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NOTE —Suggestions as to new books to be obtained for the Library should be addressed to the Librarian, the followmg particulars being furnished: (a) Name of t>ook, (b) Author, (cj Publishers, (d) Price. lOM-4-56 (M-9063-77, . — r fj^^jkvf \ - — / / <•/ * f' ■as^fs^ PICTORIAL VOYAGE, CNOWN AS C|f ^ekn pile Pitror iO iiiiei. iiiiieii fiffiiTiEi AND TXri; SAGUENAY, BMBIlAilNli I'fM. ANU ACc'UUATK VIKWS AN'D DUSCRII'TIOM! or THll M(JNUMENTS. CITIES, RUINS, LAKES, FALLS AND RAPIDS, 01" BllTTTSH AMERICA; AIJIO, \'IKWS OF THE UEl'L'BIJCAN LORDER ALONG THE SHORES Ol- LAKE ERIE AND BOTH BANKS OF THE NIAGARA RIVEK, LAKE ONTARIO AND THE ST. LAWRENCE: UP THE REMOTE AND SUPLIME SAGUENAY RIVER, SITUATED IN THE HUDSON'S BAY TERRITORY. IS I'UE l-AlUiKST AND MOST KLABOKATELY FINISHED MOVING I'AINTlMi EVER EXECUTED. JOSIAH PERHAM, PROrRIETOR. <\\ mm €H^^ Dtkpr, fioiUvln * Co., Printers, No. t Spruce St., New York, ^^m u^> ,i:!^..i? -^f**^- ,.-/, ■,:T -' »r tf.- ' .fe>-% J*' ' iw^T m i''/'^ €^ OF A fSW OF THE MOil PBOMimT 0BJB0T8 AVB PLACSI BZHIBirBD OV THB lOBBOR. i \ V\\.\j of Buffala iiri« CanaL Onuid and Navy Ib1hdDgniel Point A Point auz Trembles. The Steamers John Mnnn, Lady Elgin, Quebec and Montreal, on a race for Quebe<', Uke St Peter, Villages of River de In Marohush and Three RiTere. Battisoau Oirondinaa. De Chambault, Gap* Bante. Oape Booge, by Moonlight. Wolf's Got*. Plains of Abraham. City and Citadel of Quebec. Beauport Montmorenei Palls. Villages of Loohgerrien. St Ann's and St Looienne. Mount Tonn. Cape Tourment Seal Shoals. St. Paul's Bay. Goose Cape, Cape Salmon and Cape Eagle. Great Mai Bay. Indians' Steppbg Stonesi Pro Keag, by Moonlight Porpoise Traps. The Jesuit's Archway. St Catharine's Bay. Tadousao Harbor. Thence up the Saguenay. Tete De Bonle Rock. The Outlet of the Marguerite River- Whale pursued by a Sword Fish. St Louis Islands. Cape Eternity. Trinity Cove. Cape Trinity. The Three Profiled Statue Point Ha Ha, or Grand Bay. The Chicoutimi Channel. The Tillage of the Mills, in a Snow Storm. ChiooutimL Boats on iee, propelled by wind. The head of narigation at the foot of the Great Portage pr Rapidsi near l4ke St John, SEV Li UNr BAKE iiiii ^^ » iiii i,i . ^"^ fu^, :f6vi^i ^:^^''.M O PLAOII fht. (beo. ina. on and C«p« iierlte River, 'ord Fish. I. I, in ft Snow bjf wind. it the foot of }l•pid^ BMur DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORIC -f-ri a ■tm-T I *v_ 'v».» or THB SEVEN MILE MIRROR or TUB ^t-f^ * >: LAKES, NIAGARA, ST. LAWRENCE^ ^ AND SAGUENAY RIVERS, /*» iVmi, EMBBACIKG THE XNnSE SANOE 07 BOBDEB SOENEBT, -^^ or TITE UNITED STATES AND CANADUN SHORES, FROM ZAKE ERIE TO THE ATLANTIC. ^■'%-: ' ?W^. te t r'^xy "il?s , OOFTRiaBT SaoURBD. - NEW YORK: - I* BAKER, GODWIN & CO., BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, u, . ,..% OORNBR NASSAU AND SPRUCE »THKBT8. ^■ 1854. .•^* ,A\ so n u t^7 )fj MAP OF THE LAKES AND RIVERS ILLVVTRATBD OH *i^:' ■<■ THE SEVEN MILE MIRROR. *w » ■i: %€■■:■■ Ml ':«*> J iTiCiflS >ai*Jw J .IW REMARKS. Mo ■ fl« ■•.-•• ■.'■•' • - m <«>. Kill 1 1. 1 ;vii', .'J ■ •■■ 4.iiJA« vi,* ... -■■' ;.)«i ■->*.-..■. The Proprietor nssurea the publie that the painting which hat been' aptly denominated the " Mammoth Moving Mirror," io a true and faithful portraiture of the scenery which it professes to represent ; every object, from the com- mencement of the pictorial journey to its ulose, having boon carefully drawn and oolorcd on the rpot The public may rely on the accuracy of the views portrayed on this almost endless painting. They were not taken on a flying steamboat trip. TIte Proprietor, and that celebrated artist, Mr. E. P. Barnes, of New York city, WALKED THE WHOLE DISTANCE FROM LaKE ErIB ALOMO THE BARKS OF THE Niagara to Lake Ontario, making/u/j drawin^x of ihe entire range of scenery ^ encountering great peril in descending and drawing each other up the dizzy cliffs which overhang the Great Whirlpool at a height of several hundred feet. Arriving at Lake Ontario, the proprietor fitted up a vessel, and with pilot crew, and all necessary conveniences for the Artists, proceeded with the draw- ings as far as Quebec, where a second vessel was chartered, which arrived at Saguenay late in autumn — ending the voyage amid the snow and ice which abound in that region. Thus, two-thirds of a year were consumed in making the preliminary drawings. Mr. Perham, the Proprietor of the Mirror, exhibited this painting in Boston for the period of eighteen months, and during that time brought into the city of Boston from various parts of New England and Canada, over 200,000 people, in railroad and steamboat excursion parties. During the same time he arranged and successfully carried through excursion parties from Boston to New York, Washington, also to Niagara Falls, Montreal, and Quebec. Mr. Perham is, in fact, the father of the cheap excursion system in thib . entry, and by his enterprise and liberality many thousands have enjoyed the pleLsures of travel, and obtained much useful knowledge of their own country, as well as greatly benefiting the cities in which he has been located, by this great influx of visitors. The following from the Boston Evening Traveller, gives a portion of the business transactions in this line : — ^"^ ' v . .^ -• A *• ^ f**^. i v; i^*/ VHPRBOIDENTBI) 8V00B8I. The following list of partiea that have visited " The Seven Mile Mirror," of the Lakes, Niagara, St. Lawrence, ond Saguenay Rivers, now exhibited at the Mulodoon, during a period of llttlo more than one mouth, will serve to show what can be done by a man who has the genius to do it. These are parties brought in by extra trains on the railroads from country towns, and do not include any of those who have seen the Mirror at the regular exhibitions in the evening or on the afternoons of Wednesday and Saturday, nor t!te 78 'chools which during the same period have been aocommuduted with extra exhibitions. Taking this into view, the necessity of having so many exhibi- tions a-day, amounting some days to seven, is accounted for, and the estimate that 60,000 persons have seen this painting during the past month, is relieved of extravagance. We are mistaken if ttiisis not a little the tallest sucoesa on record. '({ ;^^vw-^-" t; >**'. j. —• >t»i' r. iSjt -' ■ »*».)-( !i»*fl.*! r I Ji "- -"^'-111 ■' '"iiri Mile Ifirror," ' exhibited at • will senre to t- Thete are towns, aad do ar exhibitions I'l nor tlie 78 ed with extra many exhibi- theestiuate hi is relieved ist success on >r, with the •tboro', 700; . 600; New. th and East ^ party), 900; ad Mllbnry, 900; South .300; Wey. Manchester, vich, 1,000; >d Warren, 3.300. ^ion in this is thought to that of informed •mpshlre, > persons, 3tf ■*::'■' f i" PICTORIAL TOUR. \ "r.l , ,1 . .„ '' ult . : ■»(( lo TuK scenery selected for this Mirror commences on Lake Erie, and includes the Niagara Biver with its stupendous cat- aract, Lake Ontario, the mighty St. Lawrence, and the dark, wild, and mysterious Sagucnay. In addition to the attractions which the bold and romantic scenery on this route possesses for the lover of the beautiful and picturesque, the painting exhibits the most interesting portion oftho boundary between the United States and Ganada, including the entire range of scenery on both shores, from Lake Erie to the Gulf of the St Lawrence near the Atlantic Ocean, and teems throughout with historical associa- tions of the highest interest. The extent of the country em- braced in this painting being so vast, and being truly a terra incognita to many of our readers, a brief geographical descrip- tion of the groat Lakes forming the source of the St. Lawrence, and a slight sketch of the United Provinces of Upper and Low- er Ganada, will not be deemed inappropriate, before describing seriatim the subjects as they appear on the Ganvas. THE LAKES. The most striking peculiarity of this part of North America is its immense lakes, which, in respect to depth and extent of surface, have no equals on the face of the earth. Lake Superior is the largest of these inland seas, and without exception, the most extensive body of fresh water in the world ; being about 1,500 miles in circumference. In shape it is an irregular cres- cent, and its lengtli is nearly 400 miles. Its surface is elevat- ed 625 feet above the level of the sea, and its mean depth is 900 feet. More than 220 rivers and streams pour into it their waters from the surrounding mountains. % Lake Huron, the second in magnitude of this great chain of lakes, receives the surplus waters of Lake Superior by St. Mary's Channel. Its circumference is supposed to be nearly 1,000 miles, and the depth is estimated at from 900 to 1,000 feet. Near its northwestern point a narrow strait connects it with f ■ I I ^b- ."S. Lake Michigan, which is entirely included in the United States. Bj Lake St. Glair and the Detroit River, Lake Iluron commu- nicates with'Lake Erie, whoso circumference is about 600 mllo«. This, in a commercial point of view, ranks as the most import ant of the whole chain of lukos ; possessing the most extensive channels of inland communication in the world. Bjr means of the Erie Oanal it connects with the Hudson river and the At- lantic Ocean ; and by the Ohio Cannl, with the Ohio and Mis- sissippi rivers and the Qulf of Mexico. The Welland Oanal, also, on the Canadian side, forms a ship channel for vesselH to pass through to Lake Ontario, and thence by the river St. Law- rence to the ocean. . Vwf rt/l't '.*■' T, CANADA. * This province derives its name from the Iroquois word Kan- ata, which signifies a village or collection of huts. It extends from Qaspe, in the cast, to Sandwich, at the end of Lake Erie, in the wost. On the west, its shores are washed by Lake Hu- ron ; on the south-enst, by Lakes Eric and Ontario, and by the St. Lawrence as fur as the boundary of tke 45th parallel of latitude. From thence, the great river St. Lawrence flows through the center of the province, and contributes as a votive offering to the ocean, half ihe/resh water on the surface of the globe ! The above brief description will, it is presumed, be sufficient to convey to the unlravelod spectator an adequate idea of the great inland seas of America which form the source of the mighty river whose shores this moving mirror illustrates. Wc beg leave to call the attention of those who are about to accom- pany us through these romantic regions, to some historical aud statistical particulars connected with the various spots depicted, which will add much to the interest of the pictorial journey. THE CITY OF BUFFALO Is beautifully situated, at the eastern end of Lake Erie and near the entrance of the Niagara river. The harbor is formed by a creek, which crosses the southern portion of the city and is separated fmm the Lake by a peninsula. A breakwat er 1,500 feet in length, projects into the Lake, at the extremity of which is situated a substantial liglithowse. ^ -\ ka«lHlllMMMIMHrd A'an- extends iko Erie, •ake IIu- d bj tljo ralJel of !e flows ft votive ^e of the ifficient of the of the I. Wo accom- :al aud picted, fiey. ^jf- J" ••>»'■>• and irmed rand 1,600 i'hich 'i *.. 