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 CANADIAN 
 
 Numismatic Bibliography 
 
 .A. I^E•VIE'W 
 
 .1'. 'y, 
 
 V«i..' 
 
 OF 
 
 ■vil'r 
 
 Mr. R. W, McLaclilan's "Canadian Numismatics," 
 
 AND OTHER 
 
 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS 
 
 DESCRIBING 
 
 CANADIAN COINS & MEDALS 
 
 Ptontreai 
 
 REPRINTED FROM 
 
 ( 1 
 
 THE GAZETTE. 
 
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CANADIAN 
 
 Numismatic Bibliography 
 
 j^ i^:b-vxe!"W 
 
 OF 
 
 Mr, R. W. McLachlan's ''Canadicin Numismatics, 
 
 II 
 
 AND OTHER 
 
 BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS 
 
 DESCRIBING 
 
 CANADIAN COINS & MLDALS 
 
 Pontitai : 
 
 REPRINTED FROM " THE GAZETTE.' 
 
 1886 
 
i'-. 
 
 ■<■; 
 
 «■«■ 
 
 ^■< 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 A REVIEW. 
 
 A knowltxi^ije of the coins of a nation or age 
 is almost equivalent to a knowle(la;e of the 
 history ami charact Miotics of its peopK'. A 
 learned numismatist has a more thorough 
 knowledge ot history then the average iiistor- 
 ian In their coins we learn as much of the 
 art, the religion, the geography and the his- 
 tory as we do of the currency of the Greeks. 
 Th«3 coinauo of the Roman r -public is a his- 
 tory of its great tamilies And the details of 
 the history of Bactria and one or two other 
 eastern nations is only known by their money. 
 
 The history theri-fore of any country is not 
 complete without a history of its coinage. 
 And numismatist? have in many departments 
 done their work thoroughly. Over and over 
 again has the story of the Greek drachma or 
 the Roman denarius been told with increa*-- 
 ing interest. And their descendant, the Eng- 
 lish penny, tells more fully than aught else 
 of (he thousand years throughout which 
 the Anglo-Saxon has risen, developed and 
 sp-ead. 
 
 We in Canada also have something t*. 
 learn from the form and finish of our medium 
 of exchange. We cannot boast of the art of 
 the Greek drachma, the wonderful family 
 history of the Roman denarius or the long 
 eventful reign of the English penny. And 
 
ynt our rnrrcncy Ik only h lalrral dcvflojinioul 
 uf tliiit pttiiny. ItH Htory too has Ih'vu told 
 uiui retold. 
 
 Til 1R()2 th« Rov. H. ChrihtmHw. F.U S., con. 
 ti ihiitt'd an articlr U, The Numismalic Chronicle^ 
 publiKhed in London, on " Tht5 copper 
 (•oinuK« of the IJiitinh colonies in Ann'iiia ' 
 The coinnpe of the West Indies, an well aw 
 that of Canada, i« therein deKcribtdjfhe whole 
 covering twenty-two page**. He aKcilbeH 
 altog< ther only eighty-nine coins to Canada 
 and Newfoundland, of whicli two do not ex- 
 ist and one is iindouhtedly Irisli. Still a num- 
 ber of the rarer coins, for a long time only 
 known to Canadian collectors through this 
 work, are described. 
 
 In the same year the Numismatic Society 
 of Montreal was founded, and little if any 
 time was lost in organizing a committee to 
 describe the Canadian coins. The committee 
 consisted of Messrs. A. J. Boucher, L A. H. 
 Latour, J. It, BrouKdon and James Rattray, 
 who were "authorized to prepare and pub- 
 lish a complete catalogue of British North 
 American coins," The committee entered 
 into their work with vigor, and, before the 
 clope of 1863, sixteen pages were printed, 
 describing seventy-two coins of Lower 
 Canada. A French edition was printed 
 Himult neouply. The title page reads: — «» A 
 catalogue of the silver and icopper coins oi 
 Canada and of the other North American pro- 
 vinces." The rea^-ons for entering upon the 
 work are thuR set forth in the preface : — 
 
 *' Ou the formation of the society, the atten- 
 
tinn ot the meniburs was direrted to Nuniis- 
 nirttio in >?onoraI. It wuh not long, h»)W(,V('r, 
 bi'fore Hcvrnil motobors very nHtnrally direct- 
 ed their reHcurrlieH toward the coins of tliese 
 provinceH. TIju comimnitlvidy avvni rarity — 
 tho artintic oxcfllt'iice of nuraerous Hpi'iiuu-ns 
 — and divers curious incidents bearint; on thchio 
 coins, excited tlie greatest astoni-liinent and 
 furnished ample nia'erial for many intoreHting 
 reflections and surmisen." 
 
