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'J-

ARNOLD'S

EXPEDITION AGAINST QUEBEC.

(

1775-1776.

THE DIARY OF EBENEZER WILD,

Mttfj a 1Lij>t of sucf) ©iartfs.

By JUSTIN WINSOR.

[Privately rephinted, Seventi'-five Copies, from the Proceedings
OK THE Massachusetts IIistokral Society, April, 1880]

CAMBRIDGE :

JOHN WILSON AND SON.

SanititrsiiB \}xts%.

188(5.

ARNOLD'S EXPEDITION TO QUEBEC,

1775-1776.

Mr. Winsou presented a co{)y of an unprinted jnui-nal
kept on the Kennebec expedition to Qnebec, under Arnold,
in 1775-7(3. Its author was Ebenezer Wikl, who was one
of those captured in Arnokl's party during the attempted
storming of Quebec, Dec. 81, 1775. He remained a prisoner
till the arrangement was made witli Carleton for the release
of the New Englanders in June. The manuscript was given
to Harvard College l.ibrary in 1850 by W. S. Stoddard. It
may be convenient to enumerate the other diaries of this
expedition which luive been preserved or noted.

1. Arnold's, Sept. 27 to Oct. 30. 177'). The original manuscript
was left behind by Arnold when he fled from West Point. Extracts
from it arc printed in S. L. Knapp's " Life of Aaron Biut," 1835. It
is now owned by Mr. S. L. M. Barlow, of New York. A C(.py made
of it, when owned by Judge Edwards, of New York, is in the " Sparks
Manuscripts "' (UI. vol. ii.).

2. " Journal of the ^March of a Party of Provincials from Carlyle
to Boston, and from thence to (Quebec, begiui the thirteenth of July
and ended the thirty-first of December, 177'). To which is added
an Account of the Attack and Engagement of Quehec, the 31st
December, 177.')." Glasgow, 1775, pp. 3G. Sabin ("Dictionary of
Books relating to America," vol. Ix. No. 36, 728) says it is the jour-
nal of a company of I'iflemen, under C;iptains William Hendricks and
John Chambers, and that it was sent from Quebec to Glasgow by a
gentleman who ap|)ended the " Accoinit."

3. A matniscript journal kept by Henry Dearborn, Sept. 10, 1775.
to July 10, 177r), is in the Boston Public Lil)rary.

4. "Caleb Haskell's diary, May 5, 1775, to May 30, 1770, — a
revolutionary soldier's Record before Boston and with Arnold's expe-
dition." Newburyiiort, 1881, pp. 23. It is edited liy L. AVithington.
The diarist was of Ward's company.

5. John Joseph Henry's " Accurate and Interesting Account of the
Hardships and Suflerings of that liand of Heroes wlio traversed liie
Wilderness in tlie Campaign against Quchec." Lancaster, Ta., 1812.
There were later editions, with changed titles, published at Watertown,
N. Y., 1H44, and at Albany, 1877, the last having a memoir of Judge
Henry, the author, by his grandson Aubrey H. Smith, from which we
learn that the narrative was <lictate.l by Henry to liis daughter in his
last years, with tin; aid of notes and memoranda made at the time, and
that it was printed without the author's revision.

G. A journal of Lieutenant William Ileth. of Morgan's Riflemen, h
referred to in Marshall's " Washington," pp. ;">••?. •'>7. ^^

7. A journal of Sergeant McCoy is referred to in Henry's - Account.

8. Major Return J. Meigs' " Joiirnal of the Expedition against Que-
bec under Colonel Benedict Arnold in the Year 1775." It forms Vob I.
of Charles L Buslmell's " Crumbs for Antiquarians," New York, 18.)9 ;
and it is also printed in the xMass. Hist. Soc. Collections (vol. xii.). ^

0. J. Melvin's "Journal of the Expedition to Quebec in the Year
1775." New York (100 copies), 1857. Introducti<m by William J.
Davis. It was also printed by the Franklin Club, Philadelphia, 18G4.
Melvin was of Dearborn's Company.

10. E. M. Stone (see No. 14) refers to John Peirce's journal of
daily occurrences, Sept. 8, 1775, to Jan. 16, 177G. Peirce was an en-
gineer with the pioneers. His record is defective at the beginning and
end, and has not been printed.

