^v'k ^ V] 7 *^ 4^ '/^ /A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.8 11.2: U ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation // ^' ^^i> A^ ^da A A^ ^o.^ <:<^ « m L^. 'A t/j 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ;:»% INSTRUCTIONS, Under the DIrectipn of the SecrcUiy of Slate for the Colonial Departmcntt COUMVNICATEO TO LIEUT. COL. COCKBURN by The R; Hon'" R. W. HORTON, III .1 — --.~— , . — - 0.««. 'V in a Letter dated 26th Januitry M37; WITH A LETTER and APPENDIX, ADDRESSED TO The R' Hon"" R. W. HORTON by LIEUT. COL. COCKBURN, Detailing the Execution of these Instructions. Ill O f INSTRUCTIONS. (Copy.) SlRj Downing StrM'l, 2lith January M27. It lia» been tlioii^lit expeilient that Measures should bi' taken for 3(X).0i¥J Acres of Waste Land beiri}; surveyed, and other necessary Arraiigi'mciitH made for tlie Reception in Nova Scotia, New Hriinswick, and Prince Kdward's island, during the ensuing Autumn, of C'.UOO lunigrants, Heads of Families, (say lU.CKX) Souls,) in the Event of such a Measure being finally decided upon by His Majesty's Government; and Lord Hathurst having selected you as a fit Person to carry these Arrangements into KtU'ct. aiid to perf()rm such further Services as are herein-after exprcsseil, you are to considei yourself as appointed a Commissioner i'or said Piuposcs, and to be governed in the Ferformance of vou: Duties by the following Instructions. Vou arc to proceed without Delay to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island, and after consulting on the Subject of these Instruc- tions with the respective Lieutenant (iovernors of those Provinces, you will proceed to tlie Districts which under all Circumstances appear best suited to the Purposes of Settlement, with a view of ascerfciining, previous to any Surveys or other Arrangements being made, that not only the Situation is eligible, l)ut that the Quality of tiie Land is such as to ensure the Means of ultimate Success to any industrious Settler who may be placed thereon. In ultimately forming your Determination on this Part of your Instructions, you will keep in mind the great Advantage to be derived from placing the new Settlements as near as possible to inhabited Parts of the Country. The total Quantity of Land to be thus laid out inider your Directions is not to exceed tiOO.OOO Acres ; in fixing the Proportion for each Province, you must be guided by Information to be obtained on the Spot. Having fixed on the Situation and determined the Quantity of Land to be surveyed and laid out in each Province, and made the necessary Arrangements for efl'ccting the latter, you will ascertain the most eligible Place of Disembarkation for the Proportion of Settlers intended to be sent there ; you will also take Measures for ensuring die Means of Removal being provided for them and their Baggage, from the Place of Disembarkation to the Place of Settlement. It will also be necessary that a Supply of One Month's Provisions slioulil be actually received, and put into Store at the Place of Settlement, previous to the Arrival of the Emigrants, as likewise that there is a due Proportioi> at the Point of DiscMubarkition, and the Means of supplying tiiem on the Route fiom thence to the Place of Destination. IAQ2 Tl lU ll ( l» ) The FooJ to be issueil to tlic Sctttiiis must In' stifTiLlont, and of gtioj and wlioFcsor.ie Quality ; liut in fixing the contingent on the actual Arrival ot Setkleri. You will perceive tfiat the foregoing Instntctions alluile more particniarfy to Nova Scotia, New Briniswiik, und IViiice I'Mward's Islaiul, to wliicli IVovince* the Anangements tor the t'vi'iitual Convevance «)t" i'lniigiants art* at present confined. When you shall have performed the Ser^ ice herein pointed vat to yoil in the ahove-named I'rovinces, and shall have made a Hejiort of what you have done in ohedience to tliis I'art ol' yonr Instructions, you will proceed to Lower and Upper Canada, where you will in like Manner conuniiiiicate yoiit Instrnctions to the Governor General in the one, and to the Lieutenant (Jovernor of the other ; with the former you will consult ot» the Suhject of Emigration generally, and on all I'oint:^ connecteil with the Disposal or Settle- ment of the un^jranled and unimproved Lands in tiie difhieiit Colonics. From both Ix)wer and Upper Canada yoii will bring home similar Topojjra- pliical Information to that already described as being required from the other Provinces, These Instructions will insure you the Assistance and Ccwoperation of all Persons in Authority in the Colonies, whether Civil or Military; and the Sur. veyor General and other Provincial OHicers will he directed, by the Persons administering the respective Governments, to supply you with such DociunenH as you may require, the better to enable you to fulfil the Duties thus entrusted to you ; ard should you require any of the Books, Plans, Diagrams, Estimates, or other Documents, appertaining or referring to the former Settling l)ej)art. tnent, und in Possession of the Deputy Quarter Master General, or other Military Departments, the Officer commaiuling the Forces will direct the same to be delivered over to you. It is tlieretbre confitlentiy expected, that on your Return to England you will be provided with every Description of Information necessary to enable the Government here to carry into effect a more extensive System of Emigration to ail Parts of British America, should the same he deemed requisite and advisable. Your Return to England will not be required until .Tuly or August. You will, however, be expected to use all due Diligence, but Accuracy and detailed Information arc of the first Importance. It is to be hoped that the several Colonial Legislatures will provide the Fimd* necessary for surveying the Lands and constructing the Roads within their respective Provinces, or it may, perhaps, b^^ so arranged as to pay for the Surveys by a Per-centage on the Land, the same as has lately been done in U|)pcr Canada ; at all Events, however, it is to be expected that the Expenditure to be incurred under these Instructions shall not exceed rflO,()00. Tt IBl Direction* wr I? 1 ( ^ ) Directii ms wil! be sent by tlie Lor Js Commissioner!! of His MujcstyN Trc«. sury to the senior Officers of the Commissariat Department in the Provineet where you may he resilient, to supply yon, under the Authority and Din:ction» of the I'ersons therein commaiulin>j the Forces, with such Sums as you may from Time t(i Time require in the Performance of the above-named Ser>ic€s, it being, however, iincieistooil tliat you are previously to mjbmit a written Requisition to the Inspection and Consideration of tlie Person commanding* the Forces, pointing out tlie Cause of your requiring such Sum, or the particular Disbursements you are about to make with it In proceeding from one Province to another, you will provide yourself with Certificates, signed by th»- C^tr.siander of the For , shewing the total Amount you have received in each. You will be allowed to cliarge your travelling and otiier Expences while employed ou this Service, and on your Return to En;,la!ul, the \moiint of Remuneration lor the Services you have perturmed will be decided on. I nm, kc (Signed) II. W. HoilTON. ii; % Trea- 'ovintt't n;ctiori» '^ou may ienices, written naudin^ I or the younrff tlie totui ■e« while nount of )RTON. ( tU ) I OPY of a Letter from Livutrnant Otloncl Cockiirn to thi Ri^ht Honourable R. W. Hohtoh. 9Uk IH, HitirMiioii Sirvrt, l70 Acres, innii no one Tract can be found containing more than Ki,()00 Acres fit tor Cul- tivation. Ills eiiili\, A. No. 1., I'HUt I. The large Space remaining vacant in the Counties of Annapolis, Shelburne, Queen, and Lunpnburgh, all Accounts agree in describing as generally inter- sected with Lakes, Ponds, Rocks, and Barrens ; and the ungranted Lands iti Cumberland, jjarticularly in the Neighbouihood of the Cobeouid Mountain, though ( ) See his Heport in ihu Appendix. A. No. L'., Page '21. See liis Plan and Report ill tlic Appendix, A. Ni). ;),, Page 27. though well timberoil, are known to be rocky, ami but little soiiglil after. Were Emigrants, however, j be sent out in small Nimibcrs, there are, doubtless, some Parts of Nova Scotia well calculated for their Reception. The Township ot'Maxwelton in the County of Pictou, for Instance, contains, according to the Statement of Mr. Crcrar, the Deputy Surveyor of the District, iOjOOO Acres of good vacant Land, and easy of Access, either from the Gulf of St. Lawrence or the Atlantic Ocean. The County of Sydney, including the adjacent Parts of the County of Halifax, Mr. Wentu-orth Tat/lor, the Deputy Surveyor of the District, st.iites as containing 1'20,0U0 Acres cf good vacant Land, which are also well situated for Settlement ; it should, however, be observed that the latter are by no means in one Block, and the Surveyoi- General thinks their Quantity may be rather over-rated. Information was also obtameJ of some other Tracts of vacant good Land, of nearly similar Extent, though not of such easy Access, as likewise of many smaller Parcels in various Parts of the Province ; but in no Instance could I discover anyone connected Tract of surticient Importance to justify my incurring the Expencc of having it exj)lored. Gr^at Part of the foregoing Information was acquired subsequent to my first leaving Halifax : previous, however, to so doing, I had heard and seen sutticient to convince me that Nexv Jirunszvic/r afJbrded a much finer Field for extensive Emigration than Nota Scotia, and under this Impression I was induced at an early Period of my Inquiries to direct my Attention to the relative Advantages of the different Situations of the various and extei.sive Tracts of Land known to be vacant in the former Province. In this, as in every other Part r '"the Service I was employed on, I received the most valuable Advice and Assistance from Sir .James Kempt, and I can of^'er no stronger Proof of the superior Advantage attached to the Situation ultimately fixed upon, than by stating it to have been pointed out by his Excellency, not only as the one in Britisii North America of the greatest Ini- portance to have settled, but, provided the Lands turned out good, as the most likely to conduce to all the Purposes required. Having completed my preparatory Arrangements in Halifax, 1 proceeded, on the 10th of April, on my Journey towards New Brunswick, by the Way of Windsor, Annapolis, and Digby, which afforded me the Gratification of seeing a Succession of beautiful and extensive Settlements, and tlie Means of ob- taining much important and practical Information ; besides, by taking this Route y?-0M Halifax, and that of Onslow, Truro, Pictou, and Guysborough in returning, I insured to myself the Advantage of passing through the grer.ter and more valuable Parts of both Provinces, previous to offering any decided Opinion on the Subject of my Mission. On the IJth of April I reached St. .lohnN, New Brunswick, where I was detained until the KJth, owing to the River not being considered sufficiently clear of Ice to admit of the Steam Boat going up, and the Road being at this Season (as I believe it is at all others) next to impassable. This Delay was the more to be lamented, as Sir Howard Douglas was at Frederictci, and I felt averse to making Inquiries within the Limits of his Government previous *o having obtained his Authority for so doing. The Time, however, was by no means lost, for through the kind Attention of Mi'. Wedderburne, Secretary 5 to ':^ I IX ) to tlio Now Uiiin^wick Agiiiultiiral and Emigrant Socut) , J wa^ put in pos- session of some interesting and useful Facts respecting the Progress of several Emigrants who had been placed upon their Lands under his immediate Obser- vation. Mr. Minette, a Deputy Surveyor, of whom very favourable Mention had been made to me, being also at St. John's, I obtained iVcmh him mucii positive and satisfactory Information concerning that Part of the Country between the Miramichi River and Nepisigit on the Bay of Chaleur, through which the pro- posed new Communication between Halifiix and Quebec is to run, and which Mr. Minette had beer, employed to explore and mark out. See SliUemcnt sent liy Mr. Weil- (lerbiirne, diited 1st May l^<'.'", ill the Appendix, li. No. 1. Page 33. i On the 27th April I reached Fredericton, and was received by Sir Howard Douglas with that Cordiality and Kindness which are the best and most gratify- ing Assurances of future Co-operation and Support. The Heads of all his public Departments were in like Manner ready and anxious to afford every Information in the Line of their respective Employments ; but to Captain Hurd, the Surveyor General of the Province, and to Mr. Bailey, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, my Thanks are more particularly due ; indeed, I know not how sufficiently to express my Acknowleilgments for the important and continued .Assistance tliey afforded me ; no Means were left untried, no Exertion spared by them to supply me with the best and most extensive Information ; in fact, they seemed iilentified with the Service I was employed on, aiu', as deeply interested in its Success as I was myself. Tlius aided in the Inquiries I hail to make, the Period of my Stay at Fredericton was materially lessened, and on the Q3d April, backed by the fullest Approval of Sir Howard Douglas in all I was doing, (for his Excellency entirely agreed as to there being every Reason for preferring the Tract between Petecoudiac and Miramichi to all others for commencing on,) and provided with every Description of Information judged likely to be useful, I crossed the St. John's River, and proceeded on my Journey. I should mention that amongst the Documents taker, with me from Fredericton was a Map of New Brimswick compiled with the minutest Carj from the Records, Plans, and Reports in the different Offices, a.id the oral Information of Persons best acquainted with the Nature and Descrij)tion of the Lands througliout the Province. This Map, which was prepared in the Surveyor General's Office for the express Purpose of assisting the Description of Inquiry I was employed to make, |)roved of the greatest Service ; and a Copy of it made out in like Manner, under Captain Hurd's immeiiiate Direction, was sent forward with my Letter of the l5thJune. Mr. Bailey and Captain Hurd would iiave accom- panied me through the Parts of New Brunswick I had still to visit, if their official Duties could have been so arranged as to have admitted of their so long Absence from the Seat of Government, without Danger of Inconvenience to the public Service. The Risk, however, was thought too great ; and it was therefore arranged that Mr. Smith and Mr. Berkwith, the former the confi- dential Assistant in the Surveyor General's Office, and the latter in the Crown Commissioners, should be attached to my Party, with Directions to remain as long as I might find occasion for their Services ; and this was deemed the more requisite, not only from the very general Knowledge possessed by those Gentlemen of every Part of the Province, and the consequent Assistance they would be competent to afford, but with a View of enabling them on returning to Fredericton to explain tlio Object and Extent of any Measure I might find in it ri r ( ) it right to adopt, and tlius, as far as possible prevent tlic Chance oC mis- understanding, in the Event of future Correspondence witli tlieir reipcci-ve Departments. Mr. Maclauchlan (an Officer on tiie Half-pay of the late lOttii Regiment, and distinguished for his great Zeal and Activity in Upper Canada, where he was severely wounded,) having been recommended by Sir Howard Douglas to fill the Situation of Superintendent, should Emigration take placn to any Part of New Brunswick, I judged it advisable to procure this Gentleman's Assistance during the Remainder of my Tour through the Province, deeming it of first- rate Consequence to afford him so favourable an Opportunity of becoming acquainted with Arrangements making in reference to a Service, the Details of which, if it ever took effect, were to be placed under his Superintendence ; and well knowing, from his great Capabilities and Experience as a Surveyor, that he was fully qualified to forward and take part in the Inquiries I was making. The Distance from Frcdericton to Chatli.in, the Port and principal Town on the Miramichi River, is about 120 Miles. There is a Road, such as it is, the whole Way, the first Forty-five Miles of which, by the Side of the Nash- wauk River and over what is called the Portage, are the worst. ^V^e were, nevertheless, very glad, on arriving at the upper Part of the South-west Branch of the Miramichi, to avail ourselves of Water Conveyance for the remaining Seventy-five Miles ; and by dint of Perseverance, and a Determination to get the better of all Difficulties, succeeded in reaching Chatham on the Niglit of the 25th of April. A great Portion of the Country we had passed through during this Part of our Journey had been lately settled, and afforded constant Opportunities of acquiring the best Information as to the Wants, Progress, and Capabilities of the Settlers, by seeing and conversing with them on the very Spots they were labouring to improve. On these Occasions, I never failed to inquire their Opinions as to the Advantage a Person would have, if placed on Lands with Assistance similar to that, which it is proposed should be advanced to those to be sent out by Government, and the Power of such Person to repay, within a given Time, the Amount so expended in establishing him. To this Inquiry the Answer scarcely ever varied, and was as follows : " Give him good Land, and in Five Years he will be able to commence repaying you at the Rate of Five Pounds a Year, or more, provided you consent to receive it in Produce. I wish I had ever had such a Chance." With respect to Repayment in Money, they were less confident, and when pressed on this Point, seemed to think that the prevailing Habit of Barter Transactions would render the Fulfilment of any such Arrangement very difficult and uncertain. During the Continuance of my Tour through the different Provinces, the above Ir ]uiry was repeated Day after Day, and Hour after Hour ; and though the Persons to whom it was made were of all the different Ranks in Society, the Reply was so generally and entirely to the same Effect, that I feel bound to believe the Expectation it holds out would seldom fail to be realized, provided the Experiment be made under the Limits and Precautions you have already suggested. Sir Howard Douglas had been good enough to send forward to Chatham, for the Purpose of notifying my Intention of visiting that Place, and requesting that every Information and Assistance might be afforded me. No sooner, therefore, was my Arrival made known, than all the Gentlemen of the Neighbourhood Neighbonrhood .lui ,„. .1,.. Knul.u.ss of ..,111,,, t., ..(Kt their Services • .,,.1 before I left Cliatl.;.m, I rcailv believe 1 l,„l 1. , n '""^"t '>'"' , . , , - "ui(.\e 1 had seen overv Person in anv wiv acquainted witi, the Quality of the Lands for Fifty Miles round. ^ In such a Mass of Information, it is in no way surprising,, that Statements somewhat contrad.ctory were occasionally „,ade. To hav e taken them all down .n \V rmn. would have (ille.i a lar^e VoUuu., ,„., tended perhaps rather to con. fuse than explain. Suflic.ent will, however, be fou.ul noted in the (ieneral llen.uk Book, and other accompanying Memoranda, to shew that though the Lands inune .Lately fronting on the Gulf Shore, and through which the new Line of l{oad ha,* for the present been opened, are of une,,ual Quality, yet those in rear of the Road, and m a direct Line between Uichibuctooand lVteeoudiac,are .renenllv considered good and fit for Settlement. It is in this latter Direction"that the great Luie of Communication towards Lower Canada must ultimately be laid out, so as to cross the Rivers and Streams where Bridges can easily be thrown over them, reduce the Distance nearly One Third of its {.resent Ext.mt. and by passing through a fine Hard Wood Tract, avoid the low Lands, Swamps, and Barrens described as occas:-.nal|y occurring i.i the Front. Although during theNuie Days I remained at Chatham. I was each Day more strongly con firmed ,n the Belief that the Tiact between Petecoudiac and Miramicl?i, gene- ra y spcakuig, was of a Description to answer J.e Purposes of Emigration 1 still felt that nothing ought to be left to Chance on so vital a Point, and more particularly as it concerned a Part of the Colonies which it was of such acknowledged Importance to the whole to have settled ; I therefbre determined on sending Surveyors through the Woods, pointing out the Courses which each was to take ; and directing them to adopt every Means fbr ascertaining with the greatest possible Accuracy the Quality of the Lands they passed through ; and to meet me again at Richibuctoo, with their several Rcj.orts, The Sex-erity of Wet ther which subsequently took place, unpreceilented at so late a Period of th'e Spring, materially impeded the Accomplishmentof this Part of my Arrangements and the Receipt of some of the Reports (Extracts from the whole of which are herewith transmitted) was consequently delayed till after my Arrival in Nova Scotia. On the 4.th of May I left Chatham, but, owing to contrary Winds and bad Weather, did not reach liichilmctoo until the Night of the 9th, thou-rji the Distance by Land is only Forty-Hve Miles. The latter Place, though by no means so poi)uloiis as the former, is well settled, and I received from the Inhabitants every possible Assistance and Attention. Letters were waiting my Arrival from Mr. Maclauchlan, detailing the Difficulties occasioned by the bad Weather, and stating, that as the Surveyors had been driven to seek Shelter amongst the X'ttlements, he was fearful I should have left Richibuctoo before the Services required in the Woods could be completed, and had therefbre directed Mr. Beckwith and Mr. Jouett after completing their Surveys, to return direct to their Homes, and send theil- Reports from thence to await my Arrival at Halifax. Of this Alteration I by no means ...proved ; however, all I could do was to make the best Arrange- ments within my Reach for remedying the Evil. On the ilth of May I went up the Richibuctoo River as far as it is navi. gable, stopping to obtain Information at different Places where Settlements had been cflectedj and a finer Water Communication, fbr its Extent, I never saw. On ^1 ii I ti I 1- ( xu ) On the lUh of May I left Uicliibiictoo, uniJ on the l.^tlv lOiicho.l .ShoiUac, Ironi wliencc I proceeded to the Petecoudiac River, over tlic first Road practi- cable for Wheels whicii I Iiad seen since leaving Fredericton, Tiie Land aboiit^ •• thr lieml" (for so the Place is called) was for a long Time considered of inferior Quality, and was thereby prevented from being settled as soon and as thickly as might otherwise have been expected. The Importance o4' tiie Situation, however, at last brought it into Repute ; and the Soil now proves to be as productive as any in the Province. The Number of Houses which have lately been erected give it tiie Appearance of a Town ; and altiiough no regular Village has been laid out, there is already some Difficulty, and much Expence, in procuring a Space sufficient for a building Lot. This Place stands on the Isthmus through which the Land Communication between Nova Scotia and all Parts of New Brunswick and the Canadas does and must continue to pass. The Distance from it to the Gulf of St. Lawrence at Shediac is only Sixteen Miles ; to the Bay of Fundy, either by Land or Water, about Twenty; the River being navigable so far up for Schooners of the largest Class ; and the Road to Halifax good for Carriages of any Description the whole Way. With such Advantages of Situation the Bend of Petecoudiac cannot fail of rapidly increasing in Population and Importance ; and I have been more detailed in describing it, on account of its immediate Vicinity to the new Townships now laying out. At Petecoudiac I was met by Mr. Smith, who had lefl me at Chatham, and to whom I had entrusted the exploring that Part of the vacant Lands between Richibuctoo and Petecoudiac situated to the Rear of the Settlements on the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Notwithstanding all Obstructions of Wind and Weather, this Gentleman had performed the Service allotted to him in a masterly Manner ; and his Plan and Report were so clear and explanatory, as to warrant every Confidence in the favourable Accounts which they detailed. During my Stay at the Bend, I received Information of a Tract of vacant Land on the other Side of the River, said to amount to Two or Three hundred thousand Acres, and to be throughout of first-rate Quality ; and as this wew Tract was in the immediate Vicinity of the Lands to which my Attention liad been so strongly directed, I did not hesitate again to avail myself of the Services of Mr. Smith, and directed him to proceed forthwith to explore iV, and having done so, to meet me with his Plan and Report at Truro. On the 18th of May, I lelit Petecoudiac, and proceeded to Dorchester, pass- ing over Roads and through Settlements that would do credit to any Country. On the 19th I reached Westcock, the Residence of Mr. Justice Botsford, • Gentleman whose general Knowledge of the Topography, Capabilities, and Interests of the Province, it is admitted, cannot be excelled, and to whom Sir Howard Douglas had written, stating the probable Time at which I should pass through his Neighbourhood (the Parish of Sackville), and requesting him to afford me every Information and Assistance in his Power. To a Person of whom such frequent and favourable Mention had been made to me, I was most anxious of becoming known ; and on obtaining that Advantage did not fail to enter with him most fully on the various Points connected with my Mission, and to seek his candid Opinions and Advice thereon. The Result was in every way most satisfactory, for in no one Instance have I met with a Person more conversant on the Subject, or more sanguine as to the great and general Advantages to be derived from an extensive and well-regulated System 6 of I !l! Slu'diac", (I piacti- k1 about ilerect of n and as e oi' tlie )roves to licli have o regular Kxpence, Is on the tia and all )ass. The en Miles } ;l\e River i Road to Vith such )f rapidly letailed in ships now eft me at he vacant ear of tlie uctions of ed to him :planatory, :y detailed. t of vacant 2e iumdred IS this new ;cntion liad self of the explore it. lester, pass. ly Country. Botsford, » bilities, and i to whom ch I should requesting fo a Person < me, I was ige did not ed with my The Result [ met with a e great and ated System of I ( XI" ) of Emigration. His Approval of the Situation selected for commencing on was decided and unciualified ; and of such liigii Importance to the Security and Welfare of British North America generally, but more particularly to New Brunswick, does he consider the opening the new proposed great Line of Communication toward? the Canadas, that he offered, during the Intervals of official Occupation, his personal Assistance in laying it out, or in any Manner connected with it wherein he could be made useful. Amongst other Papers herewith transmitted, you will find a Letter from Mr. Botsford addressed to "^fe Apppndix, n. me some time after I had left him, and in which, after Time for further ' ' " "'^" Consideration, you will perceive he recapitulates the same Oi)inions. His Observations respecting the Consequences which have arisen from the very extensive and unrestricted Choice of Soil, hitherto allowed to Persons obtaining Lands in the Colonies, are highly valuable, and repeated Proofs of their Accu- racy have come within my own Knowledge. On the 20th of May, accompanied by Mr. Botsford, I left Westcock for Bay Verte, a Harbour for small Vessels on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and one Side of which is in New Brunswick, the other in Nova Scotia. One of the Objects of this Visit was to see an old established and very respectable Settler of the Name of Chappie, of whose practical Knowledge in every Point con- nected with new Settlements Mr. Botsford had a high Opinion. From both Mr. Chappie and his Son much useful Information was obtained ; and here See Appendix, n, again I had the Gratification of finding my previous Opinions and Calcu- °' ' "*'" lations fully confirmed. On the 21st May we left Bay Verte, and, after passing through a beautiful Country, reached Amherst in Nova Scotia, where I took leave of my excellent and zealous Friend the Judge, and proceeded the same Evening on my Route to Truro. After leaving Amherst, the Country became less settled until I had passed the Cobequid Mountain ; but on entering the Township of Lon- donderry, I again found myself in the midst of flourishing Settlements ; and the same favourable Appearance may, generally speaking, be said to have prevailed during the Remainder of my Tour in Nova Scotia. On arriving at Truro, on the 22d May, I received your Letter of the 9th March. On the 23d, I was employed making Inquiries respecting the vacant Lands in the Township} the only Person, however, who proved qualified to give Information on the Subject, was Mr. Miller, the Deputy Surveyor ofthe District, by whose Account See Ms Staiemcnt. it appears that the Quantity still remaining to be disposed of is inconsideiable. pj^'l^aj"''^"'^''"** On the '2ith, Mr. Maclauchlan and Mr. Smitli arrived, and I was much gratified at receiving most encouraging Accounts of the Lands they had been employed to explore. The Shepody Tract (that which Mr, Smith had last Appcndii.B.No.^. passed through) proved in every resper* equal to the very favourable Accounts **" ' received of it at Petecoudiac, Mr. Maclauchlan's Account of the Lands lie had passed through was also decidedly goodi and this, together with the See tlieir Plan* foiiner Jieport of Mr. Smith and that of Mr. Lay ton, received while I was at Alfu'lidixrB.No.S. Westcock, and various other Opinions and Testimonies to the same Kffect, Page 43. put me entirely at Ease as to the Tract between Petecoudiac and Miramichi being fit for Settlement. From Truro Mr. Smith returned by the Bay of Fundy and St. John's to Fredericton, and on reaching the latter Place, was to com- mence, under the Superintendence of the Surveyor General, the different Maps [2>] and J j : ii f 1^ f: hi w i I See Papers in Ap- pendixj C. No. I . I'nge 49. See Appendix, D. No. 1. I'age 5.5. ( SiV ) and Plans which I required to take to Enghmd, and wliiclj he had so weli quahfied himself to make out correctly. Your Letter of the 7th February, received at Miramichi, having enjoined the putting off as mucli, and to as late a Period as possible, the incurring any Expence for the special Purpose of Emigration during the present Year, I was of course most an.xious to delay, as long as Circumstances would safely admit of my so doing, tiie carrying into effect that Part of my Instructions, which directed that the necessary Measure* should be taken for having 300,000 Acres of the Waste Lands of the Crowa .surveyed, and 1 therefore gladly availed myself of Mr. Maclauchlan's voluntartf and very handsome Offer to continue with me until I reached Halilax, thinking it very probable on arriving there I might receive still later Directions from you. On the Evening of the 2tth May I arrived at Pictou. On tlie iJ5tIi saw Mr. Crerar, the Deputy Sur\'eyor, whose Report has already been alluded to, and ascertained that the vacant Lands in the District did not exceed 50,000 Acres altogether, but those were easy of Access. In the Evening I embarked on board the Government Vessel Chebuctoo, which Sir James Kempt, anxious in every way to facditate the Service I was engaged in, had sent to meet me, with Orders to the Master to place himself under my Directions, On the 26th May I reached Prince Edward's Island, where I remained 'till the 30th, on the Evening of which Day I again embarked on board the Chebuctoo for Cape Breton, During my Stay at the Island, I employed each Day in visiting different Parts of it. The Climate, Soil, and Situation are all highly favourable, but the Lands remaining at the Disposal of tiie Crown would not amount altogether to upwards of 30,000 or 40,000 Acres. Of these, about 15,000 are situated in Township /iS, and 1'2,000 in Toxviu ship 15. I saw the Surveyor General of the Island, but could obtain no additional Information from him. On the 1th of June, I landed at Louis- burg, formerly the principal Establishment of the French in the Island of Cape Breton, and in those Days a Place of considerable Extent. The Harbour is one of the finest in America, and never Jrozen up. From Louisburg (where there are at present but a few Fishermen's Huts) I proceeded at once to Sydney. The Distance is about Twenty-five Miles, the first Twelve of which are wretched, and tli rough a Country which appeared to be rocky and stony, though producing in some Places a Growth of hard Wood. Pre- vious to my leaving Halifax, Sir James Kempt had written to Captain Crawley, the Surveyor General of Cape Breton, apprizing him of the Period about which I might be expected to visit the Island, and requesting him to obtain ♦^very possible Information, and have a Map, similar to those already described, prepared against my Arrival. On reaching Sydney, and putting mjself in Communication with the Surveyor General, I had the Satisfaction of finding that the Instructions of Sir James Kempt had been in every way fulfilled ; and the Map of Cape Breton herewith transmitted (compiled and finished by Mr. W. H. Crawley, the Deputy Surveyor General of th.e Island) may, I have no doubt, be entirely relied on, and certainly is a Document to do credit to any Office. The Climate and Situation of this Island are much on a Par with Prince Edward's. The Soil, thougli of different Description, and not of the same even Quality throughout, may in many Places be considered equally productive. The vacant Lands are more extensive, and may altogether cer- 7 tainly ( XV ) tainly be estimatea at fHK\(K)0 Avies ; of tfiese, the Tracts e\teniling fmin the St. Denys Kiver to the Road leading Ironj Port Hood to Wliykokaniah Basin, and containing abont .OO.OOO Acres, and that below, or to the Soutliward of the St. Dcnys, and extending to the Uoad leading from Hawksbury to St. George's Channel, and containnig about GO.OOO Acres, may be consiilered amongst the best. These Tracts are merely divideil by the River St. Denys, and the narrow Line of Settlements established on its Ranks. The Tract extending from the Sources of the Miray River to St. Peter's Bay, and lying between the Atlantic Ocean, and the Bras d'Or Lake, also contains from 50,000 to 80,000 Acres of Land, generally speaking, supposed tit for Settle. ment. The above make up but a small Proportion of the disposable Lands ; but I have quoted them as being better known and very generally spoken of aa good. The Lands on the Shores of the Bras d'Or Lake have nearly all beeo granted. On the 6th June, having obtained all the Information which could be required at and in the Neighbourhood of Sydney, I set out for St. Peter*« Bay, taking tiie Route by the Portage and Bras d'Or Lake. The total Distance is about Fifty Miles, Thirty-five of which were by means of thi» most beautiful of all Water Communications. At St. Peter's, I obtained much useful Information from the Reverend Mr. M'Leod, the Catholic Clergyman, See their State. and from Mr. Kavenagh, Membe>- of the Provincial Parliament, and one of the "^'""''' Appen." oldest and most respectable Inhabitants of Cape Breton. Page^bf ''*^' On the Evening of the 7th of June I again embarked on board the Chebuc- too, and on the 8th reached Arichat, a beautiful Harbour in L'Isle Madame, where I saw Mr. Luce, a Deputy Surveyor, who had been mentioned to me by Ciptain Crawley and others as particularly well q-alified to give accurate In. formation respecting the Lands in the Southern District, and as, moreover, possessing much general Information respecting the whole Island. Mr. Luce*$ See Appendix, D. Statements were decidedly favourable respecting the Lands, and his Opinions ^''•**' i'a«e57. equally so respecting Emigration. This Gentleman appeared to be quite Master of the Subject, and from his Zeal, Intelligence, and Experience, fully to deserve the favourable Mention I had frequently heaid made of him. On the Evening of the 9th I arrived at Guysborough in Nova Scotia, one of the most beautiful Places I ever saw, and where I had along Interview with Mr. Wentworth Taylor, the Deputy Surveyor for the County, wljose Infor- mation and Reports have already been referred to. On the 11th of June I returned to Halifax, where I received Mr. Bailey's Letter of the 11th of April, together with a Copy of the " Minutes of Evidence," to the SA of April, and the Second «• Report of the Emigration Committee," The Paragraph in the latter in Page 5, which states that the Committee had been informed that Preparations were actually made in Nova Scotia for the Rece[)tion of Emigrants at a very short Notice, appeared to me to refer so pointedly to the Arrangements I had been sent out to make, that I no longer felt justified in delaying to have the 300,000 Acres surveyed, aa directed in my Instructions. I therefore immediately wrote to Sir Howard Douglas, requesting his Excellency to give the necessary Directions to the Surveyor General of New Brunswick, for laying out, on the Tract marke.