1 Sixty yuan ago, the Sonoca nation owned the entire western portion of the State of New- York, and the right of preemption belonged to the State of Massachusetts. Oliver Phelps pur- chased his right in 1787, and in June, 1788, he mot the Senocas at l^iffulo, and concluded a treaty, by which they conveyed to him the territory lying between the preiimption line and the Genesee river, and a strip of land on the west bank of the river, twelve miles wide and about twenty miles in depth from itK mouth. This acquisition is now known as Phelps' and 6or- ham*s purchase. At this time we have no record of any white man inhabiting this region. La Uochefaucold Lianconrt, a French nobleman, visited this place, then known as Lake Erie, in 1705, and speaks of an itin, where he was obliged to sleep on the floor in his clothes, and in which there was neither " furni- ture, refreshment, rum, candles, or milk." The village rapidly rose into consequence a short time after this, when it w^as sud- denly doomed to destruction. On 30th December, 1813, tlio IJritish, to avenge the burning of Kingston, crossed the river at Black Hock, and took and burned it, in spite of the gallant re- sistance oflerod by the inhabitants. So complete was the destruc- tion that only two dwellings were left unconsumed. The re- building of the place was not commenced Imtil 1815. The population, in 1811, was estimated at 600 ; in February, 1848, it was carefully enumerated, and found to be over 40,000 ; so that in 1850 it will probably contain 50,000 souls. The act incorporating the city of Buffalo was passed April 20th, 1832; but it may date its great and increasing jn-osperity from the completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825. Though a brief space has elapsed since the first settlement took jlftfe, its comiuerce and consequent opulence have increased to such a degree that it may be confidently believed that Buftulo is destined to bo one of the greatest cities of the Union. She well merits the ap- pellation of the " Queen City of the Lakes?'' #'' Having completed our view of Buffialo, we must take leave of the beautiful Lake, and enter the renowned Niagara River, which is the outlet of Lake Erie; and, instead of sailing down the river and viewing one shore only, we will land at Fort Erie, on the Canadian shore, and walk along the banks the whole length of the river, thirty-three rnile^, which will bring ns to '% 4 I • Ik 8 Lake Ontario. By adopting this method, we gain the import- ant point of enabling the spectator to view both the American and Canadian shores, with the beautiful river flowing between them, and all embraced in one view. It is true, the walk will be somewhat lengthy ; and in many places we shall be compel- led to encounter severe fatigue and imminent danger, some- times descending, at other times climbing, the rugged sides of cliffs from two to five hundred feet above the bed of the river, and clinging to shrubs or twigs, and assisting each other from spots where the foot will hardly find a resting-place. Bemem- ber, while performing tliese feats, we are oflen hanging over the wild and roaring rapids ; but there is no other way of view- ing the Niagara Kiver to advantage, for the reader must bear in mind that no steamboat, or other sailing craft, can or dare venture to descend the angry stream farther than Chippewa landing, which is only twenty miles from Buffalo. We shall of course suffer the penalties of a difficult enterprise ; but even if we had come all the way from Europe to view the natural phenomena of this extraordinary river, the novelty and gran- deur would be sufiicient compensation for the voyage. /' . FORTEEIE. Now a mass of ruins, at the foot of the Lake, and immediate- ly opposite to Buffalo, now comes in full view. It was captured by the Americans, July eSd, 1814. A very strong fortification, belonging to the United States, on a rising ground about a mile and a half north of the city of Buffalo, and half way to Black Kock, is now before the eye, at which place there is an exten- sive stone pier or dam, affording immense water power, and, at the same time, serving as a feeder to the Erie Canal. A steam ferryboat runs from Black Rock to the village of Waterloo, on the opposite shore of Canada. The Erie Canal, crowded with boats containing the rich produce of the western prairies, runs parallel with, and at a short distance from, the banks of the Niagara rver. It is in view from Buffalo to Tonawanda, nine miles, and foi-ms a pleasing and animated feature in the land- scape, especially as its surface is six feet higher than the river, caused by the dun at Black Hock. wtawtiliiwiaihirfJiiWrrlMhMim import- merican , between ' alk will compel- "*, some- sides of le river, er from »emem- ing over of view- U8t bear or dare "ppewa ^e eball ut even natural d gran- icdiate- ptured cation, a mile Black exten- nd, at steam >o, on with runs ' the nine and- ver, . , THE NIAGARA •RIVER, Thirty-three miles long, i8,^^Fort Erie, about a mile wide. It passes through a country ^^R most fertile, and at the same time of the wildest and most^^antic character, and in its short and rapid couree presents the sublime spectacle of all the super- abundant waters of the great Lakes rushing along its narrow channel in one immense body, in its way to join the ocean. The first vessel that aver navigated the inland seas of America, was built by La Salle, a Frencliman, in 1678, at the mouth of a small creek (supposed to be the Cayuga), six miles above the Falls. After many unsuccessful attempts, the vessel, which was of sixty tons burden, ascended the current into Lake Erie, by the com- bined aid of tow-lines and sails, on the 7th August, 1679. They sailed through a lake to which La Salle gave the name of St. Clair, and after encountering a violent storm in Lake Huron, they passed into Lake Michigan, and landed at the mouth of Green Bay. He sent back the vessel laden with rich furs, valued ut 60,000 livres, in charge of the pilot and five men ; but they never reached the Niagara, and were supposed to have foundered in Lake Hurou. The sloop Detroit, of seventy tons, built in 1796, was the first vessel bearing the American flag upon Lake Erie ; and, in 1818, the first steamboat, " "Walk in the "Water," was built at Black Kock; at which time the whole number of vessels on the upper Lakes consisted of thirty sail. Descending the Niagara, we come to Grand Island, belong- ing to the United States ; a splendid tract of land covered with noble forest trees. The white oak here is considered to be of superior quality for shipbuilding. CHIPPEWA Is twenty miles below^ Buffalo, and two miles above the Falls; it IB situated at the mouth of a creek, which is navigable about eight miles, to the "Welland Canal. This village is noted for the sanguinary battle which was fought on 5th July, 1814, on the plains, a short distance from the landing. The American forccg were commanded by Major General Brown, the English by Major General Riall, who was defeated with considerable loss. The night before the battle, the American army crossed the bridge, and encamped oy the shattered old house shown in the '■'t \\ foreground of this painting.' ^I^Btt^^^^ entire ground where this desperate and bloody battlai^^pought, is depicted on the canvas. One of the corner P^^^V the house aforesaid was carried away by a cannon shot fiWiroy the patriots or sympathiz- ers while in possession of Navy Island, which is directly opposite. We have here the celebrated /S'^afer House, in which a man was killed, by a cannon shot fired by the same force, whilst lying in bed. Many shots were fired through this house and barn, by the soi-disant patriots, although it was well known that a quiet and respectable family occupied it. Also the ruins of the Eng- lish batteries are seen, and the abutments of the bridge which crossed the Chippewa Creek, and which was destroyed by the British, in ISli, to prevent the Americans from crossing. A railroad extends from Chippewa to Queenston, a distance of ten miles. Steam navigation ends at Chippewa. HAVY ISLAND, The noted fortress of the patriots in the late insurrection of 1837-8, lies in the immediate vicinity of Chippewa, and near Giand Iblaud, but is inferior to the latter in size and richness of soil. Below this and at Schlosser landing, the river expands to more than two miles in width, but suddenly contracts to less than a mile. Here the Great Rapids commence, the current increasing from five to twenty miles per hour. Noted as the Canadian boatmen are for their intrepidity, they dare not venture farther down. Mrs. Jamieson, in her pleasing work on Canada, thus graphically describes the rapida. "The whole mighty river conies rushing over the brow of a hill ; and, as you look up,, it seems as if coming down to overwhelm you ; then meeting with the rocks as it pours down the declivity, it boils and frets like the breakers of the ocean. Hugh mounds of water, smooth, transparent, and gleaming like an emerald, rise up and bound over some impediment, then break into silver foam, which leaps into the air in the most graceful and fantastic forms." Here the noise of the Falls is distinctly heard, resembling the roar of the sea breaking on the shore ; and a column of mist is ^een hovering over the rapid stream in the distance. Below, the river benas to the east, and is divided by Iris Island, com- monly called Goat Island, leaving, however, by far tlie greater 11 body of water on the Canadian Bide. This island, which divides, and perhaps adds to the beauty and sublimity of the Falls, is three huiid " . and thirty yards wide, and is covered with noble forest tree;- d a luxuriant vegetafon. This isiancl extends to and forms part of the precipice, thuB dividing the cataract into two distinct Falls. Again, the smaller cascade is divided by Prospect Island ; so that the Cataract of Niagara consists of the British or Horse-Shoe Fall, be- tween the Canadian shore and Iris Island ; the Central Fall, be- tween Iris Island and Prospect Island ; and the American Fall, between Prospect Island and the American shore. The width of the first Fall is about 700 yards ; of the second, 20 yards ; and of the third, 330 yards. And the whole breadth of the Cataract, including Prospect and Iris Islands, is rather more than 1,400 yards, from the Canadian to the American side. The perpendicular descent is, at different points, variously es- timated from 158 to 164 feet. The largest portion of the river flows in an almost unbroken sheet over the Horse-Shoe Fall. Many attempts have been made, in prose and verse, by the most talented writers, to describe the ^^Zs ;• These groaning rocks til' Almighty's fingers piled; >*(':, For ages, here His painted bow has smiled, ,^_ . , Marking the changes and the chance of time — Eternal — beautiful — serene — sublime?" The minds of all who behold the mighty cataract for the first time, are agitated by a variety of conflicting emotions. The sound of this immense volume of water descending from a vast height, causes a palpable concussion of the air; the ground trembles beneath the feet, and the scene conjures up strange phantoms in the imagination. Each is affected according to his natural temperament. The bold and ardent youth hears, in the ■■'*■ 12 voice of the resistless flood, the sound of strife and battle — the shouts of the victors and the groans of the dying. The poet beholds visions of unearthly beauty in the wreathing mist, and music, sweet as the harps before the throne of the Eternal, salutes bis ear. But all confess a feeling of awe and veneration, such as is sometimes felt whilst sailing at night upon the track- less ocean. The never-ceasing down-pouring of the mighty flood absorbs all the faculties of the mind, and hours pass un- heeded whilst we stand ruminating over its mysteries. The cloudy column rises by night and day ; the covenant rainbow on its glowing brow shines ever in the sun ; and when the moon's unclouded radiance softens all the scene, still gleams the bow of promise there, lifting our thoughts from earth to heaven, and waking memories full of sweet harmonies, as vesper hymns from some white convent in the distant hills ! In i^\axa parlance^ it is almost impossible to form a concep- tion of the volume of water passing by the Niagara river over the Falls ; yet below Montreal the stream of the St. Lawrence, wliich is a continuation of Niagara, is twice as great as in the neighborhood of the Falls ; and at the mouth of the Saguenay the volume of fresh water, which the great river of Canada rolls towards the sea, is perhaps more than equal to the aggre- gate of all the rivers of the Atlantic coast, from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico ; including even the Missis- sippi, which some writers have gone so far as to name the *' Father of Rivers." In a word, the whole region drained by the St. Lawrence is one of great lakes, numberless fountains, and deep and rapid rivers, never exhausted hy the sun. It has been estimated by