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 HALIBURTON:''^" -»-""" 
 
 ! F. Blake crofton. 
 
 r 4. 
 
 THE HALIBURTON SERIES, 
 
 -«♦ N"©. l,*fl^ 
 
 King's College, Windsor, 
 
 1889. 
 
 .Ji^J^ 
 

 aNADA 
 
 NATIONAL LIBRARY 
 BIBLIOTHfeQUE NATIONALE 
 
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 l'R()("KKI)IX(!S OK 
 
 I 
 
 THE HALIBURTON 
 
 Dl the University of King's Cnllege, 
 
 With compliments of the President of the 
 Haliburton Society of Kind's College, 
 Windsor, ^'. S. 
 
 Provincial Librarian of Nora Scotia ; author of "The Major's Big 
 Talk Stories;' ''The Bewildered Querists;' etc. 
 
 Printed for The Haliburton, by J. J. Anslow, Windsor, N. S., January, 1889. 
 
 PRICK 50 CENTS. 
 
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 l.Al'^f.^. 
 
 NATIONAL LIBRARY 
 BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE 
 
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 THE HALIBURTON 
 
 Dl the University ni King's College. 
 
 NO. I. 
 HALIBURTON : The Man and the Writer. 
 
 {.A tTUDY.) 
 P,y F. BLAKE CROFTON, B. A., (Trin. Coll. Dub.) 
 
 Prorinckd Librarian of Xora Scotia ; author of "The Major'n Big 
 Tall Storie.%" ''The Bm-ildtred Querists," etc 
 
 Printed for The Haliburton, by J. J. Anslow, Windsor, N. S., January, 1889. 
 
 FRICK 50 CENTS. 
 
 * » 
 
Ck'oF'T^^y, f5 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 OK 
 
 THE HALIBURTON, 
 
 Preniilent : 
 
 ClIAKI.KS <i. I). RoiiKUTS, M. A. 
 
 Vice- Presiile lit : 
 H. I'kkcv Scott, M. A. 
 
 Secretary : 
 <JKoK(iK F. Thomson-. 
 
 Treasurer : 
 TJ. Phat, B. a. 
 
 Historian ; 
 W. F. Cami'hki.l. 
 
 Entered acconUm, io Act of l\,rlinment of Canada in the year one 
 ihoumml evihi hniidrtd and eighty-iiine. hi/ F. Blahe Croflon 
 in the. office of the Minister of Ayrtculture. 
 
 I 
 
• 
 
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1 
 
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 % "%. 
 
i 
 
 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 --■'■"h "::;:;::,„;::,;?:"r r-"- >■ 
 
 ■""""scripts, „„1 „f „,,,,, "**'"""'""' l""ksa,„l 
 "".• lit,.,,,' ,„v. """'"'^^'■■••■"•"'.^" "..".■I,ist,„y,.,„| 
 
 >"-le .,.,,ui.site of all tho ^ffi ,! , ^ * '^ ""j' ' "T 
 
 .■■■»■■.-;-.... Col,.,. ..H„t.;-.r,:''-,:t''^^ 
 
 liie nrst -rrosidcuf of fhr. t< • l 
 
 v-e.-P..«i,u.,.t,M..H';L:::;^:m::,::^»' 
 
 coi-s were as follows:— ' ''^- 
 
 Mh. C. a. 8a(;xi,e,,s, Vice-Prosi<Ierit 
 Mh. James Srvoxns, Secretary 
 Mh. J. A. Pickett, Treasurer 
 Mu. (^. E. A. SiMoxns, Historian. 
 JJ'— tin.s of the Society ,,,,„,,,,, .^,.^,^^j^^^ 
 
(luring term, at tlic dwi'lliii^s of resident iiieiiil»ers. At 
 these ineetiiifjjs, wliich are vei'v inl'oniial, tlie time is 
 occupied chiefly with papers l)earing on Canadian his- 
 tory and literature, with tlie discussion aiisini;' out of 
 these papers, and with readings from Finlihurton and 
 other Canadian authors. 
 
 Tlie Society has l)een gratifyinoly successful in ex- 
 tending its membership list, and in maintaining amonijj 
 its mend»ei"S an effective enthusiasm. Its ])owers of 
 usefulness ai-e growing rapidly, and its promoters have 
 already been allowed to see some appreciable realiza- 
 tion of their aims. 
 
 The Society proposes to issue a series of arnmal 
 publicaticms. It esteems itself fortunate in having been 
 able to secure, for the initial number of the series, this 
 work of its distinguished member, Mr. F. Blake Crofton. 
 Mr. Crofton's study was read befoi-e the Nova Scotia 
 Historical Society ; but it was deemed appropriate that 
 its publication should l)e undertaken by The Hali- 
 BURTON. 
 
 The portrait of Judge Haliburton is from a photo- 
 graph taken when he was at the age t)f sixty. The 
 photograph was procured through the kindness of 
 a mendjer of Jud<>e Haliburton's familv. 
 
 C. G. D. R. 
 
 "KiiKjt^n-oft,' Wiiid'^or, X. S., 
 
 January 10th, 18S9. 
 
 ) 
 
 
) 
 
 THOMAS CHANDLER HAUBURTON. 
 
 Tn tlio cyi's of tlic En <:;]isli -speak inr^ world, out- 
 aide of the Dominion of Canada. H alii )urton is tlie most 
 prominent man of letters yet produced in any existing 
 Province of British North America. Within the last 
 few yeai-s tlnve of his works have been republished by 
 one Louilon hcnise (Geo. Rtmtledge & Sons) and no less 
 than six by another (Hurst & Bhickett), and some new 
 editions luive also l)een issued in the United States. 
 
 Yet in C^mada, whose rights and interests he zeal- 
 ously maintained in his parliamentary speeches as well 
 as in his l)ooks, he is not generally given his rightful 
 place of honor. In a somewhat Hippant raoime of 
 "English-Canadian Literature" in TJie Week (Toronto) 
 of August 2<S, 1(S<S4, written by a New Brunswick Ut- 
 tevitteiw, Hah burton is not even referred to ! And even 
 Nova Scotia, whose resources he has done more than 
 any other human being to make known, has not yet 
 given him his due precedence among her more eminent 
 sons. His biographer in the "Bil»liotheca Canadensis" 
 has illustrated this comparative lack of appreciation for 
 Haliburton in the land of his birth by pointing out that, 
 shortly after hi:, own college gave him the honorary de- 
 
 *Tlus sketch contains tlie suhstanoe of two papers read by the 
 author hefcn-e tlie N. S. Historical Society last winter. Home changes 
 ivud additions, liowever, have been made. 
 

 
 UAIJIiCRTUX. 
 
 Si-ee of M. A., tlu-^nvat rufv.rsity of (Nf,.,,l f.un<l l.iu. 
 woi tliy ot tlK' Jiitrhei- dcgn.,' ,,f ]). ^ 7^ 
 
 It is likely, h.nv.v.T, that rvc-ntually Xova Scotia 
 will accord luin his prop,,- place amono- her illustrious 
 soris. Certainly there has beeu of late years a revi^•al 
 ot local uiterest in Halihurton, as is evi<lenc(.,l by the 
 torn.ation of the Halihurton CMul, at Winds,.,-, whose 
 PresKlentis Professor Charles G. 1). RoluTts, hin.self 
 one ot the most eminent Canadian authors. This re- 
 vived interest has been recently fanned, here as well as 
 elsewhere, by the champions of imp,.rial Fe.leration and 
 by the censors of the expatriation of the Acadians, who 
 have beyn widely ,piotin<. Halihurton in support (.f 
 their opinions. 
 
 This is not a biographical sketch ;,f Judo-e Hali- 
 Imrton, but a sliuht study of hin, as a writer, 'thinker 
 and observer. While companions and chihlren of a 
 celebrity are alive, it is too soon to write his life- with 
 that minuteness of .letail with which his pron.inence 
 entitles him to be treated. Every dc.ul celebrity has 
 H'^'» iHiman: he has had some personal weakiu-ssJs- he 
 has done some wrong dee.ls. If y<,u attempt faithfully 
 
 to point out the former and to condemn the latt* 
 pain his family, and possibly lead to hot an.l 
 piites. If you ignore his fail 
 
 1", you 
 
 true to nature; it is all light and no shade; it 1 
 niterest as well as its \'alue. It 
 
 angry dis- 
 
 iiigs, your picture is not 
 
 xjses its 
 
 the 
 
 way for Haliburton's future 1 
 
 may, hoAvever, smooth 
 
 aside from my task to correct a few sti 
 wliich have come und 
 
 Jiogi'apher, if I step 
 
 ler my notice. 
 
 •ange eri-ors 
 
 Whoever wrote the short sketch of Halil 
 
 nirton in 
 
THE MAN AND Till': WRITER. 
 
 Alliliom-'s Dictionary of En<,dish Litcmtuiv evidently 
 confuses our Nova Scotian mif/ior with liis cliicf rrca- 
 t'lon, "Sam Slick." Judj,^' Halil>urtoii, aecoi'dino- to this 
 bewildered bio^rmplier, "in 1.S42 visited England (^s'« 7?. 
 attdche of ihe American Legation ( !), and in the next 
 year embodied the results of his observations in his 
 amusing work 'The Attache: or Sam Slick in England.'" 
 This curious mistake had pj-eviously been made by the 
 British "Annual Register" for 18(j5, in its obituary of 
 the Judge. 
 
 Both the "EneyelopfBdia Britannica" and the "Impe- 
 rial Dictionary of Universal Biography" make grave 
 chi-onological blunders in their articles upon our author. 
 Halibui-ton was appointed Chief Justice of the Inferii)r 
 Courts of Connnon Pleas for the Middle Division of 
 Nova Scotia (an office which, by the way, is misnamed 
 in both these publicati(ms) in the year 1<S29. He was 
 made a Judge of the Supreme Court in 1(S41. He re- 
 signed the latter office early in 1S5(), and soon after- 
 M'ards took his final departure for England. But tlie 
 "Encyclopjedia Britannica" says, " Within two years (of 
 his appointment) he resigned his seat on the Ijench" — 
 an error of just fourteen years! "The Imperial Dic- 
 tionary of Universal Biography" makes a smaller blun- 
 der, fixing the date of his resignation only six years be- 
 fore the event. " In 1 <S47;' it observes, " Mr. Haliburton 
 contributed to Frascr's Mdjjazine a story entitled 
 'The Old Judge.' Three years later Mr. Haliburton 
 resigned his cc ial judgeship, and exchanged the nar- 
 row field of colonial life for the wider sphere of poli- 
 tical life in England." "The Bibliotheca Camulensis" 
 
MAUUi'HTON : 
 
 st„tes e„.„nc.,m.sly tl.at the C„„ns of (;„„„„.,„ |.|,,,si„ 
 Nova ,Sc„t,« vvcTo .,l,„|isl„..l, a,„l Halil.u.i.,,, „|,p„i„t,„, 
 a Ju.lgo of the .Supreme Court i„ 1,S40. Both e-ents 
 occurred in 1841. '^'' 
 
 of *|'^'" 17^1 7'""'" "'"■'■"*'^^ "''■ «'y"'S« ^""i 'l.-inKs 
 t the eelel,rate,l .Samuel .Sh-ek. of SHekville, are h. 
 
 then- chr,moI„K,eal or,ler, "The Clockn.aker," '■Th,. At- 
 Uche"VV,.,eS,„vs;%u., "Nature an,l H„„,,;u Nat ,^ ■- 
 
 U j letter m the former and fron, the ,Ie,lication of the 
 latter work. But .Sam Slick does not personally fi.njre 
 in either. ' "=.""- 
 
 The Fir.,t .Serie.s of "The Cloekmaker," which Hrst 
 appeared in The S„„a &„ti,.. in Ls:!5 and l.s:!« w, 
 imWishe,] ,1, hook fonn in Halifa.xan,l London in ],s:i7 
 Ihe .Second .Series was i.ssued in 1,S.-J.S; the Third in 
 1840. In most later editions the three series make one 
 v,.lu,ne. The cute .hnlges of the cloekmaker in pus, 
 
 v™ lo '^ 7 Ha hl-urton, an,l hrought by an itinerant 
 ven. or oi clocks tor the payment of notes given him 
 to his time-picces In the Hrst chapter of "The At- 
 tache Its osteiLsible writer .speaks of "The Clock 
 maker as an accidental hit, a success which he did not 
 purpose to imperil by experimenting in other liteinrv 
 lines. "When .San, Slick." he .says. .ta.ses to p^ k ^ 
 «hall cease to write." B,it Haliburton's self-c,mHde„c, 
 
 Sur'"^"'"^''"''''^'""^'''"-^--!'"'^--''^-"' 
 
THE MAN AND THE WHITER. 
 
 9 
 
 "'I'bu Attach*''," tlu' two scrios of \vl»ieh ajjpcaicd 
 r('s])('etively in 1(S4.S >mi(1 1844. was prol)al)ly sujjjgvstcd 
 l»y Dickens' "Amorican Notes," which liad been pub- 
 lished early in 1S42. After deprecatinjjj Slick's lively 
 indioiiation at the latter book, "the S(iuii'e" observes, 
 in "The Attache:" — "If the English have been amused 
 by the sketches tlic'ir tourists have <lrawn of the Yan- 
 kees, perhaps the Americans may laugh at o/o' sketches 
 of the English." "The Attache,'' however, is not uni- 
 forndy satirical. Slick's own descriptions of persons 
 and things in this work are indeed, as they are meant 
 to be, ii'enerallv jaundiced caricatuivs. But some social 
 sketches by other pei-sonages are drawn with strict 
 hdelity, and some even with a slight partiality for Eng- 
 land. The sub-title of this book, " Sam Slick in Eng- 
 land," has been made the only title in some editions. 
 
 This last remark may be made also of " Wise Saws 
 and Modern Instances," which has been given to the 
 public, at least once, under its second title of " Sam Slick 
 in search of a Wife." " Wise Saws " made its appear- 
 ance somii time between the second part of " The At- 
 tache " and " Nature and Human Nature." Tliis last 
 work is a continuation of " Wise Saws," and c<mcludes 
 the record of the sayings and doings of the redoubted 
 Sam Slick. 
 
 The earliest of Judge Haliburton's works, except- 
 ing a pamphlet pul)lished in 1(S24, was his " Historical 
 and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia," published in 
 Halifax in 1821). His opinion that the expulsion of 
 the Acadians W'as unjustifiable has often been (juoted 
 in recent controversies, and so has his misleading 
 
10 
 
 iiAi/inrnrnx , 
 
 statan™ tl.it tluT,. wnv ■•„,, t,-,,,.,.s ,,f this i,,n,,,,.t. 
 ant evo„t ,„„„„. th., ,.„.,„,ls" at Halifax, an.l tl t 
 
 c. partK.„la,.s,,f this artai.s....,,, to l,av,. ,,,,.,, 
 "IIV cncoal.l.- It ,„„y th,.,,.f,„v 1„. „,,,! to ,.„ , 
 .-«.-, „„oc ,„„,.e that Halil„„t„n was „„t a v,.,- ' 
 
 pa,nstal<,„g s,.arclKT of .loeu ,ts (,„I,.,.,I, as son,. 
 
 *..-..tl..„u.„ »t,n livi,,,, ,a„ testify, ho was eonto , to 
 o^,ta,„ ,„a„y ot his f,..ts a„,l statistics vieanousl y 
 Had ho 1,,.™ ,„„,, ,„,|,„t,,i„„s i„ his rosoarehos 1,„ 
 onl,l douhtloss havo fo„„,l i„ tho Provinco B„il, i ^ 
 the i,„po,.ta„t pap,.,-s o„ the si.hjeot of thocvpatriation 
 vvl„ch have s,„co hoon a.xan,,,! (an,l so„k of the 
 print,..!) by Mr. T, B, Al<iiis. 
 
 Thoi-o is now no ,h„,l,t timt ■„„• authors Historv 
 tn,otn„.,l LongtVllows picturo of tho ..xp„|sion. ..',;, 
 poot, .says Ins hrothor an,l hiog.aplK.r, "roa.l snch i,ool<s 
 as wore attan,ahlo; Hahhurton, for instance, with hi 
 c|..o at,ons tron, tl„. Ahhc Raynal," But n,,, t t a 
 
 .nhhcafon of Halil.urtons History have hcen" a li, ,:, 
 he cJ,a„, ot „,,„i,„t, t|,„t ,,.,, J,, ^,,_^, 
 
 H n ";""'<"""■". "as toW to r^ongfellow hy 
 
 Ha« tl,„rne wl,o ha,l I.oanJ it fron> Ins tVicnTi, the Rev 
 
 B.-t"». Ihc nie.Ient l,a,l been ,,,|ate,l to Inn, hy a 
 parrslnoncr ,,t his. Mrs, Halila.rton," writes the R .- 
 Sannu Longtelhnv, This was Mr.,. George Halihnrfa, 
 an a, „t by n.arr.age ot the Jn.lges, Is it not likelv' 
 that her attentaa, was tirst drawn to the Aca.lians hi 
 the touching .leseription of their virtues an,| their woe:, 
 in the History written by her nephew ! 
 
Tllh: MAX AM) Tiil'J WlilTKIl 
 
 11 
 
 Halibui'ton liimsclf docs not seem to lia\'(' tliouiflit 
 very highly of his History in later years. In chapter 9 
 of the secoTid series of "The (bookmaker," the Scjuire 
 refers to it slit'litinsjfh' as " Halihurton's History of 
 Nova Scotia, which, next to M}'. Josiah Slick's History 
 of Cuttyhnnk in five Nohunes, is the most important 
 account of unimpcntant things I have ever seen." 
 
 Onv author's second historical hook was "The 
 Buhhles of Canada," a .series of lettei's on Canada and 
 the Imperial Colonial policy, pui'poitin<r to he wiitten 
 by Sam Slick, in ]88(S, hut showinu^ none of the clock- 
 maker's peculiarities of diction. The last letter ends 
 with a ([uasi-prophetic 'varninjjf: — "The fate of Canada 
 will determine that of all the colonies. The retreat of 
 the soldiers will invite the incursions of the barbarians, 
 and the withdrawal of the legions, like those of Rome, 
 from the distant parts of the empire will show that 
 England, conscious of her pi'csent weakness and past 
 glories, is contracting her limits and concenti-ating her 
 energies to meet, as becomes her cliai-acter, the destiny 
 that awaits all human gi-eatness." The drift and aim 
 of the work are shown in these closing words, as well 
 as in the characteristic note beneath, in which the 
 author urges ironically that a tree " woidd be much 
 more vigorous, if the branches, with their prodigious 
 expenditure on the leaves, were all k)pped off, (for it 
 is a well-known fact that the trunk supplies the 
 branches witli sap, and not the branches the trunk), 
 and that the stem would be larger, strfjufjer and better 
 without such useless and expensive appendages." 
 
