>. 17k'>, Friiiikl'm-t 'I'll'' Hiiiiic in l'',n>;ll«h. lln, IToH hniilnn lio 111 Kiih'liHh 8 V"l» Ml... I7H7. t.iinilnn Iiiiiil..relHe cnii'lliiiii Ni.r.l mli Siider p'ilki'.'l«i n, \.'. Ily S. (i.linan. Hv.. ITHd, / y,v.i/ Naiiil lliilnrv ..t KiiLdiin.l, fiiiin the N..niuiii Ciil'iuest, llKir. 1,1 17:11, Ily I'li'"^. I,"liMi'l 2 viiN. Fnllii, 17:1.'. limit. iH (it'iiiriapliy ul' lliidsnn k llay,h.'iiiv' H Id nuirkii iif Capi ('i.alH, t.i'Hie.n llic )ciii> ll'J7 'il, ■villi I'.xlriii Is lr..iii thu l.ni; (it'Ciipl. Ml I. lie. Inn. K.lil.'l hy ,l"liii IIiiii.'H, 1'.s.|., I .K.S , l'',S .\. .'Ilakluyl S...i.tyK lH,".'J. I.iihiIkii The Ari'li.' \\..il.l, Iiilr.i.l.ii'li..ii 1.. lliu Arctin /iii.l'.py Ily T, r.Miiianl, Hi<. lTs,'i, /,'iiii/un 'I'ho name in Kri'iuh. 2 vnli. mvo, 17K'J. /'lliu (icHi'liiehl.' (trr Itiiscn, die m it ('....k an di r Nordwes III Ndrd.'slkiisle vim Nord VimriiH, hy Vdii Ml arcs, llixim, I'lUll'H'k, ('die, I ..iil', \e., iiiileriii'iiinieii Mini, nun d, l.n^'l nut Aniiiiris. Ily J. li. Fi.rhlir. ;) \i;ls, lln. (.V.'ss) 17111-2. Ilrilin. Vi.ynt;.' Id the I'milie Hcinn, iin.leriMken Inr iiiakini; iMsei'vcrii'M in ilie Ndrlhe'.n llmii sphere. Id 'l( l( riiiiiie llie I'oHitiun iiinl West Side III .\sla,i\ii'l the I'mellialnlily ula ,^''iirlh «rii I'assafc 111 I'iiiii.pc, p.rfdiiiied iin.li r the .liie.'l|..ii i.r t'lii.lains Ci.dk, t'hirkc, and tiurr, in the y. iirs 1771. HII. It v.ilj, tto. 17^2. i.. inlim. ,I(ihn Ilai slrnnrs .\ec.>iiiil nf a Vnyune In Spit/.. l.crKen 111 I'M) M.., IhiK). l.tniiluH. Iir. Seh.l. t,'(il, I'lrste niul Zwiil.' Itcise vnii Oki.tsk 11:1. 'Ii .1' n I isi I 111 an, den Kusleu v.iii Anil likn. Ill lien ,liihren l7KI.Hy,\u, 'I'ritii*- Inie.l hdin tin Ittisbnin Hu. 17..i:l St I'fliithtny .l..lin .Ml, ill s V'l.yaL'e.-i, ir.,1 Ic in lie viaia I7v«. Htl, I (hinapi the .\.\V. Cnast ,i'|' Ann iic« ll.. 17'.il. I. 'II. lull I'ri/i' I-.ss,ty .111 ll,. Nile iif ilin Ktsi llyi:d hy K;.'i."is 171.1.1. ('.•i.rnhii.irit. .Vn A. 'I ..lint 1.1 ,1 liilliiii' '< Kxpi .liil.in, piiMish. 'i hy Sailer lln Imhi /..iinii.ii Iteise y.in I iili rsiii'liiiiii; di r Kysie ilet Kin. iMnir* Uv hillitii.' lllllner ) Hio. l««ii;i i<'it(N 2 (t # © o o IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. o 1.0 .1 rso IM IIIM 120 18 ) 1.25 1.4 1.6 6" ► ^f ^ o s 'W //, A .^^ vj {) MHT CF WOUKS (IX A iiCTTC SI'llJI'CTS !■.;', t I 'I If' Stiereison tier EriKlandci- un^l Ilolliinder iiach (leiii N()r " Ni 111 (ifsuliirlilf iler See u. Ijimliiist'ii." Jly (Jiuiii)i.) Hvi). iHill. llrinO'unj. A Viiyiiijc of llisco.oi'v to llic Nnrlli I'm ilii' (li'i';iii,&(i.,in 17'.i.)-',iA. .It,). IHOl. I.umhut. ViiVML'r nil Spitsln'r;; el a In Nonvi'Di' Zi-iiilili' en IT'.iii, jiar .1. llniikiir, .vo. 'J'laiisliiti ■! tVum tliu (iei'uuiii liv (.'ain)iL\ A'aps. Hvo. INDI. ].iaii Viivau'i"*or Discovery lorn Norlh-Wust I'a-isaue. " liy Miilltr. llo. lM(MI. l.omlnu. llisloii-i' lies i'celies, ilis I)i''nMivirtes et iles Jisuil'lisseiiient de.s Ilidlanilais dans les Mers dii Noid. liv C. li. de Uiste. Cl'ianslnted froiii the Duti'li.) livids. ^Vl■. l.soj. /'«;-i.v. firiinland iiml Siiil/.liii'yeii, iiiit den Merkwiir- diLdiiiten der N'atiir iind Meiisidienwi It inn ill II Niiriljiol, A:e. Naeli K.L'ede, Anderson, Cranz, I'alirii'iiis, ile l'at,vs, and anderen, niit Kiiiilern mid Liindcliurteni. ;' vols. Ito. The I'ossiliilily nf Ap]iroai'liiiip the Nortii I'ole Asserted. A New Kiliiioii. "ith an .\|iiniili.\ liy ( oliinel llcinifoy. Hy Hon. I). liarriiif;- ton. 8vo. * IriiW. LuuiIdh. Narrative of ii Vovnu'e to Hndson's liiiv in 1I..M.S, •li..,iuiioi'iil,' ,^e., in 1.--I I. I!y 1,'i.iii. l') Chaiiiiell. Ma]!. 8vo. 1n17. Lrntiiiii. A ('hriinoiot.'ii al llislury ol' Voyages into llm Aictie l!ei;iiins, IVoiii the Karliesl I'eriod to the Present Time. Kyjohn Kairmv. .Maji, Hvo. l-'^h''. I.UIIfhut. A \ oyn.u'e of niseovery t.iwards the North I'ole, under the ei.niniand otHaiit. I), linehan, K>1,'<, &(•. By Cnpt. !•■. W. Jleeehev, 1!.N. 8vo. ■ IhlM. r.oml'in. History of Norili-Kastem Voyntres of Diseovery. Hy Cajit. J. Jlnrnev. hvo. IHl'.l. f.ninluii. Voyau'e of Diseovery into the Si'iilli Sea and Iielirin:.''s Sirail, I'm- the iiiirpiisenf K.\|diiriii!j n .Norlh-IOast rassai;e, in tlie years l.-slli-lM. Dy Otio von Kot/ebue. 3vols. .Maps. Mvo. l«'-'l. f.oiiih.n. Deseription of (ircenland. liy Mans Kjiide. Map. Svo. 1M«. Liiiiihin. (ireenland ; 11 1'oem. Ity James Montjiomeiy. Hvo. IHIl). London. An Aeeount of the .Vrctie Kejrions. liy Ki'v. \V. Seoresliy. V> vols. Svo. It^W. Eilinliunih. A I'edeslritn .loniiiey tllroll^'h Uussia and Si- berian 'I'avtary to the Frozen Sea and Kani- clintka, IH'-'i). " Maps. Hvo. IS-J.'). I.nnthin. Voyai;e of Diseovery in II. M. Ships' Isiihella' (ind ' Alexander,' for the I'nrpose of Explor- ing HaHin's Hay, i*>;e. Hy Capt. ,)ohn Jioss, UN. With Charts, .(to. ISIil. l,.,n,lr,u. The same in Otrniau, translated liy Neninich. Jto. iHiii". l.iipiii/. Joiirn il "f a Vovatre tn the Areiie Ket'ions ni l-l-- ill II.M.S • Al.'Xiiiider.' liv A. Kisher. hvo, Idl'.l, l.iiwlim. .loiirnal of a Voyaiie for tlie Discovery of it Niiiih-West I'as'saje iVuni the .\llantic to the I'm ni ■, licrliirnied in IM'.I ;;ii, in H..M. Ships • llei la and ' (iriper.' I!y Capt. \V. V. I'arry, ii.N. Ito. I^-Jl. I.''iiilnn. North fieor;;ian 'lazette and Winter Chroniile, for I'-l'.i-'Jii. iNi. h"^-.'!. J.iindnn. A .lourniil of a \ uiaire ><( Diseovery to i he, \ relic lieyions, in II ,M, Ships • lleela ' and' drii'ir,' in the vein; J>-l'.* -:io. Hy .V. f ishir. Hvo. I.'<-J1. f.'iniltin Tau'ebiieh eimr l-'.nldriKiinfrsr ise naeh den niiidliehen I'idarui 'I ndi'ii in .'. Isl'.i. liy \V. K. I'arrv (C'anilM ). fjvo I^'-H. Jltinilm),/. AhoSvo. ■ IK-Jl. Jriitl. /.Weill' Keise in iMl'.l.^i'. l-^vo. IhL'J. ./. /m. The I'livate .l.iiirnal III Capl, , indiii.Iah. I^si'.i-:.'!), »ns ,1. Em;, willi ,Maii, (I'onuinu' the MUlli vol. of the '■ Nein,' liildi- othek der neusten l{eiseliesclireihnni.'en.") Hvo. IM^':!.-.". U'ciniar. Narrative of an T'-xiniIiiion t.i the I'olar Sea in iH'.'o.-j:), ]!y Daion 1'. v. \Vian).'idl, Trans- laled by Cdfonel Sabine. Hvo. ls3'J. I.'mJutt. Another kiliiion. IHII. Hcise l;iin.-es der Nordkiiste von Siherieii uml aiif deiii Ki.