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GREAT COLONIAL PROJECT OF CONNECTING HALIFAX AND QUEBEC BY A RAILROAD AND ULTIMATBLT THE ATLANTIC hsim THE WATEKS OF LAKE HURON; ft WITH AW APPEMDIX, Illustratlire of tlie Co«t, Mode of raislnff the Captlal* and Returns. t;; J, ' ; Vi' V' *-kX' •■'.■:^ ^feiW . f «"& ■ Bs (S^torgt II. Eonng, :iM- hmJ 1 ,if tiAP-iffti Vf^ ^'^^^^iii§ SMI- p?yA^ »r^^' ;^ Aa, T a :^:m ^? ./.;•■* • n vi ^^^ ■ '' snmKl '^ 5j)-. ;"■ I. -^ \ ».:t lif .)e- r>iir I""- a*atJyu.'-i'l -'■^J *^" -i' *■)■!/ 'V' »v .■it:>'ir•i'i^ vtlft^,zr-:,\ r/ii:: '.}fM ->; ON THaS PROJECT OV CONNECTING HALIFAX AND QUEBEC BY RAILWAY 4 .'It ;'«^Kr, AHTICLE I. To JElirs Exeelkncy Sir John Harvey, K. C. B, Liaitenant Od» vemor and Commander-itt'Chief of the Province of Nona Seotia^ %Ue BilfilsiR FroTi Ace»— The Mail and Pasaenver Boat* 1b«tw«cn the Old and the New INTorUU-and HaUfay «ke ShippteBK Port I ** Tbera be Uirea thing* which make a nation grrat and prMp«roui,— a fertile toil', htuf «wkiheps». ud eaiy eonvcyaace for bmii and conmedltica freai one pl««e lo aaotbc r."-* LOBP Ba it is at Uin«s the duty of rulers to tzka the isad of public opiri- km, and to be guided by recondite and searching views into the lutore. We address Your Excellency now because ve believe nioh a crisis is at hand. Wa will solicit you to adopt a bold end decisiTe policy — to assunse large responsibilities, and to lend the whole weight of yonr official influence; and the aid of the ac- tive talents you have at command, to push forward a mighty ■oheme. But the use of these wUl not be without the promise-^ the certainty of reward — a brilliant and stable reputation, and th« best and sweetest recompense, the cheerful serenity of one's own ooasetcnce, inspired and br^htened by the thanks and esteem of grateful thooaands. While Your Excellency was presiding over the aflfairs of New- foaadiand, the Legislatures and the people of the three aist^ Pifovinces, were engaged in the discussion of a project, preceding all others in its vastness and importance. We allude, of course, to the project of connecting Halifax and Quebec by a Railway .-hiuI' §»tM in gnage ; direct in line, as far as the geograi^ical features of Coootry will permit ; and fitted for the transportation of liftht goods and passengers. This is the first areat doveloperaeot. Ita lMitsi?e grasp. iji \i f i After reaching Quebec, it is designed to penetrate to the faf west, — to circulate on the British 'side the Lakes of Canada, and to front the state of Michigan, either at Windsor or Port Sarnia. Last session Biils passed the Legislature of Canada to incorporate Companies for the continuation of the line from Montreal to King- ston, onwards to Toronto, and thence to Hamilton. The Compa- ny organized to run the line thence to Windsor or Lake St. Clair, ha?e commenced operations ; a large portion, if not ail the stock set apart has been subscribed for in England, and since the late return to Canada West of its main projector and able advocate,~Sir Allan McNab, a Director of the Board in Canada, has gone to London to take up his residence as an official agent, while the Company have already drawn upon England for .;£30,000 sterling of its capital ; they are making preparations to t>egin the work on an exten- sivo scale in the ensuing Spring. Theory, so far, has been reduced to practice, and speculation has been changed to action. These are the central parts of the great line, but all arc expectant and calculating on the completion of the extremities. They look for profit, not to the local only, but to the tva^ trade. It is our part to reach them from the Atlantic ; that task has been assigned to us ; as for ulterior intentions, the line as sketched oat may yet terminate on the shores of the broaS and rich Pacific. Bonaparte was reputed great because he connected the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean-~the Rhine and the Rhone, by canals : Prince Metternich, the reigning spirit of Austria, if not of the old dynas- ties of Europe, has mado the waters of the Elbe and the Danube to mingle together ; but what are those projects— mighty as they have been regarded in the past,in comparison to ascheme,which,crossiog sixty degrees of longitude, traversing the surface of the New World for a distance of 4000 miles, will, if accomplished, render the transit so facile and unbroken, that the car which leaves Halifax with its freight of goods or passengers, mat/, at the end of the fifth day, reach a terminus on the River Columbia, and set them where they will be ready for embarkation tor the fertile Couiitries, lying to the North, or for those Island worlds which stud the Eastern Archipelago. Where a scene of active and instant creation like this ! Nature, in the matchless and mysterious majesty of bet powers, not content with the broad fields which she has already formed, is there gradually rearing from the bosom of the Ocean new Islands and wide theatres for the arts and sciences, the literature, tnd the Institutions, with which man is now enabled to embellish^ ^dorn, and sanctify his nome. We look on the approach to the Pacific as not an impos$ibU result. We have already traced the line, in its practical details, to the waters of Lake St. Clair. On the west side of the Lake, starting from Detroit the line is nearly complete to St Joseph, situate on th^ JSastern shores of Lake Michigan. It was arrested last season, when it had reafftied just half way across the Southern side M tbtt peninsula, washed by Lalies Huron and St Clair, which forms the #ft(e. A e6mpMy of Capitalistf In Boston bought tho ontire stock in April last from the Legialatare of Michigan, and have come under contract to run the line to Chicago, the capital of Illinois. This itself is a point distant only ! 2000 miles from Halifax ; and if the means be now adopted which we have within our reach, and the Imperial government afford *\w requisite sanction and peoon« iary aid, which will come back to her with ten*fold returns, we have no fear, that, before the end of many years a line of Railroad, to this point at. least, may be completed. It may be bold and startling, but it is an advised assertion, which we intend to vindi- eate by proof. Oh the line startihg from Halifax and reaching the bend oftha Potticodiac, it is to break off into two great, but diverging, branches ; one to point to Quebec, the other to St John, to St Stephens; Calais ; to Bangor, Augusta and to Portland, — whence wd have now a clear course to Washington and to Charleston, South Carolina — but at New York, that London of the new world, that bustling scene of commercial wealth, enterprise and intelli- gence, and in the other Atlantic cities of the Union, they are pushing vigorously forward a series of magnificent schemes. In the Old World the devielopements of science and intellect are elec- tric and astonishing^ but in it they have no adequate scope. Europo is cut up aind carved into different principilities and states, possess > ing no common bolid of sympathy and union. They are sepo* rated by diversified laws, language, thought, and by the action of rival, if iiot hokile, Legislatures and powers. Enterprise there hns thU^ to Work #ithin tiar¥0\itr knd guarded bodnderies. But in the new'wOrld, where the improvements of Europe are rapidly em- hrabed and adopted, they have a space-^with measures from horf- son to horizon, bne after iinother, in almost endless suceessiorfj worthy of their grandeur and magnificence. The Governor of the State of Ohio, in his late message to the Legislature, acting upon an elaborate report laid before Congress at its last session, and now before us, has warmlj recommended the Railroad from theic Territory to the Oregon. It is spoken of there no longer as a wild, impracticable speculation ; and it is the peculiarity of the American people, that, at one and the same moment, they, speak; and they act, resolution and movement are generally cotempora- neous. The Hon. Mr. Quincy, the Mayor of Boston, so deserr- edly and universally esteeitaed for the personal sacrifices he mado to complete the Great Western line from Boston to Albany — peril- ling in fact, in tk spirit of genuine and singular patriotism, his own large fortune to save the enterprise at a season of difficulty and disMtei^— thus spoke in a late address (March, 1846) to the City 0<]>uiicii| '* A few jrc*n agoi, B«MtM» had no fMilitiM for eonnuDieatiBg with ti»' Iirtwior. • • • • • Fira yean ago, Boaton had, eomparatiraly, na^ IniMcjfi^tryj.nolr.AiiMbUttdrvd milat of Naw J^glaAd rail toidi eantrt. bWvt knA u many more, within New £a|;]and, ara io tba proeau of eoottUM» •iM). ThflM randcr Boston Mnpfaatioilljr htr eapiUl. Aid I know mo pnwdtr foaition fa* * Ciiy than to bt Mie point that eooaootrataa tba tPWfy and wtaUli of luoh a body of iaduttriou(| intalligCDt add vlrtwoua fraameot—of Amariaaoi* nativca of thit soil, who promota her prosperity in paaea aa readily as their father* defended her in war. • * • • • Considered iii this light alone^ the position of Boaton is one of present power, with a eertainty of rapid ad* Tanoenient. J3ut her oonneetiooa already stretch fsr beyond Nv w England* She is on the high road bftween Europe and the West ; and that vast oouulr/ has beoonaa Iributory to her increaie. The oar that lesves our City this rooro* init, rosy depotite its merohandias in thirty aii hours, on the shores of Lako Erie, 6Te hundred miles from the plaee of ita departure— from tbonee lalabd atas, navigable for Tcssela of tba largost elan, stretob away for hundreds of miles along shores fertile for agrieulture, or rieh in minerals. Canals alif^idj eonncet these l«kc« with the valley of the Miuitsippi, and with the aavigabM waters of her nnd her tributaries, whiah, estending twenty thousatid mfl««, oomoaunieate with forty thousand milea of shores uuriTallcd in fertility. But mora rapid mod« of eommunieatlon will this year bo opened. • • • * • But these era bnt a small part of the railwaya, that ara to ioerease tb« proi^ti rity of Boston. There are already in proeess of oonstruetion, roada atretobuif towards MoHieali Burlington, Ogdtnsburgh— rosds brsnching from Albanj < will reaeh Kingston, and eitend thence through Canada West, others runnNi^ from Buffalo to Detroit, on both sides of Lske Erie, will ere long reaeb thd Vpper sourees of the Missis^ippi^oNd tktthili it new b«ri% that wili tt$ thitif ttrminale at tht Pacific.'* The line is now complete from Allxtny to Buffaloi, it ia in tb» . |)rogres8 of construction from thenoe to ^anduaky on the fioutb shore of Lake Erie, and a line is building from Erie to Cincinati^ on the Ohio. New York thus taps that valley by the aegment of H circle** Proceeding South, Philadelphia and Baltimore bat« their canals and Railroads, crossing ihe Alleghaniea and enltrg-r ing the rebources of their trade with the rich produets of the Ohio Talley, A line is actually contemplated, as neai the coaat of .th« Atlantie as practicable, till i| touches Tampa bay in the Qitlf of Ale^tico, and another penetratiiig the interior South |Q|!l«w.Q|leBU wrthe shipping port of the Mississippi. ,*v,i^i'i-T -.;?>, ^h? ' * Three grand schemes are now in progress ip the United StSitas — The BudMn JRIrer Rl^i< Nsd to connect New York and Albany— a Central Railroad Rftm Phllsdelphla to Tlttstiuif h .nand TlKouroQs efforts are maliinit bjr public meetiugs vu^ otherwise, to a^ueo the ptlhNai feelitiii in faToiir of Whitney's project. A public meeting was held «t D^Btlqnt^ as far bask as 1838, at which a memorial was prepared to Congress, praqrlag that grania might fce '■ The vast importance of this work, not only to Pa Baqne, and Sinipee— the point of ter-' SloaMoaop the opposite sie Justiflablf [p iacurripg tho direct oatlaj of a seas soAaiaBt to dmiy > the cost of constructing, for lu own bentfit, Kailroads npoa all the leading routes tkrongboiMk the Union. ' ' " But the poweis with which it is rested by the Constitution, ary not adequate to the adop- tion, of thb course, excepthtg where the General Goverameat sUU owns the right ef soil, aad s^vereiga^uriidicMon. This is the case within the Mmits of the rd heaven, — the Electric Telegraph, by Professor Morse, lending lin fact to human thcught an etherial wing,— the resolts of thtf steam engine, in conquering the inertnest of matter, and increase Ingour powers of locomotion, so far transcend any former concept tioR, — investing nature in fact with such vast capacities, and maif with powers so mighty, before hidden and dormant, — that he wonld he daring who would rank even tuoh projects as these we here te*' for fo in the range of the imposaibte. '''^ ' All we mean to say is therefore, that they may be acoompliehfd;- CMunibas flonght to cross the untrscked ocean of the West lofind' i shorter and seaward course to the East. It will be a curious/ ind yet a glorioos, achievement, if his predictions should thus be verified ; and the voyage from London to Canton.which now occu^ pies (tamjour to six months by the Cape df Good Hope be reduo^ ed, for such is the table contained in the Report laid before the American' Congress,— to MtXy-dne days I - PasBttfg, however, from these more distant and dotibtflil, but gigantic schemes, we reiarn to thepraetieal. AH that is required of in, h to constract the line first to Quebec, and then from tftw head of the Bay to the Western Boundary of New Brunswick. The Hne is now building from Portland to Angusta, theemlialof Btakie; froffftAugusta to Bangor, it ia ft fly-eight miles, from Bangor to Calais,it is but ttventy-eight tn\\m in a direct line. The eapitaltatt ol Boston, Portland, Augusta and Bangor,'ar0 ready