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MDCCLXIX. [Price One Shilling. 1 i p 1 Wi) ■u l i ii M i l i i i «" ■« ■H^rtMtttiMliMHMM --» •*1^ ; .4^1 m > , ERRATA. Page 6, for, as xMveying^ read, conveying. Pages, for, deaths 0/ 13^,000 of our Seomett, read, dead and miffing on l^qard the ihips, in the Go- vernment Service only, heihg 135,000 Seamen. Page 15, 7th linp from the botrom, dele, at hji. Page 49, tor, has the effrontery ^xtzA, has be the effrontery, for. Or nvouU inuendo, read, or would he inuendo. Page 60,. for, complai/enty^ re^, Complacency. Page 63, line 15 from the top, for, 2,426,91c, read, 2,376,915. . line 17, for, 7,548,101, read, 7,598,102. line 21, for, 301,924, read, 303,924. I } .. ijl^giMk'- ^^•auttnnft.w -^uf.-. y 4 is 1 APPENDIX, ^c. AFTER near four months repeatedly , promifing a JpeeJy publication, the public are at length favoured with 06* Jervations on the Staiie of the Nation. Had they contained only corredtions of my cr* rors, I (hould have profited of their infor- mation, mended my hook, and thanked the author j but this writer's charges are of a different nature, and it will he expected from me to clear myfelf from the imputations he fo generally lays at my door, of having deceived my^ countrymen. I fhall not, however, follow him through all his mazes of mifreprefentation, nor attempt to imitate the brilliant poignancy of his perfonal reflec- tions,, or the elegant turn of his abufive lan- guage ; I frankly own, I have no talents for fuch things ; and niy heart tells me, I have not the difpofition to employ them, if I had. 1 have, indeed, no temptation to retort his calumnies ; for upon me, to whom he owes no obligation, he has been even lefs fcvere, than upon thofe gentlemen with whorti he profefTes he is conncded in the flricteft friend(hip, *' and whofe houfes are always open tp him;" for he farcaftically charges B them I i 6 1 them v/ith wants, which I never (hould have imputed to them, and which I really think they are in a good .degree free from, the wants of virtue and ability. I had markt no other charadter, as the defcrip- tion of thofe I wiih'd to fee employed in toe public fervice, and invefted with the offi- ces of the flate, than their being men of virtue and ability j but for this, he charges me with making his friends the objeBs of my dijlike I as conveying to his readers his ap- prehenfions, that under my defcription they will never be called again to miniflry. But however I may excufe the charges he makes againfl me, or how willingly foever hisfriends may overlook the liberties he takes with them, the public will perhaps think more hardly of tnc freedoni >yith which he treats » much more diilinguifhed charader, whoni he chufes to addrefs as the author of the prefent State of the Nation, notwit;hftand- ing that gentleman .publicly difavow'd the writing of it, by advertifcment in the pa- pers imniediately after its publication, and upon many occafionsfince has declared, that however he might approve of the work in general, and of its purpofe, that he neither was the author of it, nor agreed with the writer in everything it contained. His decla- ratio:is can never require corroboration ; nor would it be lefs than prefumption in me, to pretend to give them weight by any af- feverations * i ;, ^S*. [ 7 ] fcverations of mine. Even the writer of the Obfervations will not sfk for further evi- dence of this fadt, than he has had already : for it appears from his having changed his motto, from one particularly pointed at that gentleman to one more general, that he faw the advertifement, and knew of his diia- vowal. How he could afterwards, in def- pite of his convidion, charge that gentle- man not only with digcfting the plan, but with entertaining every opinion, and fup- plying every idea delivered in that work, will be matter of aftonifliment to thofe, who • are unacquainted with the malevolence of ■i party writers ? 1 agree with the Obferver, that the relative ftate of any branch of trade is not always to be ' colledted from a comparifon of the mediums of feveral years at different periods ; a trade upon its increafe, and upon its decline, it •the increafe and decleniion be alike gradual, would appear, by a comparifon of the me- diums of each, to have continued without Mrariation during both periods. The v'alue of * each year fhould the/efore always be noted ' at the fame time that the medium is taken, to enable the public to form a judgment of - its progreflive condition, as >Vell as pf its total amount. This even the Qbferver will hot fay I have not done in every in,fl:ance» and particularly in that t&fpedrng the num- ■ her of fhipping arriving in oiv ports In the "ir-Zr B a feveral ■\ :f Ui,, • (^* i'*.'*;.- jOvi.*^.yf<.i U.,K... U mf ■*'J [ 8 ] ' fcveral years of peace and war. I am forry, I fee no fufficicnt rcafon l.^his Obfcrvations, upon the conclufions I have there drawn, cither for altering my book» or changing my opinion, or 1 fhould readily do both ; but I really cannot conceive, that the deaths of 1 33,000 of our feamcn on board the fhips in the government fervicc only, exclufive of the lofs on board of our privateers j or the re- duction of 1756 fail from the number of our merchantmen, is any proof of the increafing Aate of our commerce. The number of ar- rivals in the year 1761, appears indeed to have increafed 5 but if the preceding year be added to it, the fum of both will fall fhort of the double medium of the whole, tho* in tonnage it exceeds it. But where one year is much below the medium, and the next exceeds it in a matter fo extremely cafud, as the arrival of fhips the day before Chriftmas, or the day after, for that will make the entries in different years, one would be much aptcr to impute the differ- ence to the accident of winds, than to any material alteration in the courfe of trade.— 1 will grant, however, that the capture of the French iflands occaiioned our merchants to purchafe ihipping, for the importing of their products, as in none other than Britifh (hipping could thty be imported ; yet ftill my affertion, that the carrying trade of this : country was ruined by the war, will (land unimpeached, for by that trade is always ., underftoQd :\- ■ ft 4 [ 9 ] underftood the tranfportation of foreigii commodities from one foreign country to another, taking our own country in the way, and not the cranfportation of the pro- duds of our own dominions, or of countries which were become our own by conquef):. In this inftance, and indeed in every other, this writer either miftakes the purpole of my pamphlet, or wilfully mifreprefents it. I never meant to blame the war, nor any tranf- adtion of it ; neither was it my intention to depreciate our conquefts, or throw a veil over our fucceflcs — providence gave a remarkable bleffing to our arms, and in an efpecial manner directed our councils. But it would be tempting him to withdraw his fuccor from us, ihould we confider a (late of war as an happy circumftance, pine at its termi- nation, or be anxious for it renewal. Thiis has been too much the cafe with my fellow fubjecfts, many of whom think things ne- ver went fo well with the nation as during the war, and blame thofe who concluded the peace, as the authors of all the publit evils this country now groans under. It was to fet thcfe miftaken meil right in their judgments, to (hew to them whence the misfortunes they complain of derive their fource, and to make them look to the con- tinuance of peace, as the only remedy for the public grievances, that I entered into a detail of the effects of the late war -, and however 'y '■ ■ ■\ ',1' f. ' ; f [ IP J jng, I fl^^tcf fpyfcif> that no frKnd to mail- ed will ^cnlurc ipy fC ?R tlif t^rtps in wnich I have mention- ed t":^^ C^^pix^ of the French iflands, I can pe jfupgQ](c4 to havf intencfed to throw any Bi^me oji t^e officers Npho cominandcd th^ ^^pe^ition$ ag^in(t them,' it was far from my purpp^^ j^and as I find fuch a ufe ha^ p^pn made of aiy expreffions, | have expuri- jp^ tlip)^ expreifions, and reprinted fjie pajgcs, fince the publication of the Obfer' v/ftioksi* Yet I mean not, by this acknow- Jei^mj^nt, to declare my acquiefcence in tbf fig'ji^tiye aflertion of this writer, " that in ojlr firft attempt upop Martinique, we were aSuafJy d'fiafed'*, neither is it mv iiitentiop to prof eft my pcHef, that the fame ifland was defended to the laft extremity in the ^oljo^ip^ y?ar -, that Guadaloupe was take^ py thp 9fnt of military prbwelfs or ftratagem > tnpt C^rana^^, Dominica, $t. Vipcents, St. Jiiicia, Mafjgaiante, all made the beft re- finance tteir defences could admit of. ' "* ^ Thi^ immediate convenience which France found in our taking pofleflion of tho{*e iiland«, is a matter pf another kW, and which "this writer, wjiilft he de- nies it \Xi terms, would affift 'me to provp jjy th? fads he ftates (page 9)! In order to fftew, that the remittance of the pro* dufts of the French iflands lad not httxi fuf- pended -yi wJJJ.iv Z. -. ■;k:.;.