-inceii in l^^'Jil-il. liy liarun 1'. V. Wranirell. '.i vols, Hvo. \h3^UJ. Hvo, \K\>A. I'.ilinhiti(ih. licise liincrps rler Nordkiislo von Sil.erien ii. iiiif ilein ICismeere in d. Jah l«-.'0--Jl, iiearbeilet von fi. Eniiulhardt, von C. liiller. 12 vols. Hv.i. 1.h;{ii. Itirlin. Viernialiue Iteise diircli das ii.'inlliche F.isnieere auf der liriv;.' ' Nnwaja Semlja' in l^'■jl-u'l, .\. d. Kiiss. von. Krnian. Hvo. \s-H. Jlerlin. Journal ol' a Third \'iiyaL'e for the Discmery of a .Noilh-West ['assai/e, Xc, ni the veais l&2-l--S>. iiy Cajit. Sir \V. .E. I'any. Ito. iH'Jii. Loiidiii). A Letter to Sir John Harrow on the K.Mranrdi- nary and rnexpected llyiierboreaii Disco veiies made by a tlnaiteily KeviiWer and Capl, i'arry, 'I'lact. \f2y'<. Narrative of an I'nsiiccesslnl Attempt to Reach Itejiulsc liay, &c., in the year IH■^^. Hy C. J'. Lyon, Hvo, IH-,'."), London. liiehardson and Swainson's Fauna liorealis Americana, the Zoolo^ry and i irnillndoL'y of the Northern I'lrtsof liritish .Vnrlli .America, collecled (lurini; Sir .luhn Franklin's Fxpe- dilions. a vols, Ito. lh'J'.i.;)l, London. [W. It.'L'iiins 111 Uy .\- Ki-liiT. >l'.'i. I.dintiin. liscuviry I'l a AtliiiUic |.i llie ill 11. M. Sliiin |,t. \V. I: I'liny. \>-J\. l.iiii'h'H. inur Cliiiiiiiil"'. Ij.-.'l. J.diitliin, cry to till- Aiclii- ii'iiiiil' tiri'i'ir,' isli.r. «vo. Is-Jl. I.'tniloii r isi! nach 'li" 11 ,1. iKl'.t. I'-y l'--Jii. Jlaiiiliiiyn- IH-il. ,/'»'!. Ih-JJ. ./.;ia. fi. 1'. I-yiii, ot i.Tl'llt Vnyillif 111 M;ili. ^'V... l"^--'-'). l,>'iuht. w. v.- iVilliim Apiii'ii'''-'^- l^-'.T). J.niiiI'Di. It. niiiiiollii' tiu'iiri' llu' rniiluliiiii Vi- liit I.atilU'ii'S. Hy Ih-J'i. Lmi'liin. l!y \V. Snni'S ^'Jil. l.-'.iliiibiiiyU. N..llhlTIl Wl.alr SiiiiiiiKir I'f !'*-■''• s-j;i. }'.ilinhiir(lh. nil SiliiTii'ii 11. aiif :-JO--l. Ueai'lieiU-t . Kilter. 2 vols. ls;'/l. Ilciiin. iiMlidie r.isiiiceiT ■iiilja' ill l^'•-l-i^. vii. \^>i. Jlerliii. ,1- till' Uisiimry uf ;., Ill llii' yiai^ . I'anv. Jto. l^-Jii'. Loiiduii. 1(111 llii' I''..\tiai'nli- )ierli"ri'an Disco- ly Iti vi. wii- mill Atti'iiir' to Rfacli lirlf<-2l. HyCl'. l.s-j."i. l.onil'iii. Fauna IJoifalis dill (iiiiitlii'liii-'.V "f Th Niiilli Anil rii'a, I'riiiikliii's K.viii'- 1 «'.".».;) 1. LoiiJun. S LIST ()K WcKKS l»N' AKCTIC .SI' IM KC Is l") I .N'arraliM' "I a Si'i'nii.l l''\]ir of llic I'l'liir Si'.i-i, 111 111,' Sir .loliii l-'raiiKliii. Svi., NaiTali\r uf a Viiya^i' to iIm liliiii y.ar iii:.'» Sliail, li. Ci....|i I'C'lllii'll.t, )l''l lltl nil i| 1--J..-JS Hy Cll|it Willi .Mails. -J viils. •I llli' Slliirr- isj;, -j;. liy IH-JM. /.OIIiIdii I'ai'ilii- ami liiir li.\ Illlr Uilll 111'' I'lil HI II M.S. • l!l"SM,iu' ill I'-. \V. Ik-.(li.'y, K.N. 4lo. l''.;). 'l.lllnlill. Nun-ali>e of an AU'iupt i.i Kumli llio .Wirlli J'ole, ill 1^-J7. Ijy Capl. \< . I'.. I'airv, K.N. -^vo, IS-.N. i.uiulllll. Nanativ" of mi At!iiii|it t'l I!..'ia'li the Norlli I'lili In liii,;'> liiti'il for tljL' imi'pii.'M-, .■CI'., ill till' V. ar 1-:.'". l^-JS. I.iiiiiln.i. ili-iioiiial Ai joiiiil of Disi'oM rii's aii'l 'I'ravil-. in Niiitli Auieiiuti, ainl tlio Voyaj,'es in So.ircli ■ f a N'nitU-Wi'St I'assaL'e. ]tv A. .Mnnav. .Map. Svo. ' \>i'.\. /.,,i,(i,,'„. Lii.li'rso:.;i'lsis Kcis,- til (Ijtkysl, n of (Muiilaiiil, f(ur KonmliL; llnaliiif; u.lfiirt i .Valine, U-J-'-;ll. i!y Capt. W. A. (iniali. -llo. I'^'l'J. C'upntliiii/i It, .S'airalivi' (if lui Kvprrliiimi t'ltlie Ea^t Coast of (ill. iiland in !Si arrh of tlie Lost C'll'iiies. l!y \V. .\. (ii-aiili. I'l-.'iii II,,' Uaiii'li, by (ior- doii M,iiiloiii:al, I'oi' the Koyal (ieo^;ra;'hi(;al Society, f^vo. " |N;i7. I.und'in. Ilistorieal View "f the ;ii', it'i'iss of Discovery of the more N'oitiiern dusts of Aiiiui'ica, .Ve. By r. F.Tyler, XT. Svo. l.■^:i,^. iUliahurnli. Narrative of IJiscovery in the Polar Se.as and Ke- poiis. I!y J.lA'slic,l{.,liniics,iii,tniil H. .Mur- ray. Uiiio, l,s:jl. Edinl'iir:il,. The .same. 1 '':!."). Aeci'inil of the several I.anil K.\pel:lii,ns t,i ,ie- leniiine tlu' tieo;,'! .ipliy ol th,' N'orlh-West i,art of the Aiueiii-iin C'last. I'.'iiio. is;tl. .'.,e'>ii;,l of l,'ise,)Veries in the N'orlh Polar Si.;is in l.-ils--JO, uiih em .Account of llu. l-isiiuiiuaux People. I'iiiio. l^:il. NHya-i s in the Arctic Sens i'r,iin iK-il In \>->^, f.ir the Disc,, very of a Nurlh-West Passau',- to the I'.iiilie I icea'n. limn. ' I8;il. .Vrclio Fxpiililinns — Kepn;! of Selecl Cninmiiti'e on an l''..\pe,liii,,n to the Arcti- Seas. I'arlia- iiieiilary Paiiers, No '-'•"iil. |s:!l. I.'.ndun. Nanalive of ii Second Voyat'e ill search nf the Norlh-West Piisyii;e, ainlolu Keshlence in the -Viclio l{ei;ions,iuring l.-2'.l.;ij. l!v Capt.,lnlin It>,ss, j;.\. Ito. IKio. Lnndiin. Voyage uf Capt. Sir John Uoss, 1{ N'., to the Arctic l{e[,'ions, for the Diseoverv of a. Xorlh- W'esl Passage, in iS2'J.;);), liy 1!.' lluish. .^vo. \<\'i. I.dnd'jii, Supplement 10 Sir.Ji'hn K-iss's Second VoyaifH. llo. ls:i."). I.oiidnii. Narrative of a Second Voyav'c in Search of u N,irtli-\\'est Passu,;,', &i'.,,liiiiiiL' |S->!l.:i:t, iii- elu,linL; the lieports of Capt. ,1. Clark K,iss, and the Discovery ol the Xorthet'i MaLUielie Pole. llo. \><.',r,. I.KUdnl,. Narrutive of the Arctic I. an, I F..\pedilioii t,i llio .Mouth of tlie , iindir the com- mand of dipt. Back, K.N. Jiy iiichard Kinj.', M.D. '"^vo. 'ls:iii. London Visit to Icela.i,!. By John Harrow, Junior, in l.-^:!!. wvo. l.-sj.j. London. A Brief .\ceoinitof the Varioii.s l'',xpc,litinns to the Arctic Keijions. By Capt. Beclier, K.N. ,Hvo. ISJ.). London. V,,\ai,'i; en I-lande ,t en (iioenl.'tnd peinlant l,-s;.-| el Islii, sur la LmveUe ' f.a Kcchei'ehe,' I'oininaiidee par .M, Trehoimrt. By P. .M. (.iainiuiil. 4 vols. Svo. Itvld. I'nn^. Coniinuniealions mi a Ninih-Wesi I'lissime. Koval (jeof,'raphical Soeielys .loiirnal, Vol. li. Hvo". l.s.lii. London. Narrative of an K\|iedilinn in I1..M.S. ■ 'I'error,' nndiri.ikeii willi a View l,i (icu'iapliical Dis- covery on the Arctic .Shores in l-*:!"-;!/. liy Capt. "sirtf. Back. Map. .'^ui. ls;|,s|, London. l!a|iliorl sur ' l,a Kecherclie,' K.\p,',liiioii du Nor.l. l!y Caiit I'alivr,'. Svo. I.Sii'.i. I'nns. An .\c,',,unt ,if .Irctic Disi'ovcry hy .Missrs. Dease iiinl Simpson, iKt?. Journal id lo'vul (iein.'r;i|,liical Sociely. V. H. Svo. lis:),-!. /.o;ii/. An .Vccoiint of .Vrclic Discovery l,y Messis. l)e ise aiul Sini|>soii, isi-s. Jounial of Koyal Ucu'raphical S,,ciely, V.'