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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ,■')';■■ \ \ N ^^ \ ,\ N N\^ HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HON. THE MARQUIS OF LORNE, K. T., P. C. Etc., Go7xnior-G(ncra/ of the Dominion of Caiuzifa. AND HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS LOUISE. PORTRAITS ON OPrOSfTE PAGE. 1 i" EHSRAVtO EXPRESSLY fOR' lUTTLfS HISTORY OF THE DOMINION" Rt. Hon. SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD, K.C.B. THE BURIANO OESBMATS LITHOCOMP' -^ 1 m SBMATS IITHO COMPT / t 1 \ ■i ' \ \ *•«"*»■ MBSCi ■111"*' ■nfit>^.-^ ■ F l ! i ',•" i\\ ■-1 RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD, K.C.B.E Jvr 111,1 iiy runs J'riiiu Minister of thi J'^omiiiion of dvuiJii. rc. FROM HUMBLE BEGINNINGS, BY WELL-DIRECTED TALENT, hi: HAS BECOME. A LEADER IN THE COUNCILS OF ENGLAND'S OUEEN; AND UNDER HIS MATCHLESS TACT AND WISE STATESMANSHIP, THE ONCE STRUGGLING 15RFTISH AMERICAN COLONIES HAVE BEEN ELEVATED TC THI-; POSITION OF A NATION, AND TO A HIGH PLACE AMONG THE GRICAT POVVI'.RS OI-' THE WORLD. J'OKTRAJT ON O/'/'OS/ //■: /'AG/:. ' 1 ENGRAVED fXPRESSLV FOR" lUTTlfS HISTORY Of THE DOMINION" THE BURLANU OESBARMS LIT HO COMP' Hon. EDWARD BLAKE. I ff OESBARXrS LI'IIU COMP ^i: D ^^. ''i^ ^^M.— ■"'■/' \' ■s*^ »!• \ ■y \ ,^' Si . ;•■•• ■■».> \ 'i\. I T'i I i i s. a- ■■'■ ..'.• ■ . .^' -JO^ ■jp*--*i«*i; ■'*S»:.. -.■<.»„ i! ! -;■.,' .- ..J iKMd.", li'MU'.OMi'' II. . ; •' ' •■ 'I ^1^, (. 'k.' . •»*1 >: : I .A: 4 t •J I 1 ; 'i ! #' irONORAP>LK EDWARD BLAKE, OF TORONTO. ONi: OF TlfK GRKATKST CONSTITUTIONAL LAWVKRS OK Till': DOMINION OF CANADA AN]:) A I,I-:AI)ING STATlvSMAN OF UNIMPICACir AHLK J-URFTV OF CHARACTICR. roNiK.irr o\ orj'osi rn iwar.. HU> ^-^ ' ■.{■: ,v 'I ■■I THE COMPREHENSIVE 1* ft ■■5 HISTORY Ml- IHK Dominion of Canada, ART ENGRAVINGS, 'V'OLTJIMIE II, KKO.M lilK CONFEDERATION OF 18()7 TO THE .CLOSE OF 1878. Bv CHARLES R. TUTTLE, A.:T.mR OK "H.STOUv u, thk Statk ok ^r,c.^oAN ;" ■•Ilisrouv ,,k ,■,.,.; Umur.u W^Ks of Tuo Ci;NTik.K,s;" "Hisn)Rv ,,f thk Staiks ok Iowa, Inoiana, W isc nsin ;" •• [Iistorv "I THK L'.SITKl) StATKS," KTC, ETC. SOLD ONLY BY CANVASSING AGENTS. PUBLISHED BY H. B. BIGNEY AND COMPANY. 1870. 6617a I ! PREFACE VOLUME II. IN presenting the second volume of the History of the Dominion of Canada to the public, the Ktlitor wishes to set forth his plans concerning the whole work, and more [)articularly in respect of the scope and character of the volumes yet to be published. It is generally known that the first volume, issued in 1877, embraces the History of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island from their discovery and first setUement to the Confederation, df 1867. The present volume covers the period since Confeileration, or from 1867 to ic/g, and includes, not only the Provinces named, but also Manitoba, British Columbia and the North-West. The unfinished portion of the work, upon which the Editor is now engaged, may be described as follows : — Volume III, to be uniform in size and styh? with the two volumes already published, and to embrace Biographit-s of those persons who have distinguished themselves in any of the pursuits or professions of life, in all the Provinces, from the earliest Canadian and Acadian times down to and incluiling the present ; V^olume IV, to be uniform with the present one, and to comprise a County History of the Dominion of Canada, that is, embracing the local history of each county within the Dominion ; Volume V, to be uniform with the present one and embracing the general, civil and political iiistory of the Dominion of Canada under the Administration of His Excellency the Marquis of Lome, or for the five years closing in 1883. It is also the intention of the Editor to publish a volume similar to that last mentioned for each succeeding five years, as long as he may be able to do so. It i^ upon this plan, as set forth above, and on the strength of the two volumes already published, that the Editor rests his claims upon the public for patronage and su[jport. It was a fact, fully recognized on every hand in 1876, when the first installment of this History was published, that the important work of preserving the history and biography of the country had been hitherto neglected. Therefore an urgent demand existed that at least one person should devote himself somewhat permanendy to the w^ork of collecting the past and preserving the current History of the Dominion. The needs of the country did not so much require the production of a single volume, embracing the annals of the past, as the earnest and efficient labor of gathering and consolidating the records of the present. It was felt that in 1867, Canada had entered upon a new life — upon a " National" existence, full of promise of a near future greatness that w^ould command the respect of the Great Powers of the World. Hence in no period of Canadian Histor)- could the work of the historian yield greater fruit than in that of the past ten years ; while on the other hand, it is evident, that during the next twc;rty years, the History of the Dominion will solve many questions of political science of the greatest possible importance. The Editor will endeavor to deal with these subjects in a non-partisan spirit, always avoiding the very appearance of political bias. The two volumes already published will afford the best guarantee in regard to this. ; I'RF'.IACE. In iht' preparation of tlu; present volunii", the E(lit(jr has availed liiniself of much assistance. The I'xcelh TiL "/orksof Messrs. Le^^i^fo and Stewart on tlie Achiiinistration of the Karl of Dufferin in Canada, have been carefully consvilttd. The various tlaily ne\vs[)aper files to be had at tlu; Parliamentary Library, as also the Debatc;s ami other Public Documents have each contributed, as sources of information. Amon<;st those |)ersons who have ass e Editor in his literary labors, none, perhaps, have rendered more valuable service than Mr. Dous^all Macdou^all, of Berlin, Ont.,late one of the Centennial E.xposition Commissioners for the Dominion of Canaila. The excellent account of the part taken by the Dominion in the Great E.xposition at Philadelphia, HI 1S76, which will be found in the followin<^ pages, is largely due to the co-operation and assistance of Mr. ^Nbicdougall. .All readers of this history will no doul)t unite their gratitude and appreciation v.ith the thanks of the Editor for Mr. Macdougall's kind and generous contribution to tliis important department of the work. The Editor would not fail to mention the name of Mr. John A. Phillips, a gentleman who has been connected with the newspaper press in Montreal, Toronto and Ottawa, and who has assisted in the compilation of both the first and second volumes of this work, and whose labors, the writer is fiee to acknowledge, have been not only faithful and arduous, but very productive. It is the hope and expectation of the Editor, that Mr. Phillips' labors will also bt: associated with those of the writer in the preparation of the future volumes of this work. The names of many others might be mentioned, but it will suffice to state that within the past two years, almost all persons conn(;cted with the various literary pursuits of the Dominion, have in one way and another, recognized the value of this work by their ready and useful co-operation. It is from such evidences of appreciation as these that the writer feels encouraged to persevere to the end, in a work which can scarcely fail to yield a lasting benefit to the present and future generations of the Dominion of Canada. CHAS. R. TUTTLE. Ott.\wa, April, 1S79. r ol' nuich ion of the I newspaper )()cuinents )ors, none, of Berlin, ! lada. The iiadelphia, ' ration and nite their kind and % gentleman Ltawa, and work, and hious, but labors will les of this [hat within its of the eir ready the writer yield a ^TLE. i CONTENTS VOLUME II. dlAITKR I. TlIK ciinkkiikkvtim: P.lllK. Fir»t ulfiirl" l.iwiiril" Cimfi'iliTutinn. 2. tiiiril DurliamV cffiirl" f(ir Ciiiili'ileniiiiin. .!. Kn-'h iMIiiMiil Kt('|M tiikfii. I. Tlip CliiirlciKc- tiiwii C'lrivi'iitiMn. 5. Tiio .Mu\f^ment in Ciininlii. •>. The w<»rk uf tlie Cliiirliiltctiiwii Conveiitiun. 7. 'I'lio liui'lic'i' runferoni'i'. S. IVoi'uoiliiiirs in ('iii)iidii. ^». Prtii-ec'Iiiigs in N'l-w I'ruiiswirk. 1<'. Prni'uedinjr?* in \i»v:i Scntiii. U. Prui-iT'linc^ in Xrwtuiinillanet<'rininatinnii- iiion Parli.i nent. 4. I)ehate on the .Xiiilrecs. 5. ."^peeeli of lion. .lo.^ci>li Howe. i!. Speoeli of Hon. I»r. Tuppcr. 7. liiileM)nit>' of .Menihers. >(. Dual Hei'reyeiilalion. Inile, "mlenee ot Parlia- ment. '.I. !-'irIiment of .i (^»lony at Red Uiver. liy the Karl of Selkirk. H. AmalKamation ol the lliulson's Uny and N'orth-WesI Companies. !i. 0, ening of the llehate on thD .Ae.iuireinent of the Territories liy the Diunininn. Ariruments in Favor of Ao'iuirinK tho Territory. Id. illijeetions to the Ai.- nexalion takeTi liy the opposition. 1!. Amendment Proiiosed by Hon. Mr. Hoitnn, The lie.-i.lutions A.lopted 03 CHAPTEl! V. (iUVK.IISMKXT Of I.OHl) MdXCK— KSlW— 1-IKST SK.S.SJOX Of I'AHI.IAMKNT. , Death of Hun. Fer)fu.ss(m HInir. Vaeaneies in tho Cabinet. 'J. Nova ."^eolia's Kllorts to net out of the rni. Misecllaiieous \els passeu W I 1. CHAPl'KK VI. IIVKIINMKXT OK I.IIIIH MosrK-VOV V MI'IITIa's lUHnlXTtVT. otia for the Itepeal of the Cnion Aet I'AliK. Aitilation in Xova Failure of the .N'ova .Seotia Fisheries. Uel|i from the .upply and Private l>ill». 14. Ifi- siLMiatioii of Hon. .lohii Rose, .'sir Fraiieis lli'ieks aiipoiuled Minister of Fiuauee. Reeoiistruclion of the Cabini'l. 1''. Re- view of the f'hani-'i'S in the Cabinet. 111. T'oiir of tho (bneriior- (Icnernl thrnusli Ilie Lower Pnn iuees. 17. Vi-it of Prinee Arthur. 1'*. The Peeiiliar Siitnilioaneo of the Prinee's Vi-sit. I:i licneral Review of tin' Year CHAPTER IX. CuVfllNMfXT of SHI .lollV VOIVO— Tllf SOin ll-WfST. FoelinB in tho .Vorth-Wcst auaiuRt luiou with Canada. 'J. Rc.i,sons why the French llaif-iireeds Feared I'nioii. .'!. Ilisliop Taelie's Non-Propressive Policy. I. Tlio Elements of wliiili the Popula- tion of the North-West was Composed. 5. .A iloverninent ludepcndont of the Hudson's llayCmnpany .Attempted at Port I'-'C la Prairie, li. The Imperial ibiveniment Refuses to Noirotiate a Transfer until ArranRcinents are made with II li Co 7. Term- Finally Atrrecl to for the Traiisler. S. A Terrihirial iilli> uf ihi' II li C.r.'.i nnii'cr^. C'iiri.-liMli lliill-liri'uil- III feiiil |iclicii't:in-H hi- liirt-iitinii III' I-'M|-iiiiiiK a Pnivi-iiiiiial lidViTniiifiit 111. Sri/iirnif the UmikH. ra.-h, .Vi'. nl the ('iillfctcr of t'listoiiiM II. K.Mi|ii!. .Mr. Maoiliintrnil ('iiniinii>KiiiiiK II "(''iiii'i'rvafiirdtihi' I'imit." i'i. I'ailnri' iit'l'iiliiiicl lli>niii^ til Arnii.-'i' till' Kiiifli^li Hull lirci'il-. 7. CuiKlitinii ul AtViiri ill Winniiioi;. ^. ."'iirrenilrr nf Kiirlylivo I'aiiailiaii'' in Mr. .>''i'liiilt7.'» l|iiii:ic '.I. Iic.'liiratiiin nt' lii. Ili7 CIIAI'TKU .\II. iiiivi-uNMtNr 111 .r lliu L'linailiaii C'uinmi.'Kinni'r''. 2. lliKhii|i 'I'iicIk'' .\i.'ri'('s 111 Urturn to lird ItiTLT. Kscain' iif Fi\'i' I'ri-nncrs. .':. ('•inmiiii.iiiiiu'r .'>inil)i .Aililn-iii.n it .Ma.-i?- Mculiiur. .AiiiiniiitiiKMit 111' llcli'Kiito.i^. 1. Iv-ia|ie 111 lir. .^I'hnllz. .I. .Mcotiiin nf Ciin- vi'iitiiiii. 'I'lic '■ lii.*! Ill' RiulitH." (1. K.stalili.ilinu'iit nl' tin' " I'liivi.iiiinal (Jiivorninoiit." 7. Aiifinintnicnt nf lick't'iitcH tn Caiiaila. H. fhc Iti'ini.' at Kililnnan. Ki'Um.io nl' tlio I'riinni'r.". '1. Caiitiiro nf tin' I'lirtairi,' Ilctai-hiiniil. ID. Tlio Fir.'traiiL'n itisa|i|inart)iiC(> iif .■iinii nf the liaiikins .Vet. .■'^yiin|i-i.< nf it." |iiiivi.iiiins. 7. Ilnii.Mr llnnfiiiB- lini'- re.-nlulii.n.'^ Inr the fnruialinn nf a /nllverein. s. iJefeal nf the rcsnIiitiniiH liy Inrty-twn inajurily. n. .Mr. lilake'.- aiieiniit tn have the li. X. .\. .-Vet aiiieiidod. II). .Mr. lilake's cll'nit.s attain ilefi'aled. II. The " .Silver Xui.-aiiuo." PiLSraKu nf the llniniiiinn Nntes .\ei. ]2. ,i's anew Hill, whieli is reiceled. '.'. A 'ln/.en iiiiiendiiients rejeetcd. mid the Hill finally adniitud 157 fllAlTKU XVI. l.li\ KI1\M|..VT 111' .Sill .lllllN VIlI'Ml— rilK FKXIA.V !■ MSI II— 1 1711. I. Fenian |ire|iiiriiliniis fnr aimther iitviisinii nf Canada. 'J. .Militia I'.illed nnl. President (Irant's Prnelaiii.itinn. :i. The Fenians enterCanada. I. hefeat nf the Fenians nt Keeles' Hill, -k Tho Fenians retreat frnii the .MissiMinni Finiitier. il. Iti'inilse nf the Fenians nn the niinliiit.'d'iii Fmntier. I'niniiliinent tn the .Mililia. 7. Fiiil nf the raid. Trial nf snnienf the raiders. Oiiinimis nf the lircsi V~ fllAPrEU XVII. iniMltWIIVT 111' sill .IlillN VIlI'Ml— TIIK f?\ I'KHn IIIN Til IlKli KlVtIl- Is7ll. I. A .Mililary Kviieditinn In lied Hiver ilelenniiied nn. 2. Arrival of (ieneral l.iiidsji>'. The terms ,,ii which the F\|ieditinii was sent, 'I. Preniiraliniis fnr the F.xiii'ditinii. I. The Mililiii eonlinu'enf. Dilhi'iilty ill tilliii).' 'he l^nel Hattalinn. "•. I'nileetiinj siipiilies. Cnlniiel WiiNeley aiipninled tn I'lnnniand tlie Fxiicdilinii. i'l The rniile nf the Kxiieditinii. Cause of delay. 7 ,Stn|,|iiii,'e nf the ■•('hii'iira " at the ,<,iiill 'Ste. .Marie Canal. •<. The " Chicnra " iillnHeil tn |iass thniinili the Canal, n. First arrival nf Triiii|is at Priiii'c .Vrthnr's Handini-'. Cnii'litionnf the rnad tn.'-hehandnwaii. in. Cnlniiel Wnlseley decides tn send the linats hy way nl ilie Kaiiiinistii|iiia Hiver. II. The causes nf delayas exiilainrd liy .Mr. Itawsiin andCnliinel Wnlseley. 12. The start fi i .Sliehaiidnwan nn li'ith .Inly. I:'.. The K.xiieditinii mi its way. Daily llniitiiie- 1 1, .\rrival at Fnrt Francis. State nf atlairs in the .'''I'ttlemeiit. l.'i. Frmii F'lirt Francis tn Hut Pnrtairc. In. The tnilsniiio .inuniey dnwn the AVinniiicff. Arrival at .'^tnne Fnrt. 17. Arrival nf the Fxiieditinn at Fnrt I la rry. I'e.n'efiil iiei'iiiialiini nf the Fnrt. Ilnist'iii.' the rninli .lack. l*". Tile lriiliii|ili nf jieace. The health nf the liniijis. Tcllll'erancc. In. The dillieiill imsitinll nf Cnlmiel WnNeley. Xn Civil aiithnrily. '/n. Withdrawal nf the Ke^'ulars frmii Fnrt liarry. Cnlniiel Wnlselcy's strictures ni the l>iiiiiini'iii(ln\eriiineiit 172 ClIAPTKH XVIII. (;iivKii\Mi:N"r iir siii .imis vhimi— imi'iiiiunt kvknts hktiik vraii, 1h7ii. 1. .Marine disasters. Iinss nf the " City n' Hnslnn." 2. Pnitectinn nf the Fisheries i^eizure nf.Aiiicrican vessels. :;, President liraiit in his messatfc tn Cniii-'ress. adviicates retaliatnry nicasures. I. Lari-'e liiish-lires. Ureal Inss nf lile and iimnerty in the oftawa district. fi. Iieslriietive lire' in Tniniiin, (Jnehec and .Mmitreal. li. The withdrawal nf the Imiierial trnnps. 7. Tho reasnn why Canada shniild receive liniierial aid acaiiisl Fenianisui. ,H. Hnn. .Ale.x, C uiphell's missinii in KiiKlaiid. '.i. Hr. Tniiper enters the .Ministry. "tlier iiniiiirtant events I'll ClIAPTKH XIX. nnVKIlSMKNT liK l.iiUli l.lsllAll— SKSSIdN OK I'AHI.l AMKN'T, 1171. I. Openiiii-' nf Parliament. Tlic .-^iu'ech fmni the Throne. 2. .Sir A. T. Hall's resnlntinns nil .Iniiil llit'li Ciunini-sinn. '■\. liueslinn a.» to Ilie eniislitniiniiality nf the .M.iiiitnlia .Act I. Deliate nn .Mr. lilakc's rusiilnlinns. a. Independence nf Parliiiiiient. (inveniment iiL'rees tn anieinl llie .Aet. ii. .AtU-inpt tn secure the Indei.endonee nf the Senate. 7. The Hnd.'et speech. .Satisl'acMry Cmiditionof the Finances. i. Interiin Kleetimi Act. n. .\il.litiniis tn the Free Cnsiniiis List. in. Cnllaiisc nf the " .\atiniial Policy. " II. Assinii- laiinii nf the currency, liiiiikinir Acts. Vi. Miscellaneniis .Acts passed, l.'i. Hcl.alc mi the tiail'-'e nf the 1 ntercnlonial. II. Piililie lands in .Manitnlia. I-'i. The iiiiesiiou nf adniittini; the Manitnlia luoiuliers tn the llnuso. hi. Mr. Kymiils' inntinn on the murder of •1 ir .Si'x-h'll. I'aiik. -WIT'im AI'T [nitiuiiiitinn l'<'.-l Ml |(i.'h..| irrc'liil. irioil I't. ■'>. t'liinit't' Mijjcil. ti. Air. ii'iit, iiiiil thi.> iiiriircfil-. ". rcjcrli'.l. M. lupliM 157 \s(i)— IsTii. ii. U*. .Militiii Tho Ft'iiijins Mill. 'i. Tho .•IMilse 111 the <> (■ii'.Miiili.'i. 'iniiin> 111' tho H'lT Kli IflVKIl- IhTII. 2. Arri\ 111 of inn w:r- sctir. ii <-i)i)tiriL'i'nr. illK Sllpiilic-.". tiiin. i;. Till' |i|lll!.'(' 111' lIlP c " <'liiciini " 111' 'rriiiiii^ at tii'ttiiniJDVvaii. way lit ilii- ticiliv.'Mr. niliiwaii on II. Arrival lo. From V il'iwn tho Ivviu'ilitiim ■ i.itini.' the Ihi' II |is. Nilcy. Xo rt (tarry, lit 172 I-. i: YRAll. IsTo. rotection of lit ti'i-init ill 1. I.ari;c (va ilii^triot. al. Ii. Tiif liy Caiiinla lion. AI.'X. ic .Ministry. l!ll NT, 1 ST I, -'. Sir A.T. -linli .MS to ii' "11 .Mr. ivfrmnciit It'l'i-'iiilonco inilitioti of II tho Krei- 11. A-siiiii- iieoiis .\ct.s II. I'lllilio .Maiiitolia niuriler of CtlNTKNTS. '.M .<.olt. 17, Thi; .-^iiiiiily Hill. Ac IH" CIIAITKU X.\. lOPVKRNMKNT 111 I.I 11111 I.IMi. \ll— TlIK .>IIMI.<»|1>N OK MRU Hit 11 H. I Mill V 1. Ui'soliiliiins ill finor "I I'liioii |iiH«(!i| hy lliu I,e«i-liiliie Oniincil of Hrili-li I'oliiinliia. °.'. I'liaiint's in Ihi' oriKinal |ii'o|.iHiii.,n niailo iiy Ihc l>iiiiiiiiii>n liovfrniiiriil. 1. liui-lions as In tfriii.' "f Inioii a-keil in tho .^oniito. 1. (Sir lidnrKC !■' Cartior ilctlni's the nnsilioii of iho loivi'niiiii'nl ''. ."(ir A. T. Halt's oli.iri'liniis to tin' rcsolii- lioiis. Ii. lion. .Mr. Tilleyili fi'iiil- Iholiinernnicnl iiolii'V. ".Mr. .Marktin/iiMilfers an aim niliiii'iit to the rcsoliitiotis. H. Mr. Cart- wriifhl n Miloin- ihr | ilii'y ol tho Ho (•mini.'nl. :<■ Col. iJriiy ilufi'iiils tho ri'soliitions. Mr. .loly I'liiiiloiiiiin tli«in. \'K .Mr. .Mills' oliji..i'lioiis. Hon. .Mr. l.aiiKCvin niilniM- Ihr ri'-oliiiiiin-. II. .Mr. .loni's inovos an am. inlnirnl t" tlio aiiieiii|iiii-nt. IJ. Sir Francis llincks' o.x|>lanalioii, lion. Mr. .Maciloiik'all attacKs the loivcrn- lueiit iiolicy. ]■'. Kc'oiiliilions loloiiiiil. 11. ilii the iniilion to I'oiiciir .Mr- Mai-kcn7.il' nlVcrs anntligr amcinlmcnt. l*i. .Several iiincii'liucnls |iiit ami lost. M. 'I'hn inMri's- finally a<|o|iiuil withoiil iiininilini'iil 17. The resolution- in Ihc Senate. Is. Hon .Mr. Ijctcllicr otfurs an iimoniiiiiont. I'l. 'riie aildrcs- ai|o|ilcil in the Seniito ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ . -I" CHAl'TKK .\.\I. lillVKIINMKNT UK I.IIKII l.lsl. \ll~ MMM rilATIoN ItKTM'KKN (l\'l\HIil WD i;l KIIKC- 1. The provisions utnler which the .Arliilrator.- were a|i|>ointeri. 2. Tho isenleil liy iintario. '1. Thce.i-eas presenteil liytinchcc. - hy I'oiinsel forhnlli Provinces, ."i Interlocutory if tho Arliitrators. li. lion. .Iiidirc 7. The remaininft Arhitnitors ilcciilelo i.rocceil. A case as |lre^ I. Ilei.liosto jiiilmnent uiven li.\ n m: .iority i Hay ri'siKns lirccci|c-'l for the Fisheries awanl. s, The terms of iheawanl iliviiiinu' the 'Iciit. liahiiilies anil assets. \K Tho Quel (fo\ern- mcnt, anil Imth lluiise' of Ihc I,ci;islaliire, iirotcst au'aiiist the awirril. II'. Sir .lohii .\. .Macjonalil ileciiles that tho l)ominiiiii lloverniiionl has no p.iwer to interl'ero in tho mailer. II. .Mr Iilakc movi's for |ia|icrsaiii| eorresiiomlenec. lii. Ucsolntions that the I>oininiiin assume the whole ilelit introituccd hy Hon. Mr. Ilorion anil ileclarcil out of orihrr. ]'■'. lion. Mr Ilorion renews his inotiini for an ail'Iress. II. Sir flcorirc F. ("artier proposes an amenilinent to tho motion. ].'•. Hon. .Mr. Ilolton moves an iinioinl- inent ei|iiiviilcnl ton million of want of eonliilcncc. lii. Synopsis of Ihe ilchatc. Hon. .Mr. Ilolton's motion ilelcntcil, lii for H'l auMinsl. 17. iilhor iimemlmunts lost. The liovcrimient siislaincil liy a vote of lis t,, 111. CHAI'TKIt .\.\II. llllVKIiSMKNT OK I.IIUII I.I.Sli AH— I'lllMll'AI. KVKNT.S UK 1>*7I. The Two Ureal Kvcnis of tho Vear. 2. First Mooiinu' of Ihe houii- nion lioanl of Traile. Fnliircemenl of Ihc Canals iiru'i'il. .1. Dominion IloarJ of Trade. I'roteetion r«. Free Traile. 'fhe MeeiiiiK fivors FreeTiaih'. 4. Dominion lioanl of 'I'm. le. Various Sni-'uo'siions III the llovernment. H. Fires. liraiH'onl almost ei - lirely De.lroyeil. II. The IliirninL' of Ch eat'o. Ilel|i fr..m Canaila. illher fires. 7. The Census. I>i>.i|i|iiiinlinent at its Uesulls. s. Tho Census. Uca.sons why the Increase of I'opiil.ition was not tireatcr. '.i. Tho Census. How it was taken. In. The Census. .Some of it.s Kesulls. II. .Marine Disasters. Vessels Cainrlit in the Ice. 12. Final Witlnlniwal of the Troops. Formation of "A" ami "1!" liaiieries. .Militia Camps. Ft. I'ostal ChaiiKcs. II. llpeninirof the K. & \. A. Hailwiiy. Seizure of ihc " K. A. Ilorton." I."i. \'arious Events of Minor Imiiorlance ClIAHTKl! .\.\1II. i;ilVKIIN.MKNr UK I.ollll I.I.SUAll — rilK KKSUN HAMl l.V MA.MTIIIU. Arrival of (loveriior Archihahl. The Dillicult Task ho hail to Accoiuplish. 2. Warrants for tho Arrest of Kiel applied for. The Advanlace of His Fliu-ht. .'). Coneili.aiory course of the ),ieut,-llovemor Appointments to E.\eculivo Council. 1. Tho Death of (ioulct. \o Warrants or .Arresls. -"i. Why RcKular Troops should have hecn left in Fort ll.irry, instead of Volun- teers, il. The Winter I'asscs (Jiiietly. |i„iier Feeling towards the VoliinleiTS. 7. Formatiiin of a I'olice Force. The Census. Local Flections, s. luiiuiirration. Lmd Tnaililes. 'i, Disconlont of the French. Keturn of Riol, " licneral" trNeil I'lol.s an 2ln I'a " liniision." III. The Raid a Conlciniiiil'le Fi//.le. ll'Neil airain Arrested and Kelease I hy liiited Slate- .\ulhorities. II. il.n, r nor Aiehihald'- I'rci.aratino- lor Delencc. I.'. Tin- Si id .Military Fxpedilion to Ited lliver. I'l. Fiic Tl sand Dollar- Keward for the \rre-l of the .Murderers ol Scoit. ollercd hv the iiiilario lliocnitneiit. II. Fei lim; caused iiiiiontf-t the Frcoch. In the aili f Ihe iinliirio ilm crnmenl. l"i. Hid and l.epine .Assisted liy the Diiuiinio.'i Uovernmeiit to Icau- the Country • ■ CHAl'TEIt X.MV. Iill\ KItWIKNT UK l.illin I.ISllAH— KItTH .SKSSIIIN- lllt.sl 1' \ltt.H \l IM . I I. iipcninu- of I'arlianieiil. Speech from the Thrniic. New .Minilier-. 2. Deliiite on the Address. ■,. Frnl. clion to .Manntaeiiiriiii.' In- tcrosts. 4. .Mr. .loncs (l.eedsi rci|iiesl- I'mioclion lor the Farmer asHcll as the .Manufiiclurer. '■. 'flic .Vine Hour .Mioiincni. The haw relatini! to Trades riiions. o. Aiueiiduicnls to tlie Ijiws adopiod. 7. Iiniiiixratioii and Immiifratiou .iid Soi-ieties. s. Financial Statciuent. .\ Surplus ol over Three and a 11 ilf .Mil lions. 0. The l'ros|ierous Condilinn of the Coiinlij Comiiiercially. III. D. hale on Ihc IhidKcl. II. Continiialii f Dehalcon Mnd-'ct. 1'.'. Kepcal of the Unties on Tea and CU'ee. 1:1. Si ly l;ill CHAl'TFU XXV. IlllVKIIVMK.XT UK l.llllll 1.I.M1IAK— rilK VKW IllllVsnirk si lloiM. ACT, I 1. The School l,aw nf New liniiiswick prior to Coiifedenilion. 2. The Ciimmoii Scl I Liw passed in Is7I. :i. iippo-liion |o ihc Ad, hy the Koiiiaii Catholics of the I'rovince. t. I'ctition- to the iio\er nor-lioncral to Disallnw the ttill. .'i. Sir .f.lin \. .Macdon.ild advises Iho .Approval of tho Hill. •'•. Itcniark-' on the oi-inioti of Sir.lohn A. .Macdonald. 7. Motion for (.'orrespondence. etc. s. .Mr. OiistiKiiii's .Motion for an Addre-s pr.iyini.' the Di-.illowaneo of the Act. II. Dehale on .Mr. CostitMn's .Moiion. In. ||,,ii. Mr. liray's ,.\iuendinenl to .Mr. Cosiiii.in's .Motion. II. Iloii. .Mi. I'haii. veaii's Amendment to the Amciidincni. 12. Couiii, nation ..f Ihe Dehale. F'. Defeat ol Hon. .Mr. I'li.iuvean's Anieii.lmeiii II. Am Iiuciit I'ropo.-eil hy Mr. Clhy .\dopied. I".. Hon. .'Mr. .Macken/.ie'- .\niendmciil. I'ho .Motion as tin illv Adopted ClIAl'TFU XXVI. lOiVKIrSMKNT OK I.OUli I.I.SOA H- TIIK I'VIIKII |r\l,.w\V illl.I.. IS7J. 1. The " Falhcr" of the Canadian Pacific Kailway. 2. Inception of the Canailii Pacific Itailw.iy Comiiany. H, The Inter-Oec.ini.- (^unpany. I. Charters t-ranlcd hoi h Coiui.anies, '\ Theiiiocrn. inciil Itill 11. Hon. Mr. .M.ickioi/ie's i iliicclions. 7. Di h.iie on the Kesolutions. s. Amcndmenl iiirereil hy .Mr. .Maedonald (lllem.'arry). '.'. Hon. .Mr. .M.ickenxie's .•Vinendmciil. Ill The Hcsiilulioii.s Adopted. II. .Amendments Lociiim.' the 'I'crminns l,ii.-t. 12. .Another .\ineinlmcnl hy Mr. -M.hkcnzie llefealcd. I'l. Sir .liihn's E.vplaiiation. II. Mr. .Maike.niie's .Amciidiuent UcKardini; Frc.' lirant 1/inds. I">. The Mill Pas-ed CIIAl'TFUt XXVIl. UOVKRXMKSr OK I.ollll l.l.sl, \H— nl K TIlKlTV ol W ls|||Vi. |o\. 1. The Treaty of Wa-.liinv'ton Can-cd In iln- .\ciion of tin. I'.in.i.lian iJovcniiiicnl. 2. Hon. .Mr. Caniplieirs Mis-ion to Eiarlahd in 1S7II. :i. Hon. .Air. Camphcll's Keporl. The Fenian Invasions. I. Hon. Mr. Camphcll's Iteport. The Fisheries, .'i. Propo-al to Appoint a .loiiil Hiidi Commis-ion aurccd to hy the rnited Slates. II. 'file Proposal of a Commission well Ucccivcd in Canada. 7. Mectim: of the Commissioners at .Vashinulon, 27ih Fclirn.ir.\. Is7;. s. The Aincricaii Oommissii,. . Dcidine to Accept Ki-ii- pocily as a hasis for .Xeiioliations. '.> The .\merican I'lnn- luissioiiers oiler $1 •'*"'.""" lor Ihc l!ii:ht to ir-e the Fi>lierie- lor ever. III. Keciprocity ill Coal. .Salt and Fish i illered. II. 'fhe hasis of an .Arraiit'cmciit Finally .Arrived al. and .Arlichs Is t,> o", iiKrecdto. 12. Hemarks on the Term- ai-'rced on. 1'!. .\avii.'alioii of the S:. l.awrcnec. Transporlatinn in liond, .Vc. Arlielc- 2il to :«. II. The .San duan linundaiy Question. .Articles .11 lo 12. l.i. Canaila'.s Claims to Indemnity for I'eiiian Itaids Hciecied hy the Commissioners CHAl-TFli XXVlll. IIOVKRXMEXT OK I.IIRII I.ISUAR— .VKlloTIATIo.VS MIol r TIIK TIIKvTV. 1. (Jppositiiin of I'uhlic Opitiiun to tho Treaty. 2. Tho LcKlslaturo 2s a .'tl I i. (::0?TTHNTS. Paoe. nf New HriinawU'k ('unik'inns the Treaty. !. The Ciiniulian (iov- criniKti* Kefiis '« tiTsses its l)i.<..^aii''l'irti"n wUh the Treat.v. .">. Konl Kiiii- lierl.,'- Satistiii-ti..i witli ilie Treaty, i'k Koply of the Canailian (linernnient. The Fenian Haiils Claims. 7. Reply 'if the Canailian (iiiverninent. Tlie l-'i.^heric^. S. Heply uf the Canailian tiinernnient. Fui'iier t)lj.iectinn.-. 1*. Tlie Earl uf KinilierleyV Reply III the Kepi t nf the Privy Ciiunoil. in. The Position in v.liii'h the Canailian (iovernnienl I'onnil Il.iell. 11. Ueport of the I'rivy Couni'il witli Heferenoe to (^onipen.iation for Fenian KaiiU. IJ. The British (iovernnienl otl'crs to (inarantec a Loan of i:2,rilin,iNXI. l.J. The Terms acreeil to. l{eiiiarlni tlie Treaty. 7. Hon Mr. .Maekenzie eritieizcs the Treaty. S. Hon. Mr. lilake moves an Anienilnient. '.i. Debate on the lion. Mr. lihike's Amen.!- ineiit. 111. Amemlments Voted flown, ami liill Carneil hy a iMa.iority from every Province ."till Heiiresentation. 12. Confederation Uiidget. 11. Uehiilc on tho ISniliret. . )f the I'^inpire. Pw.r.. K. The :ioH CHAPTER XXXrV. IIIIVKHXMKXT CHAPTER XXX. Il(l\ KIlXMKXr III' l.llHl 1. Tliimiiiion Hoard of Trade i.i.-iiiAn— j'liixru'Ai. f:vf:xts hk l'<7i Deepeniiip the .st T^awrenee Channel. 2. Hominion Hoard of Tr.ide. Hay Verte Canal. Pilots. Rjiil- w;iys. t. Iloniinion Hoard of Trade. Proposal to from a /.ollvcr- ein with llie Inited Slates. 1. Doniinion Hoard of Trade The ZoUvercin idea rejected, "i. Iloniinion Hoard of Trade. Petro- leum. Protection. Tarilf. t\. The " Xine hour " movement. 7. ^^\tcnsi^■e lircs and loss fif life. *<. Terrilile railw;iy accident . .Mounted Police for the Ninth West Territories, i;. Xcw liriinswick School Act. ■?"i,i«iii for appeal to Privy Council. 7. Reai|.iu8tnient of the debt. S. Admission ol Prince Edward Island. !i. .Subsidy for repeal of Export duty on timber in New Brunswick, in. .Miscellaneous Acts M CHAPTER XXXV. lillVKHXMI'lXT OF TIIK F.AKI. OK PrKKKllIX— TIIK I'AI'lKir srAXIlAI.. The Pacilie Scandal. 2. Charter u'ninted to the Canaiiran Pac tic Railway Company. H. Conditions of the Charter. 1. Remarks on theChnrtcr. .I. Hon. Mr. Huntington's charge of eorriiption. li. Small effect of the motion. 7. Sir John A. .Macdonald moves for a Committee. H. The Oath's liill. '.K The Coinmiitee proposes an adjournment to 2iid of July. ill. The Committee to sit during reoe.ss. 11. Adjoiirninent .'i7.5 CHAPTER XXXVI. -Tin: I'Arnii- scaxiiai..— 34K CHAPTER XXXII. CIIIVKIIXMKXT OK Till: KAUI. IIF PI FFKHIX— TIIK (IKXKRAI. KI.KrTKl!* OF 1S72. 1. Ilissoliition of Piirliameiit. Writs issued for a lleneral Election. 2. Change III feeling in Hiitario. Defeat of tlie liovernmcnt. .'i. Sir John A. .Ma"iloiiald's contest in Kingston. 1. Defeat of Sir Francis Ilinck,': in South Hraiit. •''. The result in IJiiebee. Reduc- tion of (ioveriinient iiia.iority. H. Defeat of Sir d'eorgo E. (j'lirtier. 7. The result in tlic .Maritime Province.". S. Remarks on the result li."!! CHAPTER XXXIII. l.ilVKIISMKXT oK TIIK KAIII. OK pl'KKKIilX— KlUST SKSSIOX, SKIIlXP I'MM.IAMKXT. l'*71. I. Opening of Parliament. The Speech from the Throiii'. 2. West Peterbnro' election. :i. The tirst division. The (ioverninont sustained by sixteen. 1. The .Mnikoka election, .'i. W opt Peter- born' election. Hon. Mr. Huntington's motion, li. Remarks on the llpposilion tactics. 7. Hon. ,Mr. .Mackenzie criticizes the Speech finiu the 'flironc. ■<, Petitions for a Proliibitory Liiiuor Law. '.I. Proleilioii o( Navigable streams, in. .•\el for Protection of Navigable It veiK pa^sed. II. Aet piHHod abolishing Dual IJIIVKKXMKXT CIK TIIK KAUI. UK IIIFFKIIIX {Ci,lllinlli,l.) How the matter stood at the aiUoiirninent of the Session. 2, Disallowance of the Oath's Hill. .'!. Proceedings of the Committee. 4. Publication of Sir Hugh Allan's letters. S. ElVect of the pub- lication, ii. Sir Hugh Allan's allidavit. Its effect :1S2 CHAPTER XXXVII. llOVKliX.MKXT (IK TIIK KAUI. OF IUFFFIIIX— TIIK I'vriKIC .i?rAXIlAI..— |C„„(,„,„,/.) How the letters came to be published. 2. .Mr. Me .Mullen's ''Nar- rative." ;i. T'he defence of the liovernnient. 1. The Icelingaboiit Prorogation. .">. Lord lliitlorin delincs the position of a ilovernor liencral. i>. The iiuestion of Prorogation. 7. The tactics of the ilpposition. H. His xcelleiicy's di.'cision. '.i. The Ninety-two Remonstrant Members. 1(1. His Excellency's reply. 11. Proro- giition. 12. 'The Indignation meeting. 1.3. The effect of Proroga- tion 1. CHAPTER XXXVIJL liOVKIIXMFXT IlK TIIK KAIII. UK IIIKKKUIX— TIIK IIIIYAI. CIHIMISSIIIN. Appointment of three Judges. 2. Hon. Mr. Huntington refuses to appear before the (.'ounnissioncrs. .*►. The Commission proceed.^ with such witnesses as it can get. 1. SirFrancis Hinck'sevidcnce. ■'i. Sir John A. .Maedonald's evidence, li. Hon. 11. L. Langevin's evidence. 7. Sir Hugh Allan's evidence. H. Hon. .1. .1. C. Abbott's evidence, '.i. The Coinmissioncrs report without expi'osslnng an :l!iii opinion. CHAPTER XXXIX. IIIIVKRXMKVT IlK TIIK KAUI, IlK lirFKKKIX— IIKSKIXATIOX IIF TIIK M VCPOVAI.Il MIXISTIIV. .Meeting of Parliiiinciit. 2. The altitude of tho Opposition, .'i. The Speecli from tho Throne. I. The P. E. I. members. :"'. Papers lai'l on the table. i>. Ilebatc on the address, Hon. .Mr. .Mackenzie's amendment. 7. Speech of Hon. Hr. Topper. H. Speech of Hon. .Mr. Huntington, '.i. Hon. Mr. .Maedonald's ameiiduient to the amend- ment. 111. Tho ellect of live days debute. II. Sir .lolin A. .Mae- donald's defense. 12. Resignatinn of the .Ministry. Ouilty ornot liuilty? Ids CIl.VPl'ER XL. IIOVKIIX.MKVT IlK TIIK KVIll, (IK IIKKKKIIIX — I'lllXrll'Al, KVKXT.S IlK 1H7H. , Changes ill the Cabinel, 2, Formation of IIic .Mackenzie , Ministry. 3. D'lniinion Hoard of 'I'rade. Tho 'I'aritV, I. Ilominion Hoard of Trade, Socond Hay's Hisciissions, fi, Domininn Hoard of Trade. 'Third Day's Pni.'ecdings, li. Wreck of tho " Atlantic," '>\'> Lives Lost. 7. I II her .Marino Disasters. S. Hiirning of the " Havariali." '.i. Fires. III. The Pope-Maedoiiald Letter. 11. Other Kvtintsof the Year (18 P.KiE. iiiinri'. l:i . The .«s SESSION StCO.VI) i! HiilL.t :f . The t'hiiiice c.f KUllKf the Xoi III West ,'HHI (or apii >>al Ic, H. Ailllli.-si on of f K.\|ii)rt duty (in !tS ■«« K'lITr .Sf'AXII.VI,. l-'anaiinin I'.u' He 4. Remarks on r cornitilion. li. ional'l moves tor rfei' iiroposes an tec to sit (lurinK :i7') riKic sr.ixn.M,,— the Session. 'I. r the Committee. Ileet of tlic piib- :S2 IFfO .SrANOAl,. — Afnllen's " Nar- h('feelin(,'alioul n of A (lovernor e taeiics of the lie Xinety-two il.v. II. I'r.iro- ect of I'rorojja- ;)!lll 1. CCPM.MISSKIX. Kton refuses to ion iirocceds ruk'seviclenee. L. Lamrevin': r. r. Ahbotfi xiircssinni? an riON OFTIIK 'ition. X The rs. .".. I'apers ". .M.aekenzie's ■liofllon. iMr. the amen(|< • lolin A. .Mae- liuilly or not V FISTS I IK iHT.'i. izie .Ministry, nioa lloani of rd "f Traile. lantie." ,"if. ninit of the l.i'tler. II. IIS 4 COXTKNTS. 2:5 CHAPTER XLI. PA(iK. (illVKIINMKNT OFTIIK KAULOF IIUFFKUIX— .SKS.MIIX OF I'AIII.IAMKXT, ISTf. I. Ki.ssolution of Parliament. % Result of the (ieneral Eleetion. 3. OlMMiinn of Parliament, k. Riel's Kleetion for Provenehcr. 5. Motion to IC.xpel Riel. f>. Hon. Mr. Mae'tenzie fj.vplainif the I'ositionof the lioveriiinent. 7. Kiel IC.fpulled liy the House. 8. Sale of I.i'tuor in the llou^e Proliihited. '>. Committee on the .N'orth-U'cst Troubles, ISii'.i-TU. )(i. The liudget. 11- Hon. Dr. Tupper's f>trletures on the I-'iniincuil Statement. 12. The Election Dill. 125 CHAPTER XUr. i.iivKnv«i::vT 01 tiik kaui. of .uffkhis— I'Arn'ii' railway 1111, r., 1871. I. P.ritish Columbia's lliseont "nt. 2. Mr. liduar Sent to Jiritish Colutnbia as Awent of Oominion 'ioverninint. 3. The l*acitie Railway Hill. 4. Hon. .Mr. .Mackenzie Explains the Poliey of the (loveriMucnt. ."j. Hon. Ilr. Tujiper Criticizes the liill. li. .Mr. De Cosmos Explains the Wishes ol liritish Columbia. 7. Bill Passed without .Aiiieiiiliueiit. >. ProroKation. . I.'td CHAPTIOR XMir. OOVFIINMKXT OF TIIK K Uil. OF 111 FFKUIX— IMilXCIl'AI. KVKNT.S, 1S74. 1. Uomiiiion Hoard of Trailc. 2. Terrible It.iilway .Veeidents. :i. Paei- lie Railway iMIioes liiirnt. 'It her Fires. 1. Murine Disasters. "1. Trial of Lepiiie. li. Commutation of Lepino's Sentence. 7. Xeirotiations for Recijiroeity. s. ijiher Kvunts. , |;Vi CHAPTER XI,IV. OOVKItXMKXr OFTIIK K.VHI. OF IllFFKKIX — IlKlTISIl ((ll.fMUIA's Pl.srONTKXT, 1. Esi|uimaull liravinnDoek. 2. l!riti-li Coluinbia's Protests. 3. Mr. Edsjar's .Mission. 4. Eailuro of Mr. Eduar's Mission. 5. The Car- narvon ferms. ti. Defeat of the Esriuimuult auJ Niinaimu Ruilroud liill in the .Senate... 441 CHAPTER XIA'. I.OVKUNMKXr OF TIIK KAUI. OF Ml FFKUIX — SKI DXI) SK.S.SlOX, TIIIUP I'ARI.IAMKXT. H7'i. 1. Openinu of Parliament. Speeeli from theTIirone. 2. The .\miiesty (Juestion. ;>. Riel iiKain Expelled. 4. The liiidcet Speech. ■>. 'fhe Supreme Court Bill. li. Miscellaneous JjCKislation. Proro- Kation ■ 44,5 CHAPTER XLVI. OOVKItXMKXT OF THE KAUI. OF OlFFKRIX— I'RIXlTI'AI. KVEXT.S OF 1875. 1. Dominion Hoard of Trade. 2. Kire«. :!. The tiuibord Case. 4. Rail- way and Other Accidents. ■">. Marine Disasters, (i. Other Events of the Year 448 CHAPTER XLVir. OOVKliXMEXT OF TIIK KaHI. OF DFFFFIIIX— CAXADA AT TIIK CKXTKXXIAI.. I. Hislorieal luiportanee of International Exhibitions. 2. flrigin of the Philadelphia Exhibition. '!. A (treat Xational Ex|icriinent Entered upon wiih Self-Contidenee and Enthusiasm. 4. The HoMornble Character of the Exhibition as a Whole. 6. Cusnio- liolitan Spirit of the American Invitation, li. Ilearfy Response to the Invitation. 7. The Canailian Commissioners. Xational Appreciation of Their Services, 8. Their Responsibilities and Dilliculties, and Their Initiatory Plan of MeetinK Them. ii. Provincial Advisory Hoard*. Their Success. lU. Plans for Illus- trating Canadian Industry. The .MineraloKical Exhibit. II. The Lumber Exhibit. Ingenious and Attractive Jlode of Display. 12. The Arraiiuemcnts as to Some Other Exhibits. I.i. The Tnmspor- tation AriMiii-'cments. II. The Centennial Commissioners and Their Arrannemeiits for Exhibitors. 15. System of Awards and .ludires' Duties. III. The Exhibition lirounds and Huildinits. 17. The Larire Space Oeeuiiied by Canada. IS. How (he Canadian (loods were Displayed. I'.i. Canada on the OpeniiiK Day. 2li. The rnantjural Ceremonies. 21. Splendiil Receptions and Entertain- ments. 22. Marked Attention Shown Canada by Foreigners fi; CHAPTER XLVIII. l.OVKlt.VMKXTOF TIIK KAlil, OF IIIFFKIIIX— CANADA AT THE CKXTKNXIAL. (f'olid'al/../.) . Review of the Various Xational Exhibits. 2. The Canadian Paint- ings and Water-Colours. .t, Crcliiablo Display of Canadi.m Photographs, Ac. 1. Remarkable Exhibit by Canailian Entomo- logists. 5. The Exhibit of Minerals, Metal.s, Metallurgical Pro- Pa ducts, ic. li. Canada in the I'ront Rank as a Mineral-Producing Country. 7. The Ceramic Departments of the Exhibition, s. I'sefiil and Serviceable .-Vrticles id' \'arious Kinds. 11. (.'oinpli- mcnts Paid Canadian Manufacturers by Centennial .ludgcs. In. The .Section of Eilncation. T'he iJeiieral Display. II. The Cana- dian Educational Exhibit I'nsnrpassed. 12. T'he Machinery Exhibit (Icnerall.v. 13. The Eiwlish and American liispla.v. 14. The Canadian Machinery Exhibit. 15. .\ System of .Maehiiu; Testing, lii. The Prietical Teachings of the Exhibition to Canada. 17. The Exhibit of Agricultural Implements, 18. The Canadian Exhibit Iiai CHAPTER XI.IX. laiVERNMKNT OF TIIK KAHI. OF IllFFKUIX— CAXAOA AT TIIK CKXTKXXIAI. . {t\tilfinni li.) 1. Canadian Exhibits of drains. 2. Canada in the Pomological Hall. 3. The Dirt'crent Canadian Emits Exhibited. 4. 0|>inions of American Pomologists on the Canadian Exhibit. 5. The Wine Exhibit, li. The Dairy Products id' the Iliiminion. The Cheese Exhibit. 7. Superior Quality and tinantity of the Canadian Cheese. 8. The Hutter Exhibit, ii. Live Stock Department. Canada's Admirable Exhibit. In. Canadian Horses. II. Horned Cattle. 12. Canadian .Sheep. 13. Canadian Swine. 14. Canadian Poultry. 15. The Canadian Medals and the System of Tlicir .Award. M. Conclusion of the .Iiidges' Labours and Aniiounce- inent of the Awards. 17. A Thrilling Scene. IS. ,\ekiiiiwledg- ment of the Hritish Coininissiouers' Services to the Colonial Commi.ssioners. I'.'. Closing (,'erenionies of the Exhibition. 2ii. Return of the Canadian Exhibits. 21. Some of the .More Impor- tant Result.s to Canada of the Exhibition. 22. Warm Praise of Canadian Section af the Exhibition .. -ISIJ CHAPTER L. (iOVKIlNMKXTOF TIIK KARI. OF IllFFKUIX— THlKJI SK.S.SION, TIIIKIJ PARKIA.MKXT, I87li. 1. Opening of P.irliament. The S|ieech from the Tbrone. 2. The Depression in Trade. 3. The Hudget. I. Debate on the llinlget. 5. .Motion in Eavoref Protection Voted Down. li. Protection bir Earmcrs. 7. Sir .lohii .\. .Macdonald's .Motion in Favor of Protec- tion Defeated- 8. The Uriuishoppcr Plague in .Manitoba. '.:. Prorogation. Acts Pa.«seJ .|:i2 CHAPTER LI. (iOVERX.MEXT OF THE KARI. OF 111 FFKRIX— IMMNITFAI, KVKNT.S OF l:'7li. 1. Dominion Board of Trade. 2. Terribly Destructive Fires. ;(. .Marine Disasters 4. Cabinet Changes. Change of P.diiieal Feeling. .5. Lord Diill'crin's Visit to British Columbia, li. Other Events of tlu Year jijy CHAPTER LU. | OIIVERXMKXTOFTIIK KARI, OF IIFFFKIilN — FoFRTH SK.SSIOX, TlUlill I I'AUI.IA.MKXT. 1S77. ' 1. Opening of Parliament. The Speech from the Throne. 2. The liudget. 3. Debate on the liudget, 4. Debate on the TarilL 5. The Independeiice of Parliament, li. Paeilic Kailwav. 7, Proro- gatiiiu. Bills Piussed ;3«il ' CHAPTER LUX, ! OOVKKN.MKXT OF THK E.vlll, OF UIFFKKIN— FHINril'AK KVKXI'3 OF 1877, I 1, Dominion Board of Trade. 2. Fires. :!. Burning of St. John. X, H. j 4. Orange Riots, Haekett Shot, 5, .Marine Disasters, li. The ' Fisheries .\ward. 7, Other Events of the Year "ii*; CHAPTER LIV, UOVKRXMKNT OF TIIK KARI. OF IllFFKUIX— KM Til .SK.SSION, IHIRIl I'AUI.IA.MKXT, I'-7S. I. Oiieniiii; of P.irliament. Speech fr.iin the 'I'lironc. 2. The Uudget. j 3. Debate on the Budget. 4. The Dismis.-al nf the l^iebi'c Min • i.stry by Licnienant-lloveriior Leicllier. 5. Debate on the Leiel Her Case. li. Tlie Twenty-two Hours' Sitting. 7. The Case .Vol Settled, s. Prorogation. .. rxBi i CHAPTER L\'. ! OOVKllXMKXT OF TIIK EAHI, OF III FFKUI.V— I'RISril'AI. EVENTS OF 1878. I. Dominion B.M I I i Trade. 2. The Twelfth of .Inly Riots. :!. The Elections. 4. Deparluro of the Earl ol Dnllerin. .5. The .Maninis of Lome and H. R. H. Princess Louise SI.'S 1*1 ; :' ■! ILLUSTRATIONS VOLLIMK 11. STEEL ENGRAVINGS. Ills i:.\i'i:i.i.i<:.\(,'v tiik maiujii.s ok uiuxe and II.K.II. I'KINCKSS LdltSK . I'iist Inmti.'-piicc. It T. IIO.V. Silt .). A. M ACIiONALI), K.t'.li. .Sconnil Knmlis|iiecc. IIHX. i;!)WAIll) ULAKE, (J.C. Tliird I'mntispicce. SCIONK AMilXd Tin; TIKllSAXD ISLANDS . . 48-9 CIIAI'DIEUE VAUa, ((Jl'KliKC) 8S-il 'fin: LAC DES AMJMKTTKS l:iil-7 .11 Xl'TKhN (il'TllE (JTT.WVA ,\Nl) ST. LAWIIEXCE . iHl-.'i III. (iE.XERAL'S BUKiADE, ANX H. LAKE liENEATH OWL'S IlEAK MOl'NTALV '.<. VIEW ACROSS DOINUAKY LINE Ii». OKEOlUi LAKE 11. KAI'ID XEAK THE CEDARS 12. A LAKE FARM ON FRONTIER l.-i. TIMISKR SLIDE AND lil.IIXiE . 14. LAKE .MASSAWIIIl'l'Y 15. LILLY LAKE, ST. .lolIN, X.U AI'OLIS, N. S. ■)04-o PORTRAIT ENGRAVINGS. AliliOTT, HON. .1. ,1. C. . AIKIXS, HON. .1. C. . AXr.LlX, HON. T. W. . BABY, HON. L. F. (i. . BIXXKV. I!ISIIol> . r.LAXCHKT, '.|oX. J. (.•. noND, r.isiioi' ItoWKl.L, HOX. .MACKEXZIE DKOISI:. DR. W. II. CA.Mi:i!OX, R. W. rAni.iX(i, imx. .loiiN CAR.MEN. lilSll01> CAKRALL, llox. li. W. W. . CH.WDLKU. IIOX. E. I!. . CIlILllS, (i. W. CO.- FAHRE, lilSHOH Fl LLER. lilSllol' . I'EROl-.SOX, HON. .INO. (IIRARD, HON. M. A. . liWYXNi;, H0.\. .JISTICE II 1:LI..MIT1I, BISHOP IlEXliV, HON. JIVSTICK IloL.MES, HON. S. H. IIOLT«-fl l,i2-.3 2.'VJ-7 432-3 :t!r>-7 33H-7 iK>-7 251^7 l.')2-3 4ti(>-l' !«i-7 4110-1 2!l(i-7 2',Hi-7 210-7 :«l'.-7 :m-\ 210-7 .35. KAULBACK. HON. H. A. N. LAURIER, HON. W. . LEWIS, lUSIIol' LlXTOiN, F. W. . LYNCH, ARCHBISHOP .M.\CDO.XALD, HON. .lAMES MACDorOALL, D. . . . MACPllER.'^ON, HON. D. L, MAS,SON, HON. L. A. .MILIJ?, HON. D. . . MOISSEAI', .1. A. . . JIOWAT, HON. O. McINNE,S, DR. 4H. NELSON, H. A. O'CONNOR, HON. .JOHN OOILVIE. A. W. . PELLETIER, HON. C. PENNY, HON. E. (1. POPE, HON. J. C. . POPE, HON. J. H. A. P. .55. RYAN, .JOSEPH ,18. .SCIIT'LTZ, .rOHN . SHEIIYN. HON. ,L . SKEAD, HON. .lA.'^IES . .SUTHERLAND, HON. .JOHN TACIIE, AUOUBISHOP TASCHERKAU, ARCHULSlloP THOMPSON, HON. .1. S. D. WHITEHEAD, .loSEPH WILLIAMS, BISHOP WRKIllT, ALOX/.o P.\liK. 2IU-1 272-;i .320-1 344-.5 3il2-.3 410- 4IS-i) 472-3 Pack. 25Ck7 .3()0-l ;')30-7 2.T0-7 100-1 32-3 432-.3 300-1 32-3 .•100-1 400-1 ;ioo-i 200-7 4(X>-1 32-3 210-7 210-7 4.32-3 72-3 72-3 l,'i2-3 1.52-3 488-0 72-3 2.10-7 330-7 400-1 •2>.Kl-7 488-0 00-7 4IK)-1 210-1 320-1 SH-.5 ;!!i2-;i 41IV-7 418-1) 172-:i Pa(ik. . . . 25(}-7 Mt-l . ;a)-7 . zv^i . m-i .•12-3 . 432-3 3I10-1 . 32-3 ■M)-l . 100-1 . 3(»)-l ■ 2'.Hi-7 400-1 . 32-,3 . 21(1-7 . 21l!-7 132-3 . 72-;! 72-3 . . lf.2-3 152-3 . 4HH-0 . 72-3 2rii)-7 . .'UIW7 . 4t«»-l 2\Nv-7 . 488HI OiH? . 400-1 ' % TUTTLE'S HISTORY (iK TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. ^OLTJiMIHl II. CHArTEli I. TJIH- CO.N'FHDEfJATION. 1. First Iu'fokts towards Coxfedkkation. — :.'. J.oRD Durham's Efforts for Confedkra- TioN. — :!. FiJKSii ( )fficial Steps taken. — 4. TiikCiiarlottetown Convextkjn. — 0. The Moveme.vt in the Caxadas.— t). The Work OF the Charlottetown Convention. — "J. The Qiehec Conference. — 8. Troceedinos IX Canada. — ii. I'uoceedinos in New Bruns- wick. — HI. rROCEEDINOS in 'NoVA ScOTIA. — 11. Proceedinos in Newfoundland. — 12. rRocKKDiNos IN Prince Edward Island AND lUaxisH Coi,rMi!iA. — 13. Proceedings t IF THE Delegates in England. — 14. Action OF THE ImI'EIUAL PARLIAMENT. — 15. PROC- LAMATION. 1. — 111 thi' in'octHlinii' volumo wc have traced the hi.story of the Canadafs, Nova Scotia, New i-iisi cflnrts towanis liiiuif^wick. .uul Priiice Edward (•nnif.u™..,.,,. I^ilaiid, down to the federal union oi" 1807. In lliis volnmc we shall endeavor to coiupa.ss the history ol" the Dominion since cont'ederation ; and, althoniih in the previous volume we have given a pretty lull account ol' the ways and means by which the federal scheme was accomplished, as also the causes h'adiiiu' to that end, yet, that each volume may be made com))lr!(c in itself, a brief summary of the history of roiifedi'ialioii itself may properly constitute the opening chapter of this volume. As far back as 1784, when New Brunswick was set oft' from Nova Scotia, the subject of confederal i.ui was agitated. The idea was no dt)ubt suggested to the minds of provincial statesineu by the then newly organized federal union of the United States, and therefore thought to bo advisable as a counterpoise to that republic. There were men in those days who, discerning the tendency of the times, predicted that the near future would witness a federal union of British North America; but the Canadian jjcople, with a few exceptions, have always l)een slow to advocate radical political changes, and therefore the .senti- ment could only be developed by circumstances. However, from that day to the consummation of the union, no Province has been without its advocate of the measure. About the year 180(1, the H(m. R. J. Uniache, of Nova Scotia, sugii'csted a scheme of colonial union to the Imperial authori- ties, which received considerable attention; and in 1814, Chief Justice Sewell, of t^uel)ec, — a man established in the friendshipof the Duke of Kent, father of Her Majesty the Queen, — addressed to His Royal llinhncss a letter on the subject of a union, strongly rocomrnending it — a document to which allusion is made by Lord Durham in his rci)ort on the allairs of the British North American Provinces. In 1822, Sir John Beverly Robinson, at the request of the Colonial Olhcc, .submitted a scheme of a similar nature. In 1824, and again in 1827, the subject was mooted in the provincial newspapers. Robert (Jouriay, 'Xff t! 'rrTTIJTS HISTORY OF THE DOlNnNfOX OF CANADA, writing from Loudon, iuDccenilM'r, lH2."i, vecom- mendod thai ■ " Nova Scotiii, Nowlbxindland, I Cape Breton, New '>rnnswi< k, and Lower and Upper Canada, slT^idd l>e eonl'ederated , each to be as free Avliuin itself as one of the United States, uiid the whole to hold congress at Quebec, iiath also to send two nienil)evs to the British Parliament, to speak, but not to vote. A con- vention lo meet after a lapse of time, to review and amend the whole system of government. A , supreme jiulieial court to sit at Quebec ibr the linal determinatio;iof apjx'als, and th<' governor- iu-chiel' to exercise clemency." Many other details are included in his pri)ject. among which are, freedom of trade, assimilalionof laws, canals, provincial army and luxvy ; all to be gradually introduced, and religious (-(juality to be estab- lished. In ls3si. the Right lieverend Dr. Stra- chan, Lord liishop of Toronto, in a letter to Mr. Charles Buller, secretary to Lord Durham, thus \ expresses himself: " It will be a pleasure to me to contribute everything in my power to the prosperous issue ol' Lord Durham's administra- tion ; and if Mr. I'itt considered the constitution j which he conferred iipcu the Canadas one of the glories of his life, what glory must redound to ' the stat<'smen who give a free constitution to the : British North American Colonies, and by coii- solidatinu' them into one territory or kingdom, j exalt them to a nation acting in unity, and under the protection of the British Government, and thus not only ensuring their happiness, but pre- , venting forever the sad consecpiences that miiiht ! arise from a rival power getting possession of : their shores,"' 2. — We ha\(' good grounds for believina' that Lord Durham's advocacy of union was, in a great i.nr,iiin,i,.,ns..m>,t,. measurc, the "seed sown on good io.c,M.k.ien,im„. o'vouud." lu his celebrated rcport on Canada and British North America generally. His Lordship laid great stress upon the absolute necessity of a union, tlius : — " On my first arrival in Canada I was strongly inclined to the project of a federal union, and il was with such a plan in view that I discussed a general measure for the government of the Colonies, with the depu- tations from the Lower Provinces, and with various leading individuals and public bodies in the Canadas. But I had still more stronaly im-. pressed on me the great advantage ol' an united government, and I was gratified by finding llie leading minds of the various colonies strongly and generally inclined to a scheme that would elevate their countries into .something like a national existence.'' Again, in reference to the inlluence of the United States as hemming us in on CA'ery side. His Lord.shij) proceeds : -'If we wish to prevent the extension of this influence, ' it can only be done by raising up lor the North ' American colonist sonn^ nationality of his own. by elevating those small and uuimi)ortant com- munities into a society having some objects of a national importance, and by thus giving their inhabitants a country which they will l)e un- willing to see absorbed even into one more jiowerful. A union for conuaon defence ayainst foreign enemies is the natural bond of connection that holds together the great communities of the world, and between no i>arts of any kingdon.i or Slate is thi' necessity for such a union more obvious than between the whole of these col- onies." But if colonial jealousies and dissensions prevented the accomplishment of Lord Durham's recommendations at that time, there is no doubt that his report was the means of preparing the public mind for the adoption of a measure similar in many respects to that proposed by him. The author of '• Hochelaga'' and "The Conquest of Canada,'' writing in 184;], Lives expression to his hopes in the following language : •' I should rejoice to see all the British North American possessions, Newfoundland included, united uiuler a central colonial government and repre- sented in a common legislature ; each, however, still retaining its own assemblies for local and particular juirposes.'' But it wouhl be tedious as well as dillicult to enumerate all the ''declara- tions" for a union that wove i)ronouiiced by in- fluential men of the provinces during these years. ;?.— The liritish American League, at Kingston, passed resolutions in iavor of union, and in ISol, Col. Arthur Kankin, in his ad- ,,-ir„„ffl,i„i .-t,.,.».o- dress to the electors of Kent, ».ud»couie.u.ruii.m. TtriT^ «.>',.«». Lbli(^ bodiosin .' stronii'ly im- ' ol' an united ty finding the nies strongly le that would •■thing like a li'ri'uce to the eniming us in :^cds : •' It" we his induence, for the North y of his own, il)ortaut com- le ol)jo(ts of a yiviiig their r will ho uu- ito one more 'fenee against of connection luiiiliesof the y kingdom or union more of these (ol- id dissensions j ord Durham's i is no doubt i )reparing the asure similar y him. The ! Conquest of essiou to his •'I should th American ided, united it and reprc- ich, however, i)V local and I bo tedious le •declara- u'ced by in- uring these a I Kingston, and in 1851, l"llii'iill steps to- lls ColllV'ilcI'Mlioll. THE CON KEDEKATFON. 27 strongly advocated the project. Afterwards, in lS5(i, that u'entleman. when member for Es.sex. placed the followuia' motion on the notice papers of the Ihmse: '-Mr. Ivankin — On Wednesday next (30th April, 1ss lo Her Majesty to recommend the same to the consideration of the Imperial Par- liament." The motion was coldly received, the leaders on both sides of the house regarding it as visionary : Hon. W. H. Mi'rritt, who cordially approved of Col. lJankin"s motion, beinu' the only notable excej)ti(in. In l!^54. thi> question was discussed in the Nova Scotia Parliament, Hon. Messrs. .Tohiiston and Howe, the leaders of the rival parties, vyina' with each other in their advocacy of a mi^asure which, in their opinion, would l>e the means of constituting a u'reat mition, by combining the eh'inents of strength and wenlth which all the isolated Provinces possess. In 18o8, the Hon. A. T. Gait revived the subject in the Canadian Parliament, and el()<|uently dilated en the benelits to be derived from an nnioii of the Provinces ; and when, in th(^ summer of that year, he became a member of the ministry, he insisted on its being made a cabinet (piestion, with what success is shown by the followiim' from Sir J']dmund H(>ad, the then GoviM-nor-Oeneral's speech at the closing of the session of 18.')S : " I propose in the course of the recess to conimuni<'ate with Her Majesty's Government, and with the govtn'nments of the sister colonies, on another matter of very ureal importmice. I am desirous of inviting them to di.scuss with us the principles on which a bond of a federal ral union of the Provinces as a solution of the grave dilli- culties whi( h presented themselves in carrying on the Queen's iiovernnn'nt in Canada. The defeat and consequent resignation of the Derbv- D'lsraeli ministry in England, prevented any decisive measure at that time on the part of the rm])erial authovit ies. 4. — In 1801, the Nova Scotia Parliament pas-sed a resolution favorable to union, by a unanimous vote, whi<'h, having been trans- Tii.ci„iii..ti.tuHi, mitted to the Colonial Oliice. was ^'''''vcnli,,,,. forwarded by the Duke ot Newcastle, the then Colonial Secretary, in a despatch dated July 0, 18G2, to the Governor-General, and to the Lieutenant-Governors of the several Provinces. His Grace stated that Her Majesty's governnu^nt was not prei)ared to announce any definite policy on a question which had been taken up by only one Province, and thct before their respective legislatxires. at the commenc(>ment of their sev- eral sessions of 18(;4, lor th(> purpo.s(>of ai>]ioint- ing delegates to confer as to the practicability of establishing a leaislative union between the maritime Provinces. Considerabl > discussion followed in those Provinces, which elicited con- sidtnable opposition, especially in Prince lildward Island, to a Ifgixlalirc union. However, the legis- lature of that Province, in the same year, passed the following resolution, which is I he same as was passed by the legislatures of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick: " yiV'so/iW, Tb.ut His i-^x- cellency the Lieutenant-Governor, be authorized to ai)i)oint delegates, — not to exc(>ed hve, — to confer with delegates who may be appointed by the governments of Nova Scotia and New Uruns- wiek. lor the purpose of discussing the expe- diency of the union of the three Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince ]']d- ward Island, under one liovernment and leffis- m h 28 TITTLK'S IHSTOr?V OK THH DOMINION ()V CANADA. Till' IMlP^■l'lllCIll in (he (juiiuIms. laturo, till' report ol' (lie siiid ik'lcji'atoH to Ix' laid boiorc the legislature ol' this Colony, before any I'urther action shall be taken in reuard to the proposed measure." Deleuatcs \V(?re accordingly appointed ])y the three Provinces in qnestion, I and arranii'ements were made for a convention ' at Charlottetown. 5. — While these movements were taking place in the maritime Provinces, the leading statesmen ol'the Canadas were castina- about lor some nn^thod by which the conllicts between the upper and lower Provinces could be adjusted. The very possibilities of ])arty government seemed to be j)assing away. Ministvy after ministry were compelled to resign the government, until, in 1804, when the Tache- Macdonald administration was overthrown, the leaders of tht> Keform party made overtures to Hon. John A. Macdonald, in a hope that the dilhculties might be overcome by a federal system of goA'crnment. ai)i)lying either to the Canadas, or all British Norl h America. These proposil ions w^ere most cordially received, and resulted in the formation of a coalition government, which pledged it.self in the followinu' languaa't' : " The government are ])repared to pledge tliemselves to brinn' in a measure next session, for the jiur- pose of removing existing difficulties ])y intro- ducing the federal ]n-inciple into Canada, coupled with such provisions as will permit the northern provinces and the Northwest Territory to be incorporated with the same system of govern- ment.' The Charlottetown convention, before spoken ol', was arranged for within a month after the coalition government was formed, as the Canadian government hastened to join in the movement. This was done with the ctm- sent of the other governments concerned. The Charlottetown convention, therefore, became an event of y-reat historic interest. It convened on the lirst day of September, 18iU. The Canadas were represented by : — Tliii Hill), .loliii .\. MiK iloniild, M.P.I'., .\tt. Gen. V. C. '■ (ii'o. IlroWM. M.l'.l'.. I'lfS. Ciiiiii. " A. T. Gull. M.l'.r., KitmiK-e Miii. " (i. E. OirtiiT, .M.l'.r.. Alt. Oeii. L. C. " Wm. .MiDoiipiill. M.IM'.. Mill, of Ar. " T. D'Aivy McGec, M.P.I'., Sol. Gen. L. C. Nova Scotia was represented by : — Till' lion. ClinrloM Tiippcr, M.P.l'., I'lov. Sor. " W. A. Ifonry, M.I'I'., All. (uii. R. H. DiiUic. M.L.C. ■' .1. McCnll.v. M.I,.C. " A. G. AnliilKild, M.l'.l'. New Brunswick was represented by : — Till- 11,111. S. I,. Till.y, M.l'.r.. Piov. Scr. ■' .1. M. .rolinston. M.P.P.. Att. Grii. '• J. II. Gray, M.l'.l'. " E. n. ("Immller, M.LC. •• W. II. Stcfvus, M.L.C. Prince Edward Island was represented by : — Till' Hon. Col. Gray, M.P.I'., Pros, of Conn. '■ K. PalniiT, M.L.c.. Att. tioii. • W. H. Piipr. M.Pl'.. Colonial Ser. " G. Colfs. M.P.P. '■ A. A. Mttcdoniilii, M.L.C. Newfoundland sent no delegates. 6. — The work of the Charlottetown Conven- tion embraced litth> more than an interchange of ; sentiment on the siibject of con- lederation, and the arrangement ('imrie held at t^uel>ec, came from the Canadian delegates. The proposition was agreed to, and the Charlottetown Conven- tion suspended its deliberations. But it mu,st be remembered that the great work of this con- ference was to ripen the now rapidly growing sentiment in favor of a general union of all the Provinces. 7. — The arrangements for the Intercofonial Conference, at Quebec, were soon completed, and the conference commenced its de- .pi,,, ,j|„,|,^,(, li])eralions on the 10th of October, »'""i'''-'"'^^' in the same year, all of the delegates, thirty- three in number, being i)reseiit. There were seven delegates from New Brunswick ; live from Nova Scotia ; seven from Prince Edward Island ; ^ M li I by :- soiilod by : — )W]i Coiivon- itorchango of he wiirk 111' the' h!ir!^>ttf'tiiwri >n\oiiti>ii). Mr as would uor-Clciicral. action was, )miiiissioned i leiiislativo able by all, authorized 'ir pveseuce »ositioii for a iiebec, came proposition wii ("oiiveii- 5ut it umst of this ron- ly g'rowiiig )n of all the utercolonial iil)leted,and irt'i-cnee. ales, thirty- riicre were L ; live from ard Island ; W TIIK COM'KDKIJATIoN. 29 tw> from Ncwioundland ; and twi'lve, conipris inff ih(> whole Canadian ministry, n'prescntii'j' Canada. The votes were taken not by pers.nis present, but by Trovinces. The loUowina- is a list of all tlie ti-enlh'nien wlio sat in conference : Till- ll(p|i. Sii- Kliiiiiic 1'. Tiiclu-, I'lcinirr. '• .1. A. Macdoiiiilil. .\tt. lien. Wi'sl. ■' (i. K. I'liitiei- Att. Ocli. Eiist. " W. MrUniigiill. I'rov. Sec. •' (iciiigr I'niwti, I'ri's. C'oun. A. T. (Iiilt. Finnmc Min. .\ Ciiiniiljrll, C(mi. (if Cniwii Liinds. '■ Oliver J[(uvnl. l'll^tlllllstl•l• Gi'n. ■' II. L. r.iiiiKeviii, Sol. (ten. Kast. " T. IJ'Arey Me(ii(". Mill, of Ak- '■ .1. Corlililini. Sol. (Jell. West, " T. C. (.'Iiii|i:ii^. ('n;ii. of I'lili. Works. Xiir /Iriiii'irir'!. The II..11. S. I.. Tilley. I'rov. See. " ,1. M. .loliliston, Alt. Ceil. '■ r. Mitelull. C. ImsIk r. •' K. CIl.llKllel-. " W. II. Sleeves. " .f. 11.(1 lii.V. A'nrit Srnti'f. Tlle Ilnii. I'. Tll|.per. I'rov. See. W. A. Henry. Att. (ien. j " It. li. Dickie. i " .1. Mii'iilly. I " ' .\. s of the delenates. and were ordered to be submitted by its dele-ily pl(^as(Hl to cause a measure to be submilted to th(> Imperial Parliament for the purpose ol' unitiiiu' the Colonies ol' Canada, Nova Scolia, New lirunswick, \eA\ I'oundland, aiul Prince lid ward Island in one government', with pro- AMsions based on certain resolutions which were j adopted at a conference of deleu'ates from the said Colonies, held at the city of (Quebec on the 10th of October, istU."' After a debate of over a fortnight's .'nration. the resolutions were adopted in the ( 'uncil on the 20th of February, by a vote of forty-five to fifteen: and, in the Assembly, after a most exhaustive and exhaust- ing five weeks' debate, they were agreed to on the 10th of March, by a vote of ninety-one to thirty-three. The ninety-one who voted for the resolutions were comi)osed of fifty-four from Upper Canada, and thirty-seven from Lower Canada ; Avhile twenty-five from Lower Canada aiul eiuht froiu Upper Canada made up the thirty-three who opposed them. After the close of the session in April, ISii.j, the Hon. Messrs. lU'own, Cartier, J. A.-^Iac(.lonald, and (!alt, proceeded to iMiglaU'l. in order to confer with the Imperial aulhorities upon the subject of confederation and other matters connected llll ^11 rl an TITTLKS IIISI'OHV ((I'lJIK Do.MI.N'lON OF < 'AXADA. ! ' Ilioiewith ol' colonial and national importance. The luipcrial Govonimcnt atiain rcncwocl the assurances oi' their approval ot the confederation scheme, and their desire to i)roniote its adoption 1)\ every Icuitinnile means. !'. — In New lirunswick, the (iacliee scheme was hrouiilit Ix-l'ore the peoi)le at the u'eneral : i'i...(r.ii,.ir- in election, in March, ISO;"), and a I .\,w iirM„-wi,k. House of Assonihly. hostile to that scheme, was chosen. An anti-coniedeiation I ministry came into power, and tliiniis looked ill j lor a speedy success of the union cause. IIow- I ever, alter-events provi'd that the real senti- [ ment.s of the people oI' New ]>rx;nswick u]ion ! the suhject of confederation had not heen ol)- tained. and that the elections of I860 had been carried in a ureat measure by side issues. In the session of LSdO, the Hon. A. E. Boisibrd moved the followiui;' resolution in the Leo-isla- tive Council, on the 0th of April: "We, your Majesty's faithful and loyal subjects, the liCuis- Intive Council of New Brunswick, in Provincial Parliament assembled, humbly approach your Majesty willi the conviction that a union of all your Majesty's l>ritisii North American Colonies, 1 based on the resolutions adopted at the confer- ence of deleiiates from the several Colonies, held at (^uel)ec on the 10th day of October, 1rity and inlluence, and calculated alike to strenglheu and peritetuate the lies which bind them to your lii'acious Majesty's Throiu' and Government, and humbly pray that your Majesty may be liraciously l)leased to cause a measure to b(> submitted to the Imperial ParlianuMit for the piirpose of tlius unitiny' the Colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick. Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island into oiu? G-overnment.'' I lis l']\cellcncy's reply was highly favorable to the confederation scheme, and, inconsequence there- of, the ministry resigned oUice on the 10th of April. Tiieir resignation was acceiited, and a new ministry formed, which was composed chielly of lienllemen v.'ho had taken an active part in forwarding the cause of confederation. A general election immediately followed, which resxdted in the utter vout of the anti-confede- rates, ami the comi)lete triumph of the friends of union. In the address in reply to the Gov- ernor's spoe onlideme on our cordial co-operation to m com]>lish that object." On the 30th of ,luiu\ on motion of the Hon. Charles Fi.sher. the Lieutenant-Governor was petitioned to appoint deleu'ates to arrange with delegates fnmi the other Provinces, with the Imperial Government, I'ov the union of Brit- ish North America, upon such terms as would secure the just rights and interests of New Brunswick, accompanied with provision for the immediate construction of the Intercolonial Uaihvay. An anu^ndment to defeat tlie resolu- tion was voted down bj- thirty-one au'ainst eight. A similar resolution was adopted in the Legislative Council, and thus the (juestion of confederation was settled so far as New Bruns- wick was concerned. 10. — To Nova Scotia, it may be said, belongs the honor of having taken the initiatory steps which liimlly resulted in the ,.,,„„„,i„,, j,, adoption of confederation. In ^■"™'->"'i" the session of 1S(!1, when the Hon. Joseph Hf)we was a meml)er of the Government, the followiuii' resolution was unanimously adoj^ted : " Whereas, the subject of a union of the North American Provinces, or of the maritime Pro- vinces, from time to time, has been mooted and discus.sed in all the Colonies ; aiul. irlierras, while many advantages may be secured by such a unifin, either of all the Provinces, or a portion of them, many and serious obstacles are pre- sented which can only be overcome by mutual consultation of the leadini>' men of the Colonies, and by free communication with the Imperial Government. Therefore, reaoleed, that His Ex- cellency, the Lieutenant-Governor, be respect- ,.« * i> anli-conrode- of (lie IVieiuls ly lo the Gov- agnipli on Ihe riod by a vote viKnv that Ilcr essocl a .strong- union of the s is iin ohjoct legishiture of V in this yi<,>w, ith tonlidonce I'oniplish that motion of the iant-Crov<'rnor t's to arrange •evinces, with union of ]?rit- •ni.s as Would ■e.sts of New vi.sion for the Intercolonial at the rcsolu- -onc iii>';iinst :loi)te(l in the (juestion of New Brun.s- said, ])elo]mvs tiatory .steps ■opccilinf^s in va ."^i-otiM. Ion. Joseph rnmiiit, the dy ado]ited : )f the North iritinie Pro- mooted and lid, ir/iereas, ired hy such or a portion es are pre- l)y mutual le Colonies, le Iniperiiil lat His Ex- l)e respect- ■:1 m 'I'll!': ( ox i"i;i)i-: RATION. :!l fully recjuested to put himself in eonimunicatiou with His Grace, the ('olonial Seeretary. and His I'^xeelleiii y the ( Jovernor-Cieneral of the North Auieriean Colonies, in order to ascertain the policy of Her .Majesty's Government, and the opinions of the other Colonies, with a view to the eiilinhtened consideration of a (juestion involvinu' the highest interests, and upon which the i)ul)lic mind in all the I'rovinci's ought to he ;.l rest.' Now, this ,vas tlie resolution which l)ruebec. Conference. l'"or souio tiine after the (Quebec Conference, Nova Siotia, because of the bad effects which the dei'eat of the union cause in New Brunswick i)roduced, took no stejis to further the federal scheme. However, in L'^liti, the Hon. Dr. Charles Tupper submitted the follc)\vine' resolution to the lk>use of Assembly, which was adoi)ted by a vote of thirty-one to nineteen : ■' Whereas, in the opinion of this House, it is desirable that a confederation of the British North American Colonies .should take place: Jltatolufd, therefore, that His l']xcellen< y the Lieutenant-Governor l»e authorized to ap- point delegates to arranue with the Imperial Government a schme of union which will effectually ensure just ])rovision for the rights and interests of this Province. Each Province to have an e([ual voice in such deleuation. Upper and Lower Canada being for this pur- pose considered as separate Provinces." As will be seen in a subsequent chapter, the people of Nova Scotia, in the next electicni pronounced strongly aaainst the measure. 11. — The progress of the union movement in Newfoundland had so far resulted unfavorably. i'rn,o,.,iinL'< in The subject was broimht before .\c.«iuu,uii.„.i. tj^y legislature by His Excellency the (rovernor, in his speech at the opening of the sesion in January, 18G6, a)id the House, in committee of the whole on the address in re])ly to His Exci'llency, adopted the following para- graph in answer thereto : ■' On the important (pu'stion of confederation, in recognizing the solicitude of Her Majesty's Government for t he welfim- of this Colony, we concur in the view of your Excellency that the abstract advantages of union are so obvious as to be almost neces- sarily acknowledged ; whilst with regard to this Colony, and on the details of .so grave a measure, it is natural that much diversity of opinion should prevail. This is a matter which shall engaue our .serious attention.' This ex- l)ression of opinion was carried over an amend- ment to dei'eat it by a vote of einhteen to six. Soon alter, at the sami; session, a resolution was carried to leave the whole matter in abeyance until information of the action taken by the [ other Provinces in relation thereto would be | received. It is more than probable that had • the legislature of Newfouiullaiul been convened | afte:' the action taki'U by the other Provinces in | ai)pointing deleuates to arrange the terms of confederation with the Imi)erial Government, its own course would have been more favorable. ' 12. — Prince Edw^ard Islaiul, by its letiislature. ! repudiated the action of the delegates at the '. Quebec Conference, but, as we i.,!,,,,. im« n-.i Mmi.i .shallseeinasubse(|uentchai)ter, "'"' li'iii'i"'"!'"" • ^ the Provinci! recon.sidered its action and came into the union, after the confederation was ac- : complished by the iimr Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scot i > and New ]}runswick. The action taken by Briti.sh Columbia will be re- i corded in connection with an account of the admi.ssion of that Province into the union. 13. — Durinii- the summer of 18" i:iii'ia."i. from the several i'rovinces. lo settle the details and determine the precise terms of the .•Vriiii.s\vi' a nation's constitution. Lord Carnarvon after- wards ))ore testimony to the statesnumliko (jual- ities which were displayed in the .settlement of sectional dilliculties, the unravelliiiii- of knotty points, the mutual for])earance, and the zeal and assiduity displayed duriiijj the prolonged .•?ittings of the conference. Several of its nienibt is have since received the blue ribbon of the Bath, audits chairman is now Sir John A. Macdonald, K. C. 15. 14. — The Imperial rarliament met on the 5th of February. lst!7. On the 7th, the bill for the ton federation of the Provinces was introduced into the House of Lords by Lord Carnarvon, the then Colonial Secretary, and was received with approbation by all parties. On the 19th it was read a second time, was passed throuiih committee of the whole on the 22d, and on the liOth February was read a third time. It was at once brought down to the House of Commons, and on the '2Sih of Febnuny was moved to a second reading. After a long and interesting debate, during which no men of any prominence, with the exception of Mr. Bright, opposed the measure, the motion was agreed to without a division. It i)assi'd tl.irough committee of the whole on the 4th of March, and was ri>ad a third time and linally passed Iht^ House of Commons on the Sih of Acti ■!' tlic Iiii- iicrial I'Mi'liamont. March. On the 2Kth of thut mouth it received the royal assent, and became one of the laws of the em]>ire. The name chosen for the united Provinces was " The Dominion of Canada," Upper Canada to be henceforth called Oirtario, and J.,ower Camvda (Juebec From Nova Scotia alone came any serious opposition to tho con- feileratioii .scheme after the appointment of delegates to the Loudon Conlerence. Hon. Messrs. Howe and Aunand went to London on behalf of the opponents ol the union, who made a linal ellort to throw obstacles in the \vay of its success. On the meeting of the Nova Scotia legislature on the Idtli of March, when an amendment to the address in reply to tht^ G-ov- cruor's speech lireathiui;' a spirit hostile to con- federation, was moved, after an animated debate, it was defeated by a vote of ."JO to 10. lint this opposition is further described in a following chapter. 15. — Tin- work of legislation being fully ac- comi)li.shed. Her Majesty was graciously pleased to i.ssue her i)roclamatioii on the .,., „ , *■ 1 hi' I'rnrhiiirtr.iiin ■2-2d of May, declaring that the ""i'>^^ '^''-^i"- Dominion of Canada should commence its ex- istence on the 1st of July, 1S(J7. ai:d ai)pointiiig the members of the Semite. -'In tiuis brielly tracing the history of confederation from the time that, as a tiny seedlinii' it was fo.- te -ed in the minds of men of far-seeing and states. aaii- like views, until now, when it has grown iiuo a wide-spreading tree, beneath whose siieller rest the hopes of what promises to be a mighty nation," it has been our object to show that it is not a hastily conceived and ill-digested scheui", but that it is one of gradu;:! aiowth, towards which for years our destiny has been drawing us, as in itself peculiarly adapted to the necessities and tho genius of our people. The ten years of prosperity which have suc- ceeded the measure ami)ly demonstrate the wisdom of its provisions. li it rcfi'ivod r till' liiws dl" V the united of CaiiiuUi," Hod Oirtiu'io, Nova Scotia to tho « oii- (ointiiu'iil of L'lKC. Hon. > London on II, who nuido he way of its ^'ova Scotia h, Avhcn an r to tho Grov- ustile to con- aatod dol)ato, (J. l!ut this a lollowing inn- fully ao- nisiy ploasod U' 1'i'(i('Iam:itiiiu .011(0 its OX- iippoiiitiug lly lus bill »n I'roin tho i'o,- CO. ll slat. Ill os.uau- yi'owu iiuo lioso siioltor |)o a miiihty liow that it |ill-dii>vsted th, 'y riowtli, ;is Ijcou daptod to )ur pooplo. vo sue ha listrato tho ^'-^^■ f''*h!i #. 1 U ■yif-. 4|r -.i?;--- lr.- "f i.?3i>»«%4i' fW 'ijM.i.s msrcfr «i '■<: »g ir I •\'f an(.i V 4t ENSRAVtO EXPRESSLY FOR" lUTTLES HISTORY OF THE DOMINION' THE SURlANO OESBARflS LITHOCOMP- li AU: LORD JIOXCK'S ADMrXlSTIiATION.— 18(i7. 33 CHAriER II. \A)Rl) M0XCK.-8 ADMINlSTlv'ATION.- iSiiT. 1. The BKaiN.\ix(t of a New Ei!A. — 2. The TEitMs OF Tin; Union. — 3. Cei,ei!RATIon OK Dominion Day. — 4. Deter.mix.vtion to KOii.M A Coalition Ministry — Opposition TO the Schk.me. — "). Meetin(". of the 1\E- KOKM Conventio.v.— G. Hon. Messrs. How- T.AND AND McDoidAMi DEFEND COALITION. — 7. Coalition (.'oxdemned hy the C'on- VE.NTioN. — 8. Reform PAirrv and Confed- eration. — 0. TfAN of First Cahinet. — 10. The First Carixet. — 11. IIoxous given TO Confederation Co.mmissioners. — 12. The lu.ECTioNs. — 1;). Results (jf the Elections. — 14. The Coxti-^t ix Querec. I;5. CONTE.ST IN the MaRITI.ME rilOVINCES. 1. — Till' Dominion of Canada camo inio ox- i.^tcnce. by royal proclamation, on the lirst day A new cTii in °^' -'"ly- '^- D., 18(57. Tlii.s was cma.ii.n insi.„y. .^j^ ,^^.^.,,„j jVanght witli i-real.T importance, in many respects, than any other Avhieh has characterized the history ol' the coun- try, wiih the possible exception ol' General WoHb" < victory on the Plains ol' Abraham. The latter was a victory oi' war, the I'ormer of peace. There were not a few, who, from unpatriotic motives — and a smaller number from honest j conviction — proclaimed the union to be a hurt- ful measure, and predicted for it a short and disastrous life. But the lirst decade of its noble ' existenci' has not only .silenced all opposition, but yielded the o-mndest fruits of national J prosperity. The scheme of confederation has | therefore proved successful beyond the best j expi'ctations of its most sanguino advocates. It ' has already revealed the oTeat possibilities ofi our future greatness, and endowed iis with a ' patriotism aiul a spirit of enterprise v, liicli are alike requisite to the development of our re- sources, and indispensably ciuu-acteristic of British peoi)Ie. Confederation has furnished Canada an i.ssuo of union, in which the best Ihoiiuhl, talent, genius, capital and energy of Chnriicter of the I'jiiim cil IHHr. the statesman, the artist, the preacher, the mer- chant, the farmer, and the mechanic, centre in a common fuiul of iiational wealth, from which shall long continue to emanate those blessings which secure the best freedom and most endur- able happiness of Christian civilization. Con- federation is Canada's passport to a larger and more usefiil, as well as a happier existence. 21. — The Dominion of Canada, by the terms ! of confederation, did not become wholly a nation. The bond of union Avith the mother country was not broken off, but, in the long run, substantially improved. However, Canada, by the measure of confedera- tion, secured a decree of freedom aiul indepen- di'uce such as few nations enjoy, and a greater and more complete control of her internal ailiiirs than was pcssible to the provinces in their separate condition. Indeed, under her present constitutional government, Canada has the con- duct of her general affairs nearly as completely in her own hands as those of Great Britain are in those of the Imperial Government, — the sligi.*^ revisionary power retained in the hands of the Home authorities not being of a nature to render it at all i)robable that any ill-feeling or dissatis- faction will ever arise ; while the line dividinu' the authority of the general and local novern- ments is so wisely drawn that there is scarcely a possibility of internal diliiculties in thi' admin- istration of political affairs. The union is a federal one of just and equitable terms, and con- tains all the germs of strength and permanancy. 15y the terms of the act the Province of Canada was redivided and made into two sei)arate pro- vinces, to be known as Ontario and Quebec, the boundaries of each corresponding to those of the old provinces of I'pper and Lower Canada respectively, each having its local parliament for the management of its local allairs : the Pro- vinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick re- mained as they were before confederation. The Semite was to consist of seventy-two members, to be appointed by the Crown, twenty-lour each from Ontario and (Quebec, and twelve each I'roin Nova tScotia and New Brunswick, {{epicsen- tation in the House of Commons was to lie by m' :u Tl'TTM-rs HISTORY OF TTFH PO>ri.\IOX OF CANADA. C.'Icl.I'Mti I' I>"nitrii'>ii l»ii\-— l-ri'lillU.-.H population, basocl on the census ol' 1861, mul to l)i' re-ad justed after each decennial census ; the nuuiher of representatives from Quebec was per- manently ilxed at sixty-live, and the other pro- vinces were to he allowed representation in the ratio that sixty-fi\ e stood to the population ol' Quel)ee al c- aeh census. By this arrangement the number oi' members to be elected to the lirst Parliament was one hundred and eighty-one, of which Ontario furnished eighty-two, (Quebec sixt v-live, Nova Scotia nineteen, and New Bruns- wick lilteen. ;). — It was generally desired that the Hrstday of July, the day ui>on which, by Royal jn-ocla- mation, the Dominion came into existence, and each siicceeding anniversary of the ev'ent, shoixld be celebrated by loyal and patriotic demonstra- tions, souunvhal al'ier the fashion of the "Glorious Fourth of July" in the United States. But if there were those who lu'ld sanguine expectations in respect of this, they were doomed to pmtial disap- l)ointnient. There was but little in the day to stir the averaLi'e Canadian heart. Although con- I'edcralion was poi)ular generally, it Avas (juite as universally admittetl to be, in a measure, at least, an experiment, and over this the people could not be expected to celebrate very enthu- siastically. r>esi(U\s, the Canadian people had taken but few Ics.sonsin i)atriotism. This branch of national I'dueation had bi'cn left to a mono- l)oly of the Americans, while, for the most part, we had hitherto been content with loyalty as a hiiihcr grade of political sentiment. D now bcMiiii III (lawn ujion the peoi)le of Canada that iheymiu'hl add a love of country to their love of <^>ueen. w ithoul the slightest ilamage to the latter, and linally there was a u'cneral graduation into the wholesome theory that Canadiiuis should be more devoted to Canaform party in Ontario ■.mcl of the Rouges in Quebec, were by no means fully satisfied with the scheme after it was ac- complished. It is with peculiar feelings that we now (187S), remember the si)eeches of the anti-confederates of ten or eleven years ago. It was our lot to lie reared within the sphere of the political influence of the late lion. Joseph Howe, and like thousands, we had learned to admire the man, and, even against our political education, to listen, with profound respect, to his expositions of political economy. This eloquent statesman was among the Ibremost of those who drew doleful pictures of the ruin which confederation, in his estimation, was sure to work in all the provinces, and Mr. Ilowe was not alone in these groundless crys of alarm. Ihit since the country has the Liood fortune to rejoice at the fivilure of these anti-confederate prophet ies, why jiarade the names of those gentlemen who were unfortunate enonii'h to render a conscieneious but ill tempered op- position to the country's best interests ? Better by far to look at this opposition in another light altogether, and see in it as we may, many good results, in the way of toning down many of the rough edges of the crude scheme, and in I'orcini;' thos(> who favored it to work more earnestly and faithfully to bring it to a successful issue. 4. — It soon became evident to political leaders at least, that the great change in the form of government, must produce a con- f.„„ii,in„-o„„„-i,i„„ siderable change in the relative '""»-••'«'"'»"'■ ■ 1* uccs. Business wed ; pic-uics, lu'ld. Ill the But !i rejoicing. •e was a small dissatisl'ac'tion, mueh yet re- ^ e who had been ' me happy and Iff men in the y opposed con- hinand, Jones, I 3nly express a Ilnited States, 1 arty in Ontario re by no means al'ter it was ae- r i'eeling-s that , speeehes of thi> I years ago. It II the sphen> oi' , te Hon. Joseph had learned to 1st our political imd respect, to onomy. This tile ibremost of s of tlie ruin latioii. was sure ind Mr. IIowi' > crys ol' alarm, xood I'ortune to iiti-conlederale imes ol' those ate enough to ti'inpered op- rests ? Better I another light ay. many good II many oi' the and ill i'orcinii' ' earnestly and ul issue, olitical lenders ill the form ol' Cniililinii— n|.|,i,-iiiciri Ici llll' SI'llillll'. LORD MONCK'S AD.MIXJSTKATION.— 18(i attitude of the two great politiial jiarties. To form a ministry that would I'oramand the hearty support of the country at large, a fusion of in- terests must, it was l)elieved, take place, and old party lines be broken down, and a g-overn- meiit formed of the ])est men, and those in whom the country had the most confidence, irrespec- tive of party. The Hon. John A. Macdonald. wiio })y common consent was the acknowledged leader of his party, and who. because of his position in connection with the very scheme of confederation must necessarily lead the new government, plainly intimated that as a coalition had to be formed in the Province of Canada in 1804 to promote the scheme of confederation, so it w^ould become necessary to form another coali- tion gov(n'nnient to conduct the alfairs of the new Dominion, now that confederation had been accomplished. This idea, however, by no means met with hearty approval from all the leaders of the respective parties, and was most bitterly condemned and opposed by the " Clear Grit" parly, under the leadership of the Hon. George Brown. A large section of the press, led by * riic l'llllll\vin^' lire tho resolutions ailnpled liy tin' Ciinvunlinn : 1 1 1. Minoil by Mr. IMwurd Uluke, ol Turoiilo, sucundeil by .Mr. A. I IrviiiK. ol' lliiiiiiltuii. iinil I liFNoi.vKi),— Tbiit Ibis Convention rouorda its hiith Kratiiication tinit the nit and cariiust contest of the Kel'orm I'arty lor tbu ureat luineiciles ol' i ; niircsentation by iPo|iiilalion, and loe.il eonlrol over loeiil nllairs. liiis at ij last been erowned willi Iritiiniilnint sueeess ; ami it elainis I'nnn the | people of rpper.Caniiibi the need nl'trratitnde dne from a just aneeoiideil by .Mr. .1. (J. Ciirriis of St. Catharines, and liKKiH.vtin,— That while the new I'ederal C.institulinn lor the liiitcd I'rovinees of t'aiuida, .\ova Seoiia. and .New llrnnswiek, diuiblle^s con- tains obviiais dei'eels. yet we nnhesiiatinirly and .ioyfullj reeounize that the measure, as a whole, is based on eipiilable priiieiples, and removes the barriers Ibal ha\e lierelnfore si I in Ihe w.-iy of Knod ifnvernnienl in this Province; and on bebalf of Ihe creal Iteforin I'arly of Ipiier Canada, this Ciinvenlion hearlily miepis ibc new Cnnstitnlion al I in be iiiiiuKuralcd, Willi a delurmiiialion to work il loyally and p.ilienlly, and lo provide such iiniondmenls as e.\|ierienee from year to year may prove I" be exjiedienl. .■I. .Moved by .Mr. Slirlim, .M. P. P., South Wellinuton, i-eenndeil by .Mr. ,fohn .Macdonald, .M. P. P.. Toronto, and Uksiii.vkii.— Thai diiriiiK Ibe binu; and eiirne.-l slniKule of the liebirm iMirly for rcpresenlalioh by population, and local control over local iillairs-al lemrih happily eiubodied in Ihe new Ciinstilulioii— these re- I'ornis were ever sieadiiy renanled as but means to the end id' secnrimr ellii-iciil and cc bill ii.n eminent, and to brini-'iiii.' In ai, end thai Ioiik eiiin ol reckless niisnile wbieh (in ibe words of the urcat Ucform Couven- '' '■ IV.'i), entailed on the eo ry a "lieai.v imblie debt, burdensome la.xalion, treat |ioliii,-iil abuses, and un'versal dissatisl'iielinii." I. .Moved by .Mr. Adam Crooks, of Toronto, seciaided by .Mr. Pardee, of l,anilj|on,aiid the Globe, strongly opposed the formation of another coalition government, and a general convention of the lieform jvirty was called (o mei'tat Toronto on the iTthof June, to coiisiihn" this and other qu('.stions. Meanwhile the (iov- ernor-General had called the Hon. John .A. Mac- donald to form an administration for the new Dominion which waslo be born on tlie iirst day ' of July, and that gentleman had formed a min- istry of thirteen, six of whom were Conserva- tives, six Kel'ormer.s, and one. who had acted with the Iveform party for some time, but had left it for reliiiious and personal reasons. j 5. — The Reform Convention met in the Music I Hall, Toronto, on the i*7th of June, IStiT. There were Ijetweeii six and seven 1 1111 . . 1 . PcrormConvenlion— ! liuiuired tleleuates iiresent, alxiut views .,1 iion. i;e.i. thirty of whom were members of the old Parliament of Canada. The meeting was called to order at two o'clock, when Mr. William Patrick, of Prescott, was elected chair- man, and Messrs. Spruell and Eduar, of Toronto, seta-etaries. The Hon. tieoriiv Brow 11, in nii)\ ing the .second resolution,^ explained at length the Uksiu.vkii — Th..: ''oi I'imvention rci'alls with pleasure lliat Ihe people of Canada have looked earnestly forward 'n the successful tci'ininalion of the loiiK' strut-'i-'le of the Kel'orm partv for ri'presentalive reb.r j il,.,,v when the la.x-iiayers in all scclions of ibe Province would receive Ibi'ir riKhtful and eiiuilable inlluence in lhi> Slate d when by Ihe eonse.|Ucnt a.seeiideney of rebirin iirineiples and reform statesmen in ibc councils c,f the nation, till' scandalous abuses iiiiiler which Ihe country has so hum labored could be swept away, and a new and better em in.'iu'jurated .- and this Conveiilion fully rejot'iii/es Ihe ^'rave re-ponsibilily now ilevolvini: upon Ibe Kclorin parly, by the laru'cly increased pulil ical inlluence secured lo it under Ihe new Constitulion, of niceliiiK Ihe just e.xpcciations of ihe country, and of ciirryini,' into ell'cct vinorously and pnuniilly those nume- rous rebirms in Ibc prac-tical adinini-iralion of public nll.iirs lor which its incmbcrs baveso \,n\i: oniendcd in the Ici-dsbilure and l!ir"iit'h the press. h. .Moved by .Mr. .Mclveown, of Hamilton, seconded by .Mr. .lame.s ViiuiiK, of Halt, and Hksiu.vkii — That coalitions of opposiiin i»iliiieal |iarlics, bir ordinary adniinislralive purposes, ini'vitably result in the abandonment id' |irin- eiple by one or both parlies to the eompac't, the lowering of public moralily, lavish public e.xpendilnre. and widespread corruption; Ihut the coalition of Hill could oidy be justilied on Ihe irround of im erioiis necessity, as Ibc mdy avnihible mode of obiainiiit' ,iusl reprc-eiilalion for Iheiieoplcof I'l r Canada, and on the t-rnnnd Ihal Ihe c.impaei then made was for a spicilic ineasare and for a slipuliilcd period, iind was to eoinetoan end so soon as a measure was allained ; and whib' IbeCon- veiiliiiii is thorouuhly satislied that the Itel'orm party has acted in Ibe best interests of Ihe eoiiiilry by sustaining Ihe ilovi'rnineni until the confederalion measure hns secured, il deems it an imperalivi' duly to dc( hire hal the temporary all i;iiici' bi'lweeM Ihe Kel'orm andCmsiTvative parties should now c'casc, iind Ihal no iloveriiineni will be satisfactory to the iieople of rpper Canada v.bicb is lorinedand niainlaincd by a coal il ion of public men hoblimt opposile poliiiciil priiuiple-. (1. Mined by .Mr. Kenneth .M.i.kcnzic. si ndcil by .Mr llainill and Hk.soi.vkii,— That one of the fundann'iual piinciplc'' of Ibe lieform lairly, now as ever, is, Ihe total seiuiration of Church and .Stale, Ihe ;](i TUTTLE'S inSTOia* OF TIIH DOMINION OF CANADA. ol)j('cts lor which the Convention was called to- U'cther. His speech was largely devoted to prove the superiority oi" party over coalition si'overninent, and many oi' the able arpitments adduced by him have since been fully verified. But it would not be fair to charge the leaders of the Conservative party with advocating coalition doctrines as a permanent necessity for the new government ; and it was, perhaps, with regard to this point that the greatest misunderstandino' grew up between the two great jwlitical parties. ]Mr. Brown was, however, not th(» man to dis- criminate, in so small a matter, and pronounced the scheme •,. coalition as pernicious in what- eA'er way it might be attempted under confed- eration. There were many who fully endorsed his views, but ten years of practical working under the federal scheme have plainly shown the wisdom of temporary coalition, as the best means of quieting discontent under the ne^\ order of thiniis, and of reaching a sound and healthy party government. Mr. Brown thor- oughly supported confederation. To summar- ize his .speech, he expressed a belief that if sii|i|H>rt i'( the I'lernj'iif nil (leiKimiiiiilinns liy llii' frri' ciinliiliulluns nl' their IMMiplLMMiil the iTi'iiirriitiuii Ly tlii' l.cu'islMtiiri' Mini lliiverniiii'nt ul' all CMMiiili.'in." lis .'iih.ii'i'ts ul' till' (Jnoc'ii ami not in any si'vtarian ciiiiiioity. Till' C,)ii\('iiii(iii hcMVtily n'.iiiii'i's lliat iIk' now Coii.«tilntion .* as liiiM-ati\ e as those heretofore enjoyed, yet IhisCoin ention reiranls it as the diil.v of the Canadian .Adininistration to meet franklx and ennli- iilly any nverlnres from the W'asliiiit'tnn (invernmenl for a new treaty ol eiimmcreial reei|iroeily between Canaila and the Kepiiblii'. exlendinu overii lixeil term of years, based on ei|iiilalile |iriiieiples. and eonsisteiit with the honor of bnlh eonntries. H. Moved by Mr llodBins. nl Toronto, seeonded by l>r. Ilnll, of West York, and UK.sdi.VKli.— That this Convention reeords il^i great SHtifaelion that llie |icii|ile iif .Niiva Seotiiiand .\ew Itrnnswiek are hereafter to be iiniled with the government was a purely party one, con-' It-deration would prove the greatest l)lessing the country had ever known, but if a coalition government was formed, confederation might prove a cixrsc instead of a blessing, for it would lead to more corruption and political immorality than had ever been known before. He defend- ed the coalition government of 18i]4, of which he was a member, on the ground of its being a political necessity, and the only means of bring- ing about confederation ; but now that that end had been attained, coalition had served its piir- pose and should not again be resorted to. He contended that representation by population, a proper adjustment of the revenue, and many other important and necessary reforms which wtmld bo gained by confederation, were the ! results of many years' unceasing elforts of the ; Reforin party of Upi)er Canada, and held that it , was only fair and just that that party should be the one to carry out these reforms ; but, even if ! it were not, and the Conservative party came j into power after the elections, he thouuht it rwould be far better for the interests of the the iieople of Canada under nno (Jnvorninent and l.eRislatnre : and it do'-.s this the more heartily hceanse it well remenihers that the same long lialtle for popular risrhts and soeial and material j vo^rress was fmicht and won in these I'rovinees. as in (' mida. by Heforin statesmen iiKiiinst the bitter opposition and hostility of the Tory parly : and heeiiuse it at'rees hat the Kreat and inlliiential Kehirin parties of those I'rovinees hold I iiriiieiples essentially in unison with those of Canadian Keformers. and that their representatives will he found in the Federal Parliament of the new lliiiniiiiiin the earnest and able advoeates of just, etlieient, and ee ileal livxislalion : and this Coir eiition entertains the hii|ie that the day is not tin distant when .\ewfiiui;i|| I. I'rinee Ivlward Island, and liritish Columbia wiM form part of Ihe huminioii of Canada, upon tonus satisfaetory to Ihe peii|ilo of iliese important Culonies. 1,1. .Moved by Mr. .)os. liymal, .M.l' P.. South Wenlworlb. seeonded by Mr. P>oek. of London, and Kksiii.vi:ii,— That this Convention heartily reioiees that, under the now Ciinstitulioii. the barriers that have stood in the way of eordial sympathy between the Liberals of Lower C.inada and Ihe Kelorm parly of Ipper Canada, have been totally removed : it itr.ilefully remembers Ihe aid reeeived from Ihem in hours of trial, and it antieipales ulTolly that the lime is not far distant when the Keformers of I'pper Caii.ida ma.v be able to repay the oldijjations then inenrred. III. .Moved by .Mr. . I. (I Ciirrie. of St , Catharines, seeonded by .Mr. lirit- toii. of Killt^re the ;■ elibrts of the lid held that it arty should be s ; but, even if ve party came he thouiiht it teresls of the Kisliiliiri' : iinil il (1"'.'.< s tliiil llii! HiMiui Imig iijrrt'ss was t'niit-'lil tiiul liilesmuii iiRiiinsI the mi biH'iiuse it ii^rrces H' and 1 III I'liriiMiiu'iit of tlic ! if jiisi, L'tlicicnl, mill lis till! iidiic liiat tlie j Kilwiiril lsiiui(l,iiiiil t'aiiaila, upon Icrins ntwurlli. soc'iiiilt'ii !)>■ Iliiit, miller llio now ■ "f c'ciriiiiil syiiiiiatliy 'liiiiii party nf IppLT r('iiM*nil)('rs liii' aiii ipatcs ulTiilly Ihal tiii' ■ Can. I'll nia.> lui al)!i' ici'nii.lr.l liv .Mr. lirit ill- pcnplt' 111 (Vntiila iri'ss of unr I'nnntry, \ with wiiii'li till' new "II' I'Mliiin ri'KaV'ls il iii'W l.i'Kislaltirc to I'.irtmcntal s\sli'ni. I til' cnforrcnH'nt of . I lie ;arty who favored coalition, and most especially the Hon. W. P. llowlaiul Mild lion William Macdougall, who had accepted seats iu the then proposed new cabinet, and claimed that after the Reform party had fouuht a long and hard light and gained the victory, it was now tisked. by the terms of the proposed loalition, to give up all that it had won. go down on its knees and humbly ask to be permiited to follow according to the leadership ol lion. John A. Macdoiiald. It- would bo hard to jiraise the Reform party too hiuhly for the great achievements which it has wrought for the benelit of the country; but in the one matter of confederation, that party could not justly claim to have contributed so niueh as the Conservatives, and was not, there- fore, entitled to more than a second place in the new government. This, it ajipcars, Mr. Brown declined to accept, and endeavored to persuade his friends to take a, similar stand. Had his advice prevailed, his party would, no doubt, have obtained control of the government a year l!i:siii,vi:ii,— Tiial in tlir opinion of tliis Cnnvi'nlion oni' of the tirsi and most inii'ortani duties of ihe liovernnient ami I.eifislalnrc. under tlie reloniu"! Coii^tilul ion. will liollie inipvoveniuni of the internal naviication of the lonntry. 11.'. .Moved l)y Dr. Mellill, of Hamilton, seoonded by Mr. Jackson, and lU:soi.vKli.— That one ol tlie iinestions most dei'iilyaH'ceiinir tlie stability and future pnwress of our eoniitry, is how we shall at I met to our shores a larue li.le of Kiiropean emit-ration : and this Convention is of opinion that this hichly important end will best be attained by a thorouub reform of the Crown-laud departiuenlal synteui ; by eMeiidiiin to proposiii); settlers the utmost faeilities for aseerlainint- what piiblie lands are in the market, and seleet intra ml pro|ierly seeurinu; their titles to the lots they may seleet ! by the Imposition of a ; peeial tax on wild lands held liaek from eultiva- tion fur ,-peellhltiM' purposes in sellled townships; I by the speedy opeuiru: up fur >i'ltlement and i-ultivatiou of the wreat North. Western lerritiiries ; and the Convention reeords its i vietion that the small sum that may lie extraeteil tr.im the settler for his lot of wild la"il is of no eonsiileralion wh.iiever in eomparison with the rapid oceiipaliou of the soil by a hardyand iudiistrinus population. l.r Miivi',1 by Mr. .\- M.'K'ellar. .M I'. P.. Ilothwell, seeonded by .Mr. It. M. Rose. Kinirslon. aud lii:.siii,vi;h.-Thal the development of the vast mineral resoiirees of the eoiiutiy has been seriously retarded throiuiii the misinanaKemeut of the Crowi) Liiids Di'partmeiit— miners and eapilalisls ha\e been driven to other eoiiiitries where Useless deparliiii'iital reslrietioiis and annoyimc uueertainilies ami delays do not stand in the way ot pmirress, ami lame Irai'tH of the best niiiieral lands liaviin: been Imlied up in the hands of UU're spei'ulators. 'I'his Ciiuveuliou is linuly of opinion that a system of or two .sooner than it did, but, in such a course, it is not clear that the best interests of the country would have been so well protected. ().— The lion. Messrs. Howlaud tuid Macdou- galj, who had accepted the portfolios of Inland Revenue and rut)lic Works, re- .speetivelv, in the new cotilition la'nd'aiid'Mai'dom'r'aii , . ', . 111-,,. defend eoaliliou. cabinet, being both lielormers, were not only denounced for this breach of poli- tical faith, in the speech of Mr. Brown, but tm the evening of the lirst day of the convention, the lifth resolution was read and passed, condemning them severely for the same act. TJiese gentlemen, in their turn, canu I'orwiird and defeiuled their po.sititms, setting forth the political necessity, which, in their opinion, existed, for forming a coalition government. The Hon. Mr. llowland claimed that by virtue of the union old party lines had been swept away ; tliat the L''overn- inent to come into existence under the new con- stitution had. at that time, no declared policy. and that it was unfair to attack it before il had announced what it intended to do. He b 'lieved that new issues would arise and an honest opposition be formed, but considered oppo- sition for opi)osition's .sake unjust aud iin- generuus. He stated that he and his colleagues had consented to join Mr. Macdonald because .survey and loeation, enablim.' aelual operators to know -vith eerlainty what mineral lauds are in the market, on what londition seleetions nniy be made, ap'l how enterprisinn explorers may promptly and easily seeiire the fruits of their labor, would speedily pro.lnce ,'in iinnieiisedei olopment of the minenil imliisiry of the I'rovini'e ; and this Ciunenti..u recants it "'.' ureal iiublic iniportaiiee that the ard.ioiis and v.ilinilile labors of the settlers in our mineral regions on the north shores of l.ak.s Huron and Superior, and in all other sections of tlii' I'rovinee, entitle them to the eimsideraliou of the (bivernment and l,ei.'isl.niiire, in the improveineut of themeans of eommuniealion and the supply of amide postal faeiliiies. 14. .Moved by .Mr. William Keeles, of St. Catharines, s led by .Mr. Itadelitl'o. of .sJonlh Ontario, and liKSDi.VKP,— That this Convention reeords iis belief that the protrress aud .'oeial happines>- of the p le would be greatly luomoled bv ihe pa-saKe (d'a well eonsi.lered homestead law by wliieh seiilei-. uiay Iv luouey, hi.neslly their own, to the '.'haseof a farm or hoii-e.aml set it .'iside by publie reRistration for the lieuelil of their families, without lialiility to I'utnre ereditors. oiith ilri'v, si'i'omb'd by .Mr. M.-ileoln :r,. Moved by .Mr. Halnli-h, of Camphell.of Kiklord, aud Hksiii.vkp,— That anioim nnmerousi,|her.|iiestioii< di-niamliui.' the early and earnest attention ol the iloveriimeiit ami l.eL-islalure are, an .\et for the windiiKf I f insolvent ii rporated i|.anies,a revision of the I'atent Laws, a stringent .\udit .-XeLapplioable to all publie expemliiures, Ihe establishment of a I'rovineial .rinciple while in Opi)osition which he was not prepared to stand l)y at all hazards when a member ol theOovern- ment. He made vigorous charges against the then incoming (Jovernment, the severest of which was that its members contemjdated exer- cising' undue inllueiu:e at the elections which w ere then a]>proaching. Mr. Mac'kenzie made a decided impres.sion upon the Convention. Addresses were also nuide by other members of the Convention, and some amendments oll'ered to the resolution, but they were all \ oted down, and the resolution as originally read adopted .Imost unanimously, very few voting against it. Coiircili'i-iili'Mi. All the other resolutions were adopted unani- mously, and the Convention adjourned the same afternoon sine die. (J pen the whole, its delibe- rations were purely partisan and characterized with such unanimity as to leave l)ut little doubt in the minds of Conservative leaders, that w hile measure a hearty support, it could not be forgotten that much of the opposi- tion to the scheme emanated from Reform ranks. This dilemma, together with the convenient cloak of coalition, craftily supplied by the Con- servatives, induced many, who could not see how the party could be held togeth(n', to join the popular cause and the then most popular l)olitical organization. In these thmas we have ample uround for the decided stand taken by Hon. Messrs. Brown, Mackenzie and others against coalition, and in favor of party Govern- ment, so that it is diihcult, even at this late date, to render a decision, were we disposed to do so, for or against the claims th(>n put Ibrth ))y the Conservatives in behalf of coalition. The most we can vei.ture in opinion is, that while the plan enabled the Government to adjust and perfect the new Federal machinery, and to quiet such discontent as w^as championed by Hon. Mr. Howe and Nova Scotia, it weakened the inlluence of the regiilar opposition and delayed the benefits which the country is now reaping from a legitimate party Government. Of the two evils presented at the time the latter w^as, perhai)s, the least. 0. — No one was surprised when His ICxcel- lency liord Monck, the Gov'iior-treneral, assign- ed to Hon. John A. Macdonald , ,.,,. ,, , , „ ,. . .1 I'laii III 'Hr.-^l Culiiiiet. the diihcult task ot iornnng the iirst Ministry under confederation. It was absolutely necessary that, whichever jiarty was '.m [opted unani- iuhI the same lo, its dolibe- charactoiized xt little dcmbt !rs, that while ii old party DJish either. >[' which we was a timely lii riirin ii^irty iirul ty, it received confederation. ; life long' Ile- rty support, it of the opposi- Reform ranks, le convenient d by the Con- could not see L>'eth(M-, to join most popular liinus we have and taken by and others iirty Govern- this late date, )osed to do so, Ibrth by the The most .at while the ;o adjust and and to quiet ned by Hon. ■eakened the and delayed in. 1 now reaping lient. Of the le latter was, n His lixcel- Mieral, assign- Miiii 111' tirst Caliinet. on. It was er iiarty was LOJil) MONX'K'S .VD.MIXISTRATION.— lSt57. ao in power, to conduct the business of the country suecessrully, the Government must needs be a strong' one, -'one which could command a larue majority in the House, and be enabled to carry out its measures fearlessly, without incurring the risk of defeat at any moment, at the whim or caprice of two or three members, as had been the case in the old Parliament of Canada, and in order < -> accomplish this, great care had to be exen ised. Mr. Macdonald aeted with great judgment in his selections. He aAoided any attempt to form a Ministry entirely out of his own party, but wisely determined that all the Provinces and both political parties should he rt'presented, and, as nearly as possible, in accord- ance with the relative str<'ngth and imiiortance of parties and Provinces, in the new Cabinet." r>ut we have, in his own language, the ideas of Hon. John A. Macdonald as to how the new Ministry should be formed. He said : — •' I desire to l)ring' to my aid, without respect to parties in the past, gentlemen \vho are in tht» present trovernment wOio wer(> active in bring- ing about the new^ form of Government— w^ho used their inllnence to that cud in the diflerent sections of the Confederacy. I desire to bring to my aid in the new Government those men, irrespective of party, who represent the major- ities in the ditferent Provinces of the Union. I do not want it to be felt by any section in the country that they have no representative in the Cabinet and no inllueme in the Government. And as there are now no is.sues to divide parties, and as all that is required is to have in the Gov- ernment the men who are best ada])ted to put , tlie new machinery in motion, I de.sire to ask | those to join me who have the conlidence and ' repre.sent the majorities in the various sections. of those who were in favor of the adopti.)n of this system »f Government and who wish to see it satisfactorily carried out." And the Conserv- ative Chieftain cannot be charged -^vith dcpart- inu' from this plan in forming the following j Ministry, which was the lirst undei the Federal Union of 1867 :— ! Hon. John Ai.knani)i;ii ArAcno.vAi.i), Con.icrv.itivi', .\I. I',, Oiit.ivici, I'lcinier unci Mini.stiT of .histiic. Tl- ■ lii-tCjI.ini't. Itox. Ai,E\ANiiKU f'AMi'r.KM,. Coiiscrviit i vc, Sc'iiiitor. Oiiliirii). I'ost- uia.-^ti T-tioiu'ial. lIiiN. .\i)AM .loHNsoN l-'Kiior.soN I?l.Aii!, liiifoilii. Sriiatof. Ontario, I'lLsideiit of tlii; I'livy Coimtll. Hon. William Piaiick Howlano, K( 101111. .Al.IV. Oiitaiio, .Minii^UT (it Inland Kcrcniio. Hon. William Maiooimiall, K.foiin, M. 1'.. Ontario. Miui.^^tiT of i'liMir Work.-i. Hon. (iKOiioE Ivi'iknnb Cahtikii. ( 'oii.servativi'. M.I'., (.iihlni', Miii- iritiT of Militia and llrfeni'i'. Hon. Ai.K.NANDKit 'I'lLLocii Galv, ( 'onsiTvati vc, M. p., lincln'c. Minister of l'"iiinnco. Hon. .Ii:an Ciiarlks Ciiai'Ais, CoiisiTvativi', Senator, yui'l'i'c, .Min- jsliT (if .Vfiricnitiiic. Hon. Hkitoii I.orm Lanoevin. Conservative. M. 1'., (Jiicbec, Secretary of State of ( 'aiiada. Hon. Sami 1:1, I.KoNAiiO TiLLEv, H' foriii, M. P., New l!niM.s\viil«, Miiii>tir of ( ii.stonis. Hon. Pkteii MiTciiKLL. Piiforiii, Senator. N'ew I'.ruiiswitk, Minister of Marine and Fisheries. HciN. AoA.Ms Ueoiii.e AiiciniuLi), Iti'foriii, .M. I'., Nov:i Scotia, Secretary of State for tin' Pro\ incts. Hon. 1''ii\vaiio Ke.\nv, Senator, Nova Scotia, neceivei-deiii ral. 10. — Thus, indeed, was coalition thm-oughly introduced in the now Government, and a Ctibinet formed which contained as much permanent strength as could luiA'e been secured by the ajipointmeiit of any other thirteen persons in the Dominion. Ontario being the wealthiest and most populous Province, was given five members, three of whom were Reformers, that party bi>iiig in the ascendancy in the Province. Quebec was tiiveii four representatives, all being Con.servatives, as that ]»arty was in ti larger majority in that Pro- vince ; two members each were given to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, all beiiiii' Reformers, with the excei)ti()n of lion. Mr. Kenny, who had been a Reformer lo.' many years, and a member of the Governmen! of Nova Scotia under the Premiership ot H<serA cd that the Seiiiile was repre- sented liy live members, two from Ontario jind one from each of the other Provinces ; it appears, therefore, almost impossible that Mr. Macdonald could have made a more e(|uitable distrihution ofniiicesin i^arrving' out his idea that all llie $ i(it ft' i! i 11 H) TrTTLK'S HISTORY OF TIfK DoMIXIOX OF CANAr»A. I'i'i)\ iiicos mid hotli politiciil i)avtifs should l)c as I'liirly ivprosi'iitcd as possible in llu' new (.'al)iii('l. It may ht- iicic stated, that in makiiit;- appoiiitmtMits to the Senate — which were lor liie — the same spirit of i'airness was preserved, the iiumher of seats i'or each Province bein1' thirty-six Kelormers and thirty-six Qoiiservatixos. 11. No sooner iiad his Excellency Lord Mouck been sworn in as Govornor-treneral,^ II..M,.,- 1.. ,ii.^tiM Avhieh took place at 11 o'clock -ullutV,;:',',';;'''''''* on th.' first day of .Inly. 1807, at """'■ '• Ottawa, than he announced that lie liad been instructed by llov Majesty, throuuh the Colonial Secretary, to confer the title of K.C.B. on Hon. John A. Macdonald in con- sideration of his distinuuished services in l)rint;- iiio- al)out (!on federation ; and the title of C. !». on tlie other members oi the London deputa- tion, the Hon. Messrs. G. E. dirtier, A. T. Ualt, W. r. Howland, W. Macdougall, S. L. Tilley. and Charles Tapper. Tlie honor was subse- (jueiitly declined by ]Messrs. Cartier and (lalt. but ;iccei)ted by all the others. One of the ciia'i^es l)rou!ilit about l)y coni'ederation was the api)ointment of l.ieutemint-Governors [or tlie I'rovinces by the Federal instead of the Im- peiial Government, and Sir Narcisse F. Belleau was immediately commissioned Lieutemint- (lovernor of (^uel)ec. while the senior military olhcers in tlie otiier Frovinces were temporarily appointed to act pendiiui' the commission of civil oiiicers; thus Major-General Henry William Stisted was api)ointed LieutencUit-Governor of Ontario: Major-General Charles Hastinas Doyle, of New lirunswick, and Lieutenant-General Sir W. Fenwi.'k Williams, of Kars. Hart., K.C.H,, of Nova Scdtia. * 1:2. — One of the results of tht? federal union ! was ti) produce an exciting' contest at the polls ' at the lirst general election. The camitaign began furiously as I'niiliriil i.--iic.< 111 llii^ l'l■l>^illc•l.■^' •Tliriiiilli wiM iiilinihistciT'l tn l,< ! lliiKMriy. Wili'nii anil .Mnnili'lil, wlm yigiiuil lluir iiaiiii's m witne»r«8. soon as it was known that the Union Act pawed the Enulish Parliament. Party lines were con- siderably broken, at least in name, and the words, -'Conservative" and "lieforra" gave way to tho.se of Unionists, anti- Unionists, Coalitionists, and anti -Coalitionists. Excite- ment ran high I The whole country was aroused, and there was not to be found any man, or woman, in cither of the four Provinces, so unintelligent as not to have some sort of oi>iiiio;i to express on the subject. In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick the central, and in fact the only question mooted was Union or anIi-Union. for althouah the (Queen's proclamation had been added to the Act of the Imperial Parliament, the enthusiastic Nova Scotians could see Repeal in the face of it all. It w^as the Hon. .loseph Howe who shaped the political issues of the Liberals in that Province, while the lion, Dr. Tiipper delined the positioti of the Conserv- atives. The words of these able statesmen were caught up by the masses in their resj)ec- tive parties and heralded throughout the length and l)readth of both the Maritime Provinces, but Mr. Howe soon had nearly the whole of his Province following him. In New Brunswick the "Anti"' fetding was also very stroni;-, and in both Provinces there was so much talk about annexation that, we are bound to say, the feel- ing of loyalty had reached an el)b so low as to be dangerous. In evry respect the New Eng- land States allbrded the people a jnore accessible market for either buyinu' or selling, than either Ontario or (Quebec, and all the [)r(mii.ses that coidd be made on the strength of the Inter- colonial liailway, were insulhcient to persuade them against the belief that the i)roposed con- federation would work great advantages to the Canadas at the exjienise of the Lower Provinces. In Quebec the contest was a jiaity one l)etween Rouges and Conservatives, but the former caught the disloyal ideas of the maritime anti- Unionists, and entertained an expressed desire for annexation to the United States. However, there was nowhere in the country a settled jxtlicy of annexation. It was the mere creation of deleated partisanism, — an outburst of mis- iiion Act jiawt'd liin's were coii- iiiuuc, iiiul tlu> Itorovra" ii'ivvc iiuti- Unionists, mists. Excitc- ' country was found any man, Lv Provinoos, so > sort ol' opinion *^ova Sfotia and md in i'aot the n or anti-Union, nation had been rial Parliament, ould seo Kopoal he Hon. .Joseph al issues of tin- le the Hon. Dr, )f tlie C'onserv- al)le statesmen in thi'ir respee- iliout the length [lime Provinces, he whoh- of his \v Brunswick stroiu:', and in uch talk about to say, the I'eel- ib so low as to the New Eni^- more accessil)le ing, than either l)romises th;it of the Inter- nt to jx'rsuade proposed eon- .antaues to the \ver Proviiu'es. ty one between the former inaritinu' anii- xpressed desire :es. However, xntry a settled mere creation tliurst of mis- LOKD MONCF\S A DMINISTRATIOX.— lsnt which did not live a sin;>-le year in the liearts of one hundr.'d intelligent people in all Canada. In Unttvrio the (|ueslion generally narrowed itself down to on." ol coalition or anti-coalition, — that is, till' opposition was not to the scheme of confcdevation itself, but to the form of liov- ernniciii which < outederatiou had called into existence. PuhHc opinion was so excited that the government decided the sooner the (piestion was settled the better for the peact> and welfare of the country, and, therefore, concluded to hold tlui elections as six-edily as possible. Elections were not held then as they are now, simul- taneously throuiihout the Dominion with only one dav's polling: then the writs were issued a few at a time for such districts as the govern- ment pleased to select, and voting lasted two days. There was an imprcBsion that confeder- ation changed the law in this respect, but it was an error, and the elections were held in the old way, those for the House of Commons and the Local Legislatures taking place on the same day. This plan worked great disadvantage to the Ifeformers, was unfair to the oppositioii, and has, happily, Iteen superceded by a better system. ]:'). — The manner in which the elections were conducted gave the coalitionists every possible advi.ntatie. The writs were is- sued from Ottawa on the seventh of AuiiMst, and the government, naturally, selected sonu? i)laces where it was considered to have great strength, so that a number of the early elections went in favor of the Ciovernment candidates l)y acclamation, the iirst election in Ontario beim;' in West Northumberland, where the Hon. .lames Cockburn was n'turned to the Hcmse of Commons without opposition. The elections in ditlercMit constituencies followed fast on eacli other's heels, as many as a dozen a day sometimes occurrinii', aiul it speedily be- came evident that the great bulk of the people in Ontario and (vUiebec heartily endorsed l)oih confi'denition ami the iiovermnent, and that the latter was assured of a larg(^ majority, no matter who the eii'i tions in Nova Scotia or New llruns- y I'esults (if the L'K*r!inliii. wick re.'^nlt'd. In Ontario the priiu'ipal interest centered in South Ontario, where the Hon, (reoruf lirown opposed Mr. T. N. tJibbs the (Jovernmeiit caiulidate. On leavinu' the Coali- tion Cabinet of 18(!4, Mr. IJrown had a'uiounced his intention of retiring from pul)lic life, liui at the solicitation of his. friends he consented to stand for South Ontario, where lie wa-^ person- all v po|>ular. aiul where anti-coalition princi- ples were supposed to prevail. " Imoiu the close of the Iveform Convention on I'sih .lune, Mr. Ibown had been unceasing in his ellbrts against coalition, and had unsparinii'ly used all ' the inlhuMice of the 3/i)he to defeat the new administration, .so that, as he was the repre- sentative man in the anti-coalition party, the contest was watched with keen iiit^'rest. 'flie l'ro\ ince where the (|ueslioiis al issue wotdd be put to the test of a vole, the previous elections having been by acclamation. The other three j)laces were Kingston, Carleton aiul Ottawa City, and the votinn' took place on the 2(jth and liTth of August. At the close of the iirst day's polling in South Ontario, the Aote stootl a tie at 1.0n2 each, aiul the excitement reached fevi'r pitch ; but the knowiiui' ones prophesied that ..>•. Brown, actinu' on a well- -known axiom of his, that 'one vote polled before twelve o'clock was worth two after- wards,' li'ul put I'orth all his strength, and that ^Ir. (lil)bs would be elected. And so the e\ent proved, for on the secoiul day Mr. Brown only polled 2I(i votes to his opponent's :2ST, .ind Mr, ' Cribbs was elected by 71 votes. This dei'eat 'had a very deiiressing etl'i'ct on the anti- coalitionists, and there is little doubt but that many waverinu constituencies were L;ained to the Government by it, and the anti-ccilition movement losl much of its strenmh. Crovern- ment candidates were also elected in the other constituencies contested on li'lth and :27lh of Auffust, Sir .ri)hn .\. Macilonald bciiiL;' clirti'd r I 1 ! I I li^ 42 TI'ITMIS IIISTOIJY ;>F TIIP: DOMINK^N OF CANADA. Till' cliM-IIuKs ill i'iv\iiiii- i.r (iihi by a vote of 7"54 iii^fainst 142 polled lor his opponent. Mr Stewart. Alter this, the eleetions ill Ontario (oiitimied to uo steadily in laxor ol' the (i()\ cr'Uiient, and oiilyahout lirtem Oppo- sitidii and Independent lueinhers were elected init of eiuhty-t\v(p."' This v ■ ult, as tin' reach will observe, was eontribntod in no small niea.sure by the skilliil nianations. rendered po.ssibie by the nnl'ortnnate terms (lithe l;iw tlien rei^uhitiiiL;' suih matters. 14. — 111 the Province of (^>iiehec, the ('oiitest centered ill Montivid, ][ere the lion, ^lossrs. dirtier and McOee, both ol' whom are now dead, were the Government candidates, and were opjiosed by Lanctot and Devlin. -An attempt was made to crciite ill-leeling among the I'riends of Messrs. ('artier iind McGee by statements that the latter had been sliiilitcd by the I'ormer, inas- mueh as he had not been oti'ered a portl'olio in the new Admini.stration while he held one in the old Parliament: ])nt Mr. Modee comiiletelv refuted the statement and snid that he had voluntarily olli'red to waive iiny claim to a seat in the new ministry, as he saw that it was necessary for some cf its members to retire so as to make room for t. ose to be ajipointed from the Maritime Provinv3s. as, otherwise, there would be more members of the ministry '';aii were at all necessary, or Parlinment would be disiioscd to sanction: and that as Mr. Edward Kenny, an Irish Ifoman Catholic, had taken his ])lace, he saw no reason for his Irish Catholic friends to fancy that they had in any way been slighted. Th(> contest between Messrs McGee and JJevlin wa,; extreimdy bitter and personal, and there is no doubt but that to it, in a measure, may be traced the murder of Mr. McGei' in Ottawa, on the seventh of A])ril, iMiS. The Fenian element was strer in that cotinty, who was by all odds the strongest candidate in the lield, the Union cause must have been defeated in Cum- berland also. The doctor Avas ojiposed by Hon. William Annand. of the Halifax Chronicle, the strongest anti-Confederate in the Province, always exceptinu' ]\Ir. Howe, — and gained his seat ])y the slight miijority of seventy. Hon. Mr. Archibald, Secretary of State for Provinces, was defeated; and, beiim- unable to obtain a constituency, was subsequently o])liged to re- ■TIk' iiljovc iKiM.mit ol' llio I'iMili'sl ill .Miinii-eiil, ivliit-li is in ■luiitiifioii.''. is rrmii Ilie iicn ol'ijiie wliii lius tiiKeii iiu imrt in pcililii-s, niiil wlni liii." no preindici's on llic snhjoct. tn siioh nmUor.s, upon wliii-Ii iiiiiny oT ni.\' riMiliis will ilonlille.ss lie vt'i> si'n.-itivu, I linvi' >ou(jlil with ilic urcnti'.-t pains to liivcst o\i_'r.v sliitcniont of the sliu'liiost .ippcuraiu-f of piirtisan li'clin'i. iinil, in imrsnit of this mil. ha\i' sik-cccIoiI in liriniiinir to \\\\ jii.l tho .imlt-'iinail nf tliosc u\ I'r.v way eoinpi'tfiit ami ri'li.iiili'. Thontih iml iilwiiys iMTiniltciI to nsc the inniH's of pt-rsons i-vniK-rintr sin-h assistani'c. I si'C'k lo (Vliniil till' cnsioiiniry iii'kniiwl(' MOXCK — l>^"iT KIK'ST I'.\ K'M AMRXT. r(« very turbu- day's polling, fleeted by a li> o:i Mt'ihiiu- iiitrli'i's, nnd a rh rjutis and ■voi'iil pevsoiiE ! liowevor. were oth till' House iitiire by larjre lections went ■111. and out ol' only twelve eminent. No . on account ol' I day, wliiih )!' the (■](.■( '(ni lent."' * ime rvoviuce.'^, ptember, were Till- ,-U..-iiHMs in tin' .\I irilimi- l'rnviniM'>. ing' carried by ("uiulx'rland. was the only lovime which nient. and had Isented by the , \\iu) w^as by 1 the Held, the ■ated in Cum- >osed by Hon. Chronicle, the |he Province, d gained his venty. Hon. for l'rovinc<>.^, 'i to obtain a 'bli<>-ed to re- ■licli is ill >|ii()t;iMoiii«i llit>. iiiiil whfi liMs no I Iwliii-li in.-iiiy ol' m.v j III Willi Ihc KVCHtl'.'.t I |tf;ll';llu-t' nl' |i)lliiriall I Klillliillt.' In lil\- tiiil [ li.ihlc. Tlimiirli not ■iiiK fiii'li iifsL-itiincp. liii- Hiiv of <|IIOllltioll siu-n his seat in the Cabinet. He was the only uii'niber ol' tlic Government who was not clcrt- cd. Messrs. Howe, Jones, and all the ieailiiiu' anti-Coalitionists — except Mr. .\nnand — were returned, and the Local Legislature was almost entirely anti-Union. In New Ibunswiek the result was almost as complete a victory I'or the Government as Nova Scotia was a defeat, lor there, twelve out of the lil'teeii members were returne(l ' ■• supporters of the Govermneni ; .so that the Maritime Provinces together sent thir- teen supporters and twenty-one cpponents of the Government to the first rarliament of the Dominion. Takina' the four rroviiices, it will be found that three of them pronounced most unmistakably in favor of confederation and the Coalition Government, while one was just as pronounced in its want of loniideiice in both. Leaviim' out Nova Scotia. I'our-iifths of the members elected from the other Provinces were supporters of the union who were, also, either sui)i) iiiinii Ciiliiiiot. for repeal w I'.'eh Hon. .losepli Howe sent up in behalf of misuuided Nova Scotia, did not alarm the premier, llesides. his eovernment had .secured a strong majority and the then approachinii' session of Parliament could be frauuht with no special dauuers tt> his policy. D was not louu' alter the elections lie- lore thellrst session of the Dominion Parliament was convened, but the short interim was by no means barren of results. — results which lo.'-t to Sir John one of the ablest of his miuister.s, — Hon. (now Sir) Alexander T. Gait, the Minister of F'inaiice. The chaniic in the Cabinet was caused by the failure ol the Comim>riial l!aiik, W'hich occurred on the 2i2nd of (>clober. We say the change was caused by the failure of this bank, and yet there was nothiim' in the circum- stances surroundiim' the laiiure, to which tlie change can be reasonably traced. During the last session of the tdd Parliament of Canada, a Currency Act was introduced by Mr. GaU, w ho was the Finance Minister, w Inch provided for the issuing by the Province of •$•">, 000,000 in legal tender notes, which were to be eirculated by the banks in litni of their own bills, ihey being allowed a commission of liv*; per cent, as an offset against the loss they would ofherwire sust'v!n by the withdrawal of their own notes. Ihe banks did not avail themselves of the privilege to any great extent, except the Bank of Montreal, whose President, Mr. King, managed j "IKK II li 11 i 1 1 Ti rii.iis iiis'nti.'v (M'liii: imimimon di" ('anai>.\. to cinulafi' a lal•^■o <|ii;mtily of the liox crniiu'iil iioti's, ri'a|)iini- a coricspoiuliim-ly lavuc i>iolit. Of ( otirsc iliis transaction had a (liiiiiauiiiL;' clii'ii u|iiPii tlic (iri'iilat'oii ol' oiIht l)aiilv.s and niav liavf n'sulli'' which was the Toronto GInbr, iindiTtook to throw tlic wliolc rcs|)onsil)iiiiy of tlic lailuvc upon llic ( 'nrrcncy Act, and nn\(h> hitter atlacks upon its autlior. chariiinii' him with lavorilisui to the Iiank of MuntreaL and (daimiii'j that ids whule iiscal poHcy was a laihiri . linhM' the pressiire of tlicse cliarii'cs Mr. (!ah resiijned his portfolio, for reasons whicli he suhseqnently explained in I'arliamcnt. It is not onr mission to criticize the charires nia(h' atiainst Mr. Cialt's Iiscal policy, hut Wi' cannot ri'frain from coiumeiidins' the course which the Finance Minister adopted. < >n ex- l>lainin!4' his action in Parliament he pleaded the neci'ssity of increased attention to his private allairs, and the unjust attack made u])- 011 him with refereme to the i.dluve nf the ('omiiierport of the I'pper ('aiuuhi nienihers. lie plediicd himself howe\ er to continue as a private ineinl)er, and await the develoi)mentsof time to justify his acts. While we now believe that time has fully exonerated Mr. Gait, the failure of the bank, was no doid)t, in some small measure, at least, precipitated by the advautaii'e taken of the liovernment notes by the Bank of ^lontreal. but this was not the prime cause of the failure. That was to be found in the reck- less mananement of the bank, which had been run, to a larii'c extent, in the interests of a few indi\iduals. Aside from this nearly one-half its capital had l)een invested or sunk in bonds of the Detroit and Milwaukee IJailroad, which were practically worthless, as they paid no in- terest, and AV'cre not convertible into money. As we shall see, Mr. trait was succeeded in the Finance department 1)\ Hon. (n<>\\ Sir) John liose, and the change, altiiouuh unattended by any well authenticated chartrcs from tiie oppo- sitinii, was the iirsi clue liiven to them iij)on wiiich lo assail the uov eriiiiient. -. His l']xccllency. Lord Mollck. the (luver- iior-( leiieral. upeiied the lirsi Dominion I'ar- liamcnt in iiersoii, on tin' seventh ,, , , , of Ni>vember, l.sdT. Mr. .los(>ph si..,k,r..i.i,..s..i,„tc Iv ("auchou was appointed Speaker of the Sen- ate. Tiiis liave rise lo considerable dissatisfac- tion, but of such a ciiMiicter as not to weaken the jiovernment. Mr. '. auihon had not Ikhmi a member of the Leuislativc Council, and was (uily elevated to the Senate to lill the vacancy caused by the apiiointnu'nt of Hon. (aftewards Sir) N. F. Helleau to the liieutenant-dovernor- ship of (Quebec; some of the other Senators, who had for many years |)revious been Leuis- lalive ("oiuu:illors, therefore felt somewhat sliiihtedat beinu' passed over, as it were, for so youm; a Senator: but Mr. Cauchon had been of ureat ser\ ice in the Province of (Quebec in atlvocatim;- Confederation, and his lireat per- sonal inlluence was, uiidoid)tedly, of much im- portance to the Union party, so the leaders of the government thonuht that his services shotild be recounized. and oli'ered him the Speakership of the Senate. The appointment was not a l)opular one. and even the Leader did not at- tempt to defend it on any other ground than that of necessity. In its issue of sixth of November, when announcing the appointment, it says: — "We do not pretend to say that the api)ointnient will give general satisfaction to the Senate. That it was in contemplation had for some time been known, and considerable objection to it was nnide. Mr. Caiichon was not previously a member of the Senate, and it is objected to that he is appointed Spiniker over the heads of old members of the Legislative Council at the very time he conies into the Sen- ate to lil! the vacancy created by the resigna- tion of Hon. Mr. 15elleaii, I ieuteuant-Crovernor of (Quebec. The anomaly is striking enough, no doubt, but it cannot be denied that Mr. Cauchon"s claims on the Administration, and ii<>\\ Sir) John unaitcii(l('(l l)v roiii I lie (i|>i)0- lo tlu'iii upon I'k. (lie (in\i'V- Jomiiiioii I'ar- Ciiiii'hoii a|t|>niiiii'>l I'v ol' tho Soii- l)Io (lissiitislac- iiot to wcakoii lad not hcon a iicil, and vva^ 11 the vacancy (Ml. (al'tcwai'ds ,ant-(r()vciiior- llior Senators, Ls hci'u Lcii'is- I'lt somewhat it were, lor so ihon had l)ot>ii ol' Quebec in li.s areat per- A' nuich im- he leaders of rvices should Speakership was not a T did not at- | "rouiul than ol" sixth ol' appointment, say that the iitislaclion to ; mplation had considerable 'auchon was 'enate, and it Si)eaker over Log'islalive into theyen- tlic resiii-na- nt-(rovernor inii' eiumgh, ied that Mr. stratioii, and Vi:i;NMKNT Ol" l,i»i;i» MoNCK isiiT^I'II.ST IVMII.IAMKNT. i:> we may say on thi- lountry, wow paramount. In the districi ol' (^)ueber, he i^ Ity lar the stronu'est inu<'bec. alter Mr. ( 'artier, he w iejd.s tlie lari;e>l measure n\' popular power. At syreat sicrilice nl personal I'eelinii. he took a prominent jiarlin llie pn|)ular advocacy ot'Con- I'edcration ; and il is srareely too much to say that ir he had not made that sacrifice, the dis- trict oi (^iiebee would have a very dill'erent verdict on this (|Ue.^tion. \\ ithout o\ frratiiiu' the inllueii. e ol' an individual, il ma\ well l)e doul)ie(l wheilier tiie riovini-e ol' Quebec Would have u'iven more than a verv feeble majority in fav lllirniii).' 1.1 llic , . . •' iir.-t i'cMMiiii..ri til. 11 a iiassmii' notice. At two o clock on the 7th of Xovember. a (|Uorum of the Senate beini'' a.sseiiibled, the clerk read th" proclamation of His Excellency the (loveriior-lieneral. summoning the Hon. ^Ir. Cauchon lo the Senate, ;\nf\ apixdntiny him to its ])resideiicy. Mr. Cauchon at once an- nounced that His J'A-cellency's pleasun> had been communicated to him. T!ien, ihc mace, a relic of old formalities, was borne to the foot of the table, at which the l-lxceljeiicy Lord Moiick eiilcied in militarv t-osiiime. al- tended l)y a brilliaiii sialf, in seariei coal>, while feathers, gold lace and decoralii>iis, and pro- ceeded to take his seal on the 'I'liroiie. The I'sher of tin- HIa<-k Rod was desired to |irocced to tln^ Commons, and retjuest the immediate attendame of that House. In two or three minutes the Commoners poured in. headed by their clerk and the lion. Messrs. Howlaiid and dirtier. His ICxci-lIency remarked iliai he was surprised that the Commons jiad iiol elecieil a Speaker, and in set phrase command, d tliem to do so, ar 'o reappear at the bar of llie .Si.uMte on the followinn- day at thre(> o'clo' k. Subse- j (juently the task of eleetiny- a Si)eaker was ; undertaken in ilie Houm' of ( 'oiiniioiis. .-^ir John A. Macdoiiald proposed, and Sir (ieorye E. Carlier seconded the appoinimeiil of the Hon. James Cockburn. member for West \or- thumlxM-land, who had b.-eii solicitoi-di.uend lor I'pper Canada in the old J'arliaiiieiil. No other nomination was made, and Mr. Cockburn was elected by acclaniatioii. ( tn ihi' I'ollowiii!.;- day, at three o'clock, the ( !ov crnoi--* ieiieral de- livered the formal opening Speech I'loiu the Throne.* The speech, after coimralulating the •The r.illi.wiiiK i> llie lull uvxl ii! ll.i.' Siievi-li : //<(). . 1,'nilh nil 11 './ Ilir S. iiat. — li'inlli'W II nf ihf ilniiif iif f',,uitii'ittii~ In ni|ilrc. HISTORY oF TIIK DOMIXION' OF CANADA. Houses on the consxinimatioii ol' (l(Malii)n. stiitod thiit measures for cavryinu' tlie siuue into practicjil elfeol would he submitted : these wouhl iuchide Acts reiiuhitimj' and assimilalinii' the curi'eney, taiilK exeise and postiil hiws of the Provinees : Acts I'ov veg'ulatinu' and oon- trollini:' tlie jmhHc works and proiuM'ty ol' tlie Dominion ; the manas^'eirienl ol' tlie militia : care ol' the Indians: issu', 'x olpattMits, and the natiu'alizatiou of foreigners, liills would also lie su1)mitted for the assimilation of the ('rimin:il laws of the dilU'iviit rrovinces. as well as the laws relatinii' to bankruptcy and insolvency ; as well as an election law and one relatinu' to I'ar- liamentary privilei>-es. Special reference was made to the Intercolonial luiihvay. the buildiuL:- of Avhich \vas one of th" stipulations of confed- eration, and an Act prcc lised with regard to it. as well as others with r.'iereiice to the extension of Western teri'ilo;v, and the care and develop- ment of the lisherics and nuirine interests. Altogether the speech foreshadowed a lariie amount of nec(\ssary leu'islation. Avhich would 1)0 (piite eiioutih to kceji the House busily employed for sonic time to come. 4. — On the retirement ol the C'toin nl' (lovonniH'iit wliicli it bus oiillrit into i'.\is(c?i''o. (tl i'i>i)so1iiliitiiiR it> io^lii utintis, Iiiiriiioiiiziti; i's jii(iiuni>initivc (U't;uls,;iii(l I of inakiim siicji luuisjulivc prov isi.ni> ;is \ iinil,ition of the liiw? now t'xi.i ninl ilotLMwe ; for tlic ]0'o]>i>r loltnitiislriition of Iniliiin 1 iilViiii's : for tin.' inlrmlni'tioii of nniforni Inws rcfinilinu iiiitont.^^ of irn I'li- tioii in 1(1 tli>f.\ ci y : tho iKiIiinili/iitioM of .-ilioiis : iinil tlo' ;i< of ibo rnion Act. of innnoli- iilcly I'onslrMilinii tbo Inli'rcobmi.il Uiiilwiiy. 'fliis irreiit \V(n-k will loM II pnifliojil mill phy.-ii'iil foiinoi'tioii tti tho lrKi,'-liili\ o IjoihI wliifh now nnili's llir I'rovinre." niiiipri>iiiK tlio lloM.inioii ; iiiiil tbo libonilily willi wliii'li III" uniiriinti'c for llio i*o.-y tlui Iin- j pcriiil I'lirliiiiiioiil is II now proof of tbt; lii'iirly iiiloro-l felt by the llrilisb people in \oiir prosperity. Voiir I'oii^i.li'i-iKion will iilso be in\ile.l to the iin|ior(iiiit snbjei-t of Wcflcrn terril'iriiil evtvnsinn. jtiol voin- iittentinii will be ealli'-l tn tlie best ineiins lor tlie lOnleetion iiimI ilevelopnielil of our li-lieiies ami niiirine iiiteresi.s. Von will also be iiskcil to eonsitler ineii.siires ileliniiiK (lie pri\ ilexes ol ParliiiniiMit, fiiiil for llie e^tiiblishment of tiniforiii laws reliitiiiK to elee- liuiix. luid tliu trial of euiitenletl elecllunx. busiu(\ss was tran.sacted, when i,,,],,,,,, „„ n,,. Mr. Dorioii inquired of the liov- ■•^'''''■''"'• erninent in reiyard to rumored Cabinet chaiiu-es. This iirouffht Sir John to his feet, when he ex- plainiMl that Hon. Mr. Archibald, Secretary of State for the Provinces, havinii- failed to seciuv his seat in the House, had tendered his resijiiia- lion. which had ))een accepted, and that he held ollice only until his successor was appointed; also the lion. Mr. (ialt. Minister of Finance, had tendered his resiiiuation, and held his portfolio only on the same terms. The address in reply to the spiM'ch from the Throne was moved in the IIou.se of Commons, on the eighth, by Mr. Fisher (X.B.), seconded by Mr. Desauluiers. and the debate on the adoption was continued until the lifteenth. when it was carried without a div'sioii or an amendment, the whole deliate on the subject partakinu' more of the character of personal explanations than of criticism of the proposed course of the ministry. The first lirtind feature was the onslaught of Hon. Joseph Howe, and the terse reply of the Hon. Dr. Tupjier. (ireat interest was manifested in the course \\ liich Mr. Howe would ])Uisue. for it was pretty well understood that his action would be sustained by his anti-ton/z't/CA' from The eireiini.s|anee,< under wliieli the Aet of I'liioii eaine Into upeialion ri'iiilereil it iiiipossible lo obtain the as.ient of the l.ei-'islatnre to the e.\- ] penditiire neeejisary bn* ttie ordinarv- earr.\ iiig on of the bii.sino.".'* of the j (ioveriiMient. 'I'he CNpeiiditnre since the lirst ol .In'y ba.i llnri'bire been earried on on the resiMoisibilit.v of tho .Ministers of ilie Crown. The de- tails of that e.xiM'iiditiire will be laid before yon and submitted lor your sanelion. 1 hare direeted that estimates bo- the enrreiit and KiieeeediiiK liiiain'ial ye.ir shall be laid bebire yon ; yon will lind that tlie,\ liaM' been framed with all the attention to eeonoiny which is eninpiilible wiib the miiiiileii mice of elfn-ieiicy in the dill'erenl branehes of llie pnlilie -erv ice. //'vs. 't. whoii he ox- il, Socvftary ol' ail(>(l 1o soiiiro red his n'si<>iiii- :■';-'-': nd (hat he lidd ras apjioiiUi'd ; ol' Fiuaiito, liad d his porU'olio ddross ill rt'ply >'-;, was inovi'd in eighth, by Mr. esauhiiev.s. and ontiiiu>'d until ii'd without a hole (Ichatc on ■■■■>; ic character ol' ritici.sin ol" the ry. The ilrsi a' of Hon. Joseph .■■"'>' the Jlon. Dr. ;v|; nil'ested in the -$ imr.sue. I'ur it hat his arlioi'i ■ V/V: •confn'ues rrtun 'A f:lIIU' illtii n|n'l':lhtih l.i'i-'i'^lnliiri' t" till' c.v- »1' the husiiio.^s nf tlu' : :'y hiLs lliiicI'Dri' lici'ii iIk' rniwii. The cli'- d sitijiiiittud for \oiir ll PIIOOCI'llillK lilMIIII'illl ' (■> Imvi' liceii IViinii'il ililr Willi llir iniiiiilc'ij ilit' >*'l\ ii-u. iliiiilcirs .'iikI iiiillli.'i (I llic nh"li' Miliiiitci'i' ' nilily iiri(l;iril liiirvc-l wiili ■>". tiiiil tin till' {.'I'ru'rnI l>\ lln' ttiiiriil siipimrl, iilici I'oiiiilr.v. Williin ■M\A 1 IVrvi'iilly |iniy I .'Ml'l [mlrinlir nlt,((M'(.i. 1 IMill'lMlinll ami \vi.«- I mt'll w lllrll llll.* llCH'll ] tiiiil II h'l'sli sliu'ting ll'lll n| till' IMMiplf nf (iOVHKNMKXT Ol" LORD MONCK -ISO?— FJT?ST PARLiAMKXT. Nova Scotia. AVher th(> lirst i>arajrrai)h of the addri'ss Irom the Throne was \n\i to the House, it Itrouii'hl the great orator to his feet, but lie was niueh more moderate than had been ex- pected, and while attacking the manner in which Nova .S<'Otia had been biouLiht into the Inion. disclaimed any intention of acliny as leader of the Opposition, or of oll'ering any I'aciious opposition to the (Jovermneiit. As this spcecli may be regarded the text of Nova Scotia's opposition to confederation, we give a condensed syiiO|)sis of it in this place. ."), y[v. Howe began by remarkiiiii- that some friends had assigned hiiu the position of leader S|, I, „, ||,,„, of the Opposition, which he could .in-i.|.i. ii..«,.. „^^j accept. The question, he said, of supportinii' or opposinii' the present (rovcrn- meiit did not enter into any of the political con- tests in Nova Scotia, and this bcini;' the cas.'. anil holdiim- the opinion lie did in reference to Conlederation. he thought it better to take his seat in the body of the House as an independent nieniber. No gentleman from Nova Scotia came pledged, in any way, to one political party of Canada. Still, if good measures were brouu'ht up. he would support them, come from what soun e they might, and if bad, he would oi)pose them. His honorable friend from York (Mr. Fisher) had predicted a reign of peace and har- mony among politicians, but he was afraid he would be sadly disapixunted. Confederation had not the merit of proclaiming peace upon earth and good-will among the men of Canada. Iveferriiiii' to the Intercolonial liailroad. he si to the manner in which the .Act had ]>assed the Imperial Parliament, and averred that in the I louse of Lords of more than four hundred, there were never more than lil'ty while Confederation was under discu.ssion, and when the Act jiassed J I its third readinu', there were only ten memb(>rs \ m the JLcuise of Lords. It had been repn'seiited to the Imi'erial Parliament that the people of j Xova Scotia were in favor of Union, while every \ man in that country knew that statement to be a deliberate fal.sehood. The bill might have been [1 submitted to the people of Nova Scotia, and still I there would have been time to jiass it the same j session. His Excellency spoke of a lunv nation- I ality extending from the Atlantic to the Pauilic, . he (Mr. Howe) could only say (hat he saw in the Union a source of weakness, a want of the ' material that was absolutely indispensable in a Lireat nation. "Who is to protect the commercial interests of this nation :" He came from a country : that has 4()0,()U0 tons of shipping. This ,\ci had relieved the Imperial Government of the respon- sibility of defending the western countries. How are we to assume that responsibility :" The United States have oiieiied up the country on their side of the line, whilst 'Jreat Ibitaiii has' allowed the Red River country and Jiritish Columbia to take care of itself and what is the result '. Out of Minnesota could go men enough ' in a week to cut Canada off from the Red River country. Let her do the best she could, tin- IHisition of Hritish Columbia, with Russian America on the north and California on the i that whether the words attributed to Mr. M; e said j south, rendered it doubtful to his mind if I'.ritai n ic- w ,-itl 1 at dmmall at the Toronto Convention were hi her power could hold that counlrv not, the fact remained that the Irovernment had i held that ( s or against a hostile army of the United Sta that railway in their hands; thoy had tl aiiada was not so les. He thickly settled that lienditure of iifteen millions, and 1 le ex- ; we need bo in a hurry to extend our borders. mistook their chara.ter if they could not le very much There is room enough in Canada for fifty millions with this power in their hands maintain thcm.selyes It of ix'ople, and in the jjower Provinces l'(U' t ell imes their i)reseiit population. He repudiated in olUce for the next ten years. Relerriim- (o the | the -ry that tho.se who had oppo.sed Conl'edera opening paragraph of His Excellency's speed he .said the people of Nova Scotia could not join ' any i tioii were disjovai. and clainie( to I )e as !o\al as in the conoTatulations of His I'^xcell would read his speech with tion and not with congratulations, lb iiember of the ( ioyeniinent. DuriiiL;' the eiicy. They Ihirly-live years of his jiublic life, he dejied any man to point out a sinuie act of his indicative of sorrow and humilii referred ,| a disloyal spirit. His I'^x.ellency had referred (h ii ■IS TrTTMrs HISTORY OK THK DOMINION OF CANADA. to ill.' Liviii'vnns miiiiiKT ill uhich tlic Imperial I'iirliiiiiiciit had allowed the propUi to deal with tho dctiiils nl' ('i)iir,'dciation. He (Mr. Hoavc) dciiii'd that any such privilcsi-i- was allowed. It did not rvi'ii l;ii hi'lnvi- the Lcn'i.^^lature ol Nova Scotia. The only chance the people of Nova Scotia had ol' cxjirc^siim' iheir hanks. l)ut uave it no exclusive power. Since the lirst of July, a restless feeling had u'one abroad amonu' tin' jieople there that somelhiiiL;' was to be done which would limit the cirnt. lie referred to the (juestiou of revenue to iiuiinlaiii the dieniiy of Ihe Dominion, to the staiidiiiii' army that is i>roiiiised, to the navy that we must li!i\e. 'I'axal ion must be increased ; all the revenues (,[' this Province wi>re to be taken npliv the (leiieial (lovernment, and all they get back was ciuht y cents ah(>ad, the price of a Nova Scotiau as well as the price of a sheepskin. He went oil to refer lo the postal system, noticing the iieiiotialioiis of Messrs. Lal'onlaine and Merrilt. which resulted in the free intenhange of \arioiis prodiir whicli ig- to the c'lansi' iny torcsonrccs as many men vtM't' told there i/atioii, hi' only vc. Hr would )n, but re ports d caused some •y man in this lie Imped lUi idopted. Who e was only one that the whole Conledoration aci'ainst that Hairs i>roperly. nds with our was what we itia had never dly accoptalile 1 he dune, ie' |iig to the next ■ed his heliel lii' their minds sdl' a separate lev were i\i-n nd won hi not 1 thought some ■ard to eoniro- )lh( r i)assau'( 111 ((inclusion lii'e hail lii'eii ake it highly IScdtia, a tree ii's eo aiH ndiK 1 regretted Mid represen- :*' ■^.' k.) ^- *f^. ^; 'H^«iW.. JJUl '. > III -spy.u fiomfit .' of dolUr .^'r\' "Why. on up .■ ■ :■ ■.■lll.H''M ■ .jlia 'h iji H that oi ■ hi ion wiis * ^>,» anut-a. II, ' Tho- 11 1 r ' i 1 ■{•- .1. .< •>» •ik. li a iN ■ ;-.n 1 Iv-, l**"* M '1 1 1 (iOVEFJNAfKNT OP' f.ORD MCNX'K—lsdT— FIRST PAinJA.MKNT. 4!) made to-niffht. As the debate went on, he would move a short amendment expressing regret that this measure had not been submitted to the people of Nova Seotia. He knew that the decisicni on this question was a foregone con- clusion ; he knew that he stood here powerless to do more than express the sentiments he entertained. 6. — Ii was only in harmony with every ex- peitation that Mr. Howe was followed by his (J , ,. great opponent the Hon. Dr. """• ^'•- ■^'' '■'•■ Charles Tupper, who had fought him thouii'hout tiic whole battle for confedera- tion in Nova Scotia, and who had won a victory iinder u)any disadvantages. We give also a brief summary of Dr. Tuppei's reply. He felt that if North America assumed its proper posi- tion among nations, it could only be by uniting these Provinces. In looking at commercial in- terests, every man must have felt that the Union was only meant for promoting the pros- perity of the Provinces. He referred to the ad- vantages which he believed would result from the Intercolonial Kailway, and noticed the valuable mineral deposits with which Nova Scotia abounded. These were comparatively valueless heretofore, and could never have been developed by the unaided maritime population. If Nova Scotia was ever to advance and obtain advantages of free trade, it could only be by union with other Provinces, and what had not free trade done for other countries. Look what it had done even between Upper and Lower Canada I His honorable friend had said truly that the true source of strength of British America must consist in attracting emiii-ration. Confederation would be the means of eliectinff this. He was prepared to admit that his honor- able friend Howe had thoroughly swept the polls, but it was no new thing to hear of a sud- den change of opinion amoiiir the people of Nova Scotia. They might easily imagine the eiieul his honorable friend's eloquence would have travelling through the country telling the people that their sons were to be dragged from iheir fireside, and that taxes were to ])e levied on them. Had Nova Scotia remained as she was. they would either have had to greatly re- du<'e their expenditure, or else raise their taviif. Dut they had been accustomed to these chan<>es in Nova Scotia. His honorable friend had once before found himself thoroughly defeated, and went on to refer to some of the causes which he believed had contributed to his large majority on this occasion. He felt that he need not in that asseml)ly defeiul the manner in which his measure had been carri(>d. Pitt and Peel had declared in language eloquent and emphatic that the most dangerous precedent to establish would be to say that Parliament was not fully competent to deal with any (juestion on behalf of the people. Nova Scotia happened to W the only Province in which Parliament had an ojiportunity of passinu' on this measure, and it obtained a two-thirds vote. Not one half of the votes at the polls in Nova Scotia had been given to his honorable friend and his supporters, and moreover, his election had taken place under a new franchise created by himself (Howe), and never put in operation before. He denied that the issue of confederation was put to the people at the polls. He asked how his honorable friend could reconcile his present coi;rse with his declaration in Nova Scotia that he would, if elected, give the Union a fair trial. The mem- ber for Guysboro' did the same, and was elected on that manly stand, while Mr. Annand, the only man who declared his intentions of oppos- ing the Union, was defeated. The moral power which Union had given us rendered army and navy necessary. He believed ,ve had lost the Reciprocity Treaty in conseq^uence of the iso- lated position of the Provinces leading the States to believe they could dictate any terms they chose Pie referred to some of Mr. Howe's former utterances, quoting speeches by that gentleman to prove his i)iconsisten< y in oppos- ing Union. In regard to Mr. Howe's complaints as to being charged with disloyalty, he saiil the Queen's name had never been ajipealed to against the anti-Unionists except in a constitu- tional manner. Far be it from him (Tupper) to charge any man with disloyalty, but il' chara-es had been nuule in Nova Scotia, it was in rela- .! ! '■"% l*il no Tl'TTLK'S IFISTOIIY Ol' TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. tioii to the aciusation that the Union i)aity woiv traitors. IT Mr. Howe and his Iriends were not disloyal, it was at any rate triio that thcro was not Fenian or annexationist in tlic P ovince who did not sympattiize and act heartily with them. He then critieised other ol)jections raised by Mr. Howe to the speech from the Throne, and endeavored to show they were, in each particu- lar, weak and unrounded. 7. — Alter the adoption of the Address, a hill was passed fixijii^ the indemnity of members, iniieiiinit.v T^B Salaries of the Speakers of ,.f „„.„,i,>.r.. ^Ylo two Houses were fixed at $;5,000 per annum each, and the pay of mem- bers at six dollars per day for a session of not less than thirty days, witli ten cents per mile mileage: or six hundred dollars for the session should it exceed thirty days, with same allow- aui'e for mileage. The ])ill was opjwsed by Messrs. r>lake, ^la'kenzie, Holton and others, who advocated a per diem allowance without rei2ard to the duration of the session ; Mr. Blake remarking- *hat he could see no reason why mei.ibers should receive o)u^ hundred and eighty dollars for a session of thirty days, and six hundred dollars for a session of thirty-one d^y^. Exception was also taken to the bill on the ground that it would tend to induce mem- bers to draw t)ut the session at its commeiuc- ment until thirty days had expiuid, and then to hurry through the remainder of the session, as they would feel as if they were remaining at the seat of (iovernment at their own expense after they had becinne entitled to their full ses- sional aliuwance. The bill was, however, passed without ameiulment. 8. — Dual representation came forward for the early attention of Parliament, and Mr David Mills introduced a bill disquali- meinbers of the Local roin holding seats in the House of (.'ommons. The bill, howe^ er, was withdrawn, and it was not until many years after that dual representation, which came into existence with confederation, was abolished. The Hritish North America Act .said nothing with regard to members of the Ijocal Dual Hcpre'-oiitiiiimi. ,. . liiilci.cM.li'i.fc lyillra lit' I'jirliiiint'Mi . T ■ 1 LfcSi'islatures Houses beinii- ineligible for seats in the House of Commons of the Dominion, and many mem- bers of the old Parliament of Canada were elected to the local Hoiises of Quebec and Ontario, as well as to the House of Commons — two of the most notable instances being Hon. George E. Cartier and Mr. Edward Blake. Dual representation never existed in the Maritime Provinces, local Acts being pas.sed preventing it. One plea for thi". doial)le representation was that all the experienced members of the old Parliament who could secure re-election would prefer the Hou.se of Commons to the more limiti'd sphere of the Local Houses, aiul thai the latter I)odies would be destitute of i'Xi)erienced men, and their business correspondingly (h'layed. But this argument could be only of a temporary nature, and the contention of the Opposition that dual representation gave undue inlluence to the (Iovernment of the day by having its members in the Local Houses as well as in the House ol Commons, gains much \.>ight from the fact that althouuh the evils of the system were pointed out during the elections, and a bill introduced within two weeks after the opening of the first Parliament, it was seven years before dual representation was al)olished, and then only after the J^iberal party had come into j)ower. Bearing on the same subject was a question of privilege raised by ^Ir. Holton that members of the House of Com- mons were guilty of a breach of the Independ- ence of Parliament Act by becoming members of the Local Governments, for which they received remuneration This subject was refer- red to the Committee on Privileges and Elections, which decided that, as the Local Ministers were paid by the Local and not the General Govern- ment, no breach of privilege was committed ; and members of the Local Governments con- tinued to occupy seats in the House of Commons until the abolition of dual representation. \ !'. — The Government had i)lanned to divide the first session of the Dominion Parliament into two parts, taking a recess d,, . i.j ., ,., Till' fir.^r iniri 111 tlic uring the liolidays, and until hm s.wHii.n- March, in which to prepare and ' " '■ ■ ill the House [ many mi'ra- 'a Hilda were Quebec and f Commons — i s beinn' Hon. ; Blake. Dual | the Maritime \ [ireventiiifif it. ' entation was f.s oi' the old ection would to the more , and that the i' experienred irespondingly d be only ol' a I'lition ol' the n gave undue the day by f.ouses as well muchxnisrht evils of the the elections, weeks after [nent, it was ntation was liberal party on the same ge raised by ouse of Com- ic liidepend- ng members which they ct was refer- iid Elections, nisters were leral Govern- committed ; nments con- of Commons ntation. ed to divide rarliameni he lirsi purl nl the >Kisl!!titiii. (iOVKHX.MKNT OF J.ORD MoXCK—1 HOT— FIRST PARIJAMF.NT. 51 elaborate its most important measures. In pur- suance of this plan, rarliameiit adjourned on the 2Ist of De.vuiber until tli.- 12lh ol March, 186H, but not until sullicient business had been transacted to jnovide lor the new order of things. A supply bill was pas.sed graiitinn' $5,204,271' generally for the service of the (joveniiueni from 1st July, 1St;7, to JHst March, 1808, and aulhi.rizijig the Governor in Council lo issue .si;v per cent. stlaced under the control of the Postmaster-General at Ottawa, who was aiven large powers for the general maiiati'ement of his department, the establishment of mail roixtes, fixing rates of i)ostage with other I'oun- tries, iVc. The entire systems of the Provinces were assimilated, and a uniforiii rate of three cents to any part of the Dominion established. Postaii'c on weekly newspapers was fixed at five cents per ([uarter, payable in advance by either the publisher or subscriber, and tbirtv cents for dailies. Transient papers were charged one cent each if m.iiled l)y the pub- lisher or subscriber, and two cents if by any Pi! 'ft Ij' III ii ; i n i ] 1 1 I hL TinTIJ'.S IllsroI.'V ol'I'IIK DOMINION- Ol' (A NA l>.\. other person. The bill, as oriiiinally (Init'led, required i>iiynient on newspjipers to be made in advance by the publisher, l>ut an eil'ort beiny Jnade, while the bill was under discussion, to have ail newspapers pass Tree, and it beii.u' represented that the enloreenient of paynu-nt in advance would press very heavily on (he smaller publishers, a compromise was arrived at by reducing the rate to a minimum, and allowing' the numnor oJ payment to remain as it had been in the Province of Canada. Postage to dreat Britain remained at twelve and a hall cents, but that to the United States was, shortlv aftor the i)assage of the bill, reduced from ten to six cents, so that the era of cheap i)ostage may be said to have been fairly inaua'urated with the new Dominion. " But the most im- portant feature of the new bill was the provision made in it lor the establishment of Post Olhce Savings Banks, where sums of one dollar and upwards could be deposited, the depositor being allowed four per cent, on ordinary dcjiosits, which could be withnience and safety afforded them by dejiositing fieely, so that at the expiraiidn of the lirst six month.-;, r'O-'I offices had been opened, and 8-'''>tJ,278.'27 remained on depo,sit, |2H»,1HI7.!)7 being at four i)er cent., and $130,80(1.00 at five. An attempt was made, whil>' the Postal Bill was in progress throuah the Housi\ to ha\ e the telegraph service amal- gamated with tb" postal serviosed inOreat Britain : but it was not thought advisable to attemi>l the undertaking, and the tele<>Taph service of Canada is now so comi)lete, and the charges so modera(e, that it is extremely doubt- ful whether it could be performed any lietter or cheai>er if it did form part of the Post OfUce sys(em. Anodier subject which received some attention was the abolition of the carriers' fee of two cents for delivering letters, and substi- tuting a free delivery ; but the financial con- dition of the country was not snnh just then as to warrant taking the risk of tti-^ additional expense, and it w as some years later before the free delivery sy.stem was introduced. A propo- sition was al.so made to extend the money order system to the United Slates, but the un.settled condition ol lixO money market in that coiuitry at this time, added to other reasons, caiised a ' postjKniement of the consideration of the scheme, and it was not iiitil August, ls7:>, that arrangeuH'uts were jx ifected and went into operation for an ey nange of money orders betwi'cn the Post Oflices of C'amida and tl^e United States. The money order system was established in the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec on the first of February, 185"), in Nova Scotia on the first of July. I8r)!i, aiul in New Brunswick on the first of November, 1803, and some idea of the rapid growth of the system may be gathered from the facts that daring the year 18(!(J there were (i(j,412 orders for a total amount of $2,30i),203.(J3 issued in the foixr Pro- viiu'cs. and .')4.048 orders for a total amount of $2.140,1!I5.7.") paid. 11. — Fortunately for the country, the British North American Act provided for the construc- tion of the Intercolonial Railway, i,,,,,,.,.,,!,,,,].,! i(.,||. and a bill w as accordingly pas.sed ■■'""'• in the first part of the .session, making provi- sions accordingly. It provided for the building of the road from liiver du I.,oup to Truro by four commissioners, to be ajipointed by the (lovernor-Cieneral, who was also to appoint the Chief Eimineer. The guage of the road was fixed at 5 ft. (i in. on such grades, in such man- ner, in sucli i)laces, with such material and on such specilicadons as the (lovernor in Council might deti'rmine. The powers of the Minister of Public Works and of a Railway Company were given to the Commissioners with regard to sur- veys, taking lands, &c. All tenders to be adver- tised, and no contract for over sj; 10,000 to hr granted without the consent of the Governor in Council, who also fixed the remuneration of the Commissioners and the Chief I'^ngiiu'cr, and to whose approval all other pay was subjt'ct. The Act provided for the issue of bonds to the extent 1 just then as h" additional Icr bi'loro ihe lhI. a propo- ' muiiey order the uu.st'ttled I that country ons, caused a at ion oi' the list, 1^7:!, that id went into money orders lada and the r system was Ontario and 1S5'), in Nova , and in New ber, 18ti3. and ol" the system lat durinii' the 'rs for a total the lour Pro- ^)tal amount of ', ,', the 15ritish the eunstrue- i.i. .liMli.'ll i^Im- TIIK NOIM'II WKST. of £8.000,000 sterliiui'.iux'.er Imperial guaranteo. at four per rent., and also of bonds of tiie Dominion of Canada — without guarantee — for any sum, not exceedinii' fl.OoO.OOO sterling, which may be necessary to complete the road. A sinking fund of one per cent, was provided f(n-, and the Consolidated Revenue Fund charged with th" ne( essary funds. There was consider- able opi)osition lo the passage of the bill in the House, the principal ground being that no route v.as specilied, and Mr. Dorion moved an amend- ment that the route should not be determined on without the consent of Parliament. Sir John A. Macdonald ex[)laiiied that the Imperial guar- anty' of t-"!, 000,000 was ol)tained on the express stipulation that the route should be selected l>y the Home authorities, who would decide on the relative merits of the two proposed routes, the Northern, or Major Kobiiison's route, and the Southern, or Sandford Fleming's route. After considerable discussion a vote was taken on Mr. Dorion's amendment, and resulted in its rejection by a vote of 35 for to Sij against.* 12. — It would be tedious to give an account of each measure i>assed during the first part of the .session, hence we will enu- merate only a i'vw more of the important measures. These were, a bill estab- li-ihingthe dipartment of Public Works, delining the duties, &c.. of the Minister of Public W'orks ; an Act respecting Panks ; an Act in respect to the punishment of aggressions from subjects of * .\s (Ilis VI. (i- iim.v liL' tiikeii a.-^ Ji pretty tiiir itidicatittii nf tliu roliitivf struriiftli 111' llii? (iu\i'rniiRMit aiMl 0pi»u..wiiian.Cln'\al.Ciiiim'll. CiMipal. Crcicike. llciriiai, Kislicp Knrlii'r, I lintlViuii, llullnn. Ki'iiL|it, Kici/- kmv.-ki. .\l,-l-'arl.im-. .\lai'ki'n/.ic. .Macill, .M.'l.auliliii. .Mills .\I..rri.-nii (Vic'liiria). oliviT, I'arkcr. liay. Hi'iUdnt. Uyiiial, Savary. Sprnat. Siirton. .Sylvaiii,Thiiiii|i.L'>autiiuT.'', Itnliliii'. |)ri:\v. OiilVcsiu', Forgnsiin. FciTi.-J, K*irli?i, (lath'iu'r, liatklot, tMMuiron, l)H, (iratit. (ira.\". (ii-nver. Ilarrismi, limit, IIiii'iliiii, .fiii'ksiiii. .riiliiisun, .liiiu-s (I.i'cil.-i ami Ori'inilk'). Kerlei'. iurk- luilrirk. I.aiii-'cvin. l.-iiniiii. l.iltli'. .Mi-linnalil (ilii'iicany), Mai'ilmialil (KiiiK^tiiii). .Mai'iliiiialil (.Mi'l.lIi'H'x). Mas^iin (Siiiilaiit-es). .^las.-^nii CI'iti-c- j liiuiiii-). .Mi'Callum. .Mi'l'aitliy, .^ral■ll■lll^'all. .Mclii'c. Mi lirci'vy, .McMillan I IHcstiiriaifhi'l. .Mi-.\!illan ( Vaudri'iiil). .Mnrri.i. ,M.iniy..ii {.\i.-ii;ara), Muin-ii. IViTv. I'in.iiiiiiifaiill. I'lipo. I'liuliiit, Pii.-im-, Uankni. Ki'iiaml. Ituliitaillc, I lliisi'. l{os.< (Diinila.i), Hiis.i (I'riiiof ivlivanl). Sinninl. Siiiipsnn, Sli'Vi'n.osei) hy Mij. Hoi/roN. The Kesolitions adoi'ted. 1. — As bi'loio slattul, the lirst pari of the llrst session ol the lirst Doniiiiioii I'liriiainciit ciirac to a I'losf on tlu' 21st ol' Dcci'iuht-r. iht' majority ol I hi- incnihors Wi'ri' ill favor ol a long rceess, so that the Gov- onnntMit might have sulRcit'iit timi' to i)r('i)art.' its moasiiri's, and the Local Houses bu i'nal>led to got tinough tlit'ir sessions hofori' rarliamcnt met again. The lirst half of the session was eminently satisfactory, and showed a vast iin- provemont on the old state of tilings which existed in Canada l)efore the Coalition Govern- ment of 18il4. The (Jovernineut was assured of a large majority, but showed no disi)osition to wse its power arl)itrarily ; the measures intro- duced were, for the most part, .sound ones and suited to the needs of the country ; the Opposi- tion displayed no .signs ol faetiousness, and the meml)ers from whom most trouble wa.s aiitici- l)ated (tho,se from Nova Scotia) seemed dispo.sed to accept the inevital)le with as good a grace as possible, to be moderate ui their opjKjsitiou and to allow the Government a fair chanc*' to develop its policy and show what it proposed to do for the general good of the country. The Opposi- tion, although numerically weak and powerless to seriously hinder the Government, was already beginning to show some signs of organization, and from this session we may date the forma- tion of the Reform and Conservative parties as they exist to-day. 2. — One of the most important features of the part of the session already partially reviewed, •111.. x.,rti,-\\\>tivr- ■^^'"•'^ ♦^^' introduction by the Hon. ■• '^-''■' '"'""••"• William Macdougall of a series of resolutions, on which an address was pre- pared to Her Majesty with regard to the North- West Territories.* As this vast country, con- * Tlicsi' rc'siil 111 i"n.< were luiscilnii ilir ll'llli Sfflimi iilihe Hrilisli Nurtli .■\iiierkii Act «( IsiiV, nliiili iiruviJcil Inr ilii' aihiiis. f..llnw-:— 1. That il-wuiiM iinMii'iii' Ihi' pro'in'rity i.l' Ihi' Caiuhliaii iicopli- ami cniiiliK'i' tn till' a'"rthi'Hlii>lu Kln|iiH lit' the I»riti..
  • iir.>e ilirnn^'h the Itriti.^h |iii''se..^>iiin..' in .Xtiierii-a t'l-uin the ;Vll:Mllii' til the I'ai-itie, are alike ile|ieiiileiit ll|iiin the estahli..t 'I'erritdrie,-. .'). Thai the welfare iif the sparsest wiilely se.iiii reil |iii|iiilaliiiniif liritish subjeel.siit Kiiruiieaiijiri^'in, alreinly inlialiifiin.' these reunite ami nmir- ^ani/.eil lerritiiries, wmilil lie tiiaterialt> eiiham-eil hy the riiriiiatinn therein lit' iiolitieal iiistitutiiinsi heariiit? aiialn^y, us I'ar as eiremnstaiices will admit, to thiisi; whieli exist in the se\eral I'mviiiees nllliis Ifiiiiiiiiinn. 1. That the llilth seeliim 111' the liritish .Nnrtli Ameriea Aet.lsi;?, |.ni- viiles I'lir the ailmissiiin 111' Kn|iert's Ijiml ami the .Nurth-West 'I'erritiiry, ur either nt' them, intu I'lii'in with t'anaila iipnn terms ami ennilitiuns to he expresseil in adilresses t'rimi the H-.n-es ul I'arliaMietil nl'iliis l)(iiiunii>n tn Iter .Majesty, ami whieh shall he aiipruM-il ul' hy the (Jiieeii in Ciuineit. 'i. That it is aeeiiriliiiKly expeilieiii to aihlress Her .Majesty, that she wuulil he jrraeiiiusl,\- pleased, hy ami with adviee nl' her .Must lliinnrahle rri\y Ciiuneil, tn unite Knpert's l.anil and the .\nrtli-\\'est Territnry with the llninininii nl' Cauada, and tn ):rant tj the Parliament nl' Canada atilhiirity lu let^islate I'nr their future welfare ami Knod tfiiverniueiit, li. That ill the event nf the Imperial (inveniinent iiijreeiiii,' In transfer In Canada the jarisilietiniiand emilrnl nver this reKinn.ii wmild he expedient III prnvide that the le^'al rights uf any enrpiiratiiiu.eiiinpany ur iiiili\'idual, within the same, will he respeeted: and that in ease of ditferenee nf iijiiniiiii ii.s tn the extent, iiatcre- or value lA' these riKhts. the same shall he suhinitted In jiidieiiil deeisi'--', nr he determined by inntuat agreement helween the (fn\ eniineiit nf Canada and the parties interested. .Sueli a^rreeineiit In Inn e no elVcet nr validity until fust saiietinned hy the I'ar- liainent nf Canada. 7. That iipnii the transferenee nf the territnries in iineslinii u, the Caiia- fliaii tinvernineiit, the elaiiiisuf the Indian trihes tn eninpensatinii fnr lands rei|uired fnr piirjinses nf settlement, wmild heennsidered and settled iiiennfnnuily with the ei|iiitahle prineiples whieh have unifnriiily piverned till' Cinn II in its dealings with the ahnriKines, "<. That a seleet enniinittee he appniiiied to dralt an hiimhle address tn Her Majesty on Ihesiihjeet nf the fiireKniiiK resnluiinns. t This hislnrieal sketeh nf the Nurth-West. has, tn a great extent, heen eniitrihiited hy mie thnrnudhly eonversaiit with the suhjeet, wliuse name the editor is not uuthnri/.ed to use in thiii euuneitiiiii. even hundred s ot U'rritory, iing in many 111 richut'SH, in e future what est" arc to the ! moment here ts early days of, when the ite it to the ivhic h most ol' IS first Aisited s search for a it is »aid that Y as 1517, and f ri'.'"tlutinll^ \V:1S IIH I'oiiiiiiiuri nt'Ciiritidii, h AiiuTii'a Act, \>V\7, villi, A.s.^iniliiiinc, and liiiiTiil wi'iillli whii'li •Xft-n.-'iMII lit' i-iillillHT- Aiin-rifit IVmiii tlie I' t'stalili-linifiil nt' a nnli-r ill llii' Xtirtli- |ii<|>illali if Iliitl'll -f ri'iiKilf anil inmr- lir riM'tiiiitinti tticri-in > (-iri'iuiislanci's will (his Dniniiiiiin. iTica Aft, IHiw, |,ro- rlli-Wcst 'IVrritiiry, ii> anil rutiilitinns to inl 111' this Oiiniiniun u' t^tri'ii in i'lanuMl. r Miiji'-iy, that she r .Mi.sl lliini.raliU' Wist TiTritiiiy with lianiriit uC C'llliilila il Kiivvrnnient. ■t'finir ti) transfer tn Hiiiilil he expeiliellt jiany iir iinlit iilual, se nf ililVerellee ill' hts, the siillle shall ninliial agreement s interesteii. Sueh tiiineij hy tlie I'ar- lestiiin te the Caiia- iinjiensatiiiii tor i-iilereilanil settleil iiniliiniilygiivernvil hninhle address to Kreat eMent. been iiliject, whose name <;y IIn eiili'l to iJiK ad entered the service o| the lamii.v the ireaivoi , rireeht 1711. Hudson s Bay ( oinpaiiy, was despatched to the Bay with five vessels, and destroyed the factories which the French had ereited on Nelson River. This led to repristils on the |)art of the Quebec Company, and, in IGHtl, the Chevaliers de Troyes and D'Iberville commanded a body of troops from Quebec, and succeeded in capturing all the ])riiici|)al forts of the comi)any. In ItJSlttwo attempts were made by the Company to recapture their forts, but both attacks were repulsed by H'Iberville, and some of the ships ea[)ture(l. ( )tlier forts were built by the Hudson's Bay Company, and D'Iberville again attacked them in 1t;94 and captured all but Fort Albany, on the James River, which was the only place in the po.sses- sion of the English Companv at the si"-nina of the treaty of Ryswick, ltjli7, l)y which each nation agreed to restore to the other the places on the Bay they were entided to before the war, and a Commission was appointed to determine which those places were. As war broke out again almost immediately, however, the Com- missiimers accomplished nothing, and the .siib- ject remained in dispute until the treaty of Utrecht, 1713, by which France resigned all claim to the Hudson's Bay Territory. 0. — The Hudson's liay Company, left in undisputed possession of the vast territory enjoyed nearly a century of „ •' ■' •' J i'r..s|ienty nt the peace and marvellous prosperity. ^;|!"i'',',r ;;i,^"."'';!;',','''!' The terms of the treaty were so "''^t <^'""Miany. " vague that the ('ompany had control of the whole upper portion of the continent, contending that its possessions stretched to the Rockv Mountains, including the valleys of the Sitskat- chewan, Red tind Assiniboim^ Ivivers. These claims W(»ro not vigorously contested at first but, as the monopoly began to })e oppressive, they were disputed, and led to serious compli- cations. The Company now oruani/.ed on a large scale ; its alfairs were presided over by a (lOvernor-iu-Chief. whose headcpiarters were at ■ York Faitory,on the Nelson River; a number of Ji m I ! 5(J TFTTTJ-rs IIIST()I?Y OP TUB DOMINION OK CANADA. factoiios were t'slahlishtuliit various posts, and a iinmerons Ibrco ol' voyagers, Uadors, clerks and servants was employed. These trading posts were conveniently situated for the aecominoda- tioii ol' tile roamiiiii' tribes oI' Indians, and an immense trade in peltries sprang up, whieh was I continued with great jn-olit until a quarter of a century after the conquest of Canada hy the I English, when a formidabli^ rival appeared in ; the North-West {'oni})any. This was composed [ of a number of English and Scotch residents of Montreal, who had come to Canada after the I concjuest and engaged in trading in the North- West Territory, which was defined as stretching from the head of Lake Superior over the Rocky , Mountains to the racilic Coast, north to the ' Frozen Sen. and north-eastward to the limits of the Hudson's ]]ay Comjiany's domains. These \ traders commenced about ITtJi), and operated | singly, generally following the old French | routes in the interior; but, in 1784, they nnited and formed the North-"\Vest Company, establish- ing po,sts on the Red River and Lake Winnipeg, and were soon eminoying a large number of servants and doing a prosi)erous business. Their territory, however, encroached on that claimed by the Hud.son"s Bay Ccnnpauy, and disputes as to Imundaries ensued, which soon led to bloody encounters between the emi)lcyees , of the rival C()mi)anies. 0. — Although neither of these companies can claim to have done mui the mighty II, which now udortook the Peace River, way on to t he ,n who ever )reaclth ol' the \!xvd, a i'eat he I s from Fort 3S the Eocky ;ontche Tesse, In 1808 this by Mr. Simon nd it is now arinjy Frazer Cay Company, near the outlet of J.,ake ] AVinnipeij-, and alter a while returned to their settlements, hut were again driven away hy the servants of the North- West Company. The connlry linally became .so much disordered that, in ISlfi, Sir George Drummond, Governor- General of Canada, sent a regiment of ,soldier,s to the Red Rive'- to keej) the pcaee. This had the desired elfect for the time beiim". but mean- j while another inlluence was at work which was ' destined lo bring about a lasting peace between the rival companies. S. — Of course the object of both companies was to make money, and it was now seen that am,,i. Mn„n..c,iu- % their mad rivalry, and wan- \''rli;''Hv'i'^'""'' 'an to pros- per, and gradually built up a number of thriving settlements along thi' banks of the Red and .Assiniboine Rivers. In the course of yenrs. as the settlements of I'pjier Canada stretched westward, iittention began to l)e turned to these far-away colonists on the Red liiver, and wonderful reports were made of the immense fertility of the soil, which, rudely and inijx'rl'ectly cultivattu ns it was, uave more bounteous returns thim some of the best lands in either Upper or Lower Canada. In 1S.')S, the Xorth-AVcst Territory attracted considerable at- tention in Canada, and an attempt was made to claim it as a portion of Upper Ca ada, the title of the Hudson's Bay Company l)einre introduced in I'arliament by the Hon. Mr. Macdougall, with the object of annexinu' the territory to the Dominion. 9. — It was on the fourth f)f December when Hon. ^Ir. Macdougall introduced the resolutions already referred to. with a view ,. , . . ,, . . , ., Di'liMie (111 iiiiiim.' ol l)ringnig this vast territory ih.' .\i.riii\v,-i iinder the control of the Do- minion (iovernmeiit. He opened the debate, which was continued until the eleventh, in an able .sj)eech, in which he sjioke of the import- ance of embracing the vast and fertile region within the l)ounds of the New Dominion; of the impetus which would be iiiveii to immigra- tion by opening up this new country to s -ttlers, and pointed out the necessity of a stable form of Government being established bei'ore any large amount of immigration could be attracted to the territory. He reviewed the claims of the Hudson's Bay Company to the territory, mid said that while the Government by no means admitted the justice or validity of those claims, it was evident that the Comi)any had some rights in the matter, and those rights should be respected sis far as the Company could maintain them in the courts. He referred to the tenure under which the Company hidd its title, and to the counterclaim set up that a laru'e portion of the territory belonged to France at the time the Company received its original charter and down to the coiKiuest, and that it was, therefore, transferred to England only at that time, and formed a part of the Province of Canada. He did not projio.se to discuss the lied any acknow- ledgment ol I lie ^•laims of tile lliid^on's Itay Company, and the Minister of I'ublic Works clearly explained the position of the Govern- ment on that point as follows: "In regard to ' the (piestion of terms, the honorable ucntlcman had prcleiided that ( lo\ friimeiit was prepared to recoii'iiize the riulit of the Hudson's liay Cmii- pany to demand a large sum of money from the people of this country, lie denied there was such iiiti'iition. From the beginning of the I (li.sciissiou down to the last hour, the Govern- ment of Canada had denied the lesal claims ol the Hudson's Bay Company to that portion of territory lit for settlement. They proposed to claim this country as being part of New France, as having been ceded to the English Govern- ment in 1760, and as having remained in that position from that time down to the preseiii. As to Ivupert's Laud, that was an open point — they did not propose to settle that by these resolutions— that wcmld be left to the leual tribunals of Canada, and every British subjei i would have the riaht to appeal from these to the highest tribunals of the Mother Country.' 10. — But although there was murh to say in favor of the measure, the Oi)j)osition found considerable to advance aa'ainst o.,.,,,,!,;,,,,,,, ,1,^. it. It was urged that the Domin- ■\'"""""i""' ion had already enough territory, and was not in a |>osition. linaiicially, to warrant the acquire- ment of a tract of country — a large part ol which was uttvrly worthless — iuvolvinii' the expendi- ture of a sum of money variously estimated by the speakers at i'rom live to twenty millioi-s oi dollars; that the enlargement of the frontier ol the Dominion by more than a thousand mih'> would be an increased source of weakness in the event of war, and would be apt to lead to complications with the United States, or to war between the Indians of the two countries ; that the establishment of courts, a i)olice i'one and other lu'ces.sary machinery oi" government would involve a much larger outlay than there was any prospect of receiving an adetpuite return for; that the people of the lied liiver country did not want annexation, and that it was highls impolitic to accprire a territory the only access to which at present, was through the United Slates, and the expense of nniking a road to whieh on Canadian soil would be very great With regard to the claims of the lliulson's Bay Company, some of the opponents of the resolu- tions held that tlie Company had forfeited whal title it ever had under the charter of KiTO, l)y never having complied with its terms willi reference to colonization aiul civilizing the Indians, while others held that the charter never was valid, as it had been granted bv i loii'al claims of that portion of ey proposed to of New France, Jnijlish Govcrii- ■niained in that to the present, in open point — ! that by these rt to the lei-al British subjici il I'rom these to ther Country.' niufh to say in )])Osition loniul (i|.;i(Pi-ili"n III the Aiinc'Xiition. ry, and was not ant the acquire- ^■e part oi whieli vj: the expendi- ly estimated by eiity niillioi's ol' he Irontier oi' thousand mih's of weakiu'ss in apt to lead to States, or to war countries ; that >oli(e lone and crnment would than there \vas de([uate return lii\ er coiuitry t it was hiiihl\ he Oldy aeres> | h the United ' iinii' a road to bi' very great. Hudson's Bay s ol' the resolu- 'ort'eited what ter oi' KITO, by ts terms with ' i\ ilizin<>' the it the charier II u'ranled by J (iOVKKXMHXT OK LOIU) MONCK—lSdT— FIRST HKSSIOX oF I'ARI.FAMKXT. .•)!• Charles II, without the consent ol' Parliament ; that the Company had thorel'ore no claim, and were not entitled to anything'. Mr. Howe pointed out tiiat the capital ol' the Hudson's Bay Company, which was only .€ 1.000.000 live years auio, had been inllated to twice that amount as soon as it was known tliat Canada wanted the territory, and the inilatod sum of ten millions of flollans was what the (roverii- ment would be expected to pay : a sum alto- gether unii'asonnl)le, and more than the country could ali'ord to pay. 11. — On the motion to concur in the resolu- tions as r<'i)orted from the committee of the whole, Mr. Holton moved the ri'iV." following amendment ; "That, duced and amended by Mr. Maedougall were then adopted, and a seh>ct committee ap- pointed to di'aw up an address embodying them. .■\ini'nil l,y .Ml-. 1 1.. 11 re^niiitiMiis iiH'itt i.rf.i 1 1. I..... ii Hlnptcl. CIIAITER V. (I'OVI-RX.MFA'T OF I.Ol.'D MONCK — isOS— FIR.ST .^IXSJUX OF l'AI!l.iA.MP:XT. 1. Death OI- Hox. FEitciTssoN Blaii!. Vaca.n- ciE.'^ IN Tin: Cahi.mct. — 2. Nova ScotiaV i:i''l-ORT.s TO (lET OUT OF THIC UnIOX.— :!. MfllDKl! OF TIIK IIo.V. TllOMAS D'AltCV aeordinu- to the provisions of Mc(!i:e.— 4. His Muimiei; iF HIE MlMITA 1)11,1., such address set ibrth, would ha\e the full lor ce Some I IF ITS ri!I\('Il'AI, l'l!(>VIS!(iN,« and •li'ect of an Imperial statute, and would !•. Miscem.a.neois Acts I' \>., extent; and \alue of the claims wi . I'lininlit.rliii. Ciiii iiwliinl (III k,i|lul. i: e.iilij ll.il.l.i I In Ihi riiwrnnl li). Mi'liiiiiiii.l (I M.'Mnll .Mi'li'iiiiilil imr. (Hi .Mi'i.-illV, .Mill., Ml, . li'.Milliiii (Itc-iiuoiii'lii'l. .Mi'.Milhiii fViiii'lri nil). Ml- I'. IM nil IVii'liiriii), .Mil ii'Ci.ii- Hill. INi|iu. I'liuliiit. IN I. I'nwi'r. liny. Him." I\'i,'| uiii'iiliiirif). iMMs.-iiii, Ki'yiiiil.l, ll,.liiiiii|li', H,,,«,., i{,„v (|iiiii,|,i«). H"-- (I'riii.'i' Kihuinli' Kiiiil. Ki'.ll.inl, rcMiililii ■II, iriii. N'.S,). Siiyili'r. Si.rmil. Sii'plii I I'll, siirliiii. 'I'liniMii.Min (ILii'liiii'iiiill 'riMi'.v, Wiilnli, Wflil), Wi'lli-, Whi.i'. Wliitolii'ini, WIImim, Wriulit.— HH. tin TITTLKS IIISTOIJV ol' I'llK DOMlxVlOX Ol" CANADA. sepuratf capiuities will l>o Ibuiul in aiiollifr part ol' lliis work : Wf will, thcrcrorc, jur tlu- pvi'sciit. coiiliiu> oursolvos lo llic sessions ol' the Dominion Parliament and to sn«h nnittors as have some weight and bearing on the whole Dominion The iirst event ol" Dominion im- portance which occurred alter adjournment was the death of the Hon. A. J. Fergusson I'dair, President ol' the I'rivy Council, at his residence in Ottawa, on iOth December alter a very short illness. The death ol' Mr. Blair caused another vacancy in the Cabinet, two memheis ot which had already failed to .secure seats— Hon. A. G. Archil)ald, Secretary of State lor the Provinces, who was defeated in Nova Scotia, and Hon. J. C. C'hapias, Minister of Agriculture, who was a candidate in Kanmuraska County, where the election was delayed on account of a row on election day. The latter, however, accepted a seat in the Sei.ate. and retained his portfolio until IGth November, isTO. The (]uestion was, therefore, raised as to whether the Premier j would take advantage of the opportunity thus ' oll'ered to redui-e the number of Cal)inet Minis- : ters. it liavinii' been staled \v. aniiounciiig the ! Iirst Cal)iiiet lliat some of the departments were expel inieiitary, and might be merged into others, and till' number thus reduced, in conformity with the ideas of a large set tion of the Reform i parly, which desiredthe ulniost economy in the condxu,'t of public all'airs. No chaiig»'s were ; made, however, before Parliament re-assembled. ! 2. — An attempt was made to resume the first session of Parliament on the l'2th of March, but, .. ^ ,. , , as onlv about sixty members "''"■■''• were pre.seiit, business was not proccedefl with until the lollowing Monday One of the Iirst ([uestioiis which oceuined the attention of the House was the appointineni of the Hon. Dr. Tupper on :i special mission to EuLilaiid with reference to Nova Scotia all'airs. E.\l)laiialion was nnide to the ( llect that the Local Legislature of Nova Scotia, haviiuiiidopti'd an luhlress to Her Majesty, praying i'or a rej)cal of the I'nion Act, and appointed the Hon. yiv. Howe and three other gentlemen to pre.> Cabinet, as that miiiht have been construed into an admission tliat the subject of repeal was oi)en to discussion and reconsideration, a jioint which the (iovernment : by no nu'ans admitted ; it had, therefore, been thought advisable to select some gentlemen who thoroughly understood the alleged grievances of the Nova Scotians, and who wer" ])repared to answer the ariiiiments of the delegates. Messrs. Tupper and (!all had been retpiesled to accept the mission, l)Ut the laitt r had declined. on the ground that he considered that ihe Hon. Dr. Tupper's ai)pt>intment would teiul to still further estrange the Nova Scotians, and the latter had proceeded alone. In the discussion which followed the explanation, several of the Nova Scotia members deprecated the action of the (iovernment, and expressi'd the o[)iiiioii that the ai)pointment of ibe Hon. Dr. Tupper would intensify the fi'eling in Nova Scotia a'jainst the 'Union; and some members of the ( )pposition held that althouuli the Doctor was well (|ualilied on account of his personal knowledee of the s\d)jccl, the appointment was ill-advi.sed, as it made Ihe (iovernment ai)pear to espouse his cause auainst Mr. Howe and the anii-Union parly, ami would only make the feeling stronger against Confederation. After some discussion on the advisil)ility of sending an auenl, the matier was droppi'd. o. — Parliament had been in session about three weeks, and the Currency and Militia l.nis were well proceeded with, .v,,,,,,, „,■„,.. ii„„. when an event occurred which ni.-.hA.v.v.M.Mi..,.. threw the consideration of all other subjects aside, and caused a wave of sorrow ami con- sternation lo sjiread throughout the whole Dominion. A wail of grief, a thrill of horror and shame pcr\ aded nearly all classes when it was Hashed over tlu^ w ires on the morning of the seventh of Ai)ril. IsilS, thai the Hon, Thonuis D'Arcy McOee had been foully muj* I dered as he was entering his boartling-house on )uUl bo scut to views of the •itios, if I'ound ■d (Icsirubli' to IS that iniaht issioii that tho isciissioii and » (rovoniment lorelbre, been iMitUMiicii who id grievances vere jM'epared he dcleii'atos. 11 requested to liad declined, that the Hon. I tend to still Jans, and tlie hi' discussion sc\i'i'iil ol' the 1 the ai'lion ol' le opinion Ihat I'uppi'r would ia :ii2'ainst the he ( )pposition well (lualilled vlediic ol' the adxiscd, as it espouse his anti-Union the feeling After some sending an sessiDU al)mil and Militia ^liii'.ln Hi ll,.' Hum. I'll..-. ir,\iv> .M.'liTO. tiler SUl)j^'el^ rn\\ and con- Ihc whole rill (if horror i^scN when it e morning of It ihe Hon. I'duIIv nnij- ingdiouse on <;n\ KIJNMKNT OF i,Ul!l) MoNCK — IS(J8— FIli.sT SIISSION OF I'A 1(1,1 A. M K N'f. CI Sparks street, at. i.W a.m., having just left the Mouse of Comnions. Mr. Mc(}ee attended the House on the ni^iht of tin' sixth, ,ind delivered an elfcotivc specih i>n the nioli.ni to recall J)r. I Tuiiper from England (which was withdrawn), in which he urycd temperance, kindness and I conciliation in dealing with No\a Scotia, and j strongly dei'Vi'ca'ed the course oi those un'm- j bcrs who would swerve from the path of duty I and .sacriiicc the best interests of their country tc u'ain a little personal popidarity, little think- ing then how scion his devotion to his adopted country, and his strict perfornuince of his duty, at the ex])ense of persoiuil popularity, would cost him his life. The JIou.se did not adjourn until after two o'clock in the inorning, and Mr. McGee lingered a few minutes in the h)bby. then lit a cigar, aiul started on his w ay to Mrs. Trotter's boarding- house ()n Sparks street, wliere he resided, accompanied by Mr. li. Mac- l''arlane. M. 1'., and three me.s.sengers of the House. lie parted from his companions at the corner of Sparks and Metcalfe streets, and pro- ceeded westwards alone along Sparks stre towards his boarding-house. A few minutes later, a son of Mrs. Trotter, who was a page in the House, while on his way home heard a pistol shot, and on reacliinii- his mother's door found ]\Ir. McClec lyinii' dead on the sidewalk. The unfortunate gentleman had idaced the latch- key in the lock, and was, jirobably, ))onding for- ward a litl le to open the door, when his assassin canii' up behitid hiui, placed tho pistol so close to his head that the hair was .scorched. The ball entered the neck Just at the base of the brain, a little to the right, and passing through the mouth — kiioekinu' on! three teeth and the cigar he was smokinii- — lodged in the door. He died almost in.^tantly, and ulthou-jh many of his friends lodiivd n the house were (puckly on the spot, no assistance could hi' rciulered him, neither could anything he seen or heard of his assailant. 4.— The utmost indignation was nnmij'ested in Ottawa and other la rue cities when the Intel liticnce of the murder was Ml' iiiiir.liT llio iwiiiiiii hi.si i.i,ii.- spread, and the excitement ran "11 ri'i ■'ill. ■11 especially high in Montreal, which was known to contain many Fenians and their sympathisers — there being no doubt whatever entertaiiu'd but that Mr. Mctlee's murder was the work of that body, out of re- venge for exposures he had threatened of the workinu:s of that body, and his fearless and persistent ell'orts to keep his countrymen from joining the oruaiiizaiion. A notorious Fenian has written a book in which he parades the names of all the traitors, murderers and thieves who sulfered some just punishment for their crimes committed in Ihe name of Fenianism, and styles them -martyrs" or "heroes " ac- cording to his fancy ; but the truest, noblest and greatest hero evoked l)y the wicked brother- hood was Thomas D'Arcy MctJee, and he was the onlj- martyr who \\as sacriliccil, not in the cause of I'cnianism, but in the cause of lovally j and order, of justice ami right, l)y a Fenian. \ Well might Sir John A. Macdonald say of him : "He might have lived a lonu' and respected life had he chosen the easy path of popularity rather than the stern one of duty. He has lived a short life, respi'ded and beloved, and ha,' died a heroic death, a martyr to the cause of his country. How easy it would have been lor him, had he chosen, to have sailed along the full tide of popularity with thousands and hundreds ; of thousands, without the loss of a siimle plaudit, hut he has been slain, and I fear slain becau.se he preferred the ))alh of duty." At the meeting of the House on the seventh, ulowinii' eulouiums were pronounced on the murdered man by Sir .John A. Macdonald. Sir (leorge E. Cartier, lion. Mr. Chaiiveaii. ^b'ssrs. Mickenzie, '. Chamberlin, An-ilin and McDonald (Lunen- ! burg), and the Hous Ijourncd out of respect ' to his memory until after the funeral, which took place at Montreal on the l.iih, and was the largest ever known, over twenty thousand per- sons being in the procession, 'i'jie funeral was ' at the public expense, and Parliament showed its aiipreciatioii of Mr. Mctlee's services by voting a pension ol t-inO per annum to his , willow, and .€1,0(10 to each of his two daughters, ' to be held in trust, and tlu' interest, at (i per cent., paid them. (12 TITTLKS lirsToRY Ol' THE DOMINIOX OF CANADA. H' 5. — On lln^ r tho iiu;rdfv th(> Koiniiiion Government oH'ered ;i larni' reward lor I he apprehension of the murderer, An-i'St iiimI tri;il nf i i - i i i i wiiihiii r..r M.ce.v and thi.s was supplemented bv oilers Irom the Quel)ei' (jovern- ment, the City of Ottawa and otlier sonrcos, so that the utoss amount sw<'IIed up to about s20,0(t0. The detectives ol Montreiil and other cities came at once to Ottawa and joined thc^r efforts to those oi' the local ibree to discover tin* ii'uilty i)erson or persons. Sevei-al arrests were made the first day ol' susi)erted jiarties. and, the Habeas Corpus Act heing suspended, a large number ol' persons in ( tttaw a, 'J'oionto and Montreal were aj)prehended during' the ensuinu- week or two, not only on the chanre of imi'lica- tion of murder, but on the mere suspicion of Ix'iiij^' l'"enians. Soon suspicion as to the mur- derer narrowed itself down to one man — Patrick •lames Whelan — who had been arrested on the ei;ihth. and the (>vi(Ienie aiiainst whom S"'emed very strong-. The tVn'oner's Jury returned an open verdict, but tho investigation was re-opened before the Tolice Magistrate, and. after a lonu' examination. Whelan was committed for trial at till' next Asstzes. on the ehari'-e of havinu' mur- dered Thomas D'Arey MeGee, while a numl)er of others were held as accessories before the fact. The g-enerally accepted theory oi the murder was that it was the result of a Fenian conspiravy formed in ^lontreal : iliat six men had drawn lots to determine wlio should com- mit the deed, and that the lot had fallen to Whelan. An ellbrt was made, as soon as Whelan had been committed for trial, to induce Sir .Tolin A. ^lacdoiiald to cause the ai)pointment of a Special Commission to try him in anticii)ation of the regular I'"all Assizes, but he wisely with- stood the i>ressure. nnd let the law take its usual course. The trial • ommenced at ( )ttawa on the seventh of September, before His Honor Chief Justice Kii hards and a jury, and lasted eiuht davs.* Mr. U'Keillv wa^ Crown Prosecutor, • 'I'ho iiiiiiu'.-* uT till' jury W'Tf : Williiim I'unlv. riicnim- Uvulli.rly, Willl.iiu .M..ni.iij. I{..IhtI \V. liriiwii. .Iiiliii iwili',-. .Iiilin \Vil«ciri. .MMllI.eiv IIit'iii. Williiiiii (JiiiiiMu, (iuuritc KiiviiiihkIi, a. Mrllaiiivl, Ui'iijiiiiiiii HoiIkIiik hihI SuiiiiiuI Cuiiii. and Messrs. John Hillyard (Vtmeron, Matti.-nv Crooks Cameron, and P. .T. IJuckley ai)pe;'. red for the prisi^ner. The evidenee agrainst AVhelau may be summed up as follows : He was proved to have used .hreateninLs' languane towards Mr. McCree during the time of his election compaign aii'ainst Mr. Devlin, as well as afterwards. He was shown to have i)ass(Ml under the names of Sullivan and Smith at various times, under the former of which he was arrested for Feiiianism. and umler the latter he visited Mr. McCK-es house while that gentleman was ill, on a pre- tence that his (Mr. McGee's) hinise would be set on lire, but seemed disconcert ed when the door was locked on him belore he saw Mr. McGee, and appeared as if his plan, whatever it was, had miscarried. As to his direct conn(>ction with the murder, he was proved to have b(>en in the gallery of the House of Commons several times on the night of the sixth of Ai>ril, and to have behaved in so <-.ngular a manner as to have attracted the attention of one ol the messiMigers as veil as the doorkeeper, the messenii'er seeing him shake his linger at Mr. Mc(!ee in a threatening' manner when he was speaking; he was shown to have been in the habit of carrying a pistol, and, when arrested, a six-barrelled Smith & Wesson revolver was i'ound on him, one chamber of which uave evidence of having been recently discharged, and a new cartridge placed in it, and the bullet which had killed Mr. Mc(5ee. and which was Uniiid in the door of the boarding house, corres- ponded with those in the cartridn'cs in the pistol I'ound on Whelan. There were also minor details of circumstantial (-^idence which pointed to Whelan as the murderer : but, so iar. the evidence was only ( ircumstaiitial, and scarcelv eiioimh to convict on. Direct evidence was not wantiiiii'. however, and althouiili counsel for the deteiice tried to shake the testimony, it was not materially oli'ected ; the evidence was thai of Jean Haptiste Lacroix, a iM-ench Canadian laltorer, who swore to having witnessed the murder, and of JJetective ( 'uUeii, of the Montreal Police l''orce, who testilicd to having heard Whelan confess the murder to a companion i 'I flOVERNMKNT OF LOIM) MONCK— ISi;?- -IRST SESSloX OF PAJ^IJAMENT. (i3 iiaiiK'd Doyle, who was undt'V arrest a.s iiu ac- "(unplicc, ill the jail at Ottawa — Oullcii ln'ing' conicalcd, and tho mtMi .sui)posing' theinsdviw to !)<• alone. *J. — l.,acroix was an iunoraiif man, whose evidence was not very clearly niven, but he c,„„i,.i„„,„j,„ I stood the test oi' cross-exainiiia- ex.vufu,,,,! ui„i,,n. ^.j^j ^.jthoiit damaublic demand for some one to be punislied for Mr. McGee's murder. He was then sentenced to be hung on the tenth of ])e- cember. An attempt was made l)y some of Whelan's friends to show that the murd.-r was committed by a man named DiMit, who shot himself on the day after the assassination, imt the evidence adduced at the Coroner's imjuesi on i' 'lit showed that he had been dnuik lor several days, and that not only could he not have murdeied McGee. but that it was highly improbable that he had even heard of Mr. Mc'Jee's death when he committed suitide. Every effort which leu'al ing«>nuily could devise was resorted to by the Hon. John lliilyard Cameron, and the other counsel of Whehm. (o have his sentence set aside and a m'w trial granted, but in vain, and the most that was accomplished was a p()sti)onement of the seii- 1 tence, and consequent prolongation of the un- fortunate man's life to the 11th Febriuiry, IStlO, | ': when he was hanged in the jail yard at Ottawa. I Immediatidy after the trial application was madti for a new trial on the grouiul of irregu- , larity at the first trial, but the application was j I refu.sed. An ai>peid was then made to the j Court of J'h-ror and Appeal, and decision given by a full court on '2-2nd January, l.stJli, to the effect that the error committed at the trial — that of refusintf to allow Jonathan Sparks to be challenged for cause before all the perem[)tory challenges were exhausted — was not material to the case, and, therefore, the api)licalion for a new trial was denied, six of the Judges agreeing in the ju(li;nient, and four dissent- ing.* Ai)plicalion was then maih- by Mr.! Cameron for leave t(> appeal to the Imperial j I'rivy Council, but the Court held, unanimous- \ ly, that it had not the right to grant an appeal, 1 I as the :i!)th section of the " Act respi'ctiny' the Court of Error and Appeal," after pointing out > the way in which an appeal nniy bt^ l)rought | before that court in criminal cases, says : '• .\nd every rule or order of the Court of Error and Appeal shall be final.'' Application w;.s then j made to the Governor-General in Council for a ' further respite until an answer could be ob- tained from the Judicial Committee of the Im- j perial Privy Council whether an apjieal would lie entertained without the authority of the Canadian Court : this respite the Governor in Council declined to grant, holding that the (juestion rai.sed was purely one of hiw, and having been decidetl in the Court of limn- and Apjieal, the Government could not interfere, and that the sentence of the Court must be executed. It must be remembered that during this elllirt to get up a new trial, no plea was iiiaile of AVhelan's innocence, nor ol' the dis- covi'ry of any fresh evidence which would tend '■''I"' •■ ■' Wii- 'livi'iod II- j-.ill.nv.. :~|-„r a iii'W Iriiil : Cliii 1 .lii>li.-i. Ilii^ifty, Cli:iii,.,.i|..r ViiiiU..iik'lii.ct. Vi.'.-CliiiiM-.M.ir S|.nii.'i.'i', .liiMi.M' Miiiri.''iiii.— I. AKiiin-t M iinv ;riiil: C'li, f .liisii,r |)i'.i|m i, Cliiri .lu-ii,,. Hii'hiinl-. Vici'-Ch.iiiicllnr .M.iWMi, .Iii.Ikcs ciwMini', .lulin \\ i|.,,ii \,||ii|| Wil.-Mii.-il. i \i V I'H :l \ M fj» Tl'TTLKS inSTOI.'V Ol' TIIK DO.MIXIOX OF CAXADA. lo clciiv him ol' guilt, but iIk^ wholi' ph>a was liasrcl on a Iciiiil error whirh did not afFcct the merits oi' llio eiitse at all. lor the juror challen^'od did not serve on the jury, and to the mind oi' laynii'U it was impossible to see what differ- ence it made whether he was fhalltMiired per- emiitoiily or lor caiisi'. Duriiui' tlie ellorts to obtain a new trial, ^Vhelan had bi'on removed lo the jail in Toronto, but on the day the jud