11. " Journal of Isaac Senter, Physician and Surgeon to the Troops
on a Secret Expedition against Quebec in September, 1775." Plula-
delphia, 184G, taken from Vol. I. of the Bulletin of the Pennsylvania
Historical Society. It begins at Cambridge, Sept. 13, 1775, and ends
at Quebec, Jan. G, 177G.

12. The diarv of Ephraira Squier, Sept. 7 to Nov. 25, 1775, is
preserved in the Pension Otrice, Washington, and is printed in the
" Magazine of American History " (vol. ii. p. G85).

l.'i. Stone (No. 14> reports, as at that time in the hands of David
Kin-r, of Newport, a journal of Captain John Topham. for September,
October, and November, 1775, which had not been printed, and was
illegible before the date of October G.

14. " Invasion of Canada in 1775, including the Journal of Captain
Simeon Thayer, describing the Perils and Sufferings of the Army
under Colonel Benedict Arnold, with Notes and Appendix by E.^L
St.me." Providence, 18G7, being Vol. VI. of the R. I. Hist. Sec.

Collections.

15. "Journal of an Expedition against Quebec in 1775, by Joseph
Ware", of Needliam, IVIass. Published by Joseph Ware, grandson i)f
the journalist." Boston, 1852. It begins Sept. 13, 1775, and ends on
board a cartel-vessel at sea, Sept. G, 177G. The notes are by Justin

Winsor. It was first printed in the " N. E. Hist, and Genoal, Regis-
ter," April, IH")2. Whitmore (" Amer. Genealogist," p. 81) questions
Ware's authorship.

A Journal of a March from Ca»ihri<ff/e, on an Expedition ntjainst Que-
bec in Colonel Benedict Arnold's JJttacliment, Sept. 13, 1775. [/iy
Mbenezer Jf'i'W.J

September }Wi. — IMarched from Cambridge until evening, and
encamped at ]\Ialdon that night.

14^/^. — This morning marched very early, and encamped in the
evening at Beverly. This day marched twenty-live miles ; the weather
very sultry.

\')//i, — This morning marched briskly along, and got into Nowbury-
port at eight o'clock at night, where we were to make a stay for several
days.

lC)th. — In Newburyport, waiting for the vessels getting ready to
ca^ry us to Kennebec.

17 th.— This day had a general review, and our men appeared very
well and in good spirits, and made a grand appearance ; and we had
the praise of hundreds of spectators, who were very sorry to see so
many brave fiillows going to be SiU-riliced for their country.

l^(/i, — Iliid orders to embark in the evening. Our Heet consisted
of eleven sail of vessels, sloops, and schooners. Our number of troops
consisted of 1,300 ; eleven companies of musketmen, and three of rifle-
men. We were embarked this evening, and lay in the river all night.

19^/i. — Early this morning weighed anchor with a pleasant gale, our
colors Hying, drums beating, lit'es playing, and the hills all round covered
with pretty girls, weeping for their departing swains. This night had
like to have proved fatal to us, for we were close on board of rocks be-
fore wc knew anything about it. We were immediately all called upon
deck, expecting every moment to be dashed to pieces against the rocks ;
but the wind freshing we got clear after several tacks, to the great joy
of us.

20th. — Arrived in Keimebec River ; rowed and sailed up against
wind and tide.

2lst. — Arrived at Fort Weston [Western], where we halted for
some days, and here we were furnished with bateaux and provisions
for carrying us up the river. Continued here the 22d, 23d, and
24th.

25th. — Embarked on board our bateaux, and arrived at Fort Hali-
fax in the evening of the 2()th.

27th. — Carried over Ticoneck Falls our bateaux and provisions,
forty rods carriage, and pushed up three miles.

2Sth. — Pushed up eight miles ; the water so bad that the bateaux
men were obliged to drug the boats up over shoals ; in many places
were up to their chins in water.

2dth. — Pushed up to the second carrying-place, called Cohiggin

Falls.

30th. — Carried over sixty rods, and pushed up five miles.

October 1st. — Pushed up over rocks and shoals, where we were
many times over head in water pulling the bateaux over ; we arrived
at the third carrying-place in the evening.