.l. Svo. l,si:i'.i. London. Narrative of the Proifiess of .\rctic Discovery l,y .Messrs. Dease an, I Simps, ui, If^iUl. .lournal of the Koyal tico:;iapliieal Society, Vol. 111. Svo. IMll, London. Narrative of tin' Discoveries on the North-We-t of .Vmirica.ellccted liy the i illicers ,i| Ihe lliiil- sons B.iy Company during the years l,--;!!!-:);!. Svo. I'slJ. Lonilon. Dea>e an, 1 Simpson's l)i'.cov,ii,'s on the Nnrlh Coast of. Vmerica,l«;!r,-:,'.i. Hvo. 18i;i. London. Voyii;.'es of Discovery and Kesearch vvilhin ihe .\r,tic Keu'ions, from the year Isls to the pre- sent lime. By Sir John Barrow, Kurt. kvo. IS 1(1. London. ilhservaiious on the Work entitled, " Voyages, \c. By Sir .lohii Barrow." By Sir .lolin K,,ss. ,^v■,). Is III. Edinlmrijli and London. ".drag ziir Keiintiiiss ,ler ( )rograpliischi'ii iiiel (ieoi,'uiisliscli"n liescliiilllnheit'ler Nor,l-\\ est- kiisle .•inierikas, mil den aniieirendcn Inseln. By Dr. C. Grevvingk. .Maps. Svo. F'^.Hl. .S7. I'lti rshnnj. Ihiiiie Best Mea iS .if Keachinu' the Pole. By A,li;ii:all''. Wrangell. |SI7. Also, Noti's on the ahnve. BySir.Iohn llairow. Journal of tlio Koyal Geographical Society, V,d. Is, Svo. isis. London. .Varrative of an K.vii, 'liti,in to ih,.' Slcre.' of the ArcticSea,lSlUan,l 1.S17. By.lolinKae. Hvo. Is.'iii. London. .\rclii' Si aicliing K.xpeililion. ,r,iiiriial of a Boat Voyage in si iinhof Sir.Iohn Fraulcliii in 1«1,S. Willi an Ajip, ii,li.\ hy .'1. Blue Book, K' jmit of ('onimittee. Arctic I'.xpedition, hs.'il. Blue Book, No. '.I7. .Vrclic Expedition, IS.'il. Blue Book, Additional Papers. Voyage of ihe ' Prince .Mhert,' in Seaicli of Sir John Franklin, By VV. P, Snow. Svo. 1M.")1. London. 2 (i 2 452 j.isr or AvortRs ov AitrTrf suitJi'CTS. Sir Jiiliii Franklin mul Uk; Arctic Ki-u'i. ■" . lly I'. I.. .Simnuiiiils. liiim. I.s"il. /.oiiiIdii. Slniy l.fiiven from nil Arclic .roiiniiil ; or, i;i'.;li- ttitii Moiitli . in tin- I'oliir Itcfjions. Jly I.lt iit. S. (tHborii, K N. Hvii. iM.'il. /.iiiiihiit. Till' Si!iiri-li Inr Sir John l-'iiiiiKlin : :i I,iiiurr. Hy tJ. It. \Vcl,l. Hvo. iNil. J.finUnii. UejiDrt on tliu ll'liirnor I.iuly Friinkliii's V^^sl I, tlip' I'rinci Allien." Mvo. la-rj. J.iiiulnn. A Sljorl Nnrrativc of tlir Secoml VoynL'i- ol tin' ' I'rinci' Alii, rl,' in Search ol' Sir .Inlin I'nink- liii. lly Will. Kcniu'ily. Hvo. IS.'i:!. I.iiiflitn. .loiirnal (t'lin Voya^'i' aiix .Mcrs l'iiliiircs,i\iiiili' par l.ii'iit. ill' VnisM-aii lie la Marine I'raiicai'.e .1. It. Ilelliit.i'ila Ki'cliirclii'.li'Sir.lolin Frank- lin en IH51 el .')2. I'ar M. Inlieii I.. iiie»i Hvo. IH.Ol. I'luis Memoirs ol' Ment. .Tosepli Uene Ilellot. Willi .loiiriial of ii Voya'.'e in llie I'olar Seas in Search of Sir John Franklin. 2 vols. Hvo. lH.j.'). I.onilnn. Jouriiai if a Voy.nf,'e in nairni's Hay nml l!ar- rows Sirait in Ihe years IK")!! .■|l,iiirroiniecl hy II. .M.S. ' I.aily Fraukliir anil ' Sophia,' iimli-r the eoiiiiiianil of .Mr. W. I'eiiny, in .Search of the .Missini,' Crews of II. .M.S. ' l')riliiis ' anil ' Terror,' *ce. Jly P. C. Smherhiinl, M.D. •> vols. Maps. Hvo. iH.'i'J. I.niidnn. Arctic .Miscellanies; ;i Soiiveiiirol ihe late I'olar Search, hy the Ollicers ami Si amen of the l';x- peilition. Hvo. 1H.')'>. J.iiniliin. The Seaich for Franklin. By Au;.Mistiis I'eler- inaiin, F.K.lr.S. I'ainphlei. .Map. Hvo. lK.5a, l.iiiKinn. Arctic Fxpeililioiis, IS.'):). Itlue Uouk, Fuilher Papers. Ari'lie Fxpe.liiions. Parlianieiitary Papers, Nos. 2is— .■iiil.aiiilH'i. Arciio Kei,'ions, 18.03. Parliamentary Paper, No. inl:!. A Summer Search for Sir .lolin Franklin. Hy Commander E. A. Inglelielil, U.N'., F. li.li.S. H> I. lH;"i;l, l,t)lldl>n. Narrative of the Vovafie of II. M.S. ' Herahl,' isio lo.'il.nnilerCapi. II. Kellitt, K.N.,C.1J. lly I'.i-ilholil Seeiiiann,F.l,.S.Hvn. W'tW. I.mul. Narrative of a Uoat Kxiieililion ii)! Welliiii-'ton Channel, IH.'ii, miiler the commaii'l of Dr. U. M Cormick, 11. N, in Search of Sir .Tohn Franklin. Folio. iH.'il. l.niiiln,,. The .\ritii' Despatches: oonlaininL' an .Aeconnt of the Discovery of the .\orlli-West Passable. Hvo. .Map. Ke|ii'liile'l from the "Nautical Mauazine." iK'jl. I.iinitini. Ten .Months imioU!; the Tents of theTnski. J>y l.ieut. W. II. llnoper, U.N. .Map. Hvo. iH.'il!. I.itllihlll. Access to an Open Polar Sea, in eonneclioii willi the Search after Sir John Franklin and his ('oinpaiiioir. By V.. K. Kane, M.D. .Map. Hvo. iH^j:). Xcw i'lirl:. Fiaiikliii's I-'ootsteps ; a Siii'teh of (ireeiilaiiil, alon,!,' tliii Slioris of which his Kx|ieililion passeil, anil of the Parry Isles, w.ieie the last traces of it were fouiiil. By C. U. .Murkhani. l-'nio. l.H,".;). (In the 'I'iiles ami CunciUs in the Polar Seas. l!y John .Murray. Hvo. 1h.)|. Lomhni. Arctic Papers, iH.jl. Letter from l.a.ly Franklin to the Ailniiralty. No. I'J'.I. Arctic l';.\i>loratiniis ; with liiforinatiou respect- iii^;Sir,l. Franklin's .Missiiur Party. By Dr. Uae. 1H.'')4. Journal of the Uoyal Geou'iaphi- cal Society, Vol. S.'). Hvo. iH.").). l.nnilon. I'.iinlaiel anil Kussia. VoyaKCs of John Trailes- caiit the cliler. Sir Iliiii:li 'Willimu'lihy, U'l. Cliancellor, Nelson, h'hI others. Fiy Dr. J. Ilainel. Trunslaleil by J S. Leiuh, F.U.ti.S. b\j. Its.')!. London. riiitiil States' (irinnell F.vpeilitinn in Search nt Sir .liilin Franklin. Hv F.lisha Ki nt Kane, .M.D.,F S.N. Hvo. iH.-jl". I.iiiid.iiiid .\. iiirk. Descent of Back's (innt Fi'-li Uiver, hy .Mr. Jas. .\ielersini, lS'")'i .loinnal of Uoyal (ieo graphic. ' SiM iely, Vol. 'Jii. Hvo. |H.Mi. 'l.-milnn. The l-Jvenlli'l Voviil'c ol 11. .M.S. ' Ucioliite ' in the ,\rmc Ue).'ions, in Siiireli of Sir. I. Frank- lin, v'ioc, from 1H.:,2 to 1H,>1. Uy F. .M'Don^'all. Hvo. IH.OT. I.iilldnll. Arctic F.xpiilition, IH.M, Blue Book, No. 171. .\rclie i'apers relative to llecenl Arclie Jixpeili- tioiis, 1H.-,|. Blue Book. l.e Scoperte .\rtii he. By the Conn,' Francisco .Miniscalelii Fii/./.o. Hvo. .Maps. 1h.i."i. iiiiiif. Uear-.\clniiral Sir John Fiaiiklm. A Narrative of the Circninstanccs and Cau^is which leil to Ihe Failure of the ScanhiuL' I'^.ypeililions sent by the (Jovernnienl, ^:e. By llear-.\ilniiril Sir .lohii Itoss. Hvo. "|.'s.').'<. J.iiinli'ii. 'I'lic Fraukhii K.xpediiinn from Fiist to Fast. Bv Uicliard Kin},',.M.D. Sm. Hvo. Is.Vi. Lmid. The Fast of ihe Arctic \'oyat:es. By Sir fMwanl Belch, r. U.N . >'s:c. -J vols. Hvo. IH,")."i. J,,,ii,liiii. Arciic l':xpliirations in 1.h.');J-1-.). Bv fllislia Kent Kane, iM. I)., U.S.N. ;; vols. Hvo. lH.'