Dr. Dwight, that 28,359 tons of water are precipitated over the cataract per second. i t^ % . There are many objects of interest connected with the Falls, which can be merely enumerated, in this pamphlet. At the foo'. of the Canadian Fall a ledge of rock leads into a cavern behind the sheet of water, called the " Cavern of the Winds." The darkness, and the strong wind blowing the spray over the in- truders, render its exploration a diflBcult adventure for weak nerves. The whole region about the Falls, especially below, is unique and full of points of history and wild romance. In the immediate neighborhood, the tourist should visit Niagara mm&sHSM ■Hmm ■aSSwiu 18 Village, on the American shore, the " Burning Springs," and Lundy's Lane Battle Ground, on the Canadian side. That par- ties visiting the Falls may have the means of viewin g them in every possible manner, and to add to the excitement of this already exciting spectacle, a small steamboat, named the " Maid of the Mist," carries a living freight of delighted, and we may add, fear-stricken passengers along the base of the American and Canadian Falls, to be drenched with the spray of the de- scending waters — a sliower-bath on a gigantic scale ! Eeally, as we stand on the Canadian shore and look down a chasm of near two hundred feet upon this audacious little craft loaded with human beings, rolling and pitching in the white-capped surges, and close to the base of the great cataract — at one mo- ment, completely enveloped in clouds of mist — the next, break- ing into view, surrounded by playful rainbows — we wonder at the temerity of those who would incur such risk for the mere pleasure of enjoying a new sensation. ,, , 7 m , On the American side, and just above the cataract, is the pretty village of Niagara Falls, which was laid out in 1805 by Judge Porter, who is the principal proprietor. Here the Cata- ract House, delightfully situated on the brink of the rapids, of- fers excellent accommodation for travelers whilst sojourning at the Falls. On the Canada side, the City of the Falls — and Cliflon Village, a salubrious and pleasant retreat— oflfer great attractions to those in search of health. At the latter place, the celebrated and elegant " Clifton House," with its triple colon- nade, looms up in the foreground ; its numerous guests enjoying a full view of the splendid cataract from the balconies. The road passing in front of this hotel leads directly to the battle- ground of " Lundy's Lane." This battle was one of the most bloody conflicts that occurred during the last war. The gallant General Scott, who has lately gathered fresh laurels in Mexico, participated in the action. General Eiall, of the English army, was captured, and the possession of the battle-ground was stub- bornly contested until near midnight, when, 1,100 men being either killed or woundetl, the conflicting armies, as if by mu- tual consent, ceased the deadly strife, and the bloody field re- mained in the possession of the dead and dying. i I ittw .JlM.^<^*ir■ ,.,i: u THE SUSPENSION BRIDQE. Uu M'i We now approach the Whirlpool Rapids, across whose whirl- ing vortex is thrown a suspension bridge, which is now in view. Its wires — the first having been thrown across by means of a kite — bind the two nations together, as it were ; for they are here the only means of communication with the opposite shore that ingenuity could possibly devise. The cliflfs upon which the towers rest are two hundred and ten feet above the river, and the towers are fifty-two feet above the clifis. The bridge is upheld by nine cables — four on the north, and five on the south side — having a sag of fifty feet, and can sustain a weight of seventy tons. The bridge is only a mile and a half below the Falls. Mr. Charles Elliot was the engineer, and is one of the proprietors. When the drawings were made, only one wire was thrown across the chasm, and the proprietor of the Mirror cross- ed in a car, accompanied by the engineer, from the Canadian to the American shore, and returned — the car being suspended two hundred and thirty-four feet above the level of the river. The length of the span is seven hundred and sixty-two feet. The great Whirlpool beneath, and the single wire above, made the passage very exciting. The river is here pent up between lofty and perpendicular cliff's ; the current, impatient of restraint, rushes between them with lightning speed, until suddenly ar- rested in its headlong career by a bend in the precipitous em- bankment, it is forced completely across the mouth of the outlet ; again and again it is drawn from its course and carried round, until, with frightful efforts, it at length bursts out from the foundations of its prison-house, and dashes forth, with loud and exulting cries, to mingle its waters with Lake Ontario. Trunks ef trees, timbers, and sometimes dead bodies of human beings and animals, are drawn into its vortex, and whirl round in the infernal cauldron in a terrible and mystic dance, until chafed, broken up, and decomposed by the action of the waters, they finally disappear. -. ■^■' — ;• — Let no tourist return from the Falls till he has seen the Whirlpool. He has seen nothing of Niagara river till he has seen that. Seen from the right point of view it is even a greater wonder than the cataract. To make the most of your visit to this scene of unimagined eublimity, commence your walk from ,\ 16 fhirl- )fa are fore M'ch ^er. the Falls on the American side, cross on the Suspension Bridge^ and pass around the northern verge of the Whirlpool to Profile Rock, on the Canada side. Then descend the cliff directly at the right of the Profile Rock quite down to the water. Then view the scene which surrounds you for a moment, afler which jou will pass along near the margin of the flood, leaping from' rock to rock occasionally, till you arrive opposite to the outlet of the Whirlpool. You will there find a large shelving rock six or eight feet above the surface of the water, on which you will please be seated. (It is celebrated as the rock on which Mr. Burr and his companion, Mr. Barnes, sat while taking drawings for the Seven Mile Mirror.) There you have before you truly a wild and awful "hell of waters." Opposite is the majestic Profile Rock and the outlet, with the Devil's Hole in the distance on the right. You may also, if you please, look over head ; and if a few large rattlesnakes should happen to drop from the trees or projecting rocks, two or four hundred feet above you, don't be so frightened as to jump into the Whirlpool, as the Proprietor and his companion came near doing, when two of the reptiles came tumbling down upon them as they were drawing, on this rock, for the Mirror. After satisfying yourself with all that can be seen and felt from this famous rock, return by the way you came — for there is no choice — to the base of Profile Rock, and continue your walk near the margin of the water, down stream, past the Devil's Hole and Hewletti's Cellar, leaping the chasms as you can, till you reach Queenston Heights and Village, only two and a half miles from the Whirlpool ; and you will then have followed exactly the Artist's track in drawing for this portion of his Mirror ; and you will then be able to judge of his labors and diflBculties, and whether it is true that one has seen nothing of the Niagara river till he has seen the Whirlpool. "'•' Half a mile below the Whirlpool, a dark chasm in the pre- cipitous bank meets our view. This is known as the " DsviVs Hole." A small stream, called the Bloody Run, empties into this fearful gulf. It is memorable as the scene of a dreadful tragedy. In 1750, during the war with the French, a supply of provisions and ammunition was sent from FortNiagarato Fort Schlosser, escorted by one hundred British soldiers. As no sus- picion was entertained of any hostile force being in the vicinity, I / >< '% i ■ i ■■,M i't 16 the men marched listloBsly and eecnrelj by the side of the pon- derous wagons. On arriving at the " Devil's Hole," a tremendous Tolley was suddenly poured into them, and the terrifio yell# of several hundred Seneca Indians, allies of the French, drowned even the roar of Niagara. The knife, rifle, and tomahawk did their work on the panic-stricken escort before they had time to defend themselves. The red warriors finished by throwing over the bank, horses, wagons, and dying soldiers. Only two of the British party escaped. The little stream ran crimson with human gore, and thus obtained its cognomen. Two miles below the "Whirlpool, Hewletti's Cellar, a most singular natural excavation in the rock, fifteen feet below the top of the bank, is worthy of examination. The country now exhibits a series of abrupt and elevated ridges, called Qukenston Heights, the banks on both sides reaching an altitude of seven hundred feet, supposed to have been the site of the Falls in former ages. This place is also celebrated as being the scene of a deadly contest between the American and British forces, October 13, 1812. The Ame- ricans were commanded by General Solomon Van Jienaselae?', and both the troops and their commander distinguished them- selves by their bravery, though finally overpowered by numbers. General Brock^ the British commander, was killed while leading on his men. A monument erected to the memory of this brave soldier, who was respected even by his foes, stands on a lofty and commanding situation. It is now, however, shattered and defaced. In April, 1840, some pitiful scoundrel attempted to destroy it with gunpowder, and partially succeeded. This monu- ment, and the tree under which General Brock breathed his last, are prominent objects in this picture. At the foot of the height is the romantic village of Qceenston, where the Niagara again becomes navigable. On the opposite cr American shore is Lewis- ton. The shores now suddenly descend to nearly the level of the river, and a verdant plain extends to Lake Ontario. Still further down, you approach the town of Niagaba. It contains many fine buildings, and has a population of about four thousand per- sons. Here is a large dock-yard, with marine railway and foundry, where have been built most of the steamers now navi- gating Lake Ontario. It was formerly called Newark, and was burnt by the American forces under General McClure, in 1813. f the pon- ^niendouA ydU of drowned awk (lid d time to ing over ''oof tlic ^ human low tJie avation 'orthy of ruptand on both osed to place is )etween e Arae- I them- ambers, leading 3 brave a Joftj ed and >ted to monii- is last, height again jcwis- ofthe irther nanj 1 per- and lavi- was 813. IT Fort Oeorge is seen first above the town, dismantled and in ruin" Fort Massaaauga guards the outlet of the river, on the Can'-.!, in side ; and on the opposite shore the Americans have a strong fort, called Fort Niagara^ over whoso ramparts the French, English, and American flags have waved in succession ; and between these grim and frowning sentinels wo enter ' lAKEONTAEIO, ' Called " The Bcautiful^'^ which is five hundred miles round ; the length measuring three times the breadth, and its surface being 231 feet above the level of the Atlantic. The largest ships may sail throughout the whole extent. In many parts, a line of six hundred feet has not reached the bottom : owing to this great depth, it never freezes, except where the water is shallow along the shore. We are now upon the sparkling waves of this magnificent Lake ; and steering to the westward, along the Canadian shore, we pass Port Dalhousie^ the entrance of the Welland Canal. This canal is a work of great magni- tude, constructed in the most substantial manner, at the expense of the British government. It is twenty-eight miles long, has twenty-two locks of granite, and ships and propellers of about 500 tons burthen can thus pass and repass from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie ; which makes ship navigation complete from the head of the great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. Continuing our voyage westward, we approach the flourishing CUT OF HAMILTOir, Which contains about 