 '• Few persons Dutside the society, appear 
 to hove been awart; of many of these intertist- 
 ijjg facts — indeed tlie exiHteikce of several of 
 these coins hereafter described, appears to 
 liave been altogether ignored even by most 
 residents ot these provinces." 
 
 Towards the close of the year the energy of 
 the 001 jmittce beuan to flag, so that they never 
 got beyond the first sixteen pages. Mr. 
 Rattray died soon afterwards, after wliich the 
 committee lapsed. 
 
 For a time the interest in the work died 
 out, but a numismatic interest was renewed 
 in the city by the sale of Mr. Rattray's 
 collection, fed lowed shortly afterwards by 
 that of another member of the committee, Mr. 
 Boucher. 
 
 About the year 1867 another committee 
 was appointed consisting of Mr. Bronsdon, 
 the moat active member of the old committee, 
 and Mr. Alfred Sardhara. They, finding it 
 impossible to make any use of the old at- 
 tempt, commenced anew. After considerable 
 progress had been made, Mr. Bronk^ifon re- 
 signed ; and Mr. Sandhara determined to 
 carry on the woik in his own name. In 
 1869 therefore "The coins, medals and tokens 
 of the Dominion of Canada" by Alfred Sand- 
 ham was issued. After a historical introduc- 
 
tion of (*ip:ht pfiK^t*, ho rlefirrihert two hund- 
 red and tUiv flight CniiudJAn citiii'^ and nicdulH 
 hrHidcH tncittionin^ u niimht'i ot varie> 
 lien A ^U|)pIf»ral'llt wmk innned tn 
 thin work, in 1872, deK rilling 
 
 fltty«one ndditional |iit'ccc, iniikin^ a total of 
 threu hiiiidi'i'd (iHd nino From this shnuld 
 h«' <U*(hut«'d thiityoht! that arti not (.'anndiun 
 «»r that were never KtriK k. 
 
 Mr. Sandhani tian also will tun several 
 hroi'hiires on the sann' Huhjtct. 'I'he liihl of 
 tht ?f th«; "PrincH ot Wales' nu.'(lal8,''a|)poared 
 in 1871, deHcribintr weven medalmithf r com- 
 iDf'ni(«rative <»f \he Prince's visit in 18G0. or 
 piesentt'd by him tu be awarded in neveral ot 
 our schools and colleKP**. It consintsof twtutv 
 pa^eH, piintcd in Montrtal It 1872 he issu- 
 ed a similar woikon " McGill colle^o an<l its 
 mtdals," descrihiiif' alioi;other eigtit that are 
 awarded annually in that institution. Tht) 
 main portion of the work, forty out of forty- 
 lour pages, is devoted to a history of the col- 
 lege making it of little value as a work on 
 numismatics. Both of these works are print- 
 ed only on one side of the page; and what 
 gives them their greatest charm is the beauti- 
 ful photographs, of the medals described, 
 with which they are illustrated. In the same 
 year he wrote a four page pamphlet describ- 
 ing seven "Montreal trade tokens. " 
 These private tokens, advertisements of 
 old business firms, are all figured in a full 
 paged lithographic Illustration. This was 
 printed in Boston. ♦' The historic medals of 
 Canada," his last work, before relinquishing 
 the study, appeared in 1873. It consists of 
 
 
twenty -four pujjcH df scribing a number of 
 luedalK rulatinK mainly to the conqiieitt. Ah it 
 wan written tu be read before the Literary and 
 ilistorical Hociety ot Queltcc, it waa printed 
 in that city. 
 