  • lirst cltiction." .Mr. llouson"s laotiiiM was then put and lost, 41 lor, 7 entitled to vote." liost on division. t)n the 27th clause, reservinii' 1,400,000 acres liT lliill-l)r Is, l)eini>' reached, Mr. Mackenzie inoveil thai the I'ollowiim l)e su])stitiited I'or it: "That whereas it i.s expedient to appro- piiaie a portion ol such unii'ranted lands I'or the liunilies ol' Ilall'-hreed residents, it is hereby (•iiatii'd ihat the children of .sucli llall'-hreeds ' resident in the J'rovince shall bo entitled to receive ;i o-ranl ol'iiot more than 200 acres each, nil ;iit;\iiiinL>' the aii'e ol' eiu'htcen years, in such iiioile, Mild on such conditions, as the Governor- iii-Coiincil may I'rom time to time designate." Sir Georiie E. ('artier observed that there were over 10.000 ehildivu in the Province wliich would require even a lari>-cr urant than that iLsked ij the amendment was carried. Mr. Markeii/.ie's motion was then lost, :57 to 80. Mr. Oliver moved to stirke out the clause relatinL>- to education. Lost, W to 81. On the motion Tor the third reading Mr. Mackenzie said he did not intend to oli'er any further opjiosition. Tile Oppositioi' had endeavoured to amend the most ol)iectiona])h' features of the bill, and hiiviiiu- iiiilod in that, they threw upon the ('o\ovmaent the full responsibitity of passing the measure as it stood. They had doclih.\. from lirst m last to acci'pt any aiiienI1)KNT(J|!V.NT's l'i;nf|,AMATIiiN. — :!, TlIK Fknians k\tI';r Canada. — f. I)i':i'KAr lO' riiE Fk.mans at Eccr.K.s lliiii..— ">. Tin; Fknia.ns RKTRKAT KIIiiM TlIK M l.sSISi Jfi H FK( )NTI Kit. — ti. JvKi'ur.sK oK TlIK Fkma.ns 0.\ I'IIK JIU.NTIXODON l'"l!ONTIKR. ( 'd.MI'I.I M KNT TO TIIK MIMTIA.— 7. K.N'DiiK TIIkRaII). TiMAI. OK SOMK DK TIIK IvAIUKliS. OriNlo.VS ( >F I'HK Prkss. 1. — The trouble which had arisen in the Morth-West was eagerly seized on by the Fenian plotters in the I iiited ^*. . 1- 1 • I't'iiijin j.rciiiir.-ilioiiM Dtates as a means ol drawing inr.i inr iin^i^i.Mi more money from the i>ockets of their dupes on the plea of striking another blow for the freedom of Ireland, by makiim- an onslauu'ht on Canada; and all through the winter of 1800-70 vigorous preparations were made in New York and other cities for the threatened raid in the sprinu'. Numerous appeals wtu'c made to the patriotism of the lower orders of Irish throughout the States, and I very large contributions wen made to "the cause." principally by those whose iunorauce prevented them from understanding the utter folly of such an attempt, and whose bliiulness hid from them the fact that tho gang of adventurers who were at the head ol' the in.; I ''I: I I i 'I III'' liulil IImi iitlviiiiccd \vi( '''"iilit'i', 1111(1 « nii'vlcvc, Iclnilll'll iiiiliiiiiy Ills Wi'Vi' tl lirlivc 1(1 li'lu'l ' li"l.l III ilSSIlllli'll ■1 of llll' ■V t.r Ihc ' ill;iriil\ Imwii l)y tliirlfi'ii r viiviuu> I'l'iicc :iiiil I'lvsi.li'iit 1 siiliji'iis • iihrllill'i )l' lllllli'il itii-r -lull \ I'V.* ; to I'llliM Olli' lliiilv red lliiil )lisl;llllly lluT \V;i> U/,..."-, ll Ill.TI.I itii'l li .li.-( I I iTiiiiiry uii'l I jiuiiiinii'ii "I 111" I iiil'"l ; i..,l Sinli'iii" j lio I'liili'il I I:l|i">. Illlilllll I miiii-l iii'liiiir. I „-,..-.|lhi:-; ' oh illi'K ll nil' I l.i.r 111 111 1 < 111 llii'ir 1 .1 ll.i' I'liili"! j II. I ilcli' ll llll' I In .iiiHli"0 nil ; IMIHhI III! I'IiI j .r May, mil"' • iiv. mill i" I'll' ■ Mlllll . IIKAN'I (loVKUNMKNT (»F Sli; .lollN VcdXd TIIK KKXIAN KIASCo. ii;',i ! nhiri'd as liij^h as lirtccii huiidrt'd. Tito lii'sl shiiiiiisli look place a( Ecclcs Hill, in advance 111' Ciioks Corners, on llie Missi.squoi IVonlier, wliriv. at about noon, on the Iweiity-lirih, the advaiiee liuiird ol' I lie Fenians, a))out two ii nl- red slronu', under command of ''(Jeniral" O'Ni'ill— the " hero" of IHCd— crossed the Iron- lii'r. The position at Eccles Hill is a strong i one, and as soon as it was known that the FciiiMiis really intended to make an attack, Lt,- Ci'l, t >,sl)orne Smith, Deputy Adjiitaiit-Ueneral, (■oiiiiiiaii-li.'nard " under roiiiiiiaiid of Mr. Asa Westover, ami look posses- sion nf tlie hill on the niiiht of the twenty- fouitli. Only one company of the (10th had yet ; iiiiistcred at Stanhridi>'e (No. ;!, under command Mil' (';i|)lain Robinson) and a portion of this was I si'iil forward to Cook's Corners to suppor* the nailaiit little party holdiim- Ei'cles Hill. At j ilay-lircak, on the twcnty-iiftli. Captain IJockus ami twenty-four men, of No. f) (.%iini)any, also Weill iorward lo Fccles Hill, and the volunteers I'loni llie surroundinu' country, and Montreal J were ii;'.steniniii'^ from the road to the crest of the Mill. hill, with the " Home nuard " on III!' nulit lliink. Meanwhile the Fenians had iulvaiice ISccle's Hill. The followinii' description of the eny-imcment we take from Lieulenant-Colomd Chamberlin's report to Lieutenant-Colonel Smith: "At about twenty minutes before twelve, Ueneral Foster, tlie lliiited States Marshal for the adjoininy' district of Vermont, waited upi>n me, desirino;, as he informed me. to oiler a.ssuranc(>s that his Government and himself personally, were doiui;^ all that was po.*ur|)ose of resisting thealtiudv made was something less than sixty rilles. The enemy advanced in clo.se column from one hundred an\'\ 'I I » 170 Tl'TTIiK'S I11ST()J{Y OK TlIK DOMINION 0F<' CANADA. i ' niaiii column ol' iiUiick still within tho Ihiittnl i Stall's territory, vvIumi the coiillict bciiune i HtMicnil. I 'poll the lirsl disrhariL^-c one niiiii, in ! the li'iuliiii^- section of tho advance i'uard, was shot dead, and otiiers wounded, and the reinaininiji' men comprising- it sought rct"uL"-e hehind I he uei^hhourinir barns and under a bridge near at hand. The main body halted, wavered, partially rallied again, aiul then, galled by the well-sustained and well-directed lire ol' our men, broke — all .seeking- refuge behind i\n'. houses and stone-rences along the road, or makinii' their way to a wood which crowned the sununil ol' the hill opposite to our j |)osition upon the same, (the western) side oi' the I road, anothi'r man being killed and several wounded in seekinii' this shelter. From this time a desultory lire I'rom behind trees and fences. i\:c., was kept up. The lire of the Fenian j column, while formed as uch, was very ill- ; directed, sometimes more resembling ii Jeii ile ^ joie than anythiu'^' else. Hardly a shot cauu' j near us till after shelter had lieen gained by the ]j enemy. jj ;->. — Shortly alter the attack, Lieut.-l'ol. Smith !: arrived and took command, and reinforctsmeuts were hurried forward fromStan- iiniii 111.' .MisM.,|iMM bridge, so that beioretlireeo clock nearly (wo hundred men had arrived.* The Fenians, however, showed no disposition to advance. J)ut kept up a struggling- lire from the iiuuses wliert! they had sheltered themselves, but doiiiu' no damage. About six o'clock the Fenians brought up a small Held piece, when ( 'olonel Smith advanced his skirmish line to the front ier boundary, and the few Fenians who were left in the houses, beat a hasty retreat, •Triiu|i» (MiKum-il ill ilie iictiDii with I'V-iiiium iil l';oelc< Hill, .\liiy i'.tli, 1S7(): — Ciiitps. S m KuiiiarkH. SlalV 1st 'ri-nn|i MiMilr(Mil Ciiviilry. ;inl Hull. Vii-lnriii llillos ,. I'tittli. iM' .Mii^hifiiuoi lliithilton. lldiiio liuurd 2 'J ii It ■il ■ll Iil) '.Hi i;i I7H W W. OSIllULNK SMITH. i,iout.-Col. leaving arms and ammunition behind them A few shots were lired from the Held piece, but without ell'ect. and the vvould-be iiiviiders with, drew about nightfall. After running away at j the lirst lire of Colonel Chaniberlin's men. the Fenian.General O'Neill, attempted to take refuge in a brick house, but was drivoi: out by liio owner and lied to the rear, where he was arrested by United States Marshal Foster, placed iu a cab | and driven olf the held to Burlington jail, pro- bably (he happiest I'Vnian of the lot, for he lili safe. Alter O'Neill's capture the comiiiaiid devolved upon one Huy'e O'lieilly, an escaped, convict from Australia ; but the men had lo>t all desire for a liglit and retreated during the ni!;lii, abandoning their caini) at llul)bard's Conieis, about two miles from the boundary line, and leaving- there a large <|uantity of arm.s and ammunition, which was subse(|uently taken possession of by the United States aut horitie.'*. The gun, which was an iron, rilled, brt'Ci h-load- ing six-pounder, was afterwards captured, and was sul)sequently presentt^d to Mr. Westover, of th(i "Home guard," in token of (he gallaiil eim- duo>i- lively. Colonel Smith in his report to Lieuleii- ant-tJeneral Lindsay, says: — "From all liie information I can gather, the Fenian loss may he set down as four or live killed, and lifteeu or eighteen wounded ; some accounts double and treble (his number — we have buried one man inside our lines. Among the wounded is I lie so-called 'General Diinnelly.' "* i •Tliu li.^tiil' llio kilii'.l iind wminili'il niiiinm'sl llio I'Viiiiiiis. a-- itivrn in dill'uront Aiiiuiii'iin iMiimrs. Incils up Icii killrcl mihI lliirli'i'n wniimli"! in tho wliolu euininUKn. 'I'lio imiiiun wurii : — l>K.\h. (ioiicriil J. .1. lli.iiiicll.v. Ill' I'tioii; .Idin Iti.wc. nf liiiiliiii;i"n iM. O'Hrion, nf Mnriuli ; Kilwiinl (iiilliii, cil Itoi'lioslcr ; .Iiiincs .\l. i:v:iii>. Ill' Troy; Kriui. LhIIi'II, nf Nowiirk ; Uciii." Ilimxai: ; (Iwri-'i' lliii:lii'»l ChiirlonJ. Cliiiii'vy; . liiilly-lll Will NiiKii.— KdwanI llrpc. iil liriilKoiiort ; l''niiik CiirriKaii, (if liriilio- ' linri ; K. Ci'iiiiHii, lit' .Mdiilii'al ; .Iniiu^s K»<'iian. nf Kurt I'Mwanl : IMwiii'l ('ailiiKhan. nt' lliii'liimlun: Cliai'if!^ CarlLon. ol' CHiiiliridK", Vt.; lliiiii<'I Alioiii, 1)1 Wiiiiiiiflki. Vt. : MiidiMul I'lyiiii, ul' .Nmv Vurk ; .1. .1. Culliii:'. "I DoKtoii; Tiiimtliy Moriarty ; I'atriiOi liiiwiiny ; .Mi' liacl CalhiKliin : .liiai>s AtridKo—K). ; \ mm (lOVKKNMKNT OF SIU .lOlIN YOFNO— TIIK I'h^NIAN FIASCO. 171 (i. — Mo;ni\vhil»' llif second " iiiviuliiig army "' Ii:h1 I)i<'1i inustt'riiiti' near Miiloiu'. N.Y., and, on ij,,,,„i„. ,,Mi,r llii' (wonty-sovcnlh crossod the ib';'M^.I"M'li''"ui.r. lIuntinnt it was known I hilt they were on Canadian soil, the i('uul:ns and volunteers at Huntinsi'don ad- * ;uK'c(l, and ahout eiuht o'clock ijot within shot (il llic inva(h'rs, when the fjOth Hatlalion (Huu- liimiloii iiorderers) under command of lit. Col. Ml I'liichran, opened lire, and the Fenians at once "skediuMled" l)ary and Engineers, tlic Huntingdon ]5order(>rs, and a portion of the until retiulars. the whole uiuler the command lit ('(d. r.agot. The Borderers had to deploy into an oi)eii liidd to attacdc. and the Fenians, wlui iiidd a strong' position, miuht have made a liiiod defence if they had liai tlie invaders were con<'erned, and showed h"\v imimptly and with what ease (mr volun- teers c(puid repulse any such wanton attacks, file driving of the invaders from the .soil of Canada was done by our brave volunteers alone, le wliiiiii (leneral Lindsay paid the following .iust Irihnle in General Orders of fourth June : "<'aiiiid;i has been once more invaded by a body f'l K(>iiians. who arc citizmis of tht> Thiited folates, and who have again taken advantage of till' iiisiiiiitions of that country, to move without •lisgiiise. a, large body of men and warlike stores '" tlie Missisijuoi and JIuntingdon frontier, for I'le iMirpose of lev ying war upini a peaceful community. From both lhe.se points invading forces have been instantly driven with loss (and in the confusion throwing awav arms, ammuni- tion and clothing) into the United States. Acting with scrupulous regard for the inviolability dl' the neighboring territory the troop.s were ordere whole all'air is entirely due to the promptitude with whicii the militia respomled to the call to arms, and to the rapidity with v\hich their movements to the front were carried out, ami the sidf-rcliance and steadiness shown l)y this foi'ce, as well as the armed inhabitants on the frontier. The regular troops were at hand in support, ready to move, had it been necessary, to wherever the main attack might be d(^vidoped. Th*- proclamation of General Grant and the arrival of Federal troops at St. Albans and Malone were too late to i>revent the collection and transfer of war- like stores, or an inroad into Camubi. The reproach of the invaded British territory and the dread of insult and robbery have thus been removed by a handful oi Canadians, and the Lieutenant-General does not doubt that such services will receive tlie recognition of the Imperial Government. The Lieutenant-tJeneral conurat (dates the militia upon this exhibit! .ii of their promptness, discipline and training, and in dismissing the men to their homes he bids tlnnii carrv with them the assurance that their manly spirit is a guarantee lor the defence of Canada." 7. — With th(> rei>ulse at Holhrook's. the demoralization of the Fenians Ix'came com- lete A large number ol I'nited ,,,,,, , ^ I'.llij nl thf r;ll.|. States troops, some six hundred, ,!'i';i',',''' "I'l'i'.'in'i'.'ill'iit had by this tim." (the -JSth) ii»' 'i'"'-"- arrived on the frontier, and nnmy of the " (fenerals" and other prominent leaders amongst the Fenians arrested, some of whom were bailed, and others committed to jail. IjarL;e seizures of arms, ammunition, (dothiim-, iScc, were maense" to yet rid ol them, and the i)eopli had to do the work yourselves until United States troops were sent to S(. Albans, Malone, .vnd, 1 believe, a few to the I'rontier, but they were of no use to you. They did not ])revent the Fenians enter- ing your country, and the gallantry of your militia alone did the work." These remarks gave areat umbrage to a portion of the press in England, which could not be servile enough in its laudations of the prompt interference of the Fniled Slates authorities; but they were just and well deserved, for the United States Govern- ment made no ell'ort whatever to prevent (he invasion, and I'resident Grant did not even issue his ])roclamation until it was too late to be of any service, and the United States troops did not arrive until three days after the Fenians had been l)eaten back into the United Stati's by the Canadian militia ; lltKn they vvere very uselul, but it was nioie in protecting their own peojjlc from robbery and violence, at th" hands of the miserable rabble, than in doing any serviie to (\iiuida. O'Neill, Starr, Thompson, and a lew others amongst the leaders of the Fenians, were tried at lUirliimto i and Uanandaigua, before Judge VVoodrulf, of the United States Ciicuit Court, f(mnd guilty of breaches of the neutrality law^s, aiul sentenced to various short terni.s of imprisonment and small lines, but were ahiiosf immediately "i)ardoned" by the President. And so ended the last attempt of the Fenians to invade Canada. CHAPTER XVII. TIIK (iOVKRN.MKNT OF SIR JOHN Y()l\(i_ TllK K.XI'HDITION TO RED RIVKR, lsT(i. 1. A MiMT.VltY lixi'KDITION TO RkD KlVKR l)KTKRMINI':i) ().\. — '^ AUHIVAr. OK GkNKUAI, Lindsay. Tiik tkkms o.n which thk E\i'i> UITUiN WAS SKNT. — :!. Pl!EI'Al?ATIONS Ki)lt Till-: E.XPKIIITID.N. — 4. TlIK MIMTIA CONTl.NdKNT. DiFKU'UI/rV IN KlLLINCi tiUK.HKC BaTTAI.IuN. — ."). Col l,E(Tl.\(i sri'I'T.IKS. CoLONKI, Wnl.- SELHY AIM'oliNTKD TO COM.MA.N'D TIIKE Xl'KDl- TION. — (!. TlIK liOUTE OF TIIK Exi'EDITlo.V. Cai'sk ok dki-ay. — 7. Stoppaok ok tiik " ClIICOltA ■' AT TIIK SaULT STK. MaUIK CA.NAI,. — 8. TiiK "Chicoka" allowku th rA.ss Tiiiiouoii THE canai,. — 'J. First ahkivai, m' TROOPS at PiiiNCK Arthur's La.\diN(i. L'on- DITloX OF TIIK ROAD TO SlIKHANDOWAN.— 10. Coh. VVOLSEIiKY UKCiDKS TO SEND TIIK lioATS HY W.VY OK THK KA-MINISTIQI'IA RiVKI!. -H. The causes ok i)ki,ay as kxpkained dy Mk. Dawso.v a.M) Coi.. W'oi.ski.ky.— 12. The START KROMShEHANDOWAN ON IOTH JlliV.— \-\. Thk Expedition on its way. Daily ROUTINE.— 14. Arrival at Fort Fra.mi,-*. Statk ok akkairs in the Skttlkment.— 15. i''Ro.M Fort Francis to Rat Portaiu:.— 10. Tiik t' .KHIN YOlXC TIIK KXI'KDITION TU IfKI) l.'l\ Ki;. ISTH. (>V I'KACK. TllH IIKALTII tiK TlIK TUOnl'S. Ti:Mi'i:i!ANt'i:. — lii. Thk i)iKKi(;i'i;r position (iK('orA)NEi,Woi,si;riKY. No en ii, authority. —20. WiTHDKAWAIi OK TIIK IIKCH'IviuatMil hcciimc coii- \ iiici'd Ihiit tht> Rod River Tit'l)ellioti was likely toassmiu' iivave proportions, pre- .Milihirv cspi'ililiiiii . ' , . ,, t„n,.i liiMi- piiratioiis lor s('iiaini>' a lorcc to tho feettlemciil, il necessary, on the opening- of navigation, were (juietly pro.ssed ' iiuward, and were in (juite an advanced state hciure it was nenerally known that any i>repar- ations were beinu' made at all, and lony bel'oro it was positively decided that an expedition would he ah.sohitely neces.sary. The news that lloii. Mr. Macdougall had hei-n stopped at I'em- l)ina on -'Ust October, 18(J9, was telegraphed to Karl (Jranvilli' on i-'ird Novein})er , a.idonthe 2i)lli another telegram was sent from the (lOVernor-General. saying that the Canadian j Government declined to accept the transferor tlie Territory until ordi'r was restored and pt'acral)le possession given, and asking that the I Proilamation ol' the transfer, which it had been agreed should be machMtn tho lirst of December, should be postponed. After some little negoti- ation this was agreed to, and both the Imi)erial and Douiinion Governments set them.selves eariie,siiy to work to restore order, as already related in a preeeding Chapter. Whilst en- deavouring in every way, however, to peace- fully settle the troubles by the negotiations of Coiunii.ssioners, representations were made by the Dominion Government to the Imperial authorities that the interpo.silion of the military miaht he necessary, and, on the r)th March, 1870, Karl (Iranville telegrai)hed to .Sir John Yoiinu' a.s Ibllows: — "Her Majesty's Government will i;ive proposed military assistance, jirovided rea,Miuahle terms are granted lied River Sett lers, and i)rovided ytuir Government enable Her I ^hiji stys Government to proclaim the transfer ol the Territory simultaneously with the inove- laeiitof the Force."' These terms were accei)ted and Lieutenaut-General Sir James l^indsay was sent out to take command of the Forces. In order to fa<"ilitate the operations, and to obviate the delay which would necessarily arise if the arrangements between the two Governments were conducted by telegrai>h or despatch, Earl (JranviUe commissioned Sir Clinton Murdoch, who was on his way to Washington, to consult with Sir John Young as to details, and thus save time, as it was determined that if the troops had to go to lied River they must i)e l)a(k in time to return to England before the winter set in, in accordaiic*^ with the proposed withdiawal of the troop.s — of which we will treat in the next chapttM'.^'* In the instructions to Sir Clinton, I'^arl Granville said, " Troops should not be empl()yed in forcing the Sovereignty of Canada on the population, should they refuse to admit it," and this instruction was thorouuhly adhered •Tliu followinit is ii m\>y of m contiiUMitiiil ilcfinilcti IVoin Ivirl lininvillo tuSir.lolin Voun.?, on thi' suli.iect iil'Sir Clint. in .Nlur.lui'h'.^ iiiisfidii :— DuHNiM. Siici.Kr, j.',nl .Maii'li, ISTil. StR,— A» tlie .len.-ion iiii|>riiahi'M iil wliii'li il will lic' p..-sili!i' t" il<'sMit('li troiijis III the l{"il Kivor .■^ottlfiiionl, I lliul iii.\soll' Piiiliiirrii.lii-it iiil'iTiiiDtion n'SjiLH-liiiK tl)C views ol' ytnir Uuveriinioiit on lUiittL'r.H whicli oiiKlit to liL' ile.'i, It'll on bol'nri! Ilt'i" Muju.sty'?' (lovurntneiil takod jiiirt in snoli iin expeililiin. .Anion.; these lire : The time at whieh tlie (.'iinmlian Ocvi'rnnu'nt will he prepaieil to take over the lliiil.oi)'.< l!ay territory ; the iin-anKoincnts lor Kovernini; it ilnrinK the short interval hetween it.s surruinler by the Coni|iany aiiil its anne.xation to Camilla : the time of its union with Canail i : the a|)|Mirtioninent of the cost of the expe- ilition, if it should lie foiiiiil ahsoiulely necessary to semi oih' : anil ihi' arraiiKOinents for provisioning: the Imiierial troojis diiriiiK the lour inotiths of their sojourn in the Ueil River .Settlement. All these are inaiters on whieh inisapprohension lU'iy exist, or ililferenees arise ; ami I am very .ippreheiisive loi^t. at a eritii-al inoincn:, Her .Miije.sty't) lio\crnini'iit may he plaeeil uiuler the alternative of ilelayinif an operation in wliii-h time is ot paramount i in porta nee, ur of refusing; their assistaiiee. or of Kivin^Mlial assislaiiee without any as nranee that what they hohl to he its inili-|iens- able eontlit'ons are aerepteil by the iiovernmeut of the Ihnninion The discussion of siieh ipiest'ons eaniiot lo eondueled by telcfratn. and it would be tot) late t ronilnet them by despati'li, evi'n if the iiiformaiiDii as yet received from you indie. tted the t>oints to whieli I otiKht (o address myself. It is, therefore, fottiinate that 1 amahie to eommiinicato with you more fully than could be done by writiim, throuKh Sir Clinton Mur- d eh, the Chairuian of the lOmikM'ation Hoard, who is ahoiit to iirocecd, at the Karl of i!?larondoirs re luest. to \\'ashin.rlon. to ncLMiti.ite a convention with the liovernintnl of the United .Stales rcspeelim.' ' Nir e irriinie of pii.s- senKer.s, and has hastened his journey in order to be aiile (o visit Ottawa on his way. While in .\merica 1 have instructed him lo obtain all the inlbriualion he can e.incerniiiit the workiiitf of the prcseul regulations respectiuK I'lniitralion to i;an Ilia, and in paiticular emi 'erjiini,' the Free llraiil .system, which is an oliject of eonsideralile iiiliTest at pr.'-cut in this country, liiil 1 have also inl'orinod him unreservedly of ihe vii'ws ol Her .\lajosly'« Oovcrn'oent in rebition to the lied liiver Settlement ; and 1 think that if, after free eommnnicalion with him. you entertain any aiiprehonsion as to the conclusion ol ex|ilieit and salislaetnry arraiiw montii, especially with reiturd to the iinesti.ins to w icli I have above adverted, you will beat lihcrly to detain biiii at Ottawa until all sneh apprehensions are removed. I have, .Vc, (mA.NViMdi;. Sir.loiix Vol Ml, Hart., (I.e. II., in:, \ii., iiO- \ m il ;!lrL H; V ■ i: ''Pi, rib ij:ii I % 4 w ».''> ! ! ■! ^ ' I V 171 TrTTMVS IIISTOIIY OF TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA. to, so tlmt, it vviis only al'tor iiiTaiint'jnc-nls hsul hci'ii very iicMiIy coiinjlclcd with thf Delegates, ivml tli«'rr scciiii'd to ln' cvfiy prohiibilit.y iJiiit CaiiiMliiiii autlioiity would l>v (|uiotly ackiiovv- it'dut'd, lliat liiial oonsont to the use o|' the ImiM-rial Iroops was givi'ii. 2.— On 111.' .same day (J!id March) that insliTiclions wi'ic issm-d l)y Earl (iraiivillf to . . , ,,, , Sir Clinton Murdoch, a lotttM- Arrival i»i < ii'iiiT.-il • 'n'whi'iiTi',?'' ''■'■'''' was achlrcsscd to (he War ( XRcc KM„.,ii,i..M„,,s-,.„i. ,,^, the Colonial Sccr.'tarv, on ihc su])j('il ol' till' proposed expedition, in which the loUowing- i)araii'raph occurs: "General Uudsay will consult Sir J. Younu' with regard to the selection of the iorce itseli', and ol' th(> ollicer who is to command it, on wIiomc lirniiu?ss, prudence and jiuliiiiient much may de;)end. The selection ol' the ollicer will he still more important il", as is possil)le, tht> C.uiadian (lov- erument shoidd desire him to act as the iirst Civil Licuteiiant-Governcu' ol' the district." We shall have to rel'er to this jjaragraph I'urthor on. (leneral Lindsay arrived in Canada on the .")th April, and at once i)ut himsell" in com- munication with the Goveriior-tieneral, aiul th(^ composition ol' the force was ai>'reed on. At iirst it was proposed to send 2<)0 to 2'>() regulars, and ahoi't Too volunteers, the Dominion (lovern- mciil jiayiuL;- Ihree-iourths of the expense; hut, on the recommendation ol' Ceneral Lindsay, and witli the consent ol' the IJritish (iovernment, the numhi'r of regulars was im'reased to o'.iO, the Canadian Government payin to he authorised to pay , €300,000 at once, and her Majesty's Government to he at liherty to make Iransl'ers hel'ore the end ol' June. II. Her Majesty's Governuwut to pay expense ol' ]»ritish troops only, not exi'eedin<>' 250, and Canadian (iovernment the rest, sending at least r)00 trained men. III. Caiuvdiau Government to accept deci.'siou of Her Majesty's Government on all disputed points ol' tile Settlers" Mill of Kights. IV. Military arranii'ements to he to the s„.;s- f'action ol" (leneral Lindsay." Oil the rourih oi May instructions were sent to Sir John Ro.se to pay over the ,t:500,000 to the Hudson's Mi.y Company (which was dcme on the (devcniii), and on the sixth a telegram was .sent hv l']:iri Granville to Sir John Young that the troops may pioceed. ;{. — Meanwhile cveiything was being pre- pared for the intended expedition. Earlv in the winter instructi(ms were „ . , , I'M'I'iinit (111- 1. 11- ilii given hy the Department of ''•"" '""• I'nhlic Works to Mr. S. J. Dawson to uel every- thing ill readiness so that operations co'dd he <'ommenced as .soon as navigation opened. It was decided that thi^ route followed should he that formerly adopted hy the North- West Com- pany, before its amalgamation with the Hudson'-i IJay Company, by way of Lake Superior, Lake Shebandowan and the lakes and rivers U> Fort Garry. This route had not been used tor trallic for a long while. Lit it had been carel'ulJv examined during the pievious years by Mr. Dawson, with a view of oi)ening communication with the North-West through Canadian territory, and a road from Fort William, on Thunder \\a\ , to Lake Shebandowan had been laid oiil and more than half completed, while, at the otiier end of the route, the Government surveviM> under Mr. Snow, had laid out a road from Win- nipeg to the North-West corner of the Lake ol' the Woods, and this was, also, in course of cmi- struction. I']arly in January contracts for buiM- ing one hundred boats, suitable for lake a ml river navigation, were given out to vaiious bout builders lliroughont Ontario and (Quebec, and the work was pushed rapidly on during the winter.* Tlie boats varied in length from 2') to '.)'■) feet, witii a Itreadth of beam from li m •Till' liii:lts were Imilt liy (lie i'linawilltf luirlic-i lll tlu' liltU'r- ii.'llili'il : Siiiiiiii'l l.i'Vfs. 'I'liniiito. I'l ; .liihii Cli'iiili'iiiiiiiif. 'ri>i'i>iilii..'l: .Inliii CImiI'- !!• rrio, .'i; Williiini WmII, C.illiiiKW.icnl, '.i : II. lie it, CnMiiiiiH i. i': iM.'ii'liii Sti'lly. nuiiiilliMi. I: I is Sliikliinii, Si. I'lithoiiiiii.". i>: Al< v.m Alllli^•, I'nrl DiiMiMii.H,., I; W. Wiiki'il.v, I'.Ml n.inioii-ir.a; .r. .Mrl'i I'lii'l L)alli>^.i.si>!, 1 ; liciiiRii Aiill, Wi'lliiml, 1(1; .M. Miiri'h, Owiiii SuiiimI. '' COVHilNMHNT OF SIW JOHN YorN(i -TIJK KXPKDITION To Hi;i» JnVKR. ISTn. 175 7J liiit, (l('i)th IVorii ;!0 to •">") inches, iiud wcro , raiitihlc of (;arvyini>' Iroia twelve to lilteou mon j, 1111(1 their outlitN, iind Iroiu 21 to 4 tons oi' livjnlit : luul it heint^ ai'torwiinls t'oimcl that 11 L;n'Mter number would be recjuirod, forty Mdilitiiiiiul boats were ordered. Work on the Tliundcr Bay road was also pushed forward ii> iiiuih as the season and tho nature of the loc'litv would permit, and the l)ridges com- l)l( i,mI as far as possible. As it was found that the iiisuiacnts might atlemi)t to tamper with I 111' Saiteaux Indians, throuah whose territory the expiditioii would have to pass, a trusty agent WHS sent irom fort William to Fort Francis to endeavour to keej) up friendly relations with tiiat tribe. \ larn'i' numl)er of voi/a'^-eiin were , iiiso eiiiiaged to maiuiiie aiul navigate the boats, ! iiiul iiriaimements made for moving the force to Tliuiider Bay as soon as navigation ::.hould be open. 4. — (Irave apprehensions were entertained as to ihe practicability of standing a large l)ody of I |.|„, jiiiiij. troops by the proposed route, ' IS:^!:*:!!^.. which, tor a distance of two '■'" " hundred miles, had never been travei-.scd by any vessel larger or stronger than a l);irk canoi'; aiul the chief ofiicers of the Hudson's 15ay Company, who w^'re supiwsed to 111' \V(dl acquainted with the country, had (Icrhired it to be imin'actieable for their boats. So liviieial was this opinion as to the character of tlie route, by Lake tSuperior, and so lirmly '\ lixed had it beconu'. that the Imperial Govern- iiuiit on two occasions sent troops by way of , Hudson's Bay to Fort (larry, onei' in 184ti, when ! Colonel Crol'ton led a wing of the Sixtieth from j York Factory, and again, in 18.")7, when some ; companies of the Canadian liilles were sent by the .same route. This belief was not, however, I shared by Colonel Crol'ton, who comnuuuled liie expedition of 1. 4t!, and in his testimony I hi lore ii Parlianu'iitary Committee in England, I 111 ls,'(7, he unhesitatingly pronounced in favor I ol ihe route from Fort William to Fort Garry •M. o'i;,,n„;,|,, Kiii^-si,,,,, ,-,; a. Mcroikcll, KiiiifsliMi, 7; W. C. Kiui|>|>. kiim.'loii. I; W. I'liwor ,V' (!o., Kiiiitslciii, J ; viirinus iiiirlics iil IfImiuI iil "rlr.iiis, ic. Ti>liil, l(i'.>. ii'. preference to the route from York Factory, saying that he had been over both, and he con- sidered that it was far easier to take troo|)s by the former than the latter. Mr. Dawson, also, was very coniiileiit as to Ihe practicability of the route, and the result showed thiit he was ({uite correct in his assertion that troops could be taken in that way without any insurmount- able dilheidty. On the sixteenth of April an Order in Council was pa.ssed providing for the raising, arming and eipiipping of the militia Ibrce which was to form part of the expeclition. Tliis force, it was dettn'miiieil, should consist of two battalions, ol i!-")!) nrn-commissionetl oiiicers and : men each, one to be taken from Ontario and one from , '), (!, and three coiu|)anies I'ldui No. 7; the men all to rendezvous at Toronto, proceed thence by rail to Collingwood, aiul from that point em])ark for Thunf-< in Red River. The French Canadian nu'ml)ers of the Cabinet were not very hearty in their sup- port of the expedition ; tht* French Canadian members of the House, as a geiieral thing, were opposed to an expedition, thinking it an un- necessary display of force for ni> purpose, as the French Half!)reeds in the Settlement would oiler no resistance to the authority of Canada if they were fairly treated; and the peoi)le of Quebec generally determined that, if they could not prevent the expedition, they would, at least, Wi TinTI.KS HISTORY OK THK DOMINION oK CANAhA. not tiiki' i>iul in il ; and so tlm Quohcc bntlalion was very slow in luiininii, and had, a* last, to }>»' lillcd np with discharged men IVoni Ihi' Ifoyal Canadian liillcs and vohmtotMs iiom Onlaiio. iJencial l.indsay in a n'j)ort to the War Oliitc, dated 'JTth May, says: — "Tlie division ol' the Militia portion ol' the Fune into iwo hattalions, one I'roin (hitario, the other IVom (^uebee. and the apportionment of the niimln-r ol' volunteers required (700) l)elween seven Militia Districts in the Provinces ol' Ontario and (Quebec was, 1 presume, made lor sectional and reliiiious rea- sons. This political measure has greatly delayeil •' " I'ormation ol' the Quebec IJattalion, which, as I write, still wants 58 to comi)lete, though I have assisted it in every possil)le way by lend- ing;' Stali'-Sersieants from the Tloyal Canadian U'illes and by hastening the disi harge ol' other men ol' that Corps, that thoy miiiht volunteer to the Militia I'or the expedition. 01' the 2!t2 men in its ranks, not more than one-rourth, at most, are French Canadians.* 5. — As early as the eleventl ol' March an Order in Council was passed authorizing the ,, „ ,. ,. imrchase ol' i)rovisions lor the !M!lHSnlo"'''M'''m- proposed expedition, and Lieut.- '"""'""•''•-'" '"""• Colonel Wiley, ol' the Militia Dei)artmeiit was entrusted with this duty, which he performed .so well that by the twelfth of April he had made arrangements for having the •Tin' folldwiiiK roMirii I'l' lirill iinulu'.W.v As':-iH(jint ItriKaile .Mn.inr \'\ MiM-U'iiil, on J.trtt .Itiiio, IHTII. Kives the niitiniinl ty and rolittion (i t))ittiilii'iiti ; — .\aiiii\.\ijtv. bl liiitl. 2ni 1. lintfli^i T'l 2. Irii ■lanios f botli I Halt. 71 :i. Ki-Dl.'h I. liiini ill Ciiniul:i iil— (a.) I'JiiKlixli paroijts (1).) Irifh (0.) Scutch I.XI Intt •Jii.i ItiUt. .%•> lU (Vi i;i) T). Itorn i)t' I'^nttlif^ti-^pcaliinK CiiniKliaii parcnih- (i. Itorii itt KroDcli-CaiuHliaii iiarunln V. FnrciKiior.", hut natural zimI Hrilicli KuUicctn S. Ilrili.''li HUll.lovt^', hul ullnruign imruntx ItKI.KJKlX. I. l'iipto,«tanl'. 1'. Uoinan Cathulic. ;);; llvl III .'I 3 I 356 IS ;wj ■.m •This, prosuinalply. ini'luilis all ilcniiininalinn)' BXt'opI Itnniaii Cal idlii'O. -Ki.. waggons, horses, oxen, hay, iVc, provided, ami had made contracts for the supply of llonr. pork and other arti.des needed for the expcdilicui.* As soon as it was .settled that Imperial tmops would form a portion of t!ie expedition, if it went. Assistant Controller Irving was sent rroin l']iigland to take ehariiv of the Control l)r|i;nt- meiit, aiul arrived in Canada on tin; lifteeinli of April. On the twenty-second tenders lor siip- jilics were advertised for and eontrMits awarded on the second and third of May. lu his ollicial report Assistant Controller Irviiiir says: "The supplies obtained were reasonahlc in cost, and gave entire satisfaction tlinmulirtut the expedition ;" and Colonel Wolseley i. his rcjiort to the Military Secretary, Montreal, dated twenty-sixth of September, 1S70, says: '■ 1 can conlid.ently say that no body of lighting men on service were e\ er better fed. or their wiint.s belter i>rovided for, than were those comprising the Red River force." There has been con- siderable disposition in some (|uarter8 to throw blame on the (^uiadian authorities for mis- management in connection with the expedition; but il is well to note that the n//iri(il re|;orts do not bear out these charges, exi-ept in one iiistanco, with regaril to horses and collars, whicl. we will refer to presently. On liie eleventh o'' April, in his lirst communication to the Governor- General, GeniM-al Lindsay had sugiicstcd the the name of Colonel Wolseley, Di-puty Quarter- master-General in British North America, as '. Commander of the Forces, which recommemlii- ' tion was accei)led and Colonel Wolseley up- pointed. He left Moiitre ..1 on lb- fourth of May, and wi'ut through to Collingwood to inspect the pn'i>arations for embarkation there, and to pro- ' ceed to Thunder Jiay, for which jilace some of the stores and provisions had already started. i (i. — Everything connected with the expedilioii was now being pushed forward with the utnmsl • Ily Ciiliinol Wilny'n icpiirl lo (ionnral l.iiiijsfty, dalnil ll!lli .Vpril, il «I)|i(iar« thai th« lollowinK Knoil« had liucii ciinlractud liir liy liiiii -.I'm' hiirrelf 111' Hour ; l.Vim liarrolcof pork ; :;ii \vak'Kon,.p ; :)il sols iil liaint'w ; 1" carls; 10 scis ul'liarnus; 70 liorHcs ; '.'I nxcii ; Vi) Ions ot' hay ; li.in" huslu'ls of (lals. As llic«ur. pink ('(liliipii* al Irooiis idii, ir it <('iil IVdiu .1 I)rl.;iit- ricciiiii oi s I'or Ml)!- colli nuts Mi.y. Ill cv Irving- I'li-^oiialiL' iVnUlilliilll Icy i, li^ rcal,(l;!li'' ■llSOil Willi tli>' ("Ton KIJNMKNT OI" Sli; .lOlIN VoINC TllK KXPKIHTION TO KKD KlVKi;, JSTO. I' ' Tlio nulli'"! Ill' K\|>nlilh>ll Call-. ■■! iJi'lii.V' rapidity: volf.ntoois wen' bciiiyr oiii()lli'd,i'(|uippt'd and diillod at Toronto ; stores and provisions wiMc hi'iii^' follocted as rapidly sin possible at Collinuwood, aiiii, on the :{rd oi' May the stiaiiii'r Aliitimii Icjt I'or l-'ort William with i caii;o oi' stores and 140 voi/it'^eiiri^ and workmen to uo on with the road from Tliuii(h-r IJay to Like Sheliandowiui. It will he us well here to bii 'lly sketch the route to ho lollowod to roach I'ort G«iTy from Toronto, the whole distanee hi'inu' about 11')!' miles. The '.irst !»4 miles Iroiii 'i'oronto to CoUino'Wood was to bo done by rail. Iroin ('ollin,a;wood io Fort WiHijun on Tliiiiider Bay, Lake Superior, M\ iinies, \> as by steamer ; I'rom theiiee to Shel)andowaii Lake, 48 miles, by tl>e road which Mr. Dawson had partly oomploted ; and IVom LakoShobandowan, bv way oi' numerous lakes and rivers, and over fori \-se\ I'll portau'es, a distance ol' about 470 iiiilfs, to l''ort (Jarry. The task was a diliiiuH oiii' and could only be accomplished by pluck. pi'iseverance and hard work. The most dillicull portion ol' the route was the Ibrty- I'iirlii miles intovvenin^' ])etvveeii Fort William and Lake Shebaiidowan, and it was here thai the i>reat delay to the expedition iMvurred. The ("ommaiider ol' the expedition Iried to blame llie Dominion Government for this delay, even o()iiin' so I'ar — anonymously — as to rliar<>-e the Minister of rublie Works (Hon. II. \j. Lano'ovin) with attompting' to prevent the I expi'dition by not havinu,' the road completed,* ! ''Ill Mr. S. ,1. Dawson, iSuperintendont of the ; load, and many others who accompanied the I'xpeditioii, laid the blame on Colonel Wolseh-y, who would not carry out the programme as oriiiiiially made out, but varied it by having the boats dragged up the Kaminisliquia lliver ' *"Tlii} i'f)n:«trii(itinn of tliia muit WftH umlor tlio miiiorintoiuKMioo nf tlic ' Piililii- Work.s Dti|iartiiu'iit, tho Kontloiiiiin rfiiresuiitiiiK which in tliu -Miiiii-try wii>' a Kroni'h-Ciiiiiuliah, iiiiil known til ho hoiirtiiiiil ,^m:' witti Ihr I'liislly party in tjiiuhcc. anil Ihoicl'iiro iiniMt laviiriibly ' n'linml In Kid .Mi'ii III' a !iui'iiiu.'< turn nl' niinil liuKHn In siiy that Iho lactuf I Ihiiro liciiit' no mail ri'iiily I'lir imr ailviin™ was (iiirl anil paiccl of a luili- , lii'iilsriieiiii' wlieriihy tlio ilia larlnni ul' Iho oxpej tinn niiKht liii Htoppcil ; allnKi'iliiM-." Kxliaot rrniii an arlii'U' onlilloil " Narralivu ol' tho Hod j lli^'i'r K\|>oili(iiin,"piililifihoil in !)liifkwi>:,tl'H .l/nfouiiiiliir January, INTl, I; mliiiillril to h.ivo liuiMiwritlrii by Culonol Wnl.soloy. 20 instead ol" completing tho road, and then ha\ ing tho l)oats taken over it by waggon to Sheban- tlowan Lake. As to tho condition ol" tin- road, Mr. Dawson, in his official report, says: 'The distance between these i)laees (rrinco Arthurs Landing and Lake Shcbandowan) is forty-live miles by hvnd, l)ut for three miles downwards from Shebandow^an Lake to a point now called • Ward's Landiiur, the Matawin River, altlioiuih presenting a series of shallow rapids, is naviuable to flat scows, or liglitly loaded l)outs. Wards ' Landing was, therefore, tho point to be attained I with the road, as from thence to Shebandowan ! Lake material and supplies could be rom eyeil in scows, which had been provided for Iho piirpose. The precise distanee between Prince Arthur's Landing, Thunder Hay and Wards Landing is forty-one miles and seventy chains, of which a section of twenty-ei<:ht miles was \ practicable to horses with waggons, on the I arrival of the iirst detachment of troops. But, j for the sake of lucidity in description, let the I waggon road bi> considered as ending al a place called tho Matawin Bridge, twontv-iivo miles from Thunder Hay, as that is the point to w hich tho waggons, in tho lir.ing cleared on our arrival. There were thus throe sections of road, more or loss advanced, vi/. : twenty-live miles of waggon road, followed by twelve miles of what is known in such cases as ox-road, and four miles and seventy t hains of road under process of being opened; in all, forty-one miles and seventy chains " (V)lonel Wolselo)', on his arrival, seems to have boon quite satisfied with the condition of the road, and its state of progress; for, in his report to General Lindsay, dated 27th of May, after saying that he had ridden over tho road, and minutely describing its condition and what romainod to bo done to it, ho concludes: " Altogether the road is better than I expected, although some- what longer, for instead of being forty it is •M m\- ! il 'f u i I ! J' m !l I M I in' :l A I7H TIITLK'S IIISTOltV ol'TIIK hOMINION Ol" ( ANA DA. Miili)iiiK" (it lhi> •MMih'i.rH " lit. tilt! Sii'ilt Slu iMiirid t'aniit. I'citiiiiily loiiy-livc or lorty-six miles l((ni>'." 7. — Most, ol our iciulcis iirc douhth'ss ;i\Viirt> that ('(>lliiii'\\(M>y the St. Mary K'lver, whiili loruis |>art of (he boundary line helwceii the State ol' Michigan and the Domi- nion. The river is navinahle except in one place, where there is a eanal, on the Ameriean side, two miles and a hull' lony, and all vessels passiiiii' i'rom one lake into the otluu' have to j uo tliroun account ol" the; unlrieiidly ieelinu- exisliiu;- helween the i'nited Slates aiul Great Mrilaiu, and the open sym- pathy shown hy the I'ormer lor the rehels in the iNorth West, it was aniiripaled that vessels earryinjr troops or munitions ol' war mii^ht be slopped at the Sault, — althou<>h the Amerii'uus had heen allowed diirinu' their rel)ellion to transport troojjs as well as warlike material throu<:;'h our canals — and arranj^'omeiits were partially ma(h' I'or a i)ortauc road opposite the canal, hy which the troops could march across and meet the steamer at the other end ol" the rapid, she having, in the meanwhile, •••one through the eanal. The lirst steamer to arrive, the Algoinii, was allowed to i)ass through withtnit question, and proceeded on her way to Fort Willifun, hutdid not return to ("ollingwood, as it was ihouuht most prudent to keep her on Lake Sui)erior in the event ol' any trouble occurring at tiie canal. The wisdom ot this arrangement was soon shown, I'or when (lie Chirora arrived at the Sault, on the eleventh instant, she was n^l'usiMl permission to pass through, and her stores, tSre., landed on tlio British side ol' the river, where they had to 1)0 ])ortaged about three miles and reshipped lor Fort William in the Algoma. This un- I'riendly act ot the United States authorities caused considerable inconvenience! and some delay, but could not materially chock the pro- gress o)' the expoditirn ; the viti/nn^eun and workmen brought u]) by the Ckii o at once went to work to improve the portaii'c road !ind build a small wharf I'or (ionvoniencci in landing, and in a short time the goods were taken across. It had never been inlenijeil h, attempt to taki> any troops, arms or aniniuiiiliuii throuuh the canal, but only provision-, \'c., and nothing else was on board at the lime .sji,. was r.'I'used adniittance. 8.— On .,i'nthor May the lirsl dri:i, h- ment of troop.-, .onsisting or('omi)anies I hikI I. (hitario Battalion lel'l Toronto ,. /Ill- 1 I ""■ " Clih-i.rii " II lor (ollingwood, luuler com- .im..»i-.ii ., ,,.,,, 11)1, 1 llll'illk'll lilli iMIIill, maud ot Colonel Isoulton, and, about !> p. m. the same eveiiinii', embarked en the Chirord for Fort William. On arrival ;it the Sault th(( troops, stores. \'c., were landeii on the liritish side, and Ihe Chirora taken over la the canal empty, but was aiiaiii rel'u.seij ad- mittance. General Cook, who commanded the American troops stationed at tin- canal wa.s polite, but very decided in his refusal. lie .said In Cidonel Houlton, " My instructions are absolute, nothing whatever conne;li Minister at Washington, and he represented lo \ the American Government that no attempt had \ been, or would be, made to pass troojis er munitions of war through the canal, and tlial the exjjedition was piindy one of peace, and \ that vessels ought not to be ])revented rrmii ' taking ordinary freigh'. On this rei)resentaiieM the em])argo was removed, and the Chiror ValUilt)l<' ( iiiio Ii;i(| hi'i'ii lost, liowfvt'r, and lliis was ilic lirsl ilici k In tlu' |>r()iiri's8 ol' Ihf cxiicdition. !•— On (he S(li of Miiy the Ahj^otini ;iniv<'il ! lit Fort Williiiin wilh a poition ol' Mr. Dawson's lir-i .iiiv.ih.tii; ^ vi>!/iif!;e.i(rs and workmen, wlio I 'imL-'. ('MM.iiiiuii went into lanip ahoul tour niili's siiii..iM.i..«.iM. I'roin Fori William, when' tin' tiTiiiiiius ol' lilt' road to Sh('l>andowan was, and soiiii i:(>t lo work on tin* road, i'rcsli arrivals ('(iiislaiitly iiUi>'Ui(!ntinu' tlic number. ( >n lite lilsl May Company (J, ol Ihc Odtli IJillcs, left CdlliMiiWOod in the Clnrorit, Colonel Wolscdey and stair also goinu' on th« .same trip. The Sault was reached on the 'Jord, and the camp iilpiive l<'ort \Villiam on the -JSth, this Ijeinj"- the liisl (lelachnient of soldiers to reaeh this point. i p to this lime tho (3amp had heen de.signated as (lovernment l,andin<^-, hut Colonel Wolseley, on his arrival, yave it the more euphonious name of "Prince Arthur's I^an(liniiuli|ii> licrs wiih iltic \ llli' M 111 ii will )c)Ul t\Vn iiiL;-. till' s I'nnii till' (Hiiili'it'd, well' I'vcr it iiiili'-^, pciirliciil );il,s. Tlu' ill! ciilli'il linn-, ;|11(1 rlliiT (liv s, lli>' viv'T Im'oiii IIh' tliii'j, I'lur iiii.l Mil on. Til'' («i- l'>:iy til ; l.y till' Iv st'\rllly ucrul'l'i'il ~k)iiii(lii\vaii. h IS2 T[TTTLH'S TIFSTOUY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. owiuM's dl' tliosi' stcaiiicrs, wms instrut'tod to hoicl on 1111(1 make lloi^•^illl^■l'm^•nts, as tlie I'ostmastcr- GiMH'iul would iiiukM'lakt' ihc duly ol' hiring del (stoaniovs.* Tin; Lioutciiaiit Gcnoral having- thcrel'orc no authority to enter into any asiree- meiil AvitJi the owners oi' the ('liicitra, that steamer started inunedialely on her reguhirtrip for Thunder Hay. A Itliouuh she had no military i>quii)ment on board, slie was prevented by the United States authorities i'roui nassinii' throuyh the canal at Sault Ste. ]\Iarie ; she therel'ore i returned to Collingwood. Thisaction on the part I ol' the United States (lovernnieut necessitated : the organization of a Laiul Transport Service at the Sault. lor the conveyance ol' all our supi)lies Ironi the lower to the upper end of the Portage a distance of about ;).| miles. * * * It was j not until late at niiiht on the twell'lh of May, I thai, I received instructions from Ottawa. ! authoriziim- nu> to send forward troops. f!y ! the earlv train next mornin"- I despatched ii ; Lieutenant-Colonel lioultou to Collingwood to { I superintend iitting up the Chicnra for the con- \\ i veyance of as many horses as she could carry, h I She .sailed on the day following with troops and j h(jrses, together with a large amount of stores : I Tile steaiiuM' Wdifbano followed on the sixteenth [• I whh two additional com|)anies of militia, all to ' be stationed at the Sault Ste. Marie until the j troops and stores had. j)assed Ihrouuh. * # * ! The subse(iue)it despatch ot the force had to I conform to the dates ol' sailing of the regular ^ line ol' steamers, plying in their accustomed manner, one upon every lilt h day. l)etween Jiakes Huron and Superior, those vessels never bi'ing entirely at our tlispo.sal, but carrying private freight and passengers along with our stores. ' * * * You will ])erceive by the above statement, that a week was thus lost in despatch- ing the iirst detachnu^'nl, owing to the nou- i approval by the Dominion Government of the arranu'enient made in the Iirst instance by the Lieutenant-Geiierid Commanding f )r lake trans- l)ort, and that considerable delay was sub- i sequently occasioned by the closing of the canal to our vessels. The second imjwirtant cause ol delay was, I considiM-, the want of a road between Thunder Bay and Shebandowaii Lake, by means of which we could have sent forward , our supplies. The original plan of mililarv ^ operations was based upon the b.'lief that the road between those ])laces w^ould be open lor tralhc alons' its entire length before the 1st of June.* 1 write this on the Dlth of Jul v. and it is now only cut t)ut as far as this camplMhout three miles from the lake), whilst .some miles of it between the ( tsicondage Creek and Youim's Landing are still practically useless as a high- way forcoiistant and heavy traiiic."' 12. — Towards the end of June it began to he ! feared that the expedition would have to he abaudoiu'd, .so slow was the , ,1 T The .-^tHrl It'Min proii'ress, and so small appeared siioi)iinii...viiiiiiiuiio the probability oi tlie regular troops beinu' al)le to return in time to emhark ' for England before winter set in ; but, on the 20th, General Lindsay visited Thunder Hay, i and new energy seemed to be inl'used into j * 'I'lli' t'i'tiii ix Sniilfi Wii.-' .^lll)^rii'U'lirl.\ I'li^'aKt'iI .■INI I tlluiU" nni' trip h> I lie Siiiill, liiit (tit> <\i|>tiiirMvi(.-<.>tu h'i|i |irn\i>^<>ii, in iiii " .-VdilL-iulii '' to hi..: ri'iiort (vvl'ich the ,Ji> iit C..iti- inittuu on I'linliiin dtn-iilod not tn print), untiri.ly cttnti"mllct.< liii.- ^t.■^le- nu'nt, anil .-iu.Ns (ii.-j liis ropin-t fUMrI.v .sliovvs) ihiit tliu iiiilitiiry iiutlioiitir.- wei't.' thMrou>:hl>' a^'iinainted with thu u.Xiii'L contlitiun (it the mail limt! biil'ire thcM^xpoilitiiin ."tartol, ami that th('.v l(nuw tin: intonliiin \va.« t" iMiiiijilutt' tlio piirtiiin I'nim .Matawin Hridiro to .Slioliatnhiw.in Lake wliil.'^t tho sliiros WLMf hi'init t iki'O over thi' lini.ilie 1 portion I'loni 'riiiiinliT liay to .Malawin liriclwo— whicli he ehiinisi I'lmlil have been i one if lliu iiiiiiiuiiiri liad not lieen taken Irmn tlieir proper work to draK boats up tliu Kamini.'itiiinia He says;— ' Itelore leavinu Ottawa, it wa." t'lilly on Iir- st I, with tlie Coiuiiiander iil'the l''iohl Koree, that a." many of the iiiili- t ir.v as eonld ennvonieiitly lie employed .should be detailed to .tid in i'"m- pleiinir the road to Shebandowan. NotwithflaiidinK this aKreenient, il will be seen hy relerenee to my report what value ol' labor and aid ua^ roeoived frotn the military. This, however, is but u small lualler :i- M ilitiiry labor to aid in the eunstruetion olthe unllniiihed part of thu real waa not necessary to its early eompletion. for whieh amtile provision liail boonmiideindependeiitly of it, but it was most desirable in order tolia?ltii the work lorwiird. Ilnvinu been led to e.xpeet and ealeulale uiuni it. ami not receivirw it. was ot small eonseiiueneo, lio\vi-ver inpare,l with the I'aettbat I was depriveil ofthe serviees I'orllial pnriionenf ill t hve liiiii- drod of tho very best id' tho vnt/nnfurit, who were relied upon for work mi tho road, but were luit, instead, to |iroIitle.-s— anil to men who Knew it tone worse than useless heart breakinu task of draKKi'iK the boats up the ri\e:. Had these men been left at road woi k, 1 have no hesitation in sayini.'tliai ii Kreat deal of tinio would have been saveil in the progress of the e.\|n'. bouts, .Ve.. had been iieeiimiilated at tho end of tho hrst thirty mile--, adinitlod to bo linisbed, the foree of workmen on the balanee of the oiail would have eomiili'ti'd that too. Hut, on thu eontrary, a vast iiiover 'H available labor was expended on iinproduefi\e w<>rk, harassing heyoinl inoasiire to the men iind terribly destructive to the sole means of trans- port, on which alone the o.\podition do|iended I'ur the Ioiik joiiiiiiy l>> which thix was hut llio Katoway." nt( iiui- tliiiiilii.'> n Wii.'' t" !■ whilst I'lniii'ler ic il' ilie \< lliu V iinltT til ill- I 111 i-"Ul- iMlllllll, it , II ill Wli" I latlur s\f riliu luiil i^^ii.ii liiiil tiliii.-li'ii III it, mill Willi till' live liun- r wnlli I'll iivv it til lie tlii'iiM!:, iiiiilliiii » I,. fXIU'ili- i|.|.lii-. rty lllili'^ f tllp lllll'l liiiWlT III K lii'yi'liil 111' tniiis- iiiinii') 111 (i()VKI{NMKNT OI" S|[{ .lOlIN Y(»rN(i— THI-: KXl'KDITK >N 'VO IJKh IMVKi;, IS70. l.s;i the uiult'vtiikiiig. Oi) the ,5th of July hcad- (jniirti'is wtMc removed to Matawiu Ih'idge, whevt^ a larye quantity of stores was by this time collected, mid the Kith was lixed as the the date of the departure of the first l)ri!>ade of boats from McNeill's Landinu', Shebaudowau Lako, the point of linal departure. The work wns hard, and rendered all the more so l)y the fretiueiit rains, — it raint-d on twenty-three days between the 1st of June and the Itlth of July* — hut the men i)erformed it willinu'ly ;iiul cheeriully, and were in excellent spirits at the idea of fairly start inn-, for, once on tlie lake, [ I hoy knew that their prouress would be more ' nipid. aiul their life more pleasant than it had j brcu wiiile engaa-ed road-making aiul traiis- ptirling stores. 'I'lie start took place at nine ' (I'clork on the evening of the Itith of Julv ; 1 ami we cannot do better than copy the deserip- : lion ol it given in the -'Narrative of the Ked I liiver ExjU'dition," published in B/arkirood's IMugiizine lor Janiuiry, 1S71: — "The sun had disappeared for some time ere, all being in readiness, orders were given for the first detachment to ' shove oil".' ft consisted of two ('t)iiipanies of the Sixtieth Killes, a detachment j of Royal Engineers and of Royal Artillery, with two 7-i>ounder guns, all under command of i Colonel Feilden of the Sixtieth. The wind had i died away completely, leaving the surface of the lake calm as a mirror, wherein was reflected only the mist of the approaching evening. There : was no lium of birds or insects from the woods j which fringed its shores, no swallows rippled 1 its smoothness in their hunt after an evening j meal. Except at the little spot, where we were all bustle and excitement, the scene had the 1 .stilliuvss of death about it, which in the distance I • ''Till' mills wliii'liiircvuiliHlthrouKhiiiit the urontorimrt nf.Iiino prnvetl I ti ire 11 serious ilriiwbiii'k Id iiiiiTiitiiiiis Koneriilly. Thi' si'i'tioii of tho ni.id, niiirn <}S|ioi'iiilly lu'twi-'on the Miitawiii UriiiKO and tlio OskmuliiK^', i iiiiiiiiiiu lis il iliiiis thi'iiiiKh II Vniiin iif reil eliiy, iHioaine iimlly rut up, iiii'l II tTi'iil ileal iil'i'r 'S»-lay (cunluroy) hueaiuo nciMissiiry j still (lie wnrk went nil, with lint littlo iiitoiriijiliiiii, until tho nfourronon nl' the itroiit ; (iinil lliolieve iMiriveeilentoil) IIimhI nf iho ;i(llli nl'.Iuiio, wliiuh fiiirly utoji- ■ lieil'.lii' piissniii' iilwanKons for nearly two whole ilaya— ii eulvert near the Kiiiiiini-iiii|iiiii was ilisplaceil. ami a siiiall touijiorary liridite. which had lieon nir. uver the Siinsliine llrook, was seriously daiiiaKeii, while a similar ; I leiniiiiiiiiy slrueturo mi the i)skiiniliiifi< had a narrow esea|ie Those ilainiiKus weroi|iiieklyre|iaircil. lunl llie work went on as usual. "-.S'. ,/. seemed all the more deathlike from the contrast between it and the noise immediately around ' us. This absence of animal or even insect life | in the North American woods is one ol their ] most striking- characteristicis. It was a i)retty sight to sec this little llotilla of boats row olf over the lake whilst it still glowed with the golden tinge of the sun's last rays. It called to mind numy an account n^ad in early youth of very similar scenes, when freebootinu Norsemen weighed anchor and shook out their sails in some secluded inlet bent upon adventure I'^xcept that we had rilled guns and cannon, our equip- ments and our armaments for overcoming the obstacles of nature were of a most in-imitive : description. It seemed mrious that a military exiK'dition should be lifted out in such an advanced era of civilization, in an age so justly celebrated for its inventions and its iiroyress in ! those arts and srienees which now enter so ' lariicly into the oriianization of armies, and yet that it should not be possible to enlist into its ser\ices the aid either of steam or of the eleclrie telegraph. The sail and the oar were to be our means of propulsion, as they had been those of the Orreeks and Romans in classic times; and when arrived at the end of our t!00 miles' journey, we should have a.s much dilliculty and as far to send in order to communicate with even the netirest telegTaph ollice, as (';esar had when he sent a mes,senger to Rome, announcing his successful descent upon tnir shores more than I'.tOO years aiiO." 1 I.'].— After the lirst detachment had left the embarkation continued rapidly, day after day, until the 4th of August, when '< , 1 1 . ,. ,1 , 111 ""' e\|ieilili .11 the last ol the troops einbaiKed, ii-wny, -Huiiy and only about one hundred and fifty voi/ageiirs were left to take the reserve .supplies to Fort Francis,* aiul a company of • ".\8 soon m tlio last briuailo ol'lioatji with sol liors liiiil left .McNeill's l.iindinii, the reserve stores houiin t" ho sent forwiird rmui Thiimler Hay. A uuinlier of bonis wlii.'h had lieen lel't iit that i.lai-o were also linmnht up liy wnKKon, and it now hecaiue uviileiit to all that iniii'li lime woiihl have been Kiiineil and lalior saved, ill the lirsl inst.ince, l>>- koepinu the whole rnimii, 111' force on the roail iniikinK it at mico passable In wiinKiins. (fotlinn II sullicient number of tlii'sd finiii C.'l' ii;wiinil, ami IniiiKiiiK I'nr- wnril boats and stores to ^Varl^s liiiiidiinx. I liow how easil>- this iniulit have been ibiiie. I may call altotition to the fuel that at two n'c lock on Iho afternoun of tlio Jinl of AuKii-it seven bouts, plai-ed on wik^koiis wore sent -m n ,IH:1 Ui H I Pm $ '^ 'm- I i I liiii the Qut'ber Battalion, which was to remain at I'riiuo Arthur's Lauding- to guard a small redoubt which had been erected there for the proteetion of the stores left at this point. Two of the four se\"en-pounder guns were also left there. This rompany remained at Prime Arthur's Landing until the return of the regu- lars, when they also went baek to Quebec. The whole number of men embarked at McNeill's Bay, according to the return of Deputy- Commissary Meyer, was 1,431, of whom 92 were oflicers, 1,051 non-commissioned officers and men, 274 voyageurs, and 14 guides. As the region through which the expedition was to pass was; almost wholly destitute of anything in the way of food (except fish), and there was no means of obtaining supi)lies of any kind after the expedition left, everything which was needed, or wliich it was tliought might be needed, had to be Laken with it, and Colonel Wolseley admits that this was done f for all his disposition to find fault with the Dominion (.fovernment, saying : " Every probable, indeed almost every po.ssible, contingency had to be thought of and provided for ; and it may be conlidently asserted that no expedition has ever j started more thoroughly complete or better pre- ' pered for its work.'l It is needless to follow the nil' friim rhumk'i' lii.v. iind nt .sunset im the followiiiK evening wore nt Waicis LiinJina. I Imv iliirorent was tluM from dragging them over rooks t and slonv.s in tlio bottom of a gli.illow atruun? Tlu're was not a boat bi'oimlit liy tlio river tliat cost less for transport than .jilW, making on a ' liiindreil wliicli were ao convoyi'd sorao .'ii30,i;{Xl, while on llfty-threo , broni-'lil liy wag^^ons the oo.st did not exceed twenty or twenty-five dollars oiu'h. An I t!ien how very different was the oon litionof the boats— in the ] one case, fre-h and sound as tlioy eamo from the hand of the builder ; in iho other, lorn anl broken, with many row-locks, oars and rudders' lost or sma.shed. and requiring repairs— iu some cases very extensive ones- Ijef , • they could bo used. The store.s wore taken in good time to Kort Frances. The first reaching that |da«o im the llrd of Septoniber and Iho last on the ITtli, besides some that wore left by order (if the mi.itary at Deux Kivicres Tortiigu to meet the I o ips as they returned from Red River.'* — .^'. ./. OtitrHim\ iieport^ yiif/*' 20. t".\arralive of the Red River Kxpedition "— W/'ir/i'imriii'd .Vrif/nctne, January, .HTl. t riio following is a coiuplite list of the articles taken, according to DeputyCoiiiinissiiry Meycr'sreport :— Hiscniits, !i''.'f{ bris. ; (lour, 702 brls. ; pork, '.i.'(0 brls. ; sugar, i'M lirls. : tea, 1'2'2 chests ; beans, lil'i bags ; pre- served p tallies, I'll J cases ; pepper, IHV lbs.; ammunition, rounds, 111,000; auKurs, .'I; felling iixes. 214 ; pickaxes, i;i2; blankets, '2') ; fuze, 1 ; gimlets, '.I; slclgO'liaminers. .'<; small haininers, ^i; hand hatchets, 21S ; Flanders kettles, ISO; Held ovens. 1 ; frying pans, Hfi ; bags of bedd ng, H ; kegs of powder, 2 ; c ill lashing ro|ie, I ; coil .Manilla rope, 1 ; eross-jut saws, 7 ; haiid-saws, 10; scales and weights, 1 ; shovels, 1:H ; spades, llli ; spik ,s and nails. .'lO lbs. ; measuring tape, 1 ; tents, I'lA ; hirge rope tilings, .'il7 ; siiiiiU rofie slings, 111; portagn straps, lilli : spare bims, 1,2lii; linsofmus- • luilo nil, I2fi; w.Lleriiroof bags of blanket.s, 2i4 : watorprool' bags ot accoit expedition in detail through its journey by water and land to Fort Garry — suffice it to s;iy that the route followed was not more arduouis than many other canoe or boat routes are,* and that the men, although hard-worked at tln' portages, and sometimes at the oars, IkuI ii tolerably fair time of it, and, its the weather wiis fair most of the time, enjoyed tht> journey wdl. The record of one day's routine taken from the Narrative, already referred to, will give a prottv accurate idea of all. " At the first streak of day- light (occasionally long before it), the reveille was sounded, followed quickly by the cry of 'Fort Garry' from every tent or bivoutic lire. This was the watchward of the force, as ' Anns, men and canoes" ( armn virumque mno) was tlic punning motto adopted lor us by our witty chaplain. Tents were struck and stowed awiiy in the boats, and all were soon on ])oai'd ;iikI working hard at the oar. We halted for an Imur at 8 a. m. for l)reakfast, and again for auotlicr hour for dinner at 1 p. m., and finally, for the night, about ti or 7 p. m. It was surpri.sing. after the first week's practice, to see the rapidity with which the men cooked ; they tpiickly became most expert at lighting fires, cutting down trees, ike. The sun soon burnt thcni ;i dark color — indeed, some became nearly black— the reflection from the water having a vtMy •bronzing effect upon the skin. The wear and tear upon the clothes was excessive — carrying' loads on their batiks tore their shirts and coats. whilst the constant friction of rowiiiii' soon tretnenis, 98 ; medioal oomforts and equipments, 41 ; tins,.il7: crmli 'iis A. iV' Ii., 2; boxes linseed meal, 2; kegs of salt, I ; grindsiones, I ; bnxcs iii tathtM' was rucy well, i 1 from the I vo a pretty , jak of day- j the reveilh; • the cry ol' \ vouao iirc. , , as ' Arms, lo) was the our witty Qwed away hoard and for an hour for anolhrr illy, for the surprising', the rapidity (juickly cultini;' lit them a y Ijhirk- H' a viM'v wi'ar and — (tarrying and toats, inii' soon )(" : oantr''ns (ines, 1 ; b'lxes of rii.ui.ln- lii.v iiru very liuui- nriti.-'li N"r-lli r.irly i."il:ii.'M Ut-'KlTmil'' ll'llBlll I'Xl'l'plilll.' I"!' il C.ll I'lPlH'l'ivilllll'. fill' .\l:lliillic ility 111' iicltiiii! I lipiilus. Thi^ illRl' lllL'l'l MMT hiiiK) iiii'l llicir H I.I inilii' llic iiM'ii liimrcT iiml I, iryiiw li'iiivii II liiiii'.iiii'l iill. •es % : -"V',. •:^ I i1!l 1 1 i i i^^ W '' 1 ii J .!■ ||m ' 1 !■ m ISt WHOilV ■wk'i' its ri-vof ii:. uli'l, H,>i tht y ' '., r)i tlio lime, t'MJoycd tiSiij lou rij.d to, will •::: '■ 0-1 rry" !r"u; ■■\'rTy ■■»/ii ■ .!■• Miii:' llj ' .jl' xM'^i t ' MlHil.- ■'onror ^ .i.ictJU > . •.iye»it. ..\' 1.^ ; very ■iiffji" •) I'-.-m ' i»f tbx hoAt.- -in • i 1 ,. ,. ..jjr T'X" * ' . . ) I,.' .|<«^. '-( rcwh;.'.? •V ^ t 1 r l- •■! !.(>) : HI in' M |I|B Wini»lp#H. « 1' "1: 1 " .1.,.,.... '. .. . f ' :! Ml «<, ih <;( : won- lari>' , till' lii'aii.s I uave till 1 a soli "!' ; I named th stall! \m men I ; Im '< that <'\(ry tu it. Th( the pluck very (lucht j oihcr iiatK I till' ,samo i [ our lot (lai I 14— Th I Firlili'ii re An-iv:il;,l \\,ri I'niii.'i.-. Til,' M "1 nll';lil- ill llli' Si'IllviiicliI. (lavs ; and I Mi'Xi'iir.s I i was s])roa(l ' Thi'rc wcri' ; of an aggrei [ I'haius, and j or improvw lo\viii!>' won :il)li' to inov at, that time iiiiis, siirroii It Hali-hivod j The (•oiintry ! I'iieli liank < I only part un I iKljoiiiinii- il l>i'as, potatot int'iils had b IVesh moat 1 chaii-iv altoi hisiuiis.* ( "'ilii' liiiinn.-'. lis lliHIlli.ilMii.v.ls: 11 III*. c,r limiil „r "ll'lll; lioi!. .ilyiiCTi lii'ans, nr i ||,. „)■ ,, Vl'Klllillil,.« iv,.,-,. i.lpli "">i'ry li.inl ivuilin »lii'iiH'iiliin).'iiii lii. iil (i()VHI{XMK.\T OK SIE JOHN Y01IX(}— TIIH HXPRDITIOX To UVA) IJIVKI!, lS7(t. IS.-) wmv large holes in their trousers, which, beins^' t l);uc lied with cain.v.i Iro'ii the hags in which ihc Ix'Uiis or other provisions had been carried, <>ave till 111 a most motley appearance. J^eading a sort ol' amphibious life, they were well nick- iiauicJ the 'canvas-backed ducks.' This con- staiil pulling was very monotonous emj^loy- ment ; but we had a goal to reach, and all felt that every stroke of the oar brought us nearer to it. The long portages were most trying to the pluck and endurance ol' our men, and it is vi'i y ([ue.^tionable whether the soldiers of any oihcr nation would or could have gone through the .' last detachment had left MrNcills Landing by that time, the Expedition was Hjiread out to a length of over IjIO miles. There were seventeen portages in this 208 miles of an aggregate length of three miles seventy-six chains, and at these the men had constructed, 01' improved, the roads, so that the troojis fol- lowing would have iiiueh less trouble and be al)le to move more rapidly. Fort Francis was, at that time, a small collection of wooden build- iims, surrounded by a palling, and occupied liy a Hal r-l)reed agent ol' the Hudson's Bay Company. Tiie country, for the depth of about a mile on I'ack liaiik of Rainy River, is fertile, but the only part under cultivation was a small portion adjoining the Fort, where tlu^ soldiers found pea.s, potatoes and onions growing, and arrange- iiioiits iiad been made I'm* supplying them with I'lesli meat here, which v. as a very agreeable chaiin'c after three weeks of salt pork and his. nil s.^ Colonel Wolseley arrived at Fort tbHIil n Ills. ■ men 1 1 . Iieiiiif, I . vcKcliil; nil wr>' nlii'ii H If riiliiiiiti. n.-* Ill id (town in Hio .**lainlii»tf Orilors Is.-'utMl iit Toriint" on I "I .Miiy. I^Til, liy Cn. ,-\ W.il.-ifk-y. fi'n.iistcl df 1 lb. .if liisciiit, or III liiviiil or I! lbs. of (lonr; 1 lb. of suit pork, or U lbs. of I'lcsli ill/., iilsiimir : 1 m.. ol'lcn ; } oz. o( .smIi with IVi'sli meiil : 1 iiint ol' •r I lb. of |iri'S('r\*i'(l imtators: 1 -Jiii o/. nf iM'piier. Wlii'ii frcsli lies were oliliiiimlilo. lib. was issiu'cl iis the ration. In ciiinii, wlmn liiu-it u'iirt( Wiis bi'iiiKtlone, tliis ration was foiiml to he auiplc ; but irlneral Lindsay to Pem))ina, and had made his way to Lower Fort Garry, visiting some ol the loyal portions of the iSett lenient, and left (m the 24th July to meet Colonel Wolseley. He reported the people in the Settlement still very uneasy. Riel and his followers continued in pos.ses,sion of Fort (rarry. and the loyal inhabitants were anxiously awaitina' the arrival of the troops. While at Prince Arthur's Landing Colonel Wolseley had sent a proclamation to the chief officer of the Hud.son's Bay Company and to the Roman Catholic and Protestant Mishops, This had been made pul)lic, and relieved the fears ol a portion of the inhabitants, who felt a little nervous about the coming of the troops. t Mr. Monkman had left Thunder Hay in .luiie, and gone into the Settlement by way of Fort Francis and tht' North-West Anyleof the I^ake of the AVoods, and commenced his return on 2Uth July. The report of both gentlemen was 2>bs. liDii) of biscuit anil pork, anil on any similar c\|M'rlitiiiii the ration .shoniil be iiR'rt'aseil. 'ffio ration of tea mitfht.iieriiaps, be re-liieeil to ; oz. jier man (icr tla\'. if tlie troops are toijetlier in eonsiilerable nnmbei's. Tlie siitfiir shoniil lie inrroaseil to .'1 oz."— .UviV'-ia/ Cunlrull- 1- li-ri,m\ tTiie following is aeopy of t!u^ Pi Imnation as i .ppeareil in the .V' c yulinn of the twenty-thinl of .Inly. The iiaraKraph eommeiieinir " Courts of l,aw." Ac, was siibsei|ueiiily omiiteil :— Til Tin: l.(iv.\i, IxiniiiTAMs m- M vmthiia. Her Majesty's (ioverninent hiivintr determineil upon stiifioiiiinr some troojis amoiiKsl you, 1 liave been inslriieteil by tlin liieutenanl-IJeneral Coniinanilini.' in Hritisli North Ameriea to proeeeil to I'orl liinry willi the force under my eominaiid. Our mission is one of iieaee, and tlio solo object of tlie e.xtiedilinn is to seeiire Her Majesty's Sovereinn autliority. llonrts of liiiw such as are common to every iiortion of Her Majesty's Kinpiro will be duly established, and justice will be imparlially adminis- tered to till races and all classes, the lo,\-al Indians or llaif-breeds beiiiK as dear to our Queen jis tmy others of her lo\al subjects. The force wliicli 1 Iiavo the honor of eoinniaiidiiiir will enter your Pro- vince rciireseiilinu no |iarl\' either in relitrion or imlitics. and will all'ord eiiiial iirotei-tioii to the li\ea and inotierly of all racesand of all creeda. The strictest order and disciiilinc will be maintaincil, and tirivalc protierty will be carefully rcsjieetcd. All sniiplies furnished by tin: inbabitants to the troi>|is will be duly iiaid bir. Should anyone consider himself injured by an indi\ idiial belouKiiiK to the force, his Krio\aiicc shall be jiroiniitly oiuiiiired into. All loyal [leojilo are earnestly invited to aid me in earryiiif; out the above- lULMitioned objects. (.'.,1. WULSlOldiV, Cidonel. CominaiidiuK Ked Kiver Force, 21 •Sfi ^f }}\ rMl ii = ?i:l ii! itst \:M ,m I , ■ I ! Nil I I i I '1 II :|!3!8 ill'""" IHd TrTTLKS lIlSTOliY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. lo the ('Hi'< t lliiit it was very uincitiiiii wlicther Ikii'l would olitT any ivsistaiico or not. He was •'xtrcmt'ly anxious on tli« subject of an amnesty. an-ono to Ottawa to urge on tlic authorities that a prochnnution of amnesty shouUl he issued, ancl as long as this matter was in abeyance, it \vasdonl)trul wlicther JJiel would show light or run away while he had a eliance. I'nder thesi' eircumstances Colonel Wolseley had lo he prejiared I'or any emeiiicncy, and to 1)e ready either to "'go lorth on an errand ol' peace" or to light for the niain- tenan(;e ol' law and order, il' nece.ssary. * l.">. — Colonel Wolseley remained at Fort I'ran- cis until the luth, but the diilerent detachments F„„n i-..r( Kn„„i. "i'^^''^^ lorward as they arrived, iui!,,t i'..ii.r..... ,1^,. |i,.j.j^ under Colonel Fielden, arrivinu' at 10 a.m., and leaving at ;5.30 i).m. on the 4th. Smue ol' Uie voi/a^i'iirx taken on at Shebandowan had proved incompetent : these weri' dismissed and replaced by some brought up the Winnijx'g by Lieutenant IJutler and Mr. Monkmaii. and some obtained I'rom the Hudson's Hay post. All suri>lus stores were discharged hero, and an hospital tistabli.shed, although there was. i'ortunately, no sickness, and lelt as a reserve, and one company ol' the Ontario Battalion remained as a guard. The lield-oven was set to work iiere, and the men greatly relished a supply of soft bread, as a change from the "hard tack" rations they had been having for over two weeks. "From Fort Francis, the J']xpedition had before it 131 miles of unbroken navigation, eiuling at Kat Portage. First, Ivainy iiiver, winding lor .sixty-seven miles with a gentle current through forests of the most luxuriant growth, In-oken here and there by slopes of green sward, where the Indians of former limes had practised the art of cultivation so long forg(jtten to their descendants, and then the Lake of the Wood^, where the coixrse lay for sixty-four miles farther, through islands, which. 'Sir.lnlin VciuiiK, ill el lor some moments — more awlul I'or those wlio watrhed the scrue Irani the bank, tluin lor the soldiers inlually in the l)oat. Providence — a noble term, which this war in France has tan^'ht newspaper writers to sneer at — watched over u> in a remarkable nninncr ; I'or, althou^'h wi' iiad one or two boats wrecked (Mi this miyhty river, and many more were lor minutes in iiamiMent danu'er, the wIkjIc I'orce reached 1-ake \Vinni])eii- without any loss ol' lil'e." * Tile leading i)riiiade ol' boats reached Fort Alexander on the 18th, and proceeded no luriher until th(^ arrival of the other briuades I'dutaininu- regulars. By Sunday, "Jlst, all the regulars had arri\ «'d. and, alter attending Uiviiie ' service in the mornini'', embarkation took place at ."! !>. m., and about lil'ty boats conveyed the eoiiii)anies ol' the (!Oth, the Artillery and Eimineers down the river to Lake Winnipeg. ,| At Fort Alexander the i'orce had been joined by Mr. Donald A.Smith, of the Hudson's Hay Cenipany. who accomi»anied it on the remainder [ of its journey. The 'roops passed the night on Klk i.siand, and started at 5 a. m. on the 2iJnd : i'or the mouth oi the Ked Kiver, which was I readied by the fastest boats abont noon. It was hoped that Stone Fort would be reached l)efore (lurk, but at sunset it was still eleven miles • distant, and the FJxpedition halted for the night, eaiiiiiing on the right l)ank of the river. Every preeaution h;ul been taken to prevent any iiiloniiation of the arrival of the Expi'diticm , ivacliiiig Kiel, and with such success that he 1 had not the slightest idea the I'^xpedition was : f-o near him. The boats started a-iain at 3. .'50 on ih.. morning of the 28rd in a drizzling rain, wliidi continued all day, and made their journey very uncomfortable. The peoi)le along j the hanks of the lied River now began to know ,| ■".Nninilivcir iImi li,.,l KiMT i:.v|.c.lili.,ii.".-/,7,i, ;„•„.„/•., .l/„,/„;i',„, : IVIiriijiry, b7l. that the Expedition had arrived, as it was greeted with di.scharu'es of musketry as it passi-d along. Stonc! Fort was reached at S o'clock, and here a good breakfa.st had been prepared by tlu^ Hudson's Bay Company ollicials, and was keenly relished. After breakfast the boats were relieved of all superlluous stores, only four days' rations being left, and the advance on Fort Crarry was recommenced. 17. — .As the exi)edition was now fairly • in the enemy's country," aiul it was still thought i)ro])al)le that J{iel would show , , , , light, preparation was made, in i''i.';|.','.y''''Jv'„'.',.n,'i"' the event of his disputing ihi' 'i'',','i'i''''''i'i!!'-'i'iri'JThr pa.s.sage of the river to give him ' '" '"'" a warm reception. The two seven-poutub'r guns were placed in the l)ows of two boats, and an advance guard proceedetl along the siiore about a (juarter of a mile ahead of the boats. The eompany of Captain Wallace was detailed for this purpose, and was mounted on such ixmies as could be procured, and, failinu' those, in country carts, pre.sentinu- rather a ludicrous appearance.* This company had orders to prevent any persons pa.ssing n\t the river, but not to interfere with those coming down, and many who came down to meet the boats were surprised, aiul a little angry, to lind they could not rt-turn : but it could not be hi'lped. Colonel Wolseley had information that up to noon it was vagiudy rumored in Winnipeg that the boats were in the river, and that Riel discredited the rei)ort altogether, not thinking it possible that they could havt' reached there so soon, and it was important to keep him in ignorance as lony' as po.>r.-iraiii-i' (irC;i|''i"iti W.illiico .11x1 Ills I'liiMpiiii.v III' iiii»irili'rHi'.»<, bill as the tlay wni-o un IVrsIi fiiiilnri-.s wiTC tiiaii inniihtiMt. Kiu'ti ...It'cil that wa.< ri'liltMi !ui (ho saihllu. Thi'v ili.^iiiniintuil liir tiiii iiiKlit.aiiil reniaiiii'il ii.H an Diithiyinu piilut. wliciT. iiko thi^ rest cil tlir ruivi', Ihuy k'.it ilifiii'lu'cl (luMn(rli."-C"rii's|iciiiilnit'u Tnmnin d'A./.. , i.ih Si'|.H'iiilifir, IsTii. m ' li ■'V -!' { I m ■!■■> ■ I IHS IITTI-KS IIISTol.'V ol" 'I'lIK lM).MINIo.\ ( »|" «'AN A l>A. tlu- I'Ji'jlisli ( ':itlio(liaI, iiIkhiI ti inilt's l»y liiiul iiii<' niiif by walcr. rnnii Fori ({any, oiiirip lii'ii'ii- loriiMMl oil till' liylit liank. Ahoul niiit' <>'< liM 1< ihi- drizzle turned to ;i lie;u y ruin w hielicoiiliiiued ill! iiii^ht, coiivortinir Iho pniirie inin I Neaoj mud, no iliat, next nioinini'', Colonel Widseley liad to alcindou his idea ol' advaiieinjf l)y land and keep lo the river until I'oiut houiilas was rearhed, ahout eiiihl o'clock, two miles tVcnn the l-'ort, where (he troops were landed. 'The troops wer(! disemharked on the li'it liank, and lormed up in open column of companies. A lew ponies that were hrouiiht by the inhabitants were u.selul in mounting' the Colonel and Iiis stall', and two country carts were used I'or drawinu' the niins, which were limbered up behind them. A line of skirmishers was thrown out about tOO yards in advance of the column, which immediately commenced its move in the direction of tin- village of Winnipeg', in column ol' I'ours, the (lOlh iiilles leading', Artillery and linj^iiu'ors next, and a Company of fiOtii Iiilles as a rear liuard. in this I'ormation the column passed over a small creek, aiul keepiuff outside the village, wiieeled sliiiiitly to its lel't, aiul advanci's were advancing, was expected momentarily to open lire. 15ut the hopes of the troops were doomed to disappointineiit. On lu'aring the Fort some of the mounted men were sent forward to ascertain the state of afl'airs ; they "Arrhlii.-hiih 'I'liilii'. in lii« i.\ iiln lii'Inri. Ilic Select Ciuniiiillee, vniil Ihiil llieie n'a« II lli'ili.'.li Ihiir^ll.viiiu svlieii he Miriveil, III! 'J.'tril. iuil iIimI ll Wiiti liikeii down uu iireniiiit nt' (lie t'liin. were f(dloW(Ml by three ol the stall, and xion relnrnctl, having ridden all around the Kort iiiid found the o-ate openiiif^ on the bridge o\i>r the Assiniboine liiver with' open. The truopn were marched in by thin gateway, h.iviiijT stojiped and detained three men who were making oil' up the Assiniboine h'i\er. The V\\\i was found to be emptied of its late del'eiider«, liiel, Lepine, and O'Donohue having richlen oil' up tlie lietl lvi\er about a (piarler of an hour prtn'iously. The trooi>s then formed liu,' outside the l''oit, the linioii .lack was hoisted, a royal salute lired, and three cheers i;iveii for the d to hide its diminished head, that peace and oribu' would he reston^l, ami that the insult to tlu^ Mritish Hag was wiped out, aiul that it once more repiaii'il the rebel banner which for ten loiiu' weary months had iloaied over l''ort Uarry. The con- dition in which everything was found was miserable in the extreme. The rain si ill con- tinued, and it being impossible to lliid a spot free from mud on which to i)itch tents, the troops were accomodated, in the be,>-t manner pos.-iihlc, ill the buildings of the Fort, lately occuiiied l»y the Company. All insi«h' the Fort was in coii- I'usicm and gave evidence of hasty lliglit, thi' "President's" uiilinished breakfast being oii ;i \('ul„n,l \\:.hil,!l'' dOriii' ./•'iirmil. 'ilHi AllKU.^I, IHTIl. 7o. 1S!» luMf: and " A(ljiitiiiil-(!«'iu'iiil " lirpinc liaviim' ili'|)ai'l('(l ill siu'li liasit' lliat lii' had loronllrii lo taki' willi liiiii a |iol of poinatiim willi uhiclilut w.is uoiit lo oil liis inoiislailii'. Iiislioi) Taclir had aii'ivftl on tin' pr«'\ ions ilay, aicoiiipaiiii'si'i)li Royal td' Monln-al, who wi'iil up to till |)0.sil;oiis ill the in-w (io\ I'rniiicnl, and h'iid and soiiii' others had iiili'i\ icw s with him on tho iiiulil of III.' ij:?rd.* It was Ihi-n the intention di' h'iid to reniain, hut as soon as he heard the liiiules (»r the Sixtieth, hi< toiirai,''e tailed him and lie crossed the Assinihoiiie to Uishoj) 'I'aches, iil'terwards i^oiiiu' to St. Josei)h, Minnesota. The •"I .iirt\t'ii :it l''itr( li.irr.v itii ,\iit:ii*( ll.'.nl, Snnii ;it'(i'r iii.\' ;irriviil ' -nun- iiii'lil^MT- 111* llir l>rii\ isioiLiI I iuvcnitiii-iit iTn.-i^^ril it\ or In li,,Y rliU'i' ' Hi St. ISiitiitMci'. 'I'lic.v liciKiin (u hilli iiliOMt tlir ilillli-nllii'H in vvhit'li tlit' iiitr.v w:!" iiiMiUi'il : Mint I ro|ir-'-'i'ii(4'il 111 tlitin Ihiil tlicrr wii;* nut llif -li'.'liir-l i|:ni»(i>r I'lir lliiMii, iIkiI iii.v riiii\ rr-jilioii.^ with ilii'i'ivihitiil tnilitiir.v anlllHlilii'^ ll:|il rulivitli'i'il llll< tll.-lt tlll-n* Wll^ lint lllf .iliu'lllr-l il:lllK<'r< ill l.i.'l iluii till' I'.iili i'i:iiiii' III lli(> iii'iii'li"' .-iiliiiiilli'il li.s' r.iilii'r llii'linl mill tl ith-r ili'li'U'illrs lull! Immmi iM'ri'titi-il. I lllillk tlli',\ wlTf .-till ill lll.\ lluUH' ivlit-ii siiiiio iiiii' I'uiiir mill ri'iiiirlril Hint tlii' t i-i>u|ii hail arivcil ill till' iMiMilli lit' till' Ili'il UImt. /Vi lil'^l I hiir.ll.v hi'lii'wil llii'-, iii'i'iiu"!' it Wii.^ .-n .1111111. Ii-'iiii what I Ikmi'iI in Caiiailat liir tin- iicriviil nl' Ihr Iriinii-*. TIh' ri'iitirt wliioli iva^ .ijirrail hmt llin i-iiiiiitr.\' pnivcil tu he tnii'. VliiMii'M r'-|iiii-| \\n> th.-it llii'V liail nut iiiit.\' arrivi-il at tin' niniitli nt' tlii' ri\fi'> lull th.it llii-.v liail aNii jiassiMl Liiwi-r Kort tlarr.x'. 1 iiiav |ii-rhji|i^ iili-i'i'M' that the llnli^ili ll.m iva.- Ilual iiii,' uviT l''iirl itariy. I hranl thill ' ^iiini' mil' liail hi-cn i|i'-|i.iti'Iii'il tn ii.-i-t'rt:iiii it it uas a lai-t that tlir I riiiiji.i ll. Ill .irri\fi|, ailil that till' I'rnv ininliHl ltii\ •■rnliiriit llinl .'^ilu'r M'lit a lilllli j III -ic It Ihi'v Hi'ir iiiininir il|i. anil it H i.'^ ri'imilril that Ihi' ti |is hail ai-ri\i'i|. It |iri>vi'i| trill'. I'art i'i'i{iilai'.-> that llihli'iilni' iiji. Intliii coiirsi' lit tlh' iiiKlit Kirl liiiiiMiir went til inTi'i'taili wliiTi* tlii'.N' wrrr. Ill' rnilliil i iliiit thi'V wi'iu I'liiiiin'il within ii I'liw iiiili'.'' nl' Kml liariy. It iia- lii'i'ii ivi'iil'li"! that thi'li' wa.'< an ililcnlinli to rl•^'ist. I may rnlitrnlii'l that ."lati'iiii'iit. hi' 'aii.ii' thi'i't* WII.1 iiiil\' ton 111* twi*l\i' liini ill tin' I'nrt llit' ilii\ I ari-i\i'il, anil tlirt'r iir rmir iirihi'iii wrri' invaliili'il all'! nlil ami una hie tn iinkraiiy i-i'-i>l('iiri'. 1 am .-'ali-licil tli.it I lii'i'i' wa> nut tin* .ni' ol' the ninsl nnlieeahle lea til res of the j'lxpeditioii was that not a lile was lost in any way, and thai there was an almost entire ahsene.e ol' sickness. 'I'his is, lo a ureal exieiil tittiilxitalde to the l.icl liial. alter the expedition lel't Shehaiidnwaii, no spirits of any kind were allowed. 'i'here had heeii two canteens al I'rince .Ailhiir's Landiii!;- when camp was lirsl I'orined there, one lor I lie reunlars iind oiH' lor the inililia ; the hiiler was closed al the retpiesi id' Mr. Vmi Noslraiid, Slipeinliaiy Maiiistraie, il l>eiii<4' luiilrary in law lo sell spirits in the \ ii iiiity of I'lihlic Wnrk-, Imt the other was kept upen. I'roiii the time nl' euiiiaik- alioii to the arrival at l''orl (iariy. ii" spirits coiiKl he ohtaiiied. and tiie L!iiiid health nl llic troops may, in some measure, lie fairly al iriimled to that cause. Coiomd W'olseley in his report to the Military Secretary, dated lii'iih Seplemlicr, savs ; '' I'roin lirs! to last there was a lolal ahseiice of criMie ; and I may add o|' sickness also. Ne\er has tiny body nl men on active service heeii more checiTiil or more healthy. This has hecn one ol' I he lew military expedilioiis wdiere spirits lia\ tH'ormed no part ol' the daily ration, and where no inloxicaliiiu' liipior was ohlaiiiahle. I consider lliat the al)o\ e-meiitioned happy results are in a ureal measure to he attributed to this liicl ; a lariic ration of lea was issued instead, and I I'ound that the men worked helterlhaii 1 had ever seen soldiers do ujioii any previous oct iision where rum roniied pail ol' their daily allowance." IP. — The position of Colonel Wolseley on his arrival wah a diliiciilt one. The purchase uufiicy lor the North-WesI hiul , ■ , ..till • '■''"' 'iiiii'iiii i'"-i I heen paid o\ er to the Hudson s nrc.inmi \v.ii-,i.'> .. , . , ,, . .NiiCnil aiilhnril.v. J5ay Company, (llth May); the Order ill Council Iransi'crrinn' the lerrilory to Canada had boon passed (li.ird .luiie), and ihe Hon. A(hims G. .■\rchil)ald hail been appointed , Lioutenant-( iovernor ol' (he New rrovince ( JiHh May), but lie had not ariived, and (^)lone| Wolseley I'ound that there was no Civil Ciovorn- ' meni, no provision havin<;' l)eeii miuhi lor any Wf II ^1 il !l II M i:': ;' i;'" 11 11 ; f i |^^^^H|i l^^^^^li ^ iMi IaAm \m 'iriTLKs iiis'i'(»i;v (iiriii: i»omim(»n oi- cwAhA. iiili'irciiiiiiiii Im'Iwcch lilt' ()\ I'ltliiow (>r IvMfl iiinl llic iiislallaliiiii ol' ( ii>\ criior AnliilMld. Ili> liad IK) < i\ il aiilliorily. aiul to ha\ o |>i'*>< lainu'd Martial law wniild liavc liccii iiiusi iiijudifioiis, t'spi-riiilly a.s then' was nol llic least scinhlaiicc ul' rt'sislaiici', and not a nIioI liad Immmi lircd fxcrpl IlioM' 111' wi'li'iiiiii' to tlu' lioops. Many oj' lliojsc wlio had siiU'cifd iiiiprisomiiciitor otlirr Wfoiii^s at till- hands of Kiel and liis lollowfrs wiTi! anxious lor n-v i'ni>-(', and cndraMUiii'd to pi'i'siiadf till' < 'niniManiliiin' olliciT to issue wanaiits I'of the aiiesi ol' Kiel and others; luil hi , wisely, lel'iised to assume any c'i\ il power, and held (hat tiie iliidsou's May ('ompiiny was the only civil authority until the arrival of (Joveriior Areliihald. A lew arrests iuid heeii made when the truops arriveil, Imt the prisoneis Were nrdereil III he released* Colonel \\ olseley in his Ollieial .Journal say^-: "No arrests were made hy the Military, and lU) attempt to imrsiie and eaptiire iiiel and his friends. The throe or lour piisoners who were tletained when the troops marched into the I'ort were released duriii'j' the day. tiiere heiui;' no warrant out ayainsi them .uid im sworn inibruudion. Colonel W'oiseley did not desire li> trench on the ii\i' authoiity in any way. not ha\ inii' heeii iincsted with |)owtu' to do so, or to act as Ijieulenaiit Ciovernor in'iidiiu;- Mr. Archil)ald'K arrival. The conduct of ci\ il all'airs de\()lvenmi' illl,V-" Jl'lrr iiiir iirriviil. 'I'lirn- wrri* im pnlifM' liMniiiiiliiiri orilrr : jill llm-'i' whn liaij • jiiriinr I 111- |i;i.il M ihti r.'iiMiTfil in l"ii|\ m- in |ii-n|ifi t>- Irnni itii'lV l> nirinv, i^iiliTi'il llii-y iviTivinrililii'il in iiM-iiKinir lhfin.-.i'l\i"' iijinii tlin^i- w I in Inn I liail iin> niMM-tiiiri will) ri-lii>l tilViiir^. Tlir rniii-liiin tVniit Ilir .-^hihi ul' I'i'iir mil tirnililti)).' in wliirli iillliinl livnll'iir llir |i|- linK ti-n iiinntli:' ivii." ' tiMi Kl'i'iit I'nr iniili.v, iili'l llii'iT \v:i.>< i^nnii' lillli* Irmililr in lr-,iinir tlii'in in ' |irn|iiT I'UMlniinl. 'I'hr rrlii'l li-inli-r." Iiinl ili.s;i|i|M>:irril, Imt iniiri.\' ul' lln-ir nillii-rrnl^ Innl innri-iy irnnr liiinii-, Imiiini; In In' rnri.'rlti'n ihrunu'li llii' in^imiiliriinrr III' I In- ir piisil inn. 'riinsi' win I Innl rrnniinnl Ininl wrrr liiml in cxiin'HHiiKi llirii' ilisrnjilrnl III lln-^i' rrln'l>' liriim nllnwi'il In li\r ill liirjfi'. i\\ fvy |iiri-;Milinn w;i.i t;il, rn l»\' I hi' niilil;ir,\ In pn-v i-nl jin\ sriiniis ^ 'li-'liirli.inri'. Anni'il |ijirlif!s )>;il rnllrtl iilinnt till- l-'nit iinil Ihrniiu'li Ilir ! villiiKii iviili niiilil iinlil I'vciylliiin,' wiiKi|uirl,nnil n li'w .ipi'i'iiil riiii.ihililr." \ wiTi- .-wnni ill lis pnlii'i'iMiMi In jis^iii in pri'scrvitii: nriliT in Ilir Inwii. rnrni-Miniili'ly, wlii!.|t(>y w-iis In lir hinl in (ivory shop in Ihr villimc ; iiinl tin- tniliiiiis wliii Ini'l ycrvi'il Willi mm iis nutntirtifH niMi'il In lltr ivxcitcini'iit ' Ity llirir nniny ilrnnkrnnr^s. 'I'lir l.irnlnininl liuMTiinr w.-is liiini'l>' cxpci-ti'il : Inil II!* iliiy .iI'liT (liiy p.'l.-M''l willimil hi^ In-iriK tiniril nl'.ii k'nnil ili-iit i.i' iiiri' ni:iii;iKi'Mn III wjis rripiiri-il In kn-p ill ink'.- I pi If I, mill prijM'iil nny ciilli-inii Im'Um'i'ii Ihi' ln\li.wis iinil iIium' wini Innl n nlly Ihtii in jiiiii.-. mfiiin I Hit .\lii.if-t\." " .NiirriiliM' nl' Ihr Itnl Ki\i'r Ivxpi'ilitinii." ///.,. /.-I, I\ .i;.,H..;i/i. . I'i'liiiniiy, IK7I. as (ioveriior ol' the Hudson's !?ay Coinpiiiiy. Colonel Wolseley inlormed him that he htuki,] to him as represent iii'.^' the only civil aiiihoiniv he could recoii'iii'/.e, and that any iiiiMiiierH handed oxer l»y him lor sale-keepin',^', should lie taUeii care of. Many came I'orward \ olunteeiinir to take K'iel and his liau'j', if Colonel WoLseley would only authorize them to do so ; all leeeivi d the same answer: 'do to a !naL;istr;ite Hn ;i warrant, and when ohlaiiied. Mr. Smilh will provide the means for cxecutinn' it.' A w;irr;iiii was suhseipiently olitauied Irom a .liistire ol' the I'eace, directillli' some one speeilied man to arrest liiel, O'Donohue and iiCpiue, on a char<;i' ol' murder, false imprisoninnii and roMiery. It provetl to he informal, inid was not oxetuitcd. In fact, no proper cmi- staldes could he obtained Ibr the purpose :iui| ('(doliel Wolseley positively refused to alln\\ his soldiers heinn' comcrted into policeiiini. Of course there is ii cousiderahle numher of \ ioleiit men who have old .scores to pay oil I'm theuiselves, aiul would he ylad of the oppni'- tiuiity thus all'tnded to them hy the arri\ al dI the troops."* JO. — On the twenty-seventh two comi>aiiii'.s of the Ontario li.ittaliou, under command nf Major AV'ainwriiiht. arrived, hav- ,,. , ■' ^ ' W lllnlrilWIll 1. 1 lllr in-'- been wiud houiul for thirty- !|;;^:;'';''Vnin','i',.i'''' six hours on !.,ake Winuipci;-, and ,",'(Vn,''i)iniiii,i.'in''''" afh-r that iho other hrii-ades '"•^'■'""""'• cauu' up rai)idly. The period of arrival hciiin' so much later thai' had heeii expected at the tiiiii' the Illxpeditioii w;i.. planned, no time was lest hy Colonel W«)isoley. in lia\ iiiii' the regular troops start on their retuiii to Canada, so that •'I'lir Iinpciiiil iniMrnnicni mils cvlri'iiii'ly I'lirrlnl In iivi.i.l iiii.\lliim< likr rnplisiil nr pnilisliini'iil liy lliu | plr nl'Cii I:l nil I In' |.i-n|ili' nl'lli'il ttivi-i. mill ('\ I'll ilis('i.itrin:i'il piii'in-ipntinn in lln- rxpcliiinii li.\- nii,\ wtm li.nl .-iill'i'lr.l 111 llu' liiinil^ 111' llirl, w isliiiiK li. iiMiiil liny iipi riiini' nl ii'liiliiilinn t'lir nnliiw't'iil iirt.s ; tho Crnwii ri'siTviiiK In ilni-H' tin- rinlil ul .si'i'iim.in.sliis' iliMii'. iiml ini innri'. Willi lliis nliii-iM tin. rnllnwini: .■Ini-i. WI1.1 in.Tili'J in llir iii.-lnn-linii- i,-^ni"l In Cnlnni'l Wnl-rliv l.yil .il iiimlsiiy ; " ■.!!!.— Il is iniisl iiiipni'liinl llnil liiini' nl' llio piiisniis wlni liim', ihiriiiK 111!' Iiml winliir, liiki'ii purlin Ilir Irinil.lrs nl lli'il lii\i'r si hi invniii puny (III' uxpi'ilil inn. mill yiin will iln nil I lull liixs in ymir pnw I'r In |iii'\i'iil lllinil ilnillK sn. I Inm' In rri'llll In ynnr ini'lnnrv llllll, linlll in linl.ll.' mill in |iri\'iili> i-liiin III llinsi- Ki'iitli'ini'ii Inivn rxpri's-i'il llirni-.i'lvi'-s iiiixi'.ii- In lllki- llli' nplinrlnnily nl III!' inlvmiri' nl' llii. Ilxpi'ililinn In piiy nil' llnil ri's. \ nil will, lln-irrnrc. ilis Imimu-i' llii'iii in ii piililii' um ' sir 111 1. 1 Ihiv iiltinipl .sn In liisli'ii llicinsi'lvrs iipniiynii. ' llittriiiv ri->oUrls uiiKl I).' Ui'i'iiii'^- i'ci'i\.-l (• \\>r :\ ilh will wunaui .Instil !■ r VtlllMllllr ! ^ ii'iiu r.'ii I .'^ ^In.'licn-. I hciiii:- lllic lilllr Iwivs lost . so IIkiI ii.l jin.vlliMi ,l,.nrl!i'.l |i)M'iir)iiit "I Ilk' i'l;lUM' Mil. I II' I" ■ ii. im'M'iii IHlMl.-ltl'l „tr III. If \ i\ ^ t i 1 ■« M'* 1 ili r 1 ■ ■ ii! 1:1 :i 1 102 Tl'TTr-K'S IIISTOi!Y Ol' TIIH DOMlXfON OF CAXADA. She Oiilli'd at Iliililax on llu' 27th. whore thirtj^- six imssciiu-crs* witc talicn on honrd, and h'i't lliiit poi'i on tlic I'ollowini:' (hiy. sinci' whicli diitc nolliinii' has hccn licnvd ol' her, ;ind her late roniains a mystery to tho present (hiy, the gen- eral snpposition liein^-that slie struck an ii(0)erg in the niiilil. or durina- a lo"-, and sank so suddenly thiil there \\;is no opi)ortunity to launch hoats or save any ol' the unl'oilunate passeuu'ers or crew. Her loss caiised deep anxietv and distress throu^'hout the Maritime I'rovinces. so largi- a number ol citizens ol' those Provinces being lost in her. For some time there was hope that she had Ix'come disabled by bn-akinii' her screw or I'rom some other cause, anda Tiport that a steamer had been seen show- ing siiiiis ol' disti'ess near Sable Island came certain that, in some unknown niaiiner, she had met a fate, the mystery nl' which will. i)nii)abiy, never l)e cleared up. \'ery disastrous uales i)revailed on the coast of Nova Scniia durinu- tln' early part ol' September, and nu the :!rd and 4th upwards ol' I weuty-live vesselsn were stranded or I'oiin- dered, involving a loss ol' over eighty lives and about $l.')0,OilO worth ol' jiroperty. During the same storm the buildiiiLis connecti'd with the Liiihtliouse SlalidU al I'^nii' Island, I'orly-live miles I'rom llalil'ax. were considerably damaged. The keeper's dwelling was struck by the sea, which madi' a clean sweep over the island, and was wasiii'd away I'roiu its I'outidation adislaiu'e ol' l.Vi reet,anil the keeper and his family barely est'aped into ihc liirhthouse tower, which they were alraid would also l)e carried away, but which stood the Jury ol' the storm al'ter rect'iv- ing some damaiic. On the Kith October the •TIr' iiii.-.T • v^ fi'nni lliililiiv wi'i'i' ; Iv IlilliiiK. \',. .1. t\ 'iin.v.(\i|>l. SliTlimi. 'Vifi {.■liiM: (i. .\. Kii...\. \V. Iv t' r, l.ii'iil. Kihiiilli. H.I';.. wile iiml ihil'l. >'i|itiiiri lliiiiiilt IMIi t{i'i.-iiiii'iil. 'riiii..<. II. Ilciliiiis .Mii.'tiT !■'. |{. Uuliiii'oii. Wij], .MiiiTiy. .\. i\. I M, C, .Siiiiirl SiluM-, .l.ihi, I 111 null. Willi I'l- till 111 III. I'liiiii'k I'liwiT, .Ir. ; Liiiil. Onuiiii'. U.K., wilV.-inil rliilil: llciiiy C. .Moni'.v, .Mr. I mile, . I. \V. I'liinl. M\<^ I'liiiil, .li.liii Tliiiiii|.« J;imi.» .\lliiii..l. I). V.iiiiiK,Cii|il. W. l\iilu'.-.Mr. tiiikiT, |{. R, unit will': .1 nil II 1 1. I'linlv. <'liiiilr- I'l.^liui', T. 11. .MiiiilKuiiu'ry, Will. I'll I k.". schooner Orran Trnvslhr which was under chavi'er to the Dominion Government to snpplv the liii-hthouses ol' Nova Scotia, and the Jil',.- •saviim' establislnnent at Sable Island, lel't the ; latter place for llalil'ax, with a crew ol in lie and 1 one ol' the stall' I'rom the island on board, iiiul ; has never been heard of. The munber ol' casualties to sea-u'oing vessels duriim' the year was 2-'il,and the probal)le estimated loss about • !§550,00(». The number of casualities to lake and inland vessels was 104, estimated loss.s;:',.30,- (M)0. t The total number of lives known lobe \ lost was 210. This does not include the loss of ! the Cilii of lioslon, the number of lives lost hy which catastrophy was 18!t and the value of l)roperty over $500,000. 2 — The determination ol the Canadian (lov- ernment not to issue any more licenses to American vessels to lish in our . I'nitiMiii I'llii' waters, and the \iii'oroirs stei)s ii'i. sci/iire taken to [U-otect our lisheries, had a very marked ell'ect on the return from this branch of industry during the year, and the catch was very much above the averauc This was partly owing to a liood season, and i>artly to the greatly increased protection alforded mu' lishermeii, which while by no means entirely preventing the Americans from encroachiiiii' on our inshore lisheries, still u'reatly checked their deiiredations, and allowed our own lisheniieii n better opportunity than they had been liel'oiv all'orded of proseculiiiii- thi^r calling. In atldi- tion to the British uun-boats placed on tin- station for the protection of the lisheries. thi' Department of Marine aiul Fisheries oiiiaiiizeil a ^larine I'olice consist inu- of six charteivil ve.s.sels, besides the (iovernmeiit steamers /-'( Cnn(t(/ii'imr and fjinii/ lleaiiX These vessels w ero armed, and were intended to prevent snuiii'ilin'-! as well as to protect the lisheries. a nuuiher of American vessels which freijuented our waters for the purpose of lishing, being also in the lialiii t Ki'i'iiil "I .Miiiifli'i- III Miiriiii' mill l''i-licrii-(i Inr Wi^K I'liiii' "'''■ I Thii I'liiiiii'ii'il M'ss.'ls wi'i'r A/ii A'., iMiniiiiiiiiilcit liy .liiiiic^ A.Tur.v: /•.•,i„/,„i./. ,■"1111111111. Ii'.l l.y I ;. \-.SHiry, lull' l{. N.I /.V/.i 'i'. .)/./.•■'«, i- iiiiiikIi'iI liy lliMiry Is. Ili'lt<, K, .\. I{. : Sir,,,,,t,ih; iiiiiiinliil I" il- f. Ciiiiiiii'liiii'l : ll'.(//r /,iV«,iiiiiii iili'it hy l/iiMil. I'. Sliiiili'y lOwiii. II. N^ Ii- Slillii .l/iii'i'i, niiiiiiiiiiiiliiil by 1<. It. Iiiu'liiiiii'u. (lOVKlJNMKNT OF SII{ .lOIIN Y()UN(i— IMT'OHTAXT KVKNTS OF TlIK YKAI! Isto. lH.! s uudcv , ) supiilv thr lilc- Icfl thi' uiuf iind , )avtl, iiiul till' yi'iir ; )ss iihout ' s to lakr ass.s5:l.j0,- )Wii to bi> ho loss ol' 'S lost ))y value of:! liaii (lov- ' Cl'USL'S to li I' llii' JL':^. SuiZllIT I'lii'Mll V^•^'■l■if. tVdlll llii> , and lilt' li'c. This 1 i>;ivtly ' (li'd iiuf ciitirclv liiii'^' (111 I'd tlii'ir oniu'ii a M hi'lori' 111 ;iddi- Oll till' •vies, llu' iL!:illi/.t'd hart'Mvd lllc'l-S Ltl els Wi'l'e iiiLi'uliiiu muilior ol ir \v;il''vs Ihrhabii 1/. /,,.i„,.'"ra- „1,M l.v .1. f. Iw.ii.ll.N.lt- dl' ( arrving on a very considoral)le illicit trado. l)uiiiiU' tho season upwards ol' four hundrt'd Ann'rican vessels were hoarded on suspicion, and iil'leeii were seized for iniringement of the ' lisheries laws, or for infractions of the Custom's Act. l^oiue of these vessels were condeniiu'd and sold, and others released after trial. Of I course this action caused a great deal of ilissatis- faction in the United States, wliere a large amount of capital is invested in the lishing business, which threatened to l)ecoine a dead loss to the shiji-owners if American vessels were rigorously excluded from Hshinu' in C'iinadian waters, and much ill-feeling was engendered ; i but the Americans had only their own Govern- ment to thank if they suli'ered b)ss and inconvenience l)y being excluded from our Ksheries. Our lisheries clearly l)elonged to our- selves, and that right had not been disputed since tbo signing of the treaty of 1818. the only point ! at issue l)eing whether the three marine miles ! mentioned in that treaty should be measured Iroin the coast line or from the headlands, the Ameiicaus claiming the former and the Uritish the latter interpretation. In 1S.')4 our lisheries were thrown open to the Americans as part of the Heciprocity Treaty and so continued until the American Government abrogated that treaty in ls(!4. Then our lisheries rights reverted to us aLiMiii as under the treaty of 1818. But the .\iiieiiean lisbernu>n could not exist without the Canadian inshore lisheries, their own w^aters heinii' almost denuded of lish, and they had become so much accustomed to li.shing in our ', iiays ihat they began to consider as a riuht what was only accorded to them as a privilege in exchange for privileges extended to us. As lonu' as there was any hope of a renewal of the Kecii)rocity Treaty, tlie Dominion Government allowed great latitude to American lishermen, but when it became evident that the Americans were determiiu'd to keep on lisbiim' in our Wiilevs and give us nolliinii' in return, the I Doininion (r(>vernment was compelled to take ineasures for the protection of our lisheries, and to exclude the Anu'ricans. ii.— As soon as notirtinii of tlw .Mi'.'-;i^'i' rt'lt'niuir In Cinijulijn ulliiirs :— " I'lie t'liiirsc piir.^iMMl !)>■ ilu' Cjiiinilirni iiiilhtirilio lii\v;ir'ls ihc ti>lu'i- men i)t'(!u' t'riitcti Stiiti'.« ditrin^r tin- inift -oiisim Ini-' intl Im-cm iiiiirki'il liy a IVit'iuily let'liii^r. lly tin- lir.-l artii-k' nf tlic CDiivuiitioii «it' l^H, bi'iwi-cii I liri'iit Itt'itiiiiwiihl till- I'liili-tl Statt's, it was ak'Tft'il (lia( (ho iiilialiilatil.s j nrthc t'liiUvi .Sniti's .slumhl have t'nreviT. in ctinnnnti with l!rili>li .siili- ! jccis. tilt! riKlil "t taking li.^li iti i-i'rtain \valt-i> (lu'i-i'iti iI<'1iii(mI. In tlio wati-r.s iiitt inc'tinliMl in tln> limits tiann'tl in tin- (>>>ii\',-nli<>n, wlihin tlin'o mill's 111' the imrls lA' ihi- British i-nast, it has htM'n the i'n.-'I"m I'nr many ' yi-ars t" k'i\r inli'ti'Iiiiir tislu-rnn'li ol' the I nilr.l States a irasnnal'h' waniiiii! Ill' thi'ir \ inlatinii nf tlu' li'i'hnie'al rights nf (Iri'at th'itain. 't'lii' Imin'tial liipvi'rnmcnt is uiiilcrstniiil tn haVL' ili'Ii'italeit the wlmlc it a shari' 111' its jiirisilii'tiiin nr rnntrul ul" tliesi' in shnre lisIuTy t;ri>iinils to tlii' ' I'lihinial aiitliiirity known as tlir Dominion of Canaila, iiikI this si'tni- iinli'liriiilt'iit hut irri'sponsilik' airi'iit has I'.MTi'isi'il its ilrli'irali'tt imwiTs : ill an iinrrii'ii'lly way. Vessels have heeii sei/e.| without iiotieii or I wiirniiit'. in \ iolation of tlie eiistom pre v ion sly prexjiiliin.'. ami iia\e heeii tiiUeii into the I'olonial ports, their voyat'i'^ lii'oken up. ami llie vessels leimieil. There is reason to helieve that thi> nnlViemlly ami ve.xa- tioiis !'■ 'almeiil was clesimieil to hear harshly upon the hanly li-hennen of the ; iiiti'il Stales, with a view to [loliiieal elli'i't on this (loverninent. I The statnles of the Itnminion of Caninla assume a still hroailer ami more untenal'le juris, lietion o\er the vessels of the I'liiteil .States, as tlii'y authorize ollieers nr persons to lirimj vessels lioveriiiK within tliriie inarine miles of any of iho ^'oiists. Iiays, ereeks. or harhors of Canaila into imrt In st'iireli Iheir earu", t" e.vaniine the master .ir mate louehini,' the eai'noaml voyaue. In inlliel n|iiin liim a hoavy pei-iiniary penalty if true answers are niiltliveii; unit ifsueti ii vesnel is I'miml prepiriiu: to lish williin three l.t: If mt TlJTTrJ'VS TTISTOIJY OV THE DOMIXION" (W CAXADA. ation, iidvocatiim' an abolition of tho bondinii' systom l)y w Inch '., ;-'iiali he lurt'eileil. IMs nut kiinwii that any eDrHleninatinns have heen made uniler lliis statute. Slamld the autlioiities nt Canada attein|ress|\' exclude the lishcrmen of the rnited States from the jirivile^'eof carr\'ini-'on iraih* with an.\' arl of it is done in Mritish hottoms. If the American seamen ho excluded from this natural n\cnne to the ocean the mouopoh of the direct commerce lA^ the hike ports with Ihe Atlaidic would he iu foreign haiels. their vesscN nu the transatlantic Miyaires havliiK access to our lake |iiirts, which would he denied to an American \essel on a similar vo\ak'e to the States. Such a iiroposition is to refute its Justice. liiiriuK Ihe adiiiiuislration of Mr. .lolin Qiiiney before that time arrived a spirit of coiu'iliation had l)een assumed by both nations, lunl iho I' Joint High Commission was i>repiiring the \\;iv i for the delinite settlement of tlie lisheries (|U('s- |i tion for a number of years. 1 1 4. — The summer of 1870, was very dry in^onu' ' sections, and was marked by unusually exten>ivi> I'orest fires, which devastated i,.,,..,, i,,,^!,,, .,„ ' large trai'ts and destroyed great J,\?,|,',!,.'i';n,','ih'.'' ''''' :j (luantities of r.-aped and grow- "" '"^"li'"'"- ' Adams, Mr. Clay nnuuestioiiahly demonstrated the nalural rinlit o| ih,. eili/.ens of the I'liited St.i;;.' 'o the naviualion of the river, cLiiiaiiii; ili:ii i: the Acfid'Comrress of Vienna, in ■ipeniiii; the llhine and other riicr^ i" I ! all nations, showed the Jii.lt'ii'cnt ol Kuroiiean Jurists and statesmen tli:ii '' Ihe inhahitaids of a countr' lhroai.'l ididi a n.-ivij-'ahlc river pas-e- have a natural ri»ht to enjoy the navi^'ali'. '' th.it ri\cr to and into the -en. | even lhoui.'h iiassim; th-.ouu:h the terrilory of another |iower. 'fhi- ri^'ht , does not exclude the Co ci|Ual rii-dlt of tile soverciirn posses.-iiit: the , territory throne!; iMiicli the ri\er dclionches into the sea to m;ike such I I reitulalioiis relative to the ludicy of the niu it'.ition as may he sea.Miii:ihly ] necessary, lint those rOKulations should he fiirmed in a liheral sjiirii nf eoinily. and should not imiaise needless hiirdeiis iipoii the conitiieirc I I which has the riiiht of transit. It has heen found in practice lanrc ■ I advantaireons to arramre these rcKiiIations hy mntnal airrccinenl. 'I'tie :' I'liited Stiites are ready to make iiny reasoinihle arramreiiient as I,, da' na\ itration of the Iti\erSt. Lawrence wliich may he su^'ec-led hy liicai ' Ihitain. If the cl.iiin nnide hy .Mr. Clay wasju-l when the ii.ipiilali f ! States hordcrini; on the shores ot the lakes was only .';,|l»i.ui«i, it ii„w , recei\es irreater force and eiiiiity from the inercased po|iulation. wejillli. lirodiiction and tonnaire of the Slates on the Canadian frontier. Since .Mr. Clay aihanced his jnvument in hchalfof our riirht, Ihe iirinciple far ; which he eontended has heen I'renucntly and hy \arioiis nations recon- 1 iiized hy law or hy treaty, has heen exteinled to se\eral other trreiit rners. i Hy the treaty concluded at Mayeiice in Ivil, the Khine was deilari'd , free from the iioint where it is tirsi uaxicahle into the sea. Iiylheciia- : vention hetween .Spain and Portii-al. concluded in ]<'>■'>. the naviuatioii nl ■ the llotiro thnHiKhout its wdiolc extent was in.ide free for the sul-Jccts of holh crowns. In IH'i.'i the .\irenliiie Conledcralion hy Ircaty IhrcH open the free iiii\ ij-'ation id'the I'ar;iiiii and I'r:iL'ua.\' to the merchant vi Is i.f a r. nations. In Is,')!') the Crimean war was closed hy a treaty which laii- \ided forthofree n:i\ iuation of the Panilhe. iu Wo** Itolixi.i l.\ irc.ily declared that it reu.irded the rivers Ama/on and l.a I'hila, in aeeordainT ; with fixed |irilici|des of national l:iw, as hiicliwa> s or chauinds o|)cncd hy N'atiire for the commerce id" all nations. In WV.i the raraunniy wa- laade free hy treatv', and in Ilece'iiiher. Isiiii, the I-lmtteror of llrazil hy Inii.crial ; decree declared the Amazon to he open to all the Ironticrol lirazil- ;iiid to the merchant sliiiis ol' all nations. The i;rcatcst li\inL' liritish .latlio- rily on this suhject, while asicrtiuif tlio :ihsti'acl ri^lit ot the ISritidi ' ehiini, s;iys ■ It seems dillicult to deny tti.it lit t Mritain nniy uroand her reliisal tijioii strict law, hut it is e'l, that in >i> duiim,slie exercises harshly an extreme and hiird law. Secondly, Iliat ' her eondiict with res|iect In Ihe naviwilion of the St. Liwrencc is in ularinu and di'.'redilahle it nsisiency with her coudiict with respeot In i the navinalioii of the .Mississi|i|ii : on the ttronud that she po->esM'iI i j small domain in which the .\Ii-.^is,:ippi took its rise she insisted on the | riiiht to naviiiate il liri^ volnnic of its w.'ilers ; on the i:rouiid lli.'it -lie liossesses holh hanks ol the St. Lawrence where il discniliouues ilM'lf iiil" the sea, she denies to the I uited Slates the ritflil of muii-Mliou, tliuiaili alioiit one-half of the waters of lakes Ontario. Krie, Huron and Siiiierier, and the whole of Lake iMichiLran, Ihroinrh which the ri\er Hows, arc ilic property of Ihe I'nited States. The whole nation Is iiiteia'Sted in seciiriiie cheap Iransporlatioii from the aKriciiltiiral States of Iho West to tlie .Mlantic seaboard. To the eili/.ens of these Slates it offers a ureater return I'or their lahoi— to Ihe inhahilanis of the ^eahoard eheaiier hioil- ^ to the nation an increase lo the annual siiridus of wcallh. Il is |e l>c hoped that the liovrrnment ol' Ureal Drilain will see the Ju-ticc ef ahandonimt the narrow and inconsistent claim lo which her Caiiadi.iii I I I'l'oviiiceH Iiiive urced her adherence." | COVHHX.MKNT OF SIH JOHN YOrNfi— IMPORTANT RVHXTS OK TlIK YKAIJ ISTO. V.K, j' iiiii liiiiin, tou'other with iiiiiiiy lium houset* ; 1111(1 l)uilr allowed to Hood the low ground at ilie west end, so as to oiler a slight obstruction te the Ihiines which were advancing from the Wends ; Imi, fortunately, the daimvr was averted. Niulil and day lor more than a week the farmers Were kept hard at work lighting the lire for i their homes, and often their lives and the lives oftho.se nearest and dearest to them. Nine lives altogether were lost, and large numbers of cattle, &c., perished ; and there were numerous instances where whole families had to covver in potatoe-lields with their faces close to the ground to escape sullbeation, whilst the liery Ilames licked up all their household treasures, and the dense smoke rolled over them in dark masses threatening life it.self should thi>y inhale its heated breath. Ottawa was covered as with a pall, and the black ma.sses of sm(»kc hun — nearly all belonging to the poorer cla.s.se.s — were rendered homeless. Two large composite ships, nearly completed, were destroyed in the ship- 1^ :m !* H i Hii L 1!)(! TTTTLI'l'S iriSTOIJV OF TIIK DOMFXIOX OF CAX/vDA. yiird ol' Ml'. Baldwin, and the total loss by the liro was csliinalcd at nearly hall' a, million, the greater part of which lell on i)oor pi'oi)le, who had no insui'ance, and who lost their all. Montreal was espocially unlbrtunate, l)eing visited by a suceession of large lires, which swept away immense tjiiantities ol' valual)K' ]iroperty. On the night ol' the 10th ol' .lune nearly the whole western wing of th(> Montreal Warehousing Company was (b'stroyed, and in,(lO() ))arrels ol' Hour and 120,000 bushels of wheat either l)urnt or injured by water; the total loss being about $200,000. On the same night the Dominion Glass-Works were buriu>d ; loss )J;'{0,0(lO. On the 2:,'.d a most disastrous lire broke out in Ostel ifi ("o.'s sash and door factory on the canal bank, and quickly spread to Tucker & .Son's saw-mill and Shearer's saw- mill and luml>er-yard. where over 1,000.000 feet of luml)er was piled, the whole of which, touetlier with the l)uildings, was consumed. The lire burned liercely for several hoiu's, the llames ( overing an area of about ten acres, and the rellectioii beinu' visible at a distance of l'orty-li\(' miles. About twenty small houses on St. i'atrick street and Manufacturers' lane were also burnt, and the total loss was over $2r)0,000. Nearly 400 hands were thrown out of employ- ment. On the lifith another lire was discovered in that part of the Montreal Warehousing Com- pany's stores which had been partially buriiton the lOlh, which was supposed to have beim caused liy a portion of the grain partially burnt at the lirsl lire l)ursting into a liame again after having smouldered for over i wo weeks. This time llie western wing of the building was entirely ilestroyed. inllieting a loss of al)out $r)0,000, and 12,000 bushels of wheat were also consumed. On the 2!)th tln^ extcMisive llouriiig mill of Parky 11 & Co., at Cote St. Paul— thi' largest establishment of the kind in the Province of (^tuebiT — was burnt, and with it SO.OOO bushels of wheal, 20,(100 of wliich had been saved from the lirst lire at the Montreal Ware- housing Cnnipaiiy s store. The loss by this lire was about $1^)0,000. A large iiumlier of incen- diary lires also occurred during the summer and lall. Altogether, Montreal had more th:iii her average number of lires — especiallv of iai"v ones — during the year. i (i. — One of the most important events of ilu. year was the withdrawal of the Imperial troops, in jmrsuance of a ])olicy which 1,1 1 i I • ii '''"■ ivilli.lr.iH.il had been adoiitcd in tlicorv or iiif iniiiiiii many years before, but had not )>een put into i>ractice on account of exceptii.ual cases. The polisy of the Mrilish (loverniiieiu towards her colonies may lie brielly slated as that of ri'([uiring them to take measures toy protecting themselves, as far as military jirii- tection was needed in time of pt-ace, wiihoui its having the slightest intention of abandoniii'.; them to their own resources, or of lessening in any way the obligations for mutual a,s.sistaiici' in time of war. As far back as ISol Earl (xroy, : then Secretary of State for War and the Colonics, '. wrote to the Governor-General of the old Province of Canada to the (Ml'ect that thel3rilisii Government was of opinion that the colony was in a positit)ii to relieve the Mother Counlry of the expense of maintaing a large armed force there in time of peace; -^ and. in IS;!:!, (In. force in Canada was reduced from 4,110 to 8,17') bayonets, which was reducing the force to lis .standard of 1,7!>2 and 1,H22, Th<" outlnvak n!' the rebellion in the I'nited States and ihc •Till! rollowiiiu: c.xtnuM t'roiii Miirl fircy's ilospat'-li \vill slinw III,- riM-lim: (if I 111' llrilisli (lini'iiiiiu'ril iin I In' ciuc^liiiii ill lllMl lilili', l>*.'il : ''Cjuiii'lii (in ruiiiiiinh with till' iitlii'r Itriti.'^li I'nn iiH'Vs In .N'orlli Aini-rii-ii) iiitvv |M)..'h'i>.,'Si-s, in tin' iii(i..i| tiiii|ili' iiiiil cimipti'ti^ niiiiinfr in wliit'li it is pns.'^ililf lliiit .-'III' .^liiiiilil i'n.inv i(, lliu iiil\tiiil:i^'os 111 .^('ll'jrdvt'rnini'iit in .,11 tluit n-lafrs tn Iicr inli'rniil iitljiir.-. ll iipiii'iir" In jli'i' .\tiiji'^ly'.<< M'rr!iiii'nr tlntt lliis jiilviinlii.;!' oimht In r.-irry uilli ii rnri'nni|iin; ri'Sjinnsiliililii"'. .'iinl tliiil till' lime i^ nnu I'nmi' whrti Ilu' lil'iijili' 111' Ciilil l.'l llin.'^l III' c.illi'il lllKili 111 l:illi' llliiill llii'ln.''i'lvi's :i illliri'i .-liMiT lliiin llii'y Ilim' liiilii'i-lii ili'iii' III i'V|.i'nsi'.'< which iin- iiiiiini'il mi llii.~ iiii'iinnl, iirnl r.n- lli.'il- inlMinlrit'i'. ef lin.-c i.,\|ii.nsi'«, hy hir ilii' lii';uic'.«l i'hiiri.'(' whii'li lulls iiimn llii.'< I'lnintry if lliiil inriirri'il lur llir in ill liny innli'i linn nl'lhn I'mtincr, lti,'iiui'iliiiK Ciiinnhi a." .1 iimsl iiiijiiii'' Mini mill viilniilih' juirl nl' Ihi' Kinpiii'. uni'i>' pni'linii III' I lie ehume which hiis hitherin heeii iiiijinseil 11 pun Ihi'iii h>rlln< prnlecli I'll I'nlnny lliiw well llhle In il lell tnWlinls |.|nlcclillK it.'cM', In iiilnplinit this piinciple, I iieeil hiinlly nliserve In ynii ihiit Her Mn,iesty',H (lii\ei'iiiiieiil wniilil iiieieiy he leveiliiiK In the Inrini'i- I'liliniinl linliey iit'lhiH eiiillilry." lore than ! y (>r larufc its of the iul troop.s, lll>lr;l».'il illll'CI'i.'ll :ct'pti()iiiil vcnimi'iu slated as isiiri's liir lary in'o- , witlidiii •aiuloiiiiiu ssoiiing ill assistance virl a ivy, ) Ciiloiiics, ■ Ihc (lid the IJrilish he colony T Cminlry rgc armed isr,:',, til,, lo .'1 170 l'C(^ Id it> Ihivak cil' and llic .!« ill,' Cl'llilll.' ' . in N..,-,l, , Hiaiiiicr III I uhldllMUC- "1 It .-ipii.-.d-l.! '.irry «illi ii , ..Mil' wlii'ii llii' ; ..^ II hilLMT icurit'il "III ,.-. I.y liH- ilii' iirri'il r.ir llii' ^1 iiiii.-l iiii|iiir l.lihli'lMll'''' "t 1,, III. Ill lliv n>rM:i,ii-iv'- I mil I.I 111' inns; lull liii'k' in wt'llllll :lllil Ml I'lljii).'' il '" illy .III.' I" III'' MM II liirei' I'l'ii- III Ihi'iii I'.'i'llii' ..ii'iliiik' ilsi'll' v.iM llinl lli'f iiniii'i-.'.il.iiiiiil CiOVERXMKNT OF SIR JOIIX YOTTX(;— IMPORTANT EVKXTS OK TIIK W.Ml l.'^TO. 107 " Trout aH'air" showed very coiudusividy that Enulaiid had no intention ol' abaiulonini^ hor colonies or to leave tlicni to protect tliemsehes in time ol' war. Ov(>r 10,000 troops were at once thrown into Canada, and a very con- siderable army maintained here dviriny- the coiiliniiance ol' the war and after. The British (roM'innient con.stantly urged on the Canadian (Jovcriiinent the necessity of i)roviding for defence, and a<>'reed to iiuaraiitee a loan oi' fl.lOU.dOO for that purpose, l)ut nothinii' wa.s done in the matter of withdrawing the trooj)s luitil 18(38, when it was determined to greatly reduce the number of troops in Canada, and ultimatidy to withdraw them altogether, except from Halifax, which was to be considered as an Imperial naval and military station, and garri- .', by which about 8, ,700 men were left in the Dominion, and Ihcsi" were all withdrawn dining the year I87'l, cxt'cpl the force which was to be permanently stationed in Halifax, and a garrison which was left for the winter at (Quebec. All the fortresses, barracks, ike, were handed over by the Imperial to the Dominion authorities, and a (juantity of stores, animunilion, &c., for some of which the DeiiiiiiiDii (lovernment was charged, and the remainder being presented to it by the Imperial Government. Amongst the articles so presented were upwanls of 4:!,000 mu,skets, wh-ch had been loa-ied lo the local authorities for the i)ur- po.se of arming the militia. 7. — The people of Canad.i felt this course of actimi not so muili on aecouiil of the withdraw al * iM'ilUIIMI.lN ..I 'ril.llll'.S ISllS-'l. Cilliii.lll I'J.'Jl I .V..M1 S.'.ilia .'),il7,'i .Vi'Hr.iiiii.ii I •_«»•, 'I'uiiil hi.jsj of the i)hysical force, as on ac- -n,,. ,.,,,„„„ „i,v count of the imp'ied withdrawal l.';,;!;;;;';.!';;;''^,!,,!,! of moral suppjiort, and th.« sup- "«""'■" •••'"""^i"'- posed disposition of the Mother Country to sever thel)ond of connection with theCohniies. but this we were assured both in oliicial despatches and in ks on her were only caused by fancied injuries inllicled by the people of Crreat Hritaiii on the people of Ireland, and CJreat liritain ought to all'ord at least a portion of the defence against these incursions which were cau.sed by enmity to her instead of lo Canada, although the latter had to bear the expense and annoyance of the.se attacks. Still the IJrilish (Jovernment held toils purpo.sc; and Earl (Jranville even took occasion lo impute the Fenian raids lo what he was pleased lo term "an aceidcnt of ueographical position," rather than to the moiH- serious cause of deep- rooted antipathy to (Ireat Brilaiii. In his despabh of 1-Hh April, IStl'.t, to the (lovcrnor- (leiieral, he says : "Her Majesty's (ioverument trust that the annoyance arising l'r(nn the organi- zation of Feniaii'sm in the rnitcd Stales is fast disappeariny'. This oreanizatioii, fdiiiidedun the hostile ieelings ei'leitaincd by numerous Irish- men in the I'niled Slates ayaiiisl ( I reat Hritain, derived its substantial iinporlautu' from the circumstance Ihal larue armies had recently been disbandctl and were not yet thoroughly i ... J;i,. pi : 4 ial^^ m '"I ;t. I 1 mil lij ■ 1 * RfT? i ■ ir' r \M 'M r i ' T'l' r. I'ls 1 1 1 s'r( > [{ n- < > i' 'i" 1 1 k i x > m i x i o x ( ) i' c a na i > a . ciiriyinu' out the schemn thiit it would havi' tin- 11(1 Villi liii>v ol' Ihc iiioriil and iiiatcM-iai sui)ii()it ol the I'jinpire. We had uiidortaki'ii llio task, and mj i'ar, iiirrit'd it out siucossi'iilly. Imi at very i oiisi- dcrablc sarvilico, and a saoriliio that was likrly to lit' continuous. Th(>ro was a yrowiuir fccliim' in Canada oi' dissliust in the disposition of tin' Imperial (lovornnicnt touivc us that supi)iiii lo which w<' thought oursdvos cntillcd. il u.i-, .somewhat dillicult to poini out the exact umuiKis which had occasioiu'd this h'clin'u', hut nciicinlly it, proctM'ilcd Ironi the lone adopted hy pulilir men, and i)articularly by nieniheis ol' liie (i(i\- ernment.in lel'erence lo Colonial and Canadian topics. Thorc seenn'd lo us to be a disposition to overlook the exertions we had made I'or tlie purpose ol' preservinn' the connection, and to dei>reciate the strong' leelinL;' ol' allaclinicnl which subsisted towards tlie Mother Country. and we ai)prehended ii leiKh-ncy on the pail ol' the Government to withhold from ns lliat assi.- "ce and support so liUely to cenieni liic existinij rtdations. " Lord Kimberley said that his attention had been called to the I'eelinii' of dislrtist to w lii' li 1 had referred, but that lie th(mi;hl nolhiiiii liad been d )ne by llie British (iovernmeni lK P.MiMAMKXT, 1S71. 1!IH t'xpciisc ol' which (hoy sliould iiuli'iniiil'y «s. I uiiT'*! 'l>!i' •' would iv-iissurc (he i)ul)lic fccliiisj^ ill ('Miiadii very iiiuili if tlio liiiirisoii a( (^uchoc^ ui'ic lo 1)0 miiiiitaiiicd ; w*' did not asi< tiiis on iucoiuit ol' the niiinlMT ol' mon which niiulit he lilaccd llii'vc, 1ml hccaust' their pn'scneo would Im' t(> us !i nyiiilxil (if the siivt'n'if''Mty of thf i Hiiipin'. Qui'hctr was an Iuii)i'rial I'oitivss, and tlif iiiaiulvuanci' ol' ihc t^iinison ol' llcr Majesty's i Hoops I here, would he hv '■cd upon as indirating (lie (Ifloimiuation in Kniiland to maintain the cxisliitu' rolatidus, aiul would have tho nu>st uscl'ui clh'ct on public I'ot'ling in Canada. I [loiiitrd out that tho ariiunLcnl which had bciMi iisrd that the Miaintcnanct' ol" a narrison at llaiilax was uiucli llic same as retaining' one at rjui'hcc, was not just, inasmuch as llalil'ax was (Kill mill's I'roni (Juchcc, and the Uailway whifii Lord ('iianvillt' had si)()kt'n ol' in Parliament, was not (ompleted, and woidd not he for two or ' ihi-ee years, I added that the Freuih-Canadian |i(ipulation regarded with i)artieular distavonr till' withdrawal ol' the troops, and exi)resse«l a liopr liiat the (iovernmeut would reconsider lllr i|Uesli(HI. Lord Kimherly said that the matter had lieen ivpcalcdlvaiid very fully considered, and that tho decision that had been arrived at was not liUely, 111' thought, to be departed I'roni, but my repro- siiilations should bo considi'rod." i '.'.—Only one change in the Cabinet occurred duriui:- the year which was caused by the , ,. appointment (d' Sir Kdward t'r. I iii'i'fi' I'litfis I ' iKm',"i'.'.ri'Mii Kenny, President of tho I'rivy I""" Council, as Adniinislratt.r of the ! Piiiviiicc of Nova Scotia, on Kith of May. Oil llie -Jlst .lune lion. Charles Tupper, C. B,, < wiissworn of tho Privy Council and accepted the porti'olio of President: On appealing to his inii>liuents in Cumberland he was returned by itirlamalion. which may be taken as fair evidence 1)1 the cliaiige of feeling which had laktMi i>laoe ill Nova Scotia on the subject of Confederation since •' Itettor Terms '" had been (d)lained, for, it will be remembori'd, that Dr. Tupper was tho only Union candidate returne general ili'iliun (d' 18(!7, and then secured his seal by the small majority of !>7 in a jioU of L',t!:]!i. On the Hth of October, Sir .lohii Young was raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom under (he title of Uaron Lisnar, an honor whi(d» was highly pleasing to the people of Canada, where he had made himself very popular, One very note-worthy event of the year was I he reduction of the rate of postaue to lilimlaiid from twelve and a half cents jn-r half ounce to six cents, which went into ellect on 1st ol' .Tanuary. On the 20th October a \ ery severe shock of earth- ss, allhouii'h not \ery great the lirst year, was still sullicieiit to iiicouran'e the st'iidiiiu' of another team each year since ihen. selected from tho dill'erent proviiu-es of the Dominion, so that the " Dominion Team " has come lo be regarded as an annual \ isitor at the great ICnglish h'ille liround. (piite as naturally as either the English, Irish or Scotch teams. The second event was the International boat "ace which took place at 1-achiiic. on the liiteentb of September, between the U'eiiforth crew, of Tyne, I'lng., and the "Paris" crew of Si. John, N. 1?., for !s!'2,."i()0 a siile, and was won easily by tlu> English crew. The event caused most intiMise excitement and an immense niiniber ol spectators witnessed it. ClI.APTKi; XIX. (;(^vi;ii;\MKNf OK i.oiih i.isc.m! sii.s.sidx or I'.MMd.vMKN'r, ISTI. 1. — OrKMNMl Ol.' P.\i;i,l AMKN'r. Sri'.l'.ril I'I.'hM THE TUIMNK.- l'. Sll! A. T. ( ! AI, !''s l.'I'.SOI.I!- riiiNsoN .lit', .vrllidii Com mission. — ',]. (Juks- •noN AS TO TIIF. CONSriTr'noN M.ITY OK 'I'llK Manii'oiia Act, I. Dkh.a'"k on Mu. Hi.akk's ^^1 I \ vi Hi ll : J ' I ' 200 TI'TTIJ'VS TTISTOHY OF TIIK DOMfXlOX OF CANADA. KKSOUITIONS. — 5. InDEIM-.NDKNCK OK I'AUMA- MKNT. GoVKIlNMKNT AflllEESTo AMKND THK Act. — •;. Ai'i'KMi'T th sk('iti!k tiik Indki'km)- K.NCK OK riiK Skxatk. — 7. Tiik JUidokt Sl'KKCll SaTISKACIOIIY Cti.NDiriON OK TIIK FiNANCKs. 8. Intki.'im Emiction Act. — J». Additions to tiik kukk cistoms i,ist. — 10. CoI.KAl'SK OK TIIK \\T10.\AI, I'oMCY. — 11. As.liccili li'om I lie llii'oiic rolcrrcd h Coi'iiiii>- sion.* Tile di.scussion of this <(ueslion at iln' moment tho Joint Hitili Commission was ahcut to iiH'et was not very favora))ly reuardcd iiy either the House or the general public, it bciii!;' felt that that was not an opportune time in * 'I'lic InlliiwiliK is II ''(u'i'(. -iml in i'S|i('i'iiil iliiMiitori'.-l.' ol' ("iiMMila ; jlhlwill irjoii'i' to liml Ilir hmiIi "I llic.loiiit lli^'h <'iiiiiiiiixKioii |iroiliic(i\'t> ol' I'oriliiil mifl liistiii^' Irii-ii'Miii' iM'twccii llir two iiiitioiiH. '"riiiil llii" lloiiM. rc'Kiiril^ Ihi' i'..iilrol niio .li-rosiil ..f iln- in -h^m li^hn-ios. tiinl till' iii\ i»;)itioii of tlii^ iiiliitiil waters of (In- ItotniMioii. ii^ S|iiM-iiill> uilliiii |1m> ji.tvvi-r.H roii. i<.\'i-il to tlio Parliiiiio'iit i>l t'.iiuol.i iiikI'T lli(Mli-iti''li N'orlli Atio'iii'a Ai't, and will virwnith tin- iiliiio I .■oti.Tiii anil iijipii-lnniMioii ;iny projMoals to altiT or 'liiiiini^'li tln*.iii>t iii?lit> ot ilir Iioniinioti in ttic.^r rrH|ii-i-t.i witlnnit tlii-ir ron^'rnt. " 'I'hat thirl Iliinsi' lia.i alwayH (ii'i'ii, iinil now i>, |iro|itiri-il to ,'oni rilr ilii' most ii-i'o .anil iinioHliii'loil ii.«i' of tho lishi'iios ami inlanil niuikMlU'ii I" till' I'liilnl Stales, iijioli roiTiviiiK ii- an riiiliviili'lit tlnoi'lor I'niniilrtr iMinijicnsalion, in tlii' inoililii'iitioii ol' llio riiitnl Stttlr.s iaiiiiiiirrri.il .'.\.-li'in iliriM-tnl to iiisiiri- a Irrpiiinl lilirr.il infiTi-liaimi' of tin- i-iinhii-i- of lalmr in I Ihi two ri)iinlrir..i. " riiiit ii r, |.>,.ion lo Ihi' I'liili'il Stall...! of llin ffi-i.i|oni of llir li-liiMii'« llinl ol na\ ii^atiliK till* St. Iiawroni'i' uilliont siu-li roiniti'iisaiion, wmil-, |ilari. Caniiilii in a most iIi.sailvaiitin.r('oiu po-itioii for fnlni-i' ni*i-'ofiation.. Ii.v (Io|iri\'inK lirr of tin- means of olfiTiiiir any iiili'i|tiiiti* i'i|iii\.iliMii l"i I hose I'oni'i'ssions silo Ih dosiroiis of ohtiiininu' I'm in that mil i mi. "Tlial lliis lloiisi' williiiKly ronseiits loth nsiilcration liy tho .h.ilit lliirli Citiiimission of Jill siiliiri'ts in wliiirh I'aiiaila is roin'iTiiril willi llii' I'liitoil .states, anil will elieerl'iill.\' make any saerifn'es thai iiiav he rei|iiireil at their liamls in the intorosts of the Kmiiiru, so far as they ihi not eiinijiromise thii initional interest iiinl seeiirit\ of this ei iiiiiiv. :mi'1 ■ lireetlyl I lo their iiinliie siilMinliimlioii lo the I iiiliil .-^lai. in il"' future." )linillh'il nuf, lor ociMM'il ; m. A •! criiiir (il ( i ruru'i' ^aiauvU. I, I'iit; T. iM'li iVom iialo, oil r. tiMit'^ i,,n- !■" ilii' hilt I iIh' liu'li '(•Mill, ihi' st'Coudi'il \V;is llnl Ircss \v;i- uliiu'iil or UpDVllllU'O ll r.'liitiiii: I C'oi'iuii^- idi) at ill'' was at)i'\it i'ardt'd liy •, il l)''iiin' 1- tiiih' I'l -1 III.MIIHI. ll"- lllh'MM'hl "I 'ill ll.'il Sl:llf^> iili'l ll ..I i.lllii' ri'Mi I 111-: Ini'll' l-llil> -Im.it l),.lllllll"ll- IIS |l r.iiiiiilii iiniliT liihiK.-l .-iiiii'iirii -I |-ii-'lil-""lllii' l,,.-..ii.-<-.li.|lir ll li:l\il.Mli"ll 111 ,-l..r II' WW ll III'- I'l ..lii.-l.» nlllll- li-hl'l-ii'M iml.: I inn, « . ni>iiiiliiili<>"-''> ;ll I"f '.lll IM-.I Willi ll"' Ih.-il mil III r 11.^ I > Ihryil" .iliilrv. iiii'l ■ SI 11 1. \i I, !^l !i 'jfl ^ '-1: u hi!' \'W 1 H ) ii'i ' i:'i:i! i ! "' '•«r; •202 TUTTI.KS IIISToItV Ol-' TIIR P.!nfl\TO\ OF r.WADA. illiu'ss l)y wliiih ln' w ivs nttiitkod at the closf of the M'ssiini (»1 1.^70, iiiid his icsumplion ol' his ; duties iis MiuisiiT ol' .lustici-, the niiittor wns takiMi into roiisidciatioii, iiiul, hocoiiiiim' con- ; viiu'i'd lliat Parli;iiii('iit lad cxcccdt'd its power, ^ he siilmiilted a lepoii to the Privy Coniicil on ! the li'.Mll ])eeelill)er. Is7<^ Si'tlilli; lortli his reasons lor so lliiidviiii'' ; ami sno'oested tiial the Imi>erial rarliament he ro(|Uested. llirough tiie C'ohniial Secretary, to pass an Aet n-ivin<>' eoii- stilutionality to the Act ah'cady jiassed by the Dominion rarliament. The priniiple reason was tliat no provision was made in the Hritish North Auierioa Ad for representation in the Senate or House of Commons of Rnperfs Land, or the North-West Territories, or British j ('ohiml)ia, alter tliey should have iMitered the I Un.on. the numher of members of each House \ heiiiii' lixed without any referenoo to the j changes which shouhl take phu'e on tne entry ' of any new Province into the Uniim, excei)t in tlu> eases of Prin(,'e lulward [sland and Xew- fotindland. The report of the Minister of ! Justice was adopted l>y ()rder-iu-t'ouncil, on 2nd January, 1871, and tlie draft of an Act to l>e passed by Imju-rial Parliament, submitted i)V the (lovernor-( Jeneral to the Colonial Sei- retarv. on the ;?rd January. On 'he 2tlth of January l^arl Kimberley expressed l.'s williuii- ness to obtain from Imperial Parliament the necessary leuislation, and submitted to the Governor-tieneral the draft of an Act wliich he was prepared to introduce. On the 27lh of Fel)ruary Sir (ieorg'e E. (."artier, acting on behalf of the Minister of Justice during his absence in Washiimt()n, submitted a memoran- dum to the Privy Council, with a copy of the Ad to be passed by the Imperial I'arliament. This memorandum was adopted l)y Order-in- Council, and subse(juently iorwarded to the Colonial Secretary, and passed by Imperial Par- liament. It will be observed that this action was taken by the Government without consult- inu' Parliament, although it was in ses.sion, a course which the Opposition was not likely to allow it to pursue without challenge ; and on the 'iv'th February Mr. Blake moved lor the corres- pondence between the Imperial and Dominion (iovernments in relation to the Manitoba Act. He maintained that llie leader of the Govmi- nient was bo'.uitl to sidnnil the view > ol' \\[^ j CiO\ iMinnent lo the House before till' lmpcri;il rarliament was askeil to leuislale in the iiiuil.'r. He held [..at it was on th(> responsibility ol Parliament, and not on that of the (ro\ ('rnnicni I of the dav, that steps should lie taken w liicli I miii'ht be of the utmost importance to Manituli;! Sir John A. Macdonald said hi' had no olijeitidn to bring down the corresi>ondence . Iml he doul»ted whether he could proi>erly lay hejor.' the House an Act not yet submitted lo th.' Parliament of EnL'land without consent, t »m the 1st of March Sir Georue E. Cartier >n\>- mitted to the House a message Irom iln' tiovernor-General, with a eoi)y of the eorrcs- pondence beiween the Government ami tlu' Colonial ( )tlice, liut not imluding the (iral'l nl the ])ill forwarded by I'^arl Kiml)erley. i)\\ ihr lt!th Sir Georii'c Iv Cartier, in reply to a (|ue>lioii by Hon. W. Macdou-all, said that the Draft l!ill had l)een appro\cd by the Governor-tieiuMMl and immel);L > i)lij>M|i(in ; liui \w lay hi'lorc cd to Ih" sClU. till irtii'V Mill- troui the hi' cdircs- L iind ihi- H' (lr;ili 111 y. I )ii ihi' ;l (HU'.-ll'iU '])rMli I'.ill r-(ii'iii'r:il I hi- L':;ra. )11N 111 ihr iUl)lllillril )i'iiiL;' I'lii- ilrlinU l)y t lulls. s;ii(l iiii'rils ot .\lr. - n'-..iMlioii-. ..vi'iniiifiit ll.^ l.;l.-M..- :, il i-iMisun' I'll ■inuii'iil III liiipi'rinl m 111' till' Jluiiiiiiiiiu iiul. Tho nv i'h:lll!J!C \v;is hiiil liTss Iniiii this, hi' Mil slioulil ropi't'seii- lativt's of tl)i' |)i>npli' of t'liniulii was this: vvlu'ihiT (hey wi'ic prcpaii'd to suririuU'r into thi' hands ol' tin' (Jovcninii'iit tiiat power whiiii ll>»' (lovi'rnuu'iil assiinn'd to jjosscss — the I'DW'i'r to asiv the luipiMial I'arlianu'iil to niaiect- inn' tlie North West Territories: hut he was not williiiiT to let the Government have aulhorily to move the Imperial Parliament to chaiu:e the C'onslilulion. This was not a (juestion of policy, but (Hie relatini^ to one of the fundamental priii- liples of the Constitution. He believiMl that the House was prepared to remove any doubt that miij'ht exist respecting- the leiiislalioii for the North- West ; but he a|)pealeil tu ilic lli>u>e lo lay down a rule that no allempi should be made to chaiu^'c the Hritish Noiih .Vmerica Aci, except by an .Vddre.ss to llic i^Mieeii adnpted by both Houses, which had been the iiiii\i'r>al practice. Hon. A. A. Porion llioiii;lit thai if ihe Government was allowed to mo\e ihe ImixMial Parliament in an unimporlaiil inatler. ii mielil do so in a matter of the iiliiio>i iniportaui c He moved, in amendment to the aiinnilineul, •' Tiiat on inspection of the measure proposed by the Government Of Canada lo lie sulnnilicd to the Inii>erial Parliameni Ini' the purpose of coniirmir.ii' certain Caiuidiaii leiii-lalion. depriviuii' the Parliament of Canada of ceriain existiiii;' powers, and alteijiL;' the Ibilish North America Act of l^^tlT, this Mouse wi>uld be waiitinii' in its duty if it did not express its decided opinion that no such Imperial leiiisla- lioii should be asked for by the (loverninenl of Canatla, except after the details of such propo'-ei! Icu'islatiou shall have been siibmiited to idith Houses of Parliaiiu'ut of Canada for iheir JuiIl;- meiit, and addresses of such Houses to the (^ueen. praying for such Iciiislalion, shall ha\ e been i)assed." Thedebate was adjourned . but. on the followinii' day, Sir Geoi'^e K. ("artier U'ave notice of resolutions on whieh lo found an. address prayinu;' I'or leg-islatioii on ilie Mani- toba Act — thus concediiua' what the Opposition had contended for. Gn the :^7lh the dijcit,. was resumed, and Hon. Mr. Horion's amendment was defi'ated by a vote of ;")."> lor to 77 auaiiisl. Hon. Mr. .Vng'lin and Messrs. Mills and Ma(;ken/ic sui)ported Mr. lilake's motion, and Hon. Mr. Ilolton moved that the jiillowinn' words l)e added toSir Georae IL Cartier'.s amend- ment: ''That this House is of the oi)iiiioii that no lhanges in tue provisions of Ihe iiritish North America .-Vet should be soul;1i1 by the I'^xecutive Government without the i)re\ious assent of the Parliament of the Dominion " To this amendment Sir Geove'c K. Cartier assenled, and it was achipted unaiiiinously. Sir Georue !<]. Cartier's amei'.dmenl, as am* I'ded, was then carried by a v.>te of l»lt lo '-iS. Later on in the i i-" ' i 'fill i; lJiJ m'% K 1 m 204 Trrri-Ks insroitv oi-'iiik i»()Mim(>n of <\\ \i».\. Ht'Nsion nil iidtln'ss to tin' (^nci'ii was adoj)!)'!!, ' pniyiii!; Ilial a hill should hi> Mi)>iitill(>rrial I'ai'liaiiii'iil to Iriiali/.r tho Maiiitoha I All, and lo allow (if the ci'i'i'i ion of siiiiilai' I'ldviiifo ill ruliiri- hy Ihi' Dominion I'ailianii'iil. !>ul lln- I'arliaini'nl not i(> liavr lln- |iow<'i' lo anh'nd ihf ( 'on>lilulion,s ol' sindi l*ro\ inccs without the coiiscni of the l^ocal Li'ifishiturcs. 'Ihus, it will hf M'l'ii I hat, hy adopluii; Hon. Mr. Ilollon'.s anu'inlinriit, ihc (iovcinnicnt viilually , l)as,s('(| a Vote ol rrnsuri' on iijscli. lor il as.scrlcd thai the very ihinn' which had heru :}!i;;;^ii\!i!!^,. lly the independence ol' Parlia- ' '"' ""■ ■'"''■ ment Acl, pa.ssed at the se.s.si(,n ol' iSCiT-S. parlies in the yearly enii)loy of the ' (ioxernmeni were uel»'c, in addition lo his sessional allowame and mileage, allhoui;h he resided in ( Utawa and not St. .Icdm, N.M. I Attention was called to this case hy the I'uhlic Accounts' C'omniillee in \H10. and on the -JTIh [•'chruary, Mr. lilake moved, "That in the ! opinion ol'this House it is inexpedient that any ' rntMnher ol' this House sliould lor the I'utun^ l)e I enjragecl in the sei'v i<'e ol' the (roxcrnmeni of Camida in any paid employment, such as Ihat in res|)ecl ol' whi<'li th(> Hon. .I(din Hamilton (Iray, memln'r Tor the City and County ol' Si. John, in ISOH, 4'iilered into the reeoipt ol' ^:;oi» per nn>nlli ol' puhlic moneys " He said thai i||,. existiu'^' lnde|)endence ol l'ar!iameni \ci wii.s i very del'ective, tor while il dis()uahlicd ;iiiv person receivinii' a yearly salary from llieli.,\. ernmeni, it permilled niemhers ol ihe lloiix- to recei\e monthly salaries from Ihe (fo\ i-rnnu'iil. , Willi reuard to Hon. Mr (rray. he drew s:l(M> per month for Iwo years, makinu- !5«7.'JOO ; durinu' the s.ime period he recei\ed s.").;')l)0 I'roni the ( (niario < lo\ ernnieni a.s an .\ rliilrator, and iSldO from the Domin nn Croverumein U,r serxine- in the same capacity: ijl.ii'to I'or two years' si'ssioinl allowaut'cs, and >i.1s ! !';,i- milea piil iiiid (Hirictl l>y ;i voli- i>t' St to ."> I. LmIi'I mi iii till' si'Nsioii Sir (icoriic I'lillilli'il liis inoiiiiM', iiiul iiilroiliici'd a Itill MMHiiiii^' ijir lii*li>|i(>ii(lt>iiri> ipj I'lirliiiiin'iil, w liirli \\ ;i.s pnsMMl. Tins Act |)rii\i(li's ilnil lln' linMiiii;- III' ;iiiy nllicc, coimnis- siiiii. or t'iii|>liiyiii('iit, lu'iiiMiii'Ml or tfiiiiioriiry, ill till' iioiniimtiiiii of (In- Cvown. to w liicli iiiiy siihiiy i>r ollior I'liioluiiifiil is attiiclu'd, disijuali- lii's :i |)i'ix)ii \'nn\\ Ix-iiiLi- flee ted to, and siltiiiLi' ill ilii' ! loii.sc of ( 'oiiiinoiis Tliiis. I'or till' siToiid nun , llic Gov cnmii'iit arci'iilcd a- motion of tln' I i|i|iusition, li. 'I'lic (jiicsiion ol (lie Indi-priidcnci' of l';iili.iiiirnt caiiii' closi' on Ix-iiiii an iinfori uiiati' A,-™,., In M...„n. ""•■ '■'"■ ''"' v.'inun'nl. Not 111!' s't',r'''\'Ti'.''' «"ii<»'iit with cndfavonrinLf to '"''' .sccni'f tile Indi'in'iiilfnii' of ihi' iliiii-c of Conuiions, till' ()|)|iositi(»n also cndca- Ndurt'd to i)id\ idc for ih." Indt'pi'iidciicc of the Si'iiatc; and Mr. lUaUc introiliK cd a JJill on lln' -■'Inl l''('liniaiy, wliiili proN idcd III ii no Si'uator >iii>iild Itc appoiiili'd to any ollicc of (Mnolnniciil. On till' r.ill coiiiinu: up for second rcatliim, on -Till March, Mr. Klakc said llial the duties of a Si'iialor Were of lh(> iiiii'hest iinporlaiiee; and as the electors had no opporl unit y of proiioiincini;' l)eri(i(ii('ally on the manner in which Si'nalors Ii;hI liillilled those duties, it was all the more iiiiportnnt ihat the inde|)endence ol' that hody slionid he securi'd, and no opeiiinu' hd'l for the 'iiivi'ninient of the day to reward pliant Senators 1>.\ a|>poinlinL;' lliem to remunerative ollices. I le liiiil heeii careful to avoid even a sendilamc ol encroaihiim- on the ( ■oiistitulioii, and had not proposed that persons holdinu- ollicc should not 1h' iippointed to the Senate, hut simply that Senators should not he appointed to ollice. He point, '(I out the evil dfects of allowing- the |'oiiiliiii>- them to some ollice. and then ek'VatiiiM- them to the Senate, ami instanced 'he case of Mr. McLelan. who had heen called to the Si'iiate from the House, and appointed I liiiiUvay ('(nnmisiom'r. .He held that the utmost precaution oui^ht to he taken to secure the indcpeiideui (• o| the Senati ^o as |oNed to the Senate hciiiL;' made a rclim'c for worn-out politicians, and thou'.^iii thai the (lo\<'rnmenl oiiulit not to he allowed t he opporl uii it V ol Using its inlluelice to hilldel' llie illdepelideiil action of llie Semite. M''. Mackenzie said that ln' had supported the nominative »y.stem for the Senate, hut experience had partly .atislied him that he had made a mistake, a til.' I IM'er llou> had teen made stdtservient to the (iovcrnnient of the day to ser\ e their o\\ n inirposes. 1 Ic denied that there was any disrespect to the Senate implied hy the Kill, and held that it was o| the utmost importance that hoth Houses should he free and indepeiulenl of Executive inlliience Hi' said il was indeceiil, to say the least of it, to lind a i:enlleman hciim' elevated to the Senate who had helied his own profi's,--ions, and who had suddenly hccoiiie allied to the (iovcrnnient for a i)arlicular purpose, and who was under- stood to ha\e heen promised al the lime a seat in the Senate. Mr. David Mills supported the hill and was opposed to the iiominaii\e svstem. He did not helieve that Ihe Sen.iti lid h converted into a Magdalene Asylum for prosti- tuted politicians seduced hy the (ioveriiineiit. .Altera lew remarks IVoin Mr. lllake, a \oie was taken ami the second leadiiiii- was deleated hy only one \((|e, the liLfures standiiiL;- ,")7 for and .">S aeainst. 7. ~< >n the lOth of Mar, h. Sir Francis Himks made his Hud'^,'t siteeidi, show iiii;' that the counlrv \vas in a prosiierous eon- .,, ,. , dilion, ami thai the rcvi'iiu,' ha,l ,^,',',',!|~,'|",',',';'"| n,,. exceeded the cxpeiidil Ule hy i"'""'- $2Ui',ti.)ti. He referred to various statements *i 1,i "■ ' ■ ?i .Ai f* 1 Ill !|!| lili: ' : i ■111 Hi u ' ''!; 20fi TITTLKS HISTORY (»F TIIK I)()^[INI()N Ol' CAXADA. thill had hi'cii iiiado al Opposition mcctiiiiis duriiiu' V('ci's,s, and snid that tho asscrlions tliat tho Govoniini'iit vas in Hiiancial dillicullie.s wort' aitoiit'llu'V iinroiuKh-d. He liad had a .state- ment ol' tlu' exact londition of the lounlvy prt'i>ared, l)y whicli it was shown tliat tht'tol.d incvcas*' (tl' debt sini'c Conledi'vatioM was *l',481.1ii1. wliilr ^tJ.V.l,.'^:!,) liad been six'iit on pnl)lio works, showinu- thai !5i2,:2TS,2'14 had l)otMi expended onl ol' income whieli she.;. Id he charued to capital account. The expenditure on the InlercoKinia! iiad been i«il,7<*>7.4.")l, and lor acquirinii' anil openinu' up llie Norlh-Wesi, !$l,S21,8i'0. A iireat deal had l)een said aln)ut the money lor building' the intercolonial ; he beu'<>-ed to say that the money was all in iJaidc beariiii;' interest, lie admitted that there had been an increase in the ("ivil Servic •■xpendi- ture. but claimed that that was only the necessarv conse(|uence ol' the i!ro\vth of tln^ country, part of tlie increase beiKj"- recpiired for lakinsj; the tcnsus, and part for increased postal facilities. He called attention to the great increase ol' tradi' during tlie previous six months, and said Canada liad risen Iroin the position of the eleventh to that of the eighth iountry in the volume of her trade with the Motiier Country. No country received so large an amotnt oi ijDods per head from (Ireai Ihitain as('anrd;> di.l ; and while the I'liited Slates oidy imported ;:bout C'l!0. 00(1,(1011 from (Jreat llritain, or ten shiilings [)er iiead. Canada imported tJ('>,0O0,0O0, or about one [Hiuiid ten shilliims per head of her imputa- tion. iSpcakini:- of the increase of (h'bt. he said liiat the assets had increased proportionately, and called attention to the rapid increa.se of value in various parts oi the country, and esp<'eially in the Home district in Ontario, where the assessed value had risen from ^1. .")()( 1,000 to iSidll.OOd.dCO, in thirty years. The receipts for the i»revions year had amounted to Sl.'')..'')12,22.">, beiuii' !S.'^(!2,225 over the estinniled receii)ts; tlie I'Xpeiidilure had been lariicr than had l)een expected, lull still left a balance of |2G'.(,(;o(; to be applied tn t!u> Siidving fund. For the then current year be estinuited thai the revenue would reach ab.iul !|17,:!OO,0OO, which would show a surplus of $l,80(t,0()0, sul)jectof couim' Id any suppltunentary grants Parliament iniuln vote. l'\)r the year ending •'JOth.Iune, 1872, Ih.' estinuite was ^2'),t)82,;)72, of which $7, 84(1, '.i id was i'orpul)li(' works c:hari>'eahh> to capital ; tlu'ie was also s 1, 04(1, 000 for redemption of debt, mik! !iii400.000 for North-West expenses. lcu\ in-- ih,. actual estimated exi>endituro at s;l(;.:',iij,siis. This was a larg(> amount, but a portion ol ii was for exceptiomil exi)enses, such as lakiiiL;- IJu' census The estimated revi'uue was :Jl(l,.^l(),(i(Hi. sliowiuL;' so considerable a suri)lus thai, iln' Go\'ernment fell justilied in making some n- duction in taxes. IL was proposed to iciumv,. the live per rt^ni. duty on Customs imposed tlu' previous year, and to place certain raw mateiials which entered into manid'aciures, and now paid duty, on the free list. Sir A. T. Gait expre^s.'d satisfaction at llu' exliibit nnuh' by the l""inaii. ■■ Minister, but^ there was oiu> point he hail not touched on whii'h was the increase in the volume of trade, whi(di he fouiul had risen rnmi sil2n,.-)00,00(l in lS(J7-8 to !i;14(i,000,00(i i.i l^H'.i 70; but he regretted that the (rovernmeni lind not adopted the reconimeiulations of the W.sl India Trade Commission with regard le encouraging trade with tliose colonies. ]!.■ <'omplained that tho llnancial policy ol ilir Government, as shown by their Bankinu and Insurance legislation, had the ell'ect of absorliiiiu' the llo.iling cai)ital whi' h ought to be used in public enteri)rises. The ell'ect he said miylil nel be felt ill lime of prosjierity, but if adxeisiu should overtake us the result would be nidst dis- astrous. The resiUt so far had been to eiialdi' the Government to show a plethora of nieney. and he feared this would lead to unaeees>;iiv extra \aiiance. He reiiretted to see the (!(Uirn- ments of Ontario and <^ucl)ec adoptiniia railiond policy which wotdd be unremuiierativi' lor years; and was .sorry to see that the (leiimd Government showed no exami>le of ecoiiDiny There were two .sources of expeiulilure, one o\. i whith the (ioveinment had no cdiiirol ilic interest on the publii (l(d)t and the sid)si(lirN lo the Provinces; and one over which llie\ did ha\i' control — the ordinary expenditures, lie (lOVMHXMKNT OF LORD LIS(iA IJ- SKSSIOX OF PAiM.IA.MFXT. 1871. ■J(|- wax sorry lo i«(M' tlial IIk^sc were stoadily .uul nipiilly iii(r('asini>'. In 18()7-S (he cxponditurt' over which ihc (lovmimciit luid control was s:),:,l(i,iMi(l; ill 1868-iti(, liado-rown t()§5,(!;>4,000 ; ill isdii-TO to $(;,24;5.00(i ; in 1X70-71 to $7,018,000, and the estimate ibr the next year wass8.0(!0.00(), showiny- an increase in live years of forty-live per I'ent , thirty per eeiil. oj' which hail l)ccn inadt! in the last year, lie thoniiht the CTitvernnii'iit was too much disposed to I'liiiiiiiC in laiii'e pnhlie works, many ol' which were not absolutely needed. The enii'auomonts whicli had been (Miti'i'cd into were beyond our iiii'aiis, and, coupled with the absorption of the cash capital, would lead to linancial enibarrass- meiils, w hii'h would lead to an incrc'ase of taxation at a time wdien the country would be los,s able to bear it. He thouuht that the House should interpose its inlluence to check this cli.'^position towards lavish expenditure bel'ore it was too late; and he, iherelbro, moved the tollowiug amendment to Sir Francis Hinck's motion that the House l;o into Committee oHVays and Moans: "That the Si)eaker do not leave I the I hail, but that it l)e n-solved that thisHss than it had bi>en the lirst year allrr CoMJederation. Mr. Cartwright argued that we could not (>xi>e(t to ))e always enjoying a period of prosperity, and it was unwise to enter into extensive eimiUicinents which iniiiht ho scveily felt should a period of depression overtake us. He thought that the country had uiiilertakeii to do quite as much as it could hi. rim la.M'h .\.'i. safely liuarantee, in agreeing to build the Intercolonial and open up the North West. Sir (reortre K. Cartier claimed that the Government was only spendinu' its surplus, and reducinu' instead of increasinu' taxation. Alter some furtlii'r debate l)y Messrs. Oliver and Holton. who suiiported tlu' amendment, and Sir Francis Hiiicks, who opposed it, a vote was taken and resulted in its defeat, '■'*', voiiiig for it and 01 against. The House tlien went into Committee of Ways and Mt>ans. and. on motion of Sir Francis llincks, the li\ .■ per cent, tax onCu.stonis duties imposed the pre\ ions year was taken oil'. 8. — The forly-iirst section of the IJritish North America Act providi'd that all laws relating to elections in the vari oils Provinces of members n ] Local Legislatures should lie applicable to elee- [ tioiis for nicmbi'i's of the House of Commons I until the Dominion l^irliaincnt should pass a general Act ri'gulating the election of members j ot its own body, and tlu' Governiiieiit had ! promised such an .Vet at every session of I'arlia- raeiit. but had only submitted one. which contained so many ol)jeclioiiable features that it was withdrawn. .Vs the ueneral (dectioiis, however, were apiiroachinu, the Crovernnienl could not very well postpone the matter over the present session, and. accordiimly. on the 2sth of February, Sir Ueorgi' I']. Carti(>r intro- jl duced a bill to make temporary provision for the election of members of the House of Commons. In doiii"' so, he exiilained that the (rovernmeiit i thought it liest that the apiiroadiing licneral (dec- tioii should take place under the laws existinn' in the several l'ro\ inces at the time of Coiifedora- tion, and a ueneral law could iic p.issed later. the .\ct proposed lieiiiu' only intended to remain in I'orce two years, 'flie interim law provided that there should be only mie day's poiliiui' ; polling- [ilaces to lie i>ro\ ided for cvcrv lioo Noters. Mr. Mackenzie conuratulatod tlie 1 ■ (Tovernmenl on haviiiL!' adopted some of the suii'Li'estions made by the Opposition of the. ! previous riirliannnt. but regretted that the ' principle had not been adopted of having the elections all lake jilace on the same day, us v\ as ■ i :i' '] i>l( [1 t£' i fIfpPFW ; i li 1 ' \ !l|. ( 1 ^- 1 ; r'' ''f 1 : .' ■ ■ {1 r , fipF' ■n ! i'J i .'OS TCT'I'I.KS IIISTOI.'V ol'TIIK DOMINION oFCANAPA. the law ill Ontario. He objccti'd to an clcclioii takiiiu' phirc in one coiistilin'iicy (Hi mu' ilay and in anotliiT si'vcial wccl^s i^rter. as il opciu'd tln> door for corniplion. lie opposed the 1)111 l)0(aiisi> it I'liartt'd in'iliifr one tliin-i' nor tiie otiicr: il adojili'd jiarls oj' ilu- I'lcrtural laws in till' (iiHi'n'iit rrovinccs, 1ml not tlio whole of tlioni. lie ihouuhl the simplest wny wonid he to adopt not only the iVanehise, i)nt the whole eleeloral law of eaeh Pfovilieo, and lei the elee- tions lor the House ol' Coininons he i-ondueled in the same manner as the local eleelions. On the seeoml readiiiii lion. Mr. Dorion moved an anieiidment to the elleet thai K'eturnini:' Ollieers should iiol ha\i' the riuhl to (|uestiiiii the validity of the voters" lists, and disl'raiK'hise munici- palities, as had heen the case in Kamouraska. A short debate ensued — in the course of wliich Mr. (ieoH'rioii slated that not lessllial twenty coiislil- ueiieies ill i.^uelnH' had Inul some oi' I heir inunici- palities dislranohised hy Returninii- Ollicors — alter which 8ir Cn'orac Iv Carlier aureod to acce])! Hon. Mr. Dorion's amondiiienl. On the third leadiim- Sir (leorii-e iv ("artier said that, as ree-ardi'd Nova Scoiia. tlu' law of 18(>7 would prevail. He rel'erretl lo the action of the Local Le^-islatnre of I hat pioviiice in tlisqnalifyinii' Dominion ollicials, and said that Dominion oliici.ils ill Nova Scotia would he allowed hy the .\ct lo vole ai elections for the Jloiise of Commons. Mr. Jones (Halifax) said lii> was not prepared to lei jiass undispuled the unfair action of the (lovernmeiit with regard to Nova Scoiia. The (iovcrnment was ahoul to take from Nova Scoiia the control over its own alliiirs. He asked why the (ioverniueiit allowed New Ibuiiswiek lo relaiii the ballot, and took il away from Nova Scoiia. lb' ))oiiiled on! thai Dominion ollicials were prevented from votiim' in < •ntario and Quebec, and claimed that Nova Scoiia .should he allowed the same privileiie. ( )n eoncurrenco, several ameiidmeiils were iirojiosed and lost, the most iniiiorlant beinu' one by Mr. Younii' - that the elections ihroimhoul the jlominion should take ])lai c on one duv ; and one bv Mr. Mills that there should be only one ixilliiii;'- day in eaih Province — the latter beiiin' only lost I by seven votes. The bill was then pas.sed I*. Ill accordance with the j)olicy forc-liM- dowed in his bnduet siieech. Sir Francis lliiiek.-, on the 14th of March, moved the , , • i / 1 •, , A.l.lili.ni.. t., II.,. House into (. ommiltee on a series I'l..- i,i^i. ii,,. .i„n , . . . , ,, "II lllMlll H-k l.;ul,. ol resolutions uiviiiij' to the [ (ioveriior-in-("ouncil ihe power to place on ih,' l'"ree Lisi, Iroin time to time, raw maleiials le Reused in Canadian Manufactures, and id^n . machinery on proof beiiit;' ;.>lduced thai ihr j .same could not l)e manufac turetl in Caiiiidn. j The rosolutioiis met with considerable (cppc^i- lion from Hon. Mr. Ilolton and others partly on the liround that it was an immense power to place in the hands of tin' (!o\ eminent on tiie I eve of a n'eneral election, the riyht to l'a\iir certain classes by placing!' u'ooils on the I'ree bisj ; ] and partly on the ground of li'eneral opposition to anythiiin' ai>proacliiiii>' proteelion. ( >n llie motion to concur in Ihe re.sohitioiis Hon. Mr Holton desired to lake the souse of the Ibuiso. and moved in ameiidmeut : "That the resohi- tions bo not concurred in. i)ut that it be resolved that in the opinion of this House it is im'xpr- dieiit to clothe the ICxeculive with power le determine \\ hat arti(des shall be adiiiitled free el dx\ty.'" The amendnient was lost by a vete el :{7 for to S4 against, and the resolutions aas.sed. On the same day llii' Governmenl sustained what was a virtual del'iMt and auain showed how little unili'd the ('ahiinl was on some (jiiestioiis of lisial policy. \ eiv Heiieral complaints had been made, l)y |iarlic.- iii- I torestod, of th(> wholesale destruction of lii'inlnck trees wliii h w'as y'oiiiu,' on in order lo obtain the bark for exi>ort to the United Stales where I here \vas a lari;t> demand for it for tanninii' piirpoMs; and lirave fears were entertained tlnit the supply would become so exhausted as to seriiiic-lv inconvenience our own tanners. With a view to protectiiiii' our own manufactures of leather. Sir Francis Hiiicks introduced a rcsoluliei: imposini;' a lax of one dollar ami a hall per cord on hemlock bark. The jiroposal vva'- net \ cry favorably received by the House, se\ eiid memboi's w ho gvueially supported the Cioverii- lai'lii'.- 111- COVHItXMRNT OK I-OffD F.ISdAR-SKSSlON OF I' Airi.I AMKXT, 1S7I. 2(»'.» iiii'ii ( opiKisinii' il, the priiK ipal iivitiuin'iits hcinn' || lions prayinii' Inr llif rcix-al ol tlic ilutics wi'n Ihal llii' laniii'i-s (Hiiilit li> 1) llowi 'il to maki- ' proscu ted Iroiu ill" I toiiiiuiou Itoaid ol Tradt ;ill liicy could wliilf clfaiiui;- llu'ir lands, and iuul oilier foiiiiiifvrial liodics : and on Sir Francis ilial ihc duty proposed was not hiyli eiioutili to i Ilineks moviiiii' llie se.ond readiiii;- of lli(> 1(1 any real protection to the liendocU I'oresls. : Customs liill, on -Jiind Marcii, Hon. Mr. llollon alio bill woi liitlc money lid simi)l\ ha\(' 111 e resu It pullniii' a moved, in aiiuMidmenl, " Tliat the hill l)e releru'd lie into liie poekels of tlie taiiiu'is. oil the jollow- hark ( ommillee o r the Whole lortliwith tc resolution was acUtpled nil!' (I ■>' J^ir (Jdveriune hut innoniieed that tin it had (h'l'ided lo withdraw tin raiicis II llle resi iiiii' a; ilnlion, on account ol' th ainst il mt e expression ol' I'eel- l also hocaixse th e memners repeal the duties on Hour, coal, coke and wheat." Sir l'"raneis Iliiirks said that whate\er miuhl l>e the opinion as lo the propriety of these duties there co\ild he no douht as lo I he impropriety ol' repealini; Iheiii at the iiresent moment, when the .loint llisih Commission w IS ss 1 called I'or the veas and nays on the vnolion lo i' \v< )e (inder consideration, and he tliouuht nild he v er y nl\ ise( lor the llou.^ ta Ko anv c<» nrse which miiiht iiilerlere with withdraw, which was carried hy llii to II. 10 — The liscal policy ol" the Government ] the i)roi)osed action of the Commissioners. f ^tion on which the memhors of the ! Hon. Mr. llollon avu'uetl that there was no was a (j\i( b|-.' ..nil. alii net seenu'd lo lind it hard i ^'viden. o to show Ihal the suhJeci w is iimle •N'jhMii.il l'..lic\'. to auit ■moiiiJsl liemseu cs. cons ideration hy the Joint lliuh Commi and ( in il the (lovernmcnt was dcsliiu'd to suH'er ! ii^t !'" ; =' n.l U'ld tiiat the (iue-.iioii i ssion eallv was a (lefeal this session. Tin Nat lona 1 Poll wliethcr the experience of the [last yi'ar juslilied the imposition of taxes on Hour, coal, salt 'he retention of these duties or iiol, and not wheal and other izrains at last session of I'arlia- ineiil was callerofessedly and oH'o'tively Protective Tarilf. it no sooner hecame ai-parcnt Ihal thoro was a possihilily of satisfactory arraiuivmonts of reciproc'ly heinu' arrived at hy omiuissioii niiniil Sir C«eor<'-e Iv what the Joint llinh do or say on the suhjeel, Cartier claimed that I he imposiiioii of lhes( duties had heeii productive of much li'ood li Nova Scotia, Onlario and (.hu'hi'c U\i also. that thev had liad oiu ood result in makiiii;- llie rniled Slates C omiress more willinii- lo reduce the duties on these articles, lion. M ler a renew tin Holt on iiinu d thai CoiiLircss hid not oeen .leiut Hi 11 Commission, than a disposition inllueiiced at all h\ he imposition of th 111 repeal the Act was shown. Tin amoun ( ,)|' duties, hut had only ucled in the interest.' ivveiuie tlerivcd from il was not very luriiv ; hut '••[■'^ '■'^"'; '['' ii""r. mrMi. «hn,c nn.i ^-n.iii,. iMi|M,ii,,i , tu, aphi Hill. »;l.« ^llHl.llll. On lluil ilu.V 111! .NMli III IV'li. Wl'lll illlll ill. I'l. iiiipiisinii' a tax at all on Hour and coal lU'ovod iiniiiiiiMtiiii..ii.siimi..nin..>< r.ir.M.nMinii.ii.m imm iiini.ini.. i.nii.oni.ii mere aiuioviiiii' than hemdirial lo holli Nova Iho.voiir wiTi.ii.s r.illiiu... :~Kl.iiir. 1.1' wli.'iil an. I i :I|:J.:!1I liani'l.i. xalui'il Scdlia and ( )iitario--lhe t w (( proviiict>s il wasiii- : iim.v .■..iir.U'.i 111 .IJl.ii(:i: I'lili'i.-.l l.ii- staples. — iuid allhouu'h the Inter-rrovincial trade was iiicriMsed, and more No\ a Scotia coal found il> way into Canada than had over done hel'ore, still liiiih sections were (juile williiiL;' lo repeal tile .\ci and allow holh Hour and coal to he ag-aiii ;uliiiilled duty froo.* During Iho session poti- si.in, il a|i|.i.ar>' llial llii' al $llii l.ir ill|..MIII|>lli liiish.-N iliii'.l ai fr.|'.,:ill : .111 'i lui^li.'l.-, v.iliu'.l al ,».iSi.'.,!«l : 'llllT. .1 r..r ..ns)iiii|iliiiti, :ilii. liii^li.'l.'. Iii.'.l al $7ii:l.ii.M ; iliil.\ .•l.'.l. .■ii-7,l>i'(.i I t .As a iiiMlU'i' 111' lai'l, a |iri'|i.isill.iii l.. ii'iicw llir lli'i'i|.r..i'il.\ M'r.'al.v mi IIm' liasin 111' niiiliially ailiiiilliiii.- .'..al. sail an. I llsli I'r.'i. al iin.' al'irr 1st -liil.v. Is7l,lia.l lici'ii ni.-i.ti' h.\ llir .Ain.'ri.'Un C.nni nissi.ini'r.- Ill linili.'r I.iIIk. liiil iliitli C.iniiiiissi.in. mill was iin.l.'i' i.l.'i'alnin al II U' Vl'I'.V llll.l' I l.iiil li.'l'.ir.' rai'liiini.'iil iil ilii lliis ili.scn?<,Hi.in Ml in till' ll.intiniiiii l*arli)iini'nl. an a.'i'.mnl ii ' llii 111 ivlii.'h |ir..|iiisiliiin will In' I'.iiiii.l in ..iir .'liaiilor mi Ilic 'rii'al.v nl" Tall' Wasliitmlmi. 24 'Il U i!i f > 1 pll l l ll l \ir. f ::i ■■:': •' L'lO Tl'TTlJ'lS IIISTOUY Ol-'TIIH DOMINION' OK CAXADA. of its own people. Messrs. Workman, Mimill, Beiitty, Oliver, (Jalt, HarrLsoii. Cartwrinlil, Mills, Kirkpalrii'k, Blake and Ciirrie spoke in favor of llie a!)()lilion of the duties ; and Messrs Tilley. Tiipiter, Howe. AVhitehead, (iil>l)s, Cameron, (Huron) Jackson, Gray and Colby in favor of retain inmo\'ed from salt, ))eas, bran, barley, rye, oats, Indian-corn, ')iu'kwheal, and all ii'rain ; and Imm Indian-meal, oatmeal, and Hour. Sir Francis Ilimks tlien said that the (lovernnuMit was of opinion that if the duties were to be removed they .should be tiikeii en lifnc from all the articles on which duties had been imposed last year ; the (iovernment would, therefore, support Dr. Blanchet's amend- ment, but would oppose Mr. Helton's. Dr. IJlaiifhefs amendment was th(>n ( arriod by 102 for to :2s ayainst, all tli.- MinisI'MN votin:.', for it. After some further debate JIou. Mr. llolton's amendment was put and carried by a voti^ of S3 to ").■), the Ministers votiiiii- au'ainst it, but many of their licneral supporters \otinii' for it; as Mr. D. Mills exclaimed, "Thus died, aii'ed I'leven mouths, the 'National rolicy.""'* 11. — Four liiiaiicial measures of eonsiilerable iiiiixirtaiice were |)!issed during the session, one • Vi i-^ Ainiliii, I'.iirllii', I'.iMly, HiMul.icii. lli'clinnl, lii'iiiiil. Illiiki' liliiiiclirt. Iliilliih. ISniiiiiss.i, ItiiwiiKiii. ItriMis^i'iiii. lluiiic'c, Ciiruii. i'.-rrlwr'iulit. ClirM.I. Cliiinuiiti, <'iinuii, <'(ii1iii, Cniiiijil, ('niwl'iinl (Lcoils). CiirriiT. I'i'Itiriih', hiirri'siii'. I*\Ti-i>. l-\ii-ltfs, Kiirtirr. Fniiriiiisr. (tiill, iliiuilc't, ili'iillii ili'tiili' (Iiiiliii, IhiKcr, Ihirrisiiii. i:<>li~i.ii (Siiuliniurs). .M;i,--i'ii (Ti'i-n' i.Hhiic). .MM.''luiit.Mll lI.Mii;irlU, .MM.''|.'uu;ill(ll<'Mli't'»i. MrMuni,'.. .MiTiill. .Mills, .M..Hiill, .Miirisi.ii aii'l.iiiii, 0,1, Oliver, I', I'l, I'cny, I'l'iirsnn. I'clli'li.'r. I>irk:ii', U"S.^ (Wcllinnllllll, It.Mlll (,MilllllCill Wl-yl], Si'iili'hi'nl, Siiiilli, Siii'li'r, Stirlmi. 'riii>iii|isiiii liliiliiiiiiiiiKll. TIiiiiii|'m>ii (On(iiriii), 'roiii-tini^iNitt. Tri'mltlti.N , W'hIIhim', \\'!*II,-, Wnrkriuiii, \\ri..(lit, CMiiittii c'i.,1. WiiBlii ^^■|ll•l<,^hl|.;-s:i. \ w.s— .An'li.-iriili.iiilt. Aiilt. ItjiKi-r, liclliTosp, Iti'rlriiri»i', ,1,i<'k.- Imu's (l.i'cti^l, lu'cln , |jiiiiif('\ in, litipiiin, jjinv.'^nri, .Mi'Di.iitilil (.Vnliudnisli), .Mchniiniil (l.iiruMi liiii'itl. .Mi'lliiiiuiiii Criiri'i' llivi'i'sl. Mi'Ki'jifiii'v. .Me.Milliiii, .Morris .Mcirrixoii (.Miiuiinil, I'crry, t'iii.-'oiiiii'iiiill, Hi'liiliiillc, llnss (Hiinilii''), Hii.-'.- (PriiMT I'Mwnril), Uyuii (Kititfs, ,\.H,), ,Sji\iiry, Smvci-, Sinmr)}, Sliii|i,"ipn, Siriicl, SylMiiii, Tillcy, Tiipi'i'r, Wulib, Wliiti', Wliitclwiin WillHiiii— : 1st. To arrange llieir matters with the (Jovernment, hand over < ir assets and allow the Government to manai.!!' ihi'tn as a Crovernment Savings Bank ; 2nd. To inc(n-i)orate thems.'lves with any chartered Iiauk in the Dominion"; ;]rd. To become incorporated themselves with a i)aid-up capital, tweiilv-live per cent, cf such capital to be paid liv instalments; any surplus they may possess to be invested in Oovernnient funds for charilahii' purposes. The (piestion of assimilating lln' currency In. t occupied the attention ol' lin' House at previous sessions, but had been post- poned out of deference to the wishes of tlio Nova Scolia members; now it was felt thai the inconvenience of having one kind of ciinencv j in Nova Scotia and another in the other I'loviines was too o'reat, and the bill providiii"' a uiiiioriii 1 ' • • • currency for the Dominion was passed by lln' (iovernment. One object of the bill w.is to force British as well as American silver oiil ol ! circulation, and siibslitiite( 'anadian silver. Mr. Chipman and a few others endeavoured lolnive the currency of Nova Scotia allowed to ivniain as it was, and, failiiio- that, to have the date ol the act I'oming into force extended to Ist I .laiiuary, |s7'J, instead of 1st .Inly, IS7I, Imt without snecM'ss, an aiiiciidinent to that clf'rt I by Mr. Jones of Halifax, being defeated \>\' n I vote of 27 to IM), and the bill was passed, .J (iOVHIfXMKNT OF I.OIJD LISdAU- SHSSIOX <)K PAHLIAM KNT, IS7I. 211 Misri'llMiM"!!." Arts i.,i.-o.i. allowiiiii' 'lu' VJ. — Amoiii^st tho othfv public hills piisscd, was 0110 t'xtoiulinu,' the Census Act to Maiiitoha and Biitisii Colunihiii, iind inu' tor takin<>- ill Algoma, the Magdtrlen Islands and other rt'inote phioos to he extended to 1st September. All Act indeiiinilyiiui- the (roveniment lor the amount expendeeribes the manner in wliidia coni|)any may rcliie i'rom business, so as to provide lor the security of policy-holders, and also the manner of procedure in the event ol' tiie failure of a idiiipanv. Acts were also passed extendiiii;- tlie statutes to Manitoba and Ibitish Columbia ; ;,.i(l for the estahlishment of militia districts in those Provinces. A l)ill was iutr(»duced in the Si'iiale with reference to tho seizure of fon-iyn vessels ILshiiiii' in Canadian waters, providiim,' tiiMt tiiey may be taken to corlain desiunated [iiirts instead of !o the luiarest port, and refill la ting tho distribution of the proceeds of the sale of such conli.-icaled vessels, Amonnst tiie private bills were acts ineorporatinii tht\ Metropolitan Bank, Montreal, with 11,000,000 cai)it:d ; tho Modford Dislriit IJank 01 AV^aterloo, cdunect with the North Shore liaihvay of Quebec; the Kingston and Pembroke Ivaiiway Company, with !»;1,2.")0,()()() to build a road from Kingston to I'embroke. The Sauli Ste. Marie Railway and Ihidne Company, with .•J10,OO0,O()O capital, to build a railway from Sault St. Marie to connect with projerled rail- ways at Nipissinii', extend a branch to coiinoct the Toronto, Simcoo and Miiskoka Junction Railway at Ib-acebridn'c, and to construct a railway bridge acros.s the riv«'r Si. Mary, and connect with the ]\Iichigan Railways. The Fredrickton and St. Mary's Hriduc Company, with a capital of $.'500,000, fi>r hrid-in- the St. John River; and the Dominion Teloiiiaph Company, with sj 1,000,000 capital, were also incorporated. Altogether hiriy jmblic and twenty-eight i»rivate Acts ,vere ()asse(l. \'\. — Two of the most important subjects discussed at this -session were the Ariiitration l>et ween the I'rovincesofC )iilario h.'li:lli- nil ill.' U'lI.U'l' and (Juebee wit'.i rei>ard to the 'i Oi.' iiiii-..'..i..iii,ii. allotment of tho surplus debt of the rrovince of Canada at the timo of Confederation, and the admission of British Columbia, both of which we treat of in separati^ chapters. .Vnioiigst the important debates were oin" on the (picstioii of the lutercohniial, and another on the distribution of laud in Manitoba. In the former the ( >p|)osi- tion strongly urged the ailoi)tii)n ol the four feet, eight and a half inch guage at once, in.stead of the live \.\\'\ six inches which was ln'iiiu- put (!')Wii, as it would be cheaper to chaiu^c it at once than to do so after the road was comi>l"ted. It was aru'ued that th" narrow-iiuaoe was beiui;- universally adoptctl throuu'hout the continent, and that all the triiuk lines must event ua 11 v adopt that guage in order 'omako ihrouiili eouuectioiis, and that the tireal Western Company had already changed thei.-iUiiue. llou. Mr. LaiiLic in said that the (loveriuv ,il had taken the suhjcci ol gauge into considoralion, and il wa^ found that it would cost about si, 000, 000 lo . haiuiv the Luayo of the lines runniiiL!- from llalilax I lo Trill ■>, and from Amher.st ti> Moiicti 1 ; bui the sericiis obstacle in tlie way of adoi)iiim the narrow guage was the (Jraiiil Trunk, It 1, was most th'sirablc that the Intercolonial and [•■ h W i! I| 'I .! f\}l4\ ' i I ii \l ■l\-2 TITPLKS IIIST()I;Y OF TIIK DO.MlN'loX OF CAXADA. tlic Grninl Trunk slioiikl be tin- same unano, so as to avoid liioukiiig' bulk, and he did not considor that (he (riaiul Trunk coiild ali'ord thcoxponso ol' chanu'ing its i^uano. wliicli would involve an ex- penditure oi' about .s:!,O00.0tlO. The subject was then dropprd alter some further diseussion. 14. — On the second of March, Sir George E. ("artier laid on the table a messa<>e i'rojn the I'ni.ii. hiii.Niii Crovernor-Ueneral containing an ^' '"'■'■ Order in Council respect ing the reiiulation of public lands in Manitoba. These related to the system ol' survey : distribution of the 1,400,000 acres reserved ibr Half-breeds; ssttlenuMit of Crown Lands ; pre-empt 'oii rights ; homi'stead rights : (,>xoniption of ceitain lands anrftM>n.^ of luit' iniU' s.niure fat'!! : ainl rn;nl allowaiu'o (uic chain wi'ii- sliaM In- allnwcil liotwi-en all tn'.vii.'lii|.< aiul .'rcliuiis. Tlio riili'riiiitiiiiial IhiiiiiiImi'.s lint' t" rnriii the ha.^is of tn\vn.'i|ii|is 1 anil -'. Tlii; WiimiiH'!-' hiiTiilian to lii' ai|"pti'ci; i.i llic linu t'rnni wliich l(iwii. .-hall nnmlicr iM.-t ami we-t. In llu' survey ol' an.v ami cvrry tnwn.'^hiii the ililli'ii'iii-y III- siii-iiln-'. a- the i-asc may lie, n'sullim.' fnan i-mivei-Keiii-i' nT 11 i-l-iili.iM.-^. >h,ill 111- -1-1 lint ami all.iwiil in tir.- c|iiartel- .-eetimi- mi the west liiiumlao — the area nl' tthii-h shall in Ihi- .survey he letiirneil ueeiiriliiii.' I" their aetual ei intents. Id-iTiiiiiiiiiiN lit' II.M.i -UiiKKii I.A.\Ji.«.— Kvery Ilall-lireeil resi'lenl in Manitiilia mi l-'ith .Inly, l.^Tn, ami every i-liiM ul'siieh llalt'-lireeil, .shiill he enlitleil tn share in the l,|nn,nOiiai-re.s llalt'-lii-eei| i-eserve, llie iini.st liheral eiinstriieliiin hi-iiiL' |iiit nil the wm-il " resiili-nf." Xn restrietiiin.s a." tn settleih.-nl are iiniinseil, anil the (trantee may iln as ho pleases with hi» land. The Ijienteiiant-tiiiverni'i- 111' .M.inii'ilia shall ile-iirnate the tnwnship nr iiarl.s nl' tnwi-.siiiiis in whii-li the nllnliiienls t" llaU-hi-eeils shall he inaile. .\ eensMs shall lie taken iilall wIki arc entitled tn ^■rants, and the hind divided iiitii as many l"i.s as there are elaimants : these Inls to he distriliiited hytlie l.ientenaiit-iliivernnr, the tiekels fiir the Int.s heiiiK drawn at randum Irntii a ho.x, and. as they are drawn, nnmhercil and rei-'istered in the order in ivhii-h the i-laim,ints have tirevionsly rcttistered their names. Claimants nl' the iiKe id' eighteen nr iiiiire In receive their liatents at mii-e, mimn-s tn have theirs mi enniinif nl' ace. There shall lie nndi-tinetinn nlscv 'n the distrihiition. Alter allntinent, the lands tuhe ^•n^el■ned entirely liy the law.s id' .Manitiiha. Si TTi.KMi.M iH t'iniu N I.AMis. —These prnvisiiins tn aiiply mily tn snr- veved land.-. All nn!iii|iri'|iri.ited inililie land tn he 'ipen In sale at mie dnllar jier aere. All sales tn he I'lir ea.-ll. I'UK-KMerinN Kiiiiir.-^ — .\iiy iiersnn lieiiiK the head of .-i i'amily, nr a siiiplc man ahnve the atr • nl" twenty-nne years, heinn a llritish snhjeet hy liirtli nr liatiirali/.atinn, whii has made, nr shall hereafter make, a settle- ment in iiersiin nn the imlilie hind.-, and wliu has inhatiiti-d and imiirnved the .same, and whn has erei-ted nr shall erei-t a dwellim^ theremi, may have himseir entered with the Land i Mlii-er id' the divisimi in wliieh siieh land is,aii>' niimheror aei-es mil exeeedim; hm nr niie-iinarter seetinii id' land, til ini'i'ide the ri-sidei f the i-laiinant, and ^hiain a |iateii( tliere- I'ur, iipiiii iia>ini; t" the Crnnn the iiriue nl' sin-h lands. Itehne the riiiht 111' ]ire-emtitiiin eaii he i-.xereised, the iier.snii sn a|i|dyiiiK mii.st prndiiee prnnfln the himd ttllieer nf settlement and impruvement, and make oath tn that otlieer that he has not previmisly pre-empted any land tinder the.ie reiritlatintis, and that he intends them i'nrhis own use, and tint I'nr spei-iilative pnrpiises. An.\- persmi swearinif falsely shall liirfeit Avhat iiinnoy he has depii-ited, and he lialile tn pruseeiitimi I'm- perjury. Any niiesliun lis III the riulil- nl'setllers in he settled hy tin- Land uniiii-, lIn.Mi siKAn Uii,iiis.-~Any head nf a family, nr pei.-mi nver tivonly-mie years • an(>, whn i> a !>rili-li .-iiliii-i-t hy hirlli nr nalnrali/atimi, shall he E. Cartier explained the policy of the (lovcni- ment. and said that the Government was anxious to get settlers. The plan of survey had been changed, and blocks rt>duced from 80O to i;40 acres. Every volunteer who settled would u'ct one lot as a volunteer, and another as a settli'v Hon. ^Ir. Macdousiall attacked the policy of tlif Government in reducing the grants from -200 to IdO acres. He charged that the reserve lands were ])laced under the control of the Lim-;i1 Government, which hail been packed wiih friends of the ])i)minion Government IVnm Lower Canada. Hon, i\Ir. Morris defeiidid ih • policy of the Government, and denied thai the reserve lands were under control of the jjornj Government, they still remained under i-oiuiol of the iJominion, and the Local Govenimein was only authorized to carry out dcttiils. (in the tjth Aj)ril, Hon. Mr. Macdoir all moved ihe House into Committee on certain resoluiions on which to base an ;iddn>ss to the Govenior- General, praying him to issue amended instruc- tions for the survey, distribution, seitlemeiil and sale of lands in Manitoba. He criticised the policy of the Government, and compared it with that of the United States, where pre- emption, and homestead rights were extemleil to all immigrants, whih^ by the (lovernineiit polii-y they were restricted to llriti.sh subjei ts, and thought this would have a bad elfect on intending emigrants. He objected to the reduc- entitled tn he entered for nne-iiuarter seetinn. m- a less qua lit it y- nl iinap- jirnpriiited imlilii* land fur the piirinisenf seeiiriinra hmnestead. Jli-nihi-rs I if the (Intarinand ijiiehee Iraitalimis nf vdiinleers whn set tie in .Maiiinilia shall he --'itilled tn an extra tree irrant- witlnnit aetnal i-esidem-e. nf mic- ' niiarler seetimi. .Nn ntlier in-rsiin shall he entith;il to iimre than nm- I hmiiesiead rii-dit. wliiili .shall lint e.\i-ei-d hv ai-res. The sclihr. "ii [ aiipl.\-lm; tn the Land Ollieer, must make an alliihivit that he is a lliiiisli I siihjeet, is tw-enty-mie years nld, that the iipidieatinn is fur his i-xelii-iM- i I henelit, auil that he aetually intemis tn settle. On payment i if ten dellars ; , ' ho eati ' 1 enter nil pnssessinii, and, at the e.xpiratinu of live years, -ii \ 1 1 prnid'nf residenee nr eultivatinii, tn the satisfaetinn nl the Liiid Awiil, i ho reeeives a patent I'nr the hind. A patent may he nhiained at any time |i nil iiayment nf |ire-emptinii priee. l-AiMi'Tiiixs iiF CiiiiTMS I.AMi-i.— The fnllnwiiiL' lands are imt siih.ii-i-t I" lire emptiiin nr h i-tead riL-lil- :- LaieU allntled tn the lliid-nn's llay ' ! Cmiipany iiinlor the terms nf ihe transfer nf tin Nnrth West In Canada: ■' lands reserved I'nr sehnnls: wnnd lands set apart I'm- siippl.xiiar fuel: > ! seleeled site.s nf tnwns nr villaues : lands iietnally settled and e.-i-upivl ■ j for Ihe purpnses nf trade : mineral hiuds. ' Kkkkhvathi.v fok I'Aritir Uaii.wav,— .\t any time after the 1-1 .May. ' 1X71 the (invernnr-lii-Cnuneil may. suhjei-t In then exisiinit rit-lits, wiili- ■ ' draw frnm the nperatimi nf the ahnve system land tn the width "f thr'i- I full tnwn-llit>s nil eaeh side >>\' the line liually sauelinlied I'm- l!le Il|ii'l- ;1 Oi-eanii- liaihvay, and ni.i* :il-n li-rmiiiate :ifter the same day Ilie li-'i- j llnmestead system. ' ! (tovcvu- ; i anxious ■ l;ul ln'iMl )(l to 1140 ould uvt a sellliT. ■y of ih.' Ill -200 lo •vr Innds 111' Lociil [I'd with illt IVolll iidi'd til' [ t!ml the ho Lo.;d 'V coin vol VOVUHU'llI Inils. (Ill iloVi'd the .hiliou> jovonior- d iiistvuc- icltlcmi'ut 1 rriticisi'd iparcd ii >ri' i>rt'- 'xtciidcd M'llllK'Ut jj 111.' Iici' 1 (iOVMIJN.MHN'ToF LORD LIS(;Ar{-SF':SSI()N OF I'AFU.IAMHNT, isyi. 2i:! lion ol' llif sizi' of lln' town.ships I'rom nine lo six mill's, M^ it would iiiako municipal privileges more expensive, or I'orce several townships to uiiile. He opposed the Governmenl plan of i liiyiiiii' out roads, and thouohl the settlers I ouii'lil to have the riuhl to make roads where ' lliey liked. lion. Mr. Morris del'ended the Govenuiieiil policy, and said settlers could i pre-empt their land on iiaynieiit of one (lollar iiii acre, while they had to pay one dollar and twenty-live cents in the States. Ill answer to Mr. l?ow(dl, Sir George K. ("artier .