7,000 inhabitants, standing on Burling- ton Bay, and situated at the head of the Lake. No place in Canada is more distinguished for commercial enterprise. In the rear of Hamilton is a range of heights, a continuation of the ridge from Queenston Heights, and supposed to have been for- merly the boundary of Lake Ontario in this direction. Erom this point is seen Dundren Castle., the seat of Sir Allen McNab, well known in Canadian history. Our course now takes u* down the Lake towards the northeast, the shores exhibiting scenery of a pleasant and pastoral character ; and the pretty ;: • v,.., . ,, ,, CITY OF TORONTO _<^f " Meets our view. It is distant forty-two miles from Hamilton, contains about twenty-five thousand inhabitants, and is the third 2 »•• k'lil f'l (I ■i I ' ii: I 18 place in point of population in Canada. It is deligbtfull j situ- ated on a bay formed by a low, sandy peninsula called Gibral- ter Point, and has the only natural harbor to bo found on the Canadian sido of the Lake. In 1793, Gov. General Sinicoo caused this harbor to bo surveyed, and founded the town, then ealled Little York. Two Indians of the Massasauga tribo wore at that time in quite possession, and myriads of wild fowl •rowded the waters of the bay. In 1813, General Piko, with a ■mallbody of Americans, captured and burned it ; General Pike being killed by the explosion of a magazine. After the peace it was rebuilt, and the name was changed to the old Indian word Toronto — signifying " The Place of Council^ It is a rapidly rising place, thoroughly English in appearance, and veil paved and lighted ; the houses and public buildings are eonstructed in a substantial and elegant manner. The towns of Poet Hope, Coburo, and other places of less note, are now shown on the painting ; and Snake Island meets the view, situated in mid-channel. You have a view of the large penitentiary of the Province, as you approach KIHQSTON. This city presents a most imposing appearance from the Lake, surrounded by martello towers and fortifications, lately erect- ed, at an immense cost, by the British government. It is pleaa- antlj situated at the foot of the Lake, one hundred and eighty miles from Hamilton, on the site of Fort Frontenac^ which wa« built by the French, in 1672. On a high rocky ridgo, forming the east side of Navy Bay, and extending half a mile into the Lake is Fori Henry, a place of great strength, commanding the tity, the harbor, and all the approaches to them, both by land and water. The Bideau^Canal^ a most important work, which eemmences at Bytown^ on the River Ottawa, terminates here, after a course of over one hundred miles. Steamboats and ether craft were by this means enabled to ascend from the St. Lawrence, avoiding the several rapids ; but the completion of the several canals around the rapids of the St. Lawrence, has de- prived the Jiideau of much of its former business. Kingston was chartered as a city in 1840, and now containi •rer 12,000 inhabitants. It possesses, besides several other fiae publio buildings, a splendid Town Bali and Markety — and, s&aMlMiid) tfullj git,,, led Gibral- fnd on the I'll Sinicoe [own, then pribo Wore 7iU] fowl with a 'o«-al Pike |tho peace Indian It is a nee, and ^ngs are s of Jeas 'd meeta of the >e Lake, y erect- 8 plea«- eightj ich Wat •rming to the ngtht ' land which here, I and leSt. n of sdo- aing ther ind, 19 Bext to Quebec and Halifax, is considered thostrongost militarj position in North America. '* '' ■ - v -• • .- n- Lcaving Kingston, we now enter npon tho great EIYER ST. LAWRENCE. And hero let the reader remember, that this river really hail its source seven hundred miles northwost of Lake Superior, in the Lake of Woods, whence it flows through a long chain of lakes, before it expands successively into the immense fresh water seas of Superior^ Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Below Kingston it regains the character of a river, and continues in an uninterrupted course to the Atlantic Ocean. Floating along the stream, which is here from twelve to fifteen miles wide, wo find ourselves surrounded by the THOUSAITD ISLANDS. ' r The largest are from eight to twelve miles in length, and tlireo to five miles in breadth ; the smallest not an acre in ex- tent. Though this extensive group bears the name of the Thousand Ides, there are more than 1,500 of them, forming a perpetual succession of the most romantically beautiful and picturesque objects that can be imagined. The traveler is ■pell bouud,'whilst viewing these matchless combinations of »««k, wood, and water : — , . ,• " Huil, Lake of Thousand Isles! "f Which clustered lio within thy circling arms, ■ ., Their flower-strewn shores kissed by the silrer tidel As fair art thou as aught That ever in the lap of nature lay." ' ' Trarburton,in his Ilochelaga, ti^us describes his impressiooA whilst gazing on this fairy scene : — / - . " Kow we are among the mazes of the ' Thousand Islands,* and pass so close to some of them that we can pull the learei from the bending boughs of the trees, as the merciless wheels •f the steamer dash to atoms their beautiful reflection in the mirror of the calm, blue water. The eye does not weary to see, but the band aches in ever writing the one word, beauty ; wherever you steer over this great river — befluty, beauty still.'* As we emerge from this scene of enchantment, the river con- fracfs to about two miles in width. The scenery is constantly ^thanging ; at one moment, white, cultivated fields and rura ■0] i' -'; f settlements appear ; at the next, feature« of bold outline impart a grandeur and variety tu tlie river and its shores, possossod by no other stream in an equal degree. Descending, tlic small village of Oan&nnof/ uiiwooiA our view, and UW^'« Inland, belonging to the United States, is also passed. In 1838, this island was the scone of a daring act of piracy. The British steuinor " Sit lio- hert Peel" whilst stopping to wood, was boarded at midnight by a band of armed men, wlio, after ordering the captain, crew, and passengers ashore, robbed the vessel of everything valuable, and set her on lire. The celebrated Jiill Johnson was suspected to be the leader of the gang. Leaving this scone of outrage, wo arrive at Bkockvim.e, one of the prettiest towns in Canada. The houses are built with considerable taste, and the scenery thej command is exquisite. Below, the small village oi Maitland is seen ; and we arrive at PREHcorr, which is a town of some importance, possessing a population of some 4,000 inhabitants. Fort Wellington, strongly garrisoned, commands the river. Windmill Point, one mile below Prcscott, is a spot made mem- orable during the late rebellion. In November, 1838, a body c-f American sympathizers, under the command of a Pule named Yon Schultz, landed at this spot to aid the patriots. They took possession of the windmill and some stone houfics, and defended themselves, fighting desperately, for some time ; but the British forces, bringing some cannon to bear upon them, rendered their position untenable, and the survivors were compelled to surren- der. The leaders suffered death on the gallows, as pirates ; the others were sentenced to transportation for life to Van Diemen's Land, but have since been pardoned by Queen Victoria. The "windmill und roofless houf^cfs, shattered by the artillery, give fearful evidence to the spectator of the murderous conflict which there took place. Immediately opposite to Prescott, and con- nected with it by a ferry, is Ogdemsburoh (which, with Pres- cott, the windmill, &c., all come in full view on this great painting), situated at the mouth of the Oaicegatchie River ; and ; 9it appears to be a bustling, go-ahead town, we will request the reader to land with us, and take a bird's-eye ^ i.fw uf the whole city. The rising sun lights up the various stixe^ fis'd the snng dwellings with bandeome flo\ver-gard( > <■ 'uc'od. Even at this early hour, the mills and factories appear to be in fuU operation ; th« venders of milk are serving their customers ; fi.iinastllHi.ft. iMrni^ IW ■«!■ •V »npart« «d by no ' village nging to Was tlio ndnigUt "» crew, spectod "go, wo a. The ry thoj f Some ^'tnrite. river. > niora- 'odv(,f lainod J' fooJc 'ended British I tlieir irren- ; the non's Tile give liich cou- rea- eat ind est d. SI the population are nil v ir, and the whole place hastho appear* ance of thriving induntry and prosperity, which stampi it at belonging to Uncle 8atn*t)di)ininiotiM. Once mure we are upon the hoHoni of the nohio river; and confiding in the ukill of an experienced ])ilot, we fuarl* -ly bravo the " Gallop Kapidb,'* and, hurried through the plunging, foaming billows, find our- Helves again in smooili waiir. A surregtictn of those danger- ous rapids extends at intorvu!^ lirom this yuAnt to a little above Montreal', ull of them arc, however. i*vijsfable by steamerH de- scending; but ascending, tlioy are obliged to pass through a deries of Canals^ which have beci constructed all along the shores of the river, in order to avoid these rapids. Steam pro- pe'lorr, and other craft, freighted with the produce of the Far WvAt, are enabled to make their transit by the canalti fn)m J :" ;. Superior to the St. Lawrence, and thence across thv At- lantic to Europe. The incmonse cratlts of timber which float down this great river, and through the surging rapids, on their way to Montreal and Quebec, are objects of wonder and admir- ation to all strangers. Whilst drifting down some uninterrupted reach, several rafls, attached to each other by brackets operating on the p''inciple of a swivel, form one immense raft, often a milo in length. On arriving at the commencement of the rai Js, tho rafts dissolve partnership, and the hardy lumberers p y their long sweeps with desperate energy until the danger is massed. Yet it often happens that, in spite of their skill, the pon ierous mass of timber is dashed with resistless force against the rocks hidden by the foam of the boiling surges, or islands that inter- sect the furious current of the river. Many poor fellows m oot a watery grave ; whilst the logs of timber and the sawn lumber, on which so much labor has been eikpcnded, become the booty of river pirates, always on the alert for such disasters. A ^ eat variety of these rafts in diflbrent situations are faithfully j)or- trayed on the painting which this book is intended to acci lu- pany. As I have occasionally mentioned particular objects, as appearing on tho painting, it may be proper to state bat t lo whole range of scenery, including almost every object and place, however minute, on both shores from Lake Erie to t.ie Atlantic Ocean, is depicted with the same care and truthful- ne>*s as those to which I make particular allusion. The country is now of a quietly undulating character ; cheer- y'/ ill I ful villages and green clearings diversify the scenery. Gliding ■" by Matilda 's Landing, one of the entrances of the St. Lawrence Canal, we pass successively the villages of Eut and West WU- liamsburg^ and then for several miles are carried through the dangerous rapids of the Long Sault. Cornwall, a town of Bomo importance, containing about 2,000 inhabitants, and situ- ated at the lower end of the St. Lawrence Canal, is seen ; and four miles below, on the American side of the river, we corao to the -Indian village of St, Eegu, which is on the line of 4* degrees, north latitude. Part of this village is in Canada and part in the United States, the dividing line being accurately drawn on the foreground of the Panorama ; the liiver St, Lawrence be- low this point, being entirely in Canada, Here, on a small por- tion of the hunting grounds of their once powerful nation, is to be found a settlement of the Iroquois. Many of the men ob- tain a precarious subsistence by hunting; the women make mitts, baskets, and moccasins. The Indian boys are expert swimmers; and, during the summer season, visitors often put their skill to the test by throwing a piece of money into the riv- er from the steamboat landing, when half a dozen of the little copper-colored urchins will dive in after