and eager t» complete the chain, if we will engage to lay the line from Halifaic to Calais^ Wes&y thieopon authofity, for dating the last year we have diecussed the project with several of the^f,~>they have a sMidjr eyeupdtt lit remlfeihd advantages, tf the great Kne were only lild te the Iieadt»rt1to Bly^TFaii^^lOO mileefoSt JolMi^«"<th«B6e in, toCtlaU,BotteB would be brojgbt waliin 2Q houri oriU)ir«x ; tnd, if • project now working out be succeMRful to shorten the traniit from New York to Boeton, to 5 or 6 hour8,>~we would be within 30 hours of the former city. We are now separated from tho States by a boundary almost impassable for five months of the year-the aea voyage ia perilous,*— (he land route deterring and repulsive. In Bummer it is costly by sea, or tedious by the inland route ; but let this connection be once accomplished, and by a sudden'lraund w« are brought into instant contact and rivalry with all the life, talent, enterprise, science and literature of the first city for intellect and public spirit in the neighbouring Republic. What the eflect uf this change will be upon our prosperity and progress— upon tho expansion and activity of mind, and the developement and enlarge* inent of our resources, it will be our duty before we have done to ahadow forth and color. With such resources at our command we •re actually asleep ; comparatively with others. Bring us into the circle ot modern enterprize and improvement, a fresh ardour ai^ a new vigour and activity will be iospired^and the beams of a happier fortune rarify and illuminate the whole atmosphere around us. This project has hitherto been mainly looked upon as local and provincial. The inquiry has been, what resources has Novaoch large and corresponding re* turns. To illustrate the statistics of the question, much labour has been bestowed in the prospectuses of the projeotorB,in theReportof the Halifax Committee, and also in the printed table aubmitte4 by Idr, G. R. Young to the Committee appointed by our Assembly las^ session to report on this subject. The latter was copied into the Ha- lifax Times, into the papers of the neighbouring provinces, and in spmepf the. Railway Journals published .in London. In several of these Jt was spoken of favourably ;-~it8 general results, so far as wa know, havQ neither been impeached, nor qoestioDed. But to confine our Tiew to the Voco/ effects of this project is an eiropeoue and banrow oalcula^ion. It ia a scheme not Provincial nor Colonial only, nor ia \% iofeiy British — it is the first step from the sea of an eiUireljf »«ip> rqad between the Old, World and the New. Spread a map of thar worJd upon the table, said the Honorable . Captain Owen last snmmer, while in Halifax, and it will be seen, that, bf running a straight line from Valentia Bay across the Atlantio, the Soutb-eaat cos of Nova Scotia is the nrst and nearest jpomi of approach in ti j Western World. . From Valentia to Caoaaau the diatanoa is 1669 atatute, and 1806 gaographied mtlas, Ip 1h«« ,11 I tnfliDortndum of obMrvitioni prepared for Sir W. Colebrookr, and laid before the Legislature of Nova Scotia last session, that d)^tin•• guiahed and able officer has said that the " rate of locomotion by Bteain,by8ea'Way,may for compnriaon be assumed at 13 geographical, equal to 16 ntatuteable miles per hour, or 300 milen per day." The royage across the Atlantic to Canseau or Halifax may, under favo* rable circumstances, be accomplished in six, or six and a half days. But the speed by railway has now reached 40 to 50 miles per hour. The diflTerence, therefore, between transit by land or by sea is two and a half, or three, to one, — the same journey that would require two and a half, or three hours, or days by sea.can be completed by railway io one. The route, by Cansea, we believe, hat been aban- doned. Halifax, ii has been admitted, from the many auperior fa- cilitiea it presents, will be selected Mihe terminus on tht) sea^board I and the facts above stated justify the belief that, as soon as this great line, with its branches, is complete, so as to open the commu* nicAtion to Boston and Quebec, Halifax uiU, and must, become the grand depdt or point of landing and embarkation — (for it mil be the speediest and the best,) for the great mass of travellers be- tween England and the New world. It is this prospect, brilliant though real, which renders the scheme so important to every friend of Nova Scotia, and ought, of course, to recommend it so warmly to the support of our Executive and Legislature. V.' . V ' We give this brief outline of the enterprize to solicit yoaf t!x- cellency's favour and attentioor His Excellency the Governor General, Lord Cathcart, both in public and private, has unequivo- cally pledged his valuable influence and support. The intelligent and unceasing exertions of his Excellency Sir William Colebrooke have already won the public esteem and gratitude; and we have no fear, from our knowledge of the past, but that your Excell^^ncy will afford to it that impartial and zealous care, essential to efibct its accomplishment at the earliest possible period. > ' We act now on this belief, and intend, in as brief a space as the breadth of our subject will permit, to review the progress we have made in the past, to illustrate the project in its present condition, and to enquire what action is open to the three Legislatures at their ensuing sessions. We earnestly but respectfully entreat your Excellency, as her Majesty's repieseotative to take the initiative, and while directing and aiding theAssembly in their deliberations,to use your influence at the foot of the throne, to win the ear and bespeak the favour of her Majesty in behalf of the two and a half millions of subjects flourishing here, in whose veins the Anglo-Saxon blood so healthily and purely flows, so that Ministers may be induced to bring down this project to Parliament and press from the Commons the partial grant we req;"re. We dc< '..ot ask all, — for we are against this great work being built or owned by the state. It will be laid far more eoojionucaliy, and prDmole general and Colonial interests far more effectively, if left to private enterprize. The Government ia asked for capital— but vre are ready io entor iqto a bio(liMgcootr^c(,^Dd (o aiBCure in lieu therefore an adequate control and return. ^ In a late number of the New York Albion (Dec. 19, I8i9)thet9 la an editorial referriig to the late changes in the CommerQialpoJi* cy of the Parent State, and to the predictions of Mr Isaac, Bucnaii' nan, that, in consequence of these change8,~tke Colonies ofBritiab America will be lost. A sound and eloquent euloginm is pas- sed to the loyalty of these provinces — it is treated as inherent, de- cided, and unwavering. The editor iustly states that the eSeota of these late modifications of the Colonial tariff may not be so disastrous as contemplated— that it is but fair to wait till they have been tried by the test of experience ; and the article concludes vtiih the following earnest recommendatio;i : — .; " Let the interim be filled up in devising and executing plans of internal improvement. Let the Ganula [in Canada] be promoted with all diligence— ar'(i fe^ tkc Railroad—the great Rai];.road— Jrom the Atlantic ta Lake Huron— be completed in all itt utilHif and grandeur.^' The Legislature of Nova Scotia took the lead in legislation last year— the same responsibility rests on us now. We have the power, either to impede or to facilitate— let us use this power cautiously and well ! and set such honourable example as will commend it8i\lf to the favour of our Sister Legialatures. Halifax, January 18, 18^. W/^ ~..V i' ARTICLE II. ProyreM and Besntts of tlae Steam Engine— Hallway and Electric TelevrayDi— Unea constructing In Eng* land, the Continent, and United States. ^^^ *'Haa time pwmitud T had intendad to ha70 paned torn* day* ia (hU ProTtaae, Mid'to liaTt proceaded to Montreal by war of Frederieton, in the bopa of obtaining by partonal obuirVK- tloD, and communication with tho int«Illgent iohabitanti, a battor knowledge of Uio cipabi* Ittiea and reqalrcmonta of theaa raloabla posNUioni »t th« Crown, than can be MipplM bv orreapondence ; but the uufavorahle pauage which we have made, and the UL-ccrtainty wLicn prerailt with rrtpecl to the condition of the roadi, render* it, I nar, my duty to auoptlba more direct route."— £js/rac(AMn I^rd Elgin'* Reply, Jan. iid, 1847. His Excellency, Lord Elgin, Governor General of British Nbrtb America, landed at Halifax on the 23d day of January instant, on his way from liondon to Montreal, the seat of GoTemment in Ca- nada. The Legislrture of Nova Scotia being then in Session, both Housvb, the Legislative Council and th)s Assembly, gladl^ embraced the opportunity of presenting to His Lordship congrato^ latory Addresses. From His Lordship's Reply we haire extraetttd the pwagraph which heads this article ;— And how painftll and injurious the reality ! and how humiliating the reproach ! His Lordship, anxious to see the Lower Proyinees, orer whose destinies he has bem appointed to preside— to see the reLa*m tnsn icd pso- tid(o there poji- >ow- rttiiilb pw- t, de- ffeot» >e so haTe wUh ■■r $ ■■:si Iway 3 - ♦ ! pie, and to ateertain their opinioni and rants from personai inter- coone— to ascertain their resoorees from the close and faithful ob- ■arvation of the eye~-to witness their actual advance and capacity of progression, bjr viewing and judging for himself— is compelled to forego this practical advantage, and from the frightful state of the roads,— from the imperfection of the inter«Colonial means of communccation,-aetttally to leave the Provinces, to betake himself to a foreign territory, and to seek a " more direet course" by the '"way of the States. This is attainable in peace, but impossible in war. And yet, in fact, it is not the direct cour8e,—'We have a shorter ahd a better ; for, if the Railway were laid to Quebec, His Excellency might have heard a salute of welcome booming froitt it^ lofty and imposing citadel, before the Atlantic Steamer, in which he again embarked, to brave all the perils of a winter voy- age, had passed the northern edge of St. George's Bank, or wa§ gladdened by the lights of Boston harbour. It was the desire of altering and settling forever in our favour, this system of depend- ^ee ; of facilitating our domestic intercourse ; of drawing cloisr tbeeords of our friendly relationship ; and of extending to the Co^ lonies the benefits which Railways hkve hitherto and invariably ^nibrredy which governed, in the first instance, and still animates, the pi^jecton and advocates of this great enterprize. ;f Bui let us look abroad for the results of experience, and adopt die trne wisdom of life, to govern Onrselves by the trials of, and knowledge acquired by, others. The thoughtlens purehdsey thO •agacious borrow experience ; a maxim safe for private life, ii fqoally sound in the management of puA/u affairs. ;:' Wfawn the Steam Engine was first made practical by the dis* iOTeries of Black in latent heat, and the mechanica! skill of Watt, St was predicted that an entirely new and miraculous power had been created— but the aniieipations then cherished did not delineate, nor even approach, the realities already attained. The Steam Engine is a fresh lever in phys'.cal power, — which has en- tirely changed the destinies of the past, and irradiates the future with a horizon glowing with brighter hope and promise. It has not yet reaohed the compass and zenith of itt> power— for the dawn has only flushed and brightened — ^sod the middle day has yet to come. Arago in his eloquent eulogy on Watt, read before the Institute of France, has recorded v^hat has been, and foretold what may be done. We give the reference — but have not space ,;for details. - In England it has multiplied by miHions her labobring or j^ro- dttCtivO power. In 1841 the first Steamboat was s«^en on the RiTor Clyde. Id 1820 there were in all 9 Steamboats regist^rcfcl in the United Kkgdom — in 1843 there were registered in the Ports of England, Scotland and Ireland 942 vessels, 121,455 tons. The' man<>Mvar Steamers in the same year were no less than 110 . — a large piropoirtion frigates. The number of entries at the ^GtwkMn Hoosa flir Steam resMis for that year were BritUh Ships 14,633«3,001,43| toMt, Foreign do. 6,196«- 616,5t2 ^ h'll ^^^tij"^- ' Brititb 8faipt» 14,S&a«2,T96,6S9 toK^,'^ r t/.tl» i; ■ .iOn-ji'rl^J nl'T •/ri •;<•-'«»<>» ■ .; 0.'