rki IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^ >. .V :<^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 u 14.0 \2A 2.0 HA 7] ^'^ /^ Hiotografdiic SdeDces CorpQixiiliGii ^ \ y <^ 23 WK MAIN STREfT 'r«STEII,N.Y. t4SS0 (716) •72-4503 '^ 4^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/tCIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historicai Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiq ues •pp T«chnicai and Bibliographio Notaa/Notaa taehniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad *o obtain tha baat original copy availabia for fiiming. Faaturaa of thia copy whicli may ba bibiiograpliically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaclcad balow. D D D D Colourad covara/ Couvartura da couiaur I I Covara damagad/ Couvartura andommagte □ Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raataurte at/ou paliicuiia □ Covar titia miaaing/ La titra da couvarvura manqua Coiourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa en couiaur Colourad inic (i.a. othar than biua or blacic)/ Encra da couiaur (i.a. autra qua biaua ou noira) Coiourad plataa and/or iliuatrationa/ Planchaa at/ou iliuatrationa an couiaur Bound with othar matarial/ RaiiA avac d'autraa documanta |~^ Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La TB iiura aarrte paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da ia diatortion la long da la marga intiriaura Bianic iaavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa ajoutAaa lora d'una ra&tauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta. mala, ioraqua caia Atait poaaibia, caa pagaa n'ont paa it€ fiimiaa. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa aupplAmantairaa: T to L'Inatitut a microfilm* la mailiaur axamplaira qu'ii iui a 4t4 poaaibia da aa procurar. Laa dAtaila da cat axamplaira qui aont paut-*tra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raprodulta, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana ia mithoda normala da filmaga aont indiqute ci-daaaoua. I I Coiourad pagaa/ D □ Pagaa da couiaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagtea Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa raataurAaa at/ou pailiculAaa I — I Pagaa damagad/ r~1 Pagaa raatorad and/or lamEnatad/ Tl P o fl O b( th ai ot fii ai( or Pagaa diacoiourad, atainad or foxad/ Pagaa dteoiortea, tachatAaa ou piquAaa Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa dAtachtea Showthrough/ Tranaparanca Quality of priri QualitA in^gala da I'impraaaion fncludaa aupplamantary matarii Comprand du material auppi^mantaira Only adition availabia/ Sauia Mition diaponibia ry\ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print variaa/ I I fncludaa aupplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition availabia/ Ti ah Tl w M di^ ai H b^ rig ra« mi Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by arrata alipa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafilmad to anaura tha baat poaaibia imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiailamant obacurctaa par un fauiilat d'arrata, una palura, ate, ont itA fiimAaa it nouvaau da fapon it obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibia. Thia itam ia filmad at tha raduction ratio chaclcad ImIow/ Ca documant aat filmA au taux da rMuction indiqui ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 2SX 30X V 12X 16X aox 24X 28X 32X Th« copy flim«d h«r« has b««n r«produo«d thankt to th« o«n«rMity of: Library of tha Public Archivaa of Canada L'axamplaira filmi fut raproduit grica A la gAfiAroaitA da: La bibllothAqua dc Archivoa publiquas du Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaaibia conaidaring tha condition and iagibility of tha original copy and in icaaping with tha filming contract apaclficationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or liluatratad impraa- aion. or tha bacic covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha f irat paga with a printad or liluatratad impraa- alon. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or {JIuatratad Impraaaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha ahall contain tha aymbol ^^- (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol y rful that there should prevail, in this Colony, very incor- rect ideas as to the nature of a University, and the ])ecuniary amount required for its elfeclive establishment. Hut no ono who is qualified to form an opinion on the subject, no one- practical ly acquainted with the statistical details ol' such mat- ters, will charge us with exaggeration, if we say, tliat to ci^tab- lish, on the most economical footing, any thing deserving the name or fitted for the purposes of a University, and that too without a Medical School, or with a very imjicrfect one, would require a sum of at least £100,000, or one tiiird of that amount in hand, and a yearly revenue equal to the interest of the remainder. Nor would even that sum achieve the de.^ ired result, unless the duty of two or three Professors were con- joined, and committed to single Instructors, until the number ofp'ipib'., and consoquently the amount of tuition-fees, should fiU" exceed any thing iliat, on the system of separate Universi- ties, can be expected for some generations in Canada. We may, it is true, if we please, imitate the inhabitants of the neighbouring Republic, mistaking a warning for an exam- ple. The Appendix to the Twenty fourth Report of the American Edu;ational Society, now lying on the table at which these remarks are penned, exhibits precisely one hun- dred separate Universalities and Colleges, (exclusive of merely w m I !! t\ I ■ : UNIVERSITY QUESTION. Theological and Medical Institutes,) established within the United States previously to 1840. Almost all, if not all, of these exercise, it is believed. University powers, so far as to confer degrees in Arts. A third of them, or probably more, are in the habit of conferring also degrees in Divinity, Law, and Medicine. In fifteen of these (so-callod) Universities or Colleges — some of the fifteen founded as far back as 1794, and consequently, at the date of the Report, /o»% tix years in operation — the average number of Instructors of every degree, all departments included, was three mid one fifth ; the ave- rage of Students, nine ; the average of volumes in the respect- ive Libraries, 102G — a smaller number tlian is contained in tlie private library of every second professional man in the United Kingdom, and far below tliat of many a Scottish paro- chial library. Of all the American Universities not one, ex- cept those of Harvard and Yale, has a library of 20,000 volumes. Now — estimating the population of the United States, at the date of the Report, at seventeen millions^ and that of Canada West, nt present, at somewhat above half a million^ we are already, with three Universities in that part of the Province, on a level with our Republican neighbours. But is this state of things — the ridicule of the European world of letters — and of which the result is supeificial instruction and empiricism — to bo a model for the Legislature of a British Colony ? There are, we have no doubt, persons who imagine that such statistics give evidence of a prosperous state of learninir, and who think, because a multitude of common and grammar schools is an undeniable blessing, that Universities cannot be too plentiful. We can only hope that such persons have not found their way into a Legislative Assenibly to which Divine Providence has committed the responsibility of dealing with such questions. But in whatever way — v;hether by frittering down the funds of King's College, or by liberal and adequate endowment through an unnecessary waste of the public means — we estab- lish separate Universities, one result certainly awaits us. We shall have men of high attainments in scifice and literature, UNIVERSITY QUESTIOX. It here and there spending their lives and energies in lecturing to spiritless half-dozens of pupils, with the same expenditure of labour which would have availed for the instruction of