•<;iii| that the rciiulations would lie amended so iliiit every Noluntecr, except those dismissed for hiiil conduct — niid lie was li'lad to sny there were very lew of those — should rec^'ive a free grant, w liclhcr he had actually gone to Manitoba or had ivniained in depot, and he could have another grant by settling. He defended the Government policy and '^Mid it was necessary to put a price ol one dollar per acre on the land to prevent it liilliimiiito the hands of speculators. Dr. Schultz i said tliiit the people he represented were well jili'iisi'd with the land policy of the Government, which was much better than that of any other tiortion of the Dominion, and the system was ex- ri'llciitly adapted to a jirairie country. He would have prci'erred to see Manitoba made a large rrovince, and the lots two hundred acres each ; liut in view of its small .size and the large land j veM'rve he thouiiht 1(50 acres enough. He ' improved of the system of laying out roads h 'tween the sections, l)ut thouLiht the roads j >«hould be at least a chain and a half wide ; the existiiiu' roads were two chains wide. He was instructed by his constituents to thank the Government for the grant of 1,400,(300 acres of liiiid ; and he may .say on their l)ehalf that they wore p incipally Half-breeds, Init wer-.! very anxious to have the Volunteers settle amongst them. He could say this, notwithstanding the uiil'ounded reports of riots and misconduct by the Volunteers. The Half-breeds were, however, somewhat doubtful about taking these lands until the Indian title was extinguislied. lest it should bring them into conilict with that race ; he hoped, therefore, that the (lovernment would adopt a liberal Indian policy as speedily as po.ssible. He thought that the Government should be very careful in trying to keep land out of the hands of speculator.s, and approved of the policy of keeping reserves for fuel. On the debate being resumed, on the tenth, Hon. .Mr. ^lorris said that the (ioveriimeiit had con- sented to the suggestion made that patents could be taken out in three years instead of live. Mr. l'"erguson suiigested that conditions of settlement should be attaelied to the grants lo the Half-breeds. Sir George Iv ('artier said it was too soon to talk of conditions ; the iirs! thiiui' was to get the blocks of land selected for the Hall-breed reserve, and then the balance of the country could be thrown open for ueiieral setllement. On the suliject coiiiing up aii'aiii, on the thirteenth, Mr. Feruuson iiressed hi.s point that the Half-breeds should be re([uired to settle. Sir George E. Cartier said that had better lie left to the (}overnment ; many ol' the Half-breeds were babies and their lands would have to be kept lor them ; when they came of RLic they could do as they pleased with them. He also said that the Government would adopt the suggestion of Dr. Schultz and make the roads witter. Ilmi. ^Ir. Macdoua-all having intimated his intention not to press his resolu- tiinis. the order was then discharaed. 15. — The projiriety of the admission of the members elected to represent Manitoba in the House of Commons, was (pies- ii,,, , ,„,.||,,„„| tioned by the Opposition on •M:',';i',!:i':^',';,'.;,,i,,,r, account of the doubt raised as to '"i"' H""^'- the costitutionality of llie Manitoba .Act, iiiiressed by the Opposition. The retiirns were entered on the Journal. On the twenty-ninth, Mr. JJonald. A. Snnth, member lor Selkirk, was introduced by Sir George E. ('artier uul Mr. Simpson. Mr. Mackenzie desired to call the attention of the Government to the fact that a gentleman had been introdueed to the House who had been oleetcd under an Act of Parliament which was awaiting conlirmation by the Imperial I'arliament, ar.d said that, as there was .some doubt as to members from Manitoba being entitled to their seats, he thought the Govern- ment should follow the precedent created by itself at the opening of the preseiU Parliament, when a similar doubt was raised, and refer the matter to a Committee. Sir George E. Cartier said that thi' honorable :'ntleman took his seat under an Act of Parliament, which had neither been disallowed nor declari'd null by any legal proi'css, and therefore was entitled to his seat. W the honoral)le member for Lambton liked to raise a question of privilege, he could do so, and the Government would then advise the House what course to pursue, but not before. The subject then dropped. On tho 5th of April Dr. Schultz and Mr. Ui-lorme, members from T^isgar and Provencher, took their seats. On the 8th Mr. Speaker read a communication from William Dease, claiminii' to be the proper representative of the District of Provencher. ( )n the lOlh Mr. lioss (Prince Edward) called attention to cert:iiii rumors which were in circulation to tiie ellc( t that the member for Provencher (Mr. Delonne) had been a member of liiel's ( 'ouncil, and also of the Court Martial (hat condemned Scott If h' was guilty of the lirst chariiiv he was guilty ol hiu'li treason ; if of the second, of murder, ilr (Mr. lloss) therefore thought it was only jiM that the liontleman should have an i)pi)ortniaty to clear himself and ibr that reason he called attention to the rumors. Mr. Delonne said tin- rumors were entirely incorrect ; he kniw nothinu' of the murder until two days altci- it took place. He was elected a delegate to the Convention called by Mr. Smith, and that \v;\s the lirst thinu- he had to d<» with ail'airs at h'ed Iv'iver. M •. D. A. Smith said he knew that Mv. Delorme was not a member of Kiers Couiiril, nor of the Court Martial whicii coiuleniued Scott. Hon. AV. Macdouu'all said that Mr. llo.s,s havinsi' stated that there was reason to believe that Mr. Delorme had been connected with the rebellion, he would move "That a Select Com- mittee be appointed to enquire into thi' truth of these allegations, and to r^'port the proceediiius which ought to be taken, in order to relieve this House from the disiirace and dishonor of recei\inganioniist its meml)ers any one guili y , and the matter was (liopped. On the 1:2th, Mr. Blake called atteii- tioii to a very serious question ol' privilege; llivee members had been returned lor Manitoba, and petitions against the return ol" two ol" them, ( ionald A. Smith and Pierre Delorme) had been presented; the Manitoba Act made net provision lor trying controverted elections, and it was so iii'ar the end ol" the session that it was impossi- lile to get evidence in the cases I'rom Manitoba hrlore the close, and, therefore, it seemed as if the.se gentlemen would hold their seats, altliouuh the petitioners declared I hey were iiiii entitled to them, lie thouL-lit that the Government should have taken some steps in the matter, hut as they had not he would move •'That ix'titious have been presented to and rocciveil by this lIou.se against the election and return of Donald A. Smith, the sitting member lor Selkirk, and Pierre Dolorme, the sitting m('nil>er for Proveiicher ; that no provision has heen made for the trial of controverted elections in Manitoba ; that the expense and delay in- volved in the trials of the said elections, would render such trials abortive; that in order to prcvi'iit a failure of justice, i)rovisiou should be made to render it jwssible to take evidence in the matter of the said controverted elections on the spot, duringthe roce.ss of Pan. meiit." Sir Geo. E. ('artier said it was not in the power of the House to pa.ss .statutory enactments with respect to coutroveited elections in Manitoba, suchenaet- menls to have force when the House was not in se.ssion. lie moved, in amendment. " That the petitions against the election of Messrs. Donald A. Smith, and I'iern' I)elornu\ be referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections, with iii.st ructions to meet without delay and report to the Ilou.se the ])roeedure to be adopted with ivgard to the said petitions, in order that the riuhts of all parties concerned therein may be luUy protected.' Hon. Mr. Ilolton said the practii a) eH'eet of this amendment would be to 1 del'eat the ends of justice, unle.ss it was certain , that the Cominitlee would be called touetjier at j once. Mr. Blake suugested that the Minister of Militia should withdraw his amendment, and sul)stitute a short Bill to meet the recjuirements of till case. Hem. .1. H. Cameron thought that ; the Committee might meet durinu' recess and j report a Bill to the House in the evening. Sir j Geortic E. Cartier's amendment was then put [ and carried. The fears of the ( )pposition were well ground<'(l. for the Committee did not meet and no report was made before Parliament was prorogued. 10. — The strong feeling aroused in Ontario, by the murder of Scott, had rather strengthened during the past year, and after , "' ■ 1 £. .1 . i Ti , .Mr. It;. ..il'siMiilii.u the arrival ot the troops at I'ort .n rh(iiini.iir..r (rarry, when no steps were taken by the (Government to arrest Kiel and others implicated iii that murder, the feeling increased, and was as much directed against the Govern- ment as against the murderers. This feelinu- had been turned to good account by the Opposi- tion pres.s, and it was expected that Mr. Blake, who had moved resolutions on the subject in the Ontario House, would test the feeling of the House of Commons on the subject, but he refrained from doiim' so, and Mr, Joseph liymai undertook the task. On the 11th of April he moved the following amendment to the motion, to go into Ccmimittee of Supply : " That this House reiirets that the Government of tlie day have done uothinii' towards procuring the inxni.shment of the murderers of Thomas Scott, and that an humble address be presented to His I'^xcellency, prayiim- that he will take such steps and make such representations as will be best calculated to bring these. men to justice. " lie complained of the murderers of Scott heinu' allowed to uo at large, and declared that, if no attempt was made to arrest them, it was a bitter mo.'kery of British justice. He then criticised the appointments made by the Government, and charged that loyal men were ignored, and -- 'J i "I ■ 1 ^ m H n mmH' 1 i '!) i '1' , '■■;' if . : . !t; ' ■ I •_'!le oi' 40 for to 75aiiuiii>i 17. — Anioni^'sl the business of minor interest transacted was tlie passing- of a rongratulalnry ad.lre.ss. on the iMsl i''e))ruary, by ii,,,;,,,,,,,, i,,,, l)olh Ilou.se.s, to liis Kxrelleney '''"'"'i^"!""- the (rovt-rnor-lreneral, on the oeeasiou ol' his bi'ini;- raiseil to tlie peera^^t'. The address was moved in till' Senate by linn. Alexander Campbell, seconded by Hon. Letellier Dr St Just; and in the Commons by Sir John A. Macdonald, seconded by Mr. A. !*lackeiizie ai)pointed to jilaees oi' honor and emolument. | Sir (}e(irL!e K. Carlier said he was sure all the meml)ers ol' liie (loveinment deeply lamented the death ol' the uiit'ortiinat • man Seolt ; but he thouij'ht tlic motion siionjd not have l)een made in this House. The Crovcmment of the ■ Dominion had ikj more riuht to iiiterlere in the j mailer than they would in the . ase of a murder ' commilled in Ontavjo. At the time of tiie occur- rence the Homiiuon had no jurisdiction in the lied h'iver country; it had not yet been trans- I'erred, and it had no authority; now local I The Supply IJill i^ranted $lt),31l!l,sr.i; loi the year Courts ol' Justice had been established, and ] 1871-:2, and $l,0!»ii,:2il3 supplementary lor ilie they, and they alone, were competent to deal j year 1S70-1. In the former amount was with the case. As to the question of patronage, ' included nearly .fS.iiOO.OoO for public works. the Dominion Government a])i)<>inted only : $(i,00O,(Miu being for the Intercolonial. N(;:24.niio two oiiicers — the Lieuti'nant-tJovt.'rnor and the ' was iiranted lor canals ; 8->-*i,00O for harlior Iii'corder ; — all others were appointed by the improvements; s:.".t7,!SS0 for the rarliaiiienlary Local Government. Air. Uymal said that when Buildings, Library and (! rounds ; i»!4nO.(iiiO ler the Hon. D'Avcy Mc'jlee was shot the (royern- 1 opening up the Norlh-AVest, and 8-0n,i)(iii ment had oU'ered a reward for the apprehension I for a Post OfRce at Halil'a.'C. There was eon- of his murderers, and he thought they miiiht do [ siderable debate on this item in Committee, and the same in tlie case of Scott. Air. Eoweil sup- i it was linally agreed that before any steps wi'iv port"d llie motion, and .severely crilicised the • tak"n to (>xpend the money, the (|Ue>tion ai>i)oinlments made m Alanitoba. Dr. Tupi)er ! between the Dominion and Nova Scotia (ioveiii- defended the course of the Government and of | ments wiih reiiard to the cost of the rroviiuial Lieutenant-Governor Archibald, who, he said, buildiim' at Halifax should be submiiled to had, by his wise measure^, restored peace and | arbitration, aiul if a sirm not exceeding siJivJJSJ order. He stiumatised the motion as a mere ' was agreed on il should be accepted, the build- party dodue l)rought forward on the eve of a ings taken over and the %i200,000 grant not used. general election for political purjjoses, and ' The point at i.ssue between the two Govcni- raaintaiiied that the Dominion Government had ments was the amount which had been exiiendcil no jurisdiction in the case. Hon. Iv 1!. Wood \ on the building since "Better terms'' witc maintained that Lower Canada had had juris- agreinl on, the Local Government clainuie^- that dicti(jn over the North-AVest in criminal matters it should be reiml)ursed by the Dominion, and since 1S()3, and instanced the ;rial of two men. the latter declining to pay any more than the named Drown and Jioucher, at Toronto in 1818 stipulated pvice. The matter was subsequently ibr crimes comnuit(>d in thi> North-West. Mr.' compromised. Thesum of 82(IO,(}00 was uranied D. A. Smith said that after the troops entered for taking the census, in addition to sloO,')'.!!) Fort Garry some persons wanted him to issue voted last year. In the Supplementary Estimates warrants for the arrest of Riel and others, but was included $:ioO,000 i'oi' siirveys for Pacilic he did not think he had authority. The debate Railway : i#50,U00 for takinu' census in Alaiiitoba was continued by Messrs. Blake, Ferguson and and British Columbia; i5;l:iU,O0O lor I'ost Ollices Jackson, who followed the same tone of argu- at Toronto, Quebec and London; !$120,U0ii for a ment — that the Dominion Government had ' Reformatory near Montreal. The House wa.- Jurisdiction, and ought to exert its authority, .j prorogued on 14th April. !'! ni lit N k\ \m Mi. r :i m iiii { 1 m I I li,::<: f St V' I Im« 'j > 'i.'E I #« I. \ lllt,RiU0fXPRfSSlrlOR lUIIU SICSIUKY 01 IHI OIIMIMON im ((>Jn OMP- t:. 'Ijii^'li I i»..ail.:... (lOVHRX 8 1 Resol liY THHl ('oliUM I'ROI'OS (rOVKR OK UXl GKOIiOE OK rilK Oli.IKCTI Mii. Ti I'OMCY. AMKNU.M ('AliTWi; GOVKRN THE UES( -10. xM ]..\.\"(1EV 11. Mr THE AMnj KX!M,A.\A ATTACKS K'ESOLUT ('(INCUR, AMKNDMB I'UT AND AOdl'TED RKSOLUTI ADDRESS , 1 —Onoc Govi'iiimeu I Ui-Mliiri,,n.« ill liiv ! Iji'l.'i*l;ltivr ('ttlinci j "I lilHlsll (.'kiIiiiiiIii Atnciiciiii cc could Icdrii viuious "'•ovi tluN ohjt'ct. was liitlo d ; wiiiiiig to b( there was rr what al'rtiid Conredenicy fJOVERNMKXT OF LORD LISUAR— THE ADMISSION OF BRITISH fOLT^MBIA. •-'17 CHAPTER XX. (iOVHRXMENTOFLOlll) I.ISGAR— THK ADMIS- SION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 1 IvESOIilTTIONS IN FAVOR OF UNION PA.>rial Govornment in promoting the scheme of Coii- u i,„i„„, i„ n,v„r IVdemtioii— and one always kept u^i:i;;iivre;;n.cfi •»! view -was the conledei- oiuriiishciumina. .^tj^,, ^f ^f/ ^.j^^, BHtish North Amcrii an colonies ; and every inlluence which could leuitimately bo brought to bear on the various governments was used to accomplish this object. With ihe larirer Provinces there was little dilHculty, as they were anxious and wiliinuf to be united, but with the smaller ones there was much trouble, as they were some- what afraid of being swallowed v.p in a great Coiilc(U>racy with the more populous Proviuces, 25 and thus lose all trace of their individuality. Both Prince Edward Island and Newlbundland were diffident about easting in their lot with the Dominion, and public opinion had to b " educated " a little before it could be brought to see the advantages which would arise from one comprehensive union, in place of the scattered and individually weak colonies. — The people of Princt' Edward Island, at this time, were still opposed to Confederation; Ihe people of Newfoundland had defeated at the polls the party which favored CV)ni'ederation. and had rejected the liberal terms which the Dominion Government had agreed on with the Conimissioners sent to Ottawa lor that puri>ose, and considerable interest was centered in British I Columbia to see how the people there regarded the scheme of union. Earl Musurave, who had ; shown himself a clever diplomatist in persuad- j ing the Legislature of Newfoundland to accept Confederation, was transferred to British Colum- bia, then a Crown Colony, and at once set ■ himself zealously to work to aliect an union. In j his message to the L(>gislative Council on the loth ! of February, 1870, he strongly urged an union with the Dominion, and a Government measure was adopted by the Council in fii\ or of Confed- eration. The terms proposed by the Council, and subsequently submitted to the CJovernmeiit of Canada, did not dill'er materially from tliose ultimately agreed to, except, in two particulars, the lirst being that the Couiieil c\'sired the l)opulation lomputed at 120,000, and ihc second tii'it a coach road .should l)e biiilt pending the completion of the railroad which it was proposed to build to the Pacilic.* On tii(> 7th of May, Messrs. J. W. Trutch, J. S. Ilelmcken, and li. \V. * Tho eighth resolution rend as rollinvs:— " [riii-Miiii'li ms no roiil I'nion OHn subsist botwoon this Colony iiMii CiiiukIii witliour (lio spceily rstab- lislnnont of ooinniuniralion iioross tho Hoolty .Mnunliiins by t mich Uninl iiml Kiiilwiiy, tho Dcuninion sliiill, wllliiii ilirco y<':irs I'roin tljo dali' of I'liion, I'oiistrui't anil opon (or tratVif such Cnacii Hoad troni sotufi point on Ihc line of the .Main Trniik Koail ol lliis Colony to I'ort liiirry, ol :.inii lar I'harai'lcr to the saiil Main Trunk lioad ; ami shall t'urtbi'r I'miaun to ns« all means in her power to pomplole sui'h Railway rounnunii'aliori at tho earliest praclicablr ilalc. and that surveys to determine the proper lino tor sueh Railway shall bo at oueo enmnuoiced : ami that a sum id' in>t Icsfl than one million dollars shall be expemled in every year, Iroin ami after three yiMirs from tho date of Inion, in aetually eonstrnetinp the initial sections of sueh Railway from the Seaboard of llrilish Columbni. to cunnect with the Kjiilway Ky.>y Governor Miisgrave a deleuation to proceed to Oltawa and eonl'er with the Dominion Ministry as (o the terms proposed by the British ("olumhia Council. They arrived in Ottawa on the 3rd of June, and had several interviews with the Ministry, the resiilt ol' which was that somewhat dilil'reiit, but rather more favorable terms, were agreed to. These terms were embodied in an Order-in-Couucil passed in the Privy Couneil ol' the Dominion on the 1st ol' July, 1870. and submitted to the British Colum- bia Couniil I'or ratilieation. The rollowinu' is the n>port : "The Committee ol' the Privy Council have had under consideration a despatch dated the 7th of May. 187<). from the G-overnor of British Columbia, tog-ether with certain resolutions submitted by the Government of that Colony to the I.euislative Council thereof — both hereunto annexed — on the subject of the proposed union of Ih'itish Colum])ia with the Dominion of Canada; and after .several interviews between them iiud the Ilonorabh^ Messrs. Trutch, Hehncken, and Carrall, the Delegates from British Columbia, aiul full discussion with them of the varioits questions connected with that imi>ortant subject, the Committee now respect- fully submit for Your Excellency's approval the following terms and conditions to form the basis of a i)olitieal union between British Columbia and the Dominion of Canada. I. Canada shall be liable for the debts and lial)iliti«'s of British Columbia at the time of the Union. II. British Columbia not having inctirred debts equal to tho C'uHtoras, tarili' and Excise dutio.>< .shall continne in force in Ijiiti.sh Columbia until the railway from the Pariiic coast and the system of railways in Canada are connected, nnle.ss the Legislature of Biiti.sh Columbia .shonld sooner decide to accept il the tariti' and excise laws of Canada. Where !! Customs and J"]xcise duties are at the time levi- ]|al)le on any ij-oods, wares or merchaudi.ses in ' Britisli Columbia, or in the other Provinces of the Dominion, these goods, wares and merchan- ilisi s may from and after the union be imported into British Columbia from the Provinces now coiiiposinu' th(* Dominion, or from either of th(>.se Provinces into I'ritish Columbia, on proof of payment of the Customs or Excise duties leviable thereon in the Province of exportation, and on payment of such further amount (if any) of Customs or E.K.cise duties as are leviable thereon in the Province of importation. This arrangement to have no force or eli'ect after the assimilation of the tarili' and exci.se duties of British Columbia wit!<. those of the Dominion. VII [. British Columbia .shall be enlith-d to be represented in the Senate by three members, and by six members in the Mouse of Commons. The representation to be increased under the provisions of the British Xorth America Act, IX. The inllueiice of the Dmninion Crovern- uieiit will be used to secure the continui'd iiiaiiitenance of the naval station at Esquimault. X. The provisions of the British North America Act, 18G7, shall (except those parts theivof which are in terms made, or by reason- able intendment may be held to In- specially applicable to, and only elfect one and not the whok' of the Provinces now comprising the I'eiuiiiion, and except .so far as the sanu; may lie \iiried by this niinuti') be applicabl(> to British Columbia, in the same way and to the like extent as they apply to the oilier Provimes of the Dominion, and as if the Colony of liritish Columbia had been one of the Provinces oi'iuiiially united l)y the said Act. XI The Crovernment of the Dominion under- take to secure the commencement, simul- tauetnisly, within two years from the date of the Union, of the construction <>[' a Railway from the Pacific towards the Kocky Mountains, and I'rom such i)oinl as may l)e selected east of the liocky Mountains towards the Paciiic, to connect the seaboard of British Columbia with the railway systmn of Canada: and, further, to secure the completion of such rail- way within ten years from the date of the union. And the Crovernment of liritish Col- umbia agree to convey to the Dominion tlov- ernment, in trust, to be api)ropriated in siu'h manner as the Dimiinion Government may deem advisable in furtherance of the construc- tion of the said railway, a similar extent of public lands along the line of railway throuu'h- out its entire length in British Columbia, not to exceed, however, twenty (20) miles on each side of said line, as may be appropriated for the sanu? purpose by the Dominion G-overnment from the public lands in the North-Wcst Territories and the Province of Manitoba. Provided that the quantity of land which may be held under pre- emption right or by Crown Lsrant within the limits of the tract of land in British Columbia to be so conveyed to the Dominion Crovernment, shall be made good to the Dominion from cc/u- tiguous public lands; and provided further, that until the eommencinneiit within two years as aforesaid from the date of the union, of the coa- struction of the said railway, the Crovernment of British Cohunbia shall not sell or alienate any further portion of the public lands of British Columbia in any other way than under riuht of pre-emption requirinii' actual residence of the pre-emptor on the laiul claimed by him. In coii.sideration of the land so to be conveyed in aid of the construction of the said railway, the Dominion (iovernment agree to pay to British Columbia, from the date of the union, the sum of $100,000 jier annum in half-yearly payments in advance. XII. The Dominion CJovernment shall guar- antee the interest lor ten years from the date of the completion of thi? works at the rate of live piM' centum per annum on such sum. not ■'■fj H .•. rf ',. .(?[ I ,rlace. CCertiiied) WM. H. LEE, Clerk Trivy Council. 2. — It will be noticed that important chanacs were made with regard to the population, iiiul the building of the railway. ,„ . , With regard to the population "^XhyuZu^lu.^ being fixed at (]0,(»00 instead of '•"^"""'■■'" 120,000, it may be said that neither figures really represented the actual iiopulation, which by the most liberal estimate did not excee(l 15,000 whites, and about 2o,000 Indians ami Chinese ; but the deh'gates claimed that the population should be estimated on the basis of contribution to the revenue, and that as the Customs and Excise duties paid in Britisli Columbia were equal to what would be iiaiil by 120,000 persons on the per capita collection in Canada, the population ouuht to l)e estimated at that number for all linancial pxxrpo.ses. By tliis arrangement British Columbia would liavi' received $!lt),000 per annum pi r capita allow- ance, and §S2,000 a year interest on debt. The Dominion Government could not see its way very clearly towards asking Parliament to pay eighty cents per head per annum for so many im- aginary peoi)le ; b\it by jiutting an exceedingly liberal construction on the estimated impulalion. agreed to call it 60,000, which included Cliimi- men and Indians. On the subject of the railway, the Dominion tJovernment was also very libeml, for it agreed to commence it in two years instead of three as asked for, and to complete it in ten, while no specilic time was stipulated for by the British Columbians; but this was partly done mi account of the abandonment of the Coach lioad, which was considered an xmnccessary and use- less expense in view of the rapid completion of th(> railroad. With regard to the $100,000 a year granted as interest on the nominal value of the land to be uiven up for the railway, this wa.s given to 1111 the deliciency which would other- wise have occurred on acccmnt of cutting down the number of the i)opulati(in, it being pretty 1 well understood that the Dominion would have (lOVKKNMKNT OF l,OIM) LIS(JAI{— TIIK ADMISSION' OK lUMTISII rOLl'MIJIA. to be liberal in its torms to induce tho jjcople to Villi' ior Union, and Governor Musi^rave very plainly states so in his letter toSir John Young', Under date 20th February, 1«70. Ho says : "In ! some of tho terms proposed, this Colony may ^& lliouirht by your (Jovernnient to ask too much ; but they must be prei)ared to bo liberal, if they I desire the Union. * # * It will I be necessary, il' Knion is to be real and entered ' upon <'ordially, that present visible advan- tiiue and local improvement should spring i'roni the measure." The " present A'isible advantage" was made very plain by showing!' that British Columbia Avould have upwards of $1.")0,000 a year more to spend on local improve- ments if she entered tho Union than if she reniiUiH^d out of it ; and the Hritish Columbians ' were soon convinced that is was to their ini !<}st to enter the Dominion. On the 24th of January^ 1871, Governor Musgrave telegraphed to Lord Lisgiir. "Address to Quei a for Union with Canada on terms agreed ui)on, passed jjegislative Council unanimously to-day,'' and on the 28th of February, Sir George E. Cartier laid on the tiibli- of the Dominion House a message from the ..r . . ' i."ii • .'i llii' lii.viirilnrlil. mg ior the adnussion ol Isntish Columbia, entered into an ex[)lanali<)n of the policy of the Government. He traced the history of Confederation from 18.")S, and showed how at every stage the union of all the Colonies had been steadily ke|>t in view. In 1^0.'>, wliiU^ the Delegates were in England, the (jucstion ol including the Pacilic Colonies in the Dominion had ''.-tu dismissed, and provision made in the British North Amcriia .Vet for the admi.ssion of Hritish Columbia. That union they were now ; called upon to j)erfcct, the terms had been agreed to with the Delegates, and wer" oll'cred ' for ratification by I'arliament ; but he may I say that the terms agreed on wi'io of the ■'r ' ■1 ll\ m «l I '\ ii i ;■ H. litl I ■ P Trrn.Ks nisTOF{v ok tiik dominion ok oaxada. iiatniv of ii ticiity. iind rilthonuh tho lullcst iuul IVt'cst diNiussinii would ho allowed, there could be no ituioiuliiu'nt. the terms must either he aecppted or rejected as a whoK^. He proceeded to explain the various sections of the agreement aiid said that it was lair to estimate thi* popuhi- tion at the numlx'r iixed on (tiO.OOO), as the reiurns Irom Cnsloms and lixeise showed that on that basis the people were payini>' about §(! per head, \vhile in Canada the rale was only about 'J-^- The rejjresentatives oT British Col- umbia had elaimed that they were entitled to estimate th(> poi)ulation at 120,000 on the basis ol' taxation, but had iinally ajjreed to the number named in the resolutions. The next point which was iH'culiav to Jhitish Columbia was the sixth section, which i)rovided that certain pensions should l»e paid. He explaiiu'd that under tlie existiiiu- system ot (iovernmeut in British Columbia there were a number of Crown ap])ointments which were for life ; but in anticipation of Confederation, the peoj)le had determined to adopt Responsible Government as soon as the union was p(>rfected, and many of these ollicers would lose their places of emolument. He had no dmain as il was if the ])eopli wished it. He next referred to section 11, which guarantees the building ol a railway to tho I'acilic. He said that there had been a great deal oi misconception about this railway, and it was thought the Crov- ernment intended to build it itsel 1 at an enormous cost, which would entail very heavy taxatit)n. The Government had no idea of building the roa0 miles, and it was propo.sed to yive twenty miles of i)ublic laiul to each mile of railway, whi questions, he said that the estimated cost would be about 8100.000,000. With regard to tli.- clause relating to the care of the Indians, he said it eml)odied the policy always pursued t>v the Canadian and British Govennnents wiih ri'gard to them. He conchuled by again lelcr- rin^- to the importance! of the .scheme before ihe House, particularly instancing the impoiiaiiee to a nation of the maritime element. The union of British Columbia would give Canada double maritime strength, and would lay the foundation of a maritime power that would lie second only to I'hmland. He felt that this country was destined to be a great jiower. and tho admission of British Columbia was a unal and necessary step towards reachinu' our ultimate destiny. '). — Hon. Mr. Holtim said this was es.senti:ill\ a limuicial (|uestion. The Minister of Militii had told the House hat the ,_ i • , 1 1 i 1 Sir.A.T.tlillV Government intended to have a ni,.i,vii..ns ii> iiie 1 •! 1 • 1 11 lU.-Cllutillll.". railway built which would cost $100,000,000, but it was not to increase the burdens of the peojtle ; he would like to hear from the Finance Minister how this Lireat linancial feat was to be accomi lished. Sir Francis llincks said he was not prepared to gi> into details on the linancial arrangeinenls in\<>lve{ general ^ive a >ulisiily. ex|iecte( million annum, of re\cn (Io\ eniii .■>iir\ fys. au'iinst iirrani^cn thai tlu' would \h the I'rov ,|100,'ioo 1)1' met on with I W( 1 iilniost an_\ t'dlony in were thai the lirilisl infringed enter into was ;ible U cMn>truclic nu'iit of 1 ik'i'eiice, th ahoiii as m liiiinied on |irop(i>;d o Ki'ad, and way ; also read had b Nipissiiiu'. more than mui'li mor the finaiu I'xiilicit in thought th more expei meiu of th a year bef :ni>l lo.dOO *■')"' "),000 ; el' u hich 1 •iMuius ai Il" — (;(»\'KI{.\MKNT OF I.OHI) LISOAU -TIIK ADMISSION OF BmTISll fOhrMniA. iinolvinl ill tho vcsoliitioiis ; 1ml he may suy in the cxistinn- laritl' Canada would rccoivf about oviunil tciiiis that the (.iovoniiiit'iit propost'd to j i|;?Sti,700 I'rom Ih'itisli Columbia, and pay about iiivt' a lavuc land i>-raiit. and a liberal money " |,')2(!,<)00 ; l)ut the adoption of the Canadian >ulisidy, lor buildinii' the railway; it was not taritl' would reduce the reeeipis ])y about expected that (he sul).sidy would exceed one ! |',tO,00<>, so that there would be an annual eliarafo uiillioii to one million and a (|uarter dollars pi'r i against Canada ol' about ^Jri(t,(HlO. He could annum, and he thought that could bo met out j' not see how the t«overmnent expected to build ol' revenue, without increasing taxation. The |i the road without increasiiiL;' the burdi'ii of tax- ation, when the House was told that the ayrec- meiit was of the nature of a treaty, and that the road must bo built in ten years, ^''itil rciiard to the fact that tlie reprcseiilation of Dritish (i(i\enimoiit would pay the eost of pvoliminary Mirveys, but it would be made a lirst cliavge aiiiiiiist the subsidy. AVith reuard to linaneial arraimcments other than the railway, he thought that tlie whole i)ayments to British Columbia Columbia was not based on population, he would be about ¥4(in,UO0. and the receipts from would merely ri'inark that every siirli departure the I'rovince s:!(iO,()00. li'aving a iharge of from the principleof tlie Confederalioii Ad was splo.dOii per annum upon Canada, which could I calculated to n'vive .•oiiiplaints ol' past times. ■ bo met out of reveiuu\ oir A. T. Cralt said that, He thought it would lie far better lor new I'ro- ' witli two restrictions, he was willing to ucttept, viiicos to pass through a probationary period, aliiio.vt any terms which would bring the Paiilic similar to the Territorial Government of the Celoiiy into the I'liion. These two restrictions j, States, and then there need be no violation of were that the constitutional rights detiued by \, the lonstitution. the llritish North .\merica Act should not be (i. — lion. Mr. Tilley desired to make .some iulVinued on; and the IJcnninioii should not |^ explauutioiis with relerenee to tlie action ol the , outer into heavier linaneial eimagoraents than it (ioverninent. The lirilisli Col- , , TT I 1 1 • 1 1 1.11 11 .1 """■ .^Ir. Tilloy i was al)le to sustain. He thought that with tiie umbia delegates had wanted a .ittvn.i.. n.n j construction ol the Intercolonial, the enlarge- uiiaraiitce ol a loan oi t'H»0.(Ml() inoiu of the canals and (he obligations of | sterling, in perpetuity, to liuild a graving dock : (lofeiice, the four mil Hollo i.aople had already !; but (he Dominion Government had refused to about as many burdens as they could bear. He \ gi\e a guarantee for more than ten years, as it poiiiied out the diH'ercnce between the oriiziual \' was thouu'ht that in thai time tiiere would be a proposal of British Columbia to have a Coach railwav, and the dock ouuhl to be self-sustaining. I Koad, and the terms ajiroed on to build a rail- I = j way : also that the proposed terminus of the I read had been changed from Fort Garry to Lake j Nipissinu'. The new arrangement was much iimre than liritish Columbia had asked for, and much more burdensome. He had hoped that the Finance Minister would have been more With regartl to the Coach Road, it was found that it would be so expiMisive. on account of (he cost of laltoiir in British Columbia, that it was thouglit better to push on I lie railway and not have the(.'oach K'oad at all. Willi regard to the railway, that was a iieeessity. As soon us (lie Dominion Guvernmeiit aciiuired tin- North- oxpli< it in his statement, for he (Sir A. T. (ra!t) | West Territory it incurred the responsibility of thoudit that J>r''isl Columbia would prove far 1 buildiiiii' a railway to the fool of the Rocky more expensive than was shown by (he st.ate- | Mountains, as a iieeessity lo opening u^) ! moiii of the Finance Minister. The population (hat territory, and the iiiiion wiih Itritish a year before was estimated at 1(1,000 whites, Columbia would only cause an exii'iision , and 10. 000 Indians. The revenue in 18(!8 was i of (he road to the I'acilic. lie aii-iied that |!S.5s5,0O0 ; in ISiIlt, )Sr)7:!,()00; in 1870, $,V57,O00, th.' opening of the road would t-reatly of which ^.'l.'iO.OOO was estimated to be from reduce the cost <d in the iiiilit of a treaty, and that the House must not alter them. He could not consent to the view that the House was only to express its opinion, hut make no change. He thought that it was the duty of the House to very carefully consider this matter, and to eliminate anything that might tend to cause trouhle in the future. He held that one of the most essential ingre- dients in national prosperity was a strict regard for constitutional ol)liiiations and the |>ositioii wi' occupy ii'lali\ely to other powers, whether they l)e Provinces or Independent Nations ; and yet the House was asked yearly, if not daily, to disregard the principles of the British Nmlii America A<'t, which was the hasis of our political system. One of the great priiicii)|es ! which had heen strugiiled for for years, iiinl which was gained by the British North Ainerira Act. was K'epre.sentation hy Population ; and ilic resolutions now before the House were a very grave infringement of that principle. He did not insist that the primiple should be riuidiy , applied to the Senate, and although there was disproiKirtiou in allowing British Coluiuliia ] three n'presentatives in that body, he should not make it a ground of serious objection ; luit he strongly protested against the direct viola- i Moil of the principle of U'epresenlation liy Population shown by givinii' the scanty iiopu- latioii of British Columbia six representatives in the House ol Commons. It must lie reiueui- I bered that there was a vast tract of couiilry , between Maiiitol)a and British Columbi.i, wiiere \ new Provinces would spring uj) ; and if llie 1 same rule was applied to them as was now i>iopulatioii was made up j of Chinese and Indians; but it must l)e remem- bered that the political system of Canada iiail never given representation to Indians ; and it was unfair to ask to give to a new Province what had never been granted to -the old ones, j He favored a liberal policy towards a younu' < 'el- | ony si)arsely populated, and would favor a lariie grant of money ; but he did not think the land .. to be acquired by the (lovernment so valuabli' ' as it was represented to be ; indeed, he was el opinion that niostof the land west of tho Uocky Mountains was of poor rpiality, and this impres- sion was borne out. by the large importation nl articles of food which showed that very lililc was produced. He looked upon the acijuisitiea of the Colony as a political necessity : and . although he did not share tho fears ol Hi'' Minister of Customs with reuard to annexation, j still he tlioimht the sooner the Colony was uniled IT (il)V!-;i{NMi:.\T OK I.OI!!) MSdAI,'— Til K ADMISSION OK lUMTISIl COMMI'.IA. to Ciiiijulu the hottiM'. Yot ho would not uiuc 1(1(1 niiu'li haste or mistivkcs mny he iiiadt', as had lii'i'ii done at ('oiit'i'ih'ratioii, for he tlioUiilit if iiK. re lime had hccii taken then we sliouUl not liMve had the trouhh' wliicli had suhseijuently arisen with Nova Seotiii. lit! diU'ered entirely with the Govevnmonl policy on the railway (|U('stion. He did not think that the riiihl way to liiiild a ureal railway was to uivo away all the U(i(i(l lands; he considered thai they should he kc[)l lor FrceClrants to iinmij^'ranls, and Ihoniilit llial the policy of uivini;;' all the liest lands to the railway would retard iinmiuration. Tiic Ciovcrn- lucnt had asstnied that Ontario would Liivc nine millions oi' acies to aid ihe enterprise, but there was no evi(h'nce that Ontario wouhl do so ; and t'ViMi it she did, the land in the section where the railway would run was oi' poor ([Uality and net ^ood lor much. AVilh re^■arll to the huild- iin; ol' the road Ihe House had no inl'orunvtion ; there were no surveys, aiul Ihe Goveriuuent had uiven no inlbrniation as to Ihe enuineeriny; ilillicnllies. These, he helievcd, would he very ureal east ol' Winnipoix: west of that i)lace to die Kocky Mountains he did not anticipate much dillicully, hut west ol' Ihe U'ocky Moun- tains the country was very roui^h and thu (liliiculties would, prohably, he very ureat. lie was (piite willinii' lo g-ive Ihitish Colunihia a lihcral grant to carry on her local services, but he was totally ojiposed lo uiuh'rlakiuii' such an iiiuiienso burden as ijuaranlecini'' to build this Lliuantic railway in leu yt'ars. lie did not lii'licve it could be accomplished, and he con- sidered it most unjust to delude the pec^ple of Ihilish Columbia with the idea thai it conhl be (lone. He coiicliuhHl by moviiig' in anuMuhnenl, that all the words alter •'ihal" be struck out and the rollowiu!'' in.serttid : 'The inxiposed terms ol' Union wilh Hrilish Columbia plcdac Ihe Dominion to commence within two years, ami complete within ten years the I'acilic Rail- way, the route tor which has not been surveyed nor its expense calculated. The said terms also pledge Ihe Oovernnu'nt ol' Canada lo a yearly paynn'iil to Jhilish Columbia ol Ihe sum ol >;IOil,ili)() in perpeliiily, (>(|ual lo a capital I fiUTn of $12,00(1,000, I'or the cession ol' a IracI of Waste land on (he route of the Pacilic U'ailvvay to aid in its construction, which Ibilish Columbia ouij^ht lo Cede wilhoul charge in like maun r as the laiulsol' Canada are jiroposed ' be 1 ceded I'or the same purpo.se. This House ) of i opinion thai Canada should not be pled;., I to do more than proceed al once with Ihe ne(('ssary surveys, and, alter the route is rosecute the work al as early a period as the stale of the linances will justify. ' S. — Dr. (iiaiil and Mr. Masson (Terrebonne) sni)i)orled Ihe polii^y of Ihe (iovcrnmcnt, Ihe former advocatinu' proleclion of 1 !• .1 1 ii I .. Me. CiirKM-iulil Ihe lur trade; ami the laller iiiiii,« ih< li.y , 11 • • 1 , , 1 1 • "' III'' ii">i'niim-Ml. arguinii- Ihal nritisn ( oluml)ia would be a i: .e vahuvble actjuisilion than Maniloba. Mr.' art. ight dwell on the inimcn- sily of the underlain, g and the great increasi> to the debt w nich il would necessitate. The debt at prescijt, wilh Ihe obligations whii h the country had pl< ged itself to fullill, amountcil I to $1. "50, (1(1(1 000 ; the present resolulioiis would add about ' 000,000 lo Ihal, and the railway — accordinii' to the estincile of the (lovcrnnient — would cosl !j 100.000,000 more. makinL;' a total of ! $2:5(1,000,000. If iust(>ad of building the rail- ' way ilself, the (Jovernment lurned il over to a Company and gave the immens(> uranl of laiul spoken of, il was a very serious t hin-i' lor the ! House to consider the importance of placing- in the hands of a siniile Cor[ioration a tract of j land e(|Ual in area to the New Knuland Stales. I lie was conlidcnl thai ihe aci|uisilion of the Colony wouhl involve exi)ense in ihe way of defence, not a standiiiii' army exactly, but souie force something like the Irish Constabulary, for it must be remembered ih.it the Colony was "J.'iOO miles i'rom the Central tJovernmenI, and would I be liable lo havi^ its peace dislurbcd either by the Indians within ils own borders or by ! incursions of Indians from the Uiiiled Slates. i He counselled liic House to pause and I rellecl before pledging itself to build a rail- way which would cost more than our presenl national debt. Mr. Youiui' said that as a friend of Confederation, he was ^lad to see Ihitish I'd ■i I i'll! 1'^' uilw: '4 Il^i ' ■•■'Hi ' m 11. \\'.\ c m':\ \'M\ ■ 1 '1 f I ii lii; ; 1 1 ■( ; TITTIJ'.S HISTORY OF Till'] DOMINION OF CANADA. ('oluinl)iii askint? to h" laktMi in ; but he would Iiavi' inolfrnul to havf seen all ihi* Allantif Provinces united iiist. Thon- weic many ob- jerli()nal)le leiitures in llie resolutions, sueh as allowing- a subsidy of eighty cents i>or head on a population of t»0,0(i(i, while tho actual population was i>nly lii.oUO; ol' pensioninti- Govovuniont ollicials. and of allowing- three rei)resL'niatives in the Senato and six in the House of Commons — winch wai^ givinii' one representative iii tjie House to every 2(100 inhabitants, wiiile in the other Provinces there was only one to every 2(1.00(1, — but he could have allowed all these, as he wished to deal in a liberal spirit with the Colony, had it ni>t been for the liuarantee to lommeine to build a rail- way to the Pacilic in two years, and romplote it in ten. This was more than British Columbia asked, and a urea! d>'al more tluin should have been aureed to. lie then (pioted from Mr. !Sai\dford l'"leniiMi and the al)ility of the cotuilry to meet it, and the House had really no information at all before it. He strongly itrged the adoption of the ameudmeiU. Mr. Bolton l)rielly pointed oiii the enormous eharues involved in the resolu- tions without any adecpiate information, and declared his intention to support the amendnieiii The debai" wa-; then adjourm)d. !>. — On the following' day the d(d)ale was i-esunu'd by Colonel Gray, who, in a leiuzlhy argument, defeiub'd tin; i)olicy ol the (loveriiment, lie agreed, n-.,iiiii .\ii. .i..i> With the mi'uiber lor !>iier])rooke, that the two most important considerations weiv that the constitution shotdd not be infriuued, and that Canada should not umlertake too great linancial responsibilities. As to the lirsl poiiii, he ai-gned that the Ibitish North Ameriea \. I did not limit repi-esentation to whites, and iliai there was nothing in it to prevent Indians Imni being repi-esente K'epresentation by ropula- tion was followed, British Columbia, if allowi-d any representation at all, would only have eiir member : and he ealled attention to the faei thai the Province was divided into two secimiiv the island of Vancouver and the Mainland. (ioVKKN.MHN'r or I.OIM) MSdA I!-T1!K AKMISSloN ol' lUMTISII coLIMIUA. ihe intcri'sts ol' which were voiy dissiiiiihir^ aii<>iiitt'(l out thai il' only one nifiuhor was allowed, oin' section imisl i^o iiureprosentt'd. il>' aiiriu'd Ihal the adniiission of Maiiito'ia wiih a laruvr rcpn'si'iitation than was in ai'toidancc with tho British Noilh Aniciiia Act had estal)lish('d a pieci'dcnt, and iicld (hut thi' aviiunicnt then advanced, that tJie p( pu- liilioii would rapidly increase, was ccjui lly ivpplicalile to liritish Colunihia. The position hi' took was that a Province could not he governed by (iic provisions ol' the liritish North America Act until al'ti-r it hud enlerod the Union : and if Hrilish Coluinlna pleased to sti|iulate before enterinii' that its interests required six representatives in the House of Coianions, there was nolhini^ in the Uritish North America Act to prevent six meml)ers hcinu- allowed. AVith reiiard to the ability of Canada to build tlie road he entered into a detailed account of the cost of the I'nion Piiciiie road. showiuL;' the dilliculties which h;i(l to l)c overcome, and aruued that the C'ana- (liiiii I'acilic would be much easier to construct, and that the prospenms condition of the country fully jusiilied Ihe uiidcrtakinu'. He said there was much misconception about tho cost, as it was made to appear that the Dominion would have to bear the wlutle rxi)en--c of the road — some sl(i0.i)00,(IOO— w iiich was not the case, as the road would be ])uilt l)y a private Company, witli the aid of pulilic lands, iS:c., which was a Very did'erent tliingl'rom theCiovernment under- takinii' the whole expense. Mr. Joly said that the jxijicy of the (Jovernnient reminded iiim of the r;ibie of tlie trog' and Ihe ox : the l'ro<'- tried to euiulate the ox. and went on swellinu' and swcllini'' himself until he burst, and when he (Mr. .loly) heard tlie Minister of Militia he thouuht that the Dominion was liki' the frog, and only hoped it would not share the same lati'. He contended liml the ureal advantaije which Canada hiul possessed over the United Slates was iis lighter taxation : l)ut. if we added $1(111.000.000 for this railway to the e built by the (lovcrnnieiil. He <'onsidcrcd ihc rai'way at least a (ptarter of a century in advam-e of the resources of the country ; and he ihtmuht it would be most honest to tell liritish Columltia so, and, if she still pleased to enter the Union, let her do so. If llrilish Coliunliia was only waiting to see who wouKl oiler her the liest terms, the United Stall's or Camuhi, he for one was not prepared to oiler so much as the resolutions called for. He considered that the Northern I'acilic Railway, now beini;- built in the United States, would meet all the reipijre- ments of the Norlh-AVest llir many years lo come. 10. — Mr. Jackson .said that, w hile the al)strae| principal of Ivepresentation by Population nniy lie riuht, he thouiiht there ^,^. mji.,.,,!,!,.,,!,,,,, were other considerations which J.'i'/i'.'/.i.V/nuf """'*'" should 1)1' taken into account in '■'-i '"'■""'• dealing with the new Province. If I lie present prosperity continued, he had uo doubt of the ability of Canada to build the road in the speciiied time. Mr. Mill.' attacked the argument of the meml)er for St. John (Col. Gray) with roiiaril to taking the case of Manitoba as a pre- cedent. He (Mr. Mills) held t'.al Ihe Manitoba .\ct was a breach of the articles of Confeder- ation, and could not be reiiarded :is a precedent. AVilh reuard to giving' represenlalioii to Indians, that was contrary to Ihe usage of all the other Provinces. He held that the principle of Uepre- senlatioii by Population was expressly laid down by the (Quebec Conference and the liritish North America .Act as the liasis of rejiresent- ation in Parliament, and no other basis was constilutional. He would ask tiie House whether it was just, for the sake of a population of ten thousand which had been languishing for y cat's, ill?*' ;! ,,;| •1 * r, ; -li ■ :•! 1 ;,iiL 1 l' 1 * i Hr t, illl J|!|f»f"""' M hi >H I i' !!!''!il iilil M r 22S TITTI.KS lIIsTtHIY OK TlIK l>OMINI(iX OFCWAHA to imnr a ijiciilt'r iimoiuit of dchi lluui hntl lnvn iiu'uiii'il l>y iIk' w Imlf nT Uritisli Norlli Amciicii siiu'o its sotllcMiiiit He dill not foiisiil.-r tin- ctisi's ol till' Auu'rioftii and Caiiailian racilii' Railways at all parallel, lor I ho Aiiii'ri< aiis had a populaiioii oT one million on ilu> Pacilic ami thirty millions i'a-.t ol' ihf Kocky Mountains, while we had only ttMi tlionsand on iho rarilie and Inur millions ea>t ol' ihe U'ocky Mi>niitaiiis : besides \vhieh the Ameriean railway system extondod one thousand miles i'urther west than ours hel'ore they began to Imild their road. 1 1 was said that the road could l)e l>uill in ton years, hut. al (he sanu' time, it was seen that the Iniereoionial, whieji was not o\ or onedil'lh ol' Ihe length. wouKl take seven years to eomplete, and, at the siuuo rate, it would rotiuire thirty- seven years to finish the Faoilic Ivailway. and he did not think it rinht of "arliameni to pledge posterity so far aiiead as that. IIo tlunight the l)roposal ol' the CJovornment would not only eripplo ("amida hut Uriiisli C'olumhia as well, ami so injure the whole ecnintry as to render it unable to take advantaae of any favorable opportunities that may arise in liie future. lion. Mr. lianuevin reminded the House that the ro.solulioiis had boon passed imanimoiisly by the I.egislalive Couneil of British Cuhimbia on the undorstandinii' that they would bo accepted by the House without aniondmont. Ho con- tended that the present terms were not loss favorable to Canada than those originally j>ro- posed, as tiiey only yax o tlin-e rejtresontativos in till' Senate instead of four, and six in tlie Commons instead til" oiuht. There was no com- parison between the intercolonial and theraeilie Road, as the former had to be ii (!o\ernment work, while the latter would be built by a private Company, lie thought there was no doubt (d' a private Comi)any being found when such liberal grants of land and money were oll'i-red. lie I'onlended that the country was already pledged to build a road to the Ju>cky Minmtains, and it would 1)0 very slioii-sighled policy not to extend il to t!ie I'acilic 'I'hc pre- sent debt was only $S(),()0(i,()00, not $100,(tO(»,0(lO I as had boon slated, audit would not be increased anything like another |i1()(>.0t»0.0(t() by the rail- ' way, as tin" greater p;in of the cost of iliai would be paid by land grants 1| was ahsuvd to suppose that wo could ever people the Nunii- Wos! by thi' aid o\' the Norlhorn Pacili.', a road whicii was di-iani from our Ironliorall ihe \\;iy from one hundred to two hundred miles, || was noi essiiry to lix a period lor th<' completion of the road in order lo liIvo >onlidoui'e to liiiijsli capiialisis as well as Uritish Ctdnmbia ; l>ui lie had no doubt but thai Ibiiish Columbia woulil aiiree to an extension of the i>eriod if il w.is i'onnd tiiat ii could not lie Ituill in the iiiue spei'ili(>d. Hon. Mr. Smith took strong' exee]i- (ion to the clause which re(|uirod the road to lie l»uilt in ten years, no mailer wiial ruin il broiiulii upon Ihe country, and said that no \erli;il assurances of Ministers could extend the time after ihotorms had been aiominion did noi uiaiii iho terms, Brilisii Columbia demanded ihal Colony would annex itself to the United Stales lie would ask the House if it was .sorioiislv I expected to believe that these fen tiu)Usiin(l I white people on the I'acilie coast would be ; (piietly [lermilted to disrupt the Urilish lilnipire .' And even if lliey were, that was an Imperial ' (pieslion and not one to 1)0 settled by I lie : rarlianu'iit of Canada. Canada couM iiei ri'asonablv be expected to buy liie loyalty ol I those people at such a heavy cost. The inipre\e- I mont of our canals was a pail, and a very I important part, ol Confederal ion. .-Vnd llie I work had noi l>een <'ommenced yel because liie counlrv ctiuld not alibrd il, and yd the llouse ! was asked to sanction a schenu' whicli would add $100,0Ult.\: ^•o\v^\\^ \ ■ i-;\ ,>l)piisi'(l Ihi' Vi'solutiiMis on till' yvoumls llial ihi-y iliout;lit lliis aflioii wi'uKl imiIi.m Ifinl to\\aiil« \i.>hiti'(l llic < ('iiNiiliilioii l>y iri\ iiio- |lnii>li il ; liilhtMln. oiu' ol llu' i>rin« ipal arunm<'iit- ('i'lmiil)i!« oiii' ii'i>r<'M'iilali\ 1' tt>v I'xi'iy two atiaiii>i aiiui'xaiion liatl Itoi'ii lliat \v<' \\ tMc m iliiuisaiul iiihahilaiil^, wliicli \va> Irom i<>ii to iiuu-li iiion' liiilitlv taxfil than tin- I lutcil Sial>-s tw.'iity liiiir.s 111.' proporliou ol rcpi»'M'Mlatit>ii ilial uliili- llioiv »l«'li| ciualli'd *iii> p>'r lioatl ol 111 ihi' I'llu'v i>;iil^ dl' till" Uoiiiiiiioii \\ iil> nuaiil llic pi'iMilaiinii, oiif^ \\a^ oiilv "ii"-" : l>ui il' ilu- lo i!u' linamial a.^pri i lu' .-aitl lliai ilu- imcmmiI I'miriiinuv haltiliiv was iii. uivcd ilu' i,il>li\> III \va>- li;,()0'i.tU>(>; it wi.ul.l li'tlUlli' \\ tUlltl M>.>U hi' tiinu'il. aiul i>ur ta\aii>>ii would il.'i.i'OO.Oi'i' ninr.' li. Iiiii«-li ili,' liilcv, iiloina! ; lu- t:rcat.'i lliiii llial ol llii' I'liilrtl Siah's II. sJii.dOO.OOO woiilil 1)1' iici'di'd I.I iiiipiovo llic asked llu il.uiNi' to lake a luiMiu-ss-lik.' \ lew .>l I ;UKils aiul till' pvopMSi'd railwax wmild . ost llu* iiiatu-r and -ax \\ lu'lli.'V ilu' comitry wa-iu s|.",ii.0ii0.()in), luakiiii; a l.'lal dclil I'l <>\ cr a coiulilioii l.> a'«>miu' surji u'a\ \ v.'>p.>ii--i- !0(i,iHHt,OiiO. wliii'li al liv.- p.-r . >'iil w.ui Id hi lii\ Mr ImmIwi'II. ill ■..'.■oiidiii'.; llu' aiiii'iul r.'. |uin' !j;l.")..'iitii.0t)il a y.'ar lo pay luh'r.'M. ni.'iii. ridu'ul.'.l llu' id.'a of a v.;|.'iMit>ii dI llu- Til.' proscnl iiuouu' was !S!|,i,.'iiitl,ih)() and liu' ti'iin- . aii-iiu^- UniTS^i r.>luiiil>ia lo s.'.'k aiiiu'va- .'Xpi'iuliliii.' *! I,:! iri.OUO, and 111' I'.'ar.'d thai sill li li.m. ami said llu' ariiuiiu'iii w.is .mly u-<.'d lo w hol.'sali" addilioiis lo our iiunU'iis would l.'atl rri^iii.'ii soni.- ot lli.' doiiliU'ul suppoiifis of iho 10 national i>anl xiupt. y. Hon Ml- Diinkin lio\ ciiMn.'nt to \ ow lor ilu' nu'asur.' lu' did not Ulill.'l 1 at I'oiisi.l.'ial)!.' Ii'ii'_;lli in laxor ot llu> oi>i.'. l lo a land li'iani lo aid iii . oii-triu'lin'^ a r.'soltilions, on ili.' Liroiuid lliat llu- eounlry was lailwav. bin lliouyhl llu- piopos.'d .|iiaiilil\ i.'o alii'adv pK'd'^cd lo tlu' policy ot l>nildini;' a snmll.and llial a \ t'r\ lari;.' ni.ni.') mam \\.>iild Tanl II' Uailway as a .onip 'lion of Coiil'.'d.'r- 11. 'I'd. 'd ill addiil.ni, hi' ih.'ULilil. also, llial ;iluiii. He ariiucd thai a tiinumli road lo iho ilu' Hudson's Itav ( 'oiupam should ui\<'at least ra.iiii' loiild hi' huilt al a I'hi'apiT rate liiaii ,110(1. Olio 1' as II w as laiii'.'K ml. '1. 'Sled in .11 II' only to liie iu>. ky Mountains, wliieiinuist openiiiii' up the Noriii-W'.'st 11 .' .'.illsli ler.'d III' had lo oi>en up Ihe Norih-Wesi. 'I'he dehate il immoral in aii\ (io\ .rnm.'nl lo iind.'rlak.' was ihi'ii adjouriii'd. j ol)lii;-ations il i ould iioi I'lillil; and he did iioi II -(hi ihe resuiiipiion ol' the dehale. on ' se.' hiiw lIu' ( i.n .'rnui.'iil .inild reasoiiahly llir :'iOlli, Mr. Jones (Halilax) uio\.'d, in amend- expe. I lo I'lillil Ih.' ohlitialimis il was askiii-^ the nieiil to the ameiidiiieiil, thai ihe House lo assume. Hon Mr. Morris .'xpi.'ss.'d ,.11.1'iiiiiii.ni I.. III.' lollowini>' w ords h.' added, " The surprise thai Iw.i sii. h iirtifessi'd advo.aies .•III I I ' ' ' prop.is.'d eiiLiaiiemeni rt'sp.'elini;' ol' ('onled.'ralion as ihe inemh.'r- liir Sherhro.ike id I'll ili. K'ailway, would, in Ihe opinion and i.amhlon. should oppos.' a seh.'iii.' whuh I eireeiualh perle.l ( '.mrederalioii Tin' .Mr. .1 >| :mi.'ii>lm.-iii llie sa ol this House, press too hea\ ilv on llu- ri'sourees wouli orCaiiaila."" He said il .vould he w ell lor Ihe (io\ - h io\ - honorahle iiiem'ier lor ^heiinool had said ihai iiiiiiieiil to pause and eoiisid"- lierore addinu' ill.' he pr.'lerred llu' l.'iuis oriuiiiall) pr.iposed hy IM'.ip.isi'd i 111 111 ens.' Imrdeii ol' laxalion. Ii iiiusl lhili--li C'oluiuhia ; llies.' leriiis ha.l slipulaied lor 1)1' I'.iu. 'inhered ihal there were other I'rovine.'s th.- hiiildiiii;' ol' a C'oaeli ijoad inihiee yars, and yel lo he added lo I he Dominion. New i'ounland the exp.'iidil in.' ol' al least :? l,(li>0,(HM) p.'r aniiuni iiiil Prune I'alward Island, and this lari:e a. Ill the railway : he (Mr Morris) was sure llu ••iiiii of d.'hi w.'uld II.' \ery apt lo d.'l.'r (lieni. lloiis.' would not ihink th.'se i.'iiii'- pr.'l.'ialiU It hoeii slai 1 lliiit ill.' Iiiiildiimdl' lliis r.iad lo I llOS.' wa- iiee.'ssarv to i i'\eiil 15riiish ( 'oliimhia Imhii h oiioralili hi. ly memlier lor I li\ ihe (!o\. '111111. 'Ill The ihl.Hi had sai.l ihat ,aii anii.'\iiii:' ils.'ll' to ih.' I'niled Sialt hill le was iipp(>seii i.i l.i.kiiiL;- Up laiul- by [iiillint; Would ask why Caoada should pay sueh an I hem in Ih.- liamls of a Company, yel, l'\ h uiiiiii'iise sum lo prevent this eonsummalion. ameiiduient, he was lakin'4- the mosi etl'e.iual I'iir Inun preveiiliiin- uuuexulion, however, he wiiy lo loek ih.'iu up hy deiiyiiin' a.'.ess I i thi'iii, H ' m V :l \ w 2:{0 Tl'TTI.KS IIISTOI.'V OF TIIK DOMINION ol' CANADA. lor how conkl si-ttlt'inont he cnconniSi'd unless means were found In uet at the Innds .' 1( had heen said that tliere was very little ai'ahle land in llritisli Cnjnii'hia, hut lu' could state on the authority oi'ihe lion. Mr. Truteh. Surveyor- G-enera! of tiie ProN ince. that fully one-third of r>riti>h Cnluuihin and Vaneouver Island, or .')0.()i)i).UO(i acres was good farming land. He considered the railway more of a m-cessily to Canada llian it was to British Columhia, and araued tlial if the Northern I'acilic coidd he liuilt oil ;i land iirant aloin' there would he no dillii ulty in indiiciMu' capiiaiis's to undertake the Canadian I'aeilie where the natural ohstacles wiM-i' fewer, and a money grant would he added to the land. Mr. Oliver thouu'ht that no hetter terms should he ^ivcii to ISritish Columhia than to the other Province'^, and it was niani- fi'slly nnjuvt to plediie ^l(iii,(i(ii) a y,.;ir lor lands wlii( h had not hen shown to he worth any- thing, and which would only in- a source of expense to the Itoiiiiiiion. He thou-iht these lands should have heeii hd'i in the hands of the Loi al ( io\ cniiiieiit to enconia!^!' immigration with hy lihi'.-al tree liiants. He favored the admission o|' llntisli ("olumhia and the huild- ing $1 iniidf tile railway, hut opposed 'he re.soluiioii.s w'ould I)e. He considered the Govcrnincni oti- as gi\ ing too lihera! terms and imposinu' too heavy ohliuations o;i Canada. Mi. Mauill opposed t:i.' ;vM(lutioiis on the grounds that they unduly liiNored I'riiish Columhia at the exp(>iise oi' the other l^dviines. and imposed too heavy Imrdens on the people. Mr. Colhy supported ilie policy of the GoNerninent. and thou'jht tlnit the liiiaiices of the country had ne\er hcen in a hetter condition to undertake the construction <>l the railway. Hon. Mr. Aiiiilin aid he fully and freely aciepied Con- federation and all the oliliLiatioiis which it entailed, one oj \\ lijeli Was ilie admission of Ihitish Columhia, hut he did not consider the S heme l>ldliOsed one of I lie letjit iuUltl' re.slllts of Confederatio!! at all. Taken oil its merits, the scheme was ohjectifjiial.le in e\ cry way. He oliji'eted to \iolatillL; the Ci.iislitution to uive Hritish Ccdumhia six memheis in the Commons; to pensioiimu olili ials, and to grant- mate of till' cost altoti-eiher too low. anil said some authorities i)laced it as hiuh as sJi'OO.OOU.Odii te ;$2»i), (10(1, ODD. The Government was fast driv- ing the country into the American system of deht and Ir.xation, and when we had these what harrier would then he hetwoeii us and ' annexation ^ The huilding of this road wmlil enormouslv increase taxation, am 1 alll: ouuli It mi ■ht also incrcasi' immiii'iation. no one woui liretcmi thai 11 w ouhl indu ilfic an ,lhi n; >; like a 1 Olllpell- suiricieiit imiuie-ratioii in ten years sale for the immense outlay, h'el'eniiig to ilie piesenl condition of the co\iiilry and the apparent surplus, hi' saiil that was ino^ily caused hy the interest on the Intercolonial Railway loan and the deht rcp.iid hy the (Ileal Western Uailway, and the Housi' should not hi' misled hy this seiMiiiiiii' prosperity into uiidcilakinii' any excessive respoiisihilities A Company had lioou spoken of, hut >vlier»' fi()Vi:i;.\.MKXT OP ].on\) MS(iAR— TIIK admission ok lilMTlSlI COI-rMIUA. 231 \v;is llii' Company, and liow could it raise IT.KdOO.dOOou ,)n,6(t(),(iOO iicn-s of harreu land ? lli> aigufd that Biitisli Coluinhia niu.sl l)o unlit lor M'lilcmcnt, else why had the population diTiTMSi'd so murh ol' lute y<'ar.s :" California li;\il urown to 1)«' a iiicat Slato al'lcr tho u'old li'ViT di<'(l out, and why had not Urilisli Coluniliia :" lie i oiild a.ssii>'n no othor roasou iliiiii liial it was unsuilod for cultivation. I -J. — Sir Francis llincks said he assumed that Itnlii sides of ihe House lavoicd Confederatinii ; s r KrnncM.-' llin.•u^• and lio desired to call attention I'XI.^IIIMM. II. Hull. , ,1 !• . il . 11 il 1 Mr. .MicicMKnii to the lact that all the proeccd- llV...'\idd not build it, he n tilled that the (iovernmcnt had not expected 1(1 be idile to build the road on the land urant iilmie; it would be necessary to liive a money sub>ldy as well, and he supposed t'.iat would amount to a million or a million and a (p.arter per annum, but w hether it woukl be uivcn as a subsidy or as a uuarantee on the share capital ol Ihe Company had not been determined. The Uoveriiment had no intention of incurriiiLi' any such debt iis $10(t,(M)o,()U(). iiml if there was no nthrv way of buildinii' the roiid he may .niv that ilic -ilicme wouM be abamloned ; he did not ouu-iiler that, they would be bound to uo on at all ha/ards of ruin to the Dominion ; and if the , road could not i>e completed in the spe. ilicd , time he was sure British Columbia would not ' be dissatislicd as lony as Canada had done all she coulil. Mr. Workman reiiietted that he I should liave to dis.«.ent IVom the (Iovernmcnt ' on its railway policy. lie thouuht the road would invo!\c the country to the extent of $r)0.000,O0O at least, and that was more than the iountry could allbrd for a railway which would not pay. He ridiculed the idea of a trans-<'ontinental trallic for the products of the I'^asl, and said that any merchant knew those products Would not bear railway travel. As to the Intercolonial, he believed it would be a source of expense and anxiety I'oi' many years to come, and thoui^hl it would !(.• better to lift one elei)hant oil' our hands bcfoic takJM'^- up another and a laruer one. Hon. Mr. Macdouaall accused the Uovcrnnicnt of failin-j' in the final step towards the complelioii ol Confederation. Takinii' an impartial view of the I'use, he must eliarn'c ihcm with ha\iiiL; struck a fatal blow at the lircai measure with which for the past few yt'ars tln'V had been connected, aiul for the sui'ccss of which they were pledged to ibis House and responsible to the country. They proposed for the sake of completinii' the liiion, as they allcii'cd, to load the Dominion witii a (iel)t of double the amount the people now labored under ; and he i claimed that no such sacrilice was needed to i acconijili^h that object. Cnder ilie liritish \ North .America .\ci the Co\tMnment had no I'iuht to enter into any such agreement as the one proposed with Ihitish Columbia, and tell the House that it was of the nature of a treaty and could not be altered, li it could not be cham;ed, what was the uood of subnullinL;' it lo tile House at all. and wasling days in discuss- imr it ! Ibitish Columbia w■a•^ a Crown Colony with a very limited population, whicii was coirsiantly chaniriim ; and it wa- absiird to say that the future destinies of that Colony rested in the hands of the few ibousand miners and adventurers who happened to be there now ami may be away to-morrow. Ibit the power had , beiMi "is en them to ask unreasonable teiuis. and I'.' I' M i: ',1' i I'l ■ !'■-' ( If Tl'TTLirS IIISTOI.'Y OF TIIK DOMINION OF PANADA. (hey had dnm' so, althouiili ho did not believe that the inajoiity o[' the pi'opli' desired lo Ibroe I'lom Canada the teiiiis proixised. Wiiat liuhl Iiad the people ol' tiiat Coloiiy, he woukl like lo know, to stijinlate that pnhlie works should he niuler- taken m the North-West Territories and in the l'ro»inee ol' Ontario ' That was eleai'ly exreed- iiin' their i>(>\ver and inlriniiinti- nn llie riuhts ol' tile Dominion Piirliamenl. The line of tiie proposed railw;iy niiiihl he divided into three sections, the lirst ot which tiirouiih Ontario was barren, roi ky, pre.sentinii' many dillienlties in the way ot eonslrnctinii' a railway, and totally unsnited lor setth'meni ; the middle seetion was I't'rtile and oli'ered lew obstaeles, but wns too sparsely settled to oiler any hop(> ol' a railway payinii' I'or some years; and the lastsection was Ihrouuh :i monntainous, dillicult eonntry, the aurienltnral re.sonrces ol' which wore very doubtl'nl. It wa:s not at all probable that any Company would undertake to build a road throuuh surh a country, and if no Company could be rt)UMd he would like to know whetiicr the (lovernment would undertake to Ituiid the roiid i J[e Ihouuht it woulil be a lar better plan lo build a railway throuiih tlu' ]'"ertile lielt from renibina to the Rocky Mountains, and I'rom thenre have a uood post roail to llie I'acilii . I'rom I'eiiibina counee- lion co>ild bi' had with the otiior jiaits ot the Dominion by the Northern I'aeilic: and the Dominion would soon have a mixed road, part laiul, part water, tlnouuh its own terriu)ry, wiiieh he thouii'ht would be amply suliirient lor numy years. Objeriion miiiht be taken to the excessive representation allowed, and to the larii-e money payments to be made lo the Colonv ; but he was notdisposed to bi- niiiuardly towards new i'rovinces. thinking' that they should have liberal means at their disposal for local improvo- nients. Tlu' exce.-sive representation was a violation ol' tiie British Nortli Anu'rica Act, but it was an evil which would, probably, cure ilseir -n a few years i)y the increase oi' popula- tion. D).— Mr. lieaty would support the resolutions, as he had I'Very coulidenee in the (io\ernment and I'lUly endor.sed their policy ol (ii)einnii- up the North- West ivy..iuii..nsii.i..M,..i , , \ i- 1 , > Willi. .Ill :iitii:i..|iiiriil lor settlement. As lor the Op- position it seemed to him that they had no poljc y except that they oujyht to sit on the Treasury benches, and then the Norlh-Wost could open np itseir. Hon. Mr. Dorion said that ot ihe two aspects i)resented l>y the (|ueslion, the political and the liiiancial, the latter was the most iiupor- taiit,and he hailOO.iiOO.()(Kl, im inlonini- j lion had been Liisen. It was with humiliaiinii i that he had heard a Minister ol' the Crown say j j that after enteriiiiiintoasolemn compact lobitild the road in ten years, the aLiroemoni could ln' broken if it was Ibund inconvenient to carry it out. lie referred to the heavy obligations the Dominion was already under, and the necessity of improviiiiji' the camUs. and said that if he was desirous of seeing ConU'deration broken up he could liiink of no surer way than adoi)tiiii; these resolutions, lie had been opposed le Uonfed'-ration, and was not in favor of an imhli- nite extension of the Dominion ; but if the ; Dominion must be enlarued in some direciieii, it would be far better to e.xleiid it in ihe direetimi of Newfoundland with its |,")ii,(iilo I inhabitants, and I'rince luUvard Island, with its j KlO.KOO seitled residents than to I'.ritish Coluia- \\ bia with its 10.000 nomads. He (pioled I'lom Mr. Sanford I'Teming to show thai a inae- adamiseil road would take seventeen yi'ais te build, and that a railwav was a commereinl ■ .... II absurdity, which would re(|uire eight milliniis a year to maintain it. lie did not think there i was any necessity for a Canadian I'acilic IJaii- way, as the .American roads could ivive ic^ all the accommodation we re(|uircd. ami our money could be much better emi)loyed. lie ( oiisidereil I that the four millions of iiei.ple inhal>iling ihe i basin of the St. Lawrence were more worthy ol consideration than the few residents in ibiti-li Columliia, and that il this vast sum of inoiiev j was to be spent it should be spent in improving Br < (iOVKJiN.MKNT OK L()I?I) I.ISdAR— TJIK ADMISSION' OK BIMTISII COIJ'MHIA. •2X1 tht' liiiials, \vhicli would he of vast importance to tho country, iiisti'iid ol' WiiNtiii"' it on a usi'loss railway. Tlu' nieniltcrs wore then callfd in and a voto takon on Mr. .loncfs' anicndmont to the aiiiendnient, whicii -va.s lo.st : Yoa.^. tl;! ; Nay.s, ' lis. Mr. Ross (Duiidns) moved in amendment, "Tiiat, in tlie opinion of lliis House, tlie I'urtlier : consideration ol' the (pu'slion ho postponed lor ! the present session t)!' rariiament, in order that greater and more earet'ul lonsiileration may he i^iven to a ijiiestion ol' such niai;nitude and importance to the peojdo ol' this Dominion." Lost: Yeas, 7o ; Nays. s."). The vole was tlien tiikonon Mr. Mackenzie's amondmont whieii was del'eated by a vote ol' t)7 to 1' 1. lion. Mr. Uorion then moved in anu'ndment, ' Tiiat it l)e resolved in view ol' the oniia^'ements already entered into since C'onrederalion and the hirue expendi- ture urgently recpured I'or canal and railway purposes, this House would not he justilied in iinposinii' upon the people ol' this Dominion the enormous l)urdens reipiired to construct within ten years a railway to the Pacilic, as proposed hy the resolutions sul)mittod to the House." host: Yeas. 71) : Nays, it I. The main motion was then carried on the same divi.sion, and the resolutions passed thiounh ( ommittee. 14.— C)n the I'ollowim;' day (olst ol' March) on Sir Cleorgc! E. Carl ier movinu' concurrence in On .ho, notion >o ^^'^ '"''I'-'i't »'!' Uie Committee ol' 'JilKkl.'Mn.'Hirors t the other I'our-lirths ol' the cou.itry throuti'h which the road must run was good for mining 27 purposes. He ridiculed as absurd the statement of the Minister of Militia tiial the laud purchased from British Columbia fen- $l',0I)i>,0II0 would be taken in account by any railway company as ^ I '>.(;0(l,000. He . liaracterisi'd the statement nuide by Ministers that the condition to build the rctd in ten years need not be comidied with unless the tlovrnimi'iit jilcasi'd. as the greatest piece of political imuioi'alily lie had ever heard uttered in thi^ Houm'. rariia- ment could not alliu'd to loo.sely cnii'i' into engag(>ments it did not mean to pcrlorm, and he for oiui would never give his . onsenl lo .my measure he was not prepared to fully cmry out when the time came. He had been char^i-ed with sayinii' that the railway was a political necessity. He denied ever havinti said so. What he had said, and was willini;- to admit, was that it was desirable to have conununi'Miiou with r.ritish Columbia as .soon as the liiiaiicial condition of the country would admit of; but to undertake to build in ten years a railway from theOttawa Valley, through a rocky and dillii uli country, to the Pacilic Ocean would lie an act of stupendous folly. He pointed out that the Northern rarilic Railway could uoi pay ihe interest on its bonds; th.it the (Irand Trunk 1 had never yet paid one cent, and yet Ihe House ' was asked to lu-lieve that this i)roposcd railwav, which for two-thirds of its route would pass through an uninhabited country, woiiM be a grand success at once. \\ ,• h;id two hundred i mih's of uninhabital)le country lyiiiL:' between the head of Ijoko t^uperior am! WinnipcL;' ; I and he would suggest a cheaji narrow liauge I railway and steamers on the streti-hes of inivigabie waters as all the means of communi- cation whicii would be needed for yi'ars to , come. He considered tin- lailw ay .si hiiin' one of ! tin' most foolish imaiiinable ; and what was it for ^ To get .some lt»,(IOil j)eople into the Inion, ' who would cost the country over $10, ()()() per head! Such ti'i'ins argued either insane reck- j lessncss on tic part of the ( io\ ernnieiii, or a painful want of patriotism which wouM uieatly damage the country. He declared that it was ' monstrous to sup|)ose that a small body like tint ffll r '! Ilisfjli ) ! 11:: 2:', I TCTTI.F/S IIISTOIIV OI' TTIK nOMINlOX OF CANADA. British Coluni1)iii C'oiimil should bo allowed to draw lip propositions bindiii' mi the rarliamciit ol' llii' Doiuinioii, and thoy woi . to 1h' t )Id that they must iioi ilii i thorn. !!<• lonclutlod 1)y inoviii; (I • ..II (ho word.s alter '-that'" he in"'- in.'^ertod ; ''That >f omiti' '1. ■Mid till' lolluw having re:j:ii(l to the vast iinporlanco f|nesli(ins inv( iiiciiulinu' llie fi lived m tl 10 saiil reso )liiti ons, !)liiiation to eonstniei within ten voars the I'aeiiii- Railway, the cost ol' which is ostuna tid I o exeei 'd §1(10,000.(100. time sliould ho ali'iirded to tlio iieuplo and tlu'ii' repvosont- aiivc*; fur cnnsultiuiuii bd'oi iiiiiim' t( final (lecisioii. and that the .oiisidi'ratioii of the said resolutinii siiould therelnre b next session." postpom d till 1."). — Sir treoriio ]•]. Cartier said he had hoped that I lie [hn >v\v\-:\\ inilt'ii'lllllMlI- |iUt llllil lo.-t. di^ itavs (lisiiission won Id 1 lav o.xhausted the matter, and ho would nut have had to speak aiiain. but he I'elt oomnolled to ri'ply to the remarks of the memlier lor Lambton. Tho hoiKiia'.ile gentleman objected to bimlinii' tho countrv to build 2.")(iO miles ol' railway in ten voars. and said we could not alliird it. Did he Ibriiet that years auo when Canada w;is miirh more sparsely settled than it was now we had built 2,(100 miles of road in eight years :" Had Canada bi'eii ruined by those works, or had her aaricultural iiiierests sulibred i* Ijesides the railway she hud also built the Victoria Ih'iduv at Montieiil, which alone ecist as nunh as .')(I0 miles of rail w;iy. and several other larqe I)ridsie8. ir tho railwav could lie built at all, it cnu' . be doi lonsidered till' time tof> long than tooshort. The hundred millions exi)endituro was a buuboai. e in ten years, and lor his part, he rather a phantom i usr th. opposition : there wa no idi'a of sjiendinL!' any sueb sum, the (lovern- nient purposely Ueepiiui' control (jf its i)ublie lands to facilitate railway enterprises. He could not see that there was any object to be liained by jiostponing the matti'r, as ])roposcd in tli«' aire'iidmi'nt, ind should therelnre oppose Mi ariiiied ihiit the tenii> o n wnicii l'>riti.>-h C' iimbia was to In- admitti'd h:id nol been bei'oiv ihe people, iuid therolbre it was proper to postpone action ui.:/ :]\v I'lOj'.^ ,j;]\^\ have an oj>port unity of oxpressii'-Tf in oi.ini.ri Tho tioveriiment h.id tno(! 1(. iii,\ke j^ iit .,i the fait that the hundr.'d millio.j \\:i:. moi i-, be all in cash, but it had nol l)oen disj.iu.Ml that tho cost would be that sum, and tliat l.-in'j ! admitted it made little dillereiice whetlier ii was paid in land or money, it was the s.uue dniiii on the resources of the country, Tho (.iovirii- , moiit ariiumeiii was that wo would iioi hr exported to perl'orin imp'ssiliilities; btu an honest man woiiM I'uHii his oblJLiatioiis ii n involved l)anknii)t. y. ;iiid if the (.lo\ ernineiii undertook these obligations il ouiilit to bf wjih I the exportation of honestly lullilling iln'in. If' thought it would be better to take more tinic lu consider tlio matter.and would iheivfore >upp(.ri the amendm"nt. Hon. Mr. Tilley maintained tliat there was no necessity lor delay ; the ! sehenie hiid been befor.' the jiublic for thiLH' monllis;nid had bem fa\()i;d)ly received, iiidei'd it had been agitated throuiih the pre.ss ,'\or since Confederation. He thought thid ;i 'noiiev subsidy of $](t,u()(i prr mile would on ihi' buildiiiii' of the road bi-yoiid 'piestii,/!. Hon. Mr. Macdouiiiill (pioted from a I'enorl nindo by Mr. Hind, an oliieoi' of the ilo\ ennieni, te show that there was only Id.OoO.uQO acr.v- uf arable land in the Fertile licit of tlie North- West ; and taking tho arable h d, in Rrilisli Columbia as lO.OOO.dOO. that w.mld .ndy iimke .■,0,(100,000 aeres, all of whirh was to be yiv.'U to , the Kaih'"u Company, and the (lovennniiil I would ' • iio good land left for si tilm;.'!!!. ' He deill. d ' .it the sehonii- had been before till' public tor months, as it was only alter ilic debati' was commeiHcd, on the tweni v->e\ ciiih, that its lull mauiiitude was made known Mv .lones (I.oeds) said that although both -id.> doprocated party con.'sideriitions Ik had n>\.r i h.'ard a (|Uostion made a nnu'e thorouuhly pariy j one. Ho opposed the resolutions because he did not think the country could allord the e\))enditure ; and he wiis also of ()|)iiiion tliiit the jnijiefial ( io\erniiient li (i()VKi;yM''.\T (.. i.,.;;i> ijs(;.vi!— riiM admission of iwini.sii coli-mkia ; uluiiil)ia foultl hi' very linod, or there would li;ni' l)t'('ii more .scltlciin'iil ll.i'i'. lie w.isin liivor !>{' coii.sidoriilidii ol' tin; lunticr l)i'ii)i'- po>liioni'cl, and slioiUd vote lor the aiiif • lui'iit. Mr. M;ickiMizi(''s amendment \v;i.s then pill and \os{ ]i\ a \ ote ol' i>-« lo s.') Mr. Cariwriglit moved an amendnu'Ut to llii' rl.veiiih resolutidn t<; tlie olleet that the Dominion Uovernmeul j)led<>-(>d itself to use its hcNl endeavours to i omplcte the railway in ten vi'ars. Lost, Yeas 7, Nays 18,). Mr. Roilweil iimved in amendment to strike out all words alter " that " and insert the iullowinii' : 'That llie proposed terms 111' nninn with IJrilish ('(ilumt)ia i)rovide lor rejiresenlation in the Senate by three members, and in the House of Commons l)y six members, while ihe white pejiulation is about 10.00(1^ and sules of the constitution, a piiiiiipli- which ouuhl not to be disturbed wiihout the con.si'iit of the I'rovim es, ami that ill,' said resolutions be rel'eri'cd back to a (/oni- iiuiiee ol' the whole House for the jnirpose of ivilu. iii'.i the number of representativ"s in the Ifaisi' of Commons." Mr. Killam moved, in amendment to the amendni'nt. that the words ' pnpidation is about 1iiii,kout. Lost.— Yeas. 4;J; Nays, 100. Mr. I'lodwcHs amendment was then rejected. Yeas ■")"', Nays ST. Mr. IJIake mo\ cd, in amendmen!, to strike out all words alter ' that, " and insert the I'lllowinii- 'That the i)roposed terms of union wiili r.ritish ('olumi>ia i)rovi)r jiJ.oOd.itOn, lor the cession of a tract of Waste laml on the route of the propo.-ied I'acilic railway, to aid in its construction, while any Mii'h land re(|uii'cd for that puri)o-ie should be eeiled without chariic. in like manm r as lands of ilie Dominion are to be rede I. ami that the said resolutions be rccommitti'd for ihe purposi' of aniendiiui' the same in accM.luiiou," IaisI ; Yeas, .V.l , .Nays. si. The resobi'io'..^ were hen ado^iloo, and iu"i<'i'e.s based on them InModuced and read .iu' III.--' time. ir, — On ihe motion of Sir (.ieorue Iv Cavu-r, , on the followinii' day ( Isl of April, foi 'li'l siTond readinii' of the address. j Mr. Maikeiizie said that his „ i',i.h.,'i'«ii"i,..i. '" . , , . , , , , , .■iiiH'M.tliH'ril. ; Side dul not nitend to delay the i House any longer, but would take one moievot(> ! as a [irotest against some of the terms. Having' nuide this protest, the Oppositicm would throw upon the (iovernment the responsibility for the extraordinary terms which had been < oncedod in (he aildress; he therefore moved. "That this House, while willing to give its best i onsidera- tion to any reasonable terms of union with Jlritish Columbia, is of opinion that the terms embodied in the said address are so unreasonable | and so luijust lo Canada that this lloii. should ! not agree thereto. " Iloii. Dr. Tui)per said that hi' had not hitherto taken any i>art in the 'are; ■ ..■ethei than any other route, thus securin;;' a laige ■moui ! of trallic. Mr. Scatcherd s.iid he was o)>pos 'd t;) admitting Ihitisli Colund)ia on ihoe t<" '- or onanytermsi' i wo\ild increa,se t;' .lion, lie did not think Conlederaiion hail bp'cu .i su> cess for three sections — Nova Scotia. (^>uel)e' and Manitoba -were dissatislied : am! he did not lind any dilierence between the pL.-iiinu of the minority now and what it was in [Si;,"). The Covernineiil was ijuiie as arbiirar\ and un- reasonatde now as then. He should oppose the resolutions, for if they wi're passed every- thinu' we ale. drank or wore, for the ncxi lil'ly years, would be stamped with I'acilic Kailway J "■"I ii fl i , . ' i I !i ■s.u; tuttij:s irisToi.'v of iiik dominion of canada. tiixps. Hon. Mr. Iluntiiin'loii siiid, Unit iilthout;h hi' had Vdti'd iiuiiiiist Coni'cdoratioii, still hi- desired l'> sec ihe stheme since it had been adoj)ied, cinried to complete success ; l)Ut Conredenitinii was not a machine which would carry itself to success without careful and wise uianaircmcnt. Already the national debt had been increased iiity per cent., aiul now it was |>rop<)sed at one sweep to auamcnl it $10(1.00(1,0(10. He argued that Confech'ralion was (piitc :is much an Imperial as a Colonial policy : and it it was the duty of the Imperial I'arliament to aid in <'onstructiny- the Inter- coloiiiiil, it was a iiuiidred limes more its duty ; to assist in coiHU'cting the Eastern Provinces with the I'acilic. He would be glad to know ii the (lovernment had any reason to give! the House wliy they had lorced the lunpire from its share of this great work of consolida- tinii- the ihiiish jiower upon this coutincni ? As tile Honorable Minister of Militia did not seem the Domiiiiiii beyond the (d)liiialioii of its money resources le a loyal and earnesi jjrosecution of the work, without entailinu' unthu' and excessive burdens on '.lie jteople." Sir (ieoru'c K. Carlicr opi'i'sed the resolution, but promi',ed lo hring down n resolnlion on Monday or Tuesday, expliiiiinu (loVHl.'XMKNT 01- l-OI!D I.ISiiAi; TIIH ADMISSION OK MRITISII COIJMUIA. •JHT how the GovtMiiiiKMit, proposed lo huild the niilwiiy. Messrs. Mackenzie, IJlakoiiiul Howell cxpit'ssi'd thomsolvi's iiiiaMc to support Ihe iiiiii'iidiiii'iit. Sir A. T. Gall's aiiifiKlint'iit was tlu'ii i«ut and lost. Yens,?; Nays, liiO. The main motion was then carried, the address passed and ordered to !»(> ens'Tossed. In accordance with his promise. Sir (ieorii'e E. ("artier, on 4th April, <>ave notice thai on the next day he would move the I'ollowinu' resolution : '• That the Rail- way ri'l'erred to in the address to Her Majesty concerning' the I nion ol' lirilish Colunii)ia with Canada, adopted by this J louse on Saturday, the 1st April instant.* should he constructed mill worked hy private enterprise, and not by ilie dominion Government, and that the public aid to be given to secure that undertakini;- should consist of such liberal grants oi' land, and such subsidy in money, or other aid, not mululy pressiu!^' on the industry aiul resources ol' the Dominion, as tiie Parliament ol' t'aiuida .shall hereinal'tcr determine. " Mr Mackenzie raised the [loint of order that the House had already voted iliilral iil llio Miii'iIimimIiI .Minirlry. wi'iv lulnlilml nil ll„ \.l .,/ Apnt. iiili'Milin'c^ ll.. ri-'*iiliiiiiiii.< ill the S|.||:il,|. liliiposed. bu eiiuinal plan be strictly applied in the case of new Provinces or they woidd have uo representation at all on account of the sparseuess of their ])opulations. Their future liTowth aiul increase of pojuilation must be taken into account also. This priiu'iple had l)een admitted by both Houses in the t ase of Manitoba, and approved by the GoviM-iiineiit and I'arliament of I'^iiiiland, and the .same prin- ciple had been admitted in .he in-gociations with Newfouiullaiul. it was only fair, therefore, to apply it to Ib'itish Columbia. It was a mis- lake lo say that Indians were not taken into account in the matter of representation in Canada, for all the Hidians were beiiui' included in the present census, and it was most likely that they would form an element in the readjust- ment of representation which would take place alter the census was completed With regard tothesecoiul i>roposition he said tiiat tiic scheme had been before the pul)lic for thn>e months, and he had not seen any objections raised to it in the pul)lic press. He entered into details to show that Canada would receive :d>out $;>ti:],.')()tl l)er annum fnnn liritish Columbia and pay out about ^.'iill.nOil, exclusive of ^pKi.ilOO per annum for the laml needed for the railway. As to tie- railway itself he said liiat Canada only li-naran- teed to secure its construction, not to build it herself The ten years clause he did not con- sider as compulsory, but only as a uuaraiitee of good faith, for Canada could not be expected to perforin impossibilities ; and if such an event as a foreign war, or any othei' unfoiseeii circum- stance should arise to posti)one the I'onipletion of the road, IJritish Columbia could not object to the delay. Every one who had debated the (piestitui had admitted the necessity of biiildiii!:' the roatl at some time, and the advaiitau'e of havinii liritish Columbia adniiiled to the Inioii ; and he could not sec that anythimr was , to be gained by delay, we were in excellent linaiicial <()iiilition now and were not likely to beany better oil' in ten years time, and he knew of no rea,son for delay. Canada had si)enl silU",- 0()i>,000 on railways since IS.M and im one could deny that the country had been iniinensely benelited thereby, ll was true thai the shure- i =llt|| ».llt « i .1 '11 11 :i ! 'I 191,!- I h !!".i ^1 TAX 'iri"T[j;s IIIST()I{V OI'TIIK KOMIN'loN < >l" ( 'AXA l»A. n' holders liiid iiui IxMii very urciui ''''iiclitcd, )»ut ilir iidvinitiii:<' tf> ihi' couiiiry was uii((U>'sti()ii- iihlc : yi't if ii lind hei'ii said twt'iily yoars iiiio lliul lliis \;isl sum winild In- cxin'iidi'd on iMJlways cviTylxidy would liavo 'HtHliLh'd liuaiiciii! niiii lov liic cnuiitrv. l)Ul ik)\v •■vho liiouLjliI it ;i hiirdcu .■* He lliuu'jlil lliMl till' road could !)(' huilt will) a money suhsidv of lioin s7,(»no to sKi.uoO )),.r mile iu addition l() the land uraiil, and said ihat il would not jircss lu'a\ily oil till' iii'0|il(', as il would he spread over a numhi'V of years ; it would he IST; Ixd'ori' the suiveys loulil h.' eoiii|>leied. and il would he huilt at the rate of, perhaps. loi» nules the first year. 20ft the seeond, and so on. 'i liis (luestion was one w I'.i' ! eoiieeriied not llrilish Columhia alniie hill the whole Douiinioii. and especially the Norlh-West which would ne\er he Imill up without railway oommuiiii alion. is.— Hon. Mr. l.eii.llier de M. .TusI said that simo Confedeiaiion was an aejomplished livet ii..n. .Mr. i.,i.i:i,r '"' ^^ ''^ w i 11 i 11 1^' to accept it and "'>•'■"'"'"" '"""'• do all in his power to make it suceossful : but hecouldii'ii support ilu'cxirava- uant liiiancial i>i)licy • ontaiiied in tlie resolul ions, il had heeu ui'iji'il that Hrilisli ('oluiiil)ia might heroine aniiexe(l to the I'liiied .Stales ; he I hoiiLi'ht that il' the pefiple ihere were noi loyal eiiovii;h to wani lo join Canada on reasonal>le lerms.il Would hi' hesi iiol lo have llrilish Columhia at, all. l[e considered ihe i.'rms pro|iosed most unreasoiiahle : and from the maimer in \\ hieh they had iieen passed in liie Urili-h Colnmliia Lcgislaiure. and llie j'arliameiit id' Canada told that no alteration lould he made, it looked as if Ih'itish ('(diimhia projiosed lo annex the Dominion instead of ihe Dominion annexing" liritish Columhia. He argued that, taking the Inlercoioiiial as a Liuide, the pinposed railroad would eost $!.")(), 000, 0(1(1, ili;,t no Company cotild he ioiiiid lohuild I lie road for the laud grant and ihe proposi'd sultsidy of seven or eio-ht millions ; ' House to ])ledg(« it.self to huild ihe road willuun knowing what it would cost, or whelher tlie lountry coiildallord it. He claimed I ha I the sc.ije of repre.sentalion was unjust to the other l'in\iii- ces, and especially to (^uidtec, whii h w as ahi'adv unfairly dealt with at Confederation hy havia- the numher of her representatives lixed at sixlv- live for all time, w hile the other Provinces w oiili! iiicrea.sc their numher. On the (|Ueslioii i,\' pensions, he ihoughl it sliaiiac thai the ( ioxeiii- meiit had at Confederation dismissed many eld servants of Ihe I'rovinco ol Canada willieiii ])eiisions. ami reriti.>h Columhia. He coik hided hv movinti' in ameiidmeiil, "Thai in the opiiiieii of this Housi', ilie further consiilerai'on of llii^ (lue>lion he postponed for the present session el Parliament, in order that greater aud niev,' careful consideration may be yiven to a (]iii'siieii of suidi nnvgniUule aisd imporiaiice to the people of this Domiiiioa " lit. — Hon. M I Wilmol, iiise<-ondinglhe anieiHl- iiieiit, said iha, he was not iiulisposetl to raiiy out Confederal ion hv the adiiiis- .,,.., /, 1 " 1 ■ 1 •,. Till' .hliln'-- M.|ii|.i,.| sion ol lirilisli Lolai«il)ia, and it in iii,. ,>.,oi.' I I 1 1 " irilnlir ainrU'lllH III. the U-overnmenl would emitody in the resolutions, stipulation;; similar to those iniroduced in tin- House of Co.umons* il would remove many ohi(>ctions that he had to the scheme as it stood. He di'L not ohjeil lo the liheral liiiancial terms, hut wasslroiiuly opposed to incurriii'.; any such g''e'anli( work ;!>■ the railway, without l)etter in'.ormalion on ihr subject. He (juoied iVoin Allison, and oilier authorities to show the e\il ell'ects of undue railway speciilalion ; ami uriicd thai as husiiios men ihey should carefully couri ihe co>l hejore eiilering uiiou su' h an enu^vprisi-, and pau-e hefore rushiiie- into expenditures which in.iy lead lo National bankruptcy. He reviewed ilie expi'rience of New IJruuswii'k willi regard le • SiM' .V.iiii'c 111 .Mi.li.iM jui'ii l).\ Sir [,rMI!I.\. •.M't hnildinu' Viiilwiiys. and siiid tliiil if Iho (lovovn- siich athinir: tli<' pi'Oj)!!' would not .sliiiid it, 111. 'Ill luid loiiic dow 11 willi ii di'iinili' proposul lo and men if llicy would tln-y cnuld nol li(nru\v ■jivi' s(i iiiiicli a mill' and suili iKiuaiitily ol' land llu' iiioiicy. He lavov"! Un' unitui <)|' all tin" ii) a voKpi>nsil>l<' Conipaiiy to build tlu' load lu' I'rovini'o at on<(' and tin' huildiiiL;' ol' iIh' road, uiuikl have g-ivi'ii it his support; hut tlii-sc ami supportod tin* ri'M)luti(>ns. Ilnii. Mr, Dcx t-r hirl I picdgt'd the conn ucih'ial resolutions \v to more llnin it could pei liinii, In* \\ as eonii III oiM'i 'se itrv i said tliat the advaniau ipelled liv hot' i! \\a^ onlv if union heiiiL; adniilli'd I'l to consider the i|>pose. lion. Mr. Miller dwell on the many ,h1\ anlaucs which had already accrued iVoin Coiilcder: tioii; and held that it was our dulv to ilarii'e the union as ra [lidly as possible un itil terms, and he was iniiti itislied with ihos •y \v ',ii)sed by the (i(i\ eniiiieni lloii. Mr. I)i thouuhl we had been rather niilbrtunate in oiii negotiations lor admittinii' new Piovinees ; we juare mile oj' Drilish territory in North , had paid f-'.On.Ouu for the Nortli-\Ve>l. and e\i'iy S( .\iiieiiea was uiiiii'd under one ;-ol lb explained It ( •iiLjth the ureal i loseriini' lit iioihiii"' lor it; we had oU'ercd \'.\y ii es(niri'es of ' terms to Newloum llritish <'oliunl)ia. iis nnejiiilieeni loresls, rii h aiKt and now tin Uan.l II and oiise w a.«- as rinee ke.l I lid iii).'ial w aid o eoli.sliler mil n's, not only of the precious metals but. o| the terms pro|)o>ed lor tli auinissioii ol iilish coal, and splendid lisheries ; and argued that no lime could be more ravoral>le than the present loi uiiilint;' with this line I'rovi nee II e warm I ail\ ocateii th )uii(iin tin railwa llioiiuht that the advantaiie ol' hav >'• ami Columbia. Ho thoii'jhl 'l w>iuld ha\t' been i)i'ttcr ii' the (ioveriimeiit had simply ai-reed )!' the road ihrou-jh ini'iit had been iiiaih> lire the buildin Companies, but lis tile n'jrei mil;' load he was i)re|>are(l to support the resolutions lion. rmm the .\ilantic to the racilicon Jh'itish territory , Mr. ('hai)ais der.ii(lc'll I, :ui< I showed that ll il.5i> i>er acre, .so that, even il' the proposed (111 the resources ol' the Uomiiiion. Hon. Mr. Company only received :;:2.(iiiti,(i()U acres, ii Sanborn raised the constitutional ol)jerl ion to the I would have !J4S,<)0(),I)()0 worth ol' land, and, resoliilioiis ihal there was no provision made in with a subsidy of sj,").0()(t.(ii)() Irom the (}o\ern- no dillicult V the llritish North Ann'rica .Act I'or the appoint- meiil, he thoU'.ihi there wouh iiiciii ol' Senators I'rom ISritish Columbia, while , in the Company's raisii ilic lesolutious allowed thiei' to that Province. lie ihoULihl that if this railway was a part ol' the de])at. was c(nitinue( I I hi 1 the I V d:i )alauce. and w as participated in by Hon. Messrs. Smith. Iloliin ln|ienai policy ind we ouiiht to hav. Il iiperial Mitch Skead, Ma. I'arl up[).irt and assistance ; but instead of receivii ind Flint, who supported tl vne, I'Litsloicl. lieiison polic\ ol' tin OMsiaiice the troops were wilhdrawi 1. and it (io\erninen! ; and Hon. Messrs. S. vmo ur. Wark looked as if we were expected b) sliilt lor our- Ueesor. MacMasier, Christie. McClelan. Odell OS. He aruticd that the population of lirilish Olivier and .Simpson, who oppo.sec selV I it. On Ih Ciilumltiu — even in(dudin"- Imlians — had been ' lil'th a vote was taken on Hon. Mr. Let.dlier" Mvally over-estimated, ami the cost of ilie rail- ! amondme'it, w hi.h was los t— V ea> !1 ; Nay.' ly very much underestimated. He put the ' ;i8. Hon. Mr. Sanborn then nn)ved. seconded iost at not an $10(1,000,001). am M' 'd i bv Hon Mr, Ivcsor. to insi'ii the I'ollowiii'. tile resolutions because In' did m)t consider '• While this II ollsc desire ih U' eallv union ol llie \va> th.iu 1) onriuon con Id rd any siu'h outlay as , British Columbia with the Dominion, and is required by them Hon. Mr. Macpher.son } ineparod to adopt any plan coiisistani with a uhl it was ridiculous io .say that Parliament ! prudent and lair I'stiniale of th.' resources of iiii''mled to incur a liability of |IOii,O0ti,0ii(i ; no this count ry to .se. uro this result, it cannot, with CMivcriinieiil would be so reckless as to think (d' a due rejjard to our linani'ial ability, com in in I I I rs I I ^ ii'tt 1 ■"Tfffr^ t iiij nil II ' L'|(» TITTM;s IlISTOItV OF TIIM ItoMIVIdX oT CAN'AltA. thi- tcniis set loidi ill suid addit'ss uiul roport, illll>o^illlJ upon ilii> (lovonuin'iil the iilisolutc ohliualioii to scruic {\u\ coinplotioii ol' ii niilway eoiiiinuiiiriitioii liclwt'L'ii I In- I'acili<- (.■oast and thi- railway system ol' Canada. " l.,ost — Yeas, 21 ; Nays. .'"». JIom. Mr. Saiiliorn. .st'coudcd by Hon. Mr. l.,foiiard, iiiovi'd tin- lollovviiii:- anifiid- mi-nl : •■'IMial tin' railway rt'lcrriMl lu in the sai^> and appro\ I'd li't'porl o| llie Donimittoe ol'lhc I'rivy Counril, should he construolfd and world'd hy private t'ni('ri)ris(', and not l>y the Dominion (io\ rrnnicnt, and thai lln- piihlir aid to bo Liivt'ii to si'diii' thai iindi'ilakinii' should consist oi' such lil)i'ral grants of land, and .surli subsidy in money, or other iad, not unduly prt'.s.sing on the industry and re.sourccs ol the Dom. ion as the Parliament of Canada shall hereafter deterniinc. " J.,ost — Veas, -21 ; Nays. 3!l. The main motion to adoi>l the resolutions was then carried. Yi'as. :5S ; .Nays, I'l. We have •jiveii thiis chapter iiuirli the character of Parlia- mentary proceedings, but this has been thought desirable, inasmuch as the details of the admis- sion ol' Ihiiish <'()lumbia to the <'oufederation are not only iniiiortaiil as a sul))ert of refereiu.'e, but iiistnutive as indieatint;- the manner of the political growih of the Dominion. CIIAl'TKK XXI. (;uvi:i;n knt oi' loki) idsdAi; ahi'.iti.'A- 'fio.v i'.!;t\vi;i:.\ d.n'iwuio AMii>>ri:iii:('. 1.— TlIK I'1!('VSK.< ]'.\ Cnr.NSKI, Vt>\l HdTII i'um'I.VCKS.— ;■). I.NTEia.ii- CUTiiJiV .lUIXiMKNT \Y K'KSIONS. -7. TlIK . KKMAIM.Nd Alllil- TJtATOUS DKIIDK Til I'liKCKKl). A I'UKl'KDK.NT 1<'U-|||K KlSlIKUIKS AWAWD. — 8. TlIK TKWMS i>y Till; AW Mil) l)l\!l)l.\(l TlIK DKI'.T, KIAHII,!- TIKS A.VK \SSKTS. -!j. TlIK (^n.lll'C (loVKll.V- .MK.NT, AiN'l) liulll llnfsKS ni- TIIK bK(H.-SI,A- TIIfK, I'liiilKST AilAI.NST TIIK AWAUn.— 10 Siu John A. Mmdo.nai.d dkcides th \t tin DoMI.NHiN (.JoVKUN.MK.NT II \S No I'oVVKi; hi I.NIKKKKKK I.N THE MATTKIt. — 11. Mi;. 1'.I.\ke MoVKS Koi; I'Al'EKS AND ('o|! j;K.>i|'oM)E.N(K. — 1 2. Uesi iLUTIt »NS THAT 1 1 1 K Do M I Mo N V.-.^r \| I . Tin: wiKjKK DKHT i.\ri;oiii< kd iiy Hon. Mit. DolildN, AM) 1)K('I,\KKI) OUT OK ol.'DKIi. — 1:',. Hon. Ml!. DOHIO.N UK.VKWS HIS MoTli'N l-nU AN Addwkss. — 14. Ski CJkokok l']. Cautiki; l'KoI»(jSKS AN AMKNDMKNT To THK MOTION. - l.j. Hon. Mi{. Hoi/rov aiovks an xmkndmknt Ki.iri\Ai,i;\ r to a motion ok want ok cun- Kii)KN( K — !((. Synopsis ok thk dkuatk. Hon. Mii. Hoi/roN's motion dkkkatkd. M koi;, !•') AOAiNsr. — 17. Other amkni)mi:ni> i.osT. The CJoveunmknt sustainkh va a VOTE OK lis TO 40. I 1.— A <|Uestion wliichoccuiiicd a Liood deal ol public attention at this time, and whiih was lln' sul)ject of several debates in Parliament durinii' the session ol »Iimi', i'hc'v'ri'.iin'i.'i'- Is^M, was the award ol the Arbi- trators api)ointed tv) determine how the dild nl the i'rovinee of Can.ida at the time of Confcdcr- ation should be divided between the I'roviiiio of (Jntaiioand (Quebec. H will be rememl)en'i| that the del,, of the Province ol Canada exceeded the amount to be assumeii- 112. ni. M., (.Illiu llnti.-h N.illi Auicii.ii .\.l. l->''7- iIh' , ili'lilK III Ihi' Ihrco I'l'iiviiici^^' III Ciijiri'ili'i'iiliiiii wrri- [ilin'i'il iil ,JiiL'. •i»i.i«"i I lur C'liiiiuhi. .^i.iiiiii.imi liir .N'uVii Siiiliii.iiinl s7,iii«i,i»«i liir .Nrvv l)iiiii.-«i' l> ; Mini liy .MTrniii I l:i iiirliiiii ii.^.^i'ti »m' ilufliirnl In lii^ llio |iiii|ii'ilv nl lln ri'ovincc III' CitiiHilii. Ai;n.— 10 Ml \T Till 'owr.K III I i;. lli.vKK i ;i)EN i i ■; i 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ !r 140 ■"IS 120 1.8 1.25 ||U ^ ^ 6" - ► * > /; '/ /A Photogr^hic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 ' ^V4i^ <;. t/j I (' ' f?fWl^W^WWT 1 1 ! i 1 i 1 1 1 :l]i pri ii I i : i. iviT..y"tHt--\. 1 • ^."'^'F fir ■ io'if)n. lo 'wlopt tlu' .'■ [ ._ Mius. but this h ;( sill 1)0' 1 tlOUg'Ut i j, K„ idiniN- su.UjO;" .'TJ^I? KV! '■,!:.'.l l.iitiaiii ■,•.■1,1. o!.^ iiV ARlil- KPVNT I ion ':. !■!;,■!': y m 1i r I i 'I ! !i' •^^ The onso US pros l>y Oiihirio. 'Thillori. I,.l Ciiiiii. (Jiu'ljuo, Siilifiidi'-iicncri counnol lor that (loVKUNMllXT OF LoKD I,IS(;A[!-- AlililTKATlON IJKTWKKX ONTARIO AND (,»n':i!l-;('. liU laturcs ol' Ontario and (^urlH'c have met; and j tht> Arbitrator chosen l)y tho (iovcrnnuMit of CmikhUi shall nol he a r.'sidi'ni cilhcr in Ontario or Qncbec." I'ndcr I his authority tho Honor- able David Lewis Nhuphorson, Senator, was appointed Arl)itralor on behali oi" Ontario ; the Honorable Charles Dewey Day on behalf of (Quebec; and the llonoraljle John Hamilton Oray, M.P., on bebalf of the Dominion, the date of the latter appoinlment beini;- *21st March, 18(38. The Honorable John Hillyard Cameron, Q C, was counsel for Ontario, and Messrs. Lewis E. N. Casault,* and Thomas ^V. Ritchie, Q.C., for Queljee. The cases for the respective Pro- vinces were stated by printed factums. J. — By the fiictum presented by tin,' Province of. intario the whole debt of the old Province of n,eonso««presentc.,i t'auada at the timeof Confedera- i,y Ontario. ti,„j ^,..^^ placed at $73,08!),.55:!.92, and. consequently, the sum to be apportioned between Ontario and Quebec at $10,5'5!t.o53.!t2 being' the excess over $4)2,500,000 assumed Itv the Dominion. Schedules were prepared giving the sums which had been spent on Local improvements in each Province since the Union, by which it was shown that $0,8:33,7;i3.33 had been so spent in Ontario, and $7,401,046 in Quebec, making- a total of #17,735,079.52 ; and it was proposed that the excess at Confederation should be divided in the same ratio as the whole amount spent for local improvements bore to the anrount spent in Ontario. This Avould have made the amount to l)e charged to Ontario $5,S4"),4]ii.01, and to ! Quebec $4,tJ'J4,137.!>0. Failing the acceptance i of this proposition an oiler was made to settle on the basis of population according to the last census (18G1), which would have given the amounts as $;),8(l7,7-')8.4:) to be chari>ed to Ontario, and 14,075,805.40 to Quebcj. Failing l)0lh of these a third proposition was made that the excess should be apportioned to the assets of (iuebec and Ontario, capitalized at six per •Tlir lion. L. E.X. Casiiult \vn.«iii)|ininti.'ilii Piii.'ne.ruilKOiiflliuSuiicriiir Ciiiiri, ijiicljt'e, (in L'Tth Slii.v, W7II, iiiid tlu' Mnii. (iciimo Irvini', Ci.C, l?iilifi!iir-(iom'riil (if tlio I'mvlnCL" ol tiui'liL'i', took liis iiliit'u 118 mie ut' tlie Odiinsel I'di' lliiit I'niviiico. L- cent.; which would have made Ontario liable for $5,304,1 84.42 and (Quebec for >;;),23."),3H;i.53. It was contended that it was fair that the $10,530,553.02 to be divich'd, should be borne by the respective Provinces in the proportion in which they reci'ived monies for local purposes, and of which the debt formed a part. With regard to the second proposition it was argued that this mo(h' of apportionment had been already adopted by the Parliament of Canada with respect to the Municipalities Fund, and the Common School grants. With reference to the third scheme of division proposed it was held that this mode could only be used by agreement, but that it was just in itself, as these assets arose from and formed part of the debt of the late Provinci> of Canada, and were not for general, but local pixrposes ; and it was added on the part of Ontario that no other mode of a])portionment than one of the three submitted could be suu'gested. In the matter of dividing the assets it was proposed that each asset should be left in the Province in whi(,'h it arose. This to be done upon a capitalization of income for four and-a-half years. The nominal par value of the assets, as stated in the schedules, .showed an excess for Ontario of ''■•2,826,571.40. The proposed capitalization gave Ontario $30,319.86 more than Quebec. Ontario claimed all the school lands, as having been entirely derived from that Province and also a portion of the Seignioral Tenure arrangement, amounting to $2,528.10, 3. — Council for Quebec, in setting forth tht'ir case, first remarked that from the terms of t he British North America Act, 1867, Th(M-„sc„s,..x....ntc.(i there was a qut\stion as to '^y *J'"''"^^i'' whether the Arbitrators had jurisdiction of over i a portion of the assets of the late Province of Canada. They then contended that it would \ I be manifestly unjust to make any division on the basis of i>opulation without taking into account the relative financial positions of the two Provinces at the time of their union in 1841 ; and also inquiring in whose interest, and in what proportion, the debt was incurred. They then proceeded to show that at the time 28 •f -I 'I I.. ,1 M 1 1'^ m rq ■> r I ' |i III :l;ii 1^? 212 TrTTFJVS IllSTOliY ()F THK DOMINION OF CANADA. I of Union the debt of Ui)))?)- Caiuula was I |r),li2r),77!>..'>4. wliiln that of Lower Caiiiulu (less ' a contini^ont lor Montreal Harbour, which was ; not likely to be ever called I'or) was only $(!0,)i!iti, aiiaiiisl whii h she had to her credit Si.'iOj'idii.n, so thai she artiially had a suri>lus of §1S!1,:;()(!.41, which amount, it was claimed, should be added lo the debt of I'pper Canada, ; makinii' it $t),ll r),(l;jO.OO. Takim;' the population ; of Upper Canada at that time as 465,377, and liOwer Canada as (id-S.^oS, ihe counsel claimed ; that Lower Canada was entitled to a debt ol' I |;8,71 6,082.20, at the time of union, to put heron '' an e(|Ual I'ootinii' with Upper Canada. Counsel : claimed that it wa.s impracticable to artilic>u of partnership estate — rules which are the same in the old I Uoman as in the modern English and French j law." On this basis, and assuming that the j Union had been ecjually beneluial, it was held j that each Province should lirst assume the debt it had incurred at the lime of union. Lower Canada had then no debt, and Ul)per Canada ' owed 16,11;"). 08"). 95, which, l)eing charged to Ontario, would leave $4,o0!),767. 02 to be divided, or !5;2,]54,8So,'J0, making a total of $8,269,96i».91 of the $10.44:'>,8r).{.87 excess of debt to be charavd to Ontario, and $2,T.') t,S83.9ti to (Quebec. l?y dividing the excess, after deducting Upper Canada's debt at Union fairly in lialf, it was claimed that Ontario would be s;244,4'.is..52 beller oil' than if the basis of popirlation in ISOl was taken, and $:!.")7,766.1'-"i better oil' than if Ihe population of 181)7 was taken. With regard to assids, the counsel for (Quebec claimed that those which appear in the slatomeul of liabilities shcmld be A'iewed in the same light as sums of money voted for special services, which, not having been employed, fall into ihe public chest, and should be adjusted as all other credits, properties, assets, debts and liabilities. With respect to Iiulian lands, it was held that, as Ontario had received the lands and tho arrears due for those sold, she should be subject to any claims that may exist on them, and should be charged with the principal of the aniuuties. 4. — Replies to the claims were put in by each Province. Counsel for ( )ntario contended that the Arbitrators had no power to examine into tln> positions oi the im.uh.^l.i un-hMi Provinces at the time of the Union ; but should the Arbitrators dcti>rmine that they had that power, Ontario would insist upon iioing into a considin-ation of the origin of the debts and charges, which counsel for (Quebec declared to be impracticable. It was claimed that the Common School and Municipality Fxmds for Upptu' Canada, as well as certain balances belonged to Ontario, and should not be divided as i)roi)osed by (Juebec. With respect to Indian lands Ontario denied aiy separate liabilities, on the grounds that the monies for their sale went into the general revenue ; and that for the annuities ('hargeable undt.'r the treaty of surrender made by the lion. W. B. Itobinson, an express ecjuivalent was made to Lower Canada by setting apart 200,t)00 acres of Crown Lands for the Indians, and by an annual charge upon the reA'enue. Counsel I'or Quebec in their reply contended that if the basis of local debts was adopted, then the local debt of Upper Canad.\ at the time of th(> Union, $5,925,779.50, with interest amounting to (iOVKRX.UHXT ol' LORD l,lS(i.\l!- AmMTh'ATlOX Iil-;TVVHHN ONTARIO ANH ^iCKlJlK'. :i;! $7,')7H,744.6r) oui^lit to })i' added to tho loral (li'bt ol' Ontario, as well as tho Upper Canada Improvement Fund, which had no equivalent in Lower (.'aiiada, and whieh, during the six years of its existence, amoixnted to $42r),.527.l!2. That the diil'erenee in the excess ol' the proceeds ol' the Municipal Loan Fund in Upper and Lower Canada, amounting to $-),15)2,7t)7.38, should also be included, w hich sums, together with the !$Si,833,7:53.:!:! stated by Ontario hersell" lo be her local debt, would amount to $26,- iir)(.>,.')r)2.o2. Assuming the ligures ol' ( )ntario to be correct, this would make the division oi' tho >J10,53!»,o.-)3.92 to be $8,150,.VJl.34 to Ontario, and $2,388,lt62..58 to Quebec. On the second proposition by Ontario that population should be taken as the basis ol' division, counsel lor Quebec contended that il would be most unjust to do so, without considering the resi)ective liiumcial position ol' the parlies; and I'urther contended that in the expenditures after the Union, or iiK.'ident tliereto, much larger sums were spent on Upper than Jjower Canada. In the 4th and oth Vic, chaps. 28, 34, 44, 40 and 50, the sum of $lJ,704,l.')7.18 was voted for Upper Canada and $71'), 91)8. 88 lor Lower Canada. But the population of Lower Canada at that time was one-half larger than that of Upper Canada, and, if population had been taken as a guide, tin? share of appropriation of Lower Canada would have been $9,55-'),18').58, from which should be deducted the amount actually appropriated, as given above, $715,- 9(J8.88, making a diil'erenee of i 8,839,210.70. Add to this the disjjroportion of the debt, $8,715, t'loO. 00, and th(( simple interest on Upper Canada's debt at the time of the Union, |7,578,- 744.05, it would make a total of $25,133,5111.95 in favor of Ontario. Counsel for Quebec held that this immense disproportion could not be ignored, whi<'h it practically would be if the second proposal of Ontario was accepted. The third proposition of Ontario was considered even more rinjust aiul misound than the two others, and ac(jordingly rejected. In reply to the pretension of Ontario with respect to the school lands, Quel)ec replied that it was utterly untena])le in the lace of cap. 20 ol the Consoli- dated Statutes, creating this trxist. The Budiict speech of the Treasuna- of Ontario, was also cited to prove that this fund is one in which the Provinces have proportionate interest. As to the claims arising out of the Seignorial tenure arrangement, (Quebec contended that ample compensation was at the time made to Upper Canada; and that if (Quebec were really more generally l)eneiited by that Legislation than Ontario, that beneiit is nothiui;- to set against the $7,578,744.05 paid by United C^inada, for the del)t with which Upper Canada came into the union in 1841 ; for the $3,192,7<)7 excess received by Upper Canada from the municipal-, ities firnd, another $425,572.02, which Upper Canada drew from the imi>rovement fund — these three sums amounting to $11,197,039.05.* 5. — On the 9th of July, 1870. an interlocutory judgment was rendered by a majoiity of the Arl)itrators, Hon. Messrs. Cfray i„,„,,„,„,„y and Macpherson. the Hon. Mr. S;ii;'.';,r,t;t," ''^' '' Day dissenting. The substance '^'^^''"^"''■ of the interlocutory judgment was (1) that tlie Union did not create in fact or in law any parl- nershij) between Upper and Lower Canada. (2) That it was beyond the power of the Arbi- trators to enter into any consideration of the debts and (•'■edits of the Urovinces at the time of the Union in 1841. (3) That the division of the surplus debt beyond the $02,500,00i), for which by the 112th Section of the British North America Act, 1807, Ontario and Quebec are made jointly liable, should be made on the l)asis of the origin of the different items of the del)t incurred by the creation of the assets named in the 4th Schedule to that Act, and shall be ai)porlioned between the two Pro- A'inces as the same may be judged lo have originated for the local lienefit of cither ; and where it appears that an asset was created for the l)enelit of both Provinces, then the debt incurred for that asset shall be equally divided between them. (4) That in ca.ses where the • In stiiMiiK the i'ii.«ei> nnd eoiintor cases of C(mn.''cl fur the two I'ln- vln.('.<, wi! hiivo (!ii|iio(Ivei'y hiri-'ely from the oxeflleril i'"iir|cnyiili"ii ol'ilie fnrtuins ivhieli upiieared in I he )'•«. Hmih for 1X71, |«iL'e 111. % mmi V\ i lUil i II m i Hi ii •'. m\ I i-Pl Hi' i i| !:ii !i HI 1:1 ■ hi n 1 : !- iliiiiliif 214 TCTTLKS HISTORY (»!•' 'I'lIK DOMINION OP CAXADA. (Ichl (loos not come within the purview ci' the \\h Srhcdull', ivi'di-nco siuill lie li;i(l to its origin. (")) That the assets cnuuu'ratL'd in the itli Sehcdulc to he the i^'operly ol' Ontario and (^>uel)er conjointly, sliali l)e |iinioii wliicli e.\isl bi'twucn niy colli'iicucs ami iiiy.-i'll'ini |pniiii> nCi -^I'litiiil iinimrtiiiige, tlial 1 lariiint hope to he of any I'lirlhiT M'l-vict' in llic liiisine.'if of ai-hilration. The (•inir.-e uiiieli tlifv propo.«(^ to follow appi ar.-^ tti inu m-cossurily to icail to threat itijii.'ticc. ainl is .. DAV. To till. linn. I'. .1. O, ClIUVKVf, I'rciviiieiHl Seoroliir.v. iVc.,, Ao., Ac Partnerships, in so far as such rule can l)o made tvt apply ; and tlie Arbitrators havinii' al.sn heard counsel for the Provinces of Ontario ami ii for more than a year jiast a resident in Ontario while the 142nd section of the Ih'itish Noriii America Act, under which he was appointed, provided that the .Arbitrator appointed uy the Dominion should not be a residt nt o! either Ontario or Quebi'c * Ajiplication was ac 'onl- ingly made to the (!overiior-(ieneral to appoint another Arbitrator: and a copy of the Order-iii- Councilof the (Quebec I'^xecutive Council servetl on the Hon. Mr. Grray, notifying him of his ■ disqualilicatitm, and of Hon. Judiie Day's resig- nation having been accepted. The Crovernor- tieneral, however, did not take the same view of the Hon. Mr. Gray's dis(iualihcatioii as the Quebec Uovernnient. and he was continued in his olFice. Notwithstanding' the resignation of the Hon. Judge Day, and the protest of the (iuehec Government against the Hon. Mr. Grray, ihe two I • The Ilio'. .Tohii lliiniilloii (iray wii.« iiiemlier of Parliament for the City ami County of St. .ioliii, N. 11., and was a resident of that City at tin' j time of his appointment: lint, haviii).' lieeii eiiKaKed liy the lloniinioii ' (loveriiment to prepare the law.s of the IMovinees for coililiiMlion, lie ^ ; removeil lo llllawn, where he resided for some time. 'I'lie |i inioii , I (ioveinmeiit apparently did not eonsider the i-hamri' of reriileiiei' I ili 'MKiililieil him, ii.s he was not removed froiii the CominLtsiun. ' (iOVKIJX.VKNT or LOni) LISCIAH— ARHITFfATlOX BETWEKX ONTAIIK) AND i,>r KISIX". 215 ivinaiuiiig Arbilnitors dfuiclcd that tlioy still ])()Ssos,si'(l tuitliority to proccfd in the inatt(M', and ilid >o pvocei'd, thus layiim' down tln" priiicipl'' iliMl, 'II cases of Avl)iti'alioii, I In- majority of the Avl>itrators liavi' a ritiht to Liodii and linisli their award, o> on il' the minority not only protests i,ut retires altoiicther. Tlie i)rint;iple was very iiuuh (juestioned at the time, and the Hon. Mr. Gray, who maintained it, was severely criticised ; hut, his conduct lieinu' subsequently sustained by llie hi;^heslli>ual authoritii's ii. England, may serve as a very uselul precedei t in the case of tlie fisheries award made at llalilax durinii' the .sunimcr ol' 1ST scene of their labors to Toronto, so as to be beyond the jurisc'iction of the (Quebec Courts, and there, on tlie -"ith of August, issued the following notice: "The undersigned Arbitrators have adjourned the proceedings cf the Ari)itration to AVednesday, th" ITth August, at 2 p. in., at Osgoode Hall, Toronto, and the (lovcrnments of the I'lovinces of (Quebec and Ontario are notilied that, iiot with- standing the writ of prohil)ition served upon the Arl)itrator.v, tne undersigned will proieed witii the con.sideration of the matters of the Arbitration on the day and the jdace above- named, peremptorily. Signed I). Macpher.son, J. H. dray." X. — Th(^ arbitrators did meet as announced. and completed their labor.> on the -Ird of Sep- tember, when they made their n,,. i,.,.,,,,. ,,, h,.- award, which was, in sul)stanci'. iiH^li.;';'!-';;'^,;!;;; as follows; They deridi'd that ""''"■ the Arbitrators were not called on io lix w liat the amount of the del)t in excess of !S(;i2..")00.nO(l was, but simply to say in what i>roportion such excess should be divided; this they did on the basis of taking the amounts spent for lorai pui'- poses in each I'rox iiee ami apiiortioning tin; debt in the same I'atio. 'fhis aniounl w.is found to l»e sls,.".S7,.')20..')T. of which i#'.»,S(is,T2-;.02 was chartieable ro I'pper Canada, and >;>->, TTS.7'.i2.").j to Lower Canada — or in other words, tliat Ontario should bear nine-si'vnteenths of the excess, and Quebec, ciLihi-seventcnlhs.')^ The award u'ave to Ontario the followiuL;' assets, l)i'l)i from ri)per Canada Huilding fund $-'.i;.800; Delii from the \a\\v Society, Upper Canada, $!•')(>, Olo.lil : Debt from the Consolidated Municiiial Loan l'"und. Upper Canada, 80.7!*2,l:;tl.:5it ; Debt from the Agricultiiral Society, Upper Canada, $4,000 ; Del)t from University Permanent Fund. si. 220.- l);], makinu' a total ol s(i,!ll(a,172.t;.! ; aiul to Quebec the foUowinu' assets, Di'bt from Aylm^r Court-house, $3,2:iii.7(i; l)<'bt from Montreal Court-house, $114,i31H).21 ; Debt from Kamour- aska Court-house, s201.27; Debt from McOill College, i|7,7!iO; Debt from Consolidated Municipal Loan Fund. Lower Canada, s2,!>:l!»,- 42!'. 98 ; Del)t Superior Education l-'und (Legisla- tive Grant) !s2S.41>4.7;> ; Debt (iuel)ec Fire Loan !;i;2i>4,2.')4.l).") ; Debt Temiscouata Advance Ac- count, is!;!,(»0(); Debt I'^dueation Oliiee, (l']ast), $2'.M) ; Debt from IJuildinu' and .hiry l-'und, $llt!,475.ol ; Debt from MuniOMI\l()N OF ('.\.\AI».\. Muh niiiiiiiiitt'c ,iii>iii'i .iLiaiiist thf DoraiiiioM, (^uclicc was to make tin' siiinc i>oo(l to tho Doiniiiioii. Till' award dividt'd the Special or Trust Funds, and tiic moneys thereby j>ayable, inchidinu' the se\eral payn>ents in respect to the same or any ol' them, as lollows:— To Ontario — Upper Canada (Irannuar School Fund: Upper Canada r>uildini>' Fund; I'pper Canada Munirii)alilies I'und : Widows" Pension and Uncommuled Stii)eud, I pper Canada, sub- ject to the payment of leual charges thereon; Upper Canada Grrammar School Income Fund ; Ui>por Canada Land Improvement F^und ; Balances ol" Special Appropriations in Upi)er Canada; Surveys ordered in Upper Canada Ind'ore the •"'iilth ol' June. lS(i7 ; and the amount by Ontario to Canada Land and Immigra- tion Company. To (Juel)ec — Lower Canada Superior Education l<"und ; Lower Canada Superannuated Teachers' Fund; Lower Canada Normal Scliool Jhulding Fund ; Widow.s' Stipends and Uncommuted Stipend, subject to all leLial idiarges thereon ; IJalances ol" Special Appropriations in Lower Canada; and the Surveys ordered in Low^er Canada bei'ore June 30th, 18(17. It was ordered that $]24,6Su.l8 should b(> taken from the Common Sciiool Fund as held on the OOth of Juu(>, 1M1. and transferred to the credit of the Upper Canada ImprovcnuMit Fund, being one-c^uartcr of the amount received by the ProMUce of Canada on account of Common School Laiuls sold between the 14th of June, 185:!, and the 0th of March, 18(11 ; that thi' remainder of the Common School F'und (amounting to ••Jl. 008,5811. 2:') .shall be held by the Dominion of Canada, and the revenue derived therefrom shall be appro- priated between the Provinces ot Ontario and Quebec as is directed by section 5, chapter 20 Consolidated Statutes of Canada, with regard to the 8200,000 mentioned in that section. Any monies ri'ceived by Ontario since Con- federation on account of Common School F^ind to be turned over to the Dominion and treated in same manner as above, Ontario being- entitled to retain six per cent, for sale and management of said lands; and on any lands .sold l)etween 14th of June, 18,'):!, and Olli of March, 180L and paid I'or after Confederation, Ontario to retain one-'. but a portion of it, as a mattei' of fact, being payable away for refunds, it was not included in the debt of the lat(> Province. The Arbitrators order that ca'latiiru. pniloft Quebec. It gave great satislac- awiin.-'t tiio award. tion in the former Province, but was propor- tionately displeasing to the latter; and the Executive Council, on the 12th of September. tliu award. (iOVKIJN.MI'.NT ol' Lol.'D [-iStiAi; A l!l?rn;.\TI( )N r.K'I'WKI'.N oNTAKlo AM> \'l i;i!i;c I'lT passed ail Order pr •stitm- aiiiiiiisl tlit^ "so- j lulled awiird," iiud dccliucd its iiiti'ution <>l' i ri'sistiiiii' its t'lirDiccnu'Ut l)y t'Vi'vy li'Uid nifans.* Tliis protest was I'orwiirded (o the Secreliiry of Stale lor tlie Pioviiiecs dii I Mh ol' Se])teml)er ; ;iiie<>isla- liire. ii joint Addi'ess to tlie (ro\('riior-(. L. .Miicplu r- In'<> of tin- Ailiiinitors ii|i|>HiiitiMl to ilut'iilu its tu (lit' divi:sii>n mill iiil.iitstuit'tit of tliu lU'lit.-', cri'tlil'-. liilliilitii'.-. Acv . tii' I'ltitLT iiliil Ij'iwt-'r Ciill.-nLi. Till' Hum mil ill; the 'rri'ii>rt. 'hil"<| ihi. mil Si'|p|fiiihi'i- iiisliinl Il'>7n), lii'ls li.rth, thiil ii nipy nl' >i iiicUMnlrcl jiiiIl'- iilflil nr iiwiinl mi linn. 1). I,. Miir|ihiMsiiii, lw(i III till' Arliilniliir.i niniijinliMl t" ili'iiilr ji." In llio ilivisiiin mill ,iil.iiistiin'ii( ul' the ilt'lit.^. crcilitf', lijiliilitie-. i.ii.iM-itii-.-i. mnl iissclj 111' t'lipiT eaniiilii iinil Lnwur I'liiiuJii, hciiriiiu ihilr nl Tiiriiiitn, the lliinl iliiy 111' So|ili'iiilicr iii,,iiil liiiii. .1. II. lii-iiy. nil ai'iHiiinl ami hueaiLJO nl' hi.- siiliiiB in the I'i'i.viiu'e III' Ontario, aRaiiii't the Inie spirit ami intent of the liriti.ili .\iirtli Aiiieriea Aet ol' IsiiT; nnil, iiiayiniieh as the liucbee (invernmeiit iliil nut mill lines not aeknnwIeiU'e the rixlit iit' Ihe saiil two Arliilrators, ji'intly to net, or ol' the saiil llmi. ,1. II. llray. imlu iiliially to ait in Ihe premises, anil that all ihe aet-s aii'l prneeeilin^'s of any kiml whatsnexer tiail iir ilniie U\ tlieiii, nr either iif ttieiii, are illei^al. null ami voiil, anil nf nil Inri-e or elVei-t \vlial-oe\i'r in I.iw nr e<|iiil.\-. i Ami, inasmiii'h as the s.iiil preiemleil jiiiUnient or awanl (even if ihe .saiil two .\i'lii!ralnis li.iil a riclil In aet willnait all Arbitniloi for the Pro- vinec of liiieliee, mill if the saiil lion. . I. II. (fray were mil ilisi|iialilieil hy ! Iinv from sitlinif iir aetiiiK as Arhitrator) is iii.iiiife.»tly unjust to the Pro- vince of (inehee, ami iiianilesily ami elearly icmli'reil ami niaile in the iiiter«si.s of Oritaiiii, t^iiehei' haviiiji Inn larKC ii iiortion of the surplus ilebt In pa.v, mill heiiii; .iwarilej less than her just ami eipial .share of the I assets menlioneil in saiil Uritish Xurlli Aiiieriea Aet iifl.siiT, it is lliereliire iinjl't, illet:al. nnil ami viiiil. Till' lliinnr.ilile 'fri'asurer, therefure. ri'eniiimenil.s that, on helialf of the liui'liee (Jn\ erninent, ;i ilespateh he fnrw.irileil to the Keileral Hovern- nieiit, priilesIiiiK a^'ainst any I'nree or vatiiliiy beini; t:ivcii In the saiil pre- lenih'il jmli-Miienl or awanl nf thu saiil two Arbilralors by the Keileriil aiillinrity, mnl ailvisiinr of the intention of the t^uehei- 1 io\ eminent tn iiplieal I'nr reilres.s ami jusliuc in every eiinstitiiliniial iiinde wliieh it is the prtvih'L'e of Uritish subjeets of the Ilritisli (.'rnwii to exercise when snlferiiii; iimlur in.iiistiee nr wrninr fnnii the liainis of any. The Unnnrahle Treasurer alsn ri'Oi'innieials that the reieipt nf the saiil preteiiiK'il .iniUiiient or award I'rniii Ihe said twn .Arhitratnri be aekntiw- k'llKeil. at the smiie time prnlestiin-' iiLrainst it as nut beitin reiidurud and iii'iile in »,' 1 lailh, or in arennlanee with l.-tw mnl eipiily, ana as beiiiir niiinifestly rendered mid iiiade in the interests nf Oiitaiin and the pre- jmlii'e nf (Juebee ; and Ihe s.iid Arbitr.itors, being duly mlilied by thu tiiiehi'e liiivcrnineiil of the nbjeetions lakeii iind held pieviniis to their so ' aetiiiK without Ihe .Vrbitralor I'rnni Uueliue, that their judiJinunt oraward is nail and void, mnl not reeiiisnisud as valid by the (lovurniiieiit of (Jiiebee. The Coinmittcu concur in thu foreKniiiu report and siibinit the same I'nr , the liienlennnt-tiovi'rnor's approval. Certiliud. (SiKiied), FKLIX R)iniF;it, Clerk E.xecutivu Couneil. the uni'airuess ol' the award, and pruyinn' lor justice in the premises. This Address was forwarded on Ihe 22ii(l of Deeeinher. and in it it was urijed that the aw ard was null ami void on the urotinds that it oimht to have heen unanimous to maUe it valid; that the Hon. .1. H. (Iray was disi|ualilied from artini'- on the Commission liy his resideiiie in Ottawa; that (^uehec had withdrawn Irom the arbitra- tion, and was not in anyway represented, either by counsel or otherwise, at the time of the " ju'etended" award ; and that the award was manifestly made in the interest of Ontario to tlu' prejixdice of (Juebec. The latter objection was thus stated: "That ihe inju.stice of the stiid protended award is evident, from the same havini>' been rendered wholly in the interest of the Province of Ontario, and from the fact that while Messrs. (tray and .Maipheisou refused to take into i oiisicb-ratioii the lelative liiiancitil l^ositions ol the two Provinces at liie time of the Union, they have taUen into consideration the object and nature of certain items of expendi- ture as haviiiii' beiMi incurred in one or the other section of tlie Province of Canada from the l)eriod of the Inion to Confederation ; that the said pretended award is further unjust, inasmuch as he division of the credits, i)roperties, and assi s of the late Province of Canada does not evi" ed i;pon the same basis and principles as vhich ajipear to have been adopted in relaiio. > Ihe division ol the balance of tiie debt, and do(»s not rest upon any principle what- soever, but is purely arbitrary, and favors the Province of Ontario at the expense of the Province of (Quebec ; that lastly the provisions of the said pn>tended anard fully justify the apprehensions of the distinyuished lawyer selected by this Province as its Arbitrator, and the lirm and independent lineof conduct which he adopted in the interests of justice. That the said prt^endecl award is al)solutely illeual, null, and void, for the reasons hereinbefore set forth, and also as having been rendered by two Arbitrators, who, by the resignation of their colleague, remained without any power or jurisdiction, and that therefore the intentions of m 'i ^^ I ^ II Ml: l|l.| (Tlil in J i M'illil! I f^l^ n ! ,MH TI"ITI,i;s IlISTol.'Y OF TIIK Do.MIN'lOX oP f'AN'ADA. SirJi.lm A. .Mll<'il,>ii:il.| |iii\V(M- til inluireii; in till' iiinllcr. the MritiNh Norlli Aiiii'iica Act Iimvi- iiol Ix'on I carried out. and im \iilii>eilii's, iind uss.'ls, wiiidi it was llie duty ol' I the said Ai-l)itnitor.s Id apportion luul divide I between tile I wo Provinees." 1<>. — The <|Uesli()nso[' the award, protests, iVe., were rel'crred lo the Minister ol' .lustiee, who, on I he 'JTth l^'ehnary, 1ST I, sul)inittod a iMenioraninitt(' other l>y the Government of Ontario, — in the al»sence ol' the Arbitrator , Hppointed by the (rovernmont of (Quebec, their j award is not bindin could not agree with Mr. Fournier's amendment becau.se he believed the House had no power to deal with the matter. The House was not competent to say whether the award was good or not ; but he believed that the Government was bound to abide by the award itntil it was shown to be bad, and, therefore, it was important that the House should know the financial position of each Province as shown by last payments by the Dduiinion ; and he tould not agree to have the last part of his motion struck out. After a short discussion in which it was urged that it was premature to discuss the competence or in- competence of the House to deal with the question until after the papers were brought down, the debate was adjourned; and, on being resumed, on 28th, the amendments were withdrawn. 12.— On the 1st of March Sir George E. Cartier laid the papers on the table. (All the information contained in the papers has been given in pre- ceding paragraphs). On the acciurodouVorordcr. Q^^i of March Hon. Mr. Dorion gave notice that on the following Wednesday, he should move that the House go into Com- mittee of the Whole to consider certain resolu- 29 ResciliUiona th.it the l>i>ininiun iiHsiimo 111' Wlldlo (lolit iiilruiluced by Hon. .Mr. Iioriun, and tions respecting the division of the surplus debt of the former Province of Canada.* 'e aruued in favor of his resf)luti()ns that there was so areat a dilference between the views of the two Provinces as to what amount of the debt eac'n should assume, that he considered it would be the fairest way ibr the Dominion ti> assume the whole debt — he could not see why it should not assume all as well as part — and then they would be taxed in fair proiiortion according to their resi^ective populations. The compensation to l)e allowed New Ihunswick and .Nova Scotia could easily l)e arraiiued, and at the same time the outstaiuling diilerences betweun the Dominion and New Brunswick with reference to the penitentiary at St. John, and with Nova Scotia on account of the Provincial building at Halifax could be satisfactorily .settled. He thought that, before the Arl)itrators .said in what proportion the debt was to be paid, they oua'ht to have settled what the amount of the surplus debt was, for that was a very open question ; the Auditor of the Dominion said it was !^10,800,000, the Treasurer of Ontario $10,;)3!l,000, and the Tn'asurer of Quebec $10,000,000. He argued that the award was in every way unfair and unj.ist, inasmuch as it made the jjoorer and least populous Province pay in tht> largest proi)ortion. Sir George E. Cartier raised the point of order that the resolutions involved an appropriation of the revenue, w^hich, under the 54lh section of the British North America Act, could * The resolutions were'ns follow.? :— 1. " Itimlveil—Thnt the division between the I'rovinoo of Ontario and the Province of Quebec of the surplus of the debt of the former Province of Canada, over and above the sum ol >;i')2„t(H|,I»i(i, nssiKncd to the iJominion of Canachi by the British North America Act, presents great difficulties, which it has not hitherto been possible to overcome in a satisfactory manner. 2. " Jiennhi il—Thiit the dilliculties resulting as well from the uncer- tainty as to the amount of the debt to bo divided as from the ab.^ence of an acceptable base for th.i making of such division, and that of the assets remuning in common to these two Provinces, threaten to give rise to serious embarrassment. 3. '• /i'<«',/ivi/— That, for the avoidance of such difficulties, the debt of the former Province of Canada should bo assigned entirely to the DomiMiim as though it had been eo from the first, with compensation to the Province'^ of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for the share which those Provinces would have to pay upon the surplus of that debt. 4. " W'^n/ivi/— That an humble address ho presented to Her Majesty, praying her to be pleased to recommend that the British .N'orth America Act should be amended in accordance with this resolution.'' I M Ijl i \ iV'\^ I'il^ LTiO TUTTM-y,S IIISTOIJV OK THIS DOMINION OK CANADA. only l)t' (lono l)y mcssago iVoin the Governor Gi'iiorul. All or a I'cw remarks I'rom Hon. Messrs. Ilolton, Dorion unci Carlicr, Mr. Speaker rnled Ihiit ihe resolufions were out of order, not hecause Ihcy conllictedwith the ;')4th section (>r tlie IJritisli North America Ait, l)ut because they invf>lved an increase of the public debt, and should have oriiiin.ilcd in (.'oniniittee ol'the Whole. 1.3. — On the nintii of March, Hon. Mr. Dorion ni()\ ed •' That an humble address be presented to Her Majesty, representing- that linn. .Mr. lli.riiin •» i i i i- i' l r(■l;(■^v^ iiiMii.iiidii au ('(juitaolc aud satislactory division of Ihe for ;ilt il'ltlrc'S surplus del)t of the late Proviufc of Canada between the Provinces of Onlario and Quebec is not likely to })e eU'ected in Ihe manner provided by the ]}iitish Norlh America Acl, LS07, and that tne diilicullics wliich beset the queslion have been li'nnitly aiiU'ravated by the award reiulered by the Arbitrators appointed by the Dominion (Jovernment and by the Government of Ontario, in the absence of any Arbitrator for the Province of (Juebec, which is reifardcd by the Govern- ment and the people of (Juebec asilleii'al and unjust, and prayini^' that Her Majesty be pleased to recommend the passing- of an Act by the Imix'rial I'ai'liamcnt so amending the 15rilish Norlh Anievica Act as to aulhorize the ravliamcnl of Canada to deal by Legislative eiiac"mcnt with all questions connecteiettled, aiul that that would be Ihe l>c>-l thinu' that could hai)peu for Quebec. He did not think so. He considered that it would be a very bad thing to have I his question rankling between the two Provinces for such a length of time ; he believed it would be far better for the Dominion Government to ol)tain ])ermission lo setlle il now on the basis proposed in his rcsolulion which would put Ihe two Provinces on the same footing they oe- occnpied before Confederation. 14. — Sir George E. CiU'lier characterized the resolutions of the honorable member for Hochelaa'a as a inece of clap- ^. ,. ,, ,, . trap proposed for electioneering ,Vm?'M.rnuMt'i.,(ii,. pirrposes, and not from any '"""""• desire to jn'otect the interesis of Quebec. He (Sir George) declared he was not willing lo I submit to the mercy of a majority ol' a House of 181 meml)evs, where Quebec was only rcpre- ; .sented by (!o, Ihe legal position of Ihat I'rovinciv I He held that the Government had decided ikiI I to express any opinicm on the award until a competent jixdicial tiibunal should have decided I on it. Supposing Ihe Privy Council set aside j the award of the Arl)ilrators, there would ha\ e to be a new arbitration, and Quebec may have nothing to complain of. Or suppo.se that the Privy Council upheld the award, he was of opinion that I 111' jieople of Quebec, both English and French, would think Ihat a great wronu' had been done Ihem, and then it would be competent for them to appeal to the House, and the House t(mld express its opinion, but he held thai it would be improper to do so whih' the case was pi^nding. He concluded by moving in amend- ment that all w^ords after " That " in Ihe original moliimbe struck out and Ihe following inserted: "The validity of the award reiulered by the Arl)itralors ai)pointed by Ihe Dominion Government and by the Government of Ontario in the ab.sence of any Arbitrator for tiie I'rDviiice of Quebec being contested by the Province of Quebec; and the Government of Canada having come to Ihe conclusion not to acton such award unii' its validity shall have been determined by a competent judicial tribunal, Ihis House refrains from expressinii' an opinion on the award ,so rendered.' Hon. Mr. Cliauveau moved, in amendment lo the amendment, "That it is highly desiral)le that the dilliculty now existing between the Provinces of (^ueljcc and Ontario concerning the division and adjustment of the debts, liabilities, credits, properties aud assets of lTpi)er and Lower Canada provided for by the British North America Act be speedily set at rest, and that this House will give its most faA'orablo consideration lo any measure to lie introduced by the Government having this (lOVEnXMKNT OF LOPvD LTS(iAR— AEBITRATTON BKTWKKX ONTATJIO AND (^UF-BKC. 251 ohject in vit'W, and involving ivny aid on tlio part ol' the Dominion conimcnsurato with tho importanci' of tho object itscll' and with our vi'sourco.s, duo regard bciny had tor tiic rights of the other Provinces." He thought that it was highly desirable that the Proviit ■ should be relieved from the dead-lock into wliich they had got on the subject of the award ; and, out of which, he saw no way so easy as for the Dominion to assume the whole debt aKeu already rejected. Mr. Speaker decided that the motion involved a money expenditure, and was therefore out of order. 15. — Hon. Mr. Holton said that the amend- ment to the amendment having been ruled out of order, he would move one in its place, which would not be open to the sumo objection. He then moved, in amendment to the amendment proposed by Sir George E. CiO'tier, that all words after " that" bi> expunged and the following words inserted iii lieu thereof: "This House regrets that His Excel- lency the Governor-Cieneral has not bi'en advised to recommend to this House to adopt an address to Her Majesty the Queen, repre- ll"M. ,Mr. null. Ill llimrs Mil :illli;liillllLMit CIlUivillDllt )i> )l lllilliiill (if Wllllt lit' CulllillupcG. seiiting that the division between the Province of Ontario and the Provinet* of Quebec of the suplus of the debt of the former Province of Canada, over and above the sum of §ti2,.')00,(t00 as,signed to the Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act, presents great diflicultie.s, which it has not hitherto been possible to overcome in a satisfactory manner; that the ditficulties resulting as wtdl from the uncertainty as to the amount of the debt to be divided as from the absence of an acceptable base for the making of such division, and that of the assets remaining in r Province of Canada should be assiuiied entirely to the Dominion as thcmgh it had been so from the lirst, with lompensation to the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for the share which those Provinces would havi' to pay upon the sitrplus of that del)t, and jiraying Her Majesty to be pleased to recommend to the Imperial Parliament the passage of an Act to amend the British North .America Act in accord- ance with such representation." Mr. Delorme seconded the amendment to the amendment. He thought that the question before the House was not so much whether the award was legal or not as to lind some means of settling the matter. He did not believe that the Privy Council could setth' the question to the satisfac- tion of both parties, and that ultimately the House would have to ask for power to settle it. Hon. .1 H. Cameron said that so far the (juestion had been discussed as if there were no other inierests involved except those of Quebec, but he thought Ontario was e(]ually interested. He defined Hon. Mr. Holton's motion as a "Hank movement '" designed to entrap ( )ntario nieml)ers into a vote of want of conlidence, and said it wovdd not sixcceed. He said that tlie people of Ontario believed the award legal, and would continue to think so \intil some competent authority declared otherwise. He thought that they were perfectly salislied with the action of the Uovernment. He blamed the Quebec Arbi- ' » : i ;i l:!„ :!■:!■: m\^ : ,.„M.,,,'eople of Quebec. He opposed an appeal to the Privy Council, as only intended to cause delay, to be used to the advantage of the gentlemen on the Treasury Benches; and hoped that Parliament would adopt some speedy measure of restoring harmony l)etween the two Provinces. Mr. Scatiherd said it was very curious that neither of the three members of tlie Dominion Cabinet, who were from Ontario, nor the three members of the Ontario Cabinet, who were also members of the House, had made any remarks on a subject whirh was of so much importance to Ontario.* He had heard nothing to make him change his opinion that the award was just and fair ; and thought the present trouble was caused by the action of the Dominion Government ; either they ought to have stopped the arbitration when Judge Day resigned, or have accepted the award as valid when it was made. Htf did not think there was any danger of Quebec seceding on account of the award ; but .should show his disapproval of the conduct of the Dominion Government. Hon. Mr. Howe contended that once a case was belbre a legal tribunal it had passed beyond the control of the House ; and, therefore, the matter ol the award should be left to tlie Privy Council. He thought a decision might be obtained before the next session of Parliament. Mr. Magill argued that the British North America Act had provided that the surplus debt of tin- Province of Canada was to bo divided between Ontario and Quebec, and ''riM'llin'cl)iiinini(in.Mirii.'ili'r!I, linn. E. 1!. \V(Mi(l, mill llnii. .Inlin Ciirlinit. Tlio lliico liilliT. InnveviT, iviMu Milt ill tlic UouBu boiiiK iiwiiy oU'utliiiniuriMK I'm- thu Ontiiriii Uiciil t'lui-tiuDS. that it was not comptUent for the Dominion to assume it. He held that if there was any unfairness in the award it was towards Ontario, and thought that the Dominion Crovernment ought to act on the award, leaving it to Quebec to appeal to the Privy Council if she felt aggrieved. Mr. Langlois thought that the proposition to transfer the settlement of the matter from the Privy Council to the Dominion Parliament was a most dangerous one for the interests of Quebec, as, judging from the present debate, it was evident that the members from t)ntario would take one side, and those from Quebec the other, a)id it would be left to the members from the Maritime Provinces to decide, and they would, most probably, be divided. He held that the award was invalid on legal grounds, and the decision shtnild be left to the highest legal tribunal. Hon. Mr. Anglin was opposed to any action bt'ing taken by Parliament irntil the award had l)een passed on by the Privy Council ; and if it was upheld, and this House was asked to assume the debt, he held that all the Provinces interested in the financial basis of the Union should lirst be consulted. He should vote against all the motions. Sir George E. Cartier thought it strang(> that no one had apologised for the absence of the member for Chateauguay, who had proposed a vote of want of conlidence in the Government, and then not appeared to support it. He proceeded to attack the motion, saying it was even more injurious to the interests of Quebec than the motion of the meml)er for llochelaga. Mr. Barthe contended that the question was not one of money l)ut of politics, and, therefore, should be dealt with by the House. Quel)ec wa-. the pivot of Confederation, and an injustice to her was an injustice to the whole Dominion. He did not Ix'lieve there was a majority of the House in favor of Ontario, but thouglit tliat if the wrongs of Quebec were fairly shown there was enough jiistice in the House to see them righted in spite of sectional ditl'erences. He had sirpported the (Jovernment for liiteen years but should oppose their policy on tiiis question. After a few remarks from Hon. Mr. Dorion, Bf'S I: ■ ■ ;l , :54 TUTTl.K'S HISTORY OF THE I)OMINIO:Jf OF CANADA. 1 ;l ' l| im ' and Hon. W. Macdougall, tho House divided on Hon. Mr. Holton'.s amcndmont, which was lost, Yeas, 10 ; Nays, !t5. 17. — Mr. Mills then moved in amendment that all the words after '• that '" in thcoriyinahnotion ..M,or,„„cn.i,n.M,i.. ^^^ '''t™^'^' o^^*, and the following lln'nt In'.',li,'M.:i'"y „ Substituted, " The division of the vote t„as „,.„,. ^^^^^^^g ^^j. ^^^^^ ^j. ^j^^^ former Province of Ca.nada over and above the sum of $t;2,.")00,000 assio-ned to the Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act, having' been referred to Arbitrators apjiointcd under the authority of the said Act, and a majority of the Arbitrators so ap]iointed having made an award, this House is of opinion that the Government in an ajustment of aicounts between (>ach Pro- vince and the Dominion should act upon the basis of the award.' Lost on division, Yeas, 25 ; Nays, S4. Mr. .Toly moved in amendment to add th(> lollowing words after the word "rendered " in Sir G-eorgo E. Cartier's amendement, " but this House regrets that the Government of Canada did not take any action, in order to suspend the proceediims of the two remaining Arbitrators, before their award was render(>d when requested so to do by the Government of the Province of Quebec' Lost. Yeas, 15 ; Nays, D.'). The division was the same as on Hon. Mr. llolton's motion, except that Mr. Cimon did not vote. Hon. Mr. Dorion said he should vote against the amendment of the Minister of Militia as it committed the Qu(>bec members to the ])osition of the decision of a tribunal of which the House knew nothing, and which was not even mentioned in the motion. The House then divided on the amendment of Sir George \'l. Cartier, which was carried. Yeas, (!8 ; Nays, 40. The main motion, as so amended was then been a full House the Government would, probably, have had a smaller majority. The House having thus recorded its opinion that it had nothing to do with the award it was left to the Courts to settle, and a record of its settlement — as far ;is it is .settled at the time of writing — will l)i' found in a iuture chapter. CHAPTER XXIL (lOVHllN.Ml-INT (W LOU!) MSCAR-PllLNCll'AJ- EVENTS OF 1S71. 1. The two great events of the vkar.— 2. First meeting ok the Dominion Boaijii OF Trade. Enlargement ok the canai-s T'ROEi). — ;]. Dominion Board of Tradk. ! Proth:('tion vs. Free Trade. The meetimi favors Free Trade. — 4. Dominion Bemed likely to get. Another point was that, on close examin- ation, the terms did not look so bad as they did on a lirst view, and after the British (Jovern- ment agreed to guarantee a portion of the loan necessary to the Pacific Railway, the opposition to the Treaty lost much of its I'orce, and tbe people generally l)egan to recover I'roin the feeling of half suri)rise, half indignation, which had greeted the first announcement of the Treaty, and to begin to believe that linuland did not really mean to quite abandon her colonies to their own resources, nor to sacrilice Canadian interests to preserve her own peace, without making her some sort of compensation ; and, therefore, although there was a good deal of excitement immediately after the conclusion 1 of the Treaty, it soon died out, and things ! returned to their normal condition. 2. — One of the most important events of the I year, outside of the two great events already mentioned, was the lirst meeting p.^^, „„„M„.,.fti,.. of the Dominion Board of Trade, Vn"li''''K',,i*;rL';'.l,;;.'n. which was opened at Ottawa on "I'li.^u.is ,,^.1. the 18th of January, and at which delegates [ from almost all the Local Boards of Tradi' were i present.* Th(> Hon. John Young was electt'd I President and Mr. W. J. Patterson Secretary. I The President in his address urged the import- j ance of building the Pacilic liailway. and the necessity of utilizing the water communication ; with the North-West. He next spoke of tlu! \ enlargement of the existing canals, w^liich he ara'ued were altogether too small for the class • 'I'lie fiilliiwini! iiri' iIm- iiMmcs nl' tlu' ilrlcpitos tn wIimI may liu i-iilli'il (lu> fii-sl ••Ciinimcri'i:il CiMii.'iT,-.-<" nfllii' llnnririinii : — : .MdmiiHM. CiiKX Kmiiwuk.— M. I'. Ivvmii, .M.I'., .Imiih- .McDiHitfall, j (lilliert Soill.li. I-;. .Moiiii.W. W. Uttilvi.', In (iuul.l, W. .1. I',ili,.i>,m, S»'i'iH*tary. iMiixTUKvi. lii).viii> m- TiniiK.-lloii. .).)lm V'liiiiu', IIiii:li .Mil.i'iLiiati, Jiiliii Kerry, .An.lri'iv Unbcrlsun, ,1; K. 'riiiliriuliMU. 'roiiciSTd l!iiiiM> 111' Tii.vni:.— Williiim i:ili i, .l"liii (icirilnii, W. II. Il.nvland, lii.lierl Wilkes. Ott.vwa liciAKii 111- TiiAiii:.— Hell. .laiiie.s Skeinl, .Me.v. Werkiiiaii. \V. I'diiiiuck. K. .Medillivray. St. .Iiiiis {\.li.) liiiAiii) 111' Tkaiik.— TLmiias W. Daniel. William Tlinmiiseii, .laiiH's Omnville. liiKiiKc: ItiiAiii) UK 'riiADK.— Henry Fry, A. .r...s BciAlii) 111' Tkmik.— .M. I,ei:Kall, .lame.< Wal.-eii, .1. .1. ■MeKuiizic. liONiiii.N Hoakii 111' 'I'liAhK. — Iiiliii Walkir, Charles I'. Smilli. WiN'iisiiii (O.NT.) Hiiahii im' 'I'iiahi-;.— .lames Dniiuall. IIkm.kvii.i.k ItiiAHii Of TiiiDK.— lie irite Neilson. SriiATiiiiiir BeAiin 111' TiunK.— 'I'hipiiias iM. Daly, IIUAXTFOKII llllAllll (IK TllAllK.— .1. ClieksllUtt. iii \ii IS I > Ml 'ry tiiil ,1 h! ii''l III i I ' Mi . ; , .Tti; Tl'TTLK'S lIISTOIiY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. of vessels which were being built; it being well known thai largo vessels could carry i'reight cheaper than small ones, it was of the utmost imiiortance that improvements should be made so as to aecommodate the larger vessels which were daily coming into more general use. He compared the American and Cana- dian canals, and showed that in order to compete successfully with the former the latter must 1)0 greatly improved. He also strongly advocated the building of the C'aiighnawaga Canal from Lake St. Louis to Lake Champlain, which would furnish a much shorter and more direct route to the New England States than by way of the Kichelieu River. Mr. McLennan moved a resolution urging the Dominion Gov- ernment to enlarge the ''.Velland and St. Lawrence caiuils to a depth of 12J feet, and to remove any obstructions in the river. He stated that two-thirds of the vessels engaged in trade on the lakes could not get through the 'Welland Canal. He was strongly in favor of improving the canals which would increase our own trade, but did not favor spending Canadian money to build the Caughnawaga Canal, which, he argued, would divert trade to New York. After a short discussion the reso- lution was adopted by a vote of 28 to 5. Mr. Domville introduced a resolution to urge on the Dominion Government the importance of build- ing the Bale Verte Canal, which woidd greatly tend to increase the trade between Canada and the West Didies. In the course of a short di.s- cussiou Mr. Thomp.son stated that the canal \V(jiild be about eleven and a-half miles long, and its estimated cost would be about $2,.J00,0O0. The resolution was then adopted. Some discussion took place on the sul)ject of other canal improvements, and a resohition was unanimously adopted urging on the Govern- ment the necessity of building a canal in Canadian territory at Sault Ste. Marie without delay. On the subject of the Upper Ottawa canals it was resolved that it was jiot necessary to proceed with them immediately; ))ut an enlargement of the Grenville Canal was approved of. 3. — Of cour.se, in a meeting of th's kind, although there was no political feeling di.v played, it was only to be expected triat the question oi T.r.'- i'n.i,,ii..ii rotection and i^ree Irade imMiini! liivur- iv™ WMjuld arise ; for, although eight years ago there were very few Protectionists, comparatively speaking, in Canada, and tlic question had not yet been made, as it is now, a distinct party issue, still there were some who regretted that the tariff had been reduced from twenty to lifteen per cent, at Confederation, :.!ul desired to see, if not a very high, at least n moderate protective policy adopted. The ques- tion was introduced by Mr William l']lliott,of Toronto who moved " That in the opinion of this Board, it is desirable to increase the duties from fifteen to twenty per cent., the free list to remain as at present ; and, should the revenue admit it, the duties should l)e reduced on teas. cofiee, sugar and spices." This was met by lui amendment by Mr. A. Rol)ertson, of Montreal, seconded by Mr. James Domville, of St. John. N.B. " That itie the opinion of this Board that the necessary revi nues required by the Govern- ment are so great a< to afford all the incident;)) protection required, and that instead of adding to the present tariff the duties should be gra- dually reduced as fast as the exigencies of the country will permit." A long discussion ensued on the relative merits of a Protective or a Free Trade policy, as viewed from a commercial standpoint ; in the course of which it was stated that under the existing tariff large quan- tities of iron were sent from Nova Scotia to England, and that great numbers of Canadian sewing machines were exported to Europe. The sense of the meeting was decidedly in favor of having no higher duties than the exigencies of the revenue absolutely required and the amendment was adopted by a vote of 20 to 8. 4. — The Board remained in session three days, discussing various subjects of importance and adopting several resolutions urg- n,„„i„i„„ D.,ani .,r ing on the Dominion GoA'ernment ifil'^^',?;,i,)„f,',aho the propriety of certain legisla- ""v^"'""^^'"- f tl.-s kind, lei'liiig di.'5- ii I'*or w l:-d ct> w y % X,, V ./^ X M X \ ,-^ y / n i :\ k / V \ ^ ■^ ^„ ^ \ ...L 111 I i i II i: r I' 1 : H ■th m i In ; i'.i I i W] ■<'tt.M." \N \l'.\. i;H"'Ul!u !!'■ li '^, :•;''.■. lull. ir, 1 1 V. ■■:'.', !■■ rn),U'eal of the duties on flour, urain, coal and coke; and resolutions passed suiigest- ing the adoption of an uniform system of weights and measures; an assimilation of the i currency, and a chanuc in the i)atent law, .so as to abolish the re(|uircnient of one years resi- de)ice before obtaining a patent, us tar as British subjects were concerned. It was decided to , ask the Governnu'ut to pu])lish monthly state- ments of the i'il iliiriiiK llic St'ssinn nf IST.i, prn- vicliiii; Inr tlic iiis|iL'i'ticin of Kluiir iiml ^IimI. Wiii'iil mihI nihiT irrain.Dci'f iiii.l l'..rk. I'ut iiml IVarl iislics. I'i.klc.l .'is|[ ami l'"isli oil. liiitror. Loatlier mA l;aw Miili's, ami IVtinkMiiii, tlif |>i'ini'i|ial toalnrc's dC wlikh will lio liiiinci in our ['arliaineiitiiry Siuiimury lur that j ear. should 1)0 held at Ottawa, the Board adjourned. The mciiting throughout was a purely business one. and the practical tone of the suuuesiioiis made coming from representa*i\e business men on commercial qixestions had considerable weiiiht, and we find the Government adopting many of the suu'gestions — noticeably the repeal of the duties on wheat, grain, coal and coke, which although not done directly at the instant e of liie Board, was, doubtless, considerably inllueiieed l)y the petition from that l)ody, i>resented at the opening of Parlianu'ul. 5. — Althouuh there were .several lariiv jiri-s in the leading cities during the year, aiul extensive bush fires in various parts of O, . 1 XT 1) 1 Kircy. liriiiir.iril ntario and New IJrunswick, Mirri..si .iiiirciv during the summer and fall, there was nothing like the terrible scourge which swept through the Ottawa and Sai;uenay districts in 1870 ; towards the end of May pretty extensive fires raged for awhile in the woods on both sides of the Ottawa from Pembroke to L"Oriiiinal, and lienfrew^ Arnprior, Eardley, Eganville and other towns and villages were in considerable danger for a time; but thi- llames wore kept back, and althouiih a few barns, femes. &c., were destroyed and large quantities of timber burned, the damage was not very heavy ; and a good fall of rain soon removed all danger. In August there was a long dry spell, and bush fires burned for some time in the Counties of Simcoe and North Perth, and around Kingston ; and Monckton, Goderich, Mitchell, Walkerton and Stratford were threathened ; but aiiain a kindly rain brought relief, and although about 5,000 acres of line timber w^ere destroyed in North Perth alone, the other damage done was not very considerable. The most distressing lire of the year occurred in the village of Brad- ford, on the Northern liailway, on the morning of the :22nd of May, and in a few hours almost fhe entire village was laid in ashes, and over one hundred families burnt out. Out of a popu- lation of l,t>00 it was estimated that nearly 1,000 were rendered homeless, and the damage done l)y the fire amounted to over $500,000. The people of Toronto and neighboring towns and villages i! •' 30 ' 'M II: 'Hi; ' • i< f^' ■ J ih I' 'Ui pllil I 1^ ! I t::.;::;!i :':.tiy|F!''H, M' l4 i "3 ii .-.s Ti'iTrj'/s iiisT()i;v (ii- TiiK Dominion of canada. ciiiiii' Itiiwrnd pioiuptly iiiid uviii'iinisly to tin- ivlicri'l'tlu'sulI'iTi'is, iissisliiin' tlii'iu w itli picsciit lu'citsssarii's ;iii., Iliimiltnn, St. .Tolm. N. H. and London had cacli ono fxti'n>i\<' liii- doinu; diiniiiu'i' lo tlio value ol' Ivoin *HI,0flO to t2')0.()00, but Quolx'c, Mont real and Toronto wcvc movo luiky aiul Inid no very lara'c liivs. ti. — Tlu> I'arly days ol' October witnossed the UToate.st lonllaii'valion known to mo(U>rn times. On llie Otii, — oomniencinq- at Thi" liiirniiii.' nf . . i i ^i i i'i,i,;mn~ii,ii, ri„i,i nine o clock >unday oveninu' Ciuiiiilii -'iilicr till'-. , , , , ,,. the Sill, — occurred the appalliim' di.sa.'^ter to('hicai>'o. wjiich swept away a greater portion ol' tlie city, destroyed %;:i(iO,00(l,0(»o worth ol' property, and lel't 1.')n,000 people hoineles.s or destitute. Some ol' tho characteris- tirsoriliisinit;]ity disaster W(M'o truly wonderful. Il was the writer's misl'ortune to have been in Chicaso at the time ol' the lire, and to have suH'ered. in a considerable (b\q'vee, some ol' the hardships endured by the i)eople of that city on the occasion. 0)i the 10th of October, the writer jiartook of a bowl of souj), with eacer relish, in St. Ann's church, AV'est Divisicm, with the hun^,'er-l'amishinled wiih the moans of dyinn' 'aml)ler. the Aveei)in<:" motiier, and the lauyhing- harlot, the banker and the beij!,^ar, — all on a perfect level so far as earthly riches are con- cerned, ate from the same board in a common sympathy^ Thi' scene can never be J'orii'otten by those who witnessed it. Nor were such incidents as these confined to St. Ann's church. The suddenness and ness of the mis- fortune which had overtaken tho nourishing city, caused a throb of pity and sympathy throughout Canada, and immediatidy after the sad intelligence was received, thousands of busy hands were engau'ed in pri^paring food and clothinu' for th(> hungry and naked; relief com- mittees were formed in almost every city, town and \ illai;-e,and coni ributions in money and kiiul poured in from every side. On the evening I'ol- lowinii' the lire relief trains started with looked and uncooke from .Montreal to t'liiciiuo was made in forty-eiii'ht hours, and a sti'ady stream of money and provisions was kept iiip until the Chicago Relief Committee cried •■ I'lnouuh." The City CouiU'il of Monlrc;i| voted iS")0,()00 for the suH'erers, and as niinh more in money aiul uoods, was raised by private sub.scription ; Toronto City Council H'ave $10,(>0(). and private contributions trii>le(l that sum ; Hamilton. London, Ottawa, Quebec, St. John, Halilnx ; all contril)Ute!; 1, 000, 000. N'(>vcr was a call for hel)* aii'ainst an overwhelmin'^ calamity, more nobly, speedily and Irecly res- ponded to, and the cities of the Domiidon vied with those of the States in friendly rivalry le render a.ssistance. Almost at the .same time that Chicago was destroyed, three iires oci urred in Canada which, although insignificant in comparison, caused much loss and distress. On the Sth, thirteen houses were liurned in Sand- wich, Out., causing a loss of sr)0,000 ; and on the following day the most destructive fire evei' known in the village, swept over Georgetown, doinu- damagi' to the extent of §40.000. Whilst the excitement cau.sed by the burning of Chicago was still at its heighth, on the 11th, came the intelligence that the thrivinu' town of "Windsor. Out., was almost laid in ashes, and that damaiio to the extent of !s200,000 had been done. The fire raged with intense fiiry for a while, and it was feared that the whole town would be destroyed; b\it thanks mo.stly to the gallant firemen who came over from Detroit, the greater portion of it was saved from the llames. 7.- w as a 1 1 11, • c. Mi!*n Hi ■ii'i i.'iiii 1 it* rt ■ lit. pvopoitidii of the (H'oplo who, iii.,i|.i»'ihiMi>'ni Ml (■liilcil at thi* liui' oi pi'ns|)i>i'ity wliicli had IIuWimI over ( aiiada (luiinu'lht' Iniir years ol' < 'ciileilcralioii, lorii'ot till' slrii!::ules ol' |lii> yi'ais iiiiuu'iliali'ly pt'eeed- iiiH' tliat period, and would not at lir>l Iji'lieve iliat ihe census was auythinu like accurate, and iliat ihe ratio ol' increase in icn years had only b.'cii liiiin per cent iu OiUario and 72 per cent. ill t^Miehee. ISoth ihe system ol'takiny the census iiid the uiaiiiier ol' carryinij that system out were most viiioniusly attaeki'd l»y the Opposi- tion press, ami some papers went so I'ar as to . hariie that the lii>ures had been wili'uUy lalsi- lied lor political purposes, and that the popula- tion ol' Ontario had heen purjjosily made to appear less than it really was so as to deprive her ol that increased representation iu the House ol' Comuuiiis to which she should have heen entitled under the redisirihution of repre- sentation as provided I'or iu the iJrilish North \iiieiica Act. Aithouiih there appears to have lieeii some carelessness in taking the census, and the process was somewhat slower than there was any occasion i'or, still it does not seem that there is any evidence to show that liiere was any attemi»t to willully lalsily Ihe returns, nor that the returns were materially incorrect, I'or the municipal census taken iu Ontario I'ell i onsiderahly below the Donunion census returns, and in Montreal and other places where a special census was taken, just on pur- pose to show what injustice had l)een done by tile census I'uumerators, it was I'ound in every instance that the enumerators had been sub- >tanlially correct, and that the mistake was in the over ambitious wish I'or an increase ol'popu- lation rather than the eiuunerators who could not return a population they did not lind. In all the Provinces, there was a most marked lulling oil' in the ratio ol' increase, but most especially in Ontario and (Quebec, or what had I constituted the Old Province of Caiuida where the ratio of increase fell from ;J70G in Upper .Canada iu 18tjl, to IGOl); and from 28 in Lower Canada to 72. Now had all tiiin'^s l)eeu in their normal condition at the two periods when the respeclive enumerations were made (iSdl ami 1W71), this decrease would have been most remarkable, but things weri- noi in their normal condition at either limi'. and there were several reasons why the period is.M (11 should show a iiiruer ralio of increase than the per:<lein the country — an*!'' '" "i« I'arliamt'iit ul t'nniiilii, irro.ipwtivenf |iii|iiiliiti"ii. llr 1 ! . !!■■' 'I* i> m |j':){ m I Wi ■ I i.ii i. Ihiut :)nil lions. I'll l.lU.-l. I<> wllh'll llio (lOVKIJNMKXr OF l,()|JI) I.ISd.MJ IMJINTII'AL KVKNTS OF Ml. 2i;i I'll.' .•I'll'ill-. Ilinv il thiin they di'scvvi'd to the y tilt' Minister of Aizrifiilturc lor lakinii' tlii> (.'t'lisiis, was aliuost prci isi'ly t he same as that adopted ill tlie UiiittHl States, France, SwedtMi, and some parts oi'dermaiiy. (allliou^-ii llie inrormatioii so'.iulil was much more eompre- lii'iisive and exhaustive tlian that asked I'or in llie United States), instead of llie systiMU adopted ill I'jimland. lly tiie latter, the l']ni;lish system, the census papers are distriluitcd some (hiys ill advance. liUed up by the liead ol' the house, and all collected in one day l)y the eiiuinerators ; In the latter the eiiuinerators made housi- to house visits and li'alhered the inrormalion lliein- M'h cs, thus takiiin' more time, although, i)erhaps, iihtaininu' more accurate inl'orination on some 111 :i(ls. The period oxer \\ liich the I'nunuM'ation slretcheil in Canada varie returns were cohipleted. This Liiue lise to many complaints, iiiid il was arii'uetl Ihatnumhers who were con- stantly inovine' alxnil miuht i^o I'lom a district where the census had not yet been taken lo one where it had l)e(>ii coiiiplett>d, and so not uvt cnumerali'd at all ; Imt the rule worked etpiaily hotli ways, and many no doulil h\ iiiovini:' IVom a district where they had already hccii eiiuiiitM'atcd lo one wlu>re the eiiuinerators li;id not yet hei'ii, Li'ol " taken " aiiain,so that those who were enumerated twici^ ahoul counter- halaiiced (hose who were not taken at all. Still the plan is an unsatisfactory one, and it is to he iioped that at the census of ISSI, the l']iii>-|i,sh sysliMii will he adopted, l'"or the lakiiu;' of the t';iiiadiaii census the lour rrovinces were divided into •Jill! census divisions, as follows : ( )niario, IH) ; t^hiehec, S:! ; Nov a Scotia, 11' ; and New Hiuns- \vi( k, 14 ; to each of which a Commissioner was appointed. 'I'licse divisions were ai^aiii siil). divided into -J,',!;'!.') smaller districts, to which -,7S;i cnunieratiu's were appoinied. inakiii'.;-, with !;'. staU'ollicoris, a total uumbor of o.UOS persons enniiiii'd ill taking' the census.* The work ol takiiiii' the names was commenced on (lie :!rd of April, and the n'reater part of it was completed in about two weeks, but tlm ri>turiis were not pub- lished until the 'J^iid November, seven months and a half after the eiiumcratii>n beifaii. Of course, the greater part of this time was occupied in classifyiiii'' and prepurinu' tiie lists for publi- cation, and the work was ;iclually done more speedily than similar work on the linited Stales' Census; still there was some impatience felt at th(> delay, and (lie leni'lh of time w liich elapsed bet w ecu the comineil'-cineiii of the (Miumeiatioii, and the aiiiiouiicem'nt ol' the result ditl not lend to slreuii'ihen public conlidence in tli(> .icciirai'V of that result when published, for there were a great many who had lln- idea that the eiiuinera- tors were hard at work all the iiiue ■• taking' down" everybody they could liiid, and v\<'re much disappointed to liiid after so much j •'(akim;" that the result was so far below wlial ; had been expected ; however, as we hav e already shown, popular exi)ectatioii Ihmiil;- based on the census of jSiil vvas foumled on an unrelia- ble basis, and no account beinu' taken of the einiii'ratioii to tiie Statt's, il is not surprisinn' to iiml thai the l'-cu -ral impression tiiat llie census would show the population to l)e fioin i •t,()tt(),i)(l(» (,) l,,".()(t,0(l(), was very wiile of the mark I 10. — The population of the four I'rov iiici's of Ontario, (^Ui'bec, Nova. Scotia and New liruiis- wick was found to l)e ■'!, ISti.ODT, distributed as follows; Ontario, l.til'O.S.M ; (.hiebec. l,lll|,.-)i(;; Nova Si'otia. :!S7.S()() ; New lirunswick. "J.^r),.")'.!!. lu isdi the population of Ontario vvas uivi-n as l,:l'i(l,OiM, so tliat the result of ten years showed an increase of liiil.TilO, or liMi'.i per ceul., l>eiiiL;' only one and six-tenths per cent, per aniiuni while tlu> four previous deceiinial peiiiid> had I shown increases ol from ,")T to '.'I per cent., or 1 •I'll ."ImW llli' •liili'll'llri' 111' llll' IW.l -v.^ll'MH Hi' IIUIV ."lull' Hull l.ililliO llii' ci'MMii'' <>( lOiiitliiiiil ami VViili'< ill |S7I ivliii'li wui iliiiii' in iiiii> iliiv- (liiM'iiiinlry wii^iilii i'li'il iiilii'i-'.i'HiSi|i»i|.i,.|.., ii\(M'iii.'initli'..i"lliiiii Hvn ».|iiiu'i' ! mill's I'Mi'h, iiihl I.I I'lii'h :iii i'iiiimi'i-;iliir win ii|i|iiiiiiliiil. Iiu'Iii.Iiiik lii'v'i~ ' (riirsi (liiTi' wi'iT .l."*.!;!!! Iiii'iij iilli.Ti^ I'liitiiwi'.! in niiiiilii'i'inu llir 'J'J.Ti'l.liw ' |i||.i|i|o. Il will III' tliii'< si'i'ii lli.il . ' 11 till ii\iM'tii.'i>, I'lii'li I'liiiini'r.il.ii* liiiiti I li'.Hi n iini"^ :*wliil.' iiii.li'r tin' Cniiiuliiin .ly.ilt'iii llii' iniTiiKi* twin \:2'*^. 11' i-n-. Si'iin- |. i ( '' ' 1 il : i 1 1 ihf ' :l "'. 2(12 TUTTLKS lIISTOin- OF TIIF l»()MIXI()x\ OF CANADA. r I ! IVom livo ;nul scvcn-lenths to niuo and a half pox cont. per aniuim, which was a aroat I'alliim- oil. In iSdl, (he population ol' Quoboc was uivon as 1,111, olid, so that the incroasc in ten years i was 7i',l'oO, or 72 per cent., beinii' only seven- tcnths of one per cent. i>er annum, which was far below the avera!j;i> of previous periods. In Nova Scotia the population in l!SGl waso80,8")7, showing an increase in 1871 of r)(),04-'), or 1721 per cent., being a little over one and seven- tenths per cent, per annum. In New Brunswick in ISGl, the population was 2')2,047 ; and in \>ill, it had incri'ased •'!o,547, being l;;]-88 per cent., or a little over one and three-tenths per cent. p(M' annum. It will thus be seen that in 18G1 the total population of the four Tro- vinces was ;),00n.r)Gl, and in 1871, 0,485,701, j showing an increase of 895,200, or 12 80 per cent.* In the same period, 1801-71, the ; increase in England and Wales was 1-314 per cent., and in the United States for the period 18G0-70, 22()2 pm- cent. Althouu'h the result of the census was very disappointing as far as the inrrea.se of population was concerned ; il was highly gratifying in some other respects, such as the large area under cultivation, the | great increase in stock of all kinds, ulaliiiii of the Pi'iivinees at pfcviou.- pefinil..^ :— Oil ,n ....ls.(1 .|i.--,:«7 ....l,s.-.i... ... sss.slii Iiii'roii.«e '.'I'dl 1 " ....IsDl... ...l,.'»Mi,(l!ll .Villi *' ...•1S71... ...1,I«I,H.-Il ir.M'i tjnehi'o ....Ml... ... I'all.JSII " ....lH,il... ... Hltl.SlJI .ai-iHi ....ISOl... ...1.111,,T|-Ili IJU'lHi •• ....1S7I... ...l,liil,-i7r) -•■2it N\'\v I'lMin-wiik. .. ....KM... ... ni:i,S(H) " ....W\... ... •Sf:.iu7 " :;ini.i " ....1H71... ... i^.■|,777 l.r.is Xinii Sc'uliu ....ls,-,l... ... l!7i;.117 •• ....Mil... ... .•|.iii.S)7 I'l-s:! " ....1S71... ... :W7.H(l| i7-iil f It wniilil III- iin|it)^-ilih> liirii.'^ \vith thr liiniteii spiicr id mir nnnuiiuiKlt tn ntd'iiipt til irivc an.vthiiit[ liUo a lull hyiiii|isi.elves with vcv.v hriully conilensini; some of the iiin-i salient features. Ai;i:.\.— The total area of the Dominion, aeeonlinif to the eensus, is ;i.:;|i;.'Wl s.iuarc miles, itivideil as follows :—\ova Scotia, 'Jl,7.'il: New nriinswiek. L>7,:!2l'; (Jueliee. l!i:!,:iVi; OTilario, Iil7.7s0: Miinilohii. ll.:ilii; .N.irtli West Terriiories. L',7.VI,iHiil : liiiti-h Coliiiiihia, 2L'll.iin(l ; I'liin'e I'Mwaril Islanil, rj.l7-i. The lloniiiiion ranks thipl in size ainonL'si the n.itioiis of the earth, Hii.ssia lieina first, ami the liiiteil States, iiuhnlinK ,\laska, sei'onil. IO.velusi\c of .Maska the area of the I'nileil States is •J,' I. :;;,.>>! ,s,|uare miles, the area of .Ma.-ka is .'i77,:!'.iii, so that ilietwn toiretheri.'i\e.'I.'>lo,'i7^.lii.'iiu: liil,2.i7suiiare miles more than tlie I ii an in ion : hut il must lie remeinhereil that the si/.e of tlie .\orth-\Vest is onl.v very roiiirhly estim iteil. The suiierlieies in aives is tliiis niveii i— Ontario, i.-"i.ii'.i7.iil:{: (iaeliee. 12ii,u!><,:iol ; Mew liriinswiek, 17,:i'.i.;,Hiii .S'naSeotia, ]:; ;!s2,iKi:i. Total. -Jl.'i.siy.uLii. \m.\ I xiiKii Ci;i.Tiv.vThix, III ii.iiiNi,,s, At.— Talile 21. uiviiii,' (he ooeii- jiiers of laiiil, *te., show.s that, eouiparatively speakiiK, only a sm.ill inu'tion of this vast heritaire w;is aetiially oreiipied, or in iiroeess of eiilii- vatioii. The niimher of oeeujiiers of lainl is ^iven as 172.2;"'S in Ontario: Us.iiSii in t^iicliee ; .'11.212 in Xew liriinswiek: lit.^il'i in Xov.i Smiia. iiiakiiur a total of .';ii7,sii2. Of this lotal32i>.li)il were owners, .'I'.i.-'.s;; tenants, aial 2,11:1 i-miilo.\ees. 'i'lie total numher ol acres oi-eiipieil was l'i.ltil,ii7*i in Ontario: ll,o2<'i.7Sil in Quebee: .'i,H27.7Sl in New lirunswiek ; ■3,ii.;l,217 in .Nova .Seotia. Total, :iil,iUii, 101. Ilie total uiiantity iiniuove.l \va- K.-t'/i.-'iK, ciiviiled as folnnvs:— Ontario, .'<,'<;!:i,il2ii ; ijiiehee, ."i.7ii:i,'.i|| : Nih Iriiiiswiek, 1,171, l.'i7: Nova .Scotia, l.il27.(i!ll. The total iin.|er-erii|i was 1 1 .vjii,.^-.s, ilivi.leil as follows :— Ontario, 11,5:17. 1.IS : Qiiehee, .'1,71 l,:ai| : New liriinswiek, 77"<.4iil : Xova Seotia, 7'.i0.1.m. In pasture :— Ontario, 2,ii>'.i. 177: (inehce, I.'.i|:i.lv2: New lirunswiek,. 'K"i,lli."): Xova Seoiia. S2.'i.:i22. Total, ."),21'.i.7m>. 'J'he numlier of town and villiitje lot^ owned, aeeorilini: Id tal-Ie 2". was :— Ontario, 17^.1211: IJiiel.ee. i.7.7;!7 : Xew lirunswiek. l.'i.ou; Nova Seotia, 2li,'.is7, makiiiB a total of 2S2..Vji. Tlie nuinlier of houses owne.l was :— Ontario, 2ii2,illS; (Jnehee. l,'ii..l7S: Xew Drunswiek, IM.'.iii,"); .Nova Seotia, ."iliiiil I. Total, ■"i.'>'.i,712. Warehouses, factories, stores and slmp^: - Ontario, 2S..V)."); tiiiehec, 2ll.2iit; New lirun.swiek, ii.:iOil: Nova .S-oiia, l:i,7S'.i. Total. liS.'.ill. liarns and sl:ibles :— Onlario, .■a'i.V'i: IJiiehee 270,211 : New Brunswh'k, ll,i>7ll: Nova Seiitia. riii,!iiis. Total. ii'.i.'i,:;ii|. Skvk.s, Aiiks. OirL'i'.vno.vs— The total population, a;j already slaie-h was .■!,4^."i,7iil, of whom 1.7ill.:)ll were males, and 1.721. 1."i0 were I'euiales. distrihuled a^ Ifollows : .Males— Onlario. s:;s,.-iiiii : (Juehee, .'iliiii'll : New Urunsivii-k. 1 1 i.s^J* : .Nova Seoti:i. I'.i.'!,7',i2. Feniiiles— Ontario. 7'.i2.2iil : liueliee. .■■'.>."i,|7.'>: New lirunswiek, l.;'.i.7lKi : NovaSeolia, I'.U.oiN. The t-ilal numher married wa." : iiiil:irio.."ii's.l'.i7 : IJiiehee. ii72,lil ; .New liriiiiswi'-k. .'Sii.2s.;: Nova Seotia, llN,!!.'!. Total, 1.1 lM."i,;i7ri. Widows and Wiilower.-; Ontario. ■i2.'.i72 : Uuehee, :i'.i,ll.l: New llruiiswiek, m.-V.*.! ; Nova S ia I1.7.W. Total. 117,.'W2. Children and unmarried :— Ontario, l.ii:i|i,iW2: (Juehee. 77'.i.li22: .New lirunswiek, lHS,7>iJ: Xova Seotia, 2Jl.iil7. Toi.il. 2,2S.l.iKI.!. TheiiBes were found to he as follows: 21 and under. l.'.«r>.|iil. distrihuled as fullows: Onlari",~<'.M.ii'.i."i : ijuehee, ii.')i.iilH ; .New llriiiiswiek. I.'il 127: .Nova Seotia, 2iil,72l : Irom 21 to II : ilntaiio, 4:1'*,4'l,2.V,i; Xew lirunswiek, :i7,s72: Nova Seotia, .■•2.iiiio. Total. ('.2,m|:!. I'Vom lil to SI: Onlario, ii;i..ll:l ; ijuebee, "iii,iil;i: .Xew lirunswiek, l:;,8'.l| : .Xova Seotia, 21,!WS. Total. Ili4,2li;). I'Vom si to nil : Ontario, .">,4ni; (iaehee. -l.sds : New llriin-wiek, I, |."i:i; Nova .Seotia, 2.M1. Total, 1'l,,"ili'.i. Over ltd : Ihitario, Il7 : ijiiehce, .171 .Now lirunswiek, 111: .Nova Seotia, 27. Total. 111. Aifes not k'ivoii: Ontario, l,hi:i; (iueliee. :!ii."i : New lirunswiek, l."i; .Nova Scotia, 127. Total, 1,71111. T'he oeeupations were divided intosi.'C ela.sses, with tlie tollowiiiL' result :— Ontario, i"ii>ni,n<. ' Now Nova Quohoc. i(f„„8,v|^.|j. Scotia. Total. A^'rienltll^al ' 22S.7IIS ('ommereial 1 2,i.iim2 e^iie ■ 2ii.>.i,H71 I'rotessiomil lii,7.V.i Not cliLssillud liS.llHI Iiill.iill 4ll,.-«U 2."i,."iii7 ' 7,1 Ml 21.1SI1 ri,:f.s ii."i,7ii7 ],H,ii«;i I.'),:i7i) 1 2,iv'fcH .'■>2,W74t 12,114 l'.l,7li!l l:i,;V!l ii,7.Vi :i|.-.47 l.l.-il ii,xn2 4?.i,-.12 7.\2"1 iin.lol .)pi,siis .iri.iii 1 H,u7!i Xiital iiiU-M ,tii,aii j Hn,i8.s llS,li4.'i l,lill!I.S|S jniii^uifK. : (fia-lii-i-, 'lit 1, ViU'M'. ■i\V .■li,.'tT,sTJ: .'.I'^s. Tiiiiil. vl iriiii'wii'li, ,.< lilt j.'i\oii : Iiu liillciwinir ! Ti.tiil. 47!..^!:; 7."i,-.'"1 i;ii.iiii Ut'J.MlH ittUII 111,":!! ') l,l:lfll>|S ■- • - '- (JOVEKN'MKNT OT F.ORI) LISfiAl!— I'ltlNCJI'AL KVI'LVTS ()F IS7I. ■liV.', crop this yoav, and trade and commorro contiimod ijood, and althoii<>-li tho.re was Vc...iis , lu'-'hi in a very slight agitation on the question ol' protection to mann- I'ticturers, still the majority of Iheinanni'acturing interests were in a lloniishing condition, and the bulk of pul)lic opinion was not at this time in I'avor ol' Protection. As we have already SiiiiMMNi;. — Tho rctiiri)?^ of" vossels owticil Iiy the Doniiiiinn wns tnn.-t ^'iMIit'yhitr. ;tml simwul tliat C;tiiiiil:( |mi.»>i'i>c'iI ji nuTohjitit iii;iriiio iif .l.iiTJ \i',-scls 111' mII kin ! , witli a tiit.il tiuiii.ii-'i' nl' ^l.'t.l'Jii. The ri'tnnis aiT .liviik'il iiitii ihrce iM:is^i'.^,.itCMiiiM'a-j.'iiiiit' .lailiiiK vi'.-.il'Is, li.iri.'e;i, Ac. Iliilarin liinl Ic'il stoaiii, 21 ,1 In tiMii' : ^Hl sailini.'. lii,li:!;UimH ; iVi liai'BL'.i. Ac , :'.".,1J1 t(iii!< ; tiital.'lll vessel.--- iiil..V.i| loas. (Jiii-litT, ls;t steam, il.TTI tuns : i'i.'ai sailing, l:)8,7.'Vi tuns : l.liiT hart't-s, Ac, Tl.'.itil tons ; total, L'.JSil vessels, 2ii'.',.v.'I Ions. Xew IJruiiswiek, li.'i steam, ii,'lT.'i Ions ; Iil7 sailing, ISl. Ill") lulls: Lli'.iliai-)res,,Ve., liani tmis: tuliil, SSII ve.ssels. I!il,-;I.:17I Ions; .".,-J"il sailinK, iii;ii,lli; tons: •_',lllil biirees, Ae., llil,:!lHi tuns. Iti I ii:|(iNS.— Tlie iirciliiniiiialiiit' relit'lmi. as .-liownby table 2, is Roman Caliiulie, nearly mie amt a liali iililliuns lielon^in^' to tliai I'.iiUt . ,iiu .\i!^'lii-aii, Presltyli'iiaii anil Metlioilisi Cliiin-Iies :ire pretty evenly repre- lenleil, tlio lipiives lieiiis l'.i|,iU!l, .'ill.li'.is anil .■ir)7,l«il lespeetively. The sali.iiiiiR'il lalile i-'ivos tlie eumpleto elassilieatinn :— [ seen, the country although it snll'ered somewhat Irombush lires.did not experience such aiiotlier catastrophe as that which occurred in 1870, nor such as during the fall of 18T1 swept over ; Northern Michiaan,destroying millions of dollars worth of properly and causing the loss of many valuable lives. On the sea there was no such appalling disaster as the disappearanc(» of the iiRiois AM) BlBTII-Pi.ACK.s.— The t'ollinvinu' l:ililes will iri\eiii eonve- nienl shape the dilVcrent races or nationalilies tnnii whieli ihe peuple were ileseenileil.as well iis the plaee of liirlll. Iiv eimsilltim; llie laller it will be seen tinit of the enliri' pnpnl iiion 2,H|i2,.'17i* were biirn in the I)oniiiiioii, anil lil.i.rio in other IJritisli I'ruvinees, leavin.i; r)S2,rjfi linra in I'oreiKii eoiintries: — Onici.v. je ■^ i ■J •£•- ■1, t: _2 '^- r - 3 X 1 .1 111 711 AiIv(Mitist>' .'l.l.'Vl Will f Alrii'nn AssKciiiti'tii I..S.-4 .'ill « 1 ll.ipd.'it.-' niU'lists. i !-'ri'o Will or riiri.-^ti:ii» — i;2.ii.-it .'),:iiil 42,72.1 .'■)4,2ii.'! ln,2.'ll .'t,:i7s 27,stiti 11 1,1 1:12 1 1 nitiii lii.^ o liti 1 'riinkiT.-* 11,-1.'W .'"> ') r.il.lr Itfliev.T.-i. I'.'i 4 1 12S ^('hristiiin 1.5!;! 17ii 2 11) Itrctliri'ii. ^ IMyinmith M'uitt'd l.li-S'.l 4111 10 fi'lS .') 1 i'lithnlli's, HoiniMi. 27l.Ii'.2 l,lllil,H.-,ll INi.lllli 1112,1101 riiristiiiii rmilenMico 11. -^^I ■Km I, lis 1,1 Llo *'imr! II «il iMinIatni , . -■ .•«lll.!l!l."i ICIlii 4."i.W •|.'i,12l ('iinynvLMtinniil 12.S;-iS 0.2MI M'.il) 2,.''>;is !-,v:iii;rcIi<*;iI Assm'iiitinn \,^ySz Ii'.:l lli liiTfk '■limvli '1 Hi rrviiijfitt's SI2 2il in ■lews .ils ,-,)'.i 4." Kuilioruis ;.;■(,», I'.io 82 4,ii.">8 Miiliiiinotitn!) l.'l ■Mctboilists ... S,12S 4.:'.K': .'i.i.'ai l.iiii2 U esle.van 2>* •>•'."! 104 121 ;i| Monnniis .(lill I,^S4 .■II.S47 ;V.i l.-l IVesIiytoriinis l,'!,IM',li il.OI.-i 2 lem < iuiiiilj) iV I.i'wt'rPriiviiH'os. 2.'!i.4ii.. t7.'*7.'l 17,7liiili.-ts , . 1 ,722 1 ,li.'t7 .7.111 ii|7 otiin- Duinniiimitl(ni.-4 1, 12.1 im .'14 2lii i Atliuists , UillmutCmMl. ]li.'ist8. f N'l It<'Iifriiin. 111 1 2.'t:i 4:4 .Vl 72 1,1 oil :!7ii 7'i 14 N"t irivoii. l:i,slii l.Hil 1 ,i'.ii ,-iii; .'1(12 1 ,.').V( Tola Is l,i;-2ii,H.^l 28.1,.'ill4 .■187, SI HI Afrlean Miiteh KiiRlish •■■ I**renell Iiermaii 1 1 reek Ilall'-lireeil Ilillllo Iiiiliall Irish Italian .fewish . |_!ussiaii,riili-li .Seanilinayian Scoleh Spanisli, INirtiiKueso. . Swiss Welsh Various other Orli-'ins Xol ttiveii Totals ihitario. I.';.l.",.-| l'.i.|i'i2 ''--•'.-':l l.is'iins S 12,|I7H ri.V.),4l2 .■(114 |H Hi 12 lisii .■i2S,8S!l 21.'i ifiO 5,282 2115 4, .'5118 1,1120,851 Qiieliee. \ew llrniiswiek. 48 Il2ll.vl7 ii.iis8 •2:1. I7s .1:«i 71 1-ii |.T| 4il, l.'is 142 17.1 28't ;12 1,1 .=14 l,llil,.'-.M 1.7M1 li.lHll S;! "i!i8 44.1107 4,178 I l.lii:: liKi.iii:; III l' 21 » I lll.SvS 22.1 lit l.lilHl 1 :i7.'t 285,5il4 Nova Seiilia. ii.212 2,'^li8 IM.'i-.li in/i'iii 21 :i l.Nili liJ.sM 1.-.2 1.10,711 1,77^ 1,112 l:! l,52il :i87,8IKl _ IjIRTIIPi.ACE, Ontario. IJiiebec \, I'.rnn.s- wick. Xovn Sroti I. Tot„ls. Kinrhinil 121.oii2 12..'171 I.."!.""- 1 .( M IS lll.i'.i'i Irelailil l.Vl.llllll :l."..8js ■';; Ol!. 1 , , '.. .S 2lo.|.=,l Seollanil »m sii7 11. 21 ill 4.1 .'U 14.:;iii 121.071 Onlario l,l:il,.'Hl 7,"W jiiii 2-2:1 l.l:;s,7ii| I{iiel.ee Iii,l7il l.Iiil.inl 2.11'.! :i|8 l.ll7,i;ii| .New lirnnswiek 2,81 ill 11 '2 2,'!7,s;i7 .'l.ll:; 2l."i,HI.S NiiMi ."-leiitia .'! -'1117 liiiii ."i 2.' 11' ;i'il.:ii'iii :Mi.s:i-_> 1'. K. M.iiiil 1.1 V2 Ml 17 2,|0'.i :;.21o 7,iii8 X.-W. A .Manitoba.. •'ii7 l.'.l 1 ti |o.-) ()|lier llril Piiss'ns. • I.II7 7:il I'll .((•5 '2.7^11 I'liileil Stales 4:;.li«i 11.711 |,IKS *J ,-.>'.' ii|.ll7 Kranee 1.7.-il .".I l.'l r..'ii 2- 81 Hi liennany 8"l| 'IV\ 2:i.') •24,102 Other places Totals It.Sllll .8117 :;n:; :ai .^,418 1.ii20,s.-il l.lill„-)lli lis.T.riin :i87,siiii :l,,.,7,il Kiiii-ATiiiN-.— The statistie.* itathcreil from tlio eonsiis, relatini.' to the \ ciluciitional status of the population, are pnrlienlarly inlcresliiin. :iiiil show that ill this respeel Caiiaila eumpares tiivorably with any other nation, the per eeiilano of iliosi uiiablo In reail or write beinn rem irkalily small, rartieiilarly is thi.s notieeable in Ontario, where the elVeets of the I'lililie Sehool .system were nui.-t plainly seen, iiinl where only '-V. per eeiii. Ill' the popiilation. over Iweuty years of au-e, were unable lo re.iil. aiiil.'i; lier cent, of the same aire were unalile 'o wrile. In ijiiebee the ilillerenec in the eiliiialional system was very elearly^ iicr cciit. iMuiItl net reinl, :iml I'J prove.".: females, .'17 ,7:»"i : total, 7S.|ss: L'land t"i.il i-'oiiii.' to school, XA Xl-:. males : .■l.in,7i;',i females : total, iWl ,Siil. I*'\itM SiucK, I.Mi'I.KMKM.s, Ac.— Table ~'l Ki\cs the number of ai-'ricul- liiral im|ihiueiil.-,,Ve., owneil in the jiomiuioii, loaelhiu' witli workiiiK .iiid farm ^-toik. We have only .-[laee for the totals of the i..iplements,as follow i- : l.ijrbt i'arriiU--es,;>U,llii; vehicles for Iraiispcji-t, s|J,;">l.| ; ploui.'hs. hallows and cull i valors. •"o.'l.bIS; reapers and mowers, ll.an : horse- rakes, i'i.l.iKi.".: ihreshipij mill>,-«i.7.'i-"i : famiinK-mills. Iii7,'.«!|. uf workinu animals there were. Iiorses. Ontario, oiiS,.'s."i ; i^ueliec, l:io,:i,jii : \ew lirunswiek, .■>;.:;jj: Xova .-^coiia. Il.oi'.: toi.il, ol:;,I7I. Colls and lillies, Ontario, IJIi.lli': Onel.i-c. .'o.n.^: .New liriin>wick, s,|i;i : Xova Sei.iia, 7,ii.'d : total, I'.i:;.":;. Workiiii.'o\eii.<>nt:irio, i7,:Ul ; (incbec. IS..1IS: .Vew lirunswiek. Il.l.y : Xov.-i Scotia, :;l'.'JI I : total, l.f.i.'i.^'.. The iiuaotiiies of farm .-lock and of animals killed, ,Vc., are t-iven in follow iiiK tables :— 'J ■: >". = ■: .: u t'/j ~ c Z-' ~ 'y. H Milch cows. (i:i'<,7.'.'.i inii-'dJ \-;,L",ii l±.',iWS \sa:m> mhcr horiici ca lie. 7II..I7I :i->,-,7-J i>'.i,.:.i.i II'.i.hm i,i;.i.-i.Mii SI 1 l.-.ll.'.HI 1 ,iHi, smt •j:;mI'< .■Bis.:;77 :l.l.V,.."j|'.i .'•Willi S7l,oo| ::71,l.">i; ti..,sil,i •M.iiy l,;ii;ii,ii.s:i IliM.-. of bee killed or ,» '.U.iiiil ILiU^ •'>,H.M .■l.itts Il4.7!i| I'allh •J77 :<^>' l.v,.:',7:: ■w .\-.\ km;, .'in7,7l!.'i .-bee. killed or.- lid s.-..i.r,l>- lol.ll'.l 1'0,0.1L' l:i'.i,i;:!l l,.M7,l.iil Swim killc.l or .- 777.l.!l .'JJ.'i.tiO'.l i;o,."ii;'.i o'_',7'-s l,L'lii.ii:i7 I'l - ol w 'ol H.lll,:iii."i i7ii:i,:liil 7!"i.|liS l.l;;2.7ii:: ll.ln.i.isii Polllli s.d h< lie> l,2»i,dlu' i;iH,:;i(i '.lll.lKIl 21 ,.t7 1 l.'.i^i;>,.'»iii I'iKl.ii Prdiik'TH— Table S! shows llmt there were l.ii|ii,7si acres if wheat a« follows: Ontario, I ..•!(m,s7:; : Quebec ■Jl2,7L.'i;: Xcw lirunswiek. |s.Hs| : Xova Se.iiia. I'.i.'.*.!:! i If poialoc- ibere were 17l.idiiacres in Ontario : li;'<,ls"i in lioebee : I7,ils'.i in .Vew llninswick : oJ."i':l. Pens, Unlario, 7,iAI.''ilo bii-lii.ds : ijiiebee, 2.20.-|,r,s,'i ; .Vow llniiiswiek. 21'i.VJi; Vov a Scolia. I'.i.7|il: total, !i.'.i(k\72". Itiiekwheal, Onhirio, .Wi,l> bushel-; i^iel , l,ii7i).u7H; .Vew lirunswiek, l,2:il,n!l| ; 000 ; but, as usual, this does not reinvsent tlie entire list oi" disasters, I'or there are always soiae which are net reported to the Department. In the St. Lawrence tht? season was the most disasterons known i'or years. The I'all weatliin' had been fine and open, but on the 2.jth of Novemlier, a fierce north-west wind set in and continued i'or some days, causing the river to I Xova .•!e(illa,2.'i4.1."i7; total, ;i,72ii,HI. Corn, Oiihirio. :;,1|s,|s7: ii,ieh,e. iai.'i..t')ii: Xcw lirunswiek 27.iW; Xova Sc.iii.i, 2l,.il'.i: i.ii.il. ::.mi2.s:;ii. Potatoes. I lata rio. 17,|:S,'.'.l bushels; ijucbee. lS.iiiN,;ij:;; Xcw lirunswiek, (i.."iii2-.l'vi : Xova Scolia. ."i.rii;ii.'.i7."i ; tol.il, I7.:;::ii,l'<7. Turni;><, iiiitiii-io. 22.|.M,."d;!bushiiN: tjnebee, S12.il7.i; Xcw lirunswiek. iiii:;.721 : Xova .''l.7il-'i lbs., of wdiicli iiiilario produced l,li''i,117; (Jiiel.cc. l.27ii,21"> : .V"w lirunswiek, :;7.'<1'> : .Vova Scolia. Ill.'''<'<. The nuiiiheror ■ards of honie-iiiadc linen was. Ontario, 2.'J.''02 : '^lebee. 1 ..V';i. ibi; Vew lirunswiek. 71.211 ; Xova Scolia. lll,'.iS7 ; total, 1,771.1 In. Of home lande cloth there were ?iill.:i|7: Unlario, ! ,77."),.12li ; IJuebcc, ,'!,:'.S'.i.7oi; : Vew liriiiiswi k , I .H'in,S2S ; Xova Scotia, l,l7i;,iio.l : total, 7.i'dl,'.il7. The inmiher of pounds of maple suirar was 17.27il,iJi|, of which Ontario produced Ib2l7.||2: Ijuebee, lii.l'.i7.|IS : Xew lirnnswicdi, .■tS'.i,i»l( : Xova .Sc.iia. |ol.l!«l. of fruits ihere were i;,.l.'!">..il"> buslicN of apples : l,12o.lil2 luiiiiiib of trr;ipes, and .TvS.mi.'i bushels .d' other fruits. Pitniu I IS u|.' Tilt; Fnni:.sT.— The total liumbcrof cubic feet of liinberof all kiiirls was Im.i;i'.',i,H71 , of wdiich Unlario imi.luced ■;.;.l!ii'i.-:l'i; (;iiclree. 21,i '.i.iwl; X'ew lirunswiek, •:.7sii,.")il7 : Xo\a Scoii;i, l.oS.l,lii:i. The various kinds were as follows: White pine, Ontario, 1 l,7!il.2n:l cubic feel ; (.iiichcc, S.S7b,e.;i) ; Xew lirunswiek. •■!."n,'..2il: .Vova Scotia. 2:W,i;.;si : total, 21.2.>i.sj|. lied pine. Ontario, l..'i21.i>:iH eiibie feel : tiuebee. .'il7. .il.") ; Xew limns wick, I'lii.I.i'.i; Xova Seoti.i. 22.0211; total, I ,'.i.>l .:172. Suiiiire o;ik. Onlarir,. .1.1 ll,"! cubic feel ; iJuebec. ."i.l.ri.i."i ; .Xcw lirunswiek. 7,:>ilO : Xova Smiia' IHi.l'.il: total.. ■I,:iii2.n|s, Tamarae. Onlario, 1.22o.lll eiibie feet: IJuebcc, .■l.'.i'.>l.~i7S; .Vew lirunswiek,. ■!i»i.~<2."i; .Vova Scolia, I Iii.'^lil : total, "i.iSio.'.H'-'l. i llirch and iii:iple. (hitario. '.I2,2iill cubic feet: tjiiebce, ;"xKi.'.io."i ; Vew lirunswiek, ^27 ,:i|."i: Xova Seotia. ol'i,727 : I ilal, 1 .'.'■■i:i,:l."i7. Klin, uiilari". 1.777 .'.«i."i cubic feol : (Quebec, ."i:;,2.''.i: Xcw lirunswiek, 1.2."i(i : Xova Scotia. 2011; total. I.s:i2.il.'i|. lilack waliiiil. Il7,.'i'>',i eiibic feet, Ontario. Soil walnut. Ontario, 72,21 1 cubic feel : (Jiiebec. 2H..l-<2 : New lirunswiek, IV' : Xova Scoiiii. 2.2ii.'i: total, lo2,',W|. Hickory. Oiitiirio, b)7.',i7.') cubic feci: (Jiiebcc, :«i,ill2 ; Xovii .S'olia, 2|ii ; total, I'.i7,'<27. .Ml oilier limber, (bitario, lil,."ili|,lll.'l cubic feet; (Juebec. In.ll l,i 10; Xew liriiiiswick. 2,l'.i2bOH; Xova Scotia, :i,iiiW,iHi.'i; total, 2ii.2'.io.2iil. Pine lo^s, Onliiri'i. o.7i:i.2IH: Ijiiebee, ."i.idl.."i.l2 ; -Xew IJrnnswick, I21l.lv"i: Xova .',ii"i7. Cords lanbark, Ontario, .'io.s.vl ; I Juebee, Hi. nil ; .Vew liriiiis»ick.2S,22S: Xova Scolia, 1 2,.lss ; total. Iii2,521. Cords hrewood. Onlario, |.,"d'.).:i20 ; tjiiebe'.', :t,172,iil2 ; Xew Brunswick, ."d."!,!;?! ; .v,,va Scolia,. ".211, 172; toi:il, s,7'.!,iKi. Tin; 1'i.siii:rii>.— T.ible 2ii conlaiiis sialisties rel.iliim' to the fisheries by which il ilpjiears that idl vessels with li.osl m,.n, and |i''.'>7il bieits. ttilll oO.'d I iiicii were ennai-'ed ill Ibis imporlant piM'^uil. .\ll the Proviiicis more or le^s eiiKaued in il, bill the ureiiler piirl of ilie bnsinc.-s was in lio .M.irilime Province.