 " Rule and Misrule of the Engl ish in America," the 
 
12 
 
 HALIIiCHTON, 
 
 "last of HKlilMu-ton's histoncal woi-ks, ai)i).'niv(l in I,S51. 
 Tt is n ^•(■iicml liistoryof the Bi-.tisJi CoVnnvs un this 
 continent, valual.lo for its philosopliic conunonts and 
 its tl.ouohtfully misont'd theories of colonial govern- 
 ment. 
 
 "The Letter-Ba<r of the Great Western, or Life in 
 a Steamer," first imhlishe.l in IS:}!), is a collection of 
 h'ttej-s supposed to he wi-itten by various passengers 
 from Kngjand to America in the famous steamship of 
 that name. The:;o letters contain not only comments 
 upon life at sea, hut the writers' reflections on the coun- 
 try they are leaving or the country they are going to 
 —a plan which enables the author to present us with 
 some lively studies in his favorite subject, human na- 
 tui-e. Anuaig the best of the letters is the chai-acter- 
 istic missive of the Stoker. The lament of the crack 
 K.iglish coachdi-iver is also true i. nature, and ]iathetic 
 as well. He was enugratiiig because railroads had 
 driven him from one line of coaches after another. Pic- 
 tui-es(pie travelling was giving way to convenient tra- 
 velling, and he could stand it no longer. " Coaches is 
 done in England," he sighs, "and so is gentlemen. * * 
 So I am oil' to a place they calls Nova Scotia where 
 they have more sense and won't have a rail. * * * 
 Arter all," moui-ns this discon.solate Jehu, " it is a hard 
 thing for the like of me as has drove the first coach 
 and the first team in all England * to end my days 
 among batl bosses, bad coaches and bad 'arncss.*^ * * 
 Leather springs and lincli pins instead of pat(mt axles 
 and liptics. No sign l)oard, no mile stones— no Tom 
 and Jerry, no gin and bitters— coachman and no ^niards 
 
THE MAN AND THE M'lilTEH. 
 
 l:{ 
 
 — hills and dales and no levels— no barmaids, postboys 
 nor seven mile stages : and what is wns and wiis, wag-s 
 
 an<l no ti])." 
 
 In l.S4() and 1.S47 HalibnrtoJi eontiil»nte<l to 
 Fi-imiv^ M(ui<iz\ii(' a series of papers, which in 1^4!) 
 were collected in the hook entitle«l, " The ()l<l.hid<;v, or 
 Life in a Colony." This work depicts varions phases 
 of life in Acadie in the earlier part of this century. As 
 in the " Sam Slick " series, the plot is a mere thread on 
 which to string facts, jests and opinions. Little inter- 
 est seems to be invited, and certainly none is aroused, 
 for the English traveller who listens to and notes the 
 ( )ld Judge's tales, and adds his -nvn experiences to them. 
 Li works de.signed to inform as nmch as to amuse, this 
 weakness of the main plot is not an unmixed defect, if 
 it be a defect at all. One is not irritated by Haliburton's 
 inrunnerable digivssions so much as by tlic far fewer 
 interludes whicli break the continuity of Victor Hugo's 
 thrilling romances. Hugo's episodes are charmingly 
 told, it is true, but then it is intolerable to be asked to 
 contemplate even the loveliest landscape when one is 
 looking at an exciting race. One can, however, turn 
 aside without impatience to read the numologues in 
 " The Ohl Judge." Some of them, like the chapter on 
 " The Seasons," are rather long, it is true, for any reader 
 with only a slight appetite ; but they are all germane 
 to the author's design to give outsiders a fair idea of 
 Nova Scotia. The Old Judge's opinions, by the way, 
 seem to march pretty closely with Haliburton's own. 
 
 " Traits of American Humour " and "Americans at 
 Home" (also published under the title of "Yankee 
 
14 
 
 llAUJiCiiTox. 
 
 " ' i.sJ:i,I,.,i,',:;;!;:'''''' '■""•""'■"'■' -^ 
 
 "■.•.V Hrst „„l,|isl„.,l ' '""''"■'"•"'"I'i-i«"tl,is«„,l< 
 
 ""i |)lll,MMj|.,| „|,|,|n.| . 
 
 w;ir<I.s .s„|,l bv tl... nun ' '"' '''''•' "<'t<'i-- 
 
 ;;i» ....... u,i,t:'t:;;t,:;:;:^^V'^'"r""« 
 
 -.;•"- ^.:""r;;;;is:ru;::t';;;:r'r'" 
 
 'i^'' '"Pi- t,;;:;;,i ;f :;;; ;-'''f -'y. --tl. B,.,-- 
 
 ►Scotia. rn(](.<.,l ... i.' r , """^^()^^ll 111 A()\h 
 
 tl.c. facts ,st„t«l aLove Ti * "'«"' -;""''t'.«y a.scertai„«I 
 
 ««% ^%.--:' ::e„;x::;;i™;oT;r '?"■- 
 
 ■» the last «liti„„ „f the /J" , """'''""■'"" 
 Ticket" is innm-Zll T "■''''"■ "T'"-' »«'«or' 
 
Till': MAX AM) Till': \YlilTi:ii. 
 
 I, 
 
 iii^r jis it (Iocs, tlint his coiist'rvntivc and iinjxTiulistie 
 views, and his <)[)iiii(»iis of the resources and needs of 
 Xova Scotiii niid Canada, were not niateiiallv ehanevd 
 
 ■ 1*11 • rt 
 
 III Ins old an-e. In this hook, too, we may he sniv that 
 the author expresses himself ahsolutely witlxait feai-or 
 fa\-oi-, for it was evidently desioned to remain anonv- 
 mous. Otherwise he Avould haidly have I.een hold 
 eiioueh to n« vc a oentleman (j). 12:}) eronp him with 
 the two o-reatest writers of the day and scotfas follows, 
 apparently at the inMueiitial Athena-iim (Muh, (.f which 
 Halihurton was a niemhei- :— " J)efen(l me fVom a learn- 
 ed Cluh like mine :" observes Mr. Cary. "The mem- 
 hi'i-s are not genial, aii<l they nnist he incui-aljh.v. ^vhen 
 sucli men as Thackeray, Sam Slick, and Dickens, who 
 (to their cj-edit he it s[)oken) are all smokers, can't per- 
 suade them" — to have a smoking room. 
 
 I have now noticed all of Halihurton's books, unless 
 one credit(>d to him in Morgan's " P.ibliotheca Cana- 
 densis," lait .seemingly unknown to all his other bio- 
 graphei-s and friends, is really hi.s. This is " Kentucky, 
 a tale. London, \KH. 2 vols., 12 mo." 
 
 Besides his ])ooks Halihurton pul)lished a few 
 pamphlets, including "A General Description of Nova 
 Scotia," a pjvcursor of his History ; "A Reply to Lord 
 ])ui-ham's Report;" an<l a couple of .speeches delivered 
 in Great Britain. 
 
 Judge Halihujton was an Epicurean philosopher, 
 modified a little, for the better by Christianity, and fen- 
 the worse by practical politics. He loved fun and crea- 
 
16 
 
 nAfJ/iriiTOX: 
 
 tiU'o con,f„rts. \h> sn.okr.l u^nvat <l,.,ti, iH-.h-nnk uuu\. 
 vrntv.y, an.l I,,' .li<l „„t try to f.„n(v,il tlu-sr u,.mI<,„.ss..s 
 
 It nmst 1... M.linitt.'d that 1„. soincti scnm,.,! his 
 
 l'»v,. n\ fun t,, uns.....Mly Icinths. an.l Ihal ,..,.„ ,,„ M„. 
 
 '•••Iicll. y\ \Vr||-|<l„.Wll .•X-,n(,v,.!M«)l- (.f til ' (.since 
 
 •"nn(.r(Mi.sly<l,..sciil.(..sl,.,u .,1 .ccasicn, aI- v.tv 
 
 yonno- iHwy.T, I.,- was caMluctinn. „ ,,u.sr L.-foiv 
 H|.lilmrt,.n. an.l Im.nv, ,|„nnu. j.is .'xaMiination ..f a n-r- 
 tnin witn,-ss la- was plcas-.-l to oI.svTv,. his lonlship ap- 
 pamitly nuikino- nuvfiil and continuous notes. All the 
 tinio. howovor, tin- judov ha.l Wvu nu'.vly sk.-tchino- a 
 eaneatuiv of th.> witness, wlio was atHict.'.I with a most 
 colossal atal peculiar nose • This sketeh he afterwanls 
 showed to the youthful hairister, much to his su.prise 
 and disillusicannent. It cainiot l.e d,.nied, either that 
 Halil.urt.ai's keen relish fo,- the lu.licr.ais has s.ane- 
 tiincs made him stoop to unmistakable ,loH/,fr ,'vfn„hrs 
 In palliati.ai of sona- of these, at least, it may he un^ed 
 that their wit i)rep.aiderates over their <,n-ossness. 
 
 ^ Our autlua- mak.'s his "Old Ju.lov" declare him- 
 self to be "in relio.i(ai a Churchman, and in politics a 
 conservative, as is almost every ovntleman in these 
 colonics." It would, however, he ahsnrd to char-v 
 Hahlmrton with orio-inatin- tlu- mo.lern C^madian Toiy 
 nickname, "the party of -entlemcn." This phrase nmst 
 have been the otfspring of somebody whose idea of a 
 gentleman was much more expanded and democratic 
 than Hahburton's. Our author's tastes and instincts 
 however, were both conservative and aristocratic. He' 
 disliked innovations, nnless they were unquestionabl.> 
 improvements. Certain articles of furniture, some of 
 
 hi. 
 
77//.; .VAX AXD rill': wnirKii 
 
 tllClM S(.Ii(|, i ut <)tll«'|-sIiol,t(.|MI|.l fl 
 
 says the ( )M ,lii.|ov, "of tl 
 
 iiMsici', "an" typfs; 
 K' new and oM L'ciicratioii 
 
 »<'<'ii ii-aiiicd 
 
 r«'i-, alas, it is t(. I„> fcaivd that what has I 
 ill npix-araiKM. has hrn, |,,st in suhstaiic.., in thi"ius ,,f 
 '"'• •'i«»i'- vahi.. and iu.po.tai.c..." I hdihui-t,,,, n'mld 
 iiavc likrd to sec tl 
 
 H' o.d m/niie )'c'st()ivd in Fi 
 
 aiicc 
 
 mst' occasioned 
 
 minns thr Fcn(hd pivi-oo-ativcs whose al 
 
 the Hevoh.tion. H,.f,),v that npnsino-, says his idi.d' 
 <hvnu-, Mr. ^op,.^,,.l|, (Attache, c. :{.S), France had " 
 clergy of erntry." "A nndd. toh-rant, -entl,-, hnnd.l 
 ciced, hke that of a ehristian, shiadd he tan^ht and ex 
 rn.plitie,! by a gentleman ; for n.-arly all his att.-il.nte 
 
 a 
 
 are those of achristi 
 
 an. 
 
 T] 
 
 lis is not thcoiy. An En( 
 
 lishnian is himself a practical exanii)le of the l.enetit 
 resnltino- from the nm-o.i betwe.n the 'Jluirch and Stati 
 
 find the cN'ryy and the ovntry." In tl. . 
 other of his utterances Mr. Hoi)ew II is evid 
 
 K'se and man 
 
 iiiir the Jnd 
 
 <>'( 'SO 
 
 intercourse with the v 
 of the Revolutioi 
 
 y 
 
 •ntly voic- 
 wn views, tincture<l l.v his affectionate 
 
 eneralile Abbe S 
 
 • 'i-oo-ne, an exile 
 
 Fail 
 
 mi'' a uni 
 
 bel 
 
 men. 
 
 on of Church and State, Mr. Hopewell 
 
 icved in Hxed stipends and fixed tenure for cler^jy- 
 
 ■ii- bread and butter depends upon 
 
 \y 
 
 1 1 ere 
 
 tl 
 
 their flock, there must be, he thou«-ht, a temptation to 
 pi-each only popular doctrines. He is made to descril 
 
 his own humiliati 
 
 n<r experiences. He was " catechised 
 
 like a converted i.eathen." Various parishioners re- 
 fused to pay their contributions ; one becai se the pastor 
 •hdn't join the temperaiice society and therefore "coun- 
 tenanced drunkenness;" another b(>cause he smoked, 
 and tobacco was raised by slaves; another because hJ 
 
18 
 
 JfA/J/iCRTOX 
 
 pmy.Ml for u mscully P,-,.si(l,,,t : nuUhw I„,.;u,sr l,,- wns 
 to.) Calvmistic ; anotli.T Iu-cmiis,. I,,- wms A.nuMian In 
 cons(.,n„.„c,' this oxccllcnt parson was well ninl, starv...!. 
 VmU'v tli.. vohnitaiy system, th..nol,t Halilnii'toii, a 
 iniiiistci- is ill daiiovi- (.ithci- of 
 
 liis 1»()(1 
 
 ^in^'• liis soul t( 
 y, or of losing' his hody to save Iiis soul. 
 
 ) sa\(' 
 
 Our author disapproved ,,f votino' hy hallot and 
 
 universal suf!ra<r(.. To tlie I 
 
 tl 
 
 ic r< 
 
 itter Mr. Hoi)e\vell traced 
 
 pudiation of theii- dehts l.y certain States of 
 Union. " When w.. speak," lie said, "of the 1 
 the yVnierican ],eopj,. and „f the Knojish peoj)! 
 speak of two ditlei-ent thincrs, I 
 
 tl 
 
 le 
 
 lonoi- of 
 
 e we 
 
 IS not used in th 
 
 e san)e sense 
 
 :^cause the word people 
 
 * * 
 
 Tl 
 
 le (piestion 
 
 payment oi- non-payment in the repudiatino- States hns 
 heen put to wwy male in those Stat 
 twenty-one, uixl i-ej)udiation has 1 
 
 tach 
 
 •', ('. 52). And he declare. i fliat tl 
 
 I's ovei- the an'e of 
 •>'<"n the i-esult," (At- 
 
 of Eufdand would also h 
 
 le national debt 
 rej)udiated, it the decision 
 
 rested with all th.' a.lults of the ('nit..d Kinod 
 "Now," ol.served the same i-everend ovntlemMn to S 
 Slick, at a time when the i'rancl 
 
 now 
 ffovern roi 
 
 men of property and educat 
 
 om. 
 
 im 
 
 lise was still restricte<|. 
 
 ,nies and vaoabonds, hut )»y youi- 1 
 
 scheme of univei-sal sutfiwe 
 mak(! laws to Govern men of 
 
 ion make laws to 
 leautit'ul 
 
 Jud«^e Halihurt 
 
 •o,i,niesand vaoabonds will 
 property and character' 
 
 respon.sible i^^overnment to the col 
 
 on even opposed the ffrantin<>- of 
 
 is made to utter a set tirad 
 
 onie.s. Air. H 
 
 o 
 
 (('. 4.S). And Mr. Slid 
 
 pewe 
 ea^rainstitin "The Attache 
 
 tl 
 
 le subject. 
 
 k concurs with his sentiments 
 
 on 
 
 Our author held that the tv 
 
 yranny of mobs an<l 
 
 jiU 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 TO 
 
 sc lie \V;is 
 
 linn. Ill 
 1 stfiiNcd. 
 •niton, )i 
 
 I to SUNC 
 
 1. 
 
 Hot and 
 
 II traced 
 'S of tile 
 
 honor of 
 opic we 
 1 people 
 stion »,r 
 ■ates lias 
 a^'e of 
 lt,"'(At- 
 lal debt 
 flecisioii 
 in^'doin. 
 to Sam 
 ■itrieted, 
 laws to 
 •antifnl 
 ids will 
 ractei- ' 
 tini>- of 
 )p('vvell 
 
 :taeIi(V' 
 ejits on 
 
 lis and 
 
 niajonties may I.e .piit.' as l.ad and nn1.eaml.Ie as tl.at 
 «»t despots. Tliisopi,ii..nise.xpressedatlenntlil,y"the 
 S.piir.. " in his parallel ),etw,rn Ru.ssia an<: Uie Tnit.-d 
 States, aiHl i.y Mr. Hopewell in ],is jmrallel Letween the 
 latte: conntryand (;,eat Britain, with itsconstitntional 
 antidotes to ephemeral fads and frenzies. Tlie.se par- 
 allels aiv to l.(> f.Mind, respeetivly, in ehapt.-rs 12 and 
 1.) of the Second Series of " Th. (Mo(.|<niaker." 
 
 rnder democratic forms of o„v.Tnment iM,- 
 rropewell thonoht, the paral.lo (.f the I,raml,l(>, ehrted 
 Kn.ir „f trees, is poi-p..tnally illn.stratod. "The (.live 
 the tin- and the vine decline the iionoi-. (Content to iv- 
 niani ni the spliere in which Proxidence has placed 
 them, p..rfoi-min^r their .several .hities in a way credit- 
 able to th ms.>lv.'s and ns,>ful to the pul.lic, they pi-efer 
 pnr,sninn- the even ten..r of their way to l.eincr tran.s- 
 planto<l into the l.anvn soil of p<.litics, wh.Te a'i,oi.s(m- 
 <ms atmosphere en^n-n.lers a feel.l(> circniation and a 
 sour and .leteriorated fnn't. Repnl.licani.sn, has cau.sed 
 (mr country to he overrun l.y hraml.le.s. The Refo]-m 
 Bill has .rreatiy increased them in England, and iv- 
 sponsihle government has mul 
 
 the colonies." 
 
 The ultra con.servatism of 
 
 iplied them tenfold 
 
 ni 
 
 our author peeps forth 
 
 'igani in the clockmaker's funny cla.s.siticati..n of col 
 nial patriots, (Clockmaker, -S, c.l-S). His "ti 
 
 it will l»e noticed. 
 
 supports oxi.stni' instituti 
 to mend or i-epaii 
 
 is simply a hioh-minded toj 
 
 •ue patriot, 
 
 •y, " who 
 
 oMs as a wlu.le, l.ut is will 
 
 ni 
 
 pair any part that is defective." 
 But staunch a con.servative as he was, Halil.urt 
 
 C(Hild see and deplore some wi 
 
 '()n<."s 
 
 and abuses that pr 
 
20 
 
 lIALIliCHTOX. 
 
 fc.sod_levek.rs wJ.olly i^n<.,v,l. He puts touelun<- 
 wonls into tl.e n.outh of a poor Lulian (Cnoekinakc.-, 2 
 c. - 0) pleadu.o. f,>, ],i, ,,v,,t t,, e„t uncultivate<l tin.l.er' 
 Arnl he ev. ently .lepreeate.l tlie eusto... (not mJ.oIIv 
 obsolete ,n these Provinces to-lay) of .Ic^leo-atino- th'e 
 iiiaint(.nance of pmipe.-s to the lowest bidder "" 
 
 Politics^ in our author's estimation, was a ,.oor nud 
 on.rcrow<led business everywhere, but espeeially in .he 
 colonies. "It would ann.se, or mther I should say dis- 
 gust you, says Barclay in " The ( )Id Judo-e," to se^. how 
 n.en and not measures, office and not principle, is at the 
 bottom of our colonial .i: ics." Sam Slick suoovste.l 
 that a law should be en. .ed against ,uack politk-ians 
 us bemg mhmtely n.ore dangerous than ,p,ack doctors' 
 In sp,tc;^however, of his pessindstic views about poli- 
 ticians. Hahburton believed that neither political pa-ty 
 here or elsewhere, wouM think so bitterly of the othei^ 
 party It It studie<l its aims and aro.un,ents faithfully 
 and thoroughly. But this is well-nigh impossible, f^^- 
 as the clockmaker observed, " both are fooled and gulled 
 by their own designing champions." 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 _ To this petty game of politics he lamente.l that 
 ns countiyim.1 devoted far too much attention; and 
 he tochausted his stores of epigram and ridicule in try- 
 ing to open tJu-ir eyes to the fact. If Cumberlaml folk 
 said Sam Slick, wouM attend more to rotations than' 
 elections^ and to top-.lressing than re-dressing, it would 
 be well b,r them. To a hsherman who boastcl that he 
 J^a<l come from the biggest political mc-ting he evc-r 
 
 i itiL.,:^. 
 