hun- dreds, and infinitely less of that zeal which stimulates and sus- tains the laborious ; while in vain we shall look to find, amid the thinly attended halls of our numerous Seminaries, that spirit-stirring intellectual activity, that University air, which gives life to great literary effort, and fans the flame of youthful genius. What is a University ? — for elementarv in the con- sideration of the subject as the question may be, we feel that it is needful to ask it — What is a University ? Not a mere Charter, and endowment, and staff of Teachers in various branches of art and science — not a mere infundibulum of knowledge, of this and that kind, into the intellect and the recep- tacles of the memory — but a miniature world — a commonwealth of varied dispositions and tastes and talents — in which mnn is not merely taught to know, but trained and stimiihited amid ihe multitude of his fellows, to reason, and to act, and io excel, in all matters intellectual and moral — in which, not more by the instructions of qualified preceptors, than by tlie inspiriting contact of other minds, engaged in friendly rivalry in similar pursuits, the early spark of talent is kind'ed — the individual capacity experimentally ascertained and strengthened — the erratic bent of individual taste and genius restrained and bene- ficially directed — the energy of the individual will repressed where excessive,and invigorated where vt'eak — the timidity and self-distrust which are not seldom the natural accompaniments of the finest powers, and the presumption as often attendant on limited abilities, alike worn off before the period of public action, and with infinitely less cost and .pain than in the ruder school of worldly experience — where, in short — by the play and action of mind on mind, the future guardians of man's best interests are led each to know in some measure practically his appropriate part ere he comes forth to perform it — and where all this goes on under the direction and example of the learned, the wise, and the pious. ■nrnHMRiRi ;pii w f]\ ( I t f I lilii 12 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. And how is tliis great object to be realized in a thinly peopled country like ours, by the system of separate Universities ? Let us do all we can to concentrate the matured and nascent talent of the Province, many years must pass by before we can possibly have in Canada West a University possessing that great essential to efficiency — a sufficiency of Students under a corps of Teachers enabled, by a proper division of the branches of science, fully to do them justice. The number of youth at this moment pursuing,in that part of the Colony, what may be pro- |:>erly called University studies, students of Medicine included, does not certainly app, each one hundred. To delay to legis- late in such a manner as shall, if possible, bring these together, is a sufficient neglect of the true interests of learning. To legislate so as that they shall necessarily be kept apart, or that any party shall find it its interest to keep them asunder, were a blunder worthy of Goths. Of such a self-defeating course cheapness would be no recommendation. What then shall we say of it, with the certainty before us of its entailing on the public treasury demands without end, and which it will be impossible, because unjust, to refuse. That this will be the result is pro- ved already by tlie numerous petitions on the table of the House for aid to rival Academies. But this consideration, we again say, is not the truly important one. If the system of separate Universities be ihe best, then — whatever be the cost — let the Parliament, to the lull extent of its available means, proceed to I^rovide for the people and thoir descendants that which next i!) RiglUeousness, " exalteth a nation" — solid Learning, and true Science. But so far from being the best mode of ad- vancing these precious interests, it is so surely the worst, that wore it our express aim to doom Canada to a lasting and hope- loss mediocrity in every literary and scientific pursuit, we couH not more effectually attain it than by the system of separate Universities witJi our present population, each twinkling like a rush light, and, instead of illuminating, itself scarce visible amid the darkness around. Let this system be encouraged, and many a generation will pass over our heads, ere that Spirit of Learning, which dwells, as the genius locij in the ancient ?,ca« UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 13 clemic bowers of Europe, will visit our desolate halls and drowsy atmosphere. And while such will be the inevitable effects of the system of separate Universities on the interests of Education, what will be its bearings on our social condition 9 In attempting to appreciate these, we have to set out from the considei ation that these Universities will be, not merely separate^ but sectarian. The adoption of that system by the Legislature will amount to a public proclamation of the impossibility, the hopelessncsis, if not the undesirableness, of the various sections of the Religious Community " dwelling together in unity as brethren ;" — and the surest Avay will have been taken of realising the dismal foreboding, by rendering it all but impracticable for our children to understand each other better than we have done, — by furnishing each denomination, at the public expense, with the means of training the flower of its youth, not for public but party purposes, non reipublicoi sed sibi ; and of perpetuating the self destroying feuds by which our Province has hitherto been lacerated. We shall have established schools not of science^ but of sect^ in which the minds of our youth will be steeped for years in the gall and vinegar of partizan distrust and animosity, and from which the educated, and therefore influential, members of the community will come forth in yearly bands, only the better qualified at the public cost.^ to be public pests, and towage an incessant war with the nurslings of rival Seminaries. Is it unfair therefore to characterize the scheme of separate Universities, however or to whatsoever extent endowed, as a system by which, at four times the cost of what would be a blessing alike to the cause of learning and of social concord, we entail a blight at once on the genius and peace of future ge- nerations, and ensure the permanence and growth of the yev^ evils which constitute the difficulty of this question and so many others ? How incomparably more vr'v"^ and noble were it, for the Legislature of this rising Country, viewing this question in the light of futurity, to provide, if possible, in its settlement, not for Sr;* 14 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. ii! 1 i!|i ! liii 1 il'i ; f, ! I ; s I ilh the continuance, but for the extinction, of our differences ; or for the gradual amelioration of the spirit by which in our day tliese differences are embittered ! To compel men to lay aside their formal distinctions in matters of religion, is beyond the province of the civil legislator, but to sanction and to cherish these differences is criminal ; to do so at a burdensome cost to the public is most unwise ; to do so with the certainty of there- by perpetuating civil broils and increasing the difficulties of future legislation, is a disgraceful neglect of the immediate duty which devolves upon him. Without repeating the trite ab- surdity, rung in the ears of public men on every occasion, that " the eyes of the world are upon them," we may surely remind our Leoislators, that Providence, by the peculiarity of the times and diliiculties amid which it has called them to act, and by the power which it lias placed in their hands of providing for the abatement or the increase of these difficulties in after da^ ^!, has assigned them a post of no ordinary responsibility and honour ; that according as they act in the moulding of our infant Insti- tutions, they will earn the gratitude or the maledictions of many generations ; that however wisely and well they may