^. £., Six / IP ( xvi ) Six Townships, each to contain .000 Lots of 100 Acres ; ami tin thcr locom- meiuling that the Otler of Mr. Maclauclilan, for performing this Service, iniKh* be accepted. In exjjrcssiiig a Wish as to the Person to be employed in laying out the new Townships, I was actuated by tlie very low Terms contained in Mr. Maclauchlan's Proposal, the Advantage he would derive, if employed an Superintendent, by a previous Knowledge of the Nature and Quality of every Lot in the Settlement, and the Importance of having him on the Spot should Emigrants have been sent out in conformity with the Recommendation of the Committee. The detailed Plan of the new Townships herewith transmitted shews their exact Situation, the Courses of the numerous and beautiful llivers running through them, and their very short Distance from the Harbours of Shediac, Cocagne, and Richibuctoo, all of which are annually made use of to a considerable Kxtent by the Ships coming out for Timber. During the short Time I remained at the latter Place, upwards of Twenty Vessels arrived from England, their Passage averaging from Twenty to Twenty-fivc Days. The Plan also shews the Extent of the old Settlements with which the new Townships are surrounded, and the precise Direction in which the great Line of Comniiu nication between Nova Scotia and the Canadas will be opened j and a Reference to the Map of New Brunswick, already transmitted, will shew in how easy and connected a Manner these new Townships may be extended over Millions of Acres eligibly situated for Settlements, and consisting of Lands reported fit for Cultivation. I also forward herewith a Plan of the Lands surveyed by Mr. Smith on the right Bank of the Petecoudiac River, and extending towards the Bay of Fimdy. On the 15th June I had the Honour of sending you a brief Account of my Proceedings up to that Date, together with two Estimates, and the Offers and Details upon which they were formed, for sending out and sufficiently establishing Emigrants on their Lands ; one of these made the total Expence for a Family, consisting of a Man, a Woman, an Adult, and Two Children, amount to ^ G(),or i 13. ds. each Individual, the otherto .£56 the Family, or rfll.-l.?. for each Individual. I have had no Cause to alter the Opinions on which these Estimates were formed ; on the contrary, further Experience has still further confirmed them. On Sunday the 17th of June, I embarked on board His Majesty's Ship Alligator, for Quebec, where I arrived on tlie '.'Sth of the same Month. On the Evening of the 30th June, I left Quebec on my Way to Upper Canada, and on the 1st July waited on Lord Dalhousie at Sorel. On the Ith July I reached Perth in Upper Canada, where I remained several Days, during which I was constantly employed in obtaining Information as to the actual State of the Settle- ments. Many of my old Friends, of both Army and Navy, and other Inhabitants of the Place, were kind enough to accompany me in my Visits to the Farms of different Settlers. As far as I saw, or could obtain Information, all w&s Prosperili/, Happiness, and Content; and I was particularly gratified at finding that, sofar from the Assistance originally afforded being forgotten, it was invariably referred to, and grateftdlij achwxdedged. Amongst other Farms, I visited some on which the Settlers taken out by Mr. Robinson in ]8'23, were placed. I found the latter Settlers quiet, industrious, and contented, proceeding regularly in the clearing of their Lands, and already in Possession of Property not only suffi- cient to place them far beyond the Reach of Want, but to offer ample Security for the Repayment of any Sum that could have been expended in Appendix, F. No. J. establishinu them. The Ttventy-tivo Statements herewith transmitted seem to Pa«c 04. Se« Appendix, E. Page 59. ( xvi. ) nic to j)iit at rest all Doubts ruspectinj? the Capaliilitics of Settlors to make Kc|)ayment. The Trahv Jirst were taken liown witiioiit tiio least prcviou* Notice or Arrangement of any Sort or Kind, in the foiiiminj; Maniu'r ;— I went to the House of Mr. Morris, a Merdiant in IVrtii, ami Miinber of the Provincial Parliament for the Bathiirst District ; and as the Settlers came to iiii* Warehouse, v.liicii is adjoining, to purchase siidi Articles as they stood in need of, they were invited to an Interview, during wiiich I incjuireil as to the Period of their Locations, the Assistance they had receiveil, the Kxtent of their Clearings and Huihlings, the Amount of their Stock, and their Opinions, groiuided on tiieir own practical Experience, of a Settler's Capability to com. mcnce at the Knd o( Five Years to make Uepaymentof the Amount i \peuiled in sending him on*, mid establishing him on Lands. The Answers in some In. stances are in their own Writing; in others, they were taken ilown in l/ic rrn/ JVurtIs mniU' use ijl' III/ the ScHlcrs. Amongst the later .Statements will i)e (()uml one from Captain M'.Millan, of the late Glengary I'encibles, wlio has resided at the Settlements from their Conunencement ; and another from the Reverend Mr. Harris, the Protestant Clergyman of the Place ; but it is useless to trouble you with the Opinions of Individuals on a Point where all appeared so entirely to agree; and 1 can safely assure you, that in perusing the Statements alluded to, you may consider tliem as conveying the Opinions of the whole Settlement, Were any tiling finther howe\er recjuired to establish the Soundness of these Opinions, I would ofler to your Consideration the important ami corroborating Fact, that the Lanark .Settlers sent out in 1820 and l.SJl, and who received a Loan in Money from (jovernmcnt, under an Agreement to commence Repay, ment at the I'Apiration of Ten Years, have in very many Instances notified to Mr. .Shaw, the Clerk of the Lstablishment, their Anxiety and Capability to commence rci)aying at once, if Government would consent to take Produce delivered in Perth or Lanark in lieu of Money. I also enclose a Population Rcliirn, See Appemli*, F. and an aggregate Account of the rateable Property in the Hathurst District; No. J, l'iige7i, and when all these Documents are taken into Consideration, with the Recollec- tion that about Thirteen Years ago I visited this Part of the Country, passing through the Woods, (for not a Stick had been cut at the Time,) to seek for a Site on which to commence, and that the Town of J'erth has now Tluee hand- some Churches, a Gaol, snd Court House, and Trades of e\ery Description established in it, the Result may, I think, tend to satisfy even the most cau- tious, of the Benefits which may fairly be expected from a well-regulated .System of Emigration. Before I quit this Part of my Report it may not, perhaps, be amiss to state, that during the earlier Y'ears of these Settlements it was frequently urged as a strong Ground for objecting to the Expense attending their Fiutherance and Support, that the Moment the Settlers were put in Possession of their Patents, they would dispose of their Lands, and go over to the United States. I cannot express to you how much I was gratified at finding the Event diametri- cally in proof against these Forebodings of Evil. In some Instances, Alterations in Family Circun^' "'ces at Home, or Failure in mercantile Speculations on the Spot, may hu, ..iduced or compelled Individuals to part with their Lots; but whenever this has been the Case, and the Instances I repeat are few, the Purchasers have been from those belonging to the Settlement, and who at their first coming to it were not worth Five Shillings in the World, The Fact of having redeemed their Farms from the Wilderness, at the ?rice of their own Labour and Exertions, seems to enhance to the Settlers the Value of the Locations they possess, and so far from their inclining to quit the Q£J Settlement, i h J Settlement, tlic prevailing Wisli was to ol)taiii oioro I-aiul, tliat tliey miglit with more Safety exterul flu- Limits of their present Improvements. Many were prepared with the Means oi' purchasing, but I met with none who were inclined to sell. On the Morning of the lOtli July I reached York in Upper Canada, and on the 11th waited on Sir Peregrine Maitland at Niagara. There docs not appear See Mnjor llillicr'* to be any vacant Tract oC good Land remaining in Upper Canada, unless Ap|.emlix.K.No.3. Recourse siiould he had to remote Situations; but on tiiis and other Points l'atj»;7«' connected with Ivnigration, Sir Peregrine Maitland signified his Intention of writing to you iiimself. His Excellency, however, ajjpeared Cully aware of the Importance, and highly to approve of the opening atul settling the pro. posed new Line of Conununicatiou between Halifax and the Canailas. Sec oners in On the i4th .luly I got back to Montreal, where I remained a Day or two, Aiipcndi^.KNo I. fQojjt,j|„ Information from soiiie of the Jimt-rate mercantile Houses as to the Prices of Provisions and Trans])ort through the Canadas. On the lutli ot July I had the Honour of again waiting upon his Lordship the Governor-in-Chief, at Sorel, who enlirclj/ approved ot the Situation chosen for commencing on, and fully concurred in the Motives which have led to the Decision. For his Ai<|)en(Ilx,Ci.No.l. Lordship's Opinions, as to the Parts of Lower Canada best adapted for Settle- ''^*'*^' mcnt, I beg to refer you to the Communication herewith transmitted, and which his Lordship was good enough to Ibrward to me at Quebec. On the 17th I retiuncd to Quebec, and immediately put myself in Commii- nication with Mr. Uouchette, the Surveyor General of Lower Canada, respecting the vacant Lands throughout the Province, but more particularly concerning those which had been referred to by his Excellency the Ciovernor-iu-Chiet; Ap{»n(lii,O.No.2. The Reports, Plans, and other explanatory Documents furnished by Mr. Bou. chette, are so clear and comprehensive, that a Reference to them will at any time afford the fullest Information ; and I beg here to express my Acknow ledgments to Mr. Bouchette, for the Pains and Trouble lie took to supply me, not only with all I required, but with every thing he thought might in any way prove of Service ; as also to offer my Testimony to the extensive Information, excellent Arrangem.ents, and ready Assistance at all Times to be met with in \m Office. Having thus, as I hoped, obtained Information on all the various Points alluded to in my Instructions, I embarked at Quebec on tiic '^(ith Jidy, and budetl in England on the nth of September. Pige as. In the foregoing Account of my Proceedings I have merely pointed to the leading Features of my Inquiries} to have entered into minute Details vrould have exceeded the Limits of a Letter; but should Emigration be encouraged, I fee! confident in assuring you, there is scarcely any Point con- nected with the practical Part of it on which I am not prepared to afibrd every Information that can possibly be required. I have the Honour to be, &c. &c. (Signed) Francis Cockbuiin, Commissioner. Right Honourable Robert Wilmot Hortoii, &C. &C. &c. CONTENTS OF APPErDIX. NOVA SCOTIA. A. Nu. I. — Exlratl* from tlie Letter «nil Oeiieral Information Hook of C". Morri*. Evi . .Surveyor (iencral of Nova Scotia ; and fr.iin a Uhvt of J. Sprv Morris. Esii. AssiMant Surveyor (ifiiiral in ihe same Province. . . ' . , No.2. — to|.y of a Letter from I'eter Crerar, Deputy Land Surveyor, to John Son Morrn, Ks(|. . . . . . ^ '^ ' Return of (iranted Lands unsettled in the Distriet of Ficton In 1827, ' • I No. 3. — Letter from W. Taylor, i;»q., to the Honourable C. Morris. Lelter from \V. Taylor. Esq., to Lieutenant Colonel Coekhurii, No. 4. — Extract from ( olonel Cockbnin's (ieneral llemark Book, conlaiiiinir the Sute- nienl of Mr. Miller. ..... .... fp 31 •ii 27 29 33 NEW nilUNSWICK. B. No. L — Extract froni a Letter ad(lre.ite«^'^'-'"t />»"« by Warrant from Governm;nt that do iidt ppea. on the Plan, being of recent Date, and the lieturns and Plans not yet leached this Ofhce ; .and it is my Duty to remind you that a vast Proportion^of what appears on the Map to be Land, is so covered and cut up by large Lakes, Ponds, Swamps, and rocky Land, that it is utterly impossible, except in TrS'tl . any extensive Quantity of good Land in any one contiguous Tract that can admit of being laid out or subdivided in any regular Form :tziTyTc^:' ''''''' ''''"^ '^'^''' ^'°^'^^' ^^' p^^^'p^^'- ^-"'^ subs" Jibe ^°^^ ""'^ Endeavours may prove satisfactory, I have the Honour to Lt. Col. Cockburn. (Signed) A Charles Morris, S, General, NOVA SCOTtA. A|)|)L'nilii, A. No.l, I H i<: M t W NOVA SCOTIA. EX TKALITS from tlic uenerai ir irormatiop nooK OT i^. ivioi Appendix, A. Sun'eyor General of Nova Scotia. No.l. COUNTIE.S. 1. Halifax. fi. King's County 2. LiNENiirnc;. 7. Cumberland. 3. Queen's County. 8. Hants. 4. SiiEi.nunNE. 0. .Sydney. 5. Annapolis. 10. Cape Breton. DISTRICTS. PolCTOU. COLCIIESTEII. LowEU [ Districts n the County of Sydney. TOWNSHIPS. Halifax. Annapolis. Dartmouth. Granville. Preston. VVlLMOT. Lawrencftown. Aylsford. Truro. Cornwallis. Onslow. HORTON. Londonderry. Falmouth. Chester. Windsor. Lunenburg. Newport. New Dublin. Douglas. Liverpool. Kempt. Siielburne. St. Mary's. Barrington. Poictou. Argyle. Maxwelton. Pubnico. Egehton. Yarmouth. Wallace. New Edinburgh. Guysborouoii. DiOBY. Manchester. Clements. PARRSIionOUGH. i! COUNTY of HALIFAX. The County of Halifax is bounded on the West by the County of Lunen- burg, on the North by the County of Hants, on the East by the Township of St. Mary's, and Northerly by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and County of Cum- berland, and on the South by the Atlantic Ocean. Part of this County was subdivided (during the Administration of the late Governor, Sir John AV'entworth,) into Tno Districts; the one called the Dis- trict of Poictou, the other the District of Colchester. This Division was made at the Desire of and for the local Convenience of the Inhabitants of each, and has proved useful to the Inhabitants. I TOWNSHIP of HALIFAX. The Township of Halifax is terminated by a right Line drawn from the Head of St. Margaret's Bay to the Confluence of Sackville River with Bedford Basin. The Town of Halifax is situated on one of the best Harbours in America, of easy Access and great Capacity ; the Channel deep enough for Ships of the largest Burthen. Five humlred Sail of Ships and Square-rigged Vessels have anchored belbre the Town, within George's Island, and ample Room for as many more. The Town is situate on the West Side of the Harbour, on the Declivity of a Hill 240 Feel above the Level of the Sea; its North Suburbs called Irish Town, and South Suburbs called Irish Town, with Halifax, contain Ten thou- 4 sand l\ ( a ) «ind IiihiilMtant:.. Thou- mam Support .lepeiuls on the (iarrison, Military and Niival Lsfabhshments, ami the Civil Officers of His Majesty's (Jovernment 1 lie Country about Halifax, for upwards of Fifteen Miles to the Westward IS composed of high, broken, rocky Land, interspersed with a few Spots and Ridges of tolerable gooil Land, the Remainder incapable of Cultivation, but at a very enormous Expence, as has in many Instances been i)r(.ved. The Town was settled in lyW; and in 1750, (ieneral Cornwallis. then (Jovernor. ordered tlie 1 eninsula on which the Town is situated, containing .'3,(XH) Acres to be divided into Lots of Five Acres each among the Inhabitants, exclusive of -i Common containing Twenty-fbiir Acres in the Rear of the Town, which wis granted in Trust in Terpetuity for its Object ; and to encourage the Settlement of which I-.ve Acre Lots, an Excise Duty was laid on all S,.irituo,N Li.n.ors consumed in the Province, out of which a Rounty was paid, at the Rate of Iwenty Shillings for every Acre of Ground fenced and cleared of the Woods Ihe Inhabitants, excited by this Boon, cleared and inclosed by Wood I'eiice about Two hundred Lots, containing One thousand Acres, and sowed them With Grass Seed ; but the Land in general being covered with Moss which becoming dry when the Trees were removed and' exposed to the Sun' was set on I- ire, which raged with extreme Violence, destroyed all the wooden' Fences, and discovered that the Soil in general was sterile and covered with Mones, and so unfavourable for Agriculture, that all further Attempts of Cultivators were suspended for many Years, except by a few opulent ?.fen. wlio expended large Sums in fruitless Attempts to reclaim the Soil Governor Cornwallis, finding the Inhabitants of Halifiix were obliged lo purchase and import all their Hay from the State of Massachusetts at enormous Frices, procured an Act of the Assembly fbr granting a IJounty for the erecting of Stone Wall Inclosiires (the Timber being consumed by the Fire) and also a Bounty on every Hundred Weight of English Hay raised within the 1 eninsula of Hahfiix. By this Encouragement further Attempts were made ; and about Twenty Acres, at an Expence of Ninety Dollars per Acre were inclosed in the Year 17(i'2 ; and by removing the Stones, levelling the Soil and covering it thick with Stable Manure, it yielded tolerable Crcms of iing ish Hay. Since that iViiod the Revolution in America has contributed much to the Improvement of the Town and Peninsula, by introduciiiart consists of improvable Lands of a rich 5)01 , in general tree Irom Stone, and contains upwards of l.,50U Acres of Marsli and Meadow, .»'.i« The natural Growth of the Uplan.l is Spruce, Mr, Hemlock-, I'ines. Beccli. Birch. iMaple, and Ash. with stmie Oak and Elm. "cci-n, between Tides'"'' '''"" ^'""^ ^'""■'^" "" ^''""•"'^'* *'"»'' '^"'I'^y Tor Three Hours . .'A"''^:,"'-'!'" lioad llom Halifax to Poictou and Cumberland i.asses tlirou^Ii this vjliaye. ° NOVA SCOII.%. A|>)ieii(li>, A> .No. 1. TOW NSHIl» of ONSLOW. The Township of Onslow is situate on tlie North Side of ('ol)e(Jiiiil Kay. am near its Head, This Settlement commenced in the Year I'^.'jQ. Ihe Inhabitants, which tiien cfinsisted of I-'ifty-two Families, were conveviNl here at the public ICxpence, They arrive.! the latter Kml of .May, and ini. mediately set to work to raise Corn and IJoots, such as Potatoes, Carrots. 1 urnii.s, and Cabbage, tor their Subsistence ; but a severe Drought, and, after that an early Frost, destroyed the Corn, They, however, succeeded in raisin.' thehrst Season a suthcient Suj)ply of Vegetables, and to cut Hay enough for tneir ^tock ; and Government, to prevent their sutlenng lor Want of Provisions, humanely lent them SOD IJushels of Corn, This Settlement has progressed in Cultivation, Improvement, and Population, and tile Inhabitants m oeueral are in a comfortable Way of LiviiK'. It cotitains^ about I.IUU Acres of Jlarsh and Meadow Lands, "and wa» laid out tor 1,50 Families. The Soil of the Ui)land is rich and free from Stone, as far back as ilie IMountains; some Parts of which are stony and rocky. The Country near the Shore has fhrmerly sutlered by Fires. Ihe present Trees are of a small Growth, and easily cleari'd. The natural tiiowth ot the Woods on the Uplands the same as Truro. TOWNSHIP of LONDONDKKIIY. This Township was settled by Alexander M'Nutt and Associates, an cntfm- siastic Adventurer from the North of Irelaml. wiio was so liberally encouraMed l)y Government m the Allotment of Land, that 1 ,000.000 of Acres were granted to hun and bis Associates, in Situations of their own Selection. Its Settlement commenced in the Year 17G3. It contains y,Ot)() Acres of Marsh, and the Upland is in a good State of Cultivation. The original Inha- bitants came here with .M'Nutt from the North of Ireland. The (irowth of the Woods the same as Truro. The Lamls Horn Icbucto Plead, going westerly to St. >Largarct's Bay, are, except in a (ew Spots, covered with llocks ; the Shore iron-bound; and not a 1 ree to be seen for many Miles, It was h)rmerly covered with aGiowth of Spruce, Hemlock, and an Inlcrmixtiiie of Birch and Beech Trees; but the Fires getting mto the \\oodsin a dry Season of the Year, raged with great Fury, ami, pro. pelled bythe Uinds, sjjicad with Devastation over almost the whole Town- ship of Halifax, and consumed an immense Quantity of Forest of Wood and limuer, to the great Injury of its Inhabitants. Ihe Harbours and Coves on this llange of Coast are conveniently situated lor the Cotl and Mackarel Fishery, At Herring Cove, the first fishing Place to the Westward of this Harbour, Iwenty Families are settled; between tiiat Place and Catch Harbour, Sixteen ^amihes, whose chief Employment is in supplying the Market at Halifiix with I'lsh, At Catch Harbour there arc Eighteen Families settled, vlio follow the Boat Fishery. At Sambro, which is the next Harbour to the Westward, there are Twelve families settled ; at Pendant, the next Harbour, Three Families j at Lower and 15 Upper r ( 6 > Appendix, A. No. 1. NOVA scoTM. Upper Prospect, ami Molliiieaiix Baron, Forty Families; at Dover, Iiulian Harbour, aiul the intervening Coast betwe^iu Prospect and Margaret's Bay, there are Seven Families settled. All these People subsist by the Cod and Mackarel Fishery solely, the Land being incapable of Cultivation, except in a few Instances where there are small Pieces of Land used for raising a moderate Supply of Cabbage and Potatoes. riiesc hardy Fishermen raise a Number of Hogs, ■wlu'ch they feed on the Offal of their Fish through the Summer, and in the Fall fatten with Potatoes, for Winter Use. Of their Delicacy or Flavour nothing can be said ; yet such ix the Force of Habit among these rugged People, they feast on this Pork as a great Luxury. St. MARGARET'S BAY. II. This beautifid Sheet of Water is of great Capacity, about One Mile and a Half wide at its Entrance; but within is Four Leagues deep, and nearly Two Leagues in Width j has many Harbours, Coves, and Lslands, which afford Shelter for Ships of the greatest Burden, and couvenient Situations for fisliing or farming. The Lands, for the Distance of about Three Quarters of a Mile from the Shore on the East Side, are well clothed with Birch, Beech, Hemlock, and other Timber of the Fir Kind. The Soil is wary stony, yet fertile, producing Vegetables of all Kinds, Rye, Barley, and Oats, in perfection. There are several Streams which lidl into this Bay, which abound with Clas- pereau. Trout, and Salmon, and afford Situations for Saw and Grist Mills. All the Lands on this Bay, capable of Cultivation, having, on the early Settle- nient of the Province, been granted to sundry Individuals, who engrossed them on Speculation, and were not disposed to sell or lease them but on exor- bitant Terms ; hence they remained in a State of Nature until the Year 1783 (except in Two Instances, of a Man by the Name of Ingraham, formerly a Serjeant in the Regiment of that Day called Warburton's, and a Fisherman by the Name of Walden Corney), when the late Governor Parr, in a Tour to Lunenburg, encouraged some of the French, Descendants of the Hugonots, who had suffered Persecution in France, and some German Families, to remove to this Settlement, where they have, by a regular Course of persevering In. dustry, become possessed of considerable Property, and live in Condbrt. There are about Sixty Families settled in this Bay, who send a considerable Supply of Wood and Vegetables to the Market of Halifiix. i TOWNSHIP of CHESTER. The next Land to the Westward is the Township of Chester. This Town- ship was erected, and its Settlement commenced, in the Year l^^\0, when Thirty Families, amounting to 148 Persons of both Sexes, emigra'ced from New England, with their Stock of Cattle, and seated themselves in Ihis Place. This Township is situated at the Bottom of Mahone Bay ; il, has a Number of Islands annexed to it, some of which help to form its verj' snug, connno- dious Harbour. The Lands in this Township, where the Fires have raged, are in general covered with an inferior Growth of Spruce and Fir, and afford some good Situations for farming ; and the Islands are found of much Convenience for the keeping and raising of Sheep. The Town is well situated for the Fishery and West India Trade, and from Its Proximity to the Settlement of Windsor, Falmouth, and the interior Country on the Basin of Mines. There can be little Doubt that when the main Road of Communication is ""Foved between Chester and Windsor, as the Distance is oidy Twenty-eight Miles, Stock and Cattle of all Kinds may with Ease be procured, and shipped from this Port to the West Indies ; and Vessels may be employed to Advantage m the Cod Fishery on Quereau, Isle of Sable, and Grand Bank of Newfound- r"i! ' -^'.'^^ ''^"^^ ^ ^^ '^°"''' "^'"^^^ i'^'^ "*^ ^'''^ American Phrase) Three Fairs of I'lsh with greater Ease and less Time than the Americans can make Two from the United States. 4 Its #;. 11 in Its ( 7 ) Its piincipaJ Rivers are Middle River and GoH Hiver, wliich artbrj Sitiia. tions tor aawand drist Mills. In the Yea." I78I, many Families of Loyalists settled in this Town, who, bemg Ignorant ot I-armmg Business, expended their Money in Buildings and unprofitable Pursuits. Discouraged and disappointed in their Views, inost of tliem abandoned the Settlement and returned to the States, Their Land* have since been purchased by People acquainted with l-'arming Business, whu live comfortably by well-ilirect..! Industry in the Improvement of tluir ^''" \..-f. ^ present Population is 1,50 Families :— Two iiaw WilU and One Orist Mill. TOWNSHIP of UINENBUKG. TTie Township of Lunenburg is bounded on the East by Mahone Bav, South by the Ocean, on the West by the Harbour and Uiver of Lehave. 'This in general is a Tract of gooil arable Land (except tiiat Part which lies between Iveliave Uiver and Lunenburg, which is barren and stony}, well covered with Birch, Beech, Spruce, Fir, Hemlock, Oak, and Pine. This Township commenced its Settlement in the Year J7.5,'3, by the Dutch and Uermans, who were transported into this Colony the Two preceding Years f t fr.^l^^'l'^'^ °^ Government. They consisted of 400 Families, amounting to 1,500 Souls. " These Settlers were supplied with Materials for building Houses, and i A 3 NOVA SCOTIA. A|)|ieiidix, A. No. 1. ( « ) The Lamls honloring on Lehave River ami Harbour are stony and moim- tuinous. . „. , ^, „, , ,,. , ft aboiituls with a large Growtli o( Hemlock, limber, Spruce, IJlack Hirch, nocci) Oak and Pines. Many Ships and Square-rigged Vessels have l)eeil loaded'withLnmhcr and Ship 'riml)er for the Ikitish Market. It aboimds with Siiip Timber (such is IJirch, Spruce Ivnee:^, Wank of Oak and I'mc, lop- masts, Studding Sail Booms, Oar llaitcrs, Capstan Ikus, Hand Pikes ot Ash) in considerable Quantities. In the western Part of tiio Township in the llcarol l.ehavc, and aliout tctite Uivierc, which lies Five Miles to the Westward, tlie Lands areola better Quality, ami on that River are some neat Farms under high Tillage. About the Entrance and outer Harbmir of I.ehavc arc Islands conveniently situated for the curing and drying of Cod Fisii. The outer Harbour lies open to the Sea, .ind is full of Shoals'; but the River is an excellent Harbour, having hight Fathoms Water at its Entrance, (iW'tQv passing tiie IJar, on wliicii is 1 welve Fcetat low Water,) and gradual Soundings to Three Fathoms at Nine Miles. and navigable for Sloops and smaller Vessels to the Falls of the River, whicli are Twelve Miles from its Entrance. On the West Side of the Entrance ot this River the Remains of an ancient French Fort are yet to be seen, which was erected in 17-32, and which is described by Charlevoix, in his '« Histoire et Description generale de la Nouvelle France." On Lehavc and Petite Riviere 150 Families are settled, chiefly German: those at Petite Riviere are from the North of Ireland. Here are Five good Saw Mills and Three Grist Mills, a good Alewive Fishery, and several Schooners and Vessels employed in the carrying of Wood, Lumber, and Produce to the Market at Halifax. There has lately a Road been traced and cut out from Annapolis to Leliave and Lunenburg, which, if rendered passable and improved, will encourage the Settlement of the Interior. TOWNSHIP of LIVERPOOL. Live commence erpool is the next Township to the Westward of New Dublin. This Town L-nccd in the Year 17fiO, and in the Year I762 its Inhabitants amounted to Ninety Families, consisting of 501' Persons', who were all settleil at Port Seignor, and subsisted chiefly by the Fishery and Lumber Trade. They had then built Seventy Houses, employed Seventeen Schooners in the Fishery, made great Quantities of Shingles, Clapboards, and Staves, and erected One Saw Mill. , , ... Since that Period tliey have much increased in Population, and have built a great Number of IJrigautines, and other Square-rigged Vessels, Schooners, aiul Shallops, ami possess 1111 acti\e, enterprising Siil'it f<>r Commerce and every Branch of domestic luduslry. This Town has much increased in IJuildings and Wharfs, which liirm a neat, cheerful, and respectable Appearance; and the new Bridge across the River in Front of the Town ailds greatly to its t^oiive. nience and Respectability. 'I'licre arc now Two good Saw Mills at the Falls cf this River, about Two Miles above the Town; One at Herring Cove, opposite the lower End of the Town ; Three at Port Metway alias Medway, where Fifty Families arc settleil, who follow the Fishery and Lumber Trade, and, with Li\erp()ol, aHbrd a cou>ideral)lc Supjily for the West India Markets. This Township compieiieiids the Lands along the Coast from Port iSIetway, Four Miles West of the Harbour of Liverfiool alias Port Seignor. The Harbour of Liverpool is barred having but Nine Feet at low Water, but is perfectly secure within the Bar, with' good Anchorage in Three Fathoms A\^ater. The Land bordering on tlie Sea Coast, and indeed throughout the Township, affords but Iklle for tlie Scythe or the Sickle, and j)arlicularly on the Sea Coast ; being in general an Assemblage of rocky Substances, with a few intervening Sjiots for Pasture or Gardens; but is conveniently adapted for the curing ami drying of Fish, and grows all the necessary Wooil and Materials for the erecting of Flakes and Stages for Boats, which are requisite for the. Fishery. A Road was cut out from Annapolis to Liverpool in the Year 1801<, on which a Number of Families are settled, and since that Period other Roads have ( 9 ) have l)cen opciieil, ami Sottlenicnts formi'il, in the Rear of tliis Towiisliip, nova scotia. vhicli nie iiicieasiiii; in Numbers and Cultivation ; tlieir Names are Kempt, Cuieilonia, Fleasaut llivcr, Uanuon/. Appendix, A> No. », TOWNSHIP of SHELBITIINE. Slielbiinie Townsliip comprehends all the Land on tlie Sea Coast from the Head of Port Hebert to the Clyde River, and the East Hounds of Barrin},'ton. Roseway (or Sheiburne Harbour) is tlie cliief Port — is spacious, atlonhnj^ safe Siielter for Siiips of tlic larj^est Iknden, secure from all Winds. All the Lands about the Harbour, to tlie Amount of 1(K),U00 Acres, were granted in the Year lyGt to Alexander M'Nutt and his Associates, who settled a few Families near the Western Entrance of the Harbour, and liimself on the Island at its Entrance, called Rosaway Island, when some little Improvements were made, these People being chiefly engaged in the Fishery. After a Lapse of Twenty Years, and at the Close of the late Revolutionary War in America, many Thousand Loyalists emigrated to this Port, and, fascinated by its spacious and excellent Harbour, conunenced the forming of the Town of Sheiburne, which is situated on the Eastern Side, and near the Head of the Harbour. The Magnitude of the Town, the Numbers of People who expended their Fortunes in building large and expensive Houses in it, without Object and without Consideration, to an immense Amoimt, led to all the Distresses and Embarrassments which in a few Years involved and discouraged the Inha- bitants, most of whom have returned to (he States, or settled in other Parts of the Province. In 17>S1, its Population exceeded Twelve thousand Inhabitants, but at present there are not more than Two hundred Families living in the Town or its Environs. The Lands in general, near and about the Shores of this Township, and many Parts of the Interior, are rocky and sterile; and its Inhabitants met with many Discouragements by the Capture of most of their Vessels (which were em])loved in the West India Trade) by French Privateers, and the Garrison and Naval Force being witlulrawn from the Settlement, which while with them contributed much to their Support and Encoin-agement (as well as Protection) by receiving Supplies and Produce, and paying them liberally in Cash— tliese Discouragements, and the many Reservations which were then made round the Shores of the Harbour for Military and Naval Purposes, after the People had settled on them, had a serious Tendency to check their Endeavours, by breaking and disconnecting the Chain of Settlements forming round its Shores, It however nuist in Truth and Candour be acknowledged, that very many of these ill-fated Settlers were not calculated for Farmers or Fishermen. They had been brought up in different Habits, and accumulated vheir Property by other Means ; and in the Phrenzy of delusive Enthusiasm, vvhich no Argument or Persuasion could overcome, that a great and splendid Town, with spacious Streets and commodious Buildings, built on a Harbour of unrivalled Excellence, would attract the Notice of enterprising Strangers, and soon become the Emporiiun of Nova Scotia — very many among these infatuateil People were fiilly impressed with the Relief tliat the Naval Establishment and Scat of the Government v aid be removed to this New Jerusalem, as it had been emphatically styled by the original Proprietors j ami all the persuasive Arguments of the late Surveyor General to divert them fiom this Infatuation were unavailing. He had tn-ged Mr. Watson, the Conunissary (Jencral of the Day, to encourage to the utmost tliese persecuted loyal People, previous to and at the Time of their Emigration, to proceed to Guysborough, and spread themselves from thence along the North-western Shores of the Pro* ince towards Poictou, which was a good Country for farming, and fiom its Contiguity to the fishing Ranks of Newfoundland, Isle Sable, and Shore Fishery, was equally advantageous for the Fishery. In traversing the Streets of Sheiburne, it is quite impossible to repress the Regret that so much Wealth should have been thrown away by these loyal Adventurers, who had made this their Place of Refuge and Asylum. Most happy and fortunate indeed it woulil have been for them all, if their Attention could have been directed to more eligible Situations, or other Objects; since if C the i Ih NOVA SCOTM. Appc-ndix, A. No. 1. ( i» ) tl,e Wealth tl.ey l.rought sviil. tl.em had been >'''i^'"''fy/J,i;j";;*-'t ''^^^^^^ nmnlv sufficient to liave punliased the most valiiiible I'uims '" i>o^a SSiafbr the Acclmoaatiiu of them all, being little short of One M.lhon *^1't'"if however, by no Means imi.rol.ablc, that at some future Da) the Wharfs' Stores, and Situations this Town allords, n.ay eneouraRe some Mer. Chan of api al to tit out Vessels in the I5uuk and Whale Fishery, and he E or Forest Lands are ope.ied by Roads oi' internal C'ommumcafon-tlu. depressed Se dement may Jxperience a favourable thanf.e. and r.se to some D^ree of Importance. ^Its 'narbour is considered interior to none nr the World for Capacity and Security. ., i i i . ;♦. Vntr-inrP The Lishthouse which has been erected on the Island at its Entiance. calle^lSway Island, is a very conspicuous Object to Ships from the Offing in making this Port, or passing along the Coast. , u.u.n n-israoA The other Harbours in this Township, viz., Little Port Hebe t Ragged Island Harbour. Oreen's River, Cape Negro I arbour, are Ports oH' e Note , the Lands about them near the Coast of little Value, being very ••'-'^y ';"^» barren, and not more than Forty Families settled in them all .".ho c ncfly subsist by the Fishery, except the Settlers on the Clyde River, which tails mta Cape Negro Harbour, wno subsist by farming. A^ofc.— At the Head of the Clyde, above its Forks, some valuable Lands have been recently discovered, but will require lime, am Roads of Communication, to render ihem accessible and ot Consequence. TOWNSHIP of BARRINGTON. This Township contains 100,000 Acres, and comprehends the Island called Cape Sable, where is a Harbour called by that Name, on winch were settled Twelve French Families, who had cleared about ','00 Acres of i.ano. Iheir principal Subsistence was from the Cod Fishery, and Fur Trade with the Indians. „ , ^t ^ i The Lands in this Township are very stony, of the same Nature and Qualitv as Liverpool, with the same natural Growth, except Cape Sable Island (which' is Four Miles in Length and Two in IJreadth) ; ot low Lund, the Soil sandy and barren. ^ , , i .