 WlSIHWB«*W»'*w»p*sr»'TFW'M «' 
 
THE MAX AND Till': WhriTEIl 
 
 21 
 
 ts toiK'liiiio- 
 !)ekinakt'r, 2, 
 rtted tiiiilR'i'. 
 (not M'Jiollv 
 cf^atino- tlic 
 I'l-. 
 
 i fi pool' find 
 fially ill lin; 
 •ii](l sa^ydis- 
 ' to sec liow 
 )1g, is at tJio 
 : sno-o-cstcd 
 politicians, 
 ek doctors, 
 about poli- 
 tical pai-ty, 
 f the otJicr 
 ' faithfully 
 3.ssil)le, for 
 and milled 
 
 'iitcd that 
 ition ; and 
 iile in try- 
 iland folk, 
 tions than 
 >•, it would 
 I'd that he 
 ;• he ever 
 
 saw, Slick retorted that liy so doino' he had missed the 
 lii^'U'est nieetino- h' liad ever seen — of mackerel. 
 Halihurton felt the truth of (Goldsmith's lines: — 
 
 " How sniiiU, of all that Ininian liearts endure, 
 'I'lic ])art wliicli laws or Kings can cause or euie 1" 
 
 Yet he saw too many of his c(nnitrynien waitino- in- 
 ertly for i)olitical panaceas, or else wastino;' their eii- 
 ei-gy in clamorino- for them. One third of the day, 
 according to Mr. Slick, was usually given to work, two 
 thirds of it was " blowin' time." " What the Irish \nd 
 machinery don't do for 'em," says Steve Richardson, 
 "they expect legislators to do." Nova Scotians, says 
 another of Halihurton 's characters, have " evervthino- 
 but enterprise, and that, I do l)elieve in my soul, they 
 expect to tiiid a mine of and dig out of the earth as 
 they do coal." 
 
 It is singularly characteristic of Halihurton that 
 he attributed these alleged failings of his countrymen 
 partly to " the almost universal suffrage that exists in 
 the Province." " Where the lower orders form the ma- 
 jority of electors," observed the Old Judge, "their vanity 
 is appealed to and not their judgment — their passions 
 and not their reason ; and the mass, instead of beino" 
 elevated in intelligence by the exercise of political 
 power, is lowered by the delusion and craft of which it 
 is made the willing victim. Nova Scotians have l»een 
 so often assured that they are the ablest, the wisest and 
 best of men, though their rulers are lioth ignorant and 
 corrupt, and that they have a rich and fertile cinintry, 
 blessed with a climate more salubrious and agreeable 
 than that of any other part of tlie world, they begin to 
 
•')0 
 
 IIAJJIIL'UTUX. 
 
 — 'y P".ml an,I .natvml foeto. „f pn.sp,. itv , , 
 
 ■"'liiccl t., |,iy tiH. l,l„„m on tlieir m,v,.,.„„„.nt ■.,„! t 
 eoncuntrato tlu.i,- ,.rt;,,t» to .■ovors. its , is , 
 
 ;"-yn.a,;...et„.sa,tot,;:;t,::r r«'::;':;; 
 
 '|^l> , "1 V ontu,-,. to assert that, altlmui,!, tl„. l',o 
 
 v.ne..al.o„n,lswith ,„i,u™l ,v„altl, sl<i|, ^n,, 'i | 
 an.I populatm,, a,v nocssary to its s„ce,.ssf 
 
 ir-ittr" t"'"^" "'^ ."..■.xr;!;;:t;: 
 
 ^;K;";;>::::i:i:;:tL':;r::s^^^^ 
 
 :;;.;.., to t.,,t,.. that th.y a. ^ 
 
 :~t,,:';;,na:;;^':;a;i;, ?'•'"'" 1""-^ 
 
 u ""«'o"^ut.s Would (leuouucc lim -iv; 
 
 .» en«,.y to tl,. pe„p,., a vile s,a„.,er,.,. „,„! . 1 
 to his country." ti.utoi 
 
 According to Mr. Slick, Xova .Scotians vicl.lcl to 
 l.«ine»s .m, pr.«.a.sti„atio„ „.,7/,„„, „„ ,„!, i';,^-' 
 '■■-'""'". Like n,a„y other sl„..,.ar,ls th ev 1 . * ' 
 c-on,scientio„s r,.aso„s:_" WhcnTl 1 ■"' 
 
 tl.o «ei,,s arc „ry enough t, s o^. ' ' ZT' u'f 
 
 •r,>"'" ;•"• ^v'^-". the piowstut. ';,::;:;: 
 
 «.™con,esru.u:;t:hr' ift2;r::t;t 
 
 ilhi-L^.. 
 
Till': MAX AX I) Tllh: WHITER. 
 
 2:J 
 
 iiiiiciit jiiid not 
 LHTtainJy if tlic 
 tliey p()ssL's.s(Ml 
 msperity, aii.l 
 vould Lcensily 
 '■iHiiciit mid to 
 asti-oiis policy^ 
 
 tlieir wijitci's 
 cold and xari- 
 "iio-h the J^-o- 
 II and capital 
 vsful develop- 
 
 ■sti-caiiis that 
 IV adinii'al)]v 
 Ixn- is yet too 
 <>tita).le;and, 
 'oiiceited and 
 
 Old Judov's 
 
 miiee him as 
 md a tniitoi- 
 
 •^ yielded to 
 lo-^s of self- 
 y had their 
 eoiiies and 
 ' have all to 
 
 •"•■ f<^<> llltlc/l. 
 
 I'e mended 
 
 I't/utf ((/(,,'(' 
 
 '> late, and 
 Whj', the 
 
 cl'i mail', to he sure, for Xova Scotia aint a hread 
 country." 
 
 The same acute ()l)ser\ei- attributed the more i>'en- 
 ei-al husiness success of the Yankees mainly to their 
 more persistent intlustiy. Thrif farmers had an end- 
 less roun<l of employment, as explained in detail in 
 "The Clockmaker" (1, c. 2'i). "Instead of racin' over 
 the counti-y, like a young doctor, to show how busy a 
 man is that has nothin' to do, as Bluenose does, and 
 then takes a 'blovvin' time,' ire keep a rael travellin' 
 gait, an eight-mile-an-hour pace, the whole year round." 
 
 But, though he freely criticised his countiymen's 
 faults, witli a view to their reform. Judge Haliburton 
 also recognised and advertised the many advantages 
 of his native province. There is an enthusiastic enum- 
 eration of its natural resources in the s(!Cond series of 
 " The Clockmaker," chapter ]i), where Slick foretells 
 that Xova Scotia is destined to have the greatest 
 trade, the greatest population, the most manufactures, 
 and the most wealth of any state this side of the 
 water." The most intelligent and high-minded of the 
 personages inti'oduced in "The Season Ticket" draws 
 a dattering picture of the Maritime Provinces, clos- 
 ing in these words: "There is no point in Nova 
 Scotia more than thirty miles distant fnjrn navigable 
 water. The whole of the borders of the latter pro- 
 vince are washed by the ocean, which in that region 
 furnishes one of the most extensive and valual)le 
 fisheries in the world. Nova Scotia alnninds with 
 coal, iron ore, gypsum, grindstone, slate, lead, manga- 
 nese, pluml)ago, copper, &c., which being recently lib- 
 
24 
 
 HALT BURTON. 
 
 cmtcfl tVoin tlic iii()n()])()ly under wliich tlicv luuc so 
 loiii;' Ik'cii ('Xc1u(1('<1 tVoiii ])ul)lic coinpctition, will soon 
 attract the capital and skill rc(juisito for llicir dcvcl- 
 opnicnt. It is tlic most eastern part of America, and 
 of coui-se the nearest to Kui'ope. It is not too much to 
 say tliat its wonderful mineral wealth, its noLle har- 
 houi-s, its fertile soil, its extensive fisheries, its water 
 powers, its temperate climate, ai'ising from its insular 
 })()sition, and last, not least, its possession of the wintei" 
 outlet, and thrcajnh passao;-e by railway, fi'om h]nolnnd 
 to New Brunswick, Canada and the United States, all 
 indicate that it is destined for an extended commerce, 
 for tlie seat of manufactories, tlie suppoi-t of a lai-o(> 
 population, and for wielding a conti'oUino- power on 
 the American continent." 
 
 These and other good words said of Nova Scotia 
 in "Tlie Season Ticket," which was published anony- 
 mously and after the author hail finally left the Pro- 
 vince, cannot have been written to win local poi)ularity, 
 but from a genuine appreciation of his native land. 
 
 To attain the prosperity which nature seemed to 
 have destined for them Nova Scotians wanted, accord- 
 ing to Haliburton, more zeal and concentration in 
 their work ; less attention to politics (though not less 
 watchfulness of political place-holders) ; less false pride 
 (which set some people against agriculture and other 
 honorable industries) ; more confidence in domestic en- 
 terprises ; and at the same time a little less self-com- 
 placency, that they might recognise their faults and 
 reform them. 
 
 Only a very loose thinker can confound the satir- 
 
 i^iii^. 
 
77//; MAX AXI) Til /'J WIUTKU. 
 
 25 
 
 L'y Jutvc so 
 
 - M'lII soon 
 licir i level, 
 loriea, niid 
 X) iiiuc'li to 
 K'l'Ie lini'- 
 
 its water 
 ts insular 
 'Jie winter 
 
 England 
 ■states, all 
 ominerce, 
 t a lai'^e 
 lower oji 
 
 a Scotia 
 anony- 
 ;lie JVo- 
 Milaritv, 
 and. 
 ■Hied to 
 accord - 
 iiou in 
 lot less 
 e pride 
 1 other 
 tic en- 
 f-coni- 
 'S and 
 
 satir- 
 
 ist of a nation's weakness, like Halihurtoii, oi' excn a 
 caricaturist of tlieni, like Dickens, with the j)essiniists 
 who, Mind to their country's resources, magnify and 
 parade and hai'p upon its drawbacks. To call atten- 
 tion to the eiaediahle fault,-) ot one's coinitiyinen is 
 the action (>^ a friend: to advertise the irremediable 
 disadvantages of one's country is the action of an 
 enemy. Tliere can l)e little doubt that Halibuj-ton's 
 satirical criticisms have borne wholesome fruit, first in 
 some country towns and districts, and later in slow old 
 Halifax itself. Yet, in the opinion of some observers, 
 every one of the defects which he point(Ml out remains 
 to-day, if not in the whole Province, at least in sections 
 of it. At all events Haliburton's vicarious sarcasms 
 had not produced the swift and signal results which he 
 doubtless fancied he discerned, and which Sam Slick 
 complacently notes in " Nature and Human Nature " 
 (c. 18). "I have held the mii-ror up to these fellows," 
 he says, " to see themselves in, and it has scared them 
 so they liave shaved slick up and made theniselves 
 decent * * The blisters I have put on their vanity 
 stung 'em so, they jumped liigh enough to see the right 
 road, and th<3 way they travel ahead now is a caution 
 to snails." 
 
 Since Haliburton's death, Dudley Warner has 
 written his " Baddeck ;" Miss Reeves has laid tlie scene 
 of her "Pilot Fortune" in Digby Co.; Professor De 
 Mille has made Nova Scotia the theatre of the adven- 
 tures of the " B. O. W. C." and the " Grand Pre School ;" 
 the Abbe Casgrain has made his " Pelerinage au Pays 
 d' Evangeline ;" and several other literary tourists have 
 
26 
 
 fiAfJiirnroXi 
 
 l>''intHtlu.irhni.,vs,sioMsufAc.a.li... V.tit is ..of f 
 imu-Ii to SUV tliat H-.in>M,.f i ' " '^ i.s ii„t too 
 
 - "'il'ImrtoM 1ms ,i.lv... tis,.,| tl,,, P,,, 
 
 ;vnt.. An.I, ....,,t to tl... ,.>..t wl ; 1' ^.:; ^: 
 
 ;;.-nyin.eu..,toan,ot,...M.H^:^^^^^ 
 
 A better p.ctur. of Nova Scotian lif. an.rel.a, e 
 tmst.cs, at the time vvl.eu he M.-ote at m v 
 
 lq)iet the life of to-d 
 
 Heed, of 
 
 lay aeeui-atel\' tl, 
 
 ^^'<)ul(] have to i 
 
 ■ours,, to he retouched 
 
 so 
 
 '"• Nueh Itlciid 
 
 painted 
 
 "i«-s, "log-rollii.us 
 "hees,"and "applc-pcd 
 
 "' iTased and som 
 
 picture M(ad(l 
 
 '"•• old ffvitlllVS 
 
 •' "ew featuivs to I) 
 
 ()!■ 
 
 iHos ,,f ^v,)il< aiid fu 
 "I'olliiio- frolic; 
 
 " as 'rais- 
 husl 
 
 Kllliis. 
 
 h'seerit, owiim to the d 
 
 iiios, Hj-e iKWc^hsolcte ,))•,,) 
 
 and tl 
 
 ie niereased use of mad 
 
 t'nsei- settlement of tl 
 
 >S( )- 
 
 "' conntry 
 
 are replaced by nioi-i 
 
 nics. 
 
 \\\ 
 
 convention, 
 
 ""*''T- " I'ickinick Stirs 
 
 H'n such jovial oatl 
 
 out in Haliburton's time'l 
 
 U'rnios 
 
 '• and tem])ei-ate pic- 
 had ah-eady died 
 
 table. Men lost their cl 
 
 '<' iound the ivsult rcret 
 
 tl 
 
 »'>"^^l't. One (,f his charact( 
 
 '^'^''■'•'•■^■^ and hospitality, he 
 
 effect 
 
 Upon the healtl 
 
 rs notic 
 
 es 
 
 tl 
 
 uuusen.ent and the substitution of " f 
 
 tic 
 
 s ni 1 
 
 ts place 
 
 ' occasioned by the al 
 
 finati 
 
 X' ]U)U]-i(jns 
 »>*t'nce of all 
 fism or poli- 
 
 Ls a 
 
 Hali1)urt( 
 
 I'ule, the habits of 
 
 u s tales \\ 
 
 tl 
 
 le 
 
 ere ^'el•y different f 
 
 ix'rsonam.s in 
 
 scut Imbits of Xova Scotia/^s in tl 
 hints. In "The Old Jud 
 
 I'oni the pre- 
 
 K' matter of sti 
 
 nni- 
 
 Justic 
 
 e is 1 
 
 certain County Court 
 
 ■epresented to have spent his ti 
 
 uie, wliile 
 
 l^liiJ 
 
77/ A' MAX AXn Till': WIUThl!. 
 
 27 
 
 IS not ton 
 the I'l,,- 
 "y otlicr 
 ^In-own u 
 tin is not 
 iiiakino' 
 
 U' NVOlM. 
 
 f flijirac- 
 vcnts, is 
 An: To 
 
 ' Mould 
 ^'<'JltIlIv,s 
 
 'S to l)t> 
 
 s " Jfiis- 
 ikii.os," 
 ))■ ol).so- 
 oniitiy 
 stii-s" 
 tc ])i('- 
 
 y <li('(l 
 
 ty, lie 
 ni'i(jus 
 of nil 
 ■ poli- 
 o's in 
 
 tinm- 
 'oui't 
 A'hilc 
 
 wnitinj;' for a verdict, in di-inkinti', tlist a liottlf of wine, 
 puivlinsed l>y a fine wliieli lie liad Just ini))oscd u])on a 
 drunken fellow who made a disturlianec in ("oui't, and 
 afterwanls a l»ottlc of l)]'an<ly, ])urelia.'-fd liy a tine 
 wliieli he iin|)osc(l upon the ])rotlionot.aiy for prcsuiM- 
 m^f to till his own olass first I " For my own part," 
 observd this mcjdel Justice, "I am ohliot'd to he very 
 ahstemious now, as I am subject to tlu; o(>ut. I never 
 exceed two bottles of late years, and I rectify the acid- 
 ity of the wine l»y takin;^' a nlass of clear brandy ( which 
 I call the naked truth) between e\i'ry two of Madeira. 
 Ah, ]\v\v is the brandy, lawyer! Voui' xcry <^ood 
 health, sir — l)ray helj) yourself ; and Mr. I'lothonotary, 
 here's bettei" mannei's to you in future. St'ii'ioirs 
 j>ri(>ir.s, sir, that's the rule." 
 
 It was a fancy of the old (Ireeks that the (Jods 
 sent a Judicial blindness on persons doomed to destruc- 
 tion, lest they might do something to avert their f;ite. 
 The plausibility of this notion has been often illustra- 
 ted in modern history, notably in the case of clas.ses I'e- 
 maining stolidly insensil)le to plain and ominous signs 
 of coming social stoi'ms. The French aristocrats, men- 
 aced by the oi'ganization of the oppressed masses, de- 
 spised the gathering tempest till it had burst; and the 
 Irish landlords lono' itjfnored the ui'owinu" strentjth of 
 the I'cnt agitation. lioth offered more or less reason- 
 able compromises too laic. To-day capitalists, threat- 
 ened more and more by trades-unions, .socialism, Heniy- 
 George-ism, boycotting, anarchy and dynamite, arc 
 either strangely blind or else inert and vacillating — 
 neithei' offering wise and timely concessions, norpre,>-s- 
 
2,S 
 
 iiAi.iiii-nrox: 
 
 Hi" t.Mnl,,.,,„„.,. ,„„v,.„i,.Mt l,„l,li,,„,s «,.,. '• ,'• 
 
 tl"; "nls „f « N„va Scti,,,, l,a,-,,,„,„ «', v . 
 -t-. "f t,.,n,H.,-m„,.,- , th..,. „i,|,,t: *""''• 1""- 
 
 ei».,.t..,- on t>.. 8...,,,,, .K-ii'i ' r, :: ;:;,^':: 
 
 were eve,, the,, c„„,.,.et.l with the l,oly e,„ se rf t It 
 perance:_«I„ a little l,,u-k ro,„„ „f th„t f 
 
 ;;;;.ti.ewi,,,.i,,,,,,.,,_.„4;;^J ™~^ 
 
 ;-;;;. ™,Hte,ii,,th,^._w ;;-!; r;-:;;- 
 
 The ya,i ,„ i, ,„,,,.,.^., „j, ^1,^, p^.^^. ^^^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 luit ,,, Aatu,'e ai„l Hu„,a„ Nature " (c Mi) •_ 
 . ■ ,^™'y P''"'" '»» its sta,„li„g topic. At Wi,„ls„r 
 ■t - the gyp»,.,„ t,,,,,_ y,^ ,,^^ j^,^_^.^ ,t„„„,„, ^he 
 
 llilij 
 
77/ A' MAX A XI) 77/ A' Wh'/Thli. 
 
