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 ^OVA SC0TI4 
 
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 PROVINCE HOUSE 
 
FIRST LECTURE, 
 
 BEVOSB 7HM 
 
 PROTESTANT ALLIAJCl 
 
 OK NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
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«n 
 
 PROTESTANT ALLIANCE LECTURES. 
 
 THE PAPACY: 
 
 CONSPIRACY AGAINST 
 
 CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. 
 
 FIRST LECTURE, 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE PROTESTANT ALLIANCE, 
 
 OP NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 AT TEMPERANCE HALL, HALIFAX, ON FRIDAY EVENING, 
 
 DECEMBER 17th, 1858. 
 
 FKBK COLLEGE, HALIFAX. 
 
 N-n 
 
 fe^ 
 
 HALIFAX, N. S.: 
 
 PRINTED AT THB WBSLEYAN CONFBRENCB STEAM F-.^B5S. 
 
 1859. 
 
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 i 
 
 THE PAPACY. 
 
 BY rUOFEBgOR KINO. 
 
 The title of this Lecture, which has been stated, not by 
 myself, but by those who drew out the plan of this course, 
 may be viewed in two ditFerent aspects. It may be taken as a 
 proposition with the affirmative word understood ; and which, 
 when fully expressed, would constitute this assertion, — " The 
 Papacy is a conspiracy against civil and religious liberty." 
 Taken in this sense, it would be required that we should lay 
 the subject before you as persons who deny, or who at least 
 may not be prepared to admit the truth of the proposition ; 
 and the object would be tj establish it by proofs. The other 
 aspect in which the title may be viewed is that in which, 
 according to the plain and simple meaning of the words in 
 which it is expressed, no affirmation is made, but a subject 
 simply is proposed,— " The Papacy— a conspiracy against 
 civil and religious liberty." It takes it for granted that the 
 Papacy is such a conspiracy, and it wishes you to look at it 
 in this character. Addressing myself, as I understand I am 
 row doing, to Protestants, I shall so far respect the profes- 
 sion under which you appear htre as to take it for grant- 
 ed that you have a general understanding of the meaning 
 of that Protest on the ground of which, as adhering to its 
 principles, we are called Protestants. I will not enter upon 
 a formal proof, to which justice could not be done within the 
 compass of a single Lecture. But, in inviting you to look at 
 the object that is thus described, I will endeavour so to pre- 
 
tl 
 
 sent ,t, as tliat no intelligent and impartial listener can fail to 
 Ik. n„,,™,,ed with the eonvi.'ion that, deny it who may, the 
 F1«I system „ ,ho most stupendous conspiracy ever fonned 
 ag-a.ast e.vd and religious liberty. In s making of it how- 
 ever, as a conspiracy, I a™ not to be held a., ascribing either 
 the ammus or the conduct of conspirators to all the member., 
 of that system.^ As ,s generally the e. ,e in conspiracies, many 
 •nay be assocmted with the band who may be alto..othc:r 
 unconscious of the treasonable nature of the plot, man^ ,„ay 
 he employed as instruments to help it on who are little aware 
 of the u.se that ,s made of them. But whatever may be the 
 MOWS of >ndmdual>*-amid the changes which in the'lapse of 
 ages may take place in the agents-notwithstanding the change 
 of tacfcs wh,ch mayat tin,es have been adopted-allowing 
 for all the vancty of motives, some good and some bad, b^ 
 wluch mdmdual actors may have been influenced, compirjn 
 IS the appropnato term to be employed, in .speaking ff thai 
 eeclesmstico-pontical association, the Church of Rome with 
 the Pope at its head in all his assumed infallibility and Lupre- 
 nmcy. All is dii-ected, and is made to conspire towards the 
 accompl,.shment of his own ends, by that spirit spoken of in 
 senpture, as the oM serj^nt, and as the great red dragon with 
 .even heads and ten horns, which has its central seat in the seven 
 hdled city, and which exercises ts power, and directs the move- 
 ments of Its varied in.struments to secure this, " That as many 
 as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed- 
 and that no one might buyer sell, save he that had the mark' 
 orthe name of the beast, or thenumber of hisname." Eev' 
 xin. 15, 17. 
 
 1. Let us, in the first place, then, look at some of those 
 pecuhar prmcples of the Papal Church which go to establish 
 and Illustrate her character as a conspiracy against civil and 
 religious hberty. On this part of our subject, wo perhap., 
 «annot begm more appropriately than with the Creed of Pope 
 
Pius IV. ; ill wliich he sums up the faitli of the Romisli 
 (Jimrch, as it had boen, a few years before ho promulgated his 
 Bull, declared at the Council of Trent. It is of course writ- 
 ten in Latin, but the following is a correct translation of it : 
 
 "1. I most steadfastly admit and embrace the apost^tlical 
 and ecclesiastical traditions, and the rest of the observations 
 and constitutions of the same Church. 
 
 "2. I also admit (or receive) the Holy Scriptures 
 according to that sense which the Holy Mother Church, (to 
 wliom it belongs to judge of the true sense,) hath held, and 
 doth hold ; nor will I ever understand and interpret it other- 
 wise than according to the unanimous consent of the Fathers. 
 
 ** 3. I profess, also, that there are truly and properly 
 Seven Sacraments of the New Law instituted by Jesus Christ, 
 our Lord, and necessary to the salvation of mankind, though 
 not all of them necessary to every man, viz : Baptism, Con- 
 firmation, the Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, Orders, 
 and Matrimony, and that they confer grace ; and that of 
 these. Baptism, Confirmation, and Orders, cannot be re- 
 peated without sacrilege. 
 
 "4. I likewise receive and admit all the received and 
 approved rites of the Catholic Church, in the solemn admin- 
 istration of all the above-said Sacraments. 
 
 " 5. All and everything which was defined and declared 
 about original sin by the most holy Council of Trent, I 
 embrace and receive. 
 
 " G. I profess, likewise, that in the Mass is offered to God 
 a true, proper, and propitiatory Sacrifice, for the quick and 
 the dead ; and that in the most holy Sacrament of the 
 Eucharist there is trrdy, really, and substantially, the body 
 and blood, together with the soul and divinity, of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ; and that there is a conversion made of the 
 -whole substance of bread into his 1 idy, which conversion the 
 Catholic Church calls Transubstantiatian. 
 
 "7. I confess, also that under either kind (or species) 
 only, whole and entire Christ, and the true Sacrament, is 
 received. 
 
 "8. I steadfastly bold that there is a Purgatory, and 
 that the souls there detained aro helped by the suffrages of 
 the faithful. 
 
If 
 
 « 
 
 *;0. Ah, also, that tlio Saints who roi> toffother with 
 thriHt, are to l>e voneratod and iuvocatod ; and thS thoy offer 
 prayers to God for u. ; and that their reliques are to bo 
 venerated. ^ w «« 
 
 Ji ]?' iJ\x^^^' ?"?;* ?""^^ ""^^^'^ *'^»* t*»« ima^e of Christ, 
 and t}ie Mothc^r of God, the always Virgin, as also oZv 
 Samts are to be had a,ul rtWd, aiuT due honor and 
 veneration to be bestowed upon thorn. 
 
 iJ' i^' J ^f'y'\^^^A}^''\ ^'^ F^^r ^ iadulgonces was 
 left by Chns ,nh.s Church, and that tl».ir uTe is most 
 wholewme to Christian people. 
 