 In 1874 Mr. William Kingnford wrote a 
 monugrapli entitled '* A Canadian potitiral 
 coin." He atteroptn to ^ive the hintory of what 
 is known aH the Vexator CanadenBiH,a coin or 
 rather two coinH Himilar in design, whooe 
 legend and origin are a puzzle to collectors. 
 By conHiderable twiuting and turning of the 
 almost indecipherable legend on the reverse 
 he makes Renunillot Viseape to read Non 
 illoi Via Cape re and translates it Don't 
 you wish you may catch them." This he 
 ezplaiiiS as a satire on the administration of 
 Sir James Craig, who was Gorernor of Lower 
 Canada in 1811. The monograph first appear- 
 ed as an article in the Canadian Antiquariau 
 and was afterwards printed at Ottawa. 
 
 Towards the close of 1877 the extensive 
 collection formed by Jules Fonrobert, was 
 disposed of by auction in Berlin for which a 
 profusely illustrated catalogue was prepared 
 by Herr Adoiph Weyl. Part I., a volume 
 of nearly six hundred pages, is confined en- 
 tirely to the coins of North America. Two 
 hundred and twenty-two coins and medals 
 are therein ascribed to Canada, a number new 
 to collectors and some credited to the Domin- 
 ion for the first time, although several, as for 
 instance the Bank of England dollar, are im- 
 properly so credited. The descriptions are 
 more full than Sandham's, giving, as is the 
 
8 
 
 Qerman custom, much of minute detail. As 
 it was only written as an auction catalogue 
 of a single private collection it is not claimed 
 to be exhaustive or even as an authority, yet 
 it is often quoted as such by numismatists. 
 The Canadian portion of the collection realized 
 upwards of GOO marks ($150). 
 
 A small pamphlet of sixteen pages was 
 
 issued in 1882 by J. LeRoux, M.D. It is, 
 to a great extent, an abbreviated account ot 
 descriptions given by Sand ham in which 
 many of his errors are copied. A number 
 of additional pieces are mentioned. He 
 does not attempt to catalogue the 
 medals. The total number described 
 are two hundred and nine, from 
 which should be deducted over twenty that 
 are not Canadian, or which are simply 
 counter-sunk checks. 
 
 Dr. LcRoux in 1883 again favored the pub- 
 lic with dr pamphlet on Canadian coins 
 entitled "Numismatic atlas for Canada," In it 
 he gives cuts of two hundred and thirty coins 
 from which fifteen should be deducted for 
 similar reasons to the last. This is printed 
 in French and English. The illustrations 
 render it invaluable to collectors begin- 
 ning work on the Canadian series. 
 
 Much has been added to the knowledge of 
 Canadian coins through the Canadian 
 Aniiquarien and Numismatic Journal. There 
 have been contributed to its pages many 
 aiticles describing or elucidating the history 
 of new or rare coins and medals. The jour- 
 
9 
 
 nal still contirnes to publish articles on the 
 subject. 
 
 Mr. Sandham waH the chief mover in 
 establi^;hitig the Antiqvnrian, and, while able 
 seconded by other mt'nibers of the Society, he 
 for a number of years did the bulk of the 
 editrrial work, contiibuting at the same time 
 most of the Numismatic articles. Other 
 articles on this subject were contributed by 
 Mr M( Lachlun, wlio, after the retirement of 
 Mr. Saudham, became for a time chief editor ; 
 he has ever since continued to contribute 
 many, if not the mjijor part, of the articles 
 on Canadian coins and medals. 
 
 Its pioneer on this continent, The 
 American Journal of Numismatics, has 
 also devoted considerable space to 
 Canadian numismatics, giving it a place se- 
 cond only to that of the United States. 
 
 Notices or descriptions of Canadian 
 coins occur in several books pub- 
 lished in Great Britain and Ger- 
 many, among which may be mention- 
 ed Humphrey's *' Coinage of the British Em- 
 pire," and Beschreibung der Bekanntesten 
 Kupjermunzen, by Josef Neumann. 
 
