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FEW NOTES ON THE SUBJECT, 'v BY A COUNTRY PARSON. i There is no subject of more vital im- portance to the well being and very dura- tion of the . new Dominion, than that of immigration, and yet scarcely any other question appears to excite so little atten- tion among our public men, or to be treat- ed with so much indifiference. Even in England far greater interest appears to be felt in the matter than among ourselves. Late numbers of the Telegraph, the Stan- dard, Lloyd's Weekly, and various coun- try papers that have come under my no- tice, have had editorials bearing upon the advantages of Canada as a home for their surplus population, and also valuable com- munications from our agent, Mr. Dixon, in answer to various inquiries. In one of the Slandardf there is an editorial urging that a portion of the " Pea- body" donation should be devoted to the settlement of a few thousand families on a tract of land in this Province. An association has been organized in the Clcrkcnwcll district, London, under the au.spicos of a clergyman — Mr. Hitch- man — and I find in a late London paper that they have epplied to the Ontario gov- ernment for J-0,000 acres on which to found a sottlemont. They are a very re- spectablo clas8 of mechanics and laborer.s, who have joined in this movement, and Would prove a uvrat valuabh' .uldition to our population. From advtirtiscnient.s in Rpirllt-h n:;rors, T tlrid Mi.tc •U" -jix cmui mittees in London, and two in Dorset and Norfolk, engaged in the immigration move- ment. In the hope therefore of exciting some little interest 'i a question of such over- whelming importance to the future des tiny of the new Dominion, I would now call attention to what is done by other countries in competing with us in the Eu- ropean market — what has been done by our^elve3 — and what should be done at the present tin.e to advance our interests in this direction. WHAT OTHER COUNTRIES ARE DoiNQ. From referring to English papers, pamphlets, &c., I find that at least seven of our sister colonies are contending vigor- ously against our interests, four of them giviujg free or assisted passages to farm laborers and their families, female ser- vants, &6. Foremost among them stands Queensland, with first-clas.s ofilces in Lon- don, a large staff of assistants, and an an- nual expenditure that would put to shame the nan-ow-mindcd parsimony that char- acterizes the Canadian government in this rot-poet. Tho small colony of Natal, in East Africa, offers liberal grants of land t^ intending settlers, while the provinces of Now Zealand are steadily adding to their population arospectablc moneyedclass of settler? such iis we havq been looking l-ir in v;iin Kvcii lIi.; lU-pnldic; of Smith ■•:::f I-''/-:- ' r » • * t America, and especially those ou ihe River Plate, have agencies established in Eng- land aod on the continent, for the encour- agement of emigration to the»c places, and from the liberal way in which they are acting, they meet with great success. Two lines of steamers are now plying to these southern ports from Engl&nd, and the Brazilian government supplements the passage money of tho^ who have but slender means', so that an emigrant to Para, Rio, or any other Brazilian port, only has to pay about $30 for passage by steamer. Some of the very best farm laborers in Southern English counties havOj I perceive by an official report, gone in those steamers to Monte Vi'Jeo. But the efforts of all these colonies and states are but trifling whon compared with the exertion used by the United States. In Great Britain they have about .'),000 agents engaged in the passenger traffic alone. Every leading town has its consul andassistantagent,whose chief duty it is to exalt and magnify American advantages. The Mormons also, it is sad to mention, have been exceedingly successful in mak- ine converts in England and Wales to their demoralising doctrines, and have shipped off thousands to New York for Salt Lake city in charge of " elders " Tnose who have money pay their own way, while the young and good looking women who have not. get advances from the "church," which they engage to repay on their arrival at the '' Promised Land." Equal exertions are being made on the continent from Lapland to Italy, and the American Immigration returns tell their own tale of success. These are some of the gigantic influences against which the Dominion has to contend, an d to combat which so little has been done. Our au- thorities are apparently willing to sit with folded hands, scarcely making an effort worthy of the name to turn the fertilising stream upon our own ^shore. It is a fla- grant disgrace to us that thousands upon thousands pass through the provinces every year, to buil4 up an antagonistic and hostile race