. i« Mi J lt> viiw ■.,r,;: % In 1841 the Steam Engiiies emploved in vessels wer^ eomptttfif^ •ays Mr. Porter in his able work " Progress of the I^ation," tp,l>v equal to 75,000 horsepower, tn the Uf.States in 1839 (uere,verje: 800 Steamboats^ and although we have not the precise detaUs,,«t^ ii said, they exceed the number now in Great Britain. We have the statistics of the Steam vessels owned by the foreign powers of Europe— i^pd of the extent of Steam power engaged in the manufactories of Oreat Britain, and they afford results equislly astonishing, but they do not bear on the present argument, and we therefore will not introduce and parade them here. ^ But the progress in Itailways, a consequence of the aame inve|i* tion, has even been more rapid and wonderful. In 1^9 the bill for laying the first railway in Europe— the line between Liverppot and Manchester, passed the British Parliament. It was in thfl year suggested by an Engineer of no little note, that h$ though^ it po$stbU thai a hcbtfiottve might he construetsdto carty a cQr. for passengers at in-r rate of 12 mUs per hour. Some of his piro- fessional brethren would not back his evidence, i|ad desigpated the opinion as that of a wild and hot-brained en^hfsiast. Vf(On that very line the established speed new is ^7 miles an hour ; the Average speed c^ passenger trainep in the United Kingdom is 2& ^he swift trails oq the Great Western, from London to Bristol, travel, on the broad guage, at the regular i^peed of 5Q miles an hour. Tenders or expresses go, on the best lines in England, at 60 to 70 miles an hour. The cars on the Atmospheric line at Croydon, have reached 75. The distance from Edinburgh to Qlasgow, at the cloce p( the last century a fortnight's jourpey, «Dd by stage pow not less than 46 hours, has been reduced to 14 hours. Brunell, in a late experimental tri{^ betw^^en Bath and Bristol, it is said, reached, for a short time, the incredible speed of 110 miles an hour. Locomotives have be ju made so powerful as to draw 800 to 1000 tons at the rate of 15 to, d^ rpilee iQiles an hour, and one has lately been pat in motion on the Greal Wf 11 1 ■ •!f{? <:■''•■ 1 1*, viiv/ their reluriu, aiid their mighty influence on national prosperitv i« best etitablised bjr a few striking facta, which we win now collate and adduce ia order. Previous to l645 the length of Railways for which acts had h^^n obtained from Parliament in Great Britain was 2500 miles. In the session of 1845 bills were passed authorising the constrao* iion of a farther extent of 2793 miles — making a total in Dec. 1945, of 5d00 miles. In the Session of 1846 " it was reseived for the wprld," sa^s a late author, " to witness an extent of •peculation, of whtch history can produce no similar example. 4000 additional miles have actually received the sanction of the Legislature, which, if completed, will make up in Great Britaia the enormous extent of 9300 miles." The cost of conatructioK Ipr the 2000 miles now in Operation has been £Q8jmO a mile." lE'rom the experience acquired^ it is estimated, that the new linei ca^ be built at ;^30,O0O per mile. In an able article lately writ«^ tea Q» the subject of Railways *' at home and abroad," the follow-^ ■1^ exlraordioary facts are stated — ** It appKMrf, jtbaOftliaft (th«r« km mow in progrtM. and ••mtiepMl . by F4r- lUment, 580? milm of Railway, to eomplelt wbioh, end briog them into opan-* tlon, will abiorb at least Two hundred roilliona Starling 1 MoK of lb* Oom> rieanroaiaa tha coaapiation of 4b«r anterpricaa in tbrat y«an ; b»t nUoviag apginaorlng, eaaucilitiaa and unforaaen bauiea of dalay, tbara ia no tanaon to Mppoa* that any of tbam abould aaoeed fiva year*, awumiog of aouna that tbo oaeaaaary oapitai and labour aball ba forthooming. Tba annual inttalmaota ot oapitai aaaeaiary to aeeoinplish tbia will tbarafora ba Forty OMlliona. Suab ia ttia svoB wbiob aauat ba takaa yearly, from the surplua aavinga of ficitiali taduftry, for the next fiva yeara, if tbeae projects are to be realiaed.** The income derived in 1845 from the Railways in Great Bri-' Cain was equal to ;ff3000 per mile,— total sum from Jane 36tb, 1844 to June 1845, ;e6,209,704 tterling. But, says the same writer from whom we have already quoted, ** In order tfaat 9000 mil«a of Railway sbould produee £9999 per aailo. It ia ewiaaaorf tbat the pablie should expend on tbat speoiea of inlaed tranainirt Twenty-seven millions a year 1 Atsuming ibat tbia expenditure Is distribolati between paaaeogcM and merchandiae, as it is at present, seventeao miUoiM'ViH be pai4 ^oT pssiwngers and ten millions for merebandiie.*' ** At present the number of paesengera booked on 9000 milee of ftihraiy ■anually ia nearly thirty 'four miiUeas,— vben the enlarged syateO'OoaMa iol« oon^pleto operatioo* the number must be an hundred and fifty three mUUona.** In a word when the Railways, now in eeurse «f constrnctio* in Great Britain, are conf^eted, 350 millions of capital will hav* been absorbed in them ; they are expected to yield an annual ian eo»e of 27 millions, and the number of passengers conveyed oa them, according to the results of the past, will be 153 raiWotM « year. This is but a reflex of other a«d oorrespoading reflults. The wealth of Great Britain almost exceeds belief The groes itt'^'ome of the people is estimated by McCuiloch at 310 millioM ^ a year — it i« said, that, since the bsitle of Waterloo 60 millions * '' year h«ve 4»eeii regularly added to the aggregate of the natiiuial property «r weattb, and that in 1944 and 1645, so bonndltii bvt 12 (Mitii tb« natiooal prosperity, that the inereaie has been eqaal (o one hundred Kiillions a year f If we turn to the United States we can adduce proofs of an eqnal activity. The total length of railway constructed in the United States is equal pow to 4S00 miles, but 10,000 additional miles ara in the progress of erection. The passenger lines have cost on ao nyerage ;c90OO a mile, some have been built at $20,000 and others M low as $10,000 a mile. The cheap railways are there, however, almost universally condemned ; in Boston they are tauntingly nick- named "iron straps nailed to wooden shingles.'Mn ihe Continent of Europe the spirit of enterprise is equally vigoroiis and active. Ii^ France 3355 miles are projected — IbOO completed ; in Aus^hi 1835 miles 064 in operation ; — in Prussia projected IOCS ; BaVarliii 373 miles ; the Smaller States 700 miles ; Baden 500 miles ; thi entire Germanic lines are 16U0 German, equal to 7600 British niiles ; and, at the close of 1845, of these 4670 miles were com- pleted. In 1844, eight millions of laborers were at work on them. Lines are also being laid in the north of Italy, and even the Em* peror 6f Russia is constructing lOOOmiles. This ent^rpri^e consults of .four principal lines. - "Thtt flrkt will be Mrried from St. Petmburf t» Wanaw and thtne* to Cm*, otfv, whtrc it will unit* irith tbe northern chain of Ocrman Moea ', 4bus open* lltg a oontlnuottt oommoniottion with all tbt chief eitits of central Europo. Oi thii line, a large part of the section between WurMw ancl Cracow ie eoaiplcle4t andtboremaiader In a forward itate of progress. Theieeood lino will coaaaoa Pitertburg with Mos«ow : this is nearly eompleted. Tbe thiid line will be lb* •ontinaacion of the Anatro Hungarian line to Odessa. Tbe fourth lin«t iiH. tended for goods oolj, will oonnect the Volga and the J)wioa." ,1a a stogie sentence we may condense in one view the magnifi- eent results of this forward movement in Europe. At the close of 1848 a traveller may cross the channel, land at Havre ; and then* by an unbroken line of railway, knd, with unceasing speed, touch at Paris, the Rhine, Venice, Belgrade, and reach, after a burdJik* flight, Odessa on the shores of the Black Sea ! Bui we pause, — all this may be said to be idle and delusive, \^^It may be asked why wd refer to these statistics here. It may M said the eases are not analogous — that these are old countrie8-<- that they have surplus capital to an unlimited extent at command, —•that they have boundless resources, and are inhabited by millions ; while these Provinces are young, not affluent, in th« first stages ofdevelopement — with wild tracts of uncultivated terri- tory, covered by a thin and sparse population. Our reply to there objections, is, that we are about to build a railway not ron ocRsiLVEs ONLY — that, ffom the geographical position we occupy, we stand as central ground between Europe on the one hand, and the whole continent of America on tbe other, — that we are on the seaboard, and Halifax the shipping port to a wide and rich interior ; that the project is pregnant with such advantages that, b^ a combination of the influence and enterprise of the three Pro- vinces, we will be able to obtain the capital required to complete 13 it Iflrdm ibPoad ; aiid that, when ohce laid, it will open an entirelj new l(ield of enterprise and Bpeculation, and gRve a fresh impetus and vigour to the Provincial mind, and expand all the channei^i of oilr resourees and prosperity. As a bcal, or provincial specu- lation Uone, we might be divindined to involve the resoiircea of the Province in laying a railroad from Halifax to Truro, or toAni' her»t-^if the course from the Atlantic were to terminate at them, thd scheme might be regarded as dangerous ; but treating it as a grand highway betujeen the two civilized worlds which is to eli> vatethe British Provinces as the Atlantic terminus for the broad West f and Halifax into a great shipping and commercial citif , alt doubt is at an eud ; and no eflbrt ought to be wanting by the Legislature and people of Nova Scotia,- by combined action and thie sacri<^.ce of every party feeling, to accomplish such hopeful and magnificent results. We entreat your Excellency to set an example which will tend to throw the past into oblivion, and give new elasticity and vigour to our future action in relation to tbii oiiterprize.'' '''' ' . v .■■'/' - '- ' ^' .\' W^appeatltpin <6 facts. The^ittli? patdlh Great Britain fbt the transit of passengers in 1844-5, was £3,976,341 sterling— the locdmotive engines employed in drawing passengers for' inat y^ar performed the work of 50,000 Stage Coach horses. . The enthre number of hbrses kept in the United Kingdom in 1843 wan equal to about 300,000. Before the introduction of railways the average cost of coach fare was 4d. to 4|d. per mile — the cost by railway is reduced in Great Britain to Ij^d. per mile, equal to a saving, of 2|d. for every mile travelled. .'Z We have a statement before us of a gross saving effected in that yeair in the three items of fare, time, and tavein expenses— it is estimated, in round uumbers, at 7 millions ; and the conclusion drawn, that '• the total saving was nearly double the same paid aa railway fare." In other words, the locomovive engiae has redneed the cost of travellinff to one third of its former amount, even at ihi T«te of fare charged under a system, now assailed asasystenof monopoly, as compared with the open competition of stage coachea. It is considered that the fares as charged in Great Britain and elMwhelre are far too high. £l3 estimating the cost of a railway here, from the abundance of . wood and materials ; from the cheapness at which land nay b« procaroi , by the payment of labourers with appropriations of tracts of land; and from the facilities which the country itself presents, the calculation is, f hat it may belaid at ;f 5000 to ;f 6000 a mile — those of Belii;ium cost ;ra000; and therefore that we may convey passen* gera at the Belgian rates. The fares would be as follows : From Hsliftx to Truro. Ambwtt. St. John. Qu*hMi» eOmilM. 134 n 220 m. 00001. Itt Claw, l|d. orl 5-lOthtef* ptony, 7*.9d. 16t. 8d. 27s. 6ii. 75t. indCtiMtOM. lOUia do do in. 8*. Sd. I4t. 6J. 89*. lid. 9r4Claif>6d,»i lOtbi do do Sf. 6d. 6i. Id. 9i 4d. S»f ftd. ■^r 14 I 'i- Bat the Rail h ays have moit successfully tried out another curi- ous problem, which is bestjllustrated by the commercial mixim " of large sales and small profits." The penny postage, the pub- lication of cheap, books, the engraving of choice pictures, have all tended to establish ihe soundness of this principle. It has been tested in railroads, and it his been found, that, almost without a single exception, a diminution qf price has led to an increase of returns ana praxis. We have before us an able exposition of thia principle, by Mr Laing, Junr. contained in a report upon Railways made to the Lords of the Committee of Piivjr Council for Trade ,* (see pp. lO, 36, 37,) and also in an elaborAte paper on the same subject, contained in Hunt's Mercantile Magazine, in the No'm: for June and Sept; 1846, and prepared by £. H. Derby, Esquire, of Boston-^a gentleman who stands high in that City for his expe- rience and information on these subjects. In 1835, when the lines of Railway were first opened in Massachusetts, the average rale by Railroad for passengers, was 4 cents each per mile, and the rate for freight, not far from 9 cents per ton per mile,— rates says Mr. Derby, <' which would be considered almost prohibitory at the preseut day." The charge for passengers since 1837, has (alien nearly one half— equal to 2^ cents per mile on fir^ class, and 1^ cents on second class, and freight in the ssoae ratios (p., 236.) He reviews the experience of Massachusetts and of l^urope, and states : *( Ta«t Um deolia* of ratn, nee«l«r«tad, if pot oeouioncd bj tfa* diHairion bagiHi Mveo y««ri tinoe, haa enUirged the tr»de, promoted th« masufaetorits,' •nd aid«d th« meohaniof of Mass«ohuaetti and of Boaton, and has added nilliona to their wealth. Each decline of ratea eniargca tba oimla of trade, ••d enhaMea tiM value of labour and akill of operativaa, by giving tb«n qniek •nd eheap aeeeta to the beat marketa, for wliat oonstitutea their dtapoaabl* capital. • • • ** The ratea are now low, bat experience haa no! aliown that tbejr «Mf net be reduced, with benefit, atill lover. The coat of traoeit ie deeliniog with ftb« increaao af buaineae and the progreaa of art. Our ralea are atill above tbo«e of Belgium, and it maj be predicted that within aeven yeara morcj the average rate of paaaage in Maasachuaetts, will fall to 1^ cents per milci and the rate of ebarge ier freight to 2^ c^nts per ten per nile, in addition to the cc'* of leedlof ' a«d unloading. • • . * " On tbe ^utheaatern or Dover Railroad, under the guidance of M|r. If** Gregor, and the London and Brighton, over which RowUu^ Hill* tbe sutbpr of the Poat Office Reform, preaides ; on the Manchester and Leada, And Lon- don tnd Bfrmingbam, the reduction has been large, and attended with the neat brilliatiteuoeeaa. Trade baa been promoted, atocka greatly depreieed, in velue- have riaen toe high p»emi(ini ; large dividends declared, great fortuneeffeeUsed •-<«nd with the revival of commerce, an entbuaiaam awakened, which bida bit to cover England with