 The Hon. George M. Parsons, of Columbus, 
 Ohio, wrote, in 1884, a very interesting paper 
 on " The Colonial Jetons of Louis XV, and 
 other pieces relating to the French colonial 
 possessions in America and to their conquest 
 by England." Although it was written from 
 an American standpoint it describes pieces 
 that for the most part have a more direct re- 
 
10 
 
 fereiice to Canada. A well executed photo- 
 type illustration, portraying sonae of the rarer 
 varieties, renders the pamphlet much more 
 attractive. 
 
 Last year two articles by Mr. E, Zay, of Paris, 
 appeared in the Revue Numismatique. In 
 these articles, under the title, Notice sur Quel- 
 ques Monnaies des Colonies Franeaisea^ Mr. 
 Zay describes, among others, all the coins stnick 
 for Canada under the old regime. One coin 
 which ho describes is altogether new to us. 
 In his researches he had hunted up some of 
 the original^ documents in which the order 
 was given for the striking of these early col- 
 onial coinages. These documents, which he 
 prints in full, show clearly that the Oloriam 
 Regni and what are called the Louisana 
 pieces of 1721 and 1722 were struck for and 
 circulated in Canada. 
 
 Papers have also been written on kindred 
 subjects by Mr. James Stevenson, of Quebec, 
 two of which may be noticed; "The Cur- 
 rency of Canada after the Capitulation," and 
 ' • The Card Money of Canada.' ' A number 
 of other works have appeared relating to the 
 currency which need not be mentioned here. 
 
 The number of works that had already ap- 
 peared on the subject would seem to have 
 precluded anyone else entering the field, but 
 to-day we have before us a copy of ** Canadian 
 Numismatics, a catalogue of the coins, tokens 
 and medals, of the Dominion of Canada and 
 Newfoundland," by R. W. McLacblan. This 
 work describes six hundred and nineteen 
 
11 
 
 coinp and medals nearly a third of which are 
 hero mentioned lor the firt^t time. Ah is stat- 
 ed in the preface, the work in mainly a reprint 
 of articles that appeared in the American 
 Journal of Numismatics, and as the first two of 
 these arlicles Were printed in 1880 and they 
 were not written with the expectation ttiat the 
 work wonld reach snch proportions, the earliei 
 paj^es are somewhat incomplete. One (iefert 
 in the work is that there is no historical 
 f^k« tch of the coinage and currency of the 
 Dominion. This defect is, to some extent, 
 made up by the short historical nottJS follow- 
 n^ the description of each coin. These n'otes 
 add much to the interest of the book and re- 
 lieve it of the dryness connected with a sim- 
 ple catalogue. Some of these may be quoted 
 with interest. In describing the French- 
 American jetons, he states of that of 1755 
 which bears the golden fleece that : — 
 
 ' ' Many were the Jasons in thoye adventurous 
 days who set out for Hew France expecting to 
 return with the much coveted auriferous prize. 
 But the fieeeing of the poor habitants indulg- 
 ed in by some of their governors was the 
 nearest approach to the Golden Fleece which 
 was ever attained by them. To this cause, 
 more than to all others, may we attribute the 
 failure of French anticipations in the build- 
 ing up of a glorious empire in America." 
 
 In describing the T. S. Brown token, Mr. 
 
 McLachlan states that: — 
 
 '•This token was issued in 1832 or 1833 
 as a substitute for change. It not only 
 proved useful, but became a source of profit 
 to the importer. It also coined a name for 
 Mr. Brown by which he has since been famili- 
 arly known among his friends — * Copper 
 
18 
 
 :il 
 
 Tommy.' He took part in the rebellion of 
 1837 commandinff the rebels at St. Cliarles." 
 
 In his opening parae:rRph the author states 
 
 that :~ 
 
 "In preparing an amended catalogue of 
 coins and medulK r«'hitir:g to Canada, I in- 
 tend to depart Rnraewhat from the order 
 adopted by Sand ham." 
 
 Sandham and LeRoux had followed in 
 their catalogues the clasf^iticalion adopted 
 by Chrislmas, who placed Newfdundland 
 first on the list, mnde a separate head- 
 ing for the Kinjjle coin of the Mag- 
 dalen Islands and arranged those of 
 the old united province of Canai'a 
 together without distinguishing those relat- 
 ing to Ontario or Quebec. He makes a new di- 
 vision for the coins of the old regime and places 
 the Magdalen Islands' coin with those of the 
 province of Quebec. In the separating of 
 the coins of the two large provinces, two 
 , new divisions become necessary, those be. 
 longing to the old united province and such 
 as have been issued by the Dominion Gov- 
 ernment or have no local bearing. All these 
 divisions render the arranging of the coins 
 more easy. 
 