-. Vessels emtau'cd, Onlario, 2ii ; ijiici.ec, llii; Vch lirunswiek, l.Ki; Xova eolia.7'^2; loial, OHl. .Meii-Onlario, 7;i; IJiichcc sill; New lirunswiek. ."..■17; Nova .Seolia, .".,".7:) : loial, ii,'.is|. Ilonls- llnlario, l.lol; Ijiiebee, 1,7711; .Vew llriiiHwiek, .I,!*!.! ; Xoval^colia, 7,'.i|ii; lotal, Iil,s7il. .Men— Ibilario,2.:io7: IJuel.ei'. il,'.!'.".!; .Vew llrimswb-k. |.77il; Xova Si'oiia. I^i'i'i; loial, 2".,sii7. Sli..ii.iiicii— iJucbee, '1,1 l.l; .Vew liruns- wiek, 72il: Xovii Scolia. 77H ; lolab l,il|7. Kalhoms of iiel-Diibirio, PJ'.i.'.i.'.H; Ijiiebee, ;il.K,ii;il ; New lirunswiek, li'i,.!'.! ; Nova Seolia. M'.'i.ii'l ; flO\M':RXMI<3NT OF I,OIJD MSfiAIJ— PRfXCIPAL RVKXTS OF IS7I. IM,-. I'loozo rapidly, and a largo number of the fall ] damago was done to them hoyond tho loss of lli'i't wore caught in the iic and groat damage I' time, and consoqnont oxixMiso. Below Qiiel)oc done. The river closed very suddenly at ' and down the C!nlf, however, (ho case was Montreal, and a number >f barges and small dilteront, and the following vessels were crushed craft were caixght and held in the harbor in the ice and became total wrecks : fShij) until the ice broke up in the spring, and Ardmillan, 987, Montreal to Liverpool ; bar(jue many ocean-going vessels had to winter at; Chri/xeis, 477, Montreal to Glasgow; ban^ue various ports in the St. Lawrence, but little Emigrant, 475, Quebec to Greenock : l)arquo liitiil, l,ST!M:i,5. Flahom^■ (if fii.-oinci', IJntarin, II; (iuebi'C, 1,W; Xcw I!riin.''\vii;k, liill ; Xovii Seiitiii, 771: Kiliil, 2;i2;i Tim products of tho n.«hrric!< will bo fi>iiii(l in tliu InllowiiDf table: " .1^ o SS rz u ^ C Zf ^ H C...1 Oiiintiili'. i;i;i.7iJ .■17.->il .■iSll..'il»,s iK2.n:l Il;i.l.|"ck, liiikf,p..ll..ek •• l.sxl IT.LIMl III1.I1I-J I'.ii.-ji:! ."iitlliHl-i illni tullglK'.S— b:ilTt,'Is. . .•!.'(J Ml STI 1.2111 lliTrili« '.',-il 1 IWI. IL'S isi.?ii; i.s.-jik; I17..1IH il,i.-|i:iri'iiu.\ 2''.t ls,,-,;;i ln,;;;»s 2'.i,117 .M.I.k.TOl ."i.S;)7 li.lJl r.;i,hl7 77,'.!2.T .-ar.lilic..- •• .. ii,|.">7 111 h.t.i2 ,l;llilmt 8'. 11 Pti ->.^:u\ .■i,,"it;ii .''ihtiMii .").:tl!i ii.:{tii 4,-.'ls l.i,("i7 ,-ll:l4 •• .. i,i;ii.i :i,.^'!2 7,ls:i 12.:!xii i:i'i> 1-J7 r<.-7 11 2:;,iil7 ■l'l"lll " l".:n.-i 1.7l'I L'SII :17-J l!i.72'.i iillirrlish •' .. 12,.-.:w r>»,i7!i (1,11711 1,:iii7 M,Ki2 I'lirt-il niL's i-i '.nil H^^ 2.1i:!l ilvsiir.-* " i:s;.'i:! 217 1.2">7 l.liiri It..'i!l 2.4'.il .-(.(fj ai-i.d;'.!! 7.')..>>2ii 2S7,'.C''. Haw MisKR.tt, Proiuct.s.— Tho total iiriHluctioTi of koM who 22,941 "iiiiiis, of which Ontiirio proiliu'ccl IW ; (Jucbcc, "..III; N'uvii Scotia, l;i..h;i. Oiitiirio WM.-' Ilic "Illy I'rovinci. inoiliiciii!.' iiiiy ~ihcr, the c|iiiinlity lichii:i;!i.l;i7 (iiinccs. Ooi'Pcr ore. Ontario, l.itlKons; IJiiclicc, ll,:i2ii: New i Ihiiii.-wick, ."ill; Iciliil, l,l,:!l(i. Iron ore, Onliirio. .■!il.72ii toii.< ; (Juchcc, 'iJ.iKil ; Xcw r,riin.-wick,!,il70; Nova Scotia, :i,'ii''i'> ; total. 12!i-'to.'l. Pyrites, iliit.irio, ;Vhi Ioiih: liucliee, 2,:iilil: total. •Jt.*(»>. ,Maiii.'iiiiese, Xcw lirinis- wi.'k. I7r) ton,< ; Nova Scotia, liHI : total, lUCi. Other ores, Xcw Uriinswick, Iiil"ii<: Xovii Scotia, ll,iO:i; total, ll.iiii:!. Cuiil, New liriiiiswiek, l.i.-'iii2 Ions; Xova Scotia. ii.">7."im>: total, il71,iKls. I'.'at, IJiichec, ll,.i|i7: Xuw llriinswiek, liai: Xova ocotia, l-'i: t.ilal, 11,772. I'liiuiliairo, (lneliec, 270 Ions, l,uinp irypsiini, Ontario, l.i'lli; New llriinswick. M.ii-'i'.i : Xova .''e"lia,'.iii,."i||: lolal, II 1.1.1:1. IMiospliiite lime. Ontario, 1 .'.i7."i Ions ; Xova .^cilia.ri; iiital, l.'.iin. Miea, iJiiclicc, l.oi"i piniinls ; New liniiiswick. 10; loliil. 1,0111. Criule pctrolcnni. Oiilario, VJ.'.iiili.l.T) pillons. Oraiiieil tn;irlilc. iliilario, 8,iS7(i ciiiiic feci. llniMiiiK stone for ilrcssinn, Ontario, 2,IKi:i,7Il: (Jiiebcc, I,ii7|.;!ii2; Xcw liripi.-wiek, SI0..V.2; Xova Scotia, ii2S.|71; total, .^i,2(i(l,7!ii). Kooliiitf sl.ilc, (Jiieiicc, .|..".;i:l s.piarcs; Xova Sentia, 1,4211; total, li.lH.l. Isoi sriiiiis.— Iliiiler this hencl arc irronped all the nniiiiiiaclures of the lioiniiiion, and Iweiily-seven talll^sare re.|iiired lonivellie very elaborate .stjitisties nailu'i'ed. It is inipnssible for lis to irive more tliiin a \cry con- densed sumnnir.x', and we shall, (herefore, only iiotii-e these inaniif:ietiires llic value of whose |iro,lncls exceed one million. .Vi/rieiilliiral iiiiple- iiienls, nninlier— (hilario, 17:1; (Jiicliec. il'i ; Xcw Brunswick, I ; Xova Si.olia,|il; total, 2"i2. Hands employed ; Ontario, inali's, 2,11", females, '-■"): fiiiebce, males, :17s ; New Urunswick, m;iles,7: No\a .s^cotia, mah'S, I'.i; lolal, 2,.'"i III. Vcarly wat'i's ; Onl;irio,.«!7r>,i;ii:) ; (Jncbcc, .■!dli."MW7; Xew Uruiiswiek, $2,l«l; Xova Scotia. $:!,274 ; lolal, AS.nl.imi. \'aln(. of raw iiialerial; Ontario, .»;7'.«l.ii7:i ; tjiiciicc, $'.i7,ls.'>; New llriinswick, $S7ii: .S'ovii Scolia,.sil.'.il:i; total, .S;'i2.2.il ,',ih:i ; (Jn,.l„,e, .$.'i,S2."i:i2; New llriinswick, .s:t.SII|; Xina Scotia, .*7.iii;s; (nial, .*2,i'.s."i,:i'.i:i. Ilakeries. nunilicr— (liil;irio. :w:l ; (Quebec, 171 ; New llrnnswiek, 41; Xova Scotia, Lli ; toi.il, ',i2i''. Hands employed: Iliilario, nnilcs. I,III7, Icnniles, i;i2; tiuebec, males, l,iiH!l, females,"!; Now Brunswick, mules, IIH, females, 1>: Xiiva Sc.lia. males. Ill, females, 211; total, 2,r.7l. Ve:irly wai-'es: iintari... .:;:;|i'.,2-">l ; Oiiebec, .•;2ii."i,2i2 : Xew lirunswick, $:i2,illl; Xov!i Sc.tia. s:!ii,'.i22: toiiil. ..^iWo.KBi. \'alue of niw material; fintiirio, s2.iii'7.ilol ; ijnebee. .■<2.:ilo,i.^2 ; Xew I!ninswick,.^10S,ll7:i: Xova Scotia, .vJ!i:!,:tiKi; total. .■f:|.S74.vi.s. Value of articles produced ■■ (}ntario, S2,!i.vi,7|il : IJuelice, .ii:i,2.><:!,i'i2:l ; Xcw liruns- wick. S27',i.l;il ; XovaSe.ilia, .$:«i-'>,'.i|.i : tol;il, ,s.i;.o|j,ir,;i. lilack.-inilhiiitt, number— (•iitario,2,sii I ; (Jiiebec. 2,12;i ; Xew lirunswick. I'.IS : Nm.-i Seotia, 7i4 ; total, ii.27.i. Hands ciuiiloyed : I Intario. I.^lo ; l,l's"i : .N.oa Scotia, .1il.s2, 17:; ; total, 81,52,1,41)11. Value of articles prodiieeil; Oiil:irio,s2,72'.i,7iiil;tiuebec,.>l,."v.'',i,- lioS; New liruiiswiek, tol2,'.i:ili; Nov.i Scotia. S.a'.ij.-,I:i ; total, .*j,:all.4id. j Hoots and shoes, iiiiniber— (hitario, l,oii"i ; l^ucbec, l.llo ; New liruiiswiek, I .Till; Nova Scotia, ll-i; total, l,l',il. Hands einiduyed : Oiiiurio, iiniles, • .'i.iMii, females. 7iil ; IJuelice, males, i'i.22:i. feuniles, :;,ri|2 : N. i 'irunswiek. males, iCii, females, ^11 ; Xova Scotia, iiiah-. l.bTi. fee, . i7S ; tot;il, ls,7illi. Yearly wat-'es ; Ontiiri". .sl.."i<;o,os7 ; liucliee, .. ...'ss,'Js."i ; New lirunswick, $27i;.ii7S; Xova Scotia, $:i-i|,nil ; Mtal, .■?l,l.io,s;iii. V;ilue of j raw material ;i Ontario, ;i'2,:Ri7. Ills; (Quebec, ,$l,K'l,c'..'iS ; New lirunswick, ! .st.'io:i,i:il ; Xova Scotia, $ll2,:'i7i; total, .{7,li27,lVi. V.iliie ..f arlichv j prodiicod; Ontario, }),'j,ii2-'>,15.") ; (Jiicbcc, $11.117 1,1S7 ; Xew lirunswick, I $li7ii,l57: Xova Scotia,. il, ii->7,.'i:ili, tot;il,$Iii,l:t:i,i;:i'<. t'.iliiiiel and furni- j ture- number — iiutarin, -"1:111: tiuclice, 2l*i: New liriin..wiek, l-S; Xova I Scotia, -"iJ; total, ,«i,ii75; Quebec, ; .T;'<.5ii,4ld ; Xew lirunswick. .'fil'ij.li'l ; Xma Sc.itia,,>;252.4i;o; total,. *:;,.5so,;i7h, I CardiiiR and fiillinif mills; Xumber— Ontario, l.'.S ; (^m.bee, :i2'i ; Xew j l!runswiek,7il; Nova Scotia, OH ; total, li'io. Hands eiiiployi.d; (int;irio, I .'iti males, 5 females ; (Jiiebec, 474 niales, 72 females ; .New lirunswick. Ins [ males, .14 females; Nova .^eotia, l")."i males, 4:1 females; to|;il, ;,_'24. Yearly wa^'cs ; iiiitiirio. $'i4,iliil; (^iieliee, ■?.">il,72S ; New lirunswick, ■■slS.lsii; Xova .S'liti;!,. ^20.271 ; totiil f 1 lil.:i7il. \'alue of raw material: Ontario, .■f415,ld2; Quebec, .Sl,i«i2.ss5 ; New lirunswick. Jls3,"i47; Nova Scotia,. S21il,;illS: total, *l,SIs,iVi2. Value ofarticles produced: Ontiirio, .■!i5;ili,S57 ; Quebec, $I,2iw,lil5 ; New lirunswick. .>;2.12,ls:i ; Nova Scotia, S274,s;M; total, .J12,2"i:i,7ll4. Ciirpcnters and ,ioiiiers ; Number— Ibilnrio, .5.'i:i; (Jnebee, 1,215; New lirunswick, loo : Xova Scotia. 2lll; total, 2.n'isi. Hands empboed: Ontiiri.i, I,7li2; Queiiec, 2,So:i; Xew liruiiswiek. 211; Xova Scotia, 'ilil; total, .".,los. Yearly wat'es : Ontiirio, .?,5I7,17S; Quebec, $i>2;),2il5 ; New lirunswick, S47.S7.1 ; Nova Scotia. s.l2ii, 12s ; total,. SI. 1114.7 '4. Value of niw material; Ontario, .$117. Hi:; . linebcc. ■*s,;2.;i!i5 ; New Uruni- wiek, J57,4I4: Nova Scotia, .$71,,"i4ii ; total. .SI ,:ili,i.!i2s. Value of arlielesi produced: eninrio. .s;l,2S4,o|; ; (Jiicbce, .$2.ii:i2,2s,'i ; Xew lirunswick, Sl'U,li|0; \ova Scotia, j*27S,10.'l; totiil, .s:),72ii,:t|5. I'arriiiKc-makinic ; .Number— Onlario, 1,421 ; Quebec, S41 ; Ni'W lirunswick, 17ii ; .\nva Scotia, illS; total, 2,il:ii;. Hiiiids employed; Ontario, 4,7ii:i males, 17 femalcH; Quebec. 2, lilt males, 14 females; New lirunswick, 47ii niales, 7 feiiiiilcs: Nova Sc.ilia,42s mules ; total, 7,71is. Vciirly wanes ; Ontario. .>;l,2"ili,7lNi ; tiiiobec,:<4ll4,lis2; New lirunswick . Jb'iii.iisu ; Novii Seotia. ■SI»l,7il5 ; total, .$1, sol ,.5111!. Value "f nw material ; Untario, .$SS7.sil| ; Quebec. ,^:vS2.|."i4 ; New llriinswiik, .^sl.Ull; Xova Scotia, .>i2,sii; ; total, ..?!,:11I7.7:)I. Value ofarticles produced; (Intario, s:i,ii7S.HII ; (iiiebce, Sl,2fi7,7;iii ; Xcw 31 mM ^'t ■;! V ■I- 1 \w\ l\ ill ■''[ '!|W ... Aki .'(i(j Tl TTMrs lllSTOKY OT Till'M>0MlN10X OK CANADA. liii'li; :|!i:i!!;j; I ■■!.' ,.ii;- I ' Mmi/ Eliza, 8SS, (^ucboc to Marseille's ; shij) Three I Belles, ."ilU, Muiitival to Glaso-ow. The follow- i in!i' wore badly damauod IVom the same caxise : i barque Amelia, o48, (^uebei' to Newcastle ; barque Ali.ta, 348, Montreal to Liverpool; ship Pride of Eniiland, l,3r>G, (Quebec to G-reeuock ; ship Pomona, l.lOo, Montreal to Glasjiow ; barque Viola, .")95, INIoutreal to Liverpool. None of r.ruii.Mvick, .■<:ii>i.ri.;i: Nnvi Si'c.iin, .^•Jii|.iij:i : IhImI, SI.'ilO.'J.'M. CiMiper- iii-'c, miinljci— IPiiliiiii), i^Si ; (iiK'l)Lt', 472 : New l!riiij.illl.li'>L'. Value iil' raw material: Ontariii.S'''ll'.ii7ii: i.iiieliei-, slll.l"j;; .N'eiv lliiiii^wii'k. Sl I.IS'i : Nma .', iiiiniber— Onlariii. I'.'3: i^ueliee. •'>'Si^: New liraii.-wiik.'Hi ; Nnva .-^i-iilia, Ai;: total, '.rtl. llaiuls eiiiiilnye.l : (liilariii. tiiales, 111.'!, females. li-Hj;; : (iueliee, males, lii, t'eiiialcs, 1,-17: New lirun.swiek. males,'!, leinales. '2ii3: Nova Scotia, males, S, females, 214 ; tol:il, .'!,S77. Yearly w,i>.'es ; Dntiirio, J27."i,'.iil7 : Quebee, S?M7,7iiS : New I llriiiiswiek, .i!:i".'il-') : Nova Seotia. slil.S:,7. total ,Sliio,I17, \'aliie of raw ' material : I Piitari", sSlo.oU : liuebee, .>V'7,27."> : .\ew liranswiek, snii,li73 ; i .Nova ■Scoliii, .*',il,:C") : tot:il, .*l.r)Sii,li.i7. Value of :irtieles iirmliu'cil : ilntario. .-;l.:i,">ii,IS;) : tjiinbee, SXH.:,'.ilS : New liranswiek, .-jlbiS,:;:!!; ; Nova Si-utia, $l.iS,8.S2 ; total, s2,'iX"i,io'.i, Klour :imi1 t-'rist mills, mimber— Ilntario, !i."0 : Ijiicbee, Sin : .New llrirnswiek. 2:'-'!: .Nova .Scotia, 3111 : total. 2,2;rt. Ilanil^^ emiiliiyeil Ilntario. 2. 7."i',i: lincbee. l.riiK; ; New ISriinswlck, .111; Nov:i Meoti:i. 41il: tot:il. 4.',i',i2. Yearly wanes : Ontario. ?.H3.),il5!l : IJiieliee. $'Jiii.2iJl : New liriiuswick. $Vi,',Ni7 : Nova Scotia. Jli2.tW7 : total, *! ,232.S7'.i. Value of raw material : I lntario.?2-'.iU"i,Sl4 : tjneliee, »S,l:"il,7'.i7 : , New i;runswiek,>Hr,i;.i',iW: Nova seotia. sKili.Jin : total, *32,474.">I8, \'alue of articles |.roiluccil : Mnliirio. S'27,115.7ii| ; liueliec, $'.i,*i7,7n ; New lirunswick, .iil.it"i;i,:t:» ; Nova Seotia. *l,llfl8."')l : total, «3'.i,l:i."i,'.il:i. I-"ounilrics anil iiuicbiiie-workiinr. number— Ilntario, 2'>8 ; (iuebee. Ill: New I'run.swick. .'!l : Nma Scolia. 3ii : total. 4311. Haials employeil ; i Ilntario, males, I,ii71, females, lo : liaebce. males, USiai, fcmale.s, 2: New i lirunswick. linO in:iles ; .Nova Scotia, 4|a males: total, 7,iV"i3. Y'early ! wanes : lliit:irio, $l,r»S7,iil'< : tiueliec, *173,217 : New lirunswick. *2lili,8,')4 : .Nov:i Scotia. $liiS.72tl : tot:il, $2,42.i,SI.\ \aluc of raw material : Ontario, sl..57il,ii'.i3: IJnebec, sriii5,IWI : New lirHii.swick, $h'.i,|i|7 : Nova Scotia, , sU")."l7: tot il, $2.I27,4'.'3. Value of arlieles iirmluceil : Diilario, i sl.iai.sVI : IJiiebcc. .^1,11117. ISl ; New lirunswick, .siiie.O.i'i : Nova Seotia, i S4iW.I22; toliil. .■>7.32ri,"i31. Sailille or Iniriiess-makinir, niiinber— Ontario, Ii7ii : (Jucbcc, 2:!-'i ; .New llmnsivick. ill : .Nova Scotia, liii ; total. 1,1141. 11, mils emiiloyeii : Ilntario, l,7ol niales, l',i females : Qiiebec, .WS males. B females : .New lirunswick, l.Vi m.iles ; .Nova Seotia, 143 males: I total, 2.i'i'',i. Yearly wanes: Ontario, .S4iil,41i;: tjnebec, Slili,37ii ; .New I lirunswick- .*l2.1llli : Nova Scotia, .S.'i-!.3!i3; total, >lli"3,241. Value of raw { imilerial: Ontario, .$732,1131 : Quebec, S272,iiliS : .New lirunswick, s5li,H:il ; j .Nova Scotia, $4s.7iiii ; total, .-il.lM.iiiH. Value of articles iiroilueeil : Ontario, .Sl.i'i-ri,:i'.i'i ; (Jiiebec, .*.'i72,r.li'i ; New lirunswick, $143.11111: .Nova i Scotia, $1114.414: total, .$2,4ii">,.:21. Saw-mills. mimber-Ontario, l,s,37; j IJueliec, l,7os : Niw lirunswick, 5il-"i : Nova Scotia, 1,141; total, fl,2i;i. 1 Uaiicls cmiiloycil; Ontario, males. b'l.MiO, females, 51: tiuebec, ll,SrM ■ males, lli fcm:iles : New lirunswick, 7, i.'illmate.s, 4 females : Nova Seotia, 2,'<."i2 males, li females: total. .')5,iis.s. Yearly wanes: Ontario $2,il7">.31iil : ' (Jueliee, $M!.l-"',ii77; New Brunswick, $l,|oii,)ii2: Nova Scotia, .>!.'lii,n7 ; total,, $ii,iil2,ii|i!. Value iif raw material : Oiitiirio, $7,|lis.2:il : Quebec, ,$.'i.lt;H,7.'3; .New lirunswick, $3 ,74 7, in 13 : Nova Scolia, $7'io,lil7 ; total, .i:lil,7NII,li'<7. Value of arlieles iirmluceii : Ontario, $12,7.1.1.741: (Quebec $li,.i4'<,slil : New Brunswick, ..76li : Nova ,Seotia, $1, 31i7 ,11.37 : total, ,^;iii,2^il,247. Taimci'ies, number — Onlario, 42il : t^uebec, 42ii: New Bruns- wick, lli1 : .Nova S ia, ln'i: tolal, 1,112 llamls em|iloyeil ; Onlario, l,.">il"* males, 111 females : (Jiiebec, I,il7il males, .Mi females: .New lirunswick, .141 males: .Nova Scolia. ."il."' males, 2 females; total, I,2ii7. Y'early wapes; Ontario. $4111,1113: (Juebcc, .$:ilil.7.'i.3 ; New Brunswick, $Hll,4r'7 ; ihe.so mishaps were attended with loss of h. the crews in all cases managinu' to reach shoie. The most distressing marine distister of the year occurred in New foundland. On the •2oth May, the schooner Lidle Belle left St. John, Nild., for Old Pelican, with forty men and live women on board. Shortly after leaving a storm sprang- up, and the schooner becomiiiii' unmanageable Nova Scolia, *122.1iill : total, $I.H'iil,2o|. \'alnc of raw material: iint:irii., $2,l37,.'1.37 : (Quebec, $2.^31.211: .New Brunswick, .$.1.11, olKl; .Nova Seotia, ! $ll:i,41i."i: total, $5,712,1142. \alue of articles iiroiluceil : Ontario. .$3.12.1 - 21.S: Quebec. $ |.:i'.t7 .11111' : New lirunswick, s.5ih;,722 ; .Nova ,S'oti..|, ,$7illi- || (1113: tolal, $li,Wt.li32. Tailors and clothiers, r.nmber - Ont.irio. 1'I2; jl Quebec. ."►■>ii : New lirunswick, >i^l: Nova Scotia, 117 : total. Lrml. llamls '! emiiloyeil: Ont-irio. 2.44-"> males. 3,S13 I'em.ales : tjuebee, 7iiil males. 2,|s7 ■ females; .New lirunswick, :.'il2 males, Hill lemalcs: Nm.i .Sei.iia, 2;;ii j males. :;|ii females; Inlal, ll,iri2. Yearly wanes: Ontario, $1,2)7,111: ■ Quebec, .$:i7><,."ilil: Ne« lirunswick, $|s.'>,2ri3 : .Nov:i Scoli;i.$lil2,71il; total. ! $l.ll23,tKlli. Viilue of raw inateri;ils: ilntario, ?3,117,ilil7 : ijinbc,.. il 1iI.5,S3,liil2: New liiaiuswick, $hl4,lill: Nova Scolia, $-'2il.>i-SS ; lotal. |i ,s.5,31i3,12ii. Viiliic of articles iiroduceil ; Onlario, .$5,42."i,4iJ4 : linobcc, i] $2,riiV' ,111111 : New Brunswick, .$s2il,x.ll ; Nova .. Tin ami sheet iron workinn, number — Ontario, lln : iiucbcc. ■ I 2i;i ; New Brunswick, 1.5: Nova Scolia, 47 : tot:il,71i3. Ihimls emjiloyeil ; [ Ilntario, l,2lll males, 1'. fenmlcs; IJuebcc, '^Ib males, 3 females: .New | lirunswick. Ill males, I females : .Nova .Scotia. 13.3 males ; tot. il. 2,:bi|. Nearly wanes: iinliirio. $.!ilil.':i; : Quebec, $M-"'.|tll ; New linni.-wicU, .s2li,3!ili : Nova Scoli:i. .-;.i7 .mil : tolal, .$.5lii*. liUi. Value of r:iw material ; Ontario, ■$>'li2,32ii: Qinjbec, llil.HU ; .New Brunswick. s.V-;,:i-iJ ; .Nova Scotia. .$ilil. 1 l-'i ; total, $l,I3.i,."«ll. Value of articles |iroiluceil ; Ontario, $l,.i27.- I 2711; Quebec. .$s2l..3lli: New B-unswick. $11.3, II-S; Nov;i .Scotia, «127,";ri; ii totiil, $2.3ii2.ii:iS. Wool cloth makinn, number— Onl:irio, 2.3.3: (Jiiebec, 2.:; .New Brunswick, il; Nova Scotia. >* ; total, 270, llamls emiiloyeil; Hn- lario, 2,lill mali's, l,-'>3."i fcnniles: Quebec. 2ss imiles. 2iVS lemaies; .New lirunswick, in males, -"il fem;iles; Nova Scolia, l.'i males, II I'cmiles: totiil, l,4.5.'i. Yearly w;incs: Ontario, .$7i;i,lill: Quebec, Jiltx.Il'l : New- Brunswick, $17,254 ; Nova Sciiliil, $3o,|.5ll ; total, .$lil7,~*27. Value of raw imilerial : Ontario. $2,7iiil,21.! : Quebec, $.3711,431 ; .New lirunswick, $72,l«iii: .Nova Scotia, .$5H,4liI : toliil, ?3,2I7.lliW. Value of articles iirmlueeil ; Ontario. $l..5v,l,l 111 : tjnebec, #iil)I,li7S: N'jw Brunswick. ;;I2ii.7iKi: .Nova Scotia, *!ili,752: total. $.5,507 ,5|li. Breweries, number— Ont:irio, ln5: ijac- bee. 21' ; New Brunswick, 4 ; .Nova Scotia, 2 : total, 1.17, llainls eiuploycil : 'Intario, 572 males, 4 fenuiles : l,iucbcc. .3lo niales, -.3 Icniiiles : .New Bruns- wick, 21 males ; Nov;i Scotia. Ill males ; lot.-il.oW. Yo.;irly wanes: ilntario. $I74.7ilS: (Jiiebec. $102,13.5; .New Briinswitk, ss.siiU; .Nova .Scolia, $;,.5iKi : total, $:.1i3,l 1.1. Value of raw- maleriiil ; Ontario, .$5>eJ,l,-i7: Quebec, .$:«-i,Uli: New Brunswick, $l2,ss3; .Nova Scotia, . inalc<. 1 lemale : Nova Scolia, 4 males, 1 feinaio: total, 'Xv- Vc;irly wanes: Ontario. $1111.7^3; tjiiebcc, .sV.osil ; .New Uruiiswick. $sso : Nova Scotia, $1,'5ii. Value of arlieles prmlnceil : ilnl.-iri", $.513,IH'i: Quebec, S2,302,li71 ; New Brunswick. $51,|0ii; Novii Sc.aia, $7,.50O; total, $2,S75,liilll. .Meat eiirinn. mimbcr-Ontiirio, loo; Quebec, .ill; New Brunswick, .30; Nova Scolia, In ; lolal. I'.ii. llamls ployed : Ip-li: (JOVKRXMKNT OF LOIM) LIS(iAR— rJUXCIl'AL KVKNTS OF 1S71. 2(17 Wiis run on shovi', the crow ondoavoviim' to savf llu'inselvos I'l tht> boats, but only iivc of the j men succocdeu, and forty men and the five ' womi'ii were drowned. What made the disaster ; more distressing was tliat all tiie men on board, I with one exeeption. were married and had laiuilies dependant on them. The unmarried man was saved. On the lakes and inland i waters, the dama!j,e was comparatively light, the j total number of casuallies being seventy-five, the majority of which were slight, involving iiiitiirii), I'riS mules, ;13 I'l'iiialos : liueliec- SI nulci', 7 l'ciiiiile.< ; New Hriiii.-- \ni-k,5!im:ile.-<, 2 fcmiilc.,i ; Ncivii S('nli;i, .■ill iiialcs. I reiiiiiU' : tn(Ml.«71. Vidiii,' 1)1' nnv iiiiiU'i'ial : Ontiiriii. .i'J.'ilJ.'JiVS ; IJiu'tici', .■~-M.i,l.l2: New liniii>- wick.^ll'i.'-lll; Niivii S.'.>lia..'S-Jl.Hs:, ; (dtnl. .>lJ,!i4L',TSi;. Viiliiu ill articles |.r".|iii'i!il:(liilariii,.«:t.Ili.:,lL'2:l)iu'lii'c.$l'.'!i.71il.-Ni'w Iiriinswii-k,-*M4.47.'! ; .V.na Sculia, !f.i'.',2-l I : liilal..S.'l,7!i;i,;'>52. Vui'.rly wane- ; iliitiii'in, .■ ; tnlal. iil,Iii.i.'J2'.i. Valuu "lartirlcs iiroiliii'eil : (Intarin, .sl,',ii7,liii7 ; (Jiieln'f. .»;>), is.il4"i ; .New liruns- vvk-k,,'?l!Hi,il:HI; Niiva .'•■(■iitia, .s:'.-,;4.l(Ki ; tiital. ,<:i,li;ii,-jrj. Saiili. .|ni,v anil lilinil I'ai'turii'S, numliei— Oiil:iiiu, I"»; ; (iuiliei-. 41 : New liniiiMvii'k. 14 : .N'liva Si-iilia; 11: Intal, 22;;. llalul.« rmplnjcl : Untariii. l..'ilii mail's 2 li'iiiali'.-^: Qiil'Ih'c. ilini inali-s ii li'male.-: Xcw Iiriiii.«wii'k, l.'i7 males 10 I'l'inali's: Xova .Seiilia, lul male." ; tutal. 2,"ii|i. YearLv wane.": (Iiilarin, .•ih."i.Oii'.i: (iueliee, .Sli2,447: Xew IJniiiswiek, .Sll,7:ii: Xuva Seiitia, .s;iM.''iil: tiital, .•ii7:i.'i,71.'i. Value nf raw material: diitarin, .f liSO.S."* ; ijui'liee, 5iWI0,''>ll2: Xew lirmiswiek, $1I),W>.'! ; Xova Seiitia, $S7,2ro; total, sl.iil4.'.'HS. Value nl' artielei- lU'iHluei'il ; Oiitariii. .^1 Sl'i.HiiS : Queljee, >l,17l.'i4'.i; Xew llruii.Mvii'k,.SUl';.'.i4 I ; Xova Senlia..sl7'.l,»"'n: lutal. $3.IK;8,- I'll. Slii|i.v.inl>. niimlier— Unl.iriii. 1:': (Jueliee, 4.'i , New lirun-wiek, 7s ; Nova Sentia. 112: Intal- ':.o2. Ilauil.'^ ciii|ili.,veil : Oiilario, 4iiii : (iuebee, i.h'A: New Hniu.'^wii'k, ]..')ii|; .\n\ a Seotia, i.nr.S : total, il.lUii. Vi'arl.v waws: (hitiirio, .sll'''<,liio : liuelne, .SIil4,''4S : New nrun.'iwiek, .s.'Jlii.iilii ; Nova Si'olia, .s.>:il,Sll : tolal. .<1.4.M,o7.^. \'alue of raw material : Ontario, .sl.ai.llH) ; (iuelieci .■i;.'iiJ7,77.'f : New Druii.-^wiek. 5:4;iS.liS7: Nov;i Seiitia, .?ii'J7,:"i71 : total, $l,7(!.',.'i;il. Valuu ol'arliele> |iro,lueeil : Onlariu, .■?.'V>0,212: ifiioliec. .^i.tel,4I(i : New Driiiiswiek. $l.lJSi;,744 : Nova Seolia, .-Ji.liSl.'.W ; total, .•(;4,4.'i2,"ii2. Stone anil mariile-eutlintr, number — Ontario. 9S; ijaeliee, 47; .New liriini^wiek. l.'l : Xova Seotia. IS; tolal, 17i'i. Ilamls .'iii|il..yeriin,''wiek. .s.'i9,117 ; Niiva Seolia, ,i;21),14."); total, * IS.", ,117 2. Value ol artiele." iirmlueed ; ilnlario, .S4V.i.S'.)l ; (Juehce, .■?4'.iO,7s;; ; Xew lirnnywick, .S77.2.Vi ; Xova Seiiliii..'f44.'.™; tolal. $I,II72,S74. Oil relinerics, niimlier-Ontario, Hi; ljueliee.4: total,. 'p". llaml emi.loye.l ; Ontario, 42L'.S4A.i:i'.'.i ; l^lueliee, .'f2!ii.iKKI; tot.il. $:i,nii4,iii'i!i. Soap anil '•■nello-makiia, niimlier— Ontario, 'iS : (Jnelice. 21 ; Xow lirun.iwiek, 7 ; Nova Si'otia. ti; total, 7.'i. Ilaruls emiiloyeil : Ontario. l.'iO ; (Juebee, '.12 iinile.i, li lemalc.i; New llruniiwii'k, 2'): Nova Seiitia, 24; total, IWl, Nearly wattes; Jiitario, »47,(l!ii; t^ueliee, .$27,372; Xew llrun.'^wiek, *7.'J74; Nova Seotia, .•*S,'.';iii ; total, $8!l.!i7-l. Value of raw material: iiiiiario, $.',ii.-,.i«ii ; (Jueliee, J4M,;ai ; Xew nriin.'-wiek, $8S.18S; Nova .<."iia, .•i«7o,ii.Ml ; total, .Sl,llllii,ia'). Viiluo of artiele.i iproilueeil : Ontario, $.-)24,72(l; (^leliee, j;5.'ia,4'23 ; Now liruiiswiek, Slil7,U0(); the loss of two lives and the destrmtion of about $3011.000 worth of property. 12. — Thi' year 1871 witnessed the departure of the last small remnant of regular troops which had been left to garri.son limi with.irawioi Quebec ; and, after an occupation I'ormation' of •• .v ,. ,' , . * an.l •• li" liatteriesi. ot one hundred and six years, Miiina eamns the British troops were entirely withdrawn from that ancient fortress and its defense turned over to the Dominion authorities. With the excei)tiou of two Infantry Battalions and some Artillery Nova .Scolin, .■i(10;!,710; total. .■Jl,.'i2.'i,8,i.'i. 'i'objieeo workintr, num- ber—Ontario, 42; tjueheo, 2'i : Xew Brun-^wiik, 4; Xova .Sentia,ii; total, 77. Iland.i emiployeil ; Ontario, nniles ,'i.il, female- 4'"ni ; tjiiebee, I'/it males, .V!M feniiilr.-; .New lirun.-wiek, ■'i4 iiiale.*, 'M females; Xova Sootia, Imi males, 1'i2 females; total, 2,21i'p. Yearly wanes; Ontario, .Sl''i7,4i'i; IJiiebee, .■*'2liil,l!i7; .New llrunswick, .ii7.275 ; Xova .Seotia, .^42.2110 ; total, .'?4li7.0'.i-"'. Value of raw nniterial : (Ontario, .sl2l..'iS2; liuebce, :siM),8il.i; Xew Hrniiswiok. ,^l:!,7iKi; Xiiva Seotia. .iliH.Hoii : total. s|.Ili7,7|.''i. Value ppf artieles ipro.liieeil : Ontario, .*p'.o.'''.;:'<7 : tiui'lpi','. .sl.rjil.i^i'p ; New lirunswiek. .$2i'p.Siill: Nipva Scotiii. s-J8S,;-,iiii ; total.$2.i:!"p..;|:!. l>i>liileries, 1 number— Onl:irio, IS; (Juebee, 1; Xova Seotia, 1; total, 2il. Ilamls j em|p|iiyeil: Ontario. 1'21 ; (Juelpi'e, lo: .Nova Seotia, 1 ; total, 1i'p7. \' early I waircs: Ontario, S!70,'<«l; (Jnebee, silii.lKHI; Xova Seotia, .^:1IKI: total, ,'i(18ii,8(ill. Value of raw material: Ontario. •'ii|,l41,ii71 ; (Juebee, ; $i'pO,IKtOj Xova Seolia, .■?-2.iliKi : total, ■?I,-2IH,07I, Value of artielcs ipi'o- ■ lUieeil: Ontario, .S:i,S7.'i,7o7 ; IJnelice. .s2Iii,iMill ; Xova Seuliii, $ii,78i); tolal, : $4,(ili2,'"i.'i7. Knuine buililiiii.', number-iln'ario, li ; (Juelpce. ■'i : Xova ' Seotia, I ; total. 12. Ilamls emiiloyeil : Ontario. •'OS: (Juebee. |.'i7 ; Xova Seotia. 42 : total. I.i«i7. Yearly waL-e.-: Ontario. .>l;in,'i7:; ; (Jueliee, $12il,:«S; j Xova Seotia, .>I2.oiiO; tolal. •-^•''.2s.;ii;i. Value of raw material ; Ontario, .•<2S'.i.l-"iS: IJui'bee, slin-o-'pil; Xova Seotia. .SI l.imi ; tot;il. .^I12.siis. Value : of artieles |proilni'i'.l : Ontario. $ii7l,oiill: (Juebee, >-.'l'i,.'i2.'i : .Nova Seotia, j .■^in.rini; total, Sl,ii|l.."i2"i. I'aiier maniifaelurers. immbei — Ontario, 12; I (Juebee, 7; Xew liionawiek, 1; .Nova Seotia, 1; total. 21. Ilaml.s em- i ployeil: Ontario, '2(i| males, sil females ; ijiiebee, 2.'iii m;iles, MS females; i Niw Hrunswiek, 12 males. :\ females: Xova Seotia, S males; total, 7ii males. 21 females. Yearly wai:es,.iil',il,s70. Value of raw m.ilerial -i7iis.i|Sil. \'alue of artieles pro- I ilueeil, $1,1 1 7, .'ISO. Hollinu mills. U; eaiiployimr 7i'iil males, 2 female.s. ' Yearly waitis. 5241,.''ii«i, Value ol raw material, .SI.HoiMH*!. Value of t artieles prmlueeil. .■2; ,'f,Mi!i.:tri(i i->,"i;i-"pi ;i,i7ii,2(;ii ^i'i-'p,lll,siM .-slake, Captain .lames A. Tory, in Antigonish fSuy, N. S., on 1st Septeml)er, w bile the crew wore actively engaged in fishing within a mile of the shore, and was taken to (luysl)oro', N. S, and placed in charge of the Collector of Customs at that port. A Mr. Thomas Condon was engaged to watch the vessel, but, on the night of the eighth of October .she was stolen from her dock by some friends of tlie owiu>rs — l)y the connivence, it was supposed, of the watchman — and taken to Gloucester, jVIass., to which port she belonged. Tlu' rescue caused considerable excitement at Gloucester, where the wildest thicats of resislance to any attempt to recapture lier were made ; but the Govern- nieiit had no intention of attempting a recapture by lorce, ami, after an investigation of the cir- cumstances of the case, by whiih it was shown that the persons in charge of the vessels had ' l)een extremely negligent, if not worse, adopted the following ( )rder-in-Council, on l^Uh No- veml)er : •' The Committee of Couiu'il to whom was referred the ritiesof the UnitedStates ' will not, under the circum,stances as they exi.st, furnish the owners of the E. A. ILirlon with the paper.s re(juired to make her of any value. The Committee of Council further reeommend that a copy of this Minute, if approved ])y your Ex- cellency, be transmitted with the annexed cm'- respondonce, for the information of the Ifight Honorable the Secretary of State for the Colo- nies." A I'opy of the Minute was accordingly forwarded and the lilarl of Kimberley siauified ; his approval of the course adopted by the Caiuv ! dian Government in a despatch to Ijord Lisgar, under date 15th December, in which he says: " This Government recognize w'ith satisfaction the moderate and diunilied course adopted by your Ministers. Such coiuluct is eminently cal- culated to i)romote and strengthen the friendly i! j.;i m i;:i' Il I I 'I' II I :i I !H '!! ;!! Ill m !ii ;|" I I:, I ii; ' !Tt> Tl'TTLF-yS HISTOIfY OF TIIK DOMINION OJ' CANADA. rt'Iiitions with the rnitcd Slatos Govcrnmfiit which it is tho carnosl (losirc oi' llor Miiji>sty"s Govoviimt'iit, as it musl l)o ol' Ihf D(»iniiiiou (.rovcrnmoiit to see inaiiitiiiiUHl in their full inti'iirnty. Tht> (rovi'niinciit will ciirciully con- sidtM' whothcr the tivcumstaiiLH's ol' tho case require that aroproscntation should ho mado on the subject to the (iovcrnmcnt ol' the Cnited States." Al'tev duly coiisideiiu!^- "the circum- stances oi" the case,"' and consultin;'' the Law Officers ol" the Crown, Karl Kimberley d(>cided that " th(> circumstances do not rcijuire that a representation should he made by Her Majesty"s Government to the United States Government on this subject," and so informed Lord Lisa'ar, ! under (bite loth February, 1872. There were a I i>Teat many people in Canada who did not feel dispo.sed to compliment the Canadian Govern- ment on its "moderate and dii'iiil'ed"" course in allowing a vessel to be stolen irom its custody and not demanding- the return of the stolen property, just as there were many persons wdio did not admire the - moderate and diicnilied "" course - to an insult to the Briti.sh Flag without thinkir.g it worth while to request an apology : I)ut then people were gi'tting accus- tomed to see England, iinder the Gh'dstone Administration, snubl- d by foreign powers ; and the Dominion Government really could not help itself, for the llritish Ministry had shown so decided an inclination to sacrifice Canadian interests to the Inited States, that it was not at all proba1)le it would risk a rupture with that power on account of Canada, and therefore, it was, perhaps, the wisest course for the Macdoiuild Ministry not to demand the return of the Uorlon w^hile it appeared improbable that Great IJritain would support that demand, and ,so prevent Canada Irom being placed in the ridiculous aiul humiliating position which she w^ould have been had she made the demand and then been forced to withdraw it, under pressun} from the British Ministry, as would, probably, have been the case. I.'). — .Vmoust the events of minor importance occurring during the year may be mentioned the commencement of the exten- ,. . sion of the Grand Trunk along ""'"»• '"i|."ri„iHT. the wharves at Montreal so as to have access to the East end of the city and form a Junction with the North Shore and Northern Colonization roads when they were completed. Tho sclienie met with a little opposition from some parties inimical to the Grand Trunk, and special objec- tion was taken to a railway bridge being thrown acro.ss the "Ijachiue Canal at Wellington Street ; but the importance of the project and the increased facilities which the carrying of it out would give for the transfer of freight to or i'roni the West, linally prevailed and the work was carried out. The exhausted condition of France after her terrible conllict with Germany c"uUl not fail to enlist the warm sympathies of those of French descent in this country, and a Com- mittee was formed in Montreal, of which the lion. Judge (.'oursol was Chairman, to receive contributions for the relief of the suH"erers, and a considerable amount was collected ai;d for- warded. A visitor, whose advent had been greatly feared, made its appearance in June in various parts of Ontario, in the shape of tiie Colorado Beetle, but, fortunately, its ravages were not very extensive. This pest had been seen late in the summer of i37<), Imt nut in suIFicient i;i>Lis(iAi;-'ri'Ki"i:NiA\ l.'AII) IX .MANri\)l!A. 1. AuinVAIi OK (rdVERNoU AUt'llI li.VI.D. TllK Dir.I'K'Ur.T T.\SK HK HAD Ti) ACCi iMPLKSII. — 2. WaI.MIANT.S K()U Till", AKinCST f G(ium-:t. No WAKIiANTS Olt Al!l!i:STS. — f). WUV l!K(tt'I-AU TltoOPS SHOULD HA.VK in:KN LEVT IN Fi>KT GAIlIfY INSTEAD OK VOI-UNTEEKS. — (!. TUH WINTER PASSES ({UIETLY. JjETTEK KEEM.VCl TOWARDS THE VOLUNTEERS. — 7. FoKMATIoN OK A POLICE KOHCE. TlIE CENSUS. Loi'AL ELECTIONS. — 8. I.MMKIRATION. LaND TRoU- HLEs. — 9. Discontent ok the French. Return ok Riel. •' General "' O'Neil plots AN " invasion." 10. The Raid a coxtempti- HLE FIZZLE. O'NeIL AOAIN ARRKSTED AND released liY United States ArTH< )RnTES. — 11. GOVER.VOR AuCHIIiALDV PREPARATIONS FOR DEKENSE. — 12. TlIE SECOND MILiTARY EXPEDITION TO liED RiVKR. — 13. s5,0(IO REWAItD KoR THE ARREST OK THE MURDERERS OK Scott okkered hv the Ontario Govern- ment. — 14. FEELIN(t CAKSED AMON'OSr TIIE French hy the action ok the Ontario GOVERMENT. — 15. RiEL AND LePINE ASSISTED KY THE Dominion Government to leave the country. 1. — We will return now to aliairs in ^Ianito})a following the arrival of Colonel AVolseley, as recorded in Chai)ter XVII. The \,.,.,v.,i,,r i,, ,i;,,v position of the Colonel was rather ;l,';;il:i,'i';'';.U'|,'^''i„„i peculiar, as we have already ''""■'"'"i.iisi.. stated, on account of his not being invested with any civil authority, and he was, doubtless, I;) I 1 1 ' \i.^ 'i^m ,M' ( !e)' '( III ' I- 1:1, I 'I I s t: i nil !! 1 Jlilli i) iij if ' 1 1, i: liS-i lii: \r li II I 1' 1 i|:i ! '1' 1 'i t jii j i , iU if' Uih : IhIu TIITTF-K'S IIISTOIJY OK TIIK DO.MI.VIOX OF CANAHA. very ir\i\d to bo ii'licx cd from rosponsiltility by i till' lurival ol' Lt.-CJov. Ai(liil);ild, on lln> 2iul of Si'pt('ml)or. The nnival of tho Lit'iitenaiit- | Crovcrnor hiul l)t'i'n putposfly ck'hiyi'd until afttT that ol' ihc troops ;* aiul he had, niorrON cr, lost a day lookinu' lor th" tcrniiiuis of the road I'rom tlu' North- West An^looi'tht' Lakooi' the Woods, it having been arrani^cd that he should land thore andbi't'scortcdliyapartyoi'thiM itizi'us, to be sent out l)y Hishop Tache to meet him, to "NVinuipes? , ))y the new ly made road ; l)ut his guide could not Hud the landing place, and it was as well he did not, tor the Bishop, who arrived at Fort Garry the day bi'fore the troops, had not been able to raise an escort to meet him, aiul so he would have I'ound no one at the landing. The new Governor was kindly, but not enthusiasti- i (•ally received. The French element was greatly dissatisiied that the amnesty which they had been led to expect had not been proclaimed, and it | needed all the power and influence of Bishop Taehe to persuade them to quietly submit to the new order of thinys without the proclamation of j the amnesty, which they were told was only po.stponed, but would certainly be uranted. The Canadian or " Loyal" party was equally dissatis- fied, ^lany of them had suffered much ^t the hands of Riel, and clamored for reprisals in the • way of arrests and impvLsonraents, which tht; Gov- ernment just coining into power did not see its way clearly to make ; so that Governor Archibald had a very difliciilt task to perform in attempt- ing to affiiliate two distinct clas.ses, neither one of which lould be thoroughly conciliated with- j out giving oH'ence to the other. Added to this, some immigration had already commenced, but •111 hi.i cviilunce before tlio .'Select Ccmiinittci' cm tlio Ciiusos of the 1 .\orlh-\VL'sl ilittii/ullics. Lieiiten:iiit-(iovcnior Ari'liiljulii .-.liil, on ilie I'lth ' .Miiv. 1ST4: "Sir (icornf (Curlier) tolil iiiu he tlioiiitlit I hud heller not arrive before the Ininp.", but that I hml lieilerbo on Ininil iininediately ■iftenvaiils. There wa» a (rood deal of di.«en>.>^ioii as to my route. The ; Ui-[io|i a.-keil lue to bo by tlie Like of tlie Woods. I ,-aid I was williiiK provided I was met at the ^■orlh-\Vl)^it Antfle by a deimtation from all ebisses of the |ieo|ilc. The Iiisho|i's i.ro|iosition was that the Freneh .Metis should meet me there ami cseort me, but I desired that lioth idiisses of .Metis .-liould meet me, that I uii;.dit not enter the territory with one class or parly (Oily. Upon that, the Itishop saiil, ' That should be done.' When 1 went up I therefore made for the Norlh-West Ansle, and went a day out of iny way, but my nuides, under the ehiirge of Mr. Pettier, were unalile I i timl it, ihoiich we sailed a day on the lake in ijuest .d' it : landed on the shore; faileil to lind any traee of the e.xpected eseort : and there- upon we went en by Itat Hortaite and the Winnipeg. We afterwards found that no eseort had been sent" | it was mostly of a partisan character, tho.se who came irom Ontario joining the Canndian p.irty in its demand for the punishment of tho,s(> who had lieen in rel)elli()n, whilst tho.so who were from (Quebec supported the French party in ils cry for amnesty and a general forgetful ne.ss of the past. ]>etweeii the two extremes the Governor tried to steer impartially, and that he was roundly abused by both sides is one of the best evidences of his sivcess ; and the peaceful establishment of law and order, and tht^ restor- ation of public confidence is another 2. — Of course, those who had suffered were anxious for the punishment of Riol and his followers, and warrants for the wiriMinsioriho . ,, ->. 1 /\ ■il '!' 1 '' s^ m 1 .1 ii: sion of applit'd in the reeling atti'inpt have be would 1 and wi3" the abs( I do not the sam writing good de his siipi is very evident) is sure t ness in consequ . ^l{iel, C 1 wiirranl ; thought I way to parties s tioii. I V woukll) might ii while sc to proce who we chargoa' explain*; an amni parties which as fatal under i. of the ci Hall-br. themsi'l not be I 3.— C tlovern Colicilillt"!' nl I hi' I.K'II IliHIMIlHI'. Atipxitlttllt' Kxui'lltivi'l at whic GOVERXMKNT OF I/)T?D LISCiAR— TJIP: FENIAN RAID IN MANITOBA. sioii of the thivo mon who have lied were applied lor and obtained, and have been placed in the hands of contstables. Of course, while feeling runs 8o high as it does at present, an attempt at arrest (if they had remained) would have been met by resistance, and in the end we would perhaps have had to call in the military, and we would have had a world of trouble, which the absence of these people enable us to escape. I do not know whether Bishop Tachc will take the same view, but I hope he will."" Again, writing on the tenth, he says : " I have seen a i;ood deal of Bishop Tachc, who assures me of his support in the views I am acting on : but he is very nervous about the amnesty, and he is evidently fretting at the delay in what he thinks is sure to come. He says there is great uneasi- ness in the French population, and fears the consequences of any attempt to arrest the trio (Kid, 0"Donohue and Lcpine), against whom warrants were procured bel'ore I arrived. I thought it right to press on him that the surest way to avoid any such collision, is that the parties should not l)e found within the jurisdic- tion. I have no doubt that any attempt to arrest would be met with a desperate resistance, which might in\<)lve a great many of the population, while so far as I can learn there is no disposition to i)rocei 1 against any i)erson btit the three men who were considered in a peculiar manner to be chargca1)le with the death of Scott. I have explained to the Bishop that even if there were an amnesty to-morrow, it would not save these parties from possible attempts on their lives which might be attended with consequences as I'atal as the attempt to arrest, and therefore under the present circumstances, in the interests of tlie community, in the interests of tht> French Half-breeds, and in the interests of the parties themselves it would be better that they should not be found in the territory." ;}. — On the day following his arrival the (iuvernor had inserted in the Ntui: Nation (then c.iMo;iininr,v I'lMiist. the only newspajier in the Pro- 111 fill' liii'iiloimiit- . , " , . .Ill 11 ii"uiii.,r. vince) a notice tliat he would Ap|'"illlllll'lltM 111 1,11 .1 • il • , , K.vinmviCimiuii. hold a levcc ()i\ the sixth instant, lit which his Commission, &c., would be read. 82 and on that day In? was waited on by the Catholic and Protestant Bishojis and Clergy, and a nitm- ber of leading business men and farmers of the Settlement. The first impression made by the new Grovernor was good, and although the Opposition press tried to lash the Dominion Government over his back I>y accusing him of partiality to the French, yet his course, on the whole, was highly judicious, and the best possi- ble to re-establish order on a permanent basis. His attention was at once turned to having a census taken so that electoral divisions could be made and an election for the Local House held at once, as it was desirable that the form of Responsible Government, provided for in the Manitoba Act, should be inaugurated as speedily as possible. Pending the election, and in accord- ance with the instructions given him by the Secretary of State for the Provinces, under date 4th of Atxgust, he appointed two members of the Executive Council, leaving the oth'M- offices va(.'ant until after the elections. The two gentle- men so appointed were Hon. Alfred Boyd, Pro- vincial Secretary, and Hon. M. A. Girard, Provincial Treasurer. The following extract from Governor Archibald"s despatch to the Secretary of State for the Provinces, dated 17th of SeptemlKM", will give his reasons for the appointments : " Thinking it was now time to organize a Government, and that I had become sufficiently acquainted with the i)eople to form some idea of the material out of which this coitld be formed, I have chosen a man repre- senting each section of the i)opulation here, and appointed them members of my Executive Council. Mr. Alfred Boyd is a merchant of good standing here. He is a man of fair abilities, of consideral>le means, and very poi>ulur among the English Half-breeds. He was chosen by the parish of St. Andrews (the most popttlous parish in the Settlement) as a delegate to the Convention last winter. While highly esteemed among the English party, he is not ol)noxious to the French. I have appointed him Pro- vincial Secretary. Mr. Marc Ainable Girard is a I'^rench-Canadian from Varennes, lielow Montreal, who has recently removed ht're. He ::.'U !.,i! ff. I: ![!* !>■ .^! w. h ii I I- ;! i<: 274 TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THK DOMINION OF CANADA. V lis is a Notary by ])roft's.sion, has bt'cu Mayor ol' Varcniics, and is a "iontlcman of sonic propLMty, and ol' ii'dod standinLf, and scorns to he tln' noniinot' oftho French party. I have appointed him Provincial Treasurer." 4. — On the ]:Jlh September an event occurred which caused much excitement, and threaten"d lor a moment to disturb the Now.iiTiintsdr pcacc ol the Settlement; out a prompt investigation of the cir- cumstances of the case, and the evident disposition shown to administer even justice, soon calmed the excited feeliniis of the people, and order was restored without any difliculty. A man named Elzeav croulet, vpho had been one of HieTs Councillor.-, and a member ol the " Court-Martial ' which condemned Scott to death, made his appearance in a saloon in Winnipeg, was recounized and chased by a man who had been imprisoned by Riel, and some volunteers belonging to the Ontario Battalion, and in trying to swim acro.ss the lied River was dnn\ned. Xo Coroner had as yet been appointed, and, in the absence of Dr. Bird, who had been Coroner under the Hudson's Bay Government, Governor Archibald ordered an investigation to be held before two magis- trates, Messrs. Robert McBcth and Samuel Hamclin, and appointed Mr. II. .1. (r. McCon- ville. a Montreal lawyer newly arriv<'d in the Settlement, to conduct the case. The examina- tion lasted many days, owing to tlie dilhculty in gettinii' witnesses to testily, and in obtaininn' a clerk to take down the e\ idence, the general impression amontist the French >eing that the investigation was to be used as a sort of Star Chamber, to ol)tain information on which to base a series of licncral prosecutions. Mr. j McConville, in his report to Governor Archi- j bakl. says; — "Some per.sons, as I have since under.-tood, were under the belief that this was j an iiKjuiry held secretly for the purpose of I finding guilty parties, without any considera- I tion of iini)artiality or juistice; hence, the I diliidence shown towiirds us. Proper inter- preters coidd not be found, and some time was lost, in several instances, in trying to procure them for the magistrates (one of the latter understanding only the French language, and the oth(>r ;)referring the use of the English language). I took upon myself to translate, when witnesses undiM'stood both languages, asking them in French whether that which I road in French was their testimony under oath ; asking them in English whether that which I read in English was their testimony under oath. Mr. Mclieth understands tolerably well the French language, and was satislied with the translation so given. Some dilhdont poisons seemed to show suspicions when I was obliged to take the notes in writing for the magistrate.-^. and I must say that notwithstanding the ellorts of the latter they could not secure a clerk for such purpose. One, after writing one-half day, did not return, and could not he found. Another, after writing two days, would not continue, and refused to give his servi'-es to the magistrates." The evidence went to show that Goiilet had been chased by three i)ersoiis. and met his death in trying to escape I'roia them. Two of the parties wore known, a civi- lian and a volunteer, but the third party was not so clearly identilied, and it was proposed to issue w^arrants in blank, to be lilled in when the parties had been properly identilied. This Governor Archibald did not feel justified in doing; and. after the arrival of Judge .b)linsoii, the matter was sul)mitted to him, and he decided that the evidi'uce was not sulHciently strona' to justify the issuing of warrant.s, and, therelore, no ariests were made.* 5. — It would appear from the evidence that • l-'riMici.« (iiHlsclmli .Inlinsnii, iMii'uf tlic .luclgc* ol' tlie SiipciiorCiMirl, ijui'lici). hiiil IjiHMi. proviiiMs In .lui'li ii|ip"iiitiin'iit, Itccuiiler of Itiiin-rlV I.iinil iiiiiliT llie liMvcnimuPtdf till! lIud.^iiirK liii.v Cciiiii'iin.v, ami. nl'", lii.vt'riior .if llu' Distrii't of .As.^'iiiibniii. AI'liT llie imHsiiiri' ul' tlio .M.ihilnim IJill it w^i.-^lliuiinlit iH'c'Cssiii-y to liin u ii I'lill riiimrl cm tlii' h\\\f in luiri' ill tlie 'I'l'rrilnr.v .it tlie tiiiio iif Iriiii-rcr liniii llu' llii.lsiiiiV liny C piiiiy, iiMiiilcT tliiil Ai'l.« limy Ijo iptriicliii'cil nt tliu lu'Xt .-c.-'.-'idii "I I'lirliiiiiioiit ii.-siinil.itiiiK, ii.« fur us pi.^sililo. the >ysieiii cpf Criniiiwil l.inv iiii.K'nniiiiiil I'l-.ii'lirc in .Miiiiiluliii In lliiiso ot tlio citluT I'r.iv iiuTS. iiii'l .liiilu'i' .liiliiisun wii- jcluch'.l II,- Ihf miHt iMinpi'ti'iil pcr.-oii In pi'rfnnii tlif .^•iiii'e. lie Wiis irr.llllccl iMic yeiir's Icuvc nl' .lli.-elu'i' IV till' IJiiche.' Ili'iieh. .Mr. 'I'. K. KiiiM^iiy heiriL'iipp.iinl.',! In iiel in Ills pliico. ami liy mi UiileriirCniini-il pa.-«'il .in 'Jnih Aiiunsl, IsT", was iiiaili! n CcunniissiniRT Inri'iHirl nil the liiivs, in-, liyii siib-c.|ia'nl Onlcr. pas-nl KSlli Se|iliMiilic'i-, (invi'i-iinr Arcliilialil \vii» aullinrizeil Inappninl .Iiidtti' .Inlinsnn Ke.'niiler nl' lliuTcrritnry Inrnieily kimw us Uiiperl's l.iiinl, ttliiili he iieennliiialy ilicl. fiOVFJ?N^rEXT OK F-ORI) LISGAl?— TIFK FENIAN HAII) TN MANITOP.A. the e)ids of jiistice avoiv made somowhat sub- whv reu'iihir tn.ni.s spi'vit'iit to iiecessity in this case, ■ iMi':!;l(!!;irvi;i"i!^ui lo^ there was no doubt but that "' -'"'""^'•■- the death of G-oulot was caused l)y these three men — who liclong't'd to the C'aua- ! dian or "Loyal" party — Imt it was felt that ill the excited state of inil)lio feeliun' to have made anij arrest would, iu all probability, have precipitated a conflict between the two natiou- : alities and relia'ions which would have been j I'ar more disastrous than the risinu- of the previous winter ; it was, therefore, de(>med more expedient to defer any action in the matter until popular feeling should have become more quiet. The fact was that the shoi't-sighted policy of the British Grovernment, in its haste to withdraw the troops from Canada, of immediately recall- [ ing the regulars and leaving tlie volunteers as ' the only military force in the Province was i already beginning to bear evil fruit. The French Half-breeds did not tousider that they had e\er rebelled again.st BritLsh authority; j but, on the contrary, that they had only asserted their rights as British subjects to a voice in the : management of their own atl'airs by resisting I the encroachment of Canada on those rights, I and that they would not have obtained those \ rights had they not taken up arms against I Canada. They laid down their arms when they thought that the object for which they had been taken up was accomplished, but the presence of Canadian troops amoiigst them, and the delay in proclaimiuii' the amnesty made them feel that they were being treated as a conquered peo])le, and there was a very decided inclination amongst them to again tak(> up arms and " fight it out." To regular British soldiers there could not have been any objection taken ; and it was hoped that the portion of the (10th. which was sent up, would have been allowed, at least, to remain for the winter; but no amount of repre- sentation on the part of the Canadian Crovern- nient could convince the British Ministry that the interests of peace would lie best served by allowing the regulai's to remain a short time at l'"oit Crarry until order was perfectly restored, and they were brought back to(iiiel)ec to spend I the winter there to no purpose, when their ]nvsence would have been of great advanlauv in the North-West. It must be remembered that the majority of the volunteers were I^rotes- tants, and a large proportion of them Orange- men, who made no secret of their desire to •' aveniie the murder of poor Scott ;" that they had neither the training nor steadiness of regular troops, and that many of those who had been I imprisoned })y Kiel and forced to submit when they had not force enough to resist, were now very anxious to avenge their wrongs and incite the volunteers to a rupture with the French party now that theEnglish party was the stronger of the two. The majority of the volunteers were quiet and orderly, but, .lufortunately there were some turbulent spirits amongst them, and as grog-shops wen> altogether too numerous in Winnipeg, there were several " rows," so that, after the death of Croulet, Colonel Jarvis thought it most prudent to stop the leave of the Ontario Battalion for awhile, and prevent their going into Winnipeg at all. G.— Meanwhile Kiel. 0"Donohue, and a num- ber of their lollowers had established thi'mselves at St. Joseph, just across th( boundary line, and were secretly ir.HVii';!'i.,w'i"i7tiie rin' winter piisnos icliy. I' iMinii I')v plotting for another rising after ^"'"""^'■''"• the winter had sc't in. and no liel]> coixld be expected from Canada. A meeting of aboiit forty of the disailected was held at River Salle — where the first opposition to Mr. Macdougall had been planned — on the night of the 17th of September, four days after the death of Goulet, at which Riel and Lepine were supposed to have been present; but, although threats were freely ' indulged in, and a company of volunteers was sent to the frontier to protect it aaainst the threatened raid from St. Joseph, no rising took placi\ and the winter passed iu peace and quiet. After a little while the volunteers and the nihabitauts i beiian to get on better terms with eaeli other, although the correspondents of some Canadian ' newspapers — especially the Nouvenit Mniule and Olobt: tried their best to spread ill-feeling l)y j exaffijeration and misrepresentation of the con- duct of the volunteers on the one hand, and ridi- ; 1 I. i|i IV 1'»t ,1 ' \ it^ I ,1: ill ■\\W'' ' ' 'i > i' ' < I; i 11 i I '!: ill :li!i .! ::i ■•I ■ '1 I. .■ Mh TCTTUrs HISTORY OK TIIK DOAriNION OF CANADA. culiugaiul Ix'littU'iiig- tho French Half-breods on iho other, A I'ler the volunteers irot fairly sett led ill Uieir winter !' eiii|>loyiiit; ilieiti wa." Kiveii iiii. Tliey a.-koil S'i.'iHii ila.v liesii|e.-< their r.ilinii:;, ami .-lijiiihite'l that they slmuM he alluweil tit roitiain at their hnine.'t. They ileeliiied to wear a uniltirrii. atel seeiueil to i-on.-^iiler that the fuet ot" their lu-iiiK itoliciMiien Wit.-^ sutlieieiil in it-ielf to entitle the.:! to liiyli pay aial a releaso from tlu' oniinary duties id their olliee. Tlio.'^o who volunteered were iiriiieiiially Freiieh IlaU'-lireed-.''— f.,;,-,,v/i,„i,^ii,-, 'Dirnnh, (,'ln/„ .'2fllh fSiiilni'Ur, I»"(l. liiiinitrration. I.'iiid tronliles. were whites, 5-")>* Indians, 5,7.")7 French Ibill'- brc'ds, and 4,083 English Half-breeds. Rcli- gions w^ere divided — (!,'247 Catholic; ;'>.71(i Protestant. Nearly the whole population wmv ; British subjects, there only being sixty-two j citizens of the United States, half of whom ] were born in Canada and had become natural- j ized. Of the 1,565 whites, 747 were born in [ the North- West, 2'M in Canada, ()!» in the United States, 125 in England, 240 in Scotland, 47 in ; Ireland, 15 in France, and 28 in other countries, i Immediately after tht» completion of the census, writs were issued for the local election, wluace was restored.* ' licivcrnor Arcliilialil in his " .MciiKinimlnm rcimiei'tcd willi tlu' I'l'iiinn Inva.-'iKii nl' Maiiilnliii in Oftnlier. 1871." givua llio fullnwing iHTiiunt of tlii^ (litlifnlty, to wliieli, to sonio c.Ktcnt, lie tilti-ilnitcs tlie lV:nan rtiiil of the lollitwiuf; tli-toher :— " AVIien the vitlnnd'or.-* i';tnic to hu (li.'^hjinili'il, iinil wcro thus IVet'ii I'rnin all restraint, tlic hatred of the Itto ela.-se.'t o.xhiliitcil it-^elf more ami more. Some of the inimiKrants Inau Ontario ."hareil tlio feclinirs of the ilishanilo'I volunteers, ami aeteil in t'oneerl with them. A hody of Kreneh llalt-hreeds had matle ;i solee- tion of a traet of land at Uii^it n iiii.,- /«/r(» ./.• llniM : some (d' them had made farms, or at all events enclosures, at that iplaee. There was .almn- daure of land elsewliero e'lU.illy jtoiid. hut the how-eomers preferred this s|)ot. They entered on llio {.T'-ahd using the Governor for his alleged par- tiality towards them. Some of the volunteers did not hesitate to declare that they had taken an oath before leaviim' Ontario to avenge the murder of Scott, and to shoot any Frenchman who was in any way implictited in his death ; and as a sort of challenge to the Ciilholics. an Orange Lodge was formed, and the 1:2th of July celt>brated by a procession, with party badges, tunes, Ike. About this time Kiel returned to his home, and was warmly welcomed liy iiisold friends.* He had been spoken of as a citiididate for the House of Commons for Proventiher. but had been persuaded that his election would ))e usele.ss, as he would either be shot or expelled the House. Aft(»r the return of Kiel, and the atfair at Riviire mix Is/els //e Bois, the temjier of the French began !o get sullen. They recogni ;t>d the fact that the large immiaration from Ontario would soon sweep away their political majority, and that the Province woitld be ruled pretty much as the new-comers pleased, without any ' regard for them ; and they began to grow uneasy at the long delay in prcclaiming a j general amnesty, which no araiiment could I persiiade them it was not in the power of the Canadian Government to grant. Several meet- ings were held in the French parishes, and the subject of another rising in the i'all was discu.^sed. Meanwhile, the irrepressible •' General ' O'Neil was again meditatinu' a " raid "' on the i^ocket- books of the conlidinn' servant -girl. -i of New York, ar 1 followed his usual game of planning another " invasion "' ofC'aiuulii. this time selecting the far away Province of Manitoba, the warm I'rench. neutrality w-s the utmost that could have hecn counteil o at this tnoment we had a carrison ol' only ciuluy men to ilel'end ; military stores at Fort Harry and to preserve the peace of I continent hesides." •'•After a. painful illness i-onsequcnt on hissulfcrimrs and priv Kiel returne-l to his home, three days ajro. lie is still sutl'erint;, exhaustet'. His friemls.aml even his former political adversari calliio' losee him In crowds. So soon as tlii^ news is known amoni Ontario people they will commence the exciteuieid apaiii." IJishop to Sir Heonte K. Cartier. lith of May, IH71 . ri.an.l ill our naif a iitioris. ill ami es, are _'st the Taehf'- 1 ; 'I ' 1 t Si I [ H 1 <^ ■'■! :f i| ml I. I ■ !i t^ II Ii 27S TrTTfiKs irisToitY or tfik dominion of panada. ' 'f i;i! ■ '.ni receptions lio had received in Upper and Lower C'liniida on his previous visits in ISOG and 1870, not, eiKoiiriiniMii' him to ti'y cither of these J'roviuccs auain. At first siiiht his plan seemed to savor more of tiie temporary sixceess than either of his lornicr etforts; lor he was almost certain of reccivinu' a friendly reception from the French Ilalf-linv'ds, while it was doubtful whether the Enalish Hali-])rc(Hls were so much in love with Caniuhi as to light on her hehalf, and the bulk of the volunteers havinn' been withdrawn there was reall.v very little material frctm which he need exju'ct a vigorous resistance. Added to this he had an ample supply of men within easy distance, for there were two railways under construction in Northern Minnesota at the lime, on which several thousand men, mostly Irishmen, were engaged ; and these, together with the non(le.scrii)t class nenerally found hovering about the frontier towns of the West, and the scum of the large cities, gave him an aliundance of men for his purpose. Of arms aiul ammunition he had a fair supply, for the United States Government had kindly returned what had been seized l)y their troops after the last raid. With cinumslaiices so much in his favor it is not . iirprising that O'Neil was easily persuaded l)y U"JJonohue to try one more invasion of Canada, and that rumours of Fenian concentrations of men and arms near Pembina and other points on th(^ frontier, began to be current in Manitoba during September. 10. — Th(> "head and front" of this new move was \V. B. O'lJonohue, Kiel's ox-Treasurer; and .fiij, ^,,j,, ^1 he claimed that the attempt was ll';viii;;r'!i'n'.'m':'u.d "ot intended as a Fenian move- r'Mit'.'i™r,r;'''' ment at all, but was simply """""'"'■'■ meant as a continuation of the rebellion of "()9-70, and that Kiel, Lepine and the other leaders were cognizant of what was intended, and were prepared to lend their assist ance to the movement.* On the other hand Grovernor Arc hibald, Bishop Tache and others testified to Iviel's oi)position to the raid, and his exertions with his fellow-countrymen to deter • S|.(! W. li. ir|t.irii.liiii-V letter tn Siiciikcr ••( Ilnii.-c nl CniniiKin^. them from assisting it. The evidence, however, w<' must admit, seems to its a little partial, ;iii(l there do(>s nut appear to be any reasoiuilile arounds for doubt but that Kiel favored the move- ment at first, and that it was only after the r;iid was over, and the I>rave O'N'eil had fur the tiiird time sought safely in the arms of an United States Marshal, that Kiel suddenly remembered his loyalty and oll'ered his services, and tliose of .some two hiindred Metis to (iovi-rnor Archibald. The "raid" took place on the otli of October, and was a more contemptible liz;de than either of its predecessors. At hall-past seven o'clock in the morning " Generals " O'Neil, Curley and Donnelly, and ( )'Donohue, with thirty-five followers, appear(>d at the Hudson's Bay Company's post at Pembina, which tliey took possession of, but immediately afterwards a squad of United States troops under Culoiiel Wheaton arrived at the i^ost and captured all the " Generals " and ten of the " army,'' the balance, led by O'Donohue, showing to what good service stout legs can be put whiMi craven hearts promi>t the running. 8o ended the "raid.' Not even a blankcartridge was wasted, nor was there th(> slightest oi)portuiiity for the most gushing reporter to get up even the mildest ''sensation" report of it. O'Donohue left in such a hurry when he heard that the United States troops were coming that he forgot to take his cloak and overcoat. He was taken prisoner shortly after on the Camulian side of the line by some Half-breeds who, (>ither throuuli iiiiiorance or desiun, took him into United States territory and surrendered him to Colonel Wheaton, who promptly discharged him, as he had been caiitured in Canadian territory. The prisoners went through the farce of an exam- ination before United States Commissioner Spencer, and wi're liberated as speedily as possible, on the plea that there was no evitlence that the oll'ence charged — breach of the neutrality laws — had been planned in Minne- sota. O'Neil, finding thai the United Sliiles officers really meant to do their duty promptly this time, saw that it was useless to make another attempt, and shortly after returned to the East. COVKENMENT OF T-ORn I, I S( J AT!— THE FMINFAX UWU IX MANITOMA. ■270 I 11. — As to the prcimrations miuU' to repel the iuvMsioii, had it heiome nerious, we may say that Governor Archibakl liacl , i,ni«ii:iiinns lor l)eeii aware ol (JUoiiohues cle- l| ' "^ ' sign lor some ti.m', and had been '! making very strong eflbrts wjtli the Catholic 1 Itiuy to induce them to use their inlluence with Rii'l and his followers to unite with the Government in its etlorts to repel the invaders ; and had also issued a proclamation, on tiie 3rd of October, setting forth the danger with which i; the Province was threatened, and calling upon ! '■ ail our said loving subjects, irrespective of ' race or religion, or of past local differences, to rally round the Hag of our common country," and to assi-mble at once in thoditlerent parishes ; and enroll luider local officers. The Canadians ! and English Half-breeds responded very ! promptly to this call, and about nine hundred I men were speedily enrolled ; but the French held back, and it was only on the 8th — after he 1i;kI heard of the ca])ture of ')"Neil & ("o. by Colonel Wheaton — that Governor Archibald was inlbrmod that some two hundred of the j]htis had assem})led at St. IJoniface, across the Ki'd liiver from Fort Garry, and desired to oiler ■^ Iheir services. H(; crossed the river in company with lion. j\Ir. IJoyal, and was introduced to the lenders, amongst whom were Kiel and Lepine, j shaking hands with them ;ind thanking them !i for their tendered service, which was accepted, and about fifty of them were detailed to ay the United States troops ; then he could oH'er the Governo. his .services Just when they would not be needed. 12. — The effi'ct of the news of the raid in Canada was to cause a second expedition to be hastily fitted out, to take the place of those volunteers Wiio i-\|.r.iithm t.. lUti had l)een recalled during the summer, and an Order-in-Council was passed on the 12th of Octobi-r, providing lor the immediate despatch of 200 men to reinforce the two service companies in Fort Garry.* It was well known before the expedition left that their ser\ices would not be lU'eded to liiiht the Fenians, as there was no probability of the attack being renewed, but it was si-en that the f>rce left in the Province was too small, and that a larger body of men was needed until order should have been perfectly restored and the Local Militia thoroughly organized. For the latter duty Lieuteiumt-Colonel Osborne Smith, C.M.G., Deputy Adjutant-General of Militia, Commanding Military District No. 5, was ordered to proceed to Manitoba, by way of Pembina, at once, to take C(. r.mand of the new Military District to ])e formed, and also to meet the expedition at the North-West Aimle of the Lake of the Woods. The expedition was formed oii the same l)asis as the previous one (except that there were no regulars), 100 men being taken from each Province, — and it is worthy of notice that far more than the neces sary number volunteered in each district, so that good selections could be made, and so promptly was this done that in live days after • 'I'ln' tntiil iiuiiilicr 111' the inriM' wiis 2 Caplains. 'Z Liuiiti'iMiiils, 2 l':h.-iKiis. I Siiri-'e iMl.litiiiniil Killi-nu'ii. "iTf >iilisi'i|iii!nUy Mil. to. 1. in.ikiriK tlie tuliil strciiiflli «( the cxi. edition, in uttWerf iinil mun, 'MM '\S\\' I'^l. 1 tl I i lip ill 111,1 i'i 111 I 'I II! 'T r lillli Mi ii ::. [ H^' 11 11 Mii i' I 2S0 TUTTLKS HISTORY OF TIIH i'OMIN'ION OK t"ANAl>A. the Onlor-iii-Coiincil hnd boi'ii passed, the oflictTs coiiimaiuliiit;' I In- scvtM'ul Military Dis- tricts ivpoitt'd that tlioir C()iitiiii>oiits wcro ready, and woe l^'iuii- forwarded to Colling- W'ood at once, at wiiieh plaro the \vhoK> Ibrce, willi the necessiiiy military stores, c(jvipmont and supplies lor the exi)edition was l /meu- trated by the 2iith. On the i'oUowinn day, at 4 oVlock p.m.. the whole lone, with most of the supplies, embarked on the Chicora for Thun- der Bay, under eommand of Captain (now Lieutenant-Colonel) Thomas Scott, the senior ollicer of the expedition. It reflected ureat credit on the Militia Department that, in very little more than a week from the date of the Order- in-Coun of the previous expedition ; but th(> men bore with ami overcome theiu with the utmost good will, laughing at the most serious obstacles, and manfully lighting onwards, every man seeming to be alive to the great importance of getting through quickly, and reaching' Fort Clarry before the winti'r linally closed in. The expedition arrived within twelve miles of the N'-rth-AVest Angle of the l.,ake of the AVoods (m 12th of November, when the ice ' ;?came so solid that there was no hope of advancing fiarther by boats, and the Hot ilia was put into winter quarters and the men marched across the ice to the road to I'ort Crarry. Colonel Smith had joined the expedition at the mouth of Rainy River on the llth and led it into Fort Garry, whi<'h place was reached at mid-day on the ISth, the distance from the Not th- West Aiigle of the Lake of the "Woods, 110 miles, having })een marched in four days and a half, and the whole journey fromColliiiu'- wood to Fort Garry made in twenty-eight days, without the loss of a man, or a serious accident of any kind, in sjnte of the most tryina' weather. Colonel Smith says in his report, '• From lirst to last the weather was of the most unfavorable nature ; rain, snow, intense cold, and violent gales alternating in rapid succession, presented all obstacles that the commencement of winter season in the.se hiuh latitudes oilers to the progress of troops."' The Red and Assiiiilioiiic rivers were both frozen over before the nu'ii reached them, and were marched across on their way to the Fort. lo. — Three Half-l)ieeds were arrested lor jxirticipation in the attack on the Hudson's Hay Company's post at Pembina on .+,'i,()iKirt»,ir.ir..i tijc the 5th of October, and tried for 'mmMiivrs'ot s..it tri'asou at the (Quarterly Court linvuinmiMt. opened at Fort Garry on 17th of Novi'mber, 1H71, Judge Johnson presiding. The men tried were R. Villeneuve, the evidence against whom was not very clear, and who was found "not guilty" by the Jury ; Andre Jerome St. Matthe, in whose case the Jury failed to agree; and Oiseau L'Eutendre, who was found guilty and sentenced to be hung on the 24th of ]<'ebruary, 1872, but was pardoned. The result of these trials, added to the arrival of the volenteers, served to convince the French Half-breeds that playing at treason might jirove a dangerous game, and no attempt at further disturbances ,ii:''i (iOVKHNMKNT OF l-OIJD LIS(iAFf— THK FENIAN FJAID IN MANlToHA. 2S1 was made during the winter. Witii tlio no^' yrar came another causu of tlaiigcr. not from an uiu'xpectod source, whicli for a moment created i^reat excitemeni and threatened to be the moans 1)1 a IVcsh outlnvak. It will bo rocolloetod that hotJi in the House of Commons and in the ()iitario Leiiislature the Opposition hadondeavor- ed lo pass a vote of censure on the Dominion Government for not endoavorinff to bring the ■| murderers of Scott to justice ; and, also, that the Government o'' *ho Hon. John Santield Macdonald had ))i'en defeated in Ontario and a now Ministry formed by the Uelorm i)arty under Mr. 151ake. The cry for veiiiionce on the murder- ers of Scott had been made to do good party duty during the election, and to the bitter sectarian ji feeling thus engendered was ))artly due the i' defeat of the Government. On his accession to olfice, on the I7th of December, 1871, Mr. Blake did not lose much time in briiminu' the subject of Scott's murder again before the House, and I on the 18th of Febrviary, in Supply, an appro- : priation of $.j,000 was voted to be offered as a [ reward for tht; arrest of the murderers of Scott. Tlie C(mnt' of Middlesex also offered a reward, I and it was expected that these rewards would lead to an attempt to cause me arrest of the l)arties principally concerned in thi' murder of ' Scott. The fact that Kiel and Lepiiie wore allowed to reside quietly at their homes, without any eii'ort being made; to punish them, was made the occasion of violent attacks on Governor Archibald and the Dominion Government by the Opposition press of Ontario, which, for party purposes, and to secure the Orange vote c.i of Kiel and Lepino was most i?,'';i,'';:,',',i,',;,';;;'',T,e intense, and meetings were again "'"-i" "—""""»•• held for the purpose of advocating resistance should any attempt be made to arrest them. The temper of the people, and th(> coiulition of afl'airs in the Province, is fully expressed in the following extract from a letter from Lt.-Governor Archibald to Sir Geo. E. Cartier, under date 24th February, 1872: "I have had a rather anxious time since the intelligence arrived of the rewards offered by Middlesex County Council and the Legislature of Ontario. Intense excitement prevailed for awhile among the French Half- breeds. On the point of blotting out the past, there is little or no division among them. I'^ven those of them who did not side wnth Kiel and the men of the movement, as they are called her(>, look upon the question of punishment of the otl'onders as one of race, and would consider an attempt of the kind on any of these people as an attack upon the whole. I had learned privately, through the instrumentality of the police, that immediately after the arrival ol' the telegraphic news, meetings were held in eai'h * " TiiiR-. till' iriTiit iMircr nf cvil>.. will mh.ii inlin ilnwn the iU'pieiicn- .(>mi\I(>x of Canada. Ficmh parish on thi' sul)jcrt. and that then' was but one rcclinii' amoni;' the p('()|>l(' on ihc snhji'ci. ThfV (Iftcniiiiird ilial tlif parties against whom the V'.'Wards wi-if dirccti'd should ivraain in the country, and that the people should protect them by an armed I'orce against any attemjit to arrest them. I tear very niu' the people ol' the country, but among the small band ol' lawless men, idlers and roughs who infest the taverns of Winnipeg. These men have no inlluence except for mischii'f, but they might light a llame it w(>uld be hard to extinguish. I'or a few days 1 felt the dangt>r was extreme. The only possible way to avoid a serious outbreak was to lict rid of the two men whose presence in the country formed the pre- text for the action of the rou<>hs at "Winnipeg." 15. — We have said that the action of the Ontario Government was not altogether unex- pected ; and steps had been taken Kiel iin.l l,.;|.inc i . i i-, • • ,-. ii-suir,i In the l)y the Dominion (jrovernment to iiitn; In iiavc iiic render that action innoxious as ruunlry. far as disturbiiui' the peace of Manitoba by attempting the arrest of Kiel was concerned, by providing for the withdrawl of Riel and .Lupine to the United States for awhile, until the excitement had blown over. It seems ciirious that the Government of the Dominion should not only connive at, but actually assist, the escape of criminals from jiistice, while the Government of one of the Provinces should see fit to offer a reward for the apprehension of those same criminals; but it must be remembered that the circumstances were peculiar in every respect. The Dominion Government was a ('<«dition one. the main strength of which was the French Conservative members froinC^uelxM — or, to be more exact, Sir Georuc Iv ('artier. who represented that party: the Quebec mi'inbeis were almost unanimously of oiiinion not only that no prosecutions for anything arisinu' out of the trouldes in the North- West should take place, biat that the Imperial Government should be urged to urant a complete amnesty lor past olfeiices : on the otiier hand, a number of l lie Ontario syp|)orters ol the Government were ( hangenien, who not only ojiposed the granting of an amnesty, but were williMi; — to put it \ mildly — 'hat the ring-leaders of the insurgents should bo tried for the murder of Scott. To conciliate these conllictina- opinions so as to maintain the (rovernmeiit was no easy task. To advocate the graiitinu' of an amnesty was to lose the support of the Ontario members and court certain defeat ;* to initiate criminal proceedings auainst Kiel and his followers was to alienate the Quebec members, and. probably, jtrecipitate I a war of reliii'ion and races in whi(-ii the French and Irish Catholics of all the Provinces — for a war of this kind could m-ver be confiiu'd to Manitoba once it broke out — would be arrayed against the Protestants, and the ultimate result of which would be the destruction of the country. To avoid both these dilHculties Sir John A. Macdonald adopted a temporising policy, dealing with the amnesty question as one which was impossible at present, but would be satis- factorily settled '• by-and-by ;" and simply taking no action in the matter of prosecutions, and when other parties proposed to do so, furnish- ing the means for Riel and Lepine to disappear for awhile until the excitement had subsided. On the morality, or immorality of this policy we make no comment, contenting ourselves with stating it ; it served its i)urpose for the time, but, even as a mere party measure — leaving morality and justice out of the question altogether — it is very questionable whether it • '• When I ^piiki' to .Sir .h'hn A. Miicdonnld mi tlic .<\ licen iir'Miuisc.l. but he saiil ' .Vn linvern- iiien' ciiuhl -tanil nii that ijin-tiiiii.' 1 tnld him there had lieen iirnini.'^es of amnest.v f'reiaiited — and have lel'i the question ol' punishment lor the murder ol' Scolt entirely to the Couits, and the action ol' [irivate prose- cutors it' they desired to take any. That would, at least, have coiiciliati'd one party and the Government would have hoeii stronger on its appeal to tiie country in 1S72, when it was so weakened that it only needed the («//// de Grace ol' the I'acilic Scandal to drive it iiiiiominiously Irom ollice. As the case stood, however, w hen the Untario (Jovernment oHered its reward there was no other course to pursue than to induce Ki(d to run away again, as he had done once bel'ore, and so save lurther trouble. Nei>otiations had already been entered into between Archbishop Tache and Sir John A. Macdonald, before the Proclamation ol' the Ontario Government, lor the withdrawal ol" Kiel from the Province on account ol" his being spoken of as a candi'' ile for the House of t'omnions from I'roveiiclier at thetieneral I'ilec- tion.and it was thoimht that his presence would cau.se trouble; l)ut the oiler of the reward has- tened his departure. Archbishop Tache left Manitoba on the :23rd of Si'ptembi'r, 1871, and, consequently, was not in the Province at the time of the Fenian Kaid. lie proceeded to Canada, and while there had several interviews with Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Greorac E. ('artier, who urged him to use his inlluence with Kiel to induce him to leave, which he linally consented to do, on condition that some- thing was given Kiel to support him, as he was a poor man and had a mother and three sisters dependant on him. This was aureed to, and Sir John sent him a draft for *1,U00.* The •d'rivMic uimI sdii-tly (Vpriri.lenliiil.l ■■ mr.wi I, Dccenilicr 2Ttli. 1H71. " .Mv I>KMt I. null .Am iliu.sHin'. — I liitvf I icon .-ihU- tn miikc Ilio arriiiiKC- liicnt rcriiMlicalty fftiiy lunntiily nr 'luarterly) iiinl iw.t in ii lump, iitlicr- uisc the iiioiicy wtuiM lit' wiisted amt our ciiil)ari'a..'i>iiiuiit liut^in again. 'J'lie payiiR'tit sIkhiIiI spreati ii\»-ra year " Hulicvi' nil' your (Jr.-ico'.'^ •' W'ry iiliudiuiii ."(.'iviint, " Ili-K dracL' "(Sinncil,) .ImiN A. MArniiNAi.D. "Till' ArcliIii>lioii tif I "St. lioiiiliu'c, Montreal." Archbishop returned to St. 15onilace on the Itith of January, IH72, aiul shortly after opened ne<,''otiations with Kiel for his departure. U'iel pretendetl relucliince to lejive, and wanted better terms than the Archbishop could otl'er him. Before the iiuestion of his leaviim had been decided, information was received that a rcwaitl had been oll'ered by the Ontario (rov- ernment, and I.ieuteiiant-t Jovernor Archibald at once opened neiioliatioiis with Archbishop Tache to get Kiel ar.d I.epine out ol the way. After .some little haugling it was decided that they shinild have ij 1.(100 each to "O, and provi- sion should be made for their families during their absence, w hi< h was not to be le.ss than a year. The moiii'y ( CiiOO stg.) was advanced by Mr. Donald A. Smith, of the Hudson's l?ay Company, and the men went to the United States, thus remo'ing any cause of immediate anxiety on the urouiid of arrest. The Province then lapsed into a state of quietude, and then' we will leave it for the present. CHAPTIii; XXIV. GOVKR.XMKXT OF I.Oi.'l) I.I.-idAl!. — FIFTH SKS.SIOX. FIK.ST I'ARLIA.MKNT. 1S72. 1. OpEXINO OV PARI.IAMi:Xr. Sl'EEClI E1!0>[ THE TiiKDNE. New ME.MiiEi!.<.— 2. Deisate I I.N THE AODlfESS. — 3. Pl!< iTECTION T( > MA.Nf- F.\('Tri!li\G IXTEIiESTS. — 4. Mu. JONES (LeEUS) REUUESTS riiOTEi'TIiiX EOR THE EARMEll AS WEI-I, AS THE MANfl'ACTfKKK. — 0. TlIE NINE- HUUR MOVK.MEXT. TllE l-AW REEATIXCl TO TrADICS UNIOXS.— (>. AmEXDMEXTS TO THE LAWS ADOl'TED. — 7. I.MMIGl! ATU "X AXD IMMI- GRATION All) So('iKTii:s. — 8. Financial STATEMENT. A SU IJl'LUS OK < iVER THREE AXD A HAEF MlEiaoNS. — !). TlIE I'KOSl'ERorS I'oX- DITION OF THE COUNTRY CommeRCIAM.Y. — 10. Derate on the Uudcet. — 11. Contixu- .\TiON of derate on Budget. — 12. ReI'EAE of the duties on Tea .\nd Coffee.— 13. Supply IJiee. 1. — The last session of the hrst Parliament of ' k fifi; I ■' \IL. ih 'ill I ::iji; !■ . ! > M! 284 THTTLK'S niSTOHY OF THF DOMINFON OF CANADA. the Dominion was opened by the Governor- (),„,„ii,„,,, General, in person, at Ottawa, on In'm7iri'hn/;,cr''' *li^ 11th of April, with the usual \ew,nc.,„i,c.r.. ' c'evemouies. The only feature or special interest was the presence, for the iirst time, of Senators from Manitoba and British Columbia. The .>' lor his recovery, to be cele- brated on the lift eenth. Explanation was made that the meeting- of Parliament had been post- l>oned at the request of the Imperial Govern- ment, and (he House conj^ratulated on the entran 'C of l>ritish Columbia into the Union. Reference was made to the Fenian raid in Manitoba: the Washinnton Treaty, and the con- ference of Dominion and Proviiv ^ tl representa- tives on the subjeit of immigration. It was announced that surveys for the Pacili<- Railway had been in prouress : and attention called to the necessity for improviniv the canal communi- cations of the Dominion, and also of providing water communication between the St. Lawrence and the Bay ol' Fuiidy Mi'asures were promised for the readjustment of representation, as reqiiired by the Laiion Act, consequent on the taking of the census ; for the regulalion and management of Pi;blic Lands and Mines of the Dominion in Manitoba and the North-West Territories, and for ameiuling the la>\ s reiatinn' to pul)lii- health. The speech concluded with a reference to the general prosperity of the country, and successful issue of the ellbrts to consolidate the Dominion. On the return of the mem])ers to the Commons Chamber after the delivery of the Speech from the Throne, the six new members elected from British Columbia were introduced,* and also Mr. Edward Carter, elected for Brome in the place of the Hon. Mr. Dunkin. who had been appointed a Judge of the Superior Court for the Province of (Quebec ; the Hon. J. II. Pope, who had been re-elected •Till' tcillinvipid wcru llie irH'inlH'ii< rrmii lirilisli Culuinliiii, wlm were Mei'li'.l ill llcofiiiln'r, \>''\ : Ilim. Aiimr livCusiiins mid lli'iiiy Niilhiiii, Viutiiria: .J. Speiu'iT Thinuiisun. CMiilmn: Hubert Wiilliioe, V'niioipuvor : IIiikIi Xi'lsi'ii, .New Wostmiiir'ter i l'liili|i lloiiKlitnn, Viile. by acclamation for Comj^ton on his being called to the Privy Council, on 25th October, 1H71, as Minister ol Agriculture, on the resiu'iiation of the Hon. Christopher Dunkin on his ai)point- ment to a Judgeship ; and Lieut.-Col. F. W. Cumberland, who had been elected for AIuouim on the resiiznation of Mr. Simpson on his beiuff appointt'd Iiulian Commissioner for the North- West Territories. I 2. — The Address in reply to the Speech from Ihe Throne was moved in the Senate by the Hon. Mr. Girard, one of the „„,,„„„„„,,, | newly appointed Senators from '"''''''^^^''• Manitoba, and seconded liy Senator Robertson. | In movinji' the Address Senator Girard took i occasion to express his gratilication at the refer- ence made in the Speech to Manitoba, and to assure the Mouse that the people of Manitol)a were deeply attached to British institutions and were ready to join with the sister Provinces in maintaining the integrity of the Dominion. No amendment was offered, and the Address was adopted after a very brit'f discussion. In the House Mr. Nathan, of Victoria, B. C, moved tiie Address, seconded by Mr. Edward Carter. (^),C. The principal topics of the Speech were touched on and the policy of the Government as fore- shadowed fully endorsed, lion. Mr. Mackenzie in reviewing the policy of the Government cri- ti<'iscd not so much what was in the Speech as ■■vhat was not in it; and complained that the Government had not announced any line of policy on the Washington Treaty, nor -vith reference to the application of New Brunswick for "Belter Terms"; that no reference wa.*; made to any Act to be introduced for tht' trial of Controverted I'llections, nor for the establisli- ment of a Supreme Court which was deemed of the utmost importance, and characterised the Speech as '-a most meagre bill of fare." He sharply criticised the Treaty of Washington, which he contended sliould not have l)eeii signed by the I'anadian Commissioner, as it was not re(juired that it should be signed by all the Commissioners, and entered into a short discussion on the state of puf)lic feeling on the subject. On the subject of the admission of '■:i! GOVHIJXMENT OF LORD LISdAR— FIKTII SESSION, KIliST I'AIiLIAMKNT, ISCl' 2S.-) Driti.sh Columbia Mr. Mackenzie; said that the ( )ppositioii had been misrepveseiitcd as being opposed to the union Avith that Province. The Opposition was <>lad to have British Cohimbia in the Union, but what it objected to was the terms on which that Province had t)een ndmitted, which were altogether l)eyond the means of Canada to carry out. Sir Francis Hincks dei'ended the policy of the (rovernment. He s;iid that the Tnnity itself would have to lie dealt with by the IIous(> : bixt, on account of a diiHculty which hiul ari.seu between the BrilLsh (iovernment and that of the United States on tlie subject, it was not advisable to di.scuss it just then. Ht' argued that the ilause which .stipulated that the Treaty may be .siu'ued by a less number than the whole of the Commis- sioners was only intended to provide for the jiossibility of one of them dyinu'; and contended that as both sides of the Imperial Parliament had agreed that the English Government alone was responsible for the Treaty, it was most unfair to endeavor to blame Sir John A. ]Macdonald for it. Hon. Mr. Holton held that the Premier was responsible to Parliament and to no other power in dealing with the interests of Canada; he had been appointed a member of the .Toint Iliiih Commission by virtue of his po.sition as Premier, and nothing could relieve him of his responsibility to the House. Hon. Mr. Mac- dougall said that now that the question of accejitance or non-acceptance of the Treaty was I'lo.sed, all that was left lor them to do as loyal subjects was to submit to it ; and he res'retted to lind. from the remarks of the Finance Minister, that the GovernuuMit was not disposed to ratify the Treaty. Sir Francis Hincks said it was a iinsapprehension to sup|)ose that he had said that the Clovernment was in opposition to the Treaty. What he had said was that the Ministry had protested aiiiiinst the Treaty, and a yood deal of correspoiulence iiad since taken place with the Imperial Government, the result of which would be made known wIumi the papers were brought down ; he may say, liowever, that the Ministry was now in entire accord with the Imperial authorities. Alter some further debate the Address was carriml without any amend- ment being offered. 3. — The Question of Protection to manu- factures occupied the attenticni of the Ihmse at an early date, and led to an animated debate, on the 17th of iniiii'iiMi'i'iMiMK April, on the motion of Mr. Magill for -'a Select Committee to encjuire into i and report to this House on the extt'iit and | condition of the manufacturing interests of the Dominion, with tlie power to send for | persons, papers, and records, and to make such recommendations as in their opinion may conduce to the encouragement of this important interest, thereby furnishing employment for our increasiuii' population, and procurinu' a home market for our productions." H(> contended that the best way to encourage immigration was to encourage out maiiufatturina' inten^sts which would tend to promote the prosperity of the whole country. Sir. Francis Hincks said that the Government would have no objection to the appointment of the Committee, which he had no doubt might do much uood ; but he did not wish it to be supposed that the manu- facturing interests were in a slate of depression, for he knew, on the contrary that many of them Wi'reina very llourishuig condition. Hon. Mr. Holt on condemned the action of the Admin- istration in "governing by C(nnmission." Last year they had appointed a ('(nnniissiim to discover a canal jiolicy lor them, and now they wanted a Commission to lind a commi'rcial policy. Hon. Mr. Huntingdon thought that the question of encouraging our manufactures was likely to become oni.' of the utmost importance. He did not think that our relations with our neighbors were so far settled as to warrant the adoption of a lixed liscal l)olicy for the Select Committee on encouragement of manufactures was then adopted. 4. — On the 24th Mr. Jones (Leeds) moved for a Select Committee to encjuire into and report ,, , ,, , , uiion the auricultural interests .ilr. .limes il.(,'nil>) ' ~ lC'ihT'rMnmT!i''wei: ^f tlic couutry. lie conteiuled '"""■ '''■"'•"'"^^""■'•'■- that the agricultural interest was the most important one in the whole Dominion, and that, as there was now no hoi)e of having ;i Rcciproeily Treaty with the United States, he thought we ought to have a protective tarili'ou agricultural jiroducts as well as on manu- factures, lie maintained that the small dxxties put on auricultural products in 1870 and rejjealed in 1871 had been of benelit to the farmers while they were imposed; and favored a general Protective Tarilf. Mr. McCosmos in seconding the motion, said that liritish Columbia was an unit on the question of Protection to agriculture as she would never be able to compete with California without it. Mr. Mills said that the motion, as well as that previouslv adopted with reaard to manufacturi's, asked for I'rotection, which was only another way of saying that certain classes of the com- munity should have a part of their money taken out of their pockets by law, every time they made a i)ur"hase, and placed in the pockets of certain other cia.sses who produced protected articles. lie argued, on principles of political economy that such pr^'- tensions were ab.surd ; the price of our surplus products must })e determined by the state of the foreign markets, and not by Protection. Mr. Bodwell said that it had been ur^ed tli;ii Ontario and British Columbia farmers would be benelited ))y Protection to agricultund products ; but it must be remembered that other portions of the Dominion would Ix' correspondingly injured. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick had to import large quantities of l)readstuirs, and would sulfer from such a tariff, for the bi'nelit of ( )ntario. He (pioted a number of statistics to show that the Dominion exported about four times as much agricultural l)roducts as were imported, and argued that as long as we exported so lai'gely to foreign markets, our home j)rices must be ruled by those markets. He claimed that the whole Protection agitiitiun was got up by a few man\il'acturers who were anxious to realize fortunes. Mr. Feruii.-on favored Protection for the farmers ; he thou'iht that they were already lalxn'ing under great diliiculties, and if the agitation for nine hours as a days work spread to the agricultiiral classes, and farmers were compelled to pay the same rates they now paid for only nine hours work. the sooner they emigrated to some other part of the world the better it would b(> for them. After a little further discussion, the motion was ; ad()pted. This motion only empowered tin' Committee to "enijuire into the condition of the auTicultural interests of the Dominion, with l)owt'r to collect evidence and report,' l>ut some of the advocates of Protection desired a more pronounced expression of opinion on the If ' L GOVKRNMENT OK LOJM) IJS(;AR— FIFTH SESSION. FIRST PA IM,IA.M FX T, 1^72. (jU('stio)i of protoctioii to auricultural interests, iuul, on the 20th ol' May, Mr. Koss (Diuulass) moved that the Iloiist' o-o into Committeo on certiiiu resolutions I'or the purpo.sf of imposing duties on barley, oats and Indian eorn. The Speaker ruled the motion out of order, as a private member could not propose to ronto, Montreal and Hamilton; and a few demagogues were soon found who for pay, or on the chance of future l)()litical preferment, undertook to show how much better it was to work oidy nine hours a day instead of ten — receiving the same wages, lio\vever, as if workiiig full time ; and how much iietter eight hours" v/ork was than nine, and so on ii a descending scale as to the number of hours, and an ascending one as far as wages were concerned. The agitation soon became l)opular amongst nearly all cla.s.ses of employes, who were quite willing to work shorter hours, I provided there was no diminution of wages. j The Trades Unions beiim- united, and working well together, it seemed at lirst as if the employes would carry their i)oinl and have nine hours recon-nized as a working day, without any corresponding reduction ol' wages, and a few ; emi)loyers agreed to the demand for a i eduction ol' working hours. The large majority of the employers ol' labor, however, were opposed to this increase of wages, — for such it virtually : was — and coml)inations of employers were made to resist the demands of the employrs. ; The question was brought to a square issue in Toronto by the strike of Typographical Union \' No. 91 on the 2-Jth of March, when the printers |j on the Globe, Tehgraph, and Express, and in all the job oflices, stru>k work because the employers would not reduce the hours from ten to nine. The master-printers had had notice of the intended strike, and i'ormed an union among.st themselves to resist it. This they partially succeeded in doing by ennauiiig printers from the country and from the United States to take the places of those on strike. The officers of the Typographical Union were very active in inducing the m'W' arrivals to desert those who had enuaged them and join the strikers, and many were induced either to return homo or leave their work. This became so annoying at last that Mr. CJ-eorge Brown, of the Globe, caused the arrest of thirteitn of the principal members of the Typoizraphical Union on a charge of conspiring to deter men from going to their work. The arrests were made on the lt)th of April, and the examination commenced befon^ I'olice Magistrate McNab on the 18th. The u'ravaraen of the charge was that under the laws of Canada Trades Unions were illegal societies, and that the members of Typographical Union No. !•! had, by intimida- tion or otherwise, endeavoured to deter per.sons ' engaged to i)eri'orm certain duties from so doing. The ca.se was post|>oned until the (jth of May. when evidence was given, and further 1 postpoiu>d until the isth, when the prisoners were committed for trial at the next Assizes, but released on their own recognizances. \ (i. — The arrest of these printers caused con- siderable excitement, not only in Toronto but throughout the JJominion. There .\„„.,|,|„„,,„, ,,, ,1,0 was scarcely any dillerence of '"«"i"'"i''''''- opinion amonust counsel as to tht; illegality of Trades Unions as the laws then stood; but there was an almost ecjual unannnity of fe(>liiig amongst all classes that the law ouulit to be at once amended, aiul that no mnn, or body of men, .should remain subject to arrest and imprison- Ii '! M \M ■I ■'!■ li I . t ! !!' m ; i| I i 111 i i' t i ■ii; "hi: iii< Jif !li ■■ I !'■ 28S TFTTLK'S mSTOlJY OK THE j:)ONINIOX OK CANADA. moiit I'or 110 lii-ciUor ollciisc thiiu that of cudca- vouring to gi't the hi'st piico he could lor his lahor. On the 7th of May, Sir John A. Mat- douald iutroduct'd two hills into the House, one on the suhjt'rt of Trades Unions, assimilating thi' law to thai ol Great Britain, an. Its ol)jeet was to repeal a harsh Act, under wiiich mechanics could be indicted for every association they might form. The amendment had been adopted in the British rarliament without a dissenting voice, because it was ielt that the old law was loo oppressive to be borne b\ free men. and he thought that recent events in Toronto showed that the law needed to be ch.inaed here. Mr. Mackenzie thouaht that the DominiDU I'a; liameut was exceeding its IHiwer in requiring Trades Unions to be regis- tered, otherwise he was satislied with the Act. .■\fter a little opixisition from Mr. Mas.son, the Bill was passed without amendment or division. The Act as passed assimilates the law with regard to Trades Unions to that of Great Britain. Unions are not illegal nor agreements void merely because in restraint of trade. Dam- ages are not recoverable for breach of an aiiieement l)etween members of an Union respecting conditions under which they may trade or seek or give employment, or i'or a subscription to the Union, or to apply its funds I'or beneiits to members or remuneration for obeyinii' the rules and resolutions of the Union, o'' to pay a line of a meml)er, or of agreements between several Unions, or any bond to secure the execution of such aureements. Acts lor the incorporation of charitable or provident Assoc- iations .shall not apply to Unions, nor shall any Union not reiii.stered have the beneiit of the A( t. To others the old law respecting atireements, &c. in restraint of trade will apply. Any seven members of a Union may register it, l)rovided none of its purjioses are ilU'gal. Ea( li branch is to be considered a sei)arate Union. Upon registration it becomi's a Corporation and may hold projierty, &c. 7. — Two Acts w^erti passed at this session with a view to encouraging immigration ; the first being to amend the Immi- ii'ratiou Act oi 1801) by abolishuig !iiimiKniti..n tht> capitation tax oi one uollar per head, and substituting instead a tax of two dollars for each immigrant to be collected from the Captains of any vessels not cleared under the sanction of the Imperial Immigration Commissioners, not riglits of the Local (rovcrnments Mr. Ferguson argued that iinder the Homestead law of Ontario the clause of the bill giving a lien on the immigra- ts land for the advance would be inoperative ; and the Minister of 84 Agriculture woiild be practicing a deception if i he led societies to beli(ne that they could recover where free grants were concerned. Mr. Jones (Leeds and Clrenville) had very little confidence in any scheme for attractiim- immiura- tion ; we had had many such, and plenty of expensive agents, })ut during the past ten years thi' immigration had not l)een one per cent, per \ annum. He thought it would be far wiser to protect our own industries and thus oH'er [ inducements to our population to slay at home, than to .spend large .sums in briiming immigrants here, and have our own i)eople constantly going away because thi'y could get better employment elsewhere. Mr. Elanchet thought that the most practical way to encourai>e immigration was to proceed at on ; with the Pacific railway and other great public works. Mr. Mills objected to the bill on the constitutional ground that the House was infringing on the riuhts of the Provincial Legislatures. Hon. Mr. Anglin agreed with the exceptions taken by Messrs. lilake and Mills, and thought that the passage of the Act w(juld be equivalent to introducing the Coolie system. Sir Francis Hincks defended the bill, aiul pointed out the dih'erences which existed between it and the Coolie system. After ; sonu' further debate the bill passed its second reading, and was adopted witln)ut lurther discussion. 8. — The Minister of Finance, Sir Francis Hincks, made his Buduet speech on the SOth of April, and was again able to make a most favorable exhibit, the receipta ior the linancial i year endiui- 30th Juiu', 1871, havinu' exceeded the expenditures by more than ^3,.J00,0(l0. In moving the House into Committee of Supply Sir Francis said that he would make the state- ment, as was usual, for the i)ast year ":>T0-71, for the current ye.;r, 1871-72, and lor the coming year, 1872-73. First as to the amount of the debt; on the 30th June, 1871, it was !«;77,70(),- ' 517, or, in rouiul figures $S().(.)00,0<)0, a large portion of the interest on which vas met by the interest accruing from valuable assets, that interest amounting to nearly twenty per cent. I''iM;Miri;iI St:lti'riicnt- A Surplus dl nvcr three illi\ in<7.3.'t, which had been chieilv ,,,, J I lie |inis|,urouH •gained on spirits, cigars, U-a, elllj'ilir^'.'""' ""' I wines, sugar, cotton and woollen ' """"^^y- ' goods, iron and hardware, silks and satins. With reference to the current year, 1871-72. he said that in spite of the reduction of taxes hiit year, whit h would amount to about $800,0(10, the revenue wotild still be in excess of 1S7I-72. even after making allowance for IJritish roluiu- bia. 'Ulie total receipts would he about $20,or)0,00t), and expenditures $17.040,tj!t.') ; .s,. that he counted on a surplus of $3.11.''),4G7 for the current year. For the year 1872-73 the income was estimated at $20,030,000, and expenditure about $r.t,i!00,000, .so that he looked for a surplus of about $1,000,000. He referred at cousideiable length to the Wash- ington Treaty, and to the guar'intee of a loan of X2,:jU0,0UO which Crreat Bri:,iin had agreed to make in consideration of Canada abandoning her claims against the United States for indem- nity for the Fenian raids; and argued Hint althouuh the Treaty was not all that could be desired, still it was a very nniterial advantage to Canada to have the liritish guarant >!' nearly half tlie sum which would have to be raised to build the Pacilic Railway, as it would eiuible her to ii'ct the money on much better terms, and would, according to his estimates, ell'ect a. saving of about $(!i)0,000 a-year in interest, which he thought was '• inlinitely better than n.egotiating a Bill for Fi'iiiaii claims, and encountering the danger of irrita- tiju on l)oth sides which must arise in the settlement of disputed claims." lieferring to the public works which would have to be undertaken, the Pacilic Itailway, the enlarge- ni> lit of the cainils, iVc, which, he estimated, would involve a charge of about $3,000,000 per annum, he said: — '-In undertakinu' works of such considerable magnitude, it is important to see what is the state of the increase of tiie commerce of the country. Now, sir, that increase is really Avoiulerful. In 1869 our total exports wiMv $49,320,000, while in 1871 they were $,').'), 151, 000. The aggregate of I'xports and imports in 1809 was $110,725,000 in 1871 (iOVKRX.MHXT OF LORD [,IS(I AFJ— !• IITFI SRSSloX, FIIJST TA RLIA.M KNT, 187L'. 21 1 1 lli'lwli' nil lllC I'.mlKl't. !jl42.0(»8,n00, ov ail incroaso ol' nearly 22 per ci'ut. And when wo como to tho details of tho exports we find them most satisfaetory. The prodnce of the Mines has increased irom 82.003,000 to 83,221,000; of Fish, from .s3,242,000 to $3,(tl»4,000 ; of Forests, from $1!>,838,000 to $22,352,000; of Animals and tiieir products, irom $S,T(;'.>,000 to $12,5^2,000, tho latter chieily owing to an enormous increase of exjiorts of butter and cheese."' With reference to the tarili', he said thai the (iovernment did not propose to otier any chaiiiivs to the consideration of the House just tlicn ; hut, owing to their being a proposition before the United States Comiross to take oii' the duty on tea, it was possible that tho tiovermnont might feel compelled to propose a similar course to the House later in th(> session. 10. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie severely criticised the action of the Government in giving ui> the Fenian claims and the fisheries for a .small money consideration from Groat Britain. Ho hojiod no Ministry would ever again go on a begging expedition to the Imperial Government. He looked with loathing and disii'ust upon tho coxirso which had been pursued, and he reaard«>d the result as most humiliating. For some time the Govern- ment spoke in tho strongest and most oil'onsive terms to the British Government, with reference to our rights of property and the Fenian out- rages, and he felt humiliated to think that while tiie American people were I'orciim' th(> Alabama claims on the British Government, wo had not pressed our claims against the United States for outrages committed on our frontier. He felt humiliated that tho British and Canadian Gov- erumenls should have yielded so tamely to the rejection of this as a legitimate subject for dis- cussion and reparation, and for an apology on the part of tho United States. It seemed as if the Government thought of nothing but tho amount of money it was to got, and tho House was now asked to rejoice over an Imperial guarantee of ^£2,500,000 as compensation for injury by the Fenian raids, and tho loss of the fisheries. He saw no cause for congratulation. Ho denied th(» accuracy of the Finance ^linistcr's figures as to the value of the proposed guarantee. Assumiim' a gain by it, however, we had this huckstering for the sake of saving, at the very outside, about $120,000 a year. A humiliation had been imposed on us which he was (juite sure the country would not submit to for twice that amount. Wo were able to ]>ay our waj', and interest on our debt, and to contract what- ever debt we miu'ht roqiiire for national improve- ments, even if the Imperial Government should decline to aid us by guarantees, lie did not agree with the honoral)le liviit Ionian's course Avith regard to the surplus. With one this year of nearly four millions, and one aiiticipaJed for next year of three millions and a half, and a prospective surplus of a million and a half for the year following, he did not propose tc eli'ect any reduction of duties on articles whore some relief might naturally be looked for. He ren-retted this as he did not .see that there was any immediate re(juiremont for the money, and he thouiiht it would bo better to reduce taxation a little while the finances were in a condition to permit of its being done. Sir A. T. (.rait joined in the congratulations of tho Finance Minister on the prosperous condition of the finances, and agreed with him that it woiild not be judicious, in view of proposed heavy exjion- ditures on public works, to introduce any change in the fiscal policy. He did not think that tho present enormous revenue could continue, and hoped that Ministers would be warned by tho past and not lead tho country into oxn'avagani^o on the strength of momentary prosperity. He objected to the introduction of the "WashiiiLtton Treaty into tho Budget speech, thinking that that subject should be dealt with by itsidf. Hon. "W. Macdoug vll regretted that the Govern- ment had not advocated a policy of closer commercial relations with tho United States, and argued that Canada should exercise greater liberty in tho matter of commercial treaties. Mr. .loly quoted from the Washington Treaty correspondence to show that the Government had not used every means i)ossible to obtain a renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty. ! ^■■■ :.i,ii S'V\ ll illlt till' i::! , 111! i. I, 1 !■ I; jl' ';!' vi' !. r ! 21)2 TlTTTI,i:s IllS'l'OIiV OK TlIK DOMINION oK CAXADA. CnDliniiiitiun <>t' (loliatuiiii l!iiil».'i.'t 11. — Alter ivccss tlio debate was continued by Hon. Mr. lilake, who ri'!>retlfd that the rreniiev liad not fseen lit to make any explanation to the llonse with rol'erence to the Wa.shinii'ton Treaty, Vut had left it to the Finance Minister to make a sort ol" apoloy-y. He thoui>ht that the question .should not be reuarded as one ol' money only, and (£uite asi'reed with the Ministers ol' th(> ("rown when they told the Imperial Government that the idea of a money payment was repiignant to the people ol' Canada ; but, il' it was to bo treated as such — il' we were to be told that a sulReient priee had been paid, then it l)ecame material that the figures ol' the honorable gentleman should be correct. He then analized the figures to show that the saving ell'eeted by having the guarantee would only be some $150,000 instead ol' $enditure. A very great amount of borrowed inoui'y was being intro- duced into the country, and dilliculties in future years were very possil)le. After some reniiirks from Hon. Mr. Tilley, the motion to go into Committee was carried. 12. — Although Sir Francis Hincks said in his Budget speech that it was not the intention of the Government to make any u^p,,,,,,,,- „,„,in,i,.. ' change in the tarill', he soon had '""™ "'"i '^""^■••- ' to propose a very important one, namely the repeal of the duties on tea and coil'ee, caused by the United States Congress having repealed the duties on those articles. On the 7th of May he uave notice that on the following Tuesday he would move the House into Committee to consider resolutions repealing those duti(>s, and on the 21st the resohitions were adojited and a bill based on them read a first time. The Act provided for the repeal of duties on tea and collee imported after the 1st of July 1872, and allowed a drawback on all previously imported and re-warehoused in original packaii'es before the 29th June. It was also provided that if at any time a greater duty was imposed by the United States on tea or cotfee imported into that country from Canada than from any other country, then the Governor-in-Council may impo.se a similar duty on tea and collee imported from the United States. Mr. Bodwell thought that as the Finance Ministcn- had announced a surplus of $o, 500,000, and as tiie repeal of the tea and coff'ee duties would only reduce the revenue about $1,250,000, other (i()Vq-:iJXMKNT OF LOIJi) MSGAR— THK NKW BRUNSWICK SCHOOL MT. IxTi.'. 2!t:! lu'tessavic-s may bo added to the Tree list, and lie moved in ameiuhneut that rice be added to the articles on which duty should be repealed. Sir Francis Hincks said that in view of the heavy expenditures which would be n>'eded tor public works it was not deemed expedient to iiiiiUe any further reductions, and, after a short discussion, the amendment was withdrawn. Oil the bill coming i\\> for a second reading Sir Francis Hincks explained that lioth the Houses of C'ongre.'s had aiireed to impost' a duty of ten per cent, on tea and coll'ee imported from any country west of the Cape of Good Hope, and the i>roviso in the bill was intended to allow the ("rovernor-in-C(mncil to impose a like tax on tea and cotl'ee imi^oited from the States to what they imposed on similar articles from Canada, but tea and cotl'ee coming through the United States in bond would be admitted free. Mr. Mackenzie thought this was a violation of the treaty obligations with the United States by which we were bound not to impose disirimin- ating duties, and he did not think it was possible to pursue the course proposed. Aside from that he did not believe in retaliatory measurers ; he did not believe in laying a burden on ourselves simply because others took a burden iipon themselves. Sir Francis Hincks did not think the bill was an infringement ot the treaty, and read the clause referred to in support of his argument, and after a brief discussion the bill was i)assed. 13.— The sirpply l)ill granted $(!88,n9(t.37 for the year ending 3(Hh June, 1872, and $20,729,0(;0.85 for the vearending '"''""■ "'"• 30th .1 . lie, 1S73. Amongst the items passed were $li)0,000 luiexpended balance lor taking the census, Hon. Mr. I'ope stating in reply to a question that the total cost ol' taking the census would be about 141*1,000.00. Items of $17,712 to pay salaries of Immigration officers, $12,000 for travelling agents, and $70,000 to assist the various Provinces in euiouraging immigration were passed. The latter item caused some discussion, Mr. Young doubting whether the vote was (juite constitutional as it looked like increasing the subsituties to the Provinces. Sir Francis Hincks explained that the item was the result of a conference between Dominion and Provincial Immigration Agents, it being found that there were many expenses which could be better met by the Provincial Agents; the amount would be distributed $25,000 to Ontario, $20,000 to (Quebec, $10,000 each to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and C5,000 to Manitoba. The item was passed. Amongst the important items passed were $5,400^000 for the Intercolonial; >i3.4!til.000 for Canal improvements; $1,.54II,4U0 for maintaiiiiim- the Militia; $644,000 for Public Huildings; $471,584 for liu'hlhouses and coast uuard service ; $113,735 for protection and preservation of the ILsheries ; $576,500 for maintenance of Indians in British Columbia and the North-West; $559,183 for Customs; $200,000 for improving the navigation of the St. Lawrence between Montreal and Quebec; $110,600 for the North Shore Kailway ; $00,250 for I'airopean and North American Railway ; $70,000 for temjiorary water supply to Welland Canal ; $165,000 for planks, &c. for the lied liiver road. CHAPTER XXV. GOVERNMENT OF LOI{D EI,SfiAI{— TUF NEW BRl'NSWICK S(M10Oli ACT, 1S72. i 1. The ScHooTi Law ok Nfav But^n.« m\l I l!' r ll"l 2!t4 TTTTI-F/S lIISTOr?Y OF TFFK DOMFXrON OF TAXATtA. Thi'S,-: I l,i\v III' .\r\v UlUII-\v ifk IM-il.r III Coilll'MlTM- tinli. 12. CoNTIM' ATIiiN OK TlIK DKHATK. — 13. 1)i:ki:at ok Hon. Mi;. C'ii.vuvk.'VU's a.mknd- MKNT. — 14. .'VmKNDMK.VT I'lioroSKD UV Mli. CtiijiV AUdi'TKiv — 1'). Hon. Mif. Mac- kkn/.ik's a.mendme.np. Tuk MOrioN ^s Kl.N'AM-V AlXll'TKl). 1. — O 10 of tilt' most intt'ivstiiig debatos oT the M'.s.sioii of 187- was on tho quostion oi I ho diisallowaiico by (lio (iovornor-Ciouoriil ol' the Now JJruiiswick Srhool Act ; and iihhongh the Aot it.iclf proporly l)eloiig.s to tho history of that I'rovinco, still :i.s tho inattor was brouuht bolore tho Dominion Piuliameut, and it was a snlijoct whioh intorosted tho peoplo ol' tho whole Dominion, it will bo more con- VLuienl to consider it hero than to leave it entirely to our history ol' that Province. To thorouiihly understand the matter it will be noce.'^sary to state the coiiditiuu of the School Laws in New Brunswick before Conloderation ; tho oirocl it' any had on them by C'ontodoration, and what chanue was proposed ))y tho now law. It must be l)orni' in mind that thi' population of New Brunswick is a mixed one as far as reli- gion is ooncenied, about one-third being Ivoman Catholics and the remainder belonging to various Protestant denominations.* The School Law in force in tho Province at 'Jon- federation provided for a I'rovincial Board of lulucation consisting of tho Governor and Council, with tho Superintendent of Schools, which Board had tho power to provide for the organization, govornmont aiul discipline of all Public Schools, and apportioned the annual Legislative grant for school purposes amongst the various parishes. Under this law Roman Catholics, as well as other denominations, could establish Public Schools at which their religion forniod part of tho courses of Instruction. By the "Jord Section of the British North America • 'I'lie Cfiisu." "f 1871 (.'ivc.< tlie (inures a.i lulliuvs :— Kdiiiiiii C'lithnlips, •y'.Vh\: liiipiist* 7n,.'>'.i7: Clmivli of Eiit-'liiiul, I'lIsI ; I'ri!sliytoiiiin,.'iS,S5;i : Mctiii.ilii-t. U.i.'i'iii: dUier ili'ncMiiinati.ms, l,7'.iL'-Tii(al, L!s:">..V,il. It will tliii- Ijo si'cn tliiit iilllHiiiKh Ihi' Hmpiin CullKilici wore more numerous tliim iiii.v Miller 'IciiMtiiiri.'iiioii, tlicy Here niily uliout "iie-lliinl cit tlie wlidle |»ii>uliili>>ii. Act, l.St]", it was provided that " in and 'or each Province tho Legislature may exclusively make Laws in relation to ivlucation,"' subject to certain provisions. These provisions were to the effect that any exceptional rights or privi- leges enjoyed by any Denominational Schools at the time of Union should be respected ; and that, in the event of any law being passed by any Provincial Legislature infringing on those ric'hts or privileges tho Dominion Government siiould intorforo, but not in any ot'.ior case.*^ 2. — The Provincial Legislature of New Bruns- wick was not satisfied with tho workinii' of the old School Laws, and, durin<<' the ^.,, ^, , •session of 1H71, passed a new "■">v,|,„ssi.,iin is7i. Act, which was as.scnted to on the 17th of ^Lly. This Act introduced an entirely new Free Public School System, similar to that in Ontario, and i>rovided lor the Province being divided into School districts, for which TriTstees were to be ai^pointod who were bound to provide jschool accoinmoihition for all children in the district between the ages of five and t\venty, free of charge ; arrangements with existing schools could only be made on tlif conditions that they were made free and came under the provisions of tiie Act and regula- tions ; a school tax equal to thirty cents per head was imposed, and tho raising of additional ' A." I'rciiucnt rcfi.vcneo !..< nmilo in the dclintcs mi this i|iiostion (•> ihc (.^oiifiiil(T:itinii Act. wo Kivt' (ho sul/-sertiniis «if Sccfii)'! !•.!, uliich riiiiilu tit (he iM)..i.sil)K. intcrt'erence (pf (lie Ootiiininn (ioverunient in I'lnviiieijil ni.itter.s:— (l) ■•Nnthiiic in any sueli hiw sliall prcjuiliciatly iitTeet any riKht I'r |iri\'ile(re with respeet tti ilennniinatinnal .-elntnls wliieh any r|jis> nt persiiiis have by law in the Province at the Cninn : (-) ■* .Ul the pmvers. pri\ileKes, and duties at the rniun by law con- ferred and imposed in I'ltper Canaila on the separate schools aixl school trustees of the t^ieen".^ Uoiiian Catholic sniijcet.s cliaW he. and tlie same arc> herehy, extcmled to tlie dissentient schools of the liueeii s I'ro'.estant and Riunaii Catholic snhjeets in (jncliec : IS) "Where ..i any I'rovinco a system of separate or dissentient schools exist? ''// hnr at the Iniini. or is thereafter estahlished by the LcRisliiture "of the I'rovinee, an a|ipciil .fhall lie to (ho (ioverntir- (iencral in Council from any act or decision of any I'rovincial authority i.lfectiiiK any riKhf or privilege of the Protest iiif or Itoinan Cathi'lic minority ot the t^iecn's subjects in re'ation to education ; (I) '• In ease any such Provincial law as from liiiio to time seems lo the (iovernur-lieneral in Council reimisice for the due execution of the provisions of this section is not made, or in ease any docision of tlio (iovernor-Oeneral in Cinincil or any appeal under this section is not duly "xecuted by the proper Provincial aulhorily in tliat behalf, then and in every smdi ease, anil as far only as the cireunistanees ol each case rei|uire. the Parliament of Canada may make remedial laws lor the due Kxocutioii of ilie Provisions of Ihi- section and of any decision of the (iovernor-deneral in Council under this section." (;ovi:i{XMi'].\T OF LORD MS(iAi{— Till-; y';\v hucnswick sciioo:, aci', \xt2. •_'!>:» rumls lor school purposes — iiirlvKliiiL; a poll- tax ol' olio dolluv on every iiui' resident — was provided lor. A new Board of Education was established, which had power to pro- vide a training and model school ; to appoint Inspectors oI' Schools; to divide the Province into School districts; to make regulations tor tlie oriiitnizalion, go\ iM'iiment and discipline ol' schools; to prescribe text-liooks and ai)paratu.s, iVc. ; to determine appeals from Inspectors; to make regulations for the distribution of school monies, and to make general regulations. Trustees were uiven the right to borrow money for not more than seven years for the erection of school-houses, and were nuule a bodv corporate and invested with all the school property of the district. Three 'J'rustees were to be elected by the ratei)ayers of each district, to .serve three years ; the lirst three to l)e elected for one. two and three years respectively, so that one should retire each year. All schools to be non-sectarian. ;i. — This Act met with strenuous opposition from the Homan Catholics, who used every e, „i„n.„ll,eAe. l^*^^'*'^!' "l»''"»S <» *^le'''^'"t i* "» ^he l':,Villlii""''rVho House, claiming that to establish ''"'"""'' a system of Common Schools in which the te.xt books would be beyond the control of their clergy, and in which their religion would not be taugl t. would be to establish a system which they could not conscientiously support, and the result would be that they would have to maintain schools for the educa- tion of their own children, while taxed in tb.e general assessment for the maintenance of schools to which they had e- ment upon tlie rights of your petitioners, a most serioixs deprivation ol the educational privileii'es they ha\ e hitherto enjoyt>d. and a pali)able violation of the spirit of the British North America Act. Your petitioners there- fore humldy pray that your Excellency will be plea.sed to disallow the said Act." 0. — In due course the Bills pasjsed by the Local Legislature of New Brunswick were forwarded to the Governor- G, I ,. II Sir J. A. Miii'ilniiahl reneral lor ai)proval, and were .idvist-s n,,. ,M,prMv,ii , 1 . 1 \r- • . ,. T • "I'l't' Kill- relerred to the Minister ol justice, Sir John A. Macdonald ; at the same lime the numerous peti 'oiis received were submitted to him, and he reported upon the bills and petitions on the 20th of January, 1871, to the Privy Council, advising that assent be given to all the bills, and the report was adopted by the Council on the same day. His reasons for advising that assent be given to the School Bill were very clear, and we reproduce them here: " Numerous petitions to His Excellency the Grovernor-G-eneral, from the Komau Catholics of New Brunswick, most respectably signed, have been received, praying that the Act, chapter 21, intituled • An Act relating to Common Schools " be disallowed. The grounds upon which this prayer are based are : " That the Act will greatly destroy or greatly diminish the educational privileges which Catholics enjoyed at the time of the passing of the British North America Act, and subse- (juently. " That the pecuniary grants hitherto made to the graded schools have been taken away, although to these grants Catholiis may in most cases be fairly regarded as having a prescriptive riivht. " Now the Provincial Legislatures have exclusive powers to make laws in relation to Education, subject to the provisions of the 9ord ir muuhors tahlish and with .sal'ety impi'lh'd to LIS inlVingt'- •litioiicvs, a 'ducat iuiial yod, and a the British ncrs thtTc. icy will be .scd by tlic wick were J. A. M |..iml.i Im's tin- ;i|'ii'tition^ I thi' Tiivy 11 ivt'U to all doptod by reasons I'ov j School Hill ' tlu'rn liLMv : ; rlli-ncy the i! 'atiiolics of nt'd. ha\t' chapter 21, jj 11 tSihools' I which this ; .f^i^'i^ s. / i. ir or greatly ;es which passing- oi' and subse- *^' i I lerto made ki'ii away, i lay in most ' )rescriptive ures have relation to f the 0.3rd ^ \. a-W- ! " -in ' 'Ml llt'lAVtO ("WfjSl* 'UK IL''.i 5 i'.-,.,l,,r Ji ■ uKiMCI Mii\\} C'-iB»f*T5 IiTmC COMP- li \\ I I I 'I I h I'i I j i 1 m i! GOVEKN.MKNT OF LORD LLSGAR— TIIH XHW BRUNSWICK ACT, 1872. 2:)7 clause of the British North America Act. Those provisions apply exclusively to the Denominational, l^eparatt! or Dissentient Schools, they do not in any way afl'ect or lessen the power of such Provincial Legislatures to pass laws respecting the General Educational system of the Province. '•The Act complained of is an Act relating to Common Schools, and the Acts repealed by it apply to Parish, Cirammar, Superior, and Common Schools. " No reference is made in them to Separate Dissentient, or Denominational Schools, and the undersigned does not, on examination, iind that any Statute of the Province exists establishing such Special Schools. '• It may be that the Act in qixestion may operate unfavorably on the Catholics, or on other religious d,-nominations, and if so, it is for such religior.o bodies to ai)peal to the Provincial Legislature, which has the sole power to grant redress. " As, therefore, the Act applies to the whole .school sys*^»m of New Bruuswi (question of .schools in that Province, therefore, came itnder the general provisions of the Act leaving all matters relating to Education entirely in the hands of the Local Legislatures. There being ip! !S ■ 'Mm ,1, 111 ■' .1 'I '. i ■ I'll. i ! 1, m i! ;|! 'i wmn ill i '!'■ ! 'Ill 44 i [•'■I III f ■ H ■ i' I 2!»H TUTTLKS IIISTOIJY OK THR DOMINION OF CANADA. no schools ill Ni-w linmswiik rocogniscd by law as Di'iKimiiiatioiial, Disseniiciit ov Soparate at ihf time ol' Couri'dcmtiou, and schools of those classes beini^ the only ones exempted IVom the general Act, it follows that the opinion ol' the Minister of .Instic(^ was strictly correct, and that the Konimi Catholics ol" New l?runs- wick had no means oi' redress except through their own Leuislature. which alone has power over all matters appertaining to Fldncation in the Provime. 7. — The feeling;' ol' the Local House, however, was so strongly against allowing Denoini- j,,^,j„,i ,.,^ national or .Separate schools LWroM-Micnee Ao. ^^.^^ ^]^^, CathoHcs saw they had no chance of obtaining any redress Irom it, at that time, and they, therefore, used every means to induce the Dominion I'arliament lo interfere, either }>y recommending the (rovernor General to disallow the Bill, or by adopting an address to Her Majesty praying for an amendment to the British North America Act which would secure to Catholics in New Brunswick the same privi- leges as wore enjoyed by Catholics in Oiuitrio. On the 20th of April, 1872, Mr. luMiaud, member for Kent. N.B.. moved for all correspou'lence, &c., relating to the School Act passed by the Legisla- ture ol' New Brunswick. He urged in support of his motion that the law was unfair to the Komau Catholiis. as it ignored their religious scruples ; and that it was unconstitutional as the Local Legislature had exceeded its powers. Hon. Mr. Anglin maintained that the law was uncon- stitutional as it took away rights which the Catholics enjoyed at the time of Conl'ederati(Mi, and that, therefore, although he deprecated the interfereiiie of the Dominion Crovernment in Local matters as a general thing, it was risiht for the General Government to interfere in this instance, and protect the rights of the minority. He contended that the Dominion Government ouaht not to have decided on the petitions addressed to it as a mere question of law, but as one of justice and policy as well ; and that the legal opinion given by the Minister of Justice that the Ad. that all iiddn'ss bo votod pniviMBtiio to Jlis JfiXCt'lloncy, renvest'uting Act. " that it IS essential to the peace :iik1 prosperity oi' the Douiinioii of Canada that the several reliuioiis then-in i)revailin- • should be I'oHowed in perfect harmony hy those piolessing them in accord with eaih other, and that every law i)assed either by this Parliament or by the i^oeal Legislature disregarding the liuhts and usau'es tolerated by one of such I religions is of a nature to destrov ihat harmony : I —That the Local Legislature of New Brunswick ill its last session, in 1871, adopted a law 1 respecting Common Schools forbidding the iiui)artin time of Confederation the Catholics virtually had Separate Schools, tliat their riiihts were guaranteed them under the Act of i Confederation : that the New Brunswick School Act .sought to deprive them of those riyhts, and I iliat, thi-refore it was unconstitutional and ought to l)e disallowed. 9. — Mr. Bellerose said that the (lovernmenl had admitted that this Act pressed unfairly on the Catholics of New Ib'unswick, |,,,|,,„p„„ jj^. and, therefore, it was the duty of '^'"*''iK«»'' "'"tion. the Government to use every constitutional means to remove the cause of complaint. He argued that the injustice was not to the Catholics of New Brunswick alone, but to Catholics throughout the Dominion ; and that the Domi- nion (jiovernment should protect the minority from the tyrannous action of the majority. Sir George E. Cartier said that thi' resolution tended to upset the action of the British North America Act, and to jdace the subject of luluca- tion in the hands of the Dominion Parliament instead of the Local Li'uislatures : for if the principle w'as admitted that minorities could api)eal to the Dominion Hou.se against the action of the majority in their Province, the Dominion Parliament would, virtually, have the power of legislatinii' in all educational matters. This would place tli" lariiv Catholic majority of the Province of Quebec at th(> mercy of the Dominion House, which was hvrgely Protestant, and was what h^iil been s'lecially guarded against al Confederation. He arui'.'d that as the old laws repe.iled by the New B: unswick Legislature did not provide for Separate Schools, the Local House had not infringed any riiiht possessed by the Catholics by j)assing the new Act. and there was no ground for disallowance. Besides, he held it was incompatible with Responsil)le Govern- ment for the House to advise the Governor- General ; that advice should come through his Ministers alone, and the motion as it stood was, virtually, a motion of want of coulideuce in the Ministry. Mr. Mas.son (Teirel)one) contended that the Act was injurious to the whole Dominion, as it was an unjust oppression of a minority ; f..i (TOVcrnor-GtMierars salary, surely the latter had the right to dis- allow the unfair Now Brvm.swick School Art. Hon. Mr. l^angovin .'iaid that ho personally disapproved of the New Brunswick School Act ; hut the only question for the Government to consider was whether it was Constitutional, and not whether the individual members of the Ministry approved of it or not. He had no doubt that the Local Legislature of New Erunswiek had the right to pass that Act, and, therefore, he could not lavor its disallowance, however unju.st he may think it. Hon. Mr. Dorion held that Separate Schools were virtu- ally in existence in New Brunswick before Confederation, although the word '• Separate " did not appmir on the statute book, and that, therefore, the sjjirit if not the letter of the law was broken by the Act lately passed. He wished to know lor what purpose the veto power was vested in the Dominion Gov- ernment if it was not to protect minorities from the unjust oppression of majorities/ He con 1 ended that the Act .should have been disallowed, which would not have been an injustice to the majority, for the Local Leaisla- (ure would have had the right to consider the Act again, and would, perhajis, have amended it so as to remove the objections to it. The Act was prejudicial to the interests of the Domini(jn. for it would cause dis,sention between Catholics and Protestants not in New Brunswick alone. l)ut throughout the whole Drix:i(lt*.- Ulnliuii. 1 /-\ 1 1 1 . , and (.^uet)ec, when they exist ec. as the old Province of Canada, on religious as well as other questions ; and he attributed it to the fact of their being allowed to settle their differences their own way amongst themselves. I without outsidt' influence being brought to bear I on them. This, he argued, was the best plan and should be adopted towards New Brunswick. The peojde there should be left to settle their differences without any interference by the Dominion Government ; if there were any grievances to redress the Local Legislature was the proper place to redress them, and he had no doubt but that the people would be better satisfied in the end than if any outside influence was used. He entered at leiiii-th into the ques- tion of the constitutionality of the Act, arguing that it was (juite within the power of the J.iOcal Legislature to pass it. and that it should not be disturbed by the Dominion Parliament. He concluded by offering an amendment, so as to make the motion read: "That it is essential to i the peace and prosperity of the Dominion of ; Canada, tliat the constitutional rights of the ' several Provinces .should be in no way impaired by the ordi'r of this Parliament ; that the Law GOVKHNMKNT OF LORD LISiJAR— TIIH NKW BIU'NSWICK SCIIOOT; ACT, 1S72. 301 passed by tho Local Legislature of New Bruns- wick, respectini>- Common Schools is strictly within the limits of its constitutional powers, and is amenable to be repealed or altered by the Local Leiyislature, should it prove injurious or unsatisfactory in its operation ; that not having yet been in Ibrre six months, and no injurious (onsequences to the Dominion havini!' been shown to result therefrom, this House does not deem it proper to interfere with the advice that may be tendered to His Excellency the Governor- General by the responsible Ministers of the Crown, respecting the New Drunswick School Law." 11. — Hon. Mr. Chauveau said that the two main points which the House had to consider v.'v-re, whether it had the power Kon. Mr I-'Ikiuvl'.ui's , i i p •. i Amemlinent In the tO dO Wliat WaS asKCd OI it, aUCl .\iiiL'n was resumed l)y the Hon. Mr. Smith (Westmorelaiul), who deprecated any attempt to alter ,.„„Hn,,.H.,n „i the the constitution of the country. ''"="■'"• He said that he had opposed Confederation, but since the measure had bee.i carried he had given it his .support, and th(! principal rea.soii he had done so, and the peojjle ol' New Brunswick had done -o. was that he and they had felt conlidence in the stability of the measure, coniideiice that uiuler the Act of Union the rights of the weaker Provinces would be J! respected and maintained; but if the consti- : tution was to be changed whenever political necessity required, then coUi'dence in the constitution would be i>one, and the stroimer Provinces could infringe on the rights of tho weaker ones whenever they i)leased. He warned the House that the people of New Brunswick were already greatly excited on this ' subjeet, and that any attempt of the Hoixse to interl'eri' with the right of the Local Legislatur(> to manage its own all'airs might lead to serious i consequences. Mr. Colby reuicttcd that tiie ([uestionof religion should have been introduced into Dominion iiolitii's, as it was the (juestiou from which Confederation had most to fear, hut '! as it had been introduced the House was obliged to deal with it. He could neither auree with the motion of the hoiiorable member from II i ii'l In if ■ p.' ' r Ml m ^ K 'H li ;i 111' 'i as,sed in New Brunswick is unsatisfactory to a portion of the inhabitants of that Province, and hopes tha^ it may l)e .so modilied durinii' the next .session of the Leuislati;re of New Brunswick, as to remove any just urouiids of discontent that now exist." Mr. C'ostiii'an snid that before proceeding any further he would liixc to ask whether the (xovernmeiitint'ndcd to support the amendment of the Premier ol' Quebec. t!>ir.Tohn A. Macdon- ald said, on behalf of the Grovernmeiit, that he fully recounizcd and ai)preciated the motives of his honorable friend from Quebec in so framing his amendment as to relieve the Government from some embarassment. but they (the Government) thoimht tiiat a motion such as that suiig-ested by the Honorable member for fcjtanstead (Mr. Colby) was most likely to conduce to the public interest, and they would, therefore, support that amendment when otfcred. 1-'!.— ^Ir. Costigan said that it had been gen- erallj believed that the Government had intended to accept the amendment of the iJ.-tViil III' Il.pii. .Ml. cii„nv..iuv nuMuoer lor Quel)ec, and it had tiiiii-iiiiiiit-iit. been so announced by the Gov- ernment press ; but if it was not their intention to do so, then he ( Mr. Costigan) would not accept it as he would have been willing to do if the Government had supimrted it. He characterised the proposed amendment of the member for Stanstead (Mr. Colby) as very weak and unsatis- factory, and asked if the House had no right to veto the Act of the New Brunswick l^egislature, what right had it to express rearet that it had been i)a.ssed, and hope that it would be amended :" He claimed that i)re.ssure had been brought to bear on the Government to make them change their minds, and that pressure had not cume from Ontario or i^uebec, but from New Bruns- wick and No\a Scotia. The member for West- moreland (Hon. Mr. Smith) had said that if the Constitution was altered it would cause a revo- lution in New l)runswick ; he (Mr. Costiuan) stood as the ad\ocate of the rights of one-third of the population of New Brunswick, and he could tell them that if the just plea of the Catholics for fair play was not granted, if after exhaustinu' every rea.sonable means they failed to convince the good sense of the Dominion of the ju.stne.ss of their claims, there woiild be ne revolution. The w^ound would sink deep into their hearts, but they would bear it with patience and fortitude, and there need be no talk of revolution. He had hoped that the Government would havt? accepted the amend- ment of the member for Quebec, but as they would not it would be useles.s, even if it were carried, and therefore he should vote against it. Hon. Mr. Chauvcau Avi.-hed to exphiin that he had no intention by his resolution to amend the constitution, but simply to remove a doubt jis to the construction to be put upon it. Hon. Mr. Macdouu'aii argiu'd that there was no ground for disallowance ; he considered that the amend- ment of Mr. Chauveau would establish a danii'erous i)recedent. aiul that ihal suguested by Mr. Colby would amjily meet the requirements of the case, therefore, he would support it when oH'ered. Mr. Joly held thai reliu'ious education was essential to the happiness of a cotuitry,and if this was admitted, it must be seen at once that it was impossible not to have Separate Schools in a mixed communitv. He believed (iOVKUNMIlNT OF LORD LIS(iAI{— TIFK NKW nUrXSWICK SCIIOOI. ACT, 1S72. :{n:! that tht^ right of tlu> minority to educate their chiklren as they pK-awed shoukl be as zealously guarded as that of the majority. Hon. Mr. Aiialin. Me.'- v'ictona (Mr. Costia'an) ; and that in ord' r to brinsr the matter back as near as po.ssilile to the original motion, he would move that tl , folio win u' words b(> added : '■ And this V use further reurets that to allay sudi well g anded discontent, His ICxcellency tlu' (}ov- ernor-Creneral has not been advised to disallow the School Act of 1871, pas.sed by the fjcgisla- ture of New Brun.swick." Sir John A. Macdonald thanked the mover for his manliness in moving a straight vote of want of confidence. Mr. Anglin hoped that every member would consider that he was choosing between reliel' to an oppressed minority and the convenience of the Government. Mr. Costigan said that he had not intended a vote of want of confidence by his origiiuil motion ; lint the (lovernment had done its best to defeat his object, and he sliould be obliu'ed, reluctantly, to vote a want of eonlidencc. A vote was then taken, and Hon. Mr. Dorion's amendment dt>feated. \''eas. -SS ; Nays. 117. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said he was not satisfied that the Catholics of New Brunswick had l)een , fairly dealt with in thi' School Bill : nor was he ' quite sure that the Government would be justified in disallowim;' the Act. There was I room for consideral)le doubt in the matter, and j he would, therefore, move in amendment that i fi( |i|lP r II' I 1, ;. ' ri Hi'f . ii ; ••il iili Ii : ' i' il si J m 1 i:i4 ill :•!); '1 ' 1 .1 k:. til :5(i4 TI'TTLKS HISTORY OK TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA. the Ibllowini'- words he iiddiHl : " And that this House dci'ins it cxpcdiiMit, that thf o])iiiiou of the Law Olliccrs ol' the Crown in Eni'-hmd. and il' possible the opinion of the Judiiial Committee of tlif Privy Council slionld be obtained as to the riiiht ol' the New lirunswick Lcg-islalure to nuike sui h changesf in the School Law as deprived the Roman Catholics of the privileu'es they e!iji)y('runswick,and the other Provinces where it was regarded us one of the leading ([uestions of thi' day : and l)oth sides were ctnitent to wait patiently until the case had been submitted and an opinion obtained. What that opinion was and what further action was taken will be recorded in a future chapter. CHAPTEIJ XXVL GOVHHN.MHNT OK LORD bLSCAU — Til K I'ACIFIC RAILWAY 151 LL. 1ST2. 1. Till-: "F.vthkr"' of the C.vn.vdia.v Paci- fic IvAIIAVAY. — 2. LncKPTIoN (IF THE CANADA Pacific Raiiavay Company. — 3. Tiiic I.ntei!- ()v'i;an:c Coaipany. — 4. Ciiauti:rs ora.ntf.d lioTii Companies. — 5. The CJoveun.ment Biiii,. — 0. Hon. Mil. ^Lvckknzie'.'^ oiuec- TIONS — 7. DeHATE on the RESohCTIoNS. — 8. Amendment offehed hy Mk. Macdonald (CrI.ENOARltY). — 9. HoN. Ml{. MACKEN- ZIE'S AMENDMENT. — 10. ThE RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. — n. Amendments locatinc* the TERMINUS I<0.-entleman who had resided many years in British Columbia, and who was quite an enthusiast on the subject of a trans- continental railway through Canadian territory, which, he held, olfercd an easier and more practicable rovxti' than could l)e found in the United States. 2. — Mr. Waddington had di'voted much time and money to surveys and explorations, and was, prt)bably, the best informed man |■ml..lu I'iuili.- in Canada as to the po.ssihuitios |{ilil\v:i.vOolll|>»ll>. ,. / , T ., 1 . ol a I anadian railway, at the time that the Act of Union with British Columbia was passed. The GovernnnMit surveys wi-re commenced early in the sununer of 1871 — belore the formal union had actually taken i)lace, — and while they were in progress, Mr. "Waddington had au interview with !Sir John A. Macdonald and oiiered to propose a scheme for building the railway, in conjunction with a number of American capitalists whom he had interested with him in the proposed undertaking. The representatives of these capitalists, ]\le.^srs. G. W. MoMuUen and C. M. Smith, of Chicago, aciompanied by Mr. Waddington, subsequently •Mr. WiuliliiigliiiMlicil (il.'^iiialliHi.x, 111 Otimvii, 2i'>ih IVIiriinry, 1>ui|ii"Iiliir.<,iiMil ilWiiicrioiin I'liiii'iili."!" iniiicl iniikc it u I'ayihn t'liierprijie, >iirely CaEiiidiaii.'i could ilu ...o a.- woll. I .s|inlvu to my IritMitls iinil iiKMititiiu'il lilt' lai'l that tjit'^^e Ainurican k'cnlU'iiieti ImkI ciiini' aii'l mailc tlii- i'>'"l""'i. • • • Tlii" I lliink inl.k'd to the iiiKt'iil ri''|ii('sl mI iii\>i'lt"nii rrt'iiuuiit (K'oatiinris tun niiMil)t-r ol't^cnllciiii'Ii ill Tnronli), inilih-c'l I think ihi' lorinalinn of the Intcr-iiri'anii' Cfpini'jiiiy. I hail "pukcn to Mr. Maophir-on. Mr. Ilowland, .Mr. Ciiinlii'rhind. Mr. Worl.-^. aiul a iiiiinhtT of oihrr KtMillcnu'ii in Toronto, to Ir.\' lo interest tliein in it. and the Coini'iiny wa.** fornu'd.*"— .Vi"/- .fnhn A, M>i' itnufi/il'i el-i.\. I #' r 1: ■;■■ d|vi i:ii aiiolht'r ("orapiiny. to Ix' known as tho IiiltT- Utt'iinic. Tlii'sc two ('(unpaiiios soon (Icvclopcd into (liicrt rivalry. It wns well i ry was raised that these parties were not enlerinu' the enterprise with any idea oi' ))nildini;- an entirely Canadian road, hut ol' const riietinu' a road in such a manntn- that it should aet as a feeder to the Northern Paeific, aiul Canadian interests he sacriliced to American. So siromidid this I'eelinu' grow that Sir Hugh Allan found it necessary to change his original |>lan, and drop all tho American names, so that the Cmipany appearoil to he a purely Canadian one ou the face of it — althouuh he still kept up his eonaection with the Amer- icans, and it was understood that tln'y should retain their interest under Canadian names. Besides this cry against the introduction of American capital, there was also the old I'eelinu' of i'rovincial jealousy roused hetween Ontario and Quehec — the Inter-Oceanic being essen- tially an Ontario Company, while the Canada racilic was (juUe as much a (Quebec Company. Thus matters stood at the opening of the session of I87:i ; instead of having any difficulty about getting a Company to undertake the work, the Government had two ready to offer for it ; and there seemed to lie no reason to fear that the constniction of the road would fall through for want of compi tent parties to undertake it. 4. — The Government ollered nposition to the incorporation of either Company, and they both ol)tained iieir charters on equal terms. These terms were that the capital should be $10,000,000, in $100 shares, and the Company should not be considered organized until all the stock was subscribed, and 10 per cent, paid in. Each Company was niven power to enter into an agreement with the Government for building the Pacific Railway from some point in Ontario, near Lake Xipissing. to the Pacific coast ; and power was also given i'or an extension from Cliiiricrs irriinti'il l)ulh entn|);tni('<<. Tilt' liiiverniiieni liill. the mainland terminus in Ihitish ColumM:> t:; Vancouver Island, aiul across that island to liarclay Sound ; also for a bram h to the St. Mary River between lakes llurnn and Supe- rior ; one to Nipigeon Payor Thunder Hay; one from or near the Winnipeu' River to the Lake of the Woods, and one from Fort Crarry to i Pembina or to some other point ou the I'nited ' States boundary ; also a branch line in British Columbia to the I'nited States frontier to coimeet ! with their railway system on (lie Pacilic «(iast Power was also yiven to build railway bvidyes ac:ross the St. Mary River and .lohnson's Straits, ami to own or charter and sail steam and other i vessels on the inland waters alonu' the route I and on the Pacilic Ocean.* ! "). — Althouiihno opposition was made to the incorporation of these two Companies it was felt that the Government could not very well enter into an arrangement with either, as to have done x) would have estranged the section represented by the other Company; and, therefore it was determined to pass a general Act giving I hi' I Governor-in-Council authority to enter into a contract with either of the chartered Companies, or with the two Companies amaliiauiated, or failinu' that to grant a charter to a new Company. Onthe2ttth of April 1S72, Sir (ieorge K. Carticr moved the House iuto Committee of the Wliole ou certain resolutions respecting the I'aeilic I Railway. He explained that the terms of unimi j with British Columbia required the road to iie commenced in two years and completed in ten, and that surveys had already been commenced. i He said that what the Government wanted was • Thf I'rnvisiiiMiil Plrci'tur-' nf li'Uli ('.■inp;iiii<'< won' Cinnliiiii*'. 1 iilth'juiili.a.- \vi! Iiftvi' .»:iiil aliove, Sir lliisli .■\llaii •l\U in linliiinr'l liis I iniiiioi'tiori Willi lii.« .Aiiii'rii'iiii ^ri^'l|l|^'. The I'mvi^iniial I'ireflnrs wiTu I as ('.■lliiws: — i ; iMKii-OiKiMil'ciMi'WV.— Ilo". |). [.. MMC|.lnT>nn : Il.>ii. W . M.-.\la..mi ; .1. Starr; T. Kenny i K. Kii.-.K'I1 ; C II. Kairwealher: \. .1. llan.|"l|.ti : .1. li.iy.l. CwvhA I'miki.' ItvH.HW C.iMi'AS V.— Sir lliiuli .Mian: Sir K'iwar.l Kenny: Ij.ai. .hinie« Sk.'a I : ILm. .1. .1. C. .Vlila.lt: ll.m. .\. II. K-i-ter; II. III. n. Clirisiie; lliiii. O. Ouiiuet ; Hull. .1. .1. It.i-'s .M.-sr'. I>. .A. Siiiilli: VV. .Nathan: K. It. Iiari..'e; -V. .Allan ; 0. .M.lunes: I.. ll.Miilaeii . C. F. liil.lcrs.'ecve : .1. I!. Kenan. I; K. Ker!.|('inan : K. Chiiiie. COVKI.'N.MKXT Ol' M)l{|) LISfJArr Tin; I'ACII'IC l!.\II,\V\V nil. I., 1- ;;o7 authority I'lom I'liiliaiiii'iit to ■Mrrfc with any C'oiiipiiiiy ciiiiiowiTi'd to liiiiki' the roiul from Liikt! Nipissiiiii' to tin-. I'acilit C"oa>t. and to uudrrlakf tln> w orkiiiii' nl' it wlioii coiiiiilctt'd ; and as ihr UoviMiuiU'iit luiglii not \n' aide to maki- ail a^;r«'oun'iit with one Company for thi' whoh' roud. it was inoposcd that they should havi power tr mtcr intoa^rotMntMits with several ('onipauie> lor parts. It wii.s iiercssary lor the G-ovoriinient to l)e protei ted auain.st the possibility i-i a condtination of Cunipanie.s to demand their own priee, and, therefore it wa.s desired that tliey siiould have threefold power; 1st. to deal with a Company havini;: ii eapital of $10,0011,1)00, with ten per cent. i)aid up; ind, io deal with an anialyanuited Company ; and ord, thai the Govi-rnment should be open to receive tenders from capitalists, and afterwards y-rant them a charter, on the principles of the General Hallway .\ct. With rei-ard to the a.s.sistance to be tii ven by the Government, he said that it could not l)e expe.ted that any Company, however wealthy, could build I he road without assistance ; and it was therefore pr^po.sed that the Govern- ment should have power to lirant a (juantity of land, not exci'cdinn' 50,000,000 acres, to be <>iven in alternate blocks, twenty miles stjuare on each side of the line, the alternate blocks reserved by the Government to be held for sale hereafter to reimburse the Crovcrnment for the money sub,sidy it was proposed to uive. which would be about $811,000,000. These figures were the out.side limit, l)ut it did not necessarily follow that the Government would uive the whole amount of .-ither money or land. lie dwelt on the fact of there l)eiim' every likelihood of the money being eventually reiml)ursed from the sale of the lands; birt mainlaiiicd that even without that, considering the guarantee that England had given, the financial condition of the CI 'uitry would warrant the outlay without hicreu*ing taxation, and still pro\ide forasiidiinu' fund wliich would pay oil' the debt in thirty- live or fortv years. The IJill also made provision lor two branch lines, one from the main line in Manitoba to . onncct with the American railway system, and another from the main line to Lake Superior. It was not proposed to pay any money subsidy lor these braiK h lines, lint to make such u land grant as may be agreed on Itetween the Company and the Government. tl.— Hon. Mr. Mackenzie maintained that the I'ai ilio Iiailway could not be l)uilt in the time specified, and .said he did not ,, ,„ Mr m.h' believe that even the Govern- i"' '■■■-"iW"""- ment expected that it would be. He .said that the practical effect of the Hill would I)e to enable the Crovernnient to do anything it pleased in the construction of the Iiailway, ami characterized the two Companies seekinu incor- poration as two "rings" who weri' makinti' some efforts at amaliiiunation ,so that there might be "one ureal body to share the plunder that might fairly be expected from the construc- tion of the work." He pointed out that the assumed Icnuth of the road was taken at 2,700 miles and the land subsidy based on that, but it was not taken into account thai the road for several hundred miles ran through ( )ntario. where the Douiinitni Government had no lands to give away, and he wanted to know where the lands were to l)e taken from to make up this deficiency. It had been estimated by those competent to judue that there was only between forty-five and sixty-five millions o| acres of uood land in the N'orlh West, and if so much was given to the Company there Wduld l)e very litth' left for settlement. He held that the settle- ment of the country was tln' most imjiortant point to l)e uaiued, and that of all nu-ans of settling a country uiviiiu the lands to a Railway Company was about the worst. With regard to the Imperial guarantee he said that he looked upon the acquirement of that small sum as "one of the smallest and most beggardly fea- tures of the whole subject." T. — The resolutions were di'bated at lei'uth on the Tth of May, and several amendments suiiU'csted by the Opposition. On the twenty-first, on the motioji to adopt the resolutions. Sir Georue 1']. Cartier said that the Government had decided to accept the suugestion of the nieml)er for West Durham (Mr. Hlake) thit the mom-y sul)- li.'I.Mic "II the ri'Sii|iitiiin.«. '1 m flit ' fK^Ill 'M iil! HI k ,' ''■ M :i(is TUTTLK'S IIISTOHY OK TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. •1: I, .! i i ■" sidy should 1)0 jiaid in iiistulmciits from time to timt' as the \voik prourosscd ; and, also, his snsrycstion with rcii'ard to the lands to iw sivantt'd lor the Manitoba and Lake Xipisreon branches, the grant to the i'ornier branch would be restricted to 2n,0U() acres to the mile, and tor the latter to 2.').0(»0. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie ol)jected to eouimencinsi' the work on such very insullicient inlorniation. It was promised that the terminus should be on the South-West side of I>ake Nipissiuii-, but the little ini'ormation they had show.'d that many serious en<>-ineering diiliculties may be expected, and it was impos- sible that any Company could make any intellii'-ent ofier without knowing what they would really have to do. He thought that there was no neci'ssity I'or hurrying on the road without proper surveys ; and that it would be a fatal mistake to force on the work while there was no particular object to be accomplished, and no population to be accommodated. He thouiiht it was unwise in principle that the Government should be allowed absolute control of so vast a sum as $:?0.il()0.0(H) and .">(i,000,O0O acr.'s of ui'"l ; and held it tc be essential that all contracts should receive the sanction of Par- liament. Sir George E. ('artier said that the honorable mcni'-.T for Lambton (Mr. Mackenzie) had found fauli with the Government scheme, but tuui suuae.sted nothing in its place. He (Sir (jeoriic) held that the scheme was a sai'<' and couipreiiensive one. Mr. Younii' renarded the scheme as a leap in the dark, and had no expectatiniit(,\ uilli (lie tii/rcM'liK'liI tliailc tirlweell (he hnliiiliinii initl the I'liivinee 111 lliili«li Ciiliiiiibiii anil eiiilinilieil in llie iiriler nl' the (Jiiceii- S. — On the motion of Sir George E. Cartier that the resolutions be read a second time, Mr. ; Maedonald ((Hengarry) inoved [ , , , ri .\ir m.iiiIi.iiiim . , , , , (llleliKiiro). tions he not now read tlie second time, but thai they be recommitted to the Committee of the AVhole with instructions to provide thai the route to be adopted for the | ill CiiiiMi'il ilillllillillL' ihe >iiii| i'li>\ill>-e ilil-) ihe llliiill, lllliler Ihelliith 1 .-eeliiin ■>( ilie lirili-li Nm-ih AiiiiTii-ii Aet. l-^f'T. •-'. Uisiilriil, Thill >w\\ UiiilHiiy -liiill exleiid Irdin snmu piiiiit on nrneiir Luke .Nijii-^iii^r. Ill >iiMie |iiiiiit nil tile «hiire I'l' (lie Piieilii- Oeeuii, [lie , *inir>e;lllil line lllere.tr In he -ilhiei-I In the Jl,i|ir.iv;il iif the ( .ii\i'riliir-in. ' Cnlllli-il. i •i. /,'.«../.■../. Tlial the wlinleliiie iif yiieh UiiilHiiy he enrstrnile.l .■in.l ' wnrkeil liy nnc CniiiinKiy. (n he apiirnveil nl imiliiitreeil widi hy (heiluvcr nnr-i(i-('i>iineil. a nil be enniiiieneeil within Iwii years a nil entniileleil within [ ten years Irnni the ml : issimi nC Itrilish Cnliiinliia inlu the lininininii. I I. /i''>n/iv>/. That the l.iinil (iraiil In siieli Cniiijiany In seeiire the enn- siniel inn anil wnrkiiii! Ill tlie liailimj, .-h.ill mil e.x.eeil ."i(i,ii(«i,i««i .i,-res, ill hhiiks nl twenty iiiih.s in ile|ilh nn eaeli siile nf the lii I' ;he Hallway in .Miiniliilia. the .\nrlli-\Vesl Territnries ami ISritish Cnliinihia, alter- iiatiin: witii hhnks nl' like lietitli resei'\e.I tnr the li.ivernineiit nl the Onniininii. an. I I . he snhl liy it. ami the prneeeils nl' >iii-lt .siih' a|)]ilieil ' Inwiiril.s reitiihiirsiim to the linttiiitinii the siiiii.s expemleil hy it oii tlie eniislriielinii nl" the saiil Kailwii.\- ;— siieli taiids In he Kraiiled rrmii lime In lime us any jinrtinii nl' the I'aihvay is eniiijileteil. in |irn|iiirtinii In the leiii-'th, iliMii-iiJI^- III' eniisiritetinn mill enst 111' fiieh }inrtinii ; anil in Ciitariii ^11. -Ii liiml kiraiil tn tie siihjei-t to the arranvetaent wliieh may )ie niaile in tlial heliall liy tlie (iinernment III tlie llnmil.inn with tlie lli.verniliellt 111 ihul I'rnviiiee: I'nn i.liil I lial il the ti.lal .|iiaiitity nl laml in the hIiit liite hlni-ks In hesn L-raliteil in the Cnni|iaiiy. -liniil.l he less than .'ill.illlO.KUl a. -res, then the linM-riinii-nl nia\ . in il^ ilisi'i-etinii, ^ralil In the Cnliijiiiiiy siii-li ail'tiliiinal i|ilalilil.\ nl land i-lseivheie as will make il|i, with siieli alternate lilneks. a i|iianliiv not e.vetvilinit ."iii.l«»i.(i(Ki aeres ; ami in the ease nl' siieh ailiiilinii il uraiil. a .iiiantity nl land elsewhere ei|iial In siieli .i.lilitiniial jrrani slmli In. reserve. I an. I .|is|inseil nl' h,\ thcdnyernmeii! I'nr theiiaiiie imriioses as the iillernale lilneks In he reseryed lis afnresaid hy the lln.eriimeiil mi the line nl' the Itailway. •i. Hrii,lriil, That lie snlisidy or aid in nmiiey In he uranled In smh Ooiuiiany he siieli sum imt e.veeedintr .<:1ii.iiihi,iiihi in the whnle as may he avree'! ii|.nii hetweeii the I invernmeiit and the Cmniiaiiy : the C.ini|iany allnwiii^' the enst oC the surveys nf ilie line in N7I-7L'. as imr.' nl' -iieh siilisiily:— and that the (iii\ eninr-iii-Cniiiieil he anlhnri/.ed In raise hy In, 111 siieli sum as may he niiiiired In |iay siieli snlisidy. il. //. >../i-../, That the u'liaife nf the liaiUvay he Inn r feel eiulil iiiehes anil a half: and the uraile^. material- and iiindc of eonslni.linii siieli as the (loverntiient and Cnnifany shall auree ninin. T. It""li'nl. That the ilnvi.rnmeni may make siieli ai^recmei.t as alnre- »aii| with any Cnni|iaiiy a|i|irnved hy the llnvernnr in-Cmineil, and heinii iiienriinraie.l with |inwer In eniislriiel a Kailway, nn a li ipiirnved hy him. Irnni Lake Ni|iissiiiK in the I'lieilie iha'an :— nr. ihal if there ho Iwn nr mure -iieli Cniii|ianies haiim.- |ii.wer simily nr Inirelher, In eoii-lnii'i siiili liailway, they iiniv niiile as one Cnmjiaiiy. ami siieli aitreement iiia.v he niii.le Willi llieiiiiile.|Cnin|ialiy :-iir,lll.il if there hi' nn sileli l'nlii|iaiiy Willi wliniii the ll.i\erntneiil .le.'ins il aiMsahle In make -indi airreeineiil and there he iiorsniis ahle and willinii .n firm siieli CnMiininy.llie llnvirii- nient inuy hy Charter iiienrinrate them, and make siieli airieeini'iil wiili the Cnnijiiiny so inenrjinraled. H. W,..,/i-../, That Ilie il.nernment may liiilher aiiree wiili the Cniii|iaiiy with whom siieh aureement as iil'nreMiid shall have heeii made, to enn- sirnel ami vvnrk a llrainh line nf Kailway. frnm mine point nn the iiniin line in .Manilnha to sniiio imint mi the hmin.lary line het veeii that I'rn- viiiee aii.l the Inile.! States. In i-nnneel willilhc system nf railvv.iys in the said Slale.s :— mil another llran.'li line from smne imiiit on the miiiii line In -nine |iniiil nn 1,11 ke S ii|in inr ill llrilish Terrilnrv I and that siieh llrniieh lines shall heileeined part nf the Slid Caiiailian I'aeihe II lilway, and a li.nd Kiaiil in aid Iherenf may 'le made hy Hie ilnvernmenl to sueh evlent as may lie aureed iipuii helvveeii Ihulloverninenl and the I'ompuliy. E. Caitier time, Mr. ■Iiiieiil iilliTeed Miiivli.iialcl c:irr.v). id to the ictioii.s to d tor tht» Miller the llhih . . I 'Hint iin iir luMir I'll- ili'Miii, i[„. ' (■ '••ivfriinr-in- i ! Hslrii.if.l iiipI I I l>y tli('iMi\cr' I n|ili.-H'.l wilhiii I h'liiiiiiiiiii, 'I'ciiri.' lluM'iin- f.lHHI.IHHI ;irrf>, >( ; III' I{ill limy liiniliiii, alter- 'Miiii-iit 111' the [ 1 .inlf .'l|.|,lin| ' liy it III, till' il rriiiii tiiiii' III tiiirlinli til till' :iiii! iiidiiiariii ; ly III' in.iili' ill iiiMThllll'lll III I ill lliciiliir tliail 'iH.IHHI.tllll tllL' t'iiltl|>;lliy lip, Willi -lli'll 1 : mill ill thii ri|ll:ll tn Mli'll 1 ViTMIIH'lif t'lil* ! •illorcsiiil hy ; llli'il III slli'h II till- wlliilr iniiiiiiy ; till' ■J. MS |iiir: III' /.nl til rili'l' iMirlil iiH'lu'- , 'li'ill Mill, IIS I'l.f iis ajuri'- il, iiitil lii'iim ipl>rii\(''l liy ilii'i'i' lie l»i> iisiriii-l i-iiiciit iii;i> lil'miipiiiiy Il ii^rrrciiifiil j llli' (l.niTii- , rllli'lit \silll > ln'('ii|ii|iiiiiy mil', to, ■.111- ' III the iiiiiiii I II tliiil I'lii- \ riiilWHVS it, ] II, till' IID'III ' il tliiil -iii'll j li.' If iil«';iy, ' U'lll 111 slU'll H ('ii|ll|i|lll>. (JOVKJ{\.Mi;.\T OK LORD I.ISdA I?— TIIH PACIFIC RAILWAY I'.II.I-. is;-.' :!(i'.' Patilic K'ailway. shall bo subject to the approval ot'l'ailiauiciit, so as not to leave at the diiscretion of the Goveriior-iu-('ouncil the linal determina- tion ol' the location ol' a railway, towards the building <>r which it is jiroposed to uive §:!O.OUO,0(iO ol' the public funds, and r)0,00n,000 acres of the public laiuls." He said that in the case of the liitcnolonial he had voted that the ijuestioti of route should l)e left to the Govern- , ment. and he now very mu'h reuretted that he ' had done .so. and was not prepared to repeat the mistake. He claimed that the location of the Iiiten olonial was cue of the urcate.st blunders I ever committed ; and held that the location of the I i'aeilic road should be submitted to the Hou.se ' before the contract was uivcn out. The air. 'iid- nicnt was lost on division. Yeas, :i'.i ; Nays, 83. , I 9. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie .said that the powers ;| proposed to be conferred upon the ( rover, iment ' 11.1,1. .Mr. > Kiiuio's w.'voextnvauantanddanuerous; ..nicniiuuiit. ,i^.j, ji ^^,.,,. .^ |,.,j ivatnve of the | system ol' Government which h,id been intro- duced, that the House should be asked to deleoate its pov/er in this matt<>r to the Ministry, ;iml I hat if the resolntions were passed the House would b(> abdicatiim' its functions, and submitlinu' to the (Jovernmeiii of the day ques- tions over which it shmdd retain the control. ■ lie moved, in amendment. •' That the said Iteso- lutions l)e not now read the second time, but that they be recmnmitted to a Committee of the Whole, wilh instrucii)ii;i to provide, that all l)ro]>osed contracts before lieinii- entered upon >iiall be subniitted to, and receive the approval of, I'arliameiit, — and to expunge that portion whirh authorizi's the Governor-in-Couinil to charter a Company to eonstruet this Kailway, withnui the sanction of I'arliaiiieiit." The iimeiidment was lost on division; Yeas, ;!!• ; Nays, S-2. 10. — Mr. Younu' moved, seconded by Mr. Macdouuali (IveiilVew), " That the said Kesolu- tions be not now read th" second timt\but that the I'ourlh Resolu- lion be refei'red bin k to a Committee of the Whole, to provide that no cnuiiu'cment shall be entered into with any Company which will Till' IlL'snllltilMl .Ml'>|.t(.'ll. prevent Parliament dealinu' with tlnit part of the public lands not uranted to the Company in .such manner as the public interests may from time to lime require, and .so as not to leave in the hands of the Governor-in-Council the power of binding the country as to the disposition of .jO,flOO,000 acres, an area equal to nearly six j Provinces of the .size ol Manitoba." Hon. Mr. Aniilin .said that the amendment would have ; the elfect of preventing the Comi)any from sellinu' its lands. As tlie House had i)ledued itself that lands ,> jjoinl South and West of Lake Xipissinii'. whieh would have been most favorable to Ontario as oll'erinu' the easiest connection with her railway system, whilst the Quebec meml)ers advocated the Northern route as most favorable to the inter- ests of their Provinc.'. The Government tried to conciliate both sides as much as po>silile by agreeing that the terminus siiould be lixed on the south side, but could not make any more positive promise in the absence of dclinite .surveys. On the resolutions coming up for concurrenee on the ^ilst, Hon. Mr. lUake moved in amendment to the liist clause, that after the words "such Kailway shall extend from some point on or near Ivake Nipissinu', and on the Smith side thereof," thi^ following should be added: " pas.siuo'. ii' praciiiable, Hnuth and West of the said Lake," whicli was lo.sl on division — Yeas. .')! : Nays, '.if. Hon. Mr. Dorion thought that tiie terminus should be lixed at the ])oiiit whicii wmild be most advantageous If ■f I 'i ' '•n\i iii :;;!'*? i 4 1 I ic^:| iPiipi i l! 1^1 il'ih :{io rirn.Ks iiisrouv oktiik dominion of canada. to the Avliolc Doiiiinioii, and ,i 1'.,.. ii... ...^. ,,r . .... ,>m;..,.. ti...i ii.,> that the (}oV('iuui('iit ol' the ( uutltHl lor till' purpose ol pro\ uinm' tlial o itsell power to L^ive Hill. He thnu-lit 'arliauieniarv rule (lay should assume )rders-iu-("ouneil the Ivistern Terminus ol the .said I'aeilic Kailway validity and ibree ol' Acts of rarliameni ; and shall be at such i>oint West ol' the Ottawa iJiver in order to test the sense ol' the House on this as shall l)e louiul to all'ord the shortest prac- point, he m(i\ (>d, seconded by Hon. Mr. Ilolton, ticable routi' I'rom the I'aeilic Ocean to such " That the 15111 be rel'errcd back to the Commitiee I'^astern Terminus, and not as provided in the ol' the Whole, with instructions to amend .sucli Uill at Slime point South ol' Lake Nipissinii' ;" sections as i:ive (rovernor-in-C'ouiu:il the [ wlucl was lost -lull V 1 •'-. 1l'.— Hon. Mr. Mackeii/ie said that ihe (| a VI ucs- >r u'lantiiiL;' ti ivailwav C'ompanv. CI KlWi'l- larlcr 1' siiiii' the autlioritv and validity oi' an ad >{' the LcLiislaturi am also sue section^ lion of the terminus liad l)een practicallv settled : coni'er upon the Crovernor-iii-Couiicil autiioiiu but he attached miicii more ini- to c!iaiii:e an Act ol' Parliament, by oxpnimiiu;' poriaiice to the provisions ol' the therelrom all such i)rovisions, as the granting- <<[' AnMilii-r :iin h.v llnii. .Mr .M)h-kl'hi i.hlH'Ml .iilcii.'.!. r>ill, wliicii he c(uisidered om ■iucl 1 powers to 1 1 E xecutive, wou Id b an he most danu'eious ever passe iiv anv ,- Le- is a- abdication by Parliament ot its jiroper luiiciio ture. He maintained that the Hill was an en- and invole liie atloplion into our political sysleiu croachmeiiton the riiiictionsori'arliament.andan ; ol' a iirinciple at variance wi attcnii)t at acoutralizatiun ol' powerin tlu' hands | Government." til V arliaiueiitarv )!' the ( !o\ ernor-in-Couiicil, whicl 1 wmild leai d ]'■). — Sir .lohii .\. Macdonald said that he could to other cii'roachiiicuts, and -jroatlv diiiiiiii-ii not see ihal there was any usurpation ol' power indejiendelicc ;illd usejulnc; arliainenl. on till! j)ai't of the Govi'inmeiii ^.^ .1. \. .\r,.'.i" He knew that t lie excuse (illi'led fur til is uiiu suai 111 vo Ived in llh Aci. ariiament i-.\I>hni;ili' assumption ol'iioweron the part ol'the Govern- decided where the road lienan and ended . Ikiw meiit was, that oiherwise there would not l)e much assistance in money and land, and no nioie. )mpany should receive ; and siillicieiii time in whicli to.arrynul liieir ayree- the (' men! wilii l'.iiii>li Columbia: biil, he held that Icl'l lo the (1 notliiiii:' would be L;aiiie))lied lor iiu oipora- existiiii;' circumstances. He thouiiht il was not lion, and LiraiiliiiL;' it to another body ol' capitalists wife I'or (ioverninent to proceed in this hurried ! who had iioi yet ai)|)lied :" The object ol the 111. inner, and in order lo do so, in ask lor |iow ers ( !o\ erniiu'nl w as to prc\ cut such a combination such as no (ioverninent in this coiintrv ever had. ol' the ( 'ompanies as miuht create a monopoly, as lle\ I'd h the practic* tor leiol'i 11 e was sure liait heeil the case with the .\t Ian lie ('aide Coin- I'ailiamciitaiy i:oveiniiieiil was panics. H was si 111 ply l( pre\ cut iiioiiopol\ an .1 opposed to the assumption ol such power; and kceji llicse Companies in order, that the d; lllse le was certain that, when the country lully wa s inseited. '1 he Governmeiil did not seek for il umti rslood the extent to wliii h power was taken, any discretionary jiower over money or land they w ould conic to see the i^ieat daiiL'er to our they only asked lor svn h powers as were icpiisiu (iovKifNMKXT OK r,()i;i) ms(;ai{-tiii<; pacific uailway iull. 1S72. .•ill to (liH'ido, iil'tt'r a cavi'l'iil survey, which would be the host lino lor the railway, and who wore (ho liosi caiutalisis to l)o ontvustcd witli Imildinti- il- Alter some dol)ato, Hon. Mr. Mackcn/icsanicnd- nicnt wa.s ] ni and lost on division: Voa.'^, oj ; Nays. !t7. 14. — lion. Mr. Mackon/io thon .said that he desired to t;ol an oxiircssion of opinion iVomthc ii,.M. Ml, Hoii.so on thesuhjcrt of the land :iiih"lrrH'iil with JKilli'V ol llu' (.TovemnitMit as li'tu-'l 11. I'liT lliiin' • 1 1^.11 1 I 1 i.^i"i-. i-onveycd ni tlif IJill. lie ariiued thai acliial sclliers ouulit to ho allowed lo onler iipnn I lie lands aJoUL;- the railway whether they were in the l)locks reserved I'or the Government, or tho.se any: and moved, seconded hy lion. Mr. Dorion, "That the Hill be referred hack to tlie Coniniittee ol' the Whole with instructions so to anienrevent provision beinii' made I'or setlinu' apart a portion ol' the laiul reserved i»y the tJovernmcnt. in tiie alternate blocks or elsewhere, as Tree li'rants to actual .settlers." Sir John A. Macdonald said liiat the hon. n'cntleman liad objected lo the road because the country was iu)t able lo albu'd it, and now he wanti'd to take away the bi'st .security the country had I o oiler tor huildinu' the road. It was all nonsense to sui)|H>se tliat the i)cnple of Canada were ii()in<>' to build the road lor the comlorl and c(>nveni(>nce ol' emiu'rants from the Old Country, .so that ihey may have a railroad runniiiii' i)ast their doors; there wsis plenty of land outside the twenty mili' belt wiiich wiuild be iii\ei! to settlers free, l)ut tills belt of twenty miles w iis looke eU'ect that I lie subsidy of money aiul land should he made l)y annual uraiits by rarii.iment. which was losi on division, and the amended Bill was then read a second time. 1.'). — On the Rill cominii' up for the third readinii', on the lirsl of .liine. Hon. M.. Wood auain moved his amendnn'iit .,., ,, ,, , I III' lull |.il>-i'.|. that the subsidy to the Cumpanv "'"'■"■''■'■ should be made by annual li'rant by rarliament. which was neii-atived liy a vote. :]:'> lor, 100 aaaiiist. Mr. INlills th.'ii moved in amendmenl, "Thai the said liill lie recommitted to a Cdiii- mittee of tile Whole lo make provision tiiat the (lovernment sliall imi ha\e power to urant to any Company, whicii has amonn'si its share- holders a Member or Memhers of Parliament, the public monies and jmblic lands ,s,.t apart by this Hill I'or tiie construction of the Pacilic Railway, ' which was lost on a division : Yea.s, 4J ; Nays, So. The liill was then read a third time and i>assed. The bill was discus>ed in the Senate on the (lib and Tlh of .lime, and a trilline' ameiidniein ui.ide to the third clause, which was aiirci'd to by the House, on the 11th, and consi'Ut was L;iven to the ]?iil on the 14tli, when the House was pioroi^iied. We have followed this ]?ill tliroiiu'li step by step, xcry carefully to show the olijections which were raised to it by tlie Opposition, as liiey ha\e ureal bearinu' on what was rfierwards known as • The Pacilic Scandal. ' The gravamen of these objections was, thai hy alirou'aliiii!' its power of re\ i-ion of all charters, before u'raiilinii' iheiii, Parlianient placed in tiie hands of ihe ( io\eriinieiit of the day tin,' i>ower to u'raiil the Charter to such parties as ihey pleased, on what terms they liked; and the gravamen ol' the charges sul>se(picntly made by Hon. Mr. Itun- tiiuiton (Jiid of April, l><7-'>), was, that the l'ear.s en I erl ail led by tlie Opposition iiad liceii reali/cd, and that the (roveriiiiiciit lia I ; ^ i I -i iill Jl !! hi ;iii"i .•J12 TITTMIS IIIST()I{Y OF TIIH IH).M1.\I()N OK CANADA. ClIArTER XXVII. i.oVIIINMKNI' OF l.cl.'h MSCA l; — TIIF 'I'i.hA'rV oi WA.^IilNfi'l'M.N. 1 "i.iK TiM.VTV iiK W'ASIlINdToN (".VUSKI) m TIIK At riDX . I'lini-dSAii to aim'ointa .loINT HlOll CoMMI.-iSION -VdliKKl) To HY TIIK United Stvtk.-^. — <>. Tin-: ri.-opo.-^vii ok a Commission wki.i, UKci-.n kd in Canada. — 7. MlCKTlNd OK THK < 'oMMISSION KIIS Al' WasII- INdTON, :i7rM KKIUilAWY, 1M71.— 8. TlIK AmkKHAN CoM.MISSIoNKUS DK.dMNK To ACCKPT liKrU'WoCITV AS A UASIS Koll N Kdo- TiATioNs — II. The A mkkican Commissioneks oKKKIf SI. 0(10,000 Kol: illK KldllT To USE THE Kisiii:i;iKs Koi; k\ ek. — 10. RKtnrKociTY in (■o\l., .-ALT AM) KlSIl OKKKK'ED, — 11. 'I'lIE IIASISOKAN Ai;ifA\(iEMENI KINAI AdIfKEDTo. — 12. JiEMAIJKS o\ TIIK TKK'MS AOUKKD oN. — l.'J. NwidATi'iN OK iiii: rSr. I.wvijknce. Tkans- I'ol.'TATloN IN i;oND. \('. A l!TIC',ES 2() To :;:'. — II. 'I'liK San Ji'an IJoindahy (jI'Iv-^tion. .\i;t!ci.es '.'A ro 42. — 1.'>. Canada's ('i,aims io INDK.MNIIY KoR FkNIAN iiAIDS IIK.IKCTED la TIIK CoM.MISSjoNKKS. 1. — It is a curious I'ikM (hitt to Canada Kiiiihnul OWL'S the sctlli'iacnt ol' a (jiU'stioii wliii" had lor rii.'TrcMr.v..r oiirhl voars ln'cii a troiibn'soint' Wll-lllllUlMIl llll-lil ' , ' 1 1111 111 I..KI.I inn ..I ill.' (iiic to lii'i' and had almost led ''itill'lipiM '111.., i.">'n.in.' I. her iiiti) war with Iho I iiitcd Stall's, and lliat it was duo to the arlioii of llic Canadian .Ministry tiial tiioso n('i>'otiatioiis won? in.siilnicd wiii' li vi'sultcd in ihi' Treaty ol' Wasli- inyloji 111 1871, and the I'stnhlislutiuiiL ol' tlic I i)rt'(;('d<'in ol'sftiiin^i' l>y Arhitratiou such inipor- I Unit niatlcr.s as the " Alabama'' claims, and other (|Uc.'-ii(ins hciwccn the two Nations w'liich the j diplomalisis ol' ihe two countries had Jound it , impo' .1 ill' Io saiislactorily arrange al'ler years ol' VI iui! uious corn'-))"iidence nn tlu,' subjecis, and ihe oj>cnini^ and ; njakine >,n ol' many lu'iiotiatious. Ol' course, wc do ii'it wa\ that the idea ol' submittiv ;■ the NcitlcTrninit "I" the "Alabama" claims, to a bo rd "!' .'• vl)i'raiors oriiiinated with the Cinadian (lovei:,.:neni — : that honor belongs to Mr. Charles Francis ' Aredations of Southern cruisers, in v\hi( h Camxda had no share er p.iil, nol uiixcd up with the l'"enian K'aidt ciidnis and liic riuht of Canada to her own li.shciies; but, as an integral part ol the Empire we had. of course, ail iniercst in all that all'ected the ICmpire at I li'.iv' liul if our individual interest s'llfcied a littl. • had to con.sole ourselves witii ilic reliection that it was for the general peace and Wi'll being of the whole Empire at large. 2. — Tile loiitinued encroachments o|' I iiili'd States lishcrmen into Canadian waters, and the open encouragement given to ... I'll ■! i I ji 1 """■ ■^'i'' e.uiipiii'iiv I'eiiian tillil)Usters by the people, niisM.in i.i Kimiin.i if not by the (iovernmenl of the United States^ had cau.sed so much ill-l'eelini; and dissatisfaction in Canada that tiiedoveni- meiit felt that it was nece.ssary that a strong ellbrt should be made to have these questions delinitely and satisfactorily settled. Accordingly, f!i)\'Ki;N.MKNT ()!•' LORD MSriAI?— TIIH WASIIINTITON TIIHATY. :;i:! on the lull of Jiiiit', 187'>. iiii Oicloi-iii-Couiicil was adopted to the etti'ft that it was cxiitdi. i. that a inciiihiM- of the Priv; ('ouiicil should proiet'd to Enj^laud and have a persoi'd iiitcr- viow with im'ml)L'rs of llcv Maj(>sty <.iov»*rn- mi'iit on " Iht- proposed withdrawal of Iinpcrial troops from Cauiula ; tlic ([Urslioii of forlilii'a- tions; the rciont invasion of Canadian Territory by citizens of the United States, and the previous ; liirealsandhitslilc preparations which ('onipelled the (covernint.'nt to call out ihe Militia, and to obtain the consent of I'ariianient to the suspen- sion of th(> Habeas Corpus Ail ; the systematie trespasses on Canadian iishinn' liiounds l>v United States lishernien, and the unsettled (jiiestiou as to the limits within which foreigners can iish under the Treaty of 1>S1S."* J{y the same order the lion. Alexander Cainpbeji, Post- niaster-Creneral, was appointed as tlie nuMnher of the I'rivy Couiiiil to consult witli Her Majesty's Ministers, and he sailed for Knyland shortly after. Owing to the death of Lord Claroudou, and ihe eon.se(iuenl appointment of the Earl of Kimberley to the Colonial Secretary- ship, there was some little delay in Hon. Ivlr. CampbeU's completing his mission, and it was not until the end of July that he succeeded in arriving at an understandiny- with the Colonial Secretary on the dill'ercnt subjects biought under his notice What his understanding was will be best arrived at by (piotiuii' from the report of the Hon. Mr. Campbell to Sir John Young, under date 10th Septeml)cr, 187i>, and from Lord Kimberluy's dispatch, under date 27th July, 1S70, taking the four sul)je( ts, Fenian raids; Withdrawal of the trooi)s ; Fisheries, and Fortilications, as dealt with in Hon. Mr. Campludl's report. ;i. — On the question of indemnity for l''enian invasions. Hon. Mr. Campbell urued the amount of loss, trouble and expense to linn. Ml. (■.iinplicll''' 1 ■ 1 /. 1 111' ri'iHiri. I'hu iiiiiiiii wliich Canada iiatl lor nuinv years been ;>ul l)y the ''eiuan marauders, " ihat th( se mt n were American citizens, manv of Ihcin not even Irish bv descent ; • l')\tnii'l Irorn II llrpnil nf ii ('iniiiiiilli'iMir llii' I'riv v CiMiiii-il/iih .luiir, 187(1. that they were enlistei; arn.e.l, and d'ii!. d in ' til-' laru'e cities of Ihe L'nion. u^ de" .he o -dor- j of a Fenian Congress and Execiitive a.^.uuiing the pretentions of a (lovernment, the ^'.ilhng occasionally even lakiim' place in com) )iy '\ ith Militia Corps, under oliicers beiiev'-' to hold commissions under the Ooveriim --l oj" (he United Slates, the United Stales joui :; Is .f' the day <4'iving the luUest publicity to ev 'lyihiii'.; which was being dom>." He then dwelt at some leiiiith on the raid of 18(It!, and the claim for indemnity made by Messrs. Mac liuhting bat.Ic^ wliic'i were not I ours but those of ihe Finpi \V" were (|uito ready as a portion of •■ i.n'piic to bear our I share of the.se or any * ■ r lronl)le.-, in which , the country niiLiht be invul -ed, i.nl it was not fair that we should be allowed •(> huli'er alone j for all the losses ana onscineaces of the Impel . il Acts or policy w 1 ch were comi)lained of, and I stroinrly urged that I- r the past and I the future, should anj further Fenian l roubles I arise, the I'ilmpire, as a whole, should bear the , burden of resisting such attacks, and that Canada [ sliould only contribute as a portion of Ihe Empire. " In his despatch to Sir John Young, Lord Kimberley says on tins iicad ; "Her Majesty's Oovernmeiit have carefully considered what steps it would be advisable to take in this ■'' i'\ I'i \u- !|i|i' .8 n? y^^i^'l :n» TI'TTLI'/S HISTORY '>;•' 'ri||.: Do.MlXK )\ ol" (.'AXAhA. -Ill 111 ' t; !i Ji :r.!':! i: ,ii| ii.i mattcM-, ;iihI I Ikivo to adv iisi' you thai lln'v ;irf of opinion thiit ii\ tlu; lii'.sl iustaiioc your MiiUMors should draw up a lull and aulht'Ulii' slatemont ol' thi' I'aits and ol" tin- claims \vhiih thoy lound upon tlu-ni. This stateracnt should bo trausniiiti'd ])y you to llor Majesty's (iovrn- mi'ut. in order that it may t)e laid by them before the (iovernment of the I'nited States, and I need sraroely say that whilst it should contain everything which is material to the case, it should 1)0 a document of such a character, as may proj^erly be communicated to the Grovern- ment of a State with whiromised "he would consider it himself ami obtain early consideration of ii by his coUcaiiiios, lottinii' the Canadian Covernr.iont kiu)w^ wluit '.iow was tak>'n.' 4. — It is not necessary toilwell on tho subjei t of the withdrawal of tl • tvoojis. whii'h has been iinn.M,- c„m,.hcirs "li'^^dy dealt with (Chapter xvii : ro|,..rt.rh.lVlu,,.>. p,,j._ ,;j^ ,,oj. ^^.j,!^ (li.. J^ouU for Fortilicatious. the A<'i ^iUarantoeiny which was passed by the Impeiial I'.n'liameut : we will therefore, prod'od to the only other (|uestion lion. Mr. Campbell had lo deal with, namely, the lisheries. lion. Mr. Campbell in his report says on this head: -I urged upon Lord Kinilverley, th(> great importance to Canada of the lisheries. which employed a large uum!)er of seamen, and had ma)iy olhileral pursuits ami industries depciulent upon them Wv possessed the whole of the herrinii' and mackerol lisheries on the western side of the Allaniic. the Americans havinu' no in-shore fisheries of any areat value. This possession wa.' oi the hi-t importance to us, and we felt excee»!!n,!y auxifU'.- that it should be maintained in acec'danc with featy rights. Induced by a strong .sense of tlio ret.ponsibility involved in tho matter, and oat of dctereu'^e to Imperial views, we had jnoposed, in 18t',.",, the License System; we had given every possible opeiiiiui' in this direction, at a sucrilice of om- immediate interests in ordei- that our alfairs might not teiul to endanger the peace of the lunpire. This system had been continued to th.' present year, and we were satislied that no ad- vant;igeous results would be obtained from il. Lord Kiml)erley admitted that the time had conii' when Canadians might reitsonal)ly expect ihat the stale of thiims anterior to the Recipro. iiy Treaty should be r.'vcrted to. or that some other delinite arrangement with the Americans, on this subject, shoulil bo arrived at. lie added tliiit he was glad that 1 had not mixed upthotwo (pie^. tions of Reciprocity and the fisheries, l»ecau>e he saw no reason to ex[)ec| a renewal ol' that ' trinity; he aureeil, he said, that tlie Fisherii's (juestion should t)0 treated by itself. [ said that ' w'o in Canada had arrived at similar conclu-sioiis. The jiolicy of coiiiiliation had been I'lUly trii'd. and we ceased to expect anything from the Americans from it. Wt; thouiilit the only course now open to us was to ask the Imperial (loxeiii- meut to fall back upon the rights which we ,, enjoyed and maintained anterior to the IJeci- I procily Treaty, and 1 was directed to re(|iii>| this at the hands of the Government. Loiil Kim})erley said there miiiht be some sentativo from Canada should be upon it, and that its sittings shrndd be held in Ameriia, and if i)ossible in Ottawa or Halifax." Lord Kimberley, in his dispatch says: -'On this l^oint (the imjtection of Canadian lisheries) 1 concur with your Mini ters, that it wnuld lie ' desirable that the questions whi(di have been so M long ni disi)ute will; the Inited States, as to th. ri-h shot Coll app 0. Tho fn.,,. .loiiii ('"iiiiii SMIi' >tat app' CoVKIJXMKNT Ol" I,(»ni> LISCA I!-T1IH WASIHN'dTON' TItKATY ;!15 ' the fft'Oiiraphiciil limits ol' llii' cxclnsivt' lisliinu' riiihl.s of Ciiiiiula uiulov tin- Trciily <'!' ISls, should he soil led by ;i joint J'.rilish iiiid Aiti('ri(!;ui C'omiuissioii on which tho Domiiiioii should be rcprt'scnlod. llor Mnjivsiy's (io\ ciinuriit will l)VopoM' to I lie I'liiicd Shiti's Goxcnuiit'ut the ai>poiiituii'iil ol' such a Couunissioii. " ;■).— On tlu' 2Glh nl .liuuuuy. iSTl.Sir lulward Thornton, British Minister at Washinuton, by i'ri.|i,.-iii t.i.ii iiii.i diriH'tioii ol' Ivu'l (Irauvillt'. ■ Iniut HiltU , , , . I 1 T Ciiitiiiiij'i.inii auric'i addrcsscil a loitor ti> the IIdu. Ill \i\ ilie I'liilfd *"""'"• llaniulon 1" ish. Sccn'tary ol' Stall" ol' the I'liilfd Slates, proposiiiu' the appoinlmeiil oi' a Joint Iliuli Commission, to hold its sessions at \\ a>hiiiL;'ton. to •'treat ol and di.scuss the mode ol' settlinu- the dillereiil qiu'stioiis which have arisen out of the Fish- r erics, as well as all those which ail'oct the ' relations of the United .States towards Her Majesty's Possessions in North America." Mr. Fish replied, under dale rjuth January, ISTl, that the rresideiit approved of the proposal to appoint a Joint lliuh C'ominis.sion on the Fish- eri(>s ipiestion ; but wa-« of opinion "tiiiil the removal of liie dill'eiem-es which arose durinii' the rebellion in the Inited States, and which lia\e existed since I lieu, n'rowins"- out of the acts committed by the several armed vessels which Iiave 'iiven ri.se to the claims eenorally known as the -Alabama t'lainis,' will also be essential to the resioratioii of cordial and amicable relations between the two Govern- ments." and, iheiefore, proposed -'that this sulijeet also may be Heated of by the proposed , Hig-h Commission." This proposition was at once teleurai)he(l to iiOrd (iraiiville; and Sir Edward Thornton advised Mr Fish, iimler date 1st February, tiiat he had lieeii instriKled toaicept tile proposal " provided that all other claims, both of Ijriiish sid)jects and citizens of the United States, arisinu" out of acts committed dnriiiii' the recent civil war in this country, are similarly referred to the same Commission," Mr. Fish, under date -'Ird February, acceded to tlii> "if there be other and fnriher . lainis," and ihe preliminary proposals beiny ilms made and u<;reed to, both sides proci'cded lo appoint I Commissioners at (nice, so that no time might be lost in the meetina," of Ihe Commi.ssiom'rs and the commencement of their labors. (i. — We have traced the. early steps of the neuoliatioiis with rel'erenct' to the appointment of a Joint Hi-ih Commission , 11-1 ""' l'i'"l"'«al ipI'ii somewhat at lenii'tn m order to coMllni.■i^'iml wfii ... icceiviil ill Caiiaila. show that althouu'ii the initia- tive was taken by Canada, still the United States Government wa-i not slow lo acce|)t the proposal, but took advantage of the oiler to surliest that the sco))!- of the Commission should be so enlar<^ed that a (jiiestion of vital Imperial interest should be introduced, and, therefore, take precedence of tin; one of almost purely Colonial inteiiest ; and tlie IJritish Government was, also, very williiu;' that all " liendinu' <|ucstions between this country and the Fnited States "* should be submitted to tjie Commissioners, as by mixiim' all the " pendinc;' (juestioiis " up together a settlement of the •'Alabama Claims" mi!>-lit be arrived at — a consummation which it did not appear at ail likely would ever be reaehed as long as they were considered l»y theinselves only. In other words, both (ireat Hritarn and the United States were very willing' that the l\,o tpiestions of the l-"isiieries and the Alaliama claims should be considered loeether. so that one may ser\e. as it were, as an ollset to the other, ami two troublesome (juestions settled at once — e\ cii if it was somewhat at the expense of Canada. The proposal ol ihe ;ip|ioinlmeiii of a Joint lliuh Commission was Lieiieially well leeeived throuii^hout Canada, for it was supposed thai n// (|Ueslions at issue between Canada and the Inited States would be submitted, and that the Fenian claims would be considered as well as the l"'isheries and other (juestions ; but it will presently be .seen that, altiiough the proposition of Sir I'Alward Thornton was for a Commission to -'discuss the mode of sell ling the dill'erent (luestions which have arisen out ol the Fish- eries, as well as (/// Hiose whieh allect the relations of the United States towards Her K.ul leamillu's ili.'^|..ilih to sir Ivlwarl I'liuriilnn, -.inl I'rliriiar.v . IHTI. ^ :;i(; TITTLHS IIISTOKV Ol' TllH DOMINION OF CANADA. !! !^ii ! i ' ill M.'c|jtii:..r 111.- ''..|nnii->inlirrs ; WiisLiiiLloii JTili Kcliru.iry. 1-71. Majesty's !'<>.-, ossions in North America," tlu' Iliiiti'd Stiitcs Cummissioiic, Icciiiu-rl to admit till- (luostioii (lithe F'-nian raids ilaiii's, ami the British (.'(nninisssioiiers yiehlecl to the olijectioii, 7. — The Commissioners on })e!iair of the United Slati's were appointed 1)y „he President, under date 10th February, and 'l those on ])ehall' oi' Great liritain ' under date Idth. idem., and on both sides tlu; appointees were u'entlemen ol' approved and aeUnowledged ability and hii^h standinu' in their respective countries. The American Ccmimi.ssioners were Messrs. llamillon Kish. Secretary ol' State ; liobevt C. Schenck. United States Minister to Oreat Britain ; Sammd Nelson, l"di:i> ol the U. S. Supreme Court ; Kx-.Tudize E. K. Hoar of M.assachusetts, and GeorLie H. Williams, of Oregon. On l)ehalf of Groat Britain the Commissi mors were, Karl de Grey and K'ipon, President ol' the I'rivy Council ; Sir Stall'ord Nnrthcoto, M.l'. ; Sir Edward Thornton, British Minister at Washinu'ton ; Sir John A. Macdonald, Premier of Canada: and liernard Montague, j'^scp, Professor of Internatiuiiiil Law. in the University of Oxford. Lord Tenterden acted as Secretary to the British Commissioners, and Mr. J. C. Bancroft Davis, to the .\meiicaii. The first meeting was held on the 2Tlh I'obruary. and th(> Commission adjourned from time to time, having thirty-seven sittings altogether, until the eighth of May, wl'.eu the Treaty of Washington was signed. With that portion o,' the meetings, and of the Treaty, which refer to the se'tloment of the Alabama chiims we do not pioi)ose to deal, conluiin-i ourselves to those article'^ of the Treaty which refer to Canada, and the discussions which arose on them, drawing our information fro:n the protocols of the conferences drawn uji by Lord Teuteidon and Mr. J. C. Bancroft Davis, wiio Were apjiointcd Joint Prolocolists.* Of course, • \Vc uiSK liel..\v .Aitiil.'? W til :i.i 111 tho Trciily, licinif tljii.''o wliiih rt'l.'iK' iii'ire I'.iriii'iijarb' liiCiniiidn ; IIIK I ISlll IllKS. Ainiiii .Will. — ll iMii-'Ti'i'il liy thi' lliwli Cdnlrndinn I'm-iii'- lliiit. in iiilililidn 111 lliu lilii'i'ly -I'ciircil to llu' I nitril Sliilus" lislii' riiioii liy llii' Ciiiivi'iiti'iii iii'twi'L'ii lirciil liiiliiin nml llic Initi'il Sljilrc, ciKiii'il ul liiiniliin nil till' 2l>ih iliiy uf lli'lulior. I'^IS, nf takiiii;, I'liriim, .iml 'Irviiiu ll.ili 1111 iirliiiii I'liii.-t." Ill' tliL' llritisli Xiirth Aiuuilwiii Culnnie..^ tlu'ivin the meetings of the Commissioners were private, and the result was only nnule known aflcr the terms of the Treaty were aareed to. 8. — The Joint iliuh Commission commenced the consideration of ihe F'isheries (pu^stion on the lith of March, when the British iii,. Aniiii.iin ,, . . 1 il i C.iiMlni-^iiiiiiTS ( ommissioners announceil tluvt ih. iiint..Mici'|.i . , lii'i'i|iriii-ily !i!i :i tiiey were jirepared to dtscixss iniiiKi'iniii-iiiiiiiiiiniii'. tile (juestion of the I'isheries, either in detail or li'enerally, so as cither to enter into an examina- tion of the respective rights ol' the two countries under the Treaty of IS18. and the Liencral law of nations, or to come at once to ililiiii'il, Ihi' iiili;iliiMiil.