• n The Harbour is saf-i and convenient for Fishmg Schooners, and other .small Vl'ssgIs ThisTownship was granted, in the Year 17fiO, to 200 Proprietors; the most Part of them Fishermen from Cape Cod, Plymouth, and tiie Island ot Nan- tucket, in New Eni'land. They commenced their Settlement in the \ear 17o2, and laid out the Town or Village of Barringtoii with Sixty Families which were followed by 100 more in the Summer of i7G;3, wich their I'lslung Vessels. There v re but few Farmers among them. In the Year 1784, some respectable Loyalists sat down in this Settlement, and by their Exertions the Settlement has in some Degree been encreased and improved ; but from the Sterdity ot its Soil, and its broken Surface, it can never be a Town of Importance. ill TOWNSHIP of ARGYLE. The next Township West of Harrington is the Township of Argyle, which was erected in the Year 177L It commences at the First Falls of Cape Negro River, at the Boundary oC Harrington, thence running North 38" 15', West by the Compass, on the Township called New Jerusalem and ungranted Land, Twenty-six Miles, or until it meets the Tusket River, being the South-eastern Bounds of Yarmouth j thence along the Boundary of Yarmouth until it meets the Sea Coast ; thence to be bounded southerly and westerly by the several Courses or Windings of the Sea Coast, until it comes to the South-western Bound of Harrington ; and bounded on the North-west by the Boundary Line of Barrington, to the beginning Bound above described ; including all the Islands in liont, and 10 within I ( It ) within tlic Limits of tlie said Towiisliip of Aij»ytu ; coutiiiiiiiii,' in tlio Wlioli! I'JO.OtK) Acres. Its j)iinfi|);il IIarl)oiirs are Piibnico. <'()r(|iii\vit, Al)iii)tic} and amoni,^ the Isianils arc sale conniiodKnis Anchoraires liir Vessels ot' any Uiirclen. 'I'he Laiiiis in this Township atl'onl many goiul Situations H)r larniinj;, with consiilerable Quantities of Marsh; particiilarly at I'ubniin, Ahnptic, the Tnsket Uiver, and the Harbour of Coapiiwit. 'j'he hitter is only a .Shaih)|i Harbour; it hes within the IsLinds caHed tiie Wolf Ishimis, and is the next Harbour West of Harrington ; it was hiid out tor the Aeconunodation of Twenty Famihes uf disbanded Sokliers, the Uen)ainder Loyahsts, with Two or Three ohl Settlers tioni the States. Tiie Settlers were indigent when they connnenced the Settlement, but arc getting comJbrtable l-'iirms, and increasing their S'ock of Cattle. KOVA .SCOTIA. Al No. I. 11 PUBNICO, The next Harbour to the Westward of Coccpuwit is |»nl)nico, wliicFi in chieHy settled by the French Accadians, who were permitted to lemaiu in this Country alter its Conrpiest. These People are hospitable, temperate, and industrious, and are in general comfortably settled, and remarked for their ])eaceable and subordinate Temj)ers. There are several valuable Islands in fiont of this Tow iishi)), which are conve. iiienlly situated tor the JMshery and for supporting Flocks of Sheep. Al the Head of Abiiptic Harbour there are some good I'arms ; the chief of the Settlem are from the United .States, except the Accadians, of which there are about 100 settled in this Township, and the same Number of Feople who came liom the United States anterior to the Revolutionary War in America. Since 1783, some of the Loyalists have settlcil among them. They liave Boats and Schooners employed in the Fishery, but their main Dependence is in farming. There is a Settlement in ttii.s Township at a Place called the Kel Brook, wliere upwards of Thirty Families are collected, who tor many Years, with the Indians, derived their chief Su|)port from tlie immense Quantity of Eels which are here taken throughout t le Year. The French and Indians bug contended for the exclusive Privilege of taking these Eels, and nnich Noise anil Complaint lias been maile to (iovernment from the contending Parties, until tlie Province Laws for regulating the Fisheries throughout the Province were carried into EH'ect. il '»f' TOWNSHIP of YARMOUTH. This Township was granted the 7th April I7G7, in 1.50 Sliares or Rights of C(J6 Acres each, to Settlers from Massachusetts, Its Boundaries are described as ibllows : — beginning at tlie Stony Beacli oti the North Side the Harbour of Cape Fourchu, and running Northward, mea- suring on the Sea Beach !J50 Clis,, then to run into the Country North (!;.), I'^ast 1,230 Chs., thence South 21 Chs,, until it strikes the Tusket River, and to commence again at the beginning Boundary, and to run ahjiig the Sea Coast Southerly to Little River, and to be bounded by said River as fiu" as the Tiile W'ater flows; then to run North 66 ('hs.. until it meets the Lands laid out to Montagu Wilmot and others, and to Le uounded by the Courses of said Lands until it comes to the Tusket River, and to be bounded by said River Tusket until it meets the Northern Boundary first described ; reserving for the Fishery all the Lands lying on the Harbour of Cape Fourchu, and on tiie Harbour of Jebogue; to extend 300 Feet back iiom High Water Mark ; also 'I'en Acres of Land on the North Point of the Entrance into Cai)e Fouichu Harbour for a Fort or Battery. A Part of the Shares of this Township, situate on the l^nsteru Branch of the Tusket River, having remained derelict and without Cultivation, on the Arrival of the Loyalists, in the Years 1^83 and 17St, many of tliem settled on this deserted Land, which was confirmed to them by (irant. The Inhabitants of Yarmouth are in general a tluiviiig industrious Peo])le, actively employed in Agriculture and Fishery. They emjjloy upwards of Sixty Sail of \'essels in these Branches of Industry. They have some good Saw and Grist Mills, and are making rapid Improvement iu Cultivation, and dikeing and IJ 'h li ( I .) i, It was settled in the Year 1784, duriiij? the Atlmiiiistratiim of ihe late (Jovernoi- I'air, hy liiyal Emigrants, ilisbaiuleil Hessians, and Negroes, amounting in the whole to •Rf; (irantees. I he (iernians in general have jiroved industrious Farmers, and are making good Improvements ; and the Land throughout the Township, although hillv and undulating, is of a gene- rous Soil, and tiie Inhabitants will in ii short Time, li_v their eontinneil Clourse of j)ersevering Industry, heiome npulcnl. Those settled on the Shore of tin- llasin take great Quantities of Herrings, Alewives, and Shad, hv erecting Weirs on the Flats, whieli becoming dry at Low Water, these I'isli become enclosed. The main Koad fioni Annapolis to Digby pusses through this Township. TOWNSHIP of ANNAPOLIS. The Town is by far the oldest English Settlement in Nova Scotia. The French had (()rmed Settlements on this Uiver, aliureil by its inviting Situation, possessing many natural Advantages, opening an extensive Kange of Country, and between Mountains running parallel with each other the l)is. tance of Ninety-six Miles, the one called the North Mountain, extending from Cape IJIow-me-down to the (Jut of Aimapolis, the otiier, called the South Mountain, extending to Allan's Creek, near the Western ISoundary of Anna, polis Township. All the J'oints which form the various Windings of this pleasant River being /ormed of rich Meadow, increasing in Hreadth as ytui approach the Town, und the Mountains covered with a(iniwth of valuable Wood and Timiier of every Kind natural to the Country ; its Soil exuberant, and yielding good Cro|)s of Wheat and Grain, and good Orchards for Apples, Pears, and Fruits; and the Town of easy Access from the Sea ; and the I'iiles Howing Eighteen Feet, favouring the Navigation in and out of the liasin ; ami its Rivers and Waters abounding in .Salmon, and Fish of ditferent Kinds, and particularly of the Herring and Shad, in great Abundance ; naturally rendered this Spot an eligible Situation t(( f()rm a Settlement. In the Year 1720, this Town and (Jarrison being then in Possession of the English, on the y.'jth April of that Year, Richard Phillips, Esq., its then (lo. vernor (who was also Governor of Placentia, in Newfoundland), made choice of the under-mentioned Persons as Members of His Majesty's Council for this Province, anil they were on that Day summoned to attend his Excellency, at his House in the Garrison of Annapolis Royal, and they met accordingly. Present : His Excellt. / the Governor General, and the Lieutenant Govehnob. Major Lawiienci; Armstrong, Major Paul Mascarene, The Rev. Jon\ Harrison, CiTRIAN SoUrilACK, Arthuh Savage, HiiiUERT Newton, William Skene, William SheuifJ'-, Peter Rondie, were sworn in by his Excelleney, as appears by the Records of Council of that Date. The first Object of their Consideration and Determination was the building of a public Magazine or Depot for the Reception of tlie Grain raised in the Pro- vince for the Supply of the Garrison and Inhabitants in Time of Want, and to require the Frencli Settlers on the River to take the Oaths of Allegiance to His Majesty, although it is an established Fact, that Annaj)olis was settled in the Reign of Queen Anne, and that the French Inhabitants, who were at that Time found settled on that River, took and subscribed the ».)aths of Alle- giance and Supremacy to that Queen (during the Administration of Sir Charles Holby, when Lieutenant Governor of the Province, and residing in that Garrison) ; yet the only Records of the Proceeding in the Civil Go\ eminent, 1 have yet been able to trace, go no furtiicr back than the Y'car 1720. The Council D Books, NOV.* SCOTIA, A|i|ien(lii. A. No. I. II ,M M n ■': Apiiciiiliii, A. No. I. ( l^ ) It ^1.1 rnnf-iininc» the I'locceiliiiL's of (iovemmcnt from that I'eriod, are in tlie .ovAjcoTU. ^^^^ . V Sce'ana us a Refercu-e to tlu-n, will art or. a cor. r. fkiul .N'miec-ainKH t.» I la- Time of tiu' Introihut.o.. ..I I'rotostant Skrs u tie K^nerahcxpuis.-.n of ti.e French, I shall for the present ; y^^^mS L theTownslI,. was, ranted, in the Year 17;i^-al7;;^ ^ J Number of Fan.ilies, who were encoura-ed ..come mto t ns hovi. ce horn the United States, to the Number of '200 Souls. havmK^ as I before obse.ved choice Situations for farnm-g. They have made great I.nproven.ents. and many of them hfive become substantial I'armers, Tl.cdround ..n which the Fort is built contams Twenty-e.ght Acres. Fhree Quarters, and Nine llods. It is bounded in 1-mnt by the Annupohs River; o^, the North by the main Road leading from the lown t'> "''''''7; ,/' ' '"'^ Kast by the (Jroun.l on which the County Court House stands, and the mam Road leading to Digby ; and on the Soutli by Allan s River, , ,p . The 4rden called the Ciovernor's Ciarden. containing C)ne Acre and Twon y- two Rods, being immediately opposite the Entrance of the I'ort. the l-ie .1, called the White House Field, adjoins it, contains wclve Acres and >I"'^- j;" '';;• It was granted on the 8th of\Iune IT'i^J. "> Irust to the Hon. R. IJukeey. tiien Secretarv of the I'rovince. and T. Newton. Ks(i.. for the Use of Fortih- cations. or t.i whatever Use His Majesty or His Successors shall duect and "'^tjiJon' enquiring, it appears that this Field has been claimed by a Captain Ald- ridge. who formerly lived an Annapolis, ami that in the Year 1785 he obtained sonie Authority to occupy it, which, howe\ er, cannot divest the Crowii of its Richt, whenever it may become expedient to resume it. 1 he Field, called the Exercise Ground, lies about MO Yards from the Fort on the South or Left Side of the Road going from Halifax to Annapolis. i«^ TOWNSHIP of GRANVILLE. The Township of Granville is situated on the North Side of the River and Basin of Annapolis, and is bounded as follows :— Beginning at the Gut of Annapolis on the Eastern Side, and is l)ounded southerly by the Basin and River of Annapolis, and extends 'lom the said Gut up the River, including the Farm in the Occupation of Henry Miinroe, and measuring on a right Line Twenty-eight Miles, and from the Eastern Boundaries of said Farm to run North North-west by the Magnet, until it meets the Bay of Fundy ; thence bounded by the Bay of Fuudy ; and com- prebends all the Land westward of said Line to the Gut of A luiapolis. This Township was granted, in I7G4., to a Number of Families, who were encouraged to come from the States, amounting to (ifiO Souls (and 158 Pro- In the' internal Division of their Lots, they appear to have lefl 9(i2 Acres of Land, lying between tlieGut of Anaapolis and the Farm Lot of George Harvey, undivided, subject to their further Disposal. On this Land a Farmer, by the Name of Johnston, has settled, made great Improvements, and cleared Fifty-seven Acres of Land. It appears he was encouraged to sit down here by the Proprietors. Apph- cations have been made for this Land by Mr. Fowler of Annapolis, by a Col. .lanning, a Loyalist, and by Mr. .Johnston. Upon a View of the Situation and Ciicuinstances attending it, it certainly must be considered as a Part of the Township of Granville, and the Inhabitants are in the Habit of erecting Huts, and carrying on the Fishery round its Shores, it being very conveniently situ- ated for the Fishery ; but from its not having been subdivided by the Proprietors, and not generally improved, it has been contended that it remains subject to the Disposal of Government ; but as the Inhabitants of the Township of Gran- ville have never been heard on a Point which so materially concerns them, Government has very judiciously deferred any Determination for the present respecting this Land ; and if it should be found hereafter subject to Forfeiture, in that Case that Part situate on the East of the Gut of Annapolis, from its commanding Situation, will no doubt be considered as a fit Situation to be reserved for Military Purposes of Defence of the narrow Pass and only Pas- sage into tlie Basil! of Annapolis, A There ( 15 ) There arc a Number of good Farms at (iranviltc, well stocked with Cattle, and abounding in Marsh and Meadow (Jronnd, fri«ntin;^ on tin; Annapolis UiviT ; the Lands in the Hear risinc into ioi\y Hills of ono continuous Uange, exteiuling from the Gut to Cape Hlow.nie-down, about a Distance of Ninety Miles. There are also some good Orchards in this Settlement, and the Cider and Cheese of this Settlement is not excelled in the Province. NOV.* SCOTIA. A|i(irn were Sackville, Cumberland, ami Amherst ; the former Townslup, by that Division, is now in the Province of New Brunswick, and is called Uestmore- land. A material Part of the Towiisiiip of Cumberland is also cut oil from this Province, the Farms and Plantations thereby much severed and cut up, and occasioned so much public Incomenience, that ])re>sing Remonstrances were made to His Majesty's Government, although ineffectual. Amherst consists of Fifty-thrce Shares or Rights, of jOO Acres each, am contains 'J(),75t) Acres, with Allowance for Glebe, School, and Minister, ami for public Roads. „,, N0\ A SCOTIA. .\{i|>cn(li\, A. No. I. il ! ( '>f ( >>* ) NOVA SCOTIA. Apiwiulix, A. No. 1. ,1 The public; Business of the County is transacteil in tlie Court House at Amherst. Tlie Parrsborouf^h Packet sails regularly between Windsor and Parrsborough, 'l\vice in every Week, and occasionally Tince Times ; but always from Parrs, borough every Monday in tiic Summer Season, so as to be at Windsor on Tuesday; and will sail from thence the fir.st Iligli Water that hajjpens at or after Eight o'Ciock in the Forenoon of that Day. From A\'iiidsor to I'artridgu Island, a Distance of Thirty .Miles, you cross, without DilHculty, in Four or Five Hours, taking Advantage of the Tide. Partridge Island is a high Bhitt' separated from the Mainland by a long Beach, over which the Sea has washed in high Tides attended with heavy Gales. Its M'estern Side is perpendicular. It takes its Name from the Par. tridges which resort to it in the Fall of the Year. Its Projection tends to break the Tides, and affords good Shelter during the Summer Months to Vessels which continually i)ly up ami down the Bay ; and it has been noted for its Facilities in tlie Smuggling Trade. The Land about it is nuich broken and hilly ; and the Sea Shore from hence to Advocate Harbour, and for some Miles up the Bay, is chiefly high rocky ("lifll's. The Land rises into lofty Hills of sliarp Ascent, but in many Places, as well on the Slo})es as Sununils, of a rich Soil, ])roducing all Kinds of' Vegetables and (irain. The |)rinci|)al Perms residing at Partridge Island are Messrs. Katchford, Crane, and Shannon, whose Fmployment is su])plying the Settlement with Goods, &c., in Exchange for the Produce of the Country. The Parish Church is situate Two Miles from Parrsborough on the main Road to Cund)erland. Between this Church and what is called the Boar's Back, at Franklin Manor, the best Land on both Sides of the Road was, in the Year 1774., laid out into Farm Lots, by Order of His Majesty's Government, for public Sale, and the upsef Price limited at Sixpence per Acre ; but no Sale could be efifected, and no Bidders appeared, although due and general Notice was i)ublicly given a1 this Place and in every Town and County throughout the Province, by Handbills and public Newspapers of the Day ; and in the Year 1783, these valuable Lands were assigned to such Families as were inclined to settle on them, and many of them are becoming excellent Farms. There is some good Interval on the River, and from the Quality of the Land, there is little doubt of its becoming a tiiriving Settlement. Further on, towards Cumberland, is the Meean Settlement, situate on the Mecan River, which is in excellent Condition ; the Farms well improved and stocked with Cattle. As you approach the Settlenunt of Amherst, the Country opens and expands to an extensive Range ; and when you arrive at the Summit of Fort Lawrence Hill, yon have an interesting A'iew of the surroimding Country, and of the River Missiguash, its Meadows and Marshes ; but the most imposing View is from the Bastion of Fort Cumberland, when you have the Great Tantaramar, the Missiguash, Barronsfield, tiie wiiolc Township of Sackville, and the distant Chepody Mountains, at one A'iew ; and the vast Stacks of Hay on the Marshes, made up in the true English Manner, convey a favourable and correct Idea of the Stock and Butter it is capable of yielding. This Part of the Province was justly held in high Estimation by the French, from the very extensive Marshes they dyked in from the Sea. There are Sixty Families in the Townsiiip of Andierst, who have on an Average from Forty to Fifty Head of Cattle, exclusive of many Horses, Sheep, and Hogs. In the District of Fort Lawrence there are about Twenty Families, chiefly of the first Farmers in the County, having upon an Average abojit Sixty Head of Horned Cattle to each Family, exclusive of Horses, Sheep, and Hogs ; and the Rivers Nepaca, Mecan, and Hebert, including Menudic, a French Settle- ment near Barronsfield, contain about UX) Families, with large Stocks of Cattle. The Settlements on the River Philip, Pugwash, West Chester or Cobequid Mountain, and Remsheg, contain about 150 F'amilies, but have in general only small Stocks of Cattle, about Twenty Head to each Family. The County of Cumberland exports annually, chieffy to the Markets of Halifax, upwards of GOO Head of fat Cattle, 1,500 Firkins of Butter, besides u very considerable Quantity of Cheese, Oats, and Vegetables ; and if these 4 Lands at ( !» ) Lands liail a Siifticiency of able Farmers to work antl improve tliem, tlierc '■ little l)oiil)t but tile I'roiliice woiikl iiierease to a great Amount. It may serve to convey somewhat more of a probable Iilea of wb;it tliis valuable Portion of the Country is capable of producing, by the following Statement of the Marshes in this and the adjoining County, viz :— Acres. The Township of Amiiers', Marshes, . . |'^>,iKK> Ditto . Cumberland, Ditto - . 15,000 Ditto Sackville, ... |0,uoy Mcmramcook . . . . . . 7,00(> Petecoudiac and Chepody ... (i.oOO Uiver Mecan ... . . - 3.0()0 lliver Hebert ..... o,(KX) .58,fH)(> No\ \ seorr.t. Apiiendix, A. No. \. These immense Tracts of Marsh, if divided among a Number of eTiter|)rising Men, with the iSIeans and Disjiusitions lo improve them, would soon become Sources of Wealth ; but at present they are owned by a few individuals, to the Exclusion of useful Settlers. The Navigation of the Bay of Fiuidy (owing chiefly to the Fogs whicli prevail in the Sii nmer Season) has been representeil as dilticult and dangerous, but the Experience of Years lias establisiied one important Fact, tiiat among all the Vessels employed in New Briuiswiek and tiiis Province, and navigating in the Bay of Fundy, lewer Vessels have been lost, in proportion to the Number passing in tiie 15ay, than on any otiier Part of the AnKiican Con- tinent of the same Extent; and tiie Tides \Liy much accelerate the IDispatch of Vessels up and down tiie Bay ; and when Accidents iiave happened, they liave been owing to Carelessness, or in delaying the Time of sailing too late in the Fall of the Year. In ))assing down the Bay from Cumberland for Halifax, Apple Uiver, Isto Holt, the Gut of Annapolis, or Biiar Island, whicii is the Western Extremity of the South Shore of the Bay of Fundy, afford sate Siielter tor Vessels delayeil by the Tide or AVind ; fiom tiience they proceed to Yarmouth, and have friendly Harbours intervening the wiiole Distance to Ilalitiix. The Land (iom Barionsfield to Cape Ciiigaecto, except at Apple River, is high inaccessible Clitts, and on wliici) are only Three oi- Four Settlers, and Three Families at A\)\)\c River ; and afford no Place of Landing or Embarkation, except at Aj)))le Ri\er and the Coal Mine. There is a Coal Mine and Salt Spring at the River Philip ; and at Cape Dore and Toney's lliver, Copper has been found of good Quality ; and very strong Ind'cations of that Metal appear between Tatamagoucli and Carriboo and the Basin of Mines. Iron Ores are to be found in different Parts of the Province, but those at Nietau in the County of Aimajjolis aie considered the most valuable. From the principal Attraction of the Needle of the Comj)ass in the Surveys of the wild Forest Lands, there can be little Doui)t that when the Coiuitry becomes more generally settled, and these Forests reclaimed, so as to admit of easy Exploration and Examination, that Iron in Abundance, as also Copper, will be discovered on the Isthmus of the Province. 1 '(;. '- i . ■* TOWNSHIP of NEWPORT. ^ Bounded by Windsor Township on the West, by Rawdon on the South and East, on the North by the River A\on, containing 100,()(K) Acres, was granted in I7G3, and is equal to any in the Province for extensive Imj)rovement and Cultivation, and exhibits delightful Scenery. NOX'A 1I n*^ ( ^<^ ) i''1 \OVA SCOTI.W A|<|>eii(lix, A. No. 1. NOVA SCOTIA, ExclusiNC of Cape Breton, contains Of whirl, were (,'ranted, prior to the Year 1782, to the old Settlers - - ■ 1,97^,1-^ To the new Settlers, between 1st ol May 1783, and 31st December I78fi - • • 1.255,.>82 Acres. 8,789,tXX) There remained in the Crown 3,227,308 5,.'5Gl,fi92 1st. 2d. f i „ o «'*!,„ n, int« of! md made in Nova Scotia, from the Year 1749 to G..KUAI. ^l^^^^^^]S,^^:2^i^i.e. and Minerals to the Crown. IVriiHloiftln (iraiils. From t "19 to •» I7S'J - •/ From l".'i2to1 \78'i • '} From 1783 to' 1808 - •. From 1809 to"\ the present > Time - -j (iunnlity of Lanil granted. Acres. 12,000 2,890,062 1,873,941 1,343,936 Total Amount fi, 119,939 Of which lias Int'li cscliuatL-d. Acres. 500 1,945.372 200,790 i<| 1,343,9.10 2,152,062 3,979,277 UEMARK!?. Mines of Gold and Silver,l'reciousStones, and Lapis Lazuli, are reserveti, and no other. Mines ofGold,SUver, Lead, Copper, and Coals, are reserved, and no other. All Mines and Min- erals of every Descrip- tion are reserved to the Crown, These (irants include the Town, Siihurbs, and Penin- >sula of Halifax. Farm Lota on the Harbour and Vici- nity of Halifax. " These Lands were cs« cl.jated for the Reception of the great Rodier. of Lovidists and disbanded Corps, who settled in this I'rnvincc in the Years 1 783 and 178-1, and consisted chiefly of hirge Tracts, si- tuate in the County of Shelliurne, Siditey, I'oictou, County of Hants, Cumber- Lland, and Halifax. 3d. 4tli 5th Ctl Ttl 8tl U_v the above Statement it will appear. That - <>, 1 1 9,939 Acres have been granted. Of which . 2,152,662 Acres have been escheated. And that - 3,979.277 Acres are still held by GranU. atl It further appears. That ujiou 11.500 Acres there is no Reservation of any Mines and Minerals (except in a few Grants to the Crown). That upon - 956,690 Acres, Mines of Gold and Silver. Precious Stones, and Lapis Lazuli, are reserved. That upon . 1.667,15 1 Acres, Mines of Gold. Silver. Lead. Copper, and Coals, arc reserved. And that upon 1,343,936 Acres, Mines and Minerals of all Descriptions are reserved to the Crown. Jlalifax, 1 17 April 1820,/ (SiKned) CHARLES MORRIS, * Surveyor General. k ( vJl ) IM'OKMA'riON 4JU tliL- following Hi;.Uis. vi/ Qt'ERlES: 1st. What Extent of Land has been granted in the I'loviiici; to Individuals or Cor- porate Bodies, diirinir the lust Twenty Years, un(h!r tlie King's Instructions. Anmviiis ; 1st. Aliout I,;i81,91l Acre*. SitV.i siolM. Aji|itMi(lis, A. No. 1. 'M> Wliat is the general avera;;e Quantity 2d. of Land granted to each Per-oii, ami statu the Maxiniuiii and Minim inn u the Niiiiiber of Acre* so granted. 3d. What is the general Quality of tlic Lain) su granted. The general Average is 2:57 Acri.s to I'aeli Cirantee. 'I'lie Maxiniiini J-,(l(lO Acres. 'I'lie AlirjiaiiMn • I Acre. The sniall House Lots and Water Lots not noted. .id. About OncTliird of a good Snil, tliu Ke- liiainder allbrdiiig Wood anilTirnlier (iir Huilding, Fuel, I'eiicing, and other useful Purposes, Ship-building, &c. il u. 4th. W'hat arc the Conditions of the (irants as to the Improvement and Ijeltle- merit. 5th. Wliat are the Extent of the Improve- ments made. ■tth. Within Three Years from the passing of the (iraiil, to clear 'I'lnee Acres for every Fifty of |>liintable Land, and erect a Dwelling House of '_'(> by 1(J Feet, and keep upon every 51) Acres ncconnted barren Three Neat Cattle, and in any (Quarry to keep One I land in digging and working said Quarry, 5th. As no Survey has ever been made of the Extent of the Improvements, no ccT» tain Estimate can l)e at present l()rmed of them; but on a moderate Compu- tation, they caimot be les-, than Ten for every Hundred Acres. If, Gth. What Rents or Quit Rents to the Crown 6th. Two Shillings for every Hundred Acres arc imposed in the Grants. granted. Tth. Have the Rents or Quit Rents so ini- ' "th. Never, except in a few Instances about posed ever been paid or demanded. , the Years 1709 and 1770. 8th. Winit Quantity of Waste Lands of the ' 8th. About 3,78!),O00Acrcs, including Land Crown is still ungrantecl in the Pro- i covered by Lakes, Ponds, Rivers, vince. Rocks, anil Barrens. fi* ath. Give some general Estimate of the Value per Hundred Acres of the different Qualities of Land wiiicli remains un- granted. 9th. 1 shoidd consider the Land of the first Quality, lying contit'iious to public Roads, or accessible l)y Water, to be . worth from 2.v. to 2s. lid. per Acre ; ' the Remainderoftlieiingranteil Lands, in their present Slate, i'- not worth more on an Average than (roni (iil. to ■ 9(1. per Acre; but when the Forest Lands are penetrated by internal Com- i ' niunication, and the .Mill .Streams I that intersect them are occupied, and j the Ssaw and Grist Mills in Operation, I the^e Lands must naturally increase in Value. V l"lh. I |i NOVA scorrA. A|)|R-ii(li\, A. Nu. I. ( lOlli. What nre llit- Hcservalions to lliu Ciinvn, ill tlic (Iniiils nl dilloiciit IViioils, as tu Minis ami Minerals. lOtli. I'liim tlic Vcnr IHO!) Ii> tlii'. l);iy. all Mines (li'Ciolil, Silvt'i-, Lt'iiil, Copper, niul ('o;ils, I.iipis Lazuli, I'rceiom .StoiU'>, ami Iron, aif riserveil to lliu Crown, also all White Pine Trees. From IMl!) back to 177<», the same Reservations, except in a tew In- stances, oneol'which appears ileservini,' of Notice, at Capo Dove, the I'laee sail! to contain a valuable ('op]i(_T Mine. In the (!rant of this Lanil, tlic only Keservation to the Crown U Clolil and Silver, I'recioiir, Stones and La|)is Lazuli ; in the (irant of Frank- lin Manor, 2(t,00() Acres, only (iolil, Silver, and Coals, are reserved; in the Grant of 20,00(1 Acns to Col. Dess- harrs at Tatamaj^oiithe, Ciold, Silver, and Coals, are reserved; the same in the Cirant ol'yOjOOO Acres to Sir John Weiitworth at Merif;iimish ; in ihe ancient (irants ol'the Tow iiship, Gold, Silver, Copper, Coals, Liipis Lazuli, and I'recioiis Stones onlyare reserved. ISth Feb. 1826. (Signed) C MoBIlIS. POPULATION of COUN'rilvS. ISI7. ^ ■ Liinciibiir£T Sydney Ciimberlaiul King's Ciiunty Siielbnrne Annapolis Hunts Queen's Halifax Yarniontli ami . ^••gy le Total Popnlation the Island of Cape Urcton) in the V of Nova .Scotia (exclusjxe of) ear IS 17 J 7.«!)0 '2,W>5 7,1 IJ •,71!> !',817 ,0()0,0()0 11,(100,000 Of the former, One Third computed to be barren rocky Land, incapable of Cultivation ; One Fourth, Lakes, Ponds, Waters, Swamps, &c. ■-'(ith June 1827. (Signed) C. MoiiKis, Snrvevor General. COPY \U\ \ >< nil I. COPY of a Letter to l,io\it..(\,loii,l t'oi kiu hv froni J. Si'u\ Mi.i!U», ICmj.. Assisiaiit SiirVfVov (Jciu'ial «>t' Nova Srntia. '".vl" V,' ' ' Silt, >iiRvv,jr <,ci:or:il"%«1i1',v, ir.ii;f.i\, N. b., '.Tlh ,!.Hn; I-..';. Iv conipIianctMvitli your Diivrtioiis, I have the Honour to send :i I'l.m «if tlie IVovii .'0 of Nova Scotia, which I hope will meet your Wishes ; at the same time, 1 must camliilly intoini yon, that it is not -iiven as a miinite anil aecinate DcM-ription of ail the I-oeations as thev actnaiiy weie laiil out, lint rather the genual Outline of the tlilHrenl ^nantec'l [.anils.' Indeed, this Olliei' does not contain the re,()()0 Acres of Luiid lit for Settlement cannot be tbinul in One Tract in either of the Four Counties. Those Blocks of Land which are marked on the Plan have not been closely examined, but have been merely ])assed through, and there are Hundreds of small Lakes whose Situation we are not sullicieiitly ac(|uainted with so as to t'liable us to lay them down with .Vccuracy. The County of Sydney, I think, contains a greater Proportion of Laud tit for Settlement, in comparison of the Lands still remaining in Right of the Crown, tiian any other, and has the Advantage of good Harbours j but 1 think the (Quantity rejiorted as lit lor Settlement rather over-rated, I am rather ])ushed for Time, but iiope by the (jovernment Ilrig to transmit some tiirther Information. I inclose an Account, a Copy of which has been presented to the Provincial Secretary. Should any thing occur to you in Canada that can be finnisheil by this Dejiartmenl, it will give the Sinve\<)r (icneral, 1 uni sure, much J'leasnre to forward it to your Address in England. I am, i^c. (Signed) John S. Mounts, Assistant Siirsevor (Icneral. ill if 'I 3« K f' i , f I! < 'n ) NOVA SI.OTI.*. A. N. - ( A|i|ii'M(lix, A. J^"""' COPY of a Letter Iroiii l'i;Ti;it Cukhah, Dt'j)uty Luiul Surveyor, to John """ Sruv Moimis, Ls(j. gjj J'icimi, I lili May ISlT. Youn Circular, of Dale 7tli I'ltiino, comniaiidiiii;- nic to ;ittenil Colonel Cockbiirn, slioiikl he visit tiiis District, aiul furnish liini witii ail the Iii(i)rniati()n in my I'ower, I receiveil, and jjroceetled iinineilialeiy to collect Inl()rniation on the I'oints mentioned in your Letter, and have now the Honour of Mihmittinir tiie Uesiilt to you. Shoulil Colonel Cockhiun visit this District, I will f^ladly obey miy Connnaiids with wliicli he may favour us. First, in advertinji- to the Nuhject of this Query, it will he hest to mention the Town- ships into which the District has huen ilivided ; to wit. Pictou, l\i^erton, and Muxwelton. I'ictou i> the western. In it the Land is almost all i^ranted or Jocateil, except such Lots as are of an interior (Quality or in inconvenient .Situations, and theref()re not considered fit for Settlement. In ditlL-rent Parts throughout tiiis 'rownsliij) there are probably from Two to Three thousand Acres' of luigranteil Lands; I'art of it, before many Years, may probably be sought after, but a great Part will never be accounted worth the Expence of a (jrant. Kgerton, the next 'I'ownship, comprehends all the East River, from its Mouth nearly to its Source, and a great Part of the Middle Hiver. It is all granted and located, excej)t a Tract upon the South Side, which has hitherto been coiisiilereti too remotely situated, consiilering its supposed Qualities for Settlers. Of the (juaiuity in this Tract I cannot make even a Supposition, but the Quality, ])artly fr()m Observation of others, I am induced to believe by no means good. I speak generally, tor there are, no doubt, some gooil Pieces, and perlia|)s of considerable Si/c. The ungranted Land on the East River connnences about Thirty Miles from Pictou IJarbour by the Coiuses of the River. The Tide Hows about Eight Miles of this Distance, near the Head of which is sitiiateil the small Town of New (jlasgow. ]\Iaxwelton is the Eastern Township of the District, and extends from West to East, along the Shore of Merigomisli Harbour, about Fourteen Miles. 'J"hc Front or Xortliern I'art of the Township, to the Extent of about Twelve Miles from Merigomish Harboiu', is nearly all locatetl, and a great Part of it settled. Retween that and the District Line of St. Mary's in the South, and the Line of the County of Sydney on the East, is ungranted. This is the only large Rody of good ungraiUeil Land in this District, containing about lU,Ot)() Acres, chiefly co\ered with hard Wood. Ever since the Formation of Roard of Land Coimnissioners here, I have particularly turned my Attention to this Part of the District, ami directeil Settlers to it. I have during that Time surveyed Lots to about Forty Settlers, within the Twelve Miles tiom the Shore as above mentioned ; and, at the Recommendation of his Excellency Sir .Fames Keni))!, also surveyed and marked off, in Lots of 'J()(l Acres each, about (1,000 or 7,000 Acres ready tor Location. This large Tract of Land I know fi'om personal Survey and Observation to be of n most excellent Quality, is well watered by Rarney's River, running into Merigomish Harbour, and the Jhanches of the St. Mary's, running into the Atlantic; the Streams are small, this being their Soiu'ce, and not tit to float Timber; there are also several small Lakes, some of which abound ni Trout. Roads coidd easily be cut through it in any Direction, to unite the Roads of the Three Settlements above mentioned, there not being more than Nine Miles between the Extremities of any Two of them. Fishing could not be carried on by Settlers on any Part of tlie ungranted Lands in the District of Pictou. C'd Query. — My Knowledge on the Subject of this Query is \ery limited, but I think lor the Kind of Payment you mentioned, Land could be cleared, unless ])articularly difficult, tor from .i3 lO.v. to LJ.v. per Acre; this does not include liMicinn;. Jd Query. — I think about .iL'5 or ji 'JO would build a comfortable House for a Settler. «h ( ) IH'llllix, A. No. J. nil Query. — It is iinpossiliK' to {Tivf yon a «oriccl Idea of tlio Value of nova sroriA. Wilderness Latul, as if hears a different IVicc in every ilirt'erent Situation, often sellinjj for .iH and sometimes (or t'\0 a Hundred Acres. There is, '^l' perhaps, no Land which has been taken uj) within a Numlier of Years past, that would brin;,' above t 10 a Hundred. Herewith I have sent }i)U a List of the I.otsof I.and granted, but not settled; in this I am not exactly correct, as I have only been guided by my general Knowledge of the District, ami Reli-r. cnce to Plans. Three or Four Thousand Acres in aildilion woidd probably cover the Omissions in my Statement. J have counted all those Lots settled, on which, though containing .OOU Acres or more, there is One Settler. Your several Uecommcndations I shall carciidly keep in view. I have the Honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, (Signed) Pi:ti;k Crkiiau, Deputy Land Surveyor, To Joliii .Spry MoitIs, Esq. HETUUN of Ghanted Lands unsettled in tlie District of Pictqii in I8C7. cnANTKES NAMES. K,.. (if Acri's jjr.'nitfd. James .\rmstrong, Esij. James Rohson, Esij. - Jolm M'Colla, Escj. - ■ Heirs of Phil. Marchinton Do. Do. Minister's Lot - - - Glebe Do. • Schoolmaster's Do. - John Mackay . . • Peter Kilgour - - Alexander M'Donald William lliiistoij Phil. Mercliintou Robert Stewart Thomas Davison George Logan, senior George Logan, junior James Logan - • Robert Logan . - . John, George, and D. Mingo ... John Tullis ... John Stoildart » John and David M'Gill Windsor College William Robertson George Davison Samuel Langillc Carried forward - 500 SCO 210 1,400 200 .lOO SCO 500 500 200 ♦SO .500 1,400 250 SOO 200 »00 100 100 No. of Grntil upon (ii'ruTnl Plim. 54 t,'i 437 IS { { H WIIEIU: SITUATED. UEMAllK.S. ♦30 897 ♦20 950 I82| 750 1 299 ♦00 633 500 998 250 . 400 . 5,000 - 362 ♦ 19 282 - 150 - - 15,98+ 2d Division, N. Side of Piclou H-ir- bour Do. Do. Scotch Hill, N. W. of Pictou. RetweenTlirecBrook and CarabooRiver. Rig Caraboo Island. Scotch Hill Road to River John. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2d Division,E. Branch River John - - Rear of Milne's Grant Do. Do. Do. Do, Gulf Shore, Cape John 'id Division, Gulf Shore. River John Road. S. of River John Road. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 2d Division, E.Branch River John. N.S.E. Branch Do, Do. Do. South Side Do. River John. E. Side Do. Do. Do. W. Side Do. ■\ Settled by In- V trusion, but J abandoned. \ Sold, but not j settled. I Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ( Some few I Settlers by (. Leave. % ^ ii I !', ( « >ll convey to iiis Excellency the Assurance that nothing siiall be wanting on my Part to promote his good Intentions, as respects tiiese Objects, as lar as my local Knowledge will enable me. . I regret that the Season is so unfavourable tor exploring, owing to the Streams and Swamps being lull, and the Snow not yet gone out of the Woods ; otherwise I should have felt it to be proper, in compliance with his Excellency's Request, to traverse an extensive Tract of ungranted Land, which lies North-west of this Townsliip, and extends in that Direction to the Settlements of Antigonish, and westwardly to the Country Harbour Grant, ° anil im .