.li. I>liitad,l,)hia. Voyages and Discoveries in the .Arctic Ucl'ioiis. I'. -Mayne. Hvo, iH.Vi. J.oiidiin. Fnrthcr Papers relative to Ueeent Arctic Fl.spedi- tions. Blue Book. lH.-,;j. Ueport of ('ommittee on Arctic Kxpcdition. Pailiaruentary Papers, No. ID'.). Further Papers r. dative to Ueci nt .VrcticExpedi- tims, ls.",ii. parliamentary Papers. Discovery of the North-West Passau'e hv Capt. Ii. M'Clure.inll.M.S 'Invi stigator, lh.'J(l-l-'2-;j- J, By Capt. S. Oshorii, U.N., C.l>. Hvo. iH.j*. Londdit. Personal Narrative ofthe Discovery oi'the North West Passaire, while in Search of the Expedi- tion under Sir John Franklin, hv Alex. Arm- stroni,', M.D., U.N., F.K.O.S. Hvo. IHf.?. Liindnii. Dcs Uemieres F^xjipilitions faites a la Uecherche de Sir.lolm F'ranklin,et ile la Decouverle d'nn Passane par Mer de I'llcean .\ilanliiiue A lOeean Paciliijue. Par M. de la Uoipielte. l'am)ihlet. l.-s."!!). I'arh. .\relie Fnlerprise ; a Poem. By C. U. Ahrahall. Hvu. IH.'jii. J.undnn. Voya-,'es Olid Travels of Dr. Uae in the Arciio Ui;'iiins. A Letter to Sir II. Dryden, Bart. Hvo. Iis.'iii, Liindnn. Arctic Kewards and tliuirChiiinaiits. Painiihlet. Hvo. VXii'i. I.niidnn. The (iieiu Arctic Mystery. Uytl'Lvoi ZV.'MIKIY- AF.VOMI.NOI. Paiiiph." Hvo." iH.ili. Lnndon. Proliahle Course Pursued hy Sir John Franklin's I'ixpeilition.and Appi ii.lix. By A. U. Findlay, F U.(i S. Maps. Pamphlet. Hvo. IHofi. Uetleetions oil the Mysterious F'ate of Sir John Franklin. By James Parsons. Map. Hvo. IH.'w. LnudDII. .\n Farnest Appeal to the BrilisI I'ublic on be- half 111 the .Missiiu; Kxpedilion. By I/ieiit. B. Pim, U.N., F.U.G.S. I'ainphlet. i.H.'>7. Lnndon. The .Arclir U.ei.ins: a Narrative of British En- terprise to discover the No'.'th West Passage. By P. L. Siiiiiiionds. I.S.J7, Lnndon and .\'rw }'ork. A Letter to Viscount Pulmerston, K.U.. from Lady Franklin ; with Appendix and Chart. Hvo IH.07. Lnndnn. The North-West Passage, and the Plans for the Search for Sir .lohii Franklin. A Ueview. By John Brown, F.U.G.S., F.IJ.S.N.A. Co- peiihapen.Hvo. Inv. Lnndnn. \ \ 'lilinii ill Si'Mi'cli nl 'Wisli^i Ki III KiiiH', .Dtiil. II ml ,\. i'urk. i>li liiviT, liy Mr. ■iial of lioyiil 'ii'o- 'vu. IH-'iii. I.iiniliin. I.S. ' Ki'siiliiti^ ' ill l1i (if Sir J. l''raiil(- Uv 1'. .M'li,m^'ull, lH.-,7. I,„,i,l,,„. ic Hdoli, Ni). 171. LIU, Atilii; JJxiu'di- ■ ('iiii!i; l-'rniiciscii Iiijis. IN.V). \',tiiir. Klin. A Nariativf 'iiiiMS wliii'h Icil III LT E.\|ll'ill|ioilS Milt llv Keiii-AiliiiiiMl 'Is-V/. J.iiiiihJii. Lim l-'iist to Last, i.-^vo. Is.V). L,,ii(l. s. liy Sir I'Mwiinl Ivo. I.V)."i. J,,,iuliiii. :>. Hy ICiisliii Kdit s. 8vo. '■li. I'/ulaililphia. he All-lie RiL-ions. IxVi. /,iiiiitiin. 'cnt Anlic K.siii'di- U-ctic Expudilioii. III'.). •I 111 .\irlicE.\iie(li. • l'ii]i('rs. 'ussaui' liv Capf. U. f,'atcir, lb.JU-l.y.;j.J, U.H. Hvo. 1H.J7. Loiidim. ovui'y oi'tlie North - ri'li of lliL' K.xptili- liii, hv Alex. Ariii- S. Hvo. l>*^7, Li. itis alalicrlierclir la llc'coiivui'lo il'iiii i-an Ailantiiiue A . do 111 Uuiiuotto. l^i.'iti. I'arh. ByC.ll.AliialiaM. \K)ti, Ijiindon. Kill' in llie Arctic H. Iliydin, Hart. IS.'iii. f.iiiiil'in. naiils. raiiijil/lii. l.'-'.'iii. Lnnilnn. iy despatched Mav, J85LI (.lu.^u and" ^^}^;^^^^ : — 'ne.norandmu i..,su,d to Ids ollicrr; Al'Vel Is-I " Austin, Captain I [. T. d iJ; ^, hk'^k' -"ynit.e., Xovetubof, 1851 \ JLoU^UnstnteUi^.Kl'S^ aepartntv,.,; Ma,. I85a, remarks tliei-eou . " I'elurii, Seiifend)er, 1851, remarks, 1851 . ^'4"-"'' "'' tlieir vojage and l>;ick, Sir G 001^0 .~ ~ in.! '''■- •^'^i"''''li"" to the llack IJiver " ' "i"'^'^"^"i*irJame. IW,', vuya^v, ISP.) I'Auj-; .■{:.'S -a I 51 55 72 f)() I7!> llJti 2;i8 ;{2i ;J2(; a7i 281 15 1 18 181 402 2(i(J 217 150 218 180 181 1,S5 2U0 151 178 ISO 18 2!) IJO 151 TVUKX. !): A ' ll i /• 11 ■m. 41 :^lij 1 1 * ■ '[V u,. i &. linck, Sir fK-ovfjo, o]iinif rniiildiii Expedition, and (lirectiun tor BCiifcli, ]Ji'ci'iul>('r, IHI'.I, )(i3; remarks iIutcou oiiiiiioii, reljniiirv, l!sr)(i, ll'at Molville Ir-liiiiil, "WVliiiigloii ('liuniu'l, sliould 1)1' scarchril . . . • J'.nHln . . . . . . JJallooii, fall (ll'at Woottoii L()d;,'«', witli iii.-criiition . . liaiicroft, Cieorgi', ]Cs(i. ..... IJarlow ...... liai'Utti'd, Lieutenant, liis instviu'tions IVoni Captain Collinson, 1851 i'e])oi't of ills journey, ISM, and deatli IJarrow, Sir Jolni, oj)inion us to Korth-\\\>t I'ast-afie, in 1S3G his ])lan .... inenioi'andiuu and opinion, IS 17, on the I'ranklin Expedi tion, G5 ; and the direction to \)c inii'siied lor relieving' it Harrow, John, l''s(|. letter I'roni Captain .M'Clintoek, U.S. 1SG7 . IJarn^w'd Strait, navigation of .... liartlett, John 1\. J'"s liecher, Cai'tain, 11. N. relleetions on Sir John Franklin's I'"xpedition, .and wliere his sliips wore v.iost probably beset in the ice, 185U (contained in tiie " Nautical .Magazine ") . . . . . Heck, Adam, report of two sliips brokeu u\) .'ind wliite men killed, 1850 ■ translation of his second story . ... Heeehey, Captain (lale Admiral) .... — oiiinion mid "plan of search, April, 1S17 ■ opinion on direction for search, .lanuary, 1819 ojiinion .in probable movements of Franklin F.spedition, and direction for search, December, 1819, 103; remarks thereon opinion, February, 1850, that Leopold Island and Cape AValker should be searched, 125 ; and al-o Jones's Sound Jiclehcr, Captain Sir J'.dward, oinnicni on direction for .search, January, 1819 — — reiiiarks on his instructions, 1852 intelligence received by I'riiwe Allcrt of his expedition I'AOi: 105 . 125 . 11 . 219 . 13G . 15 . 178 , 230 . '.>0 31, 35 08 . -1 12 . 21 . 113 . 237 ^ in . 21. . 47 iield, 1853 thereon Inglelield, ^Nlay, 1851 additional orders by PIiwiiLr, Commander Ingle- his despatches by the ritceniv, 1853, and remarks his additional instructions by P//a-)ii.v, Captain return, September, 1851, in the Phaniv, pro- ceetlings of, 333 ; animal life ..... his opinion on the movements and fate of Sir John I'ranklin, desjiafch ..... liig letter to the Atlmiralty, September, 1S5I . Beloher, Cajitain Sir Edward, C.T.. and Captain 11. Kcllctt, C.IJ. ileparture for IJarrow's Strait, April, 1852, instructions l(i() 120 •):i5 127 ir.7 2;!7 18 (i3 90 105 12G 91 250 2G7 280 285 331 33(5 337 338 licllot, l.ii'iilenant exiriicic from his jouinal, 1852 39, Ji5 . 