 T^arlfn r J «f "^^^'Jg^ J»^« H^lj OatlUic and Apostolic 
 Koman Church to be tlie Mother and Mistress of all Churches 
 «nd I promise and swear true obedience to the Bishop of 
 
 ^^rr^^- '"'-'^ '''' ^^^-'^ ^ ^^«^^- -1 
 
 "la. All fhc rest also, delivered, dofined and declared bv 
 the sacred canons and accumenical Councils, especially by the 
 
 doub.. And likewise, all things contrary, ainl whatsoever 
 
 heresies, condemned, rejcn^ted, and anutlfematized, by tile 
 
 Church, L m hke manner, condemn, reject, and anathematize. 
 
 -This true CatlM)lic faith, without which no man can be 
 
 saved, which at present I freely i>rofess and truly hold I will 
 
 rnost constantly retain and confess entire and inviolable (by 
 
 God s help) to my last breath ; and take care, as much as 
 
 leth m me that it bo held, taught, and pi-oacM, by my 
 
 ^ubjeots, or those whose eare belongs to me as my office 
 
 ^h^e^y^S;.^"' ^"^ ^"^"- '^ ''^'^' - ^^' -^ 
 According to the Bull of Pope Pius IV, every ecclesiastic, 
 of whateypr grade, is to receive nnd swear to this creed and 
 solemnly to profess his obedience to the Roman Church in 
 this form, and no other, under the penalty of the curse of the 
 Councd of Trer^t. He concludes the Bull in words to this 
 eftect : - To no n^an on earth is it permitted to infringe this 
 expression of our >yill and mandate, or Fesumptuously to 
 gainsay it. If any ope shall preen.me to attempt it, let him 
 
 i>»<e»0mM 
 

 kn«.w that he will incur the indignotion of the Oianiiiotent 
 God, and oftho blessed Peter and I'aul hia Aiwstlos." So 
 that if any one ventures fco affirm the possibility of a 
 Protestant's aalvaticn, (and I have no doubt that there are 
 many Iloman Catholics, whose kind and unh..phisticated hearts 
 revolt from the idea of deny'-ng it,) if any one does not fully 
 receive these impositions of this apostate Church, she de- 
 nounces against hhn the anger of God. 
 
 There are various matters in this creed, the cor«ideration 
 of which will naturally be taken up in subsequent lectures. 
 In the mean time, as belonging to our present subje.-x, I 
 have t* 11 your attention to the relative position which is 
 here giv, r, on the one hand, to whac are called, in the first 
 article, "the Apostolical and Ecclosiastical traditioiis, and 
 the ru.,L of the observations and constitutions of the lloraish 
 Church," and, on the other hand, to the Scriptures — 
 the Word of God. The former •>.. :.» be received simply, 
 without qualification, and as foundation principles ; the latter 
 are to be received only acooi'ding to that sense which the 
 Holy Mother Church hath held, and doth hold ; nor are 
 they «>ver to be understood and interpreted otherwise than 
 according to the unanimous consent of the Fathers. The 
 last clause may be considered as excluding the Scriptures 
 altogether from any attempt at interpretation, for it will try 
 the research of the most learned priest in the ilomish Church, 
 to produce an interpretat'on of a single chapter in the Bible, 
 in support of which he can plead the unanimous consent of 
 the Fathers. Not even the standard text. Matt, xvi. 18 — 
 •' Thou art Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church," 
 can boast of an interpretation iu which the Fathers are 
 unanunous. According tx) Hilary, Gregory of Nyssa, Am- 
 brose, Chrysostom and others, the " rock " means (he truth 
 which Peter had just acknowledged — the fundamental 
 aiticlc of the Christian faith — "Thou art the Chri.t, the 
 
8 
 
 «od, m his Word, speaks directly to min „ w 
 creature, and as a sinner- and t.n. r T , * """' 
 
 be saved. •■ WisdoJ: ^^ J til"^^'. hT' "^ 
 the way in the plaees of the pat s ; 1 'eriil t t^'t ' 
 at the entry of the citv nf ihn • ^^'"^ ^ates, 
 
 I.er proelaition T^'^^^'^f ^ f ^^ •-' »<» 
 voice is to the sons of man " J ■ . • ' """^ ""' 
 
 apHnted to expound tZ' trnt 1 7;.! T*'':^^ '"'" 
 to press them upon the conscience bl 7 ™'"'' ""' 
 
 the ministry must be minister: he tlf^t: ,","''""' 
 under the Old Testament wa. ■ To tht , J''^ ""f "'"'r' 
 testimony : if thev s-,eak not 1 ,• , ^ ""'' »" "'« 
 
 cause the're is no li!l t ,1""'"^ '^ *'« ^"-'- '*- '- 
 the charge is giventot libers ofl C^T "T''^'"" 
 New Testament : •• Beloved, bl^ L te'^ r^ ^ ^ 
 the spirits whether they are of Gn<l • 1,„ ^ 
 
 P-Phots a. gone out into the woS^' '' ^^.^ ""^ f T 
 
 our Saviour addressed to the Jews his wIT '' "''"'' 
 " Search the Scriptures • for ;„T' ! "'''"""* *" "' ■ 
 
9 
 
 profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instnio- 
 tion in righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, 
 throughly furnished unto all good works." 
 
 In opposition to all this, however, the Church of Rome, in- 
 stead of submitting her teaching to be tried by the standard of 
 God's word, insists upon it that the Bible shall have no mean- 
 ing but that 3he which is pleased to ascribe to it. She knows 
 that there is an irreconcileable antagonism betwixt her teacli- 
 ing and what it teaches ; and she pennits t^o one to read it, 
 except such as she has reason to believe will receive it only 
 with her interpretation. The pretence is the difficulty of un- 
 derstanding the Bible, and the danger of wresting i* ; and the 
 remedy which she provides is, that instead of appealing to the 
 Scriptures in the portable shape in which God has been pleased 
 to communicate them, and translated into the language of the 
 people who are to read them, we try to find a guide in the 
 decrees of the Councils, the Bulls of the Popes, and the other 
 authoritative writings of the Romish Church, extending to 
 about 150 folio volumes, in a dead language ; in which we 
 have still to separate the genuine from the forged documents, 
 with which they are intermixed, to ascertain amongst the con- 
 tradictory though genuine documents, which of them are to 
 be adhered to as our infollible guide ; and when the so called 
 infallible documents are at length found, to encounter still 
 greater difiiculty in ascertaining their meaning than in the 
 case of the word of God which they are intended to supersede. 
 The late Archbishop Wakh, in his Pastoral address in 
 1853, tried to put on a bold front, and to assume the appear- 
 .ance of repelling a charge such as this ; but his own state- 
 ments and admissions really establish its tmth. At page 49, 
 he says — 
 