 20 
 
 llnlit'nx coficli. iin<l :i new lidtisc that is Ituildiiin'. Ii! 
 Kiii<;'s Connty it is export ot" potatoes, l»ulloei<s aixl 
 lioises. At Annapolis eonl WdoW, oai's, staves, si i ingles, 
 and a^n-icnltural ])i'o(lu('e of all kinds. At l)i;;l>y, 
 sniol<e<l lierrines, fjsli weirs, and St. .John's niarkt^ts. 
 At \'annontli, t'oi'ei^ii tVeii^hts, lierthinji', rails, cat- 
 heads, lower clieeks, wooden holsters, and the ci'own, 
 ])alin, and shank of anchors. At Shelhurne, it is divi- 
 ded hetwei'n tish, Inndier, and the price of vessels. At 
 Liverpool, ship-huildin<;', deals and tiniher, knees, tran- 
 soms, and fnttocks, j)intles, keelsons, and moose lines. 
 At Lunenl»nro:, Jeddore, and C'liesencook the state of 
 tlie mnrki't at tlie capital. A.t the other harl)oui's 
 further to the eastward, the co'kI trade and the fisheries 
 engross most of the conversation. You hear continu- 
 ally of the fall )'ti v and the spring <'((fcli of mackarel 
 that Krt in I'ut don't stop to half. Thv remarkable dis- 
 covery of tlie French coasters, that was made tifty years 
 ago, and still is as new and as fresh as ever, that when 
 fish are plenty theie is no salt, and when salt is abun- 
 dant thei'e are no tish, continually startles vou with its 
 novelty and importance. While you aiv l)oth annised 
 and instructe<l l»y learning the meaning of coal cakes, 
 Albion tops, and what a Chesencooker delights in, 
 'slack ;' you also find out that a hundred tons of coal at 
 Sydney means when it reaches Halifax one hundred 
 and fifteen, and that West Indian, Mediterranean, and 
 Brazilian fish are actually ludde on these sliores. These 
 local topics are gi-eatly diversified by politics, which, 
 like crow-foot and white-weed, abound everywhere 
 Halifax has all sorts of talk." 
 
.30 
 
 IIMJnriiT(L\: 
 
 . '''•V'';,^^7''''-'''''-'^''t<-'-''njM.(lM.s.tc.o<,kA,.M,linMs 
 s«TnpI.,nUly.l..ml....|intlM.|(;tlM.I.npt,.r.,ftlH.s.,^ 
 
 ':rt ;^"' . ^' i""^"y i'>vtu.vs,,„,. ,.,.(,„.„. ..r m,,. 
 
 J)i^^l.yAm<lM.niu.issk..tc-h...liM"TlM.()M.i,„|..v-„. Mr, 
 
 Aniono. tl,,. tVatu.vs of tl... A.vHiiMM Hin.nt.. wl.iH,' 
 <"n-Hutlu,rfnitl,rullyM.„l -.MplnVnllv .l,.s,.nlM.s „.v „ 
 ''s■^vptIwnv•'(()I.lJ„W..^... 10);,,; i,.t..ns.. fn.st nt 
 ""Max, w.tl, .tsatt.-M.lnnt l.l..'...,„M.Ma ;,n.l its l„vnl< 
 >"^^"P(i;;i.l...MI):,n..la still, hot .lay n,. th. sontl, 
 -,.st(\N,s,. S,,vs. ... 24). Th. .•.lay..,, th.. Ial<,. " 
 (.Natinvan.l Hrnmn Xatun-, cc. 10,^^ |i) ...jti, i^, 
 •niamt i.(.rs„na.;vs, its va.i.-.l inc.i.U.nts an.l .•Imn.-i,,.- 
 sn.M.Ty IS i„.,-l.aps tl.r nu.st allunn.ir sk,.tc-li of syTvan 
 sninn..,- hfo ia Nova S.oti. that has vet a,.,„.a,v,l in 
 
 TIh'Iv is a wl,.,|,.s,a.i,. n,...-al in th,- oontrast 1.,.- 
 tnv..,, th,. Iho., unti.ly, h|,Hk an.l r.anfortl,.ss farn.- 
 I.ouse .IcserilMMl in th,. first sc-i.-s of " The CMockn.ak.-r " 
 (('. -1^), an.l th,. neat, w.-ll-plann,.! hon.ost.ad. with its 
 thrifty, liospital.le, eontc-nte.l inmates, to wju.n, we 
 introduced in tlie second sei-ii-s of the 
 
 ar<' 
 
 And a salutaiy warnino- tom.ntli 
 
 Avl 
 
 lo n 
 
 same woi-k (e. 4). 
 men i-eared in luxui-\' 
 
 iny contemplate ))lnyin.r the i-.Mcs of 
 
 S( 
 
 pni-es in this new country 
 
 C(aniti- 
 
 IS oiven in the pat])etic 
 
 picture of Captain Dechan.ps an.l his ventuiv in th. 
 chapter entitled "The Cucumhe]- Lai 
 
 nnd Human Natu 
 
 i-e 
 
 Not only the \ 
 
 since Halilairt 
 
 :c," in "Xatur 
 
 Vovincial scenery is unchancrod 
 
 ons time, hut also the Pi 
 
 ovincial 
 
 <loncy to mao-nify it. Still, just as Sam Slick ol 
 "every si^ceal.le hill to Nova Scoti 
 
 ten- 
 
 •servec I 
 
 a IS a mountain. 
 
Till': MAX A XI) Tiih: wnrr/'jn. 
 
 m 
 
 Acndiiiiis 
 
 tile sfiiiM' 
 
 K' of tile 
 
 ;•<•"(<•. I«i). 
 itc which 
 
 ICS l\V(' II 
 
 tVost )\t 
 ts hr('}||<- 
 hf south 
 M' lake" 
 with its 
 ■hminiiio- 
 
 t' sylxfui 
 
 '!11T(1 ill 
 
 rast 1m>- 
 
 ■; ffU'lll- 
 
 iiiakc)-" 
 ivith its 
 we arc 
 k (c. 4). 
 hixuiy 
 on n try 
 atlictic 
 in the 
 Vature 
 
 laiicrod 
 l1 teii- 
 ci-ved, 
 itaiii." 
 
 Ami sonic social cliai'actt'ristics also ai-c almost uii- 
 chan^^cil. 'riiis pcnctratinjn' remark of Sam Slick ahout 
 Halifax holds trnc to-day, and it nii^ht he worth the 
 while o|' toinists and temporary residents to note ;. :— 
 "A ninn must know the |»co])lc to a|>[)i"ec*iate them. He 
 must not merely Jndn'c hy tlutse whom he is aeeus- 
 ton\ed to niei't at the social hoard, for they ai'c not 
 always the hcst s[)ecimens anywhere, hut //// flmsr also 
 ii'lit) jti'cfrr I'rf'i I'riiic III Hinl ii ml ri'o'i'i'i' I'lrcli', tiiid 
 I'lllJici' iirn'id j/('in'i'(il sncii'l'', ti.s iiiif xii ift'il lo llic'n' 
 hlsh'' 
 
 Militai-y and na\al life, too, on thisstati(ai i-cmains 
 almost as it was (lescril»e(l by Halihurton, in "The ()M 
 .rud<4'e " and elsewhere. The soMiersand sailors inspire 
 sinnlar lo\-es, anihitions and jcahaisies. Their comini^ 
 creates a similar stif, and their Hittin<jf leaves similar 
 rt't^rcts and heart-aches liehind. 'I'he citizens, however, 
 do not seem to appreciate the presence of a j^'ari'ison 
 (juite so univei'sally as they used to. There are <'ven 
 a few Ani;-lophol»ists who, while willinijf to take the 
 •soldiers' money as they accept J^>ritain's protection 
 witliout thaid\s, can see no <jjood wliatcvei" in poor 
 'I'ommy Atkins. They will not even admit thcii- deep 
 indehtedness to him as a convenient scapegoat, on 
 Avliom they from time to time lu'aj) all tlie sins and 
 inicpiities of the city. 
 
 The chief want of Iirla ml, as well as of Nova 
 Scotia, in Halibui-ton's opinion, was to settle down more 
 steadily to work, and ])ay less attention to politics and 
 lioliticians. '• It is time they turne(l their attention to 
 the material and not the political condition of their 
 
32 
 
 HAUBVRTIIN: 
 
 country s,iys the A,„e>icau Senator B„o,Ile in " Tlu. 
 Season l,eket." J„»t „efore tin's l,e 1,„,| „,„,,,„, y,.., 
 tle.e never ,vas a people «, cajole,!, fooled, .Keeiv.,! 
 an,l ,etraye.l, as the Irish." " P„„r Pat," says Hliek 
 si.™k„,K of a certain Irislnnan in " Nature an,l Hun.an' 
 Aaturcs you were a K„o,l-hearte,l creature naturally 
 as jnost „t your countrymen are. if repealers, patriot 
 and den.agogues, of „|I .„,t., „„, ,;, 
 
 you alone." Senator Boodle found the Irish " far n.ore 
 hu.norous at hon.e than in An.erica, which perl,ap.s is 
 alson, part attril.ntal.le to the cireu,u.st,>nce of their 
 x..ng u,ore „Klustrious there, an,l in consequence n,ore 
 iiiattor ot iaet. 
 
 The unse.ttled state of Ireland was partly due, liow- 
 ever. to the lack of thor,a,«h fusion an.on/ Irish, nen ■ 
 
 «.on. rie "two great bodies," said the Yank.,. Mr 
 Peahouy (Season Ticket, p. SS), .- can't agree in nothen 
 
 lilZf'f ," Tf '"'""''^- "'"^ '^•«T Mm.t. like 
 
 the two forrar,l wheels of a stage coach. If they con.e 
 
 to clecKms. ,fsthe .san.e thing; if they n,ei they 
 
 ftght ; all, too. for the sake of religion ; a,ul if th^y as^^ 
 
 .sen,ble :„ a j„ry-h„.x, it's .six of one and half a do.en 
 
 ot he o her Killing con.es natural, half the places in 
 
 I. eland heg„,s w,th Kill ; there is Killboy (for ,11 Irish- 
 
 n.en are called hoys), and what is n,„re on.nanly t l 
 
 aek, , tter the Knghsh sohliers ; Kilcrew, for the navy ; 
 Kl hntam, tor the English proprietors; Killcool. l 
 .li-lilwate nn„.der, an,l Kilhnore, if that ain't enough " 
 ihe popularity of the nan.e Jeremiah in Ir..land 
 
 ill 
 
THE MAN AM) THE WRIT Ell 
 
 m 
 
 Ho in "TJio 
 
 I'sorvedtJuit 
 L'<1, decoivcd 
 
 says ,T 
 and Human 
 e naturally, 
 'I's, patriots 
 lid only let 
 I " far more 
 
 perliaj^s is 
 ce of their 
 Hence more 
 
 " <lue, l)o\v- 
 Irishmen ; 
 ?e and reli- 
 finkee Mr. 
 in nothen, 
 ipart, like 
 they come 
 lest, they 
 f they as- 
 f a dozen 
 places in 
 all Irish- 
 dy, there 
 Killbar- 
 he navy ; 
 Icool, for 
 enouffh." 
 I Iieland 
 
 is undejiiahle, and Mr. Pealxxly finds the cause of this 
 popularity in the fact that the Irish are "the ])oys for 
 Lamcvtatlonsr " It's no wonder they had a famine," 
 he adds, "when the country raises nothen hut oi-iev- 
 ances, and that's ;i ei-op that grows spfmtenaciouslv 
 here. 
 
 Haliliurton's love and ajipreciation for Enohmd 
 are displayed in aM his works. Sam Slick " enthused " 
 over the beauty and fi-eshness of En<,dish girls. The 
 hio-h-minded Hopewell displayed pious and touchino- 
 emotion at seeing the shores oi" the country which he 
 had been used, in his early days, to call " Home." Ac- 
 cording to the chronicle of "The Attache (c. 7) his Pi-o- 
 vince owed to B]-itons "a debt of gratitude that not 
 only cannot be repaid, ])ut is too great foj- expression. 
 Their armies protect us within, and their H-ets defend 
 us and our connnei-ce without. Their government is 
 not only paternal and indulgent, biit is wholly gratu- 
 itous. * * Where national assistance has faik'd, pri- 
 vate C(mtribution has volunteered its aid." "Oentle 
 reader," he says again (c. <S), " excuse the confessions of 
 an old man, for I have a soft spot in my lieart yet, / 
 love Old Evf/lmid." He loved, he goes on to say, lier 
 law, her church, her constitution, her literatui'e, her 
 people. And hi the " letter from the author," in " The 
 Letter-bag of the Great Western," it is remarked that 
 the colonies "have experienced nothnig at the hand of 
 the English Init unexampled kiudiKss, untiring for- 
 ]>earance, and unbounded libei-ality. * * If there 
 should be any little changes recpiired from time to time 
 in (an- limited political sphere, * a temperate and 
 
34 
 
 HALimnTON'. 
 
 proper ropn-sc^ntation will always pro.luee then, f.-o.n 
 t^>o pKo,l(,nnnant party „f the ,Iay, whatever it may h. 
 It It can only be <leiM„nstrate(l tl.at thev are wise <,r 
 ju^essary changes. It is the inclination ^xs well as the 
 jnkn-ost of Great Britain so to treat ns ; an<l whoever 
 ho. Is out any <louhts on this sul.ject, or proclaims tlie 
 inil.l, conciliatory an.l parental sway of tlie imperial 
 government 'a Inineful domination,' * should be cor 
 . sidered as eitlier an ignorant or a designing man " 
 
 But Haliburton was not blind to the faults of th,> 
 Britisli people or government. He was r„nd of satir- 
 isnig the blun.lers of the Colonial Office and the some- 
 times ludicrous ignorance of its officials about the 
 colonu-s. AiKl he lets Mr. Slick comment freely cm tlie 
 monotonous, material existence of the s(piirearchy tlie 
 mercenary attentions that are forced, upon travelhu-s 
 and other British faults and Haws. 
 
 It goes without saying that our author was a 
 strong champion of the British connection, which in 
 .Sam Slicks opmi.m (Clockmaker 2, 21) should not be 
 dissolved even at the des] re of the cdomes ! Lookin.^ 
 tar ahead of his contemporaries, Haliburton put foi" 
 ward some strong pleas for an imperial federation. He 
 telt that m its present state the empire was like a 
 barrel without hoops (Clockmaker, :i, If)) which must 
 be Ixmml together more securely or else tumble to 
 pieces; or like a bun.lle of sticks (Nature and Human 
 Mature, c. 19) which needed to be tied or glue<l more 
 firmly or they would fall apart. 
 
 " The x.^vy word <lependencies," said Mr. Hopewell 
 (Attache, c. 21), and his wor<ls were endorsed by the 
 
 0<^ 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 :}5 
 
 iit'iii from 
 t may he, 
 ' wise or 
 «.'ll as the 
 whoever 
 laims tlie 
 inipeiial 
 <1 be GOV • 
 lan." 
 ts of the 
 of satir- 
 lie some- 
 >out the 
 ly on tlie 
 ■t'hy, tlie 
 avelh'rs, 
 
 • M'as a 
 liich in 
 I not l)e 
 ^ookinn: 
 )ut for- 
 )n. He 
 like a 
 ;li must 
 nble to 
 Human 
 <1 more 
 
 )pe\vell 
 by the 
 
 s(|uire, "shows the state of the colonies. If they are 
 i-etained tluy^ should be incorporated with Oreat Britain. 
 * * Now that steam has united the two continents 
 of Europe and America, in such a mannei- thaty(Hi can 
 travel from Nova Scotia to England in as short a time 
 as it once re(|uired to go from Dublin to London, I 
 should hope for a united legislature. Recollect that the 
 distance from New Orleans to the lu'ad of the Mississ- 
 ippi River is greater than from Halifax, N. S., to 
 Liverpool, ({. B. I dt) not want to see colom'sts and 
 Englishmen arrayed against each other as different 
 races, but united as one people, having the same rights 
 and privileges, each bearing a . aare of the public l»ur- 
 dens, and all having a voice in the general government." 
 A particular form of imperial federation that has 
 many advocates to-day is thus suggested by Sam Slick 
 (Wise Saws, c. 25): — "It shouldn't be England and 
 lier colonies, but they should be integral parts of one 
 great whole — all counties of Great Britain. There 
 should be no taxes on colonial produce, and the colonies 
 should not be allowed to tax British manufactures. 
 . All should pass free, as from one town to another in 
 England ; the whole of it one vast home-market, from 
 Hong Kong to Labrador." In "The Attache" (c. 21) 
 Mr. Slick oljserves of colonists : — " They m'e attached 
 to England, that's a fact; keep them so by making 
 them Englishmen. * * Their language will change 
 them. It will be o^/r army * not the English army ; 
 our navy, oar duirch, onr parliament, our aristocracy, 
 (Src, and the woi-d English will be left out holus-l)olus 
 and that proud but endearin' word 'our' will be in- 
 
36 
 
 HALIBURTON: 
 
 sai-tc<l.' Halilnirton sccmiis to liave fivtti'd niuler tJiis 
 sul..,i-.linat • status „t* the colonics, an.l to have yearne.l 
 tor a fuller imperial citizenship for colonists. "No, don't 
 use that word 'our' till you are entitled to it," says the 
 clockniaker. " Be formal and evei-lastin' polit.'. Say 
 'your' en.pire, 'your' army, &c., and never sti-ut un.ler 
 horrowed plumes." Elsewhere he has compaiv.l the 
 colonies to ponds, which rear frogs, but want only in- 
 lets and outlets to become lakes and produce fine fish. 
 In fact the main cause of discontent amoni,^ educated 
 and self-reliant colonists, as he makes Mr. Hopewell 
 point out (Clockmaker, M, If), and still more impres- 
 sively, AttacluS c. 02) was the lack of openings f(,r 
 «-onius an<l ambition. On the gate of any colonial 
 cemetery, he thought, might be aptly inscribed the 
 stanzas, 
 
 " Perhaps in this neglected spot is hiid 
 
 Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire ; 
 Hands that tiie rod of empire might liave swayed, 
 Or waked to ecstasy the living lyre. 
 
 " The applause of listenuig senates to command ; 
 Tlie threats of pain and ruin to despise ; 
 To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land, 
 
 And read their history in a nation's eyes ; 
 "Their lot forbad." 
 