-^ 3i> ' A ! ■ ./ V IN [ 1 .. f"^ pendcd tJjr the War; and that aftfer their iurrcnder to our forces, ihc French ilihfibi- tants Jidnot fell their commodities to Ihfe people of England, ind remit, by bills of exchange, a confiderablc part of thb price to France, in difcharge oV their debts to the French merchants ; this writer tells us, that the imforts from Guadaloupe in 1761, Were vklued at 482,179/. and in 1762, the ifnports from that ifland iind Mar- tinico amounted to 801^669 /. He is mif- taken, I believe, in the value of the im- ports from Guadaloupe in 1761 ; for by an account which I h^ve feeh, they amounted to 603,269 /.which I fuppofe he Will take \o be flill more in fiivour of hi& iirgument ; fbr, according to him, the greater the va- lue of our imports from thence werr, and the more they exceeded the value of our Exports thither, the hfi probable it is, that iny cOnfiderable part pf the furplus was re- mitted thro* Great Britain to France in Fay- Wnt of old debts.— -Had this writer ftalted the value of the exports to Guadaloupe, oi: the other illands, he perhaps Would have found it difficult to perfuade his readers, th^t fo confiderable a bkllance, as there would then appear to be owing to thofe iflands, had been all expended by the pro^ dipQus number of wealthy French inhabit ar^ts^ i who caihe over here to refide upon the furrendcr of thofe iflands ; or in afty other ^'''^^ ' way, !tl [ 1.2 ] way, which he could have ventured to have fuggefled. What he has not done, I will take the trouble of doing for him. ^ The io^ports from Guadaloupe in 176 1, amounted to 603,269 The exports to Guadaloupe inl q , 1761, amounted to y ii^.5^9 Ballance £. 484,700 When this writer (hall fairly account to the public for the invefture of the greateft part of thh ballance, (I do not (ay th& whole) I will then think it incumbent on me, either to give a detail of the remit- tances which were adtually made to France, by the inhabitants of Guadaloupe, in that year, or by the Briti(h merchants for their account, or retrad all that I have advanced upon this head. Another very wonderful proof which this, writer gives, that ** none, or but a very contemptible part," (page 1 1 ) of the value of the produce of the foreign iilands, could be remmitted to France in the year 1761, or 1762, is that in the year 1763, when he fays, we had ceafed to export to thofe iflands, we imported from them to the amount of 1,395,300/. and this too, when they might have freely fent the^r produce to France or Spain. How exceedingly honed thefe people are in their dealings with Engliihmen, and how much r '3 1 much otherw&ys In their dealings with their own countrymen ? They cheerfully made remittances after the ijlands were refiored, to difcharge the debts they had contracted with us» whild they were in our poiTeflion. But they never thought of remitting any thing, or at beft " but very contemptible fums," to France, whilft they were in our hands, in difcharge of their debts they had contrac- ted with their mother country, and their old connexions. The truth is, Great Bri- tain is by far abetter market for the fale of Weil India products, than either France or Spain, and the French and Spanifh inhabit tants of thofe iilands would, at this day, gladly fend us their whole produds if they were permitted fo to do, and pay their merchants in their mother countries by bills upon Great Britain. Before the rupture with Spain, it was the pra per cent : under which difad vantage no inhabitant of thofe iilands would think of making any considerable remittance, in bul- ky commodites. And that in a war of ex- pence, it was of more importance to Great Britain, to prevent the French remittances being made, than that her ilibjeed'i^ tivc years. r , •:-/ . ..,,.l«^^I In r95Q» Vengtieme and Dixieme y 2^^060 $nZ$9tl9i III 1761, Vcngtieincr,Dixieme, 1 ' " ' '^ ' / ' III .1762, Vengtieme, E^ixlcme,"! *^ ( 1 » » « V t ;r ,fw ■^r?" By new taxes in three yean 2Z2,4or,^74 K), 109,1 61 Ip. 1756* , By anticipadons foir \ 6 years expirabk jn . 1 764, > ^f P/!?f9S^ k 1757. BraMicip»tieH5for ] ooc),oop 1 1 years expirable m 1 768, > ' ^t^^tj^ In 1758, By anticipating a > *" new tax on tobacco for 10 > 30,b6oiO<50 < year* e3tpirat>le in 1768, J f«^..iji ^n 1759. By Freegift a^d an- > ticipations for 5 and 6 C 55,69«,7&7 years expu-aWe 1764 and C Vb^'-y^v / 1765. ^ In 1760. By antic^ations for 1 ^^^^^ II years expirable J7J I, J 5"»'^"»^^ In I7fo, By antiCTpations for 1 83,700,000' 6yea/8 expiraWri769i | - ■^HPW- * h ■ H , A ■.it iti i l*Uii iU lOil 392,390,787 l 7,g8i,^qA In v->/ . f t^] If r/5B, Bythefiilft of aig- l.Htni*^^' * 7 -♦" -K)> , BJCnutionsoffalaries | 2o,coo,oo(> In 176 1, By the like fale 27,840,000 Sd iy6o» By i«n^al of a fam c*; ibr 22 years, witk ^in« additions ■ , : :J^ • im 1758, Byaft|nn€tits of ^ 1500.000 revenue till .'/reiinbariied In 1760, By aflignnrent of i,8oo,Qoo until reim- barfed }- ,183.91010 •iR 7«,i23,9o6-i5,Vj;t,oS^« i 40*000,000 60^000^000 100,000,000 4«H5*454 In 1758* By the fale of life an- 1 nuities J 4S» In 176 1# By annuities 000,000 80,000,000 125,000,000 By loan agreeable to the pra^te «fc '-■ m England. Iirt756, • 32,000,000 i l« »757» 56,000,000c 188,000,000 In »759. 60,000,000 c The fum of all which is that of the 50,314, 367 /. raifed by France for the expences of the war; 10,109,161/. was raifed by taxes impofed during the war 5 all which have, I believe, fince been remitted. Tho' tjic Ohferver fays, that only a finglc vengtieipc has been taken oQ; that the other condder fiibJe tax, which was impofed for the pur-? pofcs of the war, that upon tobacco, was pawned only to the year 1768, and is there* foic 3i ' i fore now liberated, and may be alfd remit* ted, if it has not (ince been prolonged. That the old revenues, which were anticipated during the war, will have worked themfelves clear the greater part in 1768, and the lad in 1771. That the remaining fum^, with which the old reve» nue of France is burdened, amounts to no more than 18,772,726 /. of which 4,545,454/. is in a ':ourfe of difcharge; but in what time it will be efFedted, I pre- tend not to fay, as I know not whether the intereft be paid exclufive of the fums af- iigned for reimburfement of the capital; and if we take in the augmentation of the officers falaries, and even add the premium for the renewal of the farm, and charge as debt the full fums which were advanced upon thofe account^, the total will be no morj than 22,323,812/. And this is the whole amount of the charge remaining upon the vaft (landing revenue of France, zsthe eonfequences oj thelaji war, whilft pro- bably not one confiderable tax is now re- maining upon the people, which was then i»mpofed This, I fay, is what appears up- on the evidence of thefe accounts 5 for tne truth of which I pretend not to vouch, neither do I mean to aflert, that every thing has been done iince the peace in the French finances which might or ought to have been done, or which thefe accounts would lead us to expe(5t. But I flatter my- felf. /' •■ -X fclf, that my countryaxcn will Tec in them iu&ietit evidence to juftify the reprcfeata- tion I have made of the different efFcfts which thp late war has had upon the two nations. It was thofe effeSis only Which I was iaqwiring into and ftating ; for what* ^ver might Be their relative condition be- fore the war, or whatever it may be fince, cx)cliifive of the confcquer^ccs of the war, was not witjtiin my purpofe. I will not, however, draw the comparifon clofer be- tween the two nations, nor point out the A)eci£ic differences in the two accounts — for 1 wifh only to inform the judgment of my readers, not to inflame their pafllons, or fill thetn with anxiety and difcontent. My delire is to prompt my fellow- fubjed$ to afSift their country, not to irritate then) to cmbarrafs by clamour fuch meafures, as may be undertaken for its relief. But what mull the ingenious and candid think of the integrity ofthe writer of the Obfervations, when tney compare the account I have dated of the fums raifed by France, for the occa-. fions of the war, with his alTertion (page 36) printed in italics j left it fhould efcapft their notice, that thofe ** identical fums were, borrowed by France upon intereJiJ' And hft repeats it again '* that the credit of France^ ** bad as it might have been, did enable '.