it, generally succeeding in catching it almost before it reaches the bottom, although sometimes compelled to dive the depth of ten or twenty feet. Passing the lighthouse, we enter an expansion of the river thirty miles in length and seven in breadth, called Zake St. Francis. On the shore may be observed a large cairn, or pile of stones, raised by the Koyal GLingarry Highlanders in honor of Sir John Colbome, formerly Governor General of Canada. Lancasteb, another convenient steamboat landing, is now before us. It is connected by a road with thte celebrated Caledonia Springs, thirty miles distant. The dividing line of the two provinces crossed, we now arrive at the village of Couteau du Lac, in Low- er Canada^ or Canada East, as it is generally designated by the Canadians. A few miles further, the village of the Cedars is pas- sed, and here we behold the mighty St. Lawrence pent into seve- ral narrow channels, among wooded islands, and rushing fiercely along over its rocky bed ; — nothing can exceed the exciting spec- tacle of the Cedar Rapids, with its frantic billows capped with snowy plumes. The islands which obstruct the current of the river are perfect gems of beauty. Nature, in one of her love- I mammm M liest freaks has sprinkled tl)em with flowers, wreathed them with vires, and the flowering shrubs and trees drop their leavei and dip tlieir branches and buds in the angry tide, as if to depre- cate its wrath. Passengers on the deck of the passing steamer may often be seen pluckingthem from the branches. Steamboati pass down these rapids, though not without risk, as may be im- agined, when the rapid current sweeps them close to rocks and islands, which, if touched, would insure destruction. Latterly, however, the route has been rendered more safe by the discovery of a channel, which, it is said, was used long ago by the French voyageurs. In the Cedar and Cascade Jiapids there is a difler- ence of sixty feet in the elevation in about sixteen miles, and the immense body of water rushes down at the rate of from twenty to thirty miles per hour. To ascend against this current would be impossible; therefore vessels of every description pass through the Beauharnois Canal^ which commences at the village of that name, sixteen miles below. In the year 1759, when Gen. Am- Tierst entered Canada, his advanced guard, of about 300 ^en, embarked above the Cedars ; the intention was to float down and take up a position on the opposite side of the river. Perhaps these dangerous channels were but little known, or the pilot played them false — none survi . ed as accusers ; the next day the lifeless bodies of the British soldiers^ clothed in the well-known red, floating past Montreal^ gave the first notice of invasion. Leaving behind us the Cascade Rapids^ and passing the light- house, we find ourselves upon the bosom of the calm and glassy Lake St. Louis, another expansion of the Biver St. LawrencSf two and a half miles wide at this point. Here the St. Lavyrence receives an important accession, by the influx of one branch of the great Rivee (Jttawas or Ottawa, from the northwest. Iti immense volume of water (which is probably fully equal to the Ohio River), is discharged into the St. Lawrence through three separate and distinct channels, the last of which is about twenty miles below Montreal, its yellow, clay-colored water forming a striking contrast where it mingles with the pure blue water of the St. Lawrence. The scenery along the entire length, owing to the numerous falls and cascades, is extremely romantic. A few miles above this embouchure of the Ottawa, is situated the village of St. Anne. It owes its existence and support to the contributions of the Canadian voyageurs, who never omit to ^i '.t/j !:| II H pay thoir ofluriDgs at the shrino of St. Anne, their tutelar saint, before engaging in any enterprise. Tiiis gave rise to the Cana- dian Boat Song of Moore : — tv ' I . '. 1 :>^' wt, •'Faintly as tolls the evening chime, '* "-■-""'<' Our voices keep tune, and our oars keep time ; , ^ ,, ; , > Soon ns the woods on shore look dim, * tf^. The rnpida are near and the daylight's past." &c., dtc. Many who never have soon and never will see the "-Uttawas' tide " have sung in cadence to its murmuring, till it has become almost a household word. I!^ either the Hudson, Mississippi, nor Ohio, can boast of such charming scenery as is seen on the Otta- wa. Continuing down the Lake, we arrive at the Iroquois settle- ment of Caughnawa" and «Me-waIt and,? T*''"^'" "'e ".iddle olT'°f ' Sore, ladies floe stalufof ,h„ °°""'^ "f « eto„e ooluZ *""• "'» '"o" ie determinM t ■ ^ "o great rirer m?i j iV "'ore was a discovered atrt-f' '■" l-eatof i,. ^IT' ?'"=''^'''«». and "•oh oomSouT '^'°''" ''o'ongingTolT"''"" ™^agehe Montreal. Si«y-eiZ ^^'''' ''""'oh time hi i ^^ "^ ^^■«^'.earsaWds,.::^:j'-^o<,^ I i .31: ■ r^^d^'"«» are n^erzeg, tie r^Sm and '? ^o^ms the ''^^«» on the ,""%, Triti rards of a ^aiued at ^^8 saved, ^as saved I® 8ti*eets. 'ce, and is «»«," and ''e,Jadies r on the Every. [80 tena- centorj- 'anners. ^eJJaa "J- eJe- '^endid *, has e eie- 'tants Aero ^ya t, of I'ng: sa nd le s: if ) If Bpeaking of Canada, reported that the " village of Hochalaga Tvas now no more." But in the year 1640, several persons, full of religious zeal, formed themselves into a society for the purpose of colonizing the island of Mont Royal. The king of France ceded to this association the whole island, and Monsieur Maisonnenve was appointed governor, 17th June, 1642. The spot selected for the city was consecrated by the superior of the Jesuits ; tha *' Queen of Angels" was supplicated to take it under her pro- tection, and it was named after her, " La Ville Marie." In 1644, the whole of this beautiful domain, which, on account of its fer- tility, is called the garden of Canada, became the property of the St. Sulpicians of Paris, and was by them afterwards con- veyed to the Seminary of the same order at Montreal, in whose possession it now remains. At the conquest of Canada by Great Britain, in 1760, the property and revenues of the seignories, and all estates belonging to existing religious institutions, wer« guaranteed to the possessors. The terms iu favor of the French residents were faithfully and even liberally fulfilled by the British government. Civil and religious liberty was granted to the Canadians, and great forbearance and generosity were displayed by the captors to the conquered. The Canadians were so gratified with the change which they experienced in coming under the British rule, that when George II. died, in 1760, all the French in Canada, of any distinction, went into mourning. "Within the last half-cen- tury many capitalists from England and Scotland have settled at Montreal, and have infused a vigor and energy into it which is perceptible in its extended commerce and in the improve- ments which are daily taking place. The completion of the line of canals, opening to Montreal the trade of the western country, has also added to its wealth and importance. Leaving Montreal on our passage to Quebec, we have a fine view, on the right hand, o^St. Helen's Island ; its pleasant green slopes and shady glens affording delightful situations for pic- nic parties, of which the citizens of Montreal frequently avail themselves in summer. On our left, we are passing a quarter of the city called the Quebec /Suburbs. It contains several buildings of note — the Military Hospital, the New Jail, and Molson's Brewery, an immense range of stone buildings, almost ^t^mnxm* '""» b^W W ': r-"" "^"'^ porter bre^„ • "■» ™bo,,i„l7j *; >«. 'io «; bK^- «" ""•» road "■"""i^, and ^olj r?"' "ffloer h^J," "'«'i during C^^ol'^, just pSr ""^ » P-''^ o?X l"° ';""'"»" i» "ion ttey were TnZ^ "T"'""'' ^^'e re „1?°^"' ^^ """•''J jr. "to fired UDol ,r "'"^ ''^ » '«'«o bod!^'"^ '"Monlre.I, '^-"^ Which bne-T.^"" « '■"•SedL"'/™'" P»«a"t.' J'-'-M and Zwtl'"' "^- Several Of ,f°"' ''»'""d the i! ''"'"^ »f ^«-^l" ^ -"^i 'tore pa ">"™^ '"^ the sonth shore fhL-,, °^ and /'«•«,„„ PJ? '" '"ccession ■^^od/onor^orvoC "/ * ^'WsJ """"^ ■»•«■>■=)> P«»««d, each wfir^fi*"^ '"««'•• ViCeaft! 'T'^'°g the •'.''■■'=« of ,h„ ,™' ■'» P'c«.,ros,„e church T/ ^f^' " now «' y. "Ppear to boon '° ^^'"^ and 2M ^',"'' ""> »iole "■«■ tie White coL" "T"'""^ v'«a«, bel ? ''''»'' «■«. '""P'e /5«J*„« T?1; "'""•ches, and kn!^t.l"''°'''^ <'<"ted »« iis oostolT a?!™""'' Canadian remJ'' "">""■« of the ■nates no im^ *'^'* *« fcrefal^i^ "'™ '" «>i8 dar i„ «Pa™ to his .1,.^" '■'» saint's day "f ^. c '""^ <"■ ife ancesto«. DnrtaT "'''''' ■"""■od Z'thl ,^' Sabbath, he "■» anows of w&:'""»'''«»»'''Vateshrr;'-^'^''' •■« P»""oe,andaccoZ •""■ "» oarth her "'' ^ and when '"'"' and, seatedT"!!'' '"''"« happw' f."™'''^' Us )iea" "rle of a'p^t cl? "^ """■'• Jarge sonar, f' "^"^ '"' neigh P»ess,an,„Zi?^°J'Passeshis\ ^"t'^«^>'e», n>ade in t '"spitable, coate„r^ f''''''''alesof"zr^^'" ^''■'■ngsin hap. ^"'-'/d;-:: 'bt'a^ aslsfor no t^*^'--" »nd, -^e he I his iien 'ttle g-h- lie ;p- d. 29 ed with the pilgrim's cross, which may bo seen for many miles, imparts a grandeur to the scene. This cross wae erected by the Bishop ot'Nancy ; it is made of timber, 100 feet high, and cov- ered with tin, which, in the dry atmosphere of tiiis country, al- ways retains it brightness; and many a pious hahitan devoutly crosses himself when he beholds this emblem of his faith shining like burnished gold in the rays of the setting sun. Fifteen miles further on the same side, the St. Lawrence receives the liichelieu Jiiver, which issues from Lake Champlain^ and flow* for about seventy miles through a fertile country. Flourishing settlements, neat and populous villages, and handsome churches adorn its banks nearly the whole length. Near its junction with the St. Lawrence is the pretty village of WiUiam Henry, or Sorel, 80 called on account of its being built on the site of old jFort WiUiam Henry. This is a military station, the commander-in- chief generally residing here. It is rapidly increasing in trade and importance, and numbers about 3,000 inhabitants, princip- ally British. The American army occupied the old Fort, in 1786, on their retreat from Quebec, after the death of Mont- gomery. Continuing through a cluster of wooded islands, we enter Lake St. Peter, which is merely another expansion of the mighty river, to about 16 miles in width and 25 in length. The water is shallow, and of a great variety of tints. It is surrounded by a fine agricultural country, while the scenery along the banks is rather flat and monotonous. Two substan- tial light-ships mark the ship channel, which is very intricate. The English government has expended nearly a million of dol- lars for deepening and improving the channel, rendering navi- gation for ships of a large class safe and easy to Montreal, a dis- tance of 530 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. At the termina- tion of the Lake, the river again rapidly contracts to its usual width, resumes its dignified deportment, and with constantly in- creasing volume, continues on its pilgrimage to the ocean. Here, exactly half way between Montreal and Quebec, we approach the old town of the Three Rivers — old for the western world ; for it was settled by the French in 1618. It is pleasantly situ- ated on the western bank of the river, at its confluence with the River St Maurice, which enters the St Lawrence by three sep- arate channels. Two islands, connected by substantial bridges. il I t f the /?;.*», (fpoirr"'"'^ «'i«»i '"turn ?, 7; »"7 rise, assominff » ]„«,• ■; -*««««, the sborea or.T^' eye-the v;„; bounded Ll'T''"""' """''nuan/Zb i amongst whici, «,„ rail . °'°/''<' '»%»onnlafnr?' ' • dangerons pIace7"o!.'',°l ''°''°''"'' "'''""O'l beacons m ,K bants of the'rifeH 'v?;"" -"'-«nt oalledTr^*"^^' from 100 to 300 feet and IoIT" ^''^''''•^-^'^r^Z^^ ».»oen„e. On .be sou h sidTt^ of ''.■"""'' '"^'oricalZi a beautiful rapid, four mfi ', f "■°.^'^«*<»'« Jiiver nsbJT '-g amidst tL wnde"t t^^'»''«■»o«th,dasl,i„™;„;^^^^^^^^ •equesteredrallevs T ' '!°<'<'-««>«'ned cliff and m • " gi-atetiil nation on the vp,.„ ' ^onwnent ereo^pri i. '■ '''. bour Of .ium^vxrQr:: r.