2d. — This day carried over Norridgewalk Falls one mile and a
quarter, and then encamped. We felt very uncomfortable this night
after dragging our boats over roots and rocks and mud.

3rf. — Pushed up eleven miles on our way. Captain Hendricks'
company of riflemen shot a young moose, which weighed about two
hundred pounds. But we had none of it, they being before us. This
day we left all inhabitants, and entered an uncultivated country and
barren wilderness. The timber for the most part is birch, pine, and
hemlock. Some places on the river there are places where large sugar

trees grow.

4//j. _ Pushed up eight miles to Tintucket, or Hellgate Falls, and

carried our boats over forty rods.

5th, 6th, and 7th. — Pushed up to the head of the Kennebec, where
we carried out into a pond. These three last days we came about
twenty miles.

8th. — This day we pushed on very briskly, it being Sunday. The
foremost companies lying still on account of heavy rains; we marched
all day, it being very wet and cold, and suffered a good deal from the
inclemency of the weather, and came up with some of tiiem at night.

dth, 10th, and lUh. — Carried to the first pond, three and one-half
miles land-carriage ; crossed the pond two miles.

12</i and VMh. — Carried to a second pond three quarters of a mile ;
crossed the pond one mile over, then carried two miles to a third pond,
and crossed the pond two miles over.

IMh and loth. — Carried to the Dead River three miles, and went up
one mile ; then encamped at night. This river runs so still that it can
scarce be perceived which way it runs ; it is black water, about four
rods wide, and runs southeast.

l^th. — The water now being deep and dead, we betook ourselves to
our oars, and rowed up six miles.

\qth. — After carrying over a small carrying-place, about ten rods,
rowed up fifteen miles.

18M. — Rowed up twenty miles, and carried over a small carrying-
place

l^th. — Carried over four carrying-places, and rowed up about five

miles.

•U

20th, 2lst, and 22f{. — Were detained in our tents by heavy rains.
23d. — The water being shallow, we wore obliged to lay by our
oars and take our setting poles. We pushed up ten miles.

24th. — Our provisions growing scanty, and some of our men being
sick, we held a council, and agreed to send the sick back, and send a
ca[)tain and fifty men forward to the inhabitants as soon as possible,
that they might send us some provisions. Accordingly, the sick were
sent back, and Captain Ilanchitt, with fifty men, sent forward. Before
this. Colonel Knos, witii three captains and their companies, turned
back, and took with them large stores of provisions and ammunition,
being discouraged (as we 8up|)0sed) by the ditliculties they met with.
This day got forward nine miles. The water being very rapid, many
of our boats were upset, and much of our baggage lost, with provisions
and guns.

2oth. — Snowed all night ; very cold this morning, Pushed over
two carrying-places. Got forward eight miles to-day.

2C)(h. — Pushed up four ponds, and carried over two carrying-places,
one of them a mile over ; the ground covered with snow.

27th. — Crossed a pond half of a mile over, and carried fifteen rods
to another pond, two miles over, to the great carrying-place, four miles
and fifty rods over. Here it was agreed to leave most of our bateaux,
being greatly fatigued by carrying over such hills, rocks, and swamps as
were never passed by man before.

28th. — After carrying over the great carrying-place, we encamped
by a small stream, running into Chadore pond. Dealt out to each man
four pints of Hour and wliat little meat we had left, which was about
four ounces per man.

29</«. — Early this morning set out for the head of Chadore
River. This day we suffered greatly by our bateaux passing by us,
for we had to wade waist-high through swamps and rivers, break-
ing ice before us. Here we wandered round all d.ay, and came at
night to the same i)lace which we left in the morning, where we
found a small dry spot, whc 3 we made a fire, and we were obliged to
stand up all night in order to dry ourselves and keep from freezing.
We continued so till next day, when a bateau came up and took us
across the river.

30th. — At noon were relieved from our miserable situation, and
made the best of our way through the woods for Chadier [s/c].

3\st. — Pushed on for Chadore with all speed, in hopes of over-
taking our bateaux in order to get some flour, for ours was all expended ;
but to our great grief and sorrow our bateaux were stove, and our flour
was lost, and the men barely escaped with their lives. Now we were
in a miserable situation, not a mouthful of provision ; and by account
seventy miles from inhabitants, and we had a wilderness, barren and
destitute of any sustenance, to go through, where we expected to sutler

hunger and cold and fatigue. Here the captain with the ablest men
pushed on in order to get provisions to send back for the sick.