 " Now, with regard to the reading of the Scriptures ; it is 
 one thing to read and another to interpret. Tlie reading of 
 the Scriptures with humble dispositions, and due respect for 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 i i 
 
 10 
 
 the authority ostablished by Clirlst, the Catholic (jhurch has 
 never forbidden. 13ut she has always opposed and condemned 
 the rash and unauthorized interpretation of the Sacred Volume 
 by private individuals, and it was thus on account of their 
 opposition to the written word, or their obstinate perversion of 
 its meaning, that she proscribed the heretics of every age and 
 country. In tliis respect she has treated all her children alike, 
 and the privilege which she denies to all who arc outside her 
 })aie, and to the laity within, is equally refused to her clergy ; 
 for no one, no matter what his rank or learning, is permitted 
 to interpret Scripture in opposition to any dogma of faith, or 
 the universally received tradition of the Catholic Church from 
 the time of the Apostles. But, if the version be accurate, and 
 approved by proper ecclesiastical authority ; if those passages 
 in the Sacred volume which are difficult and obscure to ordi- 
 nary readers, and which have been distorted and perverted in 
 modern times, so as to favour the vain conceits of dogma- 
 tizers, and impugn the fundamental doctrines of Christianity 
 — if to such passages which the unlearned and unstable might 
 wrest to their own perdition, there be explanatory notes accu- 
 rately stating the Church's doctrine, and guarding the weak, 
 the unlettered and simple mind against the dangerous seduc- 
 tions of error ; if this be done, the Catholic Church not only 
 does not forbid, but most earnesly recommends the devout 
 reading of the Scriptures. However, as poison and honey 
 may be extracted from the same flower ; as the holiest things 
 on earth have been perverted and abused by the wickedness 
 or weakness of men ; as melancholy experience has proved in 
 every century, and in every clime that the indiscriminate at- 
 tempt of individuals to expound religious dogmas, and invent 
 religious creeds, invariably ended in disunion, and scandal, in 
 turbulence and immorality, in ruin to the individuals them- 
 selves, and heart-rending disasters to society at large, so the 
 Catholic Church in her profound wisdom, neither indiscrimi- 
 nately probibits, nor indiscriminately enjoins the reading of 
 the Scripture." 
 
 Now, it is not charged against the Church of Rome that 
 
 she has ever issued an absolute and indiscriminate prohibition 
 
 as to the reading of the Scriptures. She has some extracts 
 
 from them inserted in her devotional services. The Bishop, 
 
 -I 
 
11 
 
 or the Inquisitor, may allow such persons as he may judge 
 to be too well estahlished in the doctrine of the Church, to 
 have their faith in her teaching shaken by what they may read 
 even in the Bible,— he may allow such persons as these to 
 possess and to read the Sc.iptures, in an approved translation, 
 but to all otLjr persons the prohibition is absolute. A decree 
 of the Council of Trent declares that he who, without such 
 permission, shall presume either to read or to possess the 
 Scriptures cannot, unless he first deliver up his Bible to hia 
 ordinary, receive the priestly absolution. Still farther, wo 
 learn from Dens' Theology that this law is receiveu, and 
 (with some variety according to the circumstances of different 
 countries) acted upon in by far the greatest extent of the 
 Catholic world, only, (and the exception is significant) some 
 more liberty is allowed where Romanists live among heretics. 
 Nor let any one imagine that this interference with man's 
 relio-ious liberty can have a bearing only on those who may 
 choose to attach themselves to the Church, and thus to recog- 
 nise its jurisdiction. It is a principle of this Church that all 
 who have been baptized, and as baptized have been connected 
 with any Church, however heretical she may account that 
 Church to be, are on this very ground, of right, subject to 
 her jurisdiction. They may deny her authority, but for domg 
 so she charges them with desertion and rebellion ; and she 
 maintains that when she can get them into her power she has 
 a ri«-ht to treat them as rebels and deserters. In the work of 
 Peter Dens just quoted, and of which some of you may have 
 heard as an approved work on Roman Catholic doctrine, the 
 question is proposed, " Are unbelievers to be compelled to 
 embrace the faith ? " Having first noticed the case of unbe- 
 lievc-s who have never been baptized, the writer says,* " We 
 answer secondly to the question, that unbelievers who have 
 been baptized, as heretics and apostates generally are, and 
 
 « Theoiogia MorallTet Dogmalica, Tetiu Dens, II, 80. 
 
12 
 
 also baptized schismaiies, can be compelled hf corporal pan* 
 ishmnt to return to the Catholic faith and \he unity of the 
 Church. The reason is, that they by baptism are made sub- 
 jects of the Church, and therefore the Church has jurisdiction 
 over them, and the power of compelling them, by the appoint- 
 ed moans, to obedience, and to fulfil the obligations contracted 
 in then- baptism. This also obtains in the case of those who 
 have been baptized in their infancy or who, compelled by fear 
 or any necessity have received baptism ; as the Council of 
 Trent teaches, Session 7, Canon 14 ; and the 4th Council of 
 Toledo, Canon 55. You may object-' No one bplieves 
 agamst his will, but the will cannot be compelled, therefore no 
 one can be compelled to the faith.' We answer by denyino- 
 the conseq ient, for he is not compelled to believe against hi 
 
 will, but that FROM BEING UNWILLING, HE SHOULD BE MADE 
 
 WILLING. You will urge again—' No one can be compelled 
 to baptism, therefore no one to the faith.' We answer with 
 St. Thomas on this :— as to vow is the part of a willing mind, 
 but to pay what is vowed is of necessity ; so, to recdve the 
 faith is the part of the will, but to hold it when received, is 
 of necessity, and therefore heretics can be compelled to hold 
 the faith.'' And if any of my hearers should be disposed 
 to think— surely this principle at least is no longer held, 
 otherwise we would find Roman Catholics every where em' 
 ploying physical force to compel heretics to be willing to hold 
 the Romish faith, the same renowned Master Peter Dens has 
 the true explanation ready. He adds, - Meanwhile it is not 
 always expedient that the Church sliould use this right, as 
 will appear from what shall be said hereafter." The clahii 
 of right is not renounced ; the exercise of the right depends 
 on questions of expediency. 
 
 Again, although the Church of Rome does not recognize 
 baptism by those whom she accounts heretics, as placing those 
 who are thus baptized within the Church for saving blessings, 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 ^ 'i 
 
13 
 
 she inamt4iin{> that it renders theni Mvbfect to the Churchy 
 whence she justly seizes theqi as deserters from her caiiip ; 
 aud accordingly Dens tells us : * '* Heretics, Schismatics, 
 Apostates, and all sunilar persons, who have been baptized, 
 are Iwund by the laws of the Church whicii concern them, nor 
 are they uKire released from her laws than subjects rebellmg 
 against tJieir lawful Prince are released from th<3 laws of that 
 Prince." " They remain personally subject to the Chureli 
 wheresoever they iiiay he." 
 