[--^^"- ^' ' ^^ *^« opposite 8haro ■'a*4ia^^_«....- appearance ^go as 1737^ '® -^wer Si. ''"^es a sup- , "'"e to tiiat I^^'esgrada.' c^^aracter. ^i'te cot- ft>i'/ner a ^'•^ Ofthfi ^''eetsthe '°8, from 's^'es in,. pids ar« ''e rerj -atenin^ *>© most '• Ti,, tion of utiiul. 7*a]>. Jvro/" emi- orer aoi- 'b's . iit t)« ta f tl » . ia about three quarters of a mile, but the Basiu just below ii firo times as wide, and large and deep enough to float the navj 0^ England. We now glide by many deep coves filled with timber, des- tined Boon to bo conveyed to Europe by the vessels which lie at anchor below. At the foot of the rock is the suburb of St. lioch.^ the commencement of the lower town. It is built oalan*. which has been saved from the water by the erection of docks. A little further down, the world-renowned City and Foetrkss OF QoBDKo stands in all its grandeur before you, with the stan- dard of England fl.oating from its citadel. Standing on the heights of Cape Diamond, and looking acros* the deep channel of the St. Lawrence, which is now about 1,400 yards wide, (but appears to be not half that distance in the clear bright atmosphere,) a grand scene lies spread before us. We cannot resist giving the following lucid description of the CITY OF aUEBEC, As furnished by Mr. Buckingham, in his interesting work on Canada: — The situation of Quebec ia highly advantageous in a conamercial as well as a military point of view, and its appear- ance is very imposing from whatever quarter it is first approach- ed ; though at a distance of 350 miles up from the sea, the mag- nificent river on which it is seated is tliree miles in breadth a little below the town, and narrows into abdut a mile in breadth immediately abreast of the Citadel; having in both these partg iufficient depth of water for the largest ships in the world — a rise and fall of twenty feet in its tides, and space enough in its capacious basin, between Cape Dianwnd on one hand and the I»U of Orleans on the other, to afford room and anchorage for a thousand sail of vessels at a time, sheltered from all winds and perfectly secure ! The Hiver St. Charles has its junction with the St. Lawrence a little to the north of the promontory of Gaps Diamond, and affords a favorable spot for ship-building and repairs, as well as an excellent winter harbor for shipa lying «p dismantled. '^ Quebec lies at the junction of tho St. Cha/rlea with the aS^. Lawrence, the ground plan of it being almost precisely the same as that of Ntw Yorh^sX thd junction of the East and Hudson Rivsrt. mwBSjsrww*"' -.-gl,-'- 32 t '1* «!:•. ( ^*^ f fn i,! * THE CITADEL OP QUEBEC Occupies the highest point of Cape Diamond, being elevated 350 feet above the river, and presenting almost perpendicular cliffs towards the water. The city is built from the water's edge along the foot of these cliffs, round the point of the promonotry, and ascending up- wards from thence to the very borders of the citadel itself. It is divided into the Lower and Upper town, the former including all that is below the ramparts, or fortified lines, the latter com- prehending all that is above or within that barrier. Besides these, there is a large suburb, separated from Que- bec proper, called the Suburb of St. Eoeh, on the right bank of the river St. Charles, the only portion of the whole that is built on level ground. This portion of Quebec is building up rapidly, and presents a flourishing appearance. Se^oral of the public buildings are so prominently placed, and advantageous- ly seen, that they relievo in some degree the general monotony of the mass of ordinary houses, and are ornamental to the town ; while the spires of the churches, the dome of the Parliament House, and othtjr elevated points rising from the general sur- face, with their tiimed roofs glittering in the sun, give a live- liness and variety to the picture presented by the city from every point of view, which no other pla \' in America — and, in- deed, few places on the globe — presents. Quehec possesses one of the most beautiful promenades imaginable ; it occupies the site of the Castle of /St. Louis, of which Champlain laid the foundation on 6th May, 1624. The French and English governors resided in this castle till 1834, when, on the 23d January, it was entirely destroyed by fire. It has never been rebuilt ; but Lord Durham had the site clear- ed of the ruins, and the whole area floored with wood, and con- verted into a beautiful platform, commanding one of the most magnificent panoramic views that can be imagined. Mr. Buck- ingham remarks, that while hewas there, there were not less than 300 sail of merchant ships anchored in the stream, 163 of which arrived in two successive days, and at least 100 more lay along the side of the wharfs and quays. " As the weather was beauti- fully fine, and the country still verdant all around, the sight of '4,-_«Jrt.y*; a 80 many ships, seen from a height of 200 feet abov« liver, with the fine extent of country opposite, thickly dotted witli vil- higes and hamlets of the purest white, and the {rrandeur of the mountains in the distance fading away into a fainter and fainter blue, still scarcely distinguishable from the azure sky of the far horizc.n, was beautiful and magnilicent beyond expression." The line of fortifications inclosing the upper town and citadel is about tiiree miles in extent. All communication with the up- per town is through massive gates protected by heavy cannon. The western part of the city being deficient in natural strength, 80 fully developed in the rest of the line, has been covered by a combination of regular Avorks, consisting of ramparts, bastion, ditch, and glacis. In order to strengthen the defences of the city on the west, four martello towers Avere erected on the Plains of Abraham. They extend from the St. Lawrence to the Coteau St. Genevieve, at irregular distances from each other, of from 6 to 600 yards, and about three and three-fourths of a mile from the citv. Their construction is snch that they could be readily demol- ished by the guns from the walls, should such a step be rendered necessary by their falling into the hands of an enemy, but on the opposite side their construction is exceedingly solid, and the platform on the top is furnished with guns of heavy calibre. The walk round the ramparts is the most delightful that can be imagined ; look out in what direction you please, the eye com- mands a prospect of fifty miles in extent, replete with all the elements which enter into the formation of a perfect landscape. The author of" Hochelaga" thus gloAvingly desci'ibes the panora- mic view from the citadel : — "Take mountain and plain, sinuous river and broad tranquil waters, stately shij) and tiny boat, gen- tle hill and shady valley, bold headland and rich fruitful fields, frowning battlements and cheerful villa, glittering dome and rural spire, flowery garden and sombre forest — group them all into the choicest picture of ideal beauty your fancy can create, — arch it over with a cloudless sky, light it up with a radiant 8un,^nd, lost the scene should be too dazzling, hang a veil of light haze over all, to soften the light and perfect the repose — you will then have seen Quebec on this September morning." How changed the scene ! Winter has cast its frigid mantle over the gay landscape. The St. Lawrence is now burdened 3 84 with immcmc mnMCs of floating Ico, oxiiibitinjj; the most varied aiul fjintastic aj>i)Ottrftnce,tlirouj^li which the (hiik lutulcM-culorcd waters are occaoiori illy seen. The hardy hahUanit keep up n communication with the opposite shore, unci carry pasaengors and light goods in their canoes ; landing on the intervening islands of ice, dragging their canous across and launching them on the other side. Owing to the immense volume of water and the strength of the current, the St, Lawrence is seldom hound in icy fetters. However, it so happens that about every Ave years on an average the ice-islands get jammed up together, some times thrown up into heaps or mounds of great height, opposite the city, and the frost bimiing them forms ajy&nt or bridge, on some very severe night, just at the turn of the tide. Winter sud- denly casts its manacles over the mighty stream, and an immenuo sheet of glare ice, extending for many miles, coimects Quebec with the opposite shore. When tliis takes place it is hailed with almost frantic delight by the whole population. The glassy sur- face of the river is soon covered with guy parties in sledges and carioles, whisked along at fearful speed by the mettlesome little horses. People clad in far or blanket coats are seen in all direc- tions, sleighing, skating, and running. But the feature in the picture most, novel and interesting to the stranger is the ice-boats. A boat is fixed upon a trioiigular frame, with runners like those of skates at each corner; it 's propelled by sails, sometimes at the rate of twenty knots an hour, a pole with a spike at the end acting as a rudder. Many of these cratts, filled with a jovial crew of both sexes, are sailing on the wind, or tacking with the greatest facility, and when viewed from the high banks, impart an addi- tional vivacity to the scene. The costume of the peasantry ot Lower Canada is singular and picturesque; it consists generally of a gray capote, or long coat with a hood, a variegated sash around the waist, a rod woolen cap on the head, and long boots reaching to the thighs, or moccasins. This, with very trifling variation, is worn throughout the year. It has been remarked that Quebec has an Italian summer and a Russian winter. From its position it is peculiarly liable to extremes of cold and heat III summer-time tha thennomoter often indicates 100 degrees in the shade, while in the winter the mercury has been known to deecend to 40 degrees below zero. Yet the air is pure, dry, and ©xliilamtln^, ami tho cliinnto excoedlnj^ly honlth) , niul only to ho driiadod l»v consiiinptiven. Atlioii t(« giiKUKc! tli« citaiM of North Amerim mmI tlid Olbraltar oU\\M Wcntcni Continent— tlm buttle-groutxl of iro(^'^, rich in undying metnorics! Wo nre once nioro l»oino uloUj^ on tlio dooj) wnters of tlio St. Lawrence, and sigh aa tho I'uirylike Bcono fudf! on our view. Wo iiro [>asHinjjj through flootdof vo8- sels which liavo como laden with tlio fabrics of Europe to take back tho growth of tho pritnoval furo.stH. Tho craft now met with aro principally equaroriggod vessels of tho largest size, employed in tho timber trade. From 1,200 to 1,500 arrive annually at tiio port of (Quebec. Al'ter passing tho mouth of tho St. Claries River, a road may bo traced loading through tho pretty village o\' Bcauport, and amidst farms and beautiful orchards to tho celebrated Falls of Montmokknci. At a dis- tance, this magnificent cataract appears like a motionless streak of snow upon tho jirecipitous bank of the river; but, now we are abreast of it, we see a mighty torrent i)rojected with incredible velocity over the perpendicular rock, 250 feet, into th-^ St. Law- rence, acquiring a fleecy whiteness as it falls, while the sun produces a rainbow at its base in fine contrast with the snowy efi'ulgonce of the falling wator. Tiiis cataract is the greatest natural curiosity in the vicinity of Quebec. It is about 100 feet higher than the Niagara Falls, and has been pronounced by many to be more picturesque and beautiful. On a hill close to tho Falls is a house which was formerly the residence of the late Duke of Kent — it is now tho residence of Peter Patterson, Esq., proprietor of extensive saw mills in tho vicinity. The lovely Island of Orleans, nineteen miles in length and about five in breadth, hero divides tiie river into the north and south chan- nels. The iipper part of it is covered with noble forest trees, while cultivated fields and beautiful gardens slope down to the water's edge at some points, and bold, perpendicular banks are presented at others. At Ause and 3faraud an enormous vessel, called the Columbus, was launched in 1824; — it was 3,700 tons register, and carried four masts. Tlie next year, another