■I; s I i '^ III t I NOVA .S(()IH ,\|l|H'lllll«, l\. Ni.. .1. ( •-'•'^ ) :inil to the l.ands (brmcrly siirvi-yoil hy iiu' loi llii' Roccption ofKinigrant'* iuljiiiriinj,' tliiTito. 'I'liis is tlii' only 'I'r'ict o(';my Kxti'iit in tliis District witli which I am iiiiac(|iiaintcil, aiul I have reason to' think that it contains nincli jfooil Land. However, if the Season contitnies (livonrahle, I trust I shall he ahle, liuriiij; llie first Week in May, to accomplish it. As resjiects the Tract lietween the Kast Hrancii of St. Mary's ami Meriironiish, my Assistant, Haltie, has lieen several Times across it, anti re|)()rts it to he of superior (Quality; Itiit I have no I'lans slie\vin, It »uuiii itK: iiuatiituK^ Lvf iviiuw ii any ivjicaii:? vwiiiu uc adopted to reinvest the Crown with the unclaimed Lots formerly drawn in this (irant, the Owners of which are cither dead or gone out of the Province, and tiiere being no Means of obtaining Titles to them, unless by Escheat. There are also, between the Two Blocks of Allotments formerly surveyed by me for tiie Reception of Immigrants, several Tracts of excellent Land, which were granted Eight or Nine Years ago to Captains and other Officers of the Royal Navy, on which no Kind of Improvements or Settlements have yet been made, and this is ;'. peculiar Hardship to the adjoining Settlers, who have been obliged to open Roads in ditierent Directions through these Lands, to gain .Access to the adjacent Settlements. Were these, and the Tracts I have mentioned before, escheated, there would be siithcient Space to form an extensive and ompact Settlement ; the whole witliin Ten or Twelve Miles of the Navigation, ami on Lands through whicii Roads are already opened in liirt'ereiit Directions. 10 Liscombs ( -'I* ) Liscomli". H ail »'\cflli'iii Hailxmi, liiit the valiiahl.- Laiuls li,. fi,, f',„ni tli.< NaviKatioii. and t-M.-iisive harn^n I'laits inti-iM-iu'. Aici'ss to tlic .'o.),| I uuls on tlu" iifw Koail (iom St. Mary's to Miisciue.loboit. must be !>> 7lie w'ly oC t lene Settlements, anil will be siibjeet to a lun^r I,an,| t'arriaire. However should extensive Knnj,Mation be eontemplated, these binds are at present most easily accessible Irom the Navigation at St. Mary's ; but takniK int.. Account the nnexploreil Lands Inst mentioned, between Country Harbour, South J{i\cr and (Juysboronnh, (,'ounliy Harbour would be the most ceiitiaU'oiiit ll.r the whole; and from an Kstabfishment commenced there, Settlements on all these Lands ini^ht be supplied with greater Facility than from any other sitiirle Point within my Knowledge. " Should Colonel Cockbiirn's Arrangements permit, I should be glad \t his Visit to this Place might be postponed until about the 'Juth of May as onr Interior Court siu here the Second Week in that Month ; and bciii" IVothono tny, my iinavoidaMe Kngagements in that Ortiee would, in the Kvent of his arriving near the Tii.:>, interfere with the particular Attenti.m which I am very desirous of devotinj, to him, and to the Objects which he has in view I shall, iiowever, use evei/ Lxertion to be prejiaieil in case of Ins Arrival at the Time you have mentioned. I have the honour to be, kc. kc. (Signed) Wkntwoiitii Tavi.ok, II 1 I /.I I .« . Deputy Surveyoi. Honourable Charles Morris, -^ Surveyor General, kc. NOVA SCOTIA. A|i|ien(|n, A. .\... .1. LETTER from W. Tavloh, E.sq., to Lieut. Col. CocKULnN. '''"> '■»ysl)oroiii;li, lOih, lime 182'. In order to afford the best Information in my Power of the Extent and Sitna tion ot the ungranted and iinlocated Lands in the Lower District of the County ot Sydney and its Vicinity, and the navigable Points from which they are most easily accessible, I have compiled a Map of the District, with the Exception of the Coast ami Harbours from Canso to Country Harbour of which I have no Plans or connected Surveys, and have also sketched the new Road from St. Mary's to Musquedoboit. To these I would beg Leave to refer for the Purpose of elucidating the following Statements. As respects the (Quantity of ungranted or iinlocated Lands which may be reckoned ht tor Settlement, this cannot be accurately known until they are actually surveyed ; but the following may be taken as below the actual Amoun' ; viz. — The Tract between Guysborough, Country Harbour, and An- tigonish, marked A., contains about 40,000 Acres —allow for Swamps and broken Ground One Fourtii — remain Lands adjacent to this Tract, Part of which were formerly laid otl" by Order of Government for the Reception of Emigrants, Part fronting on the South River of Antigonish and its Lake.' and Part on the main Road between Country Harbour and St. Mark's, marked B. . - ... The Tract North-east of Milford Haven, and lying between it and St. George's Bay, contains about 25,0(K) Acres — allow Two Fifths for Barrens and broken Ground— remain marked C. . - . . . . ' Lands between Salmon River and New Harbour, incluiling the ungranted Lands about the latter, marked D. . . Acres. 30,000 - 10,000 15,000 1.5,000 Within the District On the West Branch of St. Mary's, Liscomb Lakes, and the new Road from St. Mary's to \lusquedoboit, marked E., sup- 70,000 posed of good Lanil Total - .50,(XX) 1Q0,00U H ^{ ^ '11 i Mi ■Jl. I 1- II NOVA SCOUA. Appendix, A. No. 3. FF r "S s,;;t m;;^-s sirs-' ''s^-^sf;^ othe'lta'a; ;olcSt?;;h k ...uke u hu-ge Quantity of these Lands of easy ^'ElvSc^ conveniently .ituated to the Road from MilR.rd Haven to lloaJr 1 "B,y.lol,oi,, there i. » large Tract of good I;'"J. >»'' "^f, , ; nv.nv I'lices irnon fine Lakes ; ami in the Streams connected « th thcin tlcic an : V g»d sralions for Mills. I'inc, S,,rnce, and other sn.table fnnl.crs lor .mod land but 1 believe t is partly located. On otiiei laits ot tiis uoau fhere lu" Tracis of Land oi' a good Quality, but these I have ment.oned are ""iSrhrbeg Leave to suggest the Pr<,priety of having some general LinJ^ S iSs wSll exphned and bid out in ^l"'^-"' '^''^'Tt;!!!: d"'co" h St Situations through the principal Tracts which i have described, ton- e ,i.?i^^ ' 1 OS a&v opened, bifcre any Plan of allotting them is adop ed. T j'unvJ.Slc; and- hiercs, of the Sef.le-s vvil depend '"-'' "F" *^- knowing at Hrst where Koads are to be made, and u, having as ma ij^^Lots 7 the iiiul Ami it shoiiKI Iji- roniembcrcil, tluit few SitiKi- nova scotia. CioiUiiK'- on tlieni as nossibk tions in this Country admit of u good Uoaci ben.g nuul.. h.r any o-cit .Mancc upon, or even near to, a direct Line or -eneral Boundary between lloek> o. Uances of Lots previously laiil out ; any Deviation iroin which would deprive a _ I'lrt of the Settlers of havintr Access through their own Lands to sucli Koads. \should it be in view to settle Lmigrants in Situations where they \vould be Nvholly or principally dependent ni)on the Fisheries or otiier inantune I urs.nts tor Subsistence/there are several Harbours and convenient Situations hn- that Purpose on the Sea Coast of this District, between Mary, Joseph, and Canso, about which tlie Lands are yet in whole or in part at tlie Disposal otthe Crown. Amono- these is Lisco.nb Harbour, which is equal tor Safety and tor Depth (.t Water to any in the Province ; and in the Eastern Side ot winch a considerable Body of Land, some of it of good Quality, is yet iingranled Ihe Western Side of Little St. Lawrence or Legozin, which lies between Liscombs and St. Mary's, is ungranted, and the Harbour is a safe and convenient, one. All the Harbours, from St. Mary's to Country Harbour inclusive are witlnn the original St Mary's Grant. Of ihese, Hollands, Beckerton, and I'lslierman s ILirbour Jresali and very convenien to the Fisherie- , -id, with the Exception o One or IVo Settl.^.'7are -holly unsettled. Island Harbour, Coddels, Raspberry and Molasses Harbours ale also convenient Situations, and he Lands about them are to th.e best ot my Knowledge wholly nngranted and unlocaled. Besides he e there are many other Inlets and Islands winch would turnish conven.en S tuations for Fishermen, particularly the numerous Islands about Cimso. most of which are yet at the Dis .osd of the Crown. And to tins Class o Sett ers there a e few Situations in any Country where a greater Abundance ot l-ish may be Sen, convenient to thi Residence of those employed m tlnr Business, than in several of the Places which I have mentioned. Before concluding this Report, I beg Permission to express a Hope, that the cen- traKSituation of Guysborouldi or Milford Haven, as respects a very considerable Proportion of the ungranteu Lands in this District ; its Convenience to extensive Fisheries; its Safety and Accessibility for Shipping at all Seasons ; added to he na ural Beauties of the Scenery about it, of which you and the Gentlemen ac^-om anyin- you were pleased to express your Admiration ; will induce you to cTffi "r L one important Station for an Establishment connected witJ^ the Settlement of these Lands by Emigrants. And in view of this ""^11;'!: •ized to state, for your furti.cr Information on this Subject, that should there beanongst the Emigrants any English or other British larmeis aes.rous ot purchasing Lands in a Situation possessing so many Advantages the. e are e ell excellent Farms bordering on this Harbour, and some ot them com- nindin.' Views of the surrounding Scenery superior to what you saw, winch a e b, side upon the most reasonable Terms, the present Owners having incum- bered them by engaging in the Fisheries, and neglecting their Cultivation. I, eference to tlie Expe..ce of clearing new Lands lor Crop, that is, tor chopp ng down and burning off the whole. I have made extensive Enqnir.es, aii7t& my own Knowledie canno. rate it below Ihree Pounds per Acie I have no Idea of whai it would cost to extract the Stumps when they are ^^Sl^tSrS pi;:ngl^s\s kr ii^Sle of May to t^ "^'S'kxpence of a Hut built of round Logs or Poles, w^tli a Floor of the s'lnc squired or flatted, covered with Ki.ids, and having a Clmnney, I oinida- 'o ot Sto.,e and upper Part Clay, Dimensions, Fourteen leet by Sixteen, from i? loL to .€10, according to the Size, and Convenience ot procuring the ^^Thetb'ove are Answers to Queries directed to me by the Honourable the Surveyor General, which I have given with as much Correctness as my Inform- '';'li"e coiSd tiie Subject of the Surveys, and has. ...closed .ny Proposals to the Sun eyor General, svith this Report, and also a Bill ot the Lxpence, all of which 1 trust will meet your App.obat.on. I have the honour to be, &:c. &c. (Si'^ned^ Wkntwout.i Taylor, Lient. Col. Cockburn, " ' '^^"l-'y ^'"■^■^'y"'- &c. kc. Appciulis A. .N.I. ;(. HI ni 11^^ ■(■■ KOVA SCOTIA. Appendix, A. No. 4. ( «« ) A. No. 4. EXTRACT from Lieut. Col. Cockburn's General Remark Book. Truro, Nova Scotia, 23(1 May 1827. Mr. Alexander MiLLP:n, Deputy Surveyor, states, that in tliis whole Dis- trict the vacant Lands would not exceed 1-0,000 or 50,000 Acres, the which are scattered about. That more than 15,000 or '20,000 could not be found in a Block ; and that the Lands have been so picked, that not above One Half of wliat remains is fit for Cultivation. Mr. Miller has no positive Information respecting any other Districts. Both Mr. Miller and Blanchard state, that the Value of Lands back in the Woods, but well situated in this District, and of first-rate Quality, will average from .€r) to d'llt per 100 Acres ; that even within Four or Five Miles of llii.s Town, Lands can be bought of first-rate Quality, and Roads running through them in different Directions, and immediately communicating with the great Halifax Road, for One Dollar per Acre. The above Gentlemen are of Opinion, that, perhaps, from the vacant Lands of the Crown still remaining in this District, a very i'ew might be found which would fetch 3s. or perhaps 45. per Acre, but the average Value of the remaining vacant Lands would certainly not average more than I*-. 3(1., and would not cover the Value of the Grant Fees. Colches- ter, in which is the Township of Truro, is reckoned a favourite District, from its Situation. Its Land would average at rather a high Rate. The average Wages of first-rate Labourers about jCQQ per Year, Eight Dollars per Month, and for a shorter Period, from Qs. 6d. to 3.9. per Day, exclusive of Provisions, which latter may be estimated at I*. Gd. per Day. The Supply and Demand for Labour is at this Time about equal. Price of Pork (Salt), per Pound, i^d. ; Beef, Ditto, 3d. ; Flour, per Pound, Qid. District of Colchester might, perhaps, supply from 100,0(X) to 1«0,(X)0 lbs. of Pork annually, and about the same Quantity of Beef; but perhaps these are estimated too high, and it would be nearer correct to say 80,000 lbs. of each annually. The Calculation is, however, on Supposition, and without good Grouncis to offer it as sufficiently correct to be relied on. Poiclou, 25th May 1827. Road from Truro, first Twenty Miles hilly, and none of it very good In formation at Truro applies in great Measure to this Place. Harbour at Poictou extensive and excellent. The Entrance to it rather narrow in Places particularly near the Bar. The Town of Poictou compact, and a good'deal of Business going on, Ship-building and Lumbering in particu'ar ; the latter rather on tlie Decline. For other Particulars, see Mr. Crerar'a Report. in ( JJ ) NEW BRUNSWICK. B. Xo.l. KXTIlACTfrom aLcttoraddrcsseJto Lieutenant Clone! CocKDrnv by A. W tDDEUBtuN-. Ksq. Dated Saint John's, New Urunswick! 1st May 1827.— Witii EncIo)^l- has heen t^^'ZL:^ ^i^^^l^l-;:^;^^^^^^^ v^^ys^r ■; a!r[,r!'srs TESTIMONY of Thomas Gkiccohv and Thomas DLrriKr.D. resident voluntary Km,grants .„ the Emigrant District. Shepody Road.- 8th Deceu.her ,8-^(1 W DcS^IS^' "°^ '""« "^^-^ ^•°" ^^^'''-' '" ^^^^ ^'^"'--ntP d.'n "S;L";^:;-ef "^°' '"'" '""•^ ^°" '■"''--'• '-- « ^^''Je^„es, State ^^ Acres upon n,y own Lot. and the san.e Quantity upon Cau.j.bell's a Who is Mr. Campbell? A new Resident, who has occasionally employed me to work for l.im. 4. How does he pay you for the \\-ork you do' He allows n.e all the Crop I can raise upon the Land I improve for hi.n yo^.f:;S.^ycra.:;7:;!;: 'I^'-^^-'^ ^^-^ - advantageon.t. Ihc Campbell Land having been chopped down when I went into the Settle. inent. N-i;w IIUL.VSWICJIC. Aji|iuiuli\, U, N... I. t*, I,!!' I ii ?i: NEW JlKL'NSWirK. Appciidiv. ft. No. I. ( Jl ) nicnMlbunc! It convenient fov me ta ,.se it until VrJ'' [' ,' ^Lf cS own ; but as I am now getting a-heacl witl. my own Land, 1 wmiUi not loii- tinue to work tor liini. « Had vou any Money when yoij v cnt into the Woods ? I had endliKh to ,,urehase Three Po:mds Worth of Potatoes, Five Shillings ■ Worth of'Secd^Oats, and Haifa 15iisliel ot iV.ick \\ heat. 7, Had you any Assistance in clearing your Land, and putting in your ^'None. further than receiving Fonr Days Work fiom Xeiglibours, which I repaid by working the like Number i'or them. 8. Arc you a single or married Man? ' ci,l niarrieil last Year. *7. Have vou been able to support yourself and Wife upon yonr iy«? i have. "I was enabled to procure a Harrel ot I'ish, and a IJarrel of Flo.ir, and a Cow, with tlie Money 1 earned iit opening a public Koad tor Ooveni. meut throiigit the Settlement. 1(». What Stock have you i)ow upon your Lot ? Two Cows and a I'ig. 11, Have you any Produce to dispose of.it Market at present? Yes; One luuulred Bushels of Potatoes, Twenty to Thirty of OatR, and Twenty of Buck Wheat.* 1'2. Will not your selling so much disable you from planting next Spring} by vouriinding it difficult to get Seed should you be short of it ? No ; my .Seed at i)rescnt is not very good ; and I will put myseU to some In- convenience to get better. 18. Will the Settlement derive any Advantage from the opening of the Uoads to Martin Head and Sussex Vale ? Yes. 11. State any? ^ . ,, . „ , „ ,11. Already we have found the Advantage of the Martni Head Road, by bring, ing Salt by it for our Provisions, whicii we are getting able to salt, as well as procurin.' other Supplies through a Distance ot only Eight to Fitteeii Miles Land Carriage, when before we had to go tioiu Forty to Forty-tive. The aniihlle Part of the Settlement will find the Road to the Vale very convenient to procure Supplies of Hay, kc. tor their Cattle. 15, How do the Settlers in gciieral feel towards CJovernnient? Wc are all Protestants in tiie lower Part of the Settlement; we are very thankful to the Governor fordoing so much for us j we are all hai)i)y and con- tented, on good Terms with each other, and assist one another as much as possible. l(i. Had I or any other Person lent you Twenty or Twenty-five Pounds, at the Time you first went iutotlie Settlement, and asked you no Interest for Tm) or T/irce Years, when do you think you could pay me back the whole with Interest? , ,, , n • If you would take Produce from us, or young Cattle at the Market Pnce, I think we could return it to you, with the Interest, in Five Years. 17. Do you think you have got on as well without it? For my own Part I would not like to have such a Burden upon me. At first starting, a little to buy a Cow and some Potatoes, would be very useful ; but I think 1 am more content without it, for I should always be afraid I could not pay it, 18. Would not that Feeling make you work better? I am afraid it would co-u; me too much. * Vutiie of these iii tlie Settlement :— 100 l^lsllel^ I'otiitoes at 1». ]ier Busliel VO to ;iO Hiisiuls Oats, sav 25, at ;i.v. Do. UO llusliclii tiuclv \Mieat, it U, Do. £ ». 5 3 V> 4 (I jt'li 15 19. Then ( ''-J ) VJ. Tlicii do you mean to say, tiiat poor as you were when you went upon your Lands, you would ratlier go so again than incur tlie Debt and Obliifation ? 'lliat I Vrould. 20. Do you tliink any others in the Settlement arc of the same Opinion ? The Minds of I'eopic there are so ditferent that I would not like to answer for others. 21. IIow old are vou? Thirty. (Signed) Tfidiiian i tremor If. sriw IIIUNSWICK. Anpundix, U. N... I. Thomas Dlfiiii-u — Heard the preceding Questions and /Vnswers, and generally concurs in the latter. 1. IIuw long have you resided in the Settlenient :■' Two Years. 2. How much Land have you cleared ? Nine Acres. 3. Are you single or married ? Married. 4. What l-'aniily iiave you? One Child. 5. Had you any Money when you went into the Woods? Five Shillings. 6. Any Provisions? A Barrel of Floiu' and a Barrel of Mackerel. I had planted enough of Potatoes on my Father's I'lace tiu' Year before to yield me a Hundred Bushels. I had also Two and ,t Half Busiiels of 15uck Wheat. 7. What Stock have you ? A Cow and a Steer. 8. How did you pay for them ? The Cow I got from the Society, (/. <-. St. John's Agricultural and Emigra- tion Society,) and the Steer I paid for in Work. 9. Have you any Produce now to sell, without distressing yourself? Yes } 100 Bushels of I'otatoes and Twelve to Fifteen Bushels of Oats. 10. Can you or Gregory tell me, what Provisions would be reijuired to subsist a Family upon, in tolerable Comfort, for the first Twelve Montlis upon going into the Wilderness supposing the Family to consist of a Man, his Wife, and Three Children tiom Ten to Fifteen Years of Age. When putting this Question, other T-.vo Emigrants entered my Office, and joined in tiie following, as the Quantity that would be required :—y()0 Bushels Potatoes, Two Barrels Flour, Two Barrels Fish, a little Tea and Molasses, and consider the Milk of a Cow as a very great Benelit and Saving. 11. What Trade have you? I am a Shoemaker. 12. Do you get anv Work in the Settlement? Very little; I sometimes make ibr a Neighbour, and he pays me by workmg again for me in some oilier Way. . ,w;»/ " (Signed) Thomas Diijjidd. r I The following Examination is intended to shew the Improvement made by .•mother Kmiurant, who carried a small Sum in Supplies with him into the Scttlemonl. I have stated the Value of these Supplies at the Price lie actually paid I '111- I .f .' i NEW nnt;N.s«irK. A|i|ivn(li\, II. No. I. ( 3G ) paid lor thpm, and also have iinrntuvial his picscnt Stock and Improvement'* at what is a A\\r Vahintion, so as to affiird as clear a Jteturn as po.ssibie of the I'rodiice of his Capital and Lalionr, dinin/r tlie Period of his Kesidence. It must also be observed, that as he is now placeil in ix V>egKC oi' comparative Wealth, 1 IS Improvements {hij a Continuance of his Imiu.strij) will aihance in a ninch more rapid liatio than during the first Five Years of his Residence, whicli will appear hy the lijllowing Statement. J.uiKs Ai.i:xANi)i;u. — 1. What Supplies did you take into the Woods with you on first settlmg, and where did you settle ? In the Tall of 18'-'1, I had the following Articles, viz • 1 Harrel I''lour I Do. liye - I Do. Biscuit 1 Do. Mackerel .00 to riOlb. Salt Beef (say) 5 Gallons Molasses 3 Do. Rum 31b. Tea - (lib. Sugar . • . 1 Cow 1 Sow ... 1 Axe lO.v., 1 Hoe 7v. M. SO Bushels of Potatoes .£1 1 1 1 o o 3 15 5 15 4 10 13 9 15 5 IG 17 O o 9 9 G £11 6 '2. Was this your whole Stock, exclusive of yourClothing, when you went out ? 3. What Family had you ? My AVife and Self. •k At what Time of the Year did you go to your Land > In the Month of November. •0. How long did your Provisions last you ? Until the 9th August following, when our new Crop began to yield. 6. What Croj) did you raise the first Year ? One hundred and fifty Bushels of Potatoes, Twenty-seven Bushels of Buck W heat, and l-our Busiicls ot Rye. —Cost from (i.v. to S,v. 7. Did you purchase any Fioiu- that Year ? No ; I sold all I could spare off my Lanil to j)rociue other Necessaries. S. Did you get in Debt ? No! !>. Have you any Family now ? Three Children. 10. What Quantity of Land have vou now clear Improvements have you got ? ' ' Twenty Acres cleared at 80*'. per Acie '2 Cows --..... '■I Steers 1 Mare in Foal 5 Sheep .... ~ Hogs \ 1 House i Barn .... 1 Sled Ilarni'ss -----.. Purchaseil Furniture this Year to the Amount of Amount due to me for Road \\'ork, &c. and what Stock and jtm Vi 7 10 10 3 o G ii 1'-' 10 .5 1 10 3 10 7 10 .£\Cyl 11. Do ncnf* 1' tlie !. It "ative I in a ence, with out? ( »7 ) 11, Do you consiilfv the Siiiiis liure sot ilown as a fair Valuation of tlic I'ro. perty yoii now possess ? I do. V2. How much Proihice ha%e you sold at Market after Ruin)lyinj» your Family and rfsei\ ing Seed :' About Twenty Pounds worth. 13. Have you any Produce oil Hand still, anil for Sale ? Yes, about One hundred Bushels oJ' Potatoes. H, How long does it employ you to tut down and clear an Acre of Land for a Crop ? Fifteen or Sixteen Days, (I shouhl say not less than Twenty, AAV.) 1.5. How long does it employ yon to build such a House as you inhabit? I made a Fnoi.ic of the People in the Settlement, and got my Neighbours I atterwards finished it. I dui r* the Cellar luck to put \\\) tiie Walls in Two Days myself in Kight Days, 16. How many Miles are you from St. John ? Forty Miles. 1*. How much do you think a Family, like yours is at present, would reciuire upon first going into the Woods, in Provisions, Clothing, lllankets, Cooking Utensils, Bedding, Axes, &c. &c. f From 'I'hiity to Thirty-five Poinids ; that would keep them well until they began to raise their own Crops, when, if they have good Land, tiiey must then manage for themselves. 18. What Articles will Support r/«wr Family for the same Period, independent of (Nothing, and as you are now ])laced y Three Barrels of Flour (One of Wheat and Two of Kye Flour) ; One Barrel of Pork ; One Ditto of Fish ; Six Pounds of Tea ; Ten CJallons Molasses; One hundred Busliels of I'otatoes — Value about i\''J Currency. Upon these we can live in good working Condition, imtil we get afresh Supply by our own Labour. 1!). llecollect yourself, and say, if any Part of yoiu- Answers be more or less than a simple Statement of Facts, as they lia\ e occurred to yoursch'? I can swear to the best of my Uecollection that they are so, fSignetl) James Alexander, aotli April 1817 VKW IIIIUNSWICK, Appendis, W. No, J . ii and )o I am personally actpiainted with the Character of the Settlers from whom the foregoing Answers were received, as well as their Situation ami ("ondition in the Settlement, which, with very lew Kxceptions, may be considered a fair Sample of the District. 'I'he Ratio of Labour performed \aries materially, according to the inlemal Force of a Family. In the Space of a tijw ^liles, I noted the Labour in Twenty-seven Cases, and found it as tbilows: — during a Uesidence of Five Years, 13 Families had cleared from 10 down to '3 Acres. 11 Do, ... 20 - 10 Do. 3 Do, - - - 45 - 20 Do, A most prejudicial Propensity attaches itself to many of the voluntary Emigrants, viz. great Unsteadiness ; and I must adtl, that of clinging to Towns ibr Labour, " to mahe something," as they say, " to cnabk titem to go upon their Lands." I have almo>t invariably foimd such People worse off at the Expiration of several Years, than at the Moment tiiey landed in the ('ountry ; if they receive high Wages for their Labour, they are most improvident in their Habits, and seldom lay by any thing for the alleged Purpose of settling. It is then that during Seasons of relaxed Demand tor Labour, those People become bur- densome to the Province; but I am not acquainietl with a single Case where an industrious Man has gone directly upon Land, that Land being of a good Quality, without rendering himself and Family tolerably comfortable, and K amply A i\\ ill 111. r iinrNSwicK. A|<|>i'n . I ;., .lu. {•...use «.♦ :i f.'w Years. I look ni-on !)nllicM (s.e SaZri-'lnsCst^lus given ..is Fa.uily a Livelil.uoJ. and sometlung "'"\r.lu.''Fxnn,inalions wee taken withont any otl.er Motive than t» acquire , ; K " ec-e oi- a District will, vvlnci. I i.ave a -oocl .leal to i ... I "" ^'' .' . V ml .1 a.Kx. to tlair Want of an otlieial Tonn , I can, how- ^I'jrSl £ thai fciuracy. My last Visa to the Scttle.neut .a. m October, hut Settlers arc with me almost every Day. (Signed) A. WEnoEuntim, Major Coiintv Miliiiii. •'"'• ^'■'•"='"}' •• .... 'L i„. Vuv IH2r the A. umllv. S'witl.v. SI. Ji-liii, New l^r^n^Wlok, l»l Miiy l»i)' B. No. '2. F XTKACT from a I...rT..u addressed to Lieutenant Colonel CocKBUnn, by Judge Horsi ou». Dated Sackville, 7tl> June 1827- Hv the Keturn of Mr. Snuth, I had the I'leasure of hearing of yo<>r safe a „ew Country wluMC the l.act '* ^vuaunes pronounced to ;"■ ^""'r :^S^hc tS X^ S £:Z:^l.U stro. indications IflSn ;t;^-^o 00 ed%r'cond.mncdas sterile and unfit for Cult.vat.on 1 no iV is Lauds that were at first rejected, have been since located, and Ivv b en Jund. Cdtivation, to be equally as productive as those that we.-e ma) tail ly oe uiitriLu i y between Miramicln and the T^^ -ir^SSidt U ver 'XSn'e i? about Seventy-six Miles, and 2thSv^-q;=;:i5s^-^^^ i Id ,m.no!e.^»ul whicll might be connected vvith the \y;-l%^^^'^.\^^ Emioration. 1 allude to the making it a direct Road from the ^^n I «f t'>e Pe eco liicto Newcastle, and which would form a very considerable Section of 1 e c^u ti . ated Cominunication between Halifax and Quebec, by Way of the K-^tigS It has always appeared to me of the utmost ^JjUstica mpor anc. to the British North American Colonies, and in case of a Wai w tU tlic United States hi-hly necessary to their joint Defence, that their otherwise h.^ t d a d s^ 'l^erritories should be connected by a good Road of Com- cat To you, Sir, whose Knowledge of this Country is so accurate ^ ! ci^^^^^^^^^^^^^ need not to observe, that the Route from Halifax to Quebec, by tl e i ..o lehe, would on many Accounts be preferable to the one now used by e Way'of the River St. John. One decided Advantage it would have, that f beiii- One hundred Miles shorter. The Road from Halifax to the Bend of tk l^ecoudiac, a Distance of One hundred and -.gbty Miles is /r ithoiit com- tnuuicating our Opinions, we put various Questions to Mr. C happell. 1 he old Centleman took a certain Time before he would return his Answers. Ihe Result was truly gratifying, and confirnuHl, us nearly as ,.ossible, iny jireMons Calculation. Mr. Chappell agrees with Mr. Rotstord in thinking that our Supply of Implements is too liberal. If Fish is given, he particularly recom- mends the fat Mackarel and the Sea Shad, both of which were cheap, nourish, inn- and mix up particularly well with Potatoes. Mr. Ciiappell pau Nine Dollars an Acre for clearing and burning some Land last Year ; that is, liaving it nrcDared for Crops, but idthoutjincing ; the dmiig uhich, in the Case of the Emigrants Lots, would be useless. There is a Tract of about 1,0U0 Acres ot lieavy.tiiubered hard Wood Land close to him, the which, he has no doul)t, mifiht be i)repared in like Manner, for putting in the Crop, for 1 en Dollars per Acre Mr. Chappell thinks the Axes should not exceed l-ive I onnds iii Weilace, call it " Forche a CraDaud." iMiteied an Impiovement, by one Milton, who has left this beautiful Vale and gone t.O^ea ; the Family appear very indigent ; one of his Sons was going out to the Mill (about 1-our Miles of?-) with a Peck of Corn to have it ground. I Ins recluse Spot, surroiiiuled by prolific and romantic iMouiitains, shewed, by Its beautiful latches of Greensward, that it requires only the Hand of Industry to render it an enviable Retreat. Pushed on to the Foot of the Western Hill and skirteii .ts Base to another Farm, which is occupied by Sam Steeves -1 has a Wife and Xine Children— had sowed Three Bushels of Wheat and was harrowing with a crutched Harrow -the Crutch too long and nai'row ; better have a short wide one, for Stumps, with Fi\ e or Seven Teeth. Ascended the \ ale through Land that cannot be exceeded ; immense Elms, Ash, Rock, maple. Birch, and Hornbeam; the Swales a rich black Alluvion. The same hne Growtli continues np the Mountain ; here, in a Maple Grove, Steeves and us Son made Nine Hundred Weight of Sugar last Year- he had 1,200 Cassoos Oessels or receiving the Sap) set, and yet had not tapped One Half of the rrees \\ hen a erson occupies a " Sugarie" (in all Cases ungranted), makes •• rronghs and Barks." builds us Camp and brings his BoilSrs thc/e. he is CO is.dered 111 Possession of the Place, and calls it his - Privilege." Under such a light Steeves has farmed out this Grove during the last Spring, ami gets a certain Proportion of the .Sugar made. Having gained the Summit li he Mountain, found it formed a most extended Table Land ; examined it and found the good Land st 11 coiitinue. From the Norther^ Brow, the wkle Growth yet scarcely budded, afforded an Opportunity of viewing an imme , e lody of hne Land every where around, the Blue Hills withdrawn behiiul 3 e Bend, and the Smoke ot clearing Fires which appear to arise from the Rox^ Sminl .'^f 'T"'^-f'-''" ^'^r"Ji"^' - little to the West, discovered a f^ne Sin nig ; and as the Night was closing in, we halted and encamped. V<^J 19tl'-~Up i" time to see the rising Sun gilding the Tops of the distant IZT'nr r""* ' ''^fr ''"^," '''" ""' *« ''^^ ^^^^^t, same Growth ; discovered I sSter and fhim'i "'^' '•°^'"" "^^ ^'^^°""^^'" ' ^"™"l «°"^e «^' the Su firce Ivh [ on JhP Tn^ ^ consume very well, considering their Inferiority from lying on he Top ; crossed a great Number of Streams falling into Turtle Creek and at engtli the mam Branch. These Streams divide large Rd-res the ileecli, winch Don on recogmeed as having been made bj him Twenty-live Years < »' ) Years airo; cut info H, ami comitcl thf (iiouiti ..ftlu- Tivc ^ilnv it w;i^ in.uU-. wliii-h exactly ajfiei'il with liis A^M■lti<.ll. \U Nays he is |utIl'i|Iv acciiiaiiiliMi with this District, ami that the god.l I.aiul extemis Four or Five NliUs to the Northward, ami all the Way to ,Shi'|)o(|y in a contrary I )ireeti()ii. Onward, crosseil one of those very steep Ravines or abrupt (iiiiis, lutwitii the Mouni tains, which are here eailid •' \'anlts." The Hanks on cacli Siile are nearly perpendicular, lieinj; ahont 'J(M> Feet hi;,'li, and c.rtainiv not more ihaii XU Feet asunder at the Top. llavin^j; cn.Nsed liie Tahle f.and beyond this, met the first Kill lalliri;; imo Coverdale iliver. Alter havinj; niel several Streams, and a very small .S|)ace of interior Land, aseendid the hi^rhest Moun. lain which as yet lay in the Route. Soft Woods from the Rase to"withiu Half ii Mile (if tlie Top, when a Reech (irove he^iius and the Rocks appear; further up, a line (Jmve of Maple, tall and wide, allowed of a most iutereslinj;' \'iew of the wooded Hills, Tahle I.amis and \'alleys meeting,' the Fye in every Direc- lion, all covered with Hard Wood, inters|iersed with Fvernreens, stretchinjr intd the deciduous Tracts like I'romontories and Rays, Reyond the Rrow ami inward on the I'lateau, met a Reech Ridge, solely Reech, lor a Quarter of a Mile, and then an instant 'IVansilion to Rock .Mapfe. with the largest Firs I have ever se(.'n, and which indicates the first Quality of J, and. Proceeded onward about Two Miles through this (irowtli, and descended gently through admirable Land; partly down the Moimlaiu discovered a Rlue Ha/e, which led me t(» conclude we were near Coverdale Ri\er; still descended, and when down, got into an Intervale. Having been almost cloyeil these Two Days with Repetitions of the must desirable Tracts for Settlement and delightlid travelling. Nature seemed here determined to furnish us with a rich Treat. The (irowtli is of the most luxuriant and pictiuesipic Description; the Soil is the finest alluvial deep dark Mould ; and the I'nder Rrnsli presents a great Variety of flowering Shrubs, amongst which the " Rush Cranberry"' (Tamarind) \ya» everywhere himg with Clusters of its ripened Fruit, which were very refresli. ing after the Toils of the Day. Through this Intervale runs Coverdale River, on the Ranks of which we pitched our Woodland Camj). After Refreshment, I left the Frenchmen in the Camp, and went down the River lo find somi" Settlement, in order to discover where oui ll< >e crossed the Stream. At about Three and a Half Miles reached the Cle, . ; of William Perkins. Ho seems to have chosen tin's Place from Ten orTwehe Acres of Intervale lying there; the Intervale is only middling, and the surrounding Lands not wort li clearing, being an Exception to all'l have yet seen in this District ; says, fie knew nothing of Land when he settled there ; sows Five Pecks Wheat' per Acre, and has about 'i'welve to One Produce ; sells at 7.v. (id. a Uushel. Oats costs Qs. per Bushel j Buck Wheat sells lor r>.s. per Bushel ; be sows Three Pecks per Acre; and has Thirty to One Produce ; he pays 2'J.v. (if/, an Acre and Board to a Man for felling, juiddng into Ten Feet Lengtiis, and trimmiu" off the Branches ; thinks it costs him 'J'J.v. ix/, more to bum and make fit tor harrowing. He says, the Land on the Road from his Farm to tbe Mill on Paulet Klver is poor next the Streams, and Hard Wood between ; all up between Paulet River and Coverdale Kivei', and on towards Sliej)ody, •• is as good Land for Settlement as lies out of Doors ;" would have gone further up but spcut Iiis Means in building and clearing where he is. May 20tli.— -The Consecjuence of not having the Lands open and cleared away round low flat Grounds, was very striking here this Morning, as the Intervale was covered with Hoar Frost, and the Ground considerabry frozen, lleturning very early to the Camj), found the high Lands untouched with the Cold, but, on descending to the Camp, felt the F>ost again, Kefieshed, aucL started to explore to Paulet River. On leaving Coverdale a small Swamp occurs, which entirely disappears on ascending the Heights. Onward, nearly South-west, crossed many Streams and rising Grounds and Valleys, but not any so high or so deep as between Turtle Creek and Coverdale Ri\er. It may be noted, that without Exception every \'alley is wooded with deciduous Trees on the Western Bank, and with Hemlock, Spruce, and Firs, mixed \vitl» Hardwood, on the Eastern Banks. Arrived at a Branch of Paulet River, and found some Improvement by Persons who !ia\e occujiied the Groimds on their own Authority ; struck the main Rranch, and refreshed ; crossed the River »' by Nr.w tniivswicK. Ajl|M'lll|it, N.'. 