discharge their functions in all other matters, they will appear, in the light of futurity, to have been most untrue to their trust, or incapable of its discharge, ^f then, when it might most easily have been done, they shall not have provided for at least the gra- dual decay of our social evils, and for the consolidation of the in- habitants of this land, whose origin and views are so various, into one friendly and harmonious people. And how, as re- gards the subject of these remarks, could this be more hopefully attempted, than by establishing the Provincial University on such a footing as to ensure the confidence and support of all sections of the inhabitants, and making it their delight and their interest to commit their sons, in one body, to its care. That such was the aim of those whose abilities and exertions pro- cured the amendment of the Charter of King's College in 1836, is well known. But that their aim has been defeated by those whose actual possession of the Institution has rendered these amendments a dead letter, weeds no proof beyond the manifest it ! I'. UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 15 unwillingness, (with a few exceptions, easily accounted for, and more than counterbalanced by the number of Episcopa- lians in attendance on the Seminaries of other denominations,) by the unwillingness of non-Episcopalians to i,end their sons to that Institution, and by the mass of petitions which have poured, and are pouring, into our Legislative hills, for some eflfectual Act which will no longer permit the amendments to be unmeaning, and make the University of real general utility. From such an Act, if passed, we may anticipate the most bless- ed results. By concentrating into one focus the literary and scientific light to be found in the Province — by enabling those who possess it, by a division of labour in harmonious union, to promote its advancement, — by procuring for our youth that necessary stimulus which a number of competitors alone can furnish, we shall give at once an impulse to learning ; we shall open an arena on which exertion will indeed be an honour ; and we shall, instead of yearly squabbles for fresh sectarian endowments, have our common aflfections and interests cen- tred in one noble Seminary ,whicli will be a credit to the land, and may be the means of holding out to this New World an example worthy of imitation, and which, amid all its progress, it still requires. But greater and more important still than all this, would be the effect of this congregating together of our ingenuous youth, on the social interests of this hitherto discordant land. Brought together at an age when political passions and prejudices have not yet been formed — trained together during those years when the heart is open to every kind and generous impression — learning to know and respect each other for those qualities which are truly estimable and honorable — linking themselves to ^ach other in those early friendships which know no party, and which influence, even if they do not last through, life — rivals only in a generous emulation for distinction in the catholic pursuits of science, — they would separate to enter on their pub- lic and professional career, bearing with them — as from the home of a common mother, to which they would look back with equal love, and in whose welfare they would be alike interest- 16 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. : iilt! i ii! i^:i « I] 'ill ii i I! Ii ,:i I'. ed — the ties of an invisible yet indissoluble brotherhood, and happier timn their fathers have been, would feel, in all their future dilforences, the mellowing influence of early companion- ships and old associations. Nee enim est aanctius sacris iisdemj quam studiis initiari. And who shall predict that out of this might not even one day arise, that which we now scarce dare to hope for, a termi- n..tion of those religious feuds which are our bane, our misery, and our disgrace ? Surely we are not for ever to quarrel as we do ? And surely we may well hail with satisfaction what- ever affords even one ray of hope that those who have "one Lord'* and "one faith," may yet be blended into one. If we look only to the leaders of our ecclesiastical factions, we can find but little ground for hoping that from them, in their present posture of separation, which sets even all hope of conference at an end, the healing of the evil may come. While, on the one hand, one party, holding high the necessity of visible unity, refuses nevertheless to adopt any more likely method of effecting it, than by ordering ever and anon,with sten- torian imperiousness, all who are without its pale to fall into its ranks, — and, on the other hand, such unity is, in plain con- tempt of the dying words of the Redeemer, despised as unne- cessary, and the impracticable and visionary theory indulged of peace and brotherly love being maintained by those who are determined to remain ranged under separate banners — in such a state of things, surely all may view with gratitude any pro- vidential opening, of whatever kind, through which, by parties being brought to know and understand each other better, a glimpse of happier times may be descried. Such an opening in this Province, it is, we believe, in the power of the Legisla- ture to afford, in the settlement of the question under conside- ration. What now is the great impediment which mainly hinders this object, so desirable, from being realized ? That which renders it so desirable — Religious division. We ncTf come to the master-difficulty of the question. 'I * i UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 17 It may occur, and no doubt has occurred to sotne minds, on a superficial view of this matter, that the great difficulty, on the consideration of which we have entered, may be got over by simply providing that, in conformity with the spirit of the Amended Charter, the Divinity School now existing in King's College shall be abolished, that the Chapel shall be closed, and that in future the subject of Religion shall form no part, practically, of the University system ; remaining only, in a theoretical form, in the present test imposed on Officials — namely, a declaration of" belief in the Inspiration of the Scrip- tures and in the doctrine of the Trinity." Now as a preliminary this may be so far well. But if this be all that is to be done, what will be the result ? An expec- tation on the part of all parties to whom the offices of the University wUl then be practically, what they are now theoretically^ alike open — that in appointments to these offices, the patronage will he exercised, not with a simple regard to the interests of Science alone, hut with a regard to the due representation in the University, of each denom- inalion,through the medium of these offices ; Sf to the main- tenance of the balance of power, {if we may so term it,) by their fair distribution among all parties. Every vacan- cy will give rise to a political or sectarian cabal. In every appointment to a Professorship, the enquiry will be directed, not to scientific or literary merit alone, but to specific Re- ligious connection. A candidate of undoubtedly the highest qualifications may be setasif^e, to admit of the introduction ol one much inferior, to preserve the balance of power ; or,if select- ed may give rise, by his appointment,to interminable clamours, and may really give a preponderance to a party too powerful already. This is a defect of the Institution under the amend- ed, charter of 1836, and which would have been visible to all, had the spirit of the amendments been fairly carried out ; and under a new amendment, such as that of which we now speak, we should only have a continuance of the jealousies and bick- erings from which it professed to free us. But a fault even greater than that we have mentioned is 18 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. V, o •harguablc on this scheme, and will ere long prove it to have been founded in views altogether superficial. If the object of