enor- mous ship, the Baron Eeni'rew, was launched here. Both were built of this extraordinary size with the view of taking them to England, and saving the duty on the lumber, of which they were composed. This object was, however, defeated, ae it was decided n 86 ■*1 il ' that a voyage 'vas first to be made ont of England. The Columbus returned to this country, and was wrecked on her second voyage, while the other was lost on the coast of France, on her voyage home. The St. Lawronee here rolls through a channel of full twenty miles in width, and the northern shore increasing in elevation, and covered with the forest, presents a wild and rugged appear- ance. We are now in sight of Mount Ton and Cape Tourment^ bold promontories rising to the height of 200 feet. Grosse Island^ thirty miles below^ Quebec, is a quarantine station. All vessels from sea stop here as they pass up. It is provided with a hospital and Catholic Cliurch. Crane lale^ a fertile spot, is passed, and Goose Island, owned by the nuns, and cultivated as a farm by tenants. And now we see the Pillars^ a group of rocky isles, on one of which a lighthouse is erected; a floating light marks the intricate and dangerous channel of the Traverse. The scenery increases in interest, the vast river looking like the opening to the ocean; the lofty shores studded with cheerful residences, while hill above hill, and mountain above mountain rise up in the distance. Near St. PauVs Bay^ sixty-five miles from Quebec, is the Isle aux Coudres {Isle of FUherts), whicli received its name from Jaqnes Cartier., on account of the pro- fusion of these delicious nuts which he observed on landing. The bold, round peak we see is called Goose Cape., and now we come to the well cultivated settlement of Mai Buy, or Murray Bay^ at the mouth of the Mai Bay River. It is inhabited chiefly by the descendants of the Highlanders, engaged in Wolfe's cam- paign, who settled here and intermarried with the Canadians. The water here being perfectly salt, many families from Quebec visit Mai Bay for the purpose of sea bathing. Continuous ranges of hills can now be seen in every direc- tion. The grand and lofty mountain peaks of Cape Eagle and Cape Salmon here come into view, — the noble river is whitened witli hundreds of ships, and variegated with islands; numerous shoals of white porpoises which frequent these waters, together with scores of seals, show their heads above the wafer in all di. rections, and now and then a whale scatters the smaller fry as he approaches : altogether, it is such a scene as cannot be met with in any other part of America, and probably not on the globe. The Mississippi is but a low, sluggish creek, compared to iho 8T (The her Ince, majestic St. Lawrence. The Missouri and Ohio are but tiny streams compared with some of the tributaries of the St. Law- rence. The Hudson is but a drop in the bucket, a rill, winding its way through a small farm or meadow, compared with that immense flood of fresh water poured into the Atlantic through theGulf of St. Lawrence. "We are now 140 miles below Quebec, and steering for the gap in the stupendous cliffu ou the north shore. This is the mouth of the SAOUENAY, And, although a mile wide, it appears narrow when compared with the St. Lawrence, which at this point is considerably more than 25 miles in width. Yet the Saguenay is one of the most important tributaries of the great river ; its volume of water is immense, and the depth and force of its current is so sensibly felt at its confluence with the St. Lawrence, that for a distance of several miles vessels are obliged to yield to its influence. It is decidedly the largest river east of the Alleghany Moitutains, the St. Lawrence excepted. From the inky blackness of its waters, and the strange, wild, and romantic character of the scenery along its banks, it may be considered unquestionably the most remarkable river on this continent. Whilst we are approaching the lofty portals of this mysterious stream, a brief description of the region whence it comes will better enable the reader to form a proper estimate of it as a wonder of nature. In an iirmense valley, forming part of the territory belong- ing to the IludsorCs Bay Company^ and about 42 leagues north from the St. Lawrence, is the beautiful LaTce of St. John. Its form is nearly circular, its diameter about 30 miles, and it serves as a great natural reservoir, into which twelve Wwr* and many smaller streams discharge their waters. The Saguenay is the only outlet by which this vast collection of water finds its way to the St. Lawrence. Its scenery is of the wildest and most startling description through its whole length, which is about 130 miles from Lake St. John to Tadousac Bay. The first half of its course lies through a wilderness of hills covered with the pine, the fir, and the spruce, and numerous and formidable rapids render the navigation hazardous except to experienced '-• -.'..V: ■ ■;;■ .. " I can't describe it though 80 much it strike, . Nor liiien it — I never saw tiie lilce." Mr. Charles Lanman, a talented writer and artist, who lately a made a tour through Lower Canada, thus speaks of the Saguenay : — "Imagine for a moment an extensive country of rocky and thinly clad mountains, suddenly separated by some convulsion of nature so as to form an almost bottomless chasm, varying from one to two miles in width ; and then imagine this chasm suddenly half filled with water, and that the moss of centuries has softened the rugged walls on either side, and you will have a pretty accurate idea of the Saguenay." ..." And, generally speaking, these towering bulwarks are not content to loom perpendicularly into the air, but they must needs bend over, as if to look at their own savage features reflected in the deep. Ay, and that word deep but tells the simple truth, for the flood that rolls beneath is black and cold as the bottomless pit. Awful beyond expression, I can assure you, is the sensation which one experiences in sailing along the Saguenay, to raise his eye heavenward, and behold, hanging directly over his head a mass of granite apparently ready to totter and fall, and weigh- ing perhaps a million of tons. Terrible and sublime, beyond the imagery of the most daring poet, are these cliffs ; and while they proclaim the omnipotent power of God, they at the same time whisper into the ear of man that he is but as the moth which flutters iu the noontide air. And yet is it not enough to lV ^^^^. 39 been consumed as a 8"°" ' &ouCT«y, and passing along The tourist, wlnle »»'=«"'» "f,™,^f^ '^ summits seem to the base of these -»""'"";' t\-'„pp™'''^ "" " ""'' " penetrate the blue «^.P"'^\^*', ^^'J Jses bi» eyes to the vas oneliness and desolation, JJ l'^" " ,i,iob overhang and height of the broten and ""^^^^ ™^'^ ,^, ^tory of the Titans to^aten momentarily 'o -erwl^m ' •™^!;;_ ^^ .J^^^^ ,„, ,„„. seeuis to be realized, and t ''t>P<-="'',^„^in heaping ::ld,intbiswildandpnmeva «^ o"oft^ g^^^^ Os.a upon Pel.on, and » " P"" J^ „, flr.erow«ed be.gbt, bright sun ligbts »P """Vrsno J foam-caps of the v,aves, the a„dtips^vitl>l>■■i»'»"<'y*'^',"^i■Itce a ■nsatiou of awe,- gigantic and everlastmg b. Us P « »ce ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^,^^^„ fnfagine, then, what nuist ^^ *» [- '^J ,,^ ^,„„„ ,, he floats on i„ Ws bark canoe, « -n »v« ^^ ^ ^ both sides by pree,p.t™s ,hebosomofthiswildnve,,slm n a sweepmg walls of granite ^"""^""tbe chasm, accompanied by heavy ,vi„d rushes suddenly *"'»S^ ';„\^ ^^„;, like a pall, turns the pattering rain; darkness closmg ma ^^ ,^^^ ^ , 'already leaden-colored waters^ to tb^ ^^,^,,.,„g ^Ue what a flash darts "f/""^ *! .^ I' „ged cliffs 1 and now the ghastly and "V-'f^r sil a dctfening crash that loose thunder peals forth «'\»";''l;pi„„ and plunging into the Uers and masseso ^^^jt L^nd distant mountam Uke"d Repeats Uie wild echoes .^ ^,,,„g, '"'^But'see! the clouds are >>— "P, J .^ ^^ .„ „e :oar of the thunder >-;» ;f_\ t, ,u disport themselves the distant ranges of ">° f '^ ;^ „;,<« i„ shoals are hrow- in the sparkling waves,-tle*lntePP ^,„^„„ _tbe sun i„g up the glittering ^VV^f^A burnished gold,-tbe a,r, once more tints the andscap "^^^^ „„a elastic, and nature, p,rifled by the electnc ««"» • '»J „, tUan ever. . 40 river, under the different aspects of sunshine and gloom. We -will now resume our office of pilot and cicerone^ and point out the various objects of note as we ascend the river to Ohicoutimi. To the left is Tadousac Bay^ which is one of the king's posts or stations for trading with the Indians. It comprises several stores, &c., a chapel and one dwelling-house. These objects, situated on a terrace about 50 feet above the water, including a flagstaff and some cannon, and the mountains rising up abruptly in the rear, form a very pleasing object in the picture. Here are extensive salmon fisheries. Looking ahead, we have a mag- nificent view of the river in perspective, in which a round laoun tain peak, called TUe de Bmde, is a prominent feature. The - river now inclines to the north for a few miles, but soon turns again to the west, being in many places three miles iu width, and its depth profound until we arrive at the bar, 60 miles from its mouth. Nature, in her wildest freaks, has evidently been fashioning the mountain and rocks ir.to the most whim- sical and fantastical shapes, and objects of the most startling description now follow each other in rapid succession. The two Profiles are strong outlines on the rocks, several hundred feet above the water, and strongly resemble the human face. The St. Louis Islands, a rocky group, and tlie mouth of the Mar- guerite River, are passed. And soon we come in sight of two tremendous masses of rock, called ErEENrrY Point and Cape Tkinht, rising from the water's edge to the height of nearly 2,000 feet, and so abruptly that ships of the largest tonnage may sail close enough to their base for the hand to touch them. When the traveler raises his eyes to their vast height, and then think of the deep abyss of waters rolling beneath him, he is overcome with awe, and shrinks as he becomes convinced of his own nothingness. Trinity Ca/pe has three peaks on its summit resembling human heads. The other huge pile of everlasting granite is well designated by the name of Eternity Point, Sheltered between these beetling and overhanging clift's is a delightful recess in the shore, called Tiinity Cove, — its retired and lonely beauty presents a striking contrast wif.h the towering grandeur of the rest of the scene. Further still we come to Statue Point. Here, a rock, bearing a striking aimilariiy to the human figure, formerly stood in a nich6 far above the water. The figure has, however, toppled from its base, and is hid in the bosom of the deep. A little beyoud this, Tablkau Rock shoots 41 «*nr'fl edee to the beight of ,p pen»nd>oal.r..v from the «^o» ^.^g . ^^^ ^^.^^, several hundred feet. ^J *" ,,, h^bitons. Itis supposed that Horh^Bay, <» it 18 to°^"3;„ t^. first voyagers, ^ho on i, gained the latter «PP«"^ '^ ;^^^^^^^ ,» he a new channo Uor eidenly beholding whatW»'''j«f^^^, ,„ excellent harbo , the river, exclaimed "Hal ha. 1^ ^.^^ ^,fet and .8 i„ which the largest ■J"!' f "^" f ,,»t of trade in this norA- deatiued no doubt to be "'e prmo'P continuation of the e" dUtrict. The Chieoutnn. obanneW ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^,^ sTguenay, here enters Grand Bay nea>ly g^^^^^ ^ eastern side, pent in ^X '«° '<'''";;«,,« pioneers who have a - Tn have have been b"™?'' "^^^g^o'^eality. Ohicoutinu is tempted a settlement m tins fob^^^^^^ f ^.^^^^^ ^, the junet.oa . king's post and trading f^'^'^' s,.„enay, and consists of tf the »"• ""^'"i „ievous privations have to be P-^-^-'^C:rrtS- The-tam therefo.e ^rOuTrrmintc-ip-nded. to .; t-^ .■<' .,'1 i\tV 1 ul .