Railroads. • • • *' On the Continent of Europe low rates prevail ; and aa in England, the prieeipal part of the paasvngcra take the aecond and third daas care. In R«ia- aia, the rate haa been fixed at li eeota per arilci while in Geraaany, the fellgimm, ing ratea are very generally adopted. Firat Claaa Paasengert, per mile fii l-lOth of* lu. •'•^CO «aa eee eee eee it X DHTQ ••• •«« «»» ,,« ,«« ;,« 11 « ** Thna have tlie experiences of Bdgium, France «wd Englend, end the •etisa of Rttiaia and Germany, saaottdned the poUcy adopted by Meassehoaetls* 15 We have thus presented a summary ofthe statiatlcs of Railways —their eoat,. income, and fares, in order to stimulaio \he public Aiiid, attd illustrate practically the invalnabld l^nefits which the eombletton of thij enterprise Will confer upon us. ^ I'm Railroad has become the grand later of mod em impVove* itieht ; by inereaning the fa<*-^ities and reducing the expense of transit, it promotes intercourse and breaks down secdonal differo encOf and jealousies. The permanent effects of the lirtd h^re would be to bind the Colonies into one, to give a uniform tariff, oiirrency, postage, a general Govern/nent, and the talent, influence, ennoblement and potency of a Union. Give us this Hue to Quebefi and Boston,-and in a word, before 10 years, we wilt take the Idap of half a century ! But before we close here, we have yet to touch on another im* provement, the teientific miracle of the Age — the Electi'ic Tele* graph. We haVb not space to illustrate its principles— we wilt donnne oursdves to its effects. Althdugh it may stand indepen- dent, — it has hitherto been regarded as a consequent, ofthe Rait^ road. Long lines have been erected in Great Britain, in the (Jnlt|ed States, and in France. It runs now in one continuous line from fioiitbn to New York, thentie to Buffalo, onwards to Hamilton ; and the line from Hamilton tc Toronto has been completed during the last month. The Cost in Great Britain is i£50 a ihile ; the estimate in the United States if £2Si a mile, for a single, and j£9f lOs. for a double linO. In parts of the States it yields a large return for tl^e capital invested. By a series of experfi^ent^ con- ducted fciy ih6 British Government a line has been laid under wa- ter across the harbour of Portsmouth. The whoie secret of iti aetion is ihe transmission, by Completing the circuit, of the galva- falc fluid. Ita transit is rapid as light itself. Separate the mag- net frOm the battery, says Mr Vail (p. 11) " 10 miles, 100, 1000« or tO.dOO miles;^ and let the circuit be completed, and the ▼i'; brato^y motion is produced as readily, as if distant only a few heV* it !a said th^t the stations may be placed on the line at t^d distaY^OO Of ^00 mileS from cfacli other. By means of a set of electric wires extending between London and Pckin, sa#s a ** modlern writer," the Privy Council of St James and the Lookia bbard ofthe Celestial empire might, without any imaginable dif-^. nc\itty, effect an hourly exchange of official sentiments, and s^t)^' the details of a treaty hi the course of a forenoon. Lo^d rkf- merston lately alluded to this as a possibility in a debate ift the . House of Commons. In Montreal a Company has been organized to construct a line from that city to Toronto ; and Your Excellency is of course aware that the Committee of Trade in that city have recommend- ed a iine from thence to Quebec and onwards to the Atlantic at Halifax. The Governor General, in the despatch sent down to our Assembly, has solicited the co-operation of the three Legisla- tures in support of this enterprise. But the late Meeting at Que* !!. "^'r ■■ 16 III 1^ bee hai put the question of its completion beyond alidpubt. The cost of a double line for 660 miles is estimated at jPff'j>i What a proud day— what a solace to tne evening of li/e—Vlr|ii^# brilliant conclusion to long services on this Continent — '}jtjq\i •hould be instrumental in having the ground first broken iii thifi great work, and live to control the affairs of British Norih Ameri- ca, as th Representative of our Sovereign, with cars starting from Quebec, or Montreal, to the ocean at Halifax, and to Sand- wich, at Lake St. Clair, — with an Electric Telegraph at the samo time in operation, conveying information from Lake Huron totho Sea, with a rapidity more divine than human. By a. single touph the order may be issued at Montreal, strike simultaneously at Sandwich, on the ahore of Lake St. Clair, and at Halifax on the tideof the^ocean ; and within the same hour there may be harmo- nious action at the extremities and along the whole line. It will give one breath, pulse, thought and action to the Colonics. «nct their people, now separated by impassable distances p^huadreda or A thousand miles. ;;,/;, j ii . ^j. We live in the confident hope of seeing those great eqda •ttained— rit is but a question of time— it may be rapid or lardy— just as we resolve and act ; but slow it will not be, if persevQraiijM and earnest advocacy can forward the movement. HALirAz, February 1, 1647. '■^^v!f()>rv^t^> rff.^,1 U0 ■ < . , nil IB . ;A i»o A7 I doubt. ^4,600. U : iney provided an Cnj|> tl)e boat, — liKe a aent, and iclusions. shed, lind gialat\ire, ARTICLE III* j t— If YpMl en iii tliui ih Aroeri- rs atfrtiog id tp Band- it the aame iron to th^ nglo tou^h ineonaly at fax on ttic! be harroo- le. It will is.anii their dredsor a grreat ends or lardy— ' »rMV«ran,C(i mil . Mrtt •" ■ '",31 jS J. mo BUstorf and Iitterature of the Ballroatf— Faai|ilii«t«, BeportSt Action of tbe three lievtolatnrea— IMflenl- tles In Canada— Despatches firom the Colonial Secre- tarjr—Provress of the Survey by the Hon. Capt. Owen* and the Olllcers of the Royal Engineers. " Tk« coaiplttloii of nj MtliActory eommnnlculion b«iwe«n Halifu and Quabae, would, in faet, produce relattont between theta Frovincee. that would render a (onoral UnioB al» aolutaly naeeiaary. aeveral Surveys have proved that a Railroad would bo perfeotljr prac- ticable the whole way. Indeed in North America the axper<« and dlBleolty of makuf a Railroad, boart by no mean* the exeeMlve proporifaM to tboM of a commoa toimI, that it d«« In Burapc.*^— torrf Durkam't Rtp^rt^p, 114. . <«.<;. / ^ " AdtM CMi'fiM in which lie of «ta,» lie patilie 3 firat ten, > as to Hi' . Tb^se certailied mt giving p«,M«il», IB Bofg' land and the Coloniei'-the coat, the aources of r^tuni, and the pobabilUiei of profit were elaborated in detail ; and, it was argued, ljr sf Navs SoStis : *' Rtfitwtd, Tbattbit Houm, si toon «■ it aball l>« a»urwl thai tb« taid an* dartaking eaa with prudance and propriety ba entered upon, will pau and eoa« «ur In auob aeii of Leglttation for tbe inonrpofation of a Company aa m^r be ^•eseMfjr and propsr ; snd will then furtlicr eonaider in wttst 'other toaodn, aad «n «rbat SondKidna, a»d <* whM txltnt it will ba 1>rop«r, and withift the maSSS of tba Lagialalure of Nova Scotia, to grant Provinoial aatittanee tdwarda S aebanae, tba aueeetaful aocompliahment of whieh, promiaaa rcealta of ao ordinarT taM^aitudk to tbia ProTioce. and HcrAlajesty'a Dominioai in North Amatios*' An Address to Her Majesty was also carried in whiph tbe so- perioritf a>f the railway, for the transit of troops and mails, in com- parison to amilitar^ road, was advocated, and the favour and as- eistance of Her Majesty's Government were respectfully besougbtk 'thim wbole proceedings are contained in the printed Journals of liaajt.year, page 602. Shortly aftef the passajre of those resolutions th«|r were trane^ ittitted to tiie Governor Genera), and to His Excellency Sir W". Colebrook; and hy the latter were communicated by Messsge to the Asiembly of New firunswicb. By that Body they were referred to « Committee, and on the dd April Mr. Partelow the Chairraani afid the leading and able financier of that body, reported the follew- ing resolutions. They were carried the same qay, for the first apd second the whole House against 1 and d; the thurd was carried 3d to 6. ■r.-^f lat. Reicivtd, That nothing woald tend more to adranoa tht ^rolpttlif «€ til* British Coloniea on thii Continent, to cement their union and preserro tbS^ littigrlty, M viluabla appendages of tbe Crown, than m Railway eono«et« iSg ^e k'rdTiike^a of Canada, NoVa Scotia, and Ne«r ^runawiolc. Sd, mesMed, "thil thia House conlSdently looks to her Majesty's OoveronkcBl jf^ !ta PAirankaUld towards tbic gre:t National project. ' 3d. AtMvtd^ That this Rouse, viewing the eiUblishteisbt at nieh Itail#a)r ip • SMSBBNi of tii«L f raalast importaaee to tbaee ColeaiaSf both politioally and eSMaiirsUIIyi wHlaot li* bahied-haad wtth their fellow subjaatsi tbs psoMa ef CMijM Miit Tf/vi Seetta, ttl mskht^ tileh pitovUioti, b6th mtA tfal FuMs tUil ktti hikii, Mi tht iribourees of (hi FToviaos #iU vsriraat. Jmnyvt t^ ' 20 If ) Wh«n the project wai first mooted, a feeling of opfpoiition wu •oterttined by some of the projector! of the line of Railway from 8t John to Frederieton, and thence to Woodstock and the Grand Falls. Thev felt desirous that this local enterprise should be made part of the great Colonial line — that the chain of eommnni- eation should be kept up by steamers running across ii*j 3aT of Fondy to Dif[by, and thence by the Westeio Counties of iHo? a Beotia to Halifax. It is unnecessary to enter here into the^detaih of this oontrorersy. It has been happily set at rest — the one line is regarded as heal, the other provincial ; and the opinion, ire have reason to believe, of the leading men of the Legislature, and of the great majority of the thinking and the intelngent, in onr Sister Province, is, that the two lines do not conflict ;— that both nay be successfoly promoted at the same time, and in a spirit of cordial harmony ana co*operation. We are hsppy to perceive that the Act to incorporate a Company to lay the line to the Grand Falls has received the sanction of Her Majesty in Council, end that its projectors have favorable expectations of rauing the neces- Mry capital. New Brunswick is a noble Province,— tliis line will ■well the trade and resources of one of its best sections ; and, in all faithfulness and sincerity, we wish its projectors an early and full fruition of all their hopes. Speed — speed we say to their labors ! After the rise of the Legislature of this Province in April last, Mr. George R. Young, in consequence of his professional con- nexion with the original projectors of the enterprise in London, and at the request of some of those, both in England and in Canada, most friendly to the enterprise, was induced to proceed to New Brunswick and to Montreal, for the purpose of promoting Legis- liative aid to farther this great project. Me found His Excellency Sir William Colebrooke, and most of the leading men in both branches, most anxious to promote the scheme. TAie resolationi given above were passed ;— Dut,after consultation and debate, it was decided, that the resolutions should be confirmed, and strength- ened by a more clear declaration of their real purport ; in order, if possible, to affect the proceedings in Canada, and render the pled<;e anticipated from the Assembly there, more specific and certam. The Hon. the Speaker, Mr. Weldon, the Hon. £. B. Chandler, Mr. Partelow, Mr. Wilmot and others — including a large proper- tion of the talent and influence of both Houses, — |;ave then the fol- lowing letter :— Frederieton, jlprit9lh, 1846. SiK,— lo reply to the inquirlti put, wt btg to atate that, ia paMing the ro> •olotiona ootered io our Journali relatlTo to tho Railway fron the Atlantio to Canada,our Houm tnteuded to go quito at Aria tbo AaMubly of Nova 8octia,an4 to proridt, if required, for tbe ezptnao of a survey within tho Ilmita of tbia * See Mr. O- B. Youni't letter to tbe Hob. C. BlnuMids, A. Smitbcn aad Jolw DwanmH Bmtuirietoa Uie»ub|Jeci,wriucn bv request and publiikea !>; them at Ct. Mm%, JaBoary SStd, IMS. polBtiat ont the tepotsibUity of makiag thispart of the great CploBlal coaaacttaf line, and that the two Linet cufht not to confldt. Toie of tbaaki to Mr.T. fortkeMltttm. The GoouaUtea at •«• itjUi pUMd • ■^•'- 21 i^«vliMt. Til ■ JdlftoBi ire Mi Mtitfl^ (alttioagli, of aoarM, v« »»n only »ta prata our opinioot *• privaU individuala), that il tiM Motbtr OovcrasMOt UL« Um pffsjavt HP M • lulianal undwtidiiDc aad f !?