< 111' Ihi' Iii'iIimI SImick -Iwll liiiM'.iii iiimn willi till' . mulCll'cks nl' till' rinVilM'.'.- Ill l.llllllf.'. N'nVll S.'nliuMlliI .Nl'H lilUllMVi.'k. mill 111.. Cnlniiy III I'riiii-.' Kihviiril l.-lmnl. mi.l nl' tin' .-.'V.'riil i.-himl? Ilnri-iiiitn iiiljiii .'lit. Hiiliniit ii.'iiii.' r.'slri.'ti'il I. y ilialiiii..' Iinin tlii> Shnr.', Hilll |ilTllli--lnli tn 1 1 ll| itll' Hliil .'.liist* llllll ."llnr."' lll'l ishin.li. mill Mlsniiiinii 111.. .\ri.'i|;ili'n Islmiils Inr I' .' |iiir|in-o nl ilryinu tin ir ii.'l- mill I'liriiiu lli.ir li^li ; |i|in iil.'il liiiil. in ,.r.i|'.rly. .ir with Hiilii.!) li.-lnnnoM. Ill tlii; iieiicdiblo ii.iu nl' uiiy imrt nl' III.' siii.l tniii'l..' in tli.'ir ...•.■iiji.ini'v fur 111.' ^llllll' |iiir|i.«'i'. ri is iiiiilcr^tnn.l lliiil llii' iilmv. ■iiH'iilinni'.l liluTty :ilililii- snii'ly In 111.' .'r\ .'ll i-.\ilii-iv.'ly I'nr lii ili-li li'lii'iiii.n. AiiiniK .\l.\ —It i> iii-Mi-'i' 1 liy til.' Iliu'li Cniitn.^timr I'lirlicn ihiit lirilifli .-uliju'ts ."hull hiive. in iinnn with tin' .'iii'i.iis nl' iho Inili'il Siiil.'K. til.' lili.Tty, I'nr tliclcnnnr yenri iii.'iilinneil in Arlii'li; .W.XIU j 111' thi- 'I'n'iity. Inii.ki'li.'^h nl' .•; .'ry kiml, .'X.'.'iil kIu-II lirih. mi ill.' KnstiTii ■ nf the IniK'il Stati'.- nnrili nf the lliirlviiintli : piiriillcl nf nnith Imitiiili'. miil nii lln- ."liiir.is .if tho scv.'ral i-laml- thi'r.' ' iiiiin.i.lja.'cnl. mill in thi- Hay-, ll.irhnr" im.l Crocks ..f tin' -ai.l .-.'ii .'.la."!* j, ami sh.ir.'< nf ih.' I'nilu.l Stat.'.', anil nf 111.' .'.aiil islamls, Hithmit lieinn jj rcstrictiil In any iliytan.'.- frmii tho .-hnr.', "ith |t.'nlliI'^i.•ll In laiiil iiimn '. till' -aiil ii.a-ts nl 111,' liiii.il .al 11 ami shail fHh.rics, .ml all nih.'r lisli.'ri.'s in riiiTs ami imiiillis .if riv.'i- art! hoi.'liy r.'Si'rv.il I'Xilii-ivoly fur li-liiTiiien if th.' I nit. "I Sliit.'s. .\uin i.K .\.\.-ll i- atT.'.'il t lal tlii^ i.laii'.- il.'.-iirnai.'il hy llu- Cmiiiiii- siniii'i- a|i|i»iiit('i| iimliTiiie lii-i Arli.'li' nf 'In' Tri'iity liulwi'm lir.'iii liriimii 1 Ihi' Inii.il Slati'-, ii.iii'Imliil at \Va-.hiin:tnii m ihi'-'illml .llllll', I'^M. U|.nii till' I'l.asis nf II. T llrilaniiii' .Ma.ii'-lyV llniiiiiii.-'i!> ami till' I'liitiil Slat. 's as |ihii'i's r.'s.r\.'il finiii Ihi' I'nmninii riirht nf lishiiiir iiinlii- that Tn-aty, -hall In; rofc-inhil ir- in liki' nianiii'r lum'rM'il Irniii tin' .".iiiimni 1 ialit nf lishiiin iimli r tin' iir.'.'o.linj-' Arlii'lfs. In la.-i' any iiui's- li Inmlil ari.ii' lii'iwei'ii the linierninenls nl Her Urilaiinii' .Majesty ami nf ih.' I'liil.'il Stale- a- tn the iiiinninii riulit nf lishini.' in jilaees mil ilm- ilesik'iialeil 11.S reserveil, it is aureetl llnil ii Cnniinissinii -hall lie ii|i|i"ii.tiil In ilesiuiiate siieh plaees, ami ^hall he eniisliliitcd in the -nine nianmT' ,iml haie the same pi.n'ers, iliities, anil aiillmrily as the Cniiiinisinii aiipniiileil miller the saiil first .\rtielo nf the Treaty nf the ''th nf ,liiiie, W>\. Ainii I.K \\1. — ll is airri'Cil lliat. fiir the term nf yo.irs ineiitinn>iil in Aiti.lii .X.S.Mll nf this freaiy, lish-nil ami llsh nf .ill kimls (exeept fish 111 Ihe ii.laml lakes ami .i| the rivers falliiiK inln lliein, ami ese.'iil llsh pr.'serv.'il in nili, lieiiiKlhe prn.liiee nl the lishories nf tho liniiiini il Canaila.nr nf Ihiiiee Kilwanl l-laiel. nr .if the I iiileil Stales, shall he ailniilleil intn oaili eoiinliy . respectively, free nf iliity. U-.-n=. (iOVKIJXMKNT OK I.OIM) I,lS(iAI! TIIK WASIILMiTON TlillA'I'V. an a scttlomt'iit ol' the (|Ui'sti()U on a IjidihI aiul coinprohciisivo basis. Tlic Aiuciieaii Coinmis- sioiii'is thouifht that it iniiihl save tiuu' and I prevent useless distussion if il wiis lirst stated I what basis would be satisfac tory td the ISritish Coiniiiissioiii'is, il' siv ji a .ourse should be adopted in incleii-nre to discussiim' the respei t- ] ive riahts ol' both nations imdev the Treaty ol' I 181S. To tljis the Uriti.-h Commissioners re- ' plied, that they ihonyiit the (juesiion may be fairly lonsidercd on the basis ol' a renewal ol' rilMI'K\>\TJn\ |(1PI I ISIIKFIIi 1. Ahtict.k XXII.— Inil^llm^■ll US il i-^ iii-scrliMl li.v tin ii.i\ iTiiiiiciil of llcr Itriluiiiiir M:i.io-lv lliMt tlie piivilc!iri'~ iui'ciiili'cl in tln' rilizciis cif lliu I'liilcMl Siiili>:> iihcliT Arliilc will "f 'hi' 'I'rciil.v uri' ol' icrviiii'r viiliic lliiiii Iho-i' Mi'i-orili-.i li.v Ariicii- Xl.\ iiinl .\.M ol ilii" Tmiiy lo ilic Kiilije''!' "I Hit liiitiiiiiiir .\l.iic4|y,iiii'l ihi^ ii^-oriiMii i> not M ctiitc'cl in .\rliili'- \l.\ uiiil.X.M of tlii< Trraty. llie iinioiiiil "I iiiiy c'oiiipciisiilioii wliii-h, ill thi'ir o|oiiinn, oiiirlit lo Ik- puiil liy the lioxeni- iiifliil ot Ihi' IimUmI . lici'or'lcd lo the i'iti/.i*i;> of the I'liiipil Stiili*> Uii'li'i- .\rlirlc .Will of this Tri'Uiy : mihI tliiil any sciin of i uy wliiih Ihi' -iii'l Coininis-ioni'i-s niuy i., MWMrcl shiill ho puiil liy thi' I nitcil Sliitos liovcriiiiM'tit, ill :i tfro-,- .-uin, within twelvi' inoiith!< after .~ueh award ■*lmll h:i\»- hceii ^'i\^*ll. .Aiiriri.K .\.\ll!. The eoiniiii"ioncis ri'ferreil to in the |ireee>linK .Arlit'le shall he a|<|>oiritei| in the followiin; manner. Ihal i.s lo say ;~One Ooinmissioner shall ho natiioil hy llvr Itrilatinie .M i.ii'sty, one hy the I're- siilenl of the I'niieil States, iiikI M IhinI hy llcr liritannie .Ma.iesiy unci the I're-idenl of the I'niled States eoii.ioinily : and in e:iso the third Coiiiuii.^sioner sintll iiol have hee'i so named within a period of three months from tlie date wlien this .\rliele -hall take etfeet. then the third Commissioner -h. ill he naim-d l-ythe l!e|' the Mmi'i-'or of Austria and Kiiitf of llnmrary. Ine.-iseof ihe de-!'!:. a!;, i ,M e, Ol iniMparity ol any Commissioner, or in the e\ent of ;iny Commi.ssioiier omillimr m* eeasiii^ in act. the v;n-;iiie\' shal lie tilled in Ihe iniinner horeiniielore provided for makimr the original appointment, Ihe poriocl id three monlhs in ease of siieh siihsiiiiiiion iieim; ealenlaied trom the date of the happening of the \jieiiney. 'I'lie Commi.ssii)ncrs su named shall meet in Ihe City of llalifa\, in the I'rovinee of .Nova Seotia, al llie earliest I'.invcnieiit period after iliey ha\i' heen respeetively named d .shall, hefore proeeedim; to any loisini... ni.ike and snhserihe ttsolenin deelar.ilion that llieyHill imparlially and '■.ireliillv examine and deeide the in iller- releried to them to iheliesi of liii'ir iiidt'inenl. mid aeeordini.' lojii-iiee an.leiinily ; ami sii.h deela rat ion shall he entered mi the reeord of their proeeediin-'s. Kaeh of the HIkIi Coniiieiim; I'arlio.s shall aljo name one person to iillend Ihe Commission ns its aifetil, to ro|ire.sinl il venerally in all matters eoiinciteil with the Commission. Aliilii.K X.\l\'.— The proiiM'diiii:sshall I ndiieiedin mieh iirderiislho Cnininissioiiers appointi-d under Arlieli' .X.Mlaiid .\.\III of this Treiily .shall ilelerniiiie. Ihey .shall he lioimd loree. ivosii, ii .iral or wrilten les liniony as either i lovernniciit may present. If either Party .shall oiler oral textimoiiy, the other I'ariy shall have Ihe ridlil of eross e.xamiiiaiion, under .--ueh iiiles as the CMinmissioMer.- .-hall presi-rihe. If in the ease ''Uhnillled 111 the Coniiiiissioner.s either I'ariy shall have speeilied or ttllmled to any reporl or doinmeiil in its o«n e\eln-ive posse.ssion, with- out anncxiiiB n eopy, siioli I'ariy shall he huiind, if Ihe other I'ariy thirik.i linipur to apply for it. In furnish that parly with a eopy thereof; ami either piirty may eall upon the other, IhrouKh the Commissioners, lo prndiiee Ihe originals or I'erlified eiiiiies ol any piiper.s addiieed as Bvideme. uiiini! in eaili iiislaoee smdi reasoiiahle iioliee as llio I'oniinis- flnni r- may leipiire. The ease on either side -h.iil he elosed within a ticriial of six monlhx from the dale of IheorKani/.ationof IheCoininiiision, illid the Ciiiuimsiiiuneni shall be rc'inesled In xivu their uward ui< .sunn tu" the l\eriprority Treaty ol' l.S.")4. On the American ('onnnissioners positively declining' to acc<'pt the lieciprocity Treaty of 1S.')4, as a basis for negdtiatioiis, the British Commissioners sni'iiested that, il any coiisideialile modilicntion were made in the Tanlf airanLU'iiieiits of that Treaty, the coastiiii;' Irade of the Dominion and the Uniletl .Stales should be reciprocally thrown open, and also the naviiialion of the St. Lawrence and the use of Canadian canals. The American Commissioners ol)jected to this pos-ihle Ihoreafter. The aloresaid for three monlhs ineasuofa Mieitn •riod oi -i\ monlh- may ho eMendod o.-eiirriii:: amonif the Commissioner!" nil ler the eireiiin-laiiees eonteiupi.ited 111 .\rliele .\.\lll of this Trealy. Aurni.K \.\V.— The Commissioners shall keep an aeonrale rejord ami eorreot minutes or notes ol all their proeeediiifrs. wiili ilie dates thereof, and may appoint and emploj- a Secretary .in I any other neee-sary ■)lliOer or ollieers to assist iliein in the Iraii-aetion of the luisiness wliieh may eoino hefire lliem. K leli ol lue IIikIi Conlr.ietinx I'.irli.'s shall pay itn own t-oninii.-sioiier and .\Kenl or t'oiiLset: all other e.\pcu-es shall he defra.\ed h> the two liovernmeiils in eMUal moietieis. .\\vn,.\rio\ in ihk .>i. hwukm k. Aurtii.K .X.Wt.— The navination of Ihe River St. Lawrence. ascendiiiK and deseendiiiif' from 'lie torty-liflh parallid of north hiiiiude, where il ceases lo lorin the hi uiidar>' helweeii the two countries, trom, to, and into the .sea, shell for ever remain free and open for the i.iirposes of commerce to till-' citizens of the I nited Slate-, nuti.iecl to .iny law- and rm.'nlat O'li- ot (ireat liritaiii, or of the liominion of Canada, noi ineon-isicnt with such privileu'e of tree iniviicition. The iiaviKation of tiic Kivers \ iikon, I'nrcnpine, and .'-Itkiiie, aseendiiiK and desceiihini; from, to, and into the nea, shall for ever remain free and open for the purposes of commerce to the .suhjeefs of Her llritanie .Majesty and to tlio citizemi of the Cniled States, suhject to any law.s and reuulalions of cither eontitry within its own territory, not incimsistent with such privileue of free iiaviKiition, IA.N\OI\N I V.NAl.s \.Mi I. \ Kl .^l h 1111. AN. Aktiii.k .\WII.— I'hc ilo\ernmeiii of llcr llriiannie .Majesty enifinies to urire upon the liovernment of the liominion ot C'anada to secure lotlie I'itizeii-ot the IniledSMIes Ihe use of the Wei land. Si. Uiwrelice, and other canals in the Iioinmion on terms of euiiality with the inhahitantf of the liominion, and the liovernment of the Inited Slates eiiKiiKes that the xulijecis ot Her liritannie .Majc. i\ iiono. Anrni.K .K.\IX.— Il is agreed lh.it. for the term of yeai-s nientioned ill .Vrlicle .\.\.XIII Id this TriMiy. (foods, wares, or merchandi-e errivin« at Ihe ports of New York. Boston, and Portlaii'l. and any olljer pons in the riiited .S[;,|,.- ivliieh have hceii or may Iroiu tinn' lo liiiiu he specially di'siitnaled hy the President of the (nited Stales, and ilesti I lor tier llriiannie iMajcst.v's Possessions in .Vorlh .Vincriea, may he oiilered at the proper Custom-' house and cmveye.l in transit, without the paymenl of duties, Ihrouuli the territory of the I nitcrl Stales, under sueli nih'S. leKulations, and eondiiions for tin' pioicction of the revenue as the ijinernmenl ot the I'niled Slates m.iy from lime In time prescrihe; iini^. under like rules, reaulal ions, and conditions, ir Is. w.ires. or meielnin- dise may he coiue.ved in Ir.iiisit. without the p.'i.Muciil ot duties, frni'u *H if* 'H % J u i'li I I \mM I iis! Illi i .•IIS 'ITTTI.IIS IIISTOI.'V (H'Tlli: lioMl.MoN t )F (ANA DA. n proposal, anhes. (hi the (|Uesiiou> of the nuv ina- tioii ol' the St. I,a\\ leiiee and I he iisi' ol' ( 'anadian eaiials they prei'erred not to mix them up with the Fisheiies ipie>tii)ii. hut to deal with them and and other eomnieiciai on ihiN suhjtM.'l resti-d for a lew days, the British Comndssioners nnikinii' no riirlher siiijL>-eslion, and stil! Iteinii' anxious to aceoniplish a settlement on a t)asisor lie iproeity, il' pos.sihle. SCI.'h l'.i,i,.i-,-i..M^ lilli'll^'li llir IrllilMry i.f 111.' I hili-.l SfMli- Inr 1v\|.m1I Inmi llif siiiil iicirl^ iil'llif CriiCi'.l Sial. -. |i i.- rnrllii-r.iitn-i-i| tlmi tun lie tiki' |i>'ri'"l K'KxIy, Willi'-, nr iMi'i'i'liah'li-i' arriviiiir iil any iil lln' |iimI.« iil lloi lirilaiiiiir Maji-lv'^ I'n-i'.-'iiins in .\..i-(li AnuTii-.i .inil ilr-li I Inr llir Inili'rl Sliilr'' may lii' iMiliTnl al the |.i()|m'|' ('ll^lllnl^' Inui-i' iiml I'iMjvrvuil ill Inilniil, wilhulll tin' |';i.\imlll iif illllit", /llliMli;li llli^ ^aicl l'ip>-i'--ii.ii:^. llnilci- -ni'll rnlr.< jml ir;:iil.in.in.-. ali'l •■onililinlis tor lllr |iri)l«-liiiii lit' ll»> ri'MMiiii'. :i- llio iMi\i'riiiiii-iii.. u| till, .-aiil I'li'so.-^iipii.- iiniy til. Ill liiiii' I" liiiii' i.ir.-i-iil.c : iiiiil iiihIit lilu- riilv>, ri«iiliiliun,-, ainl I'liniliiiiiii^. i;iiiii|j. Willi'-, iir niiTi iiiiiiili-i' may In' CMuviyi'il in traiisil, williimt i.ayiiu'iil i.l Jiilii'-. Inim iliv I nili'il Sialr- llinnitli llii' naiil I'lHiTK-iniiy iiMitlii'i' |i|,ii'i'- in llii' I'liiii'ij Stall'-, I r Inr i'X|...rt Inuii |i"il- iii 111!' -aiil l'ii-.i'«-iiiii... .Viiiii'i.i .\.\.\.— Il inanrei'il tlial fnr llii' ti'ini nf y.'ai- moiiliinii-.l in .Article .\.\.\lll nf thi- liiiitj. siibii'il.- nt Hit liiilaiini.' Miiii-sly may fany in liritisli M'-.-el.-, wiiliniit iiaymi'ul nl .luty. kkimI.-, wari'.-. nr mer.-liaii.li-r Ir.im mn' |.nit nr iilai'i' willuii tin' li'rriloiy nl llie I niliil Stall'.- iiimii Ihu St. l,awri'ni'u. llio (.'ri'al l,iki- ami tin' llivcri' unniii'iilimr Iho .-.ime, I" iiiinllmr pnit nr plai-i^ willnn llm Irrritnry nl' Hie liiitej Stales an iilnri-aiil: Pmviileil. tlial a i.nriii.n i.r .-lu-li lran.«|M.r'.iliip|i i- imi'li' Ihrnuiili llui linmininii nl Cm ulii liy luiiil carriatjo ami in liunil. uii.ler sik'Ii ruli- ami rennlalinns a.- may br aurreit ii|>n|i between tlie nl as the hasis lor li-inriis t..reiir, the purclia.se ol' the riyht to lisli in peri>etuily. They allected to iVLiard the lisheries as of \erv little monetary importaiiic.andoireivdsil.nilO.Oiio as a lair siiuj to irjve lor the riii'ht in perpetiiilv This oiler the liiitish Commissioners dediiu'd as altoiiclher inadeipuite. and held that no iirraiiue- iiieiil would he accep|;il)le w hieh did not provide lor the free admission ol iish and li>li oil ; th.'V also strongly ohjeeted to the sale of the rii^ht in perpetuity. Durinii- this discussion the (pieslimi ol' the jurisdiilion ol' the A'arious Prox ince.N in tlio l-'ishories was l)icnmht up, and the American iM-i)iti t.i nis ii\ I.l Miii-:ic. AiiTirti: X.XXI.— The ilowrniiieni of Her llritiiiiiii.' Ma.ie-ty I'lirther enifiii/es to iirue iiimii the I'ailiatiient of the Dominion of Cana.la an. I the l,ei.'islatiire ol .New liriinswiek, lliat im rxi.i.rl .Inly, or olliir duty, shall be levie.l un lumber ..r timber nl .my kimi cut on that (.orlioiiot the .Vmeri.aii lerriloryiii tin' State ..f .Maine watere.l by the I'iver Si. .luliii ami it- In bill aril", an. I ll'..lti'.| dmn ilia I ri'ir t.. the -.'i.. ii hen- the ^.iliii' is -lii|i|ie.| to the Initi'.l St.ites troin the I'rovinie nf .\ew llriin-ni.k. .\iid, ill I'lise any such exi..trt or other .Inly .'oiitiiiiies to be b-vied after the ex|iir:iti.iii of .ine .\ea:' rr.iiii the liiite nf the e.xcliaiiL'e nf the nitilica- lionsiiftlii-rreaty.il is avreeil that the llnvernnient nl the rnite. I Stales may sii.-|ieml ilio ri'jjil of ■arr,\iiiL' hereinbefore irranted iindi-r .Viticle .\XX of Illi- Treaty, b.r -ii. ii t.erin.l a- -n.li e\|...rt or ..Ih. r .Inly may !..• leiie.l. IIIKIIV M iV M'l'l.l 111 \KH im \ 111. I Ml. .Villi, i.i ."^Vll.— Il i- Inn her UL-reed I ha I the inovisioli- anil stiimla- linn- nl .Vrli.:.'- .> ■Ill tn.X.Wnt this Tre.ily, ineln-ii e, -hall exleml tn the Inbi'iy of .\i'Wlniin.|lali.|, S.I fara- lliey an' ii|.|.li.':ibli'. Hut if the Iiiitieriiil I'arli.imenl, tie- 1,< ifi-latiire nf .N'ewfonndland, or the Cniitrrcss of the I'nited Slate-, -hall not embrace the Colniiy nf .\e» b.iiii.llali.l in their lawi" cnaeled for earryini! the foi-i'i;oiiiK iirtiele- into ellei-i, then tliis .Article shall be nl no etfeel : bill the omission to make |'i-n\ i-ioii li\ law to Ki\e it ell'ei't, by either of the I.ecislaiiv e boilies iifiire.-aiil, shall not in any «'a.\ iiii|iairaiiy oilier .Ariiele- ol thi.s Treaty. .issiAi 111 I'liovix.-K.- iiKiji mm. Ann. IK .WXIII.-The liirei:..iiii: .Viticle- X V I II In XX\ imbi-ive, and Ariiele .\.\.\ nf this Trealv . -ball take eUeel ii« soon as the laws reiiiiircd to early llii'in into ..|,ii-.iiinii shall have been iiasse.l by the I III 1. 1 rial I'.ii'liameiil nl lireat riritain, by the I'arlianient of Canada, and by the Itei-'islalnre of Prince K.luiird [-liiii.l on liie niio liimd, and by the ConKtes- nf the I'liile.l Stall's on the oilier. Such a.-sciil liaviiiir- been irivcii, the said .Vrtieles stiall remain in force for the tierind of len years fiiiiii the dale at which they may cnine into ii|M'ratinii. and I'lirther, until the i'.x|.ii-alioii of two years iiflcr either of the lliuh Contraelimt Parties -hall liavi' ifiven imtii-e to the nther of it- wish to terininate the same: each nf the HIkIi C..nli-aitinii Parties beiiii: at lib.'i-iy to jrive such notice to the nihi'r III the en. I of the -.lid iii'ri.id nf ten years or ill any lime aflel-vvar.l. Mil; s \.N- .11 .w cm M'\H\-. Ariiele- X.\l\' lo Xldl inelii-i\e iirnvi.le for the settlement of the boun.l.iry line between the rnited Slate- and Ilrili-li Cnliiiiibia, kicivn as the San .Iiiiiii P.oiiii.lary .|Uisli.iii,lhe matter to be loll to the Kmi.cror of ilermaiiyto..li'cide whether the Anierican iiiti-riu-ctali f the I'lcaly .if p*!.-', by which tin > eliiii I that the Canal .le llai.i was the di\ idinn line, nr the Kiii-'li-li intertireiali which iiia.le the linsiiri.. Strait the .liu.liiiK line, was cnrrcLt. lli.s .lecisinii in the iiiiilti'r tube linal aii.l witlmut ii|i|ical. bntli luirtiox iiKreeiiiK In abide by it. (ioVKI.'NMK.NT ( H" l,()i;i> I.lSCAi; IIIK \VASIIIN(,"I'().\ ■IIJKA'I'V. 81!i ComiMissioiH'is wi'if iiiloniu'd (lint the iMslu'iics uitliiii lln' liuiils ol" iniiviliiiii' juris'Ut. 10. — Tlu'ouuliout tlif wliolc ui-ii'Olialiini the Anii'ii( an ( 'oniuiissinntMs endeavoured to l)e- ,>,,i,,r,„,,„ i„ , I'llle tlie value of the Kislieries, ■"" iii-i' ■'"«•••' ■' deelavinu' tliat tliey were of v.Ty little eonuiiercial or intrinsic value, and that the L niled Status desired to aeijuiie a riL;lil and titio to tlieni niort! for the puri)o.se ol' reniox inroposed, or to any e\- teu'led plan of the reciprocal free admission of the products of the two ■ nuutries, They. iu)W- ovor, snu'n'i'sied that coal, sill a. id lish should he reciprocally admitted five at once, and luiiiher after tho 1st of July, 1S74. sayini;' that as one branch of Contiress luid already expressed itself in favor of remo\ini4' tho duties from coal and salt, and the whole tendency of lei;islation in tho United States was towards a reduction of taxation, they were of opinion that ("onyress might bt! disposed to moot iho views of the British Commissi ouors as far as those articles were conceriiod. n. — This ollor was made oii tho i-'tth of March, and the Uritish ( ommissionors not Tho h.isiy ..r iiii foeliuLi' authorized to accejit it, iirniiivoini'iii fiuiillv ,. , i ■ ■ , • anivi.iiii.,uMi lurther coiisiileratioii was iiost- 'wr«'i I"- poucd, lu order that they may consult their (iovoruineiit. In theinoantimo the Canadian rarliaiuent, oil tho fourth ol .\|>ril, (Si'o Chajitcr xix. par. lO). repealed the duties oil coal, suit, \-c.. which had heoii imposed duriu'^ tho ses>iiin of I^To. and, of course, it \\ as no object to till' .\meri' aus to oiler lo ad mil these articles to their inarUeiN IVee when they i ould have access to Canadian markets without liivinu; aiiylhinir in return. .\c cordiuuly. when tho dis- cussion was ri'sumod. on thi' ITlh of ,\pril. and the I'ritish Cominissioueis announced thai llo'ir (iovernmont rei;arded the oll'er as inadc((uate. and cnnsi(h'red that lumber sh-iild be admitted free and at oiico, and a money payment made in ailditioii, the American Commissioners replied t)y withiliawinu' their i>roposal altou'cther. and rovoriinu- to their original oiler of a, money payment only, suiiu'eslinii' that il'the i w o (lovern- meiits could not an)oo on the sum to bi' paid, the amount should be loft to be determined hy an impartial Commission. The Itriti-sh Commis- sioner.- replied that it woulil not be possible to come to any arraim'einont which did not admit lish and lish oil free, and that any money payment could only be for thi' rii;ht to lish lor a lixed term of years, and iioi in jicrpetuily. After some liairulini!: on the part ol the .\niericaii Commissioners, who claimed that the admission (tf Canadian lish and lish oil free to Amerieau markets was alone e(|uivaleiit to the i)rivilehcrics should be IV' c i > .'v'^ '^ -(^ o 7 1.0 ISisai :== iM 111 ,„„, I.I 1.25 2.5 ^ Lt III" Photographic Sciences Corporation U III 1.6 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 fe II M I,,.! 1 ::i !> I '! .' th I .•!-'0 Tl'TTLH'S UISTOUV oF THE DOMINION OK CANADA. Ix'twcoii ('iiiiada and the Uiiiti'd States was ciitiioly lo.-sl sig-lit ol', and the whole energies ol' the Commisfsiouers on l)olh sides were devoted to settling- how the United States could, with the greatest ease to themselves, acquire a right to which they had previously set up no claim, and the iiritish rruvinccs had evinced no desire to part with, excei)t on terms which the United States had accepted once, but now refused to renew. The whole question at issue since the revocation oi' the Reciprocity Trt>aty had been the interpretation ol' the terms of the Treaty of 1818, whether the three mile limit, marking inshore fishing, should be computed from head- land to head-land, or Irom the shore itself, following the indentations of the Bays and Creeks. The Americans had never set up the claim that they had the right to fish within three marine miles of the shore — although they con- stantly did it, — but that they had the right to enter the Hays to lish, no matter how much inside tln' line as drawn from head-land to head- land they were, so long as they kept three miles from the shore of the Bay itself; yet the Commissioners waived this (juestion entirtdy, and considered nothing biU the much more valuable privilege ol' iishing wh(>rever a Canadian fisherman had the right to fish. It is quite saf(- to say, that had the <[uestion been considered on its own merits and alone, as was the intention of the Canadian Crovernment when a .Toint Commission was proposed, no such conclusion would have been arrived at, as the surrender ol'our valuable fisheries for the paltry privilege of selling a few fish duty free to the Americans, and a problematical money payment which might amount to nothing ; but the intro- duction of the Alabama claims quite swamped till' fisheries ((uestion, and .so long as the (lladstone Administration could get that ques- tion settled at any prie(>, and that hrfe noir peacei'ully laid to rest, they cared very little how much Canadian interests were sacrificed in the endeavor to pvopitiate the Americans; that the Halifax Commission did make an award of less than one half the money value of the fisheries, and that Canada was not left wholly unrecom- pensed for her abandonment of a vaU;able right was certainly more due to the Justice of the Commissioners than to the Grovernment, which showed no great concern whether we got any- think or not. As to Sir John A. Macdonald's share in this transaction we shall have somethinsi' to say by-and-bye, but we may merely remark here that it would be preposterous to blame him for not accomplishing impossibilities — for it was impossible for him either to force Reciprocity from the Americans, situated as he was, or to prevent the sacrifice of our fisheries when the British Crovernment was anxious and willing to render them up as a peace-oH'ering. 13. — After the rejection by the American Commissioners of the proposal to consider the questions of the uaA'igation of x.iviKiiiiMnut tiiu the St. Lawrence and the use of 'TniM'sl"'i'i'"t'i"n in .1 ,, ,. , . liiiricl.,Ve. .U-lirlos the Lanadian canals in loimec- Jiiiuiu tion with the Fisheries question, these subjects were left for separate consideration. On the 23rd of March the question of the navigation of the St. Lawrence and the canals was taken up, when the British Commissioners stated that they considered that the concession of the navigation of Lake Michigan would be an equivalent for the naviiiation of the St. Lawrence. As to the canals they contended that thi' privilege of navigating the Canadian canals was much more valuable than thai of using the American canals, and asked what equivalent the American Commissioners pro- posed. The American Commissioners contended that the United States was j'ri>ady entitled to the free navigation of the St. Lawrence from the point where it ceased to form the boundary line, trom, to, and inio the sea, and they could not concede that the na\igation of Lake Michigan should be taken as an equivalent for that right. With regard to the canals they desired that an agreement should lie made to enlarge the Welland Canal, or they would not be disposed to make any concessions. They then proposed in exchange for reciprocal transit and transhipment, and the use of American canals and Lake Michigan by Canadians, that the United States should have the free naviga- iluabl(^ right \ntk'.o of tho meut, which we got auy- Mardonald's osomothiuu' ii'ely remark blame him <— for it was Jiociprocity e w^as, or to es when the d willing to -' American consider the viciili..n oC ihc l.:i»lc'iii(s ins|iiiil;iti.,ii ill ml. Ac-. Arlii-los lese subjects '11. On the ! navigation i was tak(>n '■ slated that ion of the luld be an of the St. ' contended le Canadian han that of isked what sioners pro- s contended entitl'-d to '^rence from e boundary they could 1 of Lake livalent for •auals they ie made to would not Ills. They oral transit | American dians, that •ee naviga- •■^t. '''■■^. H i \ !■< ;s^' U,! •m ! I ,i vm ii ('ih 1 in i;J, .1 h'u] , 1, • il'iH' iiu\ ii>uUOU of ll; • ''^vntwluTt: it ofdKea > '■■ui. 10, and into Uio /if ■ J.H that ih* ua I'.'.j.i^iii shoaJfl be hkv ■ iar>!f thi:' Wyliiind 0:mai, tn •.n :. The Ameri- can Commissioners replied that although no formal vote on the ratification of that Treaty had been taken in the United States Senate, still it was so well understood that that Treaty was Hvlil'il 'i;i ii^l ilM: ! i i |i !i| !!hi!|} 322 TlTTr-KS iriSTOllV OF Till-: DOMIXIOX or CAXADA. iinfiivorably regarded tliat they could not accept it as a basis for the settlement of the question, and i>ro|)(>sed that an etlbrt should be made by the Joint Iliuh Commission to settle the question without reference to that Treaty. This was agreed to. and the British Commissioners ad- duced their reasons for holding that the Rosario Straits should be taken as the boundary line under the Treaty of loth of June, 1,S4(1. The American Commissioners hold that the Ilaro Channel was the channel contemplated by that Treaty, and adduced their reasons, iucludini"' some oriaiual correspondence between the Hon. Edward Everett and the Cxovernment on the subject, which had not been alluded to in pre- vious discussions of the question. The 15ritish Commissioners could see nothing in this new correspondence to cause them to change their opinion with regard to the Kosario Straits being the channel intended. The American Commis- sioners then i>roposed that, as the Treaty of l.")th of June. 184(). miuht have been made under a I mutual misunderstanding, and that, possibly, I n(>ither ]>arty would have signed it had it been ! known what construction the other party would put on ''. therefore the whole of that part of the Treatv •■ .ting to the North-we.st "Water Boun- j dary ''.'•;. id be abrogated, and a fresh attempt \ made io re-arrange the boundary line which had : been in disi)ute before that Treaty was con- ^ eluded. The British Commissioners replied that they had r.o power to entertain the proposal to abrogate the Treaty of 1840, and, therefore, on the 2()th of March, the proposal of the American Commissioners was declined. On the mth of April, the British Commissioners proi^osed, as a compromise, that the Middle Channel, commonly knov.'u as the Douglas Channel, should be adopted as the one through which the boundary line should pass, with the understanding that all the channels through the Archipelago should be free and common to both l)arties. Tliis was declined by the American Commissioners, who proposed instead that the Haro Channel should be recognized as the one meant by the Treaty of 1846, with the under- standing that no fortifications should be erected by either party to oljstruct or command it, and that ])rovisiou should be made to protect the l>roprietary rights of liritish .subjects in the island of San Juan. The British Commissioners declined this, and stated that their GovernmeiU was .so fiiUy convinced of the justice of its interpn iation of the Treaty of 1S46, that it could not abandroper, declaring ] that what the United States Government desired was, not a compromise, but a decision as to the proper interpretation of the Treaty of 184(i as to whether the Haro Channel or the Rosario Straits was the channel referred to in that Treaty. This was linally accepted as the basis of agree- ment, and Articles xxxiv to xlii were assented ^ to on the 22nd of April. | 1'). — We have now dealt with all the subjects relating to Canada which are included in the Treary, but there is one other Can,ui„v claims m I subject which was not consid- i^Hif^'VI^'^;.!;:;; "irjh" j ered by the Commission, the ^""">"'^'^''«'>'''-' I rejection of which caused much discontent in Canada for a while, and this was our claim for indemnity at the hands of the United States Government for the damages done by the Fenian ; raids. A statement of the case was very care- j fully prepared by Lord Tonterden, and, at th(> Conference of the 4th of March, the British Commissioners, referring to Sir Edward Thorn- ton's letter of 2(ith of January relating to " the mode of settling the dilfereut questions which have arisen out of the Fisheries, as well as all those which affect the relations of the United States towards Her Majesty's Possessions in North America,'" proposed that the Commis- sioners should consider the injuries which the people of Canada had sullered by the Fenian raids. The American Commissioners o])jected to these ilainis being introduced, and the subject (iOVEi:NMF,NT OF T.ORD LISGAR— NE(iOTIATIONS ABOI'T THE TREATY. 323 was loft in abeyance, while Articles xii to xvii, provicliiit-' for a mixed Commission on the claims of British and American citizens arising- ont of the war, were agreed to. On the I'lith of April the Hritish Commissioners aiiain urt^ed the con- side/atiou of the Fenian raids claims, stating that they were instructed to iirge them as coming within the class o? subjects indicated by Sir Edward Thornton in his letter of 2t!th of Jani;ary. The American Commissii.ners replied that they were instructed to sayth.it the Tnited States (lovernment did not regard these claims as coming within the class of subjects indicated in that letter as subjects for the con.sideration of the Joint High Commission. The British Com- missioners stated that, under the circumstance's, they must refer to their Government for further instructicnis. On the 3rd of May the ]?ritish Commissioners again urged the lonsideration of the claims, when the American Commis- sioners replied thac they could see no reason to vary the reply formerly given to this proposal. In their view, the subjespondence between Sir Edward Thornton and Mr. Fish under either of the letters of the former ; and that they did not feel justified in entering upon the consideration of any class of claims not contemplated at the time of the creation of the Commission, and that the claims referred to did not commend themselves to their favor. The British Commissioners then withdrew the claims, and Canada was thereby debarred from present compensation from the United States for the injury inllicted by tLe Fenians. Lord Kimberley, in his d(>spatch of the 20th of June, 1871, to Lord Lisgar, thus de- fends the aition of the ]?ritish Commissioners : " Her Majesty's Uovernment were well aware of the serious dilliculties in the way of settling this question, and they could not, therefore, feel surprised at this result. At the same time, it was with much regret that they acquiesced in the omission of these claims from the general settlement of outstanding questions between Great Britain and the United States. But it seemed to them evident that the British Com- missioners were right in thinking that there was no reasonal)le probability that l)y further l)ressing the point an agreement would beco me to uimn it with the American Commi.ssion(>rs, and when the choice lay l)e{ween the .settlement of all the other differences betw^een the two countries on terms which Her Majesty's Gov- ernment believed to be honorable to both, and beneficial alike to Canada and to the rest of the Empire, and the frustration of all hope of Itrii-S- ing the negotiations to a satisfactory issue, they could not hesitate as to the course which it was their duty to take." The Treaty was signed by the Commissioners at Washington on the 8th of May, and on the 9th an extra se.ssion of the United States Senate was convened to ratify it, which was done on the 24th (the Queen's Birth- day). On the 17th of June it was duly rntilied by l)oth parties at London, and on the 4th of July President Grant issued a proclamation giving effect to those clauses \vhich did not re- quire the consent of the Parliament of Canada and the Legislatures of Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland. CHAPTER XXVIII. GOVERNMEXT OF LORD LrS(;AR— XECOTFA- TIONS ABOUT THE TI!H.\TY. 1. Opposition of Puulk' Opinion to the Treaty. — 2. The Legislature of New Brunswick condemns the Treaty. — 3. The Canadian Government refi'ses to ADMIT American fishermen, PENDiNft ratification of the Treaty. — 4. The Canadian Govern.ment expressesi its dis- satisfaction with the Treaty. — .">. Lord Kimherley's satisfaction with the Treaty. — 6. Reply of the Canadian Gov- ernment. The Fenian Raids Claims. — 7. Reply of the Canadian Government. The Fisheries. — 8. Reply (jf the Canadian Government. Further oiuections. — 9. The Earl of Kimherley's reply to the REPORT OF the PrIVY COUNCIL. — 10. ThE position in which the Canadian Govern- 'il - s .m l:i \l I Mil H24 Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF TIIK nOMFNION OK CANADA. MKNT l-OINO I ISKI.K. — 11. IvKI'OHT i)F TIIIC riJIVV ("(H'.NC.M, WITH liEKKRENOK TO COM- PKNSAl'IiiN Kol! FkNIAN R.\1I)S. — 12. TlIE l)UrnsiI (idVKR.NMK.NT UKKEllS TAN OK .t;:2,">0(),000.— 1;!. The tekms A(iREEI) TO. JiEMAIfKS. 1. — The terms ol' the Tvoaty ol' Wiishington were iriiide puhlic in Canada on the 14th of ()p,H,siri,M, nt I'ui.ii,. ^lay- ='»"'■•' awoke a storm ' ""•"""" ""1"^ ■''•■'">■ ol' most marked disapprobation ^ Irom the press ol' both parties, but especially ii from the Opposition i)apers which endeavored to throw a very large part of the blame on j Sir John A. Macdonald for the share he had , had in the transaction. It was generally felt that the interests of Canada had l)een most shame- fully saeriliced, that the Americans had got all they asked for, aiul more too, and that Canada had not onlyreee'ved little or nothing in return, , but that one of the main qui'stions in which she was directly interested, and for the settle- ment of which it had been supposed that the Joint High Commission had been appointed (the Fenian Claims) had been dismissed with the brief comment that it did not come within the range of questions to be considered by the Commission. 1 •2. — In no part of i,h(( Dominion was the dis- satisfaction with the Treaty more deeply felt or more generally expressed than in ' Tlic Iii'i.'i''liiliiic ii!' AT 1) .11 1 Nik iii-mi.-wick JNcw J)runswick, whose people Cn]li|l.mil.< tliL'TlTiily. 1 . r. 1 lound not only their nshenes taken from them, but also their chief means of raising a local revenue, by the pro])osed repeal of the export duty on American timber Uoated down the St. John River. Of course, it was understood that the Dominion Oovernment would have to make good this deficit by an increased subsidy ; but the people felt very keenly this interference with their right to raise revenue in the manner which suited them best. The Legislature was just about to adjourn, but on the day before prorogation, the 16th of May, Attorney-Cieneral King introduced a series of resolutions condemnatory of the treaty which were adopted unanimously, after a short debate, in which no one attempted to defend the Treaty. The re.solutions, after condemning the Treaty as " a policy of unlimited and dangerous conce.s. sioiis," concluded as follows : ' lle.solved. That in any Treaty relating to the frt.'e use of the Fisheries and to the )iavigation of rivers and canals, Canada should at thi* same time make l)rovision for the further rt>iiulation of com- merce and navigation beyond liiose secured by the Articles of the Treaty as above concluded, in sns, adhere to and carry out the policy of protection to the Fishery rights of the Dominion of Canada, recently adopted, and should not give a.ssent to the Articles of the ,said Treaty relating to the Fisheries." 3. — The American Crovernment having suc- ceeded in having the lisheries capitulated to them, were in a grt'at hurrv to „„ ,, ' ~ * I he ( iiniiiliiin take possession of their new l;r,H'imi"'AmI^rir'm'' acquisition ; and on the Sth of liiSio-fiii' May— t hi! day the Treaty was '^''•""'*- signed — Mr. Fish addressed ii note to Sir Edward Thornton requesting the British Grovernment to use its iniluence with the Grovernments of Canada, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland to induce them to allow American iishermen the fret' use of the lisheries, pending the ratification of the Treaty, quoting the action of the Provincial Uovernments at the i time of the signing of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 as a precedent ; uid Lord Kiraberley, in his despatch of the IVth of June, urges the Canadian Government to " take no active steps to enforce those statutes (the Fishery laws) and to suspend the instructions to the Colonial ' criiisers to exclude American citizens from the fisheries." The Government of Prince Edward Island at once agreed to the r'.'quest of the Imperial authorities, and, on the 24th of July, an Order-in-Council was passed suspending ail regulations for the protection of the fisheries of that Province against th(> Americans, and throwing the fisheries open to them, pending (iOVKUX.MKNT OF I.oRI) l,IS(;.\|{-NF/iOTIATIONS AHOl'T Till'- TRKATY, .12'. the rati ficiit ion of the Treaty. The ('iiiuulian {lovi'rnmont, however, deeliiied to tai4 was negotiated with the concurrence of the Provincial (lovern- nients represented at W'a.shiiigton, and met with the general approbation of the people, whereas the Fishery clauses of the late Treaty were adopted against the, nilvire of the ('anndittn Goveinment and have been generally disap- proved of in all i)arts of the Dominion. There can hardly be a doubt that any action on the part of the Canadian Government in anticipation of the decision of Parlia- ment would increase the discontent which now exists." 4. — Although Sir John A. Macdonalu signed the Treaty with the other IJriti.sh Commissioners, Tiir Ciinii.iiiiii and in his capacity as a repre- e.\|.R'.-se.< its sentative ol Her Ma('sty at that (li^.-iiti.-rful for him in Washington, he lost very little time after his return to Canada in informing the British Government of the dissatisfaction with which the clauses of the Treaty relating to Canada were regarded by the Canadian Government and the country at large. These objections were embodied in a resolution of Council passed on the seventh of June, and forwarded to the Colonial Secretary, in which the Council set forth their reasons for considering the Treaty highly unfavorable to the interests of Canada, and intimate that they were not disposed to recommend to Parliament the legislation requisite to give effect to some of its clauses, while matters remained in their present condition. 5. — The Earl of Kimberley, in his despatch of 17th of June, to Lord Lisgar, took occasion to I.nrii KiiiitnTlcy'.^ connTatulate Canada on tht> very satisfactory Treaty which had '(iiV-V,"'i'i"'i'i IviiV'iho be'Mi concluded, and in a sub- seciuent despatch. liOth of June, expres.sed his regret that the Commission had refused to entertain the l''cniaii claims. (See Chap. XXVII, par. XV.) In the lirst mentioned despatch he says : " The Dominion is, from its geographical | position as the immediate neighbor of the ; United States, so i)eculiarly interested in the maintenance of cordial relations between that Repixblic and the Ibitish Empire, that it mixst be a source of satisfaction to the Canadiiin Government, that Her Majesty has been able to ; conclude a Treaty for the amicable settlement I of differences which miu'ht have seriously endangered the good uiulerstanding between ; the two countries:'" and then goes on to say, "Moreover, the Rules laid down in Article VI, as to the international duties of nevitral Govern- ments are of spent to change its com- mercial policy; and Her Majesty's Government are coniident that, when the Treaty is consid- ered as a whole, the Canadian peoi)le will .see that their interests have been carefully l)orne in mind, and that the advantages which they will derive from its provisions are commen- surate with the concessions which they are called upon to make." 6. — These despatches of Loi'd Kimberley's being referred to the Privy Council, th''t body H,.„:.v,„,i,oCa li.n expressed its opinion of the n'u"Kl','h,''.'n,i.i. Treaty in pretty plain terms, in '■'"'"'• a report dated the 28th July, ls71. which we give almost entire, as embody- ing nearly everything which could be said on the subject in diplomatic language : — " The (.ommittee of the Privy Council have not failed to give their anxious consideration to the important subject discussed in the Earl of Kimberley's desi)atches, and they teel assured that they will consult the best interests of the Empire, by stating frankly for the information of Her Majesty's (rovernment the result of their deliberations, which they believe to be in accordance with public opinion in all parts of the Dominion. The Connniitee of the Privy Council readily admit that Canada is deeply interested in the maintenance of cordial relations between the ifepublic of the United States and the British Empire, and they would, therefore, have })een prepared, without liesitation, to re- comnu^nd the Canadian Parliament to co-operah' in procuring an amical)lesettlement of all dilfor- ences likely to endanger the good uiulerstandini; between the two countries. For such an objeci they would not have hesitated to recommend the concession of some valuable riyhts, which they have always claimed to enjoy under the Treaty of 1818, and for which, as the Earl of Kimberley observes, Her Majesty's Government have always conti'uded, both (iovernmiMits havinu' acted on the interpre- tation given to the Treaty in (|uestion by high legal authorities. The general dis.satisfaction which the publicati(m of the Treaty of AVa.sh- ington has produced in Canada, and which has been expressed with as nunh force in the Agricultural Districts of the West as in the Maritime Provinces, arises chieliy from two causes:— 1st. That the principal cause of difference between Canada and the United States has not been removed by the Treaty, but remains a subject for anxiety. 2nd. That a cession of territorial rights of great value has bet^n made to the United States, not only without the previous assent of Canada, but contrary to the express wishes of the Canadian Government. The Committee of the Privy Council will submit their views on both those points I'or the information of Her Majesty's Government, in the hope that by means of discussion a more satisfactory understanding between the two Governments may be arrived at. The Earl of Kimberley has referred to the rules laid down in Article VI. of the Treaty of Washington, as to the International duties of neutral Govern- ments, as being of special importance to the Dominion, but the Committee of the Privy Council, judging from past experience, are ill ; UOVKltNMKNT OK LoliD I-ISCAl?— XKGOTI ATIOXS AHOIT TIIK TRKATY. :{-.'7 miifh molt' aitjtichoiisiv I' ol' inissuiuUTstaiidini!', owing to tlu' appaioiit (litlcrciict' of opinion bi'tvvft'n Cuniida and the United States, as to the relative duties oi' iriendly States in a time oi' peace. It is unnecessary to enter into any lenutheiied disrussion oi' the conduet of the United Stales during the last six or seven years with reference to the organization of i onsid- erable numbers of the citizens of tliose States under the designation of Fenians. The views of the Canadian Government on this suhject are in possession of Her Majesty's Government, and it appears from the protocol of confereuee between the High C'ommissitmers, that the British Commissioners presented the claims of the people of Canada, and were instructed to state that they wi-re regarded by Her Majesty's Government as ccnning within the class of subjects indicated by Sir Edward Thornton, in his letter of 'Jtith January last, as subjects for the consideration of the Joint High Commis- sioners. The Earl of Kimberley states that it was with much reii'ret that Her Majestys Government acquiesced in the omission of these claims IVom the general settlement of outstanding questions between Gn-at Britain and the United States, aiul the Ctmimittee of the I'rivy Council, while fully participating in that regret, must add the liict that this Fenian organization is still in full vigor, and that there seems no reason to hope that the Unittul States Government will perform its duty as a friendly neighbor any better in the future than in the past, leads them to entertain a just apprehension that the outstanding subject of dillerence with the United States is the one of all others which is of special importance to the Dominion. They must add that they are not aware that during the existence of this Fenian organization, which for nearly seven years has been a cause of irrita- tion and expense to the i)eople of Caiuida, Her Majesty's Government have made any vigorous eifort to induce the Government of the United States to perform its duty to a neighbonng people who earnestly desire to live with theinon terms of amity, and who during the Civil war loyally performed all the duties of neutrals to II the expressed satisfaction oi' tlie (iovernmeiit of the United States. On the contrary, while in the o|>inion of the (Jovernmen*. and the entire people of Camvda, the ( ioveriiment of the United States neglected, until much too late, to take the necessary measures to prevent the Fenian invasion of 1H7", Her Majesty's Government hastened to acknowledge by cable telegram the prompt ar subject of dissatisfaction in Canada, viz: k,. ,|v „f (ii.> the cession to the citizens of the ^j;Vw.'rmmMt. The United States of the right to the '•''■''"''■ u.se of the inshore lisheries, in common v/ith tin- people of Canada. The Ivirl of Kimberley, after observing that the Canadian Government took the initiative in suggesting that a joint liritish and American Commission should l)e ai>pointed with a view to setth; the disputes which had arisen as to the interpretation of the Treaty of 181S, proceeds to state, that ' The causes of the ' difhculty lay deeper than any question of ' interpretaticm. that the discussion of such points ' as the correct deiinition of bays, could not lead ' to a friendly agreement with the United States, ' and that it was necessary, therefort', to endeavor * to lind an equivalent w hich the United States ' might be willing to give in return for the lishery ' privileges.' In the fore^•oing opinion of the Earl of Kimberley, the Committee of the Privy Council are unable to concur, and they cannot but regret that no opportunity was all'orded them of communicating to Her Majesty's Government their views on a subject' of so much importance to Canada prior to the meetinu' of the Joint High Commission. When the Canadian Government took the initiative of suggesting the appointment of a Joint British f "i ii 1' ;!2S Tl'TTLK'8 IIISTOEY OF TJIK DOMINION OF CANADA. : llli:^ i iuicl American Commission they nevor contem- plated Ihe surrender oi' their territorial rights, and they had no reason to suppose that Her Majesty's Government entertained the senti- ments expressed by the Earl of Kimberley in his recent despatch. Had such sentiments been expressed to the delegate appointed by the Canadian (jiovernment to conl'er with his Lord- ship a few months before the appointment of the Commission, it would at lenst have been in their power to have remonstrated against the cession of the inshore lisheri»'s. and it vvoiUd, moreover, have prevented any member of the Canadian Government from acting as a member of the Joint High Commission, unless on the clear understanding that no such > e.ssion should l)e embodied in the Treaty without their consent. The exptdiency of the cession of a common right to the inshore lisheries has been defended on the around that such a sacrifice on the part of Canada should be made in the interests of peace. The Committee of the Privy Council, as th(>y have already observed, would have been prepared to recommend any necessary concession for so desirable an object, but they must remind the Earl of Kimberley that the original proposition of Sir Edward Thor)iton, as appears by his hotter of 2(jth January, was that 'a friendly and complete understanding ' should be come to between the two Crovern- ' ments, as to the extent of the rights which ' belong to the litizens of the United States ' and Her Majesty's sul)jects respectively, with ' reference to the lisheries on the coasts of Her ' Majesty's Possessions in North America.' In his reply, dated 30th January last, Mr. Secretary i'M.sh inibrms Sir Edward Thornton that the I'resident instructs him to say that ' he shares ' with Her Majesty's Government the apjirecia- • on of the importance of a friendly and ' .omplete understanding between the two ' Govrmejils with reference to the subjects opecially suggested for the consideration of ' the proposed Joint High Commission." In ' accordance with the explicit understanding thus arrived at between the two Governments, ICarl Granville issued instructions to Her Majesty's High Commission, which, in the oi)inion of the Committee of the Privy Council, covered the whole ground of controversy. The United States had never pretended to claim a right on the part of their citizens to lish within three marine miles of the coasts and bays, according to their limited delinition of the latter term, and although the right to enjoy the use of the inshore Fisheries might fairly have been made the subject of negotiation, with the view of ascertaining whether any proper equivalents could be found for such a conces- sion, the United States was precluded by the original correspondence from insisting on it as ii condition of the Treaty. The abandonment of the exclusive right to the inshore Fisheries without adequate t'ompensatiou was not there- fore necessary in order to come to a satisfactory understanding on the points really at issue. The Committee of the Privy Council forbear from entering into a controversial discussion as to the expediency of trying to inlluence the United States to adopt a more liberal commercial policy. They must, however, disclaim most emphatically the imputation of desiring to imperil the peace of the whole Empire in order to force the American Government to change itscommenial policy. They had for a <'onsiderable time back ceased to urge the United States to altin- their commercial policy ; but they are of opinion that when Canada is asked to surrender her inshore Fisheries to foreigners, she is fairly entitled to name the proper equivalent. The Committee of the Privy Council may ol)serve that the opposi- tion of the Government of the United States to reciprocal free trade in the products of the two countries, was just as stronii' lor some years prior to 1854, as it has been 'ince the termination of the liet'iproiity Treaty, and that the Treaty of 1854 was obtained chiefly by the vigorous protection of the Fisheries which preceded it, and that but lor the conciliatory policy on the .subject of the Fisheries, which Her Majesty's Government indu<'ed Canada to adopt after the abrogation of the Treaty of 1854, l)y the United Stales, it is not improbable that there would have been no difficulty inol)tauiing its renewal. (i(»\ I;|;NM1:NT ok I.OIM) l-lSdAR-XKdOTIATKtNS AliOIT TIIK 'I'lM'.A'IV. :{2n Tlic Cominittcc ol' I lie Privy Council liavc iidvcrlcd 1() till' i)(>li(y ol' Ilcr MnjcKly'fs Oovcni- iii'Mil IxTiiUfst' ihc l']avl oi' Kiiii})('ii<'y has slated thai tluM'o ifs I'o (liircrcncc in prinriph' luMwcen a money paymi'iil and the syslcni oi' Hcimscs • calonlalod at so many dollars a ton, whi' w as 'adopted hy Ihc <'oionial (iovornnit-nl I'or ' several years alter the termination of the ' Reeiprority Treaty.' iveferonceto the corves- pondenee will prove that the license system was reluctantly adopted hy th(> Canadian (Joverinnent as a substitute I'or the still more ohjectionable policy pressed ujton it by Her Majesty's Crovornmont, it having' been cl(>arly understood that the arrangvinent was ol' a temporary character. In his despatch ol the 3rd March, IHiKJ, Mr. Seeretary Cardweil ob.served: 'Her Majesty's Grovernment do not ' feel disinclined to allow the United States, I'or ' the season of l.sCiii, the freedom of lishing ' granted to them in 1S54, on the distinct ' vmderstandinii' that unless some satisfactory ' arrangement between the two countries ' be made duriuij' the course of the year this • privilege will cease, and all concessions ' madi' in the treaty of ]S.")4, will be liable ' to be withdrawn.' The principle of a money payment for the concession of territorial rights has ever been most repugnant to the feelin so-called A labi'aia Claims, wiiich was the most important (|uestion in dispute Ix't ween the two nations, England gained such advantagi's as to be recjuired to make further concessions at the expense of Canada, nor is there anythinu' in the Earl of Kimberleys despatch lo support such a view of the (plestion. The otlier \y,\y\s of the treaty are e(|ually if not more ad\ antag'eous to the United States than to Canada, and the lishery (jueslion must consequently be consi- dered on its own merits; and if so considered no reason has yet been advanced to induce Canada to cede her insliore lisheries for what Her Majesty's Covernment have admitted to be an inade([uate consideration. Havinu' tlurs slated their views on liie two chief objections to the late Treaty at Washington, the Committee of the Privy Council will proceed to the consideration of the correspondence b'lween Sir Edward Thornton, and Mr. Eish, transmitted in the Earl of Kimberley's despatch of the 17th June, and of his Lordship's remarks thereon.* This subject has already been under the con- sideration of the Committee oft he Privy Council, and a report dated the 7th June, embodyinii' their views on the subject, was transmitted to the Earl of Kimberh'y by your Excellency. In his despatch of the 2i!th June, acknowledging the receipt of that report, the Earl of Kimberley refers to his desi)atch of the 17th of that month, and ' trusts that the Caiuulian Government will, ' on mature consideration, accede to the proposal 'of the United States Government, on this ' subject.' The Committee of the Privy Council, in expressing their adherence to their report of the 7th June, must add that, inai)i>licability of the i)recedent of 1854, under whicii the action of the Canadian Parliament was anticipated by the Government, to tiie circumstances now existing, appears to them manifest. The Treaty * 'I'Uf'c lulli'iN Hcru cm llu' mili.ici'l ul' llirciniiij! npi'ii llir lislicrios iit , lu'iiiliim tlio riitifii'jittiin <>t' (lie 'rr(.-jit>'. :-ii. ii:i! ^1^' ill I'r 0;jo Tl'TTLKS lll.STOliY OK TllH DU.MINION OK CANADA. of 1854 was iicg'oliati'd with the concunvuco of the rroviiiciiil Govonimcuts ivpivsontod at Washiiii^toii, anu mot with the ueiuTal approba- tion ol' the people, whereas the Fishery clauses of the late Treaty were adopted against the advice of the ('auadian Government, and have been nenerally disapproved ol' in all parts of the Dominion. There can hardly be a donbt (hat any action on the part of the Canadian Govern- ment in anticipation of the decision of Parlia- ment would increase the discontent which now exi.jls. The Committee of the Privy Council request that your Excellency will communicate to the Earl of Kimberley the A'iews which they entertain on the subject of the Treaty of Washiuiiton in so far as it allects the interests of the Dominion." !>. — The foregoing report of the Committee of the 1 rivy Council was forwarded to the Earl of ■I'll,. Piri,,- Kimberley by the Governor- ti,i"niM;7.;r'ti!i''' '" t}"t'iiei'til on the loin of August, Privy Conn, il ,,u^| ^^.^^^ ,jqJ i.,.pli^,(l to Until the i.'ird of November, when no reference at all was made to tlie Eeni'n Raids claims, and he reitter- aled, in sul)stance, the assertion that Canada ought to be satislied with the Fishery clauses of the treaty. " I shall endeavour, as far as possible," he says, " to avoid entering into further discussion of the clauses of the Treaty which apply especially to Canada, as I cannot think that any advantage would result from a prolonged controversy between the two Gov- ernments as to the details of the Treaty, and the manner in which the negotiation was con- ducted," and then proceeds to take exception to two statements in the rejjort of the Privy Council. In the first place he objected to the imputation by the l*rivy Council that the right to use the Fisheries had been conceded to the United States withoiit the consent of Canada, taking the gr(nind that the right to give effect to that part of the Treaty was specially reserved to the Parliament of Canada, in the same manner as would be done towards the Imperial Par- liament, " if the Crown were to conclude a similar Treaty as regards the Fisheries of the United Kingdom." lie also contested the assc- tion that the Fisheries were ceded for " what Her Majesty's Government have admitted to be an inade(|uale consideration," arguinii' that the reciprocal right to lish, with free importation of lish aiul lish oil, and a sum of money in addition was adequate compensation. 10. — The Canadian Government now found itself in this position : tln> Imperial Govern- ment having paid to the United .i,,e,,„.i.i„„i,Mvi„d, States, with the Colonial Fisher- J!;;;^;;;;;;!:;;",,,,,,,, ies, the debt incurred by Great "-"'^^"• Britain by the depredations of the Alabama and other cruisers, w'as determined to force the Dominion to accept the Treaty as it stood, and seemed disini'lined to offer any assistance or re- compense for the great sacrifice Canada was required to make. Of course, the Candian Parliament could refu.se or withold the Legisla- tion necessary to give effect to certain clauses of the Treaty, but the Treaty would go into effect all the same and the Americans would have the use of our Fisheries without our getting even the small advantages in return secured by the Treaty — for, as the Imperial Government had made up its mind to allow the Americans the use of the Fisheries, it would take no steps to protect them from the encroachment of foreign fishermen, British gunboats were withdrawn, and the Dominion having no nower to com- mission vessels of wui without Imperial sanction, it was evident that no practical resistance to the inroads of American fishermen could be made even should the assent of the Canadian Par- liament be withheld. Again, the articles relating to transportation were made dependant on the ratification of the Fishery clauses, and any dis- ruption of the existing arrangement for reach- ing the seaboard by way of Portland in the winter would have been a great drawback to Canada, pending the completion of the Inter- colonial. I'npleasant, therefore, as it was to swallow the bitter pill of spoliation and humili- ation, it was a painful necessity, and the only thing in the power of the Government to do was to endeavour to get it gilded a little so as to make it somewhat less nauseous to the public palate. GOVERNMKNT OK r-OF.'D LISGAli— XE(;OTIAT10XS AROirT THE TREATY. 331 n. — When the chviras lor coraponsation on acconnt of the Fi'ninn Rnids wove withdrawn Roi.Mi(.,ftii>.rri\.v from the consideration of the Ciiinicil with f . -.-f. . ,, . . .^ icHrente III Joint Hii>h (_ ommission, it was iMPiiiiieiisiiliuii I'l'i- _ Fuiiiiin Kiiids. oil the unclcrstaiuling that their settlement would be assumed by (treat Britain, and to this point the Canadian Cirovernment now addressed itself. On the 20th of .Taiiuary, 1872, a report of the Privy Council, in answer to the Earl of Kimberley's despatch of 2:5rd of November, 1871, was approved. After refer- ring to the Fisheries clauses, and miiintaining that Canada had just cause of complaint, the report goes on, as follows, to treat of the Fenian Claims: — "In the Earl of Kimberley's despatch to your Excellency, dated 23rd of November, no reference whatever is made to the subject of the Fenian Kaids, and with renard to the Fishery clauses ol the Treaty the only inference to be drawn from the despatch is that the objec- tions raised by the Committee of Council are of V'.M'V little weight. The Committee of Council readily admit that further controversial discus- sion on the points on which ditl'erences of opinion unfortunately exist between the two Governments woiild be unprofitable. It is, however, due both to Her Majesty's Cfovern- ment and to themselves that they should frankly explain to the former the conclusion at which they have arrived on the two questions discussed in their K(>port of 28th .luly last. They maintain that Canada has a just claim to compensation for the exi)eiis('s incurred in consequence of the Fenian Raids. It se(>ms unnecessary to support this opinion by further argument. * * * While still adhering to their expressed opinion as to the Fishery Articles of the Treaty of Washington, they are yet most anxious to meet the views of Her Majesty's CTOvernment and to be i)lacod in a position to propose the netessnry legislative measures, and they will proceed to maki' a suggestion which they earnestly hope may receive a favorable resi)onse. The adoption of the principle of a money i>iiyineiit in satis- hvction of the expenses incurred by the Fenian Raids, would not only be of no assistance to the Treaty, but might lead to some comiilications. It is not improbable that differences of opinion miffht arise in the discussion of the detail; of those claims between the two Crovernments. which miu'ht li>ad to mutual dissatisfaction. Again, such a solution of the question would necessitate a discussion in the Imperial Parlia- ment, in the course of which opinions ininht lie expressed by members which might irritate the people of Canada and might moreover encourage the Fenian leaders in the United tStates, who have not ceased their asitation. There is in the opinion of the Committee of Council a mode by which their hands might be .so materially strengthened that they would be enal)led not only to abandon all claims on account of the Fenian Raids, but likewise to propose, with a fair prospect of success, the measures necessary to give ell'ect to those clauses in the Treaty of Washington which require the concurrence of the Dominion Parlia- ment. That mode is by an Imperial Guarantee to a portion of the loan which it will be neces- sary for Canada to raise in order to procure the construction of certain important public works, which will be highly beneficial to the United Kingdom as well as to Canada. It is not pretended that the construction of these works is cc.ttingent on an Imperial Ouarantee. The credit of Canada has never stood so hiah in the money market as at the present time, its 5 per cent, securities being at a premium. But there is no doubt that with the Imperial Guarantee, a considerable saving of interest could be effected. The Committee of Council feel assured that Her Majesty's Government will recognise the scrupulous good faith which has invariably been observed by Canada under Gov- ernments of various shades of politics. Her Majesty's Government are aware that one of the conditions on which Hritish Columbia joined the Confederation, was that Canada should procure the lonstriiction of an Inter-oceanic Railroad. In order to procure the construction of this gigantic work, a cash subsidy will have to be granted to the Comiiany xxndertaking it, to tht» extent in all probability of live millions sterling. This ^'1 m ! i i'U ' i;' ■ : :'!■''■,''; 1 1 1. i' i' \m I i )l i illllltli 111 II !i li i'* Iim; ;{:;:: rUTTLK'S IIISTUI.'V OK TIIF. DOMINION oK CAXADA. Kailroad will oiicii up for scttlciiifiil ihc Viist piaiiics oi' (lie Novth-AV^ost, \vlii in proportion to population as those into the United States. It is therefore clearly the interest of the liiited Kinpcbnu that the British North-West Territories should be opened for settlement as speedily as possible, and to eli'ect this ol)jert, the Canadian racilic Railroad is indis])ensably necessary. That Kailroad. it may be added, would in all probal)ility be forrnd the most eligible mode of conveying a portion of Her Majesty's mails to the ICast. The time has arrived when tiie (.'nlarii-ement aiul extension of the Canadian Canals, so earnestly desired by the United States, as appears by the protocols attached to the Treaty of Washinuton, can no longer be postponed. The required works must be constructed by the Ciovernment, and will cost about lliree millions sterling, the aggregate of the Railroad and Canals being eight millions. The revenues of Caiuida are in a most satisfac- tory condition, and fully a})le to bear the increased charac which will be gradually thrown upon them. The taxes ari^ much less than in the adjoining Republic, aiul are cheer- fully borne by the people. The Committee of Council are of opinion that Her Ma,jesty"s Government might fairly be urged to propose to I'arliament a liuarantee for a Canadian loan, not to exceed four millions sterlina', on the condition that such guaranteed loan should be raised at the same time, and in equal proportion with a Canadian unguaranteed loan for th'.' same objects, The Committee of Coiincil do not believe that any other mode can besaggested by which they wouhl be enabled to surmount the dilhciillies in the way of their obtaining the consent .)f the Canadian l'arliamei\t to the measures iu>ccssary to liive ellecl to the Treaty of Washiniiton, than that which they have felt it their duty to recom- nu'iul. The Committee of Council trust, that should other dilliculties l)e removed, Her ^lajesty'sCrovernment will enable them to assure the Canadian Pailiament, that any recommen- dation made by Canada to terminate the Articles of the Treaty of AVashington, numbered 18 to 2;") inclusive, and likewise Article 80, in c(m- formity with Article 33, would be acted on."' 12. — This report was forwarded l)y the GoAernor-General on the 22iul of January, bxrt was not replied to lor nearly two .(.i^^, ,(,.1,1^1, months, the answer of the Earl Buln'ilX^'',' £':,/'' of Kimberley b.'ing dated the ^-■•■'■"'•'««'' ISth of March, and the calling together of Parliament was delayed on that accovmt until the nth of April, as it was most desirable that the Government should either be in a position to recommend the legislation necessary to give eli'ect to the Treaty of Washington, as soon as I'arliament met, or be prei)ared to op[)ose the Treaty. The Earl of Kimberley in his reply says: " Her Majesty's Government have consid- ered this sugu'estion (the guarantee of half of a loan of €8,0UO,i>00) with an eariu'st desire to remove the dilliciillies which are felt by the Canadian Government, aiul I have now to convey to you the conclusion at which they have arrived. They are of opinion that the most convenient course will be that it should be provided in the Acts to be passed by the Dominion Parliament to give effect to the Treaty that such Acts should only come into force upon the issue of a proclamation by the Governor-Crcneral in Council bringing them into operation. ( )ii their part Her Majesty's Government will engage that when the Treaty shall have taken effect by the issue of such proclanuition, they will propose to I'arliauient to guarantee a Caiuidian loan of .€2,000,000, such loan to beapj)lied to the purposes indicated by the Council, namely, the lonstruction of the railroad through British Territory from Canada to the Pacific, and the iminovement and eiilarge- raentof the Canadian camils, and to bo rai.sed al (iOVKfiN'MKNT OF ].0\W I>IS(;AR— DKRATK ON TIIK TIJEATV ol' WASIIINCTOX. 3;53 ' f'TlllS ilL'fCol Ui'iiiiirk.". tilt' sauic lime and in (Mjual proportion with Ihi' Canadian nnijixaranteod loan lor the same ol>j<'('ts, on tho understanding- that Canada abandon all claims on this Country on aw oimt of tho FtMuan Raids." "With rot>"ard to tho roquest that llcr Majo.sty's Crovemmont would authorize tho Canadian Government to announce to tho ])orainion Parliauient that "any recom- mendat''>n made by Canada to terminate the articles of tho Treaty of Wa.shiiisiton, numbered 18 to 25 inclusive, and likewise article ."iO, would be acted on." His l^ordship replied, should a desiro to termiiuite the Treaty at tin- proper time, ho intimated by addresses from both Houses of the Canadian Parliauu'ut, the request should moot with due consideration at the hands of Her Majesty's Grovernment. 1-'). — AVith this small concession, and the promise of terminating tho Treaty at the eiul of twelve years, the Canadian Gov- ernment was foi'ced lO l)e conleut as there appeared uo chance of making any better arrangement ; and, by a report of tho j Committee of the Privy Council, approved on ] 1.3th of April, 1872. accei)ted tho terms oll'ered, and agreed to submit the nei'essary measures to the consideration of Parliament. Tho report concludes as follows : " The Committee of the Privy Council feel that althouiih Her Majesty's- Government have l)een unal)le to accede to their proposition in full, it is nevertheless their duty, in the interests both of Canada and the Empire at large, to accept the modiliod proposi- tion of tho Earl of Kimberley, and lh(>y will accordingly be ]irepared to propose to the Canadian Parliament, the measures necessary to give ell'ect to those clauses of the Treaty relative to Canada." So ended the negotiations with the Ib-itish (Sovernment with veuard to this most unjust Tnvity, and all that was left for the Canadian Government to do was to gain the consent of Parliament to the necessary leiiisla- tion, a consent which there was now no doubt would be given, but which it is almost certain could not have been obtained had it been asked immediately after the Treaty was made pu])lic, and while l)olh the press aiul tho people were excited at its unfairness, or if tho Govornnjont had been forced to ask for it without having some oqirivalent — however slight — to show for the great sacriliees which Canada was called on to make. Biit, in the year which had elapsed since the promulgation of the Treaty the people had had time to think the matter over coolly, and to see that so long as a Liberal Government remained in power in I'iiigland there was no hope of greater consideration of Canadian wishes or interests, and that wo must either submit with the best grace iw.ssible, or l)e pre- pared for the agitation of the (jucstion of a separation from the Mother Country, a step which very few Canadians were prepared to advocate. The reilection that thi' treaty would only last twelve years was .some consolation; and although the Americans had got all they demanded, still there were many who felt, as Le Z*rt2/s expressed it, that "we ouuht perhaps to be thankful that they asked no more. ' CHAPTER XXIX. GOVKKXMEXT 01' LORD IdSCAi;— DHiJATK ON Till-: TKIvATY 0!-' WASIllMiTON. 1. Bilk to oivk effect im thI': Tueaty ixtro- DUC'ED UY SlU .k)llN A. M-VCUONALD. — 2. SiR John A. Macdonaed exi'eaixs his action ON THE Joint Hiuh Commi. : and, on the 3rd of May, Sir John A. Macdonald introduced a r.ill to give olfect to the Treaty. The Bill suspends certain Acts of Canada, Nova Scotia and \e\v Brunswick inconsistent with the 18th Article of the Treaty. Fish and fish-oil (except fish of the inland lakes i nd rivers and those preserved in oil), being the produce of the Fisheries of th(» United States, are to be admitted free of duty. Goods arrivinu' at any ports in Canada, whether from another jiortion of the ' United States or another coiintry, may be passed through Canada free in bond, is may also goods brought from the United States to be exported from a port in Canada. United States citizens may carry goods in United States ; vessels, free of duty, from one place in Canada to another, provided a portion of the interme- diate transportation has been by land through United States territory in bond, under regula- tions to be agreed upon. This Act to come into force when proclaimed by the Governor- Cleneral.* j 2. — In moving the first reading of th'e Bill, [ Sir John A. Macdonald entered into a very sii-.i..iin A. lencthy statement of the causes .M.iiilnijiild expliiins i ^ i i , iii-.i.imiM.n iliu which leil to the appointment ot j c.uiiiiiisvinii. the Joint High Commission, the I actions of that Commission, and the signing of the Treaty, lie pointed out that the Uarliament of Canada had a perfect right, if it so pleased, to j reject the Bill he had brought in, no matter I ,vhat the consequences of that rejection might j be, which would have the elt'ect of making I clauses 18 to 25 of the Trc^aty a dead letter, lie traced the action of the Canadian Government with reference to the Fisheries, after the termin- ' ation of the Reciprocity Treaty of 18o4, their dt'sire lo return to the state of things anterior to that Treaty , and the entire exclusion of American ' Veiir llodii, l^T.'t. fishermen after the failure of the How land-Gait mission to Washington to propose a new Reci])roci(y Treaty; the intervention of the British Government, and the subsequent adoption of the licensing system, at the sugges- tion of that Government ; the failure of the licensing system, its abolition, the establishment of a Marine police, assisted by British cruisers, to protect the Fisheries, and the mission of tie Hon. Mr. Campbell to England in 1870, to propose a Joint Commission to consider this qx\estion of the Fisheries as well as that of the Fenian Raids. He then referred to the Alabama claims, to the elforts which had been made to adjust them, the rejection of the Clarendon- Johnson Treaty by the United States Senate, and the source of constant weakness to the Empire which these unsettled claims were, so long as other nations knew that should l!]ngland become engaged in war, the people of the United States would force the Government to press then for a settlement of those claims, continuing, "Hence, Mr. Speaker, the great desire of England, in my opinion, that -iiat great qiiestion should be settled, and hence also, the inter- mingling of the particular questions relating to Canada wnth the larger Imperial questions, and, sir, in my opinion, it was of greater coiise([uence to Canada than to England that the Alabama question should be settled." He then .sketched the correspondence between the British and American Governments with reference to the Commission (as already given) and spoke of his own connection with the Commission and his reluctance to accept the position, as he felt that being only one out of five his opinions and wishes for the interest of Canada might I)e constantly outweighed by the other lour ; but that, at the advice of his colleagues he had accepted the post, so that Canada may not be unrepresented on the Commission. He then spoke of his correspondence l)y cable with the Imperial authorities, and the promise of the Home Government that the rights of the Dominion in the Fisheries .should not be ceded without the consent of Canada, which, ho held, W'as of great importance, as we could l)ea.s,sured (;OVKI{N.MKNT OF LOJID r.lSCAR— DKIJATK OX TIIH TRHATY OK WASHINGTON. :m I that "tho lights of Canada to those Fisheries are lieyond dispute, and that Eiighiiul cannot, and will not, under any cireu nstances whatever, ; cede those Fisheries without the consent ol' Canada. So that in any future arrangement I)etween Canada and England or Englaiul and the United Stati-s the rights ol' Canada will be respected, as it is conlirmed beyond dispute, that England has not the power to deprive Canada of them, so that we may rest certain that lor all time to tome England will not, I without our consent, make any cession of these interests." j 3. — Proceeding to take up the subjects of the j Treaty in detail, he first dealt with the ]<"ish- I Sir.ioiin'-exiiiiinii- erles, explaining that when he ; ii-ii<'.ii"t tiKMiiitiis reached Washington he lound ' on coal, iVr. , nu tiiu , . . . . nuKoiiuiiojis. the American Commissioners, as j well as all the American Statesmen he met, A'ery ' anxious to have that question settled, as it was feared that no matter what the wishes or intentions of the two Governments might be, the fishermen of the two nations might be drawn [ into actual conllict, if the policy of exclusion I was continued. Th(! iirst l)asis suggested was a I renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 ; but the Ameriian Commissioners were certain — and from his own obserA ation, he thought that they were correct in this assertion — that a Treaty providing for Reciprocity would not be ratihed by the Senate, and it was not deemed prudent ■ to run the risk of imperilling the settlement of all the outstanding diiferences between the two nations by insisting on this point ; And, there- fore, it was not pressed. He then referred to the partial liecii)rocity which had been ottered, the admission ol fish, coal and salt free, and lumber after July, 1874 (see Chap. XXVI ; par. 10), and the objection of the British Commissioners, ! that one-third of the time agreed on in the Treaty would h, ve expired before lumber was admitted free. For the subsequent withdrawal of this proposal by the American Commissioners he held that the Canadian rarlianient w^as to blame, for repealing the duties on coal and salt ; I he said, " I am as well satisiied as I can be of i anything which I did not see occur that the admission of Canadian coal and .salt into the rnited States would have been placed in the Treaty if it had not been for the action of this Legislature. On the ■2')ih of March that oiler was made, and it was referred to England, 'fhe English Government stated that they quite agreed in the opinion that in addition to that otter there should be compensation in money, and then on the 17th of April, the American Commissioners withdrew as they had the right to do their otter altogether. And why did they withdraw the otter altogether ? One of the Commissioners in conversation said to me, ' I am quite surprised t j iind the opposition that has sprung up to the admission of Canadian coal and salt into our market ; 1 was quite unprepared for the feeling that is exhibited." I know right well what the rea.son was. The monopolists having the control of American coal in Penn- sylvania, and salt in New York, so long as the Treaty would open to them the markets in Canada lor their products, were willing that it should carry, because they would have the advantage of both markets at once; but when the duty was taken oil' in Canada, when you had opened the market to them, whether or not, when they had the whole control of this market, whether for coal or salt, the monopolists brought down all their energies upon the Senate for the purpose of preventing the admission of Canadian ("oal and salt into the American market, and from that I have no doubt came the with- drawal by the American Commissioners of their otter." He then went on to say that after lind- ing his hands as a Commissioner thus wi-akeiied by the action of tho Canadian Parliament, he was forced to be content with the lleciprocity in iish and fish oil, and the agreement that a money payment should be paid, if the Arbitrators so awarded. "With regard to the value of the privileges he said, "This Reciprocity Treaty is not a mere matter of sentiment — it is a most valuable privilege, which is not to be neglected, despised, or sneered at." He called attention to the fact that the fisheries of the Pacific coast and of Hudson's Bay were not included in the Treaty — both of which, he held, would befor«i •i I ^.i l! ::::(; T['TTIiKS IIISTOIJY OP Till-: DOMINION OK CANADA. lli(^ cxpiriitioii oT the Trciily I»i' dcvcloix'd into very valuable piivile>^t's. With reyavd to the Fisheries of the inland lakes, he said that they had not heen included in the Treaty at his re(|nest, as he considen'd liiat our side of the lakes had heen most hii^lily cultivated, and that the privilege oi lishinu' in our waters on the lakes, would ho far yreater than that ofoiu'lake lishornieu lieiuL;' |)erniitted to take tln'ir catch into the American markets. I'a.ssinu' on to the value of the free admission of tiie catch of the inshore Fisheries lo the people of tlie Maritime Troviuces, he said, "The only market fr.r :uo Canadian mackend in the world is the United States,"' and proeeedeil to show how our lishermen were virtually ex(duded from it by the duty impo.sed. He claimed that the lieople of the Lower Provinces were in favor ol' the Treaty, because it gave them Reciprocity in lish, and argued that it would bo unjust and ungeiuM'OUs of tho people of Ontario to reject the Treaty, because it did not also give them the Reciprocity which they desired. He next re- viewed at lenL'th the pretentions to the Fi.shcries .set up by the Americans under the Treaty of 178.J, and their aruirments that the rights given them l)y that Treaty had not been abrogated by the Treaty of 1> _, by th(> Treaty, he said that the c-.\|'l:lli:tli<'ii. 'riif • 1 1 I T 1 1 • 1 . 1 llilvi^.,ln"il ..f till' right had been clanned by the 'i.!.k,'''M'iViiil.'i.'n"' Americans I'rom 1822 to 1828, when it was thought that it ^\•as .settled for ever l)y the refusal of the IJritish Cxovernment to entertain the claim and the question had so remained until 1870, when it was again openet'. by the {'resident in his Annual Mossaiii' to Congress, ami had been finally settled by the Tn-aty. This was a subject, he said, which being one of boumhiry between two nations, and aliectiuii' a river formiuL;' that boundary, rested entirely with the ( lovernmcnts of tliose two countries. \lf pointed out that the only part of the river affected by the Treaty, was " the small piece of broken water between St. Reuis and Montreal, ' for irom its source to St. Regis the I'nited States are part owners of the banks of the river, aiul. both by international law and by Treaty, the river was common to both nations; as for that portion from Montreal to the sea, no one could suppose that we desired to close that to th(> sliips not only of the United States. l)ut of any other nation. The real point of importance was tlie retention of tue control of the canals, which alone made the navigation of the St. Lawrence above Montreal possil)li\ and this had been secured to Canaik, and her right to the canals acknowlediicd by the 2Tlh Article. He claimed that this admission was highly important, for ])y the 2()th Article, the navigation of the St. Lawrence, ascending to and descending from the point where it cases to be a boundary, was .seciuod to ihc United States for ever; and as the ascent could only be made by the aid of our canals, and as that was known at the time of the siuiring of the Treaty, lie thoiuiht that the Ameri« ans might at some future time claim that the right to use the canals as well as the river was secured to them by this Article for ever, and therefore, the ■llih ( lause had specially admitted that the canals were the property of Canada and xmder her control, so that this question had been jirovich'd for. As to the right to navigate the Yukon and other rivers in Alaska, he said, that their use had been guaranteed by a Treaty between G-reat j5ritain and Ru.ssia ; but since the territory had been transferred to the United States, the ques- tion might be raised whether that Treaty was binding, and he thought it was of the utmost importance to the Western country that the naviuation of these rivers should l)e declared free. With regard to the navigation of Lake It'ssiiiii' to l.'d l)y Ih.' '} lid, which i I'o nations, ■ l)()iiiuliiry. 1^ its ol' those t the ()nl\ I'ciity, was V hclvvi'i'ii s isoni('(! to . owncis of I ((M'national •iiniMion to I ii Montreal , we desired the United ' real point tue control naviuatioti il possibhv ' la, and her )V the 271 h , h iission was ( \rticle, the ' cendin;'' to j| it c"ases 'i United I onld only '■ lis that was 10 Treaty, it at some t he canals ni by this Hh clause nils wore inder her 1 jirovided j L ukon and their use ,'een Crreat ritory hatl the ques- reaty w^as he utmost that the declared 1 ol' Lake f V,.,. V^ ■■■•*:-.► f- / ■^^:v %\- w \;->. v5* s> I ft' 4\ \ J-"*.*., .>«■ / X <;■ I 4- ■» ^^- X ^ •%r'^- ,-^- r> I' ! !l ! 'I 1 .-:■ \ mv^ iii \m HI Ii i! I II r : IT'' II [ijli:;;: ! I 'i i .,1* ill li 1 r •in ■;'■[ 1 ill 1 1 I 1 1 i "I; f M :ii "I ! ■i:!r :Si«AilLO KPRtSSLV FOR !UTTl[S HiSlORV OF THE DOMINION IHC BURIAND DESBARAI5 LllHC COMP- ife: li 1>< MI OX ';" Su Mill Pl tc hi hi he th pr th CO rii th m tv OS th Pi li 111 ot A bt ai sy lb Ss w ai l>i (iOVKIJMMKXT OK LOUD lilS({AI{-l)KHATI'; OX TtIK TUKATV (»l' WASH IMiTON. Mithiuiiii, till' lioiioraldc inemln'r lor Liunhton (Hon. Mr. Markciizio) h:ul said in ono oC hin spet'ihcs tliat liiat lako was a.s much a part of lin' St. LawnMioe as tlif rivor itsoH'; he (Sir .lohn) Tailed to soo oii w liat ground any such claim could he made, as I lie lake was hounded on all .sides hy United Stales territory, had always been regarded as an inland sea — ^^just the same as the lilack Sea — and its navigation had never l)een claimed l)y (Jreat Mritain ; however, he did not think tin- matter was oi' lireat impor- tance, for there was no fear that the cities on Lake Michitian would ever desire to close their ports to the shippiny,' of Canada. 5._With reference to the 20th aiul 30th Articles, si'cxirini>' for twelve years the right of sir.iniin's transportation in bond, and of e.\t>l;iiiiitii>ii. 'riit' . 1 i. A 1! liiitf ^y.-tcm.Mi.i carryuiL"' "oods Irom (me Amer- .Smii.Iiiiiii lioiiijiliiry . ^ , • i .1 iiK-riciii. lean i)ort to another, provided part of the voyage w^as made through Canadian territory, he spoke of the great advantage of having secured to us by treaty what we had hitherto enjoyed by sufferance. It had been held over us as a threat l)y the American press that if Canadians were too "bumptious" this privilege should be taken away from them, and they should " remain cooped up in their frozen country ;" but now we were secured in the right of transporting our goods in bond through American territory during the winter months when our own ports were closed, for twelve years. " And long before that time expires," he continued, " I hope we shall have the Canadian raciiic Kailway reaching to the Pacific Ocean, and with the Intercolonial liailway reaching to Halifax, we shall have an uninterrupted line from one seaboard to the other." The i)rivilege of carrying from one American port to another he considered might be a very valuable one, as it considerably ameliorated the harsh and exclusive coasting system of the United States, and opened a field for Canadian enterprise. With reference to the San Juan l)ouiidary question, he considered it was settled in a way no one could object to; and that, whatever the decision may be, neither party would have any rea.son to doubt the I'air- 40 ness and impartiality of the Arl)itrat(>r, nor tiie j ability of the many learned jurists whom he would have it in his power to consult, if he thouuhl proper to do so. t). — Passing Irom the (|uestions which I lie Treaty had settled, he came to one wliich was omitted from it — the Feniiiu sii-.r.,!,,/, cvpIhu.i- Raids claims. He pointed out ni'Mi:;-i.,ii'..irii,' that altiiouiih we had sullered rii, Ihmin. great wrong and damage by these raids, still, from our position as a Colony, we could not demand satisfaction for them ourselves but only throuuh the British Government. The Imperial (lovernment had been re(juested to present these claims against the United States and had promised to do so, and had asked the Canadian Government for a statement of the claims, This statement had not been furnished, and it had been said that it was a piece ol Canadian carelessness not to furnish it; ])ut he thir John A. Macdonald) had stated that they were very iirgent. They had ' set their hearts on obtaining the St. Lawrence luivigation,' and then.'fore he had given it away. They would set their ht'arts on something else within a year. They were constantly setting their hearts and envious eyes on some portions of our territory ; and if hon. gentlemen were to be Commissioners for this purpose, like the Dominion Premier, he feared very much that the Americans would' set their hearts on obtaining advantages in the so-called compensation for our Fisheries." He denied the statement that the action of the House in repealing the duties on coal and salt, had prevented our having reci]>rocity in those articles, and quoted dates to show that the proposal of the American Commissioners to admit these articles free was made three days after the resolution was adopted by the House.* He ridiculed the idea that the imposition of some $200,000 duties could frighten 40,000,000 people into Reciprocity, and said it was a similar exhibition of utter folly lor the Premier to try to persuade the country that but for the action of the House we would have had Recip- rocity. With regard to the statement tliat the • Sir.Iiilin A. .Mnodonalil in ilcl'i'iicoiillii." sliitciiu'nt sniil tliiil iiIiIhiiikIi from the protocol it would iipru'iir lloit the offer wiis iniolo on lliu J'ltli of .Mil 1, it WHS iTiiliy iniido sonio tinio lii'lorc, tho nicoliii); of the lioili liei _ tlip In.st of foviM'iil, and llic protn'ols not uivinif the di'diil." of eiioli iiicullnKi liiit oidy ri'siilt.'. I Maritime Provinces were in favor of the Treaty, he could only jiidge by the action of one of the Ijcgislatures, which had unanimously condemned it ; and he quoted returns to show that the Fisheries had been much more produc- tive in 1S70, owing to their protection from American fishermen. With regard to the navigation of the St. Lawrence, he said that the* words of the Treaty would certainly bear the interpretation put on them by the Premier, but he (Mr. Mackenzie) thought that if we were to adopt the coirrse of excluding the Americans from our canals " we would soon be told — in a message such as the one that frightened the Commissioners last year — that we had practi- cally annulled the Treaty by preventing them uising the only means by which they could j avail themselves ol its privileges. They would i again ' set their hearts ' on obtaining the I navigation of the canals, and having set their hearts on anything seemed to be ground enough for the British Commissioiu-rs to yield them anything they desired.' With regard to the navigation of Lake Michigan he still ilaimed that we were entitled to its navigation as part of the St. Lawrence, and that even according to the interpretation of Baltic law according to the Premier, we were as much entitled to it as we were to the navigation of Lake Huron or Geor- gian Bay. With reference to the Alaska rivers he claimed that their navigation was already secured by Treaty with Russia, and it was generally acknowledged by writers on Interna- tional law that change of sovereignty did not ati'ect treaties of that nature. He would also like to know why the Commissioners had not included the Columbia River, which was in precisely the same position as the St. Lawrence. We had one of the great rivers falling into the Pacific closed against us, but we had yielded our great river falling into the Atlantic. With reference to the settlement of the Fenian Claims by accepting a money guarantee from the Ih'itish Government, he said that the Canadian Govern- ment itself had condemned the principle of a money payment, for, in ' " Minvite of Council of 2Sth of .luly, they say : " The principle of a l*HN-, U ( !; li I n \' I :i Id Tl'TTLK'S inSTOIiY OF TIH': DOMINION OF C.'ANADA. moiioy payment lor the cession of territorial riyhts has ever been most reput^nant to the feelings of the Canadian people," and yet the House was asked to accei>t some one hundred, or one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for siiving- up the rights of the country. For his own part "nothiuii' would ever remove the feeliny of deii'radation he entertained at the Governmerit of our country proposing to accept in lieu of these I'enian Claims — that ought to hav<' 1)(>en pressed from a highei consideration than that of money — to accept, in lieu of that satisiiiction we were entitled to, this wretched consideration of money, after all that they had written themselves upon it. He believed that this country was able and willing to raise all tln> money it re(iuiri>d without begging favors from the Imjierial Government in exchange for undoubted rights." The Bill was then read the first time. 8. — On the motion for the second reading of the 15111. on th»> 8th of May, Hon. Mr. Blake said that he would endeavour to show to the House, in as few words as possible, what the course of the n-.\i'otiations had been on this question ; what the ( ourse of the Uovernment had been; and what ouuht to be the attitude of the country. He then entered into a long statement of the ])ositi()n in which the Fisheries question stood before the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854; of the suspension of the question during the existence of that Treaty ; of the action of the Canadian Government at the time of the abrogation ol' that Treaty, of the failure of the licensing system, and the l)eneiicial results of the policy of exclusion of American fishermen which had followed the abandonment of the licensing system. He dwelt at length on the value of the Fisheries, and quoted from Orders- in-Council and Ri'ports of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries to show what value the Govern- ment them.selvos had put on them, although the House was now informed that they were not so very valuable after all. He entered in extenso into the (juestion of headlands, and showed the interpretation which the Canadian Government, II. .11. Mr. liliik.. ll\..Vl...- Mil MlllLMl.lllU'nt. at the instance of the Imperial authorities, had giA'en to it. He reviewed the lircuinstances attending the apjiointment of the Commission and the actions of the Commissioners who had " said in ellect, that they were prepared to do what the Americans pleased about the Fish- eries." He then went on to show how the Commissioners had allowi'd the Americans to have their own way in everything, and said, " Not content with agreeing that the United States fishermen should enjoy in common with oi\r citizens the right of fishing in oiir waters for a certain term of years, they had left unsettled the question of what our rights were under the Convention of 1818. Why did they leave that qiiestion unsettled ^ Was it not important that it should be settled ? Did not the despatches they themselves had written show that every year the question was left unsettled its solution would become more difficult if we were for a time to give up a common right ? It was certainly a projier period and the best period to demand that the cession should be preceded by a settlement of the dispi\ted question. With our right determined W(? should then know, when the period would be over, what our rights were. There would then be no dispixted question of right, and there would be only the question whether we .should make a new barii'ain at the close of the term, or re.sort to the policy of exclusion from the limits settled l)y the Treaty of 1818. Therefore, he contended, it was a blunder in statesmanship not capable of being surpassed, exi'cptby .some others accompanying the negotiations for this Treaty, when they agreed to give up common right for a time, and did not insist in having oiu- rights settled once and forever." On the question of the Fenian claims he said that it was painful to contrast the conduct of the Briti.sh Government in this matter with the course they had pursued with reference to the murder of Englishmen by Greek brigands, and towards Abyssinia. He approved of the conduct of the Canadian Government in maintaining their rights in these claims and expressing their dissatisfaction with the Fisheries clauses in their despatch to the GOVI':RNMr':NT of lord LISfJAR— DRBATE 0\ TIIK TRPUTY of WASIITXCTOX. 341 Imporial Government of 28th July ; but could ] not reconcile the attitude then assumed with the position taken in January, when they olFcred, lor a paltry money consideration, to abandon the Fenian claims and accept the Fisheries clauses. He was opposed to the acceptance of a money consideration, and thought that if Canada had ; to make the sacrifice at all, it would have been better to have mad<> it only for the good of the whole Empire. Hv spoke for nt>arly four hours, I very fully reviewing the whole Treaty, and I concluded by moving, seconded by Hon. Mr. I Dorion in amendment to the motion, that the : Hill be read a second time : " That, before pro- j ceeding further upon the said Bill, this House j feels bound to declare that while Her Majesty's , i loyal subjects, the people of Canada, will at all 1 ' times cheerfully make any reasonable sacrifice ; in the intert\sts of the Empire, we have just I ground for the great dissatisfaction prevailing i throiighout the country at the mode in which j our rights have been dealt with in the negotia- I tions resulting in the Treaty of Washington, and at the subsequent proposal of our Govern- 1 ment that England should endorse a Canadian ! Loan as a prict> for our adoption of the Treaty ] and for our abandonment of the claims in respect of the Fenian Raids, which affect, not merely our purse, but also our honor and our peace." 9.— The Hon. W. Macdougall said that he regarded the amendment as, practically, a rejec- i.ei,.to »n ih.n. .Mr. ^Jo'i o^" t^e Treaty. He thought niakev A..K„,in.ont. ^j^j^^ jj- mattered vt>ry little what the despatches of tlie Government were, or what Sir John A. Macdouald ought, or ought not to have doiu' ; what the House had to consider was the Treaty as it stood before them, on its own merits. He then proceeded to show that under the old Reciprocity Treaty, the Maritime Provinces had enjoyed great advantages by having the use of the American markets for the sale of their lish, and the trade which had sprung up had caused great prosperity along the coasts of New Rrunswick and Nova Scotia, which he believed would be renewed under the present Treaty. He was disposed to think that the American lishiMies to which we wore admitted by the Treaty, were not so utterly worthless as they had been represented to be. The Governments of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island had accepted the Treaty, and, he believed that the people of the Maritime Provinces were well satisfied with it. The Opposition came from Western Ont.irio ; and he charged the party leaders with opposing it for the purpose of making political capital, contrasting their conduct with that of the Conservative party in l^ngland, and depri>cating the introduction into the r^uestion of any party considerations. With regard to the Fenian claims, he thought that a strict observance of International obligations could scarcely be expected from a country where so much license was allowed as was the case in the United States ; and that as the Imperial Governmen* was satisfied in the matter, it was doubtful whether we as a Colony had any right to demur. He held that England had made consid- erable sacrifices for Canada, for it was extremely doul)tful whether she woiild have conseutt^d to apologize and to submit the Alabama claims to arbitration, had she not been an American as well as an Eiiropean power ; and spoke in favor of the Treaty in general, as a guarantee of peace and security. Mr. Rymal made a personal attack on Hon. Mr. Macdougall, and expressed himself as being opposed to the Treaty. Mr. Young followed in support of the amendmi-nt and used the same argiun(Mits as thos(> advanced by Messrs. Mackenzie and Blake in condemning the Treaty. In conclusion, he said, " Pass this Treaty and we yield up our Fisheries. ostt'nsil)ly for twelve years, but, virtually, .1 believe, for exer; pass this Treaty and we yield up one of our great natural resources; pass this Treaty. and we invite future depredations on the part of the Fenians ; pass this Treaty, and v\'e practi- cally invite the United States to make fresh demands on Great Britain and Canada ; pass this Treaty, and we yield up all hope of our farmers getting a new Reciprocity Treaty ; pass this Treaty, and I do not hesitate to say, that however the (iovernmeut may seek to conceal it, the people I .■■ i '.'h ;lli :'!*•: 'i m Hi li^'wt .■'1 1 tl 342 TUTTF.K'S IIISTOnV OF TllK DOMIXION OF CANADA. Atiu'inlinents voted iImwii' niul l>ill (■;ini»''l tiv ;i in i.i'M'ity lonii every l'r'i\ iin-e. will clcplori' it, as it will weakou the tie which l)iii(l8 lis to the Mother Coimtiy, and push us a step luither within the iirasp oi" the United .States. " Hon. Mr. Ilnntinttton did not wish to speak to the merits of the question, foi' he could not see the utility of discussing the Treaty when it appeared likely that the Grenm'a Conference would be a failure, and the whole Treaty fall through. He regarded the matter as a .solemn farce, and could see no object in the Grovern- ment's pressing the matter before it was known whether or not the Treaty would be -arried out, unleL j it was to secui'e what he may term " the bribe" offered by the British Government. He hoped that the matter would be postponed until it was decided whether the Treaty really did exist. The debate was then adjourned. 10. — The debate was resumed on the 10th by ]\Ir. Mills, who condemned the Treaty ; and was continued on the I3lh, Uth, loth and 10th, a vote not being reached until the morning of the ITth. No less than forty-six members participated in the debate, of whom thirty-six spoke in favor of the Treaty, although some did nnwiill (Lanark), .Melicmirall (Three Uiver-). .Me(ireevy, j .McdCeaitncy, .Merritt, Mutral, .Mnrrls, .Mdrrisnn (Niai-'arii), .Vallian. .Nel.-'nn, I O'Ciiniuir, reiirsoiii I'erry. I'ieliard. I'in^'iinneanll, I'upe. I'nnlint, INiwcr. Rii!'MCliain|.:Min), Ui.s.< (I)nnda.<), Ryii (KintV, X.li.). Kyiin (.N[inilri:il West), .Savary. Selmllz, Serivor, Shaidy, Siinard, Sniitli (Selkirk). Smith (We.-tiniirclaiuD.Siirnat.Steiiliensiai, Street, Sylvain, Tlioiniii'iai (Carihnoli Tilly. 'ronraiiKean. Treinhlay, Tupiier. Walhiee (Allien), Wallace (Van- eimver), Wal.-h, Wehli, Wiiileheiid, Willsnn, Wiirkmaii, Writrhl (Ottawa Ccuinlyl.— U'l. Nav. Messrs Anclin, lieidiard, Ulake. Iledwell. li.iiirassa, Tinwell, Itiiwiiiaii, llrimii. Ganienin (llnrnii), Cheviil, Cnnnell. Couiial, lleluriae (St. llyaeinihe). I'erion, KurliiT, Knrtin, KdnriMer.llenll'riiin. (indin, .loly. .limes (llalil'as), Keiniil, .Maedimald ((ilennarry), .Mael'arhine, .Viaekenzie, .Manill, .Mel'iiiikey, Meliiindall (Itenlrew), .Me.Munie.-, .Metealfi', .Mills, .Mi.risiin (Vielnria, (Int.i, .Mnnn>c, Oliver. I'aiiiiei, VodeliiT, I'nzer, Hedlcird, Uenand, Uiihit lille, liess (I'rinee IMwanl), K.iss (Vietoria,.\.li.). Kdss (Welliimlim), Ilyinal. Si'atehenl, Snider, Stirton, Thnnipsim (llahli- mand),'rh(nnpsMn(Ontarin), Wells. Whit.Mllalton), Whiti' (Ivisl Inislimi.-), Wiiuil, Wright (Vnrk.Oiil). Vi)Uiik'.-5.5. it to the ,'ords al'ter T inserted, liliereuces \ lit Britain I •y to give j on, it is time upon ' taken on j lorniiig- of \ 1.3 against. ' ■n put and on of Sir •ending of 21 for, 00 ading was Hon. Mr. learly the. -'ommons. r of the •eaty, hut londment. made by lup, Mae- I irard, and ! A'hich the ' rllii\ lii'iily, tun, liruwn, I), Ciiiniibcll, vcail. i'ollili' Mill. CurrU'r, rcw, hu^M?, (Ir.int, lir...v, n, llnimlilnn, | Kirkpiitriok, iiiilu. l.itllc. (l.iiiKMiliiirir). 'I\'rroln>niic), ), .Mi'lin'cvy, liiiii. Nelson, iiliiit, I'owor, II (Jtuiilri'iil Ikirk), Smith on (CiirilMioli illiioi' (\'iin- t:li( (dlliiwii ss:i. liuwcll. mI. Iiuliiniio (ln,|in..lol.v, ..Miic'kcnzii', i-iilf.', .Milli', lilT, I'oZlT, :t(irill.\.ti.)> lison (lltitdi- st lj!l.>lill|I.«), (iOVI>:RXMF-:NT OP LORD USD AR— PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF 1S72, ,;ij CHAPTER XXX, (iOVKRN.MENT OF LOIM) LISCiA R— PRINCIPAL KVKN'fS OF h ,2. 1. Dominion 13o.\rii ok Trade. Deepening THE St. Lawuence Channel. — 2. Dominion Board of Trade. Bay Veute Canal. Pilots. Railways. — 3. Dominion Board ok Trade. Proposal to form a Zollverein WITH THE United States. — 4. Dominkjn Board ok Trade. Tiik Zt)LLVEREiN idea re.ieoted. — 5. do.minion board of trade. Petroleum. Protection. Tariff. — (3. The "Nine Hour" movement.- 7. E.ktensive FIRES AND loss OF LIFE. — 8. TerRIRLE Railway accident on the Grand Trunk. Thirty LIVES lost. — J). Departure of Lord LlSGAR. 1. — The first event of importance, taken in chronological order, which occurred in 1S72, was the second annual meetiii"' of the Dominion Board of Trade, which was opened in the Rail- way Committee room, (Ottawa, on the 17th of January, the Board remaining in session four days. Representatives from fifteen Trade Associations were present, and the President, Hon. John Young presided.! The report of the Executive Committee was read and adopted, This WHS iin iniiisii.'illy liirec vole. ITU nii'inlicrs vnliiiK out of a lloiiso of I'.M.iuul a I'aroliil aiiabsis of the vole shoH.s that not only iliil the (iovcrnnu^iit have a majority I'roni each Province, but a majority of tlie whole representalion of each I'rovincc, even if all alisenteus wereeonnio 1 as lieiiii; ill Ojipo.silion, as will lie seen liy ihe lolluwliiK tahle :— Oonii.iion Iloaril of Traile. Deepenini; tlio .St. Lawreiiee eiiannel. c r t si -^i£ i X ^ ?^ 'J* < -J H2 tl."l 78 lil I") iii 111 211 tJiicljoi'. Nuva Sontiii hi 1.') l:i 2 11 .N\w Ilruiiswiok l."> l:! 111 •■) ( 4 1} .'t i> li 'i UritiHli CuliiinbiiL ■ . . . • ({ hil 170 121 55 (HI tl'hc followiiiK is a lis; ot the ileleirates jiresent :— iMoNTKKAi. IJ.iAiiii o|.' Thaiii:.— lion, .lohn ^■ollllif. Me.ssrs. IIiikIi .McLennan, Thomas lassed l)y the National Board of Trade of the Uniti^d States in favor of a Commercial Union between Canada and the United States; but tlie objection to the report was withdrawn on the under- standing that its adoption in no way committed the Board to the resolutions i)assi'd by the National Board of Trade. The election ol officers for the ensuing year then took ])liice, and resultt'd in the choice of Col. William Mc- Giverin, of Hamilton, as President, who at once took his seat. The first Imsiness considered was the importance of deepeniim- the channel of the St. Lawrence between (iuehei and ^lontreal from twenty to twenty-four feet. A resolution to the etleci *hat the Dominion Government be petitioned to proceed with this work at once, was moved by the Hon. John Young, seconded by Mr. M. P. Ryan Hon. John Young ari-iied in favor of the motion, holding that as 'arge vessels reduced the cost of I'arrying, it was of the utmost importance that the greatest possil)le facilities should be afforded to the larger ilass of oeeau-going vessels to reach the head of naviuation, so as to lessen the rate of l'rt>iglit from the West. He held that this was not a subject affectinu' sectional interests alone ; but was one of the utmost importance to the West, as well as to Montreal Mr. H. Fry moved in amendment, seconded by Hon. W. H. Howland, that before deepening the channel of the St. Lawrence the Government should proceed with TiiKiiXTo BdAiiii III' TiiAiii:.— lion. \V. 11. Uowlaiiii, .Messrs. .lolin Morrison, Holierl Spratt, Uolierl Wilkes. I (liTAWi lliiAHii UK Thaiik.— lion, .laiucs Skcuil, Hon. Malcolm Cameron, , Messrs, E. Mcliillivray, I). II. I'erry. IJi KiiKr lIiiAUii 111' Thaiik —Hon. .1. 1'. itarneau, .Messrs. Henry Fry, A. .losopli. ■ ."^r. .Iiiiix, X.li., liiiAiiii UK TiiAiiK.— .Messrs, S. I), lieilin, .M. Lindsay, I R, .s. lleVelier. ' .*od on at the *ime of Coiil'i'dcratioii. Messrs. Fry, Howland, Cameron and otheis snpported the amendment, arguing that the enlargement ol' the canals was a work of more general importanee to the whole Dominion and should ])e proceeded with lirst. After some discussion in which the Montreal delegates gen rally advocated the deepening of the 8t. Lawrence channel, and the Western men generally favored prcferen...' ,,j|-y,.t ^^.^^^ jf tj^g siivveys then progressing were favorable, the Dominion (jovernment should proceed with the work at once. Hon. W. II. I lowland moved that the words " as soon as our means will allow " be added, and after some discussion the motion as amended was adopted. Mr. H. Fry moved that the Dominion Government l)e petitioned to itmtnid the law relating to pilots, so as to make the service more effective ; and also that vessels trading to thi> West Indies and Xewfoundland lie exempted from compulsory pilotage as well as ! vessels under 300 tons. After a short discussion, in which several delegates complained of the incapacity of several of the St. Lawrence pilots, the resolution was adopted. The question of railways was next discussed, and a resolution was introduced by Hon. W. H. Howland, to the effect that it was advisable that support should be given to a new road to run direct from Toronto to Ottawa, there to connect with the North Shore and Northern Colonization Rail- ways, thus giving Toronto and the West another trunk line to tide water. After some discussion the resolution was withdrawn. 3. — The Hon. John Young then moved, " That it be an instruction to the Executive iicmiiiiicm iiiMirii (if Couucil of tliis Board, to appoint inriii II /.uiim niii a ueleii'ation to confer with tlie \vitll the I liiluii _^ ' '. j^ • 1 p 1 vT • 1 !5i"ii.'«. Jixecutive Councif of the Nationaf Board of Trade of the United States on trade relations between the United States and the Dominion." This gave the honorable gentleman iin opportunity io express his views on the subject of a Customs Union, or ZoUvercin, with th(» United States, which he had bet^n advocating for some time past, and which had ))een approved by the National Board of Trade of the United States at its last annual meeting at St. Louis, and which was favored by a very small party of annexationists in Canada who had gained a little encouragement from the disregard to Canadian interests by the Imperial Government, as evidenced l)y the Treaty of Washington, and the feeling of dissatisfaction which had been raised in Canada by that Treaty. In advocating his A'iews, the Hon. Mr. Young instanced the success which had attended the formation of the German Zollverein, and also the advantages which had a( crued to the United States by having Free Trade between all the States, and to Canada since Confederation had abolished the various rroviucial tariffs, and established a common Custom House, with unrestricted Inter-Provincial Trade. He held that a Customs Union between the Dominion and the United States would be of great advantage to Canada ; would very much reduce the cost of collecting the revenue, as it would abolish so many Customs Houses between the two countries ; and that it w ould not, necessarily, lead to a political union. 4. — Hon. W. H. Howland was entirely opposed to the idea of a Zollverein. He thought that " if we put the management y,„„.„.„„ „„,^,, „f of our commercial arrangements Triiili'. Thu /nllvcrciii idoii rcjcetcil. out of our hands, we must necessarily put the Government of our country out of our hands," and argued that a commercial union with the United States would only be the beginning of annexation. He referred to the Munroe doctrine of " manifest destiny," and said he was surprised while in St. Louis to find how thoroughly impregnated with it the Americans were, and that they woi\ld scarcely listen to him with patience when he told them that Canada preferred to retain her own ;cs on trado ies iind the e geiitloinau '\v.s on thtf rerein, with I advocating' en approAt'd the Uuiti'd t St. Louis, small party ad gaintnl a isregard to overnmcnt, \rashington, L-h had been advocating v ' ' 1) 'iii I ■«'v 'I (';■ * . ij j>iu;iiu;il BoaM »l I'lule oi" till- >lntos <»t it last anim.il ^!f•^■tinI^ sil h'' U -i il :; -. from 1 r.-s«!i«iiuii p" .1".- ' Miat if t', .,a<-- ■ ::iv')f;ibli.», ■;> ■' l>l, . ■•fwd V .. ' : . irul iij'i.iii iU(-T itie . havui«!; i IIKril. ill ('rllVul;, V'>1IUL J.U.U ..:... .iiil--d i: Mr Ji t — "^ "■ ! itlltAV ■ be I o Oanad:.t ■' itii.tio'i iH ' th" various I >iU'10)l ■ lUiuiniiii v.uuid vtiTy mu' .>... i> ,voIiafc !: tlic n.'venu'' !iort. d:s,'U83ion, ji ruHtoins^Hi i ij'lisiiuod of rR.\T OF LORD lilsnATJ-PinNCrPAL RVKNTS OF 1H72. ;U5 autonomy, and not to ])o absorbecl by the Unitod States. Hu concluded by moving in amendment, " that in the opinion ol' this Board the ah ovations in our trade rehitions with the United States as proposed in the resolutions carried by the National Hoard of Trade eould not be entertained as lav as the idea of a Zollvereiu is coneerned ; but we exi)ress at the same time our most cordial willingness to negotiate with the United States lor the purpose of relieving the trade between the two iDuntries of all restrictions interfering with the ligitimate prosecution of trade so far as may be found bi'uelicial to the interests of both countries." Mr. Morin, of Montreal, spoke in favor of a Zollvereiu and Messrs. Watson, Imlach, McLennan, "Wilkes and others against it. In the course of his remarks, Mr. Wilkes said, " A Commercial Zollvereiu of two independent nations is not commercial liberality ; but it is combined illiberality against the other nations of the world." The discussion was the most animated of the meeting, and the expression of opinion was so generally against the proposed Zollvereiu that Hon. Mr. Rowland's amendment was carried without a division ; after which the motion to appoint delegates to attend the next annual meetinu' of the National Board of Trade of the United States was adopted. 5. — On the nineteenth a resolution was intro- duced by Mr. Kirby, of Sarnia, tc the effect that the Dominion Government be Dominion Bonnl (if .... , , i j.i_ » i. Traiic. , Potroi.'uni. petitioned to repeal the Act Protet'tion. Tariff. . . ■ t i n o imposing an excise duty oi hve cents per gallon on relined petroleum, and to substitute an inspection fee of lifty cents per barrel. A long; discussion ensued on the unsatisfactory working of the law as 't stood, and the sum of one dollar being inserted instead of fifty cents; after which the motion as amended was carried, on division, by a vote of 18 to 17. The balance of the session was mainly devoted to a discussion of the tariff, in the course of which Sir Francis Hincks and Hon. Mr. Tilley addressed the Board. In view of the approaching session of Parliament and changes which might possibly be made then, no 41 action was taken by the Board. The (juostion of Protection was raised by the introdui tion l)y Mr. Laimlier, of St. Hyacinthe, and )»y Mr. Smith, of St. Johns, P. Q., of series of resolu- tions in favor of moderate protection to home manufai'tures ; but the subject was laid over without debate. On the twentieth a memorial to the Dominion Government was adopted asking for the enlarOMIXIOV (»[•' r.WAOA. ! 11 If We ctinnot hi-llfv (hnn introduce htTe Ihf rciaarks imuli' on tliis snhjcct hy Lortl l^isiiiir ;it till' f'iirt'Wi'll h;iii(|iii't uivcn him bi-lorc his
  • protection, and it was thought that nearly the whole town would have been destroyed, but for the timely arrival of the London Fire Brigade which speedily conqiiered the lire. Montreal had two extensive Hres, and many small ones. The first large fire was on the morning of the 27th of March, when the brass •Torniilo iil'.l,c, 21st .hmc, h72. foundry of Charles (larth and Sons, Craig Street, was destroyed eausinu' a loss of about $')0,0()0, on which there was only S-O.OOO Insurance. The lire occurred at half past (me in Iho morning, at which time (he water was shut off at the reservoir, and it was nearly half an hour before full pressure was on, by which time nearly the whole building was destroyed. The second lire was at the Victoria Straw Works on the 4th of May, when damage to the extent of about §20,000 was done to the Straw Works and to the ^7«r newspaper. On the 2sth of January lifteen houses were burned in the village of Norwich, damaue to the extent of |;]0,000 being done, and extensive lires also occixrred at Whitby. Collingwood, Perth, Coaticook, Elora and Ottawa. At Bradford, Ont., on the loth of Janirary, the house of a Mr. Tessier was burned and live jier.sons who were in at the time perished in the Ilames. At Stanibld, (Jue., on the J 6th of March, three persons were burned to death and several others lost their lives in small lires at various places. The most destructive lire, however, as far as the value of property destroyed was concerned, oe .rred in Toronto, on the night of the 14th of Fel)ruary, when the greater portion of the Iron block on Front Street was l)urned, involving a loss of nearly $400,000. This block consisted of eleven line stores, and had only been erected in the fall of 1871 at a cost of over $130,000. Eight of the stores, with most of their contents, were destroyed, and several other buildings were damagi .:. 8. — The morning of the 22nd of June Avas marked by one of the most appalling railway acci- dents which has ever occurred in Canada, by which twenty- i';;;,';,';,'.'/. "" ""^ TorriMo niilwuy 111 the ink. Thirty four human beings were hurled ''*'" '""' into eternity with scarcely a moments warning, and forty-five were wounded, six of whom died shortly after, and many A\ere maimed and crippled for life. The No 3 Express train of the G-rand Trunk, going East, left Toronto for Montreal shortly after seven o'clock on the evening of the 21st of June, and all went well until about one oclock on the following |;:ii (lOVKKX.MKNT or L01M» LISdAFI— I'JMNCII'AL KVKNTS <)l>' ist72. :i47 whtMi, as the train was iicarinii" Shamioiivillc, about flcvfii miles from I5cllt'ville. thi> llaiiu't' (if ntal, the Company not beinii' in any way to blame. This, however, was not satisfactory to those who were always ready to lind fault with the Crrand Trunk, and throw blame, justly or unjustly, on the manage- ment of Mr. Brydges, and a cry of a " white- washing" verdict was rai.sed which induced Attorney-General Crooks, of ( )nlario, to order another in(|uest (o lie iield on one of the wouiuled men, who died alter the lir.-l imjiiest was closed, and thus reopen the whohs emiuiry. Nothing more, however, canu' of this ini|uesl than the lirst, and no l»lame could be atlaciu'd to tlu' Company for what was pur«'ly accidental, and no foresight on its part could have prevented, it. — In jiroroiiuing Parliament on the 14th of June, L(trd l..isgar bade farewell to Caiuida — and indeed his successor was i,,.|,,,,.,„r,, ,,, |,„p| already on his way (o (Quebec — '■'"-'"• but bi'fore his departure he was entertained at a i)ublic dinner in Montreal. The dinner was given at the St. Lawrence Hall, and al)out one hundred and lifty sat down, amonust them Sir (leorge E. Cartier. Sir Francis lliiu:ks, Hon. Dr. Tupper and other Ministers; Sir .A. T. Gault, IJeutenant-Goveriiors Doyle, of Nova Scot ia, ami Wilmot, of New IJruiiswick, C(»nsul-treneral Dart, Hon. L. H. Holton, and many other leaders of lioth the ureat political parties. In returning thanks to the toast of the evening, Load Lisiiar brielly reviewed the proii'i'css of Caimda diiring the three years he had admin- istered the Government, and referred with pride and pleasure to the great and important chang".s which had taken place since his arrival, the acquisition of the North- West ; the paciii- cation of Nova Scotia: the erection of the Province of Manitoba and the restoration of order in the Red liiver country ; the admission of Ih-itish Columbia; the signing of the Treaty of Washington, and the jiromised building of the Paciiic Railway. A vast change had taken, i place in the Dominion, and he couiiratulated her on her progress so lar and augured well for her future. He sailed from Quebec on the twenty-second, taking with him the good wishes of the peoi>le, but not very deeply regretted, for without havinu' been unpopular, he had never become a very popular (tovernor. His administration was marked by many important events, as enumerated above, and he had done his duty conscientiously and well, to the satisfaction of His Sovereign and in a manner m I '■ h, ;!-is Tl'TTLE'S IILSTORY OF TJIK DO.MINIOX OF CANADA. Iiifi ]\ \m\ ' li arct'i)i;il)l(' to the hulk of the pt'Oi)U' ; but ho awoke no ciitliu.siasni, such as was t>\ okcd l)y his sxicct'ssor, and is mostly rt'int'inboi'i-d as "a good old man."" CllAJ'TER XXXI. CioVFIjy.MKNT OF TIJKFAULoF OrFFFRIX— I'iiiXCU'AL KVKNT.S OF 1S72. 1. Al'PDINTMEXT OK LoKD Dui-"FEUh\ KATIIEK A DlSAl'rclNTMENT. — 2. I'liEVIOUS SKRVU'ES OF L(lKl) DUFKKIU.V. — •']. Ar1!IVAI. AND UE- CFi'Tto.N (IF Lord Duffkiux. — 4. Visits to (JrFHKc AND Ontario. IIis Excem-ency^s roin-LAiMTV. — 5. DiSTUHIiAXCE l.V OTTAWA ON T)iE 12th of July. Fiueak.ms used. U TuiJNiNci the first sod of the North kSiioRE liAiEWAV. — 7. Marine Disasters. Losses of ijfe and property. Seizures. s. J)ecision of the Emperor of CrERMANY on tiif, San Juan roundary question. — '.». Till-: Canadian tea.m win the Koi-apork Cup. — 10. The lii'izooTic. — 11. Extensive FIRES IN towns AND CITIKS. — 12. CaHINKT cHANoEs. The state of the Country. 1. — Siniiular as it may now ap[»('ar, in the lii^'ht of al'tt'i' ovonts, the appoiiitmeut ol' the Eavl of Dutleiiii as the successor of Lord Lisgar in the Governor- Generalship of the Dominion was not welcomed with any degree of enthu- siasm in Canada, although it was generally reii'arded as a good appointment : and the general and wide-sjiread poi)ularity whieh that noble- man achieved during his six years residence amongst us, and the feelings of love and atl'ection which he inspired in the hearts of Canadians of all rreeds and classes, was due entirely to his own intrinsic worth, and his admirable adminis- trative (tualitie ; nnd not to any i)reliminary llourish of truiuM'ts heralding his coming. Indeed we rathei think that his a))poinlment partook somewhat of a disappointment to many Canadians, for it had been suggested at the time .\i.i.Hiiiiiiii'iii ..r l,nnl liiin\'rin imiIiit :i ili<;i|)|H)itillnfi.r. of the marriage of the Marquis of I^orne and 11. U. ][. t'u' rrin.ess Louise, (21st March, 1871), that he should Ijecome Lord JJsgar's successor, and H. 1\. H. the Duke of Edinburgh had also been mentioned in this counection, so that the appointment of a gentleman who, however distinguished in England, was almost unknown in Canada, and whose very name was strange to the great mass of the people, while it was received with satisfaction, gave rise to no such feelings of enthusiasm as it was afterwards his I'ortune to evoke in every part of the broad Dominion in wliich he appeared. 2. — The Earl of Dullerin is descended from a nol)le Irish family, and was born at Florence, on 21st of June. 182(J. He was ,.,,,;„„,,,,,,,,,„,. educated at Eton, and Christ i'"«ii>''ff^ii"- Church. Oxford, and succeeded to the title in 1.S41, while still in his minority. In 184!t he was appointed a Lord-in- Waiting to the Queen, a post which he held until 18o2, under Lord John liussell's administration, and again filled the same oilice from 18.")4 to 1858, on the return of his party to jjower. In 18.30 he was created an ICnglish 15aron and took his seat in the House of Lords as Lord Clandeboye, where he attracied some attention, especially by his speeches on the question of the tenure of land in Ireland and the relations of landlord and tenant. In lelfast, where he delivered what may l)e called the iirst of his Canadian speeches, in which he displayed an amount of knowledge of our all'airs, and a study of our resources and re([iiirements which was highly gratifying- to Canadians accustomed as we had been to the appointment of Governors who came to us knowing little al>out our needs or aspirations and left knowing less. Lord Dutl'erin labored \ind(>r the disadvantage of being appointed by the Gladstone Administration, which was highly unpopular in Canada on account of its avowed policy of letting the Colonies "shift for themselves," and for their surrender of Canadian interests l)y the Treaty of Washington ; aiM^ his having l)een a member of the Government caused at Iirst a slight suspicion that he may have been appointed for the purpose of carryinsi' out some Imiierial project, for the total separation of the Dominion from the Mother Country, but such a fear soon passed away and His Excellency developed sucli remarkal)le power as a Constitutional ruler, that he ros(> rapidly into public favcn- aiul before the end of the year had already become one ol' the most popular Governors who have over represented Her Majesty in British North America. Canada has very little cau.se to be thankful to the Gladstone Administration, but we have to thank it for the apiiointmcnt of the Earl of Dutl'erin, an act which went a long wiy towards removing the soreness which the with- drawal of the troops, the AVashington Treaty, and the jfossiltle abandomaent of the Colonies had caused. ;i. — Lord Duli'erin sailed from Derry in the Allan steamer, Prussian, on the 13th of June, and arrived at (Juebei', on the , , , 2.') th, where he was met by Sir o' '-""i i'"'i-^n.i. John A. Macdonald, Sir Francis Hincks and other members of the Cabiin>t ; Sir Hastings Doyle, who had been sworn in as Administrator of the Government during th*' brief period I'lapsing l)ctween the dejjarture of Lord Lisgar and the arrival of the Earl of DuU'erin ; Sir Narcisse IJelleau. Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec ; Hon. Dr. Blanchet, Speaker of the (Juebec Legislature ; the Mayor and Aldermen of Quebec, and a large asscmblau'e of citizens of Quebec and other cities. 1 lis Excellency was : at once sworn in as Governor-(it>neral of Canada 1>y His Honor Chief-Justice Meredith, aiul was afterwards presented with addresses from the i Corporation, the Board of Trade, the St. Patrick's Society and the Literary and Historical Society. On the following day His Excellency and Lady Dutl'erin visited the Caini) at Point Levis, and , then left for Ottawa, which place he reached on the evening of the twenty-.seventh. and was received by the Mayor ami Corporation, who j presented an address, and representatives of the various National and other Societies, by whom addresses were also presented. After a brief rest at the seat of Government to recover the I effects of his voyage. His Excellency set about can-ying out that policy of visiting all portions of the Dominion and making himself familiar with the people which subsecjuently endeared him to the pul)lic heart. Military cami)s were then being formed throuuhout the variroceeded to Montreal, where he arrived dU tlie third, and on the '"•llowinL;' day visited the camp at Laprairie. ( Ml his return to liie city he was presented with an address by the Mayor and l!orpora- tion, and the same evening leit for (^uelx't'. where lie spent a few days as the guest of Sir Narcisse Belleau, and then proceeded to River a I ■«« mm'W •t Hi HMllii ; II It (llllillli:;^.! sil!li||l!ii M I I I ' I'' I !■ IH •! ;!")(> TUTTLK'S IILSTORY OF THE DO.MTNION OF CANADA. clu Loup, Avhere he passed Ihf iioxt two months. 4 —On tho ^Oth of Anguf^t Hijs Excellency, accompanied by Lady Dulierin, relnrned to vi-iiM..ouei,e.' Quebec and remained there until Kxidirn,.!''; '"' the 2:Jrd oi' September. It was "'"""'"'"■*■• here that he inaugurated that system ol' generous hospitality and I'amiliar intercourse with all cla.s.si of the i^eople which so markedly distinguished his aduiinis- tration IVom that of many of his predecessors. MixiuLi' I'reely and fully with the people he was appointed to rule over, lie soon learned to feel and think with them; and while never for one mom(>nt forgettini'' to ixphold the dignity or the Noble Lady he reiiresented, he speedily identified himself with the aims and aspirations of those around him. Educational institutions early attracted his attention, and he freely visited those establishments in Quebec, being careful to make no distinction of creed or race ; and, indeed, during his whole term of office he so .•skilfully giuded his conduct in this respect that not even the most sensitive or the most bigoted could take offence. From Quebec their Excel- lencies ])roceeded on a tour through (hUario, arriving in Toronto on the 24th of September, where they were received by Lieutenant- Governor Howland and members of the ].,ocal Government. Their Excellencies were escorted from the depot to Government 1 louse by a torch- light pi-ocession, and on the following evening a grand ball was given by the Lieutenant- Governor in their honor. On the 2tith their Excellencies visited Hamilton, and attended the Provincial Fair, where they were w^elcomed by more than 40, OHO people. On the following day they returned to Toronto \\ here a more formal reception was accorded them, and the usual addresses presented, while the city fairly outdid itself in the way of triumphal arches, di'cora- tions, &c. The next week was 8i)ent at Niagara I'alls, from whence His lixcellency returjied to Toronto for a few days, and on the 10th of October jtroeeeded (o London to attend the Western Fair tlien being held in that city. l'"rom London he went to Petrolia, and from theme returned to Toronto, where he remained imtil the 2Sth, when he went back to Ottawa. While in Ontario he pursued the same politic course he had adopted in Quebec, visiting most of the public institutions, especially educational establishments, and cultivating the same friendly relations with the people. The balance of the year w^as spent at Rideau Hall, with the exci^ption of a Hying visit to Montreal on the 21st of November, to attend the unveiling of a statue of Her Ma,jesty whi^h had been erected in Viitoria Stpxare. His Excellency, at the recjuest of the Committee, delivered the address formally presenting the statue to the City of Montreal, and also made a -liort .speech in French which was most enthusiastically re- ceived. We have thus hastily sketched the course of His Excellency during the first six months of his sojourn amongst us to show how thoroughly and heartily he entered upon his duties from the moment of his arrival ; and it is safe to say that before the expiration of those six briefmonths he had made himself more thorough- ly at home and had become much more popular, than many Governors-General have in six years. 5. — The 12th of July this year was marked by a disturbance in Ottawa which has, unfortu- nately, proved but the fore-run- ... , , ner of many other disturbances I,'",i\\Vy,''''i'i'i'c-amis of a similar nature on that day ""'^' in Montreal and other portions of Canada. On this day the usual Orange procession was expected to be ]iarticularly imposing, as the corner stone of the new Orange Hall, at the corner of O'Connor and Queen Streets was to be laid by the Grand Master of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Ontario, and several Lodges from neighboring ninniei])alities visited the city. The procession was to have taken place in the morning, but owing to an accident having delayed the trains, it was postponed until the afternoon, and it was (piite late when it moved. When the procession was passing through Lower Town a little diiiiculty arose between some of the pro<'essionists and some lookers on, and stone throwing commenced, which was (piickly followed by several pistol shots and more volleys of stones. Fortunately the officers ida. Oil ion was ■, as th{> 1, at the was to ovincial Lodges thiM'ity, I' ill the having iitil the moved. (iovi:]{XMi:NT or tuk E\m> of dufpkrin— principal evhnts of ist2. :m ol" the Societies were able to restore order before any more serious damage than a few cuts and l)ruises from stones was done ; liut ibr a few minutes the excitement was intense and the dauger of a serious encounter between the Orangemen and the Catholics imminent. The trouble was said to have arisen from a drunken man throwing a stone at the procession, and another account credited some l)oys with caus- ing the disturbance by throwing mud balls, but whatever was the cause the elfect was to show how dangerous it is to allow party proi'cssions : of any kind in a mixed community where what is one man's pleasure is another's pain, and it would have saved much bloodshed and ill-feeling if this premonition had been regarded and party processions altogether abolished. 6. — A.n event which although more particu- larly important to the I'rovince of Quebec was I TnrninK ti,. t\m Y''^ o^' ^'ouslderable interest to , North Shore ^^6 whole Dominion, took place i iiaiiway. ^^ Quebec on the 18th of July. ; when the first sod of the North Shore Kail way \vas turned. This road (which is not yet quite ! completed at the time of writing, 1878) was intended to form, in conjunction with the Northern Colinu/cation Railway, (now open from : Montreal to Ottawa and known as the Quebec, Montreal, Oi: i\va and Occidental Railway) a grand Trunk line connecting Quebec and Montreal with the Canada Pacific Railway at or near its proposed terminus at Lake Nipissing ; ; and it was expected that this road running | along the north shore of the St Lawrence and of • the Ottawa would open up an immense tract of new country and prove even more beneficial to ' the Province of Quebec than the Grand Trunk ! Railway had to Ontario. It is not our purpose i to enter upon a history of this great undertak- j ing in this place ; suJhce it to say that the project \ was one in which tht> whole Province felt peculiar interest, and that the opening ceremo- nies at Quebec were attended with much display. A very large assemblage gathered at the spot which was to be the city terminus of the road, amongst whom were representatives of the Dominion and Local Houses, and after the benediction had been pronounced by Arch- bishop Taschereau and the enterprise formally l>lessed that Prelate, who was dressed in lull canonicals, took a pick-axe and broke the earth with it. Madame Cauohon (wife of the Hon. J. E. Cauchou, Speaker of the Senate and President of the North Shore Railway Company) then turned the sod with a silver spade, pro- vided for the oi'casion, and throwina" it into a wheel-barrow it was trundled away by her husband, and the ground declared duly broken. After this, the navvies set to work and ploughed about half an acre, and the work was fairly inaugurated. A grand banquet was then uiven at which addresses were delivered by the Hon. J. E. Cauchon, President of the road ; Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, Premier of Queljec. and others. 7. — The year ixl'l was an unfortunate one for ocean-going A'essels trading to or from the Dominion, and the annual report oi the Minister ot Marine i,..s^('s of iiiv im.i 1 -n- 1 ■ u i-u i mi I'f'l'crt.v. Seizures. and Fisheries shows that 221 accidents were reported during the year, involving the loss of 220 lives and the destruc- tion of over $2,000,000 worth of property. The loss was particularly great amoimst vessels carrying cargoes from the >'^ Lawrence, and no less than six grain-laden steamers which left Montreal in the fall were lost, in some cases the crews being lost also. These \essels, as is the case with many others, were ])uilt for coasting, or for trade in the Ualtic or Mediterranean, and were totally unfit to weather the severe storms of the North Atlantic in the fall. Another very fruitful source of loss was the overloading of timber-laden vessels by piling up deck-loads to the height of (5 or 7 feet, and so great had this evil become that an Act regulating the carryinii' of deck-loads was introduced and pa.ssed at the session of 1873. The navigation of the lakes was attended with comparatively little damage, and the lo.ss of life was only seventeen. The whole number of casualtit>s reported to the Department of Marine and Fisheries was sixty- nine, of which twenty-one were steamers, thirty- six schooners, six l)rigan tines and ])arquantines, and six barges. The estimated loss was about !:•: '\m S I ?.!i! i i] [; ii^. 1 lili 111 III 'l '!''oth A-essels were caught fishing within two miles of the shore, and their masters pleaded that they thousht that the Treaty of Wash- ington "was in force and that they had the right to fish where they pleased. The vessels, were bonded, but the sureties were not pi'oceeded against, the Act givinu' eft'eet to the Wash- ington Treaty being passed while the cases were pending. 8. — One of the qi;estions which it was part of the object of the Joint High 'ommission to r, . . r ,, settle, and which that Commis- Pccifion Ol the nil'X"s«i]''.iu'an"''''*' '^^f*" delegated to some one else bo,.,i.L,r> „uc. of them so far as to suggest that the (iOVEEXMKNT OK TIIK KARI- OF DrFFHRrX— PfllXGIl'AIi H\ FXTS oF Istl'. :!.■):! The Kpizcntii Dominion .should pay the expense of sending a team to Wiuiblclon annvially. a susigestion, howevei, which was not adopted.* 10. — Early in October a peculiar di.sease made its appearance among.st the horses in A'arious part.s ol" the Dominion and eau.sed very con.siderabie inconvenience and some loss. The disease first assumed formidable proportions in Toronto, where as many as six hundred horses wi-re reported ill at the same time. In Ottawa over three hundred were ineaparitated for work, and the street ears were obliged to cease running for want of propulsive power. In Montreal traffic was almost entirely suspended for several days ; more than three hundred horses were laid up in the stables of the City Passenger Railway Company ; the majority of the hor.ses in the Grand Trunk stables were ill, and the moving of freight had to Ite suspended, whilst amongst the carters and in the livery and private stables about every other horse was unlit for work. It was estimated, on the 17th of October, that there were fifleen hundred horses sick with the epizootic, and ox carts were in som(> instanees resorted to for moving goods. The disease spread to the Lower Provinces and caused great inconvenience in Halifax. Although very 'Tlie tnlli.winir is tlio sonre of tliu two tcims. I.'ikcii ri'mii the Loiulou Ihiitii T. Iivnuili . 'i( l.'>tli.)iil.v l'.7i Caxaiia. 2INI ."ilK) lilK) Totiil. yils. yils. yds. linniH'rSlmnil,NoviiS,...tia i! S) 21! 70 I'liviiti' l-Vniiis..ii,'-'ii,l Iliill.ii.T 1! ii 24 21 D',) liiiarlcrmiKtcr Til. mils,. ■.tth li^ilt 22 -> 21 M lOiuixii .IciliiisiHi. Ni'w linmswii'k 21 21 211 tW I'riviiti' licll. lillli Koviils, Tiiniiiln 20 2.") 22 i!7 Ciiiitiiiii Willi, IJ. T. IliitMiU' 21 22 20 (i") Conporiil l.iirkiii.ikiiil lliitt 21 21 2ii iV> Assistiiiil Siiitfeiiii Aikiii,-'t7rli Hull 2;i 17 20 ill) 532 Knm.ami. PriviitcCiirtis, I.St Siissux • ■■ 21 21 2il 71 (-'iiriiiiml Ciililwiill, l.s| Koiiliriv 21 22 2.'i OS Seiwiit .Mi'\'i'y, I'.illi Luiiiirk 22 22 2.! 07 I'l-iviili' Wyiill.l.llli .Siilo|i 20 22 22 01 Priviite eiMfk, 2iii| IC.Iiiiliiiii{li 22 27 l.i 114 ('.irpiMiil \Viilhi..i.,2ii.l IvIiiiimrKli 21 21 17 01 .Mr. llimnl, 7ili Suiiiursi'l 21 2.'! I'.i 0:1 KiLsign Smyth, loth liiiiiiirk 21 20 10 Oil m troublesome and annoying to the horses it was not fatal, whi-re taken in time, and very few deaths occurred in proportion to the num})ers attacked. As very >1;30,0(I0. Over the store of Mr. Nye resided a family named Evans, and Mrs. Evans and a serva)it girl were burned to death. The next fire of imi)oiianee oi'curred in Mitchell, Ont., on the morning of the 24th of August, destroying the Post and Telegraph Offices, Oddfellows llall, and a dozen other buikUngs, the whole valued at $1(10,000, on wdiich there was only $lo,000 insurance. Two days after the largest part of the l)usiness portion of Orillia. Out., was laid in ashes, the damage l)einn' estimated at |100,(i0o, on which there was very little insurance. Next in order was the destruction of the magiiilicent St. Patrick's Hall, situated on Victoria Sipiare, Mmitreal, on the morning of the 2nd of October, involving a loss of a quarter of a million of dollars. Thii- handsome building was unfor- tunate; the roof lell in shortly after it was completed and involvi'd a heavy cost to replace it, and although the stores under it were let, it 42 A:^ ] H m l! I il:»'l'' !.:ii 1 y iff j,J 354 TrTTLES IIISTOHY OF TIIH J)OMlXlON OF CANADA. 1:: ; ! :im m had novor paid wtdl as an invostmeiit, and, IhiMvtbrt', (hi> Si. Patrick's Hall Association docidcd voi to vcbnild — although pressed to do so l)y the Si. I'litrick's Society — iind the land was sold and handsome stores erected on it. On the 0th of December several busine!?s places in Oshawa, Ont., were burned, loss $")0,000 ; and on the niiiht oi' the twenty-sixth, a lire broke out in Windsor, Ont., which did $40,000 worth of damage, and would, probably, have destroyed the whole town, had it not been lor the timely arrival of the Detroit Fire Brigade. 12. — Only one change took place in the Cabinet during the year, caused l)y the appoint- ment of the Hon. Mr. Morris ■iiir''?.iie!'.'i''Ti'ic to the Chief Justiceship, and subsequently to the I.,ieutenant- (rovernor.shii) of Manitoba. Hon. Mr. Morris" l)lace as ]\''nister of Inland Revenue was taken by Hon. Dr. Tupi>cr, President of the Council, whose place was filled by the Hon. John O'Connor. M.P., for Essex, who was sworn of the Piivy C ouncil on the 2nd of July. There were. Iiowever, some indications of impending change, as Sir George E. Cartier went to Enaland on 2nd of October, for medical advice, with his health so injured that it was i'eared he would not return alive — a T^ar which was verilied the next year ; and Sir Francis Hincks was said to be anxious to resign, a rumor which came tnie the following February. The general election which took place during the fall considerably weakened the Government, but of that we shall treat in another chapter. Commercially the year was a prosperous one, th(> crops were good, trade was active, and the people generally happy and contcited. Still towards the end of the year some indirations of the coming " Hard times " were to be found in the stringency of the money market, and a perceptible increase in the numl)erof failures; in short, the Dominion had passed through the cycle of exceptional prosperity upon which it entered at Confederation, and was about entering a corresponding period of unusual depression. CHAPTEK XXXII. (lOVFHNMIlXT OF TIIR K.\ Rb OF DPFFEIMX— TIllKIHNlJJ.Mi KLKCTIOX OF 1S72. 1. Dissolt'tionofParijament. "Whits issued FOR A GeNKRAI, Ei.ECTIOX. — 2. CHANGE OF FEEiiiN(} IN Ontario. Defeat of the GoVER.XMENT. — 3. SiR JoHN A. Ma('IX)NAI,D'.S CONTEST IN Kingston. — 4. Defeat of Sir Francis Hincks in South Brant. — '). The result in Queuec. Keductidn of Govern- ment MA.TORiTY. — (i. Defeat of Sir George E. Cartier. — 7. The result in the Mari- time Provinces. — 8. Re.mark.s o.n the result. 1. — The last session of the hrst Parliament of Canada closed on the 14th of June, and th(> House was dissolved bv Procla- ,,. , . mation on 'he loth of Julv and J'"';'''!'!"'"-,,"''''-^, writs for new election issued, ''■'^■^■"""• returnay)le on the 2nd of September excei)t in the cases of Gasjic, Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Manito})a and British Columbia, writs for which places were returnable on the 12th of October. Preperations for the contest had been going on for some time prior to the dissolution, and the campaign was opened on the part of the Government at Peterboro' on the 9th of July whtMi Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Francis Hincks were entertained at lunch and delivered addresses on the topics of ila day. On the Liberal side the cami)Mign was opened by Hon. Mr. I)lake in South Hruce, and by a dinner to Messrs. Holton and Dorion in Montreal. Sir John and Sir Francis made a tour together through Ontario addressing large audiences at Hamilton, Brant lord, London, Chatham and other places : and Messrs. George Brown, Blake, Mackenzie and other Liberal . leaders akso " stumped '' the Province very extoisively. The change in the election law had restricted the voting to one day, but the voting was sti'' optm and as the law did not require all the elections to be held on the same day, as is the case now, the Government followed its usual (JOVERN.MKNTOI' THH KAIJL OF i)rKKKI!IN— TIIK (iHNKRAL KLKCTION (W 1ST'.'. IJ.V. course and issxu'd writs first for tiiose places wliere their success was most assured. The lirst election held in t)ntario was on the 24th ot July, at Ottawa, when Messrs. J. M. Curier and J. B. Lewis were returned by acclamation. The first election in Quel)ec was held on the 25th when the Hon. J. H. Pope was ri'-eleeted by acclamation lor Compton. Xominations now I'ollowed last and l)y the end of the month four supporters of the 'lovernnient had l)een returned by acclamation in Ontario, eight in Quebec, and one in New Brunswick. 2. — This, however, was but a momentary success for the Administration, for the tide soon beii'an so turn auainst them CliaiiKC "I' fccliiiK in ■ ,^ . i ■, ,i i ihiinrio. DeicMt (if in Outario, aiul it tluMi became llii' liiivcrniiii'iit. evident that they would have a hard struggle to maintain their majority in that Province. The contest was exceedingly bitter and prosecuted with great energy on both sides. but although money was used very freely the CTOvernmeiit had lost favor in Outario, and the result was that it lost its majority in that Pro- vince. It must be remembered that at the General Election of 1867, Ontario was strongly Reform, and that it had given its support to the Macdonald Administration not as a Conserva- tive but as a Coalition Ministry to carry oixt Confederation. At that time there was no issue before the country except the consuiuraa- tiou of Confed'nation, and that Ontario had supported; but in 1S72, although there was no great question at issue, the Government was put on its trial for its conduct during the live years it had been in j^ower, and the verdict of the people was against it. There were various causes at work to eiii'ijt this result, foremost amongst which may be noted that during that live years the complexion of the Government had changed, and it wa'- no longi'r a Coalition composed of the leaders of both parties, but almost purely Conservative, all lecent vacancies having been lilled with members of that party, and the old members of the Cal)iiu't who entered it as Liberals having become so identi- iied with the Conservative interest that they were no longer recognized by their old party. , Then the Local Government had uiulcriione a change, and a Reform Administration had taken the place of the f>andliel(l Macdomild C!oalition; and as two members of thai Crovt rn- ' meiit (Messrs. Blake and Mackenzie) were tlie leaders of the Opposition in the Commons, they j naturally took with them much of the inlluence ■ of the Local House in the Dominion contest. ' Another point against the Government was the Treaty of Washington. The jieople of Ontario , had set their hearts upon getting a rencwul of ! the Reciprocity Treaty, and had coiinted upon the Fisheries to get it for them again iisthey had before; and when they iound that the Fisheries had been given up without Reciprocity — except in iish and iish-oil, wliich was of no advantage to them — they revenged themselves on most of the Ontario members who had supported the I Treaty by refusing to re-elect them. The troubles in the North-West had also consid- eral)le eii'ect on the elections, the Orange vote ' being very largely alienated by the failure of ! the Government to take any steps to avenge ' the murder of Scott, and this feeling was con- sideriil)ly increased by the action of the Local House in oli'ering a reward of >;•"), 000 lor the arrest of the parties guilty of that loul act. These wer(> the principal inlluences at work, but there were others, such as a f'cling of alarm at the gigantic public works to which the Government was pledijed ; the increase of the cost of Government; and, to a small extent, I a little dissatisfaction at the repeal of the slightly protective duties which had been placed on American produce. ;j. — The lirst contested election in Ontario was I at Kingston, where Sir John A. Macdonal'.l was opposed by i.i'r. John Carruthers, ' ' , , •' , . ,, ,• 1 Sir. I. .Ill, A. a wealthy and iiilluential mer- Mm,.! ii.iv> tr.-t •^ . ,. ill l\illlI.-i|iHI. chant. Ihe opposition to >ir John in 18(17 had been almost nominal, his oi>ponant, Mr. Stewart, was not a stroim' man, I and his caiididaturc was looked on as annoyin'-i' more than anything I'lse, and, eonseiprently, lie only obtai'ied 142 votes out of the very light poll t;f 8/7 (the number of voters on the rolls was 2,284 ) ; l)ut the condidature of Mr. l!il I' I f < ' I i :i, t'' f I l^'^\ •i5(5 TPTTLR'S IIISTOIJY OF TlfR DOMINION OF CANADA. Canutlu'i's \v;is a very dillbront inuttor; ho was j till! sti-oiiuvst miiu thi' ill ronii imrly coxild liud in Kiniistoii ; he wms liiyhly respected, .a lavffi' employe!' oT l;il)nv, iiud a resident — one ol' the I great cries iigainst 8ir John being that he was a non-resident, — and the whoh' strength ol' the IJelorni juirty was used to comi>ass tlie defeat ol' the leader ol' the Government, it being evident that snch a result would seriously alFect other elections in Ontario. The Nomination took ])lace on the 2oth ot Jnly. and was attended with muth disorder. When the candidates attemi)tcd to address the crowd they were inter- rnpted by shouts and yells, and the annoyance became so great that both candidates lost temper and engaged in a personal encounter on the platl'orm, which was sjieedily put a stop to l^y mutual friends. The cont-;;~t throughout was coiulucted with much vigor, and on the day of polling, the 1st of August, the excitement was intense. In spite of the most strenuous efforts of the Opposition, however, the n-sult showed that Sir John still retained his hold on the affections of the Kingstonians, he being returned !)y a majority of 131 out of a total vote of 1,:!:)9. 4. — Another contest which excited much attention was that of Sir Francis Hiucks, Minister of Finance. Sir Francis OetVat of Sir rniiifis i i , i i i i. -»-t i iiiiuksiiiSdiitii iaad l)eeu elected for North liriinl. II ,. Iventrew by 120 majority over Mr. Findlay, when he accepted a seat in the Cabinet in October, 18(39 : but so strong an opposition had oeeu raised against him in the Riding that it was thought most prudent to find another constituency for him, and accordinclv, he was nominated for South Ih-ant. Mr. A. Watts, who had been previously mentioned as a candidate, retiring in his favor.* The principal cry raised against Sir Francis was that he did not belong to Ontario at all, having for many years resided in ^lontreal, when not out of anada altogether, and his financial policy was • Tlic> .V.iiV in annniuK'inc the Ctovprnnient Ciindiiliitc". on tlio liith of .Inly— lit tlie siimn lirno thiil it iinnotuii'o.l the diH.ioltitinn of I'iirlinmont— L'Mvc tlie iiiuiip of .-^ir Kriiiici- ji'i tlic iiinnini'i' for North lieiifrcnv. Imt on thi' followiiiL' .hi.v tlic iminc of Mr. I'eter While, iiin. iiii|ieiirei|, iiiiil on the mill, it «M^ .■'t.iteil lh:it Sir Kr.inei.- woulcl run in ."^outh Hrnnt.Mr. Watts hiivinir retired. also very severely criticised, especially his IJank- ing policy. The election took place on the 19th of August, when he was defeated l)y Mr. T. Patterson, by a vote ofl,:!78to l,H'd. Sir Francis was subsequently returned for Vancouver, B.C. Amongst the other prouunent Conservatives defeated in Ontario were the Hon. J. H. Cameron, in Peel; lion. Aquila Walsh (one of the Intercolonial Kailw^ay Commissioners) in North Norfolk ; Mr. Walter Shanly in South Gren- ville ; Mr. Ualton McCarthy, in North Simcoe, and the Hon. William Macdougall — who, although sometimes voting with the Opposition, was ranked as a Mhiisterialist — in North Lanark. Altogether the Government was thrown into a minority in the Province, and the Globe exultiniily exclaimed of the result: ''The |! election of 1S72 has reversed the verdict of 5. — Iv. Quebec there was also some reaction against the Government, but not so o-reat as was the case in Ontario, „, , . „ , ' Tlie result in (Quebec. the Government maintaining a J|,'i'v",'.'ii|||!„'|',', majority, although somewhat '""■""">• reduced. Here, as in Ontario, th(> troubles in the North- West played a conspicuous part, but ill a reverse manner, for, as in Ontario, the Government was blamed for not punishing the murderers of Scott ; so in Quebec they were blamed for not proclaiming a general amnesty and freely jiardoninu' Riel and others for the murder. Another su})ject which operated against the Government was the New Ihninswick School question, which really told more against the Government in tjuebec than it did in New Brunswick. The cry, of course, was that Parliament ought to have advised the Governor- General to exercise his power and veto the New Brunswick School Act (See Chap. xxv. par. viii), and that the FriMich members from Quebec who \ had voted with the Government on that ciuestion had sacrificed the interests of their co-religionists j in New Brunswick to the exigencies of party. The strongest cry, however, was that raised by the Parti Nntionale, that the interests of the Province had been surrendered at Confederation : by admitting the principle of Reiiresentation by GOVEIi'NMKNTOF TIIK KAIMi OK DCFFEJIIN— TIIK (IKXFI.'AI, KIJlC'I'loM ol' 1S72. ;:r.7 l>()pialatioii, and using- it to the disadvantage of Qnebcc. The I'ait that the re-distribution of seats whiih had lollowed the census of IHTl, and which was made during the session of 1S72, had given six more representativ-s to Ontario, one to New Brunswick, and two to Nova 8eotia. while the niiml)i'r from Quebec remained at sixty-live, \vas used as an aniiiinent that Quebec had been injured by the terms of Confederation, and the claim was set up that Quebec should i have the same number of representatives as Ontario, irrespective of population — as was the case before Confederation. Added to this there was a little soreness about the Treaty of Washington, and a slight disposition towards annexation amonust asmall eli(iue. which helped against the Government, whose majority was considerably, but not materially, reduced. (i. — The greatest interest centered in the elec- tions for Montreal West, and lilast, and Quebec Centre. In the former the Hon. li. CiirlRT. itCDrni' John Young oppos"d Mr. G. A. Dri;mmond, the Government candidate ; in Montreal East tSir Geo. B. Cartier was opposed by Mr. L. A. Jette, aiul in Quebec Centre, Jlon. Mr. Cauchon, who ran as an Independent, was opi)osed by Mr. Koss. In the Western Division of Montreal the contest assumi'd very much the character of a struggle between Protection aiul Free Trade, with a small dash ot annexation thrown in. The Hon. John Young was an advocate of Fret^ Tradi", in its widest sense, and had for some time past been favoring the idea of a Customs Union with the I'nited States, which was generally regarded as being only tlie entering wedge of Annexation. Mr Young was one of th(> oldest and most respect(>d citizens of Montreal, and had undoubtedly done much to build up the city by advocating the deepening of the St. Lawrence Channel, and other schemes for the improvement of its shipping facilities. Mr. Drumniond, on the other liand, was a partner in the large sugar relinery of h'edpath & Sons, giving employment to several hundred hands, and was an ad\'ocate of moderate Protection, This was the first instance since Confederation where Free Trade and Protection were fairly I pitted against each other as an issue, and Free Trad.' certainly had the best of it, for on Election Day, the :2sth of August, the lion. John Young was returned by a majority ol' &2<\ having had , 2,140 votes polled in his favor, to his opponent's 1,:520. In Montreal I'last the contest was all on one side, as Sir Georne Jv Curlier was ill in bed I and could take no part in the contest, which I was carried on by his opponent on the grounds I already stated. Mr. Jette was Solicit ir of the Seminary of St. Sulpice. and as such, was sup- posed to have the inlluence of the Church on his side; and certainly he had powerful inlluenees at work in his favor, for he was returned by a majority of 1.2S2, out of a total vote oi 4.2'. 8. The defeat of Sir George was (piite unexpected, and was generally attributed to the wish of the Church to punish him for his coivduct in the New Brunswick School Act and Ked River Amnesty questions ; and there is no reason to doubt but that these two (questions were the cause of his defeat. Sir George was afterwards elected for Provenchv'r. In Quel)ec Centre the feeling between the Irish and French ran very hiuh and the meetings of the rival candidates : were very disorderly, culminating on election day, till' oth of August, in a row in which one man was shot. Mr. Cauchon obtained a majority of 108, mostly obtained by bullying and intimi- dation. 7. — In the Maritime Provinces the Govern- ment gained considerable streniith. and the last vestige of dissatisfaction at Con federation were totally swept away in Nova Scotia. It will be rc'membered , that at the General Election of 1807 the only candidate in favor of the Union who was elected was Dr. Tupper ; biit, since the change of policy of the Hon. Joseph Howe, and his ' acceptance of office under Sir John A. Mac- donald, public feeling had gradually been improving, the Anti-L'onfcderate Local House had been defeated. Union ca;ididates had larried all I he elections for the Commons, and the majority of the members of that House who had been elected to oppose Cositionist who was eloctod. in New Brunswick, also, the (roverninent was strenntiiened, gaining Four seats, and only two gentli'nien — Messrs. Angliu and C'onnell — who wore likely to strongly opi>ose the (rovernrneut were returned. In Manitoba and British C'ohinibia supporters of the Government were returned. 8. — Taking the returns as •,„ whole, therefore, i the Government ol' Sir John A. Macdonald was I n..m.rksnn(iu. sustuiued, but it experienced a '■'■""' • severe shaking, and the defeat of two mernbers of the Cabinet and the loss of a majority in Ontario very materially weakened it: whilst the questionable means resorted to to maintain even the majority retained opened it to the attf.ck of the Opposition, which led to the retiremei.t of the (uivernment in November, 1m73. Tiie actual loss was about one half of the majority which the Government had during the session of l!S72. On the vote on the second 'eading of the Treaty of Washington the Gov- ernment had a majority of (IG, which m \y be taken as its nuiximum strength ; and on the ote on Mr. Huntington's motion, on 2ud April, 1S73, charging the Government with having sold the Charter of the TaciHc Railway to Sir Hugh Allan — which is a strict party vote — the Govi'rn- ment was only sustained by 31 out of a vote of 1^3, so that it is a safe estimate to say that the Government had half of its majority shorn from it by the General Election of 1872. CHArTEK XXXIII. .tiOVF.nX.MKNT OF TIIK K.^lil, OF DCFFKKIN. FlUST SK.SSION SECOND L'AllJJAMFLXT, 1S73. 1. Ol'ENINGOFrARI.I.V.MENT. ThE Sl'KECH FROM Tin: TlIKO.NE. — 2. WksT rEXERHOKO' ELEC- TION. — 3 The KiHsT Divi.sioN. The Govern- ment SU.STAINED BY 16. — 4. ThE MusKOKA EI.Ei'THiN. — ■'). West PkTEKUi •!{(•' El.Et'TION. Hon. Mr. IIlNTINcirn.N's MdTlD.N. — tj. Ke.mai!ks ii.n the Opposition tactics. — 7. ilii.N. Mr. Mackenzie citiTnis'.s the Speech FuoM THE Throne. — 8. Petitions for a rROHIIMTOUY 1 iQUOK LaW. — '.». PROTECTION OF NAVIOAItLE STREA.MS. — 10. AcT FOR PI!o- TEr-TlON OF NAVKIAHLE RIVEliS PASSED. — 11. Act pas.- Senate Chanibov, and the Commons lieinu' summoned and thf Spcakt-r liavinration policy of the Government. Attention was called to the approachiuii' completion of the statistii'al portion of the census, and the establishment ot a Bureau of Statistics sugaested. A new Election Law and also an Ared to issue a writ for '-■''"^"""- an election in Quebec to lill the vacancy caused l)y the appointment of Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau to the Speakership of the Senate ; and another, that the address be considered on Monday, the lOth. Hon. Mr. Blake moved that the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery be instrust Peterboro" in this Parlia- ment, and that the said John Bertram has a right to take his seat in this IIous(>, as member for West Peterboro' .savi..j however to all ' Candidates and Electors their right of contestinti' the said election, if they think proper in such manner as may appertain to law and justice, and according to the usage of Parliament. '" In this case the Keturning Oliicer stated, that on the day of nomination, 10th of Auuust, he had demanded from the candidates their (jualili- cations* that Mr. Cluxton had handed in his. but Mr. Bertram had not, and that, therefore, he had declared Mr. Cluxton elected, "on the ground that he was the only Caiulidate who I comjilied with the provisions of the otJth and I 37th sections of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada.'' I 3. — Hon. Mr. Blake argued in favor of his motion that it was manifestly to the interest of the House that every coiistitu- ..,, ,. , ,. . . J 1 lie first ilivi>ic)ii. ency should be represented in '.;|''i"||",'i™j. I the House; that the representa- '""''■''"■ tives were, for the most part, elected by the majority of the voters ; that " no less than torty- I seven membtM-s were elected under fourdillerent sets ot electoral statutory provisions, which differed materially from the electoral laws under w^hich the remaininu- members of the House were returned ; that many candidates were • Cuiiiliiliites tor C,,e llutise ni" C'-mttintis frniii Oiitiirio wcrr tln'ii reciuiri'il t" i|Ualil'- to tlic valiii' nf i;.5(KI yt^ 'I'lu' Iiiw lni> siiiii' lieuii cliitDKfd iirnl iii> ■..rn|n'rt>' >|iiiilitic.-iti% U-lk ;}(!0 TrTII-rs HISTORY OF TirK DOMiVFOX OI' TAXADA. ii'iioiant ol' tlif rcciuin'mi'iils ol" llic lii\\,iuul that where il wiis .shown tliiit m i[> till' niattiT and deal with it .suniniarily in.st.'ad ol' leji'i'iiny it to the ('omniitti'c on Privileges and Kleitions and i|Uoted precedents Iroiii hoth iMiiilish and Canadian praetit e in support of liis ariiiinient. rfir John A. Maedonald contended (iiat the House was not the proper i)lace lo try the ques- tion. A Comniillee on Privileges and I'^lections was appointed lor the express [)urpose ol' removing all such yuesdons honi the arena ol' party politics and placing them bel'ore a tri- himal which should consider them with all the impartiality oi' a Court. He would not enter into the merits of tlie question as he held that the i>roiier i)lace I'or that was Ijel'ore the Com- mittee, which Committee, he promised should be struck as soon as the Address was adopted ; and he moved in amendment that the i)apers in the case be referred to the Committee on Elec- tions and I'rivileii'es, with instructions to rei)ort, without delay, "on the pro[)er and legal course to be adopted with retiard to tiie said Return, in order that the rights of all i)arties concerned may ])e duly protected."' The discussion was continued by Me.ssrs. Carter, Palmer, Hiucks, Howe and Mathieu in favor of referring the question to tlie Committee ; and ])y Messrs. Huntington, Blain, Scatcherd, Mackenzie, IJod- well. Prevost, Caiichon and r)lake in lavor of its beinii' decided by the House. Hon. Mr. Mac- kenzie moved an ami'iidment to the amendment of Sir John A. Maedonald to the eflect that Mr. Bertram should be declared duly elected I'or "West Peterl)oro' and entitled to take his seat, which amendment was lost on division by a vote of 79 for. !».") against The amendment oll'ered l)y Sir John A. Maedonald was then adopted l)y a vote of 95 for, 79 against. 4. — The Returning Officer for the County of • Mr lU'rIriiiii sent in hi.' (■citificiilc (if quiilitiiMliiiii tu tlio Kuluriiiiii; Ofl'ioer on the ^iid <>( August, two du>» alter the elfutioii. Muskoka, Mr. Kichard James Bell, made a special return to the ellect that he was i,,,, m,,,!,,,!,,, unable to make a return in con- «'»'■"""• I'ormity with the terms of the statutes, I'or the reasons that the poll-ljook for the township of Morrison had been lost, and no imll clerk having been iii)poiiited, lie was unable to o])tain the allida\its re(|uii-e(l by law in the case of a poll- book biin'.i' lost ; also, that in the district of I'arry Sound, the poll clerk, Mr. John Wilson, had been found incompetent, and a Mr. John I'oley had acted in his i)l;iee without being sworn. On the JOth of March Hon. Mr. Blake called attention to this return, and made a motion which, after recounting the circum- stances of the case, concluded, " That the Clerk of the Crown in Ciiancery do forthwith amend theretitrn for the I'^lectoral District of Muskoka, by inserting therein the name of Alexander Peter Cockburn, Es(|uire. as havinu been duly elected for the said District." Mr. Iilake .said that the returns .showed that ii5J votes had been polled for Cockburn, and 580 for D'.A^r< y Boulton, givinu- Cockburn a majority of 1 22. In Morri.son the vote was, Coikl)urn .'iJ, Boulton 3 ; and in Pa-.ry Sound, Cockburn S4, Boulton 19; so that even throwing out the vote of these two places Cockburn would have a majority of 2('), and he claimed that he ought to be admitted to his seat at once. Sir- John A. ^lacdonald said that althouiih he was opposed to the House dealinii' with questions of this kind, still, the circum- stances of the case were so dill'erent from those ol" the West Peterl)oro election, that he should not oppose th(» motion, }mt he hoju'd that the House would pass an Act which would prevent this case being used as a precedent , Mr. Blake's motion was tlien carried. 5. — On the isth of March the Committee on Privileges and li lections rejwrted on the West Peterboro' case to the ell'ect that whereas the Iveturninii' Officer West I'Lierlinrii' i:ic,-ii.Hi. ll..ii. .Mr. Iliiiitint:t«>ir..j had returned William Cluxton """""■ as duly elected, and it did not appear that he was either disqualilied, or ineligible to be | (dected, or an improper person to sit in the House, they were ot opinion that the House ludoaHpt'cial 1' .Miisk.ikii I'IImm. Uti's, lov the township of •It'i'k Imviii^' ohtaiii tlu> •*t' of a poll- ' district of i>hii Wilson, II Mr. .loliii liout bfiiig Hon. Mr. I, and madi? the tircum- t tho Clerk vith amend •f Mu.skoka, j Alexander been duly lilake .said es had been vy lioulton, n Morrison 3 ; and in 11': so that two i)laces | -0, and he to his seat said that ise dealinii' le circum- j from those ' he should i d that the ; d prevent Ir. ]}lake's iinittot> on the West L-ierIinr<»' II. Hon. Mr. IKtnn'H / ♦^ . / i- 1.1,.. l\ -m: '■l..t!» 1 ir that he le to be it in the | le House X- ^ X. ^ ' »■ '"i-v M lil.'U' !, ! 1 m ' I It ,M: I / ■ — ' •> >] I T*--'--rri I -H-' rNGRWlO UPHESSLV fOR lU'Ilt S HISfORV OF IH[ DOMINION lMiBLlHi4Nn D!SRAR*i; LlIHO COWP' 1 ■. ,| f: 'ij fi'i ; jl K(l ' M 1 fit*! "•■ t (iOVEIi'XMKNT OK KAIiL DrKI'KIJIJ^— FIRST SKSSION M'.COXD PARLIAMHNT, is:,!. .•{(Il ought not to di'clare liiin not ontitit'd to his .scat; 1ml that l\u\ case .should be left to bo dealt with under the rontiovcrtcd Elections Act, il' any petition was made ag-ainst his roturn. Mr. Huntington nuivud, 'That the Report ol' the Comniiltoe on Privileges and Elections eoucerning the Ueturn ol a Member to this House I'rom the electoral district ot'AV»'st Pet 'rboro' be not concurred in, but that it be resolved, That this House deems it necessary to protect the interests ol (he ICleclors generally, and particularly those ol' West Peterboro' by securing to the Candidate who has received the majority ol' votes, his seat in this House, and therelbre deems it proper to ad in aciordance with the proceedings of this House on the 10th of March, instant, in causing the return i'rom the IClecloral District of Muskoka to be amended by inserting the name of A. P. Cockburn Esq., the said A. P. Coekburn having had a majority of votes oast in hi.--, favor, as shown by the Kelurn made to this House, and in conformity with this precedent, and the precedents in the Parliament of the Province of (!anada in the Oxford case, the Kent case, the Beauharnois I'ase, the Bagot case, and the Lennox and Addington case, to assert its jurisdiction, to maintain its privileges, and forthwith to redress the greivances and llagrant violation of law and duty, apparent on thi> papers which has been committed in declarir.g the Candidate, who received a minority of votes, to be duly elected ; and thi House declares that John Bertram Esq., having, according to +he rt'turu made to this House, received 74o votes, while William Cluxton, Esq., the other Candidate, received only 70.') votes, should have been returned as member for West Peterboro', and has a right to take his seat, saving the riiihts of all persons to contest the Election and Keturn." He followed th(> line of argument taken by Hon. Mr. Blake and others that the Ileturnin<>' Oflficer should have deilared the Candidate who received most votes elected. ^lessrs. James Macdonald (Piclou), Jones (Leeds), Mackay, Palmer, Macdonald (Antigouish), Daly and others opposed Mr. Huntington's motion, which 48 was supi^orted by Messrs. Mackenzie, Mills, Joly, Aiiglin and others. Mr. Huntini^ton's motion was tht'ii deieated by a vote of lis lor, '.•;5 against. G. — This qxiestion of the West Peterboro' election was very cleverly used by the ()pp((>i- tion as an attack on the Crovern- i{„,„;i,.i,.„,nh,. ment, and it was pressed in the "i'I"-'Ii..m i;i.i,.-. iirst instance as a (juestion of privileiic so as to get a division on it before (lu? Address was debated .so as to feel the strength of I lie (lovern- nient to ,see if it would be safe to try u non- conlidence motion; but although the (Jovern- ment only showed a majority of si.vteen the Oi)position did not feel sulhcicnt conlidenee to move an amendment to the Address. D is a curious circumstance that no attempt was made to show either that Mr. Bertnim was i|uulilied, or that he had tendered his (pialilication lo ihe Returning Officer at the time of nominal ion as the law required; and that the statement of Mr. Daly that "Mr. Bertram ha, Miller, and Carroll participated, was adopted without division. in the House the debate did not take place until the 11th, when the address was moved by Mr. Tobin, seionded by Mr. Palmer. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie thought that the Speech had been carefully drawn so as not to commit anybody to anything. While he was IW \\'\ *•* \ ^ 3(52 'I'UTTLirS lIlSTOin' OK rilE DO.MIXIOX of CANADA. ^■'1 Iji!! :i iil'ii" vvillinii- to iulmil the pvosporify of the country, it imist )i<)t l)c Ibriiottoii that we had just passed ihrouu'Ii a liuaucial crisis, and he tlioui'lil that that crisis had been aggravated by the course of tht; Finance Minister, wliich had tended to make money scarce and dear, liei'erring- lo tlie Tacilii' Itaihvay, he chiimed that tlie (tpposiiion WH're as anxious to have it biiilt as the (iovernment, but they objected to the nunmer in whicli it was proposed lo do the work : they ol)jected to the extraordinary powers taken by the Government, which instead of inviting free competition, had shixt out all comi)etitit)n. With regard to granting the cliarter to »Sir lluiih Allan and his American conlVeres, he did luit object to the employment of American cajutal, Imt he did object to the capitalists who were engaged in building the Northern Pacilic Railway l)eing interested in tht' Canada ra, as we shall devote a chai)ter entirely to that subject further on, but for the present will content ourselves with recording the action taken during the session of 1873. On the •2U\i of Mar.h, I\Ir. Bod well moved to refer all the petitions praying for a Prohibitory LiqiU)r Law to a Select Committee with power to send for persons and papers, wiiich was ado])ted.* In sui>port of his motion Mr. Bodwell uryed that the House had the rigiit to deal with the question, as it was one att'ecting • 'I'hi' Cniiimiiic'i' wii- .■"iiiiinscil 111' .Mi'ssr.^i. li.i.lwi'll, .\l,u:ki>nzic, <'mw- l'..ril, li.'olini-.l, lliivvcll, l!iii-|ii-i'. (Siiiihuiy), rnsuniiii, Cliiiilinn, Clii>liiiliii. Wilkes l''.irl>i's Kilhiiii. Cilil.s (S.iiilli Onliirio). K'lss. (.Mi.Mli'si'M'. iinil llii.li;!'. 'I'lip iiiiiiK'^iil' .Mi'^sr,-. ■I'illcy. I'lliiiii'ln'l mm.I T'll.in wore vtnu k .ilV tlieCnininiltci' M ilii-ir n'MUc.^l— .\li'. 'I'illcy <>ii llic uniiiii'l th.it it wm< nnl usii.il liir a .Miiii'liTtn In' uu a Ciiiiiiuiltei' (if tliat iiiilure— iiiiil .Vkwrs. Hlaiiilii't mill Tiiliin, lifciuisc tlii'y ilid nut wish tosorve. iil- ii •■ fiOVHIlXMRXT OK HART. I)UFI''F,[M\— FIHST SHSSIoX Sr-X'OND ^AI;I.IA^rl•;^'T, 1>^7:!. ;!"i:{ trade and commerce, and {ho old Parliament of Canada had passed four prohibitory laws. He eontonded that the Maine Liquor Law had boon at least partially suciossi'iil, and claimed that the introduction of a Prohibitory Law here would greatly reduce crime and increase the I happiness of the people. The loss of revenue would be $4,7!i8,:^17, but he thouoht that the I Finance Minister i ould easily lind some way to i make that up. Dr. Grant thought the subject the most iinpovtant that could be broun'ht before the House, but did not consider that the people were pn^pared for prohibitive measures. Mr. ! Chisholm said tliat the cry " s-ducate the ^aiblic mind " had been rai.sed for the past I'O years, but if the evil continued to increase as it had done in that period there soon would l)e no one lelt to educate, as the race would have become ex- tirpated. He thtmu'ht thnt the matter should be dealt with by the House at once. On the twenty- fourth of April the Committee ]>resented its lirst report, in which it was stated that ooH petitions had l)een received signed l)y OO,!;}!' persons, and also 59 pt^titions from Municipal and other corporate bodies, representing a population of 428,723. The report concluded, *' The Committee resiiect fully request that permission be granted them by the House to procure samples of li(|Uors, as far as practi- cable, from evrry Province of the Dominion, and to haA'C the same analyzed and reported upon I by competent persons, and which the Committee believe will disclose a system of adulteration, immense in its extent, fatally destructive to health, mental and physical, (intensifying the deleterious oH'ects of alcolntlic beverages) and injurious in a degree but little suspected, to the revenues of the Dominion." t)n the ninth of May the second report of the Comniittet> was pre- sented, in which the House was urged to take some action on the petitions, but beyond order- ing several thousand copies of the report to be printed, no acticm was taken by the House. In the Senate a similar Committee was appointed oil the twenty-fourth of jViiril, on the motion of the Hon. Mr. Vidal, sel.sea, were I appointed by an 0"der-in-Council on the lith of ! November ISTI, such Commissioners. These I gentlemen made a very extended survey of i the navigable streams on which lumbiMing I operations were -arried on, and found in many I instances immens > deposits of sawdust, slabs, { bark and other . i.l refuse, wiiich in some i instances almost comjiletely blocked the streams. | They also took a u'reat deal of evidence, a great | p >rtion of which went to show that sawdust aloh" was not injurious to the streans, and that it was only when it became mixed and blocked with sli'bs, t^tc, that it settled in masses which the spring freshets could not take away. 'I '•:> H I 1. i(;i J 'i Hllllii'' !j[:i:H| ll!lJi'l::i|lii'Ml hi'll. in* :;(U Tl TTLKS IIISTORV (»!•' THE DO.MIXIO.X Ol' CANADA. Till' ("oiiimittiM' iTportod in Fchvnavy 1870, | n'coiiii'iKliiiii' that an Act Iv passed imposing a heavy lint' inr throwing mill rel'uso, except sawdust, into streams. 10.— On the IHh oi" Manh, Mr. ("artwright introduced a l)ill lor the protection of navi- i uahle streams and rivers, which ; ii^aiLMiiic riv,.| enacts that no sawdust, edg- ings, slabs, bark or rubbish shall be thrown into any uaA'igable river under a penalty ol' >i20 for the first, and ' >i.')0 lor each sul)se(jueiit oil'ense. The Gov- ernor-! n-Council having the right to exempt any river I'rom the oi)eratiou of the Act. In moviiiu' the second n^adiiiu', Mr. ('artwri"-h, ! I pointed out that in some streams the depth ol" w ■■ hail been reduced i'rom eight or nine feet to four or Uve. In New Brunswick the mill owners were compelled to burn their sawdust ; and he protested against any private interest i being allowed to ol)struct our great streams. | In Committee, Mr. Bellero.se moved the three ! months hoist, which was defeated on a division. '■ Hon. Mr. Mackenzie thought it was a shame ^ that the Ottawa Ifiver should be left in its pre.sent j condition; and tliat if this custom wa3 allowed to L!'o on. it would soon be a question whether j the naviu'able cjiannels would not be impeded. '• Mr. Currier thought that most of the injury was j done by throwiuii' in edgings and slabs. It , would be very diilicult and expensive to con- sume the sawdust, lie maintained that the | sawdust did not atlect the Fisheries, for the Ottawa was full of lish. Mr. Wright (Ottawa Co.), did not believe that any injury resulted to the streams i'rom throwing sawdust in ; but thought the injury to navigation had resulted from slabs, edgings, &c. lie thought it would l)e almost impossible for lumbermen to dispose of their sawdust any other way than by throw- ing it into the rivers. Mr. lloche.ster was per- fectly satisfied that the spring freshet had always carried away the sawdust that was throwai into the Ottawa River from the mills; and the passage of the bill would do great injury to the lumbering business. As to injuring the Fisheries, ^ he maintained that there were no important lish . in the Ottawa. Mr. Lewis said that it would be impossible for the mill owners of the Chaudiere to burn their refuse, as they had not space to do so, and it would not be lair to them, after they had goiu? to such heavy exi>ense to prevent their throwing their sawdust into the river. After some further discussion the Bill was passed. 11. — It will be rememl)ered that at the lirst ses.sion of the lirst Parliament ]\lr. Mills introduced a Bill for the abolition \,i|.;i~- of last Parliament he had found so many favorable to it that now ho desired to get an expression of opinion from the House. He thoiight that as long as the Lieut enant-Crovernors of the Provinn spoke in favor of the amendment. Mr. Bellerose moved in amendment to the amendment " That this House while aflirming its right to legislate on the question of Dual Representation, thinks it more advisable to leave the question of its abolishion to th(> Local Legislatures, if its existence appears disadvan- tau'eous to them." After some discussion Mr. Bellerose's amendimnit was then put and lost by a vote of 5(3 for, KT against. Mr. Mas.son's amendment was then put and lost, when Mr. llaker moved the six months hoist which was lost 57 for, 96 against. The Bill was then read a second time, and subsetjuently passed and received the assent of th(> Governor-General. The question was not regarded as a strictly party one, and the division list showed that Ministers were divided on it, Messrs. Macdonald. Langevin, Rope and Robitaille voting for the six J lonths hoist, while Messrs. Campbell, Mitchell, Tilley and Tupper voted against it. 12. — The feeling of disquietude as to the future relations of Canada to the Mother en„.v.ionmonnf.ho <^'ountry which had occasionally '''"""'''^- bei'u making themselves felt, and the slight dispositioii towards Annexation which was sometimes shown — more particularly by some members of the House who supported the Opposition — gave rise to the introduction. on tho 31st of March, by Mr. Wallace (Albert) of a series of resolutions on which to base an Address to Her Majesty, praying for a Confederation of the Empire.* Mr. Wallace said in support of his resolutions that as the leading journals of Great Britain had inti- mated that Canada might sever her connection with Great Britain if she wanted to, it was an opportune moment I'or Canada to express llu' opinion that she did not want Independence or Annexation, but would be glad to have all the British Empire federated. Hon. Dr. Tujtper hoped that the motion would be withdrawn. The chain of Union which bound thi' Atlaiiiii' to the Pacilic, had only just been completed; and he deprecated any action which niiiiht lead to the impression abroad that Conledevatioii had not been successful and that the people were not satisfied with it. Sir .Tohi; A. Macdonald was glad that tho resolutions had been introduced, as he thought that the relations with Great Britain would gradually become less of allegiance, and more of alliance. The idea of Independence now was absurd, as we were not able to staiul alone, and would l)e absorbed by the United States in less than live years. He did not believe in the lamb laying down with the lion ; they might lie down together, but he was afraid that the lamb would be inside. After some further disiussion the motion was withdrawn. 18._0n the 1st of April, Hon. Mr. Tilley, Minister of I'^inance. made his Budget speech, reviewinii' the Financial con- dition of the country. He commenced by resretting iho n^tin'menr of Sir Francis Hincks, on account of failing health. • 1. Tli'it Ciiniidiiiii^ must h»ik 'cinviinl t'l nlliiiniiiu their I'lill rtalus Uji n piMipli.'. hut whili' dnimf m.. thcv jirc iiliki* npi.D-p.l to Iinh-pcliiii'licn, nr iibsorhtioii in' t tlic uf'it-'hhiniriiiu Itcp'thlii, iiml th'-.ire mily !*» eii.ioy their |■i^'hls ii.« I'lilly as their IVIhuv-siihieet- in tlie liritish Me.-. L'. Thiit iti return I'cir Iii'itig einliiweil with the I'lill riuhis nC ■^ithjeet.--. the CiiiiiKliati peiqile will lie pre|iiiiei| tn iissiiinc their ^h:lrl•■• nt' tho refpnn-iliility urisiii}.' cult nf tlietti. .'!. Thiit IIS Steiitii iitiil Teleuniph hnve enniieeted I.'iiuhiii iiiwl (lltii\v:i us eliiely t'lirelher as were Loielmi niicl Ivlinliuriili at the lime nl' the riiiuii between Kinrlaiel and Si'niPind. there Muuht t" i>e iici insiiperiilile ditlieul' ties t" nhtainint-' an uh.ieet sn mneh In he desired. 4. That an linuilile address he preseined In llcr .Must Oraeinus .Majesty, prnyinii that the Imperial I'arlianp'nt may he rc-eomniendeti tn take into corisideratinn a Cuntederatiun n{ the iMMjiirt! or sume nthcr plan that will iiivo CiiNiidiiiiis tlie lull rights and |>riiiloBes id' iirilisli suhjeels. •i 1 "! ' i: ! r 1 ■ 'ii' Mil :;i;f; TITTMVS IIISTOKV OF TIIK DOMINION OP^ CANADA. licluiv entoriim- on the hudi^ot propor. he re- view ul the Finuiii'ial condition of the country durinuthe past live years, I'oniparinu' its position in 1ST2 with what it was in 18(17. In istlT tlie paid up (;ai)ital of tlie Uanks was )s!2S,(;:ilMisO; in 18T-2 it liad risen to si4'.M81»,!lti;» ; in the same time the deposits had iiuTeased from $'2G,1 03.004 to iJS'.lrJiiO.Oii;?, and if the amount deposited in Savinii's Banks was added wo would llnd that the iiierease had i)een nearly s8:},00ii,00n in six years. in trade and commerce the increase had l)een most rmnarkable; in iSfJS the exports amounted to ^.')T,oU7,88S. which had risen to s8-J,i!ort.(iti:], and for the first half of the current year (from 1st July, to -".Ist Decemi)er, 1872). they amounted to s.");),488,!ir)8. Tiu' o'oods entered for consumption hud shown an equally uratifviuLi' increase; in 186S the amount was siTl,!>8.").:!(H>, in 1872, $107,70!M16, and for the half of the current year. $84.;](;4,2'.tl. The exports and u'oods entered for consumption for the last six months in 1872, amounted together to !S12().:5:!0,r):!(l. while the whole year 18(17-8 (inly showed si 2'.(. ')")■'<. 11'4, so that the volume of trade had very nearly doubled in live years. The public debt in 18G7, was $7."). 728,000 and in 1872 it had increased to sS2,l 87,0(10. makinn' a net increase of the debt of |(1.4;')(;,00O, which was just in proportion to the increase of the population and no more. For this increase we had to siiow more than half the Intercolonial completed; we had paid $1,.")00.000 for the North-West Territories, and another $1,500,000 for opening up and settling them ; we had spent over $l,o00.000 on public works; $:!8st possible encouragement not only with ron'ard to the past, l)ut with regard to the present, and with reii'ard to the future." I'as.sin;.;- on to ihi- financial statement for the year ending ;)Oth June, 1872, he said that the estimatinl receipts had been exceeded, and the estimated expeni itures redu,125,345, in addition to which there was $470,000 carried to Sinking Fund, wliich would make the total surplus of $;?.5!l5.',i51. For the current year he estimated that there would be a surplus of about $7t)5,000 For 1873-74 the total estimates w.