2t;3 I'Aai: IxiM'ditioi), lor, iVolliugton ill Expi'ili- ) search via s and iilaii Eoliring's ', January ilioii, anil uoil in tlio 1850 Ixncditic 125 11 21'.) i;{G 15 178 2;{o y.o 31, 35 r.s 1 i-j. 21 113 237 210 21 47 1(K) 120 135 127 ir.7 237 is (!3 1)0 105 and Cape . 12G Liary, 181'J ill . 250 crl of liis 2G7 2S0 285 331 330 ider Inglo- id I'omai'ks ,!', Captain aenio', pi'o- ato of Sir ;i-, 1851 . tk'pai'linv 337 33S . 2IS 31), 175 . 2U3 IXDEX. J'''llot, Liontcnanl, 1S53 — — -dcMtl, of '. ' • ii^'^t, George . * • . lioohna; G.df'o/^""' ^''' '^'""''^' ^"^'^--' "-' --traction.. ISls' lii'adfoi'd, Mr. ' " ' Uray, J)o . " ' • J-irowne, Lieutenant, 1851 ' ' * 1 urrowji, ,SiI„s E. Esq. . ' ' • • Ifiittou, Sir Tlionias . JJylot . • . . I'AOE . 281 . 285 . 11 81, 85, 8(; . 22 . 181 . 3'J . 182 . I3f) . 11 • 11 4,5 15!) 18 107 13(5 !(} 177 2") Cali wrS".;"'^ ^''^''"^^'•'"V *''^''^- ^liBeoveries Cuj^iight, Mr. paper read bef.re Koyal Geogmp,,™,' S„eidy, kovonibor; Castor and Pollux River ' " • • . 0%?:;^:^;:;:;; it: ,£;:"' !"•'" '-- -^"-s "-^ ^'o'e, De;e..,er, i8iu : t lerke and Cook, Cptains ' * ' • • "»E'; s;;;!;;;,;i t;;;t""' ■':"»■■ ''''] •» ;»«"»» n™» c,,i,t.u,; 7 ~ 'N"'l''l'es received, Deeeiidior, 1851* " ^ <'>'traels Ironi his desnalelie- Is", I -i-r \ , " *^-'' ::::;;;- i>|«ein«enec .veeived Ll; J«5l ' '^ '' '''"""■'^^ ^''^■'""" =^^'« /-I 1,. ~ '''^ arri\(il, ;^^av l,s">'S * ' ■ "^^'' Cc^nsona,nlM.C'hnv^ ' • . 3.0 Cook and Clerke, Captains ^''•^^P'^t^'^^'^. 1850, and report ; remarks .' 1 7.3 Coojier Liouteiianf, irportof his iouniev 1851 ' ' • 1" Coward Mr. G. Captan, oU^r.orLj'iki^ ' " ' ^•^•> h^S.^r!'^""'^^' -';•••» '» ^1- ^'^-^<-. October, 1«53. 28,,-repor,s of ''' Crozier, Captain , '' • • 2'M, 301 ^ ', removal of liis name fi-nm *" v.,,-, t •' j >, • , ' • '^"^ -E-'-ei^^and Terror, Marcii 1851 '''^' ^^'''' ^^'l'' o"'^"^'" of ' • • • . 328 Dannott, Captain Davis, James . _ ' ' • . .49 Dease and 8impsoa ' ' * ' • .11 l^i^^^^^^^^i^^^^^^ completing the coasi of America in 1837 2y Dobbs, Mr. . . " " * " ■ • 11 ^tvSi^''. "'"'''^'''^>- '^-l'^'|^'-^> J-;-y 20, 1850 (Coliinson and Erelu, and Terra >^^a^-^^^^~y^;^p ^^'^^ ^^^""^'^ Sir Jas'.aud Bird) 87 * ' * ' ' • 3 J' Fairliobuo, Lieutenant ^tX^Zt?::^^'''' -^'"■^'' '^'' («-^. «- John, and I'l.iilips) [ ^ ' tn- ' ^'"- '■ '' ^'' ^"^ l^--''='' — e o? 8n. John Frankli.^s ..p.,- ''' r-h Kiver^at, and K..enfs Inl^r, conneeUon betw.^n " -'«' '^ notice (1)1 • . 2r) i'il/,|ames. Captain . _' ' • • .81 II~I I7^ opinion on the iS'orth-Wesf I'a«nm>' " ^^' '"^ '^'i'^' i vefurniniT by way of Siberia, .^c 1817 " '4' -^ extract (', in Prince Allii rl , .\\nw, IS,">0, to oxaiiiiiic 1\i'l,'('iiI's Inlet ; ivnun'ks lin'ivoii , l.')(5 ]m>IIi.i'1)\c . . . . . .11 l-'dx, .N,"\V. Luke . . . . .11 7'ac (Icsiialclii'd, July, lsr)7 (M'Ciiiitocii mid N'onii;:) . . . 412 Franklin, Sir John, opinion mid ]il;ui on Norlli-W'e.-il I'afsnftc in 1S;U> . 22 I'xpeilition ul' 1SJ5 orfj;un/.cd and diivftcd, 3(J ; instruc- tions, 30, 31 J oiiinions on the jilan . . 31, 32 — — Ills instructions . . . 3(j, 37 eluiracti'i- of . . , .17 k'ltor to Admiralty, July, IS I,-, . . . 4S liis rouiiirks on the North- West l'assa£;eand t)io American coast lino . . . . . .11)7 removal of his n one IVoni " Navy List," with ollieers of Z-wv-Z-^.v and 7Vm/;-, March, lsr,|. . ' . . . 32S Franklin Ivxpcdition, plans of si-areli reviewed . . 4I-, Lj, It! remarks on tl"! past search, opinions and prohahlo position, contained in a letter, 1!S5 !■ .... 3S'J __ iri'iieral suiiniiary of the plans, opinions, and results of the past search, lS5f!, |()(> ; probable coui'se ]HUMied . . 418 remarks on the probability of there still being survivors 121 Franklin, Lady . . . . . .38 " " ' . . .83 . 115 lS5l) letterloMr. Earrow, 1S18 . . . . letters to ..... oilers of service from United States and Canada, February, a letter to, Novembei-, ISol letter to the Admiralty to renew the search, 1S3() final attt'mpl to rescue the Fi'anklin I'^xpedition, 1 10 ; sub- scription advertisement, IS'7 .... Frederick, C'a}it. (_'. J5ehrinu's Strait Exj)edition, letter to the Admiralty, Deecndier, I8,j2 ...... — liis arrival, Ueeember, 1853, with despatches Frobishcr, ^lartin ...... Fury and Ilecla Strait .... 134 22(5 129 411 277 . 322 . 11 20,21 I :■ Gale, Lieutenant, 1819 . . . . . . 109 Geographical Society, Eoyal, ))roposes a fresh expedition in 183(5 . 19 report of trip of the I'riiicc Albert, Novem- ber, 1850-51, and remarks . . . . .159 paper by Mr. Cartwright, November, 18.')()-51 159 • paper addressed to Capt. (now Admiral) W. J I. Smyth, and renuu'ks thereon, IGO ; extracts plan of search by Lieutenant Pirn, 1851, 218; ami results . plan, 1852 . subscription in favour of Captain Beatson's recommendation of reward to Commander Im;lelleld, December, 1852, reu.arks therecn paper l)y Mr. A. Petermann, read November, 1852, reviewed paper l>y Mr. A. G. I'indlay, 1852 . paper on jirobable coiu'se pursued by gu' John Franklin, bv A. G. I'liuUav, ]'^si|. 1S5() .... :____ ■ letter by Captain Itichard^, K.N. 1850 — plan of si'ai-eh lor the remains of the Franklin 10x})edil ion by Lieutenant Pirn, K.N. 185(! IGl 219 238 2G9 273 27G '125 131 432 I'AOK rei'ctl at . ir.s Prince mo , 11 , 11 , 412 > 22 iiistruc- u,;\2 M, 37 , 17 , 48 ncncaii . VJ7 Ill'l'l'S ol' , :i2S 41, 15, Hi robablo , 3S'J rL'.- 115 188 33 121 271 19 39, 281 Ooro, Licutoiiaiit " ' ' ■ Grimu'll, .Mr. Jluiirv . . Orinm.ll Kxpcilili,;,,, un.lcr Lieutenant E.' J. Do iu.on Tt'«JN '^\ . 15 ITnll, James ll-.nnton. Captain W. A, ]3. opinion on Si/p. Ueaun;rt's plan; Januar,! '' Ilaswell Lieutenant, report of liis journey, 1853 llnven, Lieutenant P:. J. Do, U.S.N. . ^^^^ "W'l instructions, 153 ; departiiro 1851, arrival at New York; his tlespatcli," October, 1851 ; report IFearno, Mr. . . • • He])burii, Jolm "'■'•• jSl?^ I'^- ^i -"'^'^ "^-l o«^r o^-rvices, November; olFer of service and plan. May, 1852 * on Ins plan . ~" ""'' "^ '"''^''''' November, 1852, 270 ; remarks" 89 352 299 39 154 220 10 175 223 253 aml^PuUen, Lie-.enants, btelligence" received.' June, 1811, report 170 IIoi)pner, Mr. llore, Master ' * • • "Ex;e.mion:T877"' '''''' °" ^"""^"^ '"'^ «™-"^' ^^ "- ^^-nklin "s^So:;:"s:^,;^iSi'^^p"!