 Having proposed the (j[uestion, Wliat are the punishments 
 decreed against tljiose infected with the stain of Heresy? 
 Peter Dens giyes the following answer : t " Heretics that 
 are kiio^n to be such are infamous from this very cause, and 
 ai-e deprived of burial connected with the rites of the Church, 
 f heir temporal goods are for this very cause confiscated ; '* 
 j " Finally, they are also justly visited with other punish- 
 ments, even such as are corporal — as banishment, imprison- 
 ment, &c." Nor does he leave us in doubt as to what may 
 be coniprehended under this ** &c." The question is 
 distinctly proposed, Are heretics justly punished with death ? 
 and the answer is ready, — % " St. Thomas answers, Yes — 
 because forgei-s of money or other disturbers of the State, are 
 justly punished with death, therefore, also, heretics, who are 
 forgers of the faith, and, as experence testifies generally, 
 disturb the State. This is confirmed, because God, in the 
 Old Testament, ordered the false prc»phet to be slain ; and in 
 Deut. xvii. 12, it is decreed that if any one will act proudly 
 and will not obey the commands of the Priests, let him be 
 put to death. See, also the eighteenth chapter. The same 
 is proved from the condemnation of the 14th article of John 
 Huss, in the Council of Constance." 
 
 We have sh«wn how much they are opposed to the reading 
 of even their own approved version of the Bible without their 
 
 o Den« ii. 289. 
 
 2 
 
 t Dens, il. 88. 
 
 : Ibid, ii. 89. 
 
14 
 
 If 
 
 own explanatory notes. Hero, then, is a note, which, in the 
 fourth edition of the Douay Bible, published in Dublin in 
 1816, was appended to the passage just referred to in 
 Deuteronomy : " Here we see what authority God was 
 pleased to give to the Church guides of the Old Testament, 
 in deciding without appeal all controversies relating to tho 
 law, promising that they should not err therein : and punish- 
 ing with death such as proudly refuse to obey their decision ; 
 and surely he has not done less for the Church guides of the 
 New Testament. ^^ 
 
 But the theory of the Papacy is not exhausted when we 
 spoak of the Pope as being the Head of the Church, and the 
 proper depositary of all the power which is claimed for it. 
 The Pope, as the representative and Vicar of Christ, who is 
 not only Head of the Church, but is the head over all things 
 to his Church, claims a supremacy in temporal things also ; 
 he claims to have a right, when he may see it expedient, to 
 interfere in all temporal matters, and even to dispo.se of 
 crowns and of kingdoms. The Papacy is bot;Ji spiritual and 
 secular. *' It is," as it has been well expressed,* " a tyranny 
 which fetters humanity in its religious, its social, and its 
 political elements.'' The claim to political supremacy, 
 potwithstanding disclaimers by certain Koman writers, who 
 have their own present objects to serve, has been ostentatiously 
 urged and formally declared by the Bishop of Rome, as 
 resting upon divine right, and as necessarily included in his 
 ecclesiastical office. The full amount of the claim was not 
 stated all at once. Wliat had only been, as it were, in the 
 germ at an early period, was propounded with great boldness 
 by Gregory VII., towards the close of the eleventh century; 
 so that in his day the supremacy of the Pope over the Church, 
 and the Church over the State, assumed the shape of a 
 
 *' Europe's Crisis, by the Rev, James Wright: a valuable work, and very 
 .flcasonublo. 
 
15 
 
 perfectly organized system. In his quarrel with Henry IV., 
 the Emperor of Germany, he asserted his supremacy to such 
 an extent that he excommunicated the Emperor, absolved his 
 subjects from their oath of allegiance, and forbid any one to 
 fierve him as King ; nor was the excommunication removed 
 till Henry had made the most abject submission to him at the 
 Castle of Canosa. Innocent III., in the thirteenth century, 
 asserted the same principle towards John, the King of 
 England, whom he brought to submission by first laying his 
 Kingdom under an interdict, then actually deposing him from 
 his throne, and making his kingdom over to the King of 
 France. At a later period, that is, at the beginning of the 
 fourteenth century, the principle on which this claim was 
 founded was thus set forth by Boniface VIII., in his Bull, 
 Unam Sanctam :* " There is one fold, and one shepherd. 
 The authority of that shepherd includes the two swords, — 
 the spiritual and the temporal. So much are we taught by 
 the words of the Evangelist, * Behold here are two swords,* 
 namely, in the Church. The Lord did not reply, * It is too 
 much,' but ' It is enough.' tJertainly he did not deny to 
 Peter the temporal sword : he only commanded him to return 
 it into his scabbard. Both, therefore, belong to the jurisdic- 
 tion of the Church — the spiritual sword and the secular. 
 The one is to be wielded for the Church, the other by the 
 Church, — the one is the sword of the Priest, the other is in 
 the hand of the Monarch, but at the command and sufferance 
 of the Priest. Ic behoves the one sword to be under the 
 other — the temporal authority to be subject to the spiritual 
 power." " Moreover, we say, determine and pronounce, that 
 every human creature is subject to the Roman Pontiff, as of 
 absolute necessity to salvation." 
 
 Now, this supremacy must not be identified with the 
 temporal dominion which belongs to the Pope, as sovereign 
 
 » Gleseler's Ecclesiastical History, iii. 146 ; also, Wylie'8 Prize Essay on the 
 Papacy— p. 08. 
 
.It 
 
 
 16 
 
 of what «r«f balled the States of the Church, in Italy. Hi» 
 temporal authority as a petty sovereign is indeed one of the 
 features hy which wo are enatlet? to identity Jiini, hs he i» 
 described in the Bibte, and it is iBipoi-tant, as en«biing- «* to 
 understand, when we look at the «;ondition in which his own 
 immediate subjects are held, 1k»w hostile Popery is, where it 
 has full sway, to liberty whether civil or religions. But the 
 supremacy of which we speak belongs to the Pope, and 1» 
 claimed by him, not as a p<dtty Italian Prince, but as th& 
 successor of St. Peter, and the Vicar of Christ ; it would still 
 be claimed by him were he again, as b« has been ali'eadyy 
 aud as more than one Pope has been berbre him, an exile' 
 altogether from Bome. It is when we look ai. what is implied 
 in the Papal supremacy, that we understand t as a sys.<e»i 
 which is political as well as religious. * " The nature of the 
 Popish creed, as described in the volume of hispiration, as 
 definec^jy Popish officials tliemselves, and as admitted by all 
 inteli'^ut Protestants, compels Iier eveiy lionest adheiRot to 
 be a politician, &.nd apoUHcian he must ofnecetity be ayainst 
 thejm^prerogcUives of Protestant Princes^ and against the 
 Just rights of Protestant subjeeti.*' 
 
 II. Having thus far looked at some of the principles 
 involved in the Papacy, let us now, in the secoiid place, 
 attend to the agents iu this con^^piracy. And here \ve iind 
 the whole hierarchy, from the humblest Priest upwards, 
 banded together, as swoni conspirators, iu support of ihis 
 system. 
 
 The Creed of Pope Pius IV., as we have seen, binds 
 ever}' Priest to draw his principles not iruwi iiod's Word, 
 but from the apostolical and ecclesiastical traditions ; or tVom 
 God's Word, not as he himself might see its meaning to be, 
 but according to that senfee which the Holy Mother Church 
 Ittith held and doth hold ; and while he acknowledges the 
 
 * Kurops'B CriBis, p. 224. 
 