* her (not to raife within the year) but " tp borrow (in italics) the very fums the D « author /' i ; I I ^ author of the State of the Nation men- ** tions, -r;/^. 50,314,378 /." I will not aggravate the feelings of this unhappy man, his own confcicnce will be fufficiently fe- vere in its reprehenfions ; nor is it ncceflary for me to fupport my own credit, by ruin- ing his ; and if it were nece/Tary, h^ has done it mod efFedtually himfelf; fork was not enough for him, with a copy of the account I have written from before his eyes, (for he confefTes mine agrees exacflly with his,) to aflert what he faw was not the truth, in regard to the manner in which France provided for the expences of the war, and in which he muft have expedlcd to be contradidled by all mankind whenever I publifhed the particulars of the account, but he muft alfo in page 38, within the compafs of a few lines, fupply the reader with ample matter for queftioning his vera- city or irtfor;iiation ; he there fays, ** that France has taken off but a fingle vengtieme- and fome fmall matter in the capitation fince the peace ;" and then he tells; us that he fpeaks from very good informa- tion, and that the annual income of that ftate is at this day 1,350,000 /. Jhort of a provifion for their ordinary peace ejlablijh-' •* menty O, monfieur de la Verdy, how this Writer traduces you ! if fuch be your management t you fhall never have tny vote to be Chancellor of the Exchequer to the King of Great Britain, fhould the French <( «c €t (( <( €S €t 'ii \'. ■ ^^■J.. I 23 1 French King difmifs you his fefvlcc. Muchr rather would I fee the finances of this coun- try once more in the hands of even the Ob- iferver's Great Friend than in thine. Lock yourfclf up in your own caifle d'amortefie- ment, and may you long continue ** thtf «• lafthopeof the French finances." What this fhamelefs affcrter of untruths fays, in his 22, 23 and 24 pages, relative to the difference between the expence of the prefent peace eflablidiment, and the expence of the peace eftablifhment in 1752 and 1753, is perhaps a tifiue of the moft barefaced and palpable falfhoods that ever were attempted to be impofcd upon man- kind j and all this ufhered in under a pre- tence of deteding my fallacies. He fays too, that he has ** fearched the journals" and that what he lays before the public is cxtrafted from them. He therefore takes from himfelf the apology of ignorance, which one would be tempted by their hu- manity to make for him, and charges the faKhoods home upon his confcience, with all the horrid circumflances of wilful, pre- meditated, and defigned calumny. Let him look upon thefe pages, if the glare of truth does not blind his eyes, fo long unaccufj- tomed to its fplendor ; and when he here reads his own convi(3:ion, let him, if he has any fenfe of the contumely he muft for ever lye under with all candid men, do thatjuf*- tice upon himfelf, which he owes to fociety, . D 2 and / If > I f 111 1 ii 4€ U i4 «i A [26] JOURNAL /^, 5 Feb. Granted for 1 8,857 ^^^^ Forces 61 2,3 1 5 ^ Half pay Officers 64,000 Chelfea Hofpital 62,567 ' Widows 3»3»o Horfe Guards reduced 4»747 liFib. Granted for Forces ^'nthePlah- 7 , tations, &c. J *°'42o i: t** General and Staff Officers 16,000 14 Feb. Granted for Ordnance 109,150 Extraordiriaries Ordnance 1,699 12 March, Granted for Army extraor- 1 ; dinaries — — j 47»984 1,158,192 Total Military Eftablifiiment for 1751 I 2,325,023 2*014,751 19 Feb. Granted to pay off South Sea annuities 1 2 March, To pay Expences incur-"^ red in Nova Scotia in S» 57,582 1749, 1750 rranted for di Debt, Seamens Wagel 22 April, Granted for difcharging ) 200,000 — ~ 2,582,605 25 Feb. Granted to replace to the Sinking Fund. ^ Deficiency of fait 35>ooo i Stamp Duties 6,461 7,8So • 12,534 4»S9* 30,422 Sim Licences Sweets n Wines Glafs -. «*«t»; f^?^ 1 2 March, Houfes and Windows Poundage Subildy Grant? "'^ 7'*— 70,097 42.559 65.797 275,342 30,000 25 Feb. Subfidy to the Eleftor of Bavaria 12 March, for Nova Scotia in 1751 53.927^ 22 April, For African Forts 10,000 > 66,927 For Carlifle Road 3>ooo J ■■ " ■■ Total Supplies 4,969,625 25 Nov. ./> ■s. Supplies for the Service of the year 1752. JOURNAL £- zc Nov. Granted for 10,000 Sea- 1 ^ men for the year 1752 J ^ /» i- 3 Dec. For Ordinary of the Navy 777,715 For Greenwich Hofpital 9>^99 For Building and Repairs 100,00c 28 Nov. Granted for 1 8,857Land Forces6ii, 101 For Ordnance 119,156 Extra expence of ditto S'7^3 For Forces in Plantations, Sec. 229,943 16 Jan. Half-pay Officers 60,000 Widows ■ ' ■ Extra expences laft year . Horfe reduced Chelfea Hofpital £* 894.559 .mi. 22,413 4,522 . 58*448, — 1,114,470 Total Military Eftabliftimentfor 175 2 2,009,029 21 Jan. Granted for difcharging 1 nnr, n«n^2. the Navy Debt j 900,ooo ^^ For difcharging Vellum. Annuities 400,000 T 16 Jan. Tor replacing to the Sinking Fund. Deficiency of Stamp Duty ^997 ^ * t" ci Spirituous Liquors ; ■*'"'*** Sweets " r Wines • Glafs Houles and Windows .,"r ■ Gra^'itjj — 28 Jan. Spirituous Liquors Additional Wines Glafs — Poundage 16 Jan,* For Subfuly to Bavaria ; ; 20,000 23 Jac, For Subfidy toPolana / 32,000 1,300,000 ■ . ; s 5.431 11,737:. • 24,102 52,969 •■ J 61,066 6>693 24.968 ~ ' 89,925 355.758 52,000 21 Jan, X if hi t ■( i [ a8 J JOURNAL 21 Jan. For Nova Scotia for 1752 Ditto for 175 1 For Georgia 28 Jan. African $«ldemeDt9 CarliAe Road 28 Jan. To the African Companf. ? puvchafe of their Charter, &c. 3 Total Sippliet c <• 4o,4Jo 2I»042 4»000 \ I Of 000 3,000 78,49* 112,142 -.1 3»907,4«« Supplies for the Service of the Year 1753. JOURNAL £, 21 Jan. Granted for 10,000 Seamen 1 ■* ir_ -^ * ^ > $2O,00O i8oj«o6 10,000 for the year 1753 For Ordinary of Navy i For Greenwich Hofpital 810,206 / „ spjan. Granted for 1 8,8e7 Land Forces 628,3 < 5 For Forces in I'lantations 236^.20 ^; Extra expence of Land Forces 26,689 > Half-pay Officers 58,000 Widows ■- 3,036^ Horfe Guards reduced 4,288 c Chelfea Hofpital 58,270 1 Febru. Ordnance — - 107,688 Hs?;:g expencc of ditto 8,817 Total Military Eftabliflimeut for 1753 1,941,729 1 Febrn. Subfidy to Bavaria 20,000 Sabfidy to Poland 32,000 ■■ 52,000 20 Febr. For Replacing to the Sinkin|r Fund, viz. Deficiency of Stamp Duties 7,916 •/ Spirituous Liquors 749 ^ ' Sweets <-9,846 ^y^ 18,511 15 Feb. ' . ■' . , f I ■• ».' [20] JOURNAL 1 5 Febr. To Captain Vernon 20 Febr. Nova Scotia lart year ;*^. 471448 v/ 2*214 c Nova Scotia i iNova acotia 17C3 15 March Weftminfter Bridge CarliHe road Georgia ■■■■ Africa — — Total Supplies — 47.167 2>00O 3.000 2,632 i6,odo 120,461 2,132,70! Supplies for the Service of the Year X754. JOURNAL 1753. C. 2* Nov. Granted for 10,000 Sea- 1 .-^ 000 menfortheferviceof the,ycari754 J 5 » 29 Nov. Ordinary of the Navy 278,747 Greenwich Hofpital 10,000 28 Dec. Building and Repairs 100,000 i; ■ 26 Nov. Granted for 1 8,875 ^*"^ Forces 628,315 Forces in the Plantations, &c. 236,420 ' Ordnance — 118,347 %— '' Ext*a expence of ditto 5,218 21 Jan, Half>pay OiHcers 55>ooo Widows — — 2>944 ''^ Horfe Guards reduced 4>246 I . [ ■ Chelfea Hofpital 57»3$8 7 Febr. Extra £xpences 31*900 c 9o9y7A7 ui Total Military Ellablifliment for 1754 ' s . 18 Decern. Subfidy to Bavaria , 20,000 Subfidy to Poland , 32,000 1,139,748 > 2,048,495 21 Fe^. For replacing to the Sinking Fund, viz. Deficiency of Sweets 6,792 ^?#',.^K Tunnage Subfidy 61,505 .21 Feb. Fordifcharging Exchequer Bills 499,600 .. .