>r.> $30,804,089, out of which $9,974,240 was for Capital account.* Deduct from this $93,000 for debts falling due during present year and it would leave $20,820,849 to be provided for out of revenue. The estimate revenue from all sources was $21,740,000, which would show a surplus of $913,151, against Avhich there would be some supplemental estimates. He entered at length into a statement of the various items of expen- diture and probable income, and said that it was not the intention of the (Jovernment to propo.se any increase in the tarilf. With reference^ to the amounts to be spent ou the Pacific Railway and the canals he estimated that-they would involve * 'rin' :imniinf^ to (jc i.'iiiin.'1'il to Cfti'i'nl .'MMMnmt were. IiitiM'Oiiloninl ltiiilwiiy,SI,:tl"i,iiiHI: Ciiniils,s-i,J77.(KHI; I'lililic l>ni|iliii).'-. iii> Imtimt lilmir.v iirul uruciiiil.s .-^■'ti'-.i''i'l. iiialiinKii totiil (.I'.ili.MTI.'JMl. (JOVHIJXMKN'l' or KAIM- hUrFKIMN— Fl liST SKSSION SKCONK l'.\ l!I,I.\M I'.N'I", l^7'!. :!(;7 heliMtc nil ih ISaili-'ul. ail annual chaiac ol' $3,:it}7,4<)0. To nn'ct this he avaucil it would only ho nt't'cssary to rcphico llio perct'iitai^t* of duty to what it had avciagod during' tho first Jivo yi'ars ol' Confcdi'ratiou. Tiiis had hccn 12'/ per cent, hut owini^- to additions to the iVof list, roinoval ol llic duties on tea and lollre, «S:c.. il had heen rcduecd to less than 10 , in 1872. 11' the tarill' should in the future be readjusted so as to raise the avera"'e to 12'i/ a^'aiii, it would— hasiim- his esliniate on the imports of the present year, yield an income oi $:3,4:!7,">0O, which would he sallicient to meet the amount re(juired lor Ivailway and Canals, without raisinu' the averaue rate of duty any hmher than it had l)een d'.iriuLi- the lirst live years of (.Confederation. 14. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie was glad to hear the Finance Minister announce that no chaiig-e would l)e made in the tarill'; l)ut thought that the manufacturers who had been led to expect at least incidental jn'otection woirld be rather disa]ipointed. With regard to the estinuite of tin- Finance Minister that the taxation was only about $4 per head, this was only the amount collected by the JJctuinion, but it must be remembered that there was lour or live dollars a iu>ad of local taxation as well. He held that the most imiiortant thing was to nuUve Canada as cheap a country as pos- sible to live in and this could not l)e done by increasing taxation. He looked with great apprehension at the great inl what \\ni per capi/ii tax of l"]niiland was. Mr. Oliver thought that the expenditure of the Dominion had increased beyond ail proper proportion to the roveiiue. Mr. Chishoim was rejoiced to liiid the linancial statement so much better than had l)cen exp'ected. Mr. Youiil!- (Waterloo), said that if Ihe linancial condition of the coiuitry was so prosperous under a recklessly extravauani administration, he would like to know what il would have been under dillerent manaunient. He denied that the prosperous state of things was due to the ( io\ cinment ; it was due to the abnormal extension of the revenue by excessive imports, and there must follow a . ction on this; but the (lovernmenl wi nl on as if this state of things would last for ever. The pul)lic expenditure had increased Gil per cent, in live year.s, which was not warranted by our income, and would lead us to a delicit. Mr. Cartwright thought that too sanguine a view had been taken of the probnble income of the country. Mr. Thompson, (Welland) thought the (rovernment had not made tin- most of the advantages they had. He was opposed to building the Paciiic Uailway at present, and would rather see local roads in British Columbia and ^laiiitoba. Mr. Patterson, (South Brant) hoped the (lovern- menl would redeem the promises of a rrotecti\e Tarill', made during the elections. Mr. (rrant strongly endorsed the policy of the Clovernment, and considenul the building of the I'acilic liail- way an imi)erative necessity. Mr. Wilkes claimed that the peo[)le of Canada were \ery heavily and not very liiihtly taxed, and liiat the proportion of revi-nue Irom imports was larger than in any other c(mntry. Alter some further discussion Ihe formal motion to go into Com- mittee of Supply passed. :|?|,* 1 ■\ t u :f I ' *[ 1 II I !'■ 51 ;i liji ■( i :{(i8 Tl'TTLK'S IIISTiJlJV OF TlIK DOMINION OK CANADA. ['UTPtl^Cot' Mill u-riiil :iii(l oiticr -■^iil.iricy. niArTKii XXXIV. (iOVKIfN.MKNT OK Till: KAKL OF DIFFKIMN. — FlliST SFSSIoN, SKCOND I'A K'LIA.MKNT, IST.'J. — (( 'iiN'ri\n:ii.) 1. I.NCIMCASK ()!•• MlNlSTKKl.VL AND oTIIKR SAI,Al!Ii:s.- 2. TlIK liAM.OT — 3. TllE InTT-R- C'<»I.t)MAIi. ViiTH OK WANT OK CO.NKIDKiNCE. — 4. ChaNOK <>K ClAUOK ON TlIK I.NTKU- ('oi,(iMAii. — .'). Mounted i'omi.'k kou the N. W. Tkimmtouies.— ti. New Buunhwick Sciiooi, Act. $5,noo kor aiu'eal to Privy CorNC'ii,.— 7. Rk-ad.iu.. 8ri!.SlDY KOI! REl'EAIi OF EXPORT DUTY ON TIMISER IN New BUI'NSWU'K. — 10. MlS- fEEiiANiMi'.-; Acts. 1.— Oil th.' Hth ol May,8ii' John A. Miicdonald moved tile Ilou.so into C'onimitU'O on certain ri'isolutions increasing' the sahiries ol' Lieutenant Governors, Judges and other ollieers, and also the indemnity to nieml)ers ui' the Senate and House. Hon. Mr. llolton ohje( ted to the principle on which the iiuleinnity to members wa.s based, holding- that it i)resented a peeuniary induce- ment to shorten the session alter the expiration ol' thirty days. Although he did not think !|l,iiOO too high a remuneration, he was of opinion that it should he based on a i>er diem allowance. Mr. Jones denied that the system had aited viciously on iiii'inbers. Mr. Macdouald ((ileniiarry) did not object to an increase ol' salary to Judges, and would suggest an increase ol' salaries to Ministers, but was opposed to any increase of indemnity to members, thinking that they liot ''all their .services were worth." On the 14th, fSir John A. Macdouald introduced a resolution to increase the salaries of Ministers from .'SO. 000 per annum to sIT.OOO per annum, the riemier to receive $1,000 extra; such increase to take ell'eet from the l.-it day of January last. In Committee, on the 17th, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie advocated a system jf graduated salaries, such as obtained in England, and also took exception to the increase counting from the Ist ol Jiinuary past, holdinu' that it .'^hould take elicet from the eomniciicement of the next fiscal year. Sir John A. Macdiiiioii of this Hou.se it is not expedient to increa.se the salaries of Ministers of the Crown in the manner proposed ; that uniformity in amount is unneces.sary, as the heads of the less important Departments are now sulUcieiitl) p.iid with .■J.5,0<>0 per annum, and that the Resolutions be not now concurred in, but be referred back to a Committee of the Whole with instructions to graduate the salaries, s(j that the aggregate amount shall not exceed $75,000." Sir John A. Macdouald argued against having graduated salaries. Hon. Mr. Holton referred to the practice in England, and also to the fact that salaries in Canada had been graduated up to 1851. After some further ill it should of thi' next ! cl said tliat 10 Eniilisli isters were ! ■< iniiclt' no 2 of some .lati'd scale icord which resolutions :0th a " ery •ity oi'somi- vas notici'cl ivy Council n that ol'all lion. Mr. •urnior and itc ol'thinus uulitnt'ss of cior otlered 'theJuclii'cs age should ! salaries oi' ug-mented : t he i'orccd ign within law, they irds of the After some lost on a crs salaries imendmont le it is not Ministers )osed ; that iry, as ihe ments are er annum. concurred ttee of the he salaries, not exceed d argued Hon. Mr. rhind, and had been lie further G()Vi;r{N.MKNT OF KAUL DUI'KKIMX— KIRST SKSSluX SRCOND PARMAMKNT, IST-t. :i(ii> The liulliit. discussion, Mr. Mackenzie's amendment was withdrawn and the bill regulating the increase ol salaries jiassed.* 2. — The (juestion of votinu' by ballot early attracted the attention of the House, and two Bills were introduced — one ]>y Mr. Treniblay on the 14th of March, and one by Mr. Young (Wiiterloo), on the I'.'th — providinsi' for votinii' l)y ballot at elections for inenil)ers of the House of Commons. On the ."ird of April, on the motion for the | second reading of Mr. Treinblay's Bill, Mr. i Witton .spoke in favor of the ballot : he claimed that elections as at present conducted were characterized by lavish expenditure, debauchery and drunkenness ; that in the Colonies in which it had been inti'oduced it had i)roved a success, ami that its introduction in Englaiul should be followed by its adoption here. Mr. Beaiibien said that the system had l)een tried in Montreal at municipal elections and worked badly. Mr. Costigan favoi'ed open votiim' so that a man could tell who were his friends and who his enemies. > He thouaht that there was (juite as much bribery in New Brunswick uiuler the ballot as then! ever had been with oi)eu voting. Mr. Almon claimed that the ballot had been a dead failure in Nova Scotia, lion. Mr. Dorion thoimht that the best argument in favor of the ])allot was that the ■ •The Kill as i.ii.-,«oiI in-nviilcs thiit iiU JlMii^ters ."liimM n'l'iMvc'tT.rNjn per i animiii, iiml tiie I'remit'r .$l,i'"» inl'lition.-l. Tlic Ijiouf .-(invfrii ol" the ntluT I'rovinfi's .^'.'.'mki cai'li. Chit-f .Iiistircs nf ihc j (iui.'en's lieiK'h ami Sii|nTi"r Cuurls, (icu'live. In receive .^i'i,iii"i eaeh, I'mir j I'lii.-^ne Jmli.'e.'' Ill' llie t'nriiier and Icii nf llio laller si>,i«H) eaeli, twelve i Piii.iiIiiiK .luiK'c; in iVmrt nl" Krrnr and .\ppeal .sii.iltKi eaeli. \'iee-CliMneellnr ami I'uisne .luilires i-T.iKil) eaeh. I In -Viiva Seniia Ihe Chief .liisiiee nf the Supreme Cmirt and .(ml^•e in j Kciuily .^.'1,01111 eaeli, and live Ptii.-'ne .liid(,'e> sl.iKiO eaeli, llie whole with ! ."iieli Iriiveilinif expenses a.-J ma.'- lie ^'ranted l>,v the iJnvernor-in-Cnuni'il. In .Manitoha Ihe Chiel .lii.'tiee nf (incen'.s liem-li .^">.iii«i, and two .Indues .$4.IKX) eaeh. In IJritish Cnlnmliia. Ihe Cliief Jusliee nf the Siiiireme I Court .s'l.iHiii, and Iwn .Indires $1,ik»i eaeli : .JiiJi-'e.s apiiointed lietio'e Ihe Tnion In retain e.\isiinK salaries. Ccninly .Indites, exeept in York, Out., and Si. John, N.U., .■^L'.ii'"', to he increased after three years ►erviee to .*-.-l'i'l, and .'J'.liiMiavellinc expenses. In Vnrk and St. .lohn the .salaries tohK»;LMiiO at onee. .luiiior Couiitv .Indites .sJ.IHKl and same Iravellini; expenses. After fifteen years service a County .ImlKe in.iy on aeeonnl of j inliruiity he pensioned with an allowance eipial to two-thirds of his salary. The imleinnil>' to mcmhers ot' I'arliiinicni was placeil at .sl'i per ' diem if the session lasted only tliiriy da.\s. nr less, or .Si.o*io if over thirty days. The S|>eakers of the Senate and Commons to receive •^I.IKHI eaeh. A luiiu> sum ot $75,01)1) was voted to rcaiUast s.'ilaries of Civil .'^erviee t cmidoycs-.si.iXKl of wlii-li was lor oHiccrs and clerks of the Mouse of ! Commons and S-.'"i'W for those of Ihe Semite. I only place in which it h;id been tried and repealed was Nova Scotia. Mr. Young (Mon- treal) thouiiht that the ballot htid promoted law and order in Montreal, and, therefore, would support the bill. Mr. Mackay was stroiiu'ly opposed to secret voting. If the people were l)roperly educated to a correct and honest exercise of the franchise, the l)allot system would not be wanted, Mr. Smith (Westmore- land) spoke, after seventeen years exi)erience, of the peace and order ^"hich had resulted iroin the })allot system in New lirunswii k. He hoped that the Election Bill promised by the Crovern- ment would provide for voting' by l)allot. The debate was adjouriu'd until the ninth, when it was resumed by Mr. Palmer, who thought that ihe ballot would tend to lict rid of imju-oper inlluences at elections; but considered that it would be wiser to wait until after the impend- ing general (dections in England and see how it worked there before introducing it into Canada. Mr. Oliver could see no necessity for awaitinu' the result of the trial in England, when it had been tried herein municipal elections and found satisfactory. He favored the introduction of the ballot at once as the gigantic Public Works a))out to be undertaken would throw an immense amount of patronaiio into the hands of the Government, and the ballot was necessary for the protection of voters emjdoyed on those works. Mr. Smith (Peel) spoke of the various ways in which voters could be coerced, and favored the Bill. Mr. White (Hastings) did not think that the mass of voters were afraid to vote fairly and openly, nor that ixndue inJluence was used by employers. He claimed that the ell'ect of the ballot in the States had been to keeji the worst men in oflice ; and that its working in Nova Scotia had been most unsatisfactory. Mr. Burpee (St. John) said that personally he preferred open voting, but he thought that the ballot protected workiugmen aiul young men in mercantile establishments, and also caused quieter elections ; he, therefore, sxipported the Bill. Mr. Edgar thought that the system should be adopted without a\\aiting the result of experiments in other countries. Mr. Wallace 44 { I j :l'll If' !» In I t <■ ' '111' ■M I ll'l' a-o TnTI,i:s IIISTOKV ol' TlIK DO.MIN'ION ol" (ANA DA. (Norlblk) was opposed to llu' princii)!*- of ih.' l>all(>t, oil till' liroiiiKl (liat t'\ ciy votfv had a liuht to know how liis nt'iyhlxM- voted, lie poinlcd totlic yros.s hrihery whirli was prat tised midor it in the States, where men aetually coiitvaeted to lurnish so many votos lor so much money. lie lielieved tho ballot would tend to dishonor, not tu honor, to dcLirade, not to elevate the voter, Mr. Cunningham did iiol think the same roa.sons lor the ha Hot existed in Canada tliat did in l-lnulaiid. Messrs. Chishoim, Trow, lioilwe!]. iJodii'e and I'attersoii spoke in I'avor of the l)allot. Mr. MeDoiiald (I'ictou) liiou-iht that the tone ol' the debate would he illelilled to impress ioreiuiiers with the idea that Cana- dians were deterioraliiiu' and were no lonticr lit to exercise ihe I'rauchise in I lie same Tree and oi)eii manner as their rorelathers. hut he did not I believe such a change had taken place. He held I that it was only to a lew weak worthless things to whom the ballot would apply, lor the farmers and skilled aitisaiis were perfectly independent ami could and would vote as they pleased, ballot or no ballot. The case was very dili'erent ill England v''eve the inllueuce of the land- owners and cap. dists was so great, but there were no such influences in Canada. As to jjiomoting quiet elections, that, he urged, could | only be attained by seiKirating the masses of the ' voters as mueli as pos.sible, and the quiet elec- tions in NovaSeotia. had resulted from the large numbei of pollinii' places more than from the ])allot. As to bribery he believed there was quite as much, il not more, under the ballot sys- tem as under open voting. He did not believe ; that in Nova Scotia there \\ as one man out of ten who preferred ballot to open voting. He thought the arguments in favor of the liallot rather sentimental than praetical ; and in no country where it liad been tried had it raised Ihi' moral standard of the people, but had, on the contrary, debased it, as was shown most especially in the cases of the United States and France. Th(> motion for the second reading was then carried by a vote of 78 to 55. It will be ' noticed that none of the ^Ministers spoke on the j question, iu>r did any ol the leaders of the Opposition. The liill was introduced l)y a private nii'inber, and its beiiiL:' carried through its second readiiii!' liiive a very fair indication of the I'eelinii' of the House on the question with- out its beiiin' made a party one. Later on in the session (IMh May) Sir John A. Macdonald introduced a Temporary Eli'ction Act. and announced that the Government did not pro- pose to pio(!eed with (he Elet lion Act promised in the Speech from the Throne, but wmild have it printed, with tlie ballot clause, and distributed during the recess. The two ballot bills were then dropped and the Temporary Aol passed, its pro\ isions beinu' similar to the Acts in force at Confederation, except that voting was con- lined to one day. .;.— On the I'lid of May, on Hon. Mr. Tilley moving th(> House into Supply. Hon. Mr. Mac- keii/ii' moved in amendment, a lonii' resolution to the clleet y..i,;.,i Huntui thai the Govt-rnment had been extrava^•ant and wasteful in tln' matter of the Intercolonial; that largi' sums had been squandered in useless or insulhcient surveys ; that sums of money haen pointed out would arise from the haste of the Gover;unent to commence the road before proper surveys had been made, had occurred and a large sum of money thereby lost to the Government. He went on to show that the twenty mile section. No 0, had been originally let for $301,000, that changes had been made in the alinement which would reduce t he cost about §00,000 to 1 100,000, and still further changes after the contract had t (\\ icrd l)y a •d throuirh ilicatioii ol' itioii wiih- '1' 1)11 ill the ^liiciloiiakl I Act, and d not i>ro. t promised ■<>u|(l havt' listrihiited bills wcvt' cl passed, ts in luri'i' was con- Mr. Tilley Mr. Mac- llll'rri.|nlii;||. il waul 111 Ic'llri'. ti'r ol' (ho lad been sur\eys ; .0 coiit rac- that such blii' duty. •'), wlii'h id subse- ordiuiito kcnzio in yiucut ol' Mikonzie th(^ early ms which manner t some of \t would uncnt to voys had e sum of ent. He secti(m, 000, that »t which M 00,000, ract had (iOVKI.'XMKNT OK KAIil. DLM'KKHIX— I'lRST SKSSION HK('(»\I> PAHLIA.MKXT, is?:!. :!7I been re-li'l to McDonnell \- Co.. elii'ctinti- a I'urilier saviiui- of $Tl'.4l^,5; thus showiiii: an error of no less lliun silTO.OOO in the short dislance of twenty miles. Hi- then proceeded to show liow the (rovernment had lione on advaiKiii": money to McDonnell & Co,, until they had actually been [)aid $(iJ,0()(i more than they themselves had admitted to be due under the contract, lie claimed that it was a most serious thinii- for the (iovcrnmeiit to undertake to alter contracts once lliey hatl l)een let; and more particularly was this tbe case in the face of the immense I'liblii AVorks which it was proposed to underiake. D' the (Jovernment was to violate coiitrai ts in this way there was no leiiilimate stopping place, and they apparently bad no principle to <>'uide them. excei)t what they may think expedient either in the interests of the contractors, or their own interest. He dipared to accept the motion as one of want of conlideiice. and also to show that far from being guilty of dereliction of duty, the Grovernment had pursued the only coiirse that they could have taken in the i)ublic interest. With regard to the route he claimed that it was the very route advocated by the honorable gentleman himself (Mr Mackenzie) until he I'oTuul himself in 'Jposition, and then he thought it necessaiy to adopt a new opinion with regard to it. He then entered into a history of the Intercolonial from 185.S to show that the Northern route had been selected by the Imperial Government and approved by the party of the honorable gentleman, who had caused it to be surveyed. Coming to the point of the resolution he .said that rarliament had decided that the road should be built by an indei>endent Board of Ccnnmissioners, and he paid a compliment to the manner in v hich tho,se gentlemen had lilled their duties. He admitted that, acting under the pressure which had been brouuht to bear on them that the road should be commenced immediately after Con- federation, and tbe cry raised by the Ami- Confederates in No\ a Scotia that any tlelay was a violation of the contract, (he ( loveinment had been hasty and let the contracts lor the lirst few sections — of which No. ."> wasone— without ha\iiiii- as exact information as could have l)een desired; but he contended that the pul)lic in- terest had not sull'ered. and that the road had been built as economically as possibl"' He went on to ariiUe that ihi- lirst contracts had 1 ii let at lump sums to the lowest tenderers, and that in every instance but two the contractors had failed anfthi' ureal advance which had occurred in waui's since the contracts were let ; and he held that where the Government found contractors williiu; to carry out their contracts if they coiUd get a little assistance, it was better for the public interest to give them some help than to have them abandi>n the contract altogether and thedovern- ment be forced to re-let it He went on to explain that the rise in wages had been lifty per cent, and claimed that the Commissioiieis had acted in the matter as any Railway Company or private individual would ha\e done. Hon. ^Ir. Anulin said that the Minister of Customs (Dr. Tupper) had not attempted to deny that the overpayments had been made. He llu'ii attacked the cour.se pursued by the (rovernment and condemned the action of the ('■enmissioiiers, contending that we were entering upon acareer of extravagance and ciu'ruption. where money was being wasted to help friends of the Govern- ment. Hon. Mr. Tiliey defended the action of the Commissioners in granting additional aid to contractors on account of the increase of wanes. Hon. Mr. Holton contended that it had been proved that $()4,000 had been paid over and above the contract price ; and what they charged the Government with was using this amount of the public funds witliout authority from rarliament. Messrs. Burpee, (St, .John). Young, (Waterloo), and Wood supported the amend- ment and Messrs. Palmer. Wallace and Flescher opposed it, after which a division was taken and Mr. Mackenzie's motion defeated bv a vote TO m i !(» .'. I 'iii u ■M2 TI'TTLKS HISTORY ()!•' Till': DOMINION' OK ("AXADA. ' ■ i| . till- liitfrt*iiloi]i:il. lor !t.") af;':iiiisl. A resolution was sul)St'qu(Mitly I iulrodiUM'd by Hon. Mr. Tillcy and adopted that ! the contractors for sections 1 to 7 he paid eertain j sums elainied l\v them hn* extra work, to the total amount ol '^lit.'J.siM. 4. — On the 24th ol' April, Hon. Mr. Langwin moved the Hou.M' into Committee on eertain re.solutions on whieh to I'ound a l)ill ehanainii' the gauge of the Intercolonial and other Government Railways j in Now lirunswiek and Xova Scotia irom 5 ft. 6 in. to 4 it. 8.^ in., or to lay a third rail. Hon. Mr. Langevin explained that when the matter had l)een Ijel'ore the Hoiise belort> it was thought that it was impossible I'or the Grand Trunk to chaniie its gauge lor want of means : l)ut that Company had l>een able to raise the amount , necessary to make the alteration, and it was now thouuht advisable that the guaiie of the Intercolonial and other Government Railways sliould also l)e changed, so as to make it unil'orm and save transhipment at River du Loup. As to the cost. Mr Sanlbrd Klemin-i' had estimated that it would cost about $S(lo,nn(i to change the gauL^c [roin River du I^oup to Moncton, and $iiOO.nO(t to lay a third rail from Moncton to Truro, A lonu' debate ensued, not so much on the change of uauiie as in the shape of criticisiiiii' the (lovernment for imt havin'j adoi)ted the suggestion of the t)pposition two years before to change the guage, which would have saved the country a large amount of money ; after which the resolutions were adopted, and the Act subsequently passed. ;"). — Two Act.H relatinii' to the North-West Territories were passed; one with regard to legislation for the Territories, and .MhiiIiI.-.| P..lir.' |..r ,, , -il 1' ,1 !iii' Ncriii \v,>i the Other with relereiice to the TrL-ril'ilii-. . . . ,• I • 1 administration ol .lustice and the formation of a Mounted Police force, not to excei'd ."inij men. The Act provides for the appointment of one or more Stipendiary Magistrates, with salaries not to exceed $o,Oiiii per annum, who have power to try summarily, without sijuvy. persons charged with larceny, ike, if the value of the articles is ': not over $100 ; and two Stipendiary Magistrates ; may hear summarily ail cases where the punish- ment is not more than ,seveii years imprisonment — which is to be underiione in Manitoba; all more serious olfences to be tried in Manitoba. The Police Force to consist of a Commissioner, one or more Superintendents, Paymaster, Siir- iicon, and V<'terinary Surseon, and not more than .300 constables, to be all or partly mounted. Enlistment tobi' for three years, and theGovernor- in-Council may grant each man 100 acres of laud on his discharge. In introduchig the Bill. Sir John A. Macdonald said that the outiit of 300 men would not exceed $')0.(tOO, but that it was intended that the force should be .selected by deurees, and it was not probable that it would reach ;!00 men for .some time to come ; and, also, that it was the intention of the Government to reduce the military force in Manitoba as the Police force was formed. G. — It will be remembered that at the last .session a resolution was adopted that the opinion of the Law OHicers of ^.,.„ ,,,„„,„.,., the Crown, and if possible, of ^;;!'::;;!„^yvJ;'ivy' the Committee of the Privy ''"»"•''• Council also, should be obtained as to the power of the New lirunswiek Leiiisiature to pass the School Act of 1M71 (See Chap. XXV. Sec. 15). On the l")th of April, Sir John A. Macdonald laid on the table all the papers in the case, inclueoi)le, and trusts that it may be modilieil at tiie next session of the New Rrunswiek Legislature so as to remove the causes of disconteiil wliich exist ; that it is (iOVF.lJXAFi:XT OF KARL DrFFHRIX— FITJST SFSSIOX SKCOXD PA IJLIAMFNT, IST.!. oxpciliont that tlic opinion ol' the Law Olliifrs of the CroA\ n in iMii^hind should be obtained, and it' possible, also the opinion of Her Majesty's I'rivy C'onncil; therel'ove, in order to allow the parties to ai^ree upon a case, that His Excelleney bo recommended to disallow the Acts passed by the Legislature of New Brunswick at its last session amending the Act. He said that hi> had no inti-ntion ol' moving a vote ol' want ol' confidence, but ho thought that was the proper time to oiler his resolution. He reviewed the history ol" the New IJrunswick School Act, and claimed that the amendments passed at the last session of the Legislature were oven more oppressive than the assnients whi cause of his co-religionists. He thought that it would haA'e been better for New lirunswick if a School Act similar to that of Ontario and (Quebec had been adopted; and they would not have peace and quietness and a sound I'iducational system until ' they adopted the i)riiiciple of Sei)arat(> Schools. At the same time he was opposed to advisinu- the tiovernor-deiieral to disallow the Acts oi the Local Legislature. He entered into an able araument on the cttnstitutiomil question to show that if the House arrogated to itself the right to ordi'r the Governor-General to allow or disiiilow .Acts of the Local Legisla- tures on sulijects left entirely under their control by the Dri'isli North America Act, then the jirineiple of a Federal Utiion was destroyed and a Leuislative I'liion substituted in its place and we may as well at oiicc^ dispense with our costly I'rovinciiil Leu'i.slatures. for they became of no practical use if the Dominion I'arliament had the right to revise all the Acts pa.s.sed and allow or disallow such as it pleased. Besides, the House by passing this resolution was seeking to assuftie the prerogative of the Crown, and to exercise a power which was reserved to the representative of the sov(>reign alone. Hon. M i. Anglin, Messrs. jNlasson, Wright, Cauchoii. Mackenzie and others supported the resolution, the nuiin points of argument being that as the House at its last session had desired the Govern- ment to obtain the ojnnion of th(> l.,aw Ollieersof the Crown and also of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Coiuicil, and that only the opinion of the Law Officers and not of the Judicial Committee also had lu'eii obtained, it was inju- dicious in th(> Local Legislature to ameiul the Act pending that decision, and that it would be better for the Crovernor-General to disallow the amendments, as it would only have the eil'ect of su.spending the action of the law while the ojiinion of the Committee w;is oblniiied, I'or, if the Act was disallowed the l.,eL;is!alure could pass it again next session. .M'ter a very lenalhy debate Mr. Costiu'an's motion was iulopted by a vote of !I8 to <>:!. On the nineteenth, in answer to a question put by Hon. Mr. Ani>lin, Sir John A. Macdonald said the resolution adoi)ted with regard to the New lirunswiik School Bill had been duly laid before His Excellencv the Governor-General, who had comniaiided him (Sir .lohn) to state that he was asked bv one branch of the Parliament of Canada to exerci.se the Koyal prerogative by disallowiiin' certain .Acts of the New Brunswick Leiiislntiire. It was stated that these Acts weii' jiassed for the pur- ]>ose of legaliziim- certain as.sessnu>nts made under the Act of 1S71, and that the object was to give the parties complaining;' of the School Act the opi)ortiuiity of brinuinu' such Act beliire the ! .ludieiitl Committee of the I'riv y Ci uiicil. His l']xcellency iiad been alrendy iiistiiicied by Her Majesty's Governineiit of the opinion of the Law Oliieers of the Crown in lilnuland thai the Act in question was within the competence and jurisdiction of the New Bnuiswick Leuislatiire '. and that being the case he deemed it to be his duty (o apply to Her Ma|esty s Government lor I their instructions on the subj<'cl. Sir John ( I' 1 : Vwl > V L I u Pli ,, :■(, 'til! ;!-■. 'Ml Tl'TTLHS IIISTOI.'Y OK THE DOMINION OK CAXADA. addod that as the matter was one oi' i^reat iiri- poitiiuio to a large miiul)er ol' Her Majesty's subjects, it was the intention oi'the Govornment to ask tile House lor an appropriation to defray the expenses ol a test ease so as to net a doc ision i'roni the I'rivy Council. 7.— On the l-'Uh ol' May, Hon. Mr. Tilley gave notice (>r a .series ol' resolutions re-adjusting the ,(,.„,.„„„„.„,, .,.„„, d.'l.t ol' the Dominion, on the ''''"• basis ol' the Dominion assuming the whole debt of the Provinee of Canada at the tinu' ol'C'onl'ederatiou (>;T-!.0Ut;,()SS.84) instead of $tl2,")00,000 as provided in the 13ritish North America Act ; the other Provinces to be allowed a i>roportionate increase. On his movinu' the House into (.'omniittee. on the lOtli, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie asked what reason there was for assuminu' the debt of the Province in that way. Hon. Mr. Tilley replied that applications had been received i'rom Quebec, Nova Scotia and Manitoba, and indirectly from New Brunswick, for increased sul)sidies on the gi'ound that the l)rescnt allowance was not of the same value as in liStJT, and they could not pay their local i. — On the Itlth of May a messativ was received from His l-^xcellcncy i'orwardinii' the . , , „ i)ai)ers in connection with the ''•''"■'""•■'"'"'■ pro])osed admission of Prince I'ldwai-d Island; and, on the iOtli, Hon. Mr. Tillcv introduced a series of resolutions on which to base an address to Her Majesty, in conformity with the liriiish North America Act, prayiiiii for the union of the Island with the Dominion. The terms of the Union may I be brielly summarized as follows : The Island. j having a population of over 94,000, to be allowed , six representatives in the Commons ; debt to be , taken at $4.701,or)0 and interest at 5 per cent , ! either charged or allowed as it exceeds or falls [ below that amount ; the Dominion to allow $4.5,000 per annum, loss ■'> ' on any amount not exceedinii' $S00.00O advanced by the Dominion for the ]>urpose of purchasiny' lands from the proprietors of the old grants ; subsidy to bo $30,000 per annum, aiul eiuhty cents per head of population ; steam service between the Island and the Mainland to be maintained by the Dominion; Dominion to assume the Island Railway and also the Law Court building on payment of .$t)!),000. In moving the resolutions, Hon. Mr. Tilley stated that the (Government had been trying ever since Confederation to effect an union with this beautiful and fertile island, which hrvd at last been accomplished and Confederation compli'ted. He explained that the total exi^ense of the Island to the Dominion would be about §480,000 per annum, and the reci'ipts, based on those (d' the last year, about s44I,0(lO. The address was adoi)ted, and a l)ill providing for the admission of the Island introduced and passed. it.— On the 17th of May, Sir John A. Macdouald introduced a .series of resolutions with reference to the repeal of ,, t 1 i.- J • 1 Siil.-i.lv t'T ri'i.i'iil (if the export duties on tunoer .■x|...ri.iiiiv.,iiiiini.iT 1 ■ XT Ti • 1 '" -^''^ liriiii^tt'ifk. charged ni New Isrunswick. In support of his r(>solutions. Sir John A. Macdonald said that New Ihunswick had an luidoubtod riuht to impose this tax. but it was very inconvenient that she should, and as the Washington Treaty rendered it necessary that the lax should be repealed in order to secure to Canada very substantial advantages, he thouiiht it would 1)0 a good baru'iin for the Dominion to buy the riaht and at)oli.sh the tax. This would settle all the (piestions under the Washinii'ton Treaty except that of what money compensation wo should receive for the dill'er- once in value of our l-'isheries and those of the United States. Hon. Mr. Tilley said that this (iOVKRNMENT OF TJIK KAJU. OF DUFKHllIN— TlIK rAClFIC SCANDAL! .MiM'i'lliiiic'iiiis Ac-!.". tax had been levied by New Ihuiiswick on all timber lloated down the St. John Itiver lor ahont thirty years, and had proved a tax on Canada as well as the United States. He gave •statistics of the revenue derived from this source lor many years. ^Ir. Findlay objeeted to the Dominion pledging itsell' to pay $150,000 a year forever when in a tew years all the timber from which this tax is derived would l)e cut down Hon. Mr. Holton rontended that the sum named was twiee as much as New Brunswick derived from the tax at present, and that it was only giving her '• Better Terms " in an underhand manner. After some further discussion, in which Messrs. Tilley, Hincks. Mackenzie. Wood, Tupper, Merritt, Currier and Mills participated, the resolutions were adopted ; and a Bill bpsed on them was sub- sequently introduced end jnissed. 10. — Amongst the other Acts passed was one creating the P; [lartment of the Interior, and al)olishing the Department of Secretary of State for the Pro- vinces; one for regulating lands in Manitoba; for the Inspection of Steamboats ; on the carriage of dangerous goods; with reference to Harlior Masters in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ; Port Wardens of Montn-al and Queliec ; Trinity House, (Quebec ; trial of Controverted Elections ; Superannuation ; Ocean Mail Service; Natu- ralization of aliens ; Free Grants in Manitoba; Continuing- the Insolvent Act until next Session ; Bank lieturns; Patents; Militia; Weiiihts and Measures; Gas Inspection; Pilotage; Wrecks and Salvaii-e ; Carryinu' Deck Loads ; Trinity House, Montreal, «S:c., iS:e. An Act was passed giving the Goveruor-in-Couiuil power to issue bonds for $1,500,01)0 at 5 i)er cent, for forty years, to deepen the channel between Montreal aiul (Quebec to twenty-two feet, and widen it to three hundred feet. Amongst the Local and Private Acts were one Incorporating tlie Dominion Board of Trade; one regnlating the rate of interest in Nova Scotia; Incorporating the Stadacona Bank, Quebec, capital $1,000,000; Imperial Bank, Toronto, capital $1,000,000; Victoria Hank of Canada, Montreal, capital $1,000,000; Pictou Bank, capital $500,000; T.ank of St. Hyacinthe, capital $500,000; Central Bank of Canada. Montreal, capital $l,n\ of May to the 13th of August, and was then prorogued. CHAPTER XXXV. (lOVKHN.MKXT (>F TilF K.\I{L OF DI'FFKIM.X. TIIK I'AOiFlC sew DAL. l.Tui-:P.\CIFI('S('AM)AI-.— 2.Cll.\I!TKl! (Ul.VM'i:!) TO THI-: Canadi.vn Pacific Ivaiiavav Com- i I'A.XY. — :>. CoNDiTio.N's oi-' Till-: Chaktek. — i 4. IvpntARIvS ON THIC CllAlMEE. — 5. II(i\. MlJ. ! HrXTI.NGTON's ClIAROK oI'' :ll|.l;ll. we sincerely trust it may never l)e the painful duty of a future historian to recall — thi- down-fall of a [)owerful antl popular Ministry belore a i liarge of gross corruption. In approaching' tliis siibjeit we Hiul it extremely dilfieult to avoid writinu' in what may be considered a party si>irii — for the question assumed so much the toi-m of a purely party mie, tliat tlu' Lirossness aiul immorality ol the otl'cnsc charued to have been coimnitted was to a great extent lost sight of; and the '(Ui'stioii became imt so much whether the Ministry was morally liuilty or not, but whether the Opposition would be able to inore them guilty — ; but we shall endeavour ■ iM lif"! ; 1 ■' 1 ^ :!7(i Tl'TTMlS JIISTOI.'Y (>F TIIK DoMIXIOX OK CANADA. to rtihaly and dispassionately rolatc tho cir- and slioiild rocoivi- the i)osition, and Senator tinnstancH's in iho chronoloiiical seiiucnce in Avliiili thi'v (itiuncd. reserving- any opinion until the t-onrjnsion ol'lhc ailiiir, and, nieanlinu', l)eini>' lari'lul that we • nothing extennatc, nor set down aniiht in malice." The mere fact of its havinn' lieeii po.ssil)le that so urave a charge a.s that contained in what is popularly known as •• rhe racilic Scandal " eould be made against a ("anadian Ministry is a sad blot on onr political escutcheon, and far ])e it from ixs to endeavour to siako the dark '^pot any ()lacker, or its hideousness any greater than the bare fads themselves .show it to be. '2. — In a i)revious Chapter we have Iraeed the formation of the two rival Companies for 1)uildiiig the Pacilic Railway — ih.C:.Mw.iiiiii I'nriiic tiie Canada i acilic Kailwivy liail\v:iy ('iiiii|>aii.v. i i i v • C ompany and the inter-Oceanie li'ailway Company — and also the passage of an Act givinii' the Ciovernor-in-Coun'.il authority to contract with either of these Companies, or with both amalgamated, or to iiiant a charter to a new Company on the basis of a money subsidy of $;J0,U()(),()0O and a land i>rant of .")0,.-h MN'ii. liii'ii, (JiHiliiH': . Ciiiiilii'i'l I, hUi', I'. I). : Hli|>(■^^ .Mull. ; ..liii UmIIum', )V lie (iOVKIJNMHXT OK Till': KARL OF Dl'I'FHJnN— TIIK PACIFIC SCA.ND.M. 50,000,000 acres, to lie <>ranted in blocks twenty miles deep, by not less than six, nor more than twelve miles in width, alternating- with blo moiu'y subsidy was to be $:'.0,000.0()0 from wh-'h was to be deducted whatever expense the Govern- ment had been to for surveys. The papers relatinu- to the granting of the Charter were submitted to the House, on the i:Uh of March, 187;5, by message from the Governor-General. 4. — It would be dilhiult to lind anything more satisfactory than the Charter appeared to be. The rivalries of Ontario and Quel)ec seemed to be ami- cably settled by an e(juital)le distribution of stock; the J5oard of rrovisional JJirector.s — the gentlemen to whom the Charter was granted — were all men of staiidinu' and position in their respective Provinces; and the fear that control of the road might be obtained by American Capitalists interested in the Northern Pacilic llailwa ; was g-uarded against l)y making the stock non-franslerable for six years, without the consent of tiie (Iovernment and the Directors. Stnni' exception was taken to the laiul clauses which seenii'd to give I lie Company •' the pick " of the best seclions; and to the provision that the Government should not sell for tw^enly years for less than two dollars and a half an acr(>, by those who were in favor of making free grants of lands to immigrants; but it must be remembered that the Governmeni never propo.sed to oiler these lands in immediate proximity to the railway to settlers gratis, 45 al Hl'lll: ks nil llio I'liiiri ways holding that the .sale of the.>>e lands would eventually recoup the country lor the large money subsidy it was irivinij-; and as to ;he " pick," it is hard to see how the Company could gain very much by thai as it could only take alternate s.'ctiank, of which he was President, stooil second to none amongst our liuaiicial instil utioiis for soundness and u'ood management ; the Montreal Telegraph Company, of which he w a> I'roidcnt, was j)aying laruer dividends than any siii:ilar Com)iny on the continent ; all the otiier Com- panies with which he was eoiineclcd wcie prosperous, in fact he .seemed tlie eiubodimeiit of Canadian suicess, the word • failure '" had never been a.ssociated with his name. and il was lelt that if it was possible for any Coinpaiiv to inspire Canadian and English capitalists with sullieient conlidence to furnisli the largi' sums of money necessary to build the Cana in Parlianu'iit on the "Jnd of April. 1873, that the Government had i orruptly .sold the Charier to Sir Huuh Allan and his IViiMids in consideration of large sums of money w liich were si)ent during the geneial election in I! it *1 II M |i I mi TUTTLH'S IIISTOIJY OK TllK KoMINIOX OK CANADA. assisliiiii' .sui)portor.s of the Govcnunciit to l)iiy their Wiiy into Farliamont. AVc cannot do bettor than fopy the motion as niado I'rom tlu' Votos and I'vocoodinn's of that date : Hon. Mr. UtmtinLiton moved, "That Mr. lluntington, a member of this House, having stated in his phice, that he is credildy informed and believes ' that he can establish l)y satisfactory evidence : — '• That in anticipation of the ieyislation of last session, as to the Pacilic llaihvay, an aii'reement was made between Sir Hugh Allan, aelini;- for him.self, and certain other Canadian promoters, and Ct. AV. McMuUen, acting for certain I'nited States cajiitalists, whereby the latter an'reed to fn.ni.sh all the funds necessary for tlie construction of the contemplated Ivailway, and to give the former a certain percentage of interest, in consideration of their interest and positicm, the scheme agreed on being ostensii)ly that of a Canadian Company with Sir Huiih Allan at its head ; | " That tlu^ Government were aware that nego- tiations were pending between these i)arties ; •' That subsequently, an understanding was come to between the Government aiul Sir Hugh Allan and :Mr. Abbott, M.P., that Sir Hugh Allan and his friends should advance a large sum of money for the purpose of aiding the elections of Ministers and their supporters at the ensuing general election, and that he and his IVieuds should receive the contract for tiie construction of the Railway; 'That accordingly. Sir Hugh Allan did advance a laru'c sum of money for the juirpost- mentioned, and at the solicitation, and under the pressing instances of Mini.'^ters; " That part of the monies, expended by Sir Hugh Allan in connection with the obtaininij- ol the act of incori)oration and charter, were paid to him by the said United States capitalists i under the aiiieement with him: it > " ( )r to the top of political life and tiiat the only chaiU'C a jn'o- minent politician had of being reiiarded as an honest and upright man was for him to die, , when it wovild generally be discovered that he , had possessed virtui's of which he had never , during his lifetime been suspected ; but even j death would not always shield him from abuse, j and occasionally some politiial ghouls would be , found to pursue a man even alter he had departed this life, and to blacken the reputation \ he had left hehind him. Charges of bribery and corruptit)n were so freely and indiscriminately i i- ^^~:-...=L} COVKIJXMHNT OF TlfM EAFJT. OV Dri'FKRIX— TJIK PACIFIC SCANDAL. 37!> made that the rry had lost its potency; no election took place without the organs of each party charuinii' the other wilh - the most open and harelaced corruption," and the puldic ear and the publi<' eye had become so accustomed to hearing- and seeina- these char^'cs niade without any ibundatiou in trutii that they tell unheeded and disreg'ardcd. Il was the old story of the boy and the woli, tlie I'alse alarm had been raised so ol'lcn that wIkmi there really was danf^er no one paid much attention to the cry raised. Another point whii h tended to lessen the force of the blow was that it was made by Mr. Huntinu'ton, an Independent member of Annexation proclivities, who although almost always votinn' with the Opposition was not regarded as l>einu a member of the IJeform party. It was urged, aiul with some tU'uree of justness, that if the Opposition was in a i>o.sition to prove this gross charge it would have Ijeen preferred by the Leader of the party and not by one who could scarcely even he regarded as being amongst the rank and lile : and that the party was not in a position to adduce any evidence to sustain the charge made. Indeed it appears very probable that at this time ^Ir. Huntington was not really in possession of the letters and teleu'rai ■"hich afterwards played so conspicious a part in the controversy, but that he had what he considered a sullicient basis in more or less well authenticated rumors, and hoped with the aid of what is jjopularly known as a •' Fishing Committee ' to ))e able to dis- cover sullicient evidence to prove his assertion. 7. — Be that as it may, the motion fell very flat ; it was simply regarded as a direct vote of want of conlldence in the Mui'ili'iiiHMiii"vijr.ir Ministry, and as such imme- II Cl)|lliniltl'l'. T,1 1, 1. TTl diately voted down. ISut feir John A. Macdonald knew full well that no Ministry could long retain the conlidence of the House and the counrry with such a oharsv hanging over it ; and although he was promjit to vote down Mr, Hnntingtoii's motion as of want of conhdence. he saw that a Committee must be ai)pointed, and, accordinuly, on tin* meeting of the House on the following day, the Srd of ! April, he said " Mr Speaker, I beg to give notice that I will on Tuesday next ask that tiie House shall appoint a Special Committee of live to be .selected by the House, for the piirpose of considering the subjects mentioned in the motion of the lion, member lor Shelford yesterday. The Committee shall lie drawn by the Hou.se, aiul, if need be, shall have special power given them to sit in recess, an did not think lliat the House had power to authorize the Committee to sit after prorogation, but that dilhculty could be got over by i.ssuing a Royal Commission, and he would take care that the Commission was ordered to report to the House. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie disclaimed any intention on the part of the Opposition to vote a want of conlidence in supporting;' the motion of the lion. member for Shelford. He doubted whether it was consistent with Parliamentary practice for the Committee to sit after proroiia'ion, and suggested that the Premier should introdiice a short bill giving that power, and also the power to this and other special Committees to take evidence on oath. Sir John A. Macdonald thought it wovxld be better to leave it to the Committee to suuiiest the best mode of dealinii' with the subject. He believed that the evidence should be taken on oath, b;it doubted whether the House had the power to authorizt; the Committee to do .so, and auain suanested a Royal Commission. Hon. Mr. Dorioii thought it would be best to pa.ss a short bill iiiviim all S|>ecial Committees (lower to take evidence on oath ; a course which was also approved of by Hon. Mr. Blake. Hon. Mr. Holton thouyht » \ f. m ,M ill y liiif^' i t ill 1 1 r: 1,1 :{so TI'TTI.KS IIISTOIIY 01' Till': hOMINroN OF ("AXADA. Tii.' iijiii^ r.iii. tliiil n Court (>r liu|niry ronld not bo a Koyal ('i)iiimissi()ii and ii Piivliaiin'iitarv Coiiimitti-o at llic same liiiK'; lie tli(nmht tlial the former would Mipcrci'dc I lie lattiT, and Uie House lose all cniitrol o\-er llie Connnittee. Sir John anain renewed his oiler that il' a Conimission was ' isNued the return should l)e ordered to he made to the House; ami the memhers were called in and the Committee appointed hy the House. The memhers of tho Conunittee were Hon. Messrs. lilanihet. lUaUe, ])orion. MeDonald (IMetou,) Cameron (Canhvell.)* 8.— On the ITth of April, the Hov .1. H. Cameron, CI, irman of the Committee, pi .-;. nt jd tin lirst report, recomend ■ 'it a Hill he introdueed emjiow .ig the Committee to examine witnesses upon oi la. On the ISth, Hon. Mr. Cameron introdueed a 15ill providin'j,- for the examination upon oath of witnesses before Committees of the Senate aiul House of Commons. t It will he as well torenuirk here that no Committee of the House, except the Committee on I'rivate Ihlls, had at thir time power to examine witnesses under oath, an I it was an open question whether the Hoi.se had authority to L!rant that power. The reason of this doubt was that at the tinu- of the passageof the British North America Act, iStlT, Committees of the Imperial House of Coiranon>. did not possess the power to examine witnesses under oath, although Committees of the House of Lords did. The Act L>ivinu- this power was not pas.sed irntil isTI. Now the eighteenth section of the Ibitish North America Act provides that, "The rrivile^es. Immunities, and Towers to be hi-ld, enjoyed and exercised l)y the Sen.ate and by the House t>f Commons, and by the Members thereof respectively, sliall be such as are from time to time deliued by the .-Vi t of rarliament of Canada, but so that the same shall never exceed tho.se at the passing of this Act, held, enjoyed, and exer- •Iti strikiiiff C'omiiiitteo> l-v tin- ItmiM' cacii member is ontitli'il to util.v Mtu- V'ttf: there wi-re 17*' iirmiiImt-* iirc-ieiit iiiitl ttievnte stooil Hun. .1. *?. IJliiu.'hot. .17: II.Mi, hMwiinl Uliikc. :iii : II. .n, .\. A, I)ori..ii. .f. : l[,m. .Iniiie? ,Mi'l)'iniilcl,Hl : lluti, .1, M. CiimenHi. •*.'), .Mey.«r''. Ithike mul llorion were U'luliiii- uieinKerK of tlie O|,|iositi.iri. mi'l the other iii' mher.« ol the Committee were supporter" of Ihetioverittnent. t This Aet. cMimiiioiily known ii.s the "ii:itli.s Mill." w:i: 'lisilloweil In- Her Ma.icst,v l>isiillowaiR'e iiroehiiiiu'il on the 1st of .lul.v. l'*7.'l. cised l)y the Ctmiinoiis Ilou.se ol' Parliament of the United Kiniidom of Crreat liritain and Ireland, and by the nu'mbers thereof," and it was [ argued that the Hous(> of Commons of the Dominion could not in 187:! exercise a power which the Imperial House of Commons did not exercise in 18t)7. This view was held by Sir .lohn A. Macdonald ami other eminent jurists, : and the correctness of the view was al'terwards I proved l»y the disallowance of the Act on the advice of the Law Oliicers of the Crown. The question as to the power of the House to pass 1 the Act was discussed at the lirst readinuon the I 18th. and auain on the .second reading on the •^Ist, the majority of the lawyers who spoke, I. Iding that it was beyond the j>ower of the 1 H<';'^ while Hon, Mr. Dorion and others held that tiie power was inherent in the Hou.se and j could be exercised at will. It was further urged I that an Act had been iiassed duriu<>' the session I ; of 1868, authorizinu' the Clerk of the Senate to swear any person being examined at the bar of ! that House, and the Chairman or any member ol any ('(mimittee of either House, to swear any witness respecting a Private P>ill referred to it; 1 which Act had received the Royal assent, and the House was still acting uiuler it on Private Bills. In rei)ly to this it was nrged that the Act of 1808 h;ul probably escaped th(> attention of the Law Oihcers of the Crown ; and Sir John A. Macdonald renewed his oiler of a Roytil Commis.sion. which was not accepted. The Oaths Bill passed its thii\i readinii' in the House on the 21st, in the Senate on the 20th, and, on the 3rd of May, Ilis Excellency came down to the Senate Chamber and gave his assent to it. togethi'r with some other l)ills. •I, — The Bill beinii- now, i'or all practical purpo.ses, law, the Committee was expected to proceed at once ; but, to the .,.,„. ,.„„„„i„„, surprise of some members, the !,'!i",l',Vn',m'ent to 'Jnii Chairman, Hon. Mr. Cameron, "'•'"'* on the 5th of May, presented another report coverimi' a series of resolutions adopted hy the Committee to the eil'ect that owinu' to the aK^ence of Sir George E. Cartier and the Hon. , J. J. C. Abbott in Eimland — both material i " M. ;,i I'liilllK'Ut 1)1' ritnin mikI iiiid it wiis •lis of the ;o a powor ms did not eld l)y Sir lUt jurists, iiltcrwiirds \.'t on tlic nvn. Thi> so to jiass [iniion the iny- on tlic ho si)ok(', m'Y of the ith(>rs hold House and thcr urged lie si'ssioii Senate to the l)ar of y inombcr swear any rred to it ; nt, and the vale r.ills. he Act of ention of Sir John a Roval d. The he House 1, and, on ' down to sent to it, It: practical ;pe. ted to iniliiitfoo iniciit iD'Jml ler report d In- the ;• to the lii(> Hon. material (iOVRRNMKNT OF TriK KARt- OP DHPFKRIN— TflK PAOrFK* SCAVl>AI„ :;hi witnesses to the investiii'ation — the Committee should adjourn until the 2n(l of July, if Parlia- ment should then he in session; that the proteedinys of the Committee should he secret; that the Committee should he empowered to sit at such jilaco or places as may be found expedient ; and that the Committee report the resohations and ask the consent of the Hh(Mi l>\- linn. .\Ir. lliitinptun with » \\r witnesses tilt* llr.-*! cil' wiinrn wii.-jSir Frnm-i?; llinks juul Hun. .Mr. I'nrinn iniivpcl in iinu-n 382 T(TTM:s JIISTOliY ol' Tlir, dominion of CANADA. I u Ailiniirniin'nt I' liiii ..r AiPL'ii-l. Doiioii that il was nocessary that the House should sit on the day to which . tin- Couiniitti'e was adjounifd. ha\iiiL:' l)i't'ii v:)It'd down l)y Hi) lor to l(i1 aiiaiiisi. 11. — Thf (lUi'siioii of the Committee cuu- tiuuiini- its iiii'ctiii^s al'tiT the date to which it hat.', adjouvncd — the '2nd oi' July — })eiiiL;' settled, the only other [Miint to be d-'ii'rmiiicd was the adjournment oi' the House. It is well known that ("omuiittees ol' Parliament expire with prorouatiou, aiul. therel'ore. to enal>le the Committee to hold its meetinurs on and alter the :.'nd oi' July, it was neces.sary to adjourn the House to some date l)eyon(l that day, by whieh time the Committet should have completed its lalnirs and be in a p)sition to report to the House. On the 21st ol' May. Sir John .\. Macdonald moved. "That when the House adjourns on Friday next, it do stand adjourned until Wediu'.sday, the i;3th day ol' Auu:ust next," which was carried witliout discussion or division. On the 2-5rd, His Excellency canu> down to the Senate Chamber aiul ti'ave his assent to ail the bills passed duriiiu' the .session, including- the Sui)ply Bill. On retuiuinu- to the Commons Chamber, in answer to Hon. Mr. Mackenzie. Sir John A. Macdonald said that the meeting- on the l;ith ol' .-Vuiiust would be merely pro forma to receive the report ol' the Comniiltee, which lould then be jirinted ami distrilmted during- recess, and that he did not think it was lu'cessary I'or more than the Speakers ol' the two Houses to be jiresent I'or I'ormal prorogation, as no business would l)e transacted. Hon. Mr. Holtou thought that it would be necessary that at least a quorum ol' the House should be present. Sir John A. ^lacdonald said that there lu'cd be no occasion I'or members Irom a distance to attend, as. if it was necessary that a quorum should be present, it wo\ild l»e a very easy matter to get that numbi-r from anuma-st the members residing in ( )ttawa or its vi' inity, s(> that those who lived at a distance might imt be i)ut to inconvenience. He reiterated the statement that the meeting would be simply /iro forma, and said that he would take care that it was pro Jormn and U(tthing else. Tin- House then adjourned. H is well to note that there was nothing said by either side at this time aboiU any business being- transacted on the 13ih of Auuust, other than receiving the re|)ort and immediate prorogation; indi'cd the anxiety seemed to be to have it deaily understood that no other business should l)e transacted on that day. In view of the great dissatisfaction afterwards expressed by thi' Oppositirm because rarliameiit ira>( i)rorogued on the lOth of Autrust, and tln' abuse which was heai)ed on Lord Dutl'eriu bet ause he carried out on that day the i)roiiramme which the House had laid out for him on the 21st of Mav, it is well to rellect on the unanimous opinion of the House, at the time it was decided to adjoixrn to the 13th of August, that no busiiu'ss was to be transacted on that day. other than that previously a'jreed on. And this fact of the adjournment to the loth of August being ({uietly agi-eed to by the Opposition, strengthens the impression that up to the time of the adjourn- ment of Parliament neither Mr. lluntington nor any of his i)arly weie in possession of any positive evideiic e in support of his charges, but were merely trusting to the Committee being- able to procure that evidence : for had he then been possessed of all the documents which were afterwards published, there can be no doul)t but that the Opposition w()W.\N>t' the .Hetr^sinli. i)i' THK Oaths 1?ili..— :}. run(KKniNK SlI! Iludii Allan's i.ettkhs. — '». Kkkeot ok tiik PUHLICATION.— 0. SiH lIl'OH AI-I.AN'S AKKI- DAViT. Its efkkct. 1. — It must 1)0 viMiitMnliftied thiit up to this time — :i:!rcl dl' M:iy, 1ST;! — iiotliiiii!' Iiad hcon adduci'd In show that •• an uiidt'i'standiiiii' was romi' '<> hotwt'i'u ihc Crovi'iumt'iit and Sir Huyh Allan and Mr. Ahl.utt. MP., that Sir Hugh Allan and his i'liends should advance a larii'c sum ol' moiii'v lor tin' puiposc of aidinii' tho Eh'rtioiis of Ministers aiul their sui)porters at the ensuinj'- General l^lections, and that ho and his Irionds should reeei\(' the eontrant lor the construetion ol' the Waihvay," I'xcept the statement of the Hon. Mr. Huntinuton, on the 2nd of .April, that ho was '• credibly informed " and helievcd that he could .substantiate such chariifo. The ("ommittee appointed had done nothing; eacii side blamed the other for delay, and l)0th tleelared thenistdves ready for investi- ij'ation, yet ea(.'h wanted a little more than the other was inclined to give. Sir John wanted, and tried hard to persuade the Opposition to accept, a Royal ( 'nnmiission, which co\ild examine witnesses under oath ; the Opposition insisted on haviiui a Committee under the control of Parliament aiul uracd the passing of a Bill authorizing the taking of evidence on oath, whii h was dont'. Still Mr. Huntington did not appear in a hurry to bring matters to proof, and when the Committee was ready for him to formulate his charue he sent a letter — which, by-the-way, was not addressed to anyone in [tarticular — through Hon. Mr. Horion, stating that ho was " unexpectedly obliged to leave town for a few days, " and forwarding a list of witne.sse.s ho desired to have summoned, the publicatioji of whicli tended to prejtidice public opinion ;i little auainst the Ministry, for it contained the names ol live Ministers as important witiu's.scs: but, the general pul)lic regarded Mr. Hixntiniiton's motion as mere party warfare, and the House still reposed its i eonlidenee in the Ministry and supported it by ' majorities of from thirty to forty. 2.— The Oaths Hill was a.ssented to on the :{rd I of May, and on the same day Lord Dull'i-rin forwarded a cortilied copy of the |,;.„iim«,mi,,.. i ii,e B'll to the Colonial Secretary, """i'-'""- 'i'his action on his part was very freely criticised by the ( (pposition press afler th.' disallowance of the Bill, ami he was charned with aidinu' his Ministers in delayin"- or defeatinii' investigation into thi serious charu'i's nnido against them : but it must bo rememborod that the opinion had been freely expressed in Parliament iiy ^'ir John A. Maediinald — who was the beeal adviser of tiie (ioverner Cleiieral — that the Hill was ////>7< vires, and althouiih His Excellency had reason to think that his best course was to take the advice ol his Ministers and sign the Bill, ho had the undoubted rii^ht to consult other authorities if he iiad — as hi' did have — any doubt as to the strict legality of the Act.* On the twenty-ninth of May a despatch was received from the Karl of Kimberley acknow- ledu'inii' the receipt of His Excellency's despatch of liio third of May enciosinu' a cortilied copy of the Oaths Bill, and informing him that the Law Ollicers of the Crown had jn'onouncod it III/ III fires. On Friday, the twenty-seventh of June, His Exeelleucy, who was at (Quebec at the lime, received a teleu'ram from the Earl of Kimberley which read • Oaths Hill disallowed " ; ! and on Tuesday the iirst of July an Extra of the CfutiiiLi (iiizelle was issued containing a Pro- clamation announciii'^' its disallowance. • T.iipl IiiilVi-rin ill lii.« vciy iiMo iiml tip ..I .li'S|.iili'li "f llu' full <>( .\iiKiist, in Hliii'li 111- riiviowcil (In' hI'mIi' hiisi' nf tlif SiMiiiliit up In iiml iiR'liiitiiii; till' |irnrnirjititiii mi the l-'-Ili, ^Jiiy.-* pniiit : — " tiitn (ho iii"tiM'> wliicli iii.'is-imr. th.it !iiiii)iiii^t nlhi-'r io.-|iii-is in whii'li iin ciiiiliK'! Ini- l^'i'ii i-ritiiiM''!, ilir liii't ..f my li:i\ iim fiinmuiiii'iiti'd tti y.u li>' the tirsi iiiniurf nity a Cfitilifl i',.|iy of the ii.itb> IJil!. Im.'' Iiei'ii ii very ifi.'iier:il jHiint nl iittiick. 1 iipiirclii'ii'l it I will nut ill' m.'('i"siiry tci.iiKiily my.^ciri" ymir l,iiril-hi|> in Ihi.-^ liiirliiuliii'. .My l;iw-inl\ i^iT hml .'iiilnl myatti-ntiun to tlir poynliilit.N ipl'the liill Lciin.' illc'tMl. Ihnl |ii'r.iiirt''l ti'uliinony lii'i'ii ti'ii'li'ivl iiihler if imu'ci'iliin:.- I'oiiM li;i\i' hci'n liiki'll .iif;lin.-l tllf 'li'lill<|lK'lll.;liHl if. ilntlcr tlli'M- I'iri'llin- I ."tiiin-i's. I liml wiiriilly vvitlihfl'l I loin the llonu' I o.vor ■■ni nil coL'iiizain'c of till' .\.-t. it noiihl hiive ln'Cii ii i,'rii.-- lU'ieliitioii ol iliiiv. To tho.-i' in thi- coiinlry who hiiM' ■lUc.-li I in.'' pr iiiri' it wouhl he -iidh-ii'iil to reply, tliiit I icroBiii/i' MO Miithorily on thi- -i'lc ol tin' .Mhintic poinpi'iont toinstrui't llic lioii'inor-iii'iH'iiii a; to till' iiaturi' o| hi." i'oiTi>|ion.leiii'i' witli lli'i- .Mllje^'ly'.•' Sui retary ol Slate. " iiu Im- 1 »t m mm'' \a- :js4 TITTI-K'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANAnA. :!.— On tl»t' -Jiid of July tlif S.'K-.t Comiuitti'o mot. purNuaiit to adjournment, in Montnnil, i'rn..,.,.,ii„„,„r .1,0 ''" ^'»'' >'i''"i'"'i'- •>'^i"M- pv.'soul. ''""""'"'■'• 'I'll.' ConunilliM'm. 'tin tlic Ai)iH'iil Court Room, and lli<' Cliairiiian. Hon. .1. II. Cameron, announrod that he had roceivt-d a • omniunicalion I'lom the Mini.stcr of .lustitc inl'orminn' hiiu ol' the disiiUowiuif." ol' tiic Oaths Hill; therel'ore, the Committee wniild not have power to swear wilne.sse.s. Hon. A. A Dorion at once moved that Sir l''ran« is llincks. the hrst witness on llie list, he called. Hon. Mr. McDonald ll'ictou), moved an am -ndment to j the ell'ect that inasnuu h as the House had i instructed the Committee to take evidence on Chith, aiul the Bill authorizinir them to do .so ' had Iteen disallowed, that the Committee could not proceed \vitho\it i'urther i istructions irom the House, A (lehate ensued on this in which Hon. Messrs. Blake iS: Dorion hold that when the Conuniltee was appointed it wiis as an ordi- nary rarliamcntary Committee ; that nothing was said then about evidence being taken on oath, that heinii'an after instruction ; and that the Bill auihorizinu oaths to hi' administered having been disallowed, the Committee reverted to the ])osition it occupied l)ef(»re that passed, and was, therefore, (juite competent to continue the inves- tigation withoiit sworn evidence, ami they urged that the examination of witnesses should be proceeded with. Hon. ^Ir. Cameron, said that j not only the Hou.se hut the whole country j expected that the evidence should he taken oii i oath and no other testimony would be salisi'ac- ^ tory. He thought there was one way in which the dilliculty could be overcome, and that was by getting the (rovernraent to ask Mie Home authorities to pass an .A.ct in Imperial Parliament, which was in session, giving the Dominion Hoitse the power it lacked when the Oaths Bill was passed; and suggested an adjournment for twenty-four hours that he might consult the I'remier. Hon. Mr. Dorion objected to the Government suugestina- a cliange of the consti- tution of the country without consulting Parlia- ment. It might not be very important in a small matter like this, but if the principle was admitted it might be used in very important matters. Hon. Mr. Cameron said what was wanted was that the Imperial Parliament shcnild legalize an illegal Act which the Dominion Parliament had passed, believing it had the power to do so. The Committee then adjourned till Thur.sday, the :!rd. aiul on reassembling Hon. Mr. Cameron read a letter from Sir John A. Macdonald stating that in the al)sence of the (iovernor-General. he coidd not say whether the Government would ask the Imperial authorities for the leuislatioii suggested by the Chairman of the Committee; but, if the Cominitttee desired it, he would sid>mit the question to the Privy Council. The motion of Hon. Mr. McDonald, that the Com- mittee could not jn'oceed without further instruction from the House was then carried, Hon. Messrs. Blake and Dorion voting against it, and Hon. Me.ssrs. BlaiKhet, McDonald and Cameron for it. On motion of Hon. Mr. Blanchet the Committee then adjourned to the l.'Jth of August to meet at Ottawa. After the adjourn- ment Hon. Mr. Cameron reail a letter addressed to him as Chairman of the Committ(>e by Sir John A. Macdonald, ollering to issue a Royal Commission to the members of the Committee so that they could continue their labors; the Commission being instructed to report to the House. Thi.'^! oiler was declined by Hon. Messrs Blake and Dorion, and the Committee adjourned. 4. — On the morning of the 4th of July the people of Montreal and Toronto were astonished by the publication in the Herald i.„i,ii,.„,i.„i,.isii and Globe of a number of tele- ""^-i' ■MI""''' '""<■'- grams and letters from Sir Hugh Allan to Mr. G. W. McMullen, Mr. C. M. Smith, and another gentleman whose name was not given, which were claimed to be the letters which were impounded in the hands of the Hon. Henry Starnes and on which the Hon. Mr. Huntington had based his charge that the Government had .sold the Charter to Sir Hugh Allan and a numl)er of American capitalists in consideration of a largi! sura of money to be used in aiding the t'lections of Ministers and their friends. This correspondence consisted of three telegrams and seventeen letters, covering a space of time (lOVKIJN'.MKNT oF IlIK KAUI- OF DIFFHUIX TIIK I'ACIFIC SCAXhAL. irom till- Hth of (tctohor, ISTI, in llif lUHi Si'i)li'iiil)«'V, IsTJ. ami disdosi'd u partial \ icw of llif sti'|>s wliicli Sir llut>li Alliiu liiid lakfii to loriii a c()ia|>aiiy "I' AiinTiran capitalistK to build the racilic Ifailwiiy, and lli>' oUinls hf had iiiiidf to induce the C'rovfinmcnt to uivf him tho contract. Tlicsc letters were evidently written in the eouKdential strain of one party ill an enterpri.stj addressini:- anollu'r party LMjUally interested, and yave partieulars as to the persons whom it was thought necessary to ii'aiu over to support the scheme, and the moans to 1)(> used to secure that support. In one letter, addressed to Mr. ('. M. Smith, (Miicauo, and dated 2Sth February, \X~-2, Sir lluuh speaks of havinu- to distribute *S.'.0,(inO worth of stock, aiul expend about s;10(»,0<^'^ in money to secure the Charter,* but not a member of the (Joveru- ment was mentioned, nor was there even priiiKi facie evidence that any of the money was to be used either directly or indirectly for the beneiit of Ministers. In another letter, dated IGth Septeml)er, Is72, and addres.sed to (!. W. McMullen Chicago, he says, "I have disl)urse(l .■So4-i,H(iO in iiold, wliich I waul to get repaid. J have siill to pay sl.'},.'>On, which will close cverythin'4' oil." In a long letter addressed to a gentleman in New York, whose luime was not -iiven at this time,t dated 1st Julv. he reviews his whole course of action " .Miiiiirciil, IVIiiu:iiy -"*. \->72. • " I>K\i; Stu,— It sci-ms iivi'tty crrtjiiii. tluit iii mliliti'iri tn iiitiin-y pjiy- iiicntH. ttif lutlowiii^ ..'tnck nill huve in Im> i|i>lriliiiti'. \,. .M:u>|'liL'r.'.'CS,.sIiili,(i(Ki: .I..I. C. Vliholl, .Oi.iil)": l>. .Mi-Iinie.<. JVi.iKHJ: .Ii)hi) Slii'ildin, sMi.iHKI: ,\. .Minn. *'JI,iN»i: ('. S. (izi.w.-ki, s.'iii.'Hin; (in.rirf llroHh..s".".iliii: A. S. Ilin.-ks.s.'iii,!"!" : n. .\:iIIimii. .S'H.i""! : 'I'. .M.-lirui'vy. Ti.')ll,(««l; iiiliil. .i;s-'i".i««i. 'I'" iiii'i.| Ihi- I |ir"|insn Ihiii we five up "f niir (itiH'k a.-' |..llo». ; C. .M. Smiili. sJ.Mi.(ii«i: li. \V. .Mc.Mulli'ii. .s-.i'.ii,i«M : llilu'li .\ll;ili..'i:tVi.lll»l: lii(ili,.*s-|(i,l|lNI. Pl.'iisc siiy ir llii,- i- iiKli'Clllilc lo yoii. I (In mil think we .uii iln willi Icsy. mid may have In ttivr mnri'. I ilii tint think we will rr'iiiiri' nimi' than skni.i'iki in riL'ti. hut lain nni .''nre as yet. Whnani I Indraw nii Inr inniicy whiMi it is waiifcil. and what irniil id' iiayiucnt will hr ri'Mnif"'! '■' Vnii are aware I eannnt net t : ij.t.s. !." (Ill the II ill i}f April, iind 1 am ".Iready deep in -Mine. I'^ery day hrimrs ii|) snme l"W dilliciilty In ' hnpe tn meet them all ,-iieee.-.-l'iilly. Write tn me Our Leu'i>lature propar.'itinii I'nr 1 1 he enenulUered, hu iinmediately. " \ iiur.s triil\. "IIICII ALLAN". (SigneJ) "('. M. Smiiii, K.>ii;..Ciie ii;ii. " I'.S. — 1 think ynu will have tn fin if /,/iii'l in the matter nl' nmiicy tejiifh piiyment^l. I have already paid .S'>.-'iilO. and have not a voueher, iiud eaimnt itet niie." tThe name nl ihe party wa.-' (i. W. Ca.^r-. 40 with regard to obtaining the Charter, anil says that havini; made up iiis mind that lite matter would ultimately rest in the hands of Sir (Jeorge 1']. Cartier, he (h-termined to secure his interest, and that in order to obtain this he iiillneiiced in one way or other twenty-seven out of the forty-live French Canadian iiiemlteis who supporteil Cartier in the Iluuse and ga\e the (loveiiimeiit iis majority; l)iit he dues not say that any other means were used than throuuh advocating- the buildiii'^- of the Northern Coloni/alion Kailway. (which he intended shoidd ultimately form i)art of the Canada I'acilic). With regard to the Northern I Colonization Railway he says, '■ I employed several younu- French lawyers to write it up for their own newspapers. I subscribed a controlliiiii- inllueiice in the stock and proceeded to subsidize the newspapers themselves. l)oth editors and proprietors. I went to tlu' country thvouiih \\ hich the roail wouhl pass ami called on nuvny of the inhabitants. I visiteil the priest sand made friends of tiiem and I einployetl aii'euts to lio amouiist the principal people and talk it up." lie then .says that when Ciu'lier liecame convinced that thi> nnijority of his followers would not support him 'unless tl)(> contract for the I'acilic litiilway was given in the interests of Lower Canada.' he consented to his (Sir lluiihs) haviuL;' the contract. The whole tenor of the correspondence weiu to show that Sir Hugh was a most accomplished wire-puller; that he intended to retain his American associates in the enterprise, althoimh it was to be, nominally, a Hritisli Company ; that he had u.sed, and intended to use. larue sums of money to gain his ends, but there was nothing in them to create more than a suspicion that any luulerstanding had been come to between Sir Huii'h and the Ministry that he should spend large sums to aid in the elections, in return for the Charter, as charged by lion. Mr. Huntington. o. — The publication ol these letters, of cours(>, caused much excitement, and the Ojiposition KiTeetnithe ju'ess j ubihuit ly proclaimed that Hon. Mr. Huntington hadi)roved publleullnn. 11 ,i-\ '4 '-- !f 'f .iSl! TUTTLHS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK JH).Mi.\10X OF ("ANAUA. ii'-i '<(i his ciisc. The Glnhf ol" the ath ol" July, at thi- conclusion ol' a loni; otlitoriul on the siihjcot. said ; " The throwing over of Mr. Macpherson, the enormous expenditure at the election, and the evasion ol' eiujuiry by the Clovernnient, are all explicable on oi;e hypothesis and one only. That hypothesis is that the Government sold the Charter for money to Sir IIui>h Allan ; that they are in the same boat; that they are tarred with the same brush; and that the man who occupies the post of First Minister is hopelessly involved in an infamous and corrupt con- spiracy." This was, of course, the extreme view, and was not at all generally shared in by the jieopl'^ : for. as a matter of fact, Sir .Tohn A. Macdonald's name is only mentioned three times in the whole seventeen letters, once with regard to making an appointment to meet him ; once that a coolness existed between him and Cartier -'arising from the coquetting of the latter With Hlako and Mackenzie to form an alliance and carry the elections next summer, with a view to leave Sir John \. out in the cold " ; * and once, where he says that Cartier told him that he (C;"tier) and Sir John had loiiii' ago made uj) their mrnds not to give the (.'barter to either Macpherson's or his (Allan's) Company Itut to lorm a Government Company, and have the woik conducted under Government cuirol. This did not look like being "hopelessly involved in an infamous and corrupt conspiracy '" ; and when the lirst surprise caused at the partial revelation of Sir lluiih .Mian's .scheme had passed, and the letters were read through again calmly, it was found that the only paratiraph which in any way sui)p(irted the cliargt^ was contained in a letter to ^Ir. Cass, atcd 7th of August, in which Sir Hugh says : " The policy I ado|)|c(l has been ([uite successful. The strong French inllucnct^ I sureecdcd in ol)taining, has proved Miilicieiit to control tile elections, and as .soon as tlie (lovernniciit realised this fact, which they were unwilliimto admit and slow tosee, they opened negotiations with me. It is unnecessary to • l.fllor lo (I. \V. .M.'iMulleii duloil .'illi IVIjrii.iiT, ls:2. detail the various phases through which it passed, but the result is that we yesterday ! signed an agreement by which, on tertain ■ monelarj/ rondifioiix, they agree tiil Ilii; jinniininn nl Ciininlii. iind liiiiiifuiarly liinini-li llif ilisliii-l of oniiiiliy Iviiin lo the Hi'slniiril of ■MiiiiMcai. Willi A vii'W 111 iiii'iTii.siiii; llic I'lK'iiilir.^ nt' (•ciinniiliiiiMli"li lif- j twi'cn III!' .'^(■;i-l>onr(l iiihl Wc^'UTii Anii'rii'ii. .And llial aiiiMnirst oilior [ pritiecls. Illy aiU'iitiuii wa-' rarly ''irfctL'il lo tlio .■*flit'ino lorronslMn'linK a ' niihVMv hcMwiMMi .Moiitri'Ml.u.'i llii' nioul Wo.iU'ily AllanlJL' .'ca-l>oaril. ami Ihi' I'arilii- O.'i'an. Thill ill Ilii' Aiiuiiiiii iilI'^TI, I li'aniril. in ■•onvcrsalion with Sir Kraiiris llini'k-. llial fiTlain Aiiu'rii'Mii iMpilalisIs had iiroji iscil ,'o ilic (tovcrii- iiii'iil. lhroiii.'li .Mr. Wa.ldiniilon. In ori-'.inizc a Conijiany lor tlu' iMirposu of liilil'lin,; the Can.ola I'ai'ilii' Knilway, l>ill thai no aolioii had iiceii lakun ii|M)n their |>i-o|)o..'iliMii. 'I'lial (ht'rciipon, iiiasniiirh as no niovi'ini'iit ii|i- licand lo III' roMli'iiiidalod in Canada lor the iniriio.sc in <|ii<'^lion, and I 1 donliU'.l ilCanadiaii r;i|iilali.-ls I'niihl he iiidiii'cd lo siiliscrilic lo il to any I lai'iti' I'M rill. I ohlriiiii'd lioiii Sir l''r.'iiii'i.'' Iliiiiks the naiiu'.-< ofllii' iicrsons who had t>fi-n (-oiiinitiiiicalini.' v\itli iioM-riiiiU'iit. and iniincdiati'ly iilarrd niy.-i-H ill coni'-|ioiidciii'i' willi lliriii, lor tin' loii|>'isi' ol'i'inleavonrini! lo form a I'ai'ilir Com i .any in advam-o of I lie mci.-'iires wiiii'h won* exiu'i'U'tl lo be taken liy Ihi' lo.M'rniiient at the then eiL^iiiiiK m'smoii of I'arliii- \ nu'iit. That, ari'ordiiiiriy. iifli'r a corlaiii nnionni of iiouoliiilioii. 1 I'lilori'd intii ' an aKici'UU'iil with .Mr. Sniilli. ofChieaiio, and .Mr. .McMiillfii. who was i iiiid<'i'>lood to rL'iiri'.-'i'iit a oerlaiii niiinbur of Anu'rican oi|iiliili>ls — in whifh 1 ri'-i'rM'd for Canailiaiis an iniii'li >loik a," 1 thouKlit 1 lould iiro- I'liK'to III' -nlxiTibi'd ill t'aiiada. the ri'maiiidi'r to be taken ii|i by the .Vmerieaiis inlcre.^led and llie'r fi lends. Thi." attreeineni eoriteinplaii'd a \ il;oroll^ iiro-i'i-nlioii ol ihe work of conslrnclion, in coiilorinily with the ilesiu-n of Ihe Canadian llovi'inmelil r-o so.ui as il should he a.«eertailied, lirovi.led Ihe means lo be idaeeil at ihe dis|M.sal of the Company were sni'li as in the oiiinloii of Ihe assiieiales would justify them in niiiU'tlakiiiK th iilrai'l. And with reiiard lo this Hitreeiiienl. I niosi dislinetly and e.xplieitly deelare llial neither in Iho as-'reenienl itsell. ■ in any eon - vei'salion or neirotialioii coniieeled with il, was there any sliinilalion. slaU'ini'Ml. or e.xpiessi'd plan, whleh had for its objeel any relardati f llie work, or any oiher purpose lliaii its eoinpletion ibi kIioiiI at as early a rlay as wouhl he eonsislinl with na'oiiahli' eeonomy in biiildiiiK il. .\nd 1 lore parlieiilarly. 1 dmlari' that there wa.s no inlentioii expressed or implied, eillier ill ihe auriemeiil or in Ihe net'olialions whieli .:eeoni- l.aiiii'il il.ol i.l.ieiiii; it in Ihe |iower of ihe Northern I'aeilie Kailway or any oilier Cmiipiiiii or body of ineii lo ..bslriiei Ihe eiiierpise ill any man- ner o|- way wliali'\er. That no Inrllier sleps of imporlanee were taken bv myself or as.^oeiati'.s np to the lime of the opeiiinif of the session of liarliameiil al Ottawa, in respeet of the inojeeied ComiPiiny, exeeid Unit 1 iilaeed myxelf in 1 imiiiiiealion with the (iovernmenl. ollerimr lo oriiani/.e a Comininy whiih would iinilerlake the eonsiriielion of Hie t I. and disenssiiiK Ihe Ulleslion III Ihe fiii'ililies and aid whieli the I Iovernmenl wimhl probably reeommend In be furnished by the eniinlry ; and in Ihe i r-e nl lliese disens.siiins and neaotialiiim' 1 eedeav nred. us far as pn^sible, In seen e fiir luy.self Ul*-' |i"«iti"ll of Prunidenl nf the pr i.ieelcd Cninpany, Hliieh was 1 which it yesterday on certain 1 form the resilient, to y I'rieiids a lis " eertain hiim' ol' a rood deal ol' icatiou of a I,* sjrave his lliili- il ill aiiswiT : I'lMirili 1. 1' July: renobco, Kiiiciit, St in tlic di'vclcip- oii nrC;iiuhlii. mid 111!' wcstwiinl ol tininiiiiiiMliNii 1)1'- al iiiiiiiiii.'st iillii'r Inri'im^liiH'tini; ii IIl' scil-linjirii, Mllil II witli Sir Kniii'is I'd :>< till' iiiiMTti liir till' piirpiisi.' ipf II liiiil liceii takdii no iiinvfini'iit ii|i- liii <|iii-in|>lati't ilistiiK'lly and iimv ill any i-on- iiiy slipnlatioih y rrliinlalion of bIioiii at as I'arly >i:Miiitr it. Anil n exprcssi'il or Hliii-li .:i'i'iiin- rilir Uailniiy or -I' ill aiiy iiiaii- I'll'or assiM'iati'S lit at Ottawa, in u'l'il inyni'ir ill li/c a t'oiiipany 1 ilisi'iissini! llii' wonlil prolwilily I'uiirsi' ol tlii'sc msililc, to sciMi 1' ininy, wliii'li wan GOVKRNMKXT OK TlIK KA\U. OF IH'FFKRIX— Til K PACIFK^ SCANDAI. :;sT versioii of his whole coiincotioii with tho l'a«*ili<' Railway contract from the inception ol' the enterpris*' down to the siTantini»' of the Charter to the '' Canadian raciiic Kail way Company " from whifh all American lapitalists were carefully excluded. tho pH-iitinti my iissncijitos wcro willing tc» iillow mv, jnul t" wliirli I tli'iiifilit iny.-afir entitli'tl. IVdiu the ai'livc part wliicli 1 took in rlic fireal iDitioiinl cntrrpri^c tn uhicli :lte iiKi't'Oiiiciil aii to llii.i iiuint, I lia'l ri'a^nn to Itrlievc I'roin tlic first that llic tiovcrnnicnt was iircpaml to aflniil ni\ vlaini. That wlicn the time fipr the sfsjiimi of the Canadian IVirliuniont iipproiicluvl, I applit'il to Mr. Ahliott to prcparo tlu' rc'inisiic h-tfiMhition ; anit shortly at'IiT l*arliinnorit liail opi-ncd \ pru.'iM-.lcl tn nir.-nva tortht- pnrpiiscnt" asofrtainiriir how matters wiTi' prntrri'ssiritr, ami what prospret there \\n» nt a sin'ce»t"ul prusecutiuri ol the iirnirrtakirm' liy myself and the persons who wrre llien associjilcd witli inc. That, pre\ ions to thin time, however, I had roinmnnieatt-d with a lanre nninhcr ol' persons in Canada on the suhjeel of the proposed Company, re nf the late Mr. U'addiiiKton and others who were then interesting themselves in the project. That notwithstamliiiK that the Mill whitdi was so intpMlneed eontem plated hy its terms the exclusion ol forcik'ncrs. I did not feel by any means convinced that 'he i?ovcrnnient would insist upon ;iny such conililion.heliovin^'as I did. and do, that such a propnsi-ion was impolitic and unnecessary. I did not . iherelnre. feel .iiistilie.l in entirely hreakinn olT iny eonneolion with the American associates, atltioUKh I ai iiuaitited them with the ditVieiilty which niitfht arise if the (ii>\ernmenl touk the same position which the nnijority of the people with wlnan I cnnverseil at Ottawit apiieareil to t|o. I was aware that.hy the terms of the Mill introduced 1 V the (Joverimu'iit. lluy would have a cnritrolljnn power as lo the terms of the contract, arid I was willinir to ahidc hy their decision as to the extent of interest, if any. which forcitrncr.j niiirhl he permitted to hold. Aiid until that deci-ion \va> communii-ated to nu', I t< It in { honor hound hy (he aicreement I had unnic to leave the door open for the entrance of my American associates into the Coinpan>, uule!>s the ooniintreney arrived of h distinct prohihition hy the (Jovernment a^rainst admittinii them. And in intorminv them of tho protires.' of ilie alVair in Canada, as ] did on certain oceusixns as an individn.il, and without implicatimf the Company of whieh I was a meniher. I I'onsidered that I wa« only acting fairly hy them. And I •lid lott intend iherehy tti hind, anUt Uii I uoneeive. did not in iiny way himl or oompruml^e In iny views *). — The publication of Sir Huuh Allan's affidavit was joyfully received by the friends of the Goverunient as " a clean Sir llimh Allan"- allidavit. Its ciVect. Hill of Health' aaainst tin charges of Hon. Mr. Huntington, and that gentleman and his friends were bitterly assailed the other memhers of the Canada Pacific Kailway Company, with whom I iliil not think it necessary to communicate at all on the suhject of my irt-easional enrre^pondence with my American ai-^ociates. The more especuilly as this correxpondcnec was entirely private and cotdidetitial, and. moreo\er, was written with such imittentiiin, as to accuracy id' oxi'Tcssion. as mijrht he expected in correspondence intended imly to ho seen hy those to whom it was addressed. Durinjr my stay at 'ittawa, 1 had ^ome cnmmuoieation htained hy the lnti-r-t>i'eanic Oonipany as ]u.c was likely t<> he I'ormed. the presence of competition aniomrst Canadians, tor the contract, had decided them to allow lUJitters to take their own course until they should have heen i-nahled to decide, after the formation id" the Canadian Companies, what line (d' conduct would be nio-t conducive to the interests of the country. And there was. therefore- very little -^aid or dom- during the session, which trave me any elue to the views of the tJovcrnment with re>pec( to the coarse of action which they would pmhuhly ultimately adopt. Alter tlie session, the Canada I'acitie Railway Company, of which I was a nicmhcr, proccedeil to oivani/e, and they ntitilicd the ( ;overment that they were prepared to take the cmitraet for huildiniJ and runninu' the I*acilic Kjiitway on the tertns and conditions mentioned in thetJovern- iiien( Mill. They caused stock hooka to he ..peiied in variou- parts of the Dominion in confintnity with the Acl, and took such initiatory steps and such oilier proceedimrs as v/av necessary lo enalde them to act as an ork'ani/ed corporate hoily. It soun alter hccanie evident ti' me that the (jovernment would he hest pleased to .-eean a ma U'a mat ion of the two Conipanies ineorporalcd hy Marliament. in order that united action miiflit he secured and the irrealesl streimth ohtait:wd in the formation of a Canadian Company ; and I therefore opened negotiations with the Inicr- Oceanic Coinpanny for i he purpose of emleavtpurinn lo clVect such an ainal»raination, and at tho same 'tine the <*anada I'acilie Cotnpany placed il.-elf in cmn munnicat ion with the >• in Toronto, he- Iwcn him and .Mr. Macpherson. he report i-d to the Canada Company that there did no| appear to he any material di I made to he President of the amilKiimated Company, and to haw the nomination of an ee ohviiiled in .-oiiie wiiy. tii other 'Hi % " ' \ in Ji :s.ss TI'TTf.K'S IIIST()i;V OKI'IIK DOMINION oK CANADA. for in;ikinu* surh sfvidus ('h:iri»'<\s on such slit;ht inul iiis!illk;i*'n! Lirouiuls. More nKxlenite iin-u woro disposed to Ihink thai the lottors disclosed sulii»'iont suspicions circunistiiuros to ^va^Tant Mr. lluntiim'lou's attack ; hut that tht» allidavit ol" Sir lluuh AUau h'ul cleared the Ministry ro-|tot*I:^. lie ri'i'iM'tril (Intl he cniilil liml nn 'livcrtrcnoo t in his p- I'lt-ftion. [ iru't liiin anil l):iil nnr t)u> Charter, (in .''('vrral ocrasiuns. Mi'KiiiK lliat thr intlnuni-t' of thi' (ffivt'riitncnt ''hnittil he iisfil fn ppicnrf ihc anialL'aniatititi nrxHi ■^neh toriii' a- I coii^ith-iT'l w-'uhl he ju-t f-i myself ami the 'I'omi'aiiy uvcr »liiiii I |>rr| iht> l^ll■i^l<- Itailway. anii>m;.'-t other-, an>l ihat at "lit- of the inters iews I ]ia>l with hilii he sh<>weil me a euiiimuni' Calh»n Ip'in llie l'n-mi<'r, "l whifh the folhiwint; iy a eoi.y :— JuIylV.ih.IsTJ. Have >pen Miiepherson. He ha." no per-^onal aiiihitinii, hut eaniiol. it! jusliee to (hnuri uieeile any iireferetiee to (^nehec in the matter "f the Pre>hleiK'V. nr In any other parlienlar. He ^nys the ^|lle^tiltIl aJiout the I'ri'sitieney .'•lion hi ho left t"t the ISoanh I'mler ihe.-e eireiim^tatiee-, I auihori/e \*'ii to a.eil to ■;eL'iue him the iM.>iiiun'if |'r»'«i.h-nt. The otlur leriii' to he ai* aurefil on heiween Alaii.herson anil ,\lihotl. 'I'he whole mallrr to he ke|>t >|iiie( until alter the eleriion*^. Tlien the two Kenttemi'ii tn meet the I'rivy Coiini'il al 'Mtinva, ami M'tlte the terms of a |-ro\ i.-iotial at'ieemeiit. This is the only |*raetietil solution uf the ililhenlty, ami >honli| he aeee|ite(l at onee hy Allan. Answer* ISiirnr.l.l .lonv A. M.u M.N.M.h. Sir (iemirr ''arlii-r. iMtawa.' Ami .^ir (ieork'O Cariier. nil that oeeasi-m, ^rave nio the a>-nranre whieh he was hy that teleuram anthori/eil hy tin- I'reaiier loeonvey to me That on further ilij-eiis-it.ii witli Sir i JeoiT'e Cartier. .is to the <-ourse whieh the liovernment wioit'l |ir-ilt;thl.\ fiike with louMi'il to the aiiriluima tion ;Mi'l the eontr.n-t til In- uraiileil. I inu''-.| ii)«iri him lertain moilitieji- tion" ol tiic terms of the ahove telokMain fmm Sir .lohn A. .MaeilomiM, anil finally Sir lienr^'e eame to entertain the O|tiiiton that I wati entitled to have eeitain of iho>e miiililieiitiom* conceited to mc.aml o.\|n'es."ed \m willin»enes.iiin of oiiinion from Sir tJeortre as lie felt himself justified in u'i\intr, I rei|iiested that he wo-ild put what he staled veihally to lue. ill wriiinif.ami aeeordintfly. 'Hi the .'."ih of ,liil> , l^'TJ, he wrote to ine the followinif letter :— (t'o|.y.) .Mi)NTitK\i,..!nty :;uth. isTU. lH:\i{ SiK 11m. II,— I eiielose von ro|iies of telegrams rceeired from Sir John A- .Maedoiiahh and with refereiiee to their eontents I would say I Ihat ill my opinion thi- tiovemor-in-Ooiineil will approve of the amalir:i- I million of yoiir Compan> with the InlerOccanie Company, nndi-r iht^ miiiie of Ihe Canadian I'aeilie Railway Company, the Provisional Hoard I of the amalgamated Cinipany to hn eomp"S«'d d' seventeen menihers. of ' whom four shall he ii.imedlrom the IM-ivim-r of t^iehee. hy the Canada i I'aeifie Railway ('tnnpaiiy : four from llie I*ro\ inee of Untiiriu, hy the Hiter-' 'eeaiiie Kailway Coui|>ai)y, iind the remainder hy the (Jovernimuit : the ainal^'aniiited Couipany to have the fuiwer" speeilied in llif tenth seelion of tliP Aft ineorporatiim' the Camiiia J'ae'lie liailway Company, ele., the aitreemehl of itmaliramalion to he e.\ei-nUil helweeii iheCoiii- paiiies, within iwo montli> frnm this date. The Ctuntda I'aeith- *.'oinpany mi»iht tjike (ho ii iliati\ e in proenriiiK the amalttanialioii ; and if I he Inter-Oeeanio Cumpany should not e\ rente an auri' 'tin nt ot amalt:amat i<>n upon sm-h terms, and within siii-h timilud time, I think the eoiiteiuplaled iinaiiKetnenl-' ^llould bo made with the riinadii Paeille Company, itnder it^ charter. I'pon the sul»eriplion inid payment un iieentml of stnek heinv made. iiB required hy the Act of hi«t tmsniui), rot^poetinir the Ciiniidiiin Paeitie from the charue inaih^ auaiiisl it. It was rcuitMnbe'od thai the Ministry had claimed in the House Avhcn the adjournment ol" th<* Com- mittee to the 2nd ol' .luly was asked lor, that their two most important witness(»s — Sir Hugh Allan and Mr. A]>holt — were absent, and that Railway Company. I have no dfuiht hut that the (Jovornor in-rouneil will at'ree with the Company lor the eon^truetion and wcrkimr ol' theCana- • lian Pai-tfa- iiailway, \\ ilh such hr:iiMdies as shall he avrreed upiiii.aud will uTant to tin- Ci.nipany all siirh snhsidie< .ind as.-^i-lanee as f hey are empowered to do hy tho 'iovernment .\ct. I hclieve all tho advantaKOS whii'li the .. leleuraplii-d Sir .lohn on the ■^aine day l.luly .!M) to ihe cTeol that I had seen Sir t leorK'' Cartirr, and that he (Sir John) miKhl return my letter or regard it as waste paper, and ihat I wa- 'ali-^tied with the tcleirram ot the 'Jtilh iis e\|Uessive of the views of the (iovernment. I pixilively and explicitly declare that, exceplimr so hir a." tin uiider- sljindinir helween ihe (Jfivernment and my-elf is expressed iu the fore - noiiin correspondence. I had ni> aLM-c'cmeiit of any kind or tieserlptiou, either vorhally or lii writing, hy m> -oil or Ilinmnh any other person, in respect of the contract of Ihe Pa id lie Railway, or of jiriy ad\ antajre to bo conferred iipoii me in respect of it. The terms id' the Charier, the eoin- pu-ition of the Company, the prixiloKcs which were hi he j.'rauted to it, Ihe proportion.^ in which (he slm-k wa? to he disirihnteil, haviuK been mailer'^ lor nciiotiation and ^eitJement u\\ !> the la>t uiouieid* and were only closed and decided npon while the Charier wa" beiiux prepared iu the early pari of tho present year, and the per-ons who finally com- posed theCouipfiiiy were only dcfidcd upon within a tew days o| the issue of the Charier. I luyselt beimr permit led to .^uhscrihe only a similar amount of 'lock to that snh<,ribei| hy other prominent members of the CnmpDtiy. With reference to certain prixafi and contldeutiiil letlors pnbli-.hcd thi.- day iu the Montreal //v will lie iiiriiiti. or to the M :l lilwiiy pro.iiTt ii|i I'roiii Sir liciirifp iili'iitu ol it, iiiiil lliii hi' ilcoliiiisl liiiK to him thllt own to .Monlri'iil IT lliiit I sliniiM wn. Ami to my 1 siM'ii inc. iin|>iiruil in lio liiiiilly riiiii- liMv ilay- o| iho III' oii|_\- a siniilar nuMnbi'rs of I In* I'tliT" oiihlishcil 'iin'tiis ill thr-'i' thf lori'iroiiifi. I 1 .h'siii. til stall' :ii iitiili'n>m tli"-.c lctln> were ;nlilri'.'<.''t''i. Jisj'oriiilitiK riiyscH with them in a l'oiii|':iny imtifcf dl tor the I'tmstiiiftinti i»r till- I'iU'itii* Hiiihvuy. I ImkI ni'vcr \n-v\i intnriiH'il by tlie liiivcniiiu'iil rliiit il wji> llu*ir iniuitinn nut in I'lrinii the !i.<>i'.-ijititiii n! Inri'ijjni'is witli ('iniiiilinii-' in the ortraniziition mT rh<' I'.-icitii" enniinniy. Anil in con^'umiiiK to thr IcL'i.shitiuu iiitnxluii'*! intn thu iliiu^c. 1 thout'ht I was iiiily ilctVrrinK t" a |ir«'juijice which [ myself cnnsidi-n'il without tt»tiiirtiinity *>tVi>n' assume a |>o>iiiuii in ih«' i'tanpany. as nearly liki* that wliirh lhi*y ami I hail afrrccil nimn :i- fiiTUUislancL'.- wouhl lurinit. Ami jis I cntiri'ly lair- nicnls that wen* inado as to tln'ir •li'^pii^itiMn lo i>l»(rm-t ihr < ana ron>inii'ii(in, i's|n'L*ially in tin- t'\rnl of a failure of thi' ne(.'"ii;ili'«ii- in Kntrhnxl, i had no hi-.^itatinn in |>hicinK niysrlf iii8 should ptM'niit of it. It was in that spirit Ihiil what is -aid in my p^'ivati* Ictlt'r-', now puh|i>h('d, was writion to the Kontlciiun to whuni tliey wi-ro addressed, and if matters liad t.-ikensneh a turn as t<> |i<-rmit with pro- priety of those inlentions hrint; enrried inii. | should have teU niy-elf hound to .'idhere to tlo'in. Ihit. in r'"itil of fun. when the discussions us to the uMide in whieh the Cuinpany -huuld i.e Inrnied. were entered upiai with ihe Ouvernnieni, liil*' in the autumn. I e.imi' to uiHler>larid deei- sively that they eould not he admitted, and 1 mUilied them of the fnct. and that the neu'otiations must eea;-e hetweenus, hy a letler wliiidi has nut het-ri pid.li-hed in the Ihrahi cd' t*» day, hut whieh was in the fojh.w- iuK terms :— MuNTKKM,. Oetoher i:4th, !sV2. Mv lh:\ii Mit. Ml .MrijKS.— \o action has yet (asfaras I know) heen taken hy the (lovernnn'nt in the matter of the Paeilie Railroad. The opposition of the (hilario party wilh I think, have the elVeet of shuitintf out our Anieriean friends frotn any participntinn in the rnml. and I apprehend all that neLrntiation is a) an end- It is stilt unecrtain how it will he iriveii (the eontraet), hut in any ease the (Jovernment soem inelined to exaet a declanition that no foreiirner'' will ha\ e. dire<-(Iy or indirectly, any interest in it, Ihit everything is in a slate ot uneeriainty, and I think it is unnecessary for you to vi.-it New York on this httsinoss at present' oral all* till you hear what the result i-^ likely In he. Tuhlic sentiment seems In he th'cided that tin- road -hall l>e huilt hy t'ani:dians only. Viiiirs trnlv, (Sinned,) Hi i.n Ai.i.w. (I. W. M. MiMiN. Ksip, eietnn, oni. I'p to thi.s period lo which this statement oxtendt. tho iicktliation \ hotween the '>'<> ninsi (d' the prmninent men in the hmninion. cnuld he indueed ■ tn join their -nernies in pressing torward the prnjeei. j Ahnnt ihis tune, however, a meinnranduni was eonnuunieated to mo < whieh had hocn rcecived hy the (loveinmenf Irnm the Inter-Ooeanic ■ rotupan>> which appeared In de-lroy the |>riispt cl nf umaUa unit ion ; and I althou^:h tho t';niada Company endeavored t" n-moxe the ohject ionr^ | nuide hy the Inter Ooeunic Cnutpany, they failed in doint; so, and the '■■ idea nt amahrain.ition was -Imrily aflerwards ftnally ahandnned. There- upon, the iio\erninent informed lae that it wax detidi d that the enntno't I nhould not he tii\en to liiher of the Cutiiiamies alone, hut that the ' < Government wonh! incnrporali n (U'w eoni|>any. If (he protninpnt meinhers of the two ini-orporated Cnui panics, and any leadin»r Canadians who luitfht he di^itosed to jnui them, ami able to \i\\v. .-uxsistanco. euuld case if the letters had l)een allowed to uo l"'>rt] to ihe world without explanation or contra- diction. Another i>oint was that Sir Huu'h Allan's statement wassworn to and i>urpor!ed to tell the whole story; while tht^ letters were evi- Charter. AntI Inun thai time the etVnrt- of all partii** inlere-lfij in Ine prn.iei-t were direcleil fwards procurini: the assnei;iti..ii h. iretlo-r nf tln- inost prominent men nl hoth Conipatje- in tho n<'W Cniiipany tn he incorporated umler the terms of thu tiovernmeni Act of the previous ses>iiin. And it was as the result of the-*!' olVnrt- th.ii the pre-ent i'«»iu- pany was tnrmed, composed, in ;i majority y myself a- -nnu a- I aseertaim'd tho desire of iIm- »in\ erniuent. Ami 1 stale furl Imt. positivily. that no money derived fr-ui any fund nr frmn any -d my former American assnciates, was cvpi'iuh-d in -issistinj.' my frietj'ls ■>r the friends nf the (iovernmenl at I ho reei-nt ifcner.il olech.urs. That with reirard to tho construi-tion which appears lo ho it imded In ho placed upnu the ijtalemenis in ihi' letter ret'erred to a.- to the preliminary expenses cnrniected with lih* Charter- I st.iie nii>«t p">i- tively and explieilly that I never made .in aL'r<''*ment nr eatne f" any uiider>lamliMK nt any kind nr ih-rripl inn with llo' tiovernnM-ni -t any of i(.- memhers. as In the paynieiil nf aii\ -nrn nf uinnry fn an> "tn-. nr in any way whatever, in eonsideraiimi of reeeivimr tin nirart tor the Canadian I'acitic. I detdaro that I di*! expend conoidenihle siim> of money in various ways which uppean'd to me tn he Mdvant.itienu^ to the Company I had orKanl/.ed, ami calenlated lo siremrthen my hand' in endeavorin»r tu ohtain the eontniet for th.it C> hut tha! I did not on any oceasion or in any way pay> or u^ree to pay. anythintf what- ever to any meniher of the »Jn\crnnienl. nr In any one on hrhalf or at ihe inslanee of thi' < iovernrnent. jnr any cDiisi'h-ralinn what'-vrr- in I'onueetinn ui(h the Charter or eontiacl. As may he trathrri-d from the letters in nueslinn, I ennsidered it to hi* my p'*li*'y to >tn-tiirlhiMi my position as faras 1 possiMy imild vviih my own triends and t'dlnw citi/eus in the I'rovinee id' t^iehee,ant| more e-peeially in -o tara^ ndaled H) the Montreal Ncu-thern Cohmi/iition itailway, whieh I eom-i-ived wnnhl al M.ine day he the outlet from the Canadi.in Paeitie (n fhe pnrt of Mnntrt-al. And ;i enn.-iderahle portion nf i]h> moiiev r.derred to in tho^^c Ictler.", w.is e.xi'endi'ii h,\ nie in furthi-iatiee of (hat prnje i in m my w.iy-. 1 eonsidcrcd it for my intcre>it also ihal ttinse rm-mher-* of I'arliameni wlm had slmwn an inieresi in tht Canadian Paeitie i'iHcri»risi'. and in otli'T railway enlerpri-e- in whi-h I wa> inti-rtv-tid. .in 1 ivho wi-re di-pn-rd tn assist :iitd fur! her them, >hoidd he aided in their elf t ions, and I *iih-erthed some munoy and lent some tiioney to assi^^t the ele<-tioii of Mich per'^niis as were my friemls and in whom I wa- inten-'^ied. hut witlmnt any uiider^taiidinKor condition with them, or any of ttiem. as in I'arliaiiieni- ary >upport nr a>>i>lani*e in the event of ih»ir id>'ettnn. In tip-"!' and simitar ways I e\pei>ded sums id nioui'v appn>ae)iin»[ in aiiinunt thn^c menlim.ed in llin>e lellers. as I enui-ei\ i- I had a pi i tf-i rinht |n do : hut I diit not -litte in thn>e Irtter^. nor i^ il (he f.tct that .my p trlinii d thn-i- >ums of money were paid to the tni-mlier- of the nr indini-lly.ii* a mii^iik-ra- lion in any torm for any advantaj^e tn nn- in Ounm-.-tion with thf Paeili.* Hallway rnnlract. 1 desire alsn to stall' I'urthcr with reKanl to tin' envelope and the ptipi-r-^ whieh it contains, which were plaeed in the hand" of the ll>ai. Mr> ,'^tarnes shortly hidori- my ileparlun- tor Kiorlaiid with ihr iltdeualion >>) the Pacille Kailway, that iipmi hrinu inlnrnn-d liy me thai all neimtialinns helween luy Inrnifr Anierieaii acsoeiaies and in>-clt nn the .-iilijei-t n| the ('aiiadian Paciti*; niu>l ei n>e. l.irwe .h'mand> \\*\\- made iipnii me hy .Mr. .McMullen ha-i' I partly iipnn alli'U'-d expenditure hy him, and partly upon a claim hy him for etunpensaiion for his loss of time an I oervi>-e- in the prnmniion id the enterprise so hmv as he and his iVietidj' remained eonneetetj with it. These demands at lir-i wore of hipIi iin cxteiisive choraeter that I dei lined altogether to entertain lliem. I was di-|Hise(l K * ■'■"1 il ; ' ' ' liB :!!•(> TCTTLKS HISTORY OF' TITF^ DOMINION OF CANADA. meats of a long correspondent e, so arranged a« to make the circuniistances of .vhich thoy treated apjjear in the worst possihK' l-vht. T!ie : I'Heet produced is wtJ! described by Lord Dull'eriii i'.i th • ;..llo\ving portion of his I despatch ti> ihe Jkri of Kimberh-y, nnder date i l.")th August . '(hi tile whole, as far as I could gather from tla- tune of the press, and from conversation, these revehitions rather improved I than otherwise the position of the Ministry. On { ' the one liand, Sir Hugh AUan"s letters accounted ; for and justiiied Mr. Iluntinffton's pertinency.! I on the other, his allidavit. — or rather, ISir John MacdiMiald's telegram, quoted in the allida- vii, — satisfactorily prove that, so far from yielding himself, or allowing his colleague, Sir (.reorge Cartier, to yield to the pressure put ujion him by Sir Hugh Allan in the height of the election contest, my Prime Minister had re(juired the immediate and complete cancelling of an arrangement iav(n-able to Sir Hx;gh to which Sir CJeorge had evinced a willingness to subscribe."' CHAPTER XXXVII. (lOVF.KN.MHNTOl'TlIK F':AI!L ()!•' Dl'l-'i-'KIilN- Tll 1', I'.M.'l I'K ' SCAN i ».\ ]..—{0>ntiiiin'i:) 1, Hi>w Tin; i,etti:rs(amkto ise rrisLisiiKD. — ■2. Ml!. McMrLLK.N's •Narrativi:.' — 3. Thic DEFKNSE OK THE G<>VERNMi:HT. — 4. ThE FEET.lNd AlOUT PlioRnOATION. — 5. LoRD DrKFEKIN DEFINES THE POSlTIdN OF A GoVER.NOK-GENEKAIi. — 6. ThE QUESTION OF Pi;iii!0(iATi<>.N. — 7. Till-: tactics of the tn ri'hirn t" my Aini'rifan Hs.-Mriiitc:* any innncy whicti tht^y nii^lit liiivt' QXpnitleil in llic matter, iiml 1 wu.-* rt-ii'ly t iniu'ti.-utt' .\Ir. .Mc.Miilleii I'lir the ln>ri nt' his time ami liis e.xpcii^es, Init it ii|i|>eiirc(l tn me thiit the Mini he ih-iii;iM have ri'ii. hi'il. I till naturally that hy trnstiiiK In the liuMnr nt my cnrri'-iinmleiits ami writim: tn them in a inaiintT -omewhal inennsiilerfite, I har In aniM'y me hy the jiiihliiiilinn n( thnse letters. anil I I'eareil thiit tliemitery nhielimiiiht h^llnw their luihlieHiioii in Iho enliiiiiiii' of eertain |ia|iers whieh lla^e maiiitei'tei) nnceasim; hostility tn ihc Canailian I'aeilie Haihvax', miyht injure the itrnspeets n!' the ilelatiatinn in l-lnclaml. I llieielnie aiithnri/eil anarraniiemcnt In he innile «ith .Mr. .McMullen, hy uliK'h a sum vi-ry miieh If tn.iii lii.s nri^'inal ih'inamls shnuhl he imiil tn him: the ureater |M>i-tii. '-e hut the reimiinim; anil a i-niisiilenihle (inrlinn nn Iho Uilivery n! the Ii 'lers In me iiTter t''' jiresenl Sessinn ul' Opposition. — S. His Exceli.k.\'V « uj-.i- sioN. — 0. The Ninety-two EE.Mo.r.^TRvxT MEMHERs. — 10. His KxcEiJiEXi y's kepi,' - 11. Piv'OKOOVTION. — 12. The lNlM';;vrATii;N meeting. — 13. The effect of i'roro(».vtion. 1. — For the two weeks which followed the publication of Sir Hugh Allan's letters, and his siibsequent affidavit with regard „„„„,Hotte-, to them, litile else occupied th.' ™metnhe,u.hii,hed. attention of the newspapers, and •• The Scandal " and ''The Slander," as it was called by the ( )pposition, and Ministerial papers respectively, was discu.ssed in all its possible and imi)ossible bearings. Of course, Mr. McMullen came in for a full share of abuse, and '' scoundrel," •' blatk-mailer." & c , were amongst the mildest uncomplimentary epithets applied to him. It was charged that when he found that the Government was determined to have American capitalists exitluded from the new Company to be formed, and that Sir Hugh Allan had informed him that he would be obliged to break oH' itil negotiations with his American a.s,sociates, he attempted to black-mail Sir Huuh, d "uiandiag a large sum of money, and threatening thi.t if not paid he would i>ublish the letters he had in bis possession ; that Sir HuLih had partly agreed to his terms, had paid part of the money demanded, and had deposited a cheque ivthe balance ($1T,')00) in a sealed envelope, in the hands of Hon. Henry Starnes to be given to Mr. McMullen should the session close without the ' 'tters being puMisUed, and the letters them- sehes, which •■ ii > also deposited with Hon. Mr. Starnes, were then returned to Sir Hugh Allan. It was also charged that he had kept I'arlinmenl. shnuhl they not he jiiihlishiil in the interval. This wim iieenrilim-'ly ilniie. .Mr. .Me.Miilhn reeeiveil the greater ran nf the nuiii atrreetl tn with him, iiml the remainiler was jilaeeit in one nf thnse ' enyeln|ies in the tnrm of a eliei|ue, 'ho other envelnpe ennlainin; tn iho hest ot iny heliel'thosaine letters wliieli have heen |iuhlishei| in the .Mont- real //'in/./ this mnrninu. tinrelher with one or two nihers. whieh ihi imt apiiear Ihorc, ht:t whieh wouhl hii\e estahlislieil the ni|>tiire of all neantiiitiniis hetween the Amerieaiis ami mysell. .\ml this arraimemont wiiR inaile on my hehall'. with Mr. MeMiilten, without tlio eonenrrenoc or i knnwled»re of any uiemher of the linviTtiinent, none ol whom wore iiwiire tliiit the itapers hail hoen ilejtositeil in the hamls i>f Ml. Starnes. Ap. I have siKneil. Ill iiit Aiivv. Sworn hehire me at .Montreal, this Itli ila\ of .Inly, IHT.t. .1. L. lU'AI IIHV, J. I' ,1 (JOVP.RMMRNT OF TITE RAKL OF DrFFKULV— THF I'AnFIC S('ANi»AI- .•i!M copies of these letters iiiul had sold them to the leaders ol' till' Oiipositiou lor .1 lara'er amount than that ollered by Sir Hu'.>h ($:i0.6i/.) N.as the sum named). To this Mr. M( Mullen repl' l that he had never met lion. Mr. Huntingion but onee, had never spoken to him about railway matters at all, disi.hiimeU having' received any- thinu' I'or the letters, and denied havinn' I'urnished them at all for publication. 2. — Crimination and re-crimination went on for two weeks between MrMuUen and his Mr. M.Miiii.'iiV aecasers, and the public was ••Niiriativi'." bejriiminii' to weary of the controversy, when, on the 18th of July, Mr. McMuUen caused to be published in the Montreal Herald and Toronto Globe, what he called his " Narrative "' of the whole cour.se ol' his negotiations with Sir Hugh Alliin with reference to the Pa Nnrris. .tr.) sulil riipii's ni t jh'hi tn .Mr. .Inlm .\. Pirkiiis. ii wiiriii siiii|mrter of tlif < l|,|insitis..rul Ciiiiil 'liiic Inr l!ri>iiii. .-it rli*- I'k'Cliniiiil 187:;. rnr.SI,"'il'l.iiMil tliul Ihi'.v Wi'rr iippciiilril |i. .Mr. M.'.MiiII.mi's li'ller til ilivi'rt .siis|iii'iiiii Inmi lliu smiri'i' Inmi wliicli tliry wiri! ulilaiiii'il. Tim (lii|i>.vtiiuiit by .Mr. Senator Ki.st -r, f \at, as far a.- his kuoAi'kJge went, the statement of Mr. McMul! 11 vms substantially true, and *^hat he was aware of an arraiigt>ment having being made for the u> :■ of money for election purposes, carried ?7r -.'t weight, and many who had always regani>d the charge of Hon. Mr. Huntington as a ■ iU" political trick, now chanii-ed their minds in* were pronounced in their opinion tiiat the matter needed the promptest and most thorou-rh investigation, as tiiere must be some truth in the charges. 3. — This second revelation was almost a death- blow to the Ministry, and althouuh the Montreal Hazelle of the -1st July published an t>ditorial, by authority ol the Ministry, it did not have much elfect in changing the opinion which was by this time generally formed, that the (\f ernment had been retained in power by the corrupt use of Sir Huuh Allan's money ; and th:it he hatl been uiven the Charter as a reward for his pecuniary services. The defence was as lollows: "We ai'c autliorized liy the meml>ers of the (rovern- ment referred to in the communications (tf Messrs. McMuUen and l-'oster, published in tlie Gdzi'tte of Saturday, to state that in so lur as iiny part of those communication.s or of tiie documents published with them teiuls or purports to implicate any ui ';il>er of (bo Governmen( in any agreement, :'uuii.-e or The ih'fi .r Ihe 1mi\ ernlliullt. understanding to grant, or ither the granting of the Chart, -r of the d; .i-lian I'acilic Railway Company, or the coii,>'act for the building of that Railway, as comp. ii.sation for assistance at the late general el!<;;i ion.-, i>-i'or pecuniary considerations of any !;• td, or upon any 'jround. m for any retison incon>i-^lciit with their duty as members of the (r(i\ ernmeni, those lommunications and documents are either absolutely and entirely false or so expressed as to convey an absolutely false impro^sitni. That the arraiigonent rei'erred to by the late Sir Georg*' E. Cartier in the published letl r ol' the *24th .August last was an arrangemetit personal IVrkiiis. mill 111'' liiiliirc nt liutli .Mr. IVrkins Mini .Mr. Nurri." t^ iinin'iir lit'liirc till' Knyiil CimiiiiisHi'iii.iciivu muiiii iiilor t" tliis ruuiiir. 1 •: w< :i!i2 TlTTLirs IIIS'I'OUV <»|- TllK iXJ.MiNloX OF CANAKA. m\ i i ii -i to liiiiisi'ir ;iii(l Sir lliiii'li Allan, iiuli'pciulcul ol", iiiid iiiuil piiMiNlii'd, iiiikiiowii to tln' other nifiiilx'rs <.i llic (.J<)\ t'nuiiciit. itiid (hut it had no rercreiKv to ihc ('.iiiadiiui Piioilic t'lmrtor or • ■ontrac't, or li> (he gr:iiitiiiL; or t'iuthcriiii>- tho i>'r!intinii- ol' cillu'r ol' thcin ; and thai at the earliest po»il)l(' ininiii'nt the wlinle ol' the faets and ciri iini>tances will he hud hel'ore a trihunal tanci.s I'rom Ottawa il' the House shonlil picu-.'ed to business without tluMr preseni e, and in some instances il WH)uld bo physically impossible I'tn- tiie mi'inbers to reach Ottau. by the ISth ; and also that the House having rormally au'reed ihat the mooting ol' the l-'ith slumld be only /iro fi rnia, and that no busim'ss beyiness could be (hine. On the other hatid it was nrned that the rovehviions \vhi<'i iiad been made di'maiuled instant mvos- tigali >ri — indeed some jiapors went so I'ar as to claim l.iat no investigation w.is ieede(l. but that the (lovernoi'-doneral shoui'v disuii'-.- tli" Min- istry at once : and that it the im inbcrs were not in their places tin-y had omy theutNolveM to blame aiul must take the consotjuenceh of their abseil. 0. Tile Opposition press was violem in ils ilcmund tlnit the House should noi be proro- ' SirdviirKi' !''• Ciirtier clii'il irj l.>>ji'h tlic iu- mt delay. It her loo much I'v whether it :)sitioii whirh as now time ;es either su.s- nore light iiij>' )r tlie ( ipposi- the members (liiii>'iu(iviiry; Dvenimeiit to ,' regai'ded as possible. that into so he Goveriior- oril DiillVrin Jlitii's the iMisiiiim fa intvcriiin"- ised action ol' ated to iii\-e Acre at lea.st )y him or by ice. This led ■ith coiisider- nduil (if His Ivise but to ed he would ime makiiin' B Provinces, d when Mr. I)lished. He and Tui)i)er, md on some It adnii.ssion despatch of IS assurances ' nlirmed my satisl'attiirily vaid Island fililltCSl IplVlllll III' ■nllciiu'h ii.-^ liti\ itiK «... i.M % r ;» .1 J|ir k 1 i' i ■ m^ If liilii In:.' 1 r-i IH'I "! 'I ■ I ,r mD, tl It' :-n (JOVKUNMKNT OK TIIK KARL OK DrFFKRIN-TIfE PACIKK* SCANDAL. li'Xl His Exiflliiicy procccdi'cl to Ilalilax, siiul lhen> he IihukI that thf prrss was makiiii;- .sii« h \in\vanaiilt'(l use ol liis imuic, that he coiisidfrcil it iiefcf.!sary lo explain wlial he considt'n'd thf position ol' a Goveiiioi-dt'nfial undi'i' the i C'onstitulioii, wliicdi he did in ii vt'iy ahlf ' spei'c h tl.'livtMt'd at a dinner tiiveii in his honor by the Ilalilax Club. 0. — Still His ExtcUoney was by no means determined what nurse to i)ursue. l! had Til.', ii.'-iiuh ..r been arranged that Parlianienl ''■■'"■'"' • should be lormally prorogued by Commission, and Lieut. -Governor Caron, of Que)»ei , was the ollii er who was to perform the eeremony : but His Kxcelleu>y I'elt that his presence in Ottawa was necessary, and that he must consult his lull Council belore linally | determininj>' whether to continue to take the j advice of his Ministers, or to dismiss them. ' From the time of the nublication of the letters, etc.. he had been in lorrespondence with Sir John A. Macddiiald. who assured him that all the chart;'es ayainst the Government could be satisfactiirily exiilained as soon as the Govern- ment had an opi>oiiunity to do so before a tribunal comi)etent to take testimony on oath; the Premier insistiuii-, very justly, that in a matter so ueaily concerninn' the honor of the Ministry it would be most luijusi to admit testimony which was not uiven under the sanctity of an oath, and with tiie fear of i)uuish- ment for perjury before the eyes of the witness. On the (juestion of i>roro!iation, the Premier claimed that His Excellency should cany out I the well-understood and pi-rfectly widl-ag-reed arrani;-eiuent niaib' in May, that the Hou-e should only iiieri pro formn, and be prorogued. | It must be recollected that at this time the I strenuth of the Opposition lay in Ontario and , Quebec, especially in the former, where they j wen- in a decided majority; and it was much I easier for them to assemble at Ottawa than it was for the supporters of theGovernnient, many lu-en in any wh.v i-i'in ti'«l \\\\\\ the jillrircd I'tiiTiiii biirKiiiii witli Sir lliiuli Allan: nml llii'ir liiith |l0^^i|lll!ll • Imniftcrs niiii cir the Ministry hi.'cti'il. of whom were in th' most remote parts of the Dominion, and could not possibly retudi the Cai)ital ill time for the meetinii' of the House. The Opposition orii-ans hail set up the |i|,;i ihat a majority of Parliament could ari'd to vote a want of conlidenee in the Government, were ijuite ready to supi>ort a prolongation of the session, as oj)posetl to immediiite prorouation, and a prosi'cution of th ■ in(|uiry without further delay. Stioiui- in their ilieory that a majority could do whatever the House could, and still stroimer in the numeri'al superiority which they knew they would be al)le to .-how in the absence of so many Ministerialists, who could not reach Ottawa, they gathered at the Capital, leeling coniident of driving the "Charier-sellers." as the Ministry were termed by I hem, from ollice. The lact that the programme for i)rorogatiou had been changed, ■■•nd that Hi^ Excellency would be i)resent in person, instead of t>mploy- iiig a de[)uty, tis had been originally determined, gave them increased conlidenee, and they felt well satislied that he would not prorogue the House in the face of so large an assemblage of members, and atiainst llieir special reipiest, which it was determined to nuike known to him in the shape of a nn'morial signed by all * Ijoril UuHerin's ikvpati'h of l.Sth A"irii-i|. 47 I V] <^ '> '<^. 7 ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I tiS. 12.0 .. .,. IIIIIM 1.8 1-25 111111.4 IIIIII.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation // ^^' /- X % ^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ' Excelloiic.vV lllioisinll. who Avere opposed to prorogation, iiltlior.'ih not thcrelore necessarily opposed to the Oo\ern- inent. J^. — The citizens ol' Halifax had prepared a series ol' demonstrations in honor oi' His Excel- lency's visit, and as he did not like to disappoint them, he was detained until the evenini>' of Saturday, the 9th. and did not reach < Utawa until the morninu' of the loth, the day iixed for prorogation. Shortly after his arrival, His Excellency had an inter- view with Sir John A. Macdonald, at which all the arguments for and against prorogation were gone over agai'v and His Excellency finally determined that he did not considt'r himself justified in exercising the Royal Pre- roaativc and dismissing his Ministers on the ttnsubstantiated charges against them, in the face of their oft-repeated assurances that there was no foundation for them, and that the suspicious circumstances could be explained; that, therefore, he should continue to take their advice and shotild prorogate Parliament, but only on the condition that Parliament should be convened again as speedily as possible, say in six or eight weeks — a condition to which Sir John readily assented, indeed he had him- j self jtreviously proposed an extra session — and it was agreed that His Excellent-y should meet i the full Council at two o'clock, in order that the I agreement might be ratified by all the Min- I isters. At this Council meeting it was sug- ffi'sted that if the extra session was called in ten weeks instead of eight, it would be possil)le to get the estimates and departmental reports ready, so that the ordinary busitiess of Parlia- ment miuht be proceeded with, and the trouble and expense of a Spring session avoided. This was assented to, and, on this understanding, His Excellency agreed to prorogue Parliament. 1'. — t)n his way to the Council Chamber, His Excellency was informed that a deptttation of mtmbeis of Parlianu'Ut desired to wait on him for the puri)ose of presenting a memorial aiiainst prorogation ; and as soon as the Council meetinu' was over he received the members, Till' iiiiii'ly-lwc rfni'Mi>trHnt iiiL'inin-rs. when their cliairnuxn, Mr. Cartwright, read the menu)iial praying that Parliament should not be prorogued until it had had an opi)ortunity ' of determining what steps it would take in the matter of the charges made by Hon. Mr. Huiitinaton against the Ministry.* Mr. Cart- wrigiit in presenting the memorial, stated that it had been signed by ninety-two members ol tlie House, which was more than a majority of the ordinary uttt'udance at Parliament, and that another member who had not alUxed his siunature, had expressed his willingness to sign it. 10. — His Excellency in replyina- a.ssured the deputation that he regretted as much as anyone the delay which had occurred in m, |.;^,.,,||,,,„.yv making the inquiry, and, as far "'''•'• as the delay niiiiht have been occa.sioiied by the disallowance of the Oaths Bill, stated that his own iuipressidu liad been tiiat it was not Htlra vires, bul that a d<)ul)t having bei-n I'aised on the qiteslion he had exercised the ri^ht which he possi'ssed of cnnsultini;- the Home Authorities, with the result already known, lie continued: " Vou then pi'oceed to urge me. ■•• ! uTounds w iiicli are mmv fairly and lorcibh stated, to decline tiie advice which has been I unanimously tendered nie by uiy rcsponsildi' ! Ministers, and to refuse to prorogue Parliament, in other words you require me to dismiss them from my councils; for, gentlemen, you must beawaietluit this would be the necessary result j of my assenting to your reco' nnendatioii. I Upon what grounds would I be justified in I • " Tliu iiiiilcrfiiriinl, uu'iiil«.'r«i>l'llj(< ItiiiiMeiifCoiiiiiiniiKiirCaiiiiilii.dt'.'.ii't' ri'-i'ct'trull.v to jiii|irit;i('li \'oiir K.vci.||<>im',v, niul hiinililx' hi roiirrsntt (liiit inuro thiiii t'niii- iiiiiiith< li:ivi' iilri'M.l,\ (.'lii|"'i''l siiii'f llic lloiiuralilc .Mr. lliinliMi.'lnii in.ult'. Ii'iiii h\f pliivo ill tlu' IIoiim', itr.ivi-- cliiiruc" iil' rnr- I niiitinii .itMiiisi Vmir I'lxi'i-'llc'iir.v's cniislitiiliMiiiil iii|visi'r> in ri'lciTiicc Id j tiK' I'Mi'ifii' lUilwii.v ('(iiitnu't : tliul iilllmimli tlio lloii.'^a hux ii|i|»aeil hy I he ted that his it WHS not IjeiMi raised I the riulit till' Home iri' III rviiri'si-iil Ih.il !■ II MMlilr .Mr. fliariic- 111' fur- r- ill ii'li'iciu'O III ! has ii|iiiiiiiilt.'i| a I'l'iUllK.- Ill llii.i iiul llii> iiKiuii'y iliy iin|iiir.iti\i'ly I' iriViv-li^'iiliori iiT ty and iiiiilniilncil mvioliiin llial iiiiy lit' .iiiri-ilii'liiin 111' ivlion : anil llii'y. iiiiiiiMit until iIk' K Sllrll sti'ps Jl.i il II llii." iniiinrlanl (iOVERNAFRXT OF TTTI-', EAI^L OF miFFFRFX-TTIK PAriFIf! Sf'.\XDAL. :!!)5 taking so grave a step :" what guarantee can you afford me that the Parliiiment of the Dominion would endorse such an Act of perscmal interference on my part? You, yourselves, gentlemen, do not form an aetual moiety of the House of Commons, and I have no mean.^, therefore, of ascertaining that the majority of that liody subscribe to the opinion you have enounced. Again, to what shouUl I have to appeal in justification of my conduct ^ It is true grave charges have been preferred against these !>entlemen ; charges which I admit require the most searching in\ csliuation : but as you, yourselves, remark in your memorandum, the truth of these accusations still remains untested. One of the authors of this corres- pondence which has made so painful an impression on the public, has admitted *hat many of his statements were hasty and inaciurate; and has denied on oath the correctness of the deductions drawn from them. Various assertions contained in the narrative of till' other have been i)ositively contradicted. Is the (lovernor-Greneral, upon the strenn'th of such evidence as this, to drive from his presence gentlemen who for years have filled the highest ofliies of Slate, and in whom, during the recent Session, rarliament has repeatedly declared its continued conlidence i It is true, certain documents of u'rave significance have lately been published in the newspapers in <'onnection with these matters, in regard to which the fullest explanation must bi' given, but no i)roof has yet been adduced which nece.s.sarily connects them with the culpal)le transactions of which it is asserted that they formed a ])art, however qiiestionable they may appear, as placed in juxtaposition with the correspondence to which they have been ajipeuded by the person who has possessed himself of them. Under these circumstances, what right has th(> Governor- General, on his personal respoiisil)ility, to proclaim to Canada — nay, not only to Canada, but to America and Europe, as such a proceeding on his part must necessarily do, that he believes his Ministers guilty of the crinu's alleged against them?" He then referred to the impossibility I'niiMijatiiiii. of making a call of the House, to the positive aureement made by rarliamtmt — as he was informed by the Premier — that the meeting on the IMth of Augiist would only be for prorogation : and announced his intention of issuing a Royal Commission at once to investi- gate the charges, and said that Parliament would be sunimond to receive the re]>ort in eio'ht or ten weeks at the furthest. 11. — When the Special Committeeheld itsmeet- ing in Montreal on the 8rd of July it adjourned to meet at Ottawa on the 13th of August, and accordins'iy four of the members, Messrs. Blake, Blanchet, Cameron and Dorion, met at 11.30 a.m.. but nothing was done, and when the House met at '3.2o p.m., the Committee had no report to i p;.'>sent. The reply of His Excellency to the deputation, had ]wen a great surprise and dis- appointment; <>-reat things had been expected of the ■' Memorial "' and the intelliuence that prorogation would take place, was received with very bad a'rac e. The moment the Speaker took the chiiii- — before indeed the doors had been opened, ilou. Mr. Mackenzie rose to a question of privileae, and read a motion to the effect that it was the imperative duty of the House to have a full investigation into the Pacific Railway charges; that the assumption of that duty by any Tribunal appointed by th(> Execiitive would l)e a gross breach of the privileges of the House ; and that it was highly reprehensible for any person to presume to advise His Excellency to prorogue Parliament until it had taken action in the matter of the inquiry. Hon. Mr. Mac- kenzie was just commencing to speak to his motion when Black Rod apjieared and was grtM>ted with such a storm of hisses, cheers, and cries of "jirivilege" that his mes.'age summon- ing the House to the Senate Chamber was almost inaudible. The Speaker at once left the chair and was followed to the Senate by thirty- five members, all supporters of the Government, all the members of the Opposition retaining their seats. In jnoroguing the Houses, His Excellency fbrmi,ily announced what he had told the Memorialists, viz., that a I{oyal Com- , i '". 1 , > ?:-»«* mi ;i!i(; ti"itij:s iirsTonv ov .hi>: dominmon of ('a.\'.m>a. mission would be issued, and lliat rarliamont, would Ix' suuinioiuid lor business in a I'e'v wcrks time. lii. — Dcprivod of the jiower of attackinu' the ^linistry in the House ol' Commons l)y proroga- ,„ , ,. ,. t ion, the members ol' the Opposi- ' '""''"" tion organized an • Indiiiiiation " meetini:' in the b'aihvay Committ,e(^ Koom, and discussed this latest phase of the "Scandal." Ml, C'artwriiihl reported the result of the inter- view with His Exeelieney, and was lollowed by Messrs. Cunningham, ISurpee (Sunl)ury), Forbes, Paquel, Cauehon, Lallamnu\ Mackenzie, Blake, and ]Iuntiniit(ni, who all took the line of argu- ment that prorciiation was a breach of the privileges of Parliament; that llis Excellency should nol have taken the advice of his Minis- ters ; that those Ministers were guilty of the grossest t'orruption, and were only staving oil' inc|uiry to keep themselves in ollic(> ; and that the issuing of a Royal Commission by Ministers to try them.selves was a farce on .Tirstiet> and an insixlt to the House in wh(»se hands the inqiiiry should hav- been allowed to remain. The plea j that supporters of the tJovernment were not i present was looked on as a mere subterfuge, as ; friends of the ( )|)position had had plenty of tinu? , to come from Manitoba, and it was charged that 1 siqiporters of the ^Ministry had been instructed , to absent themstdves so that this plea could be j raised with some di'gree of plausibility. The meeting was stormy and excited, and His Ex- , cellency came in for some share ot ])lame, one speaker comparing him to Nero fiddling while ! liome was burning. Having talked itself hoarse '\ without taking' any action, the m(>eting ad- ' journed until 7.80 p.m., when it anain met in the Railway Committee lioom, — a sugaestion of i Hon. Mr. Cauchon's that they should take pes- i session of the Commons Chamber being disre- ' garded, — and Hon. Mr. Cauehon moved "That | the prorogation of Parliament withoi;t giving the Hoiise of Commons the opportunity of pro- j secuting the inquiry it had already undertaken 1 was a gross viohitiou of the privileges and in- | dependence of Parliament and of the riu'hts of the peoi>le.'' Mr. David Mills seconded the reso- lution, which was carried iinanimously. Dr. I Forbes then moved, st>coiided by Mr. Cart- ' wriii'ht, "That in the opinion of this meeting, the House of Commons is tlie jiroper l)ody to institute and prosecute an inquiry into the pending charges against the Ministry; and the art of the Ministry in removinu' the inquiry from the HoiTse of Commons, and appointiim' a Commission of their own to try themselves, is a ; gross violation of the riahts and privileges of I Parliament, and it will be the imjierative duty ' of the House of Commons, at the lirst moment at which it is allowed to meet, to take the matter '• into its own hands and prosecute an inquiry." j This was spoken to ])y Messrs. Cartwriaht, A. J. j Smith (Westmoreland), Mc]»onnell (Inverness), ' Cunnmgham, Coihn, Groudge, Fiset, Hymal, i Yoiing (Montreal West), Jettt', Anglin, and Mackenzie, and Senators Letellier D(> St. Just and Christie, after which it was carried uiuini- moiisly. and the meeting di.spersi'd. i:]. — The news of the prorogation, produced the greatest excitement throughout the country, and the action of the Ministry ,j,,,^ ,,„.,,,., „(. ,,^,,_.,, in advising ]irorogation, and the -'''"""• conduct of the Governor in accepting their ad- vice were freidy commented on and generally condemned.* The poinilarity of the Grovernor- G-eneral received a severe wrenll laes.-' trc'iiei-iill.v hm.'' vury ncvcn! mi I-iiril ; Diiircriii : we ttivo tlic lollciwiim oxIriU't-- IVoiii llii' U'luliiiL' (HKiiriH in ' (Juclici' mill Ontitrin an iiiilil siicrinu'ii.i i " Vi'sti'i-iliiy, at O'lawii. an in't was pi'ipplraluil wiiirii i.- inMiialily tlii' groatost iiutvaKO nn liic ('oiislitiilicni wiiii'ii lia< iiciMiiTi'ii >ini'i' Oliver Crniiun'il iirilorc.l 'that liaiilile ' In lie t.iiii'ii .-iway." JLhiiiimI //.,■.,/./, i llili AnmiM IST'i. j '■ liiinl hiilVi'i'in lias, ill slmil, iliiiii' wliat tlie I'roiiiier iislie.l liin-. Me ; has iiiisseil a (treat i)|i|iorliiiiily iir^liiiwiiiK that he liail a niiiKJ nl' liis mvii, that he eiuiiil rise tn tlie iliiiaity "I' a ureal erisis. iliat he eiuilil ai'l in ! imttiPK ihiwii I'lirriii 'mi willi a linn liaml. It will lie a ili.iiintineiit j III .siiiiiu. hill ulliers mure hiniiiiiir Willi tlie |iasl eareer nl' Ijiinl UiiH'erin I have not Incikeil I'lir much at liis hamls." TorDiitn Wo'/' , lltli .\iiBU8t IST:!. Hi lii'l (iOVHIJVMHXT OP TIIK KAHl. OK Dri'KKRIX- TIIK UOYAL COMMISSION. Ibllowiiig' paraii'mph witli voffard to a Crovi'riiov- CriMipnil's duty towards his Ministers : " So long- as they arc maintained hy I'ariianient in their positions, so hniu' is he bound to give them his unreserved conlidence, to defer to their advice, and loyally to assist ihcm witli his counsels." That the Ministry still possessed the confidence of Parliament he had no reason to doubt ; their majority in the last Session had steadily in- creased from 10 on the Jirst vote to :j5 on the last, and even the full strength of the Opposi- tion as assembled at Ottawa, includinii' the twelve who usually supjiorted the Government but had siuiicd the -'memorial" was only 112. Three of the signatures were affixed by proxy, so that tliore were only actually 8!) present, out of a House of 200, and it was not claimed by the Opposition that they could muster more than one or two more votes. In fact it was a mino- rity of the nous(> endeavouring' to pursuade Plis Excellency to dismiss his legal advisers and take them instead — for. of course, a refusal to take the advise of His ^Ministers was tantamount to a dismissal. So strongly was this point felt that the Opposition papers claimed that '• a ma- jority'' of the House had memorialized His Excellency — but how they made 89 members, or even 98 as some papers claimed signed, a majority of 200 they did not take the trouble to explain. Another point raised was that Lord Huirerin ought to have dismissed his Ministers because they were charged with corrupt prac- tices : but if Governor-Generals were to adopt the principle of dismissing Ministers because Opposition newspapers charged them with cor- rupt practices no Ministry would evi'r remain twenty-four hours in office. This point is very fairly deatt with by Lord Dutierin in his des- patch of the fifteenth of August. He says : " It is a favorite theory at this moment with many persons, that when once grave charues of this nature have been preferred against the Ministry they become ipso facto unfit to counsel the Crown. The practical a]>plication of this princi- ple would prove very inconvenient, and woi;ld leave not only the Crovernor-General, but every Lieutenant-Governor in the Dominion, very ihinly provided with resi)onsible advisers, lor as far as I have been able to seiz(> the spirit of po- litical controversy in Canada, there is scarcely an eminent man in the country on eith<'r side whose character or integrity has not Ix'oi, at one time or another, tlie subject of reckl(>ss attack by his ojiponents in ihi' press." That Lord Dulferin was right in refusing to condemn and punish his Ministers l)efore they had l)een found uuilty there can be little doubt ; but that his Minist(>rs committed a l)lunder and !ire'\lly in- fluenced Pixblic Opinion against themselves l)y the advice they uave him is beyond (|Uestion. The general ])ublic is not given to lvou])lin!i' itself overmuch with nice points of I'arliamen- tary ]irivilege or of Constittitional practici' ; they only looked to th(> broad facts that over four months ago the 3Iinistry had been charged in the House of Commons with .sellinu' the Charter of the Pacific Railway; that lor more tliaii a j month letters and documents liad been before I the public, which, taken alone and without ex- planation, made out a prima facie case of guilty ; that it was in the power of the Ministry to have \ continued 'he Session of Parliament and had I those charges investigated, in some way, if I hey I had bt'en so disposed; and their disinclination i to meet Parliament was looked on as a proof of I guilt, and from the day of the pio''ogation of ' Parliament may be counted the decline and fall ' of the Macdonald Administration, and tlie over- I whelming defeat of the party at the polls at the General Election of 1874. CHAPTER XXXVin. (■'ovKiiX.MrA'ToF'niK K.\i;b or kcfi'KI.m.v- TIIK KOVAL CoM.Ml.ssioX. 1. ApI'oinTMKXT <>!•■ TIIHEl-; ,TfD(iKS. — 2. Hon. Mr. HUNTINdt'oN l!KKrT,>^i:s to AI'FK \\l liKKOUIC THE CoMMISSIOXKHS. — 3. TuE CoMMITTr.F. I'UiU'EEn.S WITH SUCH WITNESSES AS IT CAN OET. — 4. Siu Francis Hincks" evidence. — f). Sir Jiimn A. Macdonald's evidevce. — 6. Hon. H. L. Lanoevin's evidence. — 7. i i I ■ \\ i ' •: n I ;!!is iTTrr-Hs iiiSTouv or the dominion ok canada. l!ilH!l m Hii; Hicii AiJ-AN's KVIDKXCK. — 8. Hon. J. J. ('. AlilKiTT's KVIDKXCK. — 9. TlIK COMMIS- sidiNKiis ri:i'oi;t witikjt't ExruKssiNd an OIMNKIX. I. — On the 14ih ol' August, ]87-i, llio day Ibllowiug Proiottatiou, His Excelleiuy issued a .P„ui„,„„.„,„f,hn.,- l^oyl ("ominission to Jud-os ■''"''-'•■■• rolt'tto and Clowan. and Ex- Judad Day to iuvcstiuate the charges made by Hon. ^fr. Huntington, and to rrport to the Speakers of the Senate and Commons as well as the Secretary ol' Stale. A great deal oi' exception was taken to the.se appointments by the Opposition, on the ground that the Ministers should not be t"' by a Commis- sion appointtnl by ihemse.,.-,; and some oi' the Opjiosition papers even attacked the /ler- sonnel of the Commission, claiming that they were likely to be swayed by political con- .siderations. This was searcrly Just. Ex-Judge Day, Chancelhn- ol' McGill College, Montreal, had been tor many years one oi' the .Tudgis ol' the Superior Court of Lower Canada, and stood very high in his prolession : Judge Polette, of the Superior Court. (Quebec, and .Tudiie Gowan, County Court Judge for Simcoe, had been removed from i)olitics for many years, and both were regarded as gentlemen of unl)lemished probity and excellent legal knowledge.* The Conunission was issued luuler tht» Act Vic. 31, Chap. 08. — passed during the session of 1868 — ajiving the Governor-in-Council power to issue Commissions to ii-quire into public matters, &e. ; and exieption was taken to the Commis- sion on the ground that this sort of inquiry was not contemplated by the Act; but the Governor-General held that to be a purely • r,nril Duti'priii. in lii,< (Icsiuitcli nl' tlie I'lli "f .Vinriidt, to the EnrI of Kiiiiliei-li'.v. .^iiys (it'tlii'sv wullcincn :— ! " OiilycpiiL' 111 tlicni is |ii'i-"iwilly kniiwn to ine, viz. : .liidirc Day, who. us Chiirifi'linr of Ihc .^Idiill rnivcrsity, rcciivcd me on my visit to that instiliitiiin. Since tliul we liMve improveil our ai'iinaiiitiinee, mimI I liiive | no hesitation in statina, lioth Irom what [ know anil have leaint. that I ; have every ennlitlenee in .luiliie Iiay's hiirh sense of lionor, ea|iaeily nml j lirnme.".*. [ htn-e also eonpidoreil it my iliity to hatipt'y myself as to the j • iiiiililieations of the other two Keiitlemeii with whom he is assoeiatcil, ami 1 am in a imsition to inform \\\uy l.nrilshiii that tiiey are L'ener.iliy reirnrded ftf itersons of unlili'inislieil intenriiy, smiinl jiKlirment, ami ' professiiuail ahilit.\', while the lenrlh of time all three have lieen remo\'eJ from iiiilities free- lliem I'mm tlie siis|iieion of politieiil (lartiianshiii. " legal point on which he must take the advice of his legal advisers, tind, moreover, as the Act specially i)rovi House; but this was met })y the fact that the House was powerless to conduct the inquiry itself in the only manner which would be satisfactory — under oath — since the disallowance of the Oaths Bill; and that prorooation having dis- solved the Committee appointed by the House, the matter would have to lie over until Parlia- ment met again, which was most undesirable; and. moreover, there was nothing to .show that Parliament would appoint another Committee, for if the ^linistry was del'«'ated on a vote of want of conlidence, the nuitter might be allowed to rest there. On the other hand, the ai)i)ointment of the Comrniss.sion could not in any way aliect the riti'ht of Parliament to appoint a Committee of its own. and investi- gate the case )le novo, as if the Ivoyal Commis- sion had never existed. Under these cinixra- stanees, it appears that ]>ord Dutl'erin was perfectly justilied in ai)pointing the Commis- sion; and, although the Opiiosition press at- tacked the Commission, its appointment was generally approved by the public at large, who v.'ce anxious to have the truth or untrutK of these charges proved without further delay. 2. — The Commission was required to sit at Ottawa, and, accordingly, met on the 18th of August, and settled the manner ,, ., ,, ,. , ° ' Hon. Mr. Himtinntmi of proceeding, the examination bei-'ieVhe''''''''''' of witnesses being commenced •"'"""""■' • on the 4th of September, and continued until the 80th of that month. Hon. Mr. Huntington was summoned to appear before the Commis- sion, but failed to do so. In a letter to the Chairman of the Commission, Hon. Judge Day, under date 2(Jth of August, he acknowledged the receipt of a l(>tter I'rom the Commissioners, dated 21.st of Aiigust, requesting him t > furnish (loVKIf.VMKNT OF THE [".ARL 01' Dl'KFKFMX— TIIH IJOVAL COMMISSIOX. .■('.Ml a list ol' the witiies!sos ho dcsin'd to have examined, but dt'clincd to do .so t)ii the groiiiids that, the in([iiiry hiiviim- heeii instituted by him in the House ol' Commons, it was a l)veaih I of the privile^-es of that House for any otiier tril)unfd to attempt to interfere with that inquiry. In conclusion, he said. " I l)elieve that the creation of the Commission involves a breach of thai fundamental principle of the Conslitiition which preserves to the t'ommons the right and duty of initiating and controlling inquiries into high i)olitical oflences; that it I involves also a breach of that fundamental ' principle of justice which prevents the accused from creating ihe lril)unal and controlliiiii' the I procedure for their trial; and that it is a t'om- mission without precedi'nt. unknown to the Common Law, unsanctioned In' the Statute ! Law, providing, by an exercise of the Preroga- [ tive, for an inquiry out of the ordinary course of justice into misdemeanor cogiu/able by the Courts, and, con,sequently, illegal and void. ! Entertaining these views, you will not expct : me to act otherwise tlian in conformity with them, and you will be satislied that by my n(m- appearance before the Commission I intend no disrespect to the Commission, hut am mo\-ed by the same sense of public duty whi, \ ietor lluclnn. Hon. II. h. Liiniii'vin.C. A. l.i'lllanc.Sir.lolin A. .Ma.-.ioniil.l, II. m. 1>. I,. Jlacplier- 1 son, I'. C. Jlartin, U. Mcliuitv, Ktv. 1). Mu.Mulleii, llaniel (i. Alc.Mullen, The Conuni.-..iinn proc.u')l.< \vi!li :^nc-h witinj.<.st's a..* it can nut. were summoned and did not ai)pear were Hon. L. S. lluntin<.t(m,G.W.McMullen,C. M.Smith, Hon. A. 15. Foster, Hon. Thomas "McClreevy, John A. Perkins, tind (reorue Norris, jr. A si)ecial messenger was sent to summon Mr. Mc- Mullen, but that gentleman preferred making pv /larte statements to uiving evidence under oath, and did not api-car l)i'fore the Commission, ll will thus be .seen that the ptirty making the charii'e iigtiinst the tioveriunenl (Hon. Mr. Hun- tington) and the person on wliose statements he was suppo.sed to have acted (Mr. McMullen) gracefully avoided the test of an oath, and left the Commis.sion to uct at the truth of the mat- ter, if they coidd. without any help from them. This aave the iiivestiuation a very "one-sided" appearance, as the Ministers were put on their defence without any prosecutor appearing, and the public scarcely ])laced that coniidence in its labors which mii;-ht have])ceii expei ted had tlie party making' the charges aj)peared to substan- tiate them; still the Commission performed its labors very fairly, and the in\ estiuiition was alxmt as thorough as could be expected under the circumstances in which it was placed i)y I Ion. Mr. Huntington's refusal to appear. \Ve do not 1 propose to enter at length upon the evidence — j a lii'cat deal of which was of little or no impor- [ tance ; but will conline ourselves to a brief ' synopsis of that portion of it which l)ore most directly on the points charged by Hon. Mr. Huntington that the Government hiid made a i corrupt bargain with Sir Hixi>h .Mhin to give [ him the contract in consideration of his stiend- ing large .siims of money for eh'clion i)urposes. 4. — Sir Francis Hincks denietl most i)ositively that any sum of money had been mentioned by him in conversation with any- ..„. i,.MKi.< iii,.ci<..' one, as what he should exi)ect to '''"i'"''- get out of the contract, or that any such convm-- sation had ever taken place, Jle had never heard or known of any arraiiuemeiit having been entered into l)etween Sir Hugh Allan and the Government for furnishing money for election purposes, and did not know at the time Hon. I'otcr .Mitchell, I'. S. .Murjihy, linn. (i. iHiiinul. .laek.«on Hac, Hon. Henry Stanicif, TIiuiuuk While, jr. It "I V II !l1 I I Ml r' '• II ■ I; ill! 400 TITTI.KS IllS'lOJiV OK Till'; DOMINION Ol' CANADA. o)' the t'loctioii thill moiicy wsi.s hoiiiu' ruiiiislicd by Sir llunh. ilo I'liicied at leiii^tli into the oaily history ol' the lormatioii of a. C'oiupany to build the road, and said that hi- knt'W — and othor nirmbors ol' (ho (lovi'mnifni must lia\ o known — Ironi the I'act ol' Sir lluiih Allan coniiiii;' to Otlnwa u itli Mr. McMallen and other Anu^ricans, thai he was nciiotiatinu' with Anit'rii'an tai>ilalists. but hf did not know, nor did any other incndxM' ol' the Govornniont know, ol' the aiirccuicnl niado bftwci-'n Sir Ihmhaiid these ir(>ntlemen. lie was positive that it was not until some time alter tlie elections tiiat the Government decided to i^rant a t'liarter to a new C'onii>any ; the stronizest ellbrts of the Government had alwayss been used to ellect an amalgamation of the Inter-Oceanic and Canada Pacilic Companies, and it wa.s only after all these ellorts h;id failed thai it was determined that a new Charter sliould 1)0 ^ranted, aiul then •I'reat care was taken thai each Province should be rei)re.sented in the I'oard of Directors, aiul the members of the Doard should only be allowed ecjual (juantities of stock, and that oiiiees were lo be opened in each Province for the subf-'- • jition of stock, each Director beinii' only .li.-.^J to retain a small portion for hiuLsell ;■). — Sir .!ohi> A. Macdonald was examined on the ITth of September, and his evidence was in sul)stance as follows ; After the 'Mm.'.I"inim'- session of 1871, ^Ir. Waddini^'ton and some American capitalists had an interview with Sir Francis Hincksand himself on the .subject of the Pacilic IJailway. " We said, as a matter of ]-oliteness, that we were lilad to see that American capitalists were looking for investments in Canada, bnl that we couldnot enter into any arrangements or receive any piojiosit ions from anybody until after the next Session." Mr. Smith and Mr. McMiJlen were amongst those who called. He (Sir John) then spoke to several Canadian capitalists of this visit and said, that if Americans could make the enterjtrise pay Canadians ought to be able to, and that it would be a jiity if the enterprise fell into the hands of foreiancrs. Sir Francis llincks lu'xt saw Sii Hugh Allan, but without any arrangement with his eolleaiiues. Neither Sir John nor any of his collea<>ues knew that these American gentlemen had any conih'ction with the Northern Pacilic Railway. •' I thought tliat the I mo plan would be to endeavor to get up a sironii- Canadian. Company, in which would be represented the capital of the dill'erent sections of the Dominion, and after a body of Canadian capitalists was .so formed, they might extend to the United States, or to England, and I thouglit that it would frustrate thiit i)olicy, to have communieation in the first place with Americans." Sir Hugh Allan and these Ann'rican eapiialists next had an interview with members of the Ministry, about Octo])er, 1871, but being told that the Government was not prepared to acce])t any proposition mad(^ did not oiler any. He (Sir John) denied the statement in Mr. McMuUen's letter which was published on 18th July,) that he had met McMullen at the St. Lawrence Hall in Se[)tember and expressed the aiiproval of the (ioviirnment at the proposed arrangement with Sir Hugh Allan: he saw Mr. McMullen, but neither ai)proved nor disapproved of the l>roposed at tion, as the Government was not in a position to entertain any propo.sit ion until after obtaining the sanction of Parliament. The arrangement made between Allan and the Anu'rican capitalists roused a feeling of fear i in Ontario, especially in Toronto, that the roatl would get into American and Montreal hands, and the interests of Ontario be sacriliced. This led to the formation of th(! Inter-Oceanic Comi)any. II" (Sir John) par- ticipated iji the i'ear, whiih was becoming very great in Canada, that these American capitalists were seeking control of the Canada Pacific to make it subservient to the interests of the Northern Pacilic. and the whole Cabinet was of the opinion that American capital must be excluded. He then referred to the legislation of 1872. the incorporation of the Inter-Oceanic ^ — w hich was regarded as the Ontario Com- pany, — and the Canada Pacilic — which was regarded as the Quebec C\)mpany, — and the 1, but without •:i\vs. Neither les knew that uy coiiuectiou y. ■' I thought uleavoi' to get I whirh would the clitlereut ter a Ixidy of \ d, they might :. Eughiiul, and :hat policy, to t place with I and these itorview with )ctober, 1871, lent was not ju made, did denied the letter which he had met ICO Hall in )ioval of the gement with c^Iullen, but ved oi" the it was not in osition until liament. The an and the I'ling of fear ironto, that lerican and )f Ontario be : ation of the ' John) par- coming very m capitalists la Pacific to rests of the ^'abinet was ital must be > legislation itcr-Oceanic utario Com- ■ which was f, — and the / ■ in. *.-- ■ / .Z' 7 j^; ^#»- V .^^? J i^Pfc. A- M .\.. ^r tat 'i wJii*^-' M ■| V 1. ! i; i i , I i! I'' IhtSAVEO EXPRESSlVFOR BUTTLES HI5T0RV OF TKE OO.ViNiON THE SUR./i'O CES8AR4'5 liTwO COMs I '^ i. ^^' ' ^' ^m% I ill j II:'! ii^ '0. 'Il; (iOVKKV.MKNT ol' TIIK KAUL oK KIKKKKIN Till', liOVAL COMMISSION 101 piissiigi' of the (rovornmciit Act, aixihoiiziiig the tontiutt to he uiveii to eiilicr Coiiipaiiy, or to l)Olh iiuiiil^iunatecl, or lo a new ("oinpauy, and continued, 'The policy of the GoveruJiient, from the time of prorouatiou until now. I may say, has never varied, it was that an amalga- mation oi' the^se two Companies should he proeured il possible." It was felt that to each from the other Provinces, but the Canada Paciiic wanted seventeen members. On the question of the Presidency, Mr. Macpherson did not want it himself, but would not consent to Sir Hugh Allan having it, fearing that with his wealth and inlluence he would, in some way, admit the American capitalists w^ith whom he had been connected. Sir John's impression was that amalgamation would take place, and with that idea he w^ent to Kingston to look after his own election. While in Kingston he again saw Mr. Macpherson, and became convinced that it was no use attempting to conclude the amalgamation before the elections, and, therefore, sent the telegram, dated 2Gth July, 1872, to Sir George E. Cartier, which is included in Sir Hugh Allan's aihdavit (see foot note page 3S8). He exjilained the phrase, "This should be accepted by Allan," — with reference to his promise that the Govern- ment would use its influence in the amalga- mated Company to secure Sir Hugh the Presidency — to mean that he had heard that Sir George was losing favor with his Lower Canada friends on accoixnt of his supposed opposition to Sir Hugh Allan and the Quebec Railway schemes he was engaged in : and he (Sir John) thouuhl that the roncession of this point wouhl help Sir George in the Quebec elections. When he parted with Sir George at Ottawa, the latter udinu' to Montreal, and Sir John to Toronto, it was agreed that both should endeavor to raise funds amongst their friends to help in the ( )ntario elections, where it was experted that the contest would be keenest on account of the inllueiit e of the Ontario (lovernnn'nt beinu' limuuht to bear against Ministerial candidates, and the names of Sir Hugh Allan, Mr. Abbott, and otlusrs in M(jnireal were given Sir George as those of parties likely to sub.scribe. On or about the JJOth ol July, he received a letter from Sir Hugh Allan saying that he had entered into an agreement with Sir George E. Cartier.* This agreement was not satisfactory to him, and he telegraphed to that ell'ect to Sir Georue, and on the Slst July received telegrams IVora both Sir George K. Cartier and Sir Hugh Allan, .stating that the agreement with Sir George was withdrawn, and Sir Hugh Allan was content with the telegram of 26th July.f " That was the only arrangement that was ever made between the Government and Sir Hugh Allan, or the Canada Pacili<' Railway Company, which he represented, aiul I had no discussion or conversation in a contrary sense, either from Sir Hugh Allan or any member ol his Company, or from Sir George Cartier, from that time until this." That arrangement was that the whole matter should remain in abeyan(;e until after the elections, and then Sir Hugh Allan and Mr. Macpherson should meet and try to amalgamate their Companies. "With reference to the state- ment by Mr. McMullen that there had been * Set' Sir (icorvc K. CarlitT'.< loiter of ^itli ul' .July to Sir lliiuli .Alliin. in Sir lliigli Allan's alliiliivit, page 'W. Mo.vniK VI., .'tl.f letter written ynii sinee you uiuke uli.ieetion to it. and relie.s for biisi.i of Hrranitciueiit on your telenrain to me of wliieli I gave him eopy. .Matier." go on well here. Hope they arc ."ame with you. liun't think it i.-^ neee.«.sary for you to conic down here Saturday. 1 want to be out of town on Sunday, but will remain hero if you .«pocially desiro to ."ee nio. Answer. (Signed), (1. E. CARTIER. 48 ■I'l i 1 " hHh 1 mi ' Hi ■ ? 1 ' Im ' wH 1 ''fl ' w ' HI ; ■' 1 1 ii ,! 402 TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOMIXIOX OF CANADA. another agroemout inaclo on the 6th ol' Aiij^iist, \ he never hoard of any such agreement, and did I not believe Sir CJeoiae ('artier would have made any at-reemeiit without conisulting him. "Sir George was a man ol' the highest honor, and between liim and myself there were no political secrets, ar.d if ho had made any arrangement of that kind respecting th(> railway, he certainly would have communicated it to me." He then explained that alter the elections, efforts were renewed with a view to amalgamating the two Companies, and he went to Toronto himsell' for that pur])ose, and it was only after every effort in that direction had failed that the Government addressed itself to the formation of a new Comjiauy. He explained that the sole object of the Government was to got a Board of Directors who ])y their wealth, standing or ex- jierience in railway matters would command the confidence of the country, and gave the rea- sons for selecting the gentlemen to whom the Charter was subsequently given. In framing the Charter he said :" Every precaution that we could think of or that was suggested to us to prevent the Americans getting in either directly Ol indirectly so as to have control of the Com- pany, was adopted." With regard to election funds, he stated that when in Kingston he got a letter from Sir Hugh Allan stating that lu' would contribute S2r),000 to the election fund, to " helj) the friends of the Administration." He (Sir John) considered himself trustee of that fund, and did not use any of it for his own elec- tion. He then went to Toronto and engaged in the election contest there, getting pecuniary a.s- sisttrice where he could. He said, with refer- ence to these subscriptions; "In Canada we have not the same organization that they have in England. We have neitlier a Reform < ; . por a Carleton Club to manage elections, ry largely interested in ilways, and it was to his interest to get a Railway Parliament retiirned, as if the Opposi- tion got a majority they might ups(>t tht> policy of the last Parliament and spoil all their plans. The letter from Sir Hugh oll'ering to subscribe $2.3,000 for election purposes contained no terms or stipulations whatever. It was the only letter received on the subject. The §25,000 was received early in August, before the 24th. With reference to Sir George E. Cartier's allusions in his letter of 24th of August, to the conditions of his letter of 80th July to Sir Hugh Allan, Sir John stated that he had not seen that letter until after it was alluded to in the papers,* ho then saw it in j)ossession of Sir Huyh Allan, who he supposed had it and v, ould produce it before the Committee. Being shown copies of the telegrams and draft for $10,000 given at end of Mr. McMullen's statement, he said he had no doubt they were correct copies'; he had drawn for $10,000. Mr. McMullen had said in answer to a question put by a reporter of the Chicago Times whether he could prove that Sir John A. ^lacdoiuild was aware of the bargain ])i'tween Sir Hugh Allan and Sir George E. Cartier : •' I can. and will even show his telegrams, one admonishing Allan to shell out, because he had a big thing; another telegram declaring in the most positive manner that he endorsed the arrangement made by Sir Hugh with Cartier, and would hold himself bound by it. He con- firmed the bargain unreservedly." Reporter asks can you jirove that :* Mr. McMullen an- swers : " I will put witnesses on the stand who saw the telegram, one of them a very promi- nent man and a friend of Cartier's. I will name the man who wrote the second of thi'se transactions." In answer to this Sir John said : " I can only say that I never sent such a telegram. It is quite an untruth. I nev(>r sent any telegram to Sir Hugh Allan, saying that I endorsed any arrangement made by Sir George Cartier and Sir Huiih Allan. I cannot under- stand how the idea that I sent such a note or telegram got abroad, or how Mr. McMulleu corild have got the idea that I sent any such telegram to Sir Hugh, callinu' on him to shell out, for he had got a big thing. ' He did not know what passed between Sir Hugh and Sir George on the subject of this subscription; Sir George wrote him no letters; what little com- munication there was, was by telegraph. He (Sir John) declared distinctly that there was no understanding that Sir Hugh Allan was to receive any exceptional advantages from Ihe • TIuTO were two lottors from .Sir (icorge (•'. Cartier I" .'^ir Iln^'h Allnii iliiteil .'!nth .Inly. ISTlJ.ime iilrciiil.v (fivcii in Sir MukIi's nDidiivit, piiKO -WS, and tlii> ottipr will lio IoiiikI in his cviileiice hcliiro iho Cninini.'- si'ni, page 40.'i, For s(inn' (iino it wa.« fnpiKiscd that tlicrt* had hern a pnstsi'riipt to the pnhlished letter of llOth .luly whieh had heen erai^ed. Imt it wa.i discovercil that there were two letter.". ,ti , \' '1 •! It: i! „jiJii^' ILiliLt ilbii mm I ;! ■in4 Tl'TTLH'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OP CANADA. Govornint'iit, in consideration ol' any sub- scriptions ho iniulit mako. Ho oontiniied : '' I havo no doubt Sir Hugh Allan eavo theso sub- scriptions I'or the ono objoct oi" sustaining tho Govornniont and Ihoir Railway policy in oon- nei'tion with tho Pacific Railway, he boini>- assured that that policy would bo sustained with tho inlluonce and powor of tho Govornmont if it remained a (government." <1. — Hon. H. L. Langovin was examined on the ] Sth of September, and gave, in substance, jio„ ji. 1, the following ovidonco ; He i,angcvii,;evi.i ,„•<.. i,,,^,^^ nothing about any agree- ment between Sir Hugh Allan and American capitalists until he saw it in the newspapers. The mem])ers of the Govornmont, with the ex- ception of Sir Francis Hincks, had boon unani- mous in their opinion that American capital should be excluded, and Sir Francis had yielded when he found all the others against ' im. Ho denied in most unqualified terms tho charge that tho Government, or any members of it, had made any contract with Sir Hugh Allan, or any one else, with regard to the Pacific Eaihvay in consideration ol' furnishing funds for election purposes. AVith regard to Mr. McMullen's statement that Mr. A})bott had reported that ho had promised him (Mr. La'igovin) $25,000 lor his good will in tho matter of the railway, he said ; '• I may say first, that Mr. Abbott never told me that he was authorized to promise me $2'). 000, or any other sum. Mr. Abbott never promised or oll'erod me anything. Ho never spoke to mo of anything of the kind, and there- fore, in so far as I am concerned, that charge is false." With regard to money for election jiur- poses, he stated that during tho Session of 1872 he had a conversation with Sir George E. Cartier about election expi'iises. and it was agreed that Sir George should furnish him with a portion of the money he collected in Montreal to assist in the elections in Eastern Quebec. In conse- quence of this conversation ho received $15,000 from Sir Hugh Allan, which he said he had been requested by Sir George Cartier to remit to him (Mr. Langovin) for election expenses. Subsequently he received a note from Sir Hugh stating that on giving Mr. Abbott a receipt he would roceive .§10,000 more. He saw Mr. Ab- bott and declined giving a receipt, stating that if tho money was not a Iroe sift he would not receive it, and would return the $15,000. The $10,000 was afterwards paid without any condi- tions, and ho also received $7,500 or $7,000. the balance of election expenses, from Sir treorge ]']. Cartier. through Sir Hugh Allan. None of this money was used in his own election. His statements with regard to the determination of the Council with reference to excluding Amer- icans, to the steps taken to amalgamate the two Companies, and to tho formation of tho new Company, wore substantially the same as those of Sir .Tohn A. Macdonald, except that he was not personally so intimately connected with the transactions. He had no knowledge of any letter from Sir (roorgo E. Cartier to Sir Hugh Allan under date 30th July. 1872, except the one published. 7. Sir Hugh Allan was examined on the 10th. Ho road a statement giving an account of his connection with the Pacific g;^ n^,,,, ^\,|,,„.^ Railway, which was mostly simi- '^"'i'^^"'- lar to the alfidavit already given (foot-note, page 386), adding some particulars as to what the original scheme for building the road was. and fyling copies of his agreements with .!;■ / Cooke & Co., and other American capitalists.* There was nothing in the agreement, nor was it ever * W'o iimkc till) riilluwiiiK e.vlriii't fnim lii'^ oviilfnoc. to fli"W how it was iiitetnU-il to tiuiM thu I'oinl :— On iDokiitp: lit the repayment of these sums." The total amounts paid were Sir George E. Car- tier's Committee, $H5,000; Sir John A, Mac- donald for Ontario elections, $45,000 ; Hon, H. L, Langevin for Quebec elections, $;>2,(jOO, making a total of $102,600 ; besides this he paid $16,000 or $17,000 to assist .some friends of bvs own, and these sums, with the amounts paid lor preliminary expen.ses on the Pacific and other railroads connected with the enteri>rise, made his total advances about $350. 000. With regard to the construction sought to be put on these transactions by Mr. McMullen's letters, he said : "That with regard to the construction wliich appears to be intended to be placed upon the statements in tht? letter referred to as to the preliminary expenses connected with the Char- ter, I state most po.sitively and explicitly that I never made any agreement or came to any un- derstanding of any kind tn- description with I he Government, or any of its members, as to the payment of any sum of money to any one, or in any way whatever, in consideration of re- ceiving the contract for the Canadian Pacific. I declare that I did expend considerable sums of KM ill ' : ** Wi It*'-*"'"'" 40(5 TUTTLKS iriSTOi?V OF 'rilK DOMIXIOX OF CAXADA. moiioy in variou.s ways which appciivod lo mo to 1)1' advantiii^'Oims to thf ("ompany 1 liad or- Sfanizcd, and calculated to strenjithon my hands in cndcavoriiiii' to obtain the contract i'or that Conii)any, Imt that I did not on any occasion or in any way i)ay or ag'r"c to pay anything- what- ever to any nicmbor ol the Government, or to any one on hchall', or at the instance of the Government, lor any consideration whatever, in connection with tire Charter or contract. * * # * * And 1 state iurther, positively, that no money derived from any iund, or from any of my former American associates, was exjjended in assisting- my friends, or the friends of the Government, at the recent general elections." He maintained that hissnbseriiitions to the elec- tion iund had nothing to do with getting- the Pacilic contract, as charged by Mr. Huntington, as at that time. July 30th. notlunu- wa.s settled; and when the Charter was granted it was given to a new Company, of which he -"vas a Director, but in which thi-re were some Directors un- known to him and others opposed to him. With reference to tlie parties mentioned in his letter t)f listli l-'ebruary, 187:i, to Mr. Smith, mention- ing that $850,000 of stock would have to be dis- tributed (see foot-note, page 8S.5), he explained that lie had not obtained the consent of the gentlemen named to take the stock, and that it was never meant that they should have it with- out paying for it. With reference to Mr. ^Ic- Mulleu's statement aboirt the $S,500 advanced to Sir John A Maedonald and Sir Francis Hincks, he said that no such transactions took place, and he had no recollection of any con- versation of the sort with Mr. McMullim. AVith regard to the statement that Sir Fraricis Hincks had told him he would expect I.IO.OOO in cash, he said that no such conversation evt>r took place ; and that he never spoke to Sir Francis Hincks in his life about money, in this con- nection. He denied that he had ever paid AG.OOO to Hon. Mr. Ouimet, as charged by Mr. Mc- MuUen, and as to newspapers the only transac- tion he remembered was discounting- a note for $4,000 for one of the proprietors of the Minerve. With regard to the alleged indefinite loan of slO.OOO to Sir Francis Hincks, he said he had never loaned him any numey ; and of the au- thorized promise of s2o,000 t > lion. Mr. Lange- vin. that he had never heard of it until he saw it in the newspapers. With regard to the state- ment that after he had paid between $ir)O,000 and $1^00.000 he had refusi'd to advance any more unh'ss the whole Government agreed to the bargain and that Sir John A. Maedonald had telegraphed liis consent, he said he was absent from the Province the whole time and therefore that was iuipossible, that no money was paid without his knowledge and consent, and, therefore, he never could have made such a statement. In reply to questions, he stated that Sir h'rancis Hincks was the only member of the Cabinet who had ever favored tht> idea of employing American capital; and that when the people of Ontario began to cry out about it, the whole Cabinet then opposed it. In answer to the question, what was meant by the words, " the same conditions," and "the same terms," in Sir George E. Cartier's letter of 24th August (Given in postscript to Mr. McMuUen's nar- rative), he said : '• It was dilhcnlt to say what Sir George meant by those words. He was not a man with whom you could talk very much, because in all the interviews with him he generally did most of the talking himself, and you could with dilHculty say anything. I never understood exactly what he meant on any of these points. I was ciuite satisfied that he probably felt that he did not like to be under sirch very heavy obligations, and would endeavor at some future time to make it up by sul)scription or otherwise. I did not think that he had any very definite idea, and I did not think it would be done." He declared that he had no understanding with Sir George, or any other member of the GovernmiMit, or dm-ived from any other source, that he was to derive any advantage from the Government in con- sideration of his advances, and had not received any. He had never snbscrilx'd so largely to an election fund before, but exi)lained that he did so from a desire to assist the j)arty which he believed it would be most advantageous to the (iOVEIJN.MKNT OF THE KARL OF DrKFHUIN— THE PACIFIC SUA XI )A 1- •J(t7 llon.J. .I.r. AblM.tt u\ ideiioo. many t'litcrpviscis he was intercslocl in, to have remain in power. In reply to nuraerons questions, he maintained that there was never any other agreement than the first letter ol' 30th July, sifi'iiecl liy Sir Ueorge E. C'artier, which was subsequently withdrawn, and that that was what he referred to in his letter to General Cass and Mr. McMullen. He denied that there was any (ruth in Mr. McMullen "s statenu'ut thiit he had prepared any copies ol' telegrams, etc, and threatened to publish them. and that then the Government came to terms; or that he had ever received any telegram from Sir John A. Maedonald approving' of Sir George E. (.'artier's ag'ieenieiit, the only telegram he saw was disapproving of it. 8. — The Hon. J. J. C. Al)1)ott was examined on the lltth of September, and gave an account of his connecticm with the rail- way project from its inee])tion, bearing out in g<'neral terms the statement of Sir Hugh Allan. His account of the interview with Sir George E. Cartier when the advance of money was spoken of, was substantially the samt^ as Sir Hugh's, except, that he thought Sir Gi'orge added : " You know you wont lose it all. Our party will make up the greater part of what you give, but we want it now." His evidence with reuard to the efforts towards anuilgannition, the exclusion of Anu-rican capital and the for- mation of a new Company, corroboratt'd that of Sir John A. Macdonald aiul Sir Hugh Allan. He had no knowledge until quite recently of the telegram of 31st July, from Sir John A. Macdonald disapproving of Sir George E. Cartier's agreement of 30th July, and had thought at the time that Sir John approved ol' the agreement. With regard to the $8,r)00 and the $50,000 for Sir Francis Ilincks he knew nothing about them excejil what had appeai'ed in the newspajiers. With rt'gard to the $25,000 for Mr. Langevin, he said that he had never been "authorized to promisi> Mr. Langevin $2"), 000 to aid iu the elections about Quebec, on condi- tion of his friendly assistance," as stated by Mr. McMullen. He had had some conversa- tion with Mr. Langevin during the Session about Que))ec elections, and had promised that if an election fund was raised in Montreal he would endeavor to have a jiart of it ap- propriated to Quebec, as he did not think it fair, he (Mr. Langevin) should have to bear all the expen,se alone; but nothing at all was said aboiit the liaihvay, and indei-d, he always supposed that Mr. Langevin, as an ardent Lower Canadian, was in favor of the road which it was supposed would be most advantageous to that Province. He did mention to Sir Hugh Allan, that if an election fiuid was got up Mr. Langevin ought to have $25,000 out of it. but did not mention it to Mr. McMullen. Witness here stated that nearly if not all the papers published about the Facilic railway had been obtained by illegal if not criminal means, and especially the telegrams, letters and receipis publi.shed at the end of Mr. McMulleii's •• Narrative,'' which must either have been stolen from his private drawer, or from where Sir Hugh Allan jdaced them after they were given into his kee]nng. All the money payments with which he had anythina' to do, were $10,000 to Mr. Lanii'evin, $20,000 to the Central Committee, aiul $10,000 to Sir John A. Macdonald, which were paul by order of Sir Hugh Allan. With regard to Mr. Langevin's $10,000, he corrobor- ated that gentleman's statement, and said that he finally paid the money on his own authority withovit a receipt. He understood the expres- sions ''on the same conditions," and '-on the same terms," in Sir George Cartier's letter of 24th August, to refer to the letter of 30th July, which said that the sums so advanced should be recouped, fie was not present at any other interview, nor did not know of any communication between Sir Plugli Allan and any members of the dovernmeiu in relation to the .sul)scrii>tion of money for the t'lections. As far a'< he knew, and he had reason to believe he Avas in a ]K)sition to know as much as anyone, tlie subscriptions to the elections hail no in- ffuence whatever on the Charter. He never heard them alluded to. !». — The other ^linisters examined .supported the testimony of Sir John A. Macdonald to the l,\\ Ij ! 'll! ^ ! h' I'! 4()H TUrTLK'S IlISTOHY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. Till' (-'uiiHni.''.-iuiiei's ri'pnri niihiHiI t'.\)irr->iiiK iin 0))llli(IM. Ihcts of their determination not to allow the introduction of American capital, to the ni'gotia- tions lor amalganialion, and their rejnidiation of the charii'e tlu't any corrupt bargain had been made. The other evidence taken was mostly of an unimportant natiire, and nothing was adduced to materially sustaui the charges of Mr. Iluutimiton. The Commissioners, under the Commission issued to thi'ui, were instructed to report "as well the said evidence as any opinions which you may think ht to express thereon : '" but they did not '' think lit " to express any oi)inion, and merely reported the evidence, with the various documents fyled. CllAPTEK XXXIX. COVFRNMRXT OF TllK KAIiL OF DrFF[>]I{IX — l!KSl(iN.\TlOX OF TIIK MACDOXALl) .MIXlSTIiV. 1. Meetixckif Paiu,iament. — 2. The attitude OF THE Opi'iiSITION. — 3 The ,n busily used by the leaders of both parties in marshalling their forces, and the result was one of the largest — if not the largest — gathering of members which had ever assembled in Ottawa. It was felt that no more delays or subterfuges would avail on either side ; the country had been roused during the publication of the evidence taken before the Royal Commis- sion, as it had never been roused l)el'ore ; the Commission had declined to express any opinion on the evidence produced before it, and left that duty to Parliament, and all eyes were now turned towards the Capital, and the ver- dict of guilty, or not guilty, w^as anxiously awaited. 15oth sides were confic'ent of success ; but the Oppositijn had most reason to be so, for during the recess most of the members had had an opportunity of meeting their constituents, and the tone of public opinion w as so much against the accused Ministci'S that many members who generally voted with the Govern- ment felt that they would no longer be repre- senting the wishes of their constituents by continuing that support they had given in the past, unless the Clovernment could show a much better defence than had been made before the Royal Commission. Still it was. expected that the Gov(anment would be able o escape the vote of want of conlidence which it w^as certain would be made, by a small majority; and, after that ordeal was once, passed, they would, iin- doubtedly, be able to recover the confidence of some of their old supporters, and increase their majority. 2. — On the other hand, the leaders of the Op- position were confident, almost jubilant, and left not a stone unturned not .|.|,„ „uitmio „i the only to secure the presence and "''i"''^''""'- fidelity of their regular followers, but to gain new converts. In this latter effort they were highly successful. In times of great political excitement w^hen a change of Administration is imminent, there are always to be found a few disappointed or ambitious members of the party in power whose " convictions " are susceptible of sudden change as they find the party they have previoiisly supported losing the reins of power and their opponents gaining them. It has ever been the fate of Ministers to havt! some of their weak-kneed followers secede from them GOVKRNMKNT OF HAKL DUFFKRIN— RESKINATION OF THE MACDONAM) MINISTRY. 40'.( in thoir hour oladvortity — on the same princi- ple that rats lU'sert a sinking ship ; and Sir John A. Macdonald did not fir 4 himself an exception to the general rnle. Several of his ordinary supporters who were only " Kemon- strants " on the thirteenth of Augnst, had de- veloped into lull-pledged Oppositionists by the twenty-third of October, and it was pretty freely hinted that, in some instances at least, promises of reward for party infidelity were not wanting, and that those who had been unable to obtain the rewards or advantements they desired from the existing Ministry, were enter- tained with very ilattering promises by those who expected lo benefit by the downfall of that Ministry. There may bo a difference in morality between a candidate corrupting a constituency in order to gain a seat in Parliament, and that same candidate selling his vote for plane or othce after his election, although we are inclined to think the difference scarcely perceptible ; and while we do not charge that the Opposition corruptly purchased any of the A'otes which ultimately placed them in power, still it is cer- tain that several members who had uniformly oi^posed them for years, and even up to the thirteenth of August, suddenly became con- verted from the error of their ways in support- ing Sir J. A. Macdonuld's Administration, and received i)laces of trust and emolument imme- diately on the formation of the new Ministry. Without charging these gentlemen with being purchased — as the partizan press very freely did — we are still forced to confess that circum- stances certainly showed suspiciously against them. 3. — The opening was unusually well attended, both by members and spectators, the latter ;ri.c Speech i.„,,. .he ^eing attracted from all parts of ^'"'""'^^- the Dominion by the anticipated struggle, and l)oth tl. j floor and gallery of the Senate were crowded w'ith a large and lashion- able as.semblago. His Excellency, in his Speech from the Throne, stated that Parliament had been callt^d together, in accordance with his promise at prorogation, at the earliest possible moment after the receipt of the report of the 41) Royal Commis.sioners, and that "the report will be laid before Parliament, and it will be for you lo determiiu' whether it can be of any assist- ance to you." It was announced that the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, havinii' been unable to make the financial arraimemeiits they desired in England, had surrendered their Charter, which had been accei)ted, and that a measure for the pur[)ose of carrying out the agreement with British Columbia, and building the road, w^ould be submitted to Parliament. An Election Law was promised, as weli as an Act establishing a General Court of Appeal, and Acts relating to navigable waters, to the inspection laws, to in.solvency, and for the establishmt'ut of a Dominion Board of Agricul- ture. The Public Accounts were promised, and the announcement made that, 'the pros- perous condition of our finances continues, and the revenue has l)een sufficient to meet all charges upon it." 4. — On returning to the Commons Chamber the first business transacted was the introduction of new members, amongst whom .fi^^, ,, ,,, , were the six members from '"'■"''»'|'^- Prince Edward Island who took their seats for the first time, and were greeted with cheers from the Ministerial side of the House as th(>y were severally introduced by members of the G-overnment.* Considerable importance was attached to these six gentlemen as it was felt that in the close condition in which the parties were getting, numerially speaking, their voles might almost decide the support or defeat of the Government ; at the same time, although elected to support the administration of Sir John A. Macdonald and introduced to the House • Tho niiiiic of the .-ix representative.-- iiml their intrDiiueers are as fiilloH-s : lion. David Ii.iinl ((Jueen's). intrnilticeil hy tlie lion. Sir .lohn A. .Mae- ilonald.and .Mr. A. li. Palmer. lion. .J- C. I'ope (I'rinee). inlrodueeil liy lion. ,1. II. I'npe.aiiJ Hon. John Crawforil. .lame." Yeo (I'rinee), introdneed by Hon. IIukU Macdonald. and Hon. .1. IS. Uol)iri,son. Hon Peter Sinclair (Queen's) introdnceil hy Hon. H. L Langevin anil Hon. T. .\.(iil)bs. A. 0. Macdonald (Kings), introdueed by Hon. Peter .Mitchell and Hon. A. UoCosmos. Hon. Daniel Davies (KingV), introduced by Hon. Dr. Tu|iper, and Hon. •John Carlinir. :. 'H^ ii 410 TUTTLE'S IlISroHV OK TIIK DOMIXION OF ("ANA DA. I»l IViIxT- lai>l Oh the lal>li'. by lucmbiTs of the Ministry, it was iindorstood thiit on the subject ol' the I'arilic Scandal tbey jjioposed to t'xi'ic'isc an indopt'iidcnl judument and doeidi' on the eA'idente adduced more than I from a mere party standpoint. Mr. Apjilehy, newly elecled for C'arlcton, N. B., was al.so in- troduied by the Hon. A. J. Smith and Mr. Burpee (Sunl)ury) and took his seat with the Opi)osition— to whose ranks the former of these gentlemen was a recent acquisition. o. — It had been ruifiored that the Opposition did not intend to move a direct vote of want of confidence in the Uoveriiment. fearing that some of the Minis- teralists vviio had signed the memorial of the ; li5th of August, would scarcely support them in so direct a vote, but rather to raise a sort of side issue })y raising the question of privik^ge that the Prorogation of the 18th of August was a breach of the privileges of Parliament, a motion on which they could depend on the support of the Memorialists ; but if any such action was intended it was rendered inoperitive by the action of the I'remier in laying on the table immediately messages from His Excellency transmitting the papers with regard to the disallowance of the Oaths Bill ; papers relating to the prorogation of the 13th of August; papers relating to the issue of the Koyal Commission ; and a copy of a despatch from the Earl of Kim- berley, under date 0th October, in which he acknowledged receipt of the Governor-General's despatches of the loth and 18th of August, giving an account of the prorogation and the issue of the Ivoyal Commission. His Lordship's despatch concluded as follows : "Her Majesty's Government have read these dear and able state- ments with much interest. It is not their duty to express any opinion upon the particular measiiri's adopted on the advice of your responsible Ministers, but they fully approve your having acted on these matters in accordame with constitutional usage." The Report of the Ivoyal Commission was also laid on the table ; and it was at once felt that no side issue would be of avail, the Government had in ellect challenged the Opi)osition to question their conduct if they dared, and the question of confidence or non-confidence must be scpiarely raised. After th<^ submission of these i)apers, ' and a little routine business, the House adjourned until Monday, the 27th, when the great d'ebate on the Address was commenced. usual '' acres of our best lands. This was extruordinavy, nrt to say suspicious, and when the (iovernment sought to justify it l)y saying that it was neces- sary on a 'count of the ten-year limit of time, it looked as if that limit had been made as part of the plot to throw th(> control of this immense patronage into the hands of the Government. He claimed that unless there was seme o))ject to gain there was no reason why the Govern- ment should not have consi;lted the House W'ith regard to the contract. He then referred to the fact that the Government had put off the passage of a stringent l']lection Act, which would p'event bribery, and place the trial of Controverted Elections in the hands of the Judges, until after the genertil I'lections ; and argued that no (Iovernment would have done this had it not been intended to carry the elec- tions no matter what means were used. He relerred to the imperfect character of the In- terim Election Law, and the great advantages it gave to the Ministerial candidates in many ways, and said that in spite of all these advan- tages it was found that something more was needed, and that something more was furnished by the contractors for the Pacific Railway. He then quoted from the evidence of Sir ,Iohn A. Macdonald, befort> the Royal Commission, to jhow that he had instructed Sir George E. Cartier to call on Sir Hugh Allan for funds, and went on to argue that it was ridiculous to say that the immense contri1>utions of this gentleman had no reference to the granting of the Charter, but were simply given by him for the support of the party — a man who, by his own showing, never had a party, and had never e\ en voted but once. He proceeded to show by the evi- dence, that Sir Hugh Alhin was not a party man ; that he was a shrewd speciilator, and that it was only after an agreement had been k come to that he should have the contract, that he agreed to fiirnish money for the elections ;ind asked, '• what money do you want ! " He re- viewed the conduct of the Government with regard to the prorogation of the thirteenth of August, and the appointment of three Judges to take the evidence against them : and contended that from the evidence taken, it was clearly shown that the Government were determined to carry the elections at all hazards, and that they used the Pacific contract to gain their ends. He concluded by moving, seconded by Mr. Colfin, "That the following words be added to the paragraph : ' And we have to acquaint His Excellency that by their course in reference to the investigation of the charges preferred by Mr. Huntington, in his place in this House, and under the facts disclosed in the evidenct> laid before us, His Excellency's advisers, have merited the severe censure of thu Hoive." ' 7. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie spoke until six o'clock, and, after recess, was replied to by the Hon. Dr. Tupper, who said he s,H.,.,h,.rii„„. i.,.. rejoiced that his colleagties and '"i'"'"- himself had at last an opportunity of defending themselves in Parliament'against the foul asper- sions which had for months been cast upon them. He believed that not only had the Government been assailed in a manner unpre- cedented in history, but that there were motives behind that assault which would not bear inves- tigation. He claimed that the Government had remained in power by " bringing forward such measures as they believed would advance the prosperity, raise the character, and elevate the position of Canada," and had been met by gentlemen who were most iinscrupulous as to the means they used in their efforts to reach the Treasury benches. He claimed that the Opposi- tion had acquired thier majority in Ontario by ' ; wi* I!'' 'rt' 112 Tl'TTI-KS IIIM"UI{Y oK TIIK DOMINION OP (.'ANADA. t'hiiiiiiut^ tin- (iDVt'rinnciit with sarrilicMim' the iiiU'ivsts rodu>er — who were then absent in l']ngland, and for that reason he had added to his motion, " and if need be to sit afer the prorogation of rarliament," so that if these gentlemen did not return before the other Imsin- is of Parliament was concluded, the Comi/f'ttee could still continixe its labors. He had afterwards discovered that Parliament had not the power to authorize a Committee to sit after prorogation, and it was on that account that the House had been adjourned on the 28rd (jf May instead of being prorogued, so that the Committee could go on taking evidence after these gentlemen retiimed. He claimed that the Hcmse i)erfectly well understood and accepted the statement that the meeiing on the l;!th of August was \u h^' jiro forma ; and that after it had been so announced })y him, on the authority of the Governor-General, and aioepted by the House, it was not jiossible that any other course could be pursued. .Vs lo the legality of thi' issue of the U'oyal Commis.siou, he did not propose to speak, as the motion of the member for Laml>toii rendered that unnecessary ; he would, therclore, pass on to the evidence taken l)efore the Commission. He argued at .some length to prove the legality of the Commission, and blamed the honorable member for Shelford for not appearing before it, whether it was legally constituted or not, if he really wished to have a full im cstigation. He defended the Judges appointed on the Commission from the charges of partizanship made aaainst them; and with reference to the statement that witness after witness had been examined who simply knew nothing, he said that the names of the witnesses had been given to the Committee by the member for Shellord, and were called and examined in the order in whi.\ ol' TIIK M.\(l)(>\AF-lt MINISTRY. H:. Cook iV Co.. aiul every olhor Compiiny inter- ewteil in tile iNorlhein ruiilic Kailway, out oi any purticipution in the Canadian I'aeilif. He rlainietl that it was Ijecaiise he had done so that this attack had been made upon the (Suvcrn- nuMit ; and he rhHr<,'ed the member tor iShellord with being the agent of tho Northern I'acilic Kailway. and that he was elooted to his seal l)y alitMi railway inlluemes. He spoke of the strong' opposition whi< h he knew he should meet with in Ontario dnring th« elections on account oi' the Washin<>ion Treaty ; and said that the Op- position leaders had described him as a cross between Benedict Arnold and Judas Iscariot, bnt he was proud ol' having assisted in securinu peace to two great nations by that Treaty, and he should })e glad to have it recorded on his tombstone that he had been instrumental in ne- gotiating that Treaty. He entered at lenuth into the various eH'ovts which had l)een made by the Opposition in Ontario, and the cries which had been raised that he had sacriliced the interests ol' Ontario to that ol" the other Provinces ; that he was going to ruin the coun- try with the Pacilic Railway ; that he had given too much to \ova Scotia, cS:c., to show the dilii- cnlties which the Government had to contend against in that Province. He claimed that the Opposition had spent two pounds to the (rov- ernment's one. and challenged them to have a Committee ajipointed and investigate the facts. He charged that there were more members on the Opposition than on the (jOA'ernment benches who owed their seats to the nse ol' money, and alUrmed that he believed he could prove what he said ])efore any Committee the House thought proper to a])point. He then traced at length the course pursued by the Government with re- gard to the building of the Pacific JJailway claiming that after the cry had beiMi raised against the admission of American capital, every precaution had been taken by the GoA'ernment to exclude it, and l)laming Sir Hugh Allan for continuing to hold out hopes to his American partners after he must have known that the Government could not, and would not, grant a charter to any Company in which Americans were interested. He spoke of the visit paid him l»y Mr. McMiillcn and other rhjiago genllemcM about the lime of the uranting of the Royal Charter, and their comi>laints about Sir Huiih Allan's treatment of them, and said that he Iciok that as the best evidence that Sir Huiih Allan and his American associates had quiirrelled, and there was net danger of their being •interested in the Charter in any way. With regard to the action of Sir (K'orge 15. Cartier in Montreal, he said : " I do not wish honorable iicntlemeii to suppose for one single instant that I would desire to shelter myself or my living coUeaiiiies by throwing the blame on my dead colleague. Wliatever Sir George Cartier has done I will assume the responsibility ol'. Whatever Sir George Cartier has done I must adept as being the honest expression of an individual Minis- ter ; but. sir, I do not admit, and I will not admit, and it is not safe for honorable gentlemen opposite to admit, that any oiu' Minister can bind a Ministry." He declan'd that the only aareemeiit t-vcr entered into with regard to the granting of the Charter, as far as he was concerned, or as far as the Government was concerned, was the teleii'ram of the 2ilth ol July with regard to postponiim' the matter until after the elections aiul then bringinu' about an amalganuition of the Ontario aiul Quebec Companies. He charged that Sir Huuh Allan's letter had been bought from McMiUlen by the member for Shelibrd, (the charae was at once denied by Mr. Huntiim'ton), and then i)ro- ceeded to defend the course of the (iovernmenl after the 2(jth of July, sayinu' : '• There ui'ver was an occasion, there never was a minute, in which the interests of Canada were sacrihced by the Government of Canada for election purposes." He then proceeded to show ho v the Company to which the Charter was flnt.Iiy granted was constituted; how thirteen repres- entative men from the dill'erent Provinces had been selected, and how it was j)rovided tluit iu> one of them should hold more than $100,000 worth of stock; and concluded his address as follows : " If there is a word in that Charter which derogates from the rights of Canada ; if .it , li •I I 1 'ill! ] ii I 2M !