1. U. A li y !i lii li It, r f ll, NEW nilDNSWICK. A|>|ii'nili>, II, No. l. If by fbniinff. an.l continue.l il.c llnutc westerly i fV-.n. a IIn;4l>t pot a Virw ..f - ■ »(.sv:ii(K Ki'imi'l)acassis, ami am ronvincc.l lli._saim> tmc liact rn.iit Uiwr ami Martin's llivul (ui tin; May <;•' I;'.',""')' the I.aiidt contimu's to My Instnicti.ms recniiriiiK that I Munil.l leacli Slu'i.o.ly Tcvnmrrow Ni.u' ■ ■' • report In Colonel Coeklxirn at Saekville or irnro, I n lit. low ar tine iliar Kletraiiei' its III It IS Itlit he itoeks are ania/iii.yly finiml ; ami the Character of the II, ami line Hit of Distance, I'orin a very iierlect I'lrtiire. inanv ■ser J''al too wiile to Went on in riaees rather lliver, ami I'loceeilfil about Two and proceed to report altere.l mv Course to South-east, ami eonlniue.l so to steer lhron|ili sim Tracts as hitherto, ilecivssed the I'auk t Uivcr at the lails. to winch I had Ixeii attracted by llie Noise of the Casca.le. It is .me ol' the most pleasm-ly |)icluresi|ue I ever saw, and lias an Air of peculiar about Thirty Feet ; tl IJanks above the Fal . I remained lorn; euouiili to take a Sketcli. Ihcie are Ascended the Uiver about a Mile, and bail to (brd across, beui-' fell a Tree; and the (irowth on its lianks, the shrubby Kuid. the .South-easterly Course, ihrouuh as line Land as ever, but in rocky. Ueaciied the Head ol' the .South-west Ibaiicli ot'Covcrdal descended into tlie Valley or Intervale; line Soil. Miles ni), to a very lari;e Meadow, where the Stream forms a clear laiml Stretch, wiile enmi-b to'be called a Lake ; tlie Cnass already abundant. Went np, nltliou;,'h out of flie ( ourse ol' the Uoule, ui order to get a 1 lace to cross, l'orde' 'lit' wholi', I may say, that tlit' wliuK^ Tract isaContittuity of superior Laiiil tor St'ttleiiK'Ht, and that i iln not think more than '.M |)it Cent, tan he deihictcil t> r slony Land, stei'ii Hanks, and the I'lace )ieii(li<, Bb Na.4. R. Xo.iJ. COPY of a Li:tti;u from ,1. A. Maci.auchlan, I-sq., to Lieutenant-Colonel CocKULRN, Commissioner, &c. Sin Kro(kricton, 30tli.Imic 1S27. Haviso received your Instructions at Miramichi, to explore and ascertain the Growth oi' Timber, and the (Quality of the Land lying between the Upper Settlers on the llichibuclo Kiver and "llie l)Utternnt Ridge; also from that in . rear of the gnmteil Lands to the Rend of the IVtieoudiac River; I have now the Honour to report my liiiving aliended to this Duty, and beg leave to state the following (iir your Information, wliicli is accompanied by a I'lan shewing my Route, and which I hope may lie satisfictory. The Upper Settlers on llie lirchilincto River are about Twenty-two Miles from its i>Ioulh. ami 'i'hrco from tlie Head of the Tide. Their Farms are composed of gooil Tillage LamI, and timbeied with an equal I'roportion of Rock Maple. IJircb, Reech, Hemlock, and Spruce. Tliey inlbrmcd me the Increase of tlieir Soil was from Fifteen to Kighlecn Rusliels of Wheat I'roni One; other Grain in proportion. Potatoes Twenty Rusliels, aril !Liy from One and a Half to Two and a Half Tons to the Acre. From these Settlers I took my Depiuture, witii a South-west Course, rn<,ier to the Southward, and should imagine, from Time, to have travclk.i r'ive Miles. From the first Mile I fbinul the same Description of Land as on the Bank of the Richibucto, but the remaining Four very indifferent Soil, tim- bered with the inferior Woods of White Rirch, Spruce, I'rince's riiic, Poplar, and F'ir. F'rom several Observations taken in this Course of high Sjirtice Trees, the Land to the Westward appealed ol' llie same Description as I passed through ; but to the Eastwaid ami South-east, tiiat is, on or near Tront Brook, and Coal or Mile Branch, appeared to be timbere(l with good Hard Wood. My Course was then directeil South tor Ten Miles ; and almost in the whole of this Distance, excepting, as I have said before, on the Trout and Coal Branches (both of wliich 1 crossed), i)assed through Soft Wood Timber of a similar Growth and Description as tiie Foiu- Miles first spoken of I made frequent Observations, and found the Land to the Westward low and very indifierent ; but to tiie F^ast and South-east, good Land. Again I took nearly a South-east Course for Five Miles, and passed through the Quality of Soft \\'ood Timber, as before described, which brought .Me into a very extensive Barren, or what is termed i--. this Country a ("araboo Plain. From' this I have reason to believe tiie Buctouc.ie, Mile or Coal Branch Salmon River, and the new Canaan llivers, take their Source. From tiie Barren I went South, and came to a Stream about a Mile, that I was afraid (from the Sketch of the Country furnished me,) was the Head of Salmon River, which discharires A|i|icn(li«, li. No. .0. it m H ir i i j' NEW BltUNSWICK. A|i|>cii(lix, li. No. 5. iji.. ( ^^ ) iliscliarycs into the (Jraml F.akc. However. I tlianged my Course for one I tlioufflit would biin<^ me to IJiitterniit Jtidgc ; wlien I crossed tlie same Stream several Times, and at length came to a Settler on its Banks, of the Name of Rider, wiio informed me it was the new Canaan lliver, tiiat empties into tiic Waslndemoak Lake. Frequent Observations were taken between the Barren and the Settler, which I should suppose a Distance of Eight or Nine Miles ; and the Land for several Miles on Canaan River was found very low, and timbered with a very inferior (Quality of Soft Wood. At Rider's House I discovered the Ridge, which bore South 20° East, Six Miles distant; tlic Land between me and it, low and timbered as just before described. The Clearing I discovered on the Ridge belonged to Charles Alwood, who is in the Possession of a very good Earm, and also many others adjoining him. The Growth of Timber here is Rock Maple, Rirch, JJeech, Huttermit, and Hemlock. I was told, the annual Increase was generally, of AVheat, from Fifteen to Twenty riiishels from One ; Indian Corn, Eighty 13ushels ; Potatoes, Twenty ; but the Soil too dry tor Grass. Saw several Apple Orchards, which bore, in Five Years, from the Seed, T lere is also in tin:, Settlement a grcal QiKintiljj of most excellent Limestone. I took my Departure fiom this Ridge for the Bend at the Upper Settler, Charles Alwood's ; and fiom his Imj)rovements through ; the Lanil, generally speaking, is excellent for agricultural Purposes, part'icitlarhj so for within lOight Miles of the Bend. The Timber on this Tract is composed of Rock Maple, Birch, Beech, Ash, Elm, Oak, Hemlock, and Spruce. In making a Computation of the Quantity of Land that I should consider fit for Cultivation in my Route, I am of Opinion from 80,()00 to 90,000 Acres may be found, and probably more, when an accurate Survey is made. I have, &c. (Signed) J. A. Maclauchlan. REPORT of Geoii'^f. Smith, Esq., Assistant Surveyor General of New Brunsv, i>, on his Route from St. Nicholas River to the Bend of Potecoudiac River. The Growth from Ricliibucto to the West I]ranch of St. Nicholas River, is Hani Wood on the Sides of tiie Streams, with a Mixture of Hemlock and Spruce in the m.ndle (hounds ; on the West Branch there is a considerable Extent of Intervale. The South Bank of the West Branch is steep in some Parts, and covered with rather a j)oor (irowth of Wood, which, however, extends only a few Chains, when an uncommonly fine I'ract commences, and which extends several Miles up Stream ; Birches (of Five Cord), Elm, Ash, and Maple of immense Size. Onward to the South the Land declines, and a small dry Barren runs East and West. Beyond it the Hard Wood re-appears, and skirts both Sides of Buctouch Mill-branch. A few Stripes of wet Barren, partly Spruce, Swamp, and wet mixed Land, lie on the Way to the Buctouch, but upwards the Land is excellent. At Miller's Cove, on the North Side of the Buctouch, the Land appears but of a middling Quality, yet wherever any Hay or Clover Seed falls, the Evidence of a luxuriant Vegetation is very striking. The Land on both Sides of the Buctouch, all up both Sides of both Branches, is of a most inviting Quality. At a considerable Distance up, between the Two main Branches, there is a pretty large Barren stretching westerly, in a Direction similai- to the general Coiuse of the River. Nearly on the Head of a Stream, which evidently empties into the Mahalawodiac, is a very good Meadow, Part of which has been improved. Beyond it, to the South, the Land sustains a tall Growth of Spruce, sometimes mixed with Hemlock and White Birch, but iiever an absolute Barren. Onward to the South, the North-west Branch of the Cocagne runs a long A\'ay through the same Kind of Land. About Half Way between the North Branch and the main Cocagne, a most excellent Tract of Land occurs, wooded with Oak, Ehn, Ash, Hornbeam, Beech, Jl' ) npoch, Hircli, and Manlo. A hcaiitifiil >mall Stieam llows m all nirortions tliioiigli this Hue Tract. Farther Soiitii, the (irowth is large Hard Wood and Hemlock, which Jlidge is stated (by one of my Attendants, who knows this Country well) to extend to the Shore on the ICast, antl to the 'r of the Stream on the West. Towards the Cocagne, the Land descends more than in any Part of the Tract as yet described. The 15anks immediately on the Hiver descend for a considerable Distance, and large Stones |)rotrude fiom the Surface ; towanls the Water Kdge, the Stones disappear. The Stream is rapid, and clear of Obstructions ; the South Bank is more rapid in ascent, but less stony, and may be called, as well as the North Side, good Land ; the Timber is large Hard Wood mixed with Hemlock and Spruce; the same Kind of Land ccii(lix, B. No. 3. i id ) Mile and a Quarter wi.lc ; in t!.e Rear of wJ.icfi the I.a.ul appeared to he of .irood Quality. 'J-l.is Swamp, on the acco.npau) iug Skct<;l>. is .k'nonunated as No .,. At the further ImuI of the Swamp 1 crossed the liner, and ascended the left IJank in order to determine the Kxtent of a Swamp there, bemg a (.rowth of Spruce. Poplar, and White Bircli, which is ahout 1 wo Mdes ion-, and not Half a Mile wi.li. This is also desi-rnated No. .5. There is excellent ..and o.i th.« Side above and helow this Swamj), and a consi^lerahle Quantity of Intervale. The L'ood Land extends alon- the Hanks, and a Spruce Swamp, about Half a Mile^leep, in rear of it for a considerable Distance, where the River be-nis to be very small. Divcrgin- downwards. I passed through a very hue 1 ract on my Way to the Kouchibou-uacsis, consisting of Hard Wood, with a small Mixture of Everirreens, A Swamp of poor Land then extends or Half a Mile or more in some I'laces to the River. Crossing the kouclnbougiiacsis, I ascended it on tiie right Rank, through an immense iract of excellent Upland aud Intervales. At the Turn of the River to the Northward I crossed the Rar- ren, and found it quite inconsiderable, and a very tolerable Growtli in rear of it. I recrossed the Rarren farther uj) and descended a short Distance. 1 then crossed the River, and ascended it to Mooney's Camp, and found very trood Land and many fine wild Meadows. Descending again, ami crossing 1 struck across the Rarren in another Place, and found it not more than Halt a Mile wide, and entered a Cedar Swamp ; crossed several sma I Rnges aiuf some Alder Swamps, and then came to a Ridge of very goo( Lantl, which extends to the Kouchibouguacsis River. Retv.een this Part of fhe latter River toRarnaby's Rivci is all very good Laiul, with a slight Lxception, described on the Sketch. Within the Forks of the upper South Riancli is a so excellent Land, and below it is equally as good. Recr<«sing to the Kouchibouguacsis we found no Rarren at all, but all very good Laiul. Descending at a Distance from both Rivers, the Land alternates from Ridges of dry good Land to Cedar •uid Alder Swamp. Recrossed the Kouchibouguacsis, I ascended it on the left Rank through tolerable Land, and struck across the Tail of the Swamp t(> Mollis River; descended the latter, where 1 had not seen it before, and crossed over to Bass lliver through almost all excewlingly fertile Laud, wat^ered by a beautiful little Rrook. Descended Rass River about Two Miles and recrossed to Mollis River, through all very poor Land, marked on Jie Sketch. Descended Molus River to M'Eachern's, and returned. , • „ , , , ., All the Rivers have small Pieces of Intervale on their Banks, but the Kouchibouguacsis has most. -r i ^i i t . r • i i On the whole, accoriling to my Judgment, if the Whole Iract were divided into Seven Parts, the Hard MOod would be Two; mixed Growth, 1 wo and a Half; tillageable Swami), One and a Quarter; and Rarren, One and a 'oi/tiie North Side of Kouchibouguacsis River, the Laud to my certain Knowledge is all perfectly good, or at least much more so generally than on the South Side ; I therefore did not conceive it to be at all necessary to devote any Time in jjassing over Land which was well known to me, but to de\<)tc more Labour on that which was of a doubtful Character. Consideriii'-- the Prejudices entertained by new Comers, I should beg leave to recommeml that tiiey might have a Choice out of Double the Quantity of Lots, which ought certainly to ensure their being satisfied. I have, ^c. (Signed) W.m. .Ino. Lavton, D. S. L. Lieutenant Colonel Cockburn, kc. kc. kc. 'H COPY of a Lett Silt, from B. U. JouETT, Esq., to Lieut. Colonel Cockbuun. Nortli-wcht Mir:\iniclii, Mill May 1827. 1 uAv'i; the Honour to report for your Information the Quality of the Land lying between the Richibucto River and the River Miraniichi, taking the Woods at KcUock's, Twenty-two Miles iij) the Richibuctoo River, and pro- ceeding fioni that direct for the \'illage of Chatham, through the Wilderness, avith some little Divergements from a straight Line. The t ( *T ) The Land in unipral on Hicliilxicfdo Kivor is of a ^ood <^KiIity, fini!)Oivil with Hemlock, niack Hiirh, Maple, Deicli, Siniice. ami some seatteiing I'ines the l.andwlicie I took nn Departure from l{iehil)iH'too Kiver, hack I'or ji Dii- taiice of Five Miles, is of an ordinary Quality, interspersed with small Swamps, then commenees barren; this continues Half a Mile; then conies Hal Land, ratiier swamjjy, and not so jj;ood in Quality as that discovered the Five precediufj Miles; the 'I'imher, Hemlock and Spruce, with a small Proportion of Hani Wood'; this continues to Hass River, or about Four Miles. On the North Side of this River, a Mile and a Half below our Line, there is a small Ridge of jrood Land, timbered jjrinciiially w'^li Hard Wood, running,' in a north-easterly Direction. The Land westerly apjiears of a tolerable good Quality, Mi\tuiv of Timber, some scattering I'ines. Frtun I5ass River, onward, for the First 'I'wo Miles, the Land is very good generally ; Timber, large Hemlock, RIack Rircli, iic. ; the Land very level' and free from Stone; then comes rather interior Land for a Mile and a Half; then comes large Lake. There is a tine Rulge of Land lying south-westerly and west of our Line, and rather extensive, (this Infiirmation I obtained from the Man, who climbs every few Miles, or where- I'ver wo meet the smallest Height,) also one of the same Descrii)tion north- easterly. The Land from the Lake betbrc mentioned to Konchibougiiacsis, a Distance of Three Miles, is generally low and swampy, with some Barrens intersp ■sed ; but One Mile above this, on the North Side of Kouclubouguacsis, commences an excellent Tract of Land, ami extends up parallel witii the River for Four or Five Miles ; also a little below our Line, on the South Side ol the Kiver, there is a fine Ridge of good Land running jjarallel with the River, and continuiiii,' for Three or Four Miles; Mixture of I'imber, Rirth, Majjle, Hem- lock, aniLSpruce. From Koiichiboiignacsis, on onr Line, the Laiui continues low 'anil swampy for One Mile and' Three Quarters; Timber, small Spruce, Hemlock, Fir, ixc. ; then comes small Ridge of Hard Wood; the Land good; this continues Three Quarters of a Mile on our Line, running westerly 'I liree or Four Miles, and easterly Two or Three Miles; Timber, principally Hard Wood, with a Mixture of "Hemlock and Spruce of a large Size ; then comes Hairen, covered with scrubby Spruce ; this continues for Half i\ Mile ; then comes tolerably good Land, "ratiier low, but well timbered with Hircli, Majile, and Iar"c Hemlock; this continues to the Kouchibouguacsis River, mtcrs])erse(l with Swamps; the Lanu on this River, skirting the Ranks up and ilown as far as the Climber can see, appears to be very good, well timbered, pnncii)ally Hard Wood. The Lanil from Konchiboiiguacsis onward continues gooil (or Haifa MWe, well timbered ; then comes low Swamp Land inters])ersed with a little Hard Wood here and there ; this continues near Two Miles ; then comes Hard Wood Ridge, very tine Land, but only continues a Quarter of a Mile ; then comes Rarren. and" continues Half a Alile ; then comes level Swamp, rather dry, large Timber; t!;en comes r.arren partly open; this contmnes about Haifa Mile; then comes fiat Land, tolerably good, timbered with Hemlock, Rirch, and Spruce ; then comes a low Cedar Swamj), very thickly timbered. From this to Hai-des-Vents (a Distance of near Ihree Miles) the Land is "cnerally ve;y good ; Timber, Rirch, Maple, Hemlock, and Spruce, someCe'dar and Spruce Swami)s. The Land skirting the I5anks «'f the Rai- des- Vents River is of very good Quality as far up and liown as the ( limb(;rs can see, well timbered, jirincipally Hard Wood, very large. From iiai-des. Vents River, onward for Half a Mile, very good Land, well timbered ; then comes Spruce and Cedar Swamps ; those continue a Mile and a Half ; then comes rather better Land ; but low, interspersed with Cedar Swamp ; this continues Two Miles ; then comes Hard Wood Ridge ; this continues Halt a Mile on our Line, and extends easterly Two Miles, ami westerly Two Miles ; 1 imber, Birch, Reech, Maple, Hemlock, and Spruce ; then comes Cedar and Spriuo Swamps ; this continues for Haifa Mile ; then comes Rarren, 'Ihree (^^uarters of a Mile, covered with scrubby Spruce ; then comes Cedar ami Spriici' Swamp ; this continues One Quarter of a Mile ; then comes higher Land and ol a better Quality; Timber, Maple, White Rirch, Spruce, und Fir, with some Fines; this continues One Quarter of a Mile; then comes a small Ridgc of good Land ; Timber, Maple, Birch, and large Hemlock ; this continues One Quarter of a Mile ; then comes Rarren ; this continues One (Quarter of a Mile. I'loin this to Black River, a Distance of One Mile and a Half, the Land is generally low and swampy, with some small Barrens. From Black River to ( h:itliani, ' •' the N'lW ['.IlfNSWU K. Aiii'i'iidii, ft. ^■1 .Nm IiIm ,// i I MBW nnuNSMfcK. A|)|icn(lix, U. r' 'U ( tH ) the r^and is low :wiil swampy, poor CJrowth of Timber, very little Hani Wood; the nistiuice I'roin IJhick lliverto Chathani is about Nino Miles. Tiiis Country is in general very level and ilee tiom Stone. The Weather, as you doubtless will have observed, ])roved most uni'avourable for our Work. The most compact and extensive IJody of good Land I have discovered, ' commences near the J'orks ol' IJai-des-Vcnts Hiver, and between the same, and Kxtcnds uj) towards the Head of Harnaby lliver ; this may contain '.'O.CXK) Acres : There is another Hody of good l^and near tlie Head of Mac (iinnises and Troudys Ibook ; tliis is not very extensile, but very good. The llidges of /food Land in general are of an oblong Figure, r.itlier narrow, and running parallel with tlie Hixers. Tiie general (Quality of the Soil is, first, a covering of decayed vegetable Matter, varying in Depth from One to 'J'hree Inches ; then a Yellow or light Gray Clay, intermixed witii more or less White Sand in tlie best Land, but with not a great deal of the latter. Being detained in the M'oods mucli longer than I ex))ected, (from tlie Severity of the Weather,) I fear I shall be loo late for this Tost ; however, I shall make every Exertion to iiispateh my Report tins Time. I reside some Distance from Newcastle, wliicJi renders my Commnnieations by Post dilUcuU and uncertain. I regret to say, that this Report is not as explicit or as much to my Mind as I could wish, but I assure you, Sir, that the nnparalieied Hadness of the Weather rendered it almost impossible to do any thing in the Woods. Not One Day, from the Time I lelt Richibuclo River, until 1 reached Chathani, but I expe- rienced more or less Rain or Snow. I herewith forward a Statement of my Account; a Draft for the Amotint on Josepu Cunard & Co., if convenient to you, will answer every Pmpose. I have, &c. (Signed) B. 11. Jouett. Lieut. Col. Cockbtirn, &c. &e. &c. P. S. My general Course from the River Kicliiburto to Cliatham was from Five to Ten Degrees to the Westward of Nortli. EXTRACT from Colonel Cockbuun's General Rkmauk Book. Rrn.Powi-.Li., Resident of Ricbibuctoo, says, that between Richibuctoo and the Bend, Land fiom about Two Miles and a "Half of the Sea Shore is good for a great Way j and at the Head of Bass River, the Land for Six Miles square is excellent ; the North Side Molus River, and all the South Side Bass River. From Basa towards Grand Lake, burnt Land, Swamp, Cedur, Spruce, and Alder. Mr. Goodfellow, of Newcastle, Miramichi, would prefer settling about the River Bartibog, in preference to any Part of the Two Provinces, ior good Land, Mr. Harris, of Moorfields, Miramichi, states the Land between Newcastle at Miramichi and Nipisiguit, Bay of Chaleur, on the Eastern Side of the old Road, towards the Shore, to be very capital. The new Road is laid out nearer the Shore, or to the Eastward of the old one, and runs through a long Tract of good Land. The Land on the Ristigouche is generally good. He considers the Climate quite as good as any in the Two Provinces, and that Farming can l)u as advantageously carried on there as in any Part of the Province; and that he would as soon live on tlie Ristigouche as on the Gulf. Ristigouche navigable lor Ships tor Twenty Miles above the Bay, or Mouth of tli'j P.iver. < «'.» ) PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND. C. No. I. IlEI'OUT of Prince Edwaiid's Isi.Avn, a* dircctctl by the Riyht Honourable the I'lintipal Secretary of State. riiivcr. County. — 1^7,000 Acres, diviilod into 'J3 Townships ; Quit Kent Qs. per 100 Acres per .\iniuni. Township No. 1.5 revcstoil in tlie Crown in the Ys-ar ISIS. Terms preseriheil bv His .Majesty's Royal Instructions, in tlie Proportion of One Settler to evuiy v'OO Aires. The County in general containing an equal Proportion ofgooit and indiilcrent Land. Kino's County. — H '2,000 Acres, divided into 21 Townships; Quit Uent . 2.S-. per 100 Acres per Annum. Township No. .5.5 revestcil in the Crown in the Year } on wiiich the Quit Kent is of wiiich do not appear on Record. Royalty containing .OL)',' Lots of I'i Acres each, !)<» of which do not ajijjear on Record; ;j,j Common Lots of I'i Acres each. Two of which do not a])pear on Record. Quit Rent on 'I'own Lots 7.S'. per Annum ; Pasture Lots .'S.v. per Annum. l.Tl Town Lots granted within the last i>0 Years; 1() Water Lots; IS7 Pasture Lots; 'i Common I-ots. Terms prescribed by Crants on 'I'own Lots, to build a House, Id Feet by 1'.'; and Pasture Lots, to clear Tiwec Acres previous to obtaining a (irant, and pay the annual Quit Kent. Gf.ohgk Towv AND RovAi.TV. — LOOO Acrcs ; George Town divided into 12 Ranges, containing 1!)2 Town Lois, of which Kii iio not appear on Record.' Royalty containing 10.5 Lots of Light Acres each, .i;7 of which do not appear on Record. Quit Rent on 'I'own Lots 3s. per Annmn; Pasture Lots '.'.v. per Aniumi, Tluee Town Lots granted within the last iio Years; Five Pasture Lots. Terms the same as above. Privck Towv AN'D Royalty. — Lf'fX^ Acres, divided into .'58 Rows, con- taining 3t)(i Town Lots, of which '.."J.S ilo not aj)pi^ar on Record. Royalty contaming .Tl(> Lots of Light Acres each, IC'l- of which do not appear on Record, (^iiit Rent of Town Lots .5,v, per Amuun ; Pasture Lots '.'v. per Annum. Ci ranted within the last 20 Years, Five Town Lots; 5J Pasture Lots. Terms the same as above. (Signed) J. E. CAiiMiciiAEi,, Col. Secretary. PRivrE EOWAKU'S ISLAM). Appeixlixi C. No. 1. u N Loh rrrr ill h 'V ruiNci: EDWAUU's ISLAND. Appendix, C. Nu. 1. Lois granted Kit/iin the laal Ti^cnlij Yearf, . Charlotte Town George Town - - . . Prince Town • . . Town Lots Water Lots 151 Lots. 3 Do. 5 Do. 159 10 Total of Town and Water Lots - 175 Charlotte Town George Town Prince Town 187 Pasture Lots. 2 Common Lots. rl87 - U8«J 189 5 Pasture Lots. 53 Pasture Lots. 247 Total of Pasture and Common Lots. Acres ■i.fi7,oo() 1.12,000 4SG,4U0 7,300 RECAPITULATION. Prince's County. King's County. Queen's County. Charlotte Town and Royalty. 4i,(XX) George Town and Royalty. 4,000 Prince Town and Royalty. 1,380,700 Total. \m S Appendix, C. No. 2. C. No. 2. RETURN ol"the Acting Surveyor General of Prince Edward's Island, to Colonel CocKBuuN. Office of the Surveyor General, I'rince L .;. rd's Island It appears by the Office Plans of Townsliips, No. 55 and No. 15, that the following Number of Acres are held by Grant, and also by Licence of Occu- pation, as ordered by the Secretary of State, shortly after these Townships were revested in the Crown. * Township, No. 55, granted Ditto, under Lease Acre's. 5,000 Coo 5,(i(X) The Township contains 20,000 Acres, which leaves 14,400 Acres in the >-• 1 o vv n • rp. , . ., Acres. lownship, No. 15, granted - . 1,200 Ditto under Licence of Occupa Ion - 0,700 7,900 The Township contains 20,000 Acres, which leaves 12,100 in the Crown. (Signed) J. E. Caumtchael, Acting Surveyor General. ( 51 C. No. 3. QUESTIONS by Mr. Hon lo.v. y.L— The fullest Account of the Naturo «.f thf Lands whkli have aliiady bctii ^'ranted, their Quality. (Japaeitv, and tlie Terms of Cultivation which have been iin|)()sed? A — Prince Edward's Island contains l,400,0(Ki Acres of Land, and is in its greatest Lt'ngtl. 160 Miles, and varying in Breadth from Forty Mik's at the widest to Six und Se\en Miles at the narrowest Part, It is nuich intersecti'd by navigal.le Rivers and Arms ol the Sea ; and it is said that there is not One Point in t > Island more than Five Miles distant fror., Water Carriage. There is no Country of its Extent mori aliounding in safe and commodious^IIarbonrs, and there is every whore Abundance of Springs <.f tiie |)iMest Water. The Island is diviih >l into Tluee Counties,— King's County, Queen's County, and Prince County. The whole ol'tlie Land in eacli County lias been granted away by the Crown, to different Persons, in Tracts or Townships of"20,{)0(> Acres each. Tliese Grants consist in the whole of Sixty-seven Townships, ami include every Acre that His Majesty could giant, excepting the Site of a Town and a Royalty in each County, containing about 1.5,000, antl the Townshijjs No. 5,5 and No. ,, which were reinvested in the Crown under an Inciuest of Oftice in the Year LS . The Grants of Townships contain no Condifiim to cultivate, but each Grantee was required, within a definite Period, to settle his Lot with Inhabitants ui tbe Proportion of One Person to every «00 Acres of Land, and on Condition of paying a Quit Rent for each 100 Acres, which is now reduced to the Sinn of Two Shillings anmiiiliy. Tiie Quit Rent bas not at any Time been regularly collected, and it is not now. None of the adjoining Colonies \y.\y Quit Rent, although there is a like Reserve in those of Nova Scotia, New lirunswick, and Canada. The Island is everywhere of a very undulating Surface, there being not« probably, Half a Mile of level Ground within it. The highest Land is said to be about 100 Feet above the Level of the .ea. Tbe Soil is generally a deej) red sandy Loam, ofgreat Fertility, approaching in some extensive Districts to a clayey Loam. All the Grains of Britain are raised in perfection. Wheat, Oats, and Barley, are each excellent in their Kind, and abundant in their Produce, under ordinary Management. All the leguminous Crops, Potatoes, Turnips, Carrots, Parsnips, Cabbages, and the Mangel Wurzel, are here brought to Perfection. From theealiest Period of the English Settlement of the Island, wbicb may be said to have commenced in the Year 1775, the Island raised enough for its own Consumption, and may be said to have been, since the Year 1790, an exporting Country of Oats, Wheat, Barley, and Potatoes, and still continues so, though ui a smaller Degree, since a larger Market has arisen within it from the Demands of Lumber Men, from Ship-building, and from a small Fishery. The whole Island is an unvaried Tract of Hard Wood, Beech, Birch, and Maple, forming the Mass of its Forest. There is not, probably, 20,000 Acres of indifferent Land in the Colony ; and it may be said to be all arable ; that is to say, capable of yielding profitable Crops under the Plough. Tbere are no Obstacles to beneficial Cultivation but the Forest Trees j the Land is ever^ where free of Stones and Rocks, and draining is hardly any where required. The Country on the Coast abounds with Sea Ware, which is used as a Manure ; and in all the Bays, Rivers, and Creeks, there is Abundance of rotten Eel CJrass, a sort of Sea Weed, which, in a State of Decay, is excel- lent Manure ; Muscle-mud, a very rich M '■■, containing, on Analysis, 4.5 per Cent, of the Carbonate of Lime. All ( lese have latterly been used by the Farmers, but not to the Extent they ougai. The Grasses commonly sown in the Island, are the Timothy, (Meadow Cats- tail, of the Botanists,) the Red and White Clover, and the Cow-grass, or peren- nial Red Clover. Where the Land is under tolerable Management, from One Half MUS'CK tOWAUD's ISLAM). .Ap|)i'ndi\, C. N(p. .f. if i(- tl'i ( -i ) MIINCI, VT' ;i\, «'. I"!. UiiW to Two Tons of Hay i^ jikkIl- to tlio Aciv. It iiiii-,t, liuwuver, l)i' hornu in niinil tluit all Ciilturt' licri.', cvlmi iIk- Inst, U i'.w behind that ut' Kurope. ( "onnt'ctuil vvitli tins Snbjcct, Cliinatc must not be oniitteil. Tlitr Vv'inlcr is h)ni;, and its Len^jth, not its Suvi'iily, is forniidahk'. From the 1st of Di'c'i'iiibii' piouirhing is in freneial iini)racticabii', th(iiij;li there arc some rare liislanco of its having i)e(Mi prolonged to .Faiinarv, Its Jlecoiiniiencement may (iiirly be stateil as the I7tli April, although earlier Seasons are not imfri'( llic LnmU ? //.— The Value of Laiul in tlii^ Islaiul, am! indoud in all luw ("omit tics, laiiis pciiiaps nioru than it ever doos in Kiiioi.c. One liundRd Acres in a o„,„l JSiluation, well cleared, with f^ood Fences, and suitable l5niMinf,rs, and in iudidous Cultivation, nii'^ht yield a hij^dier Price than .>,()()() Acres of JWest Land of the .same natural Qnahty, situated in a. remote Quarter, distant, from lloads Harbours, Settlements, and Markets. * The common Kent of Wood Land here is ]\. Currency tlic Acre, or i:, (i.r 100 Acres. This Kent is seldom exacted till the Tenant lias been 'J'hree Uuirsonthe Land, and these Three Years lie sits Reiit-liee. The common Price ot the like Land is from lo.v. to 'JO.v. the Acre for a Farm of loo Acres-, this IS of Land flivoiirably situated, and in Settlements, and the Terms of rayment are f-eneially made \ery easv. This is the Way in which the Owner ot a rowiiship deals with his Settlers. Purchases of Lajid. howpvc;, on a large Scale, are after a very ditlerent Rate. It is not, however, very easy to say what may be the Kate by the Acre,* where there are so many varying Circumstances in the X'aliie of a Township^ for tiiey all are more or less settled, and generally are of \'alue in pioiiortic'il to their being so, if the Lands have been leased ; but on the other hand, when the Settlers have bought their Lands, the \'alue of a Township is dimiiijsheil, because the early Settlers generally have cliosen the most valuable Tracts of Land, and the best Situations as to Harbours ami Water Carriage. Perhaps some Instances of recent Sales may give tiie most correct Informa. tion. A Township, Lot 51, of excellent Land, with an extensive Water Front on Cardcgan Uiver, where the largest Man-of-War may enter, was lately s(j|d for .€l,.:i()0 Sterling. The Land sold was 18,000 Acres ; y,000 Acres had pre. vioiisly been disposed of. Mr. .Johnston, the Agent of Lord Selkirk's Property, is now in Treaty with some New IJrunswick Frenchmen, for the Sale of Lot 10, and Half Lot I'J, both nearly in a State of Nature, and containing aO.OOO Acres ; these Lands are distant about Sixty Miles from Charlotte Town ; the I'rice Mr. .Toluistoii has asked is tmly ^'J,,0OO. It is a detached Portion of my Lord Selkirk'* Kstate, which he wishes to get rid of. Mr. .Johnston otiered Ki.OOO Acres, Part of Township 31, within Fight Miles of the Capital, i;)r .€'-',0(J() Currency, jind there are Tenants paying Rents to the Amoiuit of nearly t50; and Mr. .Johnston has only yet received an OHer of J.'l,rAH), with Atrrii'iilliiii'. A Cow (iriilk'- iiicn iii'ar Cliailotti' Town liuve amusuil llicniselvcs in raruiinj;, .mil liavi- adoptf 1 jndic'ioiis Moiit's of Culture, ami iinproveil the Ureeil of Stock of all Sorts ; and tins Taste increases and spreads over the Country ; but the new Farmer who f^oes to clear the Forest is in general jjossessed of no more Pro- perty than his Axe and Hoe, and i- olb-ii in Debt for that. If he bean Kmi- grant he generally wander^ :iljont I'rom I'lace to I'lace, cpiite bewildered with the Variety of'Choice, and only fixes himself on the Spot where lie spends his last Shilling. [t is to this iinnu'ions and valuable Class that a small Advance of Cajiitai maybe of incalcniaiile Value ; and any Hody of Capitalists who might engage in such an Advance, would find it a beneticial and safe Mode of employing Money; such Cajiitalists having in the first Instance possessed themselves of Lands^in the Island snilicient for their Purpose j l.OO or 'JO(),0(K) Acres might be had oil nearly the same Terms as before mentioned. If the (iovernment gives any Aid to Persons wishing to emigrate to the Island, it is to be hojied such Kniigration may jnoceed from lOngland. The Hasis of our l'o])ulation is the .Scotch Highlander; a small Hody of the old Accadian French, and a tew American I.,oyalists; the Keinainder is about an equal comjiound of iMiglish, Irish, and Lowland Scotch. There is not » more orderly People in any of His Majesty's Dominions, and it is very desirable to keep them so. This, however, might be despaired of were a great Addition mad" to our Population from Ireland. Q. (!. — The Quantity remaining to lie disposed of? //.—The Quantity of public Land is the 112,100 Acres of Lot 1,5, and the remaining l*,4f)0 of Lot 5.'5, should the Traverse of the Incpiest ofOHicc !)e unsuccessful ; and a few Tow n and Pasture Lots in the Town and Royalty of (leorge Town. The Quantity of Laiul that might be purchased from Individuals is very great, say l.'iO to '200,000 Acres. .full/ l.S'2,0. COPY C. No. 4. of a LKrTEii from Mr. Riciiaud VAri;s to His Fxcelleiicy the Lii:uri;NANT Goveunou. Charlcitte Town, '2Sth May 1SJ7. Richard Yates' respectful Compliments to lii.s Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, begs to state, from a hasty Calculation, also from other Information, he thinks the under-mentioned is a tolerable near Account of the Surplus Produce, as may be exjiected any fair Year under present Circumstances ; viz. 100,000 Bushels of Potatoes. 17,000 Ditto Oats as Meal. 2,500 Ditto Barley Ditto. 1,000 Ditto Wheat as Flour. C. No. 5. I Appendix, C. No. 5. EXTRACT from Colonel Cockbuhn's General Remark Book. Charlotte Town, Prince K:!HardV Island. A BEAUTIFUL and excellent Harbour. Town not extensive, but neat antl well built. The Harbour shut up from first Week in .January to about the Middle of April. Price of Wheat 5*'. per Busliel ; Potatoes l,v. Clearing Land and preparing it for Crop S 10 (/. c. Ten Dollars) per Acre. The Soil throughout the wiiole Island good. Improvements by no means as extensive as they ought to be. Population about 30,000. CAPE BRETON. I>. No.l. COPY of a l-F.TTrn from .1. Ciiawlev, Ksq. Surveyor CJenoral, Cape Urctoii to His Excellency Lieut. CJeiieiul Sir Jamks Kempt, G. C. B. &c. &c. Sill, Sydnuy, Klllj April IHj;. I iiAVK tlie Honour to acknowledifc tlu- Receipt of your KxceileiieyN N'ote of the 4th April, anil I liasten to oiler sueli In(()rination concerninji- the Sulm'ct of it, as I have been ahle by various Means to procure. In uiv private Note of ,'i()th January to Sir Rupert (irorj^c, I ventured to state that tlu're nu'^'Iit be vacant Land for the Accommodation of between ,5,()(»() and (1,000 I'amihes, in this Island. That Estimate was fouiuleil rather on my Kuowledj^e of the Extent of Surface than of the Quality of the Soil ; and the Result of later Incpiirics woulil induce me to reconunend great Caution as to the Xinnber to l)C brought hither in one Year, until the Interior has been carefully explored by intelligent Persons. If the Great Mire (irant were escheated, there would be about 82,000 Acrcn of disposable Land, nearly One Half of which, I am credibly informed, is good for nothing. From the Western Boundary of that (irant to the \'icinity of St. Peter's, ami northerly and southerly, there may be ratiier uu)rc than 100,000 Acres, some, doubtless, good, and a great deal, I tear, very indilferent, more especially towards the Sea Coast. I have been disappointed in my Expectations of obtaining a Survey of the Cluster of Lakes in the R(.'ar of the Red Island Lots,, and a better Knowledge of that Country, by an unlucky Accident, which cnntined to his Room, imtil the Ice became impassable, the only cnnipeteiit Surveyor that was dis- engaged. I learn from my Deputies, from whose iuu'c(]uiteil Labours we derive the only Intbrmation to be depended on, that the greatest Quantity of ungranted good Upland, lies between the River Denis, the (iulf Shore, and thence towards the River InhabitaiUs. According to Mr. Luce's Calculation, or rather his Conjecture, there inay be within those Limits, about 100,0(JO Acres; and 1 am of Opinion, that 500 Families might be plauteil at once in that Part of the Country, with less Risk of Disappointment tiiau in any other. Five hundred would, I think, be as many as should be hazarded at (uie Time between Mire, including the (Jrant of that Xame, and St. Peter's. Mr. .M'Nab makes a Report of '200,000 Acres, in detached Situations, unoccui)ied, and fit f()r Cultivation ; it would jierhaps be more correct to say, fit fitr Farms j for it is not probable that the whole is suitable for Cultivation. My Deputy for the North-eastern Part of the Island thinks there may be, in various Situations in his District, from the Island IJoularderic to Cape St, Lawrence, about l.:i(),000 Acres of Laml tit for Agriculture ; but I would not venture to recommend to send thither 200 Families iwtil the Countrij be explored. In short, although there may be in the whole Island vacant Laud for 5,000 Families, it would be very rash, considering our limited Knowledge of the Interior, to pretend to say- where any large Body of Emigrants might sqfelij be placed, previously to the making correct Surveys and Divisions into Lots, or, at least, of extensive and careful Explorations. I have the Honour to be, &c. His Excellency the Governor. (Signed) J.CUAWLEV, S.G.C.B. C.iPE nilETOX. A|)|ien(lix,D. No. I. %\ w K { ■'><> ) i \ 'I , m CAPE DRKTON. Appendix, D. No. 1. COPY of a Li/rriK fioni C I). Rankin, Kscj. to James M'LAUtrii.AV, .