- For Bills drawn from America 1 For Georgia Services 1747 J ^*^^7 •-hf i' -,•■'''-■•■■-•__ 52,000 68,297 515,097 20 Dec. '. li ', Mill' ii !l}i I.'; I ! li [ 3^ 1 JOURNAL 20 Decern. Granted for the Mint 7 Fcbr. Georgia — African Forts Carlifle Road Nova Scotia laft year Nova Scotia 1754 Weftminfter Bridge Furchafing Marihalfea Prifon 10,500 Rebuilding the fame 7«8oo 36 Febr. BoiMity to 40 Navy Chaplains 1,642 c 15,000 10,000 6,000 47.054 2000 u 1 14,02^ Total SoppHes 2>79?>909 From thefe accounts it appears, that the expence of the Military Bftabli(hment In 175 1, was In 1752, In 1753* In 1754, 2,014,751 2,009,029 1,941*729 2,048,495 M il II n — — ^ 8,014,004 Medium of thefe 4 years Military Eftabliihment in 176' as ftated by irie, page 5I 8vo. edition. 2,003,501 \ 3'475>^S3 Excefs of the charge for the_ Military Eftablifliiment of y . 4767 beyond the medium f 1,472,182 charge in 1751, 1752, 1753,]) ^ and 1754. » Dare .V4 ; [ 3« ] Am I then juftified in having faid, that 1,472,182 /. is «^^r 1,500,000/. and what fort of fophiftry muft the author of the Ob- fervations make ufeof to prefuade my coun- trymen that I am not, nay that I have been guilty of an error of no lefs a fum than 878,546 A In having faid fo, I wifh this gen- tleman would mind his latin, and cultivate his poetic genius, his talent ioxJiBion might there be of ufe, and do him honour, but figures are of all things the moft unfit for fancy to fport with. Apt as he is at evafi- on, I fhould imagine he will here find himfelf put to his fhifts for a fubterfuge, and that if he had any blujhing materials in his compofition, they will (hew themfelves upon this occafion ; but as I fufpe6: that confeffion will te bis laji refource, I will take the trouble to cut off his retreat, and anti- cipate his only plaufible pretence for mif- take. He perhaps may pretend, that altho* the excefs of the charge of the military guard m2iY come up to what I faid, yet that the difference in the charge of the peace eftablilhment, taking in other articles in both periods, was not more than he has cal- led it. I fliall therefore compare the grants for the peace eftablifhment in four years of the former period, with the grants for the like fervices in four years of the latter, leaving out deficiencies in both 5 and in doing this, I fhall manifeft my own fairnefs, in ta- king the grant for military fervices in 1767, rather than thofe of 1764, as the proper efli- li 2 . mate / iii 11 III iii I m It!' ^lU.ii R, It I ;' [ 32 ] mate of the charge of the prefent military peace eftablifhment. The military guard for the peace eflabli{hment was« as I faid, fettled in 1764, but for reafons which I (hall prefently give, the charge of it cannot be fo juftly collecfted from the grants in 1764 as in 1767 ', nor will this writer cnarge me with flying from my propoiition in faying this, for he will fee, that the year 1764 is much higher than 1767, and con- fcquently would have been more for my purpofe. He indeed perceiyed that it was fo, and therefore, inflead of collecting the real fums which had been aSiually granted for the eftabliftiment in 1764, as they fland in the journals, which he fays he looked in- to, or taking them from the account of the; grants for that year as ftated in the Confide- rationsy \\t produces an eflimate, which the author of xh^' Conjiderations had given the public, as the eftimate, to which the charge of the peace eftabli(hment might, as he flip- pofedt ht reduced, and to which that admi- niftration were labouring to reduce it. And this the Obferver calls the aSiual peace eftab- lifliment. Whether that adminijlratiom would have fucceeded intirely in the propo-J fed redudion or not, cannot be known, for* they were difmifled the fervice of their king *' to make room for the Obfervers friends in 1765. The experience, however, of the two following years, led mc to con- ceive, that the public occafions would not - have permitted fo confiderable a reduction from 'i- • ■■ \ iiAitiatX [ 33 ] from the a^ual expencc, and therefore when I came to form a reduced cjiimaie alfo, I made larger allowances in fome particu- lars than had been made by the author of the Confideratiom ', and as I had the advan- tage of more experience, I fuppofed that I was nearer the truth; and I therefore called my reduced eftimate an improvement upon his ; for where truth is the object, every approach to it is in my conception, an im* provement. But whatever may be the cafi? in refpe<5t to thefe fuppqfitious efti mates, it is the real a^ual expence only which 1 have to anfwer for. And I (hall now proceed to fhew how much the grants in the prcfent peace exceed thofe of the former peace. In 1764. Navy, 1,444,800 Army, including Ordnance and 7 o a^^ Mmtia. _ _ ji.S'8.622 Extraordinaries of Army and"j Ordnance, including arrear/ ^ on the laft year's grant to c.r^'°5»''24 Hofpital, — J ; V ^ 4,021,546 Mifcellaneous articles, 183,800 Total — 4,205,346 In 1765. Navy, . 1,450*96^ Army, militia and ordnance, 1*522, 175 Army and ordnance extraordi-7 ^ j - naries, ^ .^ •*_!__ -♦ 3>433>05^ Mifcellaneous — / 93>77Q Total — ' ' 3*526,835 m r34i In 1766. Army, ordnance and militia, 1,605,726 Navy, — 1,522,283 . Extraordinarics of Army and \ t:iA \aq Ordnance, — f "^ ^' ^^ 3,642,158 75*628 3,717,786 1,569,321 Mircellancous, Total I Navy Ordnance, Army, -* Militia, In 1767, 220,790 1,218,465 100,000 '*^ ^539*^55 Extraordinaries of Army and t r Ordnance, -^ _ f S^/'io? Mifcellaneous Total 3'475»683 114,896 3>59o,579 Thefc are the amounts of the leveral grants for the fupport of the eftablifliment in the four years fince the peace of Paris, exdujive of deficiencies. Let us nov^r fee what fums were granted for iimilar fervices in the four years of the former peace, the parti- culars of which have already been given. In 1751. For Military Services, 2,014,751 ^y* Mifcellaneous, 124,509 2,139,260 In f% For Military Scrrices Mifcellaneous For Military Services Mifcellaneous For Military Service* Mifcellaneous fss] In I75X* I 1 1753. it >ix' In 1754. 2,00^,019 190,634 — 3,199,663 1,941,729 120,461 — — 2,062,190 a,04l,495 1 14,020 ■2,i6z,;i5 Now, if we take the medium of the four years of the laft peace, which is 3,760, 1 36/. and compare it with the medium of the four years of the former peace, which is 2,140,907/. the difference will be ^n ex- cefs of 1,619,229/. in the medium of the four years, fince the peace of Paris *. * The writer of the Obfervations, page 35, fays, that our finding a fund which fhould produce 6oo,coo /. ivas no fmall proof of national ftrength and financial Ikill. But without referring him to what I have (hewn, that France actually did raife in the laft years of the :war, I would alk him what he thinks of our now raifing .within the year above two millions and an half by new taxes impofed fince the former peace. 'By taxes for paying intereft of new debt, 2,165,300 By one {hilling land tax, coo,eoo 2,005,300 Now had thefe taxes, together with another {hil- ling land tax been all impofed the firft year of the war, we fhould have raifed above three millions within the year^ which would indeed have furprized all Europe ; and yet we furely were as well able to have done it theny as we are to do it now j and had the expence of the war been confined to that extraordinary revenue, and the furplus of the Sinking Fund, which in all would have amounted to near five millions ; two millions of our taxes would have expired with the war, and we fhould ,hav? had the fame furplus in our Sinking Fund as we now have ; altho* we had maintained the fame peace eltablifhmenc which wc now do. 11 f 36J And if we take the Bavarian and Poland fubfidics into thcaccountof the peace efta- blifhment for the years in which they were, granted, the difference will be only 52,000/. lefs. X^^is then, is the method the Obfer^ ver fays, I ought to have taken for compa- ring the charge of the two eftabliftiments, and we fee how little it makes for his pur- pofe ; but if I had taken it, I fhould navo imitated him in impofing a fallacy npon my ' Countrymen, and for that reafon I did not . take it. In the fupplies for military fervi- ces in the laft four years, very large fums were given for extraordinaries, under which head many expences which were iiicurred ' during the war were included ; others are ' of fo mixed a nature, as partly belonging to the war, and partly to the peace, that they are not to be feparated. The war part of the charge mufl, however, leflfen I every year, as we remove