\ TESTIMONIALS. -li it . M . . i '->'y Irving House, Aeio yorfc, iVor. Is/, 1849. Pkoprietor of the Mirror, — Dear Sir, — I have wiineused your Moving Mirror of the Lalce, sthe Niagara, the St. Liiwrence, and the Snguenay, now on exhibition at the Minerva Rooms, with the greatest plensure. For fifteen years I have navigated these lakes and rivers, and am perfectly familiar with all the objects, — the Rapida, Islands, and Cities,— represented on your painting. I award to your beautiful picture th<} palm of excellence, as a perfectly truthful and correct delineation of these sources of navigatiou. Xours truly, THOS. MAXWELL, Former Commander of the Royal Mail Steamer Gildersleve, since of the* Steamer Canada. •■ ■ ..... Neio York, Nov. 1th, 184D. Having been laboring as a Missionary of the Reformed Dutch Church for three years past among the Thousand islands of the River St. Lawrence, and beiog familarly acquainted with the scenery on that grand and majestic stream, it i» with pluasuro I certify to the accuracy of your Mirror, now exhibiting at 406 Broadway, New York City. The representation of Brockville by moon- light is surpassingly beautiful, while the rapids, fishing vessels, rafts, with some of the inhabited islands and a floating population in their unique costume, is true and exceedingly picturesque. REV. JEROME A. DAVENPORT. New York, Nov. 19th, 1849. Proprietor or the Mirror, — Dear Sir, — Having visited your "Mirror of the Lakes," I with pleasure testify to its accuracy. I have resided in the Saguenay country many years, (being in the fur-trading business previous to its occupancy by the Hudson Bay Company.) and next to beholding its sublime scenery, is a visit to the transfer on your canvas. I am also acquainted with the St. Lawrence, and in fact all the objects which illustrate and enliTen your "Mirror;" and the superb scenery — unparalleled in the world— -which is faithfully delineated by ou, should cause your "Mirror of the Lakes" to be visited by all. As far as am acquainted, nothing could exceed your correct description, or convey a more accurate impression of this vast and little known region. I am, sir, your ob't servant, Johnson street, Brooklyn. MOULTON BULLOCK. { Proprietor of the " Seven Mile Panorama of the Lakes, the Niagara, the St. Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers:" Sir,— Last evening I availed myself of the first leisure hour I have had for a long time to .visit Amory Hall and view your Panorama of the upper Lakes and the romantic St. Lawrence. The former, beautiful with a most charming scenery, the latter flowing betwween lofty hills whose heads are hid in the clouds as though those stem sentinels of wood and water were holding con- verse with the Great Spirit. I have traveled in a birchen canoe over all the region represented on your canvas, know almost every rock and tree, and I am much pleased in being able to give my testimony to the accuracy of your delineations, and am astonished to f/.'e how Art can transfer Nature. 43 J 1 „». • the crandeur around The i.anae. -. ^f^^S:-^^^^^^^^^^ • „7S of the first oPponum J oU.V l1.m conv-.d hat^^t^^^^^^ ^^^ ^.^, _ bitioa to my f''«"*^f^tthe production U one of gj^^f fJ^J.JeB. . ^ . „ with me in saymg ^h-^t the pr ^^^ '-'""P^'T^'V, hrinzs to tny mind the ;„ that «"-«-;,£>^t one of deepJnt^Bre«t as bnj?^ ^,^ Jiaure.pU- To me your P"\"""8 ^ Cohourg, wh.ch » ^P'f^" ^ fmher. AdamBHouse,Boston.J«nel8.l850. ' . 1- ♦« the exhibition tult neither *« works of ' J«^7»ii„ „t ihe Uk"; "°,7„„? .kill .nd t«.te World', 8'" 9?"?;? f.ithW, w «•" »• "S'f t^' "S 1 «.8 D.I prep«r.d, to. cre.ud. M.y y«"r W™' J^^,^ j,„,J, ,„„, ^I;s«\dW. N. KIRK. , ,v Mrty which lately our "Temperance City, in .^^,^^j„g ^he F"^ li^V were interchanged, other crentlemen, being P^f ^y^g^t respect and cordmiiiy ^^^^j,„ m. Mirror," sentiments of \he h'ghe«^ ^V^^ ^.ju undoubtedly leaa ^^^ "Set SfS'L?"^-^-^^^^^^^^^^ '::;! accuracy and beauty ot ^^^ ^.^^^^^^ the pro- convey ^ party .oi»" ^ pamting. lfi« selves the ongmal ot hi3 gr y 44 monntiinp, is authority sufncUnt to justify any one in visiting tho Mirror. — Daily Evening Traveller. / , BosloHt September llh, IS50. Sir, — We feel that we cannot leave Boston without expressing to you the gratifii'ation which we exptirienced at having an opporlunily of visiting your Panorama, "The Seven Mile Mirror of the Laltes and the Niagara, St. Law> renoe and Saguenay Rivers." As Canadians, we feel grateful to you for hav- ing labored with so much zeal to exhibit to the world the beautiful scenery of our country, and we willingly bear our testimony to the fidelity of your repre- sentati'in of the various objects depicted in your Panorama, all nf which have long been familiar to us. We have learned with much pleasure, that the Mirror has been exhibited, during the last year, to nearly a million of pors >ns, and we confidently hope, that should you visit England, it will be un object of attrac- tion to our fellow subjects in that country. The opinions which we have ex- pressed above, are, we tee! assured, concurred in by the large party of Canadians, numbering about 600, who have availed thenHelves of the late opportunity of visiting the Mirror. We are, sir, your most obedients, J. Hinks, M. P. P., A. H. David. M. D., Charles Wilson, Aid., Jos. Bourrett, L. C, U. Beuudry, Aid., A. Gugy, M. P. P., O. Fuchette, Councillor, H. Judah, Advocate, J. B. Hornier, Councillor, A. Lassamboise, J.P., Major McDonald. O. Berthelet, J. P, A. Larocque, Aid., Norbert Dumas, M. P. P. Perham's Seven Mile Mirror. — To the Editors of the Traveller : Have all your readers visited this splendid exhibition 1 If they have not, I would advise them to do it. It was from seeing the notice of it in the Traveller that I was induced to visit it; and so far from finding the account exaggerated. I can in truth say the half was told me. It is truly a magnificent affair. I have pissed over nearly the entire route prejented, excepting iSaguenay River, and can vouch for the remarkable accuracy of the painting. Buffalo, Niagara Falls, the Suspension Bridge, the cities and views on Lake Ontario, Ogdcns- burgh, the Rapids, Montreal, Quebec, the Falls of Montmorency, and all the intervening objects of interest, are depicted with an accuracy and a brilliancy which seem like the very objpcts themselves. In fact, the information and the pleasure obtained at the expense of a journey through the entire route, can here be realized for twenty-five cents ! I say this unsolicited, and with no motive but to stir up all your readers to do what they will always be glad to have done. The views on the Saguenay River surpass anything of the kind in the known world. A bottomless river, rolling its dark waters through overhanging rocks, kissing the skies at the height of two or three thousand feet, buries and overpowers the mind with thoughts of other ages, when " Eter- nity Mountain" rose from the " great aby8.«," and gaping rocks refused to let all of old ocean go to its own. Let every individual, as he values his own edification and pleasure, fail not to see this exhibition before it goes to London. REV. HUBBARD WINSLOW. W. J. Macdokell, Efq., of Toronto, Canada, visited the exhibition of the Seven Mile Mirror of the Lakes, Niagara, St Lawrence and Saguenay Rivers, on Friday evening last, and he immediately furnished the following letter for publication, which we take pleasure in copying for the benefit of our readers: \ 15 OMBIOSS 01 THE PMSS -••< PERHA« SBVEN-MILF. M-aaOR. .™.„£ of «menl.ry s«t°'?;S'^,„ .vidsnllyP' "'«?'" ,„„ p.i„U„g5, paiiiiii'B' ■■■- „ ,v,ft difff real »«;'=""■' "„ aiatance, noi i^" V — ' ■„,„,= in iwell, and each move o^^" , j^^i^ painting P^"^/"y_^.eDre9ented in this mag ^ 46 Buffalo, Nlngara PuIIji, the Suspension Bridge, the cities and views on Lnlterday afternoon crowds were seen leaving the door, as all the seats were secured at an early hour. Persons would do well to procure tickets in advance. — Tribune. "The Moving Miruor of the Great Lakes, Niagara, St. Lawrence, and Saguenay Rivers." — \Vc took occasion a few evenings since to visit this Moving Mirror, now on exhibition at the Minerva Rooms, 406 Broadway, and were amply repaid for our trouble. Having passed over nearly the whole of the route described, some four years since, we were prepared to discover what justice the artist had done to their subject, and what, if any, errors they had committed to canvas. And (after an evening's inspection) we clieerfu'ly accord our testimony to its fidelity, for the color of the waters, the face of the country, the tints of the flowers, the hues of the foliage and shrubbery, the exact condition of the public buildings and private residences, are all so true to nature that we almost imagined that we were taking our tour over again. Nobly have the artists acquitted themselves in bringing out a work of so much merit, and one that will, wd think, bt3 apprtciited by a discerning public. We say to one and all of our readers, that Mr. Burr, the proprietor, richly merits your patronage, and those of you who have not as yet ^een this great work of art, should by all means take the earliest opportunity of visiting the Minerva Rooms. — Merchant' Ledger. \ } r^ ■" i:*^^ ' ^blifc^ .A. 46 h/ The MoviNn Mirror. — fn thoNe duyn of pnnnratnn mnnlii, of rourte there •D) dauliit exhihiUid, diyniflud with the title of " iMinoniiim," wliioh are but fntudrt upon the public, and are utiU'iilutcd to alTect Nf rioiiHly tht* inU'reittii of those wnoRe exhibition* mh reully mcritorioiiH. At it ii« the duty of thf preiia to expoHo those impoRitionH, no it m tlit'ir duty todiii'ot piibiiu attention to exhibitions which are deserving of |>atronii^nt ; and wu now refer partiinilurly to wimt ii» ttfrnii'd " Durr'x Mnvinir Mirror,'' iind pronounce it, in all rurpt^cts, highly deMervin({ piitroniiKf, una we truxt that no onu will fnil to viitit it, bvi-auae it will not only atVord conHidf rable i^rutitication, from the vii'WM re- nrcHcnted, but vicwinj^ it an n work of urt, that fei'linj^ cannoi fsil to bu en- • niincfd. The trip from ButTalo to tlu' Sn(,'ut'nay riv»'r i-x ibits viewn of Niagara, the liorte Slioi' and Anu'rii'im Fallfi, tho SuHpfnition Uridnts iind eiiuT^rin^r from tlit^ Nia^aru rivfr,yi'U pa^H Ilumilton, obtain atino Might of To- ruiitii ; (if Port Hope LightliouHu in u Htorin — and the ^roup of iHlnndH be- tween it and Kin},'.Hton. Vou then pawn in siieeewsion, Kingston, Broekvillo (a beautiful nioonliyht view), 0^{den^bu^gll — the yarinu** riipidM belwten, I're^i ott ami Montreal, of whieh eity, the p.iintin!? is peculiarly spirited, and the 'I'hrec Kiverc. Vou then paHH to Quebee, ceen at HunrJHe ; the Falls of , Montmorenei; thenee deseend to the Suguenay river, the repres* ntution of whieh forniH one part of the exhibition, and in all reHpecLs is one of the grand- est ill [loiiit of Mceiiery we have ever witiiesMed, and is delineated in a masterly style. Hut it i.s quite impossible by any description to afford an idea of the attractions of tlio cAhibilioii ; nnd we can only inform those who fail to visit tills ji.morama, tiiattiiey lose n very great treat. — Eicning Mirror. i .P* M I is.' The i>lEVF.N Mii.E ^fovt^I^, Mirror. — This great painting, juat opened for public exhii)ition at Aniory Hall, eqtials anything of the kind everaeen in this city. The pictorial j' iirney commences on Lake Brie, fihowing the spedstor nearly tie whole border scenery on both the United States and Canadian shores, from the lake tolheCiulf of St. Lawrence, and from thence up the Sague- n.iy river to the great rapicis near Lake St. John. The extended view of Niagara Falls excels any previous painting of the great cataract, and gives the beholder a correct idea of the original. An innumerable variety of i)eauliiul scenery next meets the eye, viz.: Montreal, Quebec, and Ogdmsbiirgh, which are each graphically portrayed ; but the chief attraction, to our mind, is the Saguenay river (in the Hudson Bay Company's territory), the shores of which, for nearly one hundred miles, rise precipitously to over tificen hundred feet, imparting at once the most gorgeous and sublime spectacle in the world. We advise all our readers to see this eleijant and instructing exhibition. — Boston Post. ■i I \ \ \ .'f % uN/VOIANA \^ VMOMOI FAMIUi 1 • ' ■ \ I -v.*^ ; , ^f- t- »• If 4 # 1 V, 4 % r»-%fl. i* .*»ji ^':?