without an effort worthy of the name being made to retain them. They pass through, in the words of the late lamented McGee, " like the march of an invading army — leaving only the sick, the wounded and the dead behind."' Another influence militating ngainst us is that alluded to ia a late Icttor ^riti*. by Mr. A. P. McDonald, M.P. :— ~^r. '• We Rnd that two Ihirdi of the land gj^ made by the Uoited Statei are io the hnndj^ foreigu capitaliaiR, and a large amount ofii tlio hands of inemhers of the Houij of Con nions in Gngland, and they become >uda of >nt i. Com- agents for the A mcricuu people lam told K good, reliable men. that they have spent \tttl, Buma of money in getting up maps and pam* phleta (iescribing the lands nod having agentai' distrihote the same through England, frelatui and .Sr^oilaod, and they havo paid the passave of numbers of indueutial families to the Uuiieii Hjtates to ECttlti on tbese lands, so as to indnc* their friendM and acquaiutancoK to follow them.** WHAT WE HAVE DONE. *ix But I will now go back three years to show what puny efforts really have been made, according to our own official ac- counts, to direct this torrent of wealth to our wild lands — our fisheries — our indua- trial establishments, and to form new in. £i dustries amongst us. ,.. %\ In 1866 Mr. William Dixon, formerlr. of Ontario, and who had resided for three or four years in London, and was well ac- quainted with most parts of the British Isles and Northern Europe, was appoint- ed Emigration agent for Canada, with an office in Liverpool. From a copy of* " blue book," I find that he commeuood operations in. March, 1866, and thai dur- ing the first nine months of hij incum- bency he received upwards of 85o per- sonal applications for information coDcerD- ing Canada, and 3,395 letters involving, as he justly remarks, a very laborious ^qJ varied correspondence, as he was not al- lowed any assistance. This is a pjain, proof that very many are willing to ask for advice and information concerning the advantages our country hold out to emi- grants. Mr, Dixon writes to the Bureau, Sept. 1, 1S66: rV •' For the purpose of »lir riing thn attention of Emigrnnts to Cannda, I would roHpectfuliy sug- goit that it ia uf paramount importance that free grants of l^.tid should be offered to intpnding bel- ilers, and that I ehould be BUthcrized to i)<>«« warrHnis for the quaniiiy of Inwd granted to iW appliC! nts, on receiving a cedificnte from tjiiflt clergyinun, or local mHgistrae, vouching fir tiieir rosporiabiiiiy with Kuch other safe guards as may be approved of, thus offering a taiigtlb inducement to the emigrant. "^ , "After diiigont and careful enquiries I fir«»»,< ly beljevo that if our govornnient would atfbni^ the like facilities to the Da ninb, Swedish, aa4j Nofwpgiaii oraiirr'.nts, a large and mo-t »•!••! able addition to the farming population of < couuiry could be secured; the previous habtti ^ kh " V^'- «f»|li6M peop'ift rcnclAriiiij t^em aingultrly well sd- ^ aptert for aetlliug in Canada. It would be niosC '' drsirable, however, ahould our governmont ac- /° cedo to this proposition, tlikt the |an<).i granted •: ahuuld be of good quality and well selectod, «o "t M to sati' fy therrit and induce otiiors of their r' eountrymen to fol'ow. I do not think it would . be poAyible ro socure a pornixnan^ rettlornemt _ without offering tbem inducements somewhat ' limilar to tho above, as the ((onaral impression :^ among th^m — so far as I can loam — 'h, that the - Oorcrnment of the Uuited States deals more . liberally with them than that of Canada. "I am of opinion, from tho experience I hnve acquircQ, thai a permanent oHict: ehau d decide- edl; be established in London in preference to any otiier place, for reasons which I can easily ' eiplain. •• Specimens of grain, minerals, and other pro- du«:ti>t on exhibition al this-oBlco for the inspect- ion of intending emigrants, would he appreciat- ed and tend to irnpreiB them favorahly with the great richness of our natural resources. * It would be very rdvaniiigeouH to our best interest' that I should be f uppliod with cop!e« of blue books and other publications issued by Oovernment, to forward to edilnrs of newspa- pers, do that a satisfactory connection might ba maintiiincd with llieni. It would alxo prove. [ think, belief cial to the best interests of itie Pro- vince if the Boards of Arts and Mannfactures were placed in commuuicntion with this office, for the purpoi-e of obtaining information, or the transaction of any business that might require attention in t in country. I would also sogcest that some others ofthe Dopartments might i.ave agency business in England which might be conducted through thisi office ** It wou'd meet a want long aud severely ft^lt by Canadians witlioiit friends, residing in England, if our govt-rnmeni would permit them (0 mnke use of the ofHce to receive lettorii, and to obtain any information or trifling; assistance thatthev might require,- in fact, to grant ih^m tho privilegca enjoyed and so niucli appreciated Hy Americans and other foreigners at th^ir Con- nulates / it would also prevent Canadians fre- quenting United States Consulates aud pa! ter of free lands ; but it will most assuret^- ly be necessary for the sister provinces to do 80 likewise, if they place any value QP the prosperity and increase of the new Dominion. • !