JVovemljcr IsL — Tliis morning startcil very early, hungry an<l little
satisfied with our tiight's rest. Travelled all day very briskly, aiul at
night encamped in a miserable situation. Here wo killed a dog, and
we made a very great feast without bread or salt, we having been four
days without any provisions ; and we went t<» sleep ihiit night a little
better satisfied. Our distress was so great that dollars were ollered for
bits of bread as big as the palm of one's hand.

2d. — This morning when wo arose, many of us were so weak that
we could hardly stand; we staggered about like drunken men. How-
ever, we nuide shift to get our packs on our backs, and marched off,
hoping to see some inhabitants. This night a small stick across the
road was sulRcient to bring the stoutest to the ground. In the evening
we came in sight of the cattle coming up the river-side, which weru sent
by Colonel Arnold, who had got in two days before. It was the joy-
fullest night that ever 1 beheld, and some c<ndd not refrain from crying
for joy. We were told by the men who came with the cattle that we
were yet twenty miles from the nearest inhabitants. Ifere we killed a
"croetur," and we had some coarse flour served out, with straws in it
an inch long. Here we had a noble feast, and some of the men were
80 hungry tliat before the " creetur " was dead the hide and flesh were
on the fire broiling.

Pjd. — IMiirchod this day twenty miles, wading through several small
rivers, some of them up to our middle, and very cold. In the evening
we came in sight of a house, the first we had seen for forty-one days.

\t}i, — Last night had |)leiity of beef and potatoes; but little or no
bread was to be had. Snowed most of the night. In the morning
marched down the river to inhabitants thick settled.

5//i. — Continued our march down the river; the people very hos-
pitable; provisions plenty, but very dear; milk one shilling sterling
per quart, and bread a shilling per loaf, weighing no more than three
pounds. Came this day twelve miles.

G^//. — Came up with Colonel Arnold and the advanced party.
Marched off together at two o'clock, and marched till twelve o'clock
at night. Roads excessive bad, most of the way mid-leg deep with
mud and water, INIarched seventeen miles.

"ith. — Marched three [miles] ; then halted till night, when a lieu-
tenant was sent forward with thirty men to see if our way was clear.
Accordingly they marched till near two o'clock in the morning, when
we halted. We were in sight of Quebec, the river St. Lawrence
between us and the town.

8/A. — Took up our quarters along the river-side until our troops be-
hind could come up. Here we stayed until the loth. By this time all
the men alive had come, several having perished with hunger in the

won<lH, I)„ri„;r our stay hero, wo took :i mi.lshipnmn bel....^

iriiiiiU'. in the hiiiLor, wlio cunc on slinro with sovcral othors in u I

ongin<> to a

)OUt,

to oarry uwuy f|..nr fn.ni u mill „n our sulv, of tl... livt-r, wl.i,-i, is al.ont
a mil., or so.ne better wide. At ihe city one twenty-oij,.!,,..,,,,, f,i.,ato
and ii sloop-of-war. uitli some merchantni.Mi, were in the harbor. ''

l:U/i. — Crossed the river at nijrht in l..n- boats and can.xis. Some
of tile carujes overset in the river; but none of the men wer.. lost, only
some few guns and elothes. Got all over before morning ,.t a place
calhid Wolfs Cove.

14^/,. — This morninjr w(,re fired upon by the friirate. but received
no damage. Took up our .piaru-rs in some good houses near th.- town
which were forsak.m by the owners. Her., we r..maine.l unlil the 2()th,
durn.g which time we were inf.,rined that there were not more than one
hun.lred reg.dars in the city, with a number of sailors and other new
rt^cruits, in all not exceeding four hun.b-ed un.^ -r arms. The first day
we came over the river, we [.assed close by the walls of the town, and
guve three cheers without being molested by the enemy, who fired a few
shots fr.mi tiieir cannon, but .lid us no harm.