■ • Grant of mm nillieo, aod tb« b«laM« of Capital be raiaad in London aud tha Colonica ao aa to ioauro ita •omplation, that our Heuat wilt ytadily ao^opciata with tha Lagialatoraa of CaoMla and No«a Saotia to giva frvo granm of Land, tha mattriala raouirad, ■nd to aaaura tha pajrmani of a rataabU propurlion of inlcrtat for a t«im of jaara. Thara ia • aiuaara aniiaiy fait in our Provinaa to mo Iba antarpriaa aonplatadt but tba opinion it, that tba iniliativa ought to ba takan by tha Impaiial Oorarr* aaat and tba LagiaUliira of Canada, lor tba larger inlarasta tbajr hava at ataka. Wa ara, jrour Obadiant Sarvaat. To O. R. Youof , Eaq. M. P- P. An Address to the Crown was also drafted and prepared, and would have been passed, had it not been for the lateness of the Session, and the impossibility of getting a quorum on the last dajr* It is due to the Ifon. Charles Siroonds, a gentleman wboM talents, Colonial reputation and influence are so well known and ■ppreeicted, to state, that he would have accompanied Mr. Young to Montreal, had he not been controlled by previous and private ensagements. Every praise is due to the Honorable the Speaker, to Mr. Chandler, Mr. Partelow, Mr. Wilmot, Mr. Botsfordand Mr. Rankin, for their activity and zeal in pushing forward this scheme. Out of the Legislature, it has been watched over, at St. John's, with steady devotion and zeal, by A. Smithers, Esq., Chairman of the Committee, George Wheeler, Esq. the Secretary, the Hon. Mr. Simonds, the Mayer, Mr. Duncan, Mr Wcodward and others. When the project came before the Legislature in Canada, many eircumstanees concurred to blight the favour of its reception. In- dependent of the party conflccts with which the Assembly was ren^ —the financial difficulties of the Province were most weighty una embarrassing. The expenditures on the Canals, and the other public works, had so far CTceeded the estimates, that before any ■ new appropriation could be made, a debt oi JSGOOfiOO, actually ineurfed, had to be paid 00" and provided for — in addition to the large appropriations required to forward works in the course of formation. The feeling of several of the Members from Upper Canada was then rather adverse to the projeot-^-tbey acknowledged its importance and utility ; but the prevailing desire with them, and among an influential party in Montreal, was to give prioritjf to more direct objects of local improvement, and especially to the line of Railway from that city to Portland. It was sometime doubtful whether the Legislature, woi^ld, amid these conflicting and hostile influences, be induced to approach its consideratioa at ail. The prospect eventually brightened and the oppoaition melted away. A variety of influences were rallied and Inrought to bear. ' The three Legislative Councillors from duebeci the Honbles. Mod. Caron, Mr. Neilaon and Mr. Walker, the Spedcer of the Assam* biy, Moo. Morin, the Members from Quebec, Mr. Aylwin, Caiieh« . lioo, Dr. Tacbe and others, were unweary in their exesrtiODfl< . Lord Cathoart gaVo to it the whole weight of hie peraonal and :l/| ■ ;M if' :r nSf :i1 offici&l influence ; tnd Sir Allan McNeb, for a tine tbsent,afi<>rd«4, on hia return, a ready and generous support. A Public Meeting was held atClaebec, and tin eiarnASt Address passed, which was presented to the Governor C leral, and ftt tlid two Branches by a special deputation, consisting of Dr. Fishef add other8,~-Mr. A.W. Gochr&n, whose literary talents are so well known, has lubotired in the good cause with unabated teal. Mn Voung wrote two public letters, reviewing the vh<>Ib scheme, illustrating its results, meeting objections, and earnestly urging this conditional pledge to be given, one to the Hon. Mr. Draper ana 0ne to the Committee at Quebec, which were published in most of the leading Journals of the Provinces. Col. Holloway, the head of the Engineer Staff, wasindi ^ad at the instance of Si? Jfames Alexan* d«r> and va consequence of a [/tirsonal application from Mr. Young, to give « valuable memorandum, of which the following is a copy : Qu«(M, 4«A A(ii^» 1646. f ^ miUtatf i^mu IM p¥otMi^H of M« B¥ki$h AtHttitUn JVoeftlMd. ■ •,*4. V . 4f»j k.;,!.- .'.'>.. .r;.," tAi( Signed) W. C. Ev Hotiiowarj 'jtr- ..««.( --.f';t ">',': •v,r.,.n,.: , Cclonel Com.«f A. JSngiamttkfn ;A«ibcc.U»blta^l846. « „K« , " '^'^^q * ' ' ^^**'"lam-»fe^faltf,1^tltyWl1*^ ^*«^ i'ToQ^ R. YauOV, Ekq. M. P. P«. ■■•ni>, * Several E!dHoriii of the leading Journals in M[oii«tr«^Kinnear Esq. t;..id Hditble. F. Hlnkfr, tbQ Qazette, and the Journals in U.Oanada, warttiiy i>ec My. Mr. Gladstone's Despetch of the 18lh April last, addreHsed Ui Lord Falkland, conveying information that the OorarniMnt had determined to undertake the survey, inspired the friends of IhO prbjeet with new vigour and hope. The Exefdutive iti Canada, thtis addremet^i and fortified, were enabled to move, tttkd to cl^ry out their own friendly intentions, tiis Excetfeney i6e Qotemo^ Gen«nil sent down to the Assembly a snUablo Addretts { Md| t»b & iubfeeqdent day the tlesotiitiohs h^rd giveu Wey6 piiMd, Tfttcoa** dUiotkkl bledg« for payme&t of a wopSirtio&itbto p«»« o^ihe kit^Ntt 23 1 would have b«en made, bad it not been for the barthen of the pub- lic debt — ;C30,000 a year for ten years from the large reveoKeof Canada, was, in eomparison to the sucoesa of such a project as this, treated as a bagatelle. Mr. Young, before he left Canada, was fa- Tored by three letters, expressive of their approval, from the^Honble Members of the Council, the Hon. the Speaker, and the Members of the House interested in the question, and from the Committee at Quebec, of the exertions he had made, as being in aceordance with •ndsubserrient to tht»irown; The three Legislatures hare thus concurred in a decided and encouraging line of policy— 'and the question now arises,-— are we ready to go further ? 1 Huolued, — That this House, is fully sensible of the value and iinportiin«#t in ■ politiMl poiDt of Titv, qf improving th« Inland Route botween Qu«i>eo tod Halifax, bf tb«i qonstrtfotion of a Railroad, thereby rbartening thi* timf wiibio whidi oomamaiutioos ean take place batve^n thi» '*r>)vin«e sod tb* Mother Country, and facilitating; the defence of the British Posaeasions, oo this Oootiiient, !n the event of a War. 2 JteaelMtf,— That in the opinion of this House, • Survey and Eetlnato should be made Cor the purpoas «f aseertaining the tieat route for, and aobt of eonsirvotii^g sueh &aiUo«4 from Quebev to the Southern, Bound«r;f of thi* F ^vince. t9 anite with It Ri^ilroad to be oonstrueted onwards tp Halifix, and tliat a r#pQtt^bould also be obtained of the nature of the country through whieh the first mentioned Railroad will paas— the Population, Resources, Trad* and Mliar alatistieal inforoMtton, aa. weil anable #bi» House to judge of the eommer'* «l|l T|^«M and i[|Bpa(rt««ce of the projected inaprovenient, mJ todeoidoupoo th*e»tcnt tp which it miur be fpr the interest of this Province, and tocp-operate wi^b the Imperial Government and the Sister Colonies, in eaoouragiog and at? alitlog the eompletioo of this undertaking. 3. Re$olvedf — That an humble Address be presented to His Exeeliepey tbo Govcraar, Oeoeval, praying that His Excellency will he plea««d to tako tb* i\«o#fSory meaures to proeuro.sMc?! Survey^ Estimsttfv Report end Informstiop, assuring His Exoellency that this House will miUte good the eixpente attending Ibe same. Duriqg the recess a variety of important movements have been made — the survey has progressed under the superiotendance of Capl. Pipon and Lieut. Henderson, two officers of distinguished efficiency and r^kill -until the unfortunate death of the former threw the responsibility iinon one. Of its progress we shall speak io oiir next article. The Hon. Captain Owen, at the request of His ExceHIency Sir W. Colebrooke, pro«eeded in Aur;ui3t last, in the Steamer *' Colambia," to Canseau, to meet Captain Pipon, and to survey and r9patt upou thu chiiracier of the Harboura there. This Report will be submitted to the Legislature. He very kindly, aent ^, copy to Halifax — it is now before us ; and it is valua- ble in. this rosp«;t, that it has brought to light the capacities of ft safe and excellent port on our S. East coast, (Whitehaven) before comparf.'ively unknown^-easy of entrance, comparatiTely free of fpgci^ an'' which, altho' not now deemed eligible for t'-.e Railway, /er^tnti5, may, at some future wme, be turned to useful account. Our Legislature ovTd some testimonial of respect to this able o& cer, for the labour he has expended in improving the safety of navigating tbo shores of Nova-Scotia, the Isle of Sable, and the 24 H i:^ Bay of Fundy. Hif furirey«, when published, will gite a new and improred character to our charts. A Memorial of 100 folio pages, addressed to the Colonial Secre- tary, prepared by Mr. Y. illustrating the project in all its details, and wifh appropriate Maps and diagrams, referring to the popu- lation, productions and Mineral resources of the Country through which the line would pass, was sent to London in June last to the friends of the project there. It was deemed prudent by them to delay its presentation till the time had arrived (or the formation of a Company. It was submitted to Lord Cathcart in May, artd His Excellency was pleased to express a favourable opinion of the in- formation it conveyed. In Nova-Scotia, no Commission of Enquiry has been appointed by the Government — but not so in Canada and New Brunswick. His Excellency the Governor General, shortly after the rise of the Legislature, put the enterprise under the care of Colonel Simpson, of Coteau du Lac, who, we are aware, has been since steadily en- gaged, by personal enquiry, both in the provinces and in the States, in collecting the necessary statistics. He spent a fortnight in Halifax in September last, and we had with him a free interchangv of thought, and a discussion of all our mutual plans. His Excel- lency Sir W. Colebrook and the Executive Council have also, of their own aiithority, appointed M. H Perley, Esq. of St. John, to conduct the survey, and to collect the statistics in relation to New Brunswick, and we are aware that valuable reports will be sub- mitted by both to our sister Legislature. Mr. Perley's Report will occupy 120 pages, and will bring aus- piciously to light the vast resources of the Eastern side ofNew Brunsvtick. We aro glad to say that those engaged in the survey speak in terms of unqualified praise, of the extreme beauty and fertility of the tracts situate on the Eastern side of our Sister Pro- vince, and that they will concur in giving to New Bruns'^ick even a higher position than she has hitherto enjoyed in the put>lic estimation. She is deeply interested in this project. ' ][ ' " As to the feeling in London, it is enough to say, that it is de- cided and warm in its favour. The deputation received by Ear! Grey, at the Colonial office, in July last, headed by Mr. William Young the Speaker of our Assembly, consisting of Sir Howard Douglas, the Hon. Mr. Dickson, Sir Allan McNab, Robert Gillis- pie, George R. Robinson, George Pemberton, Thomas H. Brook- ing, and William Bridges, Esquires, combine all the Colo- ni%I influences necessary to give the project in Great Br^.din, position, character and influence. They wait our deliberat'in here; — thene are men of capital, intelligence and pru- dence, who will not land the sanction of their names to any other than a practical and honourable enterprize. We have now to dress it in persuasive guise for the eye of the Colonial Minister and the British Public — and to induce His Lordship Earl Grey, and them to afford it sanction and patronage. ,^ ,£,«>i{. ^,fi- ^jy, g-.^,, 25 Wf Invta yel^ ibflVftfore laboui befor« us. Tlie G^oniol Minis- ter jpiMX 3r«t defiaUfly pledged, «H^gh lltere tre frOMiBea of «epM(«ae* giTe« ; ibe 0J4»italjBt» of JLoadoo, ff iendly to ihe Golo- «ii«s, iMve not organised, Uiamaelves, although favourably i«f reaaed iB4jni;ioiii te promote the achenie ; Parliament has not b«tn li|ipi9ileid 10 ; the public mind in England baa not been ai^oientlj •tiriec) «nd eaoited ; the variona projects, oonneoted with the uMimale aucoefls of the sobeme, « Railway direct as posaibU from IJU4ybea4 to Valentia, tbia invle the starting point for Ibe Anieii'> ca^ Mails ; the employaaeot of Steamers for the transport of Eni> .f[np)M i an enlarged and ooraprehensive plan o( emigration, fer tbe aetilemeot of the fertile and boundtess tracts in New Brunswicik aiUute^n ike line; aad other details we do not refi»r to here— 4br iitembfacea a wide eirole of contingent of^evations, — have yet to ibe amiiged and reduced to practical form. The Iftbowrs are onevons 9,od »e«poiMible*— but iimf are cheering and hopeful ; and all may lift aichieved, aftd speed^y too, if there is only uaio*, deeiaioa^and b0l4nMs harew Wm will pt o t ed ia our next artiele t« suggest «nr ^tfaMtf^aad 4^trace out;, and vindieate all its detaila. It ia a noUe aitbjoei. It involves the progress of a migbtjr nattQPy.and IwigB pinifiwiiifiily 4»ver a pregnant .fuiiire» uwi^^y^ '■^■' : <•:-- .-'miv- hue ; i}4LiFjax» FaJbrutry 6tb, K84X :&r,cmotir,<'f^6m:)m hav^tm^ yj.. :;: ri: o: iju:.^i ■^'--- . . '• > '^^^''^'^^^ '■■ ■''^^- ■'^'i-i'^'*^ ciTecie npon the Social andPbUtlc!iiJ4l«)ittiitesi<^er.".^L«rdSif4eHA^m'f Bftttk'Mlh* legitlaltire nf Cunmia, \Uh June, 1841. *' TiM Qmmb'* Oo««niinent h»v« no iatlre tp UiwMt Uie Be^'MwatUkra AatemfaU«« (rf'l^ K. AteeriM ia meaiturM of reform and improvement. . . . Her Mijetty baa no deatre to i—lnlrin anr ayatem of policj amoBg Her K. A. aaliieeu wlii«liqpiol«i condamB*.— X4r« /aAii BiUMlPi eeiUbr^ed Vtvatclt lUh Oct. 1838. •• Mr ddfire is, as I believe it is tbe dtaire of tbii Ho«i« aad of tbe Country, to trefefc ^ <>>loaiea Jn fact, aa integrf I paru of tba Empire— each Colony, as a Cenaty amA ta Ite arent 8tete..-Sir H. DougUu'e Speech on metion Jbr returnntf Colamutt 7Va4^ I84fi. *' Weoufht, I think, to treat the trade of tbe CoUmieB aa w« treat onr own tfide .