parties and of the Legislature be only to get rid of Religion al- together as an element of education, no means of attaining that bject could be more direct or simi)le than to carry the propo- sal we have stated into effect — if it were not better at once to adopt the views of one Girard, a huckster of Philadelphia, who left a large fortune to establish an educational Institution in that city, on the express condition that Religion should not be mentioned within its walls, and that no Minister of Religion, ol any denomination whatever, should for ever in any wav be connected with its administration. But arc the people of Canada prepared for this ? We should be compelled to form a very different opinion of them from that which we entertai\i, could we believe that they contemplate any advantage to be derived from an Institution, of which the professed excellence should be to ediicate their sons in human learning, apart entirely from the lessons of Christianity. And who that knows the mutually ruinous influence of )'uimg men on each other when congregated in a large town, at the age when the passions are strongest, and the mind most open to the poison of those infidel theories of which the great recom- mendation is, that they prom'se impunity in unrestrained in- dulgence, will seriously favour for a moment a project whicli recommends itself by offering to free youth, so situated, from the influence of all religious superintendence whatever? We ex- l)ect from the Legislature in this matter a tender care of those principles without which intellectual acquirements are but a sword in the hand of a madman ; we demand that it shall act under a feeling of the parental relationship in which it stands to the people, and legislate as a father for his children. And who does not foresee that, under the system now before us, al- though not one of the Instructors of youth were other than a firm believer in the truths he had professed in subscribing the University test, yet as a consequence of the silence imposed on every Instructor as a duty, in all matters of religion^ and of the enacted absence of all religious guidance^ our ; :^ UNIVERSITY QUESTION. Id youth would be thrown together to ferment in a mass oi' moral corruption — and would come forth — after years spent in the acquisition of mere terrestrial science, without one lesson, from the lips on which they have learned to hang with admiration, on the great interests of truth and righteousness — to prove the leaven of iniquity and unbelief in the land? This argument has lost much of its power, we are well aware, by being oficii heard from the mouths of those whose professed regard for Re- ligion is purely political, and proved to be so by their own lives. But let no man, on this account, be betrayed into the suspicion that its soundness is impaired by the hands wiiich employ it, or think that because religion has but a limited ef- fect there when it is maintained and inculcated, matters would not be infinitely worse were it cashiered and silenced. But besides all this, let us consider with some attention tiie fate, under this system, of the University as a school of more Literature and Science. Now here we would appeal to factt;. and not satisfy ourselves with merely plausible speculations. It is well known that in the Universities of England, and we have high aulhoritv for believing the same to be the case in those of Scotland, the groat majority of the Students in the Faculty of Arts, — nay a large majority of the whole number — if the Medical Students be set aside — is made up of those who are destined to the Clerical profession. "For example," (says Dr. Chalmers, writing on College endowments,) — "no one can receive a license, or of course be admitted to a living in the Church (of Scotland,) wiio ])as not, (amon^ other pre- scribed University studies,) fulfilled a CQwrse of Natural Phi- losophy. And we have no doubt that, to t)iis regulation, the College classes, throughout Scotland, of this nobU science, are indebted for at least a seven-fold greater attendance, than they would otherwise enjoy." Let it be borne in mind also, that while the majority of the Undergraduates in Arts thus consists of candidates for the Christian Ministry, almost the whole of the minority is formed of two other classes, the sons of the independent nobility and gentry of the land, and aspi- rants to the higher branches of the legal profession. Of thti 1^ 20 UNIVERSITY qUESTION. IJ former of Ihese classes Canada — a country of limited fortunes, and very few of the wealthiest inhabitants of which are yet elevated above the ordinary pursuits of commerce — cannot be expected for generations to furnish many, while from the mode in which legal studies are pursued, namely, in the offices of Professional men throughout the Province, the number of Law Students must be insignificant who can yield a lengthened at- UsndancG on any University. For a supply of Students, there- fore, our Provincial University must look, in a great measure at least, to the youth who aspire to the Christian Ministry. And can it be expected that the Religious Boilics of Canada will look with favour on a system by which their youthful can- didates for the holiest of all offices, would, before reaching the hands of those who may be appointed to conduct their Theolo- gical studies, be thrown loose for three or four years in an Institution the very characteristic of which is to be the absence of all religious instruction ? Impossible. It will be their im- mediate object and endeavour, in the face of all difficulties, to provide not only, (as in any case they must do,) for the strict- ly theological education of their youthful Ministers, but also for their preliminary literary and scientific training. And, compelled to this, it will be their object and interest, the most sacred and highest of all interests, to attract all the other stu- dents furnished by their respective denominations, /rom the Provincial Institution,to those private Universities which they will have been under the necessity of establishing. And not- v/ithstanding the great disadvantages under which these Insti- tutions may labour, as schools of mere literature and science, compared with the University at Toronto, there cannot be a doubt that they will be sustained by every wise and religious parent in tlie land. And to whatever degree, thus sustained, they may succeed, King's College will, in that degree, be useless to the community, while the real education of youth will be carried on, under many disadvantages, in unendowed In- stitutions throughout the Province. The Medical School alone will flourish, while attendaijce on the literary and scien- tific lectures of the University will be confined to the few r^- UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 21 vouths who, from the circumstance of their parents residing; in ^Toronto, may not incur the danger to which others would be exposed, and to those who, pursuing avocations altogether un- connected with literature, may be desirous of attending irregu- larly a few lectures on the more attractive branches. The consequence of this will be that instead of a University, a fountain of deep and sound learning and exalted science, a seat of laborious and thorough mental discipline, we shall have a huge Mechanics' Institute for the benefit of Toronto alone, the Officials of which will ere long degenerate into mere " syllabub lecturers" to fashionable and superficial audiences. On the other hand, should those who are compelled in tliesc circum- stances to erect denominational Seminaries for themselves, not succeed^ — and it can hardly be expected that they will succeed in every case — then Science will be the portion of unbelief, and Religion be combined with inferior acquirements. The husks will be the share of Faith and Morality — the substance of infidelity and empiricism. Now surely this is neither the interest nor the wish of the inhabitants of Canada. They desire that a great public Insti- tution be established on an