'21sf. — Mairiie.l up the river twenty miles to Point aux Trembles,
our ammunitions being alm.)st expen<l,>,l an.l too scant to attack the
town with. Here we were joine.l by General Montgomery with the
lork forces from Montreal, who had taken St. John's, Fort Shamble
an.l Montreal. In these places they took a great .p.antity of provisions,'
clothing, ammunition, an.l .•annon, with nine hundred and fifty prisoners
Kemaine.l here until tlie 5th of December.

Dec.mber ;>th. — Marche.l back to Quebec and laid siege to the town •
continued the siege until the 2IIM,. .luring which time we took several
prisoners. Cannonade.l an.l bombarded ea.-h oth.-r both .lay and ni-rht.
During these transactions the two men who had been left with iJeu-
teiiant M<;Solan came to us and informed us that they had buried him
at the first inhabitant's, after he ha.l been brought down the river by
two Indians, hired by Captain Smith for the purpose.

29;/«. — This night prepared to storm tlie city in two different places.
General Montgomery with the York forces on one .luarter, and Colonel
Arnold on fin, other han.l. Accordingly, about five o'ch^ck in the morn-
ing, began the attack; but they coul.l not get to the wall, but retreated
back to their quarters, their general and two leading oilicers bein.r killed
by the fire from the enemy. Colonel Arnol.l with his party caiTie.l on
the attack on his .piarter, and got possession of their two gun battery,
and took seventy prisoners. Our colonel being wounded in the begin-
ning of the attack, was .'arrie.l ba.-k. The captains themselves then
took the lead, and .Irove the enemy until, overpowered by numbers and
surrounded, we were obliged to surrender ourselves prisoners of war.

Jan. 1, 1770. — In the French convent they gave us some rum
to drink and some hard bread to eat. Our allowance of provisions was

one poi.ntl of bread, one half pound of pork., one gill of rice for a day,
and six ounces of butter a week.

'Id. — In prison, this day we liad a cask of porter [given] by some
gentleman of the town,

M and Uh. — The general sent for a list of our names, of the old
countrymen in particular by themselves that were ivith us, and they
chiefJy enlisted in the King's service.

hth to 8M. — The prisoners petitioned to have their packs sent in to
them, whereupon they sent out a flag and received them for us.

%th to loth. — The general sent for a list of the occupations of the
prisoners. The small-pox is ve-y plenty ^vith us. Captain Hubbard
died with the wound he received in coming in.

\Wi to 22rf. — Five of those that enlisted out of prison and five
others deserted in the night. There were two men put in irons for
attempting to break out of prison.

2:>r/ to ihth. — There were three vessels and a house burned by our
people. The enemy went into St. Rochs after plunder. Tlun-e were
two of our people taken going to set lire to the shipping.

•hHh to 29//^. — Tliere n-ere three men deserted the garrisons. The
people get out into St. Rochs e\ery day and letch in the remains of the
buildings that were burnt.

I'dth to Z\st. — Two men of Captain Ward's company died of the
small-pox. The men are getting well, some of them.

Febn(cmi \st to oth. — There were two men deserted. Seven of our
men died with the snvdl-pox, and one of our men died with the ])leurisy ;
he was sick but one day.

bth to Wt. — Three men deserted, and forty men lav sick in
prison.

Wi to 12///. — Very wet and snowy ; the storm very heavy. Three
men were stifled to death on duty.

12/7; to liHh. — This morning sixty men went to the hospital with
the small-pox. Tbe men have it very horribly.

IQfh to -lOlh. — Six of the old countrymen that enlisted in the King's
service deserted, and the remainder were put in prison again because
those deserted.

20//i to '2-Uli. — Five men died with the small-pox. The enemy
made an attempt to go out aft(>r our people's cannon, and were driven
back. Tliere was a continual firing after them.

2Mh to 31s/;. — Nothing remarkable.

Morch \sf to Qh. — Tliree men deserted.

Qth to 10///.— -One of tiie prisoners was ])ut in irons for talking with
one of the sentries. We hear that Hoston is taken by our peo[)k'"

10//i to 13///. — Tliere was an alarm in the city about ten o'clock at
night. A large picket-guard was set around tlie prison .•md n field-piece
before the door.

l/i

•-J8.

<»»•_

13i/i to IStL — The emigrants are moved to the artillery barracks
and the rest of us into a stone jail, and are locked up at seven o'clock

at night

lt\/t to 2')t/). — Nothing remarkable.