^''^^^ ^^^^^^^^'"^^ °^ ^'--v^ str^t Hudson, Henry ._"'•' Hudson's B ay Company, formation of, 1088 * ." ' * — expeditions under Deaso and Simpson in' 1837 If er VV>n l«f^„.. t„ t.v _ i . \.. _. __ 18 11 438 439 373 11 15 29 ley Ca]ie, current round Inglefield, Commander (since Captain) offer of tl.'n To^j j \r- , ■' ^^ suggestions for the search, 1852 ^^' ""* ^''° ^*^*'^'' ^^o ; his L_ ^ i" . •■ , • -250 1852 . ^ ileparture in the 2saM, July, • ' . 257 return, November, 1852 ; rejiopt 208 IVlay, 1853, in the P/„e!nx — departui-c for IJeechey Island, — liis return, October, 1853, with' 280 despatclics ; report of his voyace ^ '-' • • . . 284 T\i.,,. lor I ,i,c I- . ~ ~ departure for Eeeehev Inland' -■^ a^, 18j4; addition al instructions to Sir Kduanl Belcher . ;j;., bis arrival, September, 1854 .' '{ija ?i* k-.s iNi)i:x liiijlis, Sir U. If. Fclo'iiiiry, IH'O, iirn<'-* (iDvcrninriil lo (ulu- iiici-JiirrM liir ri'liil', I 1 1 ; (li'li.ilc III lldii.^i' ()( Ciiiiiiiions Iiiri\/ii/ti/iir mill /uifir^ri.w dc^piili'licil, ilinif, IHIH (Uohs, Sir ilanicM, anil lliiil) ....... ilftiiiinrv lil', IH.'d (CiilliiiM)!! mill M'Cliiiv) . . . . ' . J.\(i/i< / (li'.-iiatclic'il, July, 185a (Cuiituiu Iii^^lclickl) .Jmiii's, 'riioniaa . Kmu', Dr. Klislm Kent, U.S.N. ills voyaj^i' (li'liartiiro for Siiiilirs Sound, IVfay, 1853 plan of .scarcli, IS.")3 arrival at Acw York, l!sr>.^>, mid niiort of letter to i\lr. Grinnell, ojiinioii on prcMnt position of the Aretie (Jiiestioii, lS,")(i Krliett, Cai)lain II. C'.U. return of, lfS.")l .... liirt reply to Aretie eomniiltee, Novenilier, IS.'l des| S| I'Mii, \|iril, ls.")2, in>triu'ti(ins . . . . Jv'ennedy, jMr. Wiiliain, arrival; report to tlie Admiralty, October, 1852, -57; remarks tliereon . . . . . i'\t)i: I 15 87 I Mi 257 11 ao 281 282 'M)\ 121) 171 201 2111 21);j \v.v.\ WW l(i!l 170 2 IS 2(;2 landoned . licdv, .Ml'. W departs for lieliritiLj's Strait, April, 1853; voyaijo I'.ellot, T.iiMitenanl, diparture in I'riiicc Albert, May, If 51 ; reasons for resiiiiiiwLr the seart'h 1)1 letti'r lo the Adniirally, I'elirnary, ISIS, on Aretie exjieilitions. / t: )>ropositiou lo reaeii North Smiiersel or \ ii'loria 1. (ipniioiis as lo the route of Sir .loliii l''rankHii, 70 ; opinions on the pro)iositions letter to .Vdmiraltv, I'Vbruarv lU, 1818 iMsli Eivei letter to Admiralty, February, 1850; plan of search by Great 18 81 111 1S5(; letter to the Admiralty, with oiler of sei'vice and reply, Juuuary, Kin;.', J)r. and l^ieutenaiit i'im, their iniitod plan of search, 1S5G Knight, John ..... Kral)be, .Mr. re[iort of his Journey 425 . 1:13 11, 15 . ;!5i J.iulii Fniiill'ni ami Saiihiii (K^palehed, April, 1S50 (I'enny and Stewart) . 1 17 Lancaster Souml, navijiation of . . . . .21 Xr(f(/ I'uii; nv) liir iir, I's, and HI )ii and \U) 257 11 ivi)i;\. « m !53 . 2HI 2H2 ort (if :t!) 1 jfcsillt '12!) 171. '1 . 201 OIVOIl 2! II 2!);{ :(;!.•{ :ui dilion 1(||) 1851, 170 re 1 ir 2 IS 1852, 2(i2 'oyai^o 2/1) Jlay, 175 18 lions, niioiis ns 77 Ml Great 111 luary, 425 ■i:{;j 11 , 15 , ;{5i rt) ds to 117 21 171. 121 11 k; ii;5 IS oi)0 |.",!( MacKcn/ic (al'IcruMrd- Sii' AJcxandrr) ''^"'' j;:=:>::;:'::x,^ '"•••': ^ ; --> m.-n,.i,rin.-s j;; A^lnnraK,, JWnl.::r^2 '''?'''' ""';'''' ''■^'"■'''""". '••''■'• '" 'I- "' 27S MariHon, Mr. Marsjmil, Mr. M lis ilcspiili.ju.s, 1K5|. inlflliguiiiv rccfivod, 1S51. J\Ia\.nii)ir, Worsiii, accoinil oC Ihh deal! M'Clnilock, McnI.nanI (unv Cautain) rt'jiiirt ;autie,dMa^M/ine,''.lasshotllesi;,nnd,iiote, 1S5;{ '. x^u;VA Mr/'drsiiatrlied, Afav K; IS I') > ^ >" • A'orlli-West I'assa-e, diseovery of, 1S5I.. "Observer, An," oh.erva,ion.an,l plan l,....,.n.l,. 117: nmniuu .•.ro, :t(; K) ;ji:i 15 15 Mooro and Ivellelt, (.'aptiMns, .lespalei.es, .lannarv, is: Mvnu,,,, Herald, estraet iron,, OetoI.er, 1853 ; .da.s b thereon . > j r^ " ;. u 7;$ 177 2;io 111!) 170 liii; '10 117 ;iis III) ;i57 IIH I(!() iM»r.\. !'■ 1 ; ': > Omnmrii-y, Ciiptiiiii Iv Hi-poit, IS,' I ... — his reply to .\rclii' ('i)iimiitti'i', Niivi'iiilpcr, IK.M — - — — — — n|Mprl III Ailininill V i>f Iii.h iM(|iilry iiiln llic liii't:^ nl' llic Hllipr* HCiMI Iiy (lie /{riiorii/iiiii ; ri'iii.irlx^ (ini'i'iiii, IS'i'J — — -— — • liiH iiruiiositioii Id iillciiiiil to I'c'iicli tile I'lili', ( )i'liitMi', IS.'))! . (•iiiiimtii'N , I'l.atiil Austin, II. T. Ciiiiliiiiir^, diinirluiv nl, -M^iy, IS.'O, l.'d ; iiin! iiistiHiclioiin, mid ri'iniirii!* llu'iroii .... — ri'luni, St'jiliinlM r, is.'il ; ri'inuik* liu'reoii ....... Of2, and ri'iniirks llu-roon ri'iKirt oi' liir* jdiiriu'y, \H7>',i J'alincrsUni, Lord, nu'niorial to, urjiiii;,' aiiotlu'r iNpidilioii, and rcpU, .luni', |s,-)(5 . . . . . . ■ . Tari'}, Sir Ivlward ...... Ills rciniirks on tin' Old AN'ortliics ri'iii.irKs on Sir .Injin l''r,iukiiii roply to ,\diiiii':iity, h'tliniary, lSt7 opinion on |)r. !\in;,'"s Iclli'r, l'"i'lirii.'irv lilt, ISIS opini(iii on proliiiMc inovcnu'iit.i ol' tlu' I'lMiildin I'lvpcdi- lion, DiwinlH-r, iSlit, lol ; n-marks tlnrcon — opinion, and plan ol' Hoarcli liy way of MclvilK' Inland, Fi'lirnary, IS.'O ...... l'oaliii(l\, Mr. Cicorgo .... IV.I, L'Sl, and imto IVaton, .Mr. I.fwis, voluntoors olli' of tft'rvii'c, .lanuary, 1S,')2 ...... I'fcl Sound, irnuirk^ on, IS,") t, and prolialilc coiirso of the l'"riinkliii I'Apitlilion I'liMv-, Mr. Iclti'r as towliilc incn seen near .Mai'kt'ii/.io Hivi'r in IS 17 Vfll_\, Sir .loliii, liart. li'tlcr from llii' Admiralty, .Marrli, IS 17, .").'> ; and reply JVnny, Captain \V. plan of scareli liy JJalliu's i5ay, and oiler of service, J)e- eeniber, ISUt; letter to Admiralty . . . . oilers to examine Jones's Soniid, ite. December, ISH) results of liis expedition, ls,")l — (ravellinf; rejiort, 1,S,')1 ; reiiKirks thereon his re]ily to Ari'tie eonunitlee, Noveniher, 1S51 oll'erof service to explore l^iieen \'ii'loria Clmnnel, Jnnunry, ]S,')2, and reply from Admiralty . . . . . oilers of senicc, and two jilans of scardi, Xoveniber, 1S,")2 I'eiiny, (^ai)tain, anil Stewart, Mr. A. ilejiarture of, April, iSoO; instruc- tions to, 1 17 ; remarks thereon ..... return, Sept. 1S51 ; remark.' thereon I'eterinmin, IMr. A. paper addressoil to Ailmirally, January, lS<'j2, ivviewed; remarks tliereon ...... eomnnmicatioii to the Admiralty, .November, 1852 IMiipps, Captain, his remarks on the Old ^Vul•thics I'iiipps and Lutwidi,'e ...... I'hiilips, Commander G. and Koss, Sir Jolm, departure of, in Filix xmiX Murij, Ai>ril, ISuit, and (hrections ..... Phil nix despatched to IJeecliey l?land, T^lay, 1S53 ((^iptain liii,'Iclii'ld) despatched to JJeceliey Island, May, 1X51 (Captain IuhIcIrIu) I'lckcrsijill, Lieutenant .... ISl 2117 I.'