impartial footing, but that that im- partiality be shewn by its being made available to all, not useless or mischievous to all. They wish to receive the benefit of the public endowment for the literary and scientific educa- tion of their offspring, but they wish to receive it along with, not apart from, that without which learning is not a boon but a curse — religious principle and training. They ask wholesome food for the minds of their youth; and by the scheme we speak of you give them what is useless or pernicious — "a stone," or "a serpent." . King's College is now, at all events, a benefit to a fraction of the population, it would then be a benefit to none. Now if all that is to be done is to sever Religion from the University foundation, and to make no provision for it at all, every friend of truth throughout the Province will, we trust, arise as one man, and with united voice put down a project the accomplishment of which must, as we have shewn, be ruin ,•• i 22 UNIVERSITY (QUESTION. iilike to our Science and our Faitli. They will, we trust, like the mother of the living child before the tribunal of Solomon, a hundred fold rather surrender the University endowment to the present dominant party in King's College, than consent to a stroke which, under pretence of a bcnetit to the Country, will, by separating Religion from Learning, be the death of both. But let that party hold its ill-got advantage with the assurance that, like the pretended parent in the case referred to, it is indebted for its tenure to the forbearance and i)icty of high- souled men, whose choice lay between tlie silent sud'oring of cruel injustice and the favoring of open irreligion, and who, by the grace of God, chose the former, " committing themselves to Him that judgeth riglUeously." That there are, among tlie party in posesssion of King's College, some few ready to retain their hold even in such opprobrious circumstanc:cs, they themselves have not left us room to doubt. But, happily, the Province is not reduced, as tliey would persuade it, to the al- ternative of permitting them to do so, or of opening tlie flood- gates of infidelity on its youth. To banish then the direct influence of the Churcii of England from the University, and with it all religious influence, and to think that, when this has been done, all has been done that is required, is neither more nor less than to evade the great ques- tion now before the Legislature. It is to evade, not to solve it ; and the evasion is worse than if nothing were done. Let it be clearly understood w hat the problem is, and wherein its great ditficulty lies. The problem is this — to combine parties in the prosecution of the catholic matters of literature and sci- ence, to unite the youth of the Province of all denominations in one University, there to stimulate each other to the attain- ment of excellence, and to grow together into one, — and at the same time, to secure for them while there, definite and eife-tual religious and moral superintendence. In the combination of the means of moral and religious instruction, which, in our pre- sent unhappy state, must be various, with the means of intel- lectual improvement, which are to be the same for all, lies the very marrow of the problem. To provide separate Univcrsi- li'' UNIVERSITY QUESTION. S?3 tics for cnclj vnricty of CvcoaI Is to waste the public resources ; to |)er()etuate, nay to foster — and at the public oxi^nse too — the evils of division. On the < .her hand, to banish from the llni- versily that which is more essential than all it can bestow, is to render useless the endowment already provided, antl l)y en- suring the complete inutility of the Institution, to erect a lastinu; monument of the incapacity of our Government and I^ei^isla- ture to deal with the circumstances of the Country they profess to rule, on a threat and important question. Such is the prol)lcm : and before stating the only solution ot it which has yet been, and the only one which, after much re- llection on the subject, the writer believes, can be olfered — Uv would simply premise that he is no politician, no party man, — tiiat his ox{)ression of opinion has no reference whatever to tin* general views of the Iltmorable individual who was the first to promulgate the solution referred to within the halls of our Le- gislature; f'nd that while lie claims for him the praise of public- ly propsing a great and most salutary measure, and of havinu; dealt skilfully with the chief diflTiculties of the cpiestion — he has not the honor of his acquaintance, nor has he ever ex- changed a word with him. The solution then of the University problem and, it is be- lieved, the only one, is to be found in the leading principle of the Bill last year introtluced into the Lower House by the late Attorney General for Canada West. That leading prinriplc may be enunciated in the two following propositions : 1st. That Theology shall form no part of the teaching of the University y as such ; but that, at the same time — to j)rovi(le for the indispensable requisite of Religious instruction and superintendence — there shall be 2ndly. Colleges, professedly Theological and denominatioh- al, placed beside the University and incorporated with it, in which the Students of each denomination — while receiving in common the general Literary and Scientific instructions pro- vided by the public endowment — shall reside, enjoying, simul- taneously with the benefits of the University, the advantage of religious superintendence ; and in which — after their prelimi- ■SHBH iai 24 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. il^ !• I 7 ■ < nary studies in the . ablic classes ol ,iie University, and obtain- ing the degree of A. B. — those who are intended for the Cleri- cal profession, in each denomination, shall proceed, under Pro- fessors on the foundation of the Colleges, not of the Univer- sity, with their strictly Theological studies. Among the advantages of this scheme we would specially indicate the follov^ing. 1st. By uniting College superintendence and discipline on the one hand, with public University Lectures on the other, it combines the benefits, and corrects the defects, of the English, and of the Scottish an.^. German University systems. 2nd. It places all on a level as regards the benefits of the University, while it obviates every objection on the score of want of Religious instruction and worship therein, through the provision made for these purposes in the Colleges. At the same time it admits of no University interference with the doctrines taught in each College, or with the worship main- tained in each College Chapel — public instruction, examina- tions, and degrees, being the business of the University — private tuition, and Religious training, the business of the Colleges. 3rd. While not providing for Religious superintendence or Theological education on the University foundation, it never- theless affords to Theological Students residing in tlie Colleges of the University, the benefits of the University Library and Mur^eums, and of attending such Scientific and Literary Lec- tures as they may desire^ 4th. It relieves the Provinc3, or the various Religious de- nominations, from the burden of founding and maintaining se- parate Universities, to the detriment at once of Science, of the public peace, and of the already endowed University — permit- ting the Province, for some generations to come, to concentrate its attention and liberality in perfecting and promoting the effi- ciency of one great Institution ; and the Religious denomina- tions to apply their funds to an object more limited and more within their reach, the establishment of Theological Colleges. 