 Another feature of the work is the arrange- 
 ment of the un sou series. This group of 
 coins issued during the troublesome times 
 that preceeded the rebellion have always 
 perplexed collectors. How to distinguish 
 and select the different varieties has been no 
 easy question to t-ettle. Mr. MtLachlan ex- 
 plains his arrangement thus : 
 
 *' Before describing the un sou tokens it may 
 be well to explain how they are to be arranged. 
 
13 
 
 To ni(j tht'y form the most intereKting series 
 of coiriK issued iu Canada, for there is still 
 njiieh of Joystery RurrouiKniij; them— The 
 quest io!i«: who were the coiners ? where were 
 thry miuted ? who the issuers? and what the 
 nuraher of varieties? — remain to a certain ex- 
 tent unanswered." 
 
 "As all have the same design and the 
 va iations are often slight the series is a 
 ditlerent one to arrange and properly des- 
 cribe. It will he necespaiy to give much of 
 iDinute detail, so as to point out the 
 differences to the collector wishing to know 
 the vacancies in his cahinet The frequent 
 inte'cliange of dies has made the matter still 
 move complicated. It will be seen that some 
 claRsitication (a grouping) of the forty or 
 more known varieties is necessary. The 
 simplest mode of grouping then is by the 
 variations on the reverse. I shall threfore 
 divide the series into nine groups ; (number, 
 ed from A to I, ) determined mainly by the num- 
 ber of leaves in the wreath." 
 
 Although this is a step in the right direc- 
 tion, a series of illustrations of these coins, 
 bearing the emblematic bouqtiet, would have 
 been much more helpful to collectors, and 
 here we may state for a work of the kind it 
 shouM have been much more profusely illus- 
 trsted. While iu connection with the un sou 
 series, we may quote an interesting fact re- 
 gardicg the finding of a pair of dies which 
 illustrates how money was privaiely Coined 
 in those days. 
 
 '•The dies of this coin were found in 
 August, 1863, in the cellar of a building ten- 
 anted by Dr. Picault, a druggist. His son, 
 having some taste for numismatics, saved 
 them from the fate of old iron and presented 
 them to the collection of the Montreal Numis- 
 matic society, then newly organized, and 
 .they were the first treasure of importance 
 
14 
 
 I 
 
 that came into itR poRseHsion. ♦ ♦ • 
 The^e dit'H have never been turned down, rfo 
 an to admit of a collar, which reiuhiK it «iiffi- 
 (;ult, alra(>Ht irnpoHsihIo, to obtain a perfect 
 irapreHwion. The desjji;ri and comi)r»Hition of 
 the bouquet is entirely difi'iTeat from all 
 others of tli»! Henes. It in lik«!ly, especially 
 as the <iieH were discovered here, that they 
 are the woik of Home now forgotten Montreal 
 engraver, and that they were finished too 
 late to he iised in Ktrikin^ coins tor circula- 
 tion before the copper currency of (he times 
 was called down." 
 
 Amonp; other papers contributed by Mr. 
 McLachlan to Canadian numi8matic litera- 
 ture may ho mentioned " The Edward Mur- 
 phy Medal," deRcribinjif a medal j^iveu by 
 that gentleman for annual award at the Cath- 
 olic Commercial Academy ; " The Temper- 
 ance Medals of Canada," a pamphlet de- 
 scribing nixteen struck for the diflf'erent tem- 
 perance organizationR throughout the Domin- 
 ion, and " The Money and Medals of Canada 
 under the Old Regime," a paper rer. ' before 
 the Royal Society of Canada, which 
 api)eared as a pamphlet of twenty- 
 seven pages, giving a shott history of 
 the card monev and describing forty-nine 
 co'ns, medals and jetons. This is a much great- 
 er number than had heretofore been attributed 
 to New France. He also contributed a paper 
 to the American Numismatic and Arcbseolog- 
 ical society of New York, of which he is a 
 corresponding member, on "The Montreal 
 Indian Medal." This paper, printed in the 
 transactions for 1883, gives an interesting 
 history of an old medal, having a, view of 
 the city, that was presented by Sir William 
 
15 
 
 .TohnBon to the Indian chiefs who accom- 
 panied him to Montreal in 17ftO. 
 