**— £»nf yaA* JSiWM«,» Sw»eim„ or that of her MUtasty 's Bapraaa nH ttvp. ....... Bi>tat'Util% thoio viewi of the sttl|i«c(, I b^l toM despatch aa eonferrinr a ntw, mdt in nm ta4Mbeot,«»lmpiwreft.OaMlltatira upon thcao CoI«bIm<"— Mr yitkit Ik m H^'* LMtr'4»mt ^femt V4 ing part of the Casual Revenue of the Crown. Last Sessbn, Parliament, by the passage of the British Possessions bill, rnade a further concession, gave to the Colonial Legislatures the power of regulating iheir foreign trade ; and thus magnanimously ceded the last remnant of that right of imposing taxes in theColonies secured by the charter of 18 Geo. Ill, C. 13. This year, after vigorous but respectful remonstrance, the extension of the law of Copy- right to these Colonics, created for the protection of the British author, and which had the practical effect of excluding here the cheap literature and reprints issued from the American presti has been given up, — we are left to impose such duties upon bOOks as we deem expedient. The controul of the Post Office is abO^t to be transferred to the Executive and Legislatures. — Parties h6tt may oppose these boons for a little while longer, they may narrow and fence up the benefit of these concessions by upholding ancient forms and local obstructions ; but the Jiat has gone forth. Great Britain, like a generous parent, intends for the future to treat her Colonists in British North America as intelligent and dutiful chil- dren, and to leave us to think, resolve, and act for ourselves, in all matters which are local. It is clear, as the beams of noon- day, that a genera! union is in prospect, -that the future oOn- trol of the Parent state is to be exercised upon an enlarge^ i^nd •ven generous scale, — that she intends to bind usr— not by the old tjr^ppings and miserable misrule of the past Colonial system, ao odi- ous and chilling in its life,that its friends even will not seek to build for it aMonument ;— but by the stronger ties of mutual interest^^nd of generous affections ; — of protection and confidence on the one hand, and of unfeigned respect and well-grounded attachment on the other. Lord Durham defined the syotem, he revealed the new dawn — his son-in-law, Lord Elgin, we believe, is sent to per- fect the system and hasten on the full day. Earl Grey has lived to confirm and enjoy the ennobled reputation of his great ances- tpr-~the steady, the fearless, the consistent advocate, through evil and good report, for fifty years of reform, — may it be Lord Elgin's happy fortune to sweeten the tender ties he has formed by il]us~ trating, with the success of his Administration, the fame of that Nobleman to whose line he is now so closely allied. But to effect these vast changes, physical •difficulties must first be overcome — we require a great Colonial highway — to bring the distant parts into closer approximation ; to enable the citizens of Sandwich, Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec, St John, and Halifax to enjo^ frequ9nt interQOursf and personal «9iiuiiUhicft- i{ ..v;. 27 irnnieni, elded to integrity ce with , nDSOii* i duties, id iorA' Sesflbn, made a power b( Bded the secured vigorous >f Copy- e British here the pre^ has Ix^s as ab«M to lies her6 y narrow g anciisnt I. dreat treat her tiful chil- elves, tn of noon- lure e6n- r|re4 aind V the old n, so odi* k to build erestjind I the one [iment on eaied the nt to per- has hyed tat ances- ough evil 1 Elgin's by illus- ie of that must first bring the itizens of ohn, and nmukilcft- tiod ; to ma«ler the snows and to remove the obstructions whieh now bboK, and render impamabie, our highways, in winter. Hence the necessity of this Railroad, — this line from the Atlantio to Lake Hpronj'-ttbis great Colonial artery, which is to give neir ljfe«bl664f rigorous pulsation, and enlarged and increasing powers, to the grandFederative union, of which we have the forecast, and before long, we believe, we will enjoy the reality. ; ***'" ."''"^J""';;" Vfe have in our previous writings sketched, in it# li^d'dfhgf OQt- iine9, this influence which this> great and national viaduct of Colo- nial transit is likely to exercise over the destinies of the Old world and the New. With seven lines of Railroad, now in progress from the sea board of the Atlantic states up to the border territory of Canada, the British power on this continent is in peril, espe- cially during our bard and protracted winters. The whole aggres- sive foroe of the U. States might invest the United Province and bee^eige her citadels, before a protective power, sufficient for the threatening exigencies, could be marched up and combined.^ Hence, says Col. Hollov/ay, R. £. — no light authority — so also Sir James Alexander and other military officers of talent and experi- enced—this Railroad has become " necessary, if not indispensa^f^ i/e;"-^mark the terms! for the adequate protection of that noble Britisli Contirient in our rear. With a view to safety, and to eco- nomy also, it roust be laid. , It will save a mighty outlay in forti- fications,, it will diminish expense by rendering unnecessary tho- continual maintainance of an extensive standing force — the Elec-^ trib 'f efe^iraph will bring instant information frotn the interioir— . tite r^iilftir troops may be rapidly centrali7.e,d from all points to th»v poioiof assault — in a brief period additional forces may be brought- from Britain ; and she will be thus enabled to resist and k^ep^, in awe^— to control, and ultimately suppress that patent desire foi;^ universal conque8t,~for the sweep of this entire Conti^ent-^which animates her Republican rival. With such facilities Canada viill be i^afe ; but ' wiihout the Railroad she must t>e in irainent, un^] questionable and cbnstant danger. To prevent aggression it is', necessary to be powerful, to restrain insult it is indispensible to have the reputation for spirit ; and nations, like individuals, are sobn taught to fear and to respect those whose resentment entails ^ redressment and retaliation. In proving the importance of Canada to the Parent state in our, letter of th^ Colonist, written in October, 1845, we thus put th^,'! argument, and we know that we could not present it now in more^ forcible language. ' '• ** Eii\ Vrlll betide th« hour if Canacla wero lost Canning once prbudly m\ii^ emphatiehlly ^tid, he would "call up a new world in the west to balanee t Its' old." It w'a« a sayinft not lesi true, than it wai brilliaut. But Ibis de.'ende'^e*]^ of the 6ld world no the new hat become, since that tinae, far rtiore elosv jnd'' sympnlhetie. It has been justly said that the march of empire is westwards* and tliat M kHtgdott* grow up here to their prime. — to Umir maturity and'^ gfhojdiniri,' aitd thea ieaording Ut their anlversfl, we bad alniost tatd the er«f'naf ia#'bf etMigr,V^ia t» falttete a«e«7,— tbeVr(^Milvspr9^rdf»;^)b^ ifltf^i^,'; ^ if SI (if 'J m m l% \%9, ««4 tli« Mtumulaled knowMt^t of mm b to ihirt ttn^ ttn tltt gtM( MiAof thfl p«w iroridyMid «fMt« Mound M» • •»»■• of vklllMliM feMli«iilh% •(bigkcr iatt^igenfe,«f inert r«fifl« ^ , v **Bat, to thoar the importanee of our pretent inquirv, ve do net nae^ Jo deal hi tAnte ravehitiona of the future : the past aflbrda a letson anflleientty tnakue* •If* and ligaiieant. Tbe pw teaaieo of British M^rth A aoerfea ia indbpeilaabi* to tk» taiaty end protaetioo ot' our ialanda ia ttie arahipelago of tbe yf«slr*-k e«eeiury for iheir •upp'jf i"*^ trade, asd for the ref taoeet of owr tM*pa ied) navy. If the fooling of Oreat Britain were loat in Gapade, our settltme)M« hi H oidson'a Bay and in the Oregon territory would 1000 follow. UnlcM tbe broad eeotiaant ia ttie rear were our own, it would be impoaaible to preaerire tbe ffttv baeboan and tbe inashauatible fiahiag grenade e(- ilova Seotia end ttie other tower aelooiea. Give to Amefie* the sweep *f Ceaada, aad ilka paHs mmb mines of Nqva Scotie, tho fisheries of the Bav Chaleur and of New£piuidlM>dt. tbe superior timber of our northern forests — all elements of aatiaoel wedtb nqw wantiaf ,_ ber sway from tibe Athetio to the Paeiflfe wotild be irrialii^abie lOC boaadieast SAeiieo and Texas would beat her aseray— .the tirade' awAlfceattfce W tures of tbe old world would be auhject to bet selfish cad graa^nf a ol iay,i.ti foi aba oould reject or receive them 00 her own terma^ andi enjc^in^ tbaa*. rieh and unpoesessed rcaoarees, now held by this eouatr^ in these wide poMep^ aiom, her radastry would be extended to new branehes, and inspired with neir Tigasu; her prosperity be isd from original end fkrrtiltr aauveee^ and b*p iadApendeaee bvilt an a beab te/uore bread ia itmJii aad Ihriaalaaio^ ta atbea^ " IT the old world Is not to be surrendered to tbe new— if Oreab Pff«to{a desires to retain A«r, or any, influanee In the West^-Uisnada must be preserved*' ba the eost what it may. The lower pravlneea hang upon bikr^ tbew'itte %i iatff*wiaed autb that of their elder aiater t and, nmiud, they era «k* pedeeWI «<• tbe B«it^sb inlavest and power, EagJ^ad, aaid Sir Kebert Feel, atri^^adaf her Colonies, would be reduced to a third rate power ', those in British Niartb /hneriea, by overhanging and keeping in oheek her great and most daogerou^ rhal, ere the mast important of tbem all." ~>. And in the peroration of the speech delivered 4t t6 aarr^'bMl tiiaiir flag, wbera no sea borii brer «a would reaeh to fan it. 10 ^tafmHTt Britain hmi ndMiinf to f ar ; on tha aootrary. there ire hope. e*n#* ^aiiao. tta-Yevyeartalnty ei britUaat aahievenentii and final triumpb< But tear ant'tKMitd to look Ip Iba tutiiM, — ta weigh Uk* effect of pot^bke eontingenoiee-^ $i^ippaa lb« llepubiia bad aeq,iMred the undtaturbed posseisions of thii broad continent, and that ahe had, to use hjef oWn •ignlSiBant terms, annexed Cnttfor*' nla^ CaniAiand'fberegieto«.Yonng- AnferiAa woal4 breathe with a new life, and might avpn attend ta oehtrul and at(MKfy->llM< dMlUajiMjE^tba Old World. She mighi-reCuae to stipply food and the taw He* mfnta ofi^ratle to tha olaaiea iiow dependent on her ; dhe might pass a tarlflraor promutor^ at Cp eristUp, ifnot destroy, the nta^^ifaetures df wHieh E/ig|a^d *^ pAi^aMtat^injoyaa ^MtnMc monopoly t aba might shut be^ parte agaiMt ^il# amylM yapahtina erawdad ap in Europe^ in an aid andnpaatnt««flitt«»a«: aaf ^Hii, |w4 *1|U^ . tbua aar-/iag pirospefityj the might. {MdaaTanr,.bv,dircfi. iatMierffne?. tp incita tha uneasy and. encourage the disane^i^'d, to tear down Old and Vanerabl^ iDsfituliona, and sup|)Uftt dlimoerati^ ifiodelilb (heir stead. "^'Tbe]»«hr0e andaafeiy of BtriWin ae*nr tbiHto bang de^Aiden« et« ' Ca0adli[< bahlg4>r««erMdvta oantrol ttia ambitian. to aartrtha apirit, and to eoaiittsaor ti^a cNapiiW fmllf^ of a dangeious rival. ^ It ia dba beliaf that Canada n*pno4 biiaarifd D^leiii.thia projpet if oompleted, an d,^ that the viewa I bar* thup a^^ tempted to ilYuatrate. are ao 'potent and irreifptlble in themselves, that they m«ar^codfn«efeetrrttB(ion upon tha^stataaiMn who f nie the aBMre'of ihtf BdtifW' Bm^raV^whiab »eade«rs'othera;and mincif anaanigt«in#and aiMliialifithM Ibkp: riihrayfviilbaiMftioxAndaompleted withauUpogprdwIaor*'' d: ii--tn)b iuo if theie vivwi be found it staDds no btigw t^estion ferdttMte orof mtrMw tnd sovdid e«lculBtion»*«4t msihiim htghw grotiiMl;, I^iavoAvM the «ODUrolimg question of nbtioiial aikgiaiiMe<^il itiAHiniiilttjr ««8ue, whether oar Insiittttiona «iikl forawof loeit} govemmeatare to continue Monarohial, or t» deicefml and tM> Republiean. It) majr demand an expenditure of three to five mil^' liiNM'-'-^t 0«n this outlay) effect either the sober jadgmenfr 0^ Her Mafjeety's ninisters on the one hand, or of oot Legisletiifaa' anifil' pebple on tbe other t It ie co secure to theCovnM^#vrerei|;aiy''tai tM 1Vesc^-4||(lit4ng ground to curb andcoateol an anfbiiiaiM'«ii# lni|;iUj^ nMir; « gjwiriiig^ Bfilion of eiiiUiie»«B euBiocaevs;<^t fa ^i These new principles of free trade, begun by Mr Huskinson--''' but confirmed by the valuable labours of McQi'egor, )Pf<(»ftfjr^'; and Hume, giving the world for a field of competition ; iheji^ei improv*iments in agriculture ; the sanitory laws avowedly passed- in deference to the "claims of labour ; ' the system of national education Ukely to be introdud^d ; the fleet of steamers shd wUI; send abroad to traverse every sea, and embrace the world from aene to cone— with difierent, and yet at the end, lines of com«d. munieation bending and convergent; the enlarged trade ibont^ to be opened with the East ; will develope and concentrate sd^ many new elements of wealth and prosperity, as to carry her greai- , iMss lo a higher, and yet a higher, point. To this aUiance, itiii our duty — it is our interest— ^^M^i it is in our keartt — to adhere 1 • We are not f that morbid school of philosophers, who are com- tent to look at past evils, and blight hope and palsy exertion, bjrj peering darkly into the future. We are willing to admii thei truthfulness of those hues of comparison, which Lord Durham, hit: drawn between these Colonies and the U. Stales. In the latterijf^ there RMy be a higher advance — a more daring and buoyant spiriCi of tdtcrprise, — admitted ; — but ht us recollect, that these are old«r: ooiiutries. and have enjoyed the spring and impetus of a raor* free end ceiiNopo/iiaii legislation. From our past progress, B. N^^ Aaaerie* Mftd cherish no diaheartening fears, for the future. W«i bt«e new hefet« os an admirable paper, lately poblished xn^md ehrtn, of tKat city, in able diseiple of the late BolioUor Cl«lier«l, JtiMs Stilatt, Esq. who was. so profound a reaaoner on ColOoial queations, — in which an array of statiatiea is brought forward to illustrate the comparative progress of Republican and British America, by no means discouraging or derogatory to the latter. But our position now is, that a new era i$ beftre us.