5th. These Colleges, by securing the attendance at the Uni- versity of the Students of all the denominations to which these UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 25 Colleges belong, ensure its success. The Professors of LItertv* turo and Science in the University, instead of a mere fraction of the studious youth of Canada, as at present, will number among their pupils all of ever/ denomination. Any other sys- tem must produce opposition to the University, — the mainte- nance of the exclusive influence of a single denomination, the opposition of all but itself — the simple abolition of that exclu- sive influence, without some provision for religious superin- tendence, the opposition of all indiscru linately. 6th. Instead of merely throwing loose the University and its offices as a bone of contention among the various denomina- tions, it secures to each denomination a definite and fixed amount of influence, through the representation of every College in the University Council, by the Heads and a delegation of the Professors of Colleges. It is thus impossible for the Council at any time to consist solely of the representatives of one de- nomination. There must be representatives of every denomi- nation which has so far interesled itself in the education of its youth, and the prosperity of the University, as to erect a Col- lege in connection with that great Provincial Seminary. Now this assignment, to each denomination which shall have connected itself with the University, of not merely an attain- able^ but a fixed and regulated amount of influence, through College representation in the University Council, is far more important and beneficial in its bearings than might at first bo supposed. This, however, can hardly fail to be seen when we reflect attentively on the consequences that must necessarily flow from any system, which — like the theoretical constitution of the University, under the existing Lav/ of 1836 — should do no more than not exclude any denomination from the attain- ment of a voice in the government of the University-^no more than put such influence legally within its reach — to be practi- cally enjoyed, however, only on the uncertain condition of its • .ocuring the appointment of one of its a^^herents to a Univer- sity Professorship. To throw open p^ofes^edly the Univer- sity chairs, (supposing these alone to give the privilege of a seat in the Council,) to all parties alike> to be attained by thos^ wh,Q 26 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. might succeed, often by political influence or intrigue, in secu- ring an exercise of patronage in their favour, at the risk of the total exclusion of other parties, could not fail to engender the most unseemly cabals, the bitterest heart-burnings, the sacrifice of the interests of Science, and unspeakable annoyance to the Depositary of the University patronage. But the scheme of College representation is an effectual security against the total exclusion of any denomination from the Council, by whatsoever party the greater number of the University chairs may at any time be filled ; while it leaves the patronage free to be exer- cised, not on the principle, most prejudicial to the interests of the University as a seat of learning — of maintaining a balance of power between various denominations by a distribution among them of Professorships — but on that of a simple regard to literary merit — it being understood that the balance of power, so far as desirable, is to be maintained through the College representation — that is — the representation of each denomina- tion by means of tliose whom itself has selected as most fit to be entrusted with the charge of its youth. It must be admitted, however, that for the purpose aimed at in the provision under consideration, the amount of representa- tion proposed for each denominational College was not sufficient, being confined to the Head of each College. This, we say, is not sdfficient, when it is considered that by the jiill it was provided that all the Professors on the University foundation — a great majority, if not the whole, of whom might be of one denomination — should be ex officio members of the Council, To give the principle due effect a better arrangement might easily be adopted. The Professors on the University founda- tion being classified into the Faculties of Arts., Law, and Me- dicine, the Senior Professor or Head of each Facidty might have pe manently and ex officio a seat in the Council ; one or two of th'^ Professors, according to the number in each Faculty, being also entitled to seats in rotation, as the elected represent- atives of their Colleagues in the same Faculty ; the Colleges likewise being each represented permanently by its Head, and also bv one oif its other Officials in turn. The balance would .■:t UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 27 thus te preserved, whatever party might enjoy for the time a majority of University offices ; while the advantage would be gained of adding to the experience and knowledge of forms possessed by the permanent members of Council, namely, the Heads of Colleges and Faculties, the equally valuable benefits arising from an annual change of a portion of the governing body. Lastly — among the advantages incident to the main principle of the Bill of last Session we would mention that of bringing the youth of all parties together, and placing influential men of every denomination in circumstances in which they would be compelled by a regard for their own character and comfort, if not by higher and nobler motives, to treat each other with a courtesy and respect hitherto too seldom exemplified amongst us, and which would ere long exert a blessed influence far anrl wide throughout their respective parties in the Province. But this point we have already considered. Such are some of the main advantages of this measure. At the same time, it cannot be denied, that, as might have been expected from the intricacy of the subject, the measure of last year labours under no inconsiderable blemishes and defects, requiring, while its great principle is preserved entire, that many of its provisions should be set aside. 1st. Among these the i lost obvious is the abolition of the existing Religious Test provided by the amended Charter, a defect by which the whole measure was laid ope*. . the charge of infidelity, and that even without the apology of expediency, for among the great majority of the inhabitants of Western Canada who desire the reform of the University, there are none Anti-Trinitarian — none who desire any change in this respect, still less a change, the only effect of which would be to lay open the offices of the University to those who hold tenets, which all with one voice agree in condemning. 2nd. Another defect is in the power given to an extra-mural Body, termed "the Board of Control," consisting of a number far too great for any efficient action, and of materials such as would necessarily introduce political feelings and questions into 28 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. I: ■h ■'I i University matters. That some Body of this kind might be useful as a check on all University legislation relating to money matters^ is readily admitted. But the peculiar and over- whelming powers assigned to it in the draft of the measure, in matters strictly Academical ; the tardiness and complication which would arise from its proposed action in the pas-sing of all University Statutes, indiscriminately ; and, above all, the transference, to such a Bcdy, of the patronage of the University from the Crown, are open to severe reprehension — nor could any thing be more surely calculated to disturb the quiet of a Literary Institution by the introduction of party feelings and perpetual jarrings. 