2r)t/i to 30^//. — In the night one of the prisoners got out of prison,
and run to our people. We are in a miserable condition. Ilavin- no
wood, we are almost frozen. *

30th and 3\sL~ Most of the prisoners consulted together to break
out of prison, and to try their best to take the town ; but as one of the
prisoners was cutting away some ice at the cellar door, in order to have
It handy to open m a moment to -o out at, the sentry standing near
and hearing the cutting acquainted the olRcers of the guard, who ac-
quainted some other olHcers. They, coming in, inquired who was
cutting at the door, and what they were upon. One of the prisoners
informed thein of all the transaction that was going forward. The
ofhcers searched all the rooms in the prison and every man's pack to
see It they could find any arms or ammunition, for they supposed
some of the people in the town had supplied us with arms and am-
munition, but they could not find any such things with us. At this we
were all put into strong irons. " '

April Ut to 14///. — Our people having a battery across the river at
1 oint Lewis, they threw shot into the town, very merry. The officers
of the guard are very particular with us; they call a roll, and count us
morning and eveiiiii<r.

Uth to 27 fh. -. it is very sickly with us. The scu-'vy and lame-
ness nige very much, occasioned by living on salt provisions.

2^f/i to 3\sf. — The town was alarnied in the night.

J% 1st to G^/i. — Nothing strange, but in grea. distress and despair.

6///. — This morning three ships came in with reinforcements of
about one thousand men. All the bells in the town rang for joy most
of the day ; th(;n all the force; marched over to Abram's plains to have
a batlle with our people, but ,Iiey retreated as fast as possible, and left
a number sick i-i the hospital, likewise some of their cannon and ammu-
nition. \ th a number of small arms and packs.

7///. and 8M. — The general ordered the irons to be taken ofF the
prisoners. He also gave the emigrants their liberty acraiii This
morning two ships came in. The ships have gone up the river and
a number of troo|)s by land to .Arontreal.

^ 'M to 1-k//. — Three ships and throe brigs came in. There wore
SIX prisoners put in with „s, taken stealing about. One company set
out for Montreal.

14/// to 11)///.- Two ships went out, one of them a packet for
England.

\m, to 2:UL — One ship and a number of small crifts came in.
Ihirteen prisoners enlisted into the King's service. One ship sailed out.

2Sd. — Our allowance is one pound of soft bread and one pound of
beer per day.

24t/i to 2C>(h. — The militia have laid down their arms. One of
those men that went out of prison was put on board a fifty-ffuu shin •
but as he did not incline to enter on board, they put him in irons, and
threatened to hang him, but he was taken out of irons and put into
[them] again n> the evening. Robert ]]urd was taken out of prison,
and has got liis liberty ; he is going to his home in Ireland.

2m to 30th. — One ship went out and twenty came in. There
were e.ght or nine prisoners taken out to work ; they stayed out one
or two days, and were required to swear allegiance to the King that
they would not take up arms against them, and to make knovvn all
experiments against him.

30th and 3lst. — Four ships came in ; one brig and two ships went
out. ^

June Ut to 5th. - Twenty-eight ships came in with General Bur-
goyne Ihere are six thousand Hessians and Hanoverians come to
assist the Kmgs troops. Five hundred marched up the river for
Montreal.

5^/^ _ This day General Carleton and some other officers came to see
us. He inquired of us whether we had fared as well as he promised
us we siiould when we were taken. We told him we fared very well.
He said he did not take us as enemies, and likewise sdd if he could rely
upon our honors he would send us to N. England if we would promise
to be quiet and peaceable, and not take up arms any more.

June 6, 1776. A Copy of an Answer sent to General Carleton.

_ May it please your Excellency : We, the prisoners in his Majesty's
jail, return your Excellency our most hearty and unfeigned thanks for
your clemency and kindness to us, while in prison, being sensible of
your humanity. We return your Excellency thanks for your offer
made us yesterday, and having a desire to return to our friends and
famihes, we will promise not to take up arms against his Majesty, but
remain peaceable and quiet in our respective places of abode ; an.l we
further assure your Excellency that you may depend on our fidelity,
aiid we remain your Excellency's humble servants. Signed in behalf of
the prisoners.