■ 416 TCTTLIv'S IIISTOKV OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA. thcrt- is any iiiuliie privilego, or right, or l)rei)on(lt'ranct' given to any one of th(>se thirteen Directors, 1 say, Mr. Speaker, I am condemned. But, sir, I commit myseM', the Crovernmcnt I'ommits itself", to the hands oi' this House, and far J)eyond the House, it commits itself to the country at large. We have faithfully done our duty. We have fought the battle of Confederation. We have foixght the battle of Union. We have had Party strife setting" Province against Province, and more than all. we have had in (he greatest Province, the preponderating Province of the Dominion, every prejudice and sectional feeling that could be arrayed against us. I have been the victim of that conduct to a great extent , but I have fought the battle of Confederation, the battle of Union, the battle of the Dominion of Canada. I throw myself upon this House ; I throw myself ui)on this country ; I throw myself upon posterity ; and I believe that I know that, notwithstanding the many failings in my life> I shall have the voice of this country and this House rallying rotind me. And, Sir, if I am mistaken in that, I can confidently appeal to a hiulier Court, to the Court of my own conscience, and to the Court of Posterity. I leave it with this House with every confidence. I am equal to either fortune. I can see cast the decision of this Hoiise either for or against me, but whether it be against me or f'oi me I know, and it is no A'aiu boast to say. Sir, for even my enemies will admit that I am no boaster, that there does not exist in Canada a man who has given more of his time, more of his heart, more of his wealth, or more of his intellect and power, such as it may be. for the good of this Dominion of Canada." 12. — Sir John A. Macdonald was followed by Hon. Mr. Blake, who spoke until half-past two in the mornina", when the Hoitse .Mini,«ir.v. (iuiii> i>r ud|ourncd. Oil the 4th the de- bate was resttmed by Hon. Mr. Blake in a lengthy speech, in which he con- demned the londuct of the CTOveruinent, and sought to show the very intimate relations which existed between them and Sir Hugh Allan. The debate was continued by Messrs. Cameron (Cardwell), Pope (P.E.I.) and Dodge who supported the Ministry ; and Messrs. Laird, Hagar, Smith, ( Selkirk ), and Davies, (P.E. I.) who supported Mr. Mackenzie's amendment. The House adjourned at 1.30 on the morning of the 5th. By this time it had become evident to Sir John A. Macdonald that he had lost his majority in the House. The determination of the Prince Edward Island members (except Mr- Pope), to support Mr. Mackenzie's amendment, added to the defection of some of his usual supporters on whom he had depended — notably Mr. D. A. Smith — had turned the scale, and he now saw that he would be defeated on a division, and that Mr. Mackenzie's vote of want o'' confi- dence would carry. Under these circumstances, he decided not to await the issue of the vote, but, on the morning of the oth ol November (the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot) he j)laced the resignation of the Ministry in the hands of Lord Dutf'erin. and Mr. Mackenzie was sent for to form a new Administration. . The announce- ment was formally made to the House by Sir John A. Macdonald, and to the Senate by Hon. Mr. Campbell, and both Houses adjourned until the Oth, and on that day to the 7th, when the for- mation of a Ministry by Hon. Mr. Mackenzie was announced, and Parliament was prorogued. So ended the cele])rated '' Short Session, ' and so died the Macdonald Ministry, after having been in power in the old Province of Canada and in the Doiiiinion for nearly twenty years. The fact of the resignation can hardly be taken as a plea of guilty by the Ministry to the charges made against them by Mr. Huntington, and it may be argued that the case was not absolutely proved, and that Sir John, finding many of his old friends and supporters could not support him on this question, resigned to spare them the pain of recording their votes against him ; and, further, that by their not so committing themselves they would be at greater liberty to give him their countenance and sui)port again on matters of iicneral polic'y in which they agreed with him. However that may be, the fact of the Ministry not daring to test the House and take a vote, ed by Messrs. I.) and Dodge Messrs. Laird, ivies, (P.E. I.) amendment, ie morning- of me evident to had lost his erminatiou of rs (fxcei)t Mr. amendment, of his usual ied— notal)ly •scale, and he on a division, -'ant o'' confi- numstances, of the vote, )veniher (the >t) he jjlaced Hie hands of was sent Ibr e announ<'e- ouse by Sir ite by lion, lurned until hen the for- ;kenzie was oii'ued. So and so died ig been in and in the | TJie I'act of as a plea 'ges made it may be ly proved, old friends in on this « pain ofj d, further, elves they I hnn their nailers of vith him. Ministry ie a vote, W ft*- .'< , '• t- ' ■' ■ ^ ■ ■ ".■ "'ri'* :■:■ ^Ji' ■ <^ '■:':■"- *,>■ ■. ,;■ v ^> -: ' ■■ ■ * -<»« -hk 'sr^. ^s.- ,# .;<:»."■ a^-^ % K'!' ^i -j^^*" ml I ' i I '1' I': :■' I .'.ion Cn : : I ; -, ■ ■ ■ ■• ! to a sT'-a! ■ 1« of (V'lir.'i! itiittle ol Til ■ 1 . -Vi]{ Tljji'll t!u ' 'his oum.--) , i I!!'! I l>l>'il>lC r ; iia, . ' hi! till' (1 ■ ("»»!»<*» '■i'.riA my---' ■'■ ■■ th\i J ka in^rs ir; 1 can sc. i .ision ot ■' ■iiiici lur or again.:.! rj:-.', imi wheUiev .('•' !•!. r.r 1 .r UK' 1 know, and it it, no , t'oT even ray «nemifts will •< tK'U th>^r«? doi>'< urft ' " u'iveii nion^ ol" • ■■ ■■ M s vvi-ttltb, vli at' it uiiniou 0? Ui.llJ. ■ 'iy sjM'pi.h, ill .I,-,.. .r r>v '"^ ■ . >)K <'A.N'.AD.V. I ' ' '' ite vva« oiitiiiucd b\ Mo.ssrs. ■■■ (' n:fi>v..:i), Popft (P.J5, r.) and Doda'c , r>n'trd ilu' .Mini.slry ; md Mo.-isr«. Laird, )' ■ i .. . "'inif.h, ( Selkirk ), KXtiportt^d iJdr. Mfto.konaie'h amoiidim^ut. ■' ''■-■■ Hoasp, adjoxirnt'd at lUO'-ii th • inoruiiit! of ■h. B> thl^: tiinc il had !)e''onu' e\-idii.MM uiui 1; f htu lost ids ."•ity- iii t}ii> lluuv.' I'ho dot.-rmiii.iH'in ot [[ i'ni.i-.- fv' '>'.' ; :i ,!ui inenrhiirs (i-xryjil Mr. Mo- k. r.siip'.s amondment. (if his iisvirii - , udi'd — )iuTubl\ >.lu«d \'i iii . \Lr: D. A.. Smith -}i«>; '. uu.d t!ii> s.-aii;. and h-> u)W .saw tLiithf^ would bi-i<'il;i!..l oiin ilivi.sir>ii. n?.^o's vvil(> of want of i;onti di'uci- wonld carry. Undoi liii'vi- cir'-uiiislan'-os, he dp,idwl not to await th..- . ..-n.i oi iht- voli-. ■-• nionuiigof theoth'il Novi'inlur (t!i«^» -- of the Guupowd'M' Plot) )n> idaccd • n of thf> Miuuvtcy bi i]>.' hic-id, o'- ..^i-d Dutlerin, and Mr. Mftok-^uzic. \. ' Ut-W Admin !:»!'■ ■ : • U u. , . u !i,;ll tS. ; : ■■ (y by i "'.(.i l,,'ii; ■ A , ', and i'Hrliamt'nt \ • .»d.;d tilt' cidolnated " Short. ivtsM' the M.iodouald Ministry, aiier h.^..,- i...; ■), pi.nver in the old Piovimo of Canada iuuj. m th. I^ominion foi noarly tw»;nty years Tht! fact ,i th.> r. aR"n;i ■? iiuui-n Alt Jxardly hf X:\kon n> a [d.ja > V tlif Miuitttry to Ihi' v^harjve.-' nutdo by Mr. Iluut,inj?icn, ana it m ly b«> ie casi> was not ahaulut.-ly provd. -■" ' ^ •' •b'l, hndiii,i,'-jnunyof hi.so! I fl■i.■n(i^ ;'«' ''tMM>"H."' '•h>ir volfs against him.; ttud, td-rli.?. '..( *:■, :)'ir not m ■ "inuutiiuR- th'-m«i;]v.s th.-, ould ln) fd groaUsr Jiljerty to givo hinj *'; . nutennh., and r,rpjio?i atjstn on nmr tl ;.(di(?y in whi'- ' ■ -..d «,vitii ...,,» ' ■ *'i ■' ■!- ^" tbi' Minis!!'' p| taki' a \Mi.' ■ > •niil Dodav ^'•'•^srs. L,,ir"' losf his :' • '•-. ■..,!. i ,V[,. '' 'lis usual -l"'I -JlOTillilj "'■i'i' . iuid h- 'iUI' (.-.'■ i:0!l|l i'i 'he \-/it,.. Vfinli. r (;j,^» ') ii'> i'luo'd 'iand.s ol . .-■•))( l.sr ■■ itllliOVUH'c- K i.VVJ, II. iUid JH fh.. rht. fa.. ■., ;-.'■'• 'ii: -If if n< »y be .V 1'1-OV ■d. ' 1 I'lU'lK.^ 1* 'ju ;. li^ ^ Iniiii .-r i. IV Iv... ih \\ mil (' .11 1( hh , ( ^UllllsU- V ' T V;)l ^&m I GOVBRNMRNT OF EARL DUFPERIN— RESIGNATION OF THE MACDONALD MINISTRY. was claimed by the Opposition as a plea of guilty, and the vote of the country at the next general election endorsed that opinion by an overwhelming majority. Judgi' ^ from the evidence alone and from the statements made by honorable gentlemen on both sides, it would not be fair to say that the charges of Hon. Mr. Huntington were sustained ; nor would it be possible to say that there was no ground for them, and that there was not at lease some por- tion of truth in them. Sir John A. Maedonald, Sir Hugh Allan, Mr. Abbott, and others inter- ested, all swore that there never was any bargain of any kind by which money was to be advanced for the elections in consideration of Sir Hugh Allan getting the contract ; that the large sums spent by Sir Hugh were expended because the policy the Crovernment had in- augurated was what he considered best for the interest of the Dominion, and most likely to benefit the many and extensive commorcia) enterprises in which he was engaged. On the other hand, we have the fact that it was only after Sir George E. Cartier had agreed that the Canada Pacific Company should have the con- tract, in the event of an amalgamation not taking place that Sir Hugh agreed to advance any money to the members of the Government for election purposes in compliance with the request contained in Sir George E. Cartier's second letter of 30th July. It is true that the first letter was withdrawn, at the request of Sir John A. Maedonald, but the second letter] was not, and payments were made on it for a month after, and it scarcely seems probable that so clear-headed and shrewd a business-man as Sir Hugh would have gone on advancing such large sums after the withdrawal of the first letter of the 30th of July, unless he had some reason to believe either that that letter would be renewed, or that he would gain his object in some other way. He, however, swears that he had no bargain with any member of the Gov- ernment, and as the member with whom the bargain was supposed to be made — Sir George E. Cartier — was dead, there was no evidence other than that of inference to show that there 50 was any other bargain than that proposed by Sir John A. Macdonald's telegram of 2t)th July, which showed nothing corrupt, or at all com- promising to the Government. Taking the evidence therefore, as it stands we should be inclined to arrive at the Scotch verdict of " Not Proven," which, while admitting that there was not evidence enough to convict, at the same time acknowledges that there was evidence enough on which to suspect. That Sir Hu^^gh Allan gave $162,600 to Sir George E. Cartier, Sir John A. Maedonald and Hon. Mr. Langevin. for elec- tion purposes, there can be no doubt ;* nor is there any doubt that Sir Hugh Allan was one of the parties to whom the Charter was eventu- ally granted, although he did not get as favor- able terms as he nad previously expected ; still, although the inference is very strong, the posi- tive evidence is lacking, and in the absence of that, and in the face of the sworn testimony ' Sir Hugh Allan and others that there was uo bargain, we must give the accused the benefit of the doubt, and admit the charges '• Not ProA'^en." It is a sad commentary on the poli- tical morality of Canada, to be forced to allow that Ministers of the Crown came so near being found guilty of the crime of selling a great public work; but there are two crumbs of comfort left, one is that there was no charge, indeed no suspicion, that either Sir John A. Maedonald or his colleagues sold the Charter for any personal advantage, but only for fimds with which to corrupt others — a nice distinc- tion, but still one of some significance. Bribery at elections was scarcely regarded as an oftence ; both parties resorted to it freely and almost openly ; and the second crumb of comfort to be gathered from the Pacific Scandal is that the * On ir.y rotiirn, I found that the limits of imyments which I had flrst ngroed to had been excoeded, and, with subi^equoiit advunocB, they finally stood as followm— To Sir Geo. E. Cartier's Conimittoo SW.flOlt To Hon. Sir John A. Maedonald, towards election oxpensoa in Ontario 4d.(XX) To lion. II. Ii. LanKovini towards electoral ex- liensex in Quebec 32,600 Total *l()2,ii()0 Sir Huifh Allan's evidence l)efore Koyal Commission. [ i !: -IIH TrTTFJ-rS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. exposure of the immonso proportions to which this systom ol' hvilxM'y had aUaincd, openod the eyes ol' the piil)lic at hirsie to its cnonnity, and prepared the way for thv passage of a more thoroimli Ek^tion Law, and very severe Acts a! discus.-^ions. j — ,"). Dominion Ijoard ok Tuade. Tiiikd day's I'ROI'EEDINGS. — »j. WliECK OK THE '. " AxiiANTIC." 545 LIVES LOST.— 7. OTIIEI! MaIUNE DISASTERS. — ,S. BuENIN(i OF THE "Bavarian."—!!. Fihes.— 10. TiiePoi'e-M.vc- DOXALD EETTEK. — 11. OtHEK EVENTS OF THE YEAR. 1. — The important event of the year 1S73, was par e.tcel/enre " The raoiilc Scandal," which we have already dealt with at con.sidt'rable length, and it only remains to notice the changes in the Ministery which preceded and followed the j defeat of the Macdonald Administration. Quite | a number of ciiaiiii'i's took plai)ted the Presidency of the City Bank of Montreal. His successor to <'hnn(r('s in the Caljintt. the portfolio of Minister of Finance was Hon. Mr. TiUey, Minister of Customs, whose portfolio was taken by Hon. Dr. Tupper, Minister of Inland Revenxxe. On the fourth of March the Hon. John O'Connor. President of the Privy Council assumed the portfolio ol' Minister of Inland Revenue. On the li'st of ^lay, the Hon. Joseph Howe, Secretary of State for the Pro- vinces, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia; and on the fourteenth of June, the Hon. T. N. Gibbs and the lion. Hugh McDonald wi>r(> sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Secretary of State for the Provinces and President of the Privy Council resi)ectively. The death of Sir George E. Cartier having made a vacancy a general change of portfolio's took place on the Iirst of July which left the Cabinet as follows : Rt. Ho.n. Sill Jdir.v .v. Mai iioNAi.ii, K. (J. li.. Miiii>tiT of .liistico, (Promiii). IIo.s. S. L. Tii.i.KV, < '. li., Milli^t^■l• of FinaiKC. Hon. I'ktkii Mitcjjei.i,. .Minister ,>l' Mariiu' ami Fislioilos. T-I(i\. .\i.K\.\NiiEit Ca.mi'HKI.i., .Miiii.'itrr 111 llir IiitiTiiir. Hon. II. I.. La.vokvin. C. B., Miiii.-stir u{ Publk' Winks. Hon. .1. C. AiKINS, Setivtiiiy of State. Hon. CiT.Mii.Ks Tiim'Kii, C. I!.. .Minister of Customs. Hon. .Inns II. Pope, Minister of .Vfrrii ultnre. Hon. .Iomn 0'CoN.Nr:i, Postniiistei- (ieneral. Hiix. TiiKoDoiiE R^ililTAii.LK. R<>ec iver General. Hon. T. N. (Imius. Minister of Inland Ijevenne. Hon. Hi cm McDonald, Minister of Militia and Delen< c. 2. — The portfolio of Secretary of State for the Provinces wtis not filled (the Department was abolished by the Act of 1S73. „ ,. ,,, creating the Department of the '^''"i''"'!'' Miaisiry. Interior), and no other change's took place in the Cabinet until the day of the resignation of the Ministry — fifth of Nf)vember — when the Hon. S. L. Tilley was appointed Liexitenant- Governor of N.'w Brunswick ; and the Hon. Hugh McDonald was appointed a.Iudge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. At the same time Mr. John Crawford, member for West Toronto, was ai>pointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, and a very larii-e number of other appointments were made, which caused much dissatisfaction amongst the inconiini>- party, but most of the ajjpointees were undisturbed, and only a few removed. On the seventh of Novem- cc was IIou. lose portlblio Ministor of if March the f the Privy Miiii.st(>r of ay, tho lion, for the Pro- (rovernor of ith of June, Hon. Hugh Council and e Provinces resj>ectively. tier having if portfolio's liih left the istcr of .Iii.stice, sliL'iies. ioi-. •inks. ■ll'IKO. tatc for the trnent was iriliuii ii! ihc /it' .Ministry. V place in liiiatiou of -when the ieulenant- thi" Hon. iilge of the the same for West overnor of of other sed much party, but uhed. and f Novem- (iOVERXMKNT OF TlIM KAHL OF DUFFKmN— IMMNt'll'AL KVKNTS oF IST.i. U!l ber, the new Mini.stry was sworn in and appointed to oilice as I'ollows : Ho.N. Ai.E.\A.\i>Eii Mai KK.NZiK, M. v., (intaiio, Minister of I'lilplir Work.s, (I'rcniici). Hd.v. A.VTiiiNE A. UoHiii.N, M. I'.. fjMi'l'ci-. .MiiiistiT of Justice. Hon, EnwAiiD lii.AKK, II. 1' , Ontario, without portfolio. Hon. Ar.iiKiiT .1. Sjurii, M. I'., NVw UriiiiHwick, Minister of Miiiiue and FislHiies. Ho.v. Lnc Letei.likk m: St. .lusr, iSLimtor. (Jiirliec, Miiii.stcr of .Afiriciiltme. IIo.v. IticiiAHi) .loiiN Cautwuk.iit, M. I'.. Ontario, .MiTiistur of I'iniiiice. Hon. David I.amid, M. I'.. I'liin c F.ilwarcl Island. MiiiisttT of the Interior, Hon. David Cmiiistik. Senator, Ontario. Sei retiiry of State. Hon. Isaai- Bluckk, M. P., New Brunswiik. Minister of (.'ustoins. Hon. DoNAt.o .\. MAei)ONAi,D. M, P.. Ontario, I'ostnmster-General . I Hon. Thomas Coffin, M. 1'.. Nova Seoti.i, Utcoiver General. j Hon. Tfei.Esi'iioiiK Koihnikii, XI. P., Qiiebee. Minister of Inland I Revenne. Hon. William Ross, M. P., Nova Scotia, Jlinister of Militia and Defence. Hon, Kiciiaiiii W, Scorr. Senator. Ontarin, without portfolio. The portfolio of President of the Privy Coun- cil was not filled until the 20th January, 1874, when the Hon. L. S. Huntington was appointed. A few days previously (on the 9th) the Hon. David Christie was appointed Speaker of the Senate, and the Hon. Iv. W. Scott took the port- folio of Secretary of State. On the ;51st January, Hon. Mr. IJlake resigned, so that the number of Ministers was reduced to the usual number, thirteen. The formation of the new Ministry was somewhat severely criticised by the Con- servative press, and the inconsistency of Mr. Mackenzie, who had always opposed Coalitions in taking Messrs. Coffin and Cartwright into his Cabinet, was pointed out ; while it was also thought strange that Mr. U. W. Scott, Commis- sioner of Crown Lands in the Ontario Govern- ment, ishould be called to the Senate and sworn of the Privy Council, and still more singular that Hon. Mr. lUake should accept a seat at the Council, without portfolio, thereby increasing the uiunber of Ministers to fourteen, while he had always contended that the number of Min- isters was too liu'tre, and should be reduced. However, althouga there was some criticism, there was little opposition, and all the new Ministers who had to go to their constituents for re-election were returned by acclamation, with two exceptions. 3. — The fouith Annual Meeting of the Dominion Board of Trade was opened at Ottawa, on the 1,5th of January, repr.- ,, i,,,,,,, h,,,,,,, ,,f sentatives from seventeen Boards '''"''■ ""' ''""• of Trade being present.* Mr. Henry Fry, of Quebec, was elected President and Mr. W. H. Howland, of Toronto, Vice President. The first discussion was on the tarilf qin'stiou, I Mr. Morin, of Montreal, making a motion to the I efl'ect that the time had come for ti revision of ; the taritl", and that it shoidd be so revised that the duty should be taken off the prime neces- saries of life ijnd raw materials, and a heavy duty put on articles of luxury, or such articles as enter into competition with our own pro- ductions; but that such increase of duty should not exceed the amount required for the public service. Mr. Wilkes, of Toronto, olfered the following resolution as a substitute : •' That this Board, having considered the mode by which the revenue is levied, believes that the time has come when a revision of the sources of revenue should be considered, and it recommends to the Government such modifications of the duties on such articles of dtiily liiod and clothing as will reduce the cost of living to our popiUation, thereby encouraging our industries ; and that a revenue of at least one mill in the dollar be •I'lio fiilliiwiiiK is 11 li.. II. .Mi'l.eni ;, .lohn Kerry; .\nilruiv Rubcrlson ; 1... E. .Moriii : Ilnn. .Inhii Voiini.'. MoNTKKAi. CoKN KxeiiANoK. Me.-si>. M. P. Kyiiii : \V. W, OxiUio; Thiiiniis White : R. S|in«it: 11. Ijibelle. ToiioNTu UnAiii) or TuAiiK. Messr.-i. Rehert Wilkes: W. II. Ilowhiinl ; .Jiihii .Merrisen: 'L'hniiiii^ Leo. Ottawa Boaiu) of Tiimik. .Messrs, K. Mi'iollivriiy : 1-'. Cleiiiuw ; Williiiia I'l'iiiKiek ; llmi. .Iiiiiics Skeiul. (JiKiiKc- lioAKii "F TiiAiii;. Messrs. R. R, Duhfll ; Henry I"ry : X. Praser; Juliii Heche, •St. llvAci.sriiK IJoakii of Tuaiik. .Messrs. ,\nt"ine .Maynaril ; Luiii.« Cote. TliUKK RlVKIIS liOAIlll OF 'I'llAHK. II. .Mel)oill.'.lll K>||. KiS'osrox I'oAiin ofTiiamk. Messrs. . Ii.liii I'arriithers; W. Ii. Siiniisun; William lliirtv. SoUKl. lioAlill OF TUAIlK. Ii. II. Ihillllley Ksii. Wixiisoii lioAiiii OF TuAiiF. tiaiiies IIiiiikiiII Ksij. IlvMIi.Toy lioAiiii OF TliAhF. Messrs. W. Mcilivcriii: S. K. lireuery. liOMiov lioiiiii OK TiiAiiK. Messrs. .Idhn Walker; Tlininas 'fhniiijpseii. St. .Ioiin's, (iiie. ISoakd of Tkadk Mcs.^rs. Charles Lioiu'ellicr : .l.iiiius Mel'hcrson. Halifax liovlili of Tiiahk. Mes.-rs, C. Thniiiipsun ; .luhii T. WiMe. St. John N. I!.. Mes.«rs. T. R. .Junes ; .1. A. llar.linK ; R. ,S. lJe\ehcr. Sthatfoiii) UoAiii) OF TiiAiiK. Thoiiias Daly, Ksij. Lkhis UoahI) of Thaiik. ,1. II. Siniianns Es.i. Ii I l:it» Tl ITI-KS lIlSToiiV Ol'TIIK hO.MlNloN ol' (AXA DA. Ii'\ icd on the iiii;>V()\ oro(>r spirits and tobacco." Mr. imiach niov -d an amendment to the ellect tiial the principle of incidental pro- tection was a nouiid one, and that a return lo the -JO tarill'ol' ISalt, with alterations to protect manul'artures, would be beneiicial to the (•ountry, ' This amendment was neuatived It! voliiiLf I'orit, and •>•! anainst. Mr. Walker, of London, moved an amendment to the eli'ect that the Board was in iavor of maintainiim' the 15 , tarili': and that if the (iovernment needed mortM-evenue, it should be raised I'roni articles of luxury ; " and tiiat lliis Hoard is of opinion that i)ermanencoin tlie iisca! i>olicy of the country is most important to comniiM-ce and manufactures." After some ; debate, Major Walker's amendment was carried by 40 to it. 4.— (.)u the lilth. a discussion arose on the motion of Mr. Kirby, of Potrolia. that the Excise duty shotUd be taken oil" petro- Dcuniiiimi l!o;it'il 111' , ., . ,,. ,, , . Tr.i.i.-. .■;.con,i ,in.vv leuui. Major \\ aiker moved in amendment, seconded by Mr. M. r. Kyan, that no chana;e in the Excise duty on petroleum l)e recommended, which was adojited by -v) to IS, A resolution in favor of improving the St. Lawrence canals was carried; and one in favor of recommending improvements in Kinii'- i ston harbor lost on division. Two resolutions with reference to improvements in the harbor 1 at Quebei', and in favor of enlarging the Kiche- lieu river navigation and canals were discussed, bu' I'terwards withdrawn. A long discussion toL.v place on a re.-iolution with reference to the iial)ilities of common carriers, introduced l)y Mr. \\. 11. Ilowland, of Toronto. The principal point of the discussion was the signing of receipts for giv(>n quantities, '' more or le.ss," and there was a considerable ditteience of opinion as to whether it w ould be in the interest of trade lo have the existing system changed, on account of the increased cost and loss of time which it would involve. At the same time, it \vas felt that merchants were, to a ureat extent, at the mercy of the railways and other ','ommon car- riers, as there was no means of compidling them to pay for shorts when receipts were signed 'more or less," allhouLili the deliciency might iiave occurred throuu'h negligence while the goods were in transit. J'^nally tht^ matter was referred lo a si)ecial committee. ;■). — On the seventeenth a resohitiou was introduced by the lion. John Young, and carried, to the clfccl that as the ii..iMiiii.ii ii..Mivi"f N, ,, , ,. ri. , I. ,1 Irhlc. riiiril Dii.vs' alional hoard ol 1 radc ol the rnuiiMiiims. United States, had instructed its Executive Committee to memoralize ('oiii>ress in favor of appointing a Commission on the subject of Reciprocity, the Executive Committee of the Dominion Board of Trade he instructed to petition the Dominion Parliament to appoint a similar Commission, Mr. Morin moved a reso- lution ill favor of the Pacific Railway, to the ellect that that portion of the line running on the north shore of Lake Superior should not be built at present, but the road to be completed to the Sault Ste ^larie, and tliere connect with the .\meri''an systimi, by means of a bridge across the St. ^lary K'iver, a l)ranch line from Winiiip(>g to Pembina, connecting the western section, and then the road to be built from AVin- nipeg to the Pacilic. Hon. John Young read a very long and elal)orate i)ai>er on the advantages of this route to the I'acilic, aiul on the means of utilizing the "magnilicciit water stretches "' of the North-west: after which Mr. Thomas White, of Montreal, moved an amendment, to the elFect that as the Board was not in jiossession of the r(>ports of the exploratory survey, it did not feel called on to exi)ress an opinion as to the route, which was carried. Resolutions in favor of re- st rictina- the carrying of deck-l)oards, of protecting sailors from crimps, and for continu- ing the Insolvency Law were carried. A discussion took place on the question of recom- mending the passage of an Act reqiiiring the inspection of butter, cheese, &c., in the course of which Mr. Morin said that Canadian butter could only lie sold as urease in England. The resolution was withdrawn. A resolution was ! adopted that the Government should be peti- )■ way (if New York. A resolution in linor ol' j ri'p»'uliii,i>' the ten jx-r cent, tax oil lea iini>orted from (he I'liited Slates was laid on the tahle; ; and after passiiii;- the usual votes of thanks to retiriiils trading' to Canada ; but tlu^ one lireal disaster of the; vear WllM-k iif .--. 1 • i r Till' Miiriiii." winch lar surpassed all others in M.-> liv ■ losr. exti'iit was the wreck of the Steamer "Atlantic" of the White Star Line, on Meaiiher's Island, in the County of Ilalilax, Nova Scotia, at a ([uarter i)ast three o'clock on the morniui^ of tlie lirst of April, by which 54;') persons lost their lives. The "Atlantic " was a mas>'niliient iron vessel 3,700 tons measurement, 4L'0feet length, 4(1 iMOths breadth; :!] feet depth, (deiiiinlly finished, and considered one of the linest steamers crossin<>' the Atlantic. She left Liverpool on the 20lh of March, and Queenstown on the 21st for New York, in command of Captain James A. Williams, having on board ■Mi cabin, and 87(1 steerage passengers, and a crew of 14L making i. total ol Ooi' souls on board, amongst whom were upwards of .'150 women and children. The ship had fair weather \uitil the 2Cth of March, when she encountered a heavy- gale which lasted three days, and greatly impeded her progress. On the 3Lst, while still 4(i0 miles from Sandy Hook, Captain Williams discovered that he had only 127 tons of coal left, or barely enough for thirty-six hours consumption.* At this time, according to his reckoning, he was 170 miles from Sambro Light, and he thoui>ht it most pnident to change his course and make for Halifax to get a fresh supply of coal. At one o'clock p.m., on the .31st 'U WiH ."liown iit till' iiivi'sliKiiliiin wliirli tcM.k iiImoc tliat the vos.''el left Li\crp(iol with U'.-^s tliitri (liirtccn diiysstiiiply of coal, whit'li wu..' ooii.**!- ilercil ;ilto«etlK'r itiinli'tiunli' lor » trip :^c^os.^ tlu' .Atliititic jit tliat purioil of the yciir whun voynite." ari' frc'iiieiilly si'vi'iitoon il:cy.-< iiuil more. the vessel's course was chtmged. and at ;!.I") a.m., on the morning;' of the lirst of Ai)ril she ran, bow on, upon a rock about lifty yards distant from Meagher's IslaiuL Iler bow re- mained fast, but hi-r stern swung round to the eastwiird, and in ti few minutes the ves.std turned over on her side, her deck facing sea- wards and beinii' almost perpendiculiir with the water. Hundreds of the unfortunnte i)assengers had hurried on deck immediately after the ves.sel struck, and numbers of these were s\vei)t into the sea l)y the keelinu' over of the vessel and drowned. A number m;in;iiied to cling on to the side which was uppermost and uain the riggina', from whi<;h the majority of them were afterwards rescued, but so sudden wtis the disaster th;it hundreds were drowned in their l)erths, and it is a melancholy fact that out of one hundred and lllty women and nearly two hundred cliildren only one boy — .Tolin Heiidely, eight yeiirs old — was stived. Shortly after the vessel struik .some of the f)liicers managed to pass a rope to the rock and some of the crew and passenii'ers made theii' way alonii- it, and were afterwards rescued from the rock by the people of Meagher's Island, but tilmost sis many were drowned in trvinu to reach the rock as were sa\ed, and nutubers became niiiii.ied by the cold wind and pray while clinging to the rio-oing and droi>ped into the sea. An investi- gation was held, when it was .shown that Captain Williams was considerid)ly out in his reckoning, and great carelessness was exliibited by the fact that Sambro Light had not been siiihted, al- though the night was line and it could have been seen from the spot when the vessel struck. The certilicate of the Captain was sirspended for two years, and that of the fourth (jllicer, Ihown, who was in charge at the timt> of the accident, for three months; but the greatest indiunation was felt at the nigaardness of the Comi)any, which by sendiim' the vessel U) sea so shortly supplied had rendered a change of her course necessary, and, so exposed her to a danger she would otherwise have escaped. 7. — The total number of casualties reported to the Department of Marine and Fisheries for ilji ..iiiil^ i 422 TITTF-K'S IIISTOUY 01' TlIK DOMINION OF CANADA. Illliir 111:1111 ili^ii-hT-. loss oi' 7s|t iivos, ami piupcrty to thi' viiliu' oi' 8 -,'>^''>-i>s;!, but these n'tiiins arc by 110 luciiiis coijiplt'ti', iind tlii^ loss, t'spcriiiUy ol' lilt', was probaHy much greater. Amoiii>' the inost serious disvsters was the loss of the steamer G'vori^e S. W'riiii'.l. (hu'iiiL>' a snow slorm in Janu- ary, in Queen Charlotte Sound, 1). ('., while on her way I'rom Orenou to Sitka, by wliieh all hands, :!i) in number, were lost. What was almost a repetition ot the Al/iintir iiorror ot - curred about mid-day on the 5th of July, when the steam.sliip City nf Wnshiiiiiion, I'.sTO tons, ol' the Inman Line, on her way irom Liverpool to New-York, with -Jit cabin, and 442 steerage passengers, and a crew ol' !•!!, went ashore on the reel's oU' little Point Ebert, Shelbiirne County, N.S.. and bciime a total wreck. l''ortunately, tlie accident occurred in broad day-light, in smooth water, and near the main laiul. so that all lumds were lauded safely. The vessel and cargo, however, valued at nearly !$.^00,000 became a total loss. Tho A'essel had been in a i'og I'or nine days, and the compass had deviated considerably, which accounted lor the accident. but the nujster's certilicatc was suspended for a year on account oi' liis having neglected to take soundings when crossing the Banks of New- foundland. Amongst tho other los!'( were the barque Comviissinner, from. Pictou to Bermuda with a load of coal, ten lives lost ; the liarque James W. El well, of St. John, N.B., burned at sea, ten lives lost ; barque Thornhill, from (Juebec to Liverpool, stranded on Manicouagan Shoals, 17 lives lost ; steamer Pictou, from Quebec for Pictou, N S., burned in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 20 lives lost. On the 24th and 25th of August, a very heavy gale raged along the coast of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, and throughout the Qulf of the St. Lawrence, and a large number of small coasting vessels were driven ashore, fifteen were total wrecks, and nearly one hundred lives were lost. 8. — The loss of life and property on the inland waters of thi> Dominion was not .so heavy Tiurnin.ur.he '^^ iu provious yoars, the only very serious loss of life being ' ItaviU'iiin. occasioned by the burning of tlio steamer H(inirian,ot' the Caiuulian Navigation Comi)any, about eight o'clock on the evening of the 5th ot November, nearly opposite Whitby lighthouse on Lake Ontario, while al)Out twelve miles from sliore. The lidvariiia was a new vessel which only commenced runniii'' in the Spring of 1873, but her engine and walking beam were old, having been used in thi' Kiii'jcston for about eighteen years and taken from that ve.s.sel after she was })urned in 1872. The Bnvitrian was an iron j)ad«lle-wheel steamer, 427 tons, and left Toronto at 5 p.m. on the evening of the 5th of Novt'mber, havinu' a crew of thirty-four and six passengers, three ladies, two gentlemen and a })oy. She had a i'ull cargo, amongst which was some t\venty barrels of high-wines. After she had proceeded about thirty miles, the walk- ing beam })roke and part of the machinery in falling stove in the l)arrels of high-wines, and the contents running into the furmxces at once caused an imnu'use conllaiiration. The greatest panic thereon ensued ; and although there were three boats c ipable of holding twice as many persons as there were on board, and the vessel had upwards of 200 life preservers, the panic was , so great that just one halfoftho.se on b' ard perished. The pilot seized the life boat, capable of holding thirty per.sons, and with a crew of six and two passengers pulled for tho shore ; the first officer got thirtei-ii into a boat capable of holding twenty-live and also pulled away, leaving three ladies standing 011 the deck praying to be saved ; the Ca))tain jumped overboard and tried to save himself on a pail-rack, but was drowned. Of the six pa.ssengers four were lost, three being ladies ; and sixteen of the crew. With anything like the commonest order and presence of mind every soul on board could have Ijcen saved easily, as the night was calm and fine, the boat accomodotion ample, and the shore not far distant. Another accident which might have proved very disastrous, on account of the cowardly conduct of the Captain, was the grounding of the steamer Louis Renaiid in the Lachine Rapids, near Heron Island, on the (loVKI.'NMKNT ol" TIIK KAI!I, ol' Drn'KlilX— Pl.'INCl I'A I. KVKNTS Ol" is; r.'.i Firua. eveiiiim' ol' tho 12th ol' Miiy. There were about 150 pas!seiiiiers, iiichuliiii? many women and children, on l>oard, and a crew of twenty- seven, but all were saH^ly landed on Heron Islaiul. In this case also the olfleers behaved very badly, the I'liptnin, John Rankin, sei/ing the life boat the moment the vi'ssel struck, and, with only four persons in il, althoutih it would hold twenty, nuiking for shore — from which he took good care not to return. Thanks to the exertions oi some of the passengers all were safely landed, but the vessel aiul eariio y)eciime a total wreck. !>. — The year 1h7;} was not dislintiuished by a large numl)er of destructive conllaii'ations. but some of the lires which occurred were very extensive, and involved considerable loss of life and property. Amonu'st the most important was the burning of tho Court House at Quebec, on the morning of the 2iul of February, whereby an immense quantity of title deeds and other leijal docii- men^s, tou'ether with many valuable records of the Colony from its foundation were destroyed. In the building were the Appeal, Superior, Circuit, Vice Admiralty, Quarter Sessions and Police Courts ; and the Crown, Stamp, Sheriff's, Registrar's and other offices, and the Advocate's Library, considered the most valuable in the Province, all of which were consumed by the llam-'s. The pecuniary loss was con.->iderable, but the loss and inconvenience caixsed by the destruction of so many valuable documents was much greater. On the -^Ist of January, the Branch of the Bank of British North America at Renfrew, Out., and several adjoining buildings were burnt and three persons lost their lives. On the 17th of March, a lire occurred in the St James" Hotel, Montreal, doing damage to the extent of $20,000 , and five persons were either .sullbcated or killed in jumping from the windows of the l)urning building. On the 6th of May, twenty-seven tenement houses at Cote St. Autoine, near ^lontreal, were burned, and nearly one hundred families rendered home- less. Bush fires raged in the Ottawa district towards the end of June, but were not as extensive or destructive as in former years. 10. — During the time of the excitement iiboul the '• Pacific Scandal, " while everything- the fiH' fr.|.« .Mii.'.i M ^'••vernment did was viewed '"'"'''■ with susjiicion, and, if possible turned to their disinh aiitagc by the ( ti)p()sition press, an oecurri'iice look place which caused much comment al the time, and very nearly led to the condemnation of an innocent man on the evidence of two American " Experts" in haiid- writin<>-. The ollice of Flour Inspei tor at the j)ort ol' Montreal had for som(> yciirs been held by Hon. John Vouii'u'. \\ iio held his appointment from the IJoard of Tracb', and who was paid by fees. During the session of IST:',, a general Inspection Act was passed which vested the appointment of all liispectors in the hands of the Governor-in-Council^tlie Flour Inspector at Montreal Iteinii' appointed on the reiommen- dation of the Board of Tradi-. Hon Mr. Young represented West Montreal in the House of Commons, and it was held that his retention of the olfice of Flour Inspector — which had been recommended l)y the Board of Trade — would l)e an infringement of the Independence of Par- liament Act, which excludes any member of the House of Commons from holdinii- any olhce of profit or emolument in the gift of the Dominion Government. Mr. Younir's friends tried to raise the cry that he was threat(Hietl with dis- mis.sal because he supported tlie Opj)ositi()n, and that his being a Member and Flour Inspector at the same time, was not an iul'rini^'ement of the Act l)ecause he received no salary, but was paid in fees by the parties whosi' gooif.s he in.spi'cted. The nuitter liad already attracted considerable atteraion when, on the 4th of Sep- tember, tlie followiim- letter — witli displav heading, and Editorial comments as to the •'corruption" it showed — ai)peared in thi- Montreal Ilernid : Ottawa, 1st September, 187^1 My Dii:.vR Pope, I want you, l^el'ore we take any steps about John Young's appointment, to see a])out the selection of our candidate for West Montreal, . t. JiM\ t vn TITTIiK'S IIISTOIJV Ol" TIIK HoMINloN ol' C.WAhA. From till I Clin It'iini Willi;nii Woikiimn would run tl»c Ill's). Hi' will vriv liki-ly ohji'rt, hut, if ho is the IicnI innii, you oauoasily hint to him, that ir hi' runs lor West Montri'iil, mul carries it, \v»' will considiT ihnt he Ims w <'l:iim to iin »'arly seat in the Si'iiato. This is I hi' i^rcat ol)j»>ct ol" hi-s aiuliition. I don't think wo should taki' any stops ahout lilliny ui> the appointmont until wo havo our oandidato ready and all competitors out ol' tho liold. Thoro will ho snuu' dillieulty in uetting A. A. Stovensnii to ronsi'ut, hut I supi)oso it can bo dono. Will you seo to this at onco :" If our candidate is ready, then wo must take tho iii'cossary stops to procure Young's resigiiiitidu, which, I am pretty sure, ho will send in when he llnds that, it' ho does not do so, we will appoint aiu)thor Inspector. Yours sincerely, (Signed,) JOIIX A. MACDOXALD. The publication oi' this letter caii.sed much excitement. The ( )ppositiou press claimed that it disclosed an attempt on the part of thi? Ministry to coerce a political opponent into resignini>- his .seat, aiul the iutontion of making a corrupt bargain with a friend, by promising hiui a Senatorship, to induce him to spend money to secure his election. On the other hand, tho Ministerial pre.ss was loud in its denunciations of tho Oppo.sition for "Stealing'' and publishing private correspondence. An invesiiaation into th(> manner of tho letter coming into the possession of tho piabli.shors of tho Herald was opened bofoi'o Police Magistrate IJrehaut, on the fifth, and Hon. Mr. Young, Mr. E. a. Penny, Editor of the Herald, and others examined. From tho evidence it appeared that the letter was addressed to the Hon. J. H. Pope, Minister of Agriculture, and mailed in Ottawa by Sir John A. Mac- donald's Private Secretary, on tho niu'ht of tho 1st of September, that it reached Montreal on the 2nd, and was seen iu the Post Office by one of the clerks, but none of the clerks ri'membored delivering it. or knew what had l)ocome of it. Hon. John Young deposed that on taking his letters out of his box at tho Post Office, on tho .'rd, he fouiul an envelope addressed to him, on oponinii' which ho found the letter, without an envelope, and around it was a slip of paper bearinii' the words "For- warded by a friend for information of Hon. Mr. Y'ounii. " He knew nothing of how it canu> to bo in his box, or who sent it to him ; f)ut, after a consultation of tho leaders of the ()i>position had l)een held, it had lieen decided to publish it. Susiiicion, of course, fell on the Post Oilice clerks, but nothing further was discovered at this time, and tho eiKjuiry droi)ped. Al'ter tho accession of the Mackenzie Administration to power, a Commission was ajipointed, consisting of Messrs. ])ewe, Parmalee and Mereior, to examine into the management of the Montreal Post Oilice, and tho investigation into the nuitter of the Popo-Macdoiudd letter was resumed. Tho (jUestion of haiulwriting was gone into very fully aiul every clerk in the office was made to copy the envelope and slip into a book, which. l)Ook, with tho envelope and sliji, was sul)mitted to Messrs. Paine and Uncb'rwood, two Anu^rican Exports, who soon discovered that tho handwritinu' on the slip and onv 'ope agreed with that of ^Ir. T. L. Palmer, ("liiof Clerk in tho Delivery f)ranch, Mr. Paine going so far as to swear positively that the slip and envelope were written by Palmer. Palmer was susjionded, and would have boon dismissed and disgraced, had not the real culprit been forced by a friend to whom ho had confided his secret, to confess his oil'enco and save an ii...ocont victim. It then appeared that the loiter on its arrival in Montreal had been sorted by mistake into the box of tho Militia Department, of which Colonel Pope was Storokivpor ; that a mes- senger named Boyes employed in the Depart- ment went for the mail, and finding this letter opened it, road it, and forwarded it to tho Hon. John Young, lloyes sent his confession in writing to the Commission, and put them in possession of collateral evidence to prove his assertion, and loft for the United States before any action could bo taken aii-ainst him. 11. — About one o'clock in the afternoon of nil t'livt'lopo lifti hi- loiiiul 11(1 iirotiiul it words " For- i of lion. Mr. )\v it CD me to in ; l)ut, a Iter 10 OpiJosition 'd to puMish It' Tost {)(Ii.-e li.srovorcd at il. Al'icr till! lininistriitioii appointed, irrnalt'c and nat^cmont ol' investii^ation lonald let tor handwritiiiaf { clork in tho lopo and slip ^nvolopo and Paijio and [■•<, wlio soon on tho slip f Mr. J. L. ory hranch, ► v^positivoly wrilton })y and would d, had not I'riond to to confoss victim. It irrival in IvO into tho of which at a mi's- ho Dopart- thi.s lottor tho Hon. if. 'ssion in It thorn in prove his at o.s before n. Ic rnoon of GOVKRNMKNT OF EARt; DrPFRRIN— FIRST HKSSION THIRD PARLTA-NfFXT, 1«7». JlT) the lyth of May, one of tho most torril)le . TlIE BuDQET.— ^0 Hon. Dk. Tuppeu's strkti'kes ON the i .NANflAL ST.VTEMENT. — 11. TUE Electiok Till. 1. — It was only mittiral to suppose that Mr. Mackenzie Would take an early opportunity of appealing to the .ountry, and, „i,,„|„n„„ „,• accordingly, Parliament was i'">-ii">»^''"- dissolved on 2nd January, 1874, and writs for a General Election issued. Tho Opposition press was very irate at the dissolution, calling it '• Tho Outrage," &c., but it is hard to conceive how Mr. Mackenzie could have done otherwise under the circumstances under which his party had suceeded to power. One of the main charges against the Macdonald Administration was that it had corrupted a large portion of the electors, and that upwards of thirty of its supporters had " bought their way to Parliament with Sir Hugh Allan's money ;" if this was true it was important that the independent electors in those constituencies should have an opportunity of returning other persons instead of these corruptly elected members. Again, the people had a right to pronounce on the Macdonald Admhiistration that judgment w^hich the Royal Commission had declined to give, and which had been evaded in Parliament by their resignation. I'ublic confidence could not be expected in any Government, after the events of the past few months, without an appeal to the people ; and Mr. Mackenzie showed that he appreciated this fact by advising that appeal. ill \ \i\ 'i! ^iti iil'l'i ,-li i -Hid TITTLH'S llISTOliY OF TIIK DO.MIXIOX OF CAXADA. 2. — Mr. Mackenzie may be said Id have appealed to the coiuitry almost without a poliey, Klfl'linll. except that of a coudemuation of the Paeilic Seandal. On other j lioiiits he was uuarded, and made few promises, j With rep-iird to the, raeilic Railway the policy of the new Clovernnient would he that I'aith would not ho kept with British Columbia, but that the road should be built as soon as the finances ! of the country would permit of it, and after full surveys had been made. Meanwhile the Government proposed to utilize " the magni- licent water stretches" of the cresentative for U'imouski, took the Oath, sinned the roll, and departed as safely and quietly as he came. It is said that he remained (|uile some time in Ottawa with ■ II I I'l.sCWlKTt'. 'iri;i' llriiwn, nl' wh" ini>-it'ri lu Wn-liiiii-'ti'ii wo (iT;it 'slud in the (lOVKnXMKNT ()!•' KARI, DUPKKHIX— IMJJST SHSSION TlllKD I'A Hl.l AM KNT, ISTI. 127 MlplicinlH I'Npcl liirl. his I'litMuIs, but kept vt-ry u(>d the roll, 80th March, Mr. Miickcii/ic Bowcll madt> Iwo niotioiis ill the House, one I'or the attendance oi' the (.'lork ol' the Crown in Chancery to provt» that Riel had been returned as duly elected lor Provencher ; and the other I'or the appearance at the bar ol' the House ol" Hon. 11. .1. Clarke, Attorney- General ol' Manitoba, to prove that the (J rand Jury oi' Manitoba had found a True Bill of murder asiainst Kiel, and that he was a I'uuitive I'rom justice. Hon. Mr. Clarke was examined at great length at the bar ol' the Houst', and showed that a Bench-warrant for Kiel's arrest had been issued, liut he had not been arrested. On the !lth of April Mr. Mackenzie Bowell gave notice of a motion to expel Kiel as a fugitive from justice; and, on the lilth, he made his motion for expidsion. lion. Mr. Holton proposed an ameudnu'iU to the ell'ect that as the House had ajipointed a Committee of investiga- tion into the troubles in the North-M'est in lH(j',l-70, action should be susi)ended until that Committee should report. Mr. Mousseau moved an amendment to the amendment to the ellect that it wc^ld be most coiidm ive to the jieace and tranquility of the Dominion that an Address should bi' i)res(>nted to Her Majesty praying for a geiu'ral amnesty for all oil'eiices committed in the North-West in 18t!9-70. 6. — Messrs. Mousseau and Baby, spoke in favor of amnesty ; and Messrs. Kochesler, Orton. ii„„ .M,., .M„..k,.n.i.. (iordon.White.(Hastiiigs),\Vhite, :;i";i,:;"u:,v;:rno;:;:' (Kentvew), Davies. wri-ht, (Tou- Kiei L..xi...ik.,i. ,j,^,.j .^„,| rickard, in favcr of expulsion. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said that the Grovernment liad to face the question, and he desired to state (hat he sh(mld vote for the motion of his lion, friend opposite (Mr. Bowell) and against (he amendment of his hon. frit'iul sitting by him (Hon. Mr. Holton) and he did this simply because he thouyht it right to come to the point directly, and biMause Louis Kiel was a fuuitive from justice, and ouiilit to be placed where he would lie tried for the otrence with which he was charued. He was aware that many of his friends regarded Kiel's crime — if it was a crime — as a political one, and were not disposed to view it in any graver liulit, and he could understand why they should do sq He was willing to admit that the peoi)le of the North- West had suH'ered mu( h aniioyanct* and injustice when (heir territory was taken jios- session of by tlie Dominion Authorities. That (he peojile should have i'or a moment lost control of their passions under the circumsiances, and entered upon a course which was entirely un- I jusiiliable wasnotmuch to be woiuleied at. He I was prepared i'or these reasons to take a lenient I view of the cases of nearly all ol them, and in ( regard to the (juesdon of amnesty he had no j hesitation in saying that he did not see the slightest t)bjection (o one being granted which I would cover all the polidcal olFenses committed j upon that occasittn. Tiio debate was continued I by Messrs. J. H. Cameron, M. C. Cameron, Dr. I Schultz, D. A.Sinith, Hon. Mr. Blake and others. I and adjourned to the Idth, when a vote was taken on Mr. Mousseau's amendment to (lie amendni(>iit. which was lost, -II for. lill against. Hon. Mr. Ilohon's amendment was ilieii lost. Tii for, 117 against. The motion of Mr. Ma:y\f III lii|iiiir III the House by numerous petitions in 'i"""''i""i'i''ii''i favor of a Prohibitory law : but it was felt that if Parliament really wished to reform the drinking habits of the peojile. example would be far better than precept, and it should (Jiii- mt>nce its good work by aliolishing (lie bar within its own precincts ; accordinu'ly, Mr. Chisholm moved, on (he ls( of April. "That Mr. Speaker lie recjuested to issvu' an order prohibiting the sale of intoxicating li((Uor within the piHH'iiicts of tills House." After some discussion the motion was adojited. 8. — Th(^ question as lo wlu'ther an amnesty had ever been promised by the late Crovernment ^..w'-'*«^ Si ill 21' i m I l! I 11 428 TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF THE DO^^ITNION OF CANADA. to thoso who had participatod in rmmnittpc nil the , -r> i t-« • ti i ii- p Xnrih-weyi irmiMes the Ked luvor Kebolliou OI isi;!i-7ii, 18(;0-70, had bcon attracting- a great deal of attontioii of lato. Archbishop Tache had published a pamphlet in which he fully ('xi>lained his reasons for stating — as he had always done — that a general amnesty had been promised, at the time the aelegates came to Ottawa, in 1S70, and afterwards ; and the French Li1)erals of Quebec began to press Hon. Mr. Mackenzie pretty hard on the amnesty qiiestion. This was a hard matter for him to deal with, for the Liberal party had gained so much si;pport in Ontario l)y pandering to the Orange sentiment, and had worked so successfully on the cry for vengeance for the murder of Seott, that it would have been almost a death-blow to him to have boldly declared himself in favor of a general amnesty, and a forgetfuluess of old scores. On the other hand the Quebec members were very earnest in their efforts to obtain amnesty for their co-religionists and compatriots in the North West ; and they found a very able advocate in the Minister of Justii e, Hon. A. A. Dorion. The difficulty was a serious one ; and Mr. Mackenzie met it with characteristic caiition. He would not pledge himself on the question of amuest\ ; but intimated that if the honor of the Crown was involved by any promise of amnesty given by the late Administration, the G-overnment would take the matter into consideration. To discover whether any promise had been made, or not, Mr. D. A. Smith (Selkirk), on the 1st of April, moved, " That a select Committee of nine members be appointed to enquire into the causes of the difficulties which existed in the North-West in lH(i9 and 1870, and into those which have retarded the granting of the amnesty announced in the Proclamation issued by the late (.rovernor-General of Canada, Sir John Young; and further to enquire whether, and to what extent, other promises of amnesty have been sini'e made ; with power to send for persons, papers and records." After a short discussion the motion was carried, and the following Committee apiminted : Messrs. Smith (Selkirk), Cameron (Cardwell), Bowell, The liiiJget- Abbott, Blake, Moss, GeofFrion, Masson and Jones (Halifax.) 0. — On the 9th of April, the Estimates were brought down, and on the 14th, Hon. Mr. Cart- wright, Minister of Finance, made his Ikiduet Speech. He commenced by stating that the Oovernment of which he was a member was quite willing to assume full responsibility for all their own acts, but could not be exp.ected to assume, and would not assume, responsibility for the acts of their predei-essors. He then proceeded to show that the acts of those predecessors had placed the country in a very embarras.sing p> -Hion by the great increase in expenditures which had taken place under their rule, and by the very heavy liabilities in the fiiture to which they had pledged the country ; and argued that the pre- sent Administration found itself compelled to increase taxation in order to meet the obligations which had been incurred by their predecessors. With regard to the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1873, the receipts were $ 20,81 8,4'69 and the expenditures $19,174,047, showing a surplus of $1,038,822. which was highly satisfactory; but for the year ending 30th June, 1874, he antici- pated a deficit of nearly $3,000,000 which it would be necessary for Parliament to provide for. by incveased taxation. The estimated receipts for that year, according to the statament of the late Finance Minister, were $21,740,400 and the estimated expenditures $22,580,727, showing a deficit of $940,727; but he (Mr. Cartwright) claimed that there were many important items of expenditure incitrred by the late Administration, which were not included in that |22,;'i80,727, and which would hicrea.se the expi'iuiiture for the year 1873-4 to about $24,100,000. Amongst these items were, $400,- 000 for the expenses of Prince Edward Island ; $200,000 for the preservation of peace in the North- West ; $200,000 for the general election ; $400,000 additional expenditure on public works; $100,000 for surveys of Dominion lands ; $17'),000 additional for the Post Office; and $1 ')0,000 for miscellaneous charges. With regard to the estimates for the year 1874-5, the sum h Masson and ;imates were m. Mr. Cart- le Budget- ireriiment of e willing- to I'ir own acts, ^ and would lets of their .show that placed the 'tion by the h had taken very heaA'y h. they had hat the pre- ampelled to '■ obligations iredeeessors. : 30th June, 39 and the 1 surplus of ictory; but I, he antiei- • which it to provide estimated ' statament 21,740,400 22,,58(J,727, ixt he (Mr. ere many red by the t included d increase i to about ere, $400,- rd Island ; ice in the election ; )n ])ublic ion lands ; IFue ; and ith regard the .sum GOVKRXMENT OK EARL DUPFEIITN— FIRST SHSSIOX TIIIUD I'ARMA.MKNT, 1874. 420 required would be ab^iut $42,000,000, of which $;"), 530,000 was required to jiay maturing' bonds, and $6 'J00,000 for eanal enlargement. The net amount for fixed and current expenses was $24,(139,000 ; of this .«;t;,83I,000, was for interest on the de])t, $5,.')0(l,000 for collection of the revenue, and $3.7;")7,000 for subsidies. The amount estimated to be received from all sources he considered could not be placed at more than $22,000,000, and he proposed to raise the deficit by increased taxation on the following articles; wines, i«;200,000 ; spirits $200,000 ; silks, A'elvets, &c., $400,000; unenumerated articles, on which the rate was raised from l.')V to I'lj; ';.\ §500,000 ; cigars, $100,000; tea and coffee, $400,000 ; iron, $100,000 ; ships materials, machinery and parts of locomotives were nnnoved from the Fn^e List and charged 5, 10 and 16^^ respectively. In the Excise Department the duty on spirits was raised from 63 to 75 cents per gallon : on manufactured tobacco from 15 to 20 cents per pound. From these two latter sources (spirits and tobacco) he expected an increased revt>nue of $700,000 to $750,000, which with the increased Custom duties would make a total of about $3,000,000, which, he anticipated would be sulhcientto meet ilie increased expenditure, and to provide lor thi large public works in which the country was eimaged. 10. — Hon. Dr. Tupper reviewed the Budget Speech of the Finance Minister, and claimed that he had done great injustice to his predecessors. Sir Francis Ilincks and Hon. Mr. Tilley. He held that looking at the i)ast and to thi' documents the present Finance Minister had laid on the table, it ill l)ecame him (Mr. C'artwright) to attempt to throw obliquy upon his iiredecessors. and intimate that they were unequal to the task of conducting the financial all'airs of the coixntry. lie (juot(>d from the documents laid l)efore the House to show tiiat under the late Administration the exports of the country had in live years risen from $57,5(17,888, to $89,789,922 ; and the imports from $7-i,4()!t,544, to $128,!t21,184; that the revenue had propor- tionately increased ; that, by the showing of the lion. 111". Tiipncr'.-* . .•^trii'hirci^ <>ii the l''inaiK'ii(i .--liitciueiit honorable gentleman himself, the receipts for the nine months of the current year had bt>en $1,31(3,0(38 more than the estimate of the late Finance Minister, and argued that if the attairs of the country were as well administered as they had been, there would be no deficit at all. He condemned the reduction ot the estimate for public works, aiul alleged that the statements of the I'^inance Minister had been made with a view to preparing the country for an abandon- ment of the Pacific Railway. lie held that the expeiuliture of $30,000,000 in building a railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific would be the very best investment the country could make ; and charged the late Opposition with having by their unpatriotic artion defeated the excellent scheme of the late Government forl)uilding the road. Passing on to the proiiosed increase of taxation, he did not object to the attempt to raise more revenue from spirits, ninlt li(juors or wines, but warned the Finance Minister that too high a tariff on these articles inevitably led to smug- gling and illicit jiroduction. He strongly objected to duties l)eing replaced on tea and coH'ee, and also on the imposition of duties on material iised in manufacturiiia- machinery and in shipl)uilding. Hon. Mr. Maclcenzic replied to Hon. Dr. Tupper, and after some further debate the tariff resolutions wa-re introduced and read a first time. Acts amending the Customs and Excise Acts were subsequently introduced and passed, the rate on unenumerated articles being raised from I63 to 17| per cent. 11. — Amongst the most important acts passed was the Act providing lor elections of Members of the Plouse of Commons, intro- duced by the Hon. A. A. Dorion on the 17th of April. In introducing' the Bill, the Hon. Mr. Dorion explained that its chief characteristic were that llui iveturning Officers should be the Sherills or ivegistrars of the .several election districts, and where the Sheriff or Registrar lould not act the (lovernor-Greneral should appoint Returning Oliicers in Ontario and Quebec, and the Lieutenant-Governors in the other Provinces. The elelake, Cameron, (Cardwell). Plumb, Parrow, Dymond, Oliver, Mills, Palmer, Langlois, Trembhiy, Mitchell, Kirkpatrick, Cameron, (Pluron), Laird, Macdonald, (King- ston), Jones, (Halifax), Trow, Goudge, Davies, I'lesher, Macdonnell, (Inverness), Caroii and Schultz, alter which the Bill was read a second time. In Committee there was considerable discussion as to the abolition of Nomination Day, several Meml)crs speaking against it, and others objecting to the introduction of the ballot I as beinu" " un-English " and " sneaking '" and a few trilling amendments were made ; but the Bill passed its third reading, on 20th May, without any material alteration. In the Senate the second reading was moved by Hon. Mr. Luc Letellier de St. Just, on 22nd May. and in Com- mittee an amendment was moved by Hon. Mr. Bellerose providin<>' lor a property ([ualilication, which was lost. Hon. Mr. Campbell moved to add the wonls of the British North America Act, which re(|uired candidatt's to be subjects of the Queen, either by birth or naturalization, which was carried. On the 41st clause Hon. Mr. Haviland (P. E. L) moved an amendnient to make the franchise in Prince Edward Island the same for the House of Commons as for the Local Legislature, which was carried on a division by the casting vote of the vSpeaker. The Bill as amended was then passed. CHAPTER XLIL (lOVERXMKNT OF Till': KWUj oF DIFFEUIN. —PACIFIC J{AILWAY lill-L, 1S74. I. BiiiTisH Columuia's discontent.— 2. Mu. Eduau s:cnt tu Biutisii Colum-h/l as Aoent OF thp: DoMiNiuN Government. — -i. The GOVERNMENT OF TllH KARL DUFFKlilN-PACinC IJAILWAV I5IJ.L. 187 t. 4:!1 llri(ish Ciiliimbia's Pacific Kaiiavay Bii.ii. — 4. Hon. Mr. MaCKKXZIK E.Xl'LAI.NS THE POLICY OK THE CrOVEIiN.MENT. — 5. HoN. Dk. TuPPER CRITI- CISES THE Vnhh. — (i. Mr. DeCosmos explaixs THE WISHES OF liUITISU C'oiJ'.MlSIA. — 7. BlI.L PASSED WITHOUT AMENDMENT. — 8. PUOKO- (tATION. 1. — One ol' the most diflicult qiu'stion.s with which lion. Mr. Mackenzie found himsolf oon fronted on his accession to power, was that of the Pacili.' liail way. The honor of the country was i>ledg'ed to build the road, and the existing Act of Parliament required that it should l)e built by a Company, reci'ivinii' aid from the Government and not by the (Jovernmcnt itself; but the Canadian Pacific Railway Company had sur- rendered its Charter, and, owing' to the exposixres which had taken place with regard to the granting of that Charter, there seemed no pos- sibility of any other Company being formed. The ]5ritish Columl)ia Ciovernment was already beginning to show signs of discontent and dissatisfaction at the non-commencement of the road within the time agreed on in the terms of Union, and as early as July 1ction in Monck, was appointed to proceed to British Columbia as the .Mr Kilir.ir sent to Hi'itisli CnliiMiblans .•\Ki'nl (if horiiiiiiiiii linvcriUlU'llt. Agent of the Dominion Government " to consult with the Local Government with reference to the late agitation concerning an extension of time for the construction of the Pacific Railway Ijeyond that promisinl in the terms of Union."' Of the failure of his mission we shall speak further on. 3. — In the Speech from the Throne it was announced that, "The enactment of ls72 respecting the Canadian Pacific ,,,,„. |,,„..,.„. ,;,i,„.„y Railway having failed to secure "'"• the prosecution of that great enterprise, yon will be called upon to consider what plan will best and most spi>edily i>rovide the means of transcontinental communication witi British Columbia," and, accordinuly, on the 12th of May, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie moved the House into Committee on a series of resolutions on which to form a mnv Pacific Railway ISili. The Bill, as passed, provides for the construction of a railway " from some point near to and south of Lake Nipissing to some point in British Columbia on the Pacilic Ocean," the route to be determined l)y the Governor iu-Council. The line is divided into four sections, viz., first, from Lake Nipissing to tlie west end of Lake Superior ; second, from No L to Red River ; third, from Red River to a jwint between Fort Edmonton and the foot of the Rocky Mountains ; fourth, thence to the Pacific. Branches are provided for, viz., first : From the eastern terminus to Georgian Bay ; I'rom a [>oint near Fort (iarry to the boundary at or near rcmbina. A line of telegraph to be constructed along the line in advance of the railway. The gauge to be 4 feet HJ inches. The line to be constructed under the Department of I'uldic Works. But the sections may be divided into sub-sections, and the building, furiiishiim' plant and running be let to contractors, after tenders are obtained. But contractors must have a capitid e(]uaJ to 84,000 per mile of tlie sub-section leiulered for, and 25 per cent, of it in money or ap[>roved securities must be dcjiosited in a l)ank to the credit of the Receiver (leneral. $10,000 per mile only may be paid to the contractors, lor construction and rolling slock, and 4 per cent. u J "'»*'' t32 TUTTIiK'.S HISTORY OF TIIK DOJflXIOX OF CANADA. IM on a sum per mile to bo lixocl ])y contract, for a i)orio(l of twenty-live years for running. Land at the rate of 20,000 acres per mile may also be appropriated in alternate sei'tions of twenty miles square with a frontage of three to six miles on the road, two-thirds to be sold by the Government at jnices agreed upon, and the proeeeds paid to the contractus a>, the work goes on, and the remaining third conveyed to them in like manner. These lands to be designated so soon as the line is located. The right of way through public lands, station grcnxnds, &c., to be also granted free. The sub- sections contracted for to be the property of the contractors. Rut the Grovernment may at any time take possession, paying actual cost and 10 per cent, additional ; subsidies to be returned. No contract to be binding until one month after it is laid before the House of Commons, unless sooner approved by resolution. The Govern- ment may, if found more advantageous, contract and work the railway as a public work. A l)onus not exceeding $12,000 per mile may be gninted to any C jmpany which will construct a railway to conueit the eastern terminus of the line with the proposed or existing railways ; running powers beinu' secured for traffic of Canadian Pacilic Railway. Any Order-in- Couuoil granting sii proceeded with from time to time or suspend it at any time till next session of Parliament. ^2,500,000 sterling of the sura authorized to be raised with Imperial guarantee", and $!.'), 000,000 of that to be raised without, may be applied to the construction of the road. 4. — In introducing his resolutions Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said that he had not changed the opinion expressed by him at the lion. .Mr. .Mii(koii7.ic . ,. , ... i< -n 'i- i ixi.hiiiisiiie |.nii,y„r time ol the admission ot british till' (i,,vcninii'nl. „ , , . .1 , .1 i> Columbia that the Uoraimon was promising more than it could perform ; but, as the terms had been agreed to, and the honor of I he Dominion pledged, he was prepared to carry out those terms as nearly in the spirit, if not in the letter, as po.ssible. He reviewed the action of the late Government in granting better terms than British Columbia had asked ; their efforts to get a Coinpany'to build the road ; the granting of the Charter to " the famous Sir Iluiih Allan Company, which was a mere combination for the puri)ose of linding capitalists. They had no capital themselves, and did not pretend to have any ;" the failure of that Company to interest capital- ists, and their surrender of the Charter ; and dwelt on the difficult position in which the present Administration found itself in coming into power. He held that it was utterly impossible that the exact terms of Union could be carried out,, and stated that Mr. Edgar had been sent to consult with the Local Government as to a modification of terms, but the result of his mission was not yet known. "With regard to biiilding the road he considered that it would have to be bull' ty the people ; Init it was not necessary that i should be all constructed at once. By building short lines of railways to connect the magnificent water stretches of the ('ontinent, a summer route to the foot of the Rocky Mountains could be had which would be sufficient for many years to come ; the Pembina Branch would ])e constructed at once, and, he hoped would l>e open in a year. With regard to the railway proper, he said that he did not think it at all necessary that the 557 miles from Nipis."iing to Nepigon should he built at present. "With reference to the portion which would run through British Columbia he held that it was impossible to commence it until the surveys had been completed, and it had been determined which was the best terminus on the Pacific Coast. Bute Inlet, 'o far appeared the best, but the engineering difficulties were very great, and it would be folly to commence the road there, and, perhaps, after some millions had been expended, discover that there was a much easier route and bi'tter terminus. "\Yith reference to the i)roposed plan of granting $10,000 a mile and 20,000 acres of land, and guaranteeing interest at 4 per cent, on such as nearly in assible. Ho vernrat'iit in h Columbia Coinpany'to e Charter to pany, which l>nrposo of no capital have any ;" 'rest capital- harter; and which the ^ in coming vas utterly Jnion could Edgar had rovernment le result of V'ith regard ! lat it would it was not structed at railways to shea of the bot of the ich would ome ; the d at once, ar. With that he did 557 miles )e built at ion which he held until the had been "minus on appeared ties were ommence B millions here was IS. AVith granting liind, and on such V \^ ,**! m / I \ f ■.■■ V-' v f / ■r*:"' friv:-* / / k k % %. %- I J ■ \ I m «H4 1 i ! ! !l f.Ji= '.K-'^nlO tXWJfSSLY F0« lUTfLE S hlSrORV Of In[ DOMINION THE BJRlANO DL.SBARAI'; U'hOLOM? ill H '''!*( ' ' ^1 -,' *!' ; (iOVKIjyMKNT OK TI!K KAIJL oT DITI'FKIUN— PAriFIC RAILWAY IMLL, 1S7J. i:!.! additional sum por mile as miiy he agreed on with the (ontractois, he entered at length into a statement how railroads had l)een built in other countries on similar terms, and cliiimed that the schem;' of the present Government differed iu two essential particulars from that of the late Adminstration, inasmurh as it was not proposed to lock up the land so as to give it a lictitous value, a)id all contracts would have to ht* submitted to Parliament. 15y the new scheme, the Governmet-t, while uiving 20,000 a'l-es of land to the \_ompany or Con- tractor, would retain entire control of the sale of two-thirds of the land. This w^ould depre- ciate the value of the land in the eyes of any Company proi>osing to build the road ; but he considered it most important that the Govern- jent should retain the power to throw population into any part of the country, which was the only way to make the road a commer- cial success. Th"! road had been divided into four sections, from Lake Nipissiu!-' to Nejugon ; from Nepigon to iled River, or Irom some point on Lake Superior to Red River; from Red River to Fort Jdmonton, or some ether point, there to connect with the fourth section, which was west of the Rocky Mountains ; and he thought it would be best if four Companies could he found to build these lour sections instead of one Company to build the whole road. " The British Colombia section will, of course, have to be proceeded with as fast as we can do it, as it is essential to keep faith with the spirit, and as fiir as possiple with the letter, of the agi cement." After some further remarks from Mr. Mackenzie the resolutions were adopted, and the Bill introduced and read a first time. 5. — On the second reading of the Bill, on the 19th May, Hon. Dr. Tupper defended the course Hon. Dr. Tiumcr »'" t^« ^^^"^ Ministry, and charge^; oriticijes the Ijiii. ^j^^ present Premier with incon- sistency in now proposing that the GovernnuMit should build the road as a public work, when he had, formerly, strongly condemned such a course. He defended the scheme of the late Government, contending that they would by it 52 have been able to comjdete the road without additional taxation. He comi)lained of the powers taken by the Government in the liil! before the House, and claimed that by the showing of the Premier both the money and land subsidies would be greater than those proposed by the late Government, while the four per cent, guarantee on the balance of the cost of construction would make a total sum of $84,000,000 to be obtained on the credit of the country, without takintr into accoiuit at all the land grant. He contended that the scheme of the late Government would not have thrown a burden of more than one million and a half a year on the people, which could have })een met without increased taxation ; but th(> present scheme would rai.se that amoint to over twelve millions a year, and he wouk^ like to know from what source the Government expected to raise that sum when the Finance Minister had been forced to confess that he coixld not raise, from ordinary revenue, within $3,000,000 of what he required for expenditures. If this scheme was carried out, the time was not far distant when taxation would have to be resorted to which would be so insupportable that instead of immigration into this country there would be emigration out of it. He contended that the great defects of the proposed system were that the water communications would only be avail- able for six months in the year ; and that the immediate completion of the Pemhiiui Branch would have the effect of sending all the emi- grants, which we were spending so much money to procure, by the American lines which would expose them to the temptation of settling in the States, instead of going through to the North- West. He held that if the Government scheme was persevered in there could only be one of two results, either the road would never be built at all, or it would be built at such an excessive cost that our debt would become equal to, if not more, in proportion to population than that of either Great Briaiu or the United States. 6. — Mr DeCosmos said tin re was no danger of secession from the Union on vbe part of ' I, I i!' u ii I i t;:i Tl"ri'IJ:s lIiSTol.'Y OK TIIIO IH)MI.\I()\ OF CANADA. ■Mr |ii<'.,-iii..- I \l>t.lil>« llll* ni-h.w nl Miiii-li Coliiiijlii IJiitish C'olmii})ia. Hhc would ayiliitt! lor licr rights in a consti- tutional manniM-, and if the (!o\ ciiiiiK'nt (lid not uivc hi'r Iht riiihts, hi' and his coilcajrui's would cndravor to drive that (loNciiUMi'iil I'roin powt'v and icplaio tht'Ui by a Crovi'inuji'iit which would do so. lie went on to advocate Esiiuiniault as the Western terminus ol' the road, and to make a calculation with nxjfard to the number of persons which would be necessary to support the road, lie "stimated I he iiunil)er ol' persons residinL;' alonu' the Nor- thern rarilir lis about 1,000,000, nnd thoUi>-ht thiit il' tliere were l,;")0o,(>00 persons residing alonq: the line ol the Canada I'acilie Ivaihvay betwei'U Nipissinti' and the Western terminus of till' Iioad, a railway .'1000 miles in len<»'th. they v/ouhl all'ord a lair sui)i)ort to our railway. When we had our road we would also be able to enter into rivalry with the Americans lor the trade with China and Japan. lie spoke in high terms ol' the past enterprise of Canadians, but said that il' they were unprepared to advance westward, let them hand over their country to a people who would kiu)w how to discharge properly th" duty which deA'olved upon them. Referring to the Intercolonial Railway, he pointed out that it could not be said that anyone knew any diU'erence in the taxation of Ihe country for its construction. Just the same thing would be the result in the case of the I'acilie Railway, could we only get rid of the terrible curse of extreme party politics. He advocated the building of the road directly by the Oovernment, and he commented upcm the advantages of keeping the lands out of the hands of Companies and close corporations, who would hinder .settlement for their own purposes. The liritish Columbians would be sati.sfied if the pre.sent Grovernment, instead of professing to commence the road and then not doing so. as the late Government had, would show^ that they intended in good faith to build it as rapidly as po.ssible. lie held that the position of the Premier, in sayinu' that if the British Columbia Clovernment relaxed the terms they coald com- mence the surveys, and if they were not willing to relax the terms, the surveys could not be proceeded w ith, was ipiite illogical. He asked Ihe Chief Minister and this House how Ihe (Jovernmeiit intended to vindicate the good faith of the country with rcjard to Briti.sh Columbia? He hoped the honorable Premier would see his way to tommencing the work on the I'acilie coast immediately. lie believed that the peo- ple of I'ritish Columbia would l)e (piite willing to havea mixed water and railway route adopted. All they were anxious for was to see the road built as rapidly as practical)le. He ditl not see why the construction of the road could not be commenced at once ; and advocated liute i;ilet as the point at which constrixction should be l)eritish Columbia.* 7. — Mr. Thomson (Cariboo) while partly favor- ing the .scheme, did not tliink that it sulliciently guaranteed that the terms of ,,n, „„.,e,i wi>i,„„t Union would be carried out, as •■'■i""'"'"""'- the Premier gave no intimation as to the time in which the road would l)e built. He was not altogether pleased with the mixed laml and water route, aiul thought that the sum pro- mised to be spent yearly in British Columbia ($1,500,000) was not enouiih. Mr. Bunster contended that lilsijuimault was the proper terminus of the road, aiul that the Government should commence to build it from that point at once, when they would soon have a large immi- gration Hocking in and settlinti- the waste lands. The Bill was then read a second time, and the House went into Committee. In Committee Mr. Bunster moved a:i ameiulment that the construction of that portion of the road which wa.s nui through British Columbia should be commenced in a year from the passage of the Act, and that not less than one-tenth of the whole construction in that Province should be carried out each year. The amendment was lost, and the Bill reported without amendment. On the third reading of the J>ill, on the 20th May, Mr. Kirkpatnck took exception to the 13th clause which empowered the Government to give out the contract for the jiortion of the road from Ni pissing to Georgian Bay without the • Ce*l from Tiironto ff/oA.. (IO\ KliN.MKNT OF TIIK KAIil, nl- DlFl'KIMN— I'KINCII'AI, KVKNTS OK ISTI. »;!.'» I'Oiist'iit of rarliaiin'iit ; iiiul moved an aineud- menl to the ('irt'( t that tlic coiitiact slioiiUl not be liiiuliiiii' until iipprnved ol' by I'arlianieiit, which was lost on division. Mr. lUmstev then moved the amendment whicli had been lost in Committee, which was lost, '> lor, 77 against. Mr. lUinster then moved that the work oi con- striietion should be commenced at Es percent, per anjium for 10 years on i;100,000 stg. for this Graving Dock agreed to in the terms oi the Union with British C'olum- l)ia, $250,000 may be advanced during the progress of the \\ork ; Acts amending the Domini(m and Manitoba Laud Acts; and an Act relating to Permanent Buildinii- Societies in Ontario, and Incorporating a Member of Boards of Trade. CHAPTER XLIII. GOVKJ.'NMHXT OF TIIK KAK'b OF DCFFJ-llJlX— riUNCIPAL FVFNT.S OF ISTt. 1. Dominion ]]oai!D of Tkadk. — 2. Tei!rihi.k Railway Accidents. — o. Pacikic Railway OFFICES UUKNT. OTHEU FIIiES. — 4. MaEINE DISASTERS. — 5. Trial ok Lki'ine. — 0. Commu- tation OK Lei'ine's sentence. — 7. Nego- tiations FOU RecII'IIOCITY. — 8. (X'lIER EVENTS. 1. — The fourth annual meetinu of the Domin- ion Board of Trade was opened in the Railway Committee Room, Ottawa, on the d,,,,,!,,!,,,, ii,,.,,,i ..r 2ith February, and lasted four ''■"'''■ days, as usual. In the absence of the President. Mr. W. II. Ilowlanil. Vice-President, presidi-d. One of the interesting features of the meeting was the presence, for the lirst tinn-. of the dele- gates from Prince l')dward Ishind, and also delegates from the National Boiird of Trade of the United States. jMr. W. H. Ilowland, of Toronto, was elected President for the ensuing year, and Mr. W. W. Ogilvie, of Montreal, Vice- ' President. The iirst debate occurred on a motion of Mr. Thompson, of Toronto, urging on th(! Dominion Ciovernment the necessity of eu- j larging the St. Lawrence canals at once ; but, , after some di.scu.ssion, an amendment was I carried to the elli-ct that th. 5oard was satislied with what had been already dune in the way of canal improvements, aiul hoped tliat the Government would proscciite the work as rapidly as the linancial condition of tlu" country would permit of A resolution in favor of urg- ing the Government to construct a ship canal at Sault Ste Marie, as soon as possible, was moved by Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton, and adopted ; as were also resolutions with reference to ship-building and registration. The most interesting debate of the session was that on the tariir, which showed that the [)iiicli of hard limes had already begun to call attention to the fact that if Canadian manufactures were to live and compete with those of the United States, they nuist receive a certain amount of protec- tion ; and after a long discussion, a resolution, moved by Mr. Thomas White, Jr.. Montreal, was adopted, to the ell'ect that as there would be a deficit in the revenue, and additional taxa- tion would be re(juired. such taxes should be levied in such a manner as to all'ord incidental protection to Canatlian manufactures. 2.— A terrible accident occurred on the Great Western Railway, about three miles east of Ivomoka, and seven west ofLon- ... .,, „ ., don. Ont., on the evening of the '\''''i""^- 28th of February, whereby ten persons lost their !■ I| 1 \^k It !; t 'I { :l ■r k I li^' : ■' !l r 'n n: [■Mi TUTTLKS IIISTOHV OF TUK DO.MIXION OK CANADA. lives iiiul ovi>v twfiify wcro sorioiissly injun'd. The "Wi'stcni Expicsis Tniiu loft London aboul (i.:!0 p.m., and had run iibont seven miles when il was discovered that the lirst-elass car was on lire. It appears that the lamp in the clos'-t either I'ell, or was knoked down and set fire to the lloor anil wood work. The lire had gained some headwaj in tii(> ( lo,sc( lyel'ore it was discovered, and rapidly spread to the car, in which there were about I'orly persons. The train was tlien running alxmt thirty miles an iiour ; and. as there was no signal rope, on alaces between Abercorn live acres, destroying 4o hou,ses, being about and Emerson), ami the storm had injured the half the business portion of the place, and doing \vork. The 'wport. N. Y. •u all rii>-ht. ' lattci' j)liU'o iluni^cd into l>oiiii>'(anit'cl ass car shot lu'arly evory or wouiulcd, Ml wouiuli'd, m\ IVom (ln> the oars did I'iiig l)uriu'd hi'd todoath. ar of lircs, id Moiitival 1 ilii' Kiiilw.iy ii'i'i' Ijuinr. (Illior lirst, and uirod oil tho U'll tllL> old i which had olonial and burnt, and vporls, iScc. ni>' a loss of icli trouble There was ndiary, and that it was e const rue- troyiiiL>' the ion showi'd al. On the he ollice of 'oodbridii'e, Th.'y did y sel lire to sive works ■ !ii-J()0,000 iploynient. N.8. was oke out in an area of ein<>' about and doini"' COVKKX.MKNT OF TlIK KAIM- OK DUFFKIMX-I'KINCII'AL KVKNl'S OF ISTI. •i;!; damage to the extent of !«;100,0()0. On the lUh of May a lire broke out in the factory of John Taylor «& Vo. Esplanade Street, Toronto, and siirciid ti> the larn'e wholesale (Irocery store of Smith and Keiiihley, Front Street, and to other places on Front, Esplanade and CSeori'o Streets, doing damage to the extent of S2.')0,iK)0. In Montreal, on the 'JOtli of March, the Queen's Hall was burnt, loss iJoO.OOO. About one o'clock on the morniiii>- of the !Mli of August a fire l)roke out in Henderson's saw mill, on the Canal 1)iUik, Montreal, and soon spread to the Government Hour shed near by, from whence it extended to one of the dredges just completed for the Harlxn- Cominissioners, and tliesteauKM- York, which were lying in the slip alongside the sheds. The mill, Hour shed, dredge, steamer, and an old barge called the Daris were all destroyed, the total loss being about •t2.")0,()n0. \ A man who acted as wateliman on the Daris ' was so frightened at seeing himself appiirently hemmed in by lire thai he Jumped into the water and was drowned. On the l-'!tli August, Ogilvie's Hour mill, Montreal, was burnt, loss $50,000 ; and on the llHli October the paint and veii stores in Windsor, Out., valued at !J;.'^■),000 were burnt ; as were also se\ I'ral 1 stores and dwellings valued at $10,000 at j C'iivuga, Out., on 2titli October, The most | destructive lire of ih" year, outside of Ottawa and Montreal, l)roke out abtpiit lour o'clock on the morniim' of the l;!th September, in the paper mill of Me.>nst('rs. !5!2.")0,000, and tlirowin<>- nearly SOO hands out of employment. I'^xtensixc bush lirt's raged around Ottawa, Kincardine, liru.ssels, i'aisley, CJoderich, Seafoitli, Mitchell, Orangeville and other i)laces in August and September, and much damage was done. 4. — The marine disasters of the year were not so great as in soini' former years, and no such terrible calamity as the wreck ol the Atlantic occurred, and tht iiunil)er ot lives lost was small in comparison to that of 1S73, only 10S being recorded. The greatest destruction of property (no lives wen' lost) occurred in the harbor of Quebec, on the 81I1 of May, caused by the breaking u]* of the ice-bridge, when eight steamers, ten tug and ferry boats, one ship ami three schooners were crushed in the ice, and al! more or less injured, the total damaiiv beiiiu- ninirly s!lOO,O00. The Government steamer Na/ni/non III was sunk, as were al.so the tug Castor and steamers (leorgia ■iiid Royal, and two srhooiiers. Tin- sunken V(>ssels were raised, but were all badly daniaLi'e most important events of the year 1S74 was the trial and conviction, at Win- nipeg, Manitoba, of .Vinbrosi' Lepine for the murder of Thomas Scott, at Fort Oarry, on the Uh March, l,s70. We have already slated (Chai)ler M^i, pars. 4-7) the circumstanies relatinii' to the election of Kiel lor I'rovcMi'hcr and his cxjiulsion from the llou.se on the ground that he was a fugitive Tri;il • \ : — m 'M . r .■] Hi i i il •i ii 4:1s TUTTT.E'S HISTORY OF TIIH DOMINION OK CANADA. 1 ! from Jixstiro, the (Jvand Jury of Maiiito})!! hav- ing found a true bill a-iiiiiist hiin for the murder of Scott, ami a Bench warrant having bocn issued for his arrest. At the .same time true bills were found against Auil)ro.se Lepiue, who had been Jviel's '' Adjutant-Cleneral,"' and others, and Lepine and two others were arrested and tried l)el'ore the Court of (Queens Bench, of Manitol)a, Chief Justice Wood presiding at the October term. 1S7-1. The greatest interest was manifested in the trial, and the Hon J. A. Chai)lenu, Solicitor-deneral of Quebec, went to Winnipeg .si)eeially to defend Leinne, and had as.sociated with him the Hon. Joseph lioyal. The pro.seciition wa.s conducted by Mr. F. E. Cornish, Crown I'reseculor. and the trial of Lepine wa.s comnri'iiced on the l-'ilh of Ortober. and lasted twelve days, a verdict of " Guilty " being returned on the 2(31 h. The jury was a mixed one, and the evidence taken was very voluminous ; it is unneces.sary, however, to re- produce it here, as a great portion of our account of tlie murder of Scott is taken fronr that evi- dence ; sulFice it to say that l..epine's participa- tion in that foul act was clearly shown, and the jury could not possibly have found any other verdict than the one they rendered, accompany- ing it. howcAer, with a recommmidation to mercy. On the 2sih Chioi' Justice Wood passed s>'ntence condemning Lejiine to l)e liiuig on the 29th January, iJSTo. Of tlu' other two prisoners, one, Andre Nault, was tried, and the jury failed to agree ; the other case was not pressed. 0. — Of course, it w as not generally thought that the s(>ntence of death would be carried out — indeed it is doidjtlul if the jiiry \\ould have agreed had it not been believed that their recommeiuhition to mercy would be considered; and numerous petitions were forwarded to His Excellency prayiiui' for an exert i.se of Executive cleuhMU-y. These petitions munhered i!.")2, and were signed by oS,,j((S [)er.s<)ns, mostly French. Tu^rore their receipt, liowever, some steps had l)een taken towards a commutation, or rather, at lirst, in I lie direction of an amnesty. On tliis question (amnesty) the Uovernment of Sir John A. Mac- Cm;Mlllll:lli.iM m| I! donald had, on the 4th of June, 1873, passed an Order-in-Council re(juesting His Excellency to , briny' the matter before Her Majesty's (iovern- ment " in order that such course might be taken jl as might l)e consistent with the interests of justice and best for the quiet of the country ; '' ami, on the 24th of July, 187;l, the lilarl of Kimberley, Secri'tary of State for the Colonies, j expressed the willingness of Her Majesty's (lovernment to take upon themselves the res- ponsil)ility of dealing* with the questiim of il amnesty. There the matter rested for eighteen months ; Hon. Mr. Macki-nzie felt that he could not recommend the granting of an amnesty, but a Committee was appointed to try and lind out whether the late (lovernment had promised an amnesty, in which case Mr. Mackenzie would have be(>n willing that " the faith of the Govern- ment should be kept." The labors of the Com- i mittee. however, threw very little new light on the question, for while Archbishop Tache, Father liichot and others maintained that the late Ciovernment had promised amnesty, the meml)ers of that Government were quite as positive that they had not. and none of the letters, or other documents i)roduced, clearly established the fact. After the condemnation of Lepine, however, a very strong pressirre was brought to bear on the Premier, and it was well known that there was great diiference of opinion in the Cabinet on this question; and hiially, as a sort of compromise an Order-in-Council was passed on 4th December, 1874, calling His Excellency's attention to the Order-in-Council of 4th June, 1878, and praying him to again bring the matter under the attention of the Home authorities. This Order-in-Council Lord Dull'erin forwarded to the Earl of Carnarvon, Secretary ol' State for the Colonies, in a very able despatch, dated 10th December. 1874, in which he i'ullv reviewed the whole amnesty question, especially as il bore on the carryinn' out of the .sentence of death on Lepine, and whith con- Earl of le Colonies, r Miijt'sty's ves the res- question of I'or eighteen lat lie could nmesty, but md find out promised an ■nzie would the Govern- oi' the C'om- ew light on lop Tache, led that the nnesty, the •e quite as one of the ed, clearly mnation of ■ssure was it was well ofopinion iinally, as ouiicil was ing His ■in-C'ouniil 1 to again ion of the uncil Lord • .'arnarvun, a very able in which (jUfstion, out of the liih con- fer me (o that I ho procedure less com- promising than I am inclined to consider them, and that the Crown is (juite untrammelled in its action, I still think that the various circumstances I have refeired to in this despatch, require the capital sentence of Jit'pin*^ to l)e commuted by the clemency of IL'r ]\Lijesty into a much milder punishment. This commutation, when the proner time arrives, I propose to order on my ow :> responsibility, under the powers accorded to uio by my instructions. ( )u the other hand, I feel very strongly that it would .-^hock the pul)lic sense of justice were Kiel to be visited with a lesser penalty than his associate. In the estimation of ail those who consider the killing of tScott a crime, lliel is held to be the principal culprit, and, as a matter of fact, whatever promises were made by l.iieuteiu\nt- Governor Archibald to Kiel were also exteiuled to Lepine. If therefore, the latter is required to undergo a term of imprisonment, it appears to me that the Executive will be precluded from exercising any clemency towards Kiel, ixntil he shall have surrendered himself to justice, and, on conviction have submitted to a similar penalty." In reply to this, the Earl of Carnarvon, under date 7th January. 1875, approved of the cour.se His Excellency propo.sed to pursue with regard to Lepine, and, according- ly, on the li)th January, His Excellency eau.sed a letter to be addressed by his Private Secretary to the Hon. Telesphore Fcornier, ^Minister of Justice, in which he says : " It further appears to His Exc 'lency that the case has passed beyond the province of Departmental adminis- tration, and that it will be best dealt withundtu- the Koyal Instructions, which authorize the Crovernor-General, in certain capital cases, to dispense with the advice of his Ministers, and to exercise the prerogative of the Crown according to his independent judument, and on his own personal responsibility. I have it, therefore, in command to inform you that it is His Excellency's pleasure that the capital sentence passed upon the prisoner Lepine be commuted into two years of imprisonment in gaol from the date of conviction, and the permanent forl'eilure of his political riuhts. His Excellency desires that the necessary instrument lor givinn- ell'eet to this commutation be forthwith prejiared." This action on tlie part of His Excellency received the lull approval of the Imperial (lovernment. and was generally well received by the press and pul)lic of Canada as the best possil)le solution of a very diilicult question. 7.— It will be remembered that .\rticle XXII of the Washington Treaty provided for the appointment of three Commis- .. . . si(mers to determine whnt money Hi'iii'""'''>- compensation, if any slioiild be paid to Canada by the United States for the dilfen'uce in value between the Fisliery rights mutually granted under that Treaty. These Commis.sioners had never l)een appointed, and it l)eiiio- thought that it might be possible to make an arrange- mcMit with the United Stiites whereby Canada might relinquish this prosjiective riiiht to com- pensation, an Order in-Council was passed on the 23rd of February, 1874, to the elfect that the present seemed a favorable time tor re-openini>' negotiations on the sul)ject of a Keciprocity Treaty, on the basis of Canada uiviiiL!' up her claim to compensation under Article XXII; and recommending His Excellency to recpiest the Imperial trovernment to authorize the British Minister at ^Vashington to enter into negotiations on that subject with the United States. This Order-in-Council was transmitted by His Excellency to the Colonial Secretarv, on tlu^ 24th February, and on the ."ith March His Fxcellency was advised that the Earl of Derl)y had instructed the Minister at Washington to open negotiations. On the !>th of Man h lion. Mr. Mackenzi(» submitted a memorandum set- ting forth a numbi'r of points under the Washington Treaty which he thouuht might be inijiroved by new neiiotiations, and suii'u'est- inu' that the British Minister, on account of his lack of local knowledtiv, was scarcely competent to deal with the American (Jovernment alone. On the 21st March, the Earl of Derl)y addressed a letter to the Hon. George Brown, inform- ing him that Her Majesty had been pleased to appoint him '• to be Joint rienipolentiarv with m ■I ihnit^* 410 TTTTLK'S III8T0RV OF TIFK DOMIXION 0^ C'AXADA. Hev Majesty's MiiiisUvr at Washington for the purpose of nogoliatini'' and concluding a treaty with the United States rehiting to fisheries, commerce and navigation." Mr. Brown atoiK'e went to Washinii'ton, and he and Sir lildward Thornton prepared an elaborate statement to submit to Hon. Hamilton Fish, and, on the 17th of April a synopsis of it was telegnii)hed to the Secretary for Foreign Affairs (the Earl of Derby) who rejdied that he saw no objection to the paper l)einii' submitted, but that the pro- posals shoxxld not be made as l)eing the result of the matured decision of Her Majesty's Croverii- ment, bitt as preliminary only ; and Sir Edward Thornton was desired to explain this to Mr. Fish. The substance of the proposal was as follows: That the Reciprocity Treaty should ])e renewed for twenty-one years, including the Fisheries, with addition of free admission of salt, manufactures of wood, iron or steel articles, or of those Jointly, agricultural impleme'nts and a few other trilling articles. To open coasting trade of lakes and river St. Law ence. To en- large Caiia.li.m canals. That canals of Canada and United States should be open on equal terms to l)oth countries. That a joint commis- sion should be appointed to improve the navigation of the ]{iver St. Clair at joint expense. That the navigation of Lake Michigan should be thrown open in perpetuity. That citizens of United States or Canada may own or navigate ves.sels of the other country. That there should be reciprocal admission to patent rights. That a Joint Commission should be appointed for propagating and protecting fish in the lakes and for co-operation in the establishment of light- houses.* A very elaborate statement was submitted, giving the amount of trade between the United States and Canada, by which it was made to appear that " during the first ten years of the treaty the transactions between the coun- tries showed a clear balance in favor of the United States of $(i2,iK;5,.54.j." In other words, it was urged that the former Reciprocity Treaty having been more advantageous to the United •I.i.ril Ciiriiiiiviiii'^ cli's|)iiti-li (n Ihi' adily declined since Mr. Mackenzie has been severely blamed for making this purchase so far ahead of when the rails would be required, whereby the country has lost several hundred thousand dol.ars. The year generally was not a prosper- ous one ; the Fisheries yit>ld was about 5^1,000,000 more than in 1878, but crops were only moderate, the lumber trade was very dull, business generally was poor and failures frecjuent, and on the \;hole we had fairly entered upon " Hard Times "' and began to feel their pressure. CHAPTER XLIV. GO \ !•; 1 ; \ .M I'.XT 1" T 1 1 b; i: .\ I ! L o F 1) I ' !•' F i-:rin— JilMTlSH (,'()!, r.M HI A'S DISCOXTFXT. 1. TlIK EsiiriMAUI.T CrKAVINO DoCK. — 2. British Coi.u.mhia's protksts. — 3. Mb. Kd(!AU"s mismun. — 4. F.viLURE OF Mr. EudAit's Mi.<>iinx.— '?. The Caunarvo.v Tkkms. — »;. Defeat hf the Esuuimai'lt and Nanaimo Haij-kiiad TiiLL in the Senate. 1. — We have already refcired to (he great disappointment and discontent which existed in British Columbia at the nou- -n,. i:s,,„i.„.ui. fuliilment of the terms of Union '''"vinKOiMk. by Canada ; and, after the announcement of his ra'Hvay policy made at Sarnia by the Hon. Mr. Mackenzie, this ieeliuii' of discontent was great- ly increased. Other matters were trou])ling the Local Government also; it was part of the ' agreement with Canada that the Dominion .should uitarantee the interest at live per edit. j on a loan to the extent of jt:lOO,000 sterliu'i- for I the purpose of building a Graving Dock at I Esquimault, which was thought to be an absolute neces.sity to the Province ; but it was I found to be impossible to raise the money on I this security, as investors were fearlul that after the expiration of the ten years the Province might be unable to continue ayinij' the interest, or to repay the principal The Pro\ince was also sadly in want of money for Local imi>rove- ments and found itself unable to raise any on its own security. A proposition was, therefore, made by the Local Premier, Hon. Amor DeCo.smos, that the Dominion (loveriiment should advance to the Province a lump sum of $C 0,000 in lieu of the live per cent, guarantee of €100,000 for ten years for the Graving Dock ; and also $1,850,000 in lieu of the annual subsidy granted British Colu?iibia under the Terms of Union, the Province giving uj) all claim to subsides in the future. The lirst proposition was, in fact, that the Domininioii should advanct> at once the amount which it would have tc pay in ten years in the shape of interest on isi500,000 at five per cent.; and the second that the annual Gubsidie.-. should be cajiitalized at about twenty y nirs value, and paid at once. To the lirst of thes ■ proposals Ho;i. Mr. Mac- kenzie consented, a.'id an A^ as an e([U valent for the delay or abandonment of ,.,i,i,,,,„i,„niMas the railway — indeed great pains i"'"'^"'"- 53 : 3' h rr-\ *t I :«,!li ill Uli Tl'TTr.KS JIISTORV OF TllR DOMINION' OF CANADA. was tiiki'ii to show that thoy wore quite iiule- poiuloiit ol' the railway question and had no bearini^' upon it ; but it is extremelv doulttl'ul I wliether the propositions would have been acceded to had it not been for the desire to propitiate the p(>oph\ and recompense them in some sliiiht de^Tee for the disappointment they I were forced to sutler with regard to ihe railway. With rt>i!^ard to the railway, the Loral GovtMU- ment was very ur<>ent. On the :.'(ith July. 1S73, , Licut.-trovernor Trutch addressed a renion- ' strance to the Secretary of State, on the l)r(>ach I of Terms of Union by the Dominion, as the railway had not been commenced within two years alter the Union, as agreed to; and. on the \ 24th of November a Minute of (."ouncil was passe ' the l-,ocal Grovernment and forwarded to tlie ivominion Govt'rnment, in which the j protest is renewed, and *h»> Minute states I " that the non-fulfilment by the Dominion i Government of the terms of Union has caused a strong- feeling of anxiety and discouragement to exist throughout the Province."' In reply to this second remonstrance the Privy Coun- cil of the Dominion, on the 23rd of December, passed the following Minute; "The Committee of Council respectfully recommend that the ijieutiMiant-Governor of British Columbia be informed that this Government is giving its most earnest consideration to the project for the construction of the Pacific Railway, an outline of which was presented to His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, respect- ! fully requesting him to protest on behalf of j the Legislature and people of this Province j against the infrac tion of the Terms of Union, Ml-. K.lwir's .Mi- and to impress uiKm the present Administration the absolute necessity of commencing the actual construction of th- railway from the seaboard of British Columbia early in the present year." On the 28rd February, 1874, a Minute of the Executive Council of Uritish Columbia was passed which (Midorsed the Address of the Assembly, and concluded: ''The Committee feel that a strong but respectful prot(>st against the course pursued by the Dominion Govern- ment should be once more forwarded to His Excellency the Governor-General," which was accordingly done. 3. — Meanwhile Mr. Mackenzie had determined that it would be best to send an Agent to British Columbia, and accord- ingly he scliH'ted Mr. J. D. Edgar, who left Toronto on the 23rd of Febnxary an glad to receive your views regarding I the policy of thetiovernment on ihe construction of the Railway. But tor the meeting of Parlia- ment in four wet>ks. som(> members of the Government would have visited your Province, but Mr. Edgar as a public man, is well known here, and fully understands the questions he will discuss with yoix. I need not, I am sure, assure you of my own sincere desire to do all I can, not only to act jx^stly but generously to Co- lumbia. It is in your interest and is the interest of the Dominion that we should both act with a reasonable api>reciation of diliicultes which are \inav()idal)le. and devise means to remove them or overcome them. We have induced j Mr. Edgar to go to Columbia, as we thought linistratioii • tho act Hill le seaboard sent year." iitc of the mbia was 'ss of the L'ommittee est against u Govern- ed to His j vhieh was | [eU'rmined i 1 Agent to IilfcMr's .Mint of the Dominion, and had many con- ferences with them on the subject of making some arrangement a])out amending the Terms of Union, which Mr. Mackenzie had plainly stated could riot and would not !)e carried out to the letter by the Dominion. 4. — Mr. Edgar found the Province in a perfect ferment on the railway (juestion, as on account Kaiiuro „: Mr. iM- f*^ ^^^' sparseucss of the white Kar'.-i mission. population — which was estimat- ed at about 10.000 — everybody expected to be directly beneiited by it. Mr. Edgar, in his report, says : " With the exception, perhaps, of the gold miners, who are conliued to the main- land, there is no class in the Province that would not derive immediate personal advantages from the railway construction expenditure. Those in business, in trade, and in agriculture would feel the sti. .ulus instantly ; while those of means and leasure would be enriched by the increase in the value of their property." Of course, where all were so much interested, the Local Government was only representing the popular will when it endeavored to hold the Dominion Government to a fuUilment of the Te.ms of Union, and Mr. Edgar soon found that it would be a very dilhcult matter to get the Government to listen to any proposals which did not look to the immediate commencement of the road. Mr. Edgar says in his report that he did not lind so much anxiety al)Out the time in which the road was to be completed, as about the necessity for commencing it at on(i'ort or expense will l)e spared, lirst to deter- mine the best route I'or the line, and secondly to proceed with the details of the engineering work. It would be distasteful to me, if indeed, it were not impossible to prescribi; strictly any minimum of time or expenditure with regard to work of so uncertain a nature; but happily, it is ('(puilly impossible for me to doubt that your Government will loyally do its best in every way to accelerate the completion of a dutj'^ lefi freely to its sense of honor and justice. 3. That the wauuon road and teleg'raph line shall be immediately constructed. There seems here to be gouie difference of opinion as to the special value to the Province of the undertaking to complete these two works ; but after considerina' what has been said, I am of opinion that they should both be proceeded with at once, as indeed is suggested by your Ministers. 4. That s2.000,000 a year, and not $1,500,000, shall be the minimum expenditure on railway works within the Province from the date at which the surveys are sufficiently completed to enable that amount to be expended oii :onstrui;- tion. In naming this amount I understand that, it being alike the interest and the wish of the Dominion Government to urge on with all speed the comi>letion of the works now to be iindertaktMi, the annual expenditure will be as much in excess of the minimum of $2,000,000 as in any year may be found practicable. 5. Lastly, that on or before the 31st December, IS'.iO, the Railway shall bo completed and open for trailic irom the Pacilic seaboard to a point at the Western end of Lake Superior, at which it will fall into connection with existing lines of Kailway through a portion of the United States, and also with the navigation on Canadian waters. To proceed at present with the remainder of the railway extending by the country North- ward of Lake Superior, to the existing Canadian lini's, ought not, in my opinion, to be required, and the time for undertaking that work must be determined by the develoinnent of settlement and the changing circumstances of the country. The day is, however, I hope, not very distant when a continuous line of railway through Canadian territory will be practicable, and I therefore look vipon this portion of the scheme as postjioned rather than abandoned. 6. — Both the Provincial and Dominion Gov- ernments had agreed to i bide l)y the decision of the Earl of Carnarvon, and both ,,^,,^,,|, ^^^ |,^^. ,.,^^^,|. expressed themselves as satisfied in'^jii 'i'.u;"'''''''" with the terms decided on by ■'"^■"'"'■• him. t)n the ]> proieed tting the m (iOVKHNMHNT OK HAIll. Dl'FFKRlN— SKCOXD SKSSION, TIIIKD PARLIAMKXT, 1873 415 contract to Parliament, and Hon. Dr. Tupper moved to add to the 8th clause the words '' provided always that any such contract shall have the previous approval of Parliament," which was lost on division (34 for, to 91 against, and the Bill read a third time and passed. In the Senate, however, the Bill was defeated by two votes, and as Mr. Mackenzie did not renew his Bill in the House, the first claixse of the Carnarvon Terms was broken ; and the dis- content of British Columbia, whii h had been partially allayed, was not only renewed, but greatly increased. CHAPTER XLV. (iovi<:i{\.Mi-:xT OF the kaiu. of duffhrix — ,SH( 'OX DSKSSIOX, Till RUi'AHLIAMEXT, 1875. 1. Opening of Parliament. Speech from THE THRONE. — 2. ThE AMNE.STY QUESTION. — 3. RiEL AGAIN EXPELLED. — 4. The liUD- GET spL-E("ii.— 5. The Supreme Court Bill. — G. MiSCEliLANEOUS LEGISLATION. ProRO- OATION. 1. — The second session of the third Parliament of the Dominion was opened at Ottawa on the fourth of February, by His Ex- iiiuiit. siieeiii ivoiii cellcncy the trovernor G-eneral. tliu Throne. _,, r, i p i mi The fepecch trom the Throne congratulated the House on the success which had attended the formation of t.. e Mounted Police Force for the North- West, and on the conclusion of Treaties with the Crees and Sauteux. The Supreme Court Bill — which had made its appearance in nearly every Speech from ^he Throne since Confederation — was again promised ; and also a new Insolvency Act. Bills for re-organizing the Government of the North- West Territories ; with reference to Insur- ance, and on the subject of Copyright were promised ; and the announcement made that gratifying progress had been made in the sur- veys of the Canada Pacific Railway, and thai measures had been taken to secure the i-arly completion of the Georgian Bay Brancli. With reference to the commercial depres.sion it was said, " I am happy to believe that notwithstand- ing the general and widespread commercial depression which hais prevailed over the con- tinent, the trade of Canada is sound, and that the contraction we havi' experienced in .some branches of industry for the past year has not been greater than might naturally have been anticipated." On the lifth the Address in reply to the Sjieech from the Throne was moved in the Senate by Hon. D. Wark, seconded by Hon. D. Baillargeon; and in the Commons by Mr. L. H. Frechette, seconded by Mr. (.'olin Mac- dougull. In both Houses it was adopted with- out amendment. 2. — The first question of importance w't''!! attracted the attention of the House was thai of amnesty to the participants in ^1,, A.nne-ty .-ue.- the troubles in the North- West in """• 1869-70. On the 8th February Hon. Mr. Holton inquired whether it was the intention of the Grovernment to submit any propo.sitiou to the Hou.se on the subject of those troubles, and Hon. Mr. Mackenzie replied that it was. On the 11th Hon. Mr. Mackenzie moved a long resolution to the effect that an address should be presented to His Excellency praying that a General Am- nesty .should be extended to all particii)ants in the troubles of 18()0-70, except Riel, Lepine and O'Donohue, and to the two former after live years' banishment. The resolution quoted at length from the evidence taken before the North- West Committee of last session to show that an amnesty had been promised by the late (iovernment ; and Mr. ^Mackenzie tried to make it appear that the present Government was only keeping the faith which the late G-overnment had pledged. The debate was continued for two days by Messrs. Mackenzie Bowel], Sir John A. Macdonald, Hon. Mr. Blake, Wallace, Ryan, Masson, Devlin, Mousseau. Laurier, Hon. Mr. Fournier. Hon. Mr. Cauchon, Ouimet, Frechette, DeCosmos, Desjardins, St. Jean, Pickard, Gaudet, Mackenzie, (Montreal West), ifr: i- *t .ii I t Vi I :V I ■1! m^li »4t! Tl'TTLK'S HISTOIIV OK TFIR DOMINroN OF CANAPA. Coiipal, Pope, ("mrii'V, Sciivcr, Ryinal, Brooks, Fi.sot and Ciuoii. Mr. Movi.sst'uu moved an iiiru'iidiiuMit, lo till' cllt'ct that i'anli'd to all pi'rsons concorri "d iii the North-West troublets, which was neiiutived by a vote ol' 2;! for. l.J2 auainsl. Mr. Farrow ihon moved an amendm.-nt to the tffert that amnesty had been promised to Anhbishop Taehe by some members of the present Cabinet, which was lost on division; and Hon. Mr. Mackenzie's motion was then adojjted — Yeas, 120; Nays. jo. In 1877 amnesty was also ex- tended to O'Donohue — who had been previously excluded on aecnunt of his participation in the Fenian raid in Manitoba, in 1871 — and so the i)itteruess with regard to the troul)les of 18G1I-70 was removed. Amnesty was formally pro- claimed on 2.')th April, 1875. 3. — There still remained one (juestion con- nected with the North-West to settle, and that . was the position of Loixis liiel as a member elect ol the House. We have already stated the circumstances at teiidinii' his expulsion in 187-1, bid the people of Provencher re-elected him, and it became necessary to deal with this question auain. On the lath February, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said he de.sired to intimate to the House the course he proposed to pursue wath regard to the member elect for Provencher. He stated that on Wednesday the 10th instant, the linal sentence of Outlawry was pronounced in the Court of Queen's Bench in Manitoba, and upon the same day the formal record of the sentence was forwarded to the tSecretary of State. He thought it would be the most con- veuient method, and one that perhaps would l)est ])lace upon the jonrnals the precedent for any future action, to have that formal sentence laid upon the table of the House, and to base ripon it the motion for expulsion, precisely as was done in the Imperial Parliament in the case of ( )"Donovan lvos,sa. In that case Mr. Gladstone iirsi laid the judgment of the Court on the table, and then made his motion in accordance with the fact that was established by the Judgment, namely, that he had ceased to be qualihi'd to be a member of the House.* On the 24lh, Jlon. Mr. Mackenzie moved that the sentence of Out- lawry, which had been laid on the table, be read, which was carrie 1'.\I!M,\MI:NT. 1S7.V U7 I SpiMH'h. The oxpi'nditui'cs lor the year ('luliiiii- ■>"lli .liiiic, 1^(4, wiTo $L'n,:)ln a little over $17,.")0n,000. It was pro- po.sed to use $10,000,000 of that to pay off maturing debt, and the remainder on public works, lie defended the course of the Grovern- men in placing the loan, and claimed that a very considerabli< sum in interest had been saved by the transaction. Hon. Dr. Tupper reviewed the linancial statement at considerable length, and was Ibllowed by Messrs. Cartwright, Domville. Mackenzie, Mitchell, Smith, Burpee, i'lumb and (loudue; alter which iln- usual! motion to '4'o into Committee of Sui>ply was j carried. 5.— On tho 2".rd of February. lion. Mr.] Fournier introduced the Supreme Court Bill. The Bill as pa,ssed constitutes a .|.|,,. s,„,r,.„„. Cn,.,i Supreme Court and Court of "'"• Exchequer for thi' D()mini()ii. to l)e Courts of Ixocord and to consist of a Chief Justice and six .Indues, any live being a quorum in term. They are to be cho.sen among Judues of the Superior Courts or barristers or advocates of ten years standiim; two of them must be taken from th(> Judges or barristers or advocates of Quebec; must residi' within five miles of Ottawa ; tenure of ollice same as of other Judges of Siiperior Court><; salaries. Chief Justice, 88.0U0, of Judges, 87,000. Two sessions to be held vearly in Ottawa, beginning on the third Moiulay in January, and lirst Monday in June. The Court to have criminal and civil jtirisdiction throughcmt Canada, and decisions to be llnal. the riu'ht to appeal to the Imperial Courts l)eing taken away except so far as it atfects Imperial interest. The second reading took place on the ItUh March, when a short discussion took place in which Messrs. Palmer. Taschereau, Mills, Irving, Moss. Wilkes and Cameron participated. On the motion for the third readmg, on 30th March, Mr. AVhite moved the six months hoist, which was lost, Yeas, 38 ; Nays, 121. Several amendments were proposed and lost ; and Mr. Irving nlfered an amendment to the etl'ect that the decisions of the Court should be linal (which was no' in the original Bill) which was accepted by Hon. Mr. l""ournier, aiul. aft(M- some debate, adopted by a vote of 112 for, to 40 auainst. Some furlhiu' ameiulments were voted down and the Bill passed its third reading. (J. — The House was prorogued on the 8th of April, His I'lxcellency gi\ ing assent to fifty-six public and forty-two private and Mi.^ciiaiunii.^ Li-l-i- local Acts. Amongst th(! most '""""•' ''■•"'■•"-"'"""• I important Acts passed were, an Act amending the Postal Act, providing for the free delivery of letters in cities and towns, changing the rate im I ii!l MS TUTTLKS IIlSToin- OK TIIK I>()MINION OK CANADA. of lunvsimpi-r i)()stii;^c to one cont per pound, and inlioiluc inn- other chiiimi-s; an Insolvency Act. Ont* of till' most inii)oiliiiit IJills was that piovidinL;- a Torritorial Govfrnnicnt lor thi' Noi'tli-Wcst T'-nitorics, entirely independent ol" Manitoba, the (iovernnient to consist oi' a Lieu- tenant Governor, (salary, |i7,0()()), and a t'oimcil ol' live, (salary, $l,(tOO each.) A Copyright Act Was also i)asse(l. and a.ssent to it reserved, The 15111 was suhsequeiil ly apjiroved. "f ThmIc. CHAPTER XLVI. (iOVKIIN.MKNT OKTIIK KAI.'L OF DIKKKIJIX— I'lMNCIKAl, KVKNT.SOK is?."). 1. I)Tii::i! AcciDK.VTs.— 5. Makixe Di.^asters. — 0. ()T1;!'1! EVE.NTS of the VEAl!. 1. — The lil'th annual meeting of the Dominion ISoard ol' Tradi' wa 'leld in the Railway Cnininittee Room. Ottawa, com- mencing on the lUth January, and la.sting lour days. The President, W. H. Rowland, ]!]sq., presided. The first subject discussed was that of advising the establishment of a l)ej)artment of Commerce in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture, to be pre- sided over by a Cabinet Minister. Mr. Thomas "White, Jr.. moved an amendment to the effect that the Dei)artment should be dis'inct Irom the Department of Agriculture, as everything that DepartnuMit had attempted in the way of statis- tics had ))een a failure. After some disciission the amendment was carried. Mr. Adam IJrown moved that the question of establishing Tribu- nals of Commerce or Arbitration Courts be broiiiiht under the special notice ol the Minister of Justice. The resolution was adopted after a short debate, which showed that the delegates felt that a system of arbitration would be lar preferable to the existing costly and tedious modes of litigation. Considerable discu.ssion took place cm the rights of telegrajth companies to construct their lines alonu' certain railroads, l)ut no decision was arrived at. A lonii' deliate occurred on the proposed terms of the Reci- procity Treaty which Hon. Mr. IJrown had been endeavouring to get accepted at Washing- ton, some of the clauses being approved and others condemned. A motion to the ell't><'t that thi^ ICxIraditioii Treaty between Canada and the United States should be so amended as to include fraudulent de])etors was discussed, l)ut was not adopted. Resolutions were adopted with reference to holding enijuiries in all cases of shijiwrecks, and also to placing fog whistles at certain points in the Gulf A resolution was introduced l)y Hon. Mr. Stairs, on behalf of the Halifax Chamber of Com- merce, to the effect that the stamp tax on liills of Exchange was very troublesome and annoyina', and as it yielded but little revenue, it should be repealed as soon as po.ssible. A longdi.scu.ssiou ensued, the arguments not being so much in favor of th(! tax as against decreasing the revenue and two amenduKMits were lost, after which the motion was carried on a division by a vote of 26 to 20. Mr. Clemow, of Ottawa, read a A'ery int(>r(>stinu' paper on the iron resources of the Ottawa Valley, in which he argued that only a slightly protective tariff was needed to develope this industry; and moved that the paper be presented to the Crovernor-in-Council as the opinion of the Board. Mr. Fry moved in amendment that the paper be printed in the Mintites, and after some discussion the amend- ment was carried by 24 to IS. Mr. Sewell, of the Levis Board of Trade, spoke in favor of the practicability of the winter navigation of the St. Lawrence, claiming that a stout steamer could make from eight to nine knots an hour throttgh the floe ice, and that there was no of DrFFFinx— i'Ijixcipal fvhnts of is-n. 449 Firi's to the Wi'lland Canal, and to incvcast^ thu depth | to Iburtcon fcot. Mr. C. 1'. Fairweathcr, of Now Bninswick, was elected rresidont lor the ensuing year, and alter the usual votes of thanks ; the Board adjourned sine 'lie. 2. — The iires of 1875 were neither so numer- ous or so eostly as those of some other years, still they showed a lars-e augre- gate loss of life and property. On the 11th January Winnipeg, Manitoha, had its lirst great fire, several business houses and dwellings lieing destroyed, and damage to the extent of $15,U00 done. About one o'clock on the morning of the 25th January, the farm-house of Vierre Delude, about three miles from Boucherville, 1'. Q.. took lire, nnd buriiecl no rapidly that althoiigh he esciDcd his wife and eight rhiidren were burned t » death, indeed so completely destroyed that a.il that was found of the nine persons would not have tilled a com- mon soap box. On the 9th March the Grand Trunk offices and car-shop at Point St. C'harle.s, Montreal, were entirely destroyed, and $50,000 worth of damage done. The largest lire of the year occurred on the 0th June, when the immen.se saw-mill of Gilniour & Co.. situated in Hull, r.Q., and said to be tlie largest and most completi' mill of the kind in Canada, was com- pletely destroyed, involvinu' a lo.ss of $1.">0,000. The city of Hull was in ureal danger, for then- was nearly 10,000,000 feet of lumber in tlie piling yards adjoining the mill, and if that had caught nothing coiild have saved a very large destruction; but, fortunately the exertions of the firemen confined tlie Ifanies to the mill. Extensive forest fires raged in Nova Scotia, and on the Upi)er Ottawa in June, and did very considerable damage. The saddest fire of the year occurred about eleven o'clock on the night of the 4th of Deceml)er, in Lajeunesse's hotel. Hack River, lU'ar Montreal, when the f)rilliant and elo(iuent young Irish i)riest, Fiilher Murphy, and his friend, Father Lynch, met an untimely end. They had stop|)ed at the hotel on their way to St. Therese, and were in a room on the second floor, when a gas machine near their room exploded, and they wi're sull'oiated and 54 Thf (filil)iipl i:l.-e. burned l)efore help could reach them. :]. — A funeral of more than ordinary importance took i)lace in the Cote des Neigcs Cenu'tery, Montreal, on the 10th November when the remains of Jo.seph (iuibord, who had then been dead nearly six years — were finally disposed of, after much litin'ation as to where their last resting place should be. Mr. Guibord was a printer of standing and respectability in the City of Montreal, and a member of the Roman Catholic Church with which he was in good favor until h(\joined the Int^litiff Canndien, a f.,iberal Catholic organization whicli incurred the displeasure of the Church l)y the independence of its views; and which displeasure .so much increased that its members were excommunicated by the Bishop. ( )n the | 18th November, 1800, Joseph Guibord died of apoplexy, and burial with the usual ceremonies of his Church was denied him on the ground that he had died at variance with the Church. The friends of Guibord, however, were not di.^- posed to accei)t withoixt remonstran-h the Courts for over five years, Ijoing decided both for and auainst the l'"abrique and at last was appealed to the Privy Council. The contention in the ca,M' may be l)riefly stated as this : the Fabri(iue held that the matter was a purely ecclesiastical one and did not come within the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts at all; that the Church had an undoul)ted right to regulate its own s|)iritual matters and to say whu should or should not be regarded as a memlier; that (Juibord had died without the pale of the Church and, therefore could iu)t be accorded Christain burial. On the other hand the hisliliil (.'inidtlien contended that the Fabrique had entered into a civil cimtract 'f-l I I i'i ii ■!:i I 450 Tl'TTr.K'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. with (rui])orcl which it was bound to oarry out ; it liad sold and reci'ivt'd the money for a piece or land lor the specific and well defined purpose of its being used as a burial jdace for Guibord when he died, and that, therefore, when he did die the Fabrique was bound to carry out the contract and bury him. The Privy Council decided that Guibord had a civil riglit to be buried, and so ordered. The case had attracted the attention of the whole Dominion, specially in Quebec and t)nTario, the former upholding the Ecclesiastical and the latter the Civil power, and " Poor Guibord's bones '" had almost became a stock heading in the newspap(>rs, when, on the 2nd of September, an attempt was made to carry out the order of the I'rivv Council and have what was left ol' * I Giiibord buried. On that day the coffin was < removed from the vault of the Protestant ! Cemetery and taken to the Koman Catholic | Cemetery at Cote des Xeige.^ where a ' grave had bi'i'u dug next to that of Madame | Guibord, who had died while the case was pending. liut Guibord"s bones were not to rest in peace yet. The case had attracted great attention amongst the lower orders of I'rcn h ]Jomau Catholics, who regarded the order of the Privy Council as an attempt to over-.ide the Church ; and, accordingly, when the funeral cortege reached the Cemetery gates it found an infuriated crowd which barred the entrance, .closed the gates, and refused to allow the hear.se to enter ; while some of the crowd, to inak^ assurance doubly sure, tilled up the grave. There was no funeral that day. The coffin was returned to ihc Protestant vault, and a strong- guard of i)olice placed in the Cemetery, it hav- ing been freely threatened that the vault would be forced, and the colfin and its contents abstracted and destroyed, so as to render burial impossible. For the next six weeks the exiite- ment rose to a fearful pitch ; the case was now regarded as a struggle between Church and Slaltv and it was felt that it must be made ajiparent that the State was supreme, not the Cl.'urcl) ; and that the order of the highest Legal Court in the Umpire must be obeyed, no matter whom it might offend. The counsel for the Institul Cnnmlien, Mr. Joseph Doutre, Q.C., waited until the formal decree of the Privy Council had been received, before making the second attempt to have Guibord buried, and when that attempt was made on the 16th No- vember, every precaution had been taken to in- sure the carrying out of the order of the Privy Council, even by force of arms if necessary. The whole volunteer force in Montreal and every policeman who coixld be spared from duty, was called into requisition, and few of the military heroes who have been buried in Montreal, were ever escorted to the grave by so imposing a military force as that which followed the remains ot the poor printer to their last resting place. This time there was no disturbance. The gates were open, the grave dug, and Guil)ord's coffin finally deposited in \i — with rather " Maimed rights ' as far as the Church was concerned, but still the order of the Privy Council was carried out and he was buried. On account of the fear that the body would be exhumed, the grave had been made much larger than usual and partly filled with cement and scrap iron before the coffin was ' placed in it, and after that was done the grave was filled up with the same material so that ! the colhn was enclosed in an immense mass of cement and iron, several barrels being used. There was no attempt at exhumation, however, for His Lordship Bishop Bourgct unconsecrated that portion of the Cemetery in wdiich Guibord ; lies, and as the Catholics considered that the disgrace of having an excommunicated person buried in holy ground was thereby removed, the excitement soon died out, and Guibord's bones were left to rot in peace. 4. — A railway accident of an unusual kind occurred on the Richmond, Drummond and Arthabaska Railway on the .wen- H,iu,,„, „,„, „„,„ , ing of the 28th September. '"•'■'■''■""• whereby 11 persons lost their lives and 28 were injured. Shortly after six oClock six platform cars with an engine behind them left Yamaska for Sorel, having on board about 7.") workmen who had been engaged on the roaa-goinii' vessels, the number of casualties reported being 204, involving the loss of .SS8 lives and property to the value of over $2,500,000. The most appalling disaster of the year as far as the number of lives was concerned, occurred about 9 o'clock on the evening of the 4th Nov- ember when the steamer Pacific from Victoria, B. C. to San Francisco, collided with the sailing ship Orpheus, and was almost immediately sunk, and out ■ f the 238 persons she had on i board only two v/ere saved. The Pacific had j about 600 tons of freight on board and $178,000 in specie. The Orpheun did not oiler to render ' any assistance, but sailed away from the sinking I steamer which went down so suddenly that ' there was no time to Ui'inch the boats. The [ next disaster in point of magnitude was the loss I of the steamer Vic/cuhurf^, of the Dominion Line by which 76 lives and a cargo valued at about 1100,000 were lost. Th.' Vicksl)i(r the boats waw lowered, but only live of the crew got into the iirst, nine crew and three passenu'ers into the second, and about thirty persons into the third, the remainder of the crew and pjissengers going down with the ship, which sunk about half- past six. The l)oat with five men in it W'as picked up by the steamer Georgia and carried to New York, and the one with three passenyers —amongst whom was Mr. 13. McShane, of Mon- treal — and nine crew was picked up by an Amerii'an fishing vessel, and taken to St. Johns, Newfoundland. The third boat was never beard of. 6. — Several changes took place in the Cabinet during the year. On the 18th ^Liy, the Hon. D. A. Macd' aald, Postmaster- „„,,,. ^,^.^,,„, „,. „,^, General, was appoint .'d Lieuten- '"■'"■• ant Grovernor of Ontario, and his porticlio was taken by Hon. Telesphore Fournier, MinLster of Justice; on the same day Hon. Edward Blake again entered the Cabinet, and accepted the office of Minister of Justice. On the 8th of October, Hon. Telesphore F'ournier was aji- pointed one of the Puisne Judges of the Supreme Court, and on the following day Hon. L. S. Huntington, President of the Privy Coun- cil, was appointed I*ostmaster General vice Fournier. The Presidency of the Council was not filled until the 7th December, when the Hon. J. E. Cauchon was sworn of the Privy Council, and appointed to the Presi- dency of Jiat body. On the 15(h May His Excellency left Canada on a pleasure trip to England, where he remained until the 22nd October. On the 18th June, the change of gauge on the completed portions of the Intercolonial was commenced, and rapidly completed. One very noticeable feature of the year was the large immigration of Mennonites .»-. ;! k'5;;l.' xi It !.|E ^Hi ir)2 TUTTI^KS iriSTOIJY OF TllK UOMIXION OF CANADA. who settlod in Manitoba, being induced thereto by the lavorable reports oi' the eolony which had settled in the Province the provions year. One ol' the .saddest event.s ol' the year was the unprovoked attack on a (.'atholic procession ol' Avomen and children while makinij- a "pilgrim- age "' in Toronto, on Sunday, 2Gth September, })y a party of Oranuc Younu' IJritons, in which a number of persons — especially policemen — were very severely injured, but fortunately, no lives were lost, although revolvers were freely used. This was one of the outcroppings of the Guil)ord afiair, the Orangemen having the idea that the Catholics were defying the civil authority, and refusing to bury Ouibord after the Privy Covmcil had ordered his interment. It is only just to the respectable body of Orangemen to say that they strongly con- demned the action of the rowdy element of the order. Trade remained dull, and times hard, and one of the most significant signs oi the times was the meeting of over 100 leading maniifacturers in Toronto, on the 26th Novem- ber, and the adoption of resolutions in favor of a protective jiolicy on the part of the Canadian (Jovernment as against United States manufactures. CIIAPTEW XLVII. (lOVElJXMK.XT OFTIli: KMUj OF DUFFKUIX— CA.NAh.V AT TllK CKNTFXXXIAL. 1. IIisToKic.vi, iMPoin'ANci': 01-" Intkux.vtion.\l ExiIIIilTION.^. — 2. OlilGIN OK THE PlIIIiADKIi- iMii.v K.MiiurnoN. — 3. A ohkat .natioxai, EXI'KUIMKNT ENTI-;itlCl) UI'dN WITH SEI.!-" COX- I'lDKNCE AXl) EXTHfSIAS.M. — 4. TlIE Ht'N'li- Alil-E ClIAIiACTER OK THE ExilUilTIoX AS A WHOLE. — O. CoSMOl'OMTAN SrilUT 0I>' TlIE Amekicax ixviT.vrioN. — •!. IIeaijty ues- I'OXSE TO THE INVITATION. — 7. THE CaXADIAX CoMMISSIoNEI{S. XatIoXAL Al'I'RECI.VTIOX oK THEIR SERVICES. — 8. TllEIR RESl'OXSIHI MTIES AND DIKFICri-TIES AM) THEIR INITIATORY i'lax ok meetino them. — 0. provincial Advisory Hoards. Their success. — 10. 1'laxs for ii,lu.- hailed as an event of great importance, for whether its object be the „. . . , •' lli.'ss. In this chai)ter we have to record the history, and general character and results, of another of the.se great undertakings in which tiie Dominion of Canada bore a high and conspicuously honourable part, and which has done more to display to the world her vast material resources, and rapidly developing industries, to prove the eneruy, enterprise and skill ol her pcojjle, and to elevate her in the scale of nations, than any event in her history which has occurred within the memory of men now living. To the Canadian reader of to-day, in whose mind the achievements of his country. *!'■'■ OVINCIAL ^SS. — - 10. DIAN IN- IHIT.- -11. AXl) AT- Thk AU- HI BITS. — mi; NTS.— ■Kits AND OUS.- -15. HES- -IG. (iOVKI.'N.MKNT OF TlIM KAJJL OK DIKKKIMN— CAN'AI>.\ AT T(IH ("KNTKXNIAF-. ^^^ at this exhibition of tht^ world's industries, are still vividly inipros.scd, t ho comprehensive sketch which appears in these pa^es may not have the charm and freshness which l)eloii->- to descriptions of those hislra of the nations held a (juarter of a century ago. The distance which lends enchant- ment to old time history will be wantinu" here. But the time will c()me.--the time, perhaps, when Canuda shall be holding an International Exhibition of her ow]i--wheii a vital interest, in this recent national event, will be felt liy explorers amoni^si these repertoires of Canadian annals, and it is none the less the duty of a faithful historian to leave on record those promi- nent facts and features of his theme, l)y which alone jiosterity can estiu;atv' arif^'bl the jiart which his country has ])layed, and the rank which has l)een assigned her, at an exposition of such trauscendant importance to her own national interests and welfare. 2. — The circumstances under which the In- ternational Exhibition at Philedelphia was held, may be very brielly recited. On I'li'i'i'hii'iphiM the third of March, 1871, the Government ot the united .states, having determined to ci'lebrate the hundredth anniversary of their indepe"^'^"iice, created, liy an Act of Congress, the Uniieu States Centen- nial Commission to providt> for ''An Internat ional l']xliibitiou of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine.'' to be held in the city of Philadeliihiii, in the year 187(5. By anoth(>r Act of Congress, bearing date the 1st day of June, 187i', a Centennial Board of Finance was appointed to make the necessary arrangements lor carrying out the objects of the Commission. j These Acts of Conii-ress were approved and I coniirmed on the iJrd day of July, 187t{, by a 1 proclamation of the President of the United States, and on the lii'th ot that month, the Secretary of State. Mr. Hamilton Fish, notiiied the same to the several foreign Ministers at ; Washington. On the oth of .Tune. 1S74, an Act of Congress was approved extending invitations to take part in the Exhibition to foreign gov- j ernments, and a formal invitation was forthwith ! sent to Her Majesty's Government through the i [ ^ nsual channels, and to the Oovernment of Canada. Thus was calli^l into existence, for the first time, a celebration of the National Independence of one ol Enyland's oldest and greatest Colonies, in which thi' members of the Colonial Empire everywhere were cordially invited to join, and at which they were destined to exhibit to admiriny- millions proofs of their rising power and ureatne.s.x, of I heir ch'voted loyalty to the Mother country, and of a sympathy with the people of the Fnitcl States so strong and heartfelt as to make it appear to j| the representatives of other races that the Anglo Saxon, in whatever part of the earth he may be planted, is ever striving for that excellence which is alike benelicial to himself and his fellow men. 3.— We can well ixnderstand that, with all the self-conlidence of the American people — and the liery trials of a cruel civil war a lt.mi niiii..n:,i hi . ,1 , i'\|iMri ill iMitcrf.l ad given tliein every reason to n wim mMc.mi rely on the patriotism ol the tnii,,,,,,,.,!! nation — the period immediately i)receding the opening of their International Exhibition was one of no little anxiety and apprehen.sion. Then' was much in the occasion selected, and its associations, to beget anything but forgetfuhiess of a Past that should never have been — much to test generous thoughts, mutual forbearance and conciliation, and sentiments of national kindliness. Now that the event itself is rele- gated to the 'lomain of history, we know how little these sentimental objections availed in view of the pra'Uical importance and results of what was alter all a great practical undertakiiiii'. it was, however, a bold and in some repects. a perilous enterprise— bold in its inception and primary design, but bolder still in those lofty aims by which its ultimate success was in a large measure to be judged. In this one particular at least it came I'ar short of the iMiizlish Ivxhibi- tion of 18'tl. That was confcs.sedly the most novel and daring proposition of them all. It had no precedent to refer to, no statistics to build upon. It had to be carried into execution by means invented impromptu for the occasion, while the whole world looked on, prepared to ' '•i1( ! II 454 TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OK CANADA. coiult'uiii or ai)pliiutl as the issue iniiiht deter- mine. The riiiladelphiii Exhibition was more t'ortunate in these nspects. It had in a measure the advantaueous test oi' experience. In all its plans and arrangements, its internal economy and classiiit ation, and the innumerable minute details ol' .so vast an undertakiiiii'. its directors had much in their favour. They had all the varied tearhinus of its predecessors to learn from — the knowledue of their dilliruities and obstacles, and the means of surmounting them. Still, with all this experience of old world exhibitions, they could not but feel that they were entering upon ;■. work which was to form an epoch in the lil'e of a newer and much younger civilization — a work which was of vital moment to the Republic, and which must be accomplished in a manner not unworthy of its great progenitors. 80 far as this continent was concerned, it had all the vague anticipations of an experiment which, if not altogether new, was at least to be tried under conditions and circumstances very diti'erent from any which had hitherto i)revailed. The leading journals of the United States, and American correspond- ence in foreign newspapers, had invested the Exhibition with a pri'tentiousn(>ss which invited almost an unsjiaring critici.sm. They teemed with glowing descriptions of what the assembh d peoples of all nations would then for the first time witness under an American sky, and on American soil. It behoved the I people to see that these pretensions were well sustained, that, having cho.sen their own time for holding the Exhibition, having selected their vantage ground at pleasure, having to j lace the real difhiulties presented by the trans- portation of exhibits from points very far distant, or places altogether isolated from even ! telegraphic communication with the western continent, the drawliacks incident to the remoteness of the nuiin point of attraction from other great industrial centres, and the i possible chances of lontinental wars and other formidalile complications which always menaci^ i the jx'ace of the world, that their trial at this , industrial assize ol the nations, and the verdict ; which would th(>re be passed upon them, was one which had better not have been courted. All these considerations of possible risk and disaster, aiul many more, nnist have been presented to the intelligent, thinking body of the American people in their busy season of prejjaration, l)ut, whether they did or not, we failed to lind, either in their press, amongst the citizens of their lar^e civic communities, or the skillful artificers and handicraftsmen of their busy hives of labour and industry, any fear of unkindly re\ er.ses, any prognostications of evil '■>r t'leir brth^^oming Elxhibition. Huoyant, full ' o'io- and a great deal of pardonable bragga- V • v'a, 1 u V did not stop to brood idly over m: 'V.rtune- . hich might never come, but set about its pro^,ecution as if complete success were already assured. The national pride was aroused, and the energy and ingenuity, the wealth and resources of the Republic, were laid under tribute to exact from the world contributions to what proved to be a very for.nidable rival of the far-famed exhibitions of mouiirchical Europe. 4. —The A'erdict which the American people challenged, and secured, from the whole world was one which did them the , . , , , r , The lionoiirnblc hm'hest degree ol honour — an .iinnietcv > ■ ■ liiliiliciii a.-i 11 whole. honour in which the Dominion, from the signal success which crowned its own etlbrts at the Exhibition, is fully entitled to share. Like the peoples of older countries, wheie history has l)een repeating itself for centuries, the people of the United Slates had telt the evils and curse of war. At I'hiladelphia they made a splendid trial of what could be effected by the arts and virtues of peace. Ten years before they were just emerging, bleeding and crippled, from a conflict the most dreadful and sanguinary of modern times. They then proved how a nation, unused to arms, could exhibit warlike hardihood, enterprise, and for- titude, and could endure, for the sake of national unity, the greatest and most painful sacrilices. Their deadly strugii'le for the preservation of the Union was magnificently rewarded at Phi- ladeli)hia. They there showed how a powerful, (iOVERNMKNT OF TlIK MAUL OF DUFFKIUN— CANADA AT TlIF CKNTKNNMAL. 15.-1 because an undividfcl, people, who had settled their own ditierences, could remove, ior the time beiiiii', all dillerences and distiuitions between the other great members of the human family. They, at all events, proved that they could, in an incalculable degree, promote the comi'ort, enlarge the knowledge, and strengthen the kindly aflections of mankind towards each other ; that they could i)roduce eilects much iiobler and more lasting than those of war, more profitable to the world generally, and more consonant with the lessons which are derived from our common Christianity ; that they could achieve a triumph of industry, instead of a triumph of arms ; and, by their readiness to sign a treaty of universal amity, break dovyn inter- national barrii'vs, and form an universal repiiblic of all nations. They can, too, claim the merit of having inspired every department of human skill and labour with new motives and fresh power for the conquests which lie before them, and of having given the mind of hiimanity an upward impulse, the effects of which will be increasingly beneficial as the years roll on. All this was evident not merely in the vast and varied collections of the Exhibition itself, but in the pi-oofs which these afforded of the boundless capacity for prodution of those who made them. As a comparative and competitive display of natural products, inventive ingenuity, industrial skill, and artistic taste — as a mar- vellous as,semblage of interesting, useful, and charming objects — treasures of art, as well as of science and nature, the Exhibition was an abso- lute success. A.S a living, palpable record of philosophical transactions, it was invaluable, for it displayed and described not merely the triumphs of .science, but showed, with the best models and most perfect ai)paratus of the time, the application of science to every branch of industrial art. Its highest value, however, con- sisted not so much in the many things which all these were intended to do, as in the one thing which they had so often done already, and to which they were there to testify — the develop- ment of man's own character with all its fertility of resource, its dogged perseverances under uiganti arrangements difficulty, listress, and disappointment, its care of all past acfjuisitions, its unl)ounded faith in all kiuds of future possibilities. No one could traverse the transepts and corridors of these magnificent Exhibition buildings, and their annexe.s, filled with the treasures of the congre- gated publics of the nations without takini>- a broader view of human destiny, and without having his highest hopes of the future quick- ened and expanded. ."). — Whatever character for selfishness the American people had to lose, it was pluin to every visitor at rhiladeli)hia . in J 876, triat they liad no desire niihc AmcHiMn to make their Exhibition a mere advertisement for themselves. The for fo . .a'lJ exhil)itors were of the most complete anc. li nil kind, and their whole iindertakinur was M-tered upon in a truly cosmopolitan spirit. Invitations were issued to the whole world to brinu- its choicest productions and compete with the most powerful 'presentative of Democracy, and with each iher, in amicable rivalry, and these were universally accepted. Ger- many and France, Russia and Turkey were there to contend for another mastery than that of war — for other victories than those which follow the sword and lii'lds of slaugh- tered battalions. To them as to all, the sum- mons from this side the Atlantic was a sum- mons to the peaceful arena of a nobler com- petition, whi're the superiority or predomin- ance of one country may be built, not itpon the depression and prostration of another, but where each might strive which could do most to em- bellish, improve, and elevate our coininon humanity. It was a summons that delied the ordinary restraints of space and distance, and was heard through and beyond all the barriers of colour, creed, and nationality. It went forth to insulated and far distant centres of civiliza- tion like China and Japan — to countries many thousands of miles apart — to unmapped islands of the remote East, and the comparatively un- known and untrodden wildernesses of the far North — to the earliest seats of sciencts and the h 1 .;. , I . I li : f >■ J5« Tl'TTr-KS TIlSTOnV OF TIIK DOMINIOX OF TAXAHA. arts, and to comiuuiiitii's still si'iiii-l)ivrl>iU'ons. From every rliin.ite, mid every zone, came .something? of nature's hounteous yil'ts, or of man's thoii<>'ht and handiwork, his steady per- severance, or snbtle industry. The oldest arts and the m-wesl inventions, tho raresi sperimens of ^kill and taste — all alike challenued compa- rison and lontrast in that microeosm of the pm- duets of nil nations. Uritain with her countless colonies and po.ssessions was tlicre to strive for the peaceful triumphs of the English ractv The multitude of her Imsy workshops and mines at the seat of the Empire, the lields and forests ol Canada and Australasia, tlio remote d''penden- cies ol the .M'riean eontinent, the rich dyes and cunning- looms of Ilindostan and the far East, were there to attest the wide spreadini;' opera- tions of those who. wherever they be, or by whatever name called, are still our fellow countrymen. G. — Canada especially felt ronstrained to make a zealous respon.se to the call of a neiij'h- boring people, and to brinu' into action all the resources at the disposal of an undisturbed country enjoying the full viii'our of its natural strenuth. To the American people the Exhibi- tion was an ali'air ol'supreme and overshadowiiui' interest, and Canadians could not be iiulili'erent to any scheme seriously alfecting the fame and f(n-tunes of a nation with whose industrial destinies their own were linked .so closely. On intimation of the intended E.vhibition beinu' given to the (iovernment of Canada, the matter was warmly taken up, and every eifort made by the Government of the Dominion, aiul the several Provincial Crovernment.s. to enlist the enthusiasm of the Canadian people in the project. When the subject was l)rou!}'ht ])efore Parliament great interest was nuuii tested by the members of l)oth Houses, and a univi'rsal wish was expressed that the ajipi-arance of Canada, as one of the nations of the civilized wcn-ld, at Philadelphia, should be worthy of the country and its people, as will as of the historical occasion itself An item was placed in the estimates for the puri)ose, and the lion. Alexan- llriirly rv.<|i"ii-i' I rlu- irivitiiti'iii ill C:iiumIii. liiin < ■'iiiiiii-.iuiK.rs. — .\;ltl<>n,ll .l|i|>ri'(-inti(III il tlii'ir MTvk't..'. der Mackenzie, Premier of the Dominion Government, introduced in the House of Commons a resolution which was unanimously carried, appropriating the stun of SlOO.OdO.OO in aid of the ( 'aiiadian objects of ti.e I'^xhibition. This sum. as the result proved, was amply suilicient to carry out the intentions ol' Parlia- mi'nt in a manner accordant with its patriotic feeling, so much so that, when the Exhibition closed, and all tht! attendant expenses and liabilities of the Canadian Section had been handsomely provided for, it was found that the wisdom and prudence of the Dominion Com- missioners had saved a larn'e sum otit of the national funds whiih had l)een committed to their charge for Exhibition purpo.ses. 7. — The lirst step towards organization was taken by the ap])ointment by the Government of a Canadian Commission. This .|,|^ , Commission was composed of th Hon. 1.1. Letellier de St. .lust, ' Minister of Agriculture, who was ex-o/ficio President, the Hon. E. G. Penny, of Montreal, a member of the Semite of Canada, and i Mr. Dougall Macdougall of Berlin, Ontario. Mr. Letellier, on his subsequent elevation to the Lieutenant-Governorship of Quebec, was replaced by the Hon. C. P. Pelletier, his sue- cessor in the same dejiartnient of the Govern- ment. It is a fact worthy of notice, in this connection, that of these Commissioners, the two uptm whom the buith' n ami heat of the day fell, Messrs. Penny and Macdougall, were, or had been, associated all their lives with the profession of journalism. Mr. Penny, a clever and versatile writer, had bv-en for many years the able Editor of the Montreal Herald, a lead- ing organ of public opinion in the commercial metropolisof Canada, while Mr. Macdougall had been honourably connected with the local press in dill'erent parts of Ontario, and only reliiujuish- ing his active duties as a journalist on his appointment, some years previous by his poli- tical friends, to the JJegistrarshii) of the County of Waterloo. The manner in which these two gentlemen discharged their didiciilt and onerous duties, as Jilxecutive Commissioners for the. —a (JOVKUXMENT or TIIK EARL <)|' KIFFKKIX— CANADA AT THE CENTENNIAL 457 Domiiron, and tht> untiriiig onersy, tact and patii'nce, which I hey displayod, as icpiosenta- tivt's abroad ol" thi'ir (I ovi'rumi'nt, and gt-neiiilly in carrying out tho objects ol" the Commission, wore universally acknowlt'dgcd. Flattcriuy- allusions were mado to thfir scrvicfs by the press ol' l)oth political parties, and in the del)ates of both Houses oi' Parliament : they each ] received a diploma <>[' thanks IVoni the Govern- | ment, accompanied by the Dominion uold medal, ! and were made the recipients of similar honours on the part of the American Government, accom- \ panied by the International bron/e medal of the j United States. Mr. Joseph Terrault, ex-M.P., of Montreal, was named Secretary of the | Commission, and a small, but intelligent and \ energetic, staff was selected to co-operate with him in carrying out the directions i>f the Com- missioners. 8. — The task conJided to these gentlemen was a very responsible one, and the dilliculties which Tl,oirre.„„n.il.ilitu.s ^'^'^^'t ^^^^'^ ^t the Very OUtset Ih^I'lnUiatonVians Were neither few nor unimport- „r meeting the,,,. .j^^ ^^^^^ ^^,^_^^^ obstacles pre- sented themselves in enlistinu' the general sympathies of the people, and obtaining the co-operation of the industrial interests of the country, and no doubt did eventually prevent many valuable exhibits from being sent to Philadelphia. One of these was the illiberal tariff of the United States, which made it im- possible to hope that any transactions with the j citizens of that country could arise from the ! comparison of goods and prices; the other was [ the great linancial depression which prevailed universally, and which dampened the com- mercial spirit, and, to a certain extent, jiaraly/ed the industrial energies, of our people. It thus early became a subject of no little anxiety to determine the manner in which the wishes of ' the Government should be carried out, and the method which shouUl bi' adopted in securing an adequate collection and representation of the j various products and industries of the country. The several Provinces of tht> Dominion had already made their appearance at previous Inter- national Exhibitions, but it was felt that the 65 manner in which Canada, as a whole, should show herself at Philadelphia, must be on a far more extended scab; than at London, Paris, or Vieniia. This was made necessa'-y l)y the cjr- cnr.istancjs of the K.\hibition takinu' place on the coniinent of which Canada forms a part, where, therefore, if sh<' were seen at all, it must be t() take rank as an important American povA'(>r. Her proximity, moreover, to the place of Exhibition made it imperative that the plan adopted should be a widely comprt>hensive one, embracing, not a few exhilnts seleer. The ai-eater part of the specimens of mineral ores, &c., were exhi- bited uiuler the superintendence of Professor A. R. C. Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, to whose care and energy, in their classilicaticm and arrangement, and the prepara- tion of a scientilic and descriptive catalogue, may be attributed much of the success which was achieved in this department of the Cana- dian Section. 11. — The exhibition of lumber was, for a long time, the subjei t of much perplexity. Those connected with that hiiihly im- .,., , , ... .. J I he liiinlii'r c.vliibil. portant interest were generally ;l",';.'.',''.i'i'"^;;',j,",'i,.,,f anxious to exhil>it a larye quan- '"'''">■ tity amounting to several hundred thousand feet. It was thought by them that the lumber trade of the United States woirld be very largely represented, and that in order to impress the spectator with the extent of our own forest resources, it would be necessary to cover a great area with this description of goods. The expense of transportinii- such an immense (plan- tity of bulky material was one obvious objection to this, and the combustible luiture of the material itself, if disjilayed in one immense exhibit, was another. Ten thousand feet of each description of luml)er was hnully accepted under conditions satisfactory to the lumbermen. Several large lirms, engaged in the trade, fur- nished considerable quantities of the choicest description of sawn lumber, while the Govern- (ioVKIJNMKNT Ol' TIIK KAIM, OK |)l'FFKI{I\--('.\\.\ l».\ AT TIIK CKXTKXM Al,. l.-.'.t moiits ofM^iioltor niul Now Brunswick fxpondt'd I uioiicy lilxTully in iMDciiriiiu mund and s(juiirt' timhcr, some ol' wliii h was of mtv large size. | Much interest was cx'ilcd aniou!'' visitors l)y specimens ol' \\u' Douiilas pine I'roni IJritish Columbia. Some ol' these were taken I'mm trees oight feet in diameter. The plan adopted I'or the display ol' all these hunher exhihits was ; a novel one. They were all ingeniously put touvthor, anil huill up in ;• prominent place in the iiiouiuls, in the form ol' a Canadian log- house, in which alone the sawn lumber com- prised about eighty thousand feet — an edilice ; which attracted a great deal ol' attention, and ol' which drawiniis were published in most ol' the illustrated |)apers ol' the world. .\\ one corner of this lou-house — lit emblem ol' the homes ol' i nuvny thousands of hardy settlers in the back woods of Canada— was to be seen rising linu e- j I'ully up, full a hmulred I'eet from its l)ase, the tallest llag-stall" in the exhibition — an immen.se and l)eautirul siiar I'rom New Brunswick — and, I'rom the summit of this the broad folds of the Ihm- of the Dominion were Hung to the breeze. 12. — The arrangements which were made to ensure a proper disi>lay of sonn' other Canadian interests were equally satisfac- One of the most important and rising branches ol Canadian manixfacture is that of cheese, of which lu) less than thirty-live million pounds were exported in the last fiscal year preceding the opening of the Exhibition. It was very desirable that a growing interest of this kind should be fairly represented, and that the best display possible shoidd b(> made. Liberal as.sistauce was liiven the dairymen of the Dominion, and when it was found impossible to expose their products in the Agricultural Hall of the I'lxhibiti' 1. and the dairymen of t!ie j United States oll'eriM to join them in the con i stru..iiM'"iiiur torv and successtul o.xl.iliil,-. ■' the Ontario Dairy Associatimi, and was univer- sally acknowledged to be far superior to any- thing of the kind in the whole Kxhibition. In providing for thi' s or damage in the transimrlation of the animals to I'hiladel- pliia, and tiie care of them there, was thrown upon the owners. This renidation no doul)t contracted to .some i-xteiil the number of this () Tt'TTLK'S IIIST()F!V OK TIIR DO.MINIOX OF CANADA. l)oiirnnct' (li the I'liitcd Slates autlioritics. ij-rcw ont ol' till- Ci'.stoms House reglations ol' a country liaviiiL;- a strictly protective taritl' that ODiliraced almost every article hrouiiht lor exhibition. 14. — It here Ix'comes necessary, i)i onlei- to understand the manner in which the various rii.'CnhMM.ii Canadian exhibits were distrihu- lhv,'''"'is;,n;;' tcnl and displayed at Philadeli)hia, r..r i;.M„i,i„.,-. .,,,^1 ,j^,. handsome allotment of space whiih was tilled by thom there, to glance at the labours of the Centennial ('onnnission, and the plans which they had adopted lor carryinii- oul the highly patriotic task which had been entrusted ;o them. The Exhibition at Philadelphia was jilaced under the direction of a Board of C'ommi.s.sioners apimiutod by the F(Hleral (iovernniLMit, and a Hoard of Finance appointed by and rei>resentini!- the stock holders, who supi)lied a larLiv part of the cajuial. 'i"he lioard of I'inance was presided o^er by .^h•. John Well li, the prc.sciil Foreign Minister of the United Slates at the Court of St. James, and all oilier arrangements, i"cludinn' especially those will' h concerned foreiuii exhibitors, were coiilided to ihi' Comnussiou under the Presidency of CJ.'iier.il Joseph K. Hawle\ , whose chief executi\ eolhcer was (ieneral Alind T. (ioshorn, with the title of }>irec;or-General. In other words, the l]xhii»itioii wa.s worked by three great departments. The lirst, the Centennial Conuiiission jjroper, was charged with ilie general suspervison of all the airangeuuMits, inclmlin;:-, howi'ver, the direct mana^enu'iit of all the Slate and j)ublie ceremonies, the settlement of leading (|ueslioiis rtdaiing to ilu' workiiii: of ihe "'',xhil)iiiou, and the diiect .sujierinteiideiice cf t!ie linal (juestions relating to the awards. To the second department — the Centi'iniial Hoard of Finance — were entrusted the pro\i(linu' of the fuiuls. the erection of the Exhibition buildings, and the entire control of all liir iicial 'luestions relating to the Exhibition. To the third oi' executivi' department was conlidedihe jiractical working- ofthe Exhibition. l-"i. — The system ol awards, and the work of thejudges, dilfered uuilerially from all previous ' exhibitions. The lar-e inter- .,,|,..^„,., „„„„,, luitiomd Juries of London, TarLs, ""1J"J'«="'">'^''- and Vienna, were replaced by two hundred and lifty judges, half foreiyners and half citizens of ,, the Ignited States, divided into numerous groups of varyiiiii' strent>th, according to the extent of the display uiuUn' each particidar head. The ' business of the jtidges was to examine and I report upon such exhibits as they considered worthy of award ; the reports were to bi- based , upon inherent and comparative merits; the elements of merit wi'i'e to include considerations 1 relating to oriiiinality. invention, discovery, utility, (luality, skill. workiiianshii>, litiioss for the |)urp()ses intended, adaptation to i)ublic wants, economy, and cost. Each report was attested by thesignature of the reporting judge, , conlirmed by those of his colleagues, while the awards, which comprised a uniform medal accompanied by the report, were to be finally declared by the I'nited States Centennial Com- mission. It is evident that the value of this arrangement mainly tlej)ended upon the ability and caiv bestowed u]>on the judicial reports; but, as the resiUl showed, the reports, so far as many of the groups were concerned, ))roved of more value lo exhil)itors than graduated medals without such explanations. I'lacli exhibitor had the right to reproduce and publish the reixirt awarded to him — the Centennial Coinmi.ssion reserving the riulit to publish and disjjo.se of all rei)orls ill ilie manner it deemed best for public iiifoniiatioii. and also lo embody and distribute the reports as records of Ihe ICxhibition. In aildilMU lo theri'ports upon individual exhibits, the judi:-e> of eacii urniip were also re(|uired to furnish a "jcneral report o| the collective ex- hibits under ilieir charii'e. embracing some notice of the early history, i>roures8, and i)"esent condition, of the ditfereiit iiulustries. M. — The L:idunds selected for holding the ]']xhibilion consisted ol -•'], litnesN for II to jmblic I roi)ort Avas ortinu' judge, t'S, while the ilorm medal to 1)0 filially euiiial Corn- value of this III the ability cial re])orts ; )rts, M) far as <1, ])roved of lated medals xhibitor had h the report Comiuission ispose of all -t lor publie d distribute ibilioii. In ual exhibits, 1 ie(|uired to illeeti\e ex- some notice iiid p-esent s. loldiii^' the I'airmount ' Kvl.ilMlinli irnls jind illlillU~. (', a line of '.iiiu' a com- / / / /; .«^-: P^ 'ilTi ■-% 1^ ^t •\^- INbHA.'fp ()il»iF',',l/|OK' IU!TlI 5 mSTSSr 01 IHI OJMiNION M "il'HlANll D' ■iS*"*'') ,J"0 CIW- % • !5 L ■fi. GOA KKNMKNT oT TIIK I'.Ai;!. Ui- DUFFKIMN'—CA \AI)A AT TIIK ( ■I'.N'rKNMA I.. hil pli tt' 01 -.u ol' tho i^rouiids, iind miniatuiv pa.ssoiiii'cr Ciirriaycs, dniw ii by niiiiinUin' Ic' i- motives, were kept i-uiininy lor the C'-ivoiii'ii.t' of siglit-st'ors diuinii' tin- whoh' trnn of thf Kxhil)itiou. Tliia railway was one of the iiovt'llios of the oocasion. and was freely used l^y the many thousands who frequented the l)eautirui L;r(>iii!ds in wliirh it was huilt. The huikhnas properly bi'lontiinu- to ihe C'enlennial Commission were scattered around and through- out this immense and lovely area, in the ornamentation and decoration of whirh the wealth of the people had heeu lavished, and which was. for the myriads who thronged its endlessly wiiKling walks, or wandered at pl( asure over its soft green sward, and amongst its inlinitc lines and circles of llower beds, an ol>ject ill itself of unceasing a continuous applicntious for increased space from all ipiaiters oi' the i;lnhe. Tiie Main JJuilding was in the form of a paralleloizram, extending east and west ISSQ feet in leiiuth, and north and soutti 404 feet in width, thus coveriiui- about twenty acres, and being alxtul the same size as tln' iiinious Crystal I'alaee of 1S.')1. U rose, in three s(ei)s, to a total heii:ht of seventy feet, and was Hanked with majestic Miuare lowers. .\t the centre of c;ich side was an entrance with a lofty facach'. The roof of the lransei)t rose above the rool of the nave, ,Mid there the four towers, 4S feet scpuire and lliO I'eet high, gave a very striking and graceful relief to the iireat Icnuth and the whole appear- ance of the edilice. There was no disiinctive leature about it like the |iondcroiis dome of tin Vienna palate, l)ut t!ie avenues were loiii^ and spacious, the light was ii(liiiiral)ly distributed, and llie strnclure throughout was well adaiiteil for the purpo.se for which it was built. The li' nations takinu' part in Ih • Flxhibiiion vvere h' i-e assigned space, according to geogr.,phica! i j pjsitiou. in sections running cl■ossw■|^e of the 'j buildiiiL'' The \)st of the l)uildinu- was I $l,iJ.SO,Oi.J, and it was afterwards purchased by th<' International Exhibition Company, and is now us"d as a Government exhibition buildinii'. Three hundred feel north of the Main IJiiildiiiL'', on an elevated terrace, stood ; the Art (iallery or Memorial Hall. This l)uildiiig, althouu'h smaller in its dimensions \ than the others, was perhaps the most magniii- j cent structure of the kind ever erected in I connection with an international exhibition. I ft was built of eranite, iron and lilass, in the : modern Iieiiaissaiiee style, and coveri'd an acre and a half of ground, being •■)»)'> feel lonii', 210 feet wide, and ■')!• feet hiuh, with abasement j I 12 feet in heinht, Frc'ci the central portion of the structure rose a dome of iron and glass to the height of l.'iO feet. Its bell-.shaped summit was surmounted by a colossal statue ol Columbia, |; Iweiily-four feet high, and weiiihiiui' three tons. ' ! At each of the four corners of the base of ' the dome were groups reprcvscntiiiLi' Mining- ("ominenc. Agriculture and Maiiufacturi's Over the main entrance were two "roups representing Science ami Art. Three distinctive \ features were disi)|ayed in the front of the buililinc:. viz.: three larue doorwavs in the centre, a iiavilion at each end, and arcad> .s ' similar in iii)pe;irance to ihose in th ■ old lioiiiaii villas which connected th' pnvili ' with the centre. The iiromenade thus Ion.: . looked outward o\er the ei-ouiuls, ,iiid inward over open gardens ornamented with llowers tVc The walls of the ea^i ;uid west side i>l the biiiltlinu' were relieved I-. live niches for tl. reei'[)tion of statuary. Itetweeii the pavilions, at an elevation of forty feet from the i;roniid, extended a grand balcony two nundred and seventy-live feet loiiu', and forl\-live feet in width, from which line view was had of the beautiful park that sireicln'd away to the north- ward. The Art (rallery was erected by the city ol rhiladel[iliia. and the Stale of I'ensylvania, at a cost of a million and a half of dollars, and, ^1 f II w> TITTLKS IIISTOltY OK THK DOMIMON D!-' CANADA, i y haviiiu' bi'cn used l)y the Ct'iilonniiil Commission duiiiiii- till' ptijdil oi till' lCxhil)ilioii. al'icrwanls Ix'caiiit' an industrial UiUscuin similar to the South Kt'nsiiiut.i!) museum in London, England, I'or tlu' free cxhihition of art tn-asurfs from all parts ol'thf I'liion Althoui'h this buildinn' uavt* si>vfnty-li\(' thousand i'm't oi" wall space lor painliMus. and twenty ihousainl Icrt ol' lloor space lor statuary. iVc, yd it tailed to meet its orii5'iiial re<|uireun'nts, and a lar^-e tinnr.ir had to he erected alilMdin;;- sixty thousand feel ol' addi- tional wall space lor painiinns, and which con- tained thirty L;all"ries. each forty leot stjuaro, t)esides I'our sjiaclous coi'iidors. It is a fact worthy olnoliie that, ol' the nine million nine hundred and ejexin thousand visitors who attended the Exhihitiou, this Memorial Hall rereived by I'ar tlie larij-est 'proporti'in. The Machinery Hall, which was the most complete and wonderl'ul section ol' Ihe I'lxhihition, wa,s I'ourieen hundred and two I'eet loni^-, and three hundred and sixty •'■■et wide, and was of cour.se constructed of prodigious strength in ordei* to hear liie immen.se strain ui)on i; of the pe.-evful mat hineij within its walls. It covered an area of l'ourt"en acres, and cost live hundred an\-h of the huildinu- was speiially devoted to the display of hydraulic nmohinery : and, from a lank, sixty by one hundred ami si\,y ''eet aiul ten feet in depth, was si'en a water fall thirly-live leet high, bv I'ortv feet wide, sujiplied by the dill'ereiit kiiuls of ;ii,nipin'j' apparatus on exhibit ion. The motive power of the machinery was supplied by a gigantic Corliss eniiine of fourteen hundred iiorse powi'r, forty feel in height, with a flv wheel weiuhinu' lifty-six tons and haviui:' •< diameter -f thiry feet. This huge motor worked with an almost awe ins|)irin'i' -ileijoe, and communicated its motion to aboa ten Ihousainl feet of shafting, and i'ourteen acres in' machines of all kinds, from ureat carpel looms, which wove at one's Indding carpels of the pattern of any choice, to the delicate little sewing machine. To the yciieral publi<', Ma- chimTy Hall appeared to bo more at lactive even than Ihe Main Building, for it seemed like the unveiling of the mystery of life to see growinii' under one's eyes wonderl'ul fal)ric8 whose production to the uninitiated is always a kind of creation. The Agricultural Uuildinu', a Grothic structure in wood, covered an area of about ten aires, ci/st two hundred and sixty thousand dollars, and was a very handsome and commodious edifice. Here were displayed all Ihe products of the soil. l)olh in the crude and manufactured condition, ton-ether with au'ricul- tural implements and machinery. The space for the exhibition ol live stock consisted of forty acres, and was at a considerable distance from Fairmount Park, The Horticultural Hall was a b.'autiful coii.servalory, two hundred and thirty ftset loiiii' by eighty wide, built principally of iron and silass. in the Moorish styh' of architec- ture of the twelfth century. It covered an area of one hundri'd and twenty-two thousand live hundred scpiare feet, was l)uill by the City of I'hiladelpliia at a cost of three hundred thousand dollars, and was afterwards retained as a per- manent i-oiiservatory by the Park commissioners. The apjtroach to the east and west entrances were by lliL;hls of blue marble steps. The central porticn of the buildinii' '•' as occupied by the conservaloiy proi)er, which was two hundred and thirty by ei<>hty feet in area. It was sur- mounted by a I.anternone hiuidred and seventy feet loiiii'. twenty i''el wide, and fourteen feet hiuh. \ .narble i'ountain exci uled by Foley adorned ihe centre, and smaller fountains the angles, of the Hall. A gallery, twenty feet i'rom the iloor. ran entirely around Ihe conservatory. The stairways from the vestibules leading to this aiso uave access to external galleries over the forciuL;' houses, which were connecled by a grand promeiiiide above tlie rooms on theL;'round ilnor of the buildinti'. The forciiui luiuses were ')iu\ hundred by thirty feet, covered by curved roofs of iron and tilass and .separated by vesti- bules, hi the evenmg the l)uildinu' wasli<;-hled by thr>'> thousand ive Imndred burners. Sur- rounding this building was a warden forty acres in extent, in which were seen not only all \ arieties of rare plants and flora but also the GOVI'JJN.MKNT OF TIIH KAHL OF DUFFKRIX— CANADA AT TlIK (KNTKNNI A I. |i;:! numtMous inothods ol ornamental arranuenifnt cmplovt'd in artistic crardcnini?. lifsidrs those liv^' Imildings, which comprised the Exliibition proper as organized by the Centennial Commis- sion, about a hundred and eighty si)eeial ])uildings were erected in all parts of the grounds at the expense of particular interests. Amongst these was the United States Govern- ment buildiuL'", which covered an area of one hundred and two thousand eight hundred and I'orty stjuare I'eet, and which was used for collections belonging to the Federal (rovern- ment, and objects illustrative of the e«juipment of the army and navy, and of the processes employed in their civic departments. This was the nio.st complete and l)est arranu-ed exhil)it in the whole Exhibition. Special grants were also made gratititously to the various States of the j Union, and to several nationalities, of l>uildinu- | sites, and upon these almost every State and Foreign Crovernment erected a buildinu' for the accommodation of Commissioners, or the exhibi- tion of local productions. Canada was <;ranted one of these sites in the l)est part of the grounds. Amongst the most Ix'autiful of the tbreign houses thus erected was St. Georu'e"s House built by the British Commission in a style of domestic architecture representing a period common to the history l)oth of the English and American people, and which was furnished and decorated in the most artistic manner. The u.> appreciated than when, with the approval of the plication for this puri>ose was one of lh(^ earliest which reached the American authorities, and, as afterwards appeared, its j)romi)titude was regarded as a compliment by those to whom it was addressed. The re(|uest was acceded to witli much cordiality. Large spaces were devoted to the objects of the Dominion in all the deptU'tments of the Exhibition, and an excellent position was secured in each of them. In the Main Building, chielly devoted to manufaitures, Canada received the allotment of a space of thirty tliousand s(juare feet, which was exactly equal In that devoted to Spain and Russia together. She occupitnl the floor between the main avenue aiul the northern wall in one direction, and two cross avenues of the building in the other, was immediately next the Court of (rreat Britain and Ireland, and faced those of Spain and liussia on the other side of the avenue. The other British colonies adjoined heron the west side, and, alonu- with Caiu\da, were all clustered touether dose by tiie side of the Mother Country. The Canadian exhibit Idled a .space, taking all the biiildiims into consider- ation, larger than that devoted toany nationality other than the United States, with the po.ssible exception of England. In the Machinery Hall the area of live tliousand s((uare feet, devoted to Canada, was imnicdiaiely in front of one of th(> main entrances of tlie building, and consequently remarkably conspiiuous. She was favoured by a somewhat similar arrange- ment in the Agricultural Buildinii-, her space haviiiii' been allotted at the corner formed by the two main avenues, close to one of the doors. The area which she occu[>ie(l here was lifteen thousand s(|uare feet. She had also appropriated spaces devoted to her in the Ladies" Pavilion, and the Carriage Hall, a complete room in the annexe to the Art Gallery, two comitart- ments in the Photographic Gallery, about three housand feet in the Dairy Buildinii-, and live thousand feet in the Pomological Hall. i IS. — The i)laii devi.sed for exhibitiim' the Canaaian goods, especially in the Main Building; i|i:i '"f II *'ll! 4»4 riTTUrs lllS'lni.V OF'I'IIK DOMIXIOX OK ("ANA DA. ,, .1 ,, ,. wliri'c most of the iiiumil'nctnrcd lliiw MIL' I aiiiiiliiiii , unnii- »,.,«. li-i.hi.v.-.i. .,,.ticl(.s wci-o (lispliiycd, was ;, very suital)!*' oiif. Some ol' tlip minor Powers enclosotl their (•()iitril)Utioiis within scioons gaudy ill i-olor, and ol' unassiu'na1)li' aroliitcct- ural styh', Imt ihosi- nations which, like Eni-land and France, had slndicd most carcluliy iho economios ot International J'^xliihitioiis, had fome to learn that the less there is to distract , attention IVom the ohject under exhihitiou the ! better. Hence not only were all enclosinu- partitions abolished by them, but the show casos wore all more or less unpretentious in appear- i ance. Those in the Enulish department were ' unilormiy (»!' ebony, relievid with gold, and , were sulhciently extended to allow ol' each. article being viewed apart from its miuhbours j Those in the Canadian d(>i>artment were ol' ' somewhat simila'- construction. They were [ almost wholly ol' glass, set in rich, dark walnut Iranu's, and thus enabled the interior space to be i'ully Occupied l)y the exhibits which coiild be seen I'rom all sides. In point ol' utility, capacity, a ' beauty, thi-y I'ulliiled, to a large deuree, all the essential conditions, and they compared, in these respects, very f'uvoral)ly with other c;i.si's tised at tlie Exhilntion whiih had l»ecn made to meet similar exiiieiicies. At the close of the Exhibition they were sent tot )ttawa, where they are now being used by the Govern- ment in the Patent Office and Musenm of the Parliament Huildings. T,'. — The day lixed for the openinu' of the Exhibition was tlie inth of May. and. though all the buildings, except the Agricultural Hall, were in a fit state to receive their contents ionii' before that time, no department was (juite ready for in- spection. Some of the Courts were even closed to the public. But. upon the whole, the Ex- hibition was in a more loiward stiite than any of its great predecessors, except perhaps those of Londcm. It is to the credit ol Canada that no other natiomility was further advanced towards comi)letion. and better able to pass muster in the lonii- roll-call of tuitions, on the dav when the first American Inter- C'tniKlii nn the Opinim- bay. national Exhibition was proilaim<'d open to *he woild, ■JO. — The ciMvmonies at the opening were sin'.ple but impressive, and were preceded l)y a sort of military pa-eant in the ,.,,.. in:„mu„.i p:Mncipa! streets leading to the '■'■■•'■""'"l'■'• Exposition grounds. The President of the United States had arrived for the inanyuration, and accompanied by Governor Ilartranft of Pennsylvania, was escorted to the great centre of attraction by a large body of troops who were followed in the long procession by (he Governor of Mas.sachusetts. and a numl)er of the (iovernors of other States, with their .several stall's and escorts. The day was beautifiUly fine; the scene along the route was very animated, and, as the groiinds were approached, the enthusiasm of the multi- tude assembled knew no l)onnds. AVhen the entrance to the Main building was reached, the troops formed in line and saluted the Pr(>sident and his party, who filed into the great edifice amidst the plaudits of the pojiulace, which were taken up by the nu\ny thousands (m either side as the I'residi'ut passed np the Main aisle, and through to the liraiid staiul in front of the Memorial Hall, where a i)rilliant assemblage was already awaitina' the inauguration cere- monies. These were witnessed by at least one hundred and ten thousand i)eoi)le. The exer- cises beiian by the Right Keverend Hishop Simi)son oll'ering up an appropriate and solemn prayer, at the conclusion of which the Cen- tennial hymn of John G. Whittier was sung by over nine hundred voices with magni- ficent ellect. Then followed the preseiuation of the buildings to the United States Centennial Commissioners by Mr. John Weh h. the Pre- sident of the Centennial Uoard of Finance. A canlnta by Sidney Uarnitu-, of Georgia, was sunii', after whi' h there was a formal presen- tation of the Exhil)ition to the President of the United States by General llawley. President of the Ceniennial Commission, ['resident Grant acknowledged the acceptance by reading a short and appropriate address, in the course of which he extended a warm welcome to all the repre- fJOVF-^nXMIONT Ol" TIIK HAUL ol" DrPFHIMN— ('ANA l».\ AT TIFK CKNTKNNI Al,. 405 stMitiitivcs i>[ loroiiiii nations, and conchuli'd liv doclaiing'tlio Kxhiliition open. Tho ricsidontH speech was very lieartily cheered, Ilis Imperial Majesty, Doni Pedm II, of Brazil, who was present, risinir in his seat and jnininii' in tho acclannition l)y waving-- his hat. AVayiier's Cen- tennial Inauauratiou March was performed by an orchestra nnder the direi tion of Theodore Thomas, and, at the conchision of this, liishop Simpson pronounced a short henedictory prayer, the vast assemhlaiie standing with uncovered lieads. At the h(^ r of nonu, upon a siiiiial being given by trovernor Ilawley, the AnuMican Hag was unfurled from the Main Building. The and oraan accompaniment. A salut(> of one hundred guns was lired from George's hill, while chimes were rung ont from ditlercnt parts Hallelujah Chorus was rendered with orchestral of the ii'rounds. During the i)erl'ormance of the chorus, the foreign Commissioners pas,sed from the jilatform into the Main Building, and look- up their places upon the central avenue before their resi)ective departments, after which I'resi- dent CJrant. accompanied by the lunperor of Brazil, and the Director General, and followed by all the distinuuishod guests of the day, pro- cei'ded into the Main Building', through its main avenui'S, where he conveyed his congratulations to a number of the loreiiiti Commissioners who were present to receive him, and thence to MachiniM-y Hall, from which he passed to the Judges (juarters. One of the most impre.ssive scenes of the day took place in Machinery Hall, where the rre.-ident, ii.ssistcd by the lilmiicror of lirazil. started the motive jKiwer which was to give such amazinu life and action to the ma- chiiH-ry of that wonderful l)uilding. The huge Corli>s Engine was there standing as silent as the grave. l)Ut, at a given signal, the President and the Emperor each seized a crank, opening the \ p'.vcs. mid turned them several tinu's; at once the ominous sound was heard which gave tho myriads of onlookers to niulerstand that the engiiie was about to move. Then th(> monstrous lly wheel began slowly ri'volving, increasing gradually in velocity until it was travelling at full speed. General Hawley started a cheer, 5U which was taken up by the surrouiuling multi- tude ; deafeninn- echoes reverl)erated tlirouirh the vast IjuildiiiL;'. aiul as all the wheels in the hall began rapidly movina. the loud rinuing of peals of bells and other demonstrations, ti)ld the world that the Centennial International Exhibi- tion was at last fairly opened. 21. — Great distinction wns shown at these opening ceri'monies to the British section — the Hag of trreat Dritain bciu"- on , ,, the immediate left of the position '""i "'t'Tiiiinmems. assit;-ned to rresidoni (rraiu duriim- the cere- monial, the American Hag being on his rii-'ht. In the evening the city was illuminated, and an entertainment w;is given by Mr. George W. Childs. at which tiie Pri'sident of the United States, and the Emperor of ]5razil, accompanied by a brilliant stall", were i)resent, and almost every per.^on of distinction, Anieric.in and Ibr- eiiiii, then in the United States. This was proba- bly the most mauiiiiicent private entertainment ever given in America. The following evi'iiing a siraiul l)an(iuet was given by Sir Edward Thornton, the British AmI)assador at Wasliini:- ton, which President Grant, the Emperor of Brazil, and many other Amerii'an and foreign diii'uitaries. attended. The Canadian Commis- sioners were present at these and other notable gatherings of distinuuished men, wiiidi were held at intervals during the period of the Exhibit-on. and received on every hand the warmest congratulations (.n the highly credita- ble ajtpearance which their country made in so many of its departments. These were parti- cularly hearty at a recei>tion liiveu by Mr. Childs to Lord Dullerin on his arrival at Philadelphia. This gentleman, and I\Ir. A. .1. Drexel, another leading citizen of Philadelidiia, earned the lasting gratitude of the Canadian representatives for the valuable assistance rendered them in services of a semi-ofTnial character with th(> American Government. They wer(> offered by the English Commission and accepted, positions as British Honorary Commissioners, and were distinii'uished by the loyal sujiport and splendid hospitalitii's shown by them while actini!' in that capacity. ^t "A ;t^,! i"'l ' •»( j;;j; 1 ii;i; Ti TTLKs iiisioiiv (»F nil'. Dominion ok canaka. •J'J. — I5ut it WHS not uicrt'ly in ilii> round ol' puMic Icstiv itii's, sind tlif diU't'icnt Inilliant rcrcptions which were iu'Id in Miirki'il iitli'Miiciii , 1.1 !• 1 'iinwii OitiH.ia !<> Ih<' i)ahiii:il inausioiis ol thf ImiMUlMT'. . ,. 1>| 1 I 1 1 • in'ivatc cili/.t-ns ol 1 hih\(lcil>lil!i. ihiit so lively ii .symi>iilliy and marked alti'iition I were lie>to\\.'d >ipon the Canadian scclinn of lliis inlrrnational display. 