-»- Old things have passed away. The prominent evils of the Colo- nial system, so graphically delineated by Lord Durham, will soon be of thejkings that toere-^hr H. M Government have promised to BOeure to her Majesty's subjects in North America, the British •ysiem, the constitutional ascendancy of thd people's repreaent*- tives^to terminate no doubt in a Federative Union, with a hemis- phere for a field in which the best talent and enterprise ol these Colonies will have ample materials and scope for useful exertion ; and a harvest, wide and golden enough, for the boldest reaper. -To effect these objects the Railway is the sine qua iton. ' Let the Railway be laid and the United Stales become depen- dent on U8-~not, as now, Canada on tbem,for rapid contmunieatioa eiftd intercourse with the Old world. Halifax, St John, and SI. Addtews will stand in the great highway between London and New Orleans ; and Halifax, Dorchester, Boies Town and Que* bee on the line from CniCago, St Joseph, and Sandwich—- inland Yeetinjg<^places between Lake Michigan and all the ports of Europe. These ore the most rapid routes — they are therefore the best; they will be adopted — such' must be our destiny and progress in the fdture, and hende our zeal for that which is to secure theaft nighty ends. We hdve already foreshadowed its effects on these Colonies— to one end all it is alike important. Halifax will become a great commercial' eity>— so will St. John, and so Quebec on the St. Lawrence. The fisheries of Nova Sootia will be more extensively prosecuted— our rich mineral beds will increase in value and be wofked, and our agriculture be improved, by opening a larger and more teady market. But to New Brunswick— that fine and in- Talnabie Province, the results will be incalculable. It will at once bring into demand, and promote the settlement of, those vast tracti of fertile soil, which lie in her Eastern territory, and of the beauty of which all engaged in the survey speak in terms of rap- tore. Her export ot timber will be largely increased, for the la- bourers on the Railway will not only settle, but for two or thref. tabnths in the year must find work in the forest Her prolific coal-ftelds — one 5000 square miles in extent-^will be traversed in their very centre. In the Southern range of CanadaEaat, millions of acres, lying now derelict and unproductive, will be brought into the market, and be laid open tu the stream of European emigre- tiOn. Quebec, how shorn of one of the finer branches of her formet; trade,— the supply of ^nd speculation in the West, will regain her iwmer command and importance, by standing in the Ekiropein Hne, itkd haring a vast Southern and Eaftern interior made ep- proichable to deal with and to supply. i.l :«2 m Rai to ihe whole of CMiada Jyiag on the Nof th«n niA^ f( ihn ;£t LawraiKC and lh« L*k«8* the coroptition of e rJAMJ hig))w«f to .the Set it of iaeAlculable HnportMcie. Can»4t £•$! ii, qow en* .gaged in a great coeleet. In her citiea of duello aad M«»lfeal (the leading men are agiiaUng for entire firee trade* tbo (rfH navi- gation of (he St. Lawrenee* and the abandenroonA #f the JHaaiga- tioo laws, 10 that the River porta may be opened Vx the Aa^ ef all nati^oa, and ttw freigkta lednoed to tbe chea|>or rilea •wliieh prevail m the poits of the Atlantic atatea and Noitheim Europe. Tbeae questiena have been moat ably liandled dj^rimi tjho iaat yeai by tbe "Montreal Canadian l^ooooniat and Freo *f»4B Jo<»rttiaV"-valiiabie befiante it reflecUi tbe opiniona of an. rinflnen- 4ja1 class, (or tbe statistics of Colonial trade it ce»veyfl, and for its eoMnd views of poUtical eeonoRi; . The praeticai ni m ef its £ditois and iuppoxters is lo secure to tbe St, Lawrence tkt /r«4e ^ t^ Ifesf,* and te assert a fearlssaeompotition with the £rieC«Ml. ^ impvoriog and cheapening the rentes by the Si. Xiawfentee. ^We psjoioe to see tbe effosts i^de — the Company organized, nod in Aet of Incorporation in progress-^to erect a, bridge aflaoaa the fii|^ liftwrenQe at Alentread — here is ft vaet faoility aelualiy ;a pregnim. It is for the citizens of Uuebec to inquiire if tbe lUrnr osMHt he hridgii at a point neares them. Tbe Merchants of Canadfi properly desire to render unnecessary n rfiip-Casud firooa Ofiafge to Albany, now under discussion. In this contest we in thelUewfr Frovuicea, unfeignedly wish them success — for with thie if^rtt||| RtvM OtUiira— 40 foilow tills route to tlie head of the Seep River 970 miles from MaptrMn •M Urta to hkf 4 Railroad ISO miles to Gosrgia Baf. Laka Moron. Tke oho IMa irMiUtMp ^Kirtar than the other. We gira the tvo followlnvaxlraeU tmt^ • laUm in U** Itai^Mkl Gtsette of the S5th January last, on the subject :— •* To «haMtreprofitaMe pahlie work can ha eoKafad in UiW4 * ra«d enMUKtiartfua Ottawa witk Xake Huron: mUlions of acres might thus be laid op^ fc# ieUteiaent, whMt olhMtwka.aiatt maaiuuadaM ; ttaaiacraaMd BaM«rkM»di, aoiaaljr i»tlMlt tdiStte, 1 '"("■mi.'- •H>^!i'"5.'J f 33 ) ' lor Us UAom iff tk^ \^ ia L«kt Michifan« tra both lubtidUrj to to it, and it may bo ftid to bo sabsiditry to tbom. Wa htra already shown that it will not intorfora with the line fron St. John to the Grand Fall* ; and as to the line from Montreal to Portland, it oannot be oonaidered as standing in rivalry to a great Bhtish Highway like thi8~-binding together British interesis, securing military protection, and inten- ded lo afford a free and safe transit for passengers, goods, mails, troops, and military stores, from the Atlantic to the interior, in timeiof war as well as of peace. They are entirely distinct and independent of oach other, and for this enterprize, as now devel- oped« wa would seek support as confidently m *Montreal as in Uuebeo. Wo trust that the Hon. JMr. MofiVit, from the high influence he enjoys in the Legislature of Canada, and the impor- tiince of his name, will not refuse, (althou^ii Chairman of the At- lantic and St, Lawrence Company) to give to this sister project a cord^iaJ support. " • ' ' ' '■'' True, it may be said that tho'sdrref irhibt fei completed. The in^)rmation liow under oui'controul upon these points, we are not at libetty to publish ; but it'ifl beyond all question, that, so ihr as the surveyors have gone, from Halifax to Reatjgouche, no iosuper- abto difficulty has been found. The Cobequid Mountains can be crossed by easy gradient8«-the line is not difficult on the east side ofN.BrunswicK ; and that a line may be found from theRestigoucho to the St. Lawrence, either by pursuing the River vallies which run throuffh the ridges which lie there, or by running round its oastorti edge, is not disputed. It is reduced simply to questions of comparative distance ^nd expense. His Bxcallency Sir W. Colebrooke, in his Despatch to Lord Stanley, bearinfi date Nor. 13, 1845. thus wrote relative to tho line of country through which the j^ftilway was expected to pass : < «« Fton^ th« r?t>4rt* •>! CoIiiobV HoUojirff ,sad hii QfBosr* it appears, that ia tri(verf|ng^ iht ^IghU^^s the niott diffieuit gradfs do not exceed one in 6fieen^ and that tb^ia n»j b« retfi^OM ' b]r oblique ktod prolonged eireuits ;— that tha bridgittftof the titreinai irUlbe sttended with little difficulty, as the main rkeMi St Jabn Md Mi'Mniebt, are aroidad \-mtkai the projected Road wouldi trarerse a fertile and uncleared county, presenting abundant materials of wood and stone fpr the eonttruotion of the Road, the average expense of which has beeq estirtiated for a ttalli'oad at jC2,50O per ibile, fn- a Macadamised Road £2fi66 per mite, and for a Plank roadt £A&0 per mile, the last subject to repaiiri In fii^e years, and roDewnr hi ten years. '■ ■■'. "'i. . *.. i * The line to Portland hai been surveyed and begun at both endf. From the la«t Seport laiA before a i^eetinirofthe Sharefaolden held at Montreal the 20th Joniur} last, we take tte MIowiBg tnportant parasrapb :~> " The Poud has received the plewing information of a charter baviog been granted.by Uie Slate of IfiMne, for the construction of a Railroad to branch from the great artery at Lewis- ton aboutJOtnttesonthlsaldoof Portland, to Waterville, on the Kennebec River; and the requisile itoek for the organltatton of the Company having been lubccribed, the work is to b« commenced forthwith. A charter has also been granted for the extension of tiiis rood to Ban- ker one ml the largMt and mott thriving towns of the State, which will undoubtedly be com* Bieneed soon ( and a farther extension of the line is rontemplated in the direction of Mew Bninswick. This wUl not only open an exteulve market for WetUrn produce passing hrace over the^ tawnnce and Atlantic Railroad, but it will give to Canada a direct and espediU- eas ctmi^tcliffHi irttk the Lotrer FreTince." ^ .. tror a Hard tiirtJi>lite Head' the eitWaate was «100 mile. '»*•«> •^-^ ^i^t^^Ji^ ^i I; 84 ill i 5 1:'; I ! I 1 And in t late Albion, (Jan. 9th) the foUowing •tiraai' b girM from a latter from a correipondent at St. John, N. B. : •* Tb* railway turMjr (I should rathw mjf ' tiploratioo') Icrmintd atmiptljr thia iffaian, owing to tht death of Captain Fipoo and tba tarly aatling iq of wiottr at tht north. Litut. Htnderaoo, R. £., now in ahar^e, ii at FradcrUi- too with tht tappera and mintra, (and rary altvar, wall trainad men they art,) angagad in oaleulating the various baromatrlaal and attronomUsa! obsarvatbn, •nd in making up plans ond atetions. Two linas hava bt«n taplortd bj thMo tb« paat aaaton.both entaving Iha provinoa aeroas tha isthmus wbiah eonaaota it with Nova Seotia. Tha ona following tha road esplorad by Sir Jamaa £. Alaiando and othara for ■ military road, by tha Band of Patiicoudiaa, Bolaa Town,^ and tha Tobique to tha haad watara of tha Rastigouobo. Tha othar routa proeeada more easterly, nearly parallel with tha Oulf ahoaa, aroasing tha rifar Riehi* buoto and Miramichi above tha tide,. and thaaaa by Iha Napisiquit to tha Raa« tigouohe above Campbell town. The aouMtay north of tha Reatigouahs baa not yet bean examined. Lieut. Handaraoa propoaea resumiog bia laboura in that quarter early in Mareb." Lieutenant Henderson is now in Halifax, with a body of Sap" pers, digesting and preparing the plans, &.C. of their summer's work. He declines, we believe, to publish any synopsis of bis labours, until they have been submitted to the proper authorities at home. We may extract here the appropriate language of his Excellen* cy the Governor General Earl Cathcart, in a Despatch to his Ex-^ cellency Sir Wm. Colebrooke, dated 24th Nov. 1845 :— '* The final decision as to the partioukr line of diraet eommunieation ie^ however^ a subject of future consideration, and doaa not, in any meaner, affoal the main queation of unitinff tha watara o>f tha St. Lawrenee with the Atlaotia by a Railway through the Provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; which is an object of the highest nationaHmportanee, and will, I am confident, meet with the general concurrence and aupport of aH the Provineial Legislatures, and of every real well v::h«r to the true intereata of bla eountiy.'* What, then, remains to be done ? Nothing could be more ao ceptable or cheering to the friends of the project in British North America, than your Excellency's reference in your late Opening Speech to our Provincial Parliament, ( Jan.2l8t last,) embracing a» it does, in brief and vigorous language, the magnificent prospects of this great enterprize t ' < >!*»* '* The period at, and the oircumsuneea under, w'lieh wc m««t, afford iita the opportunity of recommending to jrour «30iport, firom those into which it is now forced, that vast stream of Trade, not of our own Western Posseasions alone, but of the rich and extensive Wheat and Grain-growing Diatriata of all Ctntral America. . ;<*Thia view of the inoalcttlabla advMtagea whieb tlie completion of thia great irork Would confer on all the British North An'riMn Colonies, and parhapa mora especially upon this, its natural Atlantie terminus,— this consideration alone should call forth our gratitude for the promptitude with whiah out appeal to tht Horn* Ootcfomaat wm nut, en this all LapoztaDt topu^" .■''■:%: ^'•r' '.''» 36 Oh« to ttnproleet this farther aid. Employ the influence of 7oar itation to indnee the Legislature to pass a series of Resoiu- liohs speaking mortt favorably of the enterprise than those of lest year ; and engaging, providing the cost does not exceed a certain estimate, and the aid of the Sister Legislatares, the Mother Go* Ternment and capitalists be obtained, to secure for a term of years the payment of a proportionate share of the interest on the capital required. Let this Province appoint its Commission to join those now acting for Canada and New Brunswick, — in order, that, on The return oftlie surrey next year, all the statistics and materials may be collected in the Sister Provinces, in the U. States, and in Great Britain, and the preliminary and contingent arrangements enquired into, and brought into practical shape, so as to enable this Province then to take, with becoming prudence, the decisive step— for then, as now, the lead will be to us, — to resolve whether, the spade is or is not to be put into the ground — this great work is to be advanced or abandoned. We are against the scheme being begun solely as a Government work — the experience obtained in cutting the RideauCanal,its esti- mate of iCSSO.OOO having been extended to 1^ millions — the coat of cutting the Canals in Canads under the Board of Works, are too oaainoua and prophetic to be overlooked. It ought to be done by a private iCoropany, orffanized in London, with Branches in the Colonies, and *ehar-terea, ml the 'instance of the diferent Legisla- tures, by an Act of the imperial Parliament. Thie plan has been suggested by the Hon. Henry Blaok,ofCluebec— a Lawyer of higk eminence, -and known to be the able advocate of Colonial rightr.i Great Britain can furnish Engineers of superior and unquestionable talent and soience~~bot men trained in England, uD««voidably con« tract Aristocratic notions of expense, unsuitabh ^ the circum- atancei of a New Country. We ought to pursue the line they lay down— it will be the safest and the best ;—but the idea of Captain Morsoom, R. £. was, and we entirely concur in it, that the survey should be aided by competent and caufious men from each of the Colonies, and by one or two practical Railroad Engineers, from the U. States, who have had experience in laying the cheap lines there built. The British Government for the aid afiforded should retain and enjoy an efficient and stringent controltdefined and guarded by all the senctions of the law ; — but the transit and trade of this great line ought to be entrusted to a Board of Directors selected by and responsible to the Shareholders, and who, from their direct interest in the trade and prosperity of the Colonies, will 4ook to their advance, more than to deriving any exorbitant profit from the speculation itself. It is an honorable, but a wise example set by the Capitalists of Boston, and worthy of all imitation, who, in conduct- ing the Railroads of Massachusetts, have looked to returns from the indirect inflaences, and reduced fares to the lowest figure in order to inoreaoo the oomnorco off Mv add to the value oC tbo Real Estate in that City, miin^'^^r^ ^^**it«jtff v/*»(^--TOsl'^o- » 4 I V ill Wb«n the quest^n cones «i>ef9re tbt AMembly. w«'^|14^;yre- pared to illuBtrate these i^neral views by ip-^rc apeciific details. • Upon its utility no difierence of opinion ..