^vs(|. II. P. lOUh Kiirimeiit. Di:An Sril, ( liurUme Tnwii, '-'Hill .May 1S27. Ar( (iiii.ivr; to your K«;qiiest wlun we paitcti, I called at your Loilgiiit,'s at the 'i'iine a|)|>ointc'tl. I was iiifoinicil you had ji-oiic on hoanl.' A»ter a Kesiduiice of ii])waiils of'l weiity Years in this Cuinitry, that is to sav, in tlie C'anadas, Nova .Scotia, New Hrunswick, ("ape Uretoii, and tliis Island, I was ai)i)liiil t,) hy several of the r'inei|ial Proprietors of the Ilifjh- lands of Scotland to make myself as well informed rej,Mrdinj;- the most suitable of the above Colonies lor the Location of Settlers. I, of course, made it my Study to travel as much of the Interior of saiil Provinces as possible I couhl, whenever Leisure would permit mc, and the Duties of both the Civil and Military Situations which I had the Honour to hold. I ;nn very sorry that your Request was not made at an earlier Period, fur the Information of Colonel Cockburn. As tlie small Sketch I have given you of the Rras d'( )rs, and several Lakes, will inform you of that Part of Cape Iheton, I will commence from the (iut of Canso to Cape North, which is as follows : From the .*udi(pie to Cape Mabou, the Front is settled, but by cutting Roads through in many Directions from the.ludicpie to the Interior, or opjiosite Lakes, the Lands are good and well ada])ted lor Kmigrants. From Cape IMabou to Margaree River, the Front is also settled, which i.s a Distance of Si.xty Miles from the Gut of Canso. The whole of the Interior is well calculated for Settlers, with many fine Lakes, From Margaree to Chetecan Harbour, the Front is partly settled by French. The most Part of tlie Interior is rocky, and all the Coast between Chetecan and Cape North is very wild, not fit for Settler.s. From Cape North to Sidney I do not know, but wa.s informed the Land was very barren. Commencing again from Ca:iso to St. Peter's, the whole is settled in Front. An immense Number of Inhabitants could be located on the Imerior of'all that Coast by cutting Cross Roads, and in particular from St. Peter's to Sidney, I am certain, is the best Tract of Land on the Island. Tiie Great Rras d'Or and Little Rras d'Or are a good deal settled on the Front. I am well aware that there is Plenty of Lands in Cape Breton to accommodate from !.',5,U()() to .'iO,(X)U Fmigrants. Shoiilil Colonel Cockburn, at any future Perioil, require any Iiifbrmation of the aforesaid Provinces, I shall be most happy to give him or you every Assistance in my Power. I am, &c. (Signed) C. D. Rankin. D. \o.-2. Appendix, D, No. 2. INFORMATION obtained at Saint Petku's, Island of Caim: Breton, 7th June 1827. Rev. Mn. Mac Leod, (Catholic Clergyman,) from Information obtained iioni his Parisliioncrs, who reside all round the Bras il'Or Lake, and from whom and others he lias heard much respecting the Island, confirms the State- ment which is given by the Colouring of Map ; and further states, that he has seen and conversed with Persons who jjassed through the Tract of Country marked unknown, and lying fiom the Bedeque River towards Limbo Cove and Ca])e North, and who spoke favourably of it. The Indians have informed iMr. Mac Leod there is a Silver Mine near Cape North. Mr. Mac Leod thinks fiivourably of the Soil of this Island generally, and is fully convinced that many Parts of it are decidedly superior to Prince Edward's Island. He has seen a great deal of new Settlers, and feels satisfied there is no Part of British North America so well qualified for the Reception of Settlers as the IiUeiior of tins Island 5 Fish being to be taken in Abundance in all the 5 Waters, ( ) Waters, Siimiv ii^ni A'intvr, and tlir WiiHr ( uiimiiinicaiK.ns easy l{cacli n^^^^x^.^ '; ol tlio Mand. Air. Mac l.ood st... -, then- is a jrivat Want of Mills ihnMiL'lioiit the Maiul • but that thiTf IS no \\ ;int of .Situations ti.r buildinj; tiifni. Mr. Kaveno:. ■„ , """"y ; and expresses his coiiliilent Opinion, that the .Soil of t us Island is (piite as p.od as tliat of any of the I'-ovinees in JJiitish Xortli America. Mr. Kaveueafrl, thinks, the Increase of Wheat on new Lamls in this Is and is ahout I en or Twelve for One. He rather expresses this ( )pinion Irom Hearsay than Ins own K.-)wledfre ; but of this he II-. !s certain, that whatever the Increase may be in other Colonies, it is quite as ^r.^af here. Mr. Kaveneafrh states the IViee ol' Labour in tU\> Conntrv to be about /''(> per Annum (or Wafres. and about i 1 L per Aninnn, or !)r/. "a Day. Il.r I'rovisions. \\ages per ."Month, at some .Seasons of the "Sear, as IumI, as £3. The Price of prepariiij.- Land ti)r Crop, exclusive of lencinj,', £:i per Acre if .Store I'rice, ami it for Cash .X'2. Mr. Kaveneaj^h has no doubt that the Climate of Ca|)e IJielon is to the hill as favourable, i)oth fi)r Health and Agricultural I'm poses, as any Part of the North American Provinces, A Census, taken in ISlf, gave the Population of the Island at about 8.(M»(» Mr. Kaveneagh thuiks its Aniouuf at the present Time does not exceed 17 or 18,U00. Price of Fall Mackarel I4v. per Harrel, put up lor West Indian Market. leuig within ( »i'K lUM rov. \|i|pi iiiln, l». N" J. INFORMATION obtained at Akicuat (Island oIMadami;), Sth .lime IS'jy. Mii. Luce, Deputy .Surveyor for liie .Southern District, from general Inform- - atioii, and from what he has seen, confirms the .Statement given by the colouring of the Map ; and, from his own Knowledge, is awan that the Lands from the St. Deny's to the Koad leading from Port Hood to Whvkoho- inah, containing about 50 or (iO.UOU Acres, are good and tit fbr Cultivation 1 he Iract below the .St. Deny to the Uoad leading from Ship Harbour to He.ui of St. (jeorge s Channel, and containing from 50 to (;(),U()() Acres, Mr. Luce Ins also been frequently over, and knows to be irood Laud. The Timbers on both these Iracts are Black Unch, Ikech, Sv.ine Maple, mixed in .some Places with Hemlock. Ihe Green on the Tract between the St. (Jeorge's Channel and tlio Lennox Passage, goes rather too low; it however contains about .>,()(»() Acres of good Land. In that Part, between St. (;eorge's Channel and St leter's, the Green should have l)eeu continued down nearlv to the Settlements' and contains .0 000 Acres of good Land. Of the large 'IVact. h ing between' the Bras d Or Lake; and that Part of the Ocean extending fiom'Cirand River to Gubanas Bay, Mr. Luce states, that the Part bordering on M'Nab's or the North-west Side of the small central Lake is not good, a few Marshes only excepted. From the South-east Side of the Lake, however, for Three Miles towards the Sea, the Land is good. With respect to the other Part of this Iract Mr. Luce is unacquainted. In going back beyond the Mountains in rear of Clietigan, is a Tract of good Land, and which extends in a southerly Direction to the Marguerite River. Mr. Luce considers the Hard Wood limbers of tins Island to be of a superior Quality to those of Nova Scotia Ihe Lands are mixed, there being no very large Tracts of very good or very bad, but those which are of good Quality are fully eiiual to any III Nova Scotia, that is, in reference to the Hard Wood Lands. Mr. Luce thinks an Increase of Ten or Twelve Bushels of Wheat from One would be an excellent Crop Irom any new Land in the Province, which includes Nova Scotia. P Mr. A| lipiidit, D. N(>. :i. ( 1 l\ CAPE BUKTON. A|i|>i''.» E S T I M A T K S. KSTI.MATI'lS of Exi'KNtK of establi>liiiiL; :i Family of Fivr PiTsoiis as hettleis in New nniii>ms. S. (Jlnard and Co.'s Tender ii> Sii|)|><»rl tliereol. /• S. 9. 10. ESTIMATE of tlie Kxpence tn be incinred in takirii^ ;•, Family of Five Fersons from Fiiglaml, and permanently eslublishing them on ItX) Aeres of Lanil in New Brunswick. liicatsm^D^UT^riL',!,,,,,,:...;! ( Trans|)()rt from Fnuiaiul - iVIedical Attendance and Comforts wliilst embarked j iuna,,i"'^^^^^^^^^^ I'rovisions fbr Fourteen Months Tools of Husbandry, and Domestic Utensils, as hereafter detailed - - ... Surveys - - .... Roads ... ... 1 IuIkZ-!!. I Transport from Place of Disembarkation - Cash fbr Cow, or to assist in putting up Hut Public Huildings ..... Clearinf; and fencing Thirty Acres of Land Seed Corn, ivc. (see Messrs. Cuuard's Tender) Add fbr Sundries ... £\G \l t. 1 .0 35 1(» 3 (i 3 .1 156 This Sum, divided amongst Five, will be ill 4n. tor each Individual. In addition to the above, there will be a Charge of abuut JCI,000 a Year Ibi the Settling Department in the Province. ■.STiMArr.s. Appendix. U. ,'f » M I, I : . :4 f* i ESTIMATES. A|i|)i'tjdix, E, ii) ( '"'0 ) LETTER R Sir, Halifax, l.-itli June 1827. IIkrkvitii I send you a List of Articles which you mentioned to me as likely to be wanted in any new Settlement of Emigrants that may be fbrmt-d. Should Security be rt'Cjuirt'il in London, Messrs. Buinbridge and Brown, of Bread Street, are our Agents, and will at all Times be ready to enter into the necessary Sev^uiity. I am, &c. (Signed) S. Ci;nabd. Colonel Cockburn. TENDER from S-Cunauij and Co., ILilifax, to furnish Provisions, Implement-s of Husbandry, Seed, &c'. Note,— This Estimate refers to the Items numbered 2, (!, and 10, in General Estimate. Sir, Halifax, l.ilh.Time I8i7. We will engage to snpi)Iy Rations for One Year certain, and tor a longer Period if required, for Two Thousand, more or less. Families, consisting of about Five Persons to each Family, to be deliveriul at any one convenient Harbour between Pictou and Miramichi, at your Option } the Ration to consist of as follows : S'f lbs. Prime Beef or Pork, at your Option 4 lbs. Indian Corn or Oatmeal, at Ditto 5 lbs. fine Flour .... 2 Pints Molasses ... 7 lbs. Potatoes, or Three Pints Peas - Per Week, as a whole Ration for an Adult. Averaging a Family to consist of Five Persons, and to be entitled to 2 whole Rations 1 Half Do. 2 One Third Do. -1 At the Rate of k/. Sterling per Day, in this . > Proportion of Rations for each Person in -} the Family. We also engage to supply the following Articles, at the Prices affixed thereto, in Sterling : ir),(X)0 Bushels of Potatoes, at • 2.?. per Bushel. 2,500 Do. Seed Wheat - - 5.v. (irf. — 4,000 Felling Axes, warranted • (is, each. 4,0(X) Hoes . . . 3s. ^ 2,0tXJ Sickles . ..!;.« 2,000 Scotch Spades • • 4*. 6(1. -^ 2,{X)0 Pots - . . - 3rf. per lb. 2,000 Bake Ovens . - . 3rf. — 2,000 Frying Pans - - - 4^^. — 2,000 Hand Saws (Cast Steel) - 5s. Od. each. 2,000 Augers - - . . 2*. — S,000 Gimlets of Sizes . . Sd. — 2,000 Pairs Hooks and Hinges - 'i^d. per lb. 2,000 Claw Hammers - - 1*. ()d. each. (■ Nails, 4''>' . . 8d. per lb. «4,000 lbs. J Do. 10" . . 5^d, — (Do. 20"' - . 5d. ~ t,000 Drawing Knives - - 3s. each. 12,0(X) Panes of7 X 9 Glass . 4*/. — 2,000 Grindstones . . . 2*. — (iO Whip Sews - - - 23s. — 30 Cross Cut Do. . - 23*. — 2,000 Large Common Tea Kettles 4s. — 80 Bushels Yellow Seed Com (Indian) • • ^.6d. per Iiii-,hel. It Sund Mon, Tucs Wt.f Thur Frida Satur Won Allowa nts, ;. •M led. . of the ( (il ) It is iiiKluistood that \\n> Otii lent at Home Ten per Cent, to he is siil)ject to the Appioxal nl Ills Majesty's - iiai wiis verier is siii)|ecl to tlic .\ppi()\ai of Ills iMa|est_\ > (ioveininent at Home; and shoiiUI il he appntved and at'terwards aliaiuloned, )e alioweil us to cover any Loss that «e may sustain in iTilliW'tiiwr PfLi'iV:,.!... i ,. ':sti,matk.s, -\p|it*iuli\, i',t nts rrer iUfr .'lit sist cd or llifjin, out entirely leaving,' to llis .\l;i|esty s d ol'any Uennineialion it may l)e thoii/^^ht til to alliird us. We are ready to enter into any Security that may he reipiiied, either here or in London. We liave to intrcat tliat tlie Decision of His Majesty's (Jovernment mav be connuuniealed to us at the earhest possible I'eriod, to eiial)U' us to make Our Arranwinents. n- • , , " M e na\e tlie liononr, iVc, (.Signed^ S, C'l NAUu and Co. LKTTER addressed to Lieut. Col. CocKBtniv by Messrs. HE.iTfiON, CAftTKB, and DovLs, previous to his leaving London. Stn, :i, ove Twelve Years, One Shilling; Women, Two Thirds, Kight-pence ; (Children under Twelve Years, Sixpence; Toiuiage 'Jl.v. 6d. j)cr Ton, and embarked in the Pro])ortion of Two Adults to Three Tons Register. Half Freight payable on sailing of the Ships, and the other Moiety on the Ueceipt of Certificates of safe Arrival at the Ports of Destination. ,,r , .1 ■ j We have the tiononr, &c. (Signed) Bkatson, Cahtkk, and DuNUii. ft RULKS to be observed in victualling Troops when embarked. Six Soldiers' Allowance, for every Day in the Week. Sunday Monday TucMlay Wti'nesday Thursday - Friday - - Saturday - IIKKAD, Pou.'ivW. 4 4 i 4 4 4 4 in: Kit, Cjullons, t>T \ I'iiils Sl'IIins, or l'itit.s WINE. 4 4 4 4 4 4 { lUKF, I'OKK, Pirct-s iif ' l*i*.'c*^ of H\t». 1 or *ll!^^. of riour. iiii.orsuii. ailtl III*, of 4lhii. I'KAS, rinlv O.tTMEAI., BUTTKR, Pint*. or M alxt^o I Puuik}*. CHKl-.SK, ) VINtUAIl. 9 2 2 3 9 V 6 WATEIl. S :1 Qr « - B .3f ct Wonitn are to be victualled at Three Fotirtiis of the above Allow uice, vud Childn.'U at Ou« Half of Womeu'i Allowance. — I'he olM)ve arc t« be nervnl out by full Wciirhts and .''fcaiiures. i 1 } 1 11 ii |! m ESTIMATES. A|i|ieii(li«, ¥.. f t-.' ) No. .1. asi r«'rciTc"«l <(; In Cii'iicntl E>limiiU\ Tools of Hi'siJANDHV ami DoMLsjiC UTKNSits. (2 Felling or Narrow Axes 2 Narrow Moes ..... 1 Sickle (IJIade) ... I Spade, Scotch - • 1 Iron Pot, Weifj;lit 'J'-'lhr.. I Hake Oven, WeifrhtiJl lbs. I TryinR I'aii - .... I Hand Saw (Cast Steel) 1 Auger, 1 and 1^ lucli, in equal Proportion I Gimlet - . .... 1 Set (if Hooks and Hinges 1 Claw Hammer ... I'i Pounds Nails, of Sorts ... 1 Drawing Knife . . . . .5 6 a 3 2 1 C, 6 2 « 2 1 () 4 .tS ti 3 No. 4. as referred to in Gener.il Ef^tiinate. For Roads. From the Sea Shore to Place of Settlement - i6m A Track from the IJend of the Peticoudiac direct to l{ichil)uctoo River, through the Centre of Settlement, at from ill to i I'J per Mile - t.00 O il.OOO This Sum, divided amongst Two thousand Heads of Families, would be Ten Shillings to each. No. 8. ill General Estiuiat'j. For SupEniN'TKNOKNT's Housi; and .Sroni;. Superintendent's House, which will contain the } Bushels of Seed, at 5*. (id. a Hushel, weigliiiifr tiolbs. - - ll Acre Potatoes ; 8 IJushels of Seeil, at '.'v. per Biisiiel - ...... 1 Acre Indian Corn; 1 Quart, at about (i.v. (Jrf. per bushel . - . . lO Hi il o IG 2; .£1 9 lU i.>nM \rEs. Appcmlix, K. i settling Dopiirlineiit, as iLftTred to in Gciicml Kstimato. Superintendent First Clerii Second Do. Two Issues, at d^O eacli £300 O 150 110 140 O 1 7(J0 Or for each Family 76. 0(1. C No. 1 . Srn, '^°- ^• T<, your Question » whether Settlers, at the End of F.vlt^it'^^H^I'l, ■ .le.o repay Government the Sums advanced on thei AcVom t It he R- e [ I'lve Pounds per \ear, until tlie Debt is repaid'" n.v Ren v is tl t tl. imiot bea Doubtunonth,. .S„I.;„,.f :.i'w' ■..'"> '^"ply 's, that there able .m-nt, for. as a disc-l.a^ed Soldier, /had not a I'S^ n nv iS^t F^ZZ lime of my arriving here I refpivcrl Dn,. V,..,..' u • ' ^ o'-^e:. i lom the I have, &c. (Signed) Jamks Young, To Col. Cockburn. &c. &e ''*"J''''"^ '''''^ ^'^'-^'' '^^'S'- Perth. Sin '^°' '^' .,f 1-...* 'p i » ■'>^"f,"''t Joi.'. X nave at this Moment, under Imi)i-nvf.m»Mf I am, &'j. To Col. Cockburn. &c. &c. ''^'^'"'''^ ^^''' M^^^^" Pertli. (. ^^ ) No. 3. IVrlli, I'ii|)or('aiia.l:i, f;;li July \^'27. I, John Dovam), a Settler of Lanark, located by Colonel Marshal in 1S'.>0, Six or Kight Weeks alter my Arrival at Qiieljec jliail then my Wife newly marrieil ; liatl no Money ; was one of tiie Lesinahai;ow Society. A\'oulii not now take One hnnilreil Foniuls for wiiat I have, which is I'wii good Cows, a two-year-old HeifL'r, a Yoke of good Oxen, Five Slieei), =' Nnmher of Swine, a Caiti One hinidretl Acres of Land, Fifteen of winch are cleared and a good Crop oil them. i,i'i'i;it I A\ \u\. A|>|iciiili\, K. No. I. P. one. S. I owe no one a I'l emu (Signed) receiveil any (Signed) .John Dos m.d. Assistance lioni any .loM\ Donald. No. k Sill, IVrlli, (itli.Iiilv I8l';. To your Question " whether .Settlers would he ahle to repay the (loverii- ment the Sums advanced on their Account at the Knd ol' Kive Years, at Five Pounds per Year ?" I answer, that it is my Opinion they would : and as a Proof I beg leave to state, for your further Information, that I was discharged from the late 10.'3(l Regiment, previous to that Corps leaving tliis Country, and was sent by the Quarter Mastt-r General's Department to this Settlement, where I received a (irant of Land, witii a Year's Provisions and Lnplements. I had not a single Shilling at the 'I'ime of my settling upon my Land ; but at the Fnd of Five Years my Property was worth i 100, having a Yoke of Oxen, Two Cows, a House and liaiii, with upwards of Twenty Acres cleareil. I am, &c. (Signed) W.m. Watson. Sergeant, late lO.'Jd Regiment. To Col. Cockburn, &c. &c. No. 5. Sill, I'erth, ith.Iiily 1S27. I WAS located in Lanark in the Year 1820, and had not One Shilling of a Cai)ital. 1 now have about Twenty-five Acres of Land cleared, One Yoke of Oxen, Two Cows, Two Calves, Nineteen Sheep, and Six Hogs, and am free of Debt, what I never could iiave been had I remained in my native Isle. I would not take less than i 150 for all my Property. „ . J ^ , , ,, (Signed) Henuy Hamaw. Received Implements, but no Rations. I do think that any Man would be able to repay the Amount advanced b^ Government to him, commencing at the End of t'ive Years, at the Rate of five Pounds per Year. T« Col. Cockburn, &^c. &c. fi : :- No. (). SlU, I'lrth, Cpper Canada, lltli Jiilv 1827. It is my Intenlioii to inform you, I entered this .Settlement on its Commence- ment, say in 18 Ki, witii my Wile aiiil a Family of Eight Children, tlij eldest being then but Twelve Years of Age, and but the small Sum of Four Siiillings and Sixpence was I possessed of. By the Assistance of Government in serving me with Rations, Implements, kc, 1 contrived, with Industry, to live, so that at the Termination of Five Years, I had Thirty Acres of Liiid uiuler Cultiva- tion, a Y'oke of Oxen, Four Milch Cows, and several Head of young Cattle, with Twelve Sheep, Hogs, &c. i<.c. ; the whole of which I at that Time valued at £l'l'>; and at present, having increased my Stock t(* 'I'wo Yoke of Oxen, » and Im 1 ij I) LPl Appendix, F. No. I. I'Kii cAVADA. aiiil N'inc'ti'cn otlicr lliatl ol' Horiic.l Cattli", Thirty Sliecp, Forty Hogs, ^c. ; i)iy Family hv\\)ie(l to Twilve ("liililieii, with my FatiiLT ami Mother in the House; that I therefore vahie my Property, Stock, &c. &c. kc. at tile lowest Kstimation this Day, to be ^.JUO H. Currency. I have, &c. (Signet!) John Tatlock. I do not hesitate to slate, tiiat any inchistrioiis I'ersoii would have it in his Power to be alike indepeiiiient in the Space of Five Years, and have it in }ii» Power to |)ay Five Pounds without any Inconvenience. To Col. C'ockhiii n, v\c. &c. No. 7. SiH, tialliirii, fiili .till) lH-27. In answer to your Question, if a Person sent out by (Jovernment to tlii* f'oinitry, and furnishetl witli .Money to set him fairly a<;oing on a Farm, would be able to connnence mil repay the .Amount at the Hate of jL'.'i ])er Year in Produce; I certainly say, yes. I hase been in tliis t'onntry Eleven Years, and have now about Forty-seven Acres cleared, a Yoke of Oxen, Four Cows, Six young Cattle, Twenty-six Slice]), besides Pigs, I'oidtry, kc. ; and I con- sider my Farm at this Moment worth at least ^^'^.50, aiitl the Stock .i I;3(>. When I came to this Country I had nothing, and only received Uations for One Year. (Signed) \Vm. Oi.ky. No. 8. Sir, llalliiirst, 4lli July Ifii7. In answer to your Q,;estion, if Settlers at the F:xpiration of Five Years would be able to jmy to Government the Sums advanced to them, at the Rate oi' jeri per Year, uiitd the whole is repaid, I beg leave to state, that I have not the least Doubt but they would be able so to ilo, especially if the Amount is taken in Produce. As an Instance, I beg to say, that 1 was discharged from the Canadian Feiicil)les,aMd sent on my Land with i(i, and I have iiow^Twenty- five Acres of cleared Land, a Y'oke of Oxen, Two two year-old Heifers, Two Yearf fearlings. Two Spring Calves, One Horse, Twentv Sheep, besides Pigs, Poultry, &c. ; and I consider my Farm Stock worth at least M'QoO; ami I (eel that any industrious Man may do as well. Imleed some of my Neighbours, who have better Lots of Land, are more Hourishing. I am, &c. , (Signed) JosKi'H Legai.v. 10 Colonel Cockburn, &c. &c. &:c. No. y. '*'•'"' Ranisav, fiih July IHi!*. In answer to your Fiuiuiry respecting my Property, and if 'l consider that a Settler wouUl be able at the Kiid of Five Years to commence repayin-r to Government the Amount they might advance him ; provided it was Proihice I have not the least Hesitation in saying, that any Person would be able to do 80 With the greatest Lase. I came to this Country in ISaJ from Ireland, under the Charge of .Mr R,, bmson, and received Rations for One Year. I have now, with the F:\ertions of myselt and Son clearest upwards of Twenty Acres of Land, and have a Yoke ot Steers; I'lve Milch Cows, 1 wo Yearlings, besides Pigs, Poultry, &c.. ami I consider my Lot and Crop worth at least .^yoo; add to this I am liapnv and contenteu. "•' I am, &c. (Signed) Michael CoRKEiiy. ( «!< > No. 10. Sin, H:»ms,iy. (llli July \^2T. I i)K() to inform you that I came to this Country with Mr. K()l)inson, and have now al)()iit Twenty Acrt's clcaruil, a Yolxu of StiiMs, One ("ow, Three Calves, rigs, Poultry, iVc. i thil not receive Itations i anil am well contenteil with my Lot, and consider it worth J. 100. I am, ;s:c. lii-. (Sif»ni(l) .I.^MEs X Shkii.. M.rl.. I rrr.ii « an adv. A|)|)en(liii, K. No. I. No. 11. Sm, H.iiiisit, Mil July If'.';. I CA.ME to this Country from Ireland with Mr. Kohinson. atul received Rations for One ^'eur;and I have now Seven Aeres cleared, a Yoke of Steers, a Cow and a Calf; and I certainly do think that an industrious Man may repay to Government the Kxpeiice attending his Location, anil if they do not require it to he |)aid sooner than Five Years, and then hy Instalments in I'ro. duce at ^.5 per Year ; and 1 do consider my i'arm worth now i XO. I am, kc. (Signed) CoKNKi.iis X 11 van. Mark. No. 12. Srn, Hains;iy, til li July 1HJ7. In- answer to your Enquiry I heg leave to say, that I have not the least Douht but that any industrious Man may be able to re|)ay to Ciovernment the Expence inciu-red by placing him on Land, provided Produce is taken, and comnienced at the End of Five Years, at the Kate of ^5 per Year. I came to this Country with Mr. Rol)in.son in lS'.i.3, and have at this Time Twenty-six Acres cleared, a Yoke of Steers, Four Years old, One Cow, Two IleiVcrs, Two Steers, and Pigs, Poultry, &c. I am well pleased and happy, and would not ta';e .i'lOO for the Lot, independent of the Stock, &c. I am, &c. Ici» (Signed) P.ATiiirK '>< Hai.v. .Mark. \o. 13. Sir, Perth, Upper Canada, lOili July IS.'". In answer to your Question.; relative to Settlers, I beg leave to state, for your Information, that most of tiie Settlers who were located here Ten Years ago are now prosperous and contented, with from Twenty-five to Sixty Acres on an Average cleared Land, and possessed of a Yoke of Oxen, from Two to Four Cows, from Six to 'i'en young Stock ; Pigs, Poultry, &c. in projjorlion j and many, a Pair of Horses. With respect tiJ Settlers, to whom His Majesty's Government may advance Money, being enabled at the Expirritiou of Five Years to conuuence repaying the Money so advanced, at the Rate of M.'t per Annum, I have not the slightest Hesitation in saying, that every Settler who may be located in ordinary Land can do so with Ease, particularly as Produce will be taken ; and I do not think there are at this Moment, in the Military Settlements, Twenty Individuals but were jjiepared to |)ay that Sum or more. In my Neighbourhood, and within my own Observation and Knowledge, ma "the discharged Soldiers and Emigrants have purchased an additional 100 Hcres, or when tliat could not readily be accomplished, taken on Lease the Clergy Reserves. I have, &c. (Signed) Ciiuisroriii;ii J. Bkli,, J. V. l\ -i . U\l ? irrni ( awda. A|>|)enili», V, No. I . ( •>» ) Nt). I k Sin, •*"'•'• 7''' •'"!> 'W. I iu;(j Icnvc to (lirwaril you a Iletiirn of the Birtlis, kc. that have takt-ii jtlacc in this I'ait oC thi' \lilil.iiv Sittk'mfnts, from thi- Vcur 1810 up to the jircsi'iit IVrioil. I shoiihl have wished to liavt^ f'orwanleil a more accurate .Statement, l)ut the Shortness of the Time prevented me from so (loinjf. I would, however, remark, that the List I now send inchiiles only that Part of the Settlement that comes under the innnediale Ohservation of the Minister* of the ditferent Deiionpiiutinns residin;; in Perth. On the Siihject olvciu' laupury, whether I think that Kmi<^rants, heinj;; sent out at the Kxpenee of (i()\ernment, anil receivinji finther Assistance from them, will he aiih to refimd iji anniinl I'avments of" Five Poinids, after tiii* F.xpiration of I'ive ^'ears from the 'J'iiiii- the) are located, [ have no Hesitation in f^ivinj; my Opinion that I think they could, provided they .uc iiulustrioux, and situated on f^ood Land. As one of the Ministers of the Kstablisheil t'inirch in this Country, I have had many Opportimities of remarkiiif; the gradual Improvement of the Emigrants residing in this Quarter, and 1 have no doubt that the greater Number of them vvoidd willingly liave comi)lieil, if such Terms were iield out to them upon their coming out to Canada, if I may judge from the prosperous Condition they are now in. I remain, &c. (Signcil) M. H.vnujs. Unptisni*. MiirtiagCA. Dentil*. Kpiscopalians PrnbyierlMi* • • Roman Catholic* 1)030 37S 273 157 72 53 { ■ ■{ From I8lh October 18l9, tu the prcsem I'l'tiod. From »8it) October 1817, |(> the present Period. From |6tfi April leSD, tu?tb July i»i!7. No. 15. StR, _ Vtnh. 9ih July Iti27. In answer to your Question, I beg leave to state that I came to the Perth Settlement at nearly the Connnencement, and fron) the Way that I have got on myseiti I have not the least Hesitation in saying that a Man placed on a Lot of Land, luider the same Circumstances as those of this Settlement were, will be able to commence to pay back the Anioiuit advanced on his Account at the End of Five Years, payable in Produce. My own Lot with Stock, &c., was worth i 150 at the End of Five Years. I am, &c. (Signed) Ja»i£s Feucuson. Colonel Cockburn, &c. &c. No. Ift. Sm, Ferti., 9ih Jul, isar. FuoM my own Experience I know that a Man placed on a Ltit of Land, with the same Advantages which the Perth Settlers liave had, will be able, at the End of Five Years, to commence paying back the Amount advanced on his Account, at the Hate of Five Poimds per Year in Produce. I came to this Settlement in ISI7. I did not get Rations from Government, and I had no Money of my own, but went out to work occasionally. At the End of Five Years I had a good deal of Produce to spare ; and since, I have purchased an additional Lot of Land, for which I paid Thiity Pounds in Cash; and my Property at present is very valuable. I am, &c. (Signed) Dunca.n M'Larkn. I>ertli. 7tli h-U 182;. !icc. that Imvi' tukcii cnr 1810 up to the (I ;i more acciirutc : from so (loinjj. I s only tliat Part of III of the Minister.4 nigrants, heiiiji; sent ler Assistance J'roin • I'oiiiuls, iitk-r tlie ', liave no llesitiitioil lu-y are iiulnstrioiix, of the Kstabhslieil i of lemarkiiii; the (Quarter, and I have ly have fomi)lieil, if to Canada, if I may .'main, &c. M. H.vnui^. I8lh October 18l9, the iirosctit I'l't'iod. tStli Octolmr t8l7t the present i'crioi). I I6tti April leSD, 7tb July iHi!7. Vtnh, 9ih July IS27. came to the Perth ay that I have got a Man placed on a lis Settlement were, :ed on his Account .^ot with .Stock, &c., ic. M£S FeUCUSON. Fertlv 9ih July IS2". a Lot of Land, with d, will be able, at nonnt advanced on ice. I came to this tient, and I had no At the End of T'ive have purchased an t in C'ashi and my ICAN M'LaRKN. ( '■-;* ) Xo. 17. >Slll, iVrlli. •nil ,?,ih is::. In answer to your Question, J beg leave to say, that f am one of the Lanark Settlers, and, from the Manner I have got on tnysilt'. I have everv Hcimmi to believe that an industrious Settler would be abli- tu eoniniencf paving back the Amount advanced on lua Account, at the Jtate ot' five rounds a Year, in I'rodtJce. 1 am, iic. (Signed) J»Mi..H LiMiHW. I I'l'i It ew \i<\. A|'|ieiiitlx, V, Xm. I. Xn. IH. •^I". I'lTtll, illli .Inly IS.7, I.v answer to your Question, wlietlu 1 a Man. placed on a Lot of Land under the same (.irciim^tances as the Perth Settlers were, will, at the Ijid of five Years, be able to commence paying back the .Imoiiiit advanced on his Account, at the Kate of i'ive Poii'iids a Year, in J'lodutr, I certainly think an industrious Man ran. I was one of the first Settler^ that came lu're. and before the Liid of the Fifth Year i Jiad more than ioa l{u-,hcls o(' Wheat t(» sjiaie. I Iiavc made extensive imiirovemeni^ on my Land, besides puichasiii!; Huadilitional lMt,L'oi- which 1 paid J.<)Oin Cash. I am, kc. (Signed) John (Jiikenby. 10 Col. Cotkburn, &c. &c. Xo. 1!>. Sir, I'eriii, yii, j„u inj;. Is- answer to your Question, I beg lea\c to state, tliat I have been one of the first of tlie Pertli Settlers, and, tiom the Vay that I have got on invseli", I have not thf least Hesitation in saying, that an "industrious Man, placed on a Lot of Land, with the same Advantages which we have had, will lie able, at tho End of Five Years, to commence paying Iiack the Amount advanceU on his Account, at the Kate of Five Pounds per Annum in Produce. My Pro^jcrty, at the End ol Five Years, was worth x\UiO. I am, iic. (Signed) William M'I'iierson. No. 'JO. SiH, IVrll.. null July !•.;;. Captain M'Millan having requested to know my Opinion as to whetJier Settlers, on coming to Canada with the same Advantages as tliose who first were located by (iovernment in the Perth Si'ltiement, could, at the F'aid of Five Years, begin to repay the Advances niailc tiiem, by yearly Instalments of t5, I have no Hesitation in saying, that I think they could with great Ease, provided such Payment was to be made in Produce, and Emigrants placed on good Lots of Land. During a Kesidc-nce of Nine Years in tiiis Settlenunt, I have remarked that, in about Five, an industrious F'armer mav call hiiii.self independent ; at any rate, he will be able to raise Abundance of Food, and may, without any Inconvenience, spare a small Pro|)oition of liis surjilus Produce at a fair Price. IJut much depeinU upon tlie Quality of the Soil, and the Disposition of the Settler, (Signed) .?. A. MuRDot k. Post Master, Lanark. ) I U I. *, K% .9u \'%^s% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^/ Cp. J/. % 6?, 7.i /. 1.0 I.I 1.25 y 12^ us u lAO l|2.5 1.8 1-4 ill 1.6 Phptpgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,<^ z I ( 70 ) UPPER CANADA. Appendix, F. No. I. No. 21. Sir, Perth, 9th July 1827. Having been applied to by Captain M'Millan to state my Opinion as to the Ability of Settlers, after a Residence here of Five Years, to reimburse Govern- ment for the Expence of locating them on their Land, I am decidedly of Opinion, that an industrious Man, on a good Lot of Land, can easily pay £5 a Year in Produce, after the first Five Years. But the Land that has come under my Observation varies much in the Quality of the Soil, from very good to very bad. My Opinion, therefore, only refers to the good Land. I know many Families that can barely support themselves on bad Land. I am, &c. _ , , ^ . , (Signed) John F. Elliott» Colonel Cockbnm, &c. &c. &c. ■f4r b- S"l» Perth, Upper Canada, 9th .(idy 1827. In answer to your Question, I beg leave to state, that I have been a constant Observer of the Manner that the Settlers of the Perth Settlement have got on from almost the Commencement of the Settlement ; and from what has come under my own Knowledge, I have not the least Hesitation to give it as ray Opinion, that a Man, placed on a Lot of Land with the same Advantages as enjoyed by the above-mentioned Settlers, will at the End of Five Years je c^^° ^^g'" ,*° P^y ''^^^ the Amount advanced on his Account, at the Rate ot l — — — - — 1 Lanark 32,01-1 2,939 — — — — — — 1 — — — 3 — Raiussy • 2.-.,; 18 2,09.5 — — — — — — — — — — S 1 North Sherbrooke 5,08ri 321 — — — — — — — — — — — — Dalhomic - 18,1/-/' 1,903 — — — — — — — — — — 1 — fioulboiirn 37,233 3,181 22 9 1 — — - — 2 3 1 1 March 16,881 916 — — — — — - — — 1 4 ' — Nepean - - 9.789 909 16 — 4 — — — 2 - 1 — — Hmitloy - 16.472 858 — — — — — — - — — — 1 — I'aekenham • - .1,764 330 — — — — — — — — — I — i'itzroy 12,321 449 6 3 — — — — — — — J — Total - 274,C47i 26,35,H 66 12 3r) 9 5 1 9 4 13 32 17 2 Torbolton, M'Nab, South Sherbrooke, Horton, Darling, and Levant, have not been assessed ; the Township < 3f Torbol ton was 1 ast Y« ar; a ud M •Nab, that contai ns a Poi)ul ition of more than <^00 Souls, has been neglected. (Signed) G. H. Reabe, Clerk of the Peace, Bt. Dt. ( m ) TJrPKR Canada. Appendix, F. No. 9.^eonSnued. ITABLI FhOPERTV in the UaTHUBST Disiiik r. lor the Year 1827. Mtit-j. 1 o s t- < u Stonb 1 OxtM, 4 V'eari | old and upwards, j i Milch Cuwi. Horned CATTtr.. from 2 to 4 Yean vid. W*cr.oN., kepi fiif I'leHsiirc, Ratb IVniid, Ahovnt of AiKltMCKT. Amovmt tuU COlltcTCD. h c ll 1 lloKbtS 1 IloRStS, 3 Vear« old and upward*. i _2 iii ciB'r I;; -5 "E. < u bl as O for covering Mnres for 11 ire or Giin. £ : d. it. *: 1. ti.\ 1 9 25 1 — ' 9 — I 79 386 523 32M .i 1 19.284 ti , W» 7 Ui — __ __ 4 — 2 2 — AH 274 &4G 327 - — 1 15, 8(52 16 00 1 lOj — .— 1 — t — 24 323 425 183 - — I3,C9I IC .'.7 II J — ^ ^ 3 — 1 1 — — 9 213 395 275 — — 12.515 16 52 2 111 — — . ^ 2 ' 1 3 — — 9 153 293 221 — — 10,083 12 42 3^ — _ — „ — — — — — 32 53 40 — I,fifi5 6 18 9 — _ — 1 — — — — — 3 112 224 199 — — 7.031 8 29 5 14 - 2 3 1 1 1 fi — — 45 223 421 IC9 — — 15.472 12 6t 9 4^ - 1 4 — — — — — 15 57 82 31 — — :;,IC7 16 21 10 7J . 1 — — 2 9 1 — 30 83 102 34 — •- 6,578 16 27 8 2} — — _ 1 — — — — — 16 71 154 C5 — — 5,241 8 21 16 94 - — — I — 1 - — — 2 27 62 34 — — 2,076 16 8 13 0} - — — J — o - — — 15 65 52 44 - — 3,975 4 IC II 3A 17 2 II 34 ' 1,921 3,332 1,9.")3 3 1 118,647 15 191 7 3i 4 13 32 1 305 ot been iissessed ; [)ulalion of more CertifieJ to be correct, ami agreeing Office. (Signed) witli the Assessor's Returns a G. H. Ueade, Clerk of tlie Pea s filed in my ce, Dt. Dt. Pe. ice, Bt. Dt. I il ( 7* ) F. No. 3. ^ I " Vntn CANADA. Appendix, F. Nu. 3. rOPY oFaLETTEnfroni Miifnr TlTT.i.Trn to Colonel ('ocKncRV. M V DKAB Vomsr.U (..ncn.nuMa House. I Ul. July Ifli7. 1 sKvn, as vo.i ri'(ii.estc(l, a luinio.l Sketch ol tiuit Part ot the 1 lovuice you pointed out ;'hy niei.ns of it yo>. will be enal.lea to transfer to your own Map the InfoiMii;itii;n von desire. . . „ , i 13 „* ti.„ To the Kast of that Tract an explonn^ Party lately proceeded, at the Instance of Mr. Peter Robinson, and they passed thronfrJi tlie Country (about Twenty Miles hack) in rear of the surveyed I'urt of the Newcastle IJistriC. Tiieir Uei)ort is jrenerally that tlie Land is very rocky, and hi.t li very small Portion of it tit i'or Cultivation. * ,^ , r- i 1 1 In the Ottawa District, Townships ot Clarence, Osgoode, CumberlamI, Gloucester, and, perhai.s, in all the Townships of the District, may be found a iroo.l many Lots ungranted, but none lying together in large 1 racts, so as to be easily superintended. The T.act purchased of the Indians in 1825, in rear ot the London and Western Districts, contains 1,870,0(K) Acres, ot whtch 1,000,000 are to be assigned to the Canada Company. , rn^,^. To the Hear (Northward) of this Purchase, there may remam from I,jOO,000 to 2,000,000 of Acres, which are not yet purchased from the Indians, said tO be ofgood Quality, but the Situation very remote. . , , r.i. w 1 On the engraved Map, the Route of Canal laid down is that of the Work now constructing under Colonel By, with very few Deviations. ^ If you will send me from Quebec a Memorandum of any thing else you wish for, 1 will send it Home to vou at the Colonial Office. I rcntaii), &c. (.Signed) J. Ilit-MEB. To Colonel Cnrkhiirn. CO in( op to of O '|; 'til ( 75 ) UPPKU \Mi LOWEE CANADA. COl'V Siu, F. No. 4. ,f,i I.iuku from Messrs. (iu-LKsPiE, MorrATT, andCo.* til Colonel CocKDOBN. Miiiitre:it, Ifiiti July •**»'• VVVTA WF'bcc leave to subjoin the Rates at which we think Flour a.ul Poik asu eoukl' have been snppliea this Year at the annexed Stat.ons, had Arrange. toWEUCANAD*. nen been made for'providing the same during Wmter ■"'"- '>'*^:^,«';, ' « — opening of the Navigation, the Holders of those Articles l.egm to ^^ ^ '- " to Lower Canada, and any considerable Demand thereater made at any of the liightr Stations, would of course materially enhance the Prices. We are, &c. (Signed) GitJ-Espir, MorFATT, & Co. Colonel Cockbtirn. Aiifirnilii. F. Nu. 4. Lake St. Cliiire - Amherstl)uii;li - Port Tnlbot - Niagara Burlington Height* York - port Hope Cobourg Carrying Place Belleville Kingston • Brockville Prescott - • Cornwall Montreal • Quebec Hue Flour, |wr |iarrclun»filtn. Net Prime Tori, iitt Barrel ul'.'Ol lbs. Nel. Ilalifal Currency. I'jsCid. tn I5i> 15$. to ns.Gd. lis, to ns.CiL I7«. 6d. to 20s. 255. to 27s. 6d. 26i.3(/. »o28s.9(/. 45f. to 50*. SO), to SSt. 50«. lu SSit 55i. to 6Qt. eSi. to 70s. 70j. to 12s.€d. Unccruin. 