17 
 
 Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church to bo the Mother 
 and Mistress of all Churches, he promises and swears true 
 obedience to the Bishop of Rome, as successor to Peter, the 
 Prince of Apostles, and as the Vicar of Jesus Christ. Ho 
 binds himself up, therefore, from all liberty of thinking or of 
 acting, whether in civil or religious matters, except as in 
 accordance with these principles. It is under these restric- 
 tions that he is appointed to guide the people who are placed 
 under his care. His object must be to bind them to the 
 chariot wheels of the Papacy. He is the administrator of 
 ordinances in the very participation iu which, as a mere opus 
 operatum, they obtain assure spiritual benefit. Before 
 admitting them to these, he can iAng them to their knees at 
 the confessional ; and there, under the penalty of having their 
 sins firmly bound upon their souls if they act insincerely, ho 
 can extract from them an account, not only of all that they 
 have been doing, but even of the secrat thoughts of their 
 hearts. He has thus every appliance for fixing them in the 
 same bondage *vith himself, and nipping in the bud the first 
 appearances of what, if let alone, might be found ripening 
 into that assertion of liberty to think and act for himself, which 
 belongs to man as a moral and accountable being ; and without 
 which he is most unquestionably very unfit for administrating 
 the affairs of a free people. 
 
 As the members of the priesthood advance in rank, they 
 have of course an increased influence. They move in a high- 
 er sphere ; and the obligations, accordingly, which jje laid 
 upon them, require that they improve their extended oppor- 
 tunities for the advancement still of the grand object. The 
 following, for instance, is the oath of allegiance which Bishops 
 take to the Pope : — 
 
 * •* I, (name) elect of the Church of (name), from hence- 
 forward will be faithful and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle, 
 
 * Baee«w on the Supremacy, pp. 30, 31. 
 
i 
 
 
 18 
 
 and to the Holy Roman Church, and to our Lord Ihe Lord 
 
 (name) Pope , and to Ins successors, canonically cominj;; 
 
 in. I will neither advise, consem, nov do anything thai they 
 may lose life or member, or that their perhons nmy be fieizetl. 
 or hands anywise laid upon them, or any injuries cirered to 
 them, under any pretence whatwevor. Th« counsel which 
 they will intrust me withal, by themselvet^, their successors-, o. 
 letters, I will not knowingly reveal to any to their pjejudite. 
 I will help them to defend and keep the Roman Papa('y, and 
 the Royalties of St. Peter, saving my order, against all men. 
 The legato of the A^wstolic See, going and coming, I will 
 honourably treat and help in his necessities. The rights, 
 honours, privileges, and authority of the Holy Roman Church, 
 of our Lord the Pope, and his foresaid successors, I will 
 endeavour to preserve, defend, increase, and advance I 
 will not be in any council, action, or treaty, in which shall be 
 plotted against oui* said Lord, and the sa'd P^oman Church, 
 anything to the hurt or prejudice of their persons, right, 
 honour, state, or power ; and if I shall know any such thing 
 to be treated or agitated by any whatsoever, I will hinder ii 
 to my power ; and, as soon as I can, will signify it to our 
 said Lord, or to some other, by whom it may come to his 
 knowledge. The rules of the holy fathers, the apostolic 
 decrees, ordinances, or disposals, reservations, provisions, and 
 mandates, I will observe with all my might, ana cause to be 
 observed by others. Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our 
 said Lord, or his foresaid successors, I will to my power per- 
 secute and oppose." &c. 
 
 The Cardinals are the princes of the Papacy; and in 
 whatever country they may have their residence, whatever 
 allegiance they may profess to the proper sovereign of that 
 country, that they pledge their most devoted allegiance to the 
 Pope, that they are in fact emissaries and gpies for the court 
 of Rome in the countries where they reside, must be evident 
 from the following copy of the oath taken by lately appointed 
 Cardinals in Sardmia : * 
 
 «« I , Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, do pro- 
 mise and swear that, from this hour until my life's end, I will 
 
 o Wtlie on the Papacy, pp. 122-3. 
 
19 
 
 be faithful and obedient unto St. Peter, the Holy Apostolio 
 ?'.oinHii (Jhurch, fln<l our niOHt Holy Lord the Pope and his 
 suece«8(»rH, canouirally and. lawfully elocted ; that, t will give 
 no ad\i('P, oous»eut, or asHistanee against the Pontifical Majesty 
 and pei-son ; that I will never knowiiifjly and advisedly, to 
 their injury and disffnice, mnke puhr"' th«' eounselK entrusted 
 tn iiip hy theniaolveb, or by messengers oj letters from them ; 
 also tlmr I will give them auy assistance in retaining, defend- 
 ing, an.l rtr'Avering the iloiuaii Papacy and the llegalia of St. 
 Peter, ail ray mighi }uk1 endeavour, ho far as the rights and 
 privileges of my order will allow it, and will defend against 
 all, their honor autl state ; thai. T will direcjt and defend, with 
 due favour and honour, the legates and nuncios of the Apos- 
 tolic See, 01 the territories, churches, monasteries, and other 
 henorii'eH committed to my keeping ; that I „'ill cordially 
 co-operate with thoTu, and treat them with hongur in their 
 c»ming. abiding, and returning ; .uid th:it J will resist unto 
 blood all persons whatsoever' who shall attempt anything 
 against Miem ; that T will by evei-y way, and by ev^ery means, 
 strive to preserve, augment, and advance the rights, honours, 
 privileges, the authority of the Holy R^)man Bishop our Lord 
 the Pope, and his beforemeutioned successors; and that at 
 whatsoever time anything shall be devised to their prejudice, 
 which it is out of )ny power to hinder, as bam\ as .[ shall 
 know that any steps "or measures have been taken in the 
 Matter, I will iuake it known to the saine our Lord, or his 
 before-mentioned successors, or Uy some other person by whoso 
 means it may be brought to their kn«)wledge. 
 
 " That I wiU Veep and carry out, and cause others to keep 
 and carry out, the rules of the Holy Fathers, the decrees, 
 ordinances, dispensations, reservations, provisions, apostolical 
 mandates, and constitutions of the Hoi}- Pontiff Sextus, of 
 happy memory, as to visiting the thresholds of the apostles, at 
 certain prescribed times, according to the tenor of that which 
 I have just read through. 
 
 " That I will seek out and oppose (or persecute and fight 
 against) heretics, schismatics against the same our Lord the 
 Pope and his before-mentioned successors, with every possible 
 effort." Then, after some further articles, the person taking 
 the oath concludes thus: '* I will not seek absolution from 
 any of the foregoing articles, but reject it if it should be 
 offered me. So help me God and the most holy Gospels. 
 