8rd. Another feature of the Bill under consideration, and which threw an ^ir of ridicule over the whole measure, was the provision empowering any denomination to found a College in the University, with an endowment not sufficient for the establishment of a grammar school. It must, however, be con- sidered, that the object of this provision was to bring the advan- tages of the University within the reach of all, an object not more important to those whose benefit was contemplated, than to the success of the University itself. The error lay in be- stowing the designation of Colleges on the Institutions contem- plated as likely to be established, in connection with the Uni- versity, by the weaker denominations, on the endowment speci- fied. That end, however, might be effbctually attained with- out an abuse of the term " College." It is well known that, in former days, there existed, in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, numerous Institutions under the names of "Halls" or "Houses," distinguished from the Colleges in this — that while the latter were incorporated andcomposed of numerous officials — the former were generally each under the direction of a single individual, frequently not incorporated, and seldom to any great extent endowed. Of such Institutions no '?wer than five still survive in the University of Oxford, many having been absorbed into the surrounding Colleges, and some having grown into Colleges themselves. Now what is there to pre, • vent such an arrangement as shall permit — for the benefit of if tlNIVERSITY QUESTION. 29 those denominations whose means may not, for the present at least, enable them to establish Institutions worthy of the name of Colleges — such humbler or provisional Halls or Houses to be incorporated, when desired, with the University, by Act of the Legislature, and to be represented each by its Head in the University Council. Still for tliis, it must be admitted, an endowment of at least three times the amount specified in the Bill of last year, would be absolutely necessary; hile to entitle an Institution to the style and University representation of a College, an endowment of ten times that amount, and a Royal Charter, ought to be required. Several minor objections it is unnecessary to urge. Those most deserving of notice were last year published by the Trus- tees of Queen*s College at Kingston. We cannot, however, pass by without condemnation that part of the Bill by which it was proposed that the present Professors of the University should be summarily, unjustly, and unnecessarily, deprived of their offices. It is true that a species of compensation was pro- vided, and we believe, moreover, that it was not intended that they should be sufferers eventually. Still this part of the mea* sure could not fail to originate a panic and an outcry, for the excitement of which no plea of necessity or even of expediency could be urged, for in order to the carrying out of the principle of the measure, nothing more was required than the simple transfereiice, with a single exception, of the Officials on the foundation of King's College, to the foundation of the proposed University. The single exception of which we speak is that of the Divinity Professor, who should have been left as Church of England Divinity Professor on the foundation of King's College, as a Church of England College in the University, and subjected to no farther interference with either his position or his interests. Such are the main defects of the Bill of kst Session, defects, which great as they may be, affect not the main features of the measure, and admit — every one of them — of the needful amendment, without an infringement of its principles. Nor can they deprive it, in the judgment of any one who considers K ^rrsm^^Km V\ 30 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. m "wcU the circumstances and requirements of the Country, of the character of a grand, comprehensive, and salutary measure, better fitted than any it will be easy to devise, for overcoming the difficulties of the subject, and accomplishing the great end of setting the University speedily in operation, on a sound and efficient, as well as popular, footing. But other objections, of a general kind, have been presented to the measure of last year, which, as they may be otfered to any wholesome amendment of the position of the University, cannot be passed without remark. 1 . Any alteration of the Constitution of King's College is represented as " spoliation." Now this term may be employ- ed in a moral or in a legal sense. If in the former, it is, un- happily for those who use it, too easily retorted. One half of the endowment of King's College consists of lands designed as an endowment for Grammar Schools — certainly not for the Church of England alone, but for the benefit of the Province ; and of which, by an act of ^'spoliation" on the part of the friends of King's College, it was deprived, for the endowment of a Church of England University. The remainder is composed of property bestowed, not out of the privy purse, or the private demesne of the Sovereign, as was wont to be the case ere Civil Lists were heard of, but out of waste lands vested in the Sovereign as the Chief Magistrate of the community, and de- signed to be employed for the general good. The legal differ- ence may be small, but the difference in a moral point of view is perceptible to c -ery one. If the word be used in a legal sense, to designate the aliena- tion by Statute of property and privileges held under a Royal Charter, the term unconstitutionality is more applicable than "spoliation." But the unconstitutionality is surely in no sm^ll de- gree diminished by the fact, that both the Crown and the Council of King's College— the former unreservedly, the latter profes- sedly at least — did, several years ago, submit the Charter to the Legislature, to be by it subjected to such alteration as might bring it into accordance w^ith the wants of the Country, as a Provincial University — a purpose which was too readily W ■"'■' UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 31 imagined to have been effected by the amendmenls of 183G, but which yet awaits its real accomplishment. Much, however, there is ground to believe, of the opposition — if a general opposition there be — on the part of the Olficials of King's College to the alteration of the Charter, appears to arise from vague and unfounded apprehensions of the effect of such alteration on their rights and interests, or the welfare of the Church of England. These apprehensions, which were strengthened, no doubt, by the source whence the University Bill lately proposed emanated, and by some of its really objec- tionable provisions, may, however, be expected to give way in the minds of those who have entertained them, to the ration- al and laudable desire for some measure which, while preser\- ing their rights, will bring under ^ho influence of their instruc- tions, the whole, not as at present, a mere handful of the youth of our country. Of all parties interested in the subject, none certainly would be so beneficially affected, in every way, by such a measure, as the present Professors of King's College. They would stand to the whole community, without distinction, in the relation they now hold to a small minority of it — the Instructors of the Province, not of a coterie and a neighbour- hood ; with every interest now hostile, combined to uphold them. And as regards the Church, are her great ob- jects more likely to be promoted by her obstinate continuance in a position of exposure to continual assaults and deserved re- proaches, than by an arrangement which will give her security and quiet in the possession of that which is justly her own — and in working out her ow^n views within her own sphere, on the the simple condition of justice to others ? 2. But an objection of a very different kind is presented, from an opposite quarter, to any reform of King's College, analogous, in its leading features, to the Bill of last Session. It is object- ed that under such an amendment, which secures to other de- nominations no influence in the University, save through their Colleges, a majority of the University Professorships will be filled with adherents of the Church of England. Now this result is very possible, nay most probable — we go further, and !■ .» 