 The Provinces are now confederated, and a Domi- 
 nion political career furnishes another opening to 
 aspiring and gifted Canadians. Yet until the name of 
 colonist is almost and the status of a colonist altogether 
 obsolete, some of our ambitious men must feeC with 
 Haliburton, a " want of room— of that employment that 
 IS reipiired for ability of a certain description "— diplo- 
 
 id ^'^•^, 
 
THE MAN AND THE WlilTEU. 
 
 :M 
 
 lUJitic address, for instance, and international states- 
 niaiiship. (Jeorge Wasliinoton, Mr. Hopewell hinted, 
 nii<rht never have led the insurgent provinces to victory, 
 liad his gifts and anilntion had free vent "in other 
 parts of the empire." The representation of the colo- 
 nies in the imperial parliament would also serve to 
 pi-event dangerous disaffection : their representatives 
 " will be safety-valves to let off' steam." Our author 
 thou'i'ht the North American colonies had I'eached a 
 period in their growth "when the treatment of adults 
 should supersede that of children ;" but he was not of 
 those who wished to accept the full privileges of man- 
 hood and to shirk its obligations and responsilalities. 
 
 The doubt to-day with most imperial federatiouists 
 is not whether Ureat Britain would grant, but whether 
 C/anad?i will appreciate or accept the proud status 
 Haliburton craved for her, to be peer among the con- 
 stituent states of a peerless empire. 
 
 "Ah, Doctor," said Sam Slick (Nature and Human 
 Nature, c. 10) " thlvijx cant avd wont reiiudn loiuj as 
 they air. England has three things among which to 
 choose for her North American colonies : First- 
 Incorporation wdth herself, and representation in Par- 
 liament. Secondly— Independence. Thirdly — Annex- 
 ation wdth the States." We have seen that Haliburton 
 preferred the first. 
 
 Sam Slick pooh-poohed the idea of Canadian In- 
 dependence in " The Clockmaker " (2, c. 16), and pro- 
 nounced it utterly impracticable. But he was then 
 speaking as an American ; and even if our author 
 personally hehl the same views, he might have modified 
 
38 
 
 UALIBUUTON. 
 
 tlu-iM ]ui(l he lived till (^nna.la supported;, lari^e militia 
 and a small aiiny, and when C^.nfederation (which he 
 thouoht an essential preliminary to Independence) was 
 an accomplished fact. In "Nature and Human Nature" 
 (e. 1!)) Ml-. Slick says that independence is hetter for 
 the colonies and Encrland than amiexation ; " but if that 
 is decided upon, sometliinn. must be done soon. The 
 way ought to he prepared for it by an innne.liate 
 federative and legislative union of them all." 
 
 Others of Haliburton's personages speak in favor 
 of colonial confederation. Among them is Senator 
 Boodle (Season Ticket, c. .S), who also argues that an 
 intercolonial railway should be constructed at once, and 
 that "as soon as this railway is finished immediate 
 stei)s shouM be taken to provide a safe, easy and expe- 
 <litious route to Eraser's River, on the Pacific." In the 
 first chapter of this same work thi' senator had pro- 
 phesied a great interoceanic railway and a great metro- 
 polis at E.squimalt : " The enterprise, science an<l energy 
 of the West will require and command the labor of the 
 East, and Vancouver will be the centre where tlu> pro- 
 ducts of both liemispheres will be exchanged. * * 
 You have the shortest p(«sible route aiuf the most 
 practical .le, through your own territory, fn^ni one ocean 
 to the other, the finest harbors hi the world (Halifax 
 ■iiKl Es.iuimalt), abuiKlance of coal at the termini and 
 
 the 
 
 most direct con 
 
 anci 
 miunit 
 
 'ati 
 
 world." 
 Th 
 
 on with all the easte 
 
 rn 
 
 nfinite 
 •ecognized 
 
 par 
 
 onies 
 
 importance of Britain an<l her col 
 ieably, if they are to part at all, was fully 
 •y our author. " If the partnership is to 1 .e 
 
 M^'t- 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 ;J9 
 
 dissolved," advist'd Mr. Slick, " it ha<l bettei- l)i' done l>v 
 mutual consent, and it would he for the inteivst ot" both 
 that you should part friends. You did n't shake hands 
 with, hut fists at, us when we separated. * * 
 Wounds were given that the hest part of a centuiy 
 liasn't healed, and wounds that will leave tender spots 
 forever." Our author did not, however, anticipate an 
 angry parting. The holder of "the season ticket," in 
 the hook hearing that name, expresses himself as fol- 
 lows to an American who talks of anne.xing Canada: 
 "The inhahitants of British Noi-th America would 
 deeply deplore a severance of the connexicni with Great 
 Britain ; and if such an event should ever occur, it 
 would not arise from the annexation or con(|uest of 
 their country hy you, nor from a successful contest with 
 the parent state, hut from the natural course of events, 
 in which colonies hecome too populous to he dependent, 
 and their interests too complicated and important to he 
 regulated otherwise than on the spot, hy entire self- 
 government. And he assured, if they do hecome inde- 
 pendent, it will be by mutual consent and good will, 
 and, let me add, with the nmtual regret of both parties." 
 If our author was averse to annexation, it was 
 from no narrow prejudice against the great American 
 people. Indeed his imagination had conceived and his 
 judgment had approved the very grandest of the vari- 
 ous schemes propounded for the future of our race — 
 an Anglo-Saxon union or alliance, dominating the 
 world and dictating peace to the too heavily armed 
 nations. "Now we are two great nations," remarks 
 Mr. Slick in his quaint style (Wise Saws, c. 2(5), " the 
 
40 
 
 irALIIiritTON: 
 
 greatest by aloii"-' rluilk, dt* any in the woi-ld — speak 
 tlu' same laniiuaoc, luixc the same rclioion^ ^nd our 
 eoiistitiiti(nis don't, ditt'cr no ^ruat odds. WV ou<dit to 
 draw closer than we do. \W ai-c liio- ciuaioli, (■(jual 
 enout-h, and .stron^- cnouoh n,,t to l)e Jcalcais of each 
 other. Tjiited, we arc more nor a match for all the 
 other nations [)nt to<rether, and can defy their fleets, 
 ai-mies and millions. Single, we ciaild n't stand a'-'ainst 
 all, and if one was to fall, wheiv wcndd the other he i 
 Mournin" over the o-rave that covers a relative whose 
 place can never be tilled. It is authors of silly books, 
 editors of silly papers, and dema^^ooues of silly parties 
 that helps to estrange us. I wish there was a gibl)et 
 high enough and strong enough to hang up all these 
 enemies of mankin<l on." 
 
 Americans were generally, as our authoi- fcanid 
 them, shrewd, (piick, energetic, entei-pri/ing. They 
 were generous, too, and in his opinion "those who have 
 described the Yankees as a cold, designing, uiumpas- 
 sioned i)e()ple, know but little of them in their domestic 
 circles." But the Americans, he thought, were " imatre 
 worshippers:" they worshipped the golden image and 
 the American image. With them everything was for 
 sale, and they humbugged everybody — themselves in- 
 cluded. Many of them were ostentatious and snobbish 
 in their own sense (^f the latter term. This trait of 
 theirs he often notes and caricatures. He describes 
 some New England factory girls who wanted to be 
 "takt'ii off" (/. ('., photographed) in company with cer- 
 tain alleged grand relations of theii-s. Miss Sally Slick 
 is ma(k^ to ad'lress her letters to " Hon. Sanuiel Slick, 
 
 .J^t^.. 
 
 •S-J > * <fe W»T*g^^-^ 
 
77/ a; man AM) TIIK Wh'ITh'h\ 
 
 4.1 
 
 ■M — spcjik 
 i, and our 
 ■'■ ou^lit to 
 i^li, t'({ual 
 « of onc'li 
 >!• nil tlio 
 i(-'ii' Heets, 
 
 kI against 
 >tli('i' 1((. ^^ 
 
 ''t* wJioso 
 Jy I'ooks, 
 y parties 
 a n^iMn't 
 ill I tht'sc 
 
 '!■ t'oiiiid 
 Tl.oy 
 lio have 
 iiiinpas- 
 loiiiestic 
 " iniaijfe 
 ige and 
 vas tor 
 Ives in- 
 iobl)is]i 
 I'ait of 
 vscril)es 
 to be 
 til cer- 
 / Slick 
 81ick, 
 
 late of the Embassy to the (/onrt of St. James's." 
 This she used to do "to let .some folks know who some 
 folks are." And Mr. Slick declared that if a youn<;- 
 Knii'lisli commissai'iat officer went to his native Onion 
 County, Connecticut, he could many the richest giil in 
 it, merely on account of the imposing' length of his 
 title — Deputy- A.ssistant-Connnissary-deneral. 
 
 The scamps and humbuos who, all o\er the Xorth 
 American continent, u.sed the holy cau.se of temperance 
 as a profession or as a cloak, receive a <;()od deal of 
 notice from our autlior. The Hev. Mi-. Hopewell 
 laments (Attache, c. 20) that "emancipation and tem- 
 perance have .suporse(k'd the scriptures in the States. 
 Ft)rmerly they preached religion there, but now tluy 
 only preach about niggers and rum." In the fourth 
 chapter of "The Season Ticket" the chronicler very 
 minutely notes and comments on the various evasions 
 of the prohibitory law in Maine: — "The attempt to 
 enforce the Maine Licpior Law has increased drunken- 
 ness to an alarming degree. At first, the legislature 
 prohibited the is.sue of licences for the sale of fermented 
 licjuors, but this was evaded in every po.ssible way. 
 The striped pig was a very amusing dodge. A man 
 advertised that he was possess* '1 of a singular pig 
 \vhich was striped like a zebra, . id that it was U) be 
 exhibited under canvas,at a certaiti price daily. Crow<ls 
 pressed forward to behold this wonderful animal, but 
 every one who entered the tent in which it was shown, 
 expressed his indignation at having been cheated by 
 the substitution of a common hog, that had been shaved 
 and painted in longitudinal stripes. The keeper feigno 
 
42 
 
 llAIJlirUTON 
 
 \f\'v\\i rt't^rct jit tlu' (lisaiipoiiitiiiciit and want of taste 
 of the spectators, and l»e<;oed them to aeeept a ^lass of 
 rum and a liiscuit, as sonie compi nsation foi- the dece[)- 
 tion. It was soon whispered about, that it was an 
 aeute evasion. The money was paid for a shjlit, in 
 order to obtain a tustc ; it was the admission ticket that 
 was sold, and not tlie licpior. 'The Uiw,' he said, 'did 
 not pi-event a man from being lil)eral to his friends.' 
 
 Anothei" evasion was to import from the adjoining' 
 .state, where this rigid law di<l not prevail, a coffin con- 
 taining a tightly-titting tin box, filled with brandy. 
 When emptied of its contents it was supplied with a 
 corpse, the victim (perhaps !) of the poison it had pre- 
 viously concealed. To prevent these tricks, all per.sons 
 wei-e pi-ohibited by penal enactments from selling 
 spii-ituous liijuors, unless a professional order was ob- 
 tained, prescribing it as a medicine. The mere pro- 
 <luction of the order was declared to be a protection ; 
 but the Act was silent on the subject of the (pialifica- 
 tion, or the sex of the practitioner, so every man pre- 
 scribed for his noighlxnir, and luirses ordered it into 
 every house they attended. In short the law was so 
 loosely worded and so badly amended, that as soon as 
 one hole was soldered up, another appeared, and it was 
 never 'li(|Uor-tight.' In my opinion it increased the 
 evil it was designed to remedy, by adding to it fraud 
 and hypocrisy. You may induce a man to be temperate 
 by appealing to his reason, or his sense of right and 
 wrong, but you can never compel him t<> be so by legal 
 enactment, or pecuniary penalties. If the fine is large, 
 it creates a sympathy for the offendei', and it is paid 
 
 !»!»' 
 
77/A' MAX AXn Tllh' WHITER. 
 
 4:} 
 
 M\i of taste 
 |>t a nhissof 
 r the (It'ccp- 
 t it Was an 
 
 'I -"^'lUltf, ill 
 I ticket that 
 t' said, 'did 
 ■i t'l-ii'iids.' 
 leadjoiuini'- 
 I coffin cou- 
 th lii'andy. 
 it'd with a, 
 it had prc- 
 all jx'i'sons 
 >ni Hfllinn- 
 IT was (jl)- 
 
 nicro pro- 
 U'otection ; 
 
 qualifica- 
 
 niaii pro- 
 ed it into 
 \-\\ was so 
 IS so<ni as 
 Liid it was 
 eased tlio 
 J it fraud 
 eniperate 
 i^lit and 
 > hy It'^ral 
 i is large, 
 t is paid 
 
 by subscription ; if too small, it is addecl to the price of 
 the illicit spirits. If its enforcement violates j>ersonal 
 liberty too much, and calls in the aid of in(|uisitorial 
 powers, the executive otHcer subjects himself to pei-sonal 
 outi'agt', and his pro])erty to serious depredations. " 
 
 Sam Slick thus epigranniiatically characterises his 
 countrymen: " Brag is a good dog and Holdfast is a 
 better one, but what do you say to a cross of tho two i 
 And that's just what w^e are." 
 
 Americans, Haliburton thought, had no satisfac- 
 tory safe-guards against popular frenzies: they lacked 
 a cli^rgy with sti})ends independent of their congrega- 
 tions, and a nobility and gentry with a social position 
 too secure to be endangered by their opposing the vio- 
 lent whims of the populace. 
 
 Our author does not seem to have forecast that 
 sooner or later their national shrewdness would enable 
 Americans t<j discern their national dangers, with 
 which their national energy would promptly proceed 
 
 to deal. 
 
 That our author discountenanced the abolition 
 movement, believing slaves to be generally happier 
 than peasants, may be inferred from Slick's ridicule of 
 " ablutionJsts," and still more clearly from the cynical 
 letter of an abolitionist in "The Letter Hag of the 
 (b-eat West(.'ru." 
 
 Three prophecies relating to the United States 
 were made by personages in our author's works, of 
 which two have not and one has been already verified. 
 There w^ould be an uprising of the colored population ; 
 there would be an established church (the Roman 
 
44 
 
 IIALinrHTdN. 
 
 ('atlii)lic, as successive ceiisiises \V(iul«l iiidiciite) : uiid 
 tliei-e would l»e u civil wiir on the (jUestiou of stute- 
 ri;,dits. '(Jciienil (lovermiieut nu<l Stjite (lovenniieiit," 
 said Mr. Slick, " every now and then s(|uare oli'aiid spar, 
 ami the tirst hlow j^iven will l)i'in<,^ a gcnu-iue set-to." 
 
 Aiiione- Halihurtou's distinctive ijil'ts was his apti- 
 tude for aphorisms and short i»ithv saviiu's of all 
 Ivinds. " Xothin'," says the clockniaker, "improves a 
 man's nianneis like runnin' an idection." " Hcforms," 
 says the Old ,)u<l^r,. sairastically, " aiH; not applicable 
 to rofonnei-s, for those who liherate others nuist theiu- 
 selvos be free." " When ladies wear the breeches their 
 l)ettic()ats should be lon^- enou<,di to hide cm," philoso- 
 ))hises Mr. Slick. " Xo man nor woniiin nothei-," 
 o[)ined the same philosophei', '"can be a general favo- 
 rite and be true." "A long face is plaguy apt to cover 
 a long ccaisciencc," says Parson Hojiewell. The only 
 good of a college education is "to show how devilish 
 little other people know," acc(a-ding to some cynic in- 
 troduced by our authoi-. And varicais pei'sonagcs of 
 his utter the following discei-ning observations : ' There 
 is a private spring to every one's att'ections : if lie can 
 find that and touch it, the door will fly o])en." "A 
 W(anan lias two smiles that an angel might envy : the 
 smile that accepts the lover before words are spoken, 
 an.i the smile that alights on the tirst-born baby and 
 assures it of a mother's love." "A good tem))er nnist 
 b(! kept cool : even sugar, when fermentcil, makes 
 
 (-1 
 
 vniegai". 
 
 Tluaigh thei-e be more refinement in the 
 
TIIH MAN AND T/L'J WHITE II 
 
 45 
 
 citi/cii, tlicic is less lu'rti't tluin in tlic c'cmiitiy man. 
 H( 'fore you can iiii])art its hri^litncss t(» steel, yoii must 
 harden its texture." 
 
 The last two ([notations illustrate our author's 
 sine'ular and unfailin;^' facility for lindini;' similes and 
 metaphors to elucidate a s[)eaker's meanine'. Let me 
 ;id<l another (|uaintly expressive figure. I think it is 
 in "The ()1<1 .ludec " that somehody talks of "a dusky 
 ni<dit, when the moon looks I'tkc a ilosc of <'<ish,r oil in 
 (( (jliisn of chic I'." 
 
 Hero is one of the lessons of tlie Fi-encli Revolution 
 in a nutshell : — " Concession never sto[)t agitation since 
 the world was squeeziMl (ait of a curd ; it only feeds it. 
 Thi-owin' sops to varmint only brings 'em hack again ; 
 and when you liave nothin' left to throw to 'em, they 
 are plaguy apt to turn to and tare you to pieces." 
 
 Here and tlvere the i . der is tickled by some (piaint 
 original conci'it. Some stokers on the (Ji-eat Westi'i'u 
 are represented as liaving " sour, Cameronian-looking 
 faces, t.iat .seem as if they w. • dreadfully disapp()inte(l 
 they were not persecuted any more." A looking-glass 
 is styled a woman's greatest enemy (Season Ticket, p. 
 280), not because it reflects falsely but because it re- 
 flects a false face. When she consults her glass, .she is 
 looking at her dearest friend and is uncon.sciously dis- 
 posed to look her very best. Hence the mirror gives 
 every woman an exaggerated opini(jn of her own at- 
 tractions. 
 
 With many readei-s Haliburton's populai-ity rests 
 n])on his peculiar gifts as a mcoritcii c. A good memory 
 and a fertile imauinati(ai both aided him in C(»n.struct- 
 
40 
 
 HALIBURTON, 
 
 in<;' liis stories, of wliich many are wholly or partly 
 true, while many are purely fictitious. " Most of the 
 anecdotes in those hooks called 'The Clockmaker' and 
 'Attache' are real ones," says the chnnn'cler of the lattei- 
 work (c. 52). 
 
 Sometimes our author seems to moot a suhject 
 merely to introduce an anec<l<)te. And the connection 
 hetween suhject and anecdote is sometimes so thin that 
 it might he invisihle, if it were not sjx^cially pointi'd 
 out. This criticism applies more particularly to the 
 nai-ratives of Mr. Slick, who is d-^^signed to he a some- 
 what inct)nsequent spinner ,)f yarns, and who, indeed, 
 once pleaded guilty to making "one of my rand)lin' 
 speeclies," "with capital stories that illustrated every- 
 thing hut the resolution." 
 