farther from it ; and therefore the laft years grants (when no new rupture is apprehended) will be the faireft eftimate of the peace eftablifhment. It was for thefe reafons, that I feledted the years 1752 and 1753 of the former peace, and compared their military eftablifhments with that of the year 1767 of the prefent ; and when the reader has caft his eye over the grants for thofe fervices in the preced- ing years of the prefent peace, he will be ' convinced, that I took the only fair me- thod .: 1.1-, . ^i. I t ■ t37] thod of enquiry, and that which alone could give juft informat'on to my country- -men. When I was pointing out the mifchicfs which hung over this Nation, and propofing "the befl: means I could think of for aver- ting them, I little expected to be charged with having reprefented thofe mifchiefs, as -having already fallen upon us ; yet fuch are the iniinualions of this fliamelefs writer j -and he makes a colledion of fads and ac- counts to ihcw, that things are not now in fo'bada condition, as my reafoning tends to prove they are likdy to be in, unlefs ibmj remedies are fpeedily applied. The ^honour of having invented this mode of ■confutation I fliall readily allow him, and I believe no fair man will envy it him. But Jet him fhew the page in my book where- in it is faid, that our manufacturers and :artificers kave already deferted us, or that the rt venue from cpnfumption is already di- mini(hed. I mentioned thofe, and fuch like misfortunes, as the probable confequences of our heavy taxes ; and thefe were my words, page 6 1, ** the efFedts of the prodigious revenue drawn from the people fince the lafl: peace already begin to jloew themfehes in the increafed price of la- ** hour, and the neceliaries olf life, it can^ " not be long before they operate upon our ..** manufadurers alfo." If indeed I had . F , been <( <( <( V. ^. /. : [38] • been inclined to exaggerate our public evils, I might have gone much further. I might have fticwn the vail difference be- tween the price of labour in this country and in France, by comparing the price of jnanufadlurcd Gold and Silver in each, the moft proper manufadlures by which to ef- timatc the price of labour in all countries; becaufe the materials are in all countries of nearly the fame value. I might too have appealed to the returns made to the war ofiice, by the officers on thp recruiting fer- vice, for proofs of the prefent deplorable paucity of our people j but it was never my purpofe to amplify our grievances, nor to dwell upon fuch pf our diftreffes, as the wifdom of government cannot fpeedily re- lieve us from. What then ought J to re- ply to this writer's charge, page 29, of ha- ving ilated the ballance of our trade much too low. If 1 produce proofs in n^y de- fence which ni'ght demonftrate, that the error lies on the other fide^ I fhall be juftly accufed of unneceflarily expofing the na- kednefs of my country ; and if I with- hold them, I mufl fubmit tp thjs writer's illiberal cenfure. To the latter I will much readier fubmit, than be the occafion of doing an injury to my country. I will X\oi therefore offer any proofs, nor employ any arguments in defence pf my fuppofitious bi^ljance of 2!- millions. I hope it is >be- low n* [39] ow the truth, and I fubmit to the Obfcr- vcr's charge of having inif-ftated it. One thing only he will allow me to obJcrve, that the dedudion I have made of 600,000/. from the ballance as flated in the Cuftom- houfe accounts, is a deduction from a trader the exports of which is dated at 14 millions^ and the imports at 1 1 millions. There cannot, however, be any harm in fuppofing a cafe, and reafoning a little upon that fuppofition. Suppofe then, that in fix years of peace, therei had been remitted in fpecie, or bills of exchange upon foreign countries, which is equivalent to fpecie, upon account of cer- tain individuals who came to refide here, to the amount of 6 or 7 millions. Suppofe al- fo, that in thofc fix years the ballance of oUr trade, after paying the intereft of our debt to foreigners, produced a clear annual fum of 1 million a year, or 6 millions in the whole; what would b-; the probable confequenCes ? Would not the national flock of fpecie be augmented at the end of thofi fix years by an addition of 12 or 13 mil- lions ? would not foreign coin be extremely plenty, and would not our own coin re- main in the kingdom ? Would not the price of bullion be reduced F And would there be any great occalion to make confiderabic coinages at our own mint ? Suppofe then, on the other hand, that, notwithftanding ' \ F 2 ^ this . » '!i|l f 40' T this extraordinary remittance of 6 or 7 n>iP- lions broughi in by individuals, that the price of bullion advanced, that foreign fpecie becannie every day more fcarce, aSd Was at length not to be met with, that 06 r own coinage had been much greater than in any former period, and that there was a general complaint of the want df circulating coin. Would the conclu^on b'e, that the ekdr ballance of our trade, after- paying the inter efl of our debt to foreighers^ hdd been efli mated much below the truth, in cdllinfT it a mllion in our favour ? ' Whoever thews me an error in my pani* phlef, will find me difpofcd to comd: it. The miflakes this writer points out to me^ I lliall certainly rectify in the next ediiiori ^ and if thofe which he mentions, (page 247 and which 1 had not before corredtedi were material, I rfiould now have cancelled the faulty flieet, and reprinted it — ^but if he Will look into the third edition,, he will ffnd, that fome errors in computatiori,^ which he had taken notice of, were already correded, tho' perhaps that part of his book was printed before that edition was publifli« ed. It is however a little remarkable, that' n'otwithftanding he fuppofes it to have been* mypurpofe, in computing the value of the ieveral premiums, to enhance the expencesj of the war, that the Correflion of the feve-^ ral errors he points out in my computations, • only v^ i ^ 1 u4*-.' [4*1 ont^ ferves to kiflame tfhe account. B\it the ingenuity of his' remarks upon the premiut»s of 1760 and 1762 merks parti- culiar notice. He difcovers,' tfbat I fliould have (aid 21 iiiflead of 20; and he makes the corrcdion accordingly ; he then iinds^ that 8 years had e^fpifed mftead of 7,- whicb he makes a fre(h eilror^ and that the remain-* ing term of the ailriuity is worth only I6 4 years purchafe milead of 11. Now tha truth is, the error is only in the firft num- ber of y6ars> which oi^ht to have heea 215 for ait ihe thie I writ , th^^re were only fQVQTi years expired^ tho* when he puh- liihed there wci^e eight ; and I made my calculation of the value of the rematntng term upon 14 years> and not upon 13, as*' he fuppofcs, and therefore I took 1 1 year* purchafe for the value^ which he will not fay is more thaa it is worth. And this he wais convrneed in his own mind was the eafe, for the fum agrees with his, except in the T of a yea'r, which he has added to the purchafe, and which I did not thin^ fo ma- terial as to include in my computation.—*— The taking 5 from 19, and leaving 13, is another error of the fame magnitude, and wiiich he remarks upon v ith the fame can- dour. He here too faw, that my computa- tion was made upon 14 and not 13, and that the error only lay in that number ^ and left he flaould prove his own convidlion, he -y ■ ■ ^. l1 i i ■■ , ' ■■ .," Ca' ' ' i! -a. li || ■ - , '' ' i'i '■ . ill '' "'y ;■ i .