^w prerails. Xh'^ gteat majority of the people are united and eager and ^urdent ibr its success. Out of doors ihd conflicts^ o^ our loeel politii^ da not approach it — Your Excollency we feel qopfident ,wi|J Jppk to it, in all the breadth and^r,aerosity of spirit ^hicb. its Hupor- taoce and its influ^ooe upoa Imperial and p^loniai int^r^tr, demand — the Aseecnbly, ^e trust, will respond to such iionour' able example, and itand their, imii«M| tal«>Mt94JPi?fi^1;^M''^?'^ the project on. a^t5f hi >'jaMr/m«f if>|^£^ a^ ' la jt^ Halifax, Fabriiary l5th, 1847. . ht.--%e liiiles at s(?5A90i|^«r mil^^ jfii^TifiO^OOfr Cucy.j'-'^oay 8^ millions to include extras. ' < ;<'>'■- To Im>! raised by n grant ftorh HerMajcisty'sGoV4*ainttnt,in rtteva for the transit of troopstniaiia, military 8tores,&Cidpe. ^6*4 ,600,-60& This grant could be favourably urged at thefMrcseotitiiBC ?»ib'0o^ st^ucnce of the distresaes in Ire'ahd; ApMrtdftfaO oapitdl noat about to be expended theis'e, ra'gtit be jildiciotily applM to tiM construction of this Raikoad :— it would pnmde for the sarfijas populatroD^ and settle the forest land^i 6f New Brnnswidk ikjild Canada East ; Grants frosa. Ihe Ookmial LegislatuteSf and b^r Bobscription ut Stock, on the pledge oi lands to besddtotbe Company by the three Proyinoes of vJanada, New fifiiatlwiak and Nc aSeotia, £l,65«,Q00. Total ^£3,000*600.; kj sH.' j, -av/ob Lands.— Nora Scotia to sell, say 100^000 Aertf, IfewlfimlA wicV &,(H)0,(H)0 iiores, Canacta, IvOOO^WO Acres, ^tk Ikes^ not fe> be j^id &* till ti« returns ai tL« Railway, and the sales of SkA lands, yield a surplus^ after payment of interest and the &T«&iaal expenses of worlnBg j^rf^Gooipany to be bowid to mil latida at m moderate price, and to p*^aM>te an tTtminirr and hnnlitiijr nirhrtm af emigration. ■ <*■ ■ k.o-.. -'.!; Ik. Cost OF WoBKiite.— By estimate hi Nowikigkud'thoanmikFcMl of working a Railway has be&n fonnd to be equal 4o 4lS^0QrJs^S890 a mile, at 550 miles, viquai to .£165,^00 a yean : - ^ " "^im Total Annual EKFENSE.-~Ioterest on jif 1 ,^K)0,4MM) (the Qoverai^ ment to7;tve 1| millions ds above, 'r. m^b of the transifc of ii^'y>pqf ^\' Ohraatsd hutas^ ''^ PMM' of payoieat of interest on capital by tlnvo Legis^tfivfwf^sayOaooMt one half; New Brunswick one fourth; Nova'^iootiiitnt^lbarthf j'Aj-ji.'WfST::? ^7| ; rTT'7k-w_»J.-v» V^T^l^'^JW^ 37 lilf. )# lor do Ilk to tpor- CftpUd t^ be expended itt Nova Scotia, Mjr 135 miles, 4735lOOO ^ NewBruDswick, 265 tniles, 1,44^,000 ; Cat a^a, 150 miUa, £mh 09(^« Tolal je3,00-I. Conditional on the grant of One miti lion and a half by Her Majesty's Government. II. That the capi* tal be subscribed, for the completion of the whole w«rk. III. Security to be gtren that the line firooiHali&x to 'Quebcic be lai4 in 6 years, i tufi. j&nvi ot.mv^^ i^aiiJ «JiO'jf<'iu vnij t»,> Ua_:i..q avmf By this course ibeLegisIatures, 4(lUMMgh setiified of its prietiev bility, »' tmportaAee^nd its yielding an edequatefotuvn, still leave these q aliens to be 'decided by the Uoref nmant and capitalisle, here aii js-f'" .^£13,195. -e fmr. W»«i«»iH-u2fo; Tij Jrji i3,125 ; . *f . CftnaiSf ;; Jrnwc^D piii fm-.ii|i?Di»}■■•''-'- . .Asfere Mf deoMMid tsaaade all eeturn.i from the RaUwaf aed sales o^ leads to be cf ediied* Tkctie lasge expenditiwea of ctpiisal would so increase the revenues of these Provinces, as le eoebl* theBatopay fhe sofas reqyiredfiiad^Madeet^tCihioir/reaeMteoiirBes altogetber-frihatis to say, Iha expenditure of ibeeapttai eroeU «<• iuelf Ofeate a surplus rofMiue ..cfiieieat lejustifyi end provide for, the pledge made for the paym^4Bl. of interest. &a. fkr ea No^a Soothe is fioaearned, tSteXegialsAure and neopld^ wottliliQ fiaetderivB akwge fvcrfit,lor i<\/«<,lhe line wotiM be laid. at once from the Atlantic ^o ibe interiort^-say from Halifax to Trera -'HMid iheqee to Amher'^ By the time ii reached Gay'e Rirsr tte ours «f eeorse woold bd put in operatic*, and the benefit of a Rail* wi^ b(^aa to ^ feU-^aod so for every mile of its further progrefia , Toe line may be completed m lour yaara.--4ii U| be two years interest^ or j£ 13, 125 per year, ia aU iE^USO f»v two ywira. uTheeaaae reealta would fellow io Ne«v Btunswiok. She weoUliderife aa immediate and laqre profit fipoea the exjpea^ilura of4Mi5,06Q,.fnDn^aie«ade aadeeUlement of herSastern^eats-^ fren the fenofoaaato pepidalioa and to heraxiMrte-f-theopetong ef 38 her HiMS and the enlargement of der trade. To Caodda Eaftt the •ante beneftts would be extended. ,.in . :, ^^^ jf.fiiuiU ■ >'i AetH cf ineorporation passed by the ^Ei%l»ltita^o«^^K«>^ ex^' dieni. 1. Because no Company with branches is yet organieed. II. It is a project running through three P. ovincea'~-no act passed by one Legislature could give title or intbiest beyond the bounds of its t>wn territory. HI. The necessary grants of land are not yet obtained--all the terms to be settled — prices, payments, conditions; 4*0. IV. British Government would not grant a million and a half, without the protection of an Act of Parliament. V. Capital- iatc in London and here to be consulted, system of emigration to be!.)ics'.|o\r| CeN»i9iiiAifibRs roR Camtalists. — ^The - Cost of ihe Illil- wty will be lessened in these Provinces. 1st. By a free gift of ./ood and other ihaterials obtained from the Crown Lands. Sn'd. By the offer made l>y Proprietors to give the land required for the reilway, free of dharge. 3rd. By the Legislature excepting all articles tequired for its construction from any colonial imposts, ft&c. 4th. By no purliamentary or le|ral expenses being incurred to adf: great extent. SioinuTT FOR Intbrvst. — 1st. By a grant from Her Majesty's Government of one Million and a half to aid in the construction, fbr which no int«i£3 15 6 cy. Now to Boston--38 to 45 hours* Bofiton to Quebec, 3 days. Passage »boai ;e4 10. To Halifax as abort, 6 days, fioeton, 34 bottrsi 39 tfetthe to New York, 10 hours, making 34 houri. To New York— 7 day* 10 hours. By steam direct from Valen'.ia to Boston, 11 to 13 days. If the speed of 40 miles an hour were ootained on the AaiU way the time from Halifax to St John, N. B. would be 6\ hours, Boston, 15 hours, Quebec, 14 hours, New York, 24 hours. TiniQ thence from Valentia to New York— 7 (Jays I .t i.'o.Nnnur »oO 1. Travellers from the West and Atlantic States to fkirope. 2. Passengers and trade from province to province, on business or pleasure. 3. Emigrants from Great Britain to New Brunswick and to Canada. 4. Passengers and way trade from Settlement to Settlement. 5. Passengers for pleasure from the Provinces to the States, and from the States to the Provinces. The travellers from the South now visiting Montreal and Quebec, would follow the route of the Lc'ver Provinces and return by the way of St Juhn and Halifax. 6. Light Goods from Euroix landed at Halifax for consumption in New Brunswick and Canada. 7. West India pro> duce, rum, sugar and coffee, from the lower ports to Canada. 8^ Fish, &c, from the lower ports to the interior. 9. Canada produce from Quebec for the supply of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, ^"ur, pork, beef, peas, &c. 10. Shipments of Cajoadiau product (r rtuebec via Halifax and St John, to Great Britain. RETURNS TO THE PROVINCES.— 1. Actual proht 00 expenditure of 3 millions. i2. Increase of population and of skilful mecha- nics. 3. Iitcreased value of Real Estate in the cities and through* out the line. 4. Increase of trade, agricultural improvement and facilities of Mining operations. 5. Increase of exports to United States, cord wood— to West Indies, lumber, &c— to Great Britain, deals, battens, &.c. 6. Made the highway to Europe— and conse- quently the field of commercial speculation, both in the West and Atlantic States. 7 Effect in expanding and vivifying the Colonial mind and inte)ligence,pl8cing our population in an equality with that of the New England States. 8. Beneficial effect on the adminis- tration of our local affairs— by creating union, a general feeling, and a wider fieic; for the exertions of public men. 9. Large establish- ments msy hi^ (brmed in Halifax and St John to supply the interior and Qi c >v?:h light goods from England and Europe, — as at New '^c ? * I;, hi the citieaat the mouth of the Elbe and the Rhine, Bulk will a . b .ken in these, and goods pass into the interior to meet the detk^^.i^'^. ii The supply being regular, the accmnulatioo of large stocks, and the loss of interests thus saved. ' v^/ v«>f^rw( ^ Returns to Nova-Scotia. — Of the annual cost of maintenance i£21T,500'-Nova Scotia would be required to yield, say ^th=^54- 375, per annum. Passengers from Truro and Amherst now 30« and 49a by e^age, would be reduced to Truro by 1st class, 58 3rd 3d class, 2s 6d ; from Amherst by 1st class lls3d,by 3d do. 5s8d It wfvtid embrace all the travellers from the Eastern Counties, and frcn rince Edward Island,— according to the present number of tra c ( -s, this would yield i?18400, per annum. See ratea of fare along iiiQ linei Article II, p. 13. la ■ tThe freight of a barrel of Floor from Halifax to Truro now isoats ds 9d, would be reduced to di-a ton of Hay SOs to 11a 3d* a CHaldron of Coal, from Onalow, u)on now than ita value to 6s 9d*~i M. feet of dry Lamber now 7Ua to 7b— a tub of Butter 60 Iba now la 9d to 5d and other articlei in proportipn. ' « ci- M'-ii'i-iH. Consumption in Halifax of Agrici>''ural produce al '^"ilway. Rbtvrn to Nfw BavNb .—Trade and paasengera from Dorchester, Sussex Vale&c, u 3aint J6hn, agricultural produce, British'goods and West India produce. Do. Petticodiac and thence to the coasts in the Gulf of St Lawrence. Coal trade from the Grand Lake, Settlement of her Eastern territory. Timber trade, lumber, deals, batteifs, shipbuilding timber, short and long distances, from the interior to the shipping ports. Trade, passen- gers, freight 4*0* upwards to Qrand rails end Madawaska for po> pulation, and for lumbering parties. The minerals of New Bruns-i wick are free for public enterprise and oompetition-~those Of Nova Scotia are held n- w by the General Mining Asaociation of London. The Westn^reland coal fteld is 70 miles in length —the great coal field of New Brunswick extends over an area of 5000 square miles. It is lielieved that if an easier access were aflbrded, American capitalists Would be induced to speculate in the coal fields and iron ores of this Frovince, and reduce the price of coals both there and in Nova Scotia. The Railroad would facilitate operations. RETURtfs TO Can ADA. —Trade and passengers to River Du Loop. Population on the line, 125,000, 30,000, capable of travelling. 1 trip each year to and fro~-60,000 passages at 10s. ;f30,000. Agi i- Guliural produce to duebec, beef; poric, hay, butterv milk, fruit, poultry, &c. Cordwood, deals, battens, lumber, &c. ;^55|000 of British W. India goods passed last year from Quebec across to Metis and Black River to supply lumberera. By the Settle- meht of the forests to the South and East of River Du J^aken a deep interest in its success ever since he came to Nova Scotia. Of the active and unwearying zeal exhibited by His Excellency Sir fVm. Colebrooke in its advancement, the Province have had repeated and ample manifestations. They have been written with the view of induing His ExceUency the Lieutenant-Governor and H. M- Executive Council^ and the Assembly, of which I have the honour to be a Member, to take decisive action during the ^~esent Session ; and to adopt those practical measures, which, in my humble (qnnion, are essential to the speedy accomplishment, and the ultimate success, of this great Colonial project. Our Legislature led the legislation of the Colonies in rela- tion to it last year — circumstances have again given the prece- dence in this. It is a weighty responsibility ; and I have endea- voured to do my part, so that in the occupation Of this high ground, the duty we owe, as a Province, to British North America, may be faithfully and judiciously performed. I have already referred in the opening paragraphs of my second, third, and especially of the fourth article, to the strong personal inducements, which must operate on Your Lordship^ s mind, to see this gigantic enterprise completed. 1 will not cddress you here, my Lord, in the langv^age of personal encomium, — to the intellectual and rejined, such can never be acetptabU i—permiU me to say that Your Lordship* s highest reward will be in its achievement, — and I shall be contented if this advocacy wiU induce Your Excellency to recommend it earnestly and favourably to If. M. Covernment, and to employ the influence of your high station to push it on with mfety and with speed. I have the honour to be, Tour Lordship* s very obedierU, and humble Servant, GEORGE R. YOUNG. MalifaXi February 22nd, 1847. ^ il?