 It would hi' ahout as impracticahle to select the 
 l)est dozen, or score, of Halihurton's yarns as it would 
 be to do that favorite modern puzzle to " name the best 
 100 books." His tales are multitudinous. They are 
 of all kinds and characters, and illustrate njost of his 
 characteristics, especially his ingenuity, power of imag- 
 ination, and keen relish for the ludicrous. I may be 
 permitted, however, to refer to a few anecdotes which 
 notably display these cpialities : — to the tale of the 
 broken-down old slave, for instance, who was cuiniingly 
 pei'suaded to buy his freedom by his master's assurance 
 that he was (piite sound and had a deal of work in him 
 yet, and who then sued his master for breach of war- 
 ranty and forced him to refund the purchase-money ; 
 to the tale of a Mormon in (Idir'iiirn tirmeny (Season 
 
 .ji' 
 
 n 
 
 ■noa 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 47 
 
 lly or partly 
 'Most of the 
 kmakcr' and 
 •of tlielatt<'i- 
 
 >t a suhj'cc-t 
 3 connection 
 so thin that 
 ''lly pointed 
 ai'ly to the 
 be a some- 
 k'ho, indeed, 
 ly mnd)h"n' 
 ited e very- 
 select th(! 
 IS it would 
 [le the best 
 Thoy ai'e 
 'ost of liis 
 1" of iniaof- 
 I may l>e 
 tes which 
 le of the 
 ninningly 
 assui'anee 
 i"k in him 
 li of war- 
 '-money ; 
 -' (Season 
 
 Ticket) wlio fancied himself a " rooster " and his wives 
 hens, and beat and pecked at the latte)- bevause tlxy 
 wouMu't roost on the garden fence with their heads 
 under their wings ; to the tale of the Quaker and the 
 marine insurance money (Clockmaker, 2, I'i), a nice 
 case for casuists ; to the tale of Sam Slick saving a 
 l)oy's life and getting " more kicks than half-pence " as 
 his reward (Nat\n'e and H. N., c. 4) ; to the tale of the 
 Yankee who got out of a tine imposed by a grand- 
 motherly law for smoking by brazenly denying that 
 his cigar was alight, inducing the constable to detect 
 his falsehood by taking a whitt" himself, and then 
 threatening the officer with a fine for his own violation 
 of the law ; to the tale of how Sam Slick learned Gaelic 
 an<l taught a pretty girl English on the object lesson 
 system (Nature and H. N., c. 5) ; and to the tale of the 
 Scotch sergeant's misunderstandings an<l mortifications 
 while inquii'ing about the name and nature of a moose 
 (ibid, c. 9). 
 
 Specimens of our author's broad ami farcical 
 humour may be found in the tinale to the Governor's 
 dinner party and in the yarn of the extemporized 
 page's breeches, both in "The Old Judge;" and in the 
 lady's ludicrous exhilntion of fright at a thunder storm 
 in " The Season Ticket." On one occasion Mr. Slick 
 was sent to Italy to purchr.se pictures for a Yankee 
 institution, and strongly cautioned against bringing 
 home anything that might seem indelicate. He car- 
 I'ied out his instructions with such carefulness that, a 
 Virgin and a Child being among his purchases and the 
 Child's legs being naked, he " had an artist to paint 
 
48 
 
 HALIBURTON. 
 
 trousers anl a pair of lace boots upon him," to uiakt^ 
 liini " look genteel." 
 
 Haliburton lias sometimes exhibited a phase of 
 humour which in recent years has been most annisinoly 
 illustrated by Mark Twain — affected iiniocence or 
 ignorance. Thus Mr. Slick pretends to misunderstand 
 nautical slang (Xature and H. N., c. 2), taking a num- 
 l)er of figurative phrases literally, one after another. 
 
 To anyboily who has read one of Haliburton's 
 anecdotal works, his pronene.ss to punning will be too 
 patent to need illustration. Some signal instances of 
 his capacity and his weakness for puns are found in 
 " The Letter Bafj of the Great Western :" — for instance, 
 in the mi<lshipman's description of the seasickness of 
 various passengers in terms borrowed from their re- 
 spective professions (No. 4); in the lawyer's clerk's 
 letter (No. 10); and in the Preface, where the author 
 pours a perfect torrent of postal puns on the post- 
 master-general, that " frank man of letters who trans- 
 ports tlu> mails." The same temptation to distort 
 words which led him to perpetrate some (Jonhlr eiilcn- 
 dres led him also to perpetrate some pretty bad puns. 
 How strong this temptation nuist have been on occa- 
 sions, may be gathered from his making a speaker pun 
 while seriously protesting against the mean treatment 
 of the loyalists in the Canadian rebellion — ^a subject on 
 which Haliburton felt very deeply indeed, and to which 
 he often recurred. " He who called out the militia," 
 complains a colonial loyalist, " and (juelled the late re- 
 bellion amid a shower of balls, was knighted. He who 
 assented amid a shower of eggs to a bill to indenniify 
 
 i»i^' 
 
THE MAN AND THE WHITER. 
 
 49 
 
 tlio rebels, was created an eai'l. Now to pelt a t^overnor- 
 geiieral with eggs is an overt act of treason, for it is an 
 attempt to throw off' the yolk." 
 
 Reckless punning marked our authoi-'s conversa- 
 tion as well as his writings. He was notorious f'oi- it 
 among his classmates at Col](>ge. He displayed it occa- 
 sionally on the hench. A man once begged exemption 
 from jury duty on the ground of having a certain skin 
 disease vulgarly known as the itch. " Scratch tliat 
 man !" promptly directed the judge. 
 
 ►Some of our author's (Irdnuifis pcrwiue intru<le 
 upon the domains of Dogberry, and of Mesdanies 
 Malaprop, Ramsbottoiii,, and Partington. Among these 
 are Mrs. Figg and the female servant in "The Letter 
 Bag," and an old woman in "The Season Ticket," who 
 expresses her "symphonies" for "intosticated" persons. 
 Old Sorrow and some other negroes introduced by our 
 autlior di.^.play a similar perverted yearning to tackle 
 big words that are more than a match for their under- 
 standing or their powers of utterance. 
 
 Many popular jests and expressions have been bor- 
 rowed from Haliburton, while some which may seem 
 taken from him may have l)een suggested to him by 
 somef)ody else, for our author was himself an adapter 
 as well as a creator. All I can say, therefore, of the 
 following notions and phrases is that / have not noticed 
 them in any earlier writer. In "The Old Judire," the 
 Indian chief, Paul, explains to the Governor, who is 
 surprised at seeing him drunk so soon again, that it is 
 "all same old drunk." And tlie same wily native, on 
 the (lovernor's expressing regret at some misfortune of 
 
50 
 
 HALIHURTON. 
 
 lns,a„.sw,Ts: " Yes, l.nid.l,,., l,„t hn,r ninrh a vo you 
 -orry ! Aiv y,.n so.ry one p„nn,l r " Fact, 1 assure 
 you, tlie pot phrase of th.- liar in Faueett R„we's 
 co.ne.ly of " Brass," was use.I l.y Ty.^art (()1<I Ju.l^e), 
 by Peal.o,ly (Season Ticket) an<l by Mr. Slick Imnself 
 Mr. ]). R. Locke ('< Petroleum V. Nasby '•)told nie that ho 
 once made quite a hit in a stun.p speech by dividing 
 the voters of his ccmntry into " ,nen with clean shirts 
 and Democrats." I wonder whetlu>r he ha<l read the 
 •iehnitions .juote.l by Sam Slick of a Tory ("a <rentle- 
 nuin every inch of him * and he puts ,m a" clean 
 shirt every day ") an<l of a Whio- ("a ..ntlen.an every 
 other nich of him and he puts on an unfrilled shi/t 
 every other day "). 
 
 Everybody has laughed at Topsy's idea that she 
 was not made but "grovved." About Hfteen years be- 
 tore the publication of " Uncle Tom's Cabin," in the first 
 series of "The Clockmaker " (c. 12), a country girl be- 
 ing asked where she was brought up replied in these 
 wor<ls: " Why, I o-uo.ss 1 wasn't brought up at all I 
 growed up." 
 
 The Tewksbnry workhouse people (or Gonoi-al 
 
 Butler may have taken the notion of 
 
 skins from the C( 
 
 taini 
 
 )nnecticut pedlar mentioned 
 
 nig pauper: 
 
 Season Ticket" (p. 4!)), who Ixnio-ht 
 
 in 
 
 ^ri 
 
 le 
 
 of the shei'itf 
 
 a nit)-(ir(.i' s 
 
 on 
 
 f^rt^ 
 
 body 
 
 spekelation, and hired a doctor t" 
 
 take his hide off, and he dressed it with al 
 
 and cut it into 
 
 um and lim( 
 
 From time to t 
 
 narrow pieces and made razor strops of it. 
 
 advisability of f 
 
 ime .some wit-borrow 
 
 er suggests tlu 
 
 reezing, or me.smerizincr, oi- } 
 
 toft 
 
 passengers as a soxereiou i 
 
 emec 
 
 iyt' 
 
 lypnotizii 
 
 iL"- 
 
 or sea-sickne.ss. 
 
 ^«' 
 
THE ^MAK AKI) THE WHITER. 
 
 51 
 
 '// (iir you, 
 L't, 1 assure 
 ctt Rowo's 
 )1<I Ju(l^v), 
 ck liiinself. 
 me tliat lie 
 y <livi(liiio- 
 lean sliirts 
 <l ivad the 
 " a gentle- 
 >n a clean 
 nan every 
 ilk'd slnrt 
 
 tliat slie 
 years l)e- 
 n the first 
 y S'ii-l, be- 
 l in tliese 
 p at all, I 
 
 Oonei-al 
 ;■ panpers' 
 in "The 
 ■r's body 
 loctor to 
 and lime, 
 ops of it." 
 gi'sts the 
 Hiotizinnr- 
 :ness. 1 
 
 should like to know whether this sno-<^estion was first 
 made in the Shareholder's letter in "The Letter Bao-," 
 whei-e it is shown that this |)lan would he economical 
 for the company, as well as j)leasant for the passengers. 
 
 If one wished to libel Haliburton, one miirht ar<»ue 
 plausibly that ^ furnishe(l the model for " Feck's Bad 
 Boy," foi- there is in " The Lettei- Bag" an epistle fi-om 
 a certain ovfiinf b'vr'ihlc, wIkj plays a series of tricks 
 almost as nefarious as those of Peck's monsti-osity. 
 1'hey range from putting glass in passenger's boots, for 
 the pleasure of hearing them swear, to removing a leaf 
 from his father's scrnum, for the r)leasure of heai-in«- 
 
 "the old man" talk admiringly about " tlie beauty 
 
 of — of the devil and all his M'orks !" 
 
 Not only have modern funny men taken hints from 
 Haliburton, but modei-n journalists have sometimes ap- 
 propriated his anecdotes holus-bolus or with variations. 
 The following from the French passenger's missive in 
 " The Letter Bag " was adapted by one of our Nova 
 Scotian newspapers not a year ago, and spoiled in the 
 adapting:— "To-day steward took hold of de skvlioht 
 and said 'look out.' Well I put up my head for to 'look 
 out,' and he sluit down de sash on it and gave me a cut 
 ahnost all over my face with pains of glass, and said 
 'Dat is not de way to look out, you should have took 
 your head t>y.' Dat is beating de English into your 
 head wit de devil to it likewise." 
 
 A Halifax weekly, The (Jrltir, arniounced a special 
 Christmas nund)er in 18(S,5, and ottered a prize for the ' 
 best original story. One of the two stoi-ios l)etMX'en 
 which the prize was divided was meivly a n'c/un'fe', 
 
 .^ 
 
52 
 
 HALIBURTON: 
 
 with fmsh saiico and dmssinfr of " Tl.o ^,n t i . 
 uhost, asnarmt('( iinViseS-Mv«" Ti , i -'•^''^"" 
 
 t,u„c.,l a rather o.|„,,„« clm,„„l„j,i™| ,,|„,„|,.,. „, 
 
 ""'''""■'"" P"\"''"' '!"■ «l"rft-< "f l,is sarcasm ,,s„. 
 
 ■>llj «t types an,l classes, sel,l,„„ at i„.livi,l„als He 
 
 S.W an u„„ccui.ie,I fel,! f„r a satirist at l,.„„e i„l "c 
 
 proeee,!,.., t„ occupy it. .■ The al,s„r,l i,„p„rta " .^^ 
 
 '•> couiitij, to triHes, observes one of hi« 
 
 Hdicule an,l satire; 1— ' '"-.y „,,Jects for 
 
 . Illustrations „f |,is satiric ,„nver may be foun.l in 
 ■s sketches of ti.e Governors ai.les-,.e-cL,p iC 
 
 ' ' *''"'' ""^■y "lay have an opportunity of Loastinc 
 o a larger An.erican river " (Season Tick/, pp V^ ^^ 
 n the Hoo.1 ot „.ony which is poure.I upon the false 
 .lKst„,ct,ons between right an.l wrong t Lt nrc^-a t, 
 among anotlier type of A icans iCI. .t P'""''*^'' 
 10)- in the "l.t/ *■ (Uockniaker, 2, c. 
 
 ^^'f> III tile letter ti-oih « -,ji , i p , , 
 
 vellp,l"v;r r ''"' ^'11'' '^Jt^fore he has tra- 
 
 ^eiied, ruheuhno- superficial Fnoli^i, i 
 
 " " "^^ x!iii''lisli observers wifli 
 
 reeoncen-e,l notions about AuK.rica (Letter Ba„ 
 the etter fron, a New York " Loco-foco " „7,;,A ; .i 
 »^t,est,,eam.irs,,fEnglan,l with seifJis J' ;:;:': 
 
 Colonial bishops are not exempt fron, the caustic 
 a"ent,ons of our author :-•. They hL-e ((„,, J,,,,::;':';,; 
 
 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 5;} 
 
 Isluiid 
 ^'as"to](l 
 e quoted 
 even re- 
 ' of the 
 
 '^iii usu- 
 Is. He 
 and he 
 Lnce at- 
 of his 
 al poli- 
 icli sel- 
 cts for 
 
 nnd in 
 
 " The 
 i«l the 
 asting- 
 M)l); 
 
 false 
 mailed 
 ', 2, c. 
 s tra- 
 
 with 
 :); in 
 ^'hich 
 
 nstic 
 
 one <]frand ol»ject in view from the moment of their 
 landinj^ in a colony ; and that is the (>iection of a cathe- 
 dral so la]-«ife as to contain all the churchmen t)f the 
 province, and so expensive as to exhaust all the liber- 
 ality of their friends : and this unh'nished monument 
 of ill-directed zeal they are sure to place in a situation 
 where it can be of no use whatever." 
 
 This proneness of our author to be sarcastic jjjot 
 him into some trouble on one occasion, for in 1(S27, 
 when a school bill of his had been thrown out by the 
 Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, he desimiated that 
 august body as " twelve dignified, deep-read, pensioned 
 old ladies, l)ut tilled with prejudices and whims, like 
 all other anti(iuated spinsters," etc. For this utterance 
 he was censured in the following terms by the House 
 of Assembly, as recorded in the Journal of the House, 
 April 4, 1.S27 :— 
 
 "Thomas C. Halliburton, Es(j., oneof the Members 
 for the County of Annapolis, being called upon, and 
 having admitted that he did in this House speak the 
 words complained of by His Majesty's Council, and 
 afterwards publish the san>e ; 
 
 Resolved, therefore, unanimously : "That the House 
 do consider the conduct of the said Thomas C. Haliburton 
 on that occasion as highly reprehensible, and that Mr. 
 Speaker do pass the censure of this House upon the 
 said Thomas C. Haliburton, by publicly reprimanding 
 him therefor at the bar of this House." 
 
 He was accordingly so reprimanded. 
 
 As a general rule, the style of our author is less 
 terse than that of mo.st modern American humourists 
 
mt- ' 
 
 1;^! 
 
 iiA/jhrirmx: 
 
 J.: 
 
 His cfirc'ts arc prodnccd l»y huliiTous situations and 
 i«T()t('S(|m' conceits more often than 1)V tricks of con- 
 stniction. }lis sentences are seldom framed to I'ouse 
 tile Hai^i^inii' attention of the reader l»v sudden jolts or 
 jerks. Here and there, however, he displays the 
 ])i(|uant flippancy and careless exa^'ycration of a mod- 
 ei'n paran'raphist. 
 
 He used dialogue copiously, as a means to make 
 his books and opinions popular. " Why is it," asks 
 Sam Slick (Wi.se Saws, c. ID), "if you read a hook to a 
 man you set him to slee[) ^ Just because it is a hook 
 and the lannua<;'e aint conunon. Why is it if you talk 
 to him he will sit up all nii^ht with you ^ Just because 
 it's t{''k, the lan^ua^'e of natui'." And written chat, 
 he thouoht, was the next best medium to oral chat for 
 holding" the attention of all classes (for "the test of a 
 rael <j^enu-ine i^ood book," in Mr. Slick's opinion at 
 h'ast, "is that it is read in the parloui- and in the 
 kitchen.") Here is the rationale of that "convei'sa- 
 tional style" that has helped to win a circulation for 
 so many modern .society jouj'nals, and which is <^row- 
 ing so popular with "special contributions." 
 
 Our author's dialogue, however, is not invariably 
 suited to the character either in matter or in manner, 
 And few of his dramatis yevHima', if they display any 
 peculiarities of idiom, are made to u.se tlie same dialect 
 consistently throughcait. Even the .spelling that is used 
 to convey provincial misproiumciations is capriciously 
 varied. And our author's characters sometimes stray 
 fi-om the main subject of discussion with an abi-uptness 
 that in real life would surprise and offend. 
 
 MM 
 
Till': MAX AND Till': WIUTHU. 
 
 55 
 
 In these pnrticiiliU's Halihuitoii displays the care- 
 lessness jind want of tinisli which aic anioni; his chief 
 defects. Anothei- fault also arisin<4' tVoni caieles>-ness 
 is his too fi'e<[Uent re])etition, hoth of ideas and f( i-nis 
 of exjiression. 
 
 Wiien Halihuiton exerted himself, he was caj ahlu 
 of risin<^ to a hi^h degree of el<)([Uence and inipressivc- 
 ness. When he wrott' carelessly he was liable to hcconie 
 (Utilise or stilted. Siniilai" connnents liave been made 
 by men wluj havi' lu'aid him speak. His ordinary 
 speeches are said to ha\e been little above the average, 
 while parts of his set oraticais, notably of his plea for 
 abolishino- the test oath in Nova Scotia, Avere powerful 
 and impressive in the extreme. 
 