1 
 
 I ^ 
 
 20 
 
 According to thcso documents, then, the whole Romish 
 priesthood must bo regarded as a band of conspiratrs, spread 
 over the world, but bound together by the most solemn oaths, 
 to do whatV Why, in spiritual matters, to maintain tho 
 authority of the Pope as head of the Church ; to propagate 
 tho doctrines of the Church ; to allow even the Bible to speak 
 nothing but according to the meaning which tho Church h 
 pleased to ascribe to its words ; to stigmatize and excommu- 
 nicate as lioretics all who refuse to go along with them in these 
 things : bound still further, in civil matters, to assert the 
 supremacy of the Pope over all temporal sovereigns ; to 
 maintain his right, ns tho Vicar of Christ, to compel kings to 
 yield obedience to hi. mimdates, and to employ the ci\il sword 
 for him in p'crsecuting, even to the death, those who refuse to 
 acknowledge this headship, and who, in consequence of this 
 refusal, are branded a^ heretics ; bound to exert every e.'Fort 
 to secure to the Pope all the rights and privilegv^s which v^t 
 present he maintains, to recover and restore to mm what may 
 have been in abeyance, or may have been wrested from him, 
 and even to extend and advance them still fiirther. 
 
 But we must look a little more closely at the means which 
 these men may regard it as within their competency to employ. 
 In the oaths taken by the Cardinals and Bishops, you may 
 have observed an engagement to retain, defend and recover 
 the regalia or the royalties of St. Peter, as what belong to the 
 Pope. And what, then, are these royalties ? Barrow, in his 
 work on the supremacy of the Pope, p. 29, quoting from 
 BclL niiij-e, enun^.'^Ltes the following as a specimen : 
 
 " To be superior to the whole church and its representa- 
 tive, a general synod of Bishops ; to convocate general synods, 
 at his pleasure, all Bishops being obliged to attend upon sum- 
 mons from him, ; to preside at synods, so as to suggest matter, 
 promote, obstruct, overrule the debates in them ; to confirm or 
 invalidate their determinations, giving life to them by his 
 assent, or subtracting it by his dissent ; to define points of 
 
n 
 
 (I'lctrinc, or to decide controversies authoritatively, so that 
 iiono mcy presume to coj^.-sst or dissent from his dictates ; to 
 enact, estaltlisli, iil»r^)gate, s»us|)end, dispense with eccieaiastical 
 lawfl and canons ; t«» relax <»r evacnate eeclc.siHStical censure 
 by indulgentte, i»anU»n. tc. ; to vmd proniisei, vow*, oaUts, 
 ohli'jiUuniS to Uiw» }nf hi» diapens^ion ; to Im the fountain of 
 all pastoral jurisdictii^n and dignity; t4) constitute, ccnfirm, 
 judge, ceiiS^irc, 8iiapen«J, depose, remove, restf»re, reconcile 
 BLsnops ; to confer ecclesiastical dignities and benefices by 
 paramount authority, in way of prrjvision, reservation, &c. ; 
 to exempt colleges, monasteries, &c., firom juri»liction of their 
 BishopH and ordimiry nuiioriors ; ti> judge all perstins in all 
 spiritual causes, by calling them t*> his cognizance, oi* delegat- 
 ing judges for tliem witli a final and peremptory sentence ; 
 to receive apjieals from all e< closiastitjal judicato-les and to 
 reverse their j«idgnients, if he find cause ; to be himself un- 
 accountable for any of hi^ iniugs, exempt from judgment, 
 and liable to no repnHif; to erect, transfer, abolish episcopal 
 sees ; t*) exact o'j,t}is of fealty and obedience from the clergy ; 
 to found religious ordei-s, or to raise a spiritual militia for 
 pnipagatioji and defence of the Church ; to yununon and 
 coram issionate, soldiers by croisade, &c., to figlii agamsi Infir 
 dels, ;vijd i/) perseciite infidels." 
 
 No>v, wliile in claims »*uch as these, we see Popery )n a 
 light tUat corresponds most acdu-ately with the deserii^tion 
 which the Wo.u oi;' xrad. gives of tbe man o" sin, as one ' who 
 opposeth arl exaltetli hunseli' above al' diao is called Lrod, or 
 thai, is vorshipi>«d ; .>o that he ai* Uo«l sitteth m tJie teuip*'^ of 
 God, showing himself tlial he \s God ;" we see, also, what 
 koid of agents iljese men may \m in 'tarrying t)nt their oitjects. 
 Au'ong tlie royjilties lere asi^ertei' Tor the Pope, is xH^PoWttU 
 
 OF VOIDING PHOMISt'S, VoWS, OAiHS, OBUOATJOvS TO I.AW, 
 
 iJY ms nisKENSATidiMS. It ie possib'e thai, you uay iiave 
 heard it denied Ly Roman OaihuUcs that any sutli power Is 
 t'.'old to Iselong to the Pop. In the case Oi' the Papacy, which 
 claims infallibility, -m^ e^tj.-equently "mDnitability . evei. ancient 
 writings, which testify abundantly to the fact of tlie ciaiw, 
 might be aufficient to establish the point. I shall give you. 
 
ii 
 
 II 
 
 22 
 
 however, a late authority : Alphonso Liguori was a living 
 author about seventy or seventy-two years ago, and he was 
 raised to the rank of a Saint about twenty years ago.^ In 
 1803 the sacred congregation of rites declared " that in all 
 the writings of Alphonso Liguori, edited and inedited, there 
 was not a word that could justly be found fault with." In 
 1831 the sacred congregation still further answers in the nega- 
 tive to this question, ** Is there any occasion for inquietude in 
 the confessor who, in th- sacred tribunal of penance, practically 
 follows all the opinions of Blessed Alphonso Liguori, upon 
 this sole ground, that the Holy Apostolic See hath declared that 
 not a word in all his works can justly be found fault with?" 
 His opinions, therefore, may be safely acted on. Yet this 
 Liguori tells, in book 4, No. 256, "That the power of 
 dispensing belongs to all prelates who have jurisdiction in 
 forn externo, or the privilege of it from the Pope. Hence, 
 the following persons can grant dispensations : 1. The Pope, 
 to all the faithful, from all vows whatsoever. 2. Bishops, to 
 their own subjects. 3. Exempted Superiors of religious 
 houses to their own religious and novices." In book 1, No. 
 189, he says, " It is certain that the Pope and his prelates 
 can dispense with vows, since herein they hold the place of 
 God." And in book 6, No. 1119, he says, " It is asked if 
 the Pope can ever dispense in things which are established by 
 God, of jus divinum ? In these things in which the jus 
 divinum has its origin in human will, as in vows and oaths, it 
 is certain with all that the Pope has the faculty of dispensing 
 with them." He adds, still further, " In those things which 
 are absolutely ywrerf/y mo, [such as the law of nature itself.] 
 Sanchez, and many others, say, with great probability, that the 
 Pope has the power, in tmy particular case, not indeed of 
 dispensing with then\ but of declaring that the divine law 
 NO LONGER BINDS." You must obscrvo that according to 
 Jesuitical morality, which Liguori understood well, a person 
 
 '4\ 
 
23 
 
 is quite safe in acting upon an opinion which, as being main- 
 tained by some eminent doctor, is probably right, even 
 though he himself should not concur with the doctor in his 
 opinion. The teaching here, therefore, amounts to this, that 
 where the Pope grants tlio dispensation, what in other 
 circumstances would be one of the greatest sins against nature 
 is no sin at all. Sin you know is the transgression of the 
 law, but here no law has been violated. In the case 
 supposed, its action has been suspended, it ceased to impose 
 an obligation. And is not he who impiously pretends to this 
 power justly described as one who sets himself above all that 
 is called Grod ? And are not men who can embrace principles 
 such as these, wonclrously adapted for working out the scheme 
 of the mystery of iniquity ? 
 