 Although descriptions of ko many speci- 
 mona have been added to those that have 
 already appeared in other works, the subject 
 does not seem to i)e by any means exhausted; 
 as part II, which Mr. McLachlan proposes to 
 Issue as a supplement,will contain descript- 
 ions of from three to four hundred addition- 
 al pieces. A supplement is made necessary 
 by the fact that the work appeared first as a 
 serial. And yet no one will regret the 
 necessity of the supplement when we learn 
 that it will contain appendices giving the 
 coins in a tabulated form, translations of the 
 legends and corrections and additional in- 
 formation. It will also contain what is a 
 real necessity a full index. We only hope that 
 we may not have to wait until the close of 
 1888, for the appearence of this supplement. 
 
 Mc- 
 
 From the Mnnfreal Dailii Star- 
 
 " Canadian NrMiSMATics " 8vo. R. W. 
 Lachlan, Montreal. 
 
 Nations leave no more indelible foot- 
 prints to indicate their statues of civiliza- 
 tion than their coins and medals. This 
 }>rancb of study possesses a rare ir terest to 
 those who engage in it, and to such Mr. 
 McLachlan's book will be exceedingly wel- 
 come. Havinir been editor of the Canadian 
 Antiquarian for many year.s and an enthusi- 
 astic numismatist, Mr. McLachlan has been 
 able to put before the public the result of 
 much intelligent research. The earlier pages 
 treat of the coins and medals under the 
 French regime in Canada, the first of which 
 was issued in the year 1670 by Louis XIV. 
 It is worthy of note that in the number and 
 variety of coins and medals issued, the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec leads the Dominion, with 
 
16 
 
 Nova Scotia as flcrorul. The rntin^ nunilier 
 ri'fcnt^d tit liy Mr. McLatlilaii in Iiis worii is 
 ovrv (500, ami liis icnuuks tlurt'oii an- iini- 
 forinly instructive and will' jtrovo intcri'stinK 
 even to tl»o casnal reuficr. 'I lie book is well 
 ^■(>t up and iK ornamentrd by well executed 
 
 wood cuts. 
 
 From the Dnily ^^'itness. 
 
 Mr. R. W. McLaclilan, of Montreal, haH 
 puliliKhed a descriptive catalomie ot tlie 
 coins, tokens and medals issu- d in or relating 
 to the Tkmiinion of Canada, and Nca Tdund- 
 land. The catalogue is a reprint frum the 
 American Journdl of Numii^mdtics, in which 
 the series of articles, now republished, hk a 
 whole first appeared. The work will be 
 interestinjj: to coin coliei^tors, containing as 
 it does short historical notes on many of the 
 coins dejribed. It is well printed on fine 
 paper. 
 
 From the American Journal of Numis 
 
 maticSy Boston. 
 
 Canadian Numismatics. — A descriptive cata- 
 logue of coins, tokens and medals, issued 
 in or relating to the; Dominion of Can- 
 ada and Newfoundland, with notes, giv- 
 ing incidents in the history of many of 
 tliese coins add medals. By Robert 
 "Wallace McLachlan. [Arms of the 
 Dominion.] Montreal; privately printed 
 for the author. Royal S'', pp. 127. 
 
 In this volume, largely reprinted from the 
 pages of the Journal, Mr. McLachlan has 
 added another volume oi valuj to the slowly 
 increasing list of works by American numis- 
 matists. It has been a labor of love to the 
 author, whose diligent study of the coins in 
 his own cabinet, — one of the most extensive, 
 if not indeed the very largest of those de- 
 voted to this special department, — has en- 
 abled him to make an interesting book, as 
 well as one which shows on every page how 
 large an amount of careful research and 
 industrious application he has b&stowed upon 
 it.