• . -i^ i; *!'t 1 t 42 I he makes no fcmark upon the f»jm of tlie? computation. But one would think, that i fo accurate an accountant, and fo minute 4 an Obferver of the errors of others, would * be wondroufly careful to avoid miftakes in his own figures, efpecially in the very in- t ftant in which he was fo feverely criticifing I upon flips of the pen, or the blunders of the C prefs ; and yet we find him fetting down ^ one per cent 2iS the premium for the futns horrowed in 1756 and 1758, at the rate of 2xper cent. — I defpife fuch pitiful advan* tages, and will not imitate the illiberality of his pen, by charging him with igno- rance of the fecond rule of arithmetic, in taking three from 3 \y and making one the remainder. Let him correct it in his next editioii, and learn to be lefs captious for the future. My generofity to him in this inr»:ance will, I hope, intitle me to a favour 1 am' going to aik from him ; it is only for a fhare in a fubfcription, when he (hall come to have the dire<5tion of the finances. If he can fatisfy parliament, as no doubt hsr can, that it is the fame thing to the nation, whether he gives an irredeemable term of 5 or of 500 years, to the fubfcribers, for the interefi: upon an addition to their capital, I think I can propofe conditions for a loan, which will do him abundance of credit, and be of fome advantage to myfelf. If ^i lif a man in private life was to borrow loo/. and give his bond for 120/. don't this wri- ter think, that when he came to difcharge his bond, at the end of 20 years, with all the growing intereft, that he would confider the premium of 20 /. as increafed by the intereft accruing upon it. Would he not ftate the account thus. Premium for the loan of 100/. in- • i. eluded in my bond Intereft upon that premium 20 ] 20 .... . 40 ^ I therefore pay forty pounds for the ufc of 100/. for 20 years, befides intereft at five per cent, and would not this be the fadt ? But this wonderful financier does not per- ceive any difference in the propriety of ma- king account of the intereft accruing upon money, of which the debtor never had the fife, and of doing the fame where the mo- pey is adiually received, and put to ufe by tSe debtor ; tno' in the latter cafe it is evi- dcfit, that he receives a compenfation for the €$■; :gc of intereft by the ufe of the ca- pita', and that in the other he never had ^L} .—I wifti Mr. La Verdy had this writer for his afliftant. I now come to the dire occafion of all this writer's fpleen againft me. My unfor- tunate two or' three fentences, and a long ^ . note # f ■*■ .' 1^ I Hiote refpcdlng the .tr^nfadlions from July 1-765, to Auguljt 1766.-'— He ^ ^ apology in this for .the miftakes of his patrons. It is no in>ppt?tion u^on any man to fay, that he is not a heavt i *;n minifler 5 nor to fup- pofe that a nohl^; ^n, who never fcrved jn apy office but .that of a Lord of the King's bed*chaniber before ;he wa? called to the head of the treaf^ry, wanted advice and direction. Inlg^ing the;bl^me of his mear fures, therefore, ppbn thofe he advifed with, I not Only did him juftice, bjit cafl: a cen^ furc upon thofe, who I thought ought to bear it; and if every ,fet qf men whp are advifed with by mniifters, or called upon to give evidence before parliament, and mifreprefent the truth, were in like man- ner reprehended, it might be a means of reftoring credit to the opinions of merchants upon commercial points, and of bringing advantage to the nation, by inducing mini- ilers to adopt their public- fpirited propoii- j -.1 tions. / r 45 ] tlons. This writer, however, will not fuf* fer me to blame the advijers, of that ad* miniftration. He may have his reafons foe laying the fault upon his patrons, and I enter not into them ; fo there let it remain. My ftridture upon the conduct of foreign affairs he is ftill more provoked at, (page 83) — When the Ruffian bufincfs is^«//7W, it will be time enough to enter into its merits. I£ however, the Governor and Company of the Ruffia •merchants be content with what was done in 1766, I am fure I fhall make no objcftion, much lefs do I wi(h to throw any refledtions upon the gentleman who tranfaded that bufinefs, or to lefTen the credit of his addrefs from the conful or fac- tors at St. Peterfburg, I fliall therefore pafs it over. With rcfpedt to the affairs of Italy, he chufes to be iilent ; but as to Spain, he alTures us, that mofl vigorous reprefenta- tions were tranfmitted to that court in refe- rence to the Manilla ranfom. He does not however deny, that they were prcfented by Lord Rochford's chaplain, which was all that I had faid ; nor does he tell us, hovf much additional efficacy they derived from the dignity of the minifler's charadter, nor the refped" which was paid by the Spanidi court to a proteflant ecclefiaftic. He pru*- dently palfes over the charge of neglecting to ftate or demand fatisfadtion for the main- tenance of the French prifoners, not inclu- ded in the agreement of 1764, which was [46 I iurely a moft unaccountable negkdf, for it Could only be nrgkSi in fuch fpirited mini- fters, who were 16 well acquainted with the debilitated condition of Franpe,or couldhave been fo well informed of it by this writer. However, he gives us to hope, that great matters would have been performed zgtxn^ France, if that adminiftration had continu- ed ', for he aflures us, that towards its clpfe^ " the Duke of Richmond obtained, large offers ' with regard to Dunkirk, but his grace had probably refigned before he had time to tompleat the agreement, for we have heard nothing of it fince. The Canada bijls is the grand fubjedl of his triumph, and as that buiinefs was concluded, tho* } nm a- - fraid not intirely finifhed during h great friend's adminillration, he is in the right to fwagger upon it. " He fays, the Earl of " Hallifax never did, nor could refufe to ** fign that convention, becaufe that con- '* vention as it.Jlands never was before him". That Lord Hallifax did refufe tofign/te cou" mention I never faid, but that the Earl of Hallifax did refufe to agree to the principal conditions of that convention I did lay, tho' neither by his Lordfliip's pcrmiffion or direction, but I founded my declaration on the ajjertion of th^ proprietors of the Canada Billst as it flands in a petition of theirs in- tended for parliament, and carried up by them to miniilry. , Want I f 47 '1 Want of pfecifioa is another of this writer'i charges againft the author of the State of the Nation j and he fupports his Accufation moft admirably, by the contrafl: of his own exartfiple. I ihall not be at the pains of cxpoiing his evafions and contra- dictions in niore than one inftance ; be- caufc, as bis bufinei's was only to mifrepre- '"'^ftt and fallify his doing it without preci- fion has xki^femblance of virtue, or is at leaft a fign that his heart is not quite as bad as his head. In the compafs of his work, he gives the State of the Nation to three fcvcral perfonflj and unites and feparates them juft as it fervcs his turn, or gives va- ' :*nety to the ftream of his calumny. j^-fln page 21 he fays, ** the extreme fallacy r** of this account catinot elcape any reader ^** who will be at the pains to compare the ■*1* intereft of money with which he qffrms >^:* us to have been loaded in his State of the ** Nation, with the items of the principal ;^** debt, to which he refers in his Conjidera- *' tims\ The fame perfon is here made to *be the author both of the Conjideratiom -and the State of the Nation \ but a little lower in the fame page, he gives each to a different author 5 for «* he wifhes, that thefe . ** gentlemen would lay their heads together y " that they would confider this matter, and * ** agree upon fomething". Throughout his , book, he more than hints, that the great • . ^ ' G 2 Statel-. X mi,-. ! Si "' 1 :m <( €€ it ■€S <( <( r 48 1 Statcfman, who was at the head of the trcafbfy in 1764, is the author of the State 0/ the Nation ; and in page 56, he lays it at his do6i« and carries it off again with all i.ia^}':*^.bb facility, and without the leaft a- ./lo^ . ** To excufe, fiays he, any 'appear- ance of inconpjijncy between the authors adtions and his declarations, that he thought it right to relieve the landed in- tereft (of the fhilling in the pound) and lay the burden where it ought to lie on the Colonies, &c." Here Mr. G — is di- rectly faid to be the author, for the fake of charging him v/ith wcofT^kncy ; but that purpofe being happily afFedted in a few lines of abufe, he takes up the brat, andgivds it to its father again. For a little lower he fays, *• If I am rightly informed, when that meafure (the land tax) was debated In par- liament, a very different reafon was aflign- ed by the authors great friend, as well as by others, for that redudtion*. Having * So eagerly does this writer pant after the execra- ble delight of giving birth to a calumny, that he turns out of his way to enjoy what he thinks a fit fubje£lfor mifreprcfentation. The aftonifliment of M. D'Eon*s friends, that the King of England's ratifications of the treaty of Paris were given to him to carry, afforded a hint to his ob- lique perception, for traducing the peace, and