32 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. ask — Why should it not be desirable ? If the Church of England be not the most numerous Church in Canada, she is undoubtedly by far the most numerous in the Mother country, and numbers among her sons the most learned of the British race. Are men to retaliate upon her for ever the insults and oppression of which some of her adherents here have been guilty ? This is to rush with open eyes into the sin we condemn in others — and to repay the factious selfishness complained of by as great sel- fishness and as bitter faction. Is the Church of England to be limited to the holding of certain offices in the University, and is the cause of Science to be trifled with by a perpetual entail of this University chair on a Presbyterian, of that on an Inde* pendent, of a third on a Roman Catholic: There is, however, a method by which the objection — if it be one, might be obviated. And that is — ^by vesting, for the future, the patronage of some of the University Chairs in the Heads or Governing Bodies of some of the British Universities ; an arrangement which, while promoting in all parts of the Mother Country an interest in the Canadian University, could not fail to be highly advantageous to its character as a seat of learning. To each University might be assigned the patronage of the chair of some branch of Science or Literature, for which such University has acquired a wide celebrity. Thus the ap- pointment to the Chairs of Classics and Mathematics might be bestowed on Oxford and Cambridge ; of Moral and Mental Philosophy on the Scottish Universities ; Avhile the choice of some of the Medical Professors might be allotted to Edinburgh and Dublin. This would tend in some deoree to free the Uni- versity patronage from the influence of political intrigue within the Pr vince, and prove an effectual bar to anything like a University compact. 3. Adlfficulty of apparent, or perhaps, as some represent it, ot real strength,lies in the matter of degrees in Divinity. But better far — if really necessary — that the exercise of this privilege by the University should, for the present, lie in abeyance, than that this single, and comparatively insignificant, obstacle should be allowed to impede the University education of our youth on the tei: ^ UNIVERSITY QUESTION. 33 only true and salutary principle. In no Church in Christen- dom is it requisite, in order to bo a Minister of. religion, that a man should have a Divinity degree. And yet on this difficulty also, light may be thrown by circumstances in the case of some British Universities. It is known to all acquainted with the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, that the great foim- dations of New College in the one, and King's College in the other, have in a certain sense the nature and privileges of dis- tinct Universities — and that while in former days they consented to denude themselves in a great measure, of such privileges, for the general good of the Universities with which they are con- nected, they still retain within themselves the sole power of judging of the qualifications of their members for certain Uni- versity degrees, such degrees being bestowed by the Universi- ties, not, as in the case of their other Colleges, upon a Univer- sity examination, but on the simple demand of the authorities of the Colleges. Now, in this Province, two, at least, of the Bodies proposed to be brought together in the Provincial Uni- versity — the Churches of England and Scotland, already pos- sess, in the Royal Charters of King's and Queen's Colleges, the privilege of granting degrees in Divinity, and we see no difficulty in the way of continuing to these Institutions the pri- vilege, if not of granting such degrees, although incorporated in the same University, at least of enjoying severally the right of claiming such degrees from the University — the Colleges, of course, assuming all the responsibility attending their bestow- al. As regards any alleged compromise of principle, on the part of the Church of England, by the connection of that Church,in a University, or even in the matter of degrees in Di- vinity, Tith other Churches, we can only say that such an ar- gument could hardly have been ventured upon, except in a corner of the Empire, where many facts of frequent occurrence in the Mother Country are, necessarily, but imperfectly known. At no time need we go far to find instances of the accepiancey and, there can be no doubt, grateful acceptance, of degrees in Divinity, by eminent Clergymen of the Church of England, from Presbyterian Universities. Among numer- mmmmmmmm 34 UNIVERSITY QUESTION. ous examples of this wo noed only mention lluit hut tlio other (lay wcroad of the degree of Doctor in Divinity being applied for and obtained from the University of King's College in Ab- erdeen, by one of Her Majesty's Cha[)lains in ortbnary — on the English — not the Scottish — Household establishment, and consoijuontly a Clergyman of the Church of England. With such facts open to all who understand the subject, we need scarcely say, that whutever unwillingness there may be, in certain quarters, there can be no insuperable obstacle on the Fcore of principle, to prevent members of the Church of England merely concurring in granting, what they have no objections to receive. We now close our humble endeavour to set in a proper light some vital considerations on this most important subject. That King's College should be left as it is, Provincial and liberal in theory^ but in fact in a state most unfavourable to the education and social welfare of the communitv, is desired bv few and, we believe, wow expected by none. In dealing with this subject there arc four courses open to the Legislature : 1st. It may attempt to preserve the University of King''s College in its present position for a time, pro- posing to fimnd separate Universities for those who are to be forever, as at present, virtually excluded from if. To tliis pro- posal, unless accompanied by the actual endowment of such other Institutions—how can any credit be given ? ]VI»)reover, endowment on the same scale aa King's College, will be found impracticabk — or. if not so, destructive alike to learning and to the public peace and resources. The characteristics, of this scheme are impracticabililj^j or if not so, voaatey and ruin to the cause of Science and public cQncord. 2d\y* It may divide tb?i endowment of King's College among, the variouis pfurties interested in University education. Tlie In tJNiVERSITY QUESTION. 35 clmractoristics of tliis scheme, are — as of the former — destruc- tion to Univeraitij education and social peace. Srdly. Itmay expeltheTheoIogyand Worship of the Church of England from the University, going nofurthei\ Of this phin the characteristic \s the reduction of the University to in- fidelity, and utter uaelesaness — and its conversion into an un- fading apple of discord. 4thly. Our Legislators may a(!oi)t the system of incorporating into tlie puhlicly-cndowed University, Colleges which will en- sure the support of the University by every denomination in the land — which will induce them to commit their youth to it — which will provide for the youth, along with literary and scien- tific instruction of the highest order, the blessings of religious training — which will be the means of securing to every denom- ination interesting itself in the University, a certain minimum of influence, exercised in the most unexceptionable manner — and by adopting this scheme, it will not merely hush up dis- saiisfaction for the present, but by ensuring the training of the best educated youth of o// denominations in one Seminary, will lay — broad and deep — the foundation of social blessings hith- erto unknown amongst us. Note. — The Author deems it necessary to state, as there is a de- mand in many quarters fur an alteration m the Constitution of the University of McGill College at Montreal, (bat although the general principles maintained in the foregoing '^Thooghts," in so far as they are true, are in favour of the establishment oi atmte one University fur Lower Canada on the scheme proposed aa the only sound and just one in the case of Upper Canada— yet the position of McGil! College, as ori:j:iuaung in a ^n't;a/