 But besides the secular clergy the cause of the Papacy is 
 maintained and promoted by whole hosts of what are called 
 reoTilar clergy, that is, the various orders of monks and friars 
 who are bound by the three grand rules of poverty, chastity, 
 and obedience. While we have no doubt that their profes- 
 sions of a rigid observance of the first and second rules help 
 to secure for them considerable influence with the people, we 
 have as little doubt that their training under the authority of 
 the third rule, by which their wills are subdued, and they are 
 brought to unreserved obedience to their ecclesiastical supe- 
 riors, renders them very fit instruments in carrying out the 
 objects of this conspiracy. The Dominicans particularly have 
 signalized their devotion to the cause, by their eagerness in 
 hunting out heretics, by the cruelties which they ha,ve 
 practised upon them when in their power, and by the zeal 
 which they have manifcbLcd in perpetrating the deeds of the 
 Inquisition. Even they, however, must yield the palm to 
 the followers of Ignatius Loyola. 
 
 It was in 1534 that that fanatic founded the order of the 
 Jesuits, but it was not till six years thereafter that they were 
 
24 
 
 established, by the Bull of Paul III. In addition to the three 
 usual oaths of poverty, chastity, and oljedieiice ; they take an 
 oatli of special obedience to the Pope. Amid all his subjects, 
 they are }>ecuiiarly his devoted vas&als, and are bf»th bound and 
 trained tc» the most anreasoning obedience. Seyrnour, in his 
 " Tuomings with the Jesuits at Home," p. 17, tells as thai :j,i 
 accomplished member of that order stated to him, " that the 
 <»Teat and cardinal principle was, that obedienhje was the 
 greatest Ohristiaii duty, and humility the highest Christian 
 virtue, and that this principle was the grand eleutent ov their 
 (KJwer. He showed how in their early schooling they ti-ained 
 the mind to the m(>8i strict and rigid obedienee, binding 
 everything so as to impart the principle of obedience, and 
 create the hibit of obedience : and in the end, admission to 
 the Order is securea only through the vows of the most 
 implicit and unquestioning obedience. "When admitted into 
 the Order there is no right t« judge or question, to demur or 
 hesitate, as to any command that may be issued by the 
 General and Council of the Order ; the duty of every member 
 being to render, in all humility, a simple and unhesitating 
 obedience.*' As ic any objection that commands might be 
 given in opposition to his judgment, revolting to his feelings, 
 and wholly hostile to his deliberately formed opinions, his 
 answer was, (p. 33,) "That it argued greater humility, 
 modesty, and self-denial to render obedience under such 
 circumstances, and therefore such obedience was held to'^be 
 more meritorious in the sight of God. He stated that if such 
 a command was issued to him, he would feel it his undoubted 
 duty to forego his own judgment, to neglect his own feelings, 
 to abandon his o^vn family, to renounce the interests of his 
 country, and to give an implicit and unquestioning obedi? 
 ence ; that such self-denial was meritorious, and that be felt 
 the amount of merit accruing to him, would be great ii^ 
 proportion to the pain and difficulty he experienced, in so 
 
jMP' 
 
 25 
 
 umbling himself as to render such obedience to the desires 
 of the Order." 
 
 Now, we ask, what can be expected from the successful 
 operation ef such men but the extinction of Christian morality, 
 and the fastening down of society, in all its relations, in the 
 chains of the most absolute despotism ? These most earnest 
 and devoted men are so very virtuous, forsooth, that they will 
 never trouble themselves to exercise then: own mind m 
 inquiring whether what they are ordered to do is a thing 
 which, in itself, is right or wrong. The more merit to them 
 if it is something abhorrent to nature. They hav.3 such a 
 strong sense of duty, that they can think of nothing but 
 obedience to the orders of their superiors. When they set out 
 to fulfil these orders, they do not need to be very scrupulous 
 as to the means ; the same worthy Saint Liguori (book 4, No. 
 151) instructing them m this wise : " It is certain, and 
 commonly held by all, that it is lawful to use equivocation, 
 and to confirm it with an oath. The reason is, that we do 
 ieceivb our neighbor ; but for some good reason 
 suffer Mm to he deceived, and are not obliged to speak to 
 his understanding, if *here be just cause : such cause being af- 
 forded by any honest purpose to preserve good things useful for 
 the soul or lody. ' * Book 4, No. 1 53 : * * A confessor may affirm, 
 even upon oath, that he has no knowledge of a sin which he has 
 heard of in confession — meaning, as a man^ not as a minister 
 of Christ. The reason is, the interrogator has no right to 
 know ought but communicable knowledge, and that obtained 
 in confession is not such." In like manner, book 4, No. 147, 
 " A penitent when asked by a confessor about a sin that 
 that has been already confessed, may swear that he did not 
 commit it ; meaning, in his own mind, that which he has not 
 confessed." Book 4, 154: ** A criminal or a witness 
 interrogated not legitimately by a judge, [and the church 
 
 teaches that, although her members may submit to circum- 
 3 
 
Ill 
 
 m 
 
 \\ * 
 
 26 
 
 stances no iudgc can a«t legitimately who does not hold his 
 Sy L unL the supremacy of the Pope] may swear that 
 Snows nothing of the orune though he does know it, mean- 
 ".Zh^lcnJsno crime, of which, in the oircumtances^ he 
 Iti— . --W r; or that "he<^es no W 
 ,•( so as to give evidence about it." Book 4 No. 201 . U 
 lU one intends indeed to promise, yet not te bmd hunseHby 
 21 Z2., his vow is null and void." These n^strucbons 
 t™e tl explain the difficully of getting e^denee from 
 ::L parties I crmunal .rials. In expounomg wh=^ ^ 
 aEomlist, he calls the fifth, butwkch .s '«»lly *« «'^^ 
 Lmmandment of the moral law, the same P« ^am^ 
 LteToiidoclaies, (book:*. No. 364,) "that they only are to be 
 STted assa^inswhocommitahomicideonthosupubuon 
 It he who employs them shall P^y them a temporal reward_ 
 The significant remark of Pascal tho Yom-ger upon tbs is, 
 that " fpriest's blessmg. or the promise of heaven would not 
 te a temporal consideration." Once more, book *. No. 381. 
 .. Although on accomit of any insult, ^^ ^^^''^V^^'J J^^^ «^. 
 .hould sfy te a gentleman. You lie. it >s not l*™^ to Ml 
 another person ; because the affront may be, and nsuaUy ^ 
 ,iped off in another manner ; yet if the aggressor should try 
 Tapply a stick or a blow to a man of honorable rank, and 
 he'snot able otherwise to avert the insult Drnna. Lossms, 
 Hurtado. and twelve others, agree that it is lawtul. 
 ■ Such, then, axe the men who are every where now spread 
 over the world, with the design of brmgmg ite mhabitante 
 into subjection to the Pope. From the time of the institution 
 of the order in 1634. they m^de rapid progress, ai i were to 
 be found everywhere; whUe they seem to have laid them- 
 «,lves out rticularl, to secure for themselves the education 
 Tf the young, and the direction of affaurs in tho courta of 
 Princes Their intri£ues, and the disturbances winch hey 
 created, led their expulsion torn Engle id m 1604 ; from 
 