 Nothing; militates more strongly or more unfairly 
 against a fiill rect)oniti()n of our author's talents than 
 the fact that he was not a success in the Impei'ial Par- 
 liament. But this was simply because none of his best 
 speeches were made in the House of Conmions. In 
 1(S5J), when he was elected for Launceston, lie was over 
 G2 years old — an age at which most eminent men, hav- 
 ing regard to their reputation only, would be wise to 
 rest upon their laurels. And Haliburton had been too 
 self-indulgent a liver to be exceptionally vigorous at 
 the begirniing of his old age. Besides, by this time his 
 success had probably made him too self-complacent to 
 think it needful to give nuich thought or labor to his 
 speeches. His tendency to wander from the subject 
 liad increased. Conunenting on a speech of his made in 
 Committee of Ways and Means, April 25, liSGl, Mr. 
 Bernal Osborne observed that he had "touched upon 
 
no 
 
 llALIHUHTOxX 
 
 nearly every topie except the issue wliieli is iininetli- 
 ately miller oiir coiisitlei'iitioii. The hoii. Mini ieaiiie(l 
 ■rcntleiiiaii is a man famous for his literarx' jihilitN'," 
 cojitiinied Mr. Oshoi'iie, "and as the author of works of 
 fiction which are universally read; hut 1 must say that 
 after the exhibition which he lias made to-ni^ht, he had, 
 in my opinion, hetter undertake another e(lition of 'The 
 RiiiMMer." " 
 
 Our author is sometimes vi\id and Itrilliaiit in his 
 descriptions of nature. Witness his detailed contrast 
 hetween tlie scenery of the White Mountains and the 
 storied and varying beauties of Killarney, in " 'i'he Sea- 
 son Ticket " (pp. .Sl-82). But lu' makes more hits as a, 
 portrait than as a landscape painter. The sketch of a 
 girl's "company face" (Ihid., p. .S27) is admii-able, and 
 so is the hypocritical tliief's make u[), to impose upon 
 the jury, in "The Clockmaker" (2, c. 10). In "The 
 Attache ' Sam Slick taki's off, in a few characteristic 
 touches, the popular Cheltenham ])reachei' who adver- 
 tises the frivolous gaieties of the place by violently de- 
 nouncing them ; and the fashionable Cheltenham doctor 
 who dexterously humours the whims of his hypochon- 
 driac patients and, through the gratitude of his profes- 
 sional brethren, constantly "gains new ])atients by 
 praising every London doctor individually, an<l only 
 danuiing them in a luni[)." There is a broken-down, 
 druidvcn, soured remnant of what was once an English 
 scholar and gentleman introduced in a single chapter of 
 "The Clockmaker" (2, c. I!)). The portrait is almost 
 too gloomy t(^ reproduce in its entirety, but it is won- 
 drously true to nature — the .spendthrift generosity, the 
 
77/ A' MAN- AXn Til /'J WlilThli. 
 
 57 
 
 iiiil)aticiK'(' of Viinki'i'isiiis, the tVctful oiitl.ui'sts ofjuuii- 
 (liccd ('l()(|Ut'iu'(' : — 
 
 '"Curse tlic /(H'iitioM,' he t'xclaimt'd, 'there is iin 
 location likeOM Kiii^HmihI." "' " 'On this side the water'" 
 he t'ouiid "'iiothinoappj-oiu'hin^' the class of ^^eiitrv. * 
 What little they jiave hei-e, sii-, are second hand airs 
 copie(l from ])oor models that necessity forces (ait here. 
 It is the farce of hioh life helow staii-s, sir, j)layed in a 
 ])ooi' theatre to a provincial audience.'" And atiain h ' 
 s[)(!aks Itittei'ly of '"the sickly wax-work imitation of 
 gentility here, the faded ai'titicial Howerof fashion, the 
 vulgar pi'ctension, the C(aitemptil»le stiugnle for })rece- 
 dence. Poor as I am, lunnhle as 1 am, and degraded 
 as I am — for I am all three now — I have seen 1 tetter 
 days and * * I know what I am talking about. 
 There's nothing l)eyond respec'able mediocrity here * 
 * Little ponds never hold big fish ; there is nothing 
 but pollywogs, tadpoles, and minims in them. Look 
 at them as they swim thro' the shallow water of the 
 margins of theii- little mud<ly pool, following some 
 small fellow an inch long, the leader of the shoal, that 
 thinks himself a whale. * * ({o to every press, and 
 see the stuff that is printed ; g(i to the people, and see 
 the stutt'that is uttered or swallowed, and then, tell me 
 this is a /(^cation for anvthing above medioci'itv.' 
 
 '" What keeps you here then :*' said Mi-. Slick, ' if 
 it is such an everlastin' miserable ccanitry as you lay 
 it (Uit to be:"' 'I'll tell ycai, sir,' said he, and he 
 drained oft' the whole of the brandy, as if to prepare 
 for the ettbrt — 'I will tell you what keeps me,' an<l 
 he placed his hand on his knees and looking the Clock- 
 
:)S 
 
 iiAunrirroS'. 
 
 f 
 
 iimkcr stcmlily in tlic fficc until cNcry iiiiisclc woikcd 
 with ('niution ' III tell \'(»u, sir, it' v<ni must ktio 
 
 w 
 
 iu\' mis 
 
 t'oi-ti 
 
 nit 
 
 hni \\v 
 
 r.'II F 
 
 lom his cliiiir. 
 
 Next to Sam Slick liiiiiscH' tlic llrNcrciid Mr. 
 I lii|)('\v('ll is tlic iM'Tsonnnc witli wliom we nrr iiuulc 
 most intimntc in tlif pfi^csot' H.ililnirtoii. Mr. II(»|m'\vcI1 
 is iiioi'dlhi consistent tlirouiiliout. \Vr arc <ji\»'n 'lis 
 character in i)iec'es, hut the i)icces tit. He utters .>o 
 
 ij^noltle sentiment and does no (jucstionahlc deed. No 
 Puritan, he used to say that youth, innocence and 
 (•heert'ulness were the Three ( JracL'.s. "The siyht of 
 the sea, a yi-eat storm, a starrv sk\' or even a mere 
 
 d 1 
 
 ower Would send lum into a re\'erie or rouse iiim to 
 
 an ecstasv. He thundered like 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 ehreW 
 
 pro]] 
 
 het 
 
 aeainst the impious notion of utili/iu^- the water-])ower 
 of Niagara. His saintly tolerance did not jireveiit his 
 t(dlin>^' his pharisaic Hock their hesettin^' sins and weak- 
 nesses. DisphuHMJ liy them, lu' strove to persuade him- 
 stdt' tliat he was at faidt au<l not thci/ : he W(add rather 
 have foiuid liimself in the wroui;- than helieve them so 
 haso and ungrateful. In this true evan<;elist, it is 
 likely that Halilau-ton reproduced .some traits of his 
 revered fi'iend the Ahhe Se^oo-ne. 
 
 It nuist l)e admitted, however, that this American 
 (•l(.i'(ryniiiu is sometimes made to display an almost in- 
 credibly 'iii'niiilf intimacy with C'auadiaii and British 
 politics and personages. He knows, for example, all 
 about Lord Durham and Mr. Poulett Thompson — their 
 acts, characters and inner motives. Very possibly our 
 author wished to fortify his own political opinions l>y 
 the endorst'inent of so hi<di-minded an obsei'ver. A 
 
Till': MA.\ AM) Tllh' WRITER. 
 
 59 
 
 slii^lit ovi'j'sij^lit is Ills ) iiotit'iTiMc in n»^oir(l to Mi'. 
 Hopewell's a^c. In th" second series of " 'i'lie Clock- 
 nuiker" (e. 15) lie decljires hiniselt' to Ke uinety-tive. 
 Yet in "The Attiielie," a work written five years later 
 and ri'eoi'din^' snl>se(|uent escnts, he is re])resi'nted as 
 H'oinu: to Kny-land with Mr. Slick and deliiihtin';' the 
 natives by his sermons and di.scour.ses. 
 
 In most respects Sam Slick is a typical wide-awake 
 Yankee man of hiisiness. 
 
 He is shifty an<l versatile. When he wants to^et 
 a particular deck seat on a steamer, he incpiires iinio- 
 cently if a certain sail in sieht can he a Chinese Junk. 
 The occupant of the coveted seat crosses tlie deck and 
 joins the curious crowd who are oazine- at the myster- 
 ious craft. Slick takes the seat and, when it is re- 
 claimed, pretends ijjjnorance of the Kn<;lish lannua>;e I 
 Wiien livinu' at Boston, he has a fast horse which will 
 not cross a bi'id_i;t' l)ecause it has once fallen thi'oueh 
 one. This horse he sells for a lii<;h tii^nire, advertising-, 
 with litt'i-al truth, that lie wcnild not sell it at any price 
 'if lit' did not V(i,d to leave Boston. Another fast trot- 
 ter of his has "the heaves." Slick advei-tises that his 
 only reason for selling is that the animal is " t(»o Jiedret/ 
 for harness." The unwary huyer returns to repi-oach 
 Slick, and only loses some more money by betting that 
 the latter had advertised the horse as too /ie((ri/ for har- 
 ness. At a time when there is a high duty of JiO ])er 
 cent, on lead, and no duty (m works of art, he realizes 
 a very handsome sum by investing heavily in leaden 
 
(if) 
 
 IfMJIiURTON: 
 
THE MAX AND TUh' WRITER. 
 
 01 
 
 ciety " which arc to he found in Chn])t('i' '15 of "The 
 Attaelio." 
 
 C^)nc(MtiMl and boastful of his eonntiy, lie saw 
 some of its faults and dan^'crs, aid criticised it freely 
 himself. In one of his bilious moods he denies that it 
 is the attractions of the T'^nited States thfit draw so 
 large an immio-ration : "It's nothin' but its power of 
 suction: it's a great Avhirlpool — a great vortex — it 
 <lrags all the straw and chips nd floatin' sticks, drift- 
 wood and trash into it." But, if he abused it himself, 
 he would not let others abuse it. He was particularly 
 down upon tourists making superficial observations in 
 his country in search of " facts " to verify their precon- 
 ceived ideas. He dearly loved to "bam " these gcutry 
 by such shocking tales as tlie "(Jouging School " and 
 the "Black Stole," which he tells in the !>()th chapter 
 of " The Attache." 
 
 Illustrating the desirability of travelliiu'- in a 
 cheerful, instead of a censorious frame of mind, he 
 observes that "the bee, though he find every rose has 
 a thoi-n, comes back loaded with honey from his rambles : 
 and why sluaildn't other tcnirists do the same ('' Our 
 author, it will be noticed, has endowed Sam Slick with 
 his own unfailing kntick of hitting on an apt simile 
 at will. 
 
 Self-conceited, Mr. Slick was too sublimely so to 
 be conscious of the failing. "That he is a vain man 
 cannot be <lenieil — -self-taught men are apt to be so 
 everywhere," says his chronicler. Some of Slick's boast- 
 fulness is doubtless due to his comfortable contideiice 
 iu himself. But .some of it is [)ut on with a iletinite 
 
62 
 
 H All BURTON, 
 
 SOS SI if. I' •" ft... i.1 ^. '^'"'i\s <i() It, conft's- 
 
 JMit, <,bserves his chronielt.i-, " lil,,. „.',Kf f.I.v, .. 
 
 =r:::;::;::£::;-;:— i = 
 
 "'"'• lins tnut n.nnn.ls one of C^on-aw. mIh. u 1 
 
 ':-;:r::;t;i:;-;:;-:;: Tr7 
 
 luis become a regular ivi ,.f ,. • t J-e<ratioii, 
 
 !>.« envi,..„„„c.„t l.ygau,Iy ovonl essi ; 1 *" '" 
 
 ;;:""..r.;;i;;;t:r":;i"r'r'' r-^^^-^^^^^^ 
 
 >•". L,. ,, u'l M,ck luis im.lertaken the costlv f.,sl^ 
 '> l-ov,n. his title to a supposititious peer. At 
 .'i.Ivent of this uncou*' '-• ■■ P"^^^'^^^*- At the 
 
 ^\•ith tJie yowinr hidy ^h 
 
 'hition S, 
 
 am could sympathise! 
 
 was really obliged to draw the lin 
 
 o" wasn't at all exclusive, but 
 
 ever though mortihed., is far too n.anly 
 shoulder to his parent, thou<dil 
 
 « at pa." Sam, how- 
 to give the cold 
 "■'I'X'sattemi^t to bottle 
 
Tlll^: MAX AND THE WHITh'Ii 
 
 ():} 
 
 liiia up with much tact and sonic success. lUitthcohl 
 man ccjuniiits himself sometimes, notwithstandine-, as 
 wlien tlio hero of Bunker Hill sought an interview with 
 the hero of Waterloo, an<l advised the ijfi'eat duke to 
 sleep with his son Sam, as the latter was a wondei'fuUy 
 cute man and wise counselloi'. 
 
 Sam Slick is hardly the typical Yankee of his time 
 when he pours contempt and ridicule on the mock 
 modesty and suggestive s(|ueamishness of so many of 
 his countrymen. " Fastidiousness," he says in "Nature 
 and Human Nature," "is the envelope of indelicacy. To 
 see liarm in ordinaiT words betrays a knowledo'c an<l 
 not an ignorance of evil." Once, at least, his antipa- 
 tliy to false refinenient carried Slick too far — when he 
 makes an ultra-propt'r .spinster wa.x playful and fami- 
 liar hy suggesting, in purposely misleading terms, that 
 slie has made a concpiest. This in my opinion is the 
 most unworthy action recorded of Mr. Slick, and 1 am 
 glad to say he had the grace to he ashamed of it. 
 
 In religion Slick detests cant, and distrusts those 
 who use it. He likes to expose sanctimonious hum- 
 hugs. Hypocrisy, he thinks, " has enlisted more folks 
 for Old Scratch than any reci'uitin' si'rjeant he has" 
 (Attache, c. -SO). " When the fox turns preachei-," he ob- 
 serves in " Wi.se Saws," " tlu> gee.se had better not go to 
 night meetin's." He considers a.scetic morality imprac- 
 ticable, and to preach it injurious, for the masses. 
 " Puritan.s," he says in "Nature and Human Nature," 
 " whether in oi- out of church make more sinneis than 
 they save l»y a long chalk. Tiny aint content with 
 real sin * * Their eyes are like the great mauniHer 
 
04 
 
 HAUnURTON. 
 
 at the P()lyt"chnic, tliat shows you awful monsters in 
 a drop of watc r, wliicli were ncvci- intended for us to 
 see, or Providence would liave made our eyes like Lord 
 Rosse's telescope." Of sects he says, " Call 'em this dic- 
 tionary name and that new-fanolcd name, hut.niveme 
 the tree that hears the best fruit." Of sermons he ol»- 
 serves, "I don't like preachino- to the narves instead of 
 to the jud_i>-ment." He is a little cynical in some par- 
 ticulars. He ti-aces the influence of the clergy to hav- 
 ino- the women on tlu'ir side, and, in a story which he 
 tells, the Reverend rascal Meldrum attiihutes the pros- 
 perity he enjoys for a season to Ids soft-sawdering the 
 gentle sex. Sometimes Slick is actually irreverent, as 
 for instance in his speculations on negroes' souls, which 
 he locaU's in their heels. 
 
 Slick believes in treating criminals sunnnarily, 
 and even in lynching on occasion. He uses drastic 
 measures with hidlies, l)ad hoys, and halky horses. He 
 holds that there are " no good scholars since hirch rods 
 went out of school and sentiment went in." 
 
 "So he won't leave the vessel, eh ^" said Skipper 
 Love, Slick's friend and co-l»eliever in elective energy. 
 " Well, a ci'itter that won't move nnist be made to go, 
 that's all. There's a mot< ve power in all natur'. There's 
 a current or a breeze for a vessel, an ingine for a rail- 
 car, necessity for poverty, love for the feminine gender, 
 and glory for the her). But for men I like persuasion. 
 It seems to convene better with a free and enlightened 
 citizen. Now here," said he. ()])ening his closet and 
 taking (Hit his i-ope-yarn, " here is a jiersuader that no- 
 thinu'can stand. Oh, lu' won't come, eh ' well wi''ll see!' 
 
THE MAN AND THE WRITER. 
 
 65 
 
 Ml', Slick was an outrageous and successful flirt, 
 and could blarney like an Ii-ishman. He believed with 
 Byi-on that impudence — "brisk confidence" the poet 
 calls it — was the (juality most elective with woman. 
 He nives a philosophic I'eason for this belief in " Natuie 
 and Human Nature" (c. 14):— "She didn't' know 
 M'hether it was impudence or admii'ation ; Imt when a 
 woman arbitrates on a case she is interested in she al- 
 ways gives an award in her own fa\'or." For sour and 
 sulky females, however, he approved of stern discipline. 
 He even once whipped a shrew. Women, he asserted, 
 require "the identical same treatment" as horses. "In- 
 courage the timid ones, be gentle and steady with the 
 fractious ones, lait lather the sulky ones like blazes." 
 To this resend)lance of women to horses in disposition, 
 and the desirability of treating them alike, he ivcurs 
 several times. In " The Season Ticket," Jemmy, a Lon- 
 don liearse-driver declares — and the sentiment cei-tain- 
 ly seems more natural in an Englishman of the lower 
 classes than in a typical Yankee — that "it's better to 
 have the wife under the whip than on the lead, and to 
 have her well under connnand than for her to take the 
 bit into her mouth and play the devil." And still an- 
 other of our author's charactej's, in the last chapter of 
 this his latest work, argues, in favor of divorce, that if 
 one may swap or change an unmanageable liorse, <t 
 fortiori one should be allowed to get rid of an unman- 
 ageable wife. For, he says, "a horse <lon't pi-etend to 
 be better than it is; It is no liypoci'ite * * But a 
 woman aint so easy judged of, I can tell you." 
 
 Yet Mr. Slick is not an habitual deti-actor of the 
 
66 
 
 HALIBURTON . 
 
 fair sex : lie admits tlic ffiitli, patirnec, coiimnc and 
 oTatitudt' of women, and lie is particularly fond of 
 their society. 
 
 Constantlv in' 'iiiiipeolde to work and makemonev, 
 he vet sees tliat sudden liches often 1 u'O'et false preten- 
 tiousness and conceit: "A caliha^-e," he says, "has 
 DJacuv laru'e leaves to the hottom, and siii'eads them 
 o\it as wide as an old woman's petticoats, to hide tlio 
 • 'I'ound it sprunu' from and conceal its exti'action." 
 When he becomes rich himself, lie avoids ostentation 
 jind often uses his money in doine- kiixlly acts. In- 
 dee<l he is iienerallv amiahle, excei)t to fops, drones, 
 ]tra<;eartN, hypocrites, and detractors of his country. 
 He lielps and cheers (Wise Saws, e. 1-S) a man who 
 had u'iven up the liattle of life, complaining- that it 
 was vain to swim forever aeainst tlie current. " Try 
 an e(ldy," he advised, in one of the happiest of his 
 many happy metaphors: 'you ounht to know enough 
 of the stream of life to find one, and then yiai W(nd<l 
 
 work up I'iver as 
 
 if it was Hood-tide. At the end of 
 
 the ed<ly is still water." 
 
 To believe that any human being, much less one 
 who starts life under considerable disadvantao-es, couM 
 know all that Mr. Slick says he knows, woiiM lax one's 
 credulity overmuch. So various indeed are his accom- 
 ])lishments "that lie seems to be not one Imt all man- 
 kind's ei)itonie." He is e(|ually at home in the politics 
 of EnglaiKl, Canada and the Tnited States. He paints, 
 he plays the }>ianoand the buol,>, ]i(> d!iiic«'s, he is skilled 
 in wood-ci-aft {'.nd angling, he rows and paddles neatly, 
 he shoots like Leather Stocking or Dr. Carvel'. He 
 
77//S .1/J.V AX I) THE WHIT Eli. 
 