•.•?, The gross imposition practiced fpr s6 long a time of sending immigrants from Quebec tp the Western States at Canadi- an expense, was happily ended last spring, to the intense disgust of the agents who were thereby deprived of their profits. Had Mr. Dixon's hints been acted upop when first made, the treasury would have been saved many thousands of dollars. Imagine our cute neighbors paying the way for emigrants from New York to " Canada I How they must have chuekled over our intense verdancy. S It was not the fault of the late respect- ed chief agent, Mr.Buchanan, that Jdr. Dixon's excellent suggestions were not at- tended to. Writing to the minister qji the close of '66, he says: — " I beg leave to call your special a'lention tn t!io report of the 'procnedinea of the Liverpool agent, Mr. Dixon. This report embraces a re-r view ofthe operations of the agency during ||)f season, and contains many valuable sugge^li«n» well doeerving of consideration,' I fn''«* fw'ljr concur in many of Mr Dixon's views and. opin- ions, and regard with a consitlerKbie degree of (>aliRfact(on the results of his labor, ^mce the establishment of the Liverpoo. agency in Marc^ last. 9 very effort appears to ha;o been made to gain for the retiouices of this country a wider publiciiv amonijet Hie laboring population of the United Ivin.idom than thoy liave obtained be- fore. '1 ho r.fficial loiters which I have been Ui the habit of receiving from Mr< Diton from time to time abound ^vith cuir>mon senae and practical hints on tlio subject." • . . * Both Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Dixon urcrfd that the office should be removed to London, but for some inscrutable rcc- son the Liverpool office was close d in Dec, 1866, and Mr. Dixon was sent down to that coal sc^uttlo of England — Wolver-. hampton, where, he has been stationed the past two years. WHAT SUOULD BE DONE. But having now mentioned what is being done by others and by ouiselves, I shall give as briefly as possible a few prac- tical suggestions as to what should bo done in reference to this exceedingly mo- , 1^ , :^i i'f -'•■ v^ ^re as applicable to our position now, as raentous subject". It is a question to which they were two and a half years ago. The I have given much time and reflection, for Ontario Government alone, to their credit as a lovor of British connection I fi.M ■ ■ -^ Hjobt (U-upiytX— ' "— *jCJPaiivo -auce^Sity of building up oiinBounlry with the bone and sinow of our Fatherland and of northern Europe, if wo would preserve our present autonomy under the slicltcring aegis of the old flag. We require — it is indeed an absolute necoBsity — n central office in London for the Dominion, 'well supplied with Cana- dian papers, books, &c. There gentlemen connected with the P]nglish press could obtain any information tliey' required, and rcspi ctable farmers, farm laborers and others who visit the great metropolis, could thoroughly satisfy thoir minds as to tho advantages the Dominion can offer in lands, wages and the miscellanoous infor- mation which every prudent emigrant would require concerning the four provin- ces. It should be a place where Canadi- ans would find a resting place for their feet' in the modern Babylon, and where a register of those in England might be kept a place where they could obtain information and advice, and be made to feci that they were not strangers in a strange land with none to care for them, but welcome visitors to the mttropolis of the empire, and subjects of the mightiest power upon earth. We rcqui'*e also thoroughly competent men, with a perfect knowledge of both countries, to travel through the rural dis- tricts of the three kingdoms, to lecture and advise the people, to spread broadcast printed information, and to refer intending emigrants to the central office for future guidance should they require it. On the continent, evon without regularly appoint- ed ligents, we couldavail ourselves of the services of some of the numerous pass- enger agents who are to be found in every maritime town. Passenger vessels plying to our ports should also have information printed in two or three languages, framed and glazed for exhibition between decks ; and our mail agents might be induced for