even glancing a calumny at the K— himfelf ; and accord- singly he preverts the aftonifhment of D'Eon's friends at the hono4r conferred on him, in appointing him the mjfenger. . ; t as f 49 ] Having now given an anfwer to the moft . material charges of this writer, in rcfpe<3: ,to the principal parts of my Pamphlet, the narrative and ft ate of faSis, I fhall makp but little reply to liis objedions againft th? hints I threw out (for they are no more than hints) for relieving the nation from the burdens which opprefs it. They were the beft means I could think of, and I ani forry, they are not better than they appear to be to this writer. I reall}^^ thought it not very criminal in me, to fuggeft fom^ means of accommodating matters between meffenger^ into an aftoniihment in the court of France at our concejfiom contained in the treaty. J'ai apportai a Verfailles il eft vrai les ratifications du Roi d'An-. gleterre, a voftre grand fetonnement et a celui de bien d'autres. Jedois cela au bontes du Roi d'An- cleterre a celles de milord Bute, a monf. le comte a« Viry a monf. le Due de Nivernois et a '• fin a mon fcavoir faire ;" are the words he quotes from monf. D*Eon (page 20) and from them he draws this unwarrantable inference, "that the court of Frana *' wai a/ionijhed at our conceffions" Has the effrontery to inftnuate^ that the French court entertained fuch un- worthy notions of the honour of our gracious fove- reign, as to be ajionijhedy that his majefty ratified the treaty his ambaflador had figned by his orders ? Or would inuendo to the people, that their beloved P— was concerting with Lord Bute, monf. Viry, and the Duke de Nivernois, to make concejjiotis which (hould ajlonijh the court of France ? yet one or other of thefe vile flanders does he endeavour to extra(9: ffom the fim- ple declaration monf. D'Eon makes of the fenfe his. friends entertained ofthe honour done him, by commit- ting to his care the conveying the ratifications' from London to j^aris. . .■ • " ' '•' ' the «c C( (C \.IK., ■ '.i. ' i' f 50] the Colonies and this Country ; and I wifli- ed to draw the bond of connecftion ftill clofer between the people of Ireland and Great Britain. But I am now heartily con- cerned, that I fuggefted any thing with fuclj. a tendency ; for the malignancy of this un- happy man's heart, and his rage for mif- reprefentation, have worked him up to an endeavour to infufe jealouiies into the peo- ple of Ireland, and to provoke them to re- jedk every overture for the common good of both nations. He aims to infinuate to them (in Page 51) that fhould the wi(hcs of the trued friends of this great Empire be regarded, and that great Statefman, who he does me the honour to call my friend, be again called to a chief feat in the King's council, that they are to expedt to have a Land Tax impofed upon them by an ^^ of the Britiih Parliament. This too he does at the very inftant he w?8 quoting my ex- preflions, " that I hoped Ireland might be in^ ** duced to take a {hare of the public bur- ** dens upon herfelf ;" and owns, that I had held out to the people of that kingdom fome advantages as equivalents for their do- ing lb. I had indeed pointed out a Land Tax, as the nK)ft proper mode for railing the fum I had mentioned; but even the mifchievous ingenuity of this writer can-, not wreft my cxpreffions, into a defign of : t . impoflng ^^t { 'K . Mf- \ .A. »• Ihc in- of rsi 1 impofing that tax by a, ,;\' ,/ utter deceit, lift up his eye to heaven and fi^pplicate a blefling? " He who had moji need of blejjingf Could not fay Amen, For Amenjiuck in his throat , And his tongue refufed to pronounce it, ' Macbeth- (i i( <( >» For my own part, I am not afhamed to profefs, that,' to me the welfare and happinefs of my king and of my country are very interefting concerns, and that, of all human controversies I think that which has the good of the people and the fafety or the flate for its fubjedt, the moft impor- tant, and deferves to be treated with the moft folemnity. *• The fool may fcatter ** his firebrands and death, and fay ami not ** infport?" but the man who refledls upon the fatal confequences which may follow to millions of his fellow creatures from a wrong meafure in government, or from an ill founded or miftaken opinion adopted by the people, will be cautious how he advances a falfehood, or mifreprefents a truth — I have honeftly given my opinions to my country. I wifti them to be con- fidered as they really are, only the opinions of an inlignificant individual, open to amendment or [confutation, and no other- . -. V, . ■ .^ -■. wayr A 62 ] i^aye nKfiting attention than as th^y may ferve to convey information, to difcover public evils, or point out remedies. lean lay my b^ni upon my heart and fay fiich are its wifhes, and tet him who reprehends me do the fame. FINIS. i 1 ,1;^*;^, >•*■• !-[....: •> ~ fc * ■♦ y.r-' . J,"- # POSTSCRIPT. . I had pafTcd over, without remark, the charge which the writer of the Obfervati* ons makes againfl me in page 22, of hav- ing committed an error of 139,250/. in the fum which I had Aated as the intereil chargeable on the unfunded debt at the clofe of the war ; for having in another part of my book, when 1 Ihewedhow the unfund- ed debt had been difpofed of, proved, that the whole of that fum of 9,975,017/. except 1,226,915/. navy debt, was either adually difcharged with money, or placed in exche- quer bills atintereft, or funded ; I thought the lead intelligent of my readers would have been able to have convi(^ed him of the mifreprefentation, and to havejuftified me in computing the intered: at the fum I did. However, as from fome late publica- tions I find that is not the cafe, I think myfelf obliged to fet the public right in that matter, and to bring one more cen- fure upon the author of the Obfervations, When I was ftating the whole expence of the late war, and the burdens which w^re - brought upon the people of this country ia confequence of it, I thought it juft to add fuch Turns as then appeared to be due, or were afterwards allowed to be then due, al- tho* no provifion had been then made for them to the amount of the funded debt; and this writer makes no objection to my having done fo. But if it was right to in- clude thefe fums in the account of the debt, was it nut equally juft to make a charge for •..,.ffi nm m r 62 J for the intcreft, which mufl: necefTarily ac- crue upon them fo Ibon as they became , funded debts, or if they (hould be dif-' charged with money taken up at intereft, ©r with which other debt? might have been difcharged which actually carried intereft? The plain ftate of the cafe therefore is this.' It appears, that at the clofe of the war the nation was indebted in the fum of 9,975,017/. for which no fund had been provided. In the courfe of a few years, however, th? whole of this fum, except 1,226,915/. has been either paid off with money, or charged upon funds, or placed in exchequer bills at intereft. Now, had I a right in cftimating the charge brought upon the nation by the war to make account of the intereft, which the nation was in fu- ture to pay for fuch part of this unfunded debt, as was neceffarily to be provided for, and which has been adually provided for ? Let us then fee how the account ftands. '' Paid off in 1764 and 1765, ^. 4,092,058 Funded in 1765, 1,500,000 Funded in 1766, 1,356,044 ^ 6,948,102 Placed in Exchequer bills f "; 1,800,000 Navy debt not demanded ' - 1,226,915 9»975'Oi7 Now if we charge this fum of6,948, 102 /, which was actually paid off or funded, ashavr ing occafioned a charge for intereft to the na- tion for that fum at /^per cent, which was then the public rate for money, exclufive of dou- ;> , . .