'i'hc diU'crcnt Canadian dipartnii'iit.s wi'ic honored l)y visits iVoin, and minutely inspcotod l>y, thi' President ol' tlu' I nited Slates, the Kmperor ol' Hrazil. and all leading' oliicials who witc residinu' at or visitin;^ Philadelphia, as well as hy many men ol' irroal celel)rity in jirivale positions in tht» United Stales, whose names are as familiar to the world as hoi 'iehold words. Amouyst i our lellow-eouutrymeu, too, the eauer and intidliueul interest, which was excited hy C'anachi's honorahh' participation in tho event, was manilested hy the lari^-e numhiis who Hoiked to the oreat centre ol' attraction iVom all l)arts ol' tho Dominion. It was calculated that not less than lil'ty thousand i)ersons, IVom this side the yical lakes, visited IMiiladolphia helore the close of tiie I'Ahihition. Amonust these were lli.s Excellency the Governor-deneral, the Licutcnaiit-tiovernors of the dill'en'nt I'lovinccs, mi'mhers of the StMiate and House of Commons, and of all the Provincial L(>a-is- latures, and tlu' Premicis, and nearly all the other meinhcrs of llie Dominion and Pro\ incial Ministries. J^ord Dutferi i spent several days in inspectinii the most interestinii' features of the collection, i>ayinu' especial attention to the various branches of the Canadian section. Hi' was receivi'd with marked res^jcct hy the American authorities of the Exhibition, and l>y all the foiciiiii Commissioners. Duriuii' his stay in Philadelphia he resided at the head- (|uarters of the Canadian (.'ommissioiicrs, on Walnut Street, and, alter his departure, was pleased to address a letter to them, throug'h their senior member, in which he thus expressed his satisfaction with the Canadian display: — '• Lord Duli'i-rin furthermore desires to express to you the very ureal satisfaction with which j he has witnessed the admirable arranyenients ; under which the Canadian exhibits have been displayed. The whole orj^'inizalion of the department is most creditai>le to you and to your colh'aiiue, e\ iiicintr. a« it (h)es, <^o(h1 taste, 'jood jiidiinienl, and a Ihoronirh ap])reciatioii of the manner in which the products and the industries of Canada sliouhl be set out to the b(>st ad\ antaiie. Ivxcelleiit as Were the materials with which you had to de;d, their elfect has been undoubtedly very much enhanced by the admirable way in wiiich they have l)een arranged, and I am sure it must have been a liivat satisfaction to you to have perceived how very much every one has been struck by the Canadian contributions, and the important part taken by the Dmniniou in the ii-eneral display." CllArTEb' XLVril. (;oVKI!NMi:\f OF 'nii; V.WU. of UCFrHIMN — CANAI>.\ .\'f TIIF. CKNTKNNIAL. {Cuiithi'i,;!.) ]. liKVIf.W t'l' Tlti: \ MilOf.s NaTIOX.VT, KMIl- IJITS.— •_'. TlllC C.\.\.\I)IA.\ I'.M.N'I I.Nti.>< .\NI) W.\rKl!-l'(l],oi;s. — :;. CUKDITAItlil". I.'ISl'L.W OK ('\N.\i)i.\N I'Hoi'odi! \im;- iSrc. — 4. IiIcm.aimc- .V1!I,1-; KXIIIHIT 1!V C.\N.\DI\N EnToMoI.OOISTS. — ."). Tin; K.MliniT OK M1.\KKAI.S, .MKTAI.S, Mi:iAi,i,iTu. A sv.^i- tem ok aiachl.ne tkstix(j. — ig. tlie i'rac- tw.w. teaciiinos ok the exhiiiltiox to Canada.— 17. The exiiihit i>k aokicul- tukai. impee.mexts. — 18. tue canadian EXH115IT. COVBRMMRXT OF TlfK FAffL ()l* [H'lTIMMN- ('AXADA AT TriK rKN'TKN'-NMAL. •n;7 1. — 111 piisHinii ill rovii'W tluM'iinrmous miiuht'r and ijfrciit variety, of iisclnl iiiul vulunhlt' iiitioK's whii'h well' irroiipcd totrcthor llrvii'w i.f llir> ■ iL 1 -1 1- vurioti'iiMiiMuai 111 thi' rmil(liiin"s, or wimo scat- itMcd m imillitudiiious pndiisioii tliioniiliout the fyiouuds of this IiittM-iiational l'lxliil)iti()H, it is propiT lo speak nl lln' fair con- clusions \vlii''h may he derived iVoia a com- parison hetw. en the products of Caiuula ane bronze lieitres ;vere amonn' the most remaiieingto rei)resentcuriousdistiiictions 1 of surface texture in iloth, or linen, or knitted l'al)rics, and diihcult undereuttine' of network su'/gestive, more or less, of a mere materialistic art. The Austrian pictures were very striking ; in the sswell, and Jacobi, formed the finest display in that department in the whole oi the annexe to the Art Gallery. W. C W. "ope. a member of the l^oyal Academy, was recjuested by the Canadian Commissioners to inspect the works of art from the Dominion, and to adjudge the extra awards given in the shape of medals, lie did so and spoke in high terras of the " very good busts " and the "remarkable display of Canadian land- scapes." 3. — In Photography; the specimens exhibited by our artists were not inferior to any that ,. ,, ,. , GTaced the building. The splen- "f <''inM.iinn ([[^\ display from the estabhsh- (lotM.niii.m.s Ai'. ment of Messrs. Notman and Fraser, of Toronto and Montreal, was larger and more varied than any in the Exhibition, occu- pying a wall space of about 1100 feet, and being- valued at $12,000. The principal points of excellence remarked, in the portraits exhi- ted by tliis firm, weri^ the artistic and graceful freedom of i>()siiig, combined with pictorial representation ; this, together with the etfective treatment of light and shade, and the splendor and depth of toni', and boldness of relief, placed their work in the liighest rank of an produced by photography. It was from the appreciation of their work that the United States Centennial Commission did Canada, through them, the high honor of entrusting the sole duty of photograi)h- ing the Exhibition, and its principal exhibits, and it is not surprising that the rare excellence of our display, in this department, was sjiecially noted and receivi>d congratulatory remarks from the people and the |>ress of all other countries. In sculpture, for the i)urpose of hoiuse decoration, our department containe(l what was universally acknowledged to be t\e finest piece of workman- ship in the building — a highly ornate and much admired marble mantle from a Montreal manu- factory, while some specimens of panelling, I'onsisting of imitations of various woods and marbles, with medallions, birds, &c., also from Montreal, were notsurpassi'd by the work of any competitors. The prizes taken by Canada in tht> departments representing the line arts were six in number. 4. — In this connection it may be proper to mention the very remarkable collection of insects sent l)y the Entomological , . , p ^~.' . . ., ' . . lU'inarkiiblo cxiiibit Society 01 (Jntario — a collection byCiiMiuiianontoni,)- which for comprehensiveness and scientific arrangement, could not be sur- passed, and was without a rival in the whole exhibition. Inlinite pains and troul)le were expended by our entomologists in obtaining and preparing this marvellous collection, which came from all parts of the I'rovince some of the material used being the accumulated result of many years of patient labor. When complete the coll(>ction was a very largo and handsome one, and was repleti^ with interest and instruc- tion. In every department the best system of classification was followed, and, to insure the greatest accuracy in naming, all doubtful specimens were submitted to the best informed specialists on the continent. The whole collec- tion filled eighty large cases wh'ch were disposed in a double row on a suitable stand, eighty-six feet in length, erected in the Canadian department of the Agricultural Hall. In these cases were i)romiiiently diplayed all the insect pests which inllict injuries on the crops of the agriculturalist and horticulturalist, as well as those which are IViendly to the farmer and fruit- grower by preyiiiu' on the foes which attack their products. The specimens were all in an excellent state of preservation, but the feature which attracted the chief attention of those interested in this branch of science was the thorough and correct manner in which so many thousands of specimens were classified and (JOVERNMENT OF TriK KARL OE DUFFERrN-CANABA AT TIIK f'KNTI'lNNIAL. l(!!t named. Worked up in this painstaking- manner the collection gave valuable information to all seeking it, not only in regard to the species themselves, as i'ar as their identity and relative position in the system of classification were con- cerned, but also as to their geographical distri- bution throughout our country — a branih of entomological knowledu'c of great importance. The economic value of smh a collection — which is still preserved, as far as possible, unbroken and well cared for, in the society's rooms in London — is incalculable. While marking an era in the progress of entomoloiiy in Canada, this Centemiial effort, which redounded so much to her credit, formed a groundwork on which might l)e built up observations of the greatest value; while the facilities afforded beginners for naming the specimens, which have been the subjects of their study, miist have the effect of grcHitly stimiilating intelligent research in this important dejiartment of natural science, in which there is still so much to learn, and which is so intimately associated with the progress of successful agriculture. '). — In glancing at the minerals, metals, and metallurgical products of the Exhibition, one of _, , ., .. p the first impressions created by a The cxliihit of '■ J InoMiii'u'ixi'rai''''''' general survey of the specimens pnidiicis, ie. ggjj|- th^jg T^yas^ that certain min- erals, in the possession of which Britain and her colonies, including the Dominion, were conceived to be exceptionally ftivoured, are in point of fact to be found in great abundance all over the world. The United States had already given ample proof of wealth in the means of siipplyiiig their own demands for iron and steel, but if the many huge blocks of iron ore, and immense masses of coal, were to be accepted as the criterion of the resources of Canada, that which the United States has accomplished in later years bids fair, when circumstances permit it, and the necessity for the establishment of iron works arises, to be imitated in our own country at no distant day. No one could fail to be im- pressed with the belief that a country capable of furnishinii' smh great quantities and varieties of economic ores of different kinds, as were to be seen from the Lake Superior and other districts, and of exhibiting such sections of fossil fuel as were there shown from Nova Scotia, British Columbia, and the Saskatchewan, was i)osses.sed of boundless mineral wealth. In regard to some foreign exhibits, that oi iron for example, it was very apparent that whatever the indirect induce- ments may be, it is generally siH'aking those of a direct commercial character which determine the conduct of manufacturers in connection with exhibitions like that of rhiladeli)hia. The expense and trouble of preparing and superin- tending the arrangement of the necessary specimens, at a point several thousands of miles distant, deterred many from the t;tsk. Great Britain, producing half th(» pig iron in the world, was represented in a country consuming nearly one-fifth of the earth's productions by compara- tively few firms, of whom but a small uuml)er occupied a position of any importance!. This was also pretty nearly the attitude of Germany, of France, and of Belgium; all upi)arenlly expected no practical consequences to themselves to rt?sult irom the necessary outlay. Sweden was ditl'er.,'iiiiy circumstanced, and acted accord- ingly. She was most creditably represented, and in a manner wortliy of her ancient repute as a source of some of the bi'st iron known in commerce, and her exhibit altogether was conspicuous by the scientific character of its arrangement. Bnt while, with this exception, th(! European seats of this great tiade were inadequately represented, and while England, the largest iron making country in the world, abstained from exhibitinii' in a country where no customers were to be exjiected, Canada showed more foresight by pursuing a dilferent policy, and set the Mother Country and e\-cry other nation an example in this department of the Exhibition which was freely acknowledged. 6. — In minerals of all kinds, metals, and metallurgic products u'eni'rally, fhe took a front rank. Nature has been very , ... . . . , ,. CiiriM'lii in till' Iniiit proline ni giving us iuUSt Ol ninkns.iniiiniMl ,. , , , prncliKMnx i-jiinlr.v. the ordinary metius and ores, together with valuable deposits of limestone, building stone, salt, etc. In all these there was I i!'»k m I '. Ii m I 170 TCTTfiKS FirSTOrjY OF '"IIK DOMINION OF CANADA. a lai'U(> numl)i'r ol" entries Irom all parts of the DoiiiiiiioM, althoimh probably the most important part of the exhibits was that oi' ircu. The iron ore shown from the mines near the Ottawa contained sixty-nin(> per cent, ol' metal, about (loiible tht> (|uantity that can bo obtained From the ores of Norway and Sweden. It is stated that one of these mines alone has at least one million tons of ore that is easily accessible. Of our metallurgical products, some of the best were the l)illets ol iron from the Ottawa Iron and Sti'el Manufacturing Company, which are specially adapted for the manufacture of steel, and, as stated by experts, there is no better ore for this purpos(> in the world than that which is obtained in Ontario. The l)illets referred to were only under the Catalan forges for two and a half hours from the raw ore, yet they showed, in a remarkable manner, their adapt- ability for the manufactiire of steel by the ring of the metal. This was taken advantage of by tuning the billets to ring a chime — a source of amusement and astonishment to the thousands who were attracted by the musical sounds. The whole geoloii'ical department of Canada was highly approved. The collection was made in a most systematic manner, and the result was that it furnished the means of appreciating at once the geological structure and mineral wealth of the country. It of course mainly comnnmded itself to persons of scientilic tastes and knowledge; the experts who visited it declared it to be one of the most complete and best arranged collections of the kind of which the Exhibition could boast. The gold column in the Caiuidian section, indicating the quantity (}f that metal mined in British Columbia, was a source of curiosity and no little astonishment to many visitors. This column represented a mass of gold ol the value of thirty-seven million dollars, obtained within the preceding thirteen years. Among the specimens having economic value, the wonderful mass of jilumbago, and the preparations illustrating its A-aried applications to the arts, shown by the Dominion ]'lum])ago Company, were particularly noticeable. Thm-e was one single block of this mineral which weighed more than 2>S00 pounds — the largest piece of the kind ever known to be mined. This exhibit was pronounced unequalled in iht> history of plumbaii'o, and the exhi])itors were awarded the highest honors of the Exhibition. One specimen of lithographic stone presented the facsimile airtographs of all the Governors of Canada, both iM-ench and English, Irom the tini" of Champlain, in 1(J12, to that of Lord Monck, in l^^Vl, with the excei)tion of two of the French Crovernors in the lirst half of the seventeenth century, in this connection it may lie stated that a case of petroleum oil, and its products, from a London manufactory, was also among the more interest- ing and beautiful attractions of this ))art of the Canadian department to visitors from all parts of the world. It obtained the highest Inter- national award and the Canadian gold medal. In the geological department, Canada carried oir twenty-eight International prizes. Thus did we proclaim to the world the (Existence of our mineral resources, and announced to this great industrial congress, by visible signs as well as in jdain languau'c in the admirable catalogues prepared by Professor Selwyn and his tlever assistants, that we possess untold mineral wealth which only awaits capital and human skill to render it available for the general use of mankind. 7. — One of the most wonderful and fiiscinating departmi'uts of the Exhibition, as a whole, was that of the ceramic and glass . . ', . TIio ccraink' wares, comprismg iiorcelain, .iipartuuMit dfthc ' ' . i:.\iiii.iiiMii. stone wares, terra-cottas, mosaics, and ceramic wares of every description — a dis- play most extensive and important, and covering a very wide field. As was to be expected, the Exhibition of Oriental, that is of Chinese and Japanese, porcelain and jiottery was on a largo scale, and full of interest, and was the most important contribution to the ceramic depart- ment put together by any one country, ►'^o far as the European products were concerned, although there was rather a paucity of inven- tion, either of now processes ol manufticture, or new applications of material, nevertheless some fiOVKIJ.V.MKXT OF TIFH KARL OF DrFFFIJIX— CANADA AT TUF OHXTFNXIAI. 471 ol' th(> contributions served to illustrate what has oi't(Mi been ol)served ol' the almost inexliau- stible I'crlility ol' the potter's art. The exii^emies of some new jn-ocess, the .sudden development of some hitherto restricted trade, the mere shiltinii' of the wind of fashion, all may be met, and sometinu's are so met, by novel etforts on the part of the potter, and ser\e to prove that the mosK ancient art of the world has still many untried resources, and many lields still open to oriiiinality and enterprise. Of late days the wider spread of accurate investigation, in g(>ology and mineralogy, has greatly aided the manufacture by the discovery of new veins of clays, and of other minerals available for its process. The careful analysis of many clays, and other researches of exiierimeiUal chemistry, as well as the precise observations of scientific collectors, has also widened the field of labour. In this dei)artment Canada had its contributions which \\-ere impor'^nt, not so much from their extent — although that was not to be despised — as from the evidence they ali'orded of the abundance of excellent ruxtural material, and of the industrial skill shown in its use. In refer- ring to Canada's part in the general disi>lay, Mr. ]{. II. Soden Smith. F. S. A., who was Chairman of the board of American and foreign judiics in this department, remarked: — " In Canada the manufacture of the more iinished descriptions of pottery is of very recent growth, but already shows signs of a skil' and emergy. on the part of the manufacturers, which ]>romises well for the future, and which could not fail to be regarded by iMiglishmen with special interest and salisi'action. lloth granite and cream- coloured wares of good quality, and workman- like style, were exhibited, as well as bricks of excellent manufacture, artilicial stones, crucibles, ' specimens of terra-cot ta, &c. The success at- tained is the more remarkable as the manufac- ture of some of the.'adiness of resource, and aptitude io learn, have triumphed over their early dilticulties and lo.sse.s, and accomplished, in a short time what, in the opinion of the most competent judges, nuxst be considered a remarkable success. xcel, and in these .she took liiuh rank among the other manulacturnig ^ii,].. ji-n.ies „r v.iri- nationalities. In leather of all descriptions, including the liiu'r cla.sses, in boots and shoes, in twtu'ds, knitted goods, and domestic cottons, in stoves and stove- ware, tools of all kinds, printed books and stationery, and similar articles, she compared most favourably with any other nation that appeared at I'hila- delphia. Taking the single article of boots and shoes, as an exam])le, we may state, that one Toronto firm .sent a collection which was not equalled in the whole exhibition lor variety, embracinu' so many dill'ercnt kinds and styles and made in so many descriptions of leather, foreiuii and domestic. This exhibit caused quite a sensation, especially amongst the lady visitors, who were delighted with the delicacy and exquisite workmanship of the ladies" wear, and large crowds were daily 'gathered round the glass cases in which it was contained. A large number of the articles were sold as samples for the Australian market. In this branch of manafactvxre the sewing machine is now being freely utilized. The Canadian sewing machines were a very creditable display — many of our manufacturers, who had at previous exhibi- tions established for themselves s(j high a 'I. ili iliRi'i I'i I !f in: ■'«-^tii 472 Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. roi>ut;itioii. bt'iiiL;- ahle to inaintaiii it in an even ' more uicriloiious inaiiiu'r at Philadoiphia, wliiio a lariio collection of musical instrvimt'nts of A'arious kinds proved the siiccossful ciibrts that arc hcinu' made by our manul'actureis in this l)ranch of the arts. Ii; ready-made clothing, too, Canada made a very successful disj)lay, one of oiir exhibitors obtaining the International diploma and bronze medal. So in .some other i useful and serviceable articles, such as edge tools, Canada was a conspicuous and very hon- ourable comjietitor — her display ])eing second ' to noni' in the buildinu'. They were especially I noticed and comment e-L upon by gentlemen of high experience in Great Britain, who were acting as Centennial Judges, as were also . several large assortment " iron goods of ] various kinds, including .i lare as.sortment of skates, shown by the Starr Company of Halifax. ' A collection of saws, from a manufactory in St. Catharine's, Ontario, was a very prominent exhibit, and was one of the great attractions of the Canadian Court. It was contained in an immense glass case, with a black velvet l)ack, in which the briiiht implements were tastefully arranged. It comprised every description of saw in general us(>, and was universally admired j for the beauty, linish, and excellence of the material. There were many Canadian firms who exhibited numerous varieties of tools for industrial purposes, and large orders from dif- ferent parts of the United States, and even from countries so far distant as Australia, were the direct consequences of all these dili'erent exhi- bits. Then again in woollen goods of all kinds, shown l>y Canada, it was acknowledged frankly by comi)etitors from various parts of the world, that she took the first place, though, of course, she did not show broadcloths, nor other .similar goods of the very finest textur(V Her display of cottons, although not large, w^as very excel- 1 lent. In cotton, linen, and other similar fabrics, i the larizest proportion was supplied, as was to be expected, by the United States. Great Britain and other continental nations, were restrained from making so extensive and varied a display of these manufactures as they might have done, by reason of the excessive protective tariti'. The inevitable result was to pr'.'vent so complete a coininirison as might otherwise have been made, and thus to frustrate one of the most desirable and valuable purpose's of an international exhibition. In .some clas.ses, how- ever, the textile manufactures of all countries were well represented, and although the collec- tions of some were more extensive and diversified than those of others, there was snilicient in all cases to show the progress made by the difi'erent competitors, and their capabili- ties, as well as to ailbrd valuable opportunities for comparison. 0. — On this account, therefore, if on no other, the very creditable place which was universally assisned to Canada's displav^ in „ ,. , ., this particular department, is all J;;";;;;!,!;';'!"';',","" the more remarkable, and many Conior,ni..iju,t'.s. high compliments were passed upon it. Mr. Isaac Watts, late Secretary to the Manchester Cotton Supply Association, one of the English judges at the Exhibition, and the Chairman of the Judges in this department, praised Canada's exhibit very highly. He said : " The textile fabrics contril>uted by Australia, New Zealand and the colonies generally, with one excejition, were neither numerous nor important, but Canada has made a remarkable display, and one which excited surprise and admiration. In articles of clothing, and in cotton and woollen fiibrics of various kinds, Canada has proved to be in many respt cts in advance of the United Slates. The superior qualities of the woollen tweeds and cassimeres, the heaA'y cheviots and check regattas, the heavy twilled domet flannels, the pure Nova Scotia woollen blankets, the plaid flannel shirtings, twilled Jeans, calicoes, heavy sheetings, etc., was unquestionable, and they were unsurpassed by any similar goods in the Exhibition. The British Judges, having under- taken to make the special and additional awards offered by the Canadian Commission to exhibitors from the Dominion, had ample opportunities of estimating the progress that has been made, and the degree of perfection which has been attained. Canada, especially ^rf-. sive protective i to pi-'M-eiit so 'thorvviso have e one of the irposes of an ' iliisst's, how- all countries ■gh the collec- ttoiisive and S there was n'og-ress made their oapahili- opportunities on no other, s universally omiilimenls |i:iid ;irj;Mli;ni m;inu- ii-Miiri'is liy the ontcnnial juilijcs. pon it. Mr. Manchester the English Chairman of sod Canada's 'The textile row Zealand ie exce])tion, )ortaiit, but lisplay, ai)d liration. In md woollen IS proved to the United he woollen heviots and (let flannels, ts, the plaid coes, heavy , and they oods in the 'ing under- additional 'ommission had ample gress that perfection especially ,>vs ,.>^, J^ ■* li. f'% k 472 rriTrrn^T Mm -f»i..rr»' TJJl.- » Mi. ;i • were : . and i;: ■•■ ■ 'if nil kiiiu-, '^■"d iranklv :iuon. ::. i oi'nu ^. ..•Y loiKinental iuh 1 rom Tf-, ! Ill SI u ■ m iiii- H. V if! CJOVKF.'XMKNT <)F TIIK HAI!!- ()F Dl'FFEJUN-CAXADA AT THE CKNTHXMAI-. t7.{ in some ol' ht!r manuractuii is entitled to pre-eminence." Many otluM' eoinpetent juda'es at rhiladeli'liia passed enconiums similar to tliis. The Canadian i;oods exiiihitod were n-enerally conspicixoiis lor lims workmanship, eleuanee ol' desiii'n, and harinonious oomhination olColonrs, and they rej)eatedly called i'orlli expressions ol' pleasure and satisfaction. The Aast proi^ress of the United iStates, as shown l)y their exhibits of a similar kind, was undoul)tedly threat. Judged alone, and in relatiftn to I'ormer periods, it proved that a hii]fh deuree o!' perfection had been attained. The c()|],.,tions from other countries, however, though ](>ss extensive, indicated a progress no less rtnnarkahle. and, therefore, the jire-emineiit place taken by our own conntry was all the more honourable. On all sides development and jirouress were striking'ly manifested, and, if tliis was more conspicuously shown in some cases than in others, we can well believe that all would be inspired with new life and impulses, which coiild not fail to induci' fresh elforts to excel in the peaceful but glorioirs achievements of industry and commerce. 10. — The section of Edu. Italy furnished music, didactic treatises, and microscopic anatomical preparations, and was surpassed by Brazil, which made a very fair display of work done by pupils in the schools of Kio Janeiro. Of those countries which put forth a systematic effort to show the existing state of educiition amongst them, notice was first arrested by Sweden with its specimens of work from its schools of home industry, and its national high schools, its line collec- tive exhibit from the technical elementary schools, ai its primary school-house — a one story frame builling, fitted with all the acces- sories of b' furniture, books, charts, Sec, which was d in the exibition grounds by the Royal Sv sh Commission. The most noteworthy exhibits of Belgium were types of school furniture, approved by the Beliiian Government, and examples of the writing method approved by the Stat(>. The Nether- lands furnished a limited but worthy illustra- tion of their highly developed system of School Boards and school inspection. Switzerland made a particularly good exhibition. A careful selec- tion of reports, from the Boards of Education in nine Cantons, revealed the thorough organization of the Federal schools, while a large number of " obligatory and facultative" text-books and apparatus, used in elementary and high schools, showed the admirable provision made for the young as clearly as the pupils' work showed the 57 w f' "ll >i\ i»J i '13 1 i!.i 47 1 TCTTLKS IllSTOlIY <)F TIIK DOMINION OK CANADA. •^•ood usi'iiiado ol' tluit provisiitii. Tin- stalislicnl ' partol' tlic .Swiss St'ctioii was sciirccly surpassed, and allordcd a noble nionunu'nt to tlie free insti- tutions of tho niountaiu ri'i)ul)lic'. Spain, tliouuh )>ehind hand in education, gave the inipres.sioii of a land anxious to advanee, and strugaling towards tlio liulil. The IJussian exhibits fur- iiished evideiK^e of careful instruction in schools, especially in the sciences relating to nioi'hanical eniiincerinL;'. .lapan has for several year.s dis- played a remarkable anxiety to i)rocure the best ! scliool models, aiul has been vi-ry .successfx;]. Some of the bi'sl elements of the Western sys- tem of education have been incorporated in her public .schools. The Japanese building was rich in books of elementary sciemc, maps, and plans of schools, school furniture, almanacs, histories, and newspapers, aiul pictures illus- trating their mode of instruction. Teaching by the eye is a strong point with the Japanese. The Argentine liepixblic, all things being con- sidered, also made a creditable appearance. All | these coiuitries, however, were subordinate to, and oversliadowed l)y, the display from the United States, \\hich w as \ery extensive, and for which the most complete picparutioiis were made. Every State in the Union was authorized to ai)point a Commission for the purpose of securing the best appearance possible, and large sums were voted to send a collective exhibit of statistics, literature, and students' work. The principal States sent each its Superintendent of Public Instruction, who remained at Philade! phia, with his stall', nearly the whole term of the Exhibitiim to oiler explanations of novel apparatus, and of the various systems pursued. There were two Kindergarten schools, and a model school, in daily work in the Exhibition grounds, while visits to schools in the adjacent city were constantly organized. 11. — We have been thus particular in point- ing out the positions raken in the section of education by the different great (■.lurat'ioimi'oxhii.ii countries of the world, and their j)uice as compared with that of the United States — the great rival of Canada — in order to indicate more accurately the position of Canada herself. The place taken by this country in the u'reat Internationa! competition was one of which her peoplt! have every reason to feel proud It was one of the niost striking displays in the whole Exhil)ition, excited marked interest amongst the thousands of visitors from all other countries, and called forth the highest enconiums from the press and prominent edu- cationists in all parts of the world. The Cana- dian exhibit was made l)y the Ontario Dei>art- ment of Education, was under the superin- tendt'nce of Dr. Ilodgins and Dr. May, of that Department, and consisted of a large and varied collection of .school material, apparatus, aiul other appliances, si>ecimcns of pupils' work, and a number of very line photograi)hs and models of school buildiniis. The whole exhibit was so arranged as to show that the develop- ment of the intellectual and physical faculties, and the acquisition of scicntilic and other know- ledge, is more easily ac(juired by the use of different kinds of apparatus, than by any other method of instruction This was so success- fully ell'cctcd that, in all the vast array of ex- amples of the triumph of indu.stry and art from dill'erent nations, no country was crowned with more successful results, or exhibited more won- derful proofs of intellectual jn'ogress than was manifested by our educational exhibit at Phila- delphia. The plan devised for securing this was a most striking one. The maps were dis- played on an ornamental wall, one hundred and ten feet long aiul thirty feet high, so constructed that an increased amount of si)aie could be utilized. The wall was surmounted by a very handsome cornice with massive walnut pillars and pedestals ; in the centre was the main arch- way, and at the summit of this was displayed the Royal Arms of Great Britain — the largest in the Exhibition — beaiitifuUy carved and gilt ; underneath were shields in relief of the arms of the Dominion and of Ontario as well a.s a large ornamental shield of the arms of the Education Department itself. Two smaller archways at the sides were also adorned with appropriate symbols representing the advance of education, and on the principal pillars were (idvrinxMKNT or tfik tafu, or Drri-'RHivcAXAnA at tiih cknti'N'N'iai, tT.") lil't-.sizc bustx ol' Ilcr Mnji'sty tlif CJiiocu. and tho latf I'riiici' Cojisort. in I'ronl of tlu' wiill aloovt's wcrt- l)nilt, thus niulliplyiui;' ovor tfu times the (jUiintity ol'diigiiial wall space. The l)riiicipai wall was eovt-icd with <>(0 blending- of the colours, and the perspective bai k-uround beiny of a neutri'l tint, the maps, charts, iS:c., were thrown out in bold relief, greatly eiihancinn- their attractiveness; and, from the fact of the wall Ijciiiy so much elevated above th(> other articles displayed in the Canadian departnu-nt, it formed an exhibit very pleasant for the eye to rest upon, and added very much to the sreneral eil'ect of the whole Canadian court. The apparatus, globes. })ooks. object lessons, «.Src., were displayed in large glass cases fitted up specially to suit this class of goods, and, on the top of those cases, were life-size busts — copies from the originals in the South Kensington Museum — of several royal personages, and men distinu'uished in literature and science. From the prominent position, and the excellence of the display, of this whole educational collection, it became a source of great interest to general visitors. The Educational Court was thronged daily with thousands, many of whom previously were actually ignorant of the geoij-raphical posi- tion of the I'rovince. and who w(>r(> srrrprised to lind it so far advanced in educational matters. To those who were particularly interested in education, and also to those who were seeking information for emigration and other purposes, was presented a special report relating to the educational institutions of the country. It is almost unnecessary to explain hero how we succeeded in winning this victory, by our display, over that of all other coiintries, or to show in what special sections of the department we excelled. One of the primipal designs of the Canadian educational exhibit was to show the tools, so to speak, by which the teacher's work is successfully performed. The United States educationists, who were the largest representa- tives of education in the whole exhibition, did not do this; their chief exhibit consisted ol pupils' work They had huudred:i of bound volumes conlaininii' specimens of writing, com- position, aritlimetic,iVc.,andasthese,juel provi-d, those were of little interest, except to persons from the immediate loialilies represented, an to examine these books, and, when they did so, a few specimens satisfied their curiosity. It is a well known fact that , the great attraition to visitors in the M.ichincry Hall was to see the macliiuery at worl< ; they were only partially satisfied with knowing that certain articles could be i)roduced, l)Ut were anxious to see how the work was ac- complished. It was precisely the same in regard to education; they were not so much interested in the pupil's work, as in examin- ' ing the appliances used in teaching-. As com- pared with our most formidal)le competitor, the United States, the display made by Canada was all that the most enthusiastic Canadian educa- tionist could desire. The different Slat(>s of the Union spared no expense in preparinu' their i ediicational exhibit ; the State of Peiuisylvania alone spent $].■), 000. and erected a special l)uild- I ing for the purpose. Other States also contributed largely, as we have seen, for their own special exhibits ; yet it was generally acknowledged, even by the people of thes(> States themselves, that our representation was the most complete in the whole Exhibition — uf the most value for educational purposes, and of the most interest to visitors. As comi>aved with the Mother Country the opinion of the Editor of one of thi- most influential journals in England was that, " the only thing which redeemed the British exhibit was tht; splend'd collection from the Educational Department of Ontario," and simi- lar opinions were expresstnl by other leading IJritish newspapers. So much was it appreciated for its excellence by our fellow subjects at the Antipodes, and by educationists from foreign countries, that duplicate copies of maps, appa- ratus, models, &c., manufactured in Toronto, Ifv V' W h • it '3 ii u ill ii i I 47(i TITTTLK'S JllSTOltV OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA. under (he ilircctioii of the Educational Depart- ment ol the rrovimo, were ordered by the representatives of the Governments of Victoria, New South Wales, Japan, the United States, and other countries. We can well believe that lu) honours were better deserved than when this edueational exhibit was awarded the Ci'.nadian g'old medal by the iMiglish judges for the Cana- dian department, and the International medal and diploma by the Centennial Commission of the Exhibition. 12. — We have beiore referred to Machinery Hall and its contents — the most marvellous The .Miiciiiii»iy feature of the Exhibitio)i. The t..vhii.ii guncraiiy. display of machinery at Philadel- phia was a greut event in the history of applied mechanics ; as a whole it was a magnificent effort of reliued mechanism, rich in new ideas, full ol' fresh instruction, and most encouraging ill i)romise for the future. Past inventions were presented under new and unlooked for arrangements, the old ideas leading to fresh devices. It was most suggestive in presenting new forms to materials, new constructions containinii- oriaiiial eoinbinations of matter in alliance with force or mechanical energy. There were novel applications of ingenious mechanism to useful purposes in art and manufaciures, all conducive to the saving of labor, or the economy of material, and all striA'inii- to attain excellence in production combined with good proportion in strength, harmony, and beauty in outline. This deiiartinent of the Exhibition had a strongly marked American character, and could hardly be regarded as an Incerncitional compe- tition. Other civilized countries took part !l 5.:.!. but the aggregate did not equal one f «ui tli of the articles exhibited from the United K.ilcs. There was also marked evidence of iXitriuuc spirit in tlie prodigious cllbrts made by individual citizens and linns to sustain worthily the mechanical repatalion of their coiintry. It will of coiu'se be readily under- stood that the majority of such articles exhibited by all countries, the United States included, were not distinguished for originality, or even ['■ for novelty, but rather, as in former Interna- 1 tional gatherings, for their good qualities in {respect to design, material and workmanship. The greatest change was observable in the ' products of those nations that were formerly th(! least advanced. It was impossilde to I resist th«> conclusion that a great change was going on in the relative position of diflerent countries at these machinery gatherings. There j is an equalizihg force at work producing an eijualiziiiu- tendency, and this equalizing tend- ency of exhibitions has to be taken into account in estimating their active force as agents for advancing civilization. 18. — The EnglLsh disp^iy, although smaller in c|uantiiy than al former exhibitions, was con- siderably rich.n- in originality, ,,,,,^, ^„^,|,,,, „„,, and in everything that marks An.eri.iin,ii..|,i,iy. thought and progress. One could not fail to notice, however, the great fertility of invention displayed in the United States, and the excellent workmanship obtained by the joint effect of their machintt tools, machinery, and skilled workmen. Compared with the English machin- ery, that of the United States seemed somewhat lighter, and althouiih not deficient in strength, perhaps not so well adaj)ted to purposes where great steadiness of action, and freedom from vibration are required ; but the ingenuity of device and fertility of mechanical resource were marvellous. The aim at improvement took two dillerent directions, one being that of obtaining simplicity and cheainiess of construction, put- ting the cost of making as a secondary importame : the other being the endeavour to obtain high i>erl'ection in the details, and great economy of working, treating the cost of con- struction as of less importance. The one, in a word, was aimed at cases where engines and machinery are employed for temporary purposes, the other at cases where continuous working is the object. As a whole, Machinery Hall could not fail to give any intelligent observer a high opinion of the mechanical genius of the Ameri- can people. There was great inventive power, and a ready and fearless adaptation of the means to the end sought. In considerin<>' the t!:i GOVKJIN.MKNT OF TIIH IvVIU. (W I )UKFK1{IN— CANADA AT Til!': CKNTKNNIAI, 477 display of miiiKM'ou.s and varied contrivances, one could not Tail to remember that many of these came from distant parts of the country, and had to be contrived out of such materials and with such means as were available on the spo' 13ut in the machines and apparatus fro.i favoured establishments and localities, the workmanship was udaiirable, and every work- ing part down to the minutest detail l)ure evidence of the highest thought and study. The proximity ol American machinists to the place of exhibition would be sullicient to account somewhat for their superiority ; still, in versa- tility and power of adai>tation, ihey evidently took the first place in the world. 14. — Canada was fortunate at Philadelphia in having her position assigned at the chief en- ThcCiinM.ii.n traucc to Machinery Hall,whert^ Miuhinery E.Nhii.ii. jj^g majority of visitors had to pass through the space c'ontaining her products. The classes of machinery exhibited by her embraced almost every branch. The exhibit, althovxgh, comparatively speaking, small, was. very well selected ; but, for causes which have already heen indicated, and which operated in the case of other competitors as well, it was an inadequate rt>presentation of the enormous capital, skill and energy employed in the ecn- struction of machinery amongst us. Notwith- standing this, a large number of the Canadian articles exhibitinl were spoken of, by judges of the jrreatest practical knowledge and experience, as being of high value, not only on account of the ccelleiice of theii liiiish and the solidity of their parts, but for the novelty of their con- struction, and the ingenuity of the contrivances brought to bear in adaptiiui' them to their several purposes. As a single example! of this, one of our inventors, who was exhibiting at rhiladeljihia, was enabled to place throughout the great rennsylvania Kaihvay, as well as in many foreign countries, a valuable invention for facilitating the removal of railway carriages from their trucks, either for the purpose of changing the gauge of the wheel, or for repairs. There were a number of other such conspicu- ous articles in Machinery Hall, which com- manded much attention, and e en admiration. Of motors there was a great profusion, both for water and steam, and a larn'e and attractive display of steam and other pumps, ou the latest and most improved system of construction. We have as yet merely indi',at(Hl the Canadian ex- hibit of machine tools. In the liner department of these, l)oth for metal and wood. Canada caine out nobly, and was on all hands assigned a very high position. The machine tools, for metal, were principally after the English style, inclining rather to heeds than to Manchester. Perhaps the most perfect of these exhibited was a large slotting machine of fine proportions, most consist( ntly carried out in all the details, with every part in good keeping with the other, which is a rare virtue, and seldom mani- fested by those makers who can only imitate. The most conspicuous Canadian exhil)it in this department, however, was a radial driliinii' machine, of real exterior beauty, arranged in such a manner that thi' drilling spindle could l)e twisted every way, so as to point lor ward or backward, or in any direction, and .ilili relaiii all its automatic faculties. Specially notice- al)le also were a mas.'m of testing ;ire very obvious. Machine tools, for example, with their collateral adjuncts, when considered as the agency by which other kinds of machines are u 'tH i;;l '■';•! I ' l[i 47s TUTTLE'S HISTORV OF-' TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA. to be prodmvil, los(» a i>T('at part of thoir valu(> wlicu tlioy are mathematically iuaccnirato. Unless true circles, straiu'ht linos, parallelism, and absolute truth, inherently exist in themsel- ves, they are not capable of inipartin<>' those conditions to the materials upon which they operate. Inaccuracy in any machine lowers the quality of its work, and indirectly increases the cost of production enormously. At Philadelphia an ofHcial invitation was sent to every exhibitor of uuichines, and tools for workinji^ metal, wood and stone, to test his exhibit , as already described. The Americans were evidently prejiared for the invitation, for. as if by concert, almost every American lirm of hii^h standing volunteered. There was no response from any other nation, except Canada aiul one l-"rench lirm, and Canada passed through the trial most credital>ly. 1(). — For some unexplained reason, no col- lection in ^lachincry Hall was more freely .,., ,. , commented upon than uur own, i';\'hi'i'.inT,n''i,.''"" f'l' had any apparent fault pointed '"""'■'• out so rei)eatedly ; and, it maybe safely added, no nation deiived more benelit from the i)ractical teaching of that great educator, the Centennial Exhibition, than did " this Canada of ours." Canadian machinery has a character of its own ; unlike some of the European nations, theory has not gone l)elore practice, from the circumstance that our engineering knowledge and experience have not reached the foundry aiul smithy through the technological college, nor the class room, but rather through the teachings and promptiniis of necessity, and from free intercourse and contact with the Mother country, and our enterprising neighl)ours on the other side of the iiTcat lakes. Hence it is that the Canadian style, so to speak, is a mixture of the English and Ameri judges in the machinery department, sjwke 01 the Canadian exhibit in terms of the hghest commendation. In his official report to the British Ciovernmenl this gentleman makes the following remarks : "Gnnvt Britain and Canada occupied the best position in the Machinery Hall. If we were to take the Canadian Exhibition in connection with the British, and consider them as one, in the same manner as was done in the United German Empire, then indeed the ^ extent was greater than all the rest in the world I exclusive of the United States. * * * * 1 Canada made a good display in machine tools I which, to some extent, veiled over the short I comings of the MothiM- Country. There were thirty exhibitors from Canada, and no other covintry produced a stronger feeling of surprise, by the extent and excellence of the general machinery exhibit, than did that colony. All i were prepared to see a brilliant display by the ■ United States, and none of the European nations did so much as might have l)een expected. The i Canadian exhibition, when considered in rela- : lion to the number of its population, and to the comparatively short period that had elapsed since she gave herself resolutely to engineering, was truly noble. Although one of the youngest competing nations in machinery, yet it contained many admirable specimens which would have done honour to any country. There was a freshness and youthful vigour manifested, both in design and execution, that foretell the future giant." That a joung country like Canada should have sent to the world's Exhibition machines of such a hiuh class, which were not only considered remarkable by other nations, but were deemed worthy ot the closest inspec- tion and criticism by machinery (^xperts, is one j of the most striking signs of the times. Machine I makinaknovledy-e is extending in all directions, [ and it really appears as if engineering would '■ soon be as common as carpentry has been in [ times past. I 17. — The exhibition of agricultural imple- I ments was confined, with a few exceptions, to 'ffs, 1 judges, a I tho Chair- lepartment, Tins of tho eport to the makes the iiul Canada Machinery Exhibition i consider was done indeed the 1 the world # # * I'hine tools the short tiere were i no other )t' surprise, le general louy. All lay by the an nations cted. Tho d in ri'la- iind to the d elajised I'ineering, youngest contained •uld have was a ted, both he future Canada xhibition were not nations, t inspec- ts, is one Machine irections, g would )eon in 1 imple- )tions, to ft GOVERNMENT OF THE EARL OF DUFFERIN— CANADA AT THE CENTENNIAL. 170 The oxhi>)itii)ii of iiKriciilriinil iiii|p]uiiiuii(s. the United States and Canada. ! It was a fact, freely commented ; upon by English visitors to Phila- delphia, that the leading manufacturers of Great Britain were not represented, and the reasons ' assigned i'or this were the high American tarilf, | the great expense of traiL'^portation, and the impolicy of exposing the inventions of British manufacturers for six months to the thousands | of enterprising American machinists. These ' reasons may be valid as far as they go, but we believe they were short-sighted on the part of any country, and the wisdom of disri'garding ' them was amply shown, as wi' shall see, in the case of Canada, to whom, also, they in a large measure applied. Thi^ Philadelphia Exiiosition drew together people of all nations and lan- guages, eager i'or information, and many anxious to carry back to their distant homes such ma- chinery as appeared most suitable for their varied necessities. Foreign manufacturers, by their absence, left the lield of enterprise open to the exhibitors who were represented, e!:.pecially to those of the United States who were the prin- cipal contributors. The English manufacturers, especially by this policy of abstention from competition, endangered their past monopoly of the Great South American trade, while they prevented what would have proved both inter- esting and instructive, a comparison between the two great exporting countries of the world. 18. — Considerable dilhculty w^as experienced, as we have seen, with our own manufacturers at tho outset, but these were, to a certain extent, overcome by the liberal inducements to exhibit held oat by tlie heads of the Canadian section of the Exhilntion. The result was that we had at Philadelphia a collection of agricultural implements sulhcient in number and quality to prove the high state of excellence we have reached in that important mechanical department. The Canadian exhibit attracted clo.se attention, and secured the cordial praise of all who examined it. Our people had to compete with a very numerous and varied col- lection of implements of the same class from other manufacturers. But, though the imple- riioCiiiiuilian K.xliiliil. ments sent by the United Stales were in some cases of an excessively high finish, intended merely for show, the Cnnadian machines, most of which were made for actual work, were admitted to be at least equal to any in the Agricultural Plall. And there was not wanting evidence of this. The practical proof of their excellence, combined with their cheapness, was to be found in the desire which a number of prominent gentlemen from Australia manifested to purchase them, and to i)rocure for the inhabi- tants of their colov.ies the opportunity of seeing implements of so much simplicity and utility, and capable of Ijcing produced at so reasonable a cost. Several of the Commissioners, too, from Australia who were large agriculturists, and of great experience, felt constrained to iJUrchase a niTinber of Canadian implements for the use of their respective Governments. One of these gentlemen, Mr. li. W. Cameron, of Ni'W York, a native Canadian now established in that city as a merchant, performed important services in this respect, both to the Colony which he rt'preseiited and to this country. Mr. Cameron, largely we l)elieve, from patriotic motives, l)y the purchase of or liberal advances upon these goods enabled quite a number of our manufacturers of agri- cultural implements to test tht; Australian mar- ket. It is not for us to speiiilate upon the success of the attempts made at Philadelphia, and, since that, at the Sydney Exhibition in New South AVales, to inauu'urate a trade between Canada and the Antipodean parts of the Empire, but this much may be said that, but for the opportunity allbrded our manufactureis of show- ing their productions at these two places, there is no reason to believe that any prospect of such a trade would have been opened up. It is, at all events, a matter of good auii'ury that those acquainted with agricultural life in the Austra- lian colonies are confident that not a few of our Canadian agricultural implements will be found suitable and saleable in those distant markets- To the general advantages to be derived by Canada in this respect, some reference was made, in his report to the British (toveriiment, ' by Mr. John Coleman, an English gentleman. '1^ n ■ s ', ii >*. ii 'i 'I 'tx, ['■ I ■180 TUTTLK'S IlISTOHY OT TIIK DOMIXIOX OF CAXADA. of acknowlcdii'cd rcpntiitiou for his knowlodfro of agTienllural uuicliintTy, and who was ("hair- niau of th(> Uoard of judyvs in that doparlmoiit of tho Exhibition. Mr. Coleman said: — "Ureal credit i.s due to the Canadian Government for havins? onrouraiied thi-ir somewhat unwilHng oxhil)itors to oonie Ibrward by the otfer of a large number of .'special medals, ol different value, the adjudieation of which was con tided to the English judges. The very creditable display of Dominion product.s, in the agricul- tural department, was due in great measure to this liberality. AVe cannot doubt that American trade, and in a lesser degree the Canadian also, will experience a benelicial stimulus in their foreign relations from the Centennial Exposi- tion — a matter of great importance at a time when' as I'ar as the home trade is c< ncernod, production has overtaken, and, in many cases, overrun, demand. Notliing conveys a better idea of the vastm^ss oi' the country, and its agri- cultural resources, than thi- fact that enormoiis manufactures of agricultural machines, amount- ing in some instances to tens of thousands annually, have hitherto found a home marki't." CHAPTER XLIX. (ioVKIJNMHNT OFTllK EAUL OF DCFFFl^FN— ( A.NADA AT TIIF CMXTI'.NNIAI., {Cnnthiitcl.) 1. Canadian exhiiuts of grains. — 2. Canada IN THE !'( ).Mt)I/)GICAL H ALL. — 3. Til K DIFFER- ENT Canadian fruits exhibited. — 4. Ol'INIoNS OF A.MEI51CAN roMOI/KlISTS ON THE Canadian exhibit. — 5. The wine exhibit. — tj. The dairy i'R( )Drc'T.'^ of the Dominion. TH!C cheese exhibit. — 7. tSui'Ei;iOR QUALITY and CiUANTITY OF THE CANADIAN CHEESE. — s. The butter exhibit.— 0. Live stock depakt.ment. canada's admirable exhibit. —10. Canadian horses. — 11. Holned cat- tle.— 1'2. Canadian shfep.— 13. Canadian SWINE. — 14. Canadian poultry. — 15. The Canadian medals and the system of their AWARD. — It), Conclusion of the Judges' labors and announcement of the awards. — 17. a thrilmn(j scene. — 18. acknow- ledciment of the british commissioners' services to the colonial co.mmissionkrs. — 1!». Closing cere.monies ok the Exhi- bition. — 20. Keti'rn of the Canadian exhibits. — 21. .'^o.ME of the moi.'e import- ant RESULTS TO C.VNADA OF THE EXHIBITION, I — 22. "Warm praise of Canadian sei'TIon OF THE Exhibition. I 1. — The Canadian exhibit of grains was in an eminent degree satisfactory, and the qualities of many of them were pronounced „ ,. , ., ., .. by good judges to b(> of th(^ very '■'''"'"■■•• highest order. Amongst tho re])resentatives of different nationaliti(\s at riiiladelphia there was a friendly exchange, as I'ar as possible, of specimens of the principal grains of their respective countries. Canada participated in the beuelit of this — all tho foreign Com- missioners, whose countries were exhibitinjj If products of this class, freely extending to her their good ofhces whenever these were sought. Count Hielsky, the Kussian Commissioner, w^as particularly generous in handing over to tho agent of the Ontario Government, who merely wished a specimen, a large quantity of a certain quality of wheat which v/as supposed to be of remarkable merit for our climate. Quite a number of specimens of grains, considered by good authorities to liecome of particular value to the farming interest of the Dominion, were procured in this way. These collections proved invaluable, not only for the purpos(> of comparisons, but for experiments as to their adaptation to our climate, and their compara- \ five value from a commercial standpoint. The ! Ontario Clrov(>rnment was indefatigable in securing these specimens, which they have since had chissihed and fitted up in glass cases that may bo seen in the Parliament buildings at Toronto, They are there kept in sample bottles, properly labelled, and form an interest- ing memorial of the ExhiI)ition, in addition to their great worth as a collection. ]•: .Irn(ii:s' K AWARDS. ACKNOW- isskinkus' [issioxicrs. hi: Exhi- C'a.vadiax ■K i^ri'oRT- X^IIIUITIO.V. N SECTION was in an (iialities of llMllO.\llil)itS of iitativos of I there was ! )ssibl(>, of j of their | ipated in ' g-u Com- ' >xhibitiii{j \\g to her ■0 sought, oiior, was er to tho lo merely a certain d to be of Quito a idered by liar value on, were IS proA'ed rpose of to their onipara- ut. The able in ey have lass cases iuihliiigs 1 sample interest- ditioii to f;()VKl!X.Mi:NT OK TIIK EXllL OF Dri'I'KRIX— CANADA AT Tllf': CKXTKNXIAL. 481 2. — In fruit the Dominion of Canada occupied a place in the Pomolonical Hall very much r.iri.irhi in ih,. larger than would be her fair I'.inc.iuiru.ii iimii. share, judging ])y her Li'ooura- phical proportions and her population, e< spared with that of the United States. The Canadian fruit display, which was made by diil'erent Associations in ( )n1ario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, and which occupied the whole north side of the Pomolou'ical Hall, was one of the mo.st attractive sights hi the Exhibition, and was all the more creditable to our I'ruil urowers on account of their having fallen upon a season exceptioiuilly unfortunate in many res|)ects. The plum crop, usually so abundant and of such fine qiiality in different parts of the Dominion, had, from a variety of causes, been to a great extent destroyed ; the pear crop was unusually light: and the extreme heat and droirght, which were universal — the 'heated term" especially having been of A'cry long duration— had very seriously alfected the a]iiile crop in all parts of the country. Notwith- standing these serious drawbaks, however, the Associations of fruit growers in the different Provinces set to work with the most laudable determination to secure a creditable represen- tation of the fruit products of the Dominion ; the obstacles in their path only served to make them redoubU' their exertions, and the result was a display that was in the highest degree creditable to them, and that secured universal praise and adiniratian. The fruit was sent to I'hilidelphia at diH'event times as it ripened, but it was not till the month ot September that there was anything like a full or complete representation from the Dominion. In that month, and for a considerable period extending into the month of October, the Exhibition was at its best, and, excepting in grapes, in the growth of which California far exceeds any other part of the North American continent, there was nothing in the Pomological Hall to I excite the envy of Canada, while in some other : varieties of I'ruitshe stood iinri vailed. As an evidence of this we may state that, on the 14th of October, theday when the Exhibition in the 58 Pomological Hall was closed, our display remained substantially the same, new samples having taken the places of thos(> which perished, as far as practicable ; and after that a choice selection of our fruits was placed on exhil)ition in the Agricxiltural I'uilding, where it remained for examination until the dose of the Exhil)ition in the month of November I'ollowinii'. The statistics of the attendance of visitors shows that Pomological Hall was a very attractive place of resort and, if the generous testimony of the American press, and the opinions of unpre- judiced visitors, competent to form a just estimate, from all parts of the United States, are of any value, the Dominion exhibit was the most instructive and compn-hensive of all those shown at the Exposition. ■■]. — Notwith.standing the luifortunate failure of our plum crop, to which allusion has been made, our collection of i)lums ^^^^ ,1^,,..,.,.,,, ,,^ was the larsivst and most com- 'li'" '""'^'"hihiteci. plete of any ; indeed the whole display of plums from all quarters of the United States, gathered into one, did not equal in merit that from the Province of Ontario alone. In apples, \ve had to contend with the products of the virgin soils and brighter suns of tht> South Western States ; and thoixgh at the middle of September, by rea- son ot our more northern climate, our winter apples were not so fully developed, nor as highly coloured, yet in variety, value and com- pletoness, our collection was never once sur- passed ; and as the season advanced, and the middle of Octolier drew on, our display of apples stood confesst'dly at the head, both for beauty of specimens and intrinsic worth. In pears and peaches we were excelled by but very few collections, notwithstanding the fact alrt>ady mentioned that the season proved ver\ unfavor- able to these fruits, and the further fact that but a portion of our country is adapted to the growing of many varieties of peaches or pears. Our disi)lay of grapes was also the most com- plete of any. We could not, in open air culture, equal, as has been stated, the grapes from Cali- fornia, but with that exception, our specimens were as fine in appearance as those shown from IT: :1' o.i .rstood that most of those grown on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains are derived from indigenous vinos. The Californian fruits, as a whole, were much larger than those from the Dominion, or indeed from any other place, but they lost in Jlavor the advantage whieh they might })e sup- posed to have in size. A remark somewhat similar ai)plies with truth to one or two of the Western States, but in general the a]iple,s, pears and phims of Canada were equal, even in appearance and size, to those of the United States, to say nothing of their uniform superior- ity in llavor. The Canadian exhibit altogether, was a subject of astonishment to thousands of visitors who had evidently no idea that such fruit could be grown in this country. 4. — A distinuuished Ann^rican Pomologist who wrote an exhaustive crilique on the display in romologicai Hall, closed his paper, which was published at the time, with the remark that "Decidedly the best show, taking into con.si- deration variety, quality, number and taste, is that from the Dominion of Canada." Another equally high authority, writing in the New York Gra/ihir, referred to the Canadian exhibit in the following terms: '• Probably the finest show of various fruits is made by the Fruit Growers" Associations, of Canada. It Avould be impossil)It> to do justice to tiie entire collection. As a representative collection it could not be surpassed, and the arrangement and (.'lassifica- tion reflect much credit on the officers of the associations. It must be doubly gratifying to them that this very beautiful display of Cana- dian fruits attracts such universal attention. Their exhibit has contributed much to the beauty and attractiveness of the Pomological department, and they are to be corigratulated upon the fruit-producing capabilities of their soil and climate, and the taste and enterprise of Opiiiii'ii.- of Aiiiorii'iin Pumolofjisr.-; (Ill tho Cannilinn Exhiliit. their fruit-growers." There is abundance of similar testimony from various sources, but all by our most formidable competitors themselves, in favour of the excellence of the Canadian exhibit — a generous acknowledgment that, at the Centennial Exhibition, Canada took the lead in the extent of her exhibit, and the variety, quality and flavour of her fruit. Our display in this department was valuable in many respects. It did much to enlighten the people of other lands, and even many thousands of our American neighbours, in regard to the true character of the productions of Canada. It served to dissipate a very prevalent impres- sion that we dwell in a cold, frozen and inhos- pitable region of the great American Continent — one where the tiller of the soil may hope, during the short summer, to be able to wrest from the ungenerous earth scarcely enough to maintain life during the long, dark, dreary winter, but where he may never hopt; to taste, much less to rais'^ for exportation, the lusciovis fruits of temperate climes. In the Pomological Hall, at the Philidelphia Expositici, Canada did more to break down unfoundet; prejudices, and to disseminate throughout the world correct information, in regard to the true nature of our climate and soil, and the excel- lence and beauty of its productions, than woiild have bei'U done by an army of emigration agents, or by a whole circulating libr.ary of infor- mation on the climatology and productions of the country. 5. — Closely related, in some respects, to the fruit exhibit was that of wine, an article which, of all tho.se shown at Philadel- l)hia, was perhaps the most largely exhibited, as to the number of specimens, and variety of descrijition, and as to the number of nationalities which sent this kind of mer- chandise. There was scarcely a country repre- sented that did not send its contribution, and Canada was by no means backward in entering the lists of competition with the famous vine growing districts of the old world. In this articl(> she plone had ten or twelve varieties. Some of them exciti'd very gratifying surprise I'hi; Wine lixliiliit. inc k;.\hil)it. CtOVKliXMENT OF THE EMU. OF DU FFEEIX— CANADA AT THE CKNTHNNIAL. i8:$ on the part ot'compot«'iit European and Anierkan judtyi's, and wore pronounced by thoin to be (superior as vins on/innires. The Wine Growers Association of Ontario were prominent exhibitors in this department, and their brandies were specially commended. (J. — We have before referred to the assistance rendered the dairymen of the Doraiiuon, by the Canadian Government, in The iliiiry j.-uilnct." ,. i , . i' , ..I the Doiriniui,. sumiountuig whut at hrst ap- The chc«s« exhibit. ^ i ^ ^ r • i i i i , i peared to be a lormiclable obstacle in the way of their obtainini;- a proper display of Canadian dairy products. To the dairymen themselves, however, belonijs the principal credit of achieving at Philadelphia an unprece- dented success in their exhibition of this growing branch of Canadian industry. They entered into competition with the dairymen of the United States and other countries, with the greatest zeal and determiiuition. and the result was, as we shall see, to crown their exertions with the highest honors of the Exhibition. The display of the whole dairy products shown at Philadelphia was made in a building on the grounds specially erected for the purpose. It was a model butter and cheese factory with ample room for display, and for a complete outtit of apparatus, and was built at a cost of ten thousand dollars. This sum was raised by the United States" dairymen by private sub- scription in several of the laru'o States of the Union, and also by legislative aid. The Cana- dian Government contril)Uted two thousai-d dollars. Exhibits ol cheese were sent from Ontario — this department being solely in charge of the Ontario Dairymens' Association — and from different parts of the United States at intervals, from the month of July to the month of October inclusive. No difficulty whatever was exper- ienced in securing exhibits IVoni our own dairymen ; they contributed month after month from their best stock, and thus ke]>t up the excitement which Canada created among the dairymen of other countries. The associations in the United States showed far less alacrity, and, even after the building was erected, special exertion had to be made by the Bureau of Agri- culture of the Exhibition to secure a fair representation from the United States. Thisyave a certain stimulus to the Anu'rican associations, yet they did not altogether exliibit so large a quantity of cheese as our Canadian^ dairymen. 7. — The number of United States' exhibits was only one hundred and lifty-one : tlie Cana- dian exhibits nitmbered one hun- dreu and ninety-nve, whilst three quimiiiy oi tho _,,. JIT 1 Ciiiuuliiiu I'liei^ie. v> estern Lai;adian towns alone shipjied to the Exhibition nearly thirty percent, more cheese than was shown by all of the United States assor twenty-six tons, while from Canada there were one thou- sand and three packages weighins- over twenty- nine tons. Other countries contributed sixty- five packages estimated at five hundred pounds. The statistics of the Dairy House prove also 1 beyond question that our averaue monthly ex- '■ hibits were greater in quantity than those of ! our neighbours. There was not a single month during the Exhibition, that cheese wa» not sent j from Canada to keep up the di.splay, and, from I first to last, it was universally conceded to be ' very excellent ; at no time did it appear at a disadvantage, but the foremost position secured for Canadian cheese at the opening of the Ex- I hibition was successfully held until its close. The result was that Canada shone out better in ' the dairy department than in any other of the i great agricultural departments of the Exhibi- tion, splendidly leading in this branch of agri- culture the comi)etition of the world. In this competition it should be remembered that the . United States exhibitors had a decided advan- tage. They representi'd some of the largest and best cheese factories in existence, and their ex- perience was much greater in every way than that of our ov. n dairymen. Notwithstanding this, the highest point of merit they obtained was ninety-six, whilst the highest jioint obtained by Canada was one htmdred — a result which ll » '■. % '1 t.i n n ill! 'j ii'ii 1 1> 484 TUTTLMS HISTORY OF TITO HOfflNIOX OK CANADA. 'I'lio butter cvliiljit. shows ii i)ron()unr(>(l victory lor the dairyun'uor this oountry. If any other evidence ol' the suixM-ior cut'riiy and skill ol" onr peoi>le in ihis di'p.'irtiruMit were Avantina,-, it is to ho found in the oflicial n-ports of disting'ui.shod Anicriiivn dairymen, \vho wore voiyoordial in their praise of the Canadian exhibit, and in the larne nnmbor of prizes awarded to Canadians hy the Centen- nial judges, who were w ith one single exception, American citizens who honorably disihari>(>d their duty without partiality. One hundred awards were reeonnnended in this branch of dairy products, and of these forty-Jive were for the Unitv'd States, forty-nine for Canada, and the remainder for other countries. Canada thus gained the highest avA'ard of merit for cheese given in the competition with the whole world, and this, too, at the kirgost International Exhi- l)ition that has ever been held. 8. — The display of butter was much smaller altogether than that of cheese. The United States and Canada were of course the principal exhibitors, but Portugal, the Aruentine Uepublic, Brazil, the N(>thcrlauds, Germany, Italy, and Denmark were also represented. Our own exhibit was com- paratively speaking small, reaching only to some seventeen hundred pounds out of nine thousand one hundred and lifty pounds from all other countries; but, in proportion to their uiimber, the prizes taken by Canadian butter makers were very numerous. There were one hundred and twenty-three exhil)its from the United Stales, to which twenty-three prizes were awarded, and sixteen from Canada which obtained five i)rizes. The oflicial reports of the judges of the Centen- nial dairy show, were almost iinanimous in conveying two valuable inferences or lessons in regard to this part of the Exhibtion. One was that the long keeping of the fresh bvrtler ex- hibited seemed to prove that salt does not preserve butter, but that the keeping quality in butter depends more on the milk than on the salt used in its manufacture. The other le,sson w^as in regard to the relative superiority of I'actory and creamery butter as compared with dairy butter. The former was generally re- garded as inferior to the latter, but it was a remarka])le fact that, at the June and October I displays at Philadelphia, i he most perfect Jlavor i and the indications of ihe longest keeping quality were found in the l)utter of factory ' make, The samples there shown have thus evidenced an important and striking advance in this l)ranch of the dairy interests. !•. — Of all the departments, however, of this great international comj^etilion in which Canada most excelled was that of live u,,, .,,,,.1^ stock. We have l>elore reH.rred lES;:;i,„ir,.Me to the rule which the Canadian "'"'"'■ Commission felt obliged to adopt with respect to this class of Canadian inodiicts, and which was dilierent from that applied to other exhibits, viz. : of throwing all risk or damage upon the owners. This rule, as we have said, contracted the number of exhibitors in this deparment, but, as the result proved, it did not prment the hearty co-operation of a large number of Cana- dian stock breeders in carrying out one of the great objects aimed at — of making Canada famous as a cattle breeding country, and thus advaiu'ing, to an incalculable degree, the repu- tation of our agriculturists. Tbe spirit of (>mulation shown by them was an honoirr to the Dominion, and is worthy of the highest praise. At great risk, and without a chance of pro lit, they at once decided to send their most valuable animals to Philadelphia, and they succeeded, even beyond the most sanguine ex- p( tations, in receiving awards, and showing, at the Worlds Fair of 187r part of August, the cattle in Sep- tember, and the sheep and swine in October. About one-third of all the horses exliibited came from Canada, and. out of sixty-eight shown by her, iifty-two carried oir prizes. A considerable number of these were sold to American and other foreign pur- chase-s, and realized very large prices. There is no country that excels our own in agricultural { Ciiniiiliun hursu (loVKIJNMHNT OF TIlli) lv\l{l, oF Dl FFFIMN--(\\.\A DA AT TIIK ("FNTKNNI AL. 4.^5 llnnii'il c.idli' hordes fit her I'ov general Nyinmctry, Ktrentilh, or action, and, of nil tho classes on iho grounds, this was dtM'idedly tln' ])est — niniriy every (."aaa- dian anrieiiltural horse that was exhibited beini>' awitrded an Tiiternaln nal niethil. Our wliole exliibit ol' horses was hiiilily creditable. The animals were universally admired, and caused niuoh discussion as to their excellence — a cir- cumstiince which drew nttention to the remark- able I'act, that some of the i)est horses sliown by the United States' exhibitors were raised and purchased in this country. 11. — In horned cattle, although the ('auiidian animals did not bear so large a proi)ortion to those of the United States as in horses, yet all the various l>reeds were reiire.sented, and a large number ol' i)rizes were take'i relatively to the number ofaninuds. The number of exhibits was seventy-two, and the numbe.- of International prizes thirty-three. The proposals of the Am^'rican Commissioners emlmuod the otter of sweepstake i)rizes for the best bull and the best I'ow on the grounds. There is little doubt, we think, from the most reliable information that can be obtained, that had those sweepstakes })een given, the prize for the best bull must have been adjudged to a Canadian, even if Canada had not also carried off that for the best cow, of which there was also a very fivourable prospect. The judges, however, declined to make this award, and, althongh a remonstrance was addressed to the American authorities on the subject, and an express order was in consequence issued to the judges to determine the sweepstakes, it was afterwards discovered that tht'y had left the city without doing so. This was the only instance on record, so far as Canada was con- cerned, m which any thing like an unworthy jealousy was apparent in recommending the j International awards, but, if there was such a feeling, ii was conllned exclusively to the judges in that chvss, and was disapproved of by the Exiiibition authorities; indeed, it is a suhjeet oi congratulation that, in a task so extensive as that of adjudication on the merits of so vast an assemblage of valuable articles, causes of fair complaint were not more numerous. 12. — The Ciinadian shtiep shown were of the long or medium-wooled varieties, and coiapiired favouraldy with the other Can- adian annuals. Ihe American exhi})it in this class consisted of seventy-two sheep; abwine. % ' ''! ii H i 114 iS(i Tl'TTLKS IIISTOIIV orTIlK DO.MIN'loN oF CANA l»,\. ('llll:l>l).lll |»>ul 14. — Tlic CiiiiiMliiin poultry exhibit wax also very crcililuMi'. \\ liili- some Idccils ol' fowls IVnlu tlu' l]llitr(l Stales Wflf lit'iicrally .supposed lo lie supe- rior lo llioM' IVoMi Canada, in several others it WiLs as Livuerally admitted tiial Ciuuidiau Ibwls held the lirst rank. LarLic iiuuihorMor Auierieau visitors, aiul sevral of the leadiiiu' journals of the countiy, freely aiknowledued liial the Canadian exhibit contained a greater average of really lirsl class stock than tlieir own. So far as nundters were ronrerned. Canada took the lead of any siniile State. The .\nieriran fanciers ex- celled chiclly in the lary-er, and the Canadian in the snuiller, breeds. ' No sweepstake prize was given for [uiullry, and consoijuently the Cana- dian birds did not come into direct competition with the world. This is to be regretted as, in the opinion of competent judges, there is little doubt we could have taken every prize in nuiny varieties, and stood well in the rest. As it was, the choice of the Canadian exhibits had been very carefully made, and a lari:e share of the honours tell lo their lot. The medal was the same for all awards; but the judges distin- giushed three classes of merit, and we are thus able to arrive at the relative excellence of the two di.;iplays. Out of one hundred and thirty- three Canadian exhibits, not inchuliiui' pigeons — in which ihe Ai;iericans swept all before them — one hundred and twenty-nine received the highest mark of nu^rit, while tiie I'nited States" exhi])ilors had only two hundred and twenty-two highest marks out of four huiulred and thirty-four. Filty-one prizes were obtained for Canadian poultry, and each prize was for an exhibit comprising more than one bird. 15. — Keference has been made to the induce- ments, in the way of prize medals, which ^vere oli'cred by the Canadian Com- iin(itiif->stcinui mi.ssion to exhibitors Ironi Cana- tliuii-.iw;ir,l. da. Ihe liberali-ty oi our Government in this respect had an important eiiect in stimulating competition amongst our own people, and it is proper that some account should be given of the manner in which these medals were distributed. The prize medal scheme, which w as very suceesst'nl in its results oriiiinati'd with the Dominion Commissioners, ' w!'", with the sanction of llieir (iovernment, olii'rec' iiold, siht'r and bronze medals to their , own exhibitors, and promisetl that these should be awarded, under certain speeilied conditions, I by foreign judu'cs. in carry out this design they sought the ,..(. ...id co-operation of the Mritish Commissioin-rs, Colonel Herbert Saiidford, l».A., and Professor Archer, F.K.S., wlio were asked to nominate Etuilish judges for the jiurpose. The .seheme which was submitted to these two gentlemen, and which was sub- stantially approv<'d of by them, was this : The , articles exhibited in the Canadian section, w ith i the exception at lirst of li\e stock, dairy pro- , drxcts, new fruits, and fermented and distilled li(luors, were divided into .several classes, in- cluding (nu* for unenunierated articles. A Judge was asked for each class, and he was rec^uested to name the jx'rsons to whom a deiinite number of l)ronze and silver medals should l)e awarded. Each judge was further reitii>n .sciiKon. It was siil>.s('(|iit'iitly iiiiidi' to finl»ray Centennial JudL'os I'rom lingland. All tlieso gentlemen were re((uesled, whenever they miu:ht deem it necessary to associate themselves with experts, and this request was I'reely acted upon. The great hody ol' Canadian exhibitors owe many thanks toihe Knulish jiulges lor the great pains and care with whii'h they extircised the charLie committed to them — a charge which they accepted with great cheerl'ulness, and carried out with the most conscientious desire to do justice to all who were in any way interested in the results ol' their labors. The total number oi' Canadian medals thus awanh'd was lour hundred and eighty-seven, which inchuled thirteen gold, ime hundred and seventy-lbur silver, and two hundred and thirty bronze medals. There w'ero besides these, live hoiior- abh^ mentions in sixteen classes, and in the live stock department. So I'ar as the International competition was concerned, wo may state that in manuliictures and machinery of all kinds, including books and educational appliances, models of vessels, musical instruments, railway plants, &c., Canada obtained one hundred and seventy prizes. The total number of Interna- tional medals taken by Canadian exhibitors was live hundred and sixty-four, which shows a larii'e percentaue upon Canadian exhibits, as compared with the percentage of prizes on the aggregate of the world's exhibits, at thi.s great luteruatioiuil Exhibition. 10. — The year 1871! will belong remembered for the extreme heat of the summer months ; ,, , . ,. ,,„ the ''heated term" was one of (voncluflion of the iullMmiiiemcLt;,'"''' the most sevcrc ever experienced the .wanis. ■ j^ ^^^ Uuitod States. The labours of the Centennial judges, which required great and constant attention, both physical and mental, were ( arried on unremittingly during the whole summer, bxit they were amply rewarded when, at the completion of their arduous duties, tlie Ceiilcnnial Commission revised their reports, tind announced, with considerable ceremony, tlm number of awards ] granted to each competiuL;' nation The ( ere- [ numy of the announcement of the awards look place in the judues' hall, on the evening of the j L'7th of September, in the presen< f of ti Itirge find select assemblage. Upon the platform were the American luilhorities of the exhibi- tion, and .some of the most distinuuishcd men from all parts of the United Slates. The body of the hall was lilled by the ollicial rejircsenta- tives of all nations, some of them in brilliant j uniforms, and with numerous stai's tmd orders I glittering upon their breasis. The 'jalleries I were thronged wilh a galaxy of Itidies from all parts of th(! world, superbly dre.s.sed, and animated with the enthusiasm of the (MCiision, I which was made, if anything, more inspiriting t by all the iiccessovies of magniliceni music. Senator Mctrrill i)resided, and ehxjucnt speeches were delivered by a number of American gentle- men present. 17. — The great scene of the evening, however, occurred dixrinu' the distribution of the various national awards. Beginning with , , ,. ., ,,'j .' , .\ thrilliriu' -ri..|ic. the Argentine ( onlederation, the liist oi Nations was called, and, as I he repre- sentatives of each st(>pped forward to receive the roll of his country, the aiidience took advantati'e of his appearance to uive compli- mentary applause. This was very hetirty indeed in honor of Brazil, .Tapan, Russia, France, Austria and (rermany; but when Col. Sandford, the English Commissioner, who ap- peared in the rich uniform of blue and gold of the British artillery service, was called I'orward to receive the roll for the United Kinudorns of Great Britain and Ireland, there was a roar of applause, followed by shout after shout, the entire audience rising to their leet in honour of Old England. The elfect was electric, and after the Commissioner, bowing to the audience, had retired, the audience took up the theme again, and, with a second demonstration as hearty as the first, called him out a second time. It was some minutes ]>eibre the audience became suffi- ■'*»> l\ !l| i !-■< Tl'TTrJrs IllSTOliY (»!•' TIFK KOMIMOX nK C.WADA. I'ii'ntly rjiiict lor thi' ceremony ♦<> proceed, iiml then till' loll of the llritisll Culnllies WHS c;illei)lc were there commemorating the iireatest event in their national history ; it tended to cement mere closely the ties oi friendship and brotherhood, and was appre- cia*ed and hailed with an enthusiasm which, we are bound to Ixdieve. was the natural, heartfelt promptings of the national heart. 18. — From the opening of the Exhibition to its close, the official representatives of Canada and .\rkn..«ioi.'cim'iit ..r the other British colonic were (■..mmis^'oiHT'^ constantly bronuht in contaci. n'iai cumini^.''i"M!V.<. with the official representatives of the 'lother Country, who were unceasing in their eiivleavoursto I'ender them all the assistance in their power. These si'rvices, it was felt, re- quired some acknowledgme}it however formal, and, in addition to a comi>limentary banquet which was tendered the British Commissioners and uiven in their honor, a letter of thanks was 1 addressed by the Colonial Commi.ssioners to the I Karl of Carnarvon, the then Colonial Secretary ill the Imperial (Jovernment, in which thei sense of tho.se services Was a|)propriately ex- pressed. Ill Ibis letter, which was signed by the diilcreiit Colonial Commissioners headed by those IVoin Canada, the wiilcrs say: " \Ve desire, before scparatiim'. to convey to your Lordsliip our sense of indcblcdiiess for many courtesies, and much valuable aid, rcct'ived from the Uritish Executive, and from thi'ir I Secretary and stall' throuuhout the performance of our duties. The attention so shown to us has both liuilitaled our independent asty's dominions, and has thereby enabled us littinuly to manifest in this city, to the people of this country, and to its multituilcs of I'oreig.i visitors, that, whatever may have happened one hundred years ayo, the riiilcd Kingilom and , the Colonies are now lirmly joined in the (do.se8t bonds of friendship.' In his reply, which was conveyed through the tlovernors of the dill'erent colonies, the j']arl of Carnarvon, after expressing the great pleasure which the commuicalion had given himself and those to whom it particularly relerred, adds: "This letter has alforded the i hiu e;->t satisfaction to Her Majesty's Crovernment, and I am charu'edto express their warm apprecia- tion of the valuable labours of the Colonial Commissioners, which have so essentially con. tributed to the worthy representation of the British Empire at thi' Exhibition." r.». — The closing ceremonies of the Exhibition took place, as oris'inally intended, on the tenth of November. There was no ,.|„si„,,or,.„..„i... diminution in the crowds of "' ""^ '••^'"'""""■ visitors up to the end. but the authorities re- ! sisted the natural temptation to keep the Exhibition open a few tiii'd one ;ili)iii :iud i ho clo.st'st j i^hich wais J ! dilli'reiit spressino' i ill ion had rticularly nb'd the ermiicnt, iipprt'cia- C'olouial ally con. II o{' the ! chibition he tonth •oriMii. lilies 'Xiiibitioii. ritios rc- t^cp the t would my such natioiui- ol' their thor set osing of ivi'u by various lUJidred / €. I ^ ^>' 'I. <'i f [ .* I I Kt .1 1>V ■lii] I'lum (!u'!t. -> siliiWH to u- , . ;;*i!ti ;u'tl.oil, a)l«l lifV wlii'-li '^O •m M JM Ml ill'.'- r>M-> ''ll^ .'rpi- Ut.-.i = .! i-u , III a •• ;r hiouv ;. i| ;i> lill ' ■ •.' i'l'K'i.l I'l: ::i {he i:aSf \ of ^)l u (.liu> rouard lo th*' i' tu'' ■ /-^ befor" tht* wiiit. r \' ••...Ii.t I, ;i v'rsii' ^ w jv, nil . I; I ' .miH.-tou U) . ii,->sh:;i.'rs Hud ■' =p I ' ,;. ||l . i:. in i ENGRAVtO EXPRESSLY fOR" rUTTUS HISTORr Or THE DOMINION IH[ BURIAND DESBAfiMS l,1H0 tOMP- '*ij!:| Gl Ii w bJ w ai: Pl H o\ St m to eii th an th ri Ul m ill w ol fc o1 o: o C li G r ii e L GOVKHN.MKNT OF Till-: KARL OF DUFFEIUX— CANADA AT TlIF CHNTFNNIAL. 48!l distinguished guests I'lom all parts of the world. General Ha\vloy, the President of the Com- mission, presided, and, on giving the toast, "The United Kingdom oi' Gr(>at Briatin and Ireland and Iler Colonies," made some most flatterings allusions to the assistance that had been given to the Exhiliition by the great interest whieh had been taken in it by British exhibitors from all quarters of the globe. Sir Edward Thornton, the British Ambassador, who was present, remarks in his despatch to the British Government on tlie subject: " The toast was received by all who were present with an enthusiasm such as I have never seen dis- played during ray residence in this country, and every time mention was made either of Her Majesty, or of the British nation, it elicited overwhelming ai)plause ; indeed the United States' Commission unhesitatingly admit that much of tin' success of the Exhibition was due to the assistance and. lountenance given to the enterprise by Her Majesty's Government, and the British exhibitors from the United Kingdom, and from her colonies." On the following day the Exhibition was formally closed by the President of the United States. Owing to the unfavourable state of the weather the cere- monies, instead of being conducted as intended in the open air, took place in the judges' hall, where, in addition to the President, the members of his Cabinet and of the diplomatic body, the foreign Commissioners, and a large assembly of other officials were present. A military guard of honor was provided, on this as on oiher State occasions, by the First Troop of the Philidelphia City Cavalry, a corps which was raised one hundred and live years ago, which formed General Washington's body guard in the great revolutionary war, and which has maintained its organization, full num])ers, and equipment ever since its formation. 20. — Immediately after the close of the Exhi- bition the work of dismantling, packing and despatching was pushed forward with the greatest possil>le vigour. Notwithstanding this, however, considerable delays occurred in returning the Canadian Return of the Caniiiliaii cxIiibitK .')9 exhibits from Philadelphia. These were laused mainly by the obstacles which were thrown in the way of repacking and shipping by the rules of the United Stati's Customs Department. Although the Exhibition closed, as we have said, on the tenth of November, it was the twenty- second of the month before any of the exhibitors were allowed to dispose of their goods for ship- ment, and, after they had 1>egun to do so, many dilliculties occurred at each stage of the process up to the actual point of reshipping. The con- sequence was that the Canadian department was not closed till the •29th of Docembei', by which date everything might have been at home had the obstriictions referred to not inter- vened. As it was, however, on the first of January following, when every Canadiun puck- age had left for its destination, fully two-thirds of the British goods remained, and several of the other foreign countries had hardly com- menced shipping, so that Canada, who, at the opening of the Exhibition, was one of the farthest advanced in her preparations, was the first of all the assembled nations to close her department in Philadelphia. 21. — The grand results to the Dominion of the honourable and ('onspicuous part which she played in this first American International exhibition can scarcely be over-estimated. How- ever much or little her people have as yet experi- enced of the material benefits other splendid dis- play and competition, on an occasion that will always be memorable in her history, the moral effect of her patriotic exertions, and the success with which they were crowned, cannot be gainsaid. Taken throughout, there can be no doubt that the Exhibition at Philadelphia has had the effect of enhancing the feelings of self- respect and patriotism of many thousands of Canadians who visited it, and who saw that, except in some special classes of productions sometimes depending wholly upon the climate, or other accidental circumstances, Canadian industries were in no respect beliind those so much vaunted in the United Sttites. They had reason, indeed, to believe that, while they ^miw of the inoro inu'iTliiijI rr^iilts t(i (;mii.'i.|:i nf tlie Kxliihitiuii. Il i|!f| M i '!'f 4!)0 TUTTLK'S IIISTOKY OF THE DOMTXIOX OF CANADA. produced avticlos of as i^Toat excollonce, they produicd them at lower prices than their rivals, and that nothing prevented a valuable trade in many anieles between the two countries except the excessively hisrh American tariff. At the same time, the Exhibition has atlbrded proof that the demand ibr useful articles is not limited to a single nation, and has given cause to hope that, if our i)rodiXLls are debarred from a par- ticular market, they may nevertheless find a ready sale in other parts of the world. Nothing could be more encoiiraging than the manror in which mai: ,' of oiir manufactures were sought by our fellow-suojects at the Antipodes, and we may hope that other nations have already been found, or will be found hereafter to ))e, not insensible to the possibilities of profitable Canadian trade. In many visitors to the Exhibition, not belonging to the British empire, the display made l>y Canada excited, not only lively interest, but great astonishment. Canadians were repeatedly assured, as well ]>y the citizens of the United States, as by highly intelligent visitors from other countries, Euro- pean and American, that until they saw the variety and perfection of the goods in the Canadian dt^itartment, they had formed no just idea of the country from which those articles cinue. They were, of course, aware that the Do- minion had a place on the maps of the world, and of North America, but they had no conception that what they had regarded only as a strip of land, of inhospital)le i^limate, and remarkable chielly for ice and snow, could be capable of furnishing domestic animals of the greatest perfection, all the grains used for food in equal plenty and excellence, generous wines of a quality by no means despicable, and a variety of manufactures which extends throughout all the artiiles necessary for the use, if not for the ornament and luxury of life. In this respect, even if no direct pecuniary advantage should arise from the Exhibition, there can be little doubt that its value must be incalculable. Hitherto when Canada has appeared at an Intt-r- national Exhibition, in the famous capitals of i the old world, it has been as the exhibitor of a i few articles which, exiepting lumber and cereals, were looked upon as curiosities. At Philadelphia, in 1S7f the world, birt has everywhere built up frei' insti- tutions, and laid deep the foundations of an imperishable freedom. Facing her in generous emulation stands the United States, barked by the, wealth of her virgin territory and the inventions of her ingenious artificers, and, as you traverse the building from end to end, yoiT almost forget to remember whether you be English, Canadian, Australasian, American, from Africa or from India, in the proud con- sciousness that you are a member of that great Anglo-Saxon race whose enteri)rise has invaded every region, whose (.'hildreu have colonized two continents, whose langxiage is spoken by one-third of civilized mankind, whose industry thiongs the markets of the globe, and whof political genius has developed the only succes.s- ful form of constitutional government as yet known to the nations of the earth."* • We feel that tliKi sketch of the Ccntonniiil wmihl be incomplete withniit ."otnethiiiK more thnn the "mere meiiticm " of the Amoriciin Kentlcmen who so freely iind eiirnc.-tly iissistcil the Canaili.iii Ccimiiii?- sioners. ami .ve, therefore, niiponil the fullnwiiiK short >keti'he^ of Iheiii : Mr. (ieorpre W. Childs wn.-^ born in liiilliniori' in the year I'^Lfi, ami is essentiallyji self-made man. At a very early aire ho entered the I'nited States navy, where he remained lifteen montlis. Wlien just lifleen. he left lialtimore for Philadelphia, where lie obtained a .■'itnation in ,i publishing house, in which he at once proved his ailinirable business c|Ualifieations. lie represented his employers very successfully at the annual trade sales in New York and lioston.and, at the eial of four years, started in business for hini.«elf in a small room of the buildinir then occupied by the I'ulilir Liiliin- of I>hiladel|>hia. Socoi after, he was offered a partnership in the publisliinft house of U. K. Peterson *fe Co.. the name of the new firm beiuK Childs & Peterson. .Some of tlio most saleable and prolitabte books which have ever appeareil in Cia I'niled States were published by Mr. Childs' firm, his ij.tuitive saKacit>' and trood .indiimcnt in this res|icct goinu far to establish the fortunes of himself and his partner. In IHiU he |>urchased the /'»////-■ h'/;fir, a splendid newsiiaper property, of which he has ever since been the owiu'rand con- trol linjr spirit, and in the publication of which he has am:issed an immense anil evcr-incrensinK fortune. The I'lihli' O'lffn- was started iu W:*;, by three .i(Uirncymau printers, as a penny ilaily newspaper. It was n ureal success, and, amonirst his intimate friends, it was no secret that \-ouu^' Childs, while yet a boy of eiuhleon, and when the prosrieet (d' the acconi- |p|ishmc It of his wi^hes seemed in.'iiossible, set before himself, as an object to be achieved, the proprietorship of the Li'linr eslablishnu'nt. He saiil to Dr. R. Sheltim Mackenzie, nbie years before the event occurred. "If I live, I will become the owner id' the /'ii'.'o- hihm:" In ISiU, (he paper reiiched a critical stime in its existence. .Mr. Childs purchased it, aKainst the sironi.' .idvice of his IViends, for soincthin); over jiLTOiOnii. lie at once cloublcd its price and advanced the advcrtisinu rales, and, altliouKh these changes were for a time perilous, the course of the Iiaper, under its new and able management, soon mi.de it an abnost unex- ampled monetary success. It soon gained an immense e'rculation, and i8 i ■ ■! r IK\ CHArXER L. 'JOVHHXMHNT OF THK KAIiL OF DUFFERIN— THIRD SFSSIOX, TJLIRI) PARLIAMFXT, 187,the following gentlemen .vere gazetted judges ;i of the Supreme Court of tho Dominion i Hon. William Buell Uiehards, Chief .lustice, Hon. Messrs M'. .1. Uitchic. S. II. Strong,,!. T. Taschercftu, T. Fournierand W. A. Henry, I'uisne .ludges. i(g«WWW!W (fOVEl{N>rENT OF TIIK EARL OF DUFF ERIN— THIRD SESSION, THIRD PARLIAMENT. 403 bo submitted. The depression in trade had seriously affected tb"^ revenue ; and it was necessary to curtail tiio exj juditure. Corres- pondence with regard to the Pacific Railway would be laid lielore Parliament. A deputation Irom the Manitoba Crovernment had visited Ottawa with a view to some re-arrangement of the Income of the Province, which was not sufficient for ordinary expenditure, and propo- sitions concerning this would be presented. On the 11th the Address in reply to the Speech from the Throne was moved in the Commons by Mr. Casey, seconded by Mr. Tasihereau. No amend- ment was offered, Sir John A. Macdonald remarking that the Speech was " a most harmless printed document." Considerable discussion, however, took place with reference to a speech which the Postmaster-Greneral (Hon. Mr. Hun- tington) had delivered at Argenteuil in which he had violently attacked the Catholic religion ; and Hon. Mr. Mackenzie took occasion to repu- diate the Postmaster-General and to declare that the Ministry in no way held itself respon- sible for the "most unfortunate speech " of the Postmaster-General. The Address was then adopted. In the Senate, the Address was moved, on the 14th, by Hon. Mr. Paquet, seconded by Hon. Mr. Leonard, and adopted unanimously. 2. — The first debate of the session — except that on the Address — took place on the 16th February, on a motion by Mr. D Mills : " That a Select Committee composed of Messrs. Burpee, (Siinbury), Carrai- chael, Currier, Charlton, Dymond, Delorme, Piatt, Sinclair, Workman and the mover, be appointed to inquire into the causes of the pre- sent financial depression." He entered at some length into the question and attributed the depression to a great extent to our intimate trade relations with the United States, where there was very great depression. Sir John A. Macdonald thought the motion was really one to inquire into the state of the nation, and, therefore, equivalent to a motion of want of confi- dence. He thought that the motion should be suspended imtil after the Finance Minister had made his Budget speech. Mr. Young thought Tlie (Icprcssion in Xriiilo. that the country was in the position of a solvent trader who hnd ))ought a large and good stock at fair prices, l)ut found some difficulty in dis- posing of it, and favored the appointment of the Committee, as did Messrs. Dymond and Workman. Messrs. Irving and Kirkpatriek op- lX)sed the appointment of tfie Committee. Mr. Wood strongly advocated a Protective policy, and Mr. Thompson (Wdland) was equally strong in favor of Free Trade. The debate was continued on the 17th and 18th, and participated in by Messrs. Tupper, Norris, Bowell, Patterson, Currier, Oliver, McGregor, Rochester, McDou- gall (Elgin), Gilmour, Jones (Leeds), Davies. Orton, DeCosmos, Bunster and others. ]\Ir. Blaine moved to substitute " Manufacturing and Commercial " instead of financial in the motion, which was accepted by Mr. Mills. Hon. Dr. Tupper moved to add "Mining," and Hon. The liiiilfc'ct. Peter Mitchell " Shipping " which was agreed to and the motion as amended carried. 3.— On the 2oth February Hon. Mr. Cart- wright made his Budget Speech. The revenue for the year ending -SOth June, 1875, was $24,tJ48,71o ; expendi- ture, $23,713,071; balance, |935,644. Ihere had been a very marked decrease in the volume of trade, the imports having fallen ofT $7,7H5,512, and the exports, $11,464,949. The revenue for the current year threatened to fall very much below the estimate, as it showed nearly $2,000,- 000 less in the first seven months o ' 1874-5 than for the same period in 1873-74. L > attributed the depression to over-importation, fall of the price of lumber in the United States market.s, general extravagance and speculation, long con- tinued depression in the United States, and general financial trou})l(> throughout the world. He estimated the receipts for the current year at $23,250,000, and the expenditure at a little less ; which was a reduction of nearly $2,500,000 on last year. He declared that he did not think that either the late or present Crovernment could be fairly charged with having caused the existing depression ; and with reference to means of relieving it said, " There is no use in concealing that the Government have been im- m n 111 ■*% w % 494 TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF<' THE BOJfrNrON OF CANADA. portuiu'il Irom many quarters to declare them- selves ill favor of a hiuh tarilf." He then went ou at length to aryue that the depression although great, was only temporary, and that this was not the time to make radical changes which may inflict serious permanent injury on the country. He held that the true iiuancial policy of the country was to have what wa.s substantially a revenue tariti, which was the policy to which the (.Jovernnieut meant to adhere, and he hoped that by pursuing a policy of justice to all, prudt'uce and economy they would be able to tide over the existing depression. i 4. — Hon. Dr. Tapper reviewed the Financial policy of the Government at considerable length. Delate on the ""^ Severely blamed them for "''^'"-''' not attempting to allbrd any relief from the great commercial depression under which we were sulf'ering The expen- ditures were increasing and the receipts de- , creasing, and still the Government had nothing to propose. He thought that what Canada needed was a broad, lil)eral National Policy, j which would be founded on principles lieneficial j to the whole country, and not any line spun theories as to the relative advantages of Free Trade and Protection. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie was willing to admit, as he had before admitted, that absolute Free Trade was impossible ; and although, in theory, he was a Free Trader, he believed that the only policy suited to Canada was 'i tariff based on the requirements for ex- penditures — in other words, a Revenue Tariff'. The debate was adjourned to the 28th, when M" rving moved a long resolution to the effect th.-u it was necessary, under existing circum- stances, to revive diffln-eutial duties ; and that a rate not less than ten per cent, should be added to the existing rate on all foreign manufactures of the classes of goods which could be produced j in Canada. Mr. Charlton opposed any charge in the tarilf. Mr. "Workman moved in amend- ment to the amendment, " That this House deeply regrets to learn from the speech of the Honorable Minist(>r of Finance, on Friday last, that the Government has not proposed to this House a policy of Protection to our various and imjiortant manufacturing industries ; and that the large amoiuit of capital now invested in these industries, and their jiresent depressed condition, render such a policy necessary to restore them to a condition of i>rosperity," Mr. Workman's amendment was ruled out of order. Mr. Devlin spoke stvoimly in favor of Protec- tion, and Mr. John Macdonald (Toronto) pointed out the anomaly of a Committee beijig ap- pointed to inquire into the state of the mann- factuiing interests while the Government re- fused to do anythiuii' to relieve them. Sir John A. Macdonald said that the announcement of the Government that there would be no chanue in the tariff had taken him by surprise. He characterized the motion of the honorable mem- ber for Hamilton (Mr. Irving) as a protest against the Government in liivor of his constituents ; l>ut said that if the intention had been to make Protection look ridiculous the honorable gentle- mui could not have framed his resolution better. He advocated a broad National Policy, and was of opinion that the Government should take some steps towards relieA'ing the existing distress, A vote was then taken on Mr. Irving's amendment, which was defeated, 3 for, 174 against, and the debate adjourned.* The debate was continued on the 3rd by Messrs. Young, Bunster, McDougall (Elgin), Dynicnd, Appleby, Rochester, Davies, Plumb, Pope, Cartwright, Mackenzie, Vail and Holton, after which the motion to go into Committee of Supply was carried. 5. — On the 7th, on the motion to go into Committee of Supply, Mr. AVorkman moved the amendment which had been 11 1 J p 1 1 . .1 .Mntion in tavor declared oiit of order durinjr the ot I'n.ioetion Budget viJinl (Inwn. debate (see preceding paragraph). The motion was seconded by Mr. Devliii, and supported by Messrs. Domville and Colby. Mr. Palmer did not think that a Free Trade policy was practicable in Canada, and although he could not vote for the motion as it stood, still he would support any molion to • The tiiree whi Wo(iJ. vnteil fcir the motion were Mossr?. Irvinif, Devlin iinil (rOVHJfXMHNT OF TIIK KARL OF DrFFERIN— THIRD SK.SSION, Tllllil) I'AIM-IAMKNT. 495 revise tho tiivifl' in siich a inanncr as would atl'ord rclifl" to the mamiractiirt'is. He contended that it was a niistakt; to say that [n-otection to manul'acturers woukl injure larniers, as he thought that no one industry could lloiivish without beneHltinii' others. Mr. Brown thought that all the Canadian maniii'acturers needed was to be allowed to t'uter into I'air eorapotitiou with the Americans. Mr. f^inclair was of the opinion that the resolution was framed wholly in the interest of a small clique of manufacturers, and Mr. Cook hoped that it would receive so decided a negative as to kill all hope of a Protective Tariti' forever. Sir John A. Macdonald thought that the resolution did not go far enough, and althoiigh he should vote for it, intended to introduce a more comprehensive motion himself at a future stage. He believed that agriculture and manul'actures should go hand in hand, and the tariff be so re-adjusted as to foster both. He charged the Grovernment with inconsistency, and said that in not coming forward to the relief of the country, they had lost an oppor- tunity which may never return to them. Mr. Workman's motion was then put and lost. Yeas G4, Nays 119. | 6. --On the 21st February Dr. Orton moved for a Select Committee on the Agricniltural interests of the Dominion. He spoke oi' the unfair operation of the American tarifl", :vnd claimed that while we j were admitting American I'arm produce to free competition with our own productions, the i ('anadian farmers had been forced to iiay over 825,000,000 into the United States Treasury | since the abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty, ■ in the shape of duties. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie i objected to the appointment of the Committee. He thought that : "The farmers are quite aide to take care of themselves ; they are the most prosperous class in the country, and the nos- trums the hon. gentleman would prescribe for their proetction I do not think they will have on any account."* The debate was continued * The roHuK (if the Cienoral Election of 17th Septombor, ISTS, slioweil tliiit Mr. .Miu'kon/ie wii.-* riffht in hU opiniun tluit the fiirmers of Chitario were '* iiuite ttblo to tuko eare c)f theinselve.s ;" but moat wotully wrong I'nitei'lioii for farmers. by Messrs Masson, Archibald, McCallum. Pat- terson. Stirton tind Casey, and adjourned until 22nd when Messrs. Plumb and Smith (Peel), ad- vocated the appointment of the Committee, and Messrs McDougall (South Kenfrew) and Burpee (Sunbury) opposed it, tuid the debate were again adjourned. On the 8th Mtirch, (he del)ate was resiimed by Mr. Wallace (Norfolk) who, as representing a farming constituency, was per- fectly certain that the farmers desired to thange the existing state of things between Canada and the United States. ^Ir. Trow had travelled very extensively in Western Ontario, and also repre- sented a farming constituency, but he had not heard any farmers asking for protection against American competition. The only kind of pro- tection the farmers wanted was against the weevil, the Hessian lly, and the Colorado bug ; if the mover of the resolution, being a medical man, could prescribe some remedy for these evils he would be doing the larmers a much greater service than by any Protection motion. The debate was continued by Messrs. Gordon, Huntington, Pope, Bovvell, Mills and Kyinal, after which, some slight chanucs in the Committee which hadbi'en proposd by Hon. Mr. Mackenzie having been made, the motion for a Committee was carried witout division. 7. — On the 10th Vlarch, on the motion to go into Committee Oi Supply, Sir John A. Mac- donald moved in amendment g.^, j^^i^,, ^ .\,.|,,. that " This House regrets His Hi'.l'lr J!;i:',i!illi!", Excellency the Governor Gene- '''"'^^""='^- ral has not been advised to recommend to Par- liament a measure for the readjustment of the tariff, which would not only aid in alleviating the stagnation of business deplored in the gra- cious Speech from the Throne, but would also afford fitting encouragement and protection to the struggling manufactures and industries, as well as to to the agricultm-al products of this country." In a long and able speech he reviewed the questio)! of the necessity for a ehtuige in the tariff at the present time, and advocated the adoption of a broad National Policy, which, in liin iJea that they iliil not want their pruduets protecteil against Ame- rican competition. "tS, ^%l ^u i ii 4!M! TrTTTJVS iriSTORV OF TUB DOMINION OF ( 'ANAPA. M'hile ali'ovding piotcction tooiir inaiuiiactiii'in<;' and a^iiiullural interests, would, also, furnish a suilicicnt revenue lor conductins'' the business ol' (he country aud proeeediug with the impor- tant |)ul)lie works wliich had heeome absolutely necessary. lie held that the reduction in ex- penditure claimed l)y the Finance Minister in his lUidget speecli was not a ijenuine reduction, as it was only accomplished by postponing or abandoning public works which the country needed. He ([uoted from English and American ! authorities to show that the countries whose products were protected were competing with Free Tradt' lilngland in her own markets and beating her; and already it was prophesied that j in less than ten years the very people in ! England who clamored lor l'"ree Trade and Free Bread, would be demanding a return to the Protective policy under which Fngland had grown to be great and powerful. He said he had no hope that the present Grovernment ' woiild change its policy after the very pro- ' nounced opinions of some of its members, but he desired to appeal beyond the Government, beyond the J louse, to the sober second thought of the country. Hon. ^Ir. Cartwright dejirecated anything like a retaliatory ]wlicy towards the , United States ; and defended the policy of the Government, claiming that they had m^de some A'ery important reductions in expenditures. He denied that the Government had ever held out any promises of a readjustment of the tariif ; and held that thi' adoption of a Protective policy would only be to further the interests of a few manufacturers at the expense of the general public. Ml. Masson .supported the resohUion ; Dr. Brouse preferred lleciprocity to Protection ; Mr. Laurier favored Protection but thought the resohition went too far. and Mr. Mousseau charged Mr. Laurier with inconsistency, after which the debate was adjourned. On the 14th the debate was resumed by Mr. Fleming who opposed Protection and specially ob- \[ jected to fiv-quent charges in the taritf. Mr. Wallace did not think the question was one of Protection or Free Trade at all, but of a readjustment of tarilis. He thought there must be something radically wrong in the fiscal policy which made us go 3,000 miles for coal while we had such large deposits in the Dominion, import iron while we had the Jinest iron in the world right under our feet, and wool when we could grow much more than we needed. Mr. Bertram said that we had prospered under our present system, and it should bo continued. Mr. McNab and Mr. Bunster supported ihe resolution. Mr. Kirk- patrick thought the tariff should be readjusted, and claimed that the Finance Mi)iister had led the country to expect that it would be. Messrs. Mitchell, Colby, Macdonald and Norris sup- ported the resolution and Mes.srs. Archibald and Carmichael opposed it, after which the debate was again adjourned. On the following day Messrs. liorden, Cameron (Smith Ontario), Mills, Casey, Oliver, Mackay, Kirk and Hagar opposed the resolution, and Messrs. White (Hastings), Plumb, Wood, DeCosmos and McCallum sup- ported it. Hon. Dr. Tupper reviewed at length the policy, or w ant of policy, of the Government ; and claimed that the country at large showed that it wanted Protection, for in nearly every case where a candidate had declared himself in favor of moderate Protection, he had been returned. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie defended thi. course of the Government, and ridiculed the idea of the coiintry at large wanting Protection. Alter some further debate, the House divided, and Sir John A. Maidonald's resolution was defeated, Yeas, 70 ; Nays, 116. 8. — The summer of 1875 was a most disastrous one for the yoimg Province of Manitoba, which was just beginning to feel the .j.,,e , .....shopper beneficial effects of immigration. ri»'"'e >" Manitoba. The grasshoppers literally " ate up every green thing," the settlers lost all their crops and were in great danger of starving through the winter, and did not save enough for seed. In this plight the Executive Council of Manitoba applied to the Dominion Government for a sum of money with which to procure provisions for the winter, and seed corn for the spring. The sum asked was $60,000, as a loan, and the Dominion Government promptly adA^anced it. (;»)Vi;i;xmi;nt ok tiik kaim, ok DrKKKijiN— I'HI.vcii'al kvknts ok 1'- on the ;5rd, and naviyation Ijoinj-- entirely closed on the 18th November — and a largi' portion of the uoods could not reach Winnipeg by boat. This in- volved winter transportation, which added greatly to the cost, and used up so much of the $60,000 ihat Lieutenant-Governor Morris was forced to make an application for an additional $25,000. This wa.s done by letter under date IGth March, and on the lollowinii' day Hon. Mr. Cartwright submit ted a message from His Excel- lency transmitting a supplemental estimate for $25,000 for relief of tho distressed settlers. The matter was at once referred to Committee of Svipply. and the item passed. 0. — Parliament was prorogued on the 12th April, His Excellency giving assent to thirty- ! Pronwition. A,t. "i"^' puldic and thirty-six private I '"""•"• and local Bills. Amongst the most important Acts passi-d was one granting j $20,746 per annum for six and a half years to I Manitoba, so as to raise the annual subsidy to $90,000. An Act permitting witnes-ses before I Parliamentary Committees to be examined under oath ; an Act with regard to corrupt practices at elections ; an Act providing for the collection of criminal statistics ; an Act provid- I ing for the bridging of navigable streams under I certain conditions ; an Act relating to the main- tenance and management of Indians ; an Act I amending th(» Dominion Lands Act ; an Act j ci siting the District of Keewatiu out of the territory lying north of the International bound- ary, west of Ontario, south of Hudson's Bay and j east of the westerly boundary of Manitoba. The j Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba to be ex officio Lieutenant-Governor of the new district, the Governor-in-Council appointing a Council of five or ten to assist him. An Act amending the , Supreme and Exchequer Courts Acts, providing for taking evidence by Commission, &c. An Act amending the Insolvent Act of 1875, and i another providing for the winding up of the ' affairs of insolvent banks. 60 CHAPTEK LI. (lOVKRXMKXT OKTIIK KAIM- OK DrKKKIilX— l'l(!X('ll'A[, KVKXT.S OK ISTC 1. Dominion 1?o.\ri) of Tuaek.— 2. Tkiirihia DKSTllUCTIVK FIREH. — 3. MaIM.M-: DISASTKli.x. — 4. CaKINKT CHAXdKS. CHA.NOK i)l' I'OMTI- v\\. FEEiiiNG.— 5. Lord Duffkimn's visit to British Coli'mhia.— 6. Other events of THE YEAR. 1. — The sixth annual meeting of the Dominion Boa'd of Trade was openi'd at Ottawa on the 18th January, the President, Mr. |,,„„i„i„„ ,j,„,,,i Fairweather, presiding. Forty- "' '''•■"i'' nine delegates were present, representing eighteen organizations, whose aggregate mem- bershi]) was 2,083. The lirst bu.siness, altei reading the annual report, etc., was the adoption of a resolution introduced by Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton, that the Dominion Government he petitioned to urge on the British Government the advisability of an amendment to the existing Treaty of Extradition with the United States so that it should inchide all criminals, except persons accused of jrolitical olienses. ^Ir. Mingay (Kingston) urged the appointment of Government Bank Inspectors, but the motion was lost on division ; as was also a motion by Mr. Desjardins that the Gov(>rnment be askinl to grant a subsidy to establish a line of winter steamers between Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. A resolution in iavor of the compulsory inspection of butter, petroleum, hides, ashes, beef and pork, was lost ; and one. proposed by Mr. W. H. Howland. in fiivor of an uniform system of grain inspection adopted, as was also a motion that the Govern- ment be recommended to establish a Canadian Lloyds. A long discussion took place on the motion of Mr. Adam Brown that the Government be petitioned to replace the ten per i(Mit. duty on Tea and Coffee imjiorted other than direct from the place of production, whit'h had been repealed by the Mackenzie Administration. The arguments tended to show that the removal II: 1)1 Ij'^S. '«^^ H 4!»8 TITTLKS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMINION OF I'ANADA. of this duty had Itroki'ii down lht> diivct tradt» between C'amuhi and China, and thrown the husinesN into New York without reducing tho retail price, or benefiting- the coufsumer. The resolution was adojitod ^2^> lor, to 11 against. A resolution recommending the tiovernment to construct the Cauiihnawuga Canal was intro- duced by lion. John Yoxina; and carried. A long and interesting debate took place on the subject of the depression in trade, and a resolution, introduced l)y Mr. Adam lirown, to the eilect liiat the Irovernment should adopt a " National Commercial Policy," and take measures to protect the capital invested in our manufactures, was adopted by a vote of 23 to 14. Several other subjects were discussed, and Mr. Andrew ]{obertson, of Montreal, elected President for the ensuing year, after which the meeting adjourned sine die. •2. — Never before in the history of Canada had there been a greater succession of extensive Tofribiydc. to the extent of $70,000 done. The town had been singularly free from lires for some years, and this large destruction partially aroused the people to a sense of their almost entire want of protection against fire, and they very nearly bought a steam fire engine, unfor- tunately, they did not quite buy it, and the next lire nMidered the S(>rvices of one unnecessary for some time — at least until the town could be rebuilt. Another fire broke out about 8 o'clock on the morning of the 18th June, in a lumber pile in IJousquet's Saw^ Mill, and spread very rapidly to ad.joiuing buildings. There were little or no appliances for mastering the flames, and the fire soon got beyond control, and burned until the whole business portion of the town was destroyed, 225 houses being laid in ashes, upwards of -400 persons rendered houseless, and damaue to the extent of over $1,000,000 done, only about )«;40(»,f»00 of which was covered by Insurance. I'lifortunately two persons were burned to death and seven seriously injured. On the third September a similar disaster overtook the flourishing town of St. Ilyacinthe, about 35 miles from Montreal, and in a few hours what had been one of the most prosperous towns in the Province of (Quebec was little more than a heap of smouldering a.shes. The fire broke out about 1.45 p.m. in a shed in rear of the office of the Courrier >lii Canniln. occupied by a man named Maxinie Blanchette, and spread rapidly. Here, also, as in St. John's, there were no appliances for coping with a large fire and it was soon beyond control. Montreal, (Quebec and l-icvis were telegrai)hed to for help and responded as speedily as possible. In less than an hour after the telegram had been despatched to Montreal for help, a portion of the Montreal Fire Brigade, with the steamer "A. Bertram" was at work on the flames — the run from Point St. Charles to St. Hyacinthe having been made l)y the Grand Trunk in 32 minutes. It was nearlv 5 o'clock before the Montreal men got to work and ley had a fight of four hours before the fire was under control, by which time the entire business portion of the town was des- troyed, over 300 houses bt>ing in ashes, 500 persons homeless and $1,500,000 of damage done, only about $2')0,000 worth of which was covered by Insurance. Not a single bakery was left, and large quantities of bread and other pro- visions had to be sent from ]Mv,aireal and other places. The largest fire which had occurred for years in (Juebec broke out about 2 o clock in the afternoon of the 30th May, in Scott Street, St. Louis suburb and raged with great fury for several hours, 411 houses being destroyed, and damage down to tho extent of $500,000, nearly $300,000 of which was covered by Insurance. The suburb was thickly populated, and it was estimated that over 1,000 people were rendered homeless, the majority of whom were poor persons, unable to bear the loss. Several other town and cities suffered severely from fire during the year, and extensive bush fires raged nl dl iq ,000 doll,., ovcrt'cl by Diis were f injurod. distifiter lyacintho, It'w hours rospcroxis ittle moro TJie fire par of the >iod by a j d spread lere wore iro iijul it Quebec K'lp and less than '^patched Montreal Bertram " >m Point H'u made It was i?n got to •s before time the vas des- k's, 500 damag-e ich was :t'ry was her pro- d other icurred 3lock ill Street, ury for ed, and nearly iirance. it was ndered ? poor 1 other tn iire raged GOVKIINMKNT (»l' TIIK V.W'A. or hrKFKIMN— rUINCll'AL KVKNTS (»F is?!!. MMt Miiriiif iliHiiilerH. in several parts of the country, but these three disasters at Qubec, St. John and St. Ilyacinthe made all other lires look small by « onipurison. 8. — Although there wore sevi'ral severe gales on the coast, and on the lakes during the year, and the lo.ss of both life and pro- perty was heavy, still there was no one great marine disaster, the largest loss of life occasioned by aecideiits to seagoing vessels being 68 by the foundering of the schooner Katie on her way I'rom Port Hawkesbury, P. E. I. to Boston ; and 30 in the ship Lake St. Clair, which foundered at sea on a voya'je i'rom New York to Olasgow. The total number of casualties to sea going vessels was 403, involv- ing the loss of :W1 lives, and the destructiim of $2,7.")5,(iftO worth of property. On the Inland waters of the Dominion there were 11 disasters and 13 lives lost, t! by the loss of the ban^ue F. C. Street in Lake Ontario, in May, while on her way from Port Colborne to Toronto ; and 7 by the foundering of the Ma I'iiUlt Sourt'lary of State, ' to tliu fact "I'lhf olliior wlmso duty il was to fiiniisli a eopy of lliu Onler-iri-Coiiiioll to this Doparttnont for transmi-^sioii » • • haviiiK inadvertently ' »-ep..rted. they snceeeled ' 'st iletohcr in horrowiiiK on tho Iin|ieriahlnaranlee, in ivhii-h iho I'n .incB is siieeially interested, a," it was mainly k'iven tn aid in the eiMis'.riietion of tho I'aeiHe liailway. OvvinK to the iletenlion alluded to, the IVovineial llnvernmunt were not Hll'orded an oin'orinnily of iiMiestiii!! in the |iro|ier nnarter auainst the "•''• the National Board of Trade of resohitions in favor of Reciprocity; and the formal opening of the Intercolonial Railvv'ay on the 1st .Tilly. On the 12th July there was an Orange riot in St. John, N. B., in which one man was shot, and there was .some little disturbance in Montreal, but nothing serious. On the 22nd July 800 Icelanders arrived at Quebec on their w^ay to Manitoba where they had secured a re- servation. Towards the end of the year they were severely alliicted with small pox and suffered a great deal. One of the " events " of the year was the visit of the Montreal Lacrosse Team to England accompanied by a Team of Caughnawaga Indians, for the purpose of jilaying exhibition games and introducing our National sport into the Mother Country. They were well received wheri'ver they went, and had the honor of playing before IL'r Majesty at Windsor ; and it is a curious coincidence — and may be used as an illustration ol the difference between the Canadian and American systems of treating the Indians — that on the very day (2."ith June) on which these two teams of white and red men were i)laying together in friendly rivalry for the amusement of their Queen, the red men of the Un.ted States were engaged in fierce combat with the soldiers of their country, and the deadly tomahawk of the Sioux was dying the Western prairies with the life-blood of Custer and his men. CHAPTEK LI I. (iOVKl.'XMHXT OF Till-; KAIiL OF DCFFFRIX— FOl'RTII SFSSIO.X, THIRD PA IJLIAMFNT, 1S77. 1. Opening ok P.\RiiiAMENT. The Speech FROM THE Throne. — 2. The llrntJE'i. — :5. DeHATE 0\ THE BuDdET— 4. DeH.VTE ON THE TAHiFE. — 5. The Independence of Paki.ia- MENT.— (i. PaCIKIC KaIIAVAY. — 7. PUOROOA- TU)N. Bills i\v.>roposod changing were the abolition of tho I'Acise duty on coal oil, and the n'duction of tho duty on imported oil from fifteen to six cents i>er gallon. On malt it was proposed to place a tax of one cent per pound, and three cents per gallon on beer. The duty on cotton and linen thread to be raised from ten to seven- teen and a half per cent. ; on cigars a specific duty of fifty cents per pound and twenty per cent, ad valorem- ; perfumery, twenty-five per cent. From these and a few other slight changes, he expected to realize about $500,000 additional, which he thought would be suffi- cient to cover any dotroase in the revenue. 3. — Hon. Dr. Tupper quite agreed with the Finance Minister that the financial condition of the country was greatly to be p„,,„„„„„,„ deplored ; ho wont further than '^">'»'^'' that, and thought that it vras a source of much mortification that a Finance Minif'?r should have to dis; lose such a state of affairs, and not be prepared to offer any remedy. Hoferring to the det'onnial period just closed, as the Minister of Finance had done, he said it A'as divided into two periods — seven j'oars of almo 't unpre- cedented and unexampled prosperity, and three years of what the Finance ^linistor had most properly called " deep distress ; " — and the dividing line between these two periods was very clt>arly marked by the accession to power of tho present Administration, and a change in the financial policy of the country. lie then compared tho two periods, claiming that during the first seven years of Confederation the Grov- ernment of which he had been a member had been able to meet all expenditures liberally — even extravagantly, it had been charged — and to spend $13,000,000 on public works out of current receipts, besides placing $3,000,000 to tho credit of tho Sinking Fund, which was equal to a reduction of the debt by $16,000,000. This was accomj^lishod with only a fifteen per cent, tariff; Jnit ho held that fifteen per cent, then gave greater protection to the manufac- turer than twenty per cent, would now, on account of the changed condition of the labour market in the United h^tatos ; })esidos w^hich, it had been the policy of the Government to keep raw materials entering into manufactures on the free list, especially in the case of machinery which could not be purchased in Canada, and which was requiri'd for manufacturing pur- poses. When the Government found they had to seveu- a ispecilif .venty per '^-fivo per i>r slight §500,000 be sufR- (iiue. with the iditiou of on the of miK'h r should ' and not 'rring to Minister divided 't unpre- nd three ad most md the j ods was ' power I lange in I IIo then I t during j he Gov- ! ber had erally — 3d— and i out of 1,000 to I ch was I f^OO.OOO. ! een per ! lanufac- j ow, on labour hich, it to keep iros on ;hinery la, and g pur- ey had GOYEILXMKXT OF HAJ{L OF DUFFHRIN— FOUimi SFSSlOX, TIIIIM) PATJLIA.MKNT. 50:! more revenue than they required, they did not '■ reduce the slight protection alforded manufao- turos, but rather increased it by removing the duties irom tea and coffee, which was a step in i the interest of the employes of manufacturers. With regard to the sixty-five per cent, increase in shipping, mentioned by the Finance Minister, ' he (Dr. Tupper) thought it was one of the strongest arguments which could be pioduced in favour of the policy of the late Grovernment in keeping articles whichentered into ship-l)uilding on the free list. He referred to the Washington Treaty, and the advantages which had accrued to Canada by the free admission offish to United States markets. Referring to the attempt to adopt a '• National Policy " in 1870. and to the impo.sition of duties on coal, salt, wheat, &c., he said " the one short year of its continuance was sufficient to enable parties interested in the development of the great coal mining industries of this country, to point triumphantly to the i fact that no such injurious' results followed as j had been predicted, ))ut that the American duties on coal were immediately reduced from $1.25 to 1 75 cents, the duty on potatoes, of which there was a considerattle export from the Maritime Provinces, was Inrsidy reduced, and so was that on lumber and other articles, and instead of the policy resulting, is predicted by lion, gentlemen opposite, as an injury to the revenue, the result proved to be entirely the reverse, and, while Canada derived $800,000 of revenue upon those articles sent by the United States into this country, we saw an immediate amelioration of the taritf whicli existed then, in favor of Cana- dian industries." He refi'rred to tht' policy of the late Government with regard to railways and public works, and compared it with that of the present Administration, greatly to the pre- judice of the latter. He denounced the policy of the present Crovernment when in Opposition in causing the repeal of the protective duties on coal, &c. ; and in defeating the Pacilic Railway policy oi' the late Administration, a policy which he chiimed would have caused the expenditure of $100,000,000 of foreign capital in Canada, and have stimulated an immigration which would have built up the North-West. He reviewed at length the tariff chanaes which had been made by the present Adminis- tration, and claimed that by taxing machinery and raw materials which entered into manufac- tures, and imposing duties on ships and ship materials, they had struck heavy blows at important industries. When more revenue was wanted the Government instead of continuing the fostering policy of the late Administration had imposed duties on tea and coffee, thus increasing the cost of living to the poor man. He claimed that the taritf had been so framed, that instead of affording any relief from the commercial depression, it rather intensified it by imposing every conceivable burden, and repress- ing every industry. He criticised severely the manner in which the last loan had been placed on the London market and the terms obtained and said, " The fact is this, and the people may as well understand it, that at li-ast two per cent, on two and a half millions sterling has been taken out of the pockets of the people of Canada and distributed among the happy ]>arties who had the good fortune to obtain this loan." He commented unfavorably on the proposed taritl" changes, that anv chan ges m that direction should be made on the basisof a broad National Policy which would protect our own industries ; and concluded by prophesying that the mistaken and iiupatrioti(' policy of the Government had lost them th(> conlidence of the country, and that they would not b(> able much longer to continue thinr downward course. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie replied to the Hon. Dr. Tupper characterizing many of his statements as exaggerated and inaccurate, and ridiculing the idea of a " National Policy " as something which the Opposition did not dare to define, but contented themselves with vague statements about " litling protection," without saying what that fitting i)rotection was. Sir .lohn A. Macdonald replied to Hon. Mr. Mackenzie after which the motion to go into Committee of Supply was passed. 4, — On the 2nd March, on Hon. Mr. Cartwright moving that the House go into Committee of 4 504 TUTTLE'S lIISTOin' OK TIFK DOMINION OV CANADA. Dulml« .III (he 'I'lirifV. Ways and Mi'ans on the tariif resolutions, Sir John A. Mac- donald moved an amendment : " That the said resolution he not now read a second time, but that it be resolved that the House regrets that the financial polity submitted by the Govern- ment increases the burden oi' taxation on the people, withoiit any compensatinii' advantag-e to Canadian industries ; and lurther, that this House is of opinion that the deliciency in the Kevenue should be met by a diminution oi' expenditure, aided by such a readjustment ol' the taritr as will benefit and foster the agricul- tuial, miuiiiii- and manufacturing interests of the Dominion." He said that he believed there was a very general dissatisfaction ti., ^'Jghout the country at the changes proposed m the re- solutions, which only increased taxation without aliordinu' any protection to our strugling industries. He specially objected to the heavy tax put on malt, which was much greater than that on spirits ; and on ale, which made the duty on that light and wholesome beverage "seventj' percent, higher than any other country in the world." He thoiTght that so long as intoxicating drinks were used, it was best to enconrau-e the iise of the lighter and most innoxious kinds in preference to whiskej'^ and other spirits. He objected to the s])(>cilic duty of five I'cnts per pound on tea; he thought it was a harmless and useful beverage, the use of which should be encouraged, and he more strongly objected to the manner of levying the tax which made the poor man pay as much on his tw.'Uty-live cent tea as the rich man did on his which cost one dollar or more per pound. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie defended the policy of the GoA'i^rnment, and held that a time of depres- sion was not the proper time for a reconstuc- tion of the tariff. He attacked the "National Policy'" idea and held that I'rotection was one of the relics of the Dark Ages, while Free Trade showt>d the advance of human I'reedom. The debate was adjourned until the (Jth, whiMi Mr. Charlton defended the policy of the (iovernment, and attributed the existing depression to the late war in the United States which had caused an enormous inflation of values and we were now suffering from the reaction. Hon. T. N. Gibbs criticised the policy of the Government and showed how it had killed the direct trade with lJra;:il in sugar, and with China and .Tap.in in tea. Mr. Plumb supported Sir John A Mac- donalds am<>ndment and Mr. Ross (Middlesex) opposed it. Mr. Wood said that he heartily sup- ported the Government in their general policy, but differed from them in their commercial policy. He could not support the amtmdment because, " It was a general omnibus including everything in the country, and might mean any- thing or nothing, just as circixmstances might require." He advocated a 20 per cent, tariff, and concluded in moving in amendment to the amendment " That, inasmuch as it is deemed necessary to raise an additional revenue, it is the opinion of this House that the interests of the country would Ijc better served by imposing additional duties upon such goods and wares as may be produced in Canada, thereby affording increased protection, while securing the addi- tional revenue required." The debate was con- tinued by Messrs. Colby, and Thompson (Welland), Sir John A. Macdonald — who read a letter from Mr. George Stephen, one of the largest manufacturers in Canada, saying that manufacturers generally wn-e in favor of a tax of 75 cents a ton on coal, provid(>d it was made part of a general tariff reform, — and Mr. John Macdonald (Toronto) and again adjourned. The debate was continued on the 9th, 13th and loth when Mr. Wood's amendment to the amend- ment was lost, Yeas, 78 ; Nays, KtJt. Dr. Orton moved an amendment to the amendment to the effect that the tarifl' should be so ri'-arranged as to relieve Canadian farmers from thi; one-sided and unjust t'fl'ects of the United States' tariff. The debate was continued on th(^ 2'2nd when Dr. Orton's amendment was lost, 74 for, to 113 against. Sir John A. Macdonald's amendment was then lost, Yea.s, 70; Nays, 119; and Hon. Mr. Cartwright's motion on the first resolution amending the tariff adopted, Yeas, 120; Nays, 69. On the further consideration of the tariff resolution,s, on 3rd April, Mr. Wallace moved ! were now '. N. Gibbs imt'nt and trade with Japan in II A. Mac- 'liddlest'x) iirtilj' sup- ral policy, Jmmercial tiondraent including neau any- !es might tariff, and t to the ? deemed nul^ it is terests of imposincf wares as litbrdinjr he addi- was con- lompson read a 3 of (he ng that of a tax IS made r. John d. The lid Ifith amciul- . Orton : to the igi'd as e-fsided tariff. when to 113 dment 1 Hon. lution Nays, tariff iioved *< > .;, *^ ;i^ "■^'p sf i*^^* ^^. ■•»* \^. J' ^-: 'i„:'-^:'«»<' ■ '**i*ii-(»' TV- ■,ni < iii.»iii I -A. "" ^'um ol ■ •>•'--• •'■ . \'e were now ;! !i!'^ nv. . ;• T. N. (^i!>l)^ ji '• ■if the ' '< vovnmout ami j i' .\ ! h;ir.i ru '.' .■ riutnb suppoi' I- . ,» union.Jmoiit aud Mr. H is«i ^iVlii'tii • 1 '■ Mr. Wood rirtid tha,i !i; '. ■ tJvp 4'i.orf.rnri>«->»tt *■■,' '■: .1 vfreai.-' •n •r:h Tjia-' .ri ^ruv- !.. ■ .: . lit- %;!;i.-;.» Til'. iUpp^^Tt tue flrnLuJ..acjK ;. .;.i..'. ■ It vvft* a •,'/• • !Er ■.'r«.< 'thing, : - . .•t|iu';>i '■ |J.<.j aQclQ<''Hl in n \ iag in am k' amftmlnumt " That, iiia-^much nr'i;tm-.vF^- t<"> raiae an ruvljtjuiiui ,<.K-ir.... i; i-. Ih.' opi 'ion of this HouRf '^i''t ;!■ .'•iinesl.-- ol' ! ; f:cv try would bf boTt nnprt-inv ! ,11 Ij atidif.il. !ial dtttie.v .nirui'Mnj i-'^a."' '1 r re-! i-'i. ..Mi ■i v', lo the CKCi.T in rt*a; be tlioiip'i 10 !• ' ,4;.>«i loanoxa . rinai'.- Hi. ..alactttrfrs ■/■ arraiiy vvri,' ill ku iji oi :l •; • oi"r6 cents i< Ion on coal, jno- -id' iH .t wr. m.^.'- 'levefa^iB, the i - •. ; > of' a {■ ,» Uiri.!!' i\ ^ • •' i'.nd he more It ^li^<.Oonald (TMro^to) lU'J [i.^a.-aadiuiiriim. \h>' .Ki-^r of l«\-yinQr the 1} dtb.u<' '.v"as . n'lluttt-'' "u ih.' Sih, ^Ih -nd ITitli ; p:in p(i% F> ^ ru'ioii ou [j wh' ' Hr, vVi"dV • ;ndnu>i*' to".lh(\ |rll•""!■ '!.^ . '■! .u:'i: (] id ou 1 m'vUfc waf ': V Nuy^j U»iJ[i He '■ > ■ vriji." li ino\t.'iy'i] be »<• ■t.'-amtisif.v! .. >'■ ,■ -H- I, 1 . :i' > ■' ' 'cVuadiftTi ''.rmeri, }i-cu,' ,hr- (^•■^-■'■ii-:' ill • i'tj>;ottai.«'- ', .iiiU imjust \ li'^cii* of ib'^ TJiiitpd Stn*.'' ; .-i'l \ diDn!)'] ' Th'" '^ l,iiL6\sis p;ln^l^a.e•l I'li di..- -ljuI win u ! iUis ani.Midru^atwjvs lost, "'1 Inv. lit 1 ': .,-, 7U ; JSnys, tlu. ;u-.4 rlon dil tb'"' (>;' '■<•*.' M' ' M ■ '•.••1 ! \V'' 'll » ! 'liir,!: n>i {'■;■■ itr.; ....m! h'-;" V nftJi,> ■•■ ^ . 1- -x'^ ■ v-vero if imtMlT HM'l Japan m j; ti A Msw. sup- I no, I.' iiicitKlvii/ ran v I t I rhv . ,1 ., m.. . t'M-esli!j ol' iniposirt'.' Wit'. . - : > '';■■;.• iiu; i.hn; ol M hv I ill. ■ I.- '■ .-r •ul I'/l.', S ' » i ■ ■ ■ I to , .'. vv;- u to ) !,; ■i'r.i 11/ ) Hon |)!.it;;ii ■ r;.,-ii; I fiOVEUXMKNTOF'^TIIR KARL OF DUFFHIilX— lAJUIlTII SKSSIOX, TIllIU) PAULIAMMNT. .-)().-) an amondmtMit that tho duty on tea bo made ad vnlorcm iiisload orspccific, wliiih wa di'loati'd by 114 to tlij, and the resolutions adopted without division. 5. — The matter of the Government printing in Now Brtmswick having oeen giving to the Thoin.iopouieno.. Frteimm newspaper, of whieh , f I'ariiami.nt. jj^^ j^,. Angllu, Speaker of the House, was Editor iiud proprietor, had been attracting the attention of the press for some time ; and, on the 7th April, ]\Ir. Mackenzie Bowell brought the subject Ix-fore the House by moving that the holding of the contract by the Speaker was a l)reiich of the Independence of Parliament Act. Mr. Mackenzie complained of the i'actious disposition of the Opposition; and said that as soon as the matter had been brought under the notice ot the Govi-rnment the contract had been cancelled. Mr. Ulake sug- gested that the matter should be refi'rred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The debate was adjourned to the 9th. when Mr. BowelTs motion was deiV-ated. — Yeas ~tz ; Nays 111. Subsequently, on a motion by Mr. Casey, the matter was referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The Committee did not report until the last day of the ses.sion, and before the report could be read the House was summoned for prorogation, the Opposition pro- testing aiiainst this manifest desire to shield the Speaker. During recess lion. Mr. Anulin resigned, and was re-elected. The question of infringement of the IndependiMice of Parliament Act, which rendered members lia1)le to a line of $2,000 a day for illegally sitting and voting in the House became a very serious one during the session. Members on both sides of the Ilo.rse were charged with having contracts with the Government, and upwards of thirty were so charged. The matter became so serious that at last a Kelief Bill indemnifying members from pecuniary liabilities for sitting and voting when they had been under the belief that they were legally entitled to do so, was passed. 6.— On the 20th ol April, in Committee of Supply, on the item for $1,524,000 for the 61 I'lii'ili.' Uiiilw.'iy. Pacific Railway, Hon. Mr. Mac kcnzie entered into very ful! explanations of the i)roposed route, and the reasons for selecting it. The route from Fort William, on the Kaministicpiia, was through a country much more easy of access than the Nepigon route. The spring opened i>arlier. and the work would be comparatively light. The country betwei'u Tlurnder Bay and lied River, except in the valley of the Kaministiipiia, was generally of a rough character, though land would probal)ly be availalde for .settlement to a much greater extent than was commonly sup- posed. One hundred and sixteen miles from Lake Superior westward was under contract for .$1,307,793— without the rails. From Sel- kirk, on Red River, to Keewatin, on Winnipeg River, a distance of seventy-seven miles, was let. The total amount contracted for was $3,302,508. To this had to be added steel rails, at a cost of $1,385,775; engineering, $342,750; rolling stock, $457 000 ; right of way, $05,000 ; and station buildina-s $50.000 ; — making the entire cost of 22.SJ miles $5,003,003, or a little less than $25,000 per mile. The route through British Columbia would not be finally decided until after the summer's .survey of 1877. There was no doul)t that the Peace River country was the finest part of the whole North-West; but further surveys through that and Pine River Pass would put back the railway two or three years. Mr. Roscoe strongly protested against any further delay in locating the 1'. ? in British Columbia. Mr. DeCosmos urged the superiority of Bute Inlet as the terminus on the mainland, over Burrard Inlet, and pointed out many errors fallen into by the Premier with regard to the population, fertility, etc., ol the route to the latter point. The item was agreed to, and also $100,000 for surveys. 7. — Amongst the other important subjects discussed was that of opening the proceedings of the House with prayer, which i.,„,,„.,„ti„„. Diii, was introduced l)y Mr. John i''''""'J- Macdonald (Toronto) and refer, ed to a Com- mittee, whose recommendation that a form of prayer to ))e read by the Speaker be adoj)ted % 51)1; TIT'I'I.KS IIISTOI.'V UK TIIF-: DOMINION Ol' r.\N\!).\. Wiis iicccptcd. Tho (jut'stinii of unnitiiiL'' to W. r>. O'Doiioliiic (lie saiMi' AmiK'fity \vhi* ts i)ast were, one relating to the (Jovernmont of the North-Wost Territories, one relating to Ordinance and Admiralty lands ; one constitu- ting the Geolo<:ieal Survey a liraneh of the I)ei)artiiient oi' the Interior; one amending the Customs Act, 1867; one jiroviding for the Inspection of pi'troleum ; one with reference to Wi-ii;iits and mui'suves ; one vvitii rel'erenct( to cuttinu' and measuring timber ; iind several Alts relatins t) harbors, piers, steamboat insi)ertion, pilots i*te. An Act against betting and pool selling aas passed rendering per.sons offending liable to imprisonment for not more than a year, and a line of not over $l,Oi)0. Arts were also passed against gambling in publir conveyances and against liambling houses. An Act amending the Insolvency Act of lH7o ; and also an Act relating to Life Insurance Companies, •xViCi another wi*h reference to issuing letters patent were passed. I| CHArTEK LIII. (;(^vi:rnmi:nt of tiir karl or duffrrix. — I'KlNCll'AL EVKNTS OF 1S7T. 1. Dominion I'oaku of Tkadk.— 2. Firi;;;. — 3. ])i-KMN(t OF St. John, N.B. — 4. Ow-Woe KioTs. Hackett shot. — .'). Marine disas- ters. — 6. The Fi.>f Trarlc. than usual, only lastinu' two days, and ilie num- ber of subjeets discussed was .somewhat limili'd. Amongst the most important matters discussed was a motion by Mr Stairs liint the D miinion Government ))o petitioned to re-arranue the duties on sugar so as *o fo.ster the relining interest. Mr. Patter.son moved in ameiulment that the (Jovernment be recommended to adopt a National Policy, whiih was lost, twenty for, to twenty-one against. ^lajor Walker moved an amendment to the effect that the IJoard was satisfied with the 17^ per cent, tarill', which was lost, nineteen for, to twenty-(me against. Mr. Thomas White, jr., then moved " That in the opinion of this Board the principle of Protection lo the manufactures of this coun- try is of vitnl importance to its prosperity, and that in any revision of the tariff this principle should be embodied, especially in the case of such articles as the unfair and uiuMjual compe- tition has pressed most heavily upon."' which was adopti^d by twenty-one to fourteen. Reso- lutions were also adopted recommiMidinii' the establishment of a system of Government Mfe Insurance ; for the protection and breeding of fish ; for a system of .■lub-marine telegraph in the river and gulf of St. Lawrence ; and against he .joint purse arrangement entered into be- tween the Direct Cnble and Anulo-Americau Cable Companies, whi!77 were not iinusually numerous or extensive — except the burning of St. John N. 15.. of which we speak elsewhere — but were un- usually disastrous Avith regard to the loss of life. On the night of the 8th March, a lara'c live occurred in St. John N. B., by which damage to the extent of !$280,000 was done, and five lives lost. Early on the morning of the 20th April, a fire broke out in the store of the Dominion Oil Cabinet Company, St. Urban Street, Montreal, and the buildina-, which was a mere shell, was entirely destroyed. Loss $10,000. On account of the inflammable nature Kiri'." (;o\ KI.'NMKNT ol' TIIK KAKI- ol' IHIKFKIil.N- I'K'I.NCI I'AI, i:\ KNI'S nl" 1S77. :,i»7 of the mati'iiiil iiiid (hf tliiii^onms iiciiihlxuliood in which I lie lire occuni'd. lln' whule Fire ]{rii>-ii(K' WHS called out, and while they wen; at work ill a Miiall alley way known as Scotts' Lane, Ihu tall wall ol the Cahinet Comiiany's ! hnildiim I'ell on a nuiuher ol' the liriiiiulii and some citizens who were assislinu' thein. Four firenii'ii and live citizens were killed on the spot, and the Chiel' ol' tlic liriuade and seven other liremeii injured, two ol' them so seriously that they died a lew da- alter, and three others weri" laid up in hospital lor some months. At another small lire in M(»ntreal,on November 2nd, a man and a woman were sullocated. Hull had two lariic lires during the year, the first on the Isl June where Eddy's sta])le were destroyed and 43 line horses huriil to death, involving a i loss of $20.00(1; and the second on the --iOth : July, where several hoixses were destroyed and $00,000 daraaue {■ TIIK hOMlMoN oF (ANAhA. Aliii'iiic tli-ii.-t('i> Tlic Kishcric tlWtU'il. more imiiiiToiis dvnn usual, and the loss ol lil'c was considoraltly less. Tlif wliolc miiiihov (>r disasters to sontyoiiiii' vcsNols ill {'aiuuliaii wattMs, or to Caiiadini vessels in other waters was •V2~. involviiiii' a loss of !jiL',01!t,i'i70. The lumiher of lives lost was 100, of which •2<> were lost in Canadian waters and 74 in waters other than Canadian. Amonust the losses were the new bnrt|ue Aiiiiitstine, which leil Geori-t'town, V. E. I., on the 18th of Decemher, iSTti, with a erew of eleven and a earjio of oats for ]>ristol. and lievei was heard of; hriyantiue JClltel Bolton which sailed from St John N. B., for Canada, oil the .')th of December, ISTH, w'th a erew of eight, foundered at sea. On the Inland waters of the Dominion there were forty-two casualties. involving the loss of seventeen lives and property to th" value of §i'71.-14. 0. — After the failure of Hon. Mr. Rrown's mission to Washington to endeavour to nego- tiate a new Keciprocity Treaty mi the ground ol Canada liivinu' up her rlaim to a money compensation for the Fisheries, under the :22nd Article of the Treaty of AVasliingtoii, the Cxovi'minent at once took steps to have the Commission provided for in that Article meet and determine what compen- sation, if any. Canada was entitled to. The ConiinissioiK'rs appointed were Sir A. T. (hilt, on behalf of Great Britain, with Mr. Ford and Mr. Bergne as his Agents; Hon. F. H. Kellog, on j behalf ol the United States, with Hon. Dwight Foster as Agent, and li. H. Dana, jr. as Counsel ; and His Excellency Maurice Delfo.sse, Belgian \ Minister to Washington. Messrs. Joseph Doutre, i Q. C; S. R. Thompson, q. C; L. H. Davies, and K. L. AVealherbec acted as Coun.sel for , Canada, and Hon. W. V. Whiteway, (v>. C., for; Newfoundland. The Commission met in Halifax in June, and the decision of the Commi.ssioners was uiven on the 2ord November, when it was de. lared l)y two of the Commissioners tliat Canada should receive $5. 500, 000 as compen- sation for the use of the Fisheries for twelve year* — six of which had expired. The Ame- rican Commissioner protested against the award on the ur<>uiid that Canada already enjoyed greater privileges under the Treaty of ^Vash- iiiiiton lliaii the United States, and was not entitled to any remuneration at all. He also (■laiiiied that the Cninmissioners must be una- niniuus ill their decision to i:i\e tiie award any eliect — an opinion which was shared liy a portion of the American press and by Coii- liiess. The American Government iirotesled ayainst the award and Coimress rejected the lirst application to pay the amount, but (inally thought lietter of the meanne.ss of repudiatinii' the delil — especially as there was an uiiev- peiuled lialance of over ';'.5,000,00o out of the Geneva award in the Tn^asury — and the vote was passed. The money was paid over in London on the ISth November. 187.S, hy the American Minister, accompanied l)y a protest that thi> United States would not recoiiiiize lln' award as any criterion as to the value of the Fisneries. 7. -Amongst the other important events of the year may be mentioned the success of the Steamer Norllurn A/g/(/ in navi- ,„i„.r,.u.„i. ,,r gatiiiu' the Lcwer St. Lawrence ""■ vrar. in the winter, and in kecpiiiL;- opi'ii communica- tion with I'rince luhvard Lslaiid with very little interruption. Serious labor riots occurred in Quebec, and there were small demonstrations of unemphiyed woikinu-men in Montreal and Ottawa, but no serious disturbance occurred. Fortunately for Canada we escaped the terrible railroad riots which occurred in Fittsburg and other American cities : and althouuh the mem- bers of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engin- eers in Canada sympathized with the American iiioveiiient. and a u'c'iieral strike took place on the Canada Soutiiern, and tlieie was trouble on other roads, there was no rioting. The manag- ers showed a desire to treat the men fairly, and arbitration soon settled the matter amicably. 'J'wo railroad events of more than ordinary importance occurn'd duriim- the year, the lir.st beinu' the arrival at WinnipeL;, Manitoba, on the I'.'th October of the lirst locomotive for the Canada Pacilic Railway ; and the second was the ruiMiiii"- of the first Ihrouuh train from (lOX Ki;\.MK.\l' ol'TIlK I;A1M, or DII'lrlUIN- 111 Til SKSSloN, TlllKM I'AIILIA.M KNT. .Mt'.i Moiitn-iil to Hull, ()\cr liic (^iifhcc. Montreal 1111(1 ()i lidcntal U'ailway, (old Noitlicrn Colimi- zatioii) on the :!r(l DoccmlM'r, pultiuL!' the c.ipital within live lioiiis ol' Montreal. Aiiotlicr .siLiiii- ficiint cvfiit was tlic lirsl (lirtcl exportation ol' wheat IVoin Miiniloha to Europe, which look plaro on the Isih ( I tolii-r. Durinu' the summer His Excoileney took n trip to Manitoba and paid visits to the Meiinoiiito. Iielandie and other settlements, and thtls aeeomplishiHl a task whii ii no (iovernor-tieneiiil had helore uttempt- cd — that of visiting' tnery Province ni the Dominion. Tho year, on the whole, was not a l»rosperous Olio lorCanada; the crops were poor, the iisherit's yielded I'airly, hut the lumber trade continued dull, and trade and commerce a^enerally worse than in any pn'cediim' year. The only gleam of sunshine seemed to he in the stronu' (,'oiiservative reaction which had set in and was daily gaininii' lorce. and I'rom the success of which it was hoped that a new era of prosperity would be iinuuiurated. CIIAriEIi LIV. (i()\i;i.'NMi:\'r of tiik kaim, of Dri'FFiMX — FIFTH SF,SSlo.\.TIIilil» I'AKl.lA.MFXT, 1S7S. 1. Ori':MN(i OK rAi!]-i.\.Mi:NT. 8im:I':('1i fko.m Till-: TiiKu.NK. — -2. TiiK ljri)(ii:T. — :!. Di:i!.\Ti': j ON Till-: liUDOKT. — 4. TjU: JtlSMISS.M. OK TUI': (iuEi!i;i' ^Ii.MsriiV nv Lii:ur.-(iovi;i;\oK hKTKM-IICH. — 5. l)i:i!.VTK o.\ Till-: LkTEI.LIKB C.VSK. — 0. Tin: 'I'WENTY-TWU lIotlKS SITTI.Nd. — 7. The case nut settled.— 8. I'liouooA- TloN. 1. — The third rarliament of the Dominion met for the la.st time on the Tth of February, but the rommons havin^• no I'nriiiiiiuMit. .SMi'eoh opcaker, on account ol J Ion. t'roiii llic 'rhr'>iii-. ,_ * 1- • • L-,' Mr. Aimlins resignation. Sir W. Vt. liichards. Di'puty Governor, dismis.sed the Commons to elect a Speaki-r. Some discus- sion occurred on tho return of the Commons to their Chamber as to the right of the Clerk ol the House to read tho returns of members elected, but he read them, and Htm. Mr. ^lac- kenzie (hen moved tiie appointment of Ibm. T. W. Anulin as Speaker The nomination was ojiposed l)y Sir John A. Mactlonahl, on tin' ground that Mr. Anulin was not a member of the House, not liavinu been iniroduced. accord- iiii;' to the rules of the House, and some discus- sion ensued, alter which the House divided, and Hon. Mr. .Anulin was declared elected by a vote of lltl to M. On the 8th. the Parliainenl was formally opened by His l']xce||ency in person. In the Speech from the 'fhromv His l"]xcellency expresseil his pleasure on haxina been able to visit Manitoba; congratulated the House on the settlement of the Fisheries (jues- tioii, and on the creditable display made by Canada at the exhibition in New South Wales; referred to the prej)arations which had been going on for some time foi- the representation of Canada at the Paris I'^xpos' ' «n ; referred to the St John. \.P>. lire, and the contribution of ^2(1,000 by the (iovernment for the relief of the suH'erers ; sjtoke of a new tri'aiy with the Indians, and to the settling of a body of Sioux Indians under Sittinu' Hull on Canadian soil to I'scape United States soldiers: announced that the surveys for the Pacilic Railway had been completed, and the CJovernment would be able to locate the line ; and rejoiced at the bountiful harvest and a sliaht improvement in the revenue. Of new legislation an A( t was pro. mised relating to the keeping of the public accounts; Acts with reference to the registra- tion of titles, enactment ol a Homestead loan, and the i)roinotion of railways in the North- West ; a Temiierance Act, and Aits relating to the Independence of Parliament, and for some changes in the Delia rtmeiits. In the Senate the Address in reply to thi' Speech from the Throne was moved on the eleventh by Hon. Mr. Thibaudeau seconded by Hon. Mr. Lewin, and after some discu.-sion was adopted. In the Commons the Address was moved on the 11th by Mr. iJe St. Oeoruv, and seconded by Mr. Charlton. Thi' deliate lasted live days, a lariio number of members spi'akiim', and a vast variety of subjects, personal and otherwist', touched on. but no amendment was otlered and 510 Tl TTLKS IIIS'I'OK'Y OKTllK DOMINION OF ('ANA l>A. Til.' liihk-rr. 1 tlio Address wns iidoi)l('(l witliout division. •2.— On tlif -JiMid (.r l-'rhiuiuy, Hon. Mr. Cart wriiihl, Finanr(> Minister, uiai'e his lUuliiel Speecii. He commenced hy re- liTettiiiii- that his propliecy i>i' live years auo. \vhile in Opposition, tlial the extra- vagance tiieii l)einu' indulii'ed in wonld lead to disastrous veMills to the tountry liad ]>roved only to true, and that the eountry was still reeling tiie ill eilet ts of tliat policy. lie referred to the enormous shrinkaue in the volume of trade, as shown by the Imports and Exports, which had laUen place since 187o. the amount have been reduced horn $:ils,O0i),O0(l to ^ICS,- 000,00(1. and. oi' course, the revenue had propor- tionately decreased. In this, however, he saw some siiiiis ol chan<>'e. the rt'venue having very considerably incri'ased lor the seven months ol' 1877-S ; tlie excess over the same period last year beinn' nearly $1,000,000. He admitted that tliis was largely attributable to the her.vy importations to rejtlace the immense destruction at St. John, but thought that would not account for tile whi>le ol' it. and that a genuine reac- tion had set in. He rel'erred to the loan of 187il, and (|uoted some statistics with refer- ence to the i)laciiig of recent I'oreitin loans in the I'^nulish market, to show that the loan had l)een placed on the very best possible terms. Turning to accounts lor the last year he showed that the "Ordinary Expenditure" A'ery little exceeded the estimates, and was .$1,7;54,0!»(i less than in ls7:)-(;. Although the expenditure had been thus kept down the revenue, especially from Customs, had shrunk so mu,")OO,00O to coiu- i! plete the Welland and Eachine canals ;!ftt!,000,000 for Paciiic Railway ; and iJ.'>,000,01tO for miscel- j laneons purposes. He entered at length into ' comparisons of the exin-nditures in ls72-7iJ and 187.')-74 and the last fiscal year, to show that the great bulk of the imrease had been incurred by his predeces.sors. He compared our taxation with I that of the United States and other countries, and ' cla'med that it was light in comparison. He j admitted that Canada was '• mischievously ' allected " i)y the policy of the Americans, but did not consider that any reason why we should I imitate them: he considered rather that it would be better to wait a little and see whether the linancial i)Osition recovered itself and not to increa.se taxes at present. He reviewed the stand taken by the Opposition on ^the (juestion of the ' .N^ational Policy" which he characterized as a j plan " to increase the collective wealth of the ! country by increasing the taxation, and that they can enrich the community collectively by taking money out of their pockets"'; and held that '• it is the duty, and the sacred duty of the I (iovernmi'nt to take only from the people what I is necessary to the proper discharge of the I public service; and that taxation in any other mode is simply, in ont> shape or other, legalized robbery." I a. — The Finance Minister was followed by Hon. Dr. Tupper who severely reviewed the state'iientofthe Finance Minister |,^,|,,„^„„ n^, and said thai gentleman had "'"''""• proved himself equal to tlie task of establishing not one delicit but two, in the face of three and a half millions of additional taxation imposed on the peoi)le. He condemned the inactivity of the (Jovernment in not proposing some means of averting the threatened disaster of aiiotiier delicit. and injury to the credit of Canada. The F'inance Minister had shown that there was a large delicit last year, and likely to be another in the current year, but he was content simply to drift along, and had nothiim' to propose. He went on at considerable lenutli to defend the linancial policy of the late Government, and to lake exception to that of the present Administration, holding that ' r GOVHHXMRNT OK TflK EAIJL OK DUKFHItlX— KIKTH SKSSION, TIIIJ?I) JW IJLIAMKNT. r.ll what Ihi' country iiocdcd in the im'scnt crisis was a National Policy, snch as had been jn'oposed hy tho loader ol" tlic Opposition last year; and not a No Policy such as that ol' the Government. lie was followed hy Hon. Mr. Cartwriiiht, and the debate adjourjied. The debate was continued on tlie :2(!th, and on tlio 1st, oth and 7th ol' iMarch, on which latter day Sir John A. Macdonald moved in amendment " That the Speaker do not now leave the chair, but that this House is ol' the opinion that the welfare ol' Canada requires the ad()i)tion ol' a National Policy, which, by a judicious readjust- ant ol' the Tarilt', will benelit and foster the atii-icultural, the mining, the manulaciurinii' and other interests of the Dominion ; that such a policy will retain in Canada thousands of our fellow country )nen now obliged to expatriate themselves in search of the employ- ment denied them at home, will restore prosperity to our struggliiiii' industries, now .so sadiv depressed, will jirevent Canada from l)eing made a sacriiice market, will encourage and developi' an active Tuler-Provincial trade, and moving (as it ought to do) in the direction of a reciprocity of tariffs with our neiahbors, so liir as the varied interests of Camida may demand, will greatly tend to i)rocure for this country, eventually, a reciprocity of trade." The debatt^ was continued on the 8th and 12th, ■when a division was taken aiul Sir John A. Macdonald's amendment defeated, Yeas 77; Nays 114. 4. — The Local Leiiislature of Quebec, of which jNIr. DeUouchervillc was I'rciiiicr, was in session at the same lime as the Dominion House, and the action of the LiiMitenant-CJovernor of in suddenly dismissing his Mi- nisters gave ris(> to tlie longest and most animated debate which occurred during the session, and occasioned what was, prol)ably, the most extraordinary scene ever enacted in the Parliament of Canada. Mr. Dcllouchervilh^ had a majority of about Jil in the Assembly, out of a hous(« of (i.1, and lh(> Legislative Council was alxjut two-thirds Conservative- -in l'a! liootl birth, amjile fortune and uneX'i'ptionai)le social stand- ing in the Province; but althouu'h hi' liad been over a (quarter of a century in public life, and \ was the leader of the I.,ower Canada lloiiixex in the Senate from the Union when he was | called to that Ixxly. to the formation of tlie Mackenzie Administration, still he could not ; be regarded as a poi)ulai' man in his Proviin-e, 1 and his appointment to the highest ollicc in the j Province l)y no nutans gave general satisfaction. | With his CabiiuM Mr. Letellier was far from being in accord ; they felt aggrieved that a Lil)eral should be appointed Lieuteiuint-Ciov- criior of so Conservative a Province as (^uel)ec; and he was too stronu' a partisan not to wish to do his party what he considered a good turn if opportunity oil'ered — and opportunity was not long wanting. The DelJouchervilledovernmi'Ut was in linancial straits ; the North Shore and Northern Colonization Railways had drained the Treasury, and the; cities which iiad aiiieed to help those roads with subsidies when they were private enterprizes, demurred al»mt keep- inu' their bargains now that the roads had been taken over by the Local government. There was much dilliculty between the (loveriunent and some of the Muni<'ipalities tliroiiuli whieh the two roads ran when lion. Mr. Deliomher- ville's Ministry proposed its linancial nieasuies for 1878. These may be briclly staled as a vigor- ous prosecution of the dei'aultiim' Municipalities and the imposition of a Stamp tax. The latter Act was most unpopular in Montreal and : (Quebec, and excitement had already run pretty j high when, on the third of .March, it was sud- denly and unexpectedly Hashed over the wires that Lieutenan-(!overnor Letellier iiad dismissed his Ministers. Mr. I-etellier gave as his reasons nt L ')■ 512 TITTLKS inSTOItY Ol' 'I'lll': DOMINION oK CANADA. I'ov (liis Act, thill liis Ministers hud not troatod liini with lliat lospcct wliich hisoliico dennxndt'd ; tliat they had inliodurod measures in the House luider his name not only without liis consent, but in direct oi^position to his wishes; that they had issued I'rochunations in his name without his sanction : and thai, lie doubted whether they : retained the conlidenceoi'the Province although they had a majority in the House. On dismissing Mr. DelJoucherville, Mr. Letidlier sent I'or Mr. .Toly, the licader of the Local Opposition and entrusted to him the task ol' I'orrainn" a new Ministry, whiih ollioe he accepted, and suc- ceeded in Ibrming a Cabinet on the Uth. * Both the Leii'isiative .\ss(Mnbly and the Legislative Council V(Med by larii'e maj-o into Commit te*! ot Supply. Sir John A. Mac- ('oiiald moved the following amendment, "That Mr. Speaker do not now leave thi' rhair, but thai it l)c Ke.solved that the recent dismissal by the Lieutenant-Governor ol' (Juebec of his Ministers was. under the circumstances, unwise • Till' .Mini-try en (nrnu'i\ is :iy |i.l|..ws: lliHi. II. ti. .Inly, rii'iniir miiM .Mihi-lcr "!' .Aiirii'ultiirr .iinl I'liMic \V"rl<,«. Il'rii. I'. C, S. l,iii!rulii'r,l'"iiiini.''?i'iiR'r iirCi'""!! I.iiiii|-'. II ficrre l'..iiliMii'l. ri'i'iiMiivi'. Il'iii. I'. .1. .\l;iri'liiiii'|. I'ppviiirinl Swrt'l.iry ami UiT'ii^Ii'iir. Il"ii. II. .. II. .-y. .\il.iriii.v(i,.MiTiil. 11mm. A. Ctiiiii\c'.tii, Siilirilor iM'rnT.il. and subversive of the position accordi'd to the advi.sers of the Crown since the concession of the principle of Responsible Government to the British North American Colonies." He argired that this was a constitutional (|uestion of the gravest importanc(> and should not be considered in a party spirit ; it would establish a i>reeedent, and it was of the utmost importance that it should not be a bad precedent. With regard to the competency of the House to deal with the (jirestion he said, " The lirst question that arises upon that resolution is whether we have any concern with it in this Hou,se. I need scarcely discuss the (juestion, I suppose, and 1 hope, I l)eliev>', that the Lieulenant-tJoveriiors of the dilli'rent Provinces stand now [lercisely in the Kame position with respect to the Governor- (reneral and his Cabinet, as the Governor-General stands wit ii rcuardto the (Jueeii and her Cabinet ; and, if that be admitted, then it must be held tliat the Parliament o"f the Dominion of Canada has a supervision of the acts of the Lieutenant- Governors." IL' quoted several instances whi-re the Imperial Parliament had discussed the I'onduct of the Colonial Crovernors. such as Governor Eyre. Sir Cliarles Darlinu', iS:c., and continued, " My contention is, and I do not suppose it will be disputed, that the same power that rested in the Imperial Parliament with respect to Colonial Governors appointed by the direct command of Iler ]\lajesty, exists with respect to the Dominion Parliament as far as regards Lieuteiiant-CTOvernors appointed by commission of the (Jovernor-General." He argued that there was agreat dillerence l)etween the legal riiiht and the constitutional right of the Sovereign, and that what may be legally right may also be constitutionally wrong. He then proceeded to aruue on the constitutional po.--ilion of the Lieutenant-Governor towards his le<>al advisers — setting aside his legal right to dismiss any ollice-holder at his pleasure — and maintaiui'd that they held the same position towards tiie Lieutenaut-Covernoras the Pnnnier of Canada did towards the Goveriu)r-General, or the Premier of Enaland to the Queen. In Elngland it was tlioroughly established that as conli'd to the (■oiK'ossioii ol' nimciit to the III- ariiuccl lestioii ol' the bo considi'ivtl 1 a prcL'odoiit, tiiuce that it rith r('i:'iiv(l to dciil with the ion th;it arises wi' have any noi'd scarcely iml I hope, I riior.s ol' the reisely iii the ;ie tlovernor- .M'liov-Gonoral I hert'ahinet ; must he held on of Canada e Lioiitenant- ueen. In ■ilied that as (i()Vr-:HNMENTOF TIIK KAFU, OK DIJKI'KUIN— FII-TII SHSSION rHIHH PAIMJAMKNT. r.i;! lonti' MS the Ministry of the day had the confi- dence of the representatives of the people, they had the confidence of the Crown, and he hoped to see that principle maintained in this case. i He proceeded to state that when Lieiitenant- I Governor Ijclellier entered upon ofFicc, he found I his Ministers enjoyins- the full coididence of j both the A.ssembly and Ivi'gislativ(> Council, I and stron,.' in both Houses; the business of the I session had piu^re.sscd to near its close, and the ' Ministry had been maintained by a majority of I twenty, in a House of sixty-five, and the Lieu- tenant-Go vernoi' had taken upon himself to dismiss these Ministers, on tlie siround that their measures were unconstitutional. "Not one of these grounds was sufliient, not one of these Li'rcmnds can hold water for a moment." He quoted several instances of dismissals of Ministers by the Sovereign in Eimland, to show that in each of these there was some rea.son for the. course pursued, but in the ])resent instance there was no reason. Ht^ entered at consider- able leniith into the jiosition held by Ministers under llesponsible (^overnmn it would be the duty of the authorities at Ottawa to interfere, bnt he did not think that the mere dismissal of one Ministry and the appointment of another was such a case, The position in (iuel)cc was this : Mr. Lettellier had dismissed his Ministers, and Mr, Joly had accepted the responsibility of forniinii' a new Ministry ; in doing so he had assumed the responsibility for Mr. Letellier's act, and hail appealed to the C,2 The : country for ajiproval. " Now, suppose this House (>xercised its discretion, and accorded to the honorable gentlemen opposite more wisdom than to the Governor, and should condeinii the action of the Governor, and that the electors of the Province of Quebec, on the 1st of May, should say that the Gov- ernor's act was wise, in what position w^ould the Federal Authorities and the Federal Parliament be in condemninir the course which the i>eople of the Province themselves had sanctioned and apjiroved ! That is precisely the position which the unwisdom of the hon. gentleman opposite would have us rush into, and it is one which L for one, will not take the responsibility of incurring any daiiacr upon. I belie re it is an unwarranted use of the jiowers of this House to attempt, under the circum- stances, to pass any vote of censure or of approval of either party." The del)ate was con- tinued by Messrs. Masson, Laurier and Brooks, and adjourned on motion of Hon. Mr. Lannevin. On the 12th the debate was resumed by Hon. Mr Langevin and continued up to recess. After recess Mr. Langevin spoke for some time and was followed by Messrs. Jette, Devlin and others until about midnight, when an adjournment of the debate was proposed, but objected to by Hon. Mr. Mackenzie who insisted that the debate must be concluded and a division taken. The Opposition resisted and l)egan fo talk against time. There was an object in this The Oppo- sition were, to a great extent, lighting the liattle of their Conservative friends in Quebec, which was then in all the fever and ferment of a General Election, and they wanted, if i)ossible to stave olf a vote until Monday, so that it may not be posted up on the Church doors on Sunday that the House of Commons had approved of the course of Mr. Letellier and Mr. .loiy. As the Opposition could not get an adjournment until Monday, they determined to talk until Monday — and they certainly held out very well. All through the night member after member solemnly rose and talked for one, two, or three hours, according to his capacity and wind; while some of the supporters of the I I" I I r»i4 TUTTLK'S IlISTOItY ()!•' TJIK DOMINION OT CANADA. (uivcviuiv.'iil kept up ii playlul accorapunimeiit urcal-ialls, ireakings oi' desks, «ong.s and a choice seli'ctioii of iiidesiiil)al)le noises of various sorts. As diiylifi'hlbeuau slowly and rautiously to peep in through the stained-<>lass windows, and the llaring gas-lights pah'd before it. a curious and motley scene was presented. Mr. Speaker held out well, and from time to time tried to quell the disorder, hut without etleit: here and there hon. members were taking fjuiet naps, some ornamented with Ibols' caps, and others with simply a paper thrown over them : tired and worn-out j>ai>es crouched, halt-sleeping, on the lloor ; restless reporters lidgeted about the ! gallery and ventured wise prophecies as to j how long the Opi>osition could hold out. The leader of the Opposition had retired alter mar- I shalliuii' his forces, but the Premier stuck close i to his desk and .seemed more determined than evt'r to force a division as soon as the Opposition showed signs of weakening. But they showed no signs. Hour .ifter hour the increasing stream of talk tlov'i.'d on; members strolled out in })atches of twos and threes to get breakfast or other refreshments, and as the morning grew apace and it became known that the House was still in session, the galleries began to hll up, and by mid-day were crowded. In the after- noon. Her Excellency and her daughter occu- j)ied seats on the right of the Speaker for a while, and seemed much amused at the singing and other '• entertainments." About four she rose to lio, and then two loyal French Canadian supporters of the Government began to sing " God Save the Qiieen," and in an instant the whole House, including Mr. Speaker and the The oiisc n.it .-etiloil. not taken until ten o'clock Monday night, so that some members who were al)sent may have time to return. This arrangement was carried out, and the House adjourned at six o'clock, after twenty-two hours' continuous session. On the vote being taken on Monday night, Sir John A. Macdonald's motion w^as defeated. — Yeas, 70; Nay.s, 112. 7. — In the Senate the resolution condemning the coxirse cond '^ning, and that of theIIou.se neither condemning nor sust, . ling — went to the electors together. Co'itrary to all exjiectation Hon. Mr. .Toly came back from the General Election with half of the House as his supporters, a wonderi'ul gain in Quebec ; and on the re-assembling of the Local House Mr. Turcotle, of Three Rivers, who had l>een elected as a Conservative, elected himself Sp(>aker — we say this advisedly, lor there were thirty-two members pledged to support Mr. Joly. and thirty-two opposed to him, and as Mr. Turcotte voted for himself it was certainly his vote which elected him. With this scant majority of one in the Speaker's chair, Mr. Joly managed to get through the session and pass the Estimates. The French Conservatives w^ere furious, and after the result of the Dominion elections, on 17th Septeinl)er, it was thought that Mr. Letol- j lier would be at once removed. l?ut Sir John A. Macdonald, as leader of the Opposition, and I Sir John A. Macdonald, as the responsible ad- j viser of the Governor-Genei'al, are two different I Uien ; while he was quite willing to advise Mr, Mackenzie to remove Mr. Letellier ho declined clerks, had risen to their feiH. and net a few of ! to do so on his own responsibility, after he had the members Joined in lustily in the singing, j succeeded to olKce, until Parliament had re- Her Excellency seemed much amused and j versed its decision of last year ; and even after pleased at the outburst, and waited until it was I the House had reversed that decision, and over before leaving the Chamber, About this censured Mr. Letellier, although he obeyed the time Sir John A. Macdonald, A^ho had been absent since day-break, re-entered the House, and .shortly after an agreement was made between himself and tht> Premier that the Sjieaker should leave the chair at six, and that the debate should then be closed, but a vote wish of the House and advised His Excellency to remove Mr. Letellier, he at the same time advised him to take the opinion of the Home Authorities before acting, as his action would form a very important precedent, and it was best to have the precedent thoroughly well (fUVKRNMENT OK TIIK KARI. OF DUPFHJnN-l'HINCU'AL KVENTS ()!•' IS78. 515 eslablishoJ.. So the mattfr rt'sts at the time of writiii!'' (17th April, 187!t.) 8. — The sossioa was an unusually lonq: one, lasting tintil the 10th May, but comparatively little Imtsiness was doiu", and had it not neen the last session before a Greiieral Ele- the last year of the Earl of Dufferin's stay in Canada both Houses i)assed Addre.-ses to him expressive of reg'ret at his departure, and it is doubt'-'' whether any similar Address to a Clrovcrnor G-eneral was ever so heartily fell. His Excellency, in proroging Parliament, gave assent to twenty-two pul)lic and twenty-three private bills. Amongst the most important was a new Temi)erauce Ait introduced in the Senate by Hon. R. W. Scott, the Act repeals portions of the Dunkin Act of 18(14 and is a Permissixe bill by which electoral divisions have the right to ivtition the Secretary of State to have a vote taken on the question of prohibiting the sale ol liquor in that division, provided one- fourth of the electors qualified to vote for a member of Parliament sign the pcrition. Voting to be by ballot. A new Independence of Parliament Act was passed, which reduces the liability of members sitting and voting illegally in the House. Act', amending the Election Act ; providing for a new system of auditing the public accoi\nts ; repealing the Customs duty on malt : with reference to the use of bill stamps ; adulteration of food, &c. were passed. One of the most necessary Acts was that relating to crimes of violence, which was introduced by Hon. Mr. Blake, and which gives the Governor- in-Council j)ower to Proclaim the Act in force in any district, after which all persons are forbidden, under hea\ y penalties, to carry fire- arms except soldiers, volunteers, peace officers &c. This Act was spfcially intended for Montreal, where lawlessness had increased to an alarming extent ; and it was Proclaimed there shortly after its passage and has done much good. CHAPTER l.V GOVHRN.MKXT OK TlfH KAI!L OK Dl KKFJMN — I'KIXCII'AI. KVKNTS OK 187.S. 1. DiiMTNin.N fi().\nD OK Tll.^DE. — '2. TlIK 12tH Ji'LY ]{i()Ts.— 3. Tin: l']r,Ki'TioNs. — 4. Depar- ture i)¥ THE Eari, of Dcfferin.— ;j. The Marquih i)k Liirxe a.vd H. li II. Princkssj L(IT-I.d. Considerable discussion took place on a resolution recommi'iiding that the inspection of butter and hides should be made compulsory, and it was finally adopted by 26 to 9. Mr. Mackenzie introduced a resolu- tion to the effect that while the Board w^as content with the seventeen and a half per cent, tariff, it was of opmioii that in the event of any revision the interests of manufacturers .should be lonsidered ; whii h was adoi)t(Hl. A great deal of discussion took place on the subject of the sugar duties and the matter was referred to a Cominitte. > \"hich rei)orted in favo • of advising the Government to adopt counter- vailing duties, and to reduce low grades for refininu', it being held that no successful btxsiness could be done with the West Indies unli'ss the relining interest was protected. The report was adopted by 28 to 5. Much fault was found not only with the existing duty 5i(; TUTTLK'S HI.STOl.'V OF TIIH DOMINION OK CANADA. j oil m:ilt. l)iit in the manner ol' collt'ctint;- it, : whirh was very trout)h'sonit\ anr majority to l)ack him than ever Mr. Mackenzie had in 1874. For the first time sin(.'e Confederation th(>re was a square issue before the people. Protection or Pree Trade, and their pronouncement in favor of the former was far more emphatic than oven the most sanguine had anticipated. The two most noteable defeats wer? Sir John A. Macdonald in Kingston, and IIo".. Mr. Cartwright in Lennox. ; Sir John was at once elected for Vancouver, ' B.C., and, after a little while Mr. Cartwright obtained a .seat in Centre Huron. Hon. Edward Blake was defea* din Soiith Ibiice, and has not re-entered public life. Hon. ^Ir. Mackenzie re- signed shortly after the result was known, and Sir John A Macdonald was called on to form a Cabinet, which he did with the following result : lit. Il(].\. Sill Jdii.N A. ,Mai ijo.vAi.ii, I'.C, K.C.U., M. I'. liiitish Columliia, I'lciiiicr iind .Miiii.stL'r ol tlic Iiitcrioi'. Hon. S. L. 'I'li.i.KV. 'M!., M. P. NV'W UrmiKwii k, Ministrr nf Fiiiancc. Hon. a. Ca.mi'HKLL, Si'Uiitor. diitiirio, lU'ccivi,'r-(ienuml. Hon. H. L. Lanhevin, C.B., M. 1'. Qiiobcc, t'ostmiLstiT-Uonenil lldN. J. ('. AiKiNB, Sonator, Untario, Secretary of St«te. (JOVKUXMKNT OF TlfK EARL OK DrKFKRIN— IMMXCII'AL KVKNTS OF 1H78. 517 Hii.N. CiiAS. 'I'l I'l'Kii, ('.It., M. 1'. Nnvn Sintiii. MiiiiHtcr ol I'lililU' Works. H0S..I. If. I'lPi'K, .M. I'. (^iu'Ipic, Miiiisti t iiT Af^rimltiiir lIo.N. .IniiN <)'f'oN\oii, M. p. t)iitiiii(i, Prc'Hidciit of tlie Council. Hon. .Iamkh M.vciionai.d, ^I. I'. Xovii Hidiiii, MiiiiNtcr of Jiirtticc. HiiN. L. I*'. U. Ma.sson. M. p. i,>iiuIpc(', Mini.stfr 'it .Militia anil Dufenc e. Hon. J. C. Poi'E. M. 1'. I'riiKc Kdwiinl I.shiinl, Mini.^it.r ol .Ma- riiK' and l''isliiTlp.><. Hon. Mackk.vzir bnwKLi.. M. 1'. Ontario. Mini.'itrr of CnstoniK. Hon. L. l*".r had made hor bet tcr iM.ri uf uufl rin. kiiowu thaii shc had over l)eoii boforo, by tho doparliire of tho Earl oflhill'erin, after having completed his term of six years as Governor-General. The British Government showed their appreciation of his .services by oiFering to extend his term one year, but this he declined, and retnrning to England still greater confidence was shown in him by ap- pointing him to the diihcult and delicate ]>osition of Amliassador at St. Petersburg. Lord Dulferin took with him from Canada the hearty and honest regrets of a whole people who had learned to love, honor and respect him, and whose good wish<'s for his future success were both deei) and earnest. N(ner since the days of Gny Carleton has there been a Governor in Canpda who has so thoroughly ideutilied him- self with the people, and who has left so many pleasant memories behind him. Previous to his departure he paid a visit to the Eastern Townships and also paid a Hying visit to Toronto to open the Provincial Fair. He was presented with a large number of Addres.ses, conspicuous amongst which was one from nearly all the Municipr' Bodies of Ontario, which was pre- sented to him at Quebec a few days before his ; sailing from that port. ! 5. — It seemed at first as if there could be no consolation for the lo.ss of our popular Gorernor- G^eneral, and peojde were jiist , • • 1 ,1 • 1 ,, ,1 ' -11 The ^IMrl|ui^' lit beginnin