2$. to if, $d. i$. to 'it.6J. it.eJ. to 2a.9J. 3s. 9il. to if. is. to is, 3J. It is desired to observe, that last Winter was a Season of Depression with lesptct to the Value of all Kinds of Grain in the Interior. Avfrage Bates of Frei<:ht from Montreal to Quebec .• ^lour - - - ' 9d. per Barrel. Pork - - . - Is. per Do. Pgas . - - . . Srf. per Busht'l. (}., M., & Co. il'i » PI f i\ i! J I J vmn. AND lAWen CANADA. No. 4. ( 76 J EXTRACT of a Letter from Messr».JoHN M'I'heusu.v and Ll).» tu Colonel CocKBVBM. I«lb Juljr 1827. Our Rates for Conveyance of Settlers from the Port of Montreal to Prescott in Vppct Canada, until the latter Kitd of August next, would In; as foJJows, viz. : A Family of One Man, Orif Woman, and Three Children, one of the latter an Adult • - • j£l Lnggage, j)cr Cwt. • - . . - At the above Rates, we should expect to pass the La Chine Canal, and Locks at Cascades, Split Rock, and Coteau dii LpiMiili», F. No. 4. ( 77 ) we can yet only nay, that our lat«<«t Etii opean Advicr* are to tiie 17''I< Jamtiry, vntn and tliey dt> not present any remurkahle or decisive iVaturci wlii'rrby we anu can draw such fiivoiiiiihU' IntiTeiici-s ;w wc coiilil wisli ; but tlio Si'iisoii being LOKi.Ki'ANADA* now nearly at band, wlien active Operations in Lonnneriial Ibi^iiiess in this Conntry commence, we deem it necessary to form as corri'ct an Opinion m our Sources of Information will permit, and coininuiiicate it ta our i'riends _ and (Jistomers: and altliougli it is painful to advert to the past Year's Transactions, which ha\e been attendeil witli ahno>t one continued Scene of Anxiety and Alarm, ami in many Cases seri(»us and ruinous Losses, yet we trust that the worst is over, and that we can [)erceive leturniug CV»ihdet>ce« and aaie and moderuteiy profitable iiusiuess, iu prospect. AsHF.s, — The very heavy Export in 18'2.7, and the limited Consumption, compared to former Years, (owinj^ to the deranged and distressed State of the Manufacturing; Districts,) suiKciently accounts for the low Prices and jj;reat Losses sustained by Siiippcrs of Ashes to Hnj^land, and consequently the uncommon low Prices at which Ashes ()])eiied iiere in the Sprinj: of 1H'J(), and continued during the whole Season ; ami althouj;h the tailing olf in the make and in Shipments, during the last Y'ear, was about ','().<)(K) IJarrels from Canada alone, yet the Stocks seem heavy on hand in I'ngland, and I'rices tlo not advance, as was by many conritlently antici|)ated ; and unless they do soon take a favourable 'I'urn and attract Notice, we cannot hold out e\en sa\ing Prices to the Maker on this Siiic. 'I"he (Quantity now iu this Market is nt)t One Third the usual Supply at this Season of tiie Y'ear, and we think we shall be safe in saying, that the whole Canada Export of IS'27 will not exceed .i(t,OUO a' 3,j,0l)0 Barrels, against lO.OOO Hanels in lH'J(i, and about (ifi.UOO in \H'25. The Duty of Fifteen ])erCent. levieil on Ashes coming from the United State* to Canada, altiiough a moderate Estimi>te is placeil on them, yet amounts to S7i a' $ !) per Ton, which is about eipial to the Advantages tiiat Shippers have in sliij)ping Ashes liom Canada o\ er New York ; and thus in eU'ect hoUls out no Inducement for American Ashes to come this Way ; but we have great Hope and good Reason to believe, that this Duty will soon be removed alto- gether, or greatly reduced, thereby giving this Market a decided Preference over New York, or any other United States Market. I'lie present Price of Potashes is '2is. a' 'il.v. tir/., and Pearls U6.f. a' '.'Cs. (kl. ; and we expect by the Month of May or June to see the former at 'iOs, a' ^Is. (id., and tiie latter at Q8s. a' 30.S, Sai,tki) PiiovisioNS. — The great apparent Inducement helil out, by a Know- ledge that, after the 5th January ISyG, salted Pork and Heef could not be legally imported in Barrels into Canada from the United States, caused exces- sive Exertions to get in as much as possible before that Period, and the Imj)ort was much too large for the Demand; consequently a Number of 'J'housanu Barrels of the Pork inspected in 1 any Place, (and WWfcUfiiMADA. there is no other here at present.) an.l wc have no iloiiht will besaleaheat these Rates, after Shippini,' arrives. ¥n sh I'ork m the t areas* nel!* readily at Aypendit.F. j j,» .-A f ^nts i)er I'onnil, according to Quality and WeifrJit ; and a Rood many . *' °' *• Droves oCSwine have been slaufihtered and parked liere ; yt. speaking compa. — fativelv. the (^lanlily on Iiaiid is limited, and shoidd we have the usual or an utnisuarKxpoit IK'niand, the IViee must advance, lor the (;overnment require lar"-e Supplies for the Tn)oi)s and the People wiio are lo be employed on the Kideau Canal, they iiaving already coutrarled lor 'i.lOO J'.arrels of Fork, and tlic same Quantity of I'lour; the ( uuntry t'onsuuiption besides wdl also be considerable, but not so lar<;e iis usual, owing to the Kuin of most of the Liim- ber.men last Year, who when successful consumed an innnenso Quantity ot pork. As our Friends in lljiper Canada, tjenerally, may not understand so well the diflL-rent Grades of I'ork, and Manner of puttinj,' up to meet the Law of Inspection lierc. we take the Liberty to remind them, that Mess Pork consists of the thickest Side Pieces alone of the fattest and largest Hogs, and even the Flank or Iklly Part rliould not be put in; '^()U lbs., in Pieces of la' (> lbs., each, should be packed in a llarrel j Prime Mess, or One Hog, admits Two Half Heads, the Snouts cut oH" near the Kyes, Two Legs, (the Legs cut otf above the (iambrel Joint.) Two Shoulders, and the Residue, to make 'J(K) lbs. of good Side Pieces; Prime Pork admits Three Half Heads, Three Legs, Three Siionlders, and good Side Pieces to make up 'JOUlbs. ; am! Cargo Pork admits Three or Pour Half Heads, Three or Four Legs, the same Number of Shoulders, and Side Pieces to make up '200 lbs. The Rarrels should be made ot the best seasoned White Oak, to contain Thirty Gallons, should be hilly iiooped with Walnut Hoops, if possible, and so neatly and well made as not to lose tlie Pickle. GiiMN. FTOtru. .\sv Meal.— The Price of Flour, generally, last Year was rather low, Supeitinc, y5i-. ; Fine, '2'2s. Cul. ; Middlings, '20,v. ; and in some Instances, at forced Sales, for Cash, -J.v. M. per Barrel less was submitted to ; but towards the Close of Navigation, a wiy animated Ueinaiid existed for a lew Days, and Prices run up to 30.s. lor Superrine j ','(i.v. 3f/. a' 'JS.v. '.)//. for Fine, aiui ♦»,0.v. for Middlings and rejected. This Demand, however, abated, and entirely ceased the Moment that the Shipping had left the Country ; and ever since there has been little or no Demand, the IJakers having more generally supplied themselves by buying Wheat, and getting it ground, which they could do at less than '25.<. for fine Flour. The Stock now in Market is l)y no means large, and is held at '2,j.v. a' '2()s. for Fine, and •■27.S. Cxi. for Superfine ; and we look with some Confidence for an extensive and animated Demand as soon as the Naviga- tion opens at fair (though not high) Prices. We think SuperHne will open at «t),v. ;i'l. a' yy.v. iul.-, Fine at 2'>s. a' 2(}S. ; Middlings at'i05. a' '2ls. 3d. ; and that these Prices will be maintained during April, May, and a Part of the Month of June ; and it is not improbable that some choice Brands, neatly made, and clean Barrels, may occasionallv command l.v. a' 'J.v. higher. It would be well if Millers and Country Dealers in Flour would be more particular in the Quality and external Appearance of their Barrels ; and it would be of the greatest Importance also to the Character of the Flour, if Storers and Forwarders would be more careful about Exposure to the Sun and Rain. As Upper Canada, from her Climate and Soil, is capable of growing the very best Quality of Wheat, and, at no distant Period, ought to supply 100,000 Banels of Flour annually for Export, it should be considered of the utmost Importance to give a tirst-rate Character to the Article in Foreign Markets ; this can onlv be done by having the best Mills, with Maciiinery complete, for taking out" all the Sm.it and other foul Matter, and cooling it properly before it is ])ackeil ; then the Barrels should be maile of the best White Oak seasoned Timber, and the Heads fastened with Lining Hoops; some of the Bilge and Chime Hoops shou'd be nailed, then carefully banilled by the Storer and Forwarder, ami not exposed too much antl too long to the Sun and Rain. To Gentlemen in Upper Canada, who contemplate erecting Flouring Mills, we lecoinniend them to see and examine one (Messrs. C. & J.^M'Donald, of Gananogue) now in full and successful Opera- tioii, the l'"lonr from which is not inferior to tlie best that ever caaie to this Market from any Quarter. 8 KiliN Atiix'iiilia, F, No. 4. , ( 70 ) Kiln*iirieil Corn Mcul will be in dvtnaiiil ilu> cmiiing .S«jR<>n fiir Kitpirt, and rprrn might possih!y lie an()!)icct tor some of tfie Upper t'aniuiian*, m wtll a^ and AnuTi-uUM, to iiiuki' trial of tlii contain K(M>U)». Meal, tl»e I'ackam'^ •ilioiilil Ite niaiK' of tin- Ih'si •(eatoiu'i! White Oak, t'lear of Sap, ami siiitahlf for liiiiu II'>jj>.tii'a(U, haviiij; l\mt Iron Iloops liesiiles the necessary WoodiMi Hon])*; if piiek! il ia llairels, tiu'V tlioiiKl be of the onlitiary Si/e ami SI, ape lA' Mt)iir nairels, aiul shoiiM eoiitain KiS Ihn. Meal. We think lio^'sheuiis ol Meal will >ell at S i; a' '.>(>, and liarieU at S :^ a' S I. The Duty payahle on Mom- i-t .'>.v. Steilinj», iitui on Meal ',».«. I'ut, Sterling, on I'JG lbs,, wiien impoited into t'.niiula iVoiij the I'niteil State*. From the late Aeeonnts from Kn>;litnil, it tloes nut ap|)eiir to u\d. a' (irf. Lard has been anil is now^ in fair Demand at .V/. in large, and ,0A(/. a' (if/, in small Packages. 'J'aliow has maintained a fair I'rice, .at d^d. w^^^d. Clieese, .'V/. a' C)d. as in (quality. The best smoked Hams .Or/, a' Id. per lb. ; there are as many ciued here as to meet the Demand, and we cannot reconnnend their being sent from any Distance to this Market, as tliey so soon perish in hot Weather. W'e do not see any great Kncouragcment that we can hold out to Lumber and Stave Dealers; yet, as but a comparatively i.mall Quantity is jjreparing for Market this Year, il is to he hoped, that those who from Necessity laid up their Stocks in Quebec last Tall, may realize liiir Prices in the Spring. '!• Dr^ifts on London — —New York ivjid Boston 8 a' t) per f'ent. Premium. 1 a' '-' ditto ditto. We annex Prices of some leading Articles of Merchandise, as also of the Imports and Kxports via Quebec, for the Year 18'J(i; and tendering nur .Services, as Agents and Commission Merchants, we lemain, Your obedient Servants, HoKATrO (lATES & Co. Phices CuiiiiENT of the following Goods. Jamaica Spirit* Lecwiiid Isliuu! ditto Cogiiiac Uraiuly - Bordeaux ditto Rectified Whiskey Mii*e. Siig.ir Uediied Loaf ditto Tw.inkiiy Tea • Hjson Skirj Young liysoil - Hyson Souchong liohca 4.?. 0(1. 3s. •.ill. Cs. {)(/. 5s. 0(/. is, %(l. 50s. a Cs. ll(/.a' 3s. 0(/. a" 'Js. lOrf.a' ts.7 ) il:ll I L nn.n t.0W£ltl.\Nil04. Aiiiit'iiilin, V. No. 4. IMPORTS AND £\ POUTS FOR IH'26. IMPORTS. IS9 00 as 44 VS7 T« /S4 US 33 i 140 2!)fi 4 17 759 3S4 269 4G7 196 9 64 10 1 30 52 221 3 2 251 123 1 192 74 3,230 128 2 7,207 628 123 7 2 1 43 12 1,088 276 3,636 696 192 71 66 ;<8 44 299 19,952 890,783 Pi 'iMwlciniWrine. i :l n,4i ,058 Gailonit. 'S-TcneriSe, Sl,St2 GuUont. :! Spanyii 1 1G,270 Gallons. - \ Sicilian, 65,389 Oalioiit. :} Hhds. • QuurtiT Caiki Cki. Sc Cat. • Pipe* Hhds. Quarter Casks Cks. 8c Coi. Pipes nhcU. Quarter Caikt Ckit. & Ca«. Ilutts - Pipes Hlids. Ct.s & Cm. Pipes Flhds. . Quarter Casks Pipes • Hhiis. Cask Pipes Hhds. . Cks. & Cas. Puns. Kegs pipes Hiids. Cask Pipes Hlids. Puns. Hhds. - Casks Puns. Hhds. Casks Puns. Hhds. Cosk Cks. 8c Cos. Hampers Cks. Molasses, 100,975. Casks Refined Sugar, 229,'>42lbs. Casks Bags - - ' •} Casks - Hags - Casks Leaf Tobacco, 77,601 lbs. Kegs - . - -^ ^""^^ " " " I Maniifacturetl Tobacco, 11,2 If. lbs. Italian, 8:580 Galioni. . \ French, 8,476 Gallons. ■]. Whiskey, 241 Golloni. - I Brandy, 37,3S6,Gnllon». 'l-Gin, 25,330 Galloni. - ijamoico Rum. 350,885 Gallon*. L. I. Rum, 793,349 Gallons. Shrub, S70 Gallons. 'I Cordial, 213 Gallons. * }. Muscovado Sugar, 2,37 1,308 lbs. [ I Coffee, 75,636 lbs. Half Boxes Quarter Boxes Packs Playing Cards. Minnts Salt. ISI- Chests I' 't.' I w ( ill ) *lllyMMiTca,S«.7Mlb«. - . I Olher Tw*, |,U»3,3t8lU rmrt LOWER f«fl ADA* 484 t'lii-t- |3,SIO C)i»U S,.?»;» BoxM - - -, , •SH I'uckuKCh - - -J Aji».i^n.liii, F. N.B— Three p«r Cent, hw been cleductiHl from all ihe •bo*e Anicl«, MCcpt ibt _ '•* I'Uying Cardt. f Viiliic of Mcrclmmlisp •viyiiijj Ui |wr Cenl. Value ot Frci- U<«mI» jC7IS,8!)6 9 S 15,1 mti .t S fiin,. — Tbah from Ch I N A : T«» faip"'''"' '"' "''■^'' • ■ ■ ■ IMW C?ie.t. mill n.ixe*. Of which ilicro uppcar U» ht' been iolil, as the Duty th^fft-on haa ticvn paitl - I9|6S1 Kimaining - - ■ 'ifiW Ton* imported in IH86 - - - * 171*77 ()f which have been iMiUI - " • I«* Kemiiining - - 17,!I3» Total reronliiinK in the Agent's Wnnhouse 20,0«i Of the Qiianlitv miU, there has bpin cxportcil 1,01+ Clie»t» um! Boxei. Net Sales tor I'loint; C'oiiMiniption in IHUii, 1^26, 1H27--U,781. N. B. — A Sulti will ukc place iti M:>y. At New Carlhlf. (From lotii October 18'i5 to loth October i8«6.) «!) Vessels, .'5,807 Tons QJS Men. 138 Giilliuis Wiiiu. M7« I)<>. Brandy, a, 122 \)o. Hnni. 3,099 Do. Molasses. 2,I.S8 Uetineil Siiirar. 7, Bit Do. Muscovuli' Sugar. ir>7 Do. Coftec. 5+ Do. Leaf Tobacco. 472 Do. Mr.nutacUired Tobacco. ,Sf,' Do. Tea.s. .S. 11. — 'lliiuo pel C-Liii. Iius been deducted from tlic above .\iticle«. 37,280 Bushels Shit, Duty tree. VmIir. of Merchandise, paying 2i per Cent. - jf8,99+ r,s.'2,I. Ciureney. mISmB .ItGaspi: ([•'i(.ni lull; U.aol)t>r isa.j to .'nil Jul) l^'i^).) g^i i3„, f^^g. 6,000 Bushels J ^ Value <>i Mcrclm.uUse, paying 2i per Cent. - €2,526 Ml. !rf. Currency. * From London. X EXPOnT.s. [T i , Ifj I AND /.OWKIICAN A|)|)en(lixi No. 4. ADA. V. ( W ) EXPUKTS At Quebec. 801 Vessels, 198,848 Tons, 9.0.'>7 Men ; 59 17,82.'i Tons. 751 Mnsts and Bowspritii. 2,892 Spars. 23,822Tons| ^, ,,^,,, 22 I'cet J 129.1,51 T""^jpi„,n,.,l.er. 32 I'eet j 3 I'oet f wliicli 1)nilf fills Yoar , . T. . >■ Elm Timber. 12 Feet J 10,71H Tons 12 1,120 20 Tons 1 ., , 5„ Oak Billets. 1,967,931- Pieces iStaiidnrd Staves and Heading. 3,096,754' Pieces Pipe and Punch Staven and Heading. 61,191 Stave Ends. 742,797 Deals, 3-Inch. 80,22.') Beards and Phnikf. 50,951 Deal Ends. 20,317 Hatteiis. 4',:iS2 Katten Ends. 38,5!)0 Oars. 20,01-9 Handspikes. 1,301 Cords, Latliwood. 1 Ton Timber I'.nd 37 Cords 500 Pieces, 98,888 Pieces Wood Hoops 695 Pnns. ^ 208Hhds UtavePaek.. 100 IJairels [ 50 Q' Casks J 36,570 Pieces Treenail*. 24. Knees. 9 Anchor Stocks. 150 Blocks. 221,700 Shingles. 18,371 Barrels Pearl Ashes, 65,631 cwi. 1 c];. 21- lb 21,218 Do. Pot Ashes, 90,816 cwt. 3 tps, 19 lbs. 228,635 Bushels Wheat 'I BS J 2,590 3,907 26,082 30 552 5,721 85 Do. Do. ]Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Barley. Oats. Peas. Indian Corn. Malt. Flax Seed. Rye. 418 Barrels -^ 3(i6 Halt' Barrels S Floii 35 Bags - -J ag 12,412 Cwt. Biscuit. 11 Barrels \(. 1^ l,G70lbs. 18 Kegs J 2,132 Bushels Potatoes. 48 Do. Carrots. Turnips. 27 Do. Onions. 9,228 Barrels -\ p,,,),. 537 Hair Barrels.) """ 5,173 Barrels -\,, 1,36+ Half Barrels J "" 12 Hair Barrel 244 Kitts - 9 Puns. 1 :el'. I Hounds, &c,, 14,749 lbs 9 Puns. ^ Barrels V Hams, 6,066 Ibi. Loose J 7 Barrels oar iari'els C H.* ) «36 lbs. ilrieil Beef. l,;!S(t ll)s. trcsli Heel". 7 Jars \<;.,„5n l,C80Ui». 5j Kcf^s ) o • ' 2y Ktfis Tripe, l.V'jOllis. 5 Hiilf Harieli Miiltun, SOOllis 2t9 ll)». Hiuoii. 699 Kii^s I ml, .;:i,Sl7 His. |,9.4;{ l)i) Butter, 9S,(M(>I1)!*. fi Hampers 1 -,. . .^.. ii. . ^ ' > Cheese, l,ln,{il». r> Cases - J 2,2S1 Casks j 254 Boxes J.Ceii Canada Balsam. 2 Kegs j a29 Barrels Apples. 1 Barrel I'ears. 6 Puns. "\ 5 Barrels > Cranberries. a Kegs -J 49 Packages Trees and PlnnH. 3 Kegs Honey, 277 lbs. 3 Casks Becs-wax. I Bag Wool. 1 Cast' Bones. ;! Casks I Ilorns. 1 Basket J S87 Pairs Moccasins. '•*,P;'''^^ iLeatbet, 1,K'52Uh. 9 Cases j 174 Hides. 1 Hlid, Leaf Tobacco. 49 Kegs Plug Tobacco, 7,73.3 lb«. ! i f f) ", n""', I Cut Do, l,.*.^8lbs, 1^ Bariels J bej 1 7 Barrels Sejj 27 Kegs 90 l!l;i(lilcis iSinilf, 1.482llw. 1 l}ox -J 4 Bark Canoes. ■20 Wooden Clocks. 12 Packages Indian ( nriosities. .■j Boxes Bark-work. 5 Horses. :l Barrels l ,^ t Kegs . J 9 Boxes Maple Sugar. 10,') .Stoves. 156 Pairs Iron Hooks. Fvm f u -■ I I vvvr.H LOWr.ll CANADA. A|>|)c:imIi«, If, No. 1. C50 7,510 9i(> (S,i3'A 1,(J9H IS.O'-'M 4,21b ■MiJ S,:i92 187 17 1* 2 'J I ( 8» ) Ftlll.S AM) PlILiUlES. Mui'liii .Skins, Huic Di). Ikiivfi Do, rislai Do, lincCDOii Do. Ik'ar mill C'lil) Do. Otter Do. Miisknil Do. Minx Do, Ljnx Do, Fox Do, Cat Do. Deer Do, Wolf Do, Wolverine Do, BiilFaloe llohes. lbs. J5ear Coating, IMPORTED GOOD.S EXPORTED. 5 (i 6 6 3 -J 1- I 6:« 18 I G 2,S 1'89 12,i 9 !■ I 1 A ;} Wine, 677 Gallons. 2 1 233 846 3 ;19 ;< .'J 2 1,50 ;j 1 34- I !_' 1 10 10 1'0,000 20 2 a b 10 tlluls Q' Casks Cases Bottled Wine. ,, ,'" > Rum, 859 (ialloiw. Casks Moliisscs, 21-2 Gallons. Hhils. "liviusc. Sufjar, l.gotlbs. liarrcls J o > ' Hox Coffee, 28 lbs. Chests and Boxes ^ Packages - - Wea, 32,432 lbs. Q' Chest - -J Boxes Chocolate. Casks 1 „ . . Boxes/"'"*'"'" Do Prunes, Do. Pigs. Bags Almonds. Barrel Candy. Box 1 „ Barrels /''^I'l"""- Tieices Riee. I'uns. Lime Juice. Tons Logwood. Pun, "1 „ ■ , Kegs}'"""' Bars - 1 Bundles llroti. Tons -J Cases Sheet Iron. Bundles Iron Ho• Gunpowder. 158 Packages Mcivhandise. UPPtU ANU LOWKlt CANADA* A)i|>i'i)dix, ¥, No. 4. /'row* (iasj)e, (13 Vessels, 1,701 Tons*. HI Men.) 14,356 Cwt. Codfish. 5 Hands I'^cls. 10 Do. Salmont S Do. Oil. 20 Pieces Oak Timl)er. 155 Do. Pine Tiinl)er. 61 Do. Elm, Ash, kc. 1 1 Spars. 4,008 Pieces Staves. 7,971 Do. Deals. 273 Do. Deal Ends. 8 Cords Lntliwood. Front Nc'i'castle. (30 Vessels, 4,7«7 Tons, QGl Men.) 19,661 Cwt. Codfish. 4 Barrels Salmun. 9 Do. Shad. 20+ Do. Hcrrini's. •i Do. Oil. I J Do. Pork. 3r; Do. Flour, a,N99 Pons Pine Timber. HA. V. ( m; ) LinM|iiiiil, Ik) I'Vliniurj H.T. AsiiT'.s. —•* There has scarcely been any Inquiry tor l.'iiiteil States Aslies diiiiiif,' the Mouth, anil the only Sales niaile have consisted of about ;j()0 Haiii'Ts Pot, at '27.S. a' 'JJs. Cuf., unil (iO Pearl at '2Hs. per Cwt. ; these Prices wmihl he readily accepteil again : but aUliongli the Stocks on the Continent a|)i)ear to he small, tlie Prices there are not yet sufficiently high, as compared with what are asked liere, to hold out much Inducenicnl for Shipments. Canada Ashes have met witii a very limited Sale of late, and altiiough the principal Holders are not pressing Sellers, the Prices have given way further ; Fot may becpioted at '2(),v., Pearl at '27s. a' '^7*-. in/, per Cwt. ; and it is diHicuU to realize even these Kates, excepting in small retail Quantities." ISy?. — PlUCE OK GlUIK, &C. IK PkHTH. Wheat, per ()0 lbs. (Cash) - - - 3,v. Flour, per 196 lbs SO*. Pork, per 100 lbs Q'2s. Gd. Oats, per Bushel - - - - 1*. 3d. Barley, per Do. is. Gd. Beef, per lb 3d. to id. Mutton and Veal, per lb. • - - Sd.toid, ■ Friday, 6th Juljr. LOWKK CANADA (i. \(.. I. EXTRACT of a Letter (iom Lord Daliiousii, to Colonel Coi kuuhs, dated Sorcll, 17tli July If^'J?. Sin, , , Havinc; piTuseJ the Copy of Instructions wliici) you sent me. and the various otber Papers you have suhnntted. I have only to a»uie you, tiiat whatever Documents the pul)hc OHices in Quebec can furnish siuill he most readily given to you. As to myself, I do not think that I can add any tarther Information to what I have alreaily said hy my Despatches, piihlic and private. to Mr. W. Horton. I must iherefbrc reler yon to tiiem as my decided Opinion oil the Subject of Emigration. I do not think any I'lan can be devised more likely to ensure Success in the Undertaking, or Kconomy in tiie Expenditure, than the System in the Military Settlements at I'erth and llichmond, of which you v.<'U' i/oiirscll'tUe thief Superintendent. In Lower Canada, I suggest Three I'oiiilH lor Settlement ami extensive Survey. 1st. On Ottawa, below Hull; and that should be appropriated exclusively to Scotch Emigrants from Glasgow and the Iligidands. My Object is to connect that Country with its valuable Neighbours, the (ilengary Highlandeis, situated immediately opposite on the South Side of the Ottawa. 2d. About Forty Miles South of Quebec, to survey a Line parallel witit the St. Lawrence, and extending in rear of Kamouraska to the Lake Tamiscouata. 3d. In Gaspe and Bay Chaleur, at various Points, one of wliieh slionld start from the Indian Milage on Uistigouche River, as a Contiiuiation of the jjrcat Line of Koad through New Brunswick to Mitis on St. Lawrence. I think these are sufficient for Lower Canada, but I earnestly beg to impress upon His Majesty's Government, that no Emigration may be sent to this Province, until Surveys have been made for their Reception. The Tract of Country you have selected in New Brunswick, I think highly judicious. \|ilieii(li\, •«. N». I. Col. Cockburn. I have, iic. (Signed) D.\i.iiou.sit:. ) m \i Mi I ( 99 ) (t. No. 2. LOWEn CANAOA. A()|i(ii(|i«, (i No. 2. KEPOirr of tilt' Surveyor General of I^ower Canada. Siiivt-viir Ciciieriirn Ollicc, (Jiiubcc, '2'M July STATKMKNT of tlie aviTatje Quantity of Waste Lands of tlie] Crown, situate and lying South of tlie St. Lawrence, between the ; Old Sciirniorial (Jiaiits and tlu' lioiindary assumed hy tliej American (JoNcriimeiit, and extending ("rom the Seigniory of Laiizon Lastward to Trois I'i oles, making an Average Super- Hcies of about U'weKe Townships, of ()1,()(K) Acres each, as pro-! jectcd on the accompanying Map, marked A. from No. 1 to I'lr', inclusive. i I'Vom wbicli average Quantity, tlie Two Sevenths as Ileser-'J rations for the iSlaintenaMce and Sujiport of a Protestant > Clergy, and future Disposition of the Crown, being deducted J 1827. Acr«t. 739,20l> _..,...... . — ^ ,_ ^ viz. I'/dyiXH) .Acres, being e(]ual to the grantahle I.,ands in I'bur Townships, ")r the llestrves. The Townships marked A. 15. C. D. L. V. may average Five Townships, f(pial to .'iOS.OOO Acres, of whicii ('the Uosci vcs dediicted) the graiitable Lands are yjO.dOO Acres, One llaltOl whicli Quantity, viz, 1 10,000 Acres, may be considered tit for Settlement, being ecjual to the grantahle Lands ia Two Townships and a Half. The 'J'lmiix/iij) ot'Craii/wtirnt; marked G., omitted in the above Calculation, may contain about ^'^000 Acres (it ioi .SettlemeHt, vacant and grantable. JOH. ItoCrUKTIK, _ SiMveyor Geiirral. NOTKS i>n tlie preceding Statement. Tin; Part of tlie Country exhibited in tlie above Statement, accompanied with a Plan illustrative of the projected Townships which might be laid cut in the Hear of the Seigniories, is toleiably correct as to the Quantity of Acres vacant, but from that Part of the Country not Inning been exjilored, and the general Character of the Face of the Country being uneven, mountainous, and broken, leaves me in doubt as to the Quantity that might be found fit lor Cultivation. I have accordingly stated it to be 'only 17(j;000 Acres, and that Part coin- preheiuling the Chaudiere Townships at 1.32,000 Acres; yet more might be found, besides proper Sites for Villages, and high commanding Positions, in the Vicinity of Lake Ktcliemiii, iu Standon and Cranbourne. The Kenebec Road otlers also a Field for Settlement. The chief Object of the iirinted I'lan and Report annexed* w.is to know the Extent of the Tract of Coiuiliy lying between the French Seigniories and the Southern Rouiidaiy of the Province, and, no doubt. South of the inferior llidge of Highlands, marked by the Yellow Line. The Land and Face of the Country is highly desi'rving of Notice, for the Purpose of planting a new and large Colony of Kmigrnnts. Tlie St. John's River is bordered by fine Lands, and navigable. P. S. Since the befoie-montloned Notes were written, I find, from Infor- mation and Reference to the actual Survey of the Lands in the Rear of the Seigniory of Port .lolic._ that tlie Description of the Land from thence Last- ward to the Portage of Temiscouata. is not so bad as supposed, and that its general Cluuaeler is us tbllo'.vs: Chains or Kidges of Kocks, and here and * TliU n-'er. f,. t\w. liUioi;ra|.liU' fhm, mhI Minutes „f Kvi.l.'iice Ulcen btfore a Sueeiul Com-..ii«ee oi tlic Hoiist oj Assombly dI Loww litiKidi., wlii.'li fi'lloi* tliU Sv\e. ^ there / >^- \V '•:•■• I- ■ 6 7 ^ ' 1 •■■ -t • • i. 7>^ »•• .S^v ll •. O* • • .<**. . 0- "■HT' ;^ 1: /* ■s. W % 7 .- • " V:\MnnS' I .1 • , ; n • t u • • W > .' "■ T' f ^, , • '•.i >■; > .?'-' . • > 5 ;■ -Jr. \A *» • ^S^ ({-''• ~ •-■ ':, 'V ■ .t v «'-^ s.' ••■ *■ ft ■%? » J-1 /#« V ... .» • 5 ii •. ^ ^. ■ ' • ^- M%':^" ^'-^ 47 :. 1. . , -w >, . I..,...-/-.- .. . ^ ■• ■ -CT' '^"^'^ ;-''' . ;'^ V-'^s '•^v *^iV -\ Wl^ 4w .i.'>i I'll iiDi I ii I r 1 1 ''.;«' »'#*•« >/'**<'■ '>'*./''v . - •- * • - * •/* * '.* **■ A n,.< 'i' I I I 'l I ■ tt il Ul •JJ ai N S tl J ..Ml f ■ i I'.-' !^^ Appt'iiilix, U. N... 2. ( H(> ) there >mall Hills are to l)c foiinil ; and fliat the ijencral Siirt'ace hefweeii tlies^ Iowkrc'*n.»o.». Hills is level and tine X'allies of Intervale Land, and well watered hy Uivi rn and Lakes; that it niii^ht be very practicable to have a Uanj^e of Sittlenuiit, extending along the Hear of the Seigniories t'roni Port ,lr)lie to lliver dn Lmip ; and that about ','CH),(X)(» Acres at least would be found in contirniation ; /. <. in No. f, ,0, Rear of No. G, Part of 7 and ft, and Part of H and |l. If such be correct (and the same can easily be ascertained by a small exploi ing; Survey) it would oH'er a very advantagi'ous Site tor an Kmigranl Settlement quite 'near the St. Lawrence, and also to numerous Mills and Settlement* almost extending to the Rear of the Seigniories ; ami the Consideration of this Subject seems to me deserving of Notice. (Signed) JosKi'H BorciiKTre, J.U. MINUTES or FA'IDENCE taken before ;« Special Committee of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada. JosKril Bot;cHETTE, Esq., Surveyor (jcneral of the Province of Lower Canailit, was called in and examined, as followeth : Have you had any and what Means of becoming acquainted with tlie '!o«rse of the Hiver Saint .John on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence, and with the Quantity of the Lanils bordering on the same ? As His Majesty's Surveyor General on the Service of the Boundary Lines under the Fourth and Fifth Articles of the Treaty of Ghent, from l.SHi to 1818, I had an Opj)ortunity of becoming acquainted with the C^oiuse of fiie Uiver St. .John, and of the Lands bordering thereon, partly from my Surveys and exploring Operation of that Part of the Country lying between the .Source of the Sainte Croix and the Head Waters of the Histigouche Uiver, in 1817, and partly from other Sources of Information, with respect to the Uescription of Country Westward, as far as the Head or Source of the St. John. Be pleased to produce any Maps or Flans of tlie said Kiver now in your Possession ? Some of these are my original Documents from actual Survey, the others are the Productions of difierent Surveyors, one of whom was employed by Order of His Majesty's Colonial Government, under an Act of the Legislature, to explore the Source of the Hiver St. John, and the Country in its Vicinity, also to trace a Road of Communication from the last Settlements of Frampton to that Uiver. After this Service had been completed, a Copy of the Plan and Report was furnished to each Branch of the Provincial Legislature. What would be the Expence of compiling from these Materials, or from any other Source of Information you possess, a Map of the Country, lying between the old Settlements of the South Shore of the St. Lawrence, and the Southern Boundary of the Province, embracing consequently all the River St. John ; also a second Map of the same Country, on a reduced S-'-'e, the latter to be printed with a Lithographic Press, and Two hundred Copies thereof furnished by you to this Committee ? Such a Work can be done for the gross Sum of ^55 Currency. What would be the Expence of an exploring Survey of the Country, bounded in Front by the old Settlements on the South Shore of tlie River Saint Lawrence, in the Rear by the Line dividing this Province from the United States of America, on the one Side by the Province of New Brunswick, and on the other Side by the Lands lying about the Head Waters of the Saint Jo''" <* . t » f Previous to my answering this Question, with respect to the proi)anIe Ex- pence of an exploring Survey of that Part of the Country you describe, it i» indispensably necessary to know whether it is to comprehend all that Portion of Territory within the Limits of the Boundary or Line of Demarcation, and maintained by and reported upon by His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner under the Fifth Article of the Treaty of Ghent, a; the true Line of Boundary I.etween this Province and the United States of An.erica ; whilst tiie American Commis- sioner, on the Part of his Government, under the same Article of tiiat Treaty, Z assumes 1^ ff iH' ^ 4 in \':. A|i|)ciiilix, O. No, '.'. ( w ) towKR C/iNAUA. nssiimcs as the noiiiulury tliat wliidi would loavi- very littto to rxplorc, in:is- mucli as his assuiiicil Linn of Dfiiian atioii would lake in the whole lA' flic Uivur Saint John, its Sourci- and minicroiis tiihutaiy Streams, and with it a large I'ortiun oC Untisli Territory, composing an interesting Section of this* Province. From the Situation yon have held as His Majesty's Surveyor General under tlie I'itUi Article of the Treaty of (Jlient, and from your surveying Operations of IHI7, relative to the (ixing and establishing the H<)un(laries between this Section of the IJritish Dominions in America and tiic United States, by and under Commissioners, it may, nerhaps, be in your Power to convey to this t'ommittee your Opinion as to the actual and true Line of Hoiuidary between New IJrunswick, this Province, and that Section of the I'nited States ailjoiniug thereto, and also of the Knowledge you have of the Quality of Soil, and general I)escrij)tion of this extensive Tract of Country ? This is a Subject which has of late j)articularly occupied public Attention, and has been ably investigated in a l'am|)hlet, published in London, intituled •' Consideration of the Claims and Conduct of the United States, respecting their North-eaHtern IJoundary. kc." This Pamphlet has evidentlv been framed from the highest and most authentic Sources of Information, anil seems based on the Operations of I8I7, "ut of which, together with the subsequent exploring Operations under the same Article of the Treaty of (Jlient, and the Arguments of the Agents of both Nations, s|)rung the Report of the British Commissioners for tliat Section of the Boundary. Wherefore, in order to convey to the Committee the Opinion I entertain of that Part of the boundary dividing this Province fiom the Territory of the United States, and of the Quality ot Soil, and general Description of the Tract of Country on which they desire Information, it becomes expedient to convey the Knowledge I have of the Points of Difference between the Commissioners, in respect to this Line of Boundary, and this I can only do by stating in Substance certain Parts of my lleport, made to the Board of Commissioners in 1818, of my surveying Operations of the Vear previous; and also of other subsequent Keports mitde to Hi* Majesty's Government as I'm- back as the early I'art ot'iwn. Substance of certain Parts of the Rkjohts referred to in the preceding Answer. Having devoted much Attention on the Points of Ditlerence between the Commissioners, and on the Consequences attendant on tlie ultimate Decision thereon, I cannot withhold observing, that the Subject appeared to embrace a Question of the first Importance to the British Empire, inasnnich as on the Decision that should be given upon the Points now in Controversy, would dejyjnd, in a great Degree, the Preservation and future Security of His Majesty's Dominions in America, and upon which the De/ence of these Colonics would either be weakened to an extreme Degree, or so consolidated as to afford them additional Strength, and tend to their future Preservation. The Line of Boundary assumed on the Part of the American Government is evidently inadmissible : — First, Because the Xorth-west Angle of Nova Scotia cannot be established at 144 Miles on a Line due North from tiie Somce of the Samte Croix, as such Highlands cannot be those described and intended by the Treaty of 1783, being about Fifty Mil.;s to the North of the Southern Boundary ot the then Province of Quebec. Secondly, Because the same would embrace, within the Limits of the . , , ,. , ,,. ' ' •- ■■' ■■> a Manner isolating the ( anailas from the Sister Colonies of New Brunswick and Nova 'i^^^^'A' ^y "" '"^''"■^"'"g Portion of Territory susceptible of Agriculture for the Maintenance ofa dense, and iu case of War, an hostile Population, at a future Period. ' 7 ,„ ( »» ) A|>|ii'mlit,fl, No. :. It) onk'i to convey nioro ttK-cfi tally my Mi-us on itiis Sulijott, it in.iy l>c i.owi;n c.«naua« nt'ci'ssary to provi()ii'ies, toiiethcr with a ll-w ()1)>it. vations witli respect to its relative Situation with New IJnniswiek ainl the Province of Maine, the suiiie Tract heini; and (orniinj^ a Portion ol' the Province of I.ower Canada. This Portion of Territory is hoinided on the South by Mars Hill Uanije uf Highlands, (so distiiiiriiished in my Report of Surveys, Maps, ami Seciion.t, presented to the ("onnnissioners in IS I7.) from which all the Rivers which em|)ty their Waters into the Atlantic within tiie Limits of the United Statei* take their Source, and which also divide the Waters of (he River (haiidiere from those of River Kennehec. It is hounded on ilie North and North-west by another Range of Highlands within this Province, and considered as less conspicuous than Mars Hill Highlands, of which it is only a Hrancli, directing its Course to the North-east, from the Western Kxtremity of a small Lake, unJ extending along the upper Part of the Chandiere, at the Distance of Twelve and Fifteen Miles to the Last thereof, gradually approaching in its C'oin'se the Hordersof the Saint Lawrence, and finally passing within Ten Statute Miles of the said River on Temisconata Portage; from thence wimling in a more easterly Direction to the Point of Intersection with the due Nortii Line fVoni the Source o»tlie Sainte Croix, and thence due South 101. Miles, to the Point where that Line intersects Mars Hill Highlands, at Forty Miles Nortli of the Source of the Sainte Croix, at or near the Point named by His Majesty'* Commissioners as the North-west Angle of Nova Scotia; which triangular Tract of Country so bounded exceeds (as I have ahjady stated) f),OiH),0(M) of Acres, of which Quantity about 2,.'3()(),()()() may be omputed to be covered by Moinitains ami various Ranges and Descriptions of Highlands, with intervening Lov.' Lands and Swamps, leaving thereby a Surplus of a.-'iOOjCXtO Acres, which may be consideied pro|)itious and fit for agricultural Purposes; besides many Parts of the Higidantis, in progress of Time, may also be found fit for similar Purposes. This Tract is most abundantly watered by the River St. John and its numerous Branches, the chief of which are, the Rivers Ristook, Madawaska, St. Francis, Toledo, Long Lake, and the Cireen and CJraTid Rivers, besides many other tributary Streams, and about Forty Lakes, which together, u|)ou an average Computation, may be said to cover a Surfiice of about 1.^0,000 Acres, the most conspicuous of whicli Lakes are those that form the Sources of tlie River St. .lohn, and of the River Madawaska. The main IJranch of the St. John deserves particular Notice, in consideration of its great Extent, and on account of the various Advantages it offers in an agricultural and military Point of View. The River nnis nearly in a parallel Direction with the St. Lawrence to its Confluence with the Madawaska, and at some Places is only from Twelve to Fourteen Leagues therefrom, and about Twenty-two to Twenty-five from Quebec ; it traverses the Middle of this Portion of Territory, on a South-westerly Course, from it.^ Jinictiou with the Madawaska to its Source, a Distance of about \3'2 Miles, which is said to be na\igable tor Boats, offering thereby an interesting Field for a new Line of Settlement of at least Thirty-six Townships, in connection with the most flourishing and inhabited Parts of this Province, and presents, at no very distant Period, a new and shorter Line of Communication to New Brunswick, by near Sixty Miles, on which Route, if I am correctly informed, in respect to the general Quality of the Lands along and in the Vicinity of that River, most prosperous Settlements could be made. i| I lOWT.RCANADik. A|l|il'll(lil, fi. No, 3, ( M ) a No.