-, ceurs. ,1 •r> \i - ^*- r 63 1 ccurs, the amount will be 277,924/. and if to ^ that fum be added thcintcreft on the i ,800,000 exchequer bills at 3 per cent, which is 54,000/. the whole will be 331,924/. bo far was I therefore from over- rating the l:harge for intereft which this fum of '9,975,017/. hsls occafioned tb the nation, that I eftimated it 32,674/. below what it appears to be in this way oi reckoning ; and 1 do not fee that there is any fallacy in it. But to take the matter in this writer's own "way. In this furtl of 9,975,0 1 7 /. is included 4,576915 /. navy debt, and of this he fays no more than 2,200,000 /. carried intereltji therefore we ate to dedu<^ 2,426,915/. from the capital fum, and there will then re* tnam 7,548,102/. which he does not deny ^as either to be paid with mohey or fund- ed ; now, computing this fum at an intered of 4 pe ' cent, it will have occafioned a charge to the nation of 301,924 /. which ftill exceeds the fum I have ftated. What fpirit It is that poflefTes this writer, and prompts him thus to mifrcprefent in fuch flagrant inftances, I will not pretend to fay, but it mud certainly be a flrange infatuauon, that could incite him to admit, that a debt of 9,975,017/. was fairly due, andyet toaflert, that 160,000 /. was the whole charge which ought to havb been made for intereft on account of it. Nay more, he does not de- ' ny, that I have given a juft account of the difpofalof this fum of 9,975,017 /. and that no mote of it remains to be provided for . ; K 2 (inclu- p ; ■*' J [ 64 ] (including the exchequer bills which carry intcrcft) than 1,226,015/. and that confc- quently 8,748,102 /. has been paid oiFwith" money funded, or difpofed of, and yet he will not allow that any charge for intereft fhould be made in eflimating the expence which the war occafioned to the nation upon a greater fum than 4 millions, as if the other 4,748,1021. coft nothing. The writer of the Budget in 1764, and of the State of the Na*- tion in 1765, was of a very different opinion, in regard to the burden of this unfunded debt, from thii author. One of the Budget author's charges upon the nati- onal revenue is, " for the intereft of about 6,000,000 of out'fianding debts, at the rate of 4 per cent, which muft diredlly or eventually come out of the permanent revenue 240,000/." This was in the year 1764, and before the juft fum of the unfunded debt incurred by the war could be fully afcertained. But what would the Budget author have faid to me, if, in fta- tingtbe account of that debt, at a future time, when the fum of it was not only known, but provifion (exchequer bills inclu- ded) actually made for 8,748,102 /. if I had cftimated the charge brought upon the na- tion by this unfunded debt at no more than 1 60,000 /. which is the fum the author of the Obfervations fays 1 ought to have com- puted it at ? The writer of the State of the Nation in 1765 would have beenftill more .provoked at mc, if I had done as the Obfer^ I, vations ti €t « C< X '\ -;V ■i 1 f T- [65] nations would have had me ; for it was one of his capital cenfurcs upon Mr. Grcnville's adminiflration, that more of this unfund- ed debt was not provided for, in/lead of pay- ing off a funded debt, which carried an in- tereft of 4 per cent, — The unfunded debt, fays he (page 33) amounts to more than ten millions, of which nearly feven is otdt» ftanding. And do miniflers rhink, that the Junds can bold up their heads, when they fee, that if public affairs Should make it neceifary to provide but half a million extraordinary, we mud wade through a loan of more than ten times that fum to get at it. God forbid ! that fo heavy a calamity fhould overtake us ; but if the clouds of war fhould gather, who will give pledge to the ftock-holders, that their property fhall not be reduced to one " half of its prefent value, while the firft ** ^fpedt of a war (hall have to confront ** a loan of feven or eight millions ?" In the fame flrain does this writer go on thro' almof): his whole pamphlet, fright- ening himfelf and the public with this ter- rible bugbear, the unfunded and out-Jianding debt. And yet the charge for intereft which it occafioned to the nation, the Ob" fervations tell us ought to be computed at no more than 1 60,000 /. which upon ten millions is not i ^ per cent, and upon feven or eight, which is the fum he fays ought to be funded, is not 2 ^ taking it at the Toweft alternative feven millions. Now what a Grange « « « <( C( <( <4 « 4t t€ €€ ii i\ [66] . ftrange financier does the Obferver make of this author; he fhews him to have been in*-' vcighing againfl Mr. G. for not horrow- ing money at 4 per cent, in ordfer to pay off a debt which did not bear an intereft of 2 T p^f' cent, which of the gentlemtn i^ right I will not take upon me to determine, ^*' but I Willi they would lay their heads to- ** gether, and agree upon fomething'*.' In the mean timc^ I (hall take the liberty of letting my fum of 299,250/. remain, as the charge brought upon the nation for in- terefl by the unfunded debt of 9,975.0 17 /. computing it at 3 per cent, inftead of 4, which was the then rate of Intered, ancJ thereby making an allowance foi* non-inte- reft fums equivalent to a d^duftion of J from the whole capital ; for it is the fame thing to compute intereft oX /!^ per cent, oii 7,48'^ ^63/. or 1 per cent, on 9,975,017//' ji 1 had alfo omitti6|| to take notice of the O^/Jr'Ut^r's infmtatitm, page 15, that I had' my reafons for Hopping (hort at thfe yfear 1 76 1, in the account 1 gave of the {flip- ping ; for that if I had given 1762, I ftiould have {hewn, that our tonnage va as in a courfe of uniform migmcntadon. Now does he forget, that the preliminaries for the peace were figned on the 3d of November in the yiear 1762 • and would he have had mt give that year as 2 year of War ? Does he not fee, that in all my commercial eftimates, I take the year 1762 as a yearof peace, altho' there were but 7 weeks of it to come when the preli- cj:;;. u; minaries . /:■,..(■ A. [67] minaries were figneu ? And I did it for this leafon, that upon all fuch great events, asi war or peace, merchants take their mea-v ^' furea immediately , and the efFedls are almoftir indanianeatis. In the Appendix to the Qb'\ fervatiom the author exults, at having found the exports to Jamaica in 1767 larger thaa, - in either of the preceding years. He owns, however, that the account qi the trade for thi?t year was not made up lioben I wrote, and consequently, I am not chargeable with wilful milrepreientation. But that account - was made up and prefented before he puh- lifhed his Obfervations, and in this inftance he Hiews us, that he had adtually feen it when he was writing his Appendix. Why had he not then the candour, or even dif- cretion, to make fome apology for all the accufations he has made againft me, a^^ having ftated the ballance of our trade too low, in calling it 2,^00,000/? Or indeed, how could he fufFer his own pages to go a-* broad, in which he had fo largely promifed his countrymen an increajlng trade^ and led them to expert a ballance oi no lefs than 4 millions? .-=5.-. v';r ? * i ;^; 1;) ,. :: ^ ■ The account, tho' a public on^, is tm much in m\ favour to make it prudent to inn fert it here, and I fhall take no farther no- tice of it, than to beg of my Countrymen to believe, that it does npt exceed the fum which I have ftated. It is not improbable, that the feveral cor- rc(ftions which I have made in the fourth edition 't-.: i i ' \i •5.. ' '. H ??F '?'?''* "^ hi m .f f m flitSoti of the prefeiit State of the Naiion, tnay be imputed by the author of the 0^- fervatiom to the informations contained in bis work ; he has my leave to do fo, for al« tho' I had made them before his work ap- peared, yet I certainly (hould have adopted his corrediions, if I had not before been fnp- plied with the fame. I take information chearfuUy from whoever will be at the pains to give it, and I objedt not to it becaufe of the ungracious manner in which }t is con- ^^ vey'd 5 docere ahhofte is my maxim in all mat- ters iivhich regard the public j and however I might heiitate to admit the writer into my confidence, I fhall always be ready to avail myfelf of his communications. In the courfe of my inveftigation of the fallacies and mifreprefentations contained in the Obferva^ tions, I fear it has happened, that the indig- nation which always arifes in honed minds upon the detection of premeditated fraud, has prompted my pen to fet down fome expref- fions, which convey ftronger ideas of dif- liket to the author, than the degree of offence which he has given to me ought to have ex- WiiStcdy or than 1 really entertain. If the reader fhould be of that opinion, I afk his pardon ; and if the author of the Obferva-t tions thinks fo likewife, I give him leave to rejoin in language fllll mce abufive than that which he has dre^dy made u(e of. Sr** FINIS. ~™""TB«J ^ $ #r** . \i !i ! I