 
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27 
 
 Venice, two years later; from Portugal, in 1759; from 
 France, in 17M; from Sicily and Spain, in 1767; although 
 they soon returned again to some of these countries. Even 
 the Popes found that these seemingly devoted adherents were 
 not so much the servants of the individual Pope, as of the 
 Papacy ; and that their real head was the General of the 
 order. ig^Ganganelli, known as Pope Clement XIV, suppress- 
 ed the order m 1773, but his death, supposed to have been 
 from poison, followed soon after. Pope Pius VII restored 
 the order, for Kussia, in 1801, and for all the world in 1814 ; 
 so that again they are the most mfluential element in carrying 
 out the designs of the Papacy. 
 
 m. Having thus with all postiible brevity noticed, first, 
 the principle, and secondly, the organization of this conspu:acy, 
 let us now, in the thkd place, say a few words as to the fruits. 
 And here we have to remmd you that, as claiming infallibility, 
 the Papacy not only consistently must, but actually does 
 claun immutability ; and that it will not do to tell us, as some 
 not very intelligent Protestants would have us to believe, that 
 Popery is greatly improved from what it once was, and that 
 it^is not by a reference to the sayings and domgs of what are 
 called the dark ages, that we are to learn what it now is. 
 She herself denies the allegation. She sees indeed the expe- 
 diency, and she yields to the necessity, in particuljir cu:cum- 
 stances, of holding some of her claims in abeyance, of relax- 
 ing^some of her restrictions, and, as Peter Dens has mformed 
 us, of allowing to her subjects who live among heretics, 
 indulgences which she does not permit where she has them 
 fully in he. power. But anything of this nature, which may 
 be referred to by her apologists as indications of improvement, 
 i* the mere result of external influences, and of influences 
 which she herself regards as adverse. Yielding to the pres- 
 sure from without, she may draw in her horns for a little, but 
 only to protrude them again when the pressure is removed ; 
 
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 28 
 
 and whether the horns be drawn in. or be protruded there 
 Z 1 an important part of her system, and a cl>araet«ns 
 Ser wh is represented as drunk with the blood of the samts^ 
 ieulwas when her call would assemble the u,—d 
 hosts of potentates acknowledging her supremacy « persecute 
 ev ^ to L death the bible-loving Albigenses and Waldenses, 
 nTh south of France, or the adherents to the truA am^ng 
 the valleys of the Alps. Her call is not so authontative now, 
 i h X"rit is not changed. Its unchanged character >s 
 !1 even in Britain and in Ireland, not, indeed, m the bum- 
 : tie persons who read the bible-she dare not attomp 
 ^"a^lbut in burning the bible itself, the P-' P^tto .h 
 oareful at the same time to lift the obnoxious book into the 
 rH tongs, lest he should be i^ected ^U it« 
 Who has not heard of the fires of Smithfield? Who has 
 noUeard of the treacheries and horrors of t^e --a^eof 
 Bartholomew, for which thanksgiving was ff^^^l 
 by order of the Pope t Germany, Ho land, he Netherlands 
 France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, have their tales to te 1 of he 
 Iciti s 'that were practised within *- ^--j^;, ^ *^^ 
 instisation of this Man of Sin. to restram liberty o thought 
 ::^^'^ action m things civil and sacred, and to bind aUm 
 
 et,.rs of absolute slavery. Jl-/-\;trL' 
 Adriatic, too. will yet disclce the victims who, in the s ence 
 of the nisht, were brought from the dungeons of Venice to 
 Iniate tte mortal sin of loving the Bible. They were placed 
 nTplaS between two boats' On a signal^ the boats were 
 larated by a few strokes of the oar. A plunge was heard 
 3 tte watL closed over thehereties. Doesnot the present 
 Ite of Madeira, from which Dr. Kalley. a British subject 
 W Mculty in scaping with his life a few years ago. and 
 tmih multitudes of the natives had to become enles, in 
 e of their religious liberty, show the working std 
 of this conspiracy t What does the experience of the Madia 
 
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29 
 
 
 tell, on this subject ? What does the esperienee of the 
 Mortara family tell — deprived of their child on the ground 
 that having been surreptitiously baptized, it has become 
 immutably the subject of the Pope ? What is the testimony 
 from the dungeon of Poerio ? What is the voice from the 
 many dungeons in Naples and in Rome ? K the Papacy is 
 not a conspiracy against civil and religious liberty, will any 
 one try to explain how it is that, everywhere, it is just as 
 Popery triumphs that liberty suffers ? that there is such an 
 utter extinction of it in Naples and in Rome — the head- 
 quarters of Popery ? Or how is it that it is only the Roman 
 Catholics who dwell in lands where the Word of God has free 
 course, and is glorified, who dare to raise their voice in favour 
 of civil and religious liberty ? They may profess to admire it 
 here ; they may use the phrase as a watchword here ; they 
 may assert their claim to it here : and find abundant sympathy. 
 Yes ! from the bottom of our hearts do we wish that they 
 would rise up as one man, and assert tlieir civil and religious 
 liberty. But I have to remind them that that is a blessing 
 which cannot be enjoyed under Popish rule — it is known 
 only where Protestantism prevails. Even France, with all her 
 pretensions, is a stranger to it. Not only are Protestants there, 
 in the administration of the laws by Roman Catholics, deprived 
 of their constitutional rights and liberties ; but, according to 
 late accounts, a distinguished writer, an earnest Roman 
 Catholic, was about to be put on his trial for stining up 
 dissatisfaction among the people, because he had expressed 
 his persuasion that there was liberty, and national progress, 
 and prosperity in Britain, beyond what was enjoyed in France. 
 There is no reason to suppose that the Emperor of the 
 French, at least, has any doubt about the correctness of that 
 opinion : but Popery cannot bear the light. Our conclusion, 
 therefore, is, that if we Protestants, and our Roman Catholic 
 fellow subjects, are to contmue in the enjoyment of civil and 
 
MM 
 
 30 
 
 religious liberty, it is to be. secured, net by placing ourselves 
 under the inflence of the Priests, but by doing what we 
 can to secure, through the blessing of God, that the 
 administration of our public affairs shall be in the hands of 
 men who fear God and hate covetousness — men in whom we 
 have confidence that they will not show contempt of God's 
 Word, by neglecting to secure a due place for it in schools 
 supported by provincial funds for the education of the young; 
 ami who will not, by supporting with the public funds those 
 who teach Popish error, involve us in the guilt of aiding and 
 abetting those who are agents in a conspiracy against civil 
 and religious liberty. 
 
 
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