 07 
 
 can speculate in a:iy line with e(|nal siu-cess. Jle has 
 a fair sniatterinn' of nuMlieine and cheniistiy. He olfers 
 a hawker of cement a much 1 tetter i-ecei[>t, of his own 
 invention. He has been in almost every country, in- 
 cluding' Poland, South America, and Persia. In tlic 
 latter country he has learned the art of stu])ifvin<.^ 
 fi.shes and ).iakinj^ them float on the surface. He dyes 
 a drunk' n hypocrite's face with a dye which lie y-ot 
 from Indians in "the o'l-eat lone land:" and when the 
 hypocrite r^'pents he has a drastic wash ready to ettace 
 the stain. " 1 actilly lai-ned French in a voynoe to 
 Calcutta," he says, "and German on my way home." 
 He knew a little Gaelic too, which he had learne<l on a 
 new and agreeable system that, unfortunately, wiaild 
 never do in the public schools. 
 
 At Rome in Juvenal's time it was the hungry 
 Greek, in Johnson's "London" it was the "fasting- 
 monsieur," who knew all the sciences. And let it be 
 granted that the typical Jack-of-all-trades in this cen- 
 tury and on this continent is the inipiisitive and acquis- 
 itive Yankee. Yet Sam Slick beats the record of his 
 shifty countrymen. He has been evi'rywhere where a 
 lively reminiscence can lu* located, and he is endowed 
 with any art or attainment which comes in handy " to 
 point a UKjral or adorn a tale," to snub a snob or help 
 a friend. 
 
 He understands every phase of human nature, 
 male and female, black, white and red, high and low, 
 rich and poor. He is ecpially familiar with every 
 social .s//'(/^/r)H. In " Nature and Human Nature" he 
 minutely describes two picnics so(m after each other. 
 
(i.S 
 
 IIAI.IItrRTOX : 
 
 A „.,,.,, ,l,,.,,,tl,,.l,.ll,.s,,,vl,,,li,u,l,nlf.|,,,,.,kn,,tl,,. 
 ..tl..Tt„sl„.,„„M,.H„lif„xy ,.I,uli,.s. 'VU..^.,M. 
 
 '|"'l<:''' ms |„v.s,,,„„i,ly „l,t„i,„..l t .„/,«. i„t„tl„. 
 
 li.'slunys,, MMMut,. kM..wl,,ij,,..,f itsva,-i„„s|,|„.,„m„.„„ 
 
 i..n..,i,,„.iti,Mt,i,is„v,.,-.,,„i,„„„„t,;f i,i„ ,; 
 
 h„. t.. |.uvl..ss,„.ss ,„. f,„.«,.tful,„,s „„ H„iil„„,,.„'s 
 . t \ ,,,.„ Ji, s,H< o..,ms InWlf i„ .,,1 ,,,,,ity 
 
 .ti,,.,„.|,„..„-„,,.„„,,|„|„„.,„j j,|,_,^^^^^i^ y 
 
 .■m,tl,..,.s,,,t..,,ti,,,,,l,..is,,,,lya ,■ ,„„,l„.,. HI t 
 
 '"- '■■;,,„.,l. U,.,v tl.is s„, lyi„„. „,,„|.| |„. ,,i^ 
 
 l.n„M„K.nt .•Imrac-tc.ri.stic.. N,„v ,S,i,.k is ,|„it,. ,:„,,,„,,,, 
 
 .-,;o..ael,.c.k,l,utlan, ,„istal<,.„in,..is„™,tt, 
 l-c ^ ..nvcl as a s,.riuas a,„l l,„l,it„al ]ia, 
 
 T" .Imw tl„. l„„j; !,„„ f,„. tl,, sak,. „f ,„al<i„,. fun 
 
 -tlK, tl, no, a,„i „t this ,,asti„„. Mr. Slick was vny 
 
 t-nd .>„„.;■ ,,,,saia, ..J anuved a „H,tt..„ chop st 
 natem that „,v ,1... l„.„kc his tectl, in tcarin.'^th" 
 l.™..| to PK.CCS to «ct at it : an.l at another ti,„c 1 .Taint- 
 
 "' -^'"noh. so h-kc .stone that, whc, I threw it c 
 
 water, ,t sunk nVht kcrlash to the hotton,." He i ,- 
 
 ]""■■" " ' '' '-'•'■tain Ki-eat lin^nist l,y |,rof,.ssin.n to 
 
 '--;>-'« tl.eXorthAnu.rica.rin.lianlliacr'^n 
 "t""- Inn. that the re.lskins f„r,n new won si 
 
 M.ininiai, he .says, ni preference t., "a.«lnti,r,tio„ " 
 
 l...hans. Jhe hest glue in America, he gravely 
 
77/ A' MAX AXn TIII'J W/ilT/'JR. 
 
 (;!) 
 
 adds, is made t'loin iic^ro lii dcs ; wht'iicc tlir sayin,L!; " It 
 sticdvs like j^n-ini dcatli to a Arml iii^iifcr." In anotlu-r 
 j)laei" he tract's the ori^'in i»i" the plirasc "lie's Iteen 
 tlirouiili tlie iiiill " to a local accident at Slickville. 
 
 But if Sam Slick, ms nii;4lit l)e guessed from these 
 last incidents, is not a trustworthy etymolo<^ist, he is a 
 past-master of slan^-. His sayin<;s are ([UotcMl \vid(dy, 
 to illustrate colloquial terms, all thiounh IJartlett's 
 " J)ictionary of Americanisms." Some of Slick's slani>y 
 expressions are very original and foreihle, as for ex- 
 ample the followhio-: — " If 1 had a ^ot hold of him, I'd 
 a lammed him wuss than the <levil heatin' tan-hark !" 
 
 He confesses that he hates ])oets, "lock, stock and 
 harrel." As he sometimes purposely shocks the Bi'itish 
 sense of decorum hy his Yankee irreverence, so he likes 
 to ruitie one's sentimentality l)y some anti-poetical 
 simile. Poets have th(aig)it of H<j;uiv after tiujure to 
 descrihe the changin*,^ music of a running- stream. Here 
 is Slick's ccjutribution — "the noise water makes tum- 
 Itlin' over stones in a brook, a splutterin' like a tooth- 
 less old woman scoldin' with a mouthful of hot tea in 
 her lantern cheek I" 
 
 It is hard to determine in some cases whether Sam 
 Slick's utterances are intended to illustrate his char- 
 acter, or merely to voice the author's i)er.sonal views. 
 This doubt of course arises only when the clockmaker 
 utters sentiments e(iually or more in keepinj; with an- 
 other character than his own — with that for in.stance 
 of an Enulishman or Nova Scotian, or of a well-read 
 and well-bred gentleman. There is, however, a speci- 
 ally strong probability that Haliburton generally en- 
 
70 
 
 llALinrRTDX: 
 
 <1<''^<"I Smu, Sli.ks mtirisius .„, Nov;, Sn,HM Asm 
 
 '"''^•1'"' M>,.nst...-, ,-, n.nstitu.n.y, an.l t,. sl.ow ..ntwanl 
 jysix'J'tt.u- i.n,,ul,,r w..,,kn.>ss,.s. lie wuuM natun.llv 
 ■sl.nnk innn lasl.ino. tlu' p.-t fnilino-sof liis .-ountrvi.u 'n 
 -I><'Mly, an.l u„nM tin.l it .-xiKMlicnt to trll tl.cn, un,.a,- 
 
 Utal.l. truths tlnouul,tlH.n,...li„ fa inn.i.,, ..I.s.tv,-,- 
 
 *o.- tl... cl.K-kn.ak-.Ts sati.ic uttcraiu-es^s,, „ft,,, o,,,' 
 tc.s(,u..|v an.i inn-i^nsrh, ,'xaoovrat('(l~tlH. puMi,- ...'a.M 
 not Iml.l Inn, .vsponsil.I... "A satirist;' savs San. Slick 
 
 ".''Aatun.an<llln...an\atn,v;'sp,.aki.i^ofl.isal,va.lv 
 iml.l.sl.cl sayinosan.l .Joino's, "a, satiiist, like an I.-isi;. 
 ";'»•'- <"..|s It (•.,nvcni<.nt s..n.ctin.(.s t,. sl.o..t tVon. Im- 
 '""•l a shelter." A..,l ao'ain. in the san.e hook he 
 oWnes to "the S.p,i,v;- who was a Xova Seotian •--. 
 n !inn was w.-.ti.i'an.l n,.t n.e you woul.l have to call 
 Hahhix, to please the p,.„pl,. that thau-ishino- c,-,vat 
 mpitah" a,..| so forth. For these .vasous [ have tre;ite.l 
 Slick s vn.ws ahout Xova Scotia an<I Xova Scotians 
 eksewliere, with the p..,-sonaI opinions of ,an- author 
 J^^nouoh to .say h.Te, to complete this list of Mr. Slick's 
 tn.its, that it went a-ainst his orain to see a I'.-ovince 
 .iCiv.n.r Its .scant enti.u.siasni too exclusivelv to politics 
 aiKl M-ast.n- ,ts enero.ies in pre.s.sin.<r the o.oV.rnna.nt to' 
 create p.-ospe,-ity, in.stea.l of sc-izino- the exi.stin<. oi,en- 
 ings tor .n.lust.-y. as he an.l <.ther wi.Ieawaki. \"inkee.s 
 were so pi-ofitahly doino'. 
 
 That so youno- n country as Xova Scotia .sh.niM 
 Have rea.-e.l so oT.-at a wi-iter as Halil.urton is .s.ane- 
 
Till': MAN AM> Till': WIUThll. 
 
 wliivt stu-prisinj;'. To wliat. additioiial ciiiiiiciici' he 
 iiiiulit liiivc attaiiicil, had liis carlit r ctiorts liccii a<l- 
 (livsscd to a nioiv critical circle, must ivmaiu a matter 
 ol" coMJcctmv. I'.iit it is not nnliUcly that hr miuht 
 liavctaUcu i-auk amotie-thc very u'lva test litci'ary names 
 of the centniy, had lie had higher educational advan- 
 tao'es and a more stimidatini;' literary environment at 
 the (Mitset ol" his career. As it was, Haliltiirton gener- 
 ally AV rote forcihly, and often smoothly and classically 
 while in detacluMl passages he could he terse and even 
 l)rilliant. But the attractions of his style are not sus- 
 tained, and he is sometimes a little sli])slio<l oi- ditfuse. 
 He is accordingly still more to he admii-ed as a humoi- 
 ist than as a writer, and nioie than «'ither, perhaps, as 
 a tliorinioh student and acute judev of human nature. 
 He noted with almost etpial keenness and accuracy tlio 
 idiosyncrasies of indivi(hials, classes and nations. He 
 intuitivcdy i-ecognised the tendencies of the age; he 
 ohserve.l the curi-ents of pnhlic opinicjn, an<l gauged 
 their volume and theii' force with approximate correct- 
 ness. He foretold some important events tliat liave 
 liappened alieady and others tliat S(>em extremely 
 prohahle to-day. 
 
 I have only touched liglitlv and incidentally on 
 what strike me as heing his faults^his self-compla- 
 cency, his discursiveness, his reiu'titions, the inconsis- 
 tencies in his characters, the hick of thoroughness in 
 his historical researches, his occasional stooping to in- 
 delicacy. I felt that they hi-ar hut a small ratio to the 
 merits of this greatest of Canadian Avriters. And if 
 some too industricms hands — some other hands than 
 
72 
 
 llALinrRTON: 
 
 "nnr-slmll at any luiu,,. tin,.- nn.l..,tak,> t„ nuWM 
 Ins tm.lt...s in n.o.v .l.tail, tl,,.,. Untisl, loyalists will 
 not t,;.-«vt that 1... I...|i,.v..,l in ,UHr<iino. f„, ,,,, t,... 
 
 ..ni.manmtln.-u.l.twlH,s,.oran,l.urlH.uas.T,.at<.n.,u..I, 
 to un.l..,-stHn,|. An,lailtl..yw],o.stan,li;vtl,..n...tlM.r 
 
 ••' '.'Mt.ons will f,...| that his sins-wlnVlMVMv ../ M.anv 
 
 -should 
 
 MUR'h 
 
 "•• ioro,vr„ l,„„, to,, that I,., hath lov,.| hn 
 
Till-: MAS AM) Till': W'HlTh'll. 
 
 7a 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE. 
 
 'I'lKlMAS Cll \M)|,|-,I! IfAI.IIil IflMN, HOll of .llisticc \V. II. O. 
 
 Halil)urt()ii, wuh Imhii at Windsor, \. S., Ih-c. IT, I7!M) ; ediiu.itctl iit 
 Wiiidmn' (inuiiiiiiiiSciiool ami 8iil)He(|Ut'iitly at Kiiiy'sCollugo, wliui'u 
 he iiiatiiL'nlatod in ISIO and giailuatod (H. A.) in IS|.") ; called to tho 
 Itar in IS'JO ; nioniher of the Hoilso of AssuniKly for Annapoli.s (wlieru 
 lie had hc-en iMiutisinglaw) IH'iCito IS2!); Chief Ju.stiou of the Inferior 
 Courts of Conmion IMuas for tlif Middle Division of Nova Scotia, 
 |Si>!> to 1S41 ; Judge of the Sui»renie Court in IM4I ; resigned judge- 
 ship and took uj) his residence in England in IS.'M ; received honorary 
 degree of I). C. L. at Oxford, IHoS ; M. P. for Launceston 1 H iVJ- 1 8(5.") ; 
 died at Cordon House, laleworth, on the Thames, Aug. 27, I^^B.!. 
 
 dndge Halil)urtonnuuried(l) Louisa, daughterofCapt. Neville, 
 late 19th Light Dragoons, and (2) Sarali Harriet, daughter of W. M. 
 Owen, Ks(j., (of Woodhouse, Shropsiiire) and widow of K. If. 
 Williams, Ei-q., (of Eaton Mascott, Siu'ewslmry). 
 
 The dates of ids works are given in tiie preceding essay. 
 

 *ri> 
 
NDEX TO CONTENTS. 
 
 /V/;/(. 
 
 Prefatoi'y Note )»y I'rofe.s.sor l!i)lieils .S 
 
 Halilnirtoii not fully iipincuiiiteil in ('aiuula "» 
 
 lioconiiug hcttc'i- apjjrcciatcil '> 
 
 Ki'iors in l)i(>g.a|)liical notices <) — ^ 
 
 WoKKS OK H.U.iisruToN : — S— 1.1 
 
 'IMie Clockniakoi' ^ 
 
 The Attaclu! !» 
 
 Wise Saws ,_. '* 
 
 Nature and Human Nature !' 
 
 Historical and Statistical Account of Xova Scotia !• 
 
 Haliliuiton's History and Longfellow's " Kvangdiiie " . . 10 
 
 Tiie iiul)l)les of ( anadii H 
 
 Rule and Misrule of the Knglish in America M 
 
 Tiic Letter Hag of tiie (iroat W'estein .... \2 
 
 'I'iie Old Judge L^ 
 
 Traits of Anieiican Hunioui' 1'^ 
 
 Americans at Home ' -^ 
 
 The Season Ticket ' ^ 
 
 Tills work little known in Nova Scotia 1 + 
 
 i'aniphlets I"> 
 
 CllAHACTKK AMI Ol'INIONS OK HAi.ir.ruToN :— 1.1—44 
 
 His fondness of fun and creature loniforts 1-)— ■ < 
 
 His conservative ami aristociatic leanings Hi— '20 
 
 Ailvocates fixed stipends for clergymen 17 
 
 Opposed to univer.sal suffrage, tlie ballot, responsildc gov- 
 
 ermnent and demo(;racy '■'^ — ''•' 
 
 His opii ' >n of colonial ]iolitics -0 
 
 Views and ciitici.snis on Nova Scoti.i and NovaScotians. '20- 'M 
 Nova Scotians expect too much from legislation '21 
 
INDEX TO CONTENTS -Continued. 
 
 Afe deceived hy tlattciiMs 21 — '2'2 
 
 Hesourcus of tlio I'lovincu '2',i — '24 
 
 Needs of its inlial)itaiits '24 
 
 Effects of Hiililmiton's .strictures '2,'t 
 
 Nova S(;otia iiidehted to Ualiburtoii 2.")~-2() 
 
 His sketcliew of its social customs, climate, scenery and 
 
 industries 2() — .'{ I 
 
 Society in Halifax Ml 
 
 Halihui'ton's comments upon Ireland .SI ~ ;{2 
 
 His lose for his mother-countiy 'A'.^ — .S4 
 
 Advocates a federati<m of the eni])ire 'M — li' 
 
 His views <»n C'anadian independence JiT — H.S 
 
 I'avois Confederation and an interoceanie railroad ',\H 
 
 Britain ami her eohmies should ])art peaceahly, if at all. .">i> 
 Hopes for a fraternal alliance between iiiitain and the 
 
 United States .' ;i!» 40 
 
 C'onunents on the institutions; niid peoj)le of the United 
 
 States 4(»— 4.S 
 
 l*ro|)liesies an American civil war 44 
 
 LiTKKAIiV TUMTS OK H.\ l.nJlKTON : — 44-72 
 
 Mis aphorisms 44 
 
 His yarns 4.1—48 
 
 AH'ectatioii of ignorance 4.S 
 
 I'unniny projjcnsity 4S — 4!t 
 
 Malapropisms 4!) 
 
 IMagiarisnis froni Haliburton 40 — .")2 
 
 His satiric powers .V2 
 
 They bring nj)on him a vf)te of censure .").'i 
 
 His ])artiality for dialogue .")4 
 
 Oeeasioually inconsistent, discursive and careless .")4 — ,") 
 
 Unsuccessful in the House of ('omu\ons .m 
 
 I!is descriptive power i")() 
 
 His delineations of character ,">(» — 70 
 
 Mr. Hopewell .IS .■)!) 
 
 .Sam .Slick, the ('h>ckmaker .">!• — 70 
 
 Slicks views often identical with Haliburton's (i!) 
 
 Concluding remarks 70 — 72 
 
 Chronological outline of Halibuiton's life 73 
 
 'I' 
 
r r 
 
 } 
 
 I 
 
 ERRATA, 
 
 'or 
 
 / 
 
 -Jam.aiy, ISSi)," „„ Titlo-page. n-a.I Maicli, ISSJ). 
 
 foiiiteen" on Tago 7, line 2;{ 
 
 rc'iimi'" " 17, •' li 
 
 weakiiesH "" " •>-. n i 
 
 <!u((iiit'k; "■ " ;{;{ '> |;^ 
 
 (Miti'ipiizing '■ 
 
 tliiitwjii. 
 riiiinii . 
 woakiujssos. 
 LliroiiicltM'. 
 "^"' " 1" ■' I'litmpiiHing.