*. NOTE on the Communication between MiTi« and tl>c Uivcr KisTroouciiE, » Distunct! oi'ubuut Eiglity-iivv MilcK. Qiebec, 33(IJuly 1827. Thi: Front of the Seigniory of Mitis In atrcady settlcil, ami there are some tolerable gooct Farms to l)e seen. Mr. M'>''^ r has erected Mills ami Stores, anil is now huiliiing Dwelling Mouses, inteniletl tor the Reception of 'rrayeilers. He lias built u .Schooner to ply I'roni thence to Quebec ; and one or two Square- rigged Vessels have been also built at that I'hue. The Road is perfectly practicable all the Way down from Quebec for Carts or Calashes ; and Settle- ments all the Way. . «•• • The projected Road, traced of late at Mr. M'Nider's Rxpenc, iroin Miti» to Lake Alatapediack, takes an easterly Course, and wmds here and there, until it arrives at the Lake. The Land, except immediately passing the Higldands, is reported generally k- el and tit tor Cultivation, and requiring very few Uridges or Causeways ; the Distance is Twenty-seven Miles « Sith west and westerly, then from above the Portage, is ot a superior Quality. tIS between the South-west and North-west, about the Heads of Renons. Dungaren, and Big Hole Brook, is poor Laud, timbered with Pine, Spuice. and Fir. The Renons abounds with good Intervale. He will transport Settlers from Newcastle to his Place for lO.^-. each nllowinriolbs. of Baggage and Two Children to each Person 11m w II amount' to about 20. 'cur^-ency, or 18. Sterling, per lami y e -11 make Axes for 76-. each, 6,v. 3^. Sterling, and Hots, agreeably to a Pattern, toi As. each (2s. Sid. Sterling), if heavier, tiie Price in proportion. Tie South-west Branch of Miramichi River is navigated by Canoes and Scows A Scow, towed by Two Horses .nd conducted by 1 wo Men, will cany from Six to Ten l\,ns from Newcastle to the Portage in 1-oui ^'SSce states the Land above the Portage and AVest of the ^«''\''p;;<;,^; J" j;^. a continued Tract of excellent Land, as far as ,1 has been explored by h m and Neighbours; and in a routh-westeily Direction ihey have cxploied to the Cardt n Scment. North of Fredericton. He states the Land Last o u. SoitSst, about the Heads of Big Hole and Porter's Brooks, and the Renons Dungarven, and Bartholomew Rivers, to be, generally speaking, Pme, Fh ad Spruce Ridges, Swamps, and Barrens, and conseciucnlly of a Descrip- Sn uti Sn- Settlenint. He thinks the Land East of the Soi.h-wesJ^, ImIc^^^ or Twenty Miles above the Portage, is mostly a good Haul XVood iiact. the Renons River abounds with good Intervr.h, which is hrst Quality Land. \pril 1827. Fowler, on the South-west, Thirty-three Miles below Boice\ states the Land between his Place and the Little South-west to be generally of a good Oualitv although interspersed with Pine and Spruce Barrens. He has Slowed this Tr!ct up about Twenty Miles, travelling through the C ountry m ev ^Uirection, and^he above Description will ho d good for tbat ^'s ^"ce He has explored the Branches of Cain's or Etienne River, or about 1 ^^ eh e o Fifteen Miles from its Mouth in every Direction and found it to coiisi. ienerallv of Pine, Spruce, and Fir Swamps and Barrens !■ me Iracts.t ^XZ are met with on Cain's River ; and Twenty or Thirty Miles up the Upland is reported to be good. j^ a Henderson, m f\ ■J ill 'i)f MIsm.I.ANF.Ol'S. A|i|ierulix, 1{. No. I. ( y» ) ricukrson. at 'riu.mas Sniiil.'s. about Nint- Miles af.ovc Ne«TaMle, states tlu- Land up IJainaby's Jlivcr to be seiieially of an excellent Q.iality ; between Two Hiancl.es of the River, be met wit li b or 8,0(K) Aces ol Hard Wood Land, witliout any poor Land intervening, i ins Iract conniienCfS about Three Miles up Harnaby's River, or Twelve Miles bom Newcastle. thiith;uii, 26tU April 1827. Mr. Justice H-illislon states, that in the Vicinity of - Hay Duvin River (properly Hay des Vents), a Trnct of-ood Land extends about ^venty Miles in Length, ami varies in Dreadth from Two to live Miles, being a Haril NVood Riilgc. Mr. Jomin, Road Commissioner, states the nisrance from Chatham to Richihncto, by the new Line of Road, to be about Jorty Miles. In this Distance the Land varies alternately from Hard Wood Rid-es to Swamps and Barrens. About One Half the Land on the Road is of a good Quality. _ Approaching Cape Escaminac, the Land is genera ly of a very inferior Description, and many naked Barrens are met with. 1 he good Land in rear of the Road is met with in greater Abundance. 1 he Hard Wood Ridges are more extensive and more numer<.iis. The Land between -^t- Nicholas River (Richibucto) and Cbebuctouche is a continued Ridge ol hne Hard Wood. Mr. Yoiaiir (Robert) states, that the intended Uoad froin opposite Middle Island below^Chatham to Nipisigi.it, is about Forty-four Miles in Length. He has travelled the Krst Twcnty-five or Twenty-six M.les, and consulcrs he Land to be of a ve.-y good Quality ; if Lots were laid off. at least I'our I'lftiis would prove fit for Settlement. From his own Observations, and from In or- mation furnished him by his H.other at I'oekshaw, be tbi.iks that no lartot the Piovbice i.resents greater Advantages to a new Settler than the tract between Mi.a.nichi River and Ni|.isig..it. His H.other gene.aly begins ploughing about the Txventy-fifth of April .; puts in his Cra.n Crop during the MonU. of May (he thinks that it will not ripen if sowed in June); commences reaping in August, varying, according to the Season, fram the hrst to the last of that Month. The first Frosts generally happen in October, and are very seldom known to injure tiie Crojis, unless sowed too late. Ine Lumber irade interferes with the Seed Time of many of the Farmers ; their Gram is not m the Giound until late, and, in conseciuence, sometimes suffers by the frost. ■ The "i-eatest Inconvenience arising from the Length of the W.nters, is the QnanUty of Fodder recp.ircd for their Stock. The Time can be employed to Ailvantage in clearing Land, procuring Rails for (cueing, and Wood for Fuel. In April 1S«G, he commenced clearing a new Farm ; employed Irishmen new to the Country, paying 2,v. Gr/. per Day, and Provisions ; he completed burning i.i July, and had Twenty-eight Acres ai'. ( !l.'» ) cxton.Is !,ack scvcrr.J Mile, oa.torly. up to witlur. Four Miles of Port.ge Iliver ; M.sctu^Eov* anu" cle' the Nipisiguit about Tifree Miles below (Jordon's Hmok. and Semis down the Nipisiguit. lie has explored the Tract u, quest ot iuuber. ""'Vol^r^r is about Thirteen Miles above I5ig Hole, and the latter ' Thineen above Ship Navigatiou. (Jordou's Urook -s about Lleveu Miles 'ibove Ninisi-ruit Harbour, which affords an excellent Iislicry. Ik'tNv^rthe upper I'art ol'the North-west and the Little iiouth-wcst. a great Piuportion of the Land is of good Quality. , „ .. r ,i,„ T ;t»1« Mr M'Lauchlan resides about 100 Hods below the Mouth ol the Little South-west J has about 300 Acres of cleared Land around ns House, W hen he Slied ,m [he Land, about Eight Years since the clearuig ^-"i;-;;' ;^-^ Thirty Acres; he has personally superintended the clearing ot t''^' ^'^^ ' *^; He r used 4.0(^ Bushels of I'otatoes last Year on his Home l.arni und«..K.o .a Farm he o;..^ above the Big Hole. His extensive hinibering t c.ncerns Ik ye JZce'l him to turn \m Attention principally to Grass and greeo Oats tor loiUler. Chatham. Mr DcvuU, Suncuor Jouett states the Land for about Twelve Miles up tl»e I ink Sond wes to be of a very good Quality. Crossing to the Kenons at h Ten at^'ot that Distance. fieAravelled through poor »-"''' the,,nnc,|Ka ( rowth a small Red Pine; the Borders of llenons^diomuw. lig.od teu^^^^^^^ the Upland on the South-west Side is very good tor f " / f .'^.^^;'"^ *^'^^* Mi .mid. "nd at pSei c on. and can pei'ceiv- no Difference in any respec ; he i^al o e ided at St. Andrew's and St. .John, and considers the W mte s o e ihleVlnd shorter in those Places, but the Climate not more favourable to rinPnn'Griin He considers the Length and Severity of the Winters, and Sle Seme Shortness of the Summers, as unfavourable to extensive 1' arming. Mr, Graham states the Land between Cluuham and l^;;''i^"f " .J;),,;;";?!;;*. .Ti.nerallv of Hard Wood Ridges, intermixed with Cedar Swamps , . bo it Halt S th"li.nl "fit\br Settleme^^t ; that the Land in the upper 1^-t o m.c^uche^ .m,l fmm thence across to R ch biieto, is excellent. He has tiavc Icil inc new illd Soin IJucloucI^ to the Rend, and found the Land to be mostly good ; the Distance is about Twenty-two Miles. Amirc'i' Hudson and Gcor-c Brooks, on the St. Nicholas River, have most exceSit Fafm and the fonner raised 300 Bushels of Wheat ; has only been settkd Four or Five Years; reports generally as to the Superiority of the Land in the Rear. Mr. James /)^nV/.vo», Surveyor, states, that there is an f t'^''^^.'; 'I'-'f/ J*^ cnnd Imd between Tracadie and Poemouche ; good from Bai ibog to Slisintrc afong the East Side of the Road; not so good from thence to Bathurst. Mnnn, Murrau has not travelled much from the Banks of the various Streams from Mimmic hi to Bathurst, but can say, generally, that on their Banks to the East of the Truro Road, to within a Mile or two ot the Streams, aie ht loi .Settlement. Mr. Peter Henderson, Chatham, to Ricliibucto and the Bend, considers tins Land from Gaspereau River acros. the Etienne River, and thence c I u iucto. the best Land for Settlement in this Province. I'ro.n I '^ Jkm' ^o a des Vents back, all good Land in a straight Line ; also all to the O.eat Lak ad i m 11 IK \ •in I'M U ? MISCEtLANEOirs. A)>|ii'ny Colonel Cockbi km, at the BtiuJ of Peticoudiac llivcr. ,«.HM.y.«7. Jean GmihU born in this Province, tan-l.tl.y Lis Father to p int.. th,; W,.o*l* - likc"n u, has been all over the Connt.yi recomme.uls t h- I'ar.shes o ilill'bormS ^ndSalisbury.as containing the most extensive and unn,terrM,vteJ T act o Knd in the Country. Knows of no other so «>'['^"^:^V'\,^;; .^^V^J Comidcrs it to embrace an Kxtent of vacant Crown Lands, Forty Mdc* by ''rnnld'lm been en-aRCil all his Life in hnnting; kills Hears Foxes, ?M rti s Hehas also travelled Nova Scotia, and can steer lor (Quebec Xo.Ht^Vood He knows every River, Creek, and ]5rook throughout t e Co UU V and he Position of the Hills and Valleys j persists that there are no iuSo iSns in the Hillsborough District, and few PnK. rees or J»wa.«l.». but that the Land is really good, in an inunense unbroken Body. irth M*) 1827. F~mW«H-savs, be considers that the greatest Extent «f f '^^^",^"^,^;^'^"f' >Whpt>wost ■interruptions to its goodness, lies between SheiinU and the • Tit fl 1 - n o Vetioudiac above^the Ik-nd ; thinks there may b. enougl, to se tie - )0 Fandlies at 100 Acres for each ; tlicre are numerous Mdl Seats. to sett L -'•^'^'V/' ^. ^vilmot says. Lime Stone is tound in Abundance. and plenty ot Coal. //'• ;*, '"°; '';> . . ^viieat for Seed costs 'J.v. Or/, a he can make a Fann.'^ 'On'the high Lands the Frosts have less Effect, and the mild Season is longer. .MlkCtlLtSrol'S. Aiipt-'iiiiiT, II. .No. 4. I H. No. r.. INFORMATION received by Colonel Co. kbuhn. at Sidney, from Captain Aprenai..ll. Crawlky, Surveyor General of Cape Breton. Portage. Sidney, ;illi .Imic Ih'-/. ^ • 1 intplli.ront Man Distance Fourteen Miles tiom Sidney. S;i: ^tSil 'S ac;;;;ainted with the country, and residing near ^^';rf'l^'^^/«;rCath..lic Priest, residing near Currie's. Rcx.M).M ^'f' '\V. ' ' Vo,th-west Side, at which lives an In.han (Noel, and general Inloimation '^^ I'^"'"- , „ ,,„,aiticd to obtain information J I 98 ) MisiKLiANCat's. Port Hood, are the Three Persons whom the Surveyor Cu'iionJ woulil select as most competent to obtain Information, and in whose Conduct and Ueports the most t!onfidenee might be placed. The Surveyor General is iiu-ther of Opinion, that, for tlie Sum of i'150 Currency, good Information of a general Description, and far better tiian any at present to be had, ix'specting tlie Quality of Soil of the vacant Lauds throughout the Province might be obtained. The Surveyor General is of Opinion tliat, generally speaking, there would be very few, if any, of the Grants of Land in this Island liable to Kscheat, some Improvements having been made and continuing to be made on almost, if not entirely, the whole uf them. i I » I Af)j>eii(ti)i, H. Ni>.»». : i H. No. 6. REPORT of Mr. J. Beckwith to Lieutenant Colonel Cockblrv, relative to Part of New Brunswick. Monday, 7th May 1S27. — Left Dixon's at Half past Eleven A.M., in a Boat, accompanied by Mr. Jouett and Four Men, and proceeded to Little's, within about One Mile of the Head of the Tide, which flows about Twenty. Miles above the Harbour's Mouth. We were obliged to contend all Day with a heavy Wind from the Westward. Dixon lives on the South Side of Uichibucto River, about One Mile abov»* its Discharge into the Sea. The principal Part of the Shipping load in the immediate Vicinity, which is properly Uichibucto Harbour ; around the Borders of which are scattered tiie Houses, Stores, Othces, &c. of the Inha- bitants, the greater Proportion on the North Side ; the Land low, sandy, and unfit for agricultural Purposes. The principal Timber Shippers, Messrs. 11. & J. Jardine, reside on the South Side, about One Mile above the Harbour, and their Situation presents apjjareiitly the greatest Advantages tor a Town of any Spot in the Vicinity, combining bold Water, Facility of crossing at all Times, Banks of a moderate Height, and level Table Land. St. Nicholas' River is about Six Miles above the Harbour's Entrance. No Square-rigged \'essels approach nearer tlian Three Miles to it. There is surticient Water in the Ciiaunel, but the Navigation is said to be intricate and interrupted by Oyster Beds. The Point between the St. Nicholas River and llichibiicto River, at present in a Wilderness Stale, is reserved for a Town Site, and appears well adapted for the Purpose, should the Navigation prove safe. Above tiie St. Nicholas the Quality of the Land improves, and the Settlers are more scattereil. The River holds its Width of from .jUO Yards to Half a Mile, as high as Middle Island, about Light Miles above the St. Nicholas ; thence from 300 to 100 Yards to the Coal Branch, Four Miles higher, to which Place the River is navigable for Schooners. It abounds with Tracts of excellent Land, generally rising with a gradual Slope from the Water's Edge. Tile Banks are in some Places abrupt, but not lofty. Little has resided here Nine Years ; witiuiut any Son to assist hiin, he has nearly Fifty Acres of excellent Land cleared. Tuesday Sth.— Parted with Jouett in the Morning, who j)roceedcd northerly on a ILiy Road leading to the Head of Bass River ; followed a Patii to the upper Settlement, consisting of Three Families, and situate about One Mile above the Head of the Tiile. The River is here about Thirty Yards wide ; the Land in its Vicinity consists of a reddish Loam and Sand ; .Sub-soil, Clay ; mixt Timber, a good Proportion of Hard Wood. Pine has been settled here Six Years ; has between Thirty and Forty Acres of l^and cleared ; is about Forty Years of Age; has Nine Children ; the eldest Son, aged Twelve, assists him materially in clearing Land ; has Currants and \'egetabies in Abundance j young Apple Trees very thrifty ; raised Forty Bushels of Millet on One Acre and a Quarter of Land the last Season, with a few Pints of Seed ; he thinks 10 Millet k 9y ) MiHct will ripen if sowed by the lOth July, ami mukfs bitter Breai! than lUc; Miscr.iiiNeous. ho considers tlie Liiiul in rear to be better tlum tlie I.aml in t'lont in his Neii;li. -^ boiirhooil; and states, tlut a Tract of oxceliei.t Land eMends tij* Hudson'* ' "'ii,"|/<).' ' Brook (a tew Miles above his I'lace). He considers hi* Land to be«t';t better _" Quality tlian tiie Laud l)elow the St. Nieliolas. Intending to take tlie Woods at Tine's, and the Day iiroving rainy, I did not leave his Place for the Day. In the Afternoon, Mi. M'Laiu-lilaii arrived, and atler a short Stay returned down the Uiver. Wednesday 9th. — Left Pint's at a Qnarter past Six A. ^f.; proceeded^ westerly, throngh Hard Wood and Hemlock Land, and i small Swale of Cedar > Quarter past Seven, crossed Hudson's Brook, near an old Clearing crown up to Bushes; thence. Quarter of an Hour, gooil Haril Wood Land, r. M _ I'll I .1 „ .;l T... „!■.,. ,.VI,„.L- ilwv>ii,ili SiMiiifi. mil l''lr 'n up lo jjusues; im;iict.", ^^ntu iii m mi i hmu, f^u<^ii ....■>.. ..>.>.,.. ......v.. Soil, a Yellow Loam j thence, initil Twelve o'Clock, through Spruce and Kir \ to a Timber Road, which we followed in north-easterly about One Mile ..... .«. . .... .1 ,. . .1. i> 1 i; »™ Land X.una vo a lunoer ivoaii, wiucu «c lummun m iiuini-ia.-.i,>-..T ...-v^..v ..^..v ...... to Richibucto River; thence skirted the River to the Turtage leading to Salmon River, being near the Head of Canoe Navigation on the Riehihueto Uiver. which is there about Fifteen to Twenty Yards wide, the Current strong, but interrupted by Rocks, and sufhcient Intervale at the Kntrance to the I'ortago for One good Farm, but no tillageable Upland to within Half a Mileof lluiUon'* Brook J and I am informed that the River aliortls very few Skirtings of Intervalu in that Distance. From Pine's to the Portage, about Nine Mile.s, and tin; Distance across the Portage 2'-»0 Chains (Two Miles and Three (Quarters), low Spruce and Fir Land, with a few Ridges of Spruce, Wiiite Birch, and small Norway Pine ; light sandy Soil. Proceeded along Shore about Haifa Mile ; thenct; struck back across l5(unet Land, about West-south-west, at Three Quarters of a Mile ; intersected an old Hay Road, which we followed, the Course West-north-west, about Two Miles throngh Burnet Land, (sandy Soil); thence from West to North-west Si)ruce and Fir Land for Two Miles ; thence excellent Land timbereil with Majile, Yellow Birch, and Hemlock, Haifa Mile; oxjilored West-south-westerly, and found Hemlock Land, with a Mixture of Hard Wood, and interspersed with wild Meadows, extending by all Apiiearaiices to Salmon River; thene« travelled about One Mile through liemloek Land, jntersi)ersed with wild Meadows; and thence about Three Miles, crossing several small wild Meadow* and Branches of Richibucto River, to a Lumber Cam]* near its Head. This Distance consisted of Spruce, Fir, and Pine Swamps, and ]5arrens. Thursday 10th. — Followed a Lumber Road fiom the Uicliibiicto to the Little Fork Stream (a Branch of Salmon River), Distance about Two Miles and a Half; West-north-west. The first Two Thirds of the Distance principally Barrens, wild Meadows, and Swamjjs, the vesiiiue White and Yellow Birch, Hemlock, Pine, and some scattering Maples, (lillageable Land, but not of the best Qrility) ; traced the Brook up for nearly Two Miles, and nearly the sanu: Distaiicj down, found the same Description of Land, the Brook about Forty Feet wide at crossing Place (probably Sixteen to Twenty iu Summer). Course toward Salmon River about South '2J" West. Proceeded North-west by about One Mile, same Description ot Land; thence Haifa Mile, Pine, Hemlock, and Spruce; the Land then falls ; travelled a f< w Rods through a Sjiruce and Cedar Thicket ; thence about Three Miles through a tine Ridge of Maple, Birch, Hemlock, Spruce, and a few scattering Pines: the Ridge appeared to extend a great Distance south-westerly, and for a considerable Distance to the northward, but south-easterly and north-easterly falls into Plains and Barrens, with Spruc<' and small Red Pine Ridges. Cros.sed a Branch of the Ihg I'ork Stream, skirted with Alders, and the Banks studded with Pines ; the Stream Forty Feet Wide ; from the Api)ear- ance of the Channel, about Sixteen Feet Wide in Summer; Course South fiO" West ; thence, between Two ami Three :\Iiles, u Continuation of the same Hard Wood Ridge, being an excellent loamy Soil, easily cleared, and rather inclined to be stony : this Ridge, I have no doubt, extends to Salmon Ri\x-r. and, when settled, Roads might be opened to greater Advantage from that Quarter than from Richibucto. Thence, still westerly, about One Mile, to the Big Fork Stream; the Current rapid, Channel deep, and about !■ if teen or Sixteen Feet wide in Summer. Thence nioceeded westerly through a Con- tinuation i ' I i wiser. H.*N II ( 100 ) iroi;.. tinnationof naked Bane.H, ski.lc.l witl. .mall Spnues neave. P..iuls, wiM Mc i ws a.ul S,,nKx- and Ked Pine K.dgeH. (..ccas.ona ly uUerni.xed vv.tl. a K w S :■ S I. ' O until Saturday at Ti.n.e c/Clock 1 M uljen w. entered a I i u. RidLn- • at I'oi.r oXlock, intersected a Lumber lload, which we tollowed . ,h e'ter'iy aiout One Mile and a Half to the Hanks of the (iaspereau. w lie. we b, nd to he about Fifty Yards wide, and ^ery rapid, but not deep ; .^ecUse about South-south-..ist. Followed the Streiun up North-west by 1 oia One Mile ; Spruce. Fir. I'ine. White liirch, and W lute Maple, eoniposed le principal Pa t of the Wood ; the Soil sandy. The continued Snow Sleet - Hi Rain, for the last Two Days, with the very heavy travellinK ." the Harrens ?Ank e ep in M..ss, and near Knee deep in Water), ren.lered our Progress slo and tLlions. We crossed but One Stream of any Magnitude, which we Ige to be a principal Hranch of Sabbie's River fa hng into the ht.enne o t h.'s River. On Fri.lay we travelled across a tolerably good Rulge ot Ila.d Wood Land, about Half a Mile in Hr..idth. which extended apparently for a IJreat Distance to the Southward, but to the Northward lell almost inuned.ately into a IkuTcn. On Sunday Morning, the Trees covered with Snow, travelled northerly about On.. Mile aiul a Half; thence North-west about 1 wo A i es, crossed a deep Hrook running Nortli-east through wild Meadows and Alder Land; thence |,ore West, ami. after proceeding a few Rods, crossed a Path running Nor and South, (the Portage IVom CJaspereauto Ltienne Riyer,) tiie last Ihiee Milts through Red Pine and Spruce Ridges, intermixed with ^^'^"^ ^ ^f' 7;'' .SeveirMiles Si.nice and I'ine burnt Land, excepting tlie Bordei;s ot the ditte cnt Hrooks we crossed, which hail partially escaped the Ravages ot the l-ire ; tell in with a Lumber Camp, from which Timber had been hauled into Ltieune River ; and at the same time perceived a Hard Wood Ridge to the Southward, which I nroeceded to explore, and found a Continuation ot Hard Wood Ridges fnincipally Beech Land), and Pine and Spruce (inn es, ail burnt over, aj.pa- icntly one or two Years since i the Soil, Sand and Loam, very light : returned to the Camp. Monday 11th. — Course South 70^ West, from Five until Fight o'Clock, llirough burnt Spruce and Pine Land ; a few Strips of Beech Land, and One Ceda. Swamp in that Distance, being about Four and a Halt to I'lve Miles; thence One Mile and a ILdf, Birch, Beech, Spruce, Hemlock, and Pine, partially burnt, light sandy Soil. By climbing, found that the Ridge extended several Miles to the Southward. Tlience about Three Miles through old burn , Land, .vrown up with Cherry 'i'recs ; a great Proportion of the burnt Irees iiad blown up, which reiuk red it very difficult to tbrce our M ay forw^ml Thence until Ni.'ht, Spruce, Fir, and Pine Land ; about Four o'Clock P. M. tell m with u small Lake, whicii we suppose to be the Head ot the Gaspereau. Tuesday 15tli. —General Course, South 70° West, tiom Six to Eight ; same Descriiition of Land as ^ esterday Afternoon ; Eight until Ten. good Land, extcndiu"- Nortii and Soutli for a great Distance, timbered with Maple, IJirch, Beech, Si)ruce, Fir, Pine, and Hemlock ; thence to Little River, wliicli we rc'iched at Ten o'Clock, old burnt Land, soft Wood, intermixed with Cellar Swamps; thence until Half-past Three, burnt Land tor the first Half ot' the Time and Pine and Spruce Land for the Residue; thence about One Mile «uil aHaif excellent Ridge of Hard Wood, a Barren to the Southward, beyond which Hard Wood appears in the Distance ; exploring to the Nortiiward found a Continuation of the same Ridg2, which is too mucii inclmed to Stone. After leavino' tiie Ridge, proceeded about Half a Mile througii Spruce and Fir Land to an extensive Barren; proceeding Haifa Mile southerlv, again tell in with the Hard Wood Ridge, extending South-west : returned Halt a Mile northerly, and encamped. Wednesday Kith. — In order to avoid the Barren in front, proceeded North- west uLoutOne Mile and a Half; thence West One Mile, Pine and Spruce Land; thence mixt Land, about One Mile; when we intersected a Lumber Road, South G0° West, and an extensive Barren to the Westward. Following the Road found its general Course to vary from West to North 70° West, mixt Land, a great Nip. lit ( U'l ) a meat IVoportioii. Wnrh, IJoi'd,. anil MapK. si.nKVNi.at >UmAmt ^^ooJ tillano- Jn.>rrt*>r.ov«. able Lan.i.iimal'li' of making' a gooil Sclllcmcnt. Alter moc-eetliiv- abcut Five or Six Miles, struck the Nasliwaek, about Sixteen Miles above l-reiterutou, at wliieh Place we arrived at. Six u'floek I'. M. i ., i- , The L'eiieral Opiiuoii ] have lormeil is, that the Coimtrv aromi 1 the lorl. Streams^ thence exteiulinfr t.nvards Salninii River, aiul the ( oimtry approachiiif; the Xashwack, .■xteiulmg towards the IVmaek, pri-ri.t Adva.u ta.'es ibr forminL' Settlements on an extensive Scale. The other Hard Wood Tmets are of so small an Kxtent, or so diHieult of Access, as to rcnilei tlu'ui ineliKible H)r many Years to come. , „ „ ^ ^ (Signed) John Uiakwuh. FrcilcTiclDii, ■.Msl May l.sJ'. n. N <). i RKPORT of the Uonte from the lUnd of the PiricotniAr Kivi'ii to An'oiuti., H. Fur.Dr.uicTOv, as explored by Maumn C'iiaj-man in October _ll''.l. . 1820, and furnished to Colonel Cockuuun by Mr. Justice BoTSIOKD. 11th. — Left the Bend River North i(t" West, Five Miles, to tlie Mown- tain Settlement (as so called), a Road bein-r passable that far, Land beiiii; .rood and level; then North SS^ West, Two Miles and 'i Halt; thence North r,ry West, One Mile and a (Quarter ; thence North (i? 5" \\ est , One .Mile and a Quarter, all -ood Land ; then cross tiie North Branch ot tlie 1 eti- condiae ; thence North SS° West, Two Miles, all level Land, sandy Sm , small (hovvth of Timber, Maple, and l?irch ; continued this t'oiirse ; at the Lle\x West, generally good Land, and very level to the Forty-sixth Mile, to a line BrookT continued same Course till we came to the Salmon River, being l-ilty- one Miles and a Half; all this Way good level Land,as did the Face ot the I'orest ai).)ear all around as far as the Eye could extend. liie Salmon River appeared to have a general Course North 5.7' l^ast uj) the Stream, proceed- in.'- up Two Miles to the Mouth of the (laspereaii, where was a good .Saw m7i1 and a W est to Seventy-eight Miles and Three Quarters, to a deep Brook and good L;uut. . Tv.-.. Sfioii.is of Walter; tc. Ki-l.ly-onc Miles ami TI.R-i- Qiiarteis, tlnounlj „„.r..^Ko... Tvvoj^ti ...s ;'^^^;,^„ ",,,,?;,,,, South 1.0 West to the 1 iKhty-secoml A,yZ:ir..U. mX'; „e sVren runnin/ahoul South. ^.khI I.uhI ; the I'-'Kl'ty-'"'". '« ^■"- 7- .;„. r rl 'tilt! Miles xeiy h.^h Hard Woo.l La.ul ; the K.jrhtv-seventh M.h' r.r of t^l^^^ Mile is excelled level lleeeh La.ul, easy No,! j ,n « u . o he Xinc.t.eth Mil-, but not soil ; at the Nmety-t.rst M.le Ulllli«, II. No. N. H X«»H. INI-'OUMATION received by Lieutenajit Colonel Cockhuun, from a highly resi.ecfable and intelligent Resident in Ql'khkc, who has aevoted j^neat Attention to the Subject of Emigration. TiiioRi: are I'our Tracts of Country in theCanadas, entitled to be particiilarly considered in retL-rence to the Inciniry of !• mi-ration. Ihe I'lrst is the Iract of Country aromid Lake St. John, and the Head Waters ot the U.ver .Saguenay. The .Second is the Country lying between the rear Lines of the old Seigniories, on the South Shore of the River St. Lawrence, and the I ine dividuig the Province from the District of xMaine (United States), lie lliird is the Iract of Countrv Iving on either Side of the Canal connecting the Ottawa with Lake Ontario at Kingston. The Fourth is the Country lying on the North Shore ot the .St. Lawrence, in the Rear of the existing Settlements. The First of these Tracts comprises an Extent of about (),000,()U0 ot cii i- vable Acres of Land, in a Country better watered than any Country on the Face of the Olobe. Protected as this Country is by a Range ot Mountains to the Xoith-castward, the Climate is milder tiian at Quebec. Melons grow there in the open Air. . ... This Country seei.is to he a most important one in a military 1 omt ot V lew. T'hc River Saguenay is navigable for a Ship of the Line of the largest ,Size, tor T'wenty-seven Leagues. Its precipitous Capes render it ot easy Defence against any maritiine Force, however powerful. The Meet u))on the Hahtax .station artbrds it a complete Defence. The great Valley ot Lake St. John could not be attacked by Land ; no Enemy could march over the .Mountains by which it is on every Side surrounded. r. ■ i The Port of Tadoussac, at the Mouth of the Saguenay, is open a Fortnight or Three Weeks earlier than that of Quebec, and closes as much later. 1 he Dan.rers of the Navigation of the River St. Lawrence are saved ; it commands, as much as Quebec iloes, the Sortie of the Great Lakes, and is in more iinme- diate Connection with the Gulf, its Fisheries, and the Provinces ot New IJrunswick and Nova Scotia. In the Rear it commands the whole ot the Hudson's Hay Territory, and it is principally in Connection with the Canal am Line of Communication in the Rear of the St. Lawrence, intended to he ettectett by that great Work, that this Valley is of Importance. It has already l)een seen that a more immediate Connection with the Ocean can be kept up from Tadoussac than from Quebec; and such are the astonishing I-acilities ot internal Water Communication aitbrded by the Streams emptying themselves into Lake St. John, that there is no Portion of Lower or Upper Canada to the successful Defence or Attack of which the Po.ssession of that Lake might not be conducive, !• rom ( laJ ) From Laki- St. .lolm, ii Water l'ommunicali..ii, witli Purhifnu "uiy ln' Imil ^i"" thrc.iiL'li Lake Mi^tassiiiis anil Uiipirt's Uivir. willi .laiiKs' IJa). A likf one ^^ may Ik- had will, tlit- St. LawriMiru. tlirou^'li llu" Hatin'aii lUvcr; ami r..u, lii-r ll.roiiKlithc RiviM-St. Mainici'. or llu' niai-k Kivi-r. .,,,., , "~ \ CvaterCommiinuationwitli tin- ( )ita\va or Cnat Kivcr is alsoluul tliroiiL'Ii various Streams aiul Lak.'S emptyiii},' tliemselves into the Lake St. John •mil tlie Sanneimy, until the Sourees of the (Jalineau are reached, \s neli is ',nvi>r;.hle lor Canoes, a Distance of 'UK) Miles, ami empties it>e I mto the River Ottawa, nearly opi)osi<.> the Month of the Kin-,'ston ami Ottawa This'lVrritorv is now in the Tosscssion of a Lessee, who pa) > for it n.'itxi a Year • there remain ahoiil Fourteen Years of his Lease iine\piied ; hut it is uresumed that a Sinremler might he ol.taineil from him iiiion i ;!-y I eniis. The Seconil Tract of Country contains ako ahout (l.OdO.OiiO ol cultivable- Acres; it possesses great Ailvantages for Settlements ; hut until the ( laim ol the United Stales to a large I'ortiou of it is disposed of, it does not seem to be likely that anv Settlements will he made upon It. The Third Tract of Country lying upon the Kingston and Ottawa t ana is a most valuahle Tract of Land, under a very mild (Innate, and admirahly htteil in every Respect for locating Kmigiants. The Fourth Tract of Countrv, there is every Reason to believe, contains a liu-e (Quantity of good Land ; but little is known of it except liom the Indians and Hunters. The whole of this Tract remains to be explored. There is Reas.m to believe tiiat the whole of the Interior of this Country xvas explored and surveyed by scientilic Men in the French 1 nne, and that the I'lans were returned, and deposited in the lUnrau • A el the Country Iving between the old Seigniories and the Province Line- o, the South Shore, as that lying in the Rear ot the old Seigniories o tie North Shore, ought, it seems to me, to be exclusively appropriated to Settlements of Cam^lians. This frugal, hardy I'^^ve and polite People do oeadily coalesce with the Americans; and their Population is rediui- danrto a Degree which, in a new Country, is astonislimg, and calls tor '^The'Lnglish, Lowland Scotch, and Irish Emigrants, might be advatitageousW settled oi^the Tract of Country contiguous to the Ottawa and Kingston C anal All concur in representing tliis Country as one of the greatest Fertility. Ihc Climate is mild, and there is a great Demand tor Labour. ELI tNKV/l i. l|H'l)lll\. lit Nll.H, ( 1"! ) MIMCELLANKUl'K. A|i|ien(li<(, il. Nc..!». H. Nn. J>. IXDKX to VoiUMi; I'lusroltlii' MiNirKsol Kvidkni i, and IIi;i'Outs, relating to the Settlement of C'kown Lands in Lowi;n Canada, as submitted by ii Select (Committee to the House of Assembly of that Province* KlUS'l' IlEl'Oirr. I. T. Tachereau, Esq. Accountant ol the Country iajing between the St. Lawrence and tiie lioundary of New Brunswick.— yV/^-f ^i. ALTache, of Kamourasku — Account of River Saguiaav, Lake St. .lean, and s irrounding Country — tbrmer Kstablishmcnt of tiie .Jesuits. — l\i^^.cs ','3, ','k Colonel Houchette — Description of the Country between St. Lawrence and New Urunswick, late Teniiscoiita, with his Observations as to the Causes that retard the settling that Country — chiefly the undecided Boundary. — Pages Q5 to '-27. Robert Christie, Es,7<)5 - - ■ < '^'•gy J rrt;rf 8*. SIXTH llEPOHT, K.s.u.>.r,n..-lMsl>erieH at Metis, &c. ^.c-Z^^.s U"" ,,--- j;?^£?e;i^i^s tit- '^- -^ and (iaspe, &c. - Pages 120 /. I'i3. Lieutenant Colonel Cockhurn - respecting the Military Settlen^ent at Urth in Upper Canada, &c. &c. - P«^w l'^3 /o U8. Captain Fenwick. ILnbour-masterof Quebec- Arrival ot Lm.grant., IH'Jl - - - - 8,OoO lucK) .... 10.470 18'iy Pfl^e 1 H. SEVENTH REPORT. County of Buckingham, granted to Teni'ersons, each about 30,000 Acre., and no Improvement. — i'aijel'i. „. r«nntru A.»,e. M'Knnic, Esq. - Account of Iliver Sagu.nav. and adjacent Country — 'soil good, &c.&c. — i'«S'^^*' 52 <(i()0. Mr. James M-DouaU -Description of^R^;er S^™ «^lrS'S:t J:;;r^^Sn^S"of great De.nce. .c- Panes Gl . per Account John Neilson.-P«i'-ev7(),/7. I Louis Sirrac. Pilot of River Saguen a v - Description of Tides. &c. &c. - 1 Page 81. Francs Verroult - resided Fifty Years in the ^SZSLt^'alaTgTxrS iuteresting Inibrmation respecting <- J^^'^te. &c. and represent g highly cafculated for Settlement. -iV-c* 90. 100. i Alexander Fra.er, Esq. - Description of River Saoue.a.. and the Country I lyinn- towards the River St. Maurice. — Pa^^e 101. ■' ° .., ^. „,. rononl rpsnectinir Surveys taken ot 1 JosephBouchette, Esq., Sun eyoi Genera -respecting ^^^^^ I Lowe/ Canaoa- general Remark f J^^/^^J^J^ explored - Observa- Canada 150,000 superficial Miles — 2^,000 or dO,ouu txp u c lions on Saglenay. &c. — Page lOl. 1 Paschal Tache - particular Description of the Saguenay Country, &c. - ' Pages 113 to 117- j^ ^ INDEX fl''-^ 1(1 f'i ut r; t': '"i[ MrsiF.I.LANEOUS. Appendix, H. No. 9. C lUti ) INDKX to Voix'MF, tlie Second < tlie Mjnutf.s of Kviuence, and Reports, relating to the Si;ttl':mk\t of Crown Lands in Lower Canada, as submitted by a Select Committee to tlie House of Assembly of that Province. APPENDIX to TENTH KEPOIIT. Louis Montizambert, Esq. and Andrew William Cochran, Esq. — concerning the Fees payable on Grants of Land and other oHicial Duties. — Page 8. a Road from St. Lawrence to payr •Joseph IJouchette, Esq., Surveyor General' Fredericton. ' N. B. — Account of St. John's River, Madavvaska, &c. kc. — Pages <) to 12. Major Elliott — Description of Madawaska Settlement, and Line of Road FROM St. Lawrence to Portage by Temiscouta — Po])ulation of Madawaska Settlement, 182,'J, 1)00 ^ouh. — Pages 13 to 1?. CiiARi.ES Tacue, the elder, of Komousoska — respecting the SAGUENAY RIVER, Lake St. Jean, Chicoutamy — Description of a Tract of Country lying from Cape Alert, on the Saguenay, to Source of River St. Mau.ice, Seventy or Eighty Leagues long by Forty or Fifty wide, extremely fertile. — Pages l<»/o22. Way Bill and Post Route, from Halifax to Quebec— Distance 63(ii Miles — Seventeen Days performing in December 1821. — Pages '2% 23. Edward Isaac Man, Esq. — Remarks on Madawaska and the Country in rear of old Settlements on the St. Lawrence from Point Levi to Cacona, with Observations on proposed Road from Metis to Chaleur — Expences of surveying new Country, 29*. per MWe. — Pages 24. to 27. ,/. Bouchettc, Esq. jmvor — Description of Gaspe — Bay of Chaleur to St. Lawrence — River Ristigouche, &c. &c. — Matapediac — Soil, &c. &c. — Pages '21 to 33. Mr. Ruggles AVright's Description of Land laying between the St. Maurice and Ottawa Rivers — particularly good — Clergy Reserves, &c. against Improve- ment — well calculated for English or Irish Emigrants — new Emigrants, good Axe Men in a few Months — in Three or Four Years clear Twenty or Thirty Acres Land — acquire a Cow, Oxen, &c. &c. — Pages 3r> to 3f). John Neilson, Esq. —Opinion of a Party necessary to explore a new Country — One Manager, 15s. per Day — Three Indians, ,55. = 15,s. — Two Farmers, r>s. - 10,v., say 'KI>-. per Day for One Month, is £60. — Lower Canada suited to Culture of Hemp. — Pages 37 to 4-2. Mr. P. Wright's Statement in Massachusets. — Pages 43 to 5'j. Hull— Ottawa Soil superior to any in Colonel Bouchette, Surveyor General — respecting Maj.. and Surveys of i . Lower Canada — Country laying between the Saguenay and St. Maurice ' I Rivers — Lake Temiscouta, Nine Leagues long, One or Two Miles and a Half wide. — Pages (il to 03. David Stuart, Esq. — Account of Indians that inhabit the Country laying I j between St. Maurice River and the Mingcn Seigniory and Coast of Labrador — ' ' in all about 700 Souls. — P'.tge 63 to ()4. Mr. Richard Deloughery — statistical Account of the new Settlement of i Valcartier, — Page (5 1. ' Robert Christie, Esq. — au Account of River Ristigouche — Madawaska — i 1 Soil good, and well adapted for Settlement. — Pages (i5 to G7. ' ' 7 v. T. Tacherau, ( 1<»7 ) I T. T. Tacheraii, Esq. — Answer to Kiglit Questions, respecting the llisti- I gouclie, Mailawaska, and Temiscouta, which he represents extremely fertile, and well adapted for Settlement. — Pages 67 to 73. I Relative to various Roads on the South Side of the St. Lawrence, towards ! the Townships — Pages 7