IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) '^O ^ ^ 4^ 1.0 I.I ■^ Ui2 12.2 ii£ 12.0 lU lU IL25 IIII.4 Sciences Corporalion 23 WeST MAIN STRIET WIBSTIR.N.Y. 14S80 (716)872-4303 ) !>* CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/iCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Tachnicai and Bibliographic Notaa/Notat tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibllographieally uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. □ Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur |~n Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagia □ Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurAa at/ou palliculia □ Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua □ Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gtegraphiquaa wt coulaur I I CI n D Colourad ink li.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) pn Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ D Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rail* avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La re liura sarrte paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion la long da la marga intiriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II sa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutiaa lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, mais. loraqua cala Atait poaaibla, caa pagaa n'ont paa AtA fiimiaa. Additional commants:/ Commantairaa supplAmantairaa.- L'Inatitut a microfilmi la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a itA poaaibla da aa procurer. Las details da cat axamplaira qui sont paut-Atra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier una imaga raproduite, ou qui pauvent axiger une modification dana la mithoda normala da filmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. r~*| Colourad pagaa/ D S D D D D D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagiaa Pagaa raatored and/or laminated/ Pagaa reatauriaa at/ou paliiculiaa Pagaa diacoiourad. stained or foxed/ Pagaa dicolortes. tachat^es ou piquies Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa dAtachias Showthrough/ Tranaparanca Quality of print variaa/ Qualiti inAgaia da I'impreaaion Includaa supplementary material/ Comprand du matirial auppKmantaire Only adition available/ Saula Mition diaponibia Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, ate, hava baen refiimed to enaure the best possible Image/ Laa pages totalament ou partlellement obacurcias par un feuillat d'errata. une pelure, etc.. ont M filmtes A nouveau da fapon A obtenir la meillaure imaga possibla. Thia Itam is filmed at the reduction ratio checked balow/ Ce document est film* au taux da reduction indiqui ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X Tht copy flimad h«r« has b««n roproducMl thanks to tho gonorosity of: MadiMl Library MeGill University IMontrMl Tho imagoa appoaring horo aro tho boot quality posaiblo considoring tho condition and iogibiiity of tho original copy and in icaoping with tho filming contract tpacifieationa. L'oxomplairo film4 fut roproduit grico i la g4n4roaiti do: Mwlical Library MeGill University Montreal Loo imagoa auhrantaa ont 4tA roproduitoa avac io plua grand aoin, compto tonu do la condition ot do la nattati da raxomplaira filmA. ot on conformity avac ioa conditiona du contrat do fllmaga. Original copioa In printad papor covors aro flimod beginning with tho front covor and anding on tho last pago with a printad or iiiuatratad improa- •ion, or tho back covor whon approprioto. All othor original copioa aro flimod beginning on tho first paga with a printad or iiiuatratad improa- sion. and ending on tho last pago with a printed or illustrated Impression. Lee exemplairee origineux dont la couverturo en pepior oet imprimte sont filmte en common^nt par Io premier plat at en torminett soit par la damiAro page qui comporto une empreinte d'improssion ou d'lllustration, soit par la second plat, salon Io caa. Tous lee autres exempleiros origineux sont flimte en commen^ant par la pramlAro page qui comporto une empreinte dimprossion ou dHlustretion ot en terminant par la dernlAro page qui compdrto une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol «-^ (mooning "CON- TINUED"), or tho symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichever applies. Un dee symboles suhranta apperettra sur la demMre imego do cheque microfiche, selon Io caa: io symbdo -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", Io symboki ▼ signifie "FIN". Mapa, plates, charts, etc.. may bo filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoeo too largo to bo entirety included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper loft hend comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framoa aa required. The following diagrama illustrate tho method: Lee eartee. planchoe, tableaux, etc;, pouvont Atre flimte i dee taux do rMuction diffAronts. Lorsquo Io document est trop grand pour Atre roproduit en un soul ciichA. 11 est filmA A partir do I'anglo supAriour gauche, do geuche A droite, ot do haut en boa, on prenant la nombro d'imogos nAcossairo. Los diagrammos suivants iiiuatront la mAthodo. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 N ] dWv\S I^SM \aJ • Reprinted from the New York Medical Journal for November 28, 1896. A NOTE UPON SERUM DIAGNOSIS BY MEANS OF DRIED BLOOD SAMPLES IN (EXPERIMENTAL) CHOLERA. By WYATT JOHNSTON, M. D., and E. W. HAMMOND, MONTREAL. (From the Molson Faihological Laboratory, McGHll University, ) The announcement made by Achard and Bensaude {La Presse medicate, September 26, 1896; abstract in New York Medical Journal, November 7, 1896) that they had successfully employed serum diagnosis in all of eleven cases of cholera, has led us to publish briefly the result of some experiments we have been making to see if drops of dried cholera blood form a suitable ma- teria IT obtaining and testing the serum reaction. Not havi -^ the blood of cholera patients at our disposal, we experimented on rapidly immunized guinea-pigs. We find that when the blood serum of an animal gives a good reaction in the fresh state the reaction may also be obtained by moistening a drop of the dried blood with water and mixing it with an actively motile cholera culture. The cholera culture employed was one isolated by Dunham in 1893/ from a case in New York and trans- COPTRIQHT, 1896, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. 2 SERUM DIAGNOSIS IN CHOLERA. mittcd to the laboratory in 1893 by Professor Welch, of Johns Hopkins. This was brought up to a high degree of virulence by passing it through a series of guinea- pigs until intraperitoneal injection killed ip ten hours, and subcutaneous injection in twenty hours. From a tenth to half a loopful of sterilized sus- l)ensions of a twenty-hour growth in agar was injected beneath the skin or into the peritonaeum of guinea- pigs, and was followed by prompt loss of weight. The larger doses usually produced promptly the character- istic blood reaction in the course of a few days, varying in intensity with the different animals. The reaction was found well developed in one case within three days and a half after the dose. Here the animal died from a secondary infection. The dried blood, first examined two days after the animal's death, gave the reaction to perfection, extensive clumping tak- ing place in the momentary interval between mixing the drop of dried-blood solution with the culture and bringing it under the microscope. Positive results were obtained in the cases of two other guinea-pigs inocu- lated on the same day. Check examinations of healthy animals and of these inoculated with very minute doses gave negative results. From this it appears that the sending of samples of dried blood is likely to suffice for the serum test. We hope before long to receive samples of dried cholera blood sent us under conditions which will be such as to give the method a practical test. The fact that Achard and Bensaude found the reac- tion present even as early as the first day (in non-fatal cases) should make it invaluable in the diagnosis of cholera. SERUM DIAGNOSIS IN CHOLERA. 8 We have been surprised to find the ease with which the typical serum reaction, though not complete im- munity, could be induced in animals by even a single dose of typhoid and cholera culture. A preliminary protective dose is not strictly neces- sary, but it guards against loss of the animals by an accidental overdose. We have followed Pfeiffer's recommendation to wait until the loss of weight of the animal is made up before repeating the dose.