. I I7.S ;•;{ II.-. HID 2;i.". 2!M» Hi I IS i:t 17 :u\ 77 KM 122 l(t| 2;i(J ;((;2 7;{ &(! Ids 121 1S7 LSU 205 2:11 270 1 I!) 17S 210 27;{ i;} 10 I.j2 2 so ;i:ii l(j iM)i:\, I'.m. I.I.Mr. <-...», M.i;.nnn•„ wtvii; also |iN.|iiiiMini\ iv|mmN, .\|piiI, |m:>(» ~~Z~77' ;-,,'^'l''7."'"''. '^*''l. "I'''T- H |>lan MM.I HorvirrH (.. r", uv{ an" i'X|.r(lili...i l.> |{n,r knlyn.ii, .'ir. ; ,v„„n'k. iImt. . "7 _ - '"^ HKVlin/,' with III,' nvw ,.f /,ir,sfi,/„fnr "'••". I.-Mil.'im,.l .m.l ICih'tr, Dr. tli.n- „m,(,,1 {a.h ..f ...,„;.|,, |s,-,,; ' n.iiis lor sciiivh 111 IN,)(( ivM.'wcil . _ ' r/nrrr, II. MS. .nils lor Itrlirin-'s Slr,u(, .iMiiinrv 1, ISIS I niicl .s liiiv l'.M|iiiiiiaii\ ,v|)iirl . ■ ■ • t'rn,,;- Alhrrl ,lrs|,,,i,.|i,.,l, .Imu-, l.sr.d (FursM'l, ,„„| s,i,,») I "Urn, Cai.lain, ni>l ni,.|.„M. Worn Adiiuraltv tn, .lanuarv -r,, 1S5(. Ml rliifr..,..;.' nrciv.Ml IVoiM, .^taiJi, \h:,u\ aii.l r,.,,,.,'! ,7" ",: '"■- 'li'^i-atriics iiy /'//„„;,,., IS,-,;! I Nlirn, Laulnmnl.a.i.l .Mr. II„„,K.r, ii.trlli...,uv .vmr.;!, .1 ,...., L%1; rq.„r( I.'m.', Dr. iMs(nwlin,H fr.Mii Sir (i. Simpson, Janim-y, IHoO — • jn Ml,;^,.,,,.,. r,r,.v..d Iron,, .M,,r,.|,, Isno, an.l .vi.c.rt [ ''"'■'•((> Sir .loliii Kiiliani.xoii, April l,sr>l —— - iMl.lii...n.v or, N„v..n.lM.r ls.-,|, an,! ivpoH of i.j. j„urn..y "i'''lli;,"'ii.'; r.porl ^ ^''^^'-^lii'i's f" llio AdiniraKv, ,Jii]i,>, |,s,j2 l''"''i" ||> Adinirallv, Oclolicr", IS.-jI 17'" . jrV''''' ''''■''"'•''''*"''''■'''''''''■ '^''"'"•'illv, lHr.(i Kac mul Uiclianlson, Drs. dcpartniv oC, .Maivli' ISIS aii.i i>l„, ,/ i Ki'id, ( aptaiii C'liarlis, oIHts .scrviivs KvinMrks on tlio Krankli,, inslru-tions, and the ca»He« ol",i„.,„.,.,...nil vc.,,]u H'/ ; close o I till' year IS.^O muh^, ''oinniam^Vr"'''""' I""' '""''^•'^' ''-l-*''''-'- ^^'v, 185(, (.(u.tin and 7 rr"7' T" ^''*P"*'''"'''. ■^"•il, lsr,2 (IVlrhcr and lullrlt^ Ji.numis ollered lur assistaneo rendered lo Sir John Fnnikhn; Alaivh,' I^Minrds, Coinniandor (since Captain), ivport 'of his journey, lS5;j' , A-;.i„,v and Trrror, 1850 7" ^"'"^'°'"' '''""'' ''"^ ^'"' '''"- '^'' """ Ivichardson, Dr. (afterwardd Sir John) .'_"■• opinion on the kortli-Wesl J'a.,sa^'i!' — - remarks on Sir Jolm Franklin reply to Admiralty, Fehrnary, ]s"l7 — observations on the propos..d relieving expedition in' — final plan of proeeediiifTs, Fobriiurv, ISIS — reporl Iron. (Jreal lie.ir Lake, Sep'len.her, Is is — In.s reliirii, November, Isiy, and report — opinion on duvetion lor search, December, isi!» |(i;{ .' Il-.l I' wii; 171 -17 ;ti:: \:m i:i:t I -'7 7;i i.-.(i 17.'. IIS I Hi :ii:,' i7(; 1117 117 L'l.'. ■l().-> K|. II.-. I (Hi l.'O liJS :{.'j2 28!) in 1H3(! 1HI7 remarks thereoi "So.ind^ \ °^''"'°"' ^'^■^''"'''•.v. l«^"u. ".s to Lancaster and Jones's ToTl^TTiTTu '".^™°™"'^1"'" respecting Esqninmnx reports <,btaineci iiom .uu».-ian aiitliontie.s, iebruaiy, 1851 . ••"mu ],i^ j,^,j,j^. ,^^ ^^.j.^. committee, November, ]s.>l Ktl ]S 21 47 .%1. >'^, Sir ,l;i!i)e> ('. ri']ilv lo Ailiiiiraltv, Aliirrli, is 17 . . . r>(i ■ — \>iliinUM r.-i his :-il'vifcs, >i(Hclhlirr, 1M7, (iS; his )pIiih lor ri'iii'f, Urri'inlHT, 1S17, (!'J ; ciiijlliolis Oil the plan, 70; [ijaii of ri'licl' by way ol' l!o!n'iii^''s .Sliail ..... I'l'inarii- on Dr. Jviiiii's Icltcr, Foliniary 'S.i, ISIS — ■ ■ udililioiial insti'iictioiis liy Sorl/i S/ai' and wliiK-rs, ISli) ivtiirii ai)(l ri'|)i!rt, >ioviiiihor, 181!) . opinion on i)rol)al)lo jio.-itioii ol' tlio i'.rvlius and Ttri'ur, Js'ovt inl)i.'i*, ISli), lOli ; remarks tlu'ivon .... snjjgi'-lions to (ho Adniinilty, SfptcnihiT, 1851, iiiid ro- mai'ks (hi'i'i'on . . . . . .211 Ivoss, Sii- .lanii'H, and l>ird, K. .1. t'ajitains, and iiislrnitions, 1S18 81, 85, SI! Hos!', Sir tlohn . . . . . , IS — ■ opinion OH lik' Norlii-\\'rst Passntri' in 1SUI5 . . 211 lottor to Admiral' I ;S('])ti'niln'r, IS 10, and ivply . .M* — letli'i' to Admirally, flannai'v, 1S17 . . .51 li'tUr lo Admiralty, lu'brnarv, is 17 . . . 52 Si'pti'inhi'r, IS ll>, oili'rs iiis fcrvict'^ ; opinions I hori'on . ijo plan and ollor of si-aivli, Jan. II, 1S50, to ^Iclvillc Island and IJaiik.s' Land, 115 ; t)])inion llioivon . . . 115, IK! (Ifspak-lk's furwai'di-'d by tho lliulson'd Day Company, Scptcmbi'i", 1850 . . . . . .157 ■ — — - ills ivply lo Arciic romioitttx', Xovcmbor, IS51 . . I'J'J n, lCs(inimuu\ 1212 t'liorl: IVat. ivturii JSt'pli'mbe'r, 1S51, ivsults of the expedition, lCs(]nimuu\ rc>]ilies to Caplniii Austin, and remarks thereon c>ll'ers his services, January, 1852, aceompanied by ^Ii'. Lewis lloss. Sir tlolni, and l'liilli]is, Cr. Commander, departure of, i' Felix and Jllari/, April, 1S50, and direrlions Eupert': Land, desiiateh to jfovei nor and eonneil of, Mairli, IS 15 Sabine, Colonel reply to Admiralty "March, IS 17 Dth, IS lit opinion on Inr James lioss s voyage am Kc id search, Ja IS 1)1 -opnnon Jan. 1S5(>, as lo diri'Otion taken bv SirJolnil'"raiiklin 12S Saunders, .Mr. J. S. Master E..N. sailed in Ao/V// .S7,(/-, .Mav Hi, ISIS) 'JO elurii ill y<)r/// ISldi; September, 1850 . 157 Seoresby, Eev. Dr. visits Greenland, note his reply to Areiie Committee, Xovcinber, 1851 Serogijs, John ...... Sli.re, Mr. James, report to the Admiralty of two ships seen on an iceberg, IMareh, 1S52 . . " . Sheddon, R. l'".s(i. note ...... Shelil 'plierd 1- .Mr. G. ISIU Simpson, Sir George, rejily to Sir John i'elly, ^lareh, 1817 ■ instructions to Dr. liae, Januarv, 1850 itii, I rancis Snow, Mr. W. I', plan of search, January, 1850 proposes, January, 1851, an expedition to Lancaster Sound and OrilUth Island proposal expedition to Eeliving's Strait, 185;} Snow, Mr. \V. P. and Commander luir.syth, departures of, in Fi June, 1850, to exainiiie Ei'gent's Inlet ; remarks thereon .///«')•/. 17 ID'J 211 117 loo 5(! 107 10 135 170 28;5 1 51! Soji/iia and L'ulij FrauLini tlespatclied, V Stewart, Captain, his er.^ilorations, 1851 Apvil, 1850 (I'liiny and Stewart) . 1 17 188 i i r INDKV. I'Ai.E ivli . SI. . 227 r>ii Mil lor iot' by , 71 , 7s IS ID !K4 !)(! 'crrur. , 101 lul IV- . 