a consideration to undertake the distribu- tion of information that would bo gratefully ■fci'i rocoivctnJy boiigrabts and studied carefulL to wile away the tedium of the voyage. At tho head quarters of the Dominion wo should have a Conmisssioner of l^. migration who would give liis undivided, attention 10 tho operations of the agencies Labor registries should be established and the present abominable system of railroad passenger agencies should be abo- lished at once and for ever. Tho agenta of our Canadian railroads receive a com. mission on the fares of passengers, and it is their policy to induce immigranta to book themselves for the most distant pla. ces in the United States in order to b- crcase their commission. In one railroad sheet there are 124 towns in the States, to which those commission agents are author- ized to book passengers. We are taxed heavily for those roads, and it would not conduce to the satisfaction of the tax-pay, ers to know that they were used for damag. ing our interests so seilously. One other subject and I shall conclude. The London daily journals have corres- pendents in tho chief places of interest in the world, from Japan to Vancouver's Island — from Peshawur to Calcutta, and at different points in China and Australia. Canada alono is excepted, and Canadian news is invented by Yankees for circula- tion in England. This is a very seriooa evil, and I can only account for it on the supposition that we j)ul in so meagre an appearance at headquarters in comparison with other colonies, that we do not think we are worthy of notice. ^ . The only English paper I know of that has a Canadian corre; 'ondent is the Lon- don Ouardian, and although that paper has very great influence among the higher classes, still it is only an expensive weel^, and does not reach the lower grades .rf English Society. This is a very "seriotB detriment to us, for we have daily illa»"¥j trations of the manner in which ouraffairt \i are tortured by the Munchausens of t])^ American press, and it is through thispreil;^ the history of our affairs reaches EnglanA;! f 2 98C ou ihe Biver lished in Eog* for the encour- he»c places, aiid fvhich they are it BUCCCB8. Two plying to these ;l&Dd, and the ipploments the who have but m emigrant to Brazilian port, for passage by ery beat farm glish counties ial report, gone I VMeo. ise colonies and compared with United States, ^e about fi,000 issenger traffic Q has its consul lief dutjitisto m advantages, ad to mention, cessful in m^k- and Wales to ics, and have New York for e of " elders " pay their own i good looking advances from ngage to repay omiaed Land." ; made on the Italy, and the turns tell their se are some of linst which the and to combat one. Our au- ling to sit with .king an effort I the fertilising B. It is a fla- . housands upon the provinces n antagonistic I effort worthy retain them, le words of the :e the march of ; only the sick, behind."' ting ngainst us is that alluded to ia a late Icttor writu^ by Mr. A. P. McFonald, M.P. :— ^ *• We Rnd that two thirdi of the Und or^ made by the United Statei are Id the hanj^'j foreigu capitaliatp, and a large pinouDi oru - tho hands of niemhers of the Houaj or Coin* nions in Cn|;land, and they become amirrtii' agents for the American people lam told w good, reliable men. that tliey have spent Wttm 8UIUB of money in getting up maps and paiP phlets (iescribing the lands nnd having ageuui* diatribate the same through England, Irelahd and Scotland, and they have paid the paasage of numbers of influential families to the Uuit^ States to ECttlu on tbese lands, so as to indnc* their friends and acquaintances to fuHow theih*> WHAT "WE HAVE DONE. vf But I will now go back three years to show what puny efforts really have been made, according to our own official ae- counts, to direct this torrent of wealth to our wild lands — our fisheries — our indog. trial establishments, and to form new in- dustries amongst us. , . In 1866 Mr. William Dixon, formerW. of Ontario, and who had resided for three or four years in London, and was well ac- quainted with most parts of the British Isles and Northern Europe, was appoint- ed Emigration agent for Canada, with an office in Liverpool. From a copy of • " blue book," I find that he commeuood operations in. March, 1866, and that djur- ing the first nine months of hij incum- bency he received upwards of 850 per- sonal applications for information concern- ing Canada, and 3,39.1 letters involving, as he justly remarks, a very laborious ^qJ varied correspondence, as he was not al- lowed any assistance. This is a pjain proof that very many are willing to ask for advice and information concerning the advantages our country hold out to emi- grants. Mr. Dixon writes to the Bureaa, Sept. 1, 1866: -v •* For the pur|)o.<:o of