211 8]', h 5, S(! , IS , 2(5 , f)0 , 51 , 52 Uo [slaiul iir ,ll(i ipauy, J.-)? . i;}!> iiuaux , 211 *>l •> M 1 _^ Lewis , 2;5(! V ami , 152 • 5(; . IS . 57 nuary , 91 nikliii 12S , iK) 50 . 157 , 17 , liiii , 15 rbopg, , 211 1!7 , loll , 5(! 107 , 10 135 50uml , 170 , 2s;$ Ihcrt, , i5r. •0 . 117 188 !(;;{ •^''•«fir(,(',ipfnin,ro„,nrksonW,-lli„r.tnn('h,„„,.l K-, , , ''^'ii: -^^.^, :;:;;;^i:-:-™r';;;; ^^ .;:: ns; : -; rnriMrk.- Ilicivoii . "', -ipul, IHoO j liis'.nicli.uis („, I 17; , ^''•-■.•it h>l, |{iv,r, 1S5(; '"""^""''^'"'l' ->' '■xiH'.l.lion to (1,,- ui„u,l. of .^"'•"•'' ^■'•■.lolm ■ • • . . !,,.> ''"'"IlirrlaiKJ, Dr. Ta_vlof, ,7. Esii 'J'l ■ ' Id: . Iss ISS, 257 Kill )l'l'U'll • . I7ii • II 11 • . ;ii5 . . i;i;{ •fi>ii, ;ii!) ; 1'.' I'lii'.s . ;{2() '|iliMnlii'i , Is ")2 257 'I-', iJaiiii "■}, IS51 ;{2 1 ;i7;{ !i<; ■ iiil'liliniiMJ iiHlriicli,,) i'tniagiuii, I'oint . . A'aii; 'mil ^y.Kn- Tiilot . _ Waiter J^'ivir ' " • . . _^I<«'|', ra|„-, roiito from" ' " • • ^^^y^^^^::x:f'' "• ^'"'•^■'' ''^'"''^ -""— ^f : : '_^_-}^^,Vn^n^, G. Eolinii.'.s Si i-ail , 1 ,S5 1 j,^.^ annd, uiiu„k> (Iumvoii, uii.ahslk.tory ivs„I,s, , los. ,.|' ,Ik..v,.,,: ^!!!::"-''2''''"f,''^^^^-''''''l.^lVomAd,;,i,.aIlv,M;iivI, 1S17 " " ' ivi7~ ,-,"'■''' "^^^ "'"'ii-'ls lo, Maivli IS IS ;«^oM.V;u^U^.A^^ • . . . ^^«"n Ecv. Josopi;:7n^^™;:! ''• ^""^'•-^> 1- view; of tl,o ..aivl,, 1S52 2 J^J 15 22 21" Ls;{ II 171 •SM 2;{I <;:{ s;{ I 111 "i'KHiiij, Li.-ii(c>iiniit .'i( )( ) . Ill J.^^\v.liIn.K,I.Hnt..;s,^.J,;;;^„l„„„„^.,„;,;■,„,, ^ '"Ji.lTi- JW , "■■"""Ai.x), 'I'illrriii,,^ '/l/ll.I.i.JfJi ^i'he»vu} ihrTnidHX /)(sanvr«-.s .uIIMSUluUi X- imp,-r,rrom HAVYiy BAY TO MllLVlUr. ISLAM) , Coiumuiidiil l)v SuKilw''j;nTv M\'i)& 20. .(■ .'(' H M S. ]mc!l"-It1'(lure's track in the Investiqatcr ^^Siil.oXA.Capt'^ColHnsonfn'. Enterp'ruie l.I//. "...."..'..... l-kll„\<,i..M:::i! ^^v^/""' thin Tec ikiniee thinhv J. \ — ' — ' — \ — I — \ - ■:. L__^ i. '::lj__L .. L Lj;::: , , i Capl"M' Cluiv , ,„ ;; l; S. ImrstiMlor.MiU'd tlastW^iVIMiniM Suvil emmi, CI'Lirry.li\nin,, nil.!,,- Mirn-d Xt:. Ji.uw:'l'i . •>7^■^-^^1^■7)o_g«,mCT•/(^r7a•('J^UIu■n<■J(/^f(oasI/;,^^m.?'\/;w;^>v^■6\^o/In^'u7ll natives loU Capf^Maimiv.thn' hui htcn en boarj t\rpr}CoUin.-!(uis Pup.inl rapt?CdHnaon,.>/7LU .i/Vif.'ijMij,., ,,, (/i,- Si(m/.i,7 ij/yHA),.!,!!?.../ (/i(,. HW,, tr.iletlu'lUckl.r (,.//!,■ V,( XKoiT'llnnw. /i.iWiirm-./.l- iito/ /„, saiU-'i thn-> Heluimj StiU ii.n iwa/.'.; ,i/,./i,i ihe A'. .>/i(>;i- .>;'. Inim,;i .fii.i-iin.t , C. Hd hui^l f?6"'Jiia'J, Ihiuc ,'i ir.i/o .S/(:„C- at it.-i .V H niliaiuv into l\iii\ irnpnietiableluunaol'IfCMLioin^ioW-dlnmtcn'tuinihicllic .•itniil. Ii,- i;v.^fi>/ii,in'iijii.iwir;i?a.2 he .^irviyM.Minto InLi .C- h/Ilbei I .'i^,.lie tlu-n passed A'. S K.tli l)Cii.M'Str.. S-H-inleied lt<52.3w ('ainbndiienq\;YicU'nal.iVul^uu1fmU\ Sh;{^ejonnuiY,Eji:XKto 6,tteslievhlu^h.uiiuinMicd^"ol'i,onotoilu:F,.ofCiipt"\I'^CluJx:!:fartlu'slKinl'--o Eot'MercYRr/heicLapt'^ytHlure.l.'iltheHvestufutorl.^heiluiucpas.-iedlkaSi A('.lialhtirsl/wh.liedoubtedl'*5i-pi''S3),&aiuhoredui(linhJennay.ll'^\\\ himmi this liav :i^"'Julv lti.'<4 die p,\ssed I'.'liivrovX hehnnti .-itr inJiiff'S- ;Vii iPtliire.nheninJWatcs^tr.,taULiinMaivRmis7:frPl\nry'sfitrthest,Xl'ol oiTr. iWih's .'ift-. Kos 63 ' (■"'ilirrvi uirthegt . t. ''<. i V."' X^' """^^^w V^ V- 4.^'' ■••ii.ii.iiii ) ; I , Vr •'iVf Mtiss Sli'iiu«'.'iTun .l„i- IflH /■.!•< ■;.fa- ■ "•/.-> /■.-■ )< //.;■.-/,//. HeralLiSli (V.-t .'.V ..'^•'^•.r:. ■if I , ', "Ak- ••■,',■ '*, '; >();<.'• ;^tms>- y/^ — •4, ^^! *^^' ,..^>*^^ 1 I// I ^ ' '"" „:.•'•'■" 1. 1 " \.,.L. H-ij?;;? A-> ^5^^- /b orU-.i! ('. V'as ■•^ tin* ,^i;iirh . B.oir>'('ioi» J, i.Alilim rt^S^llnl.aml. i'spw-'i ' ■ L-^ — ^ - ( _v ■' Aow/ "A ! Noi'ton Stxim* iVfi tltrt\* t\t:ryrr:t\^ ,r.-r ,v\\*..r •lianarhi,;! '.i- /,v, ;.l , //,„ W;,; , hfi,''liim,;l.i- ii.n „„.(,•,/,, „„, hmi- »./r, f'fl.inM.i /.if iiiuhomUii Mmy Huy. :'/ M-ptltrt).-hn(./.- /.,»,, i-i-,.;7-MmwirroilK><\.-,,db,tlhroH,-hnn.iSli,,it.lmlcciil.hwli>,',ic- /i(>;i-.>;'./(M<'7i,',i,/i;'7,ufu). iyvi'tuhUoil,.hi:tlu-iinj}iUiii<;dDcasc.'il. Dolphin il'nuiii^iirf '!.& Muhoixdui Ciitrdm Ikiy. Il'^\\pi':, ulwrctw ivintcivdJSoSJ-. I'.'liivrovS: hrhnno Mr. irulty'S- iwiilMllMolaiidin the S/ii'n;/ ItiM lvRw^l.^ yM"U\nryk farthe.ilnt i'ollinson when M the X K enliwiX Uo /■I I i/.i/ori/i Mii,\ 7i,M'.f t mdU-iUnrrke lnJUchn J ■ ■'..■i' 0" )r>~w,jJr,. rr'/H. iUlW: leiiiiixi'r , II. Si .>.f'nl,-ifri,\'l Jii/'.;.'!."/' ;;i.i,' ■''^u,. ^ '^ '^ * „ (Junf. ^ '-'^, ■■■■'4M ^ r;!i" ,-(v. A.hi^Lr.)^:, >! "'"^^-'iS^i''!'^' HANKS * Baring <. A.^;r-~^.V?''^^''~''|fc,,ff^'1f|t^(:,- '''■.;^'^. I S L A N 11 7!' M'" -.-^Ltu, y:).:i7/,./„, /. .^1 \ V 'Am • . '< ■ ' ■ 1 1 """'* V. ■'/«/h! Lmdm.ruh'.'iSDS.lu- .' .iriowsniUhJO Sohc >'.»iii/v [/"^•S 'rTTiail AfTwi/T.* Tt-jrr-ier,pc trr r/^lc'^rr,i i\-:'rr.,-filt.: Dt.:. 'i:r !-,i\yarf /<.'//.';.t,s !):sri^\-'nfs ^ir,' r.'loi„''ed ^*~.^ D'li., I.U) ^ i.:l lin,' .{■ Ihi- Mtiin '.iilii.ifi'lhrr.Hi.ilMl l/ii' :\ Inn- hi' mil ■'<>'inU' J l,:irl,' t IUuhiir.it l/ifi(7i' lY.iliiiii rn lliijC. Ti (/;.(» i'«'/''I'>n(/i'_ I oiil ('/'(ill//; iiii.i'cr... Vi,.>5^ ^^^#""-.'^'S^^ :■ j)^ B A R I ]^ G V ^^3' >-;:-^--^ i^>^ . sou viy r^ ■'^Lj-fOip IPdurt Oil 2fMM _,»<» ,i»* B A R R O Ifc^j*^* "* "■■■ - XB?^,. . Shtr N. SOMERSET ^ —^y 4; '/; I ' ;;^'*:-^ £ ^^,.2u ^^^5""" I & .fY*'" BaayB-^ L s'^> ( CAesirallB. ra. OJ iwlALK S 1 |;'i/:i/i,;/,./ia/. \ ^ V, i W O L L A S T Q S X» -^^^^ ^>\. ^^'•V, 1 fl -J-'- ' O B0OTUIA \ »i. Oanii^\__^_ - jM-- -4*" «' y ..-1 ^« V; "■' '^ i- li'h,<;iu//i,/i' ,>.\i/i,) >',^(ui/>' ,' /''(I,,;. iv.i(m;'(.-,: -111''". '••''''••' h"i»ri F,',:.,i.nri, )iii-rrn J^ ^ ^e^ -I -i ^-v. -1 1 1 — 1 -S ■ . ■ . ^ 1 i I ■'.,/„/^.,l sm-- lv,„■,•,,,•.^•..^' fn,r,/,;r,;.-i;j7'/..;7/y frpcM,^ . laiuLlTlJU'^mfi.hJ.Am iifmuUoii.-i'liimc.l :•, D Kiu- iK'4 tn!iv."xd . - .- -^ — f- jno T— r mxifS^ k'lrlc'nii H"* 0' H,!'.: H,:i,fr /•'.M ,1'Athert ;. Jl.lf Mnnl ' r, I'rttimilc i"* (Jjouaiat 4:_i__i_l_J I I 86 . ■'/■ ^' ^*^* e I ^ctonftArehtp? C£den I k Hamilton I B A R R. O ?._ Ui,. yf.<^rsi^^d-XtovoiA 1 ^— TO I I ./■ '1^ // *•!»» WtP Baay . Ill \ CiesvsIlB. 3, . '^ • H 1 A \ L ^", "-~^A4..wrL.>_ ._, _,^ ^_ ,^.. .OELft(*5t?!S?^ , »«' ,,!"'* *^5 iJuii/i* '.I. " \ «ln^i-i^^. ,-..^L^-,^ - .SomhiODptxin I. 8)0 lor^ionJ^uh 1SI'S.\ , J.Arrottsrrulr^ J,? 5' ^j' Sau/ire