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32X

,■')';■■

N\^

HIS EXCELLENCY

THE RIGHT HON. THE MARQUIS OF LORNE, K. T., P. C. Etc.,

Go7xnior-G(ncra/ of the Dominion of Caiuzifa.

AND

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS LOUISE.

PORTRAITS ON OPrOSfTE PAGE.

EHSRAVtO EXPRESSLY fOR' lUTTLfS HISTORY OF THE DOMINION"

Rt. Hon. SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD, K.C.B.

THE BURIANO OESBMATS LITHOCOMP'

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SBMATS IITHO COMPT

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RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD, K.C.B.E

Jvr 111,1 iiy runs J'riiiu Minister of thi J'^omiiiion of dvuiJii.

rc.

FROM HUMBLE

BEGINNINGS, BY WELL-DIRECTED

TALENT, hi: HAS BECOME. A LEADER IN THE

COUNCILS OF ENGLAND'S OUEEN; AND UNDER HIS MATCHLESS

TACT AND WISE STATESMANSHIP, THE ONCE STRUGGLING 15RFTISH

AMERICAN COLONIES HAVE BEEN ELEVATED TC THI-;

POSITION OF A NATION, AND TO A HIGH PLACE

AMONG THE GRICAT POVVI'.RS OI-'

THE WORLD.

J'OKTRAJT ON O/'/'OS/ //■: /'AG/:.

' 1

ENGRAVED fXPRESSLV FOR" lUTTlfS HISTORY Of THE DOMINION"

THE BURLANU OESBARMS LIT HO COMP'

Hon. EDWARD BLAKE.

OESBARXrS LI'IIU COMP

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irONORAP>LK EDWARD BLAKE, OF TORONTO.

ONi: OF TlfK GRKATKST CONSTITUTIONAL LAWVKRS OK
Till': DOMINION OF CANADA AN]:) A I,I-:AI)ING
STATlvSMAN OF UNIMPICACir
AHLK J-URFTV OF
CHARACTICR.

roNiK.irr o\ orj'osi rn iwar..

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THE COMPREHENSIVE

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HISTORY

Ml- IHK

Dominion of Canada,

ART ENGRAVINGS,

'V'OLTJIMIE II,

KKO.M lilK

CONFEDERATION OF 18()7 TO THE .CLOSE OF 1878.

Bv CHARLES R. TUTTLE,

A.:T.mR OK "H.STOUv u, thk Statk ok ^r,c.^oAN ;" ■•Ilisrouv ,,k ,■,.,.; Umur.u W^Ks of Tuo
Ci;NTik.K,s;" "Hisn)Rv ,,f thk Staiks ok Iowa, Inoiana, W isc nsin ;" •• [Iistorv

"I THK L'.SITKl) StATKS," KTC, ETC.

SOLD ONLY BY CANVASSING AGENTS.

PUBLISHED BY H. B. BIGNEY AND COMPANY.

1870.

6617a

PREFACE

VOLUME II.

IN presenting the second volume of the History of the Dominion of Canada to the public,
the Ktlitor wishes to set forth his plans concerning the whole work, and more [)articularly
in respect of the scope and character of the volumes yet to be published. It is generally
known that the first volume, issued in 1877, embraces the History of Canada, Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island from their discovery and first setUement to the
Confederation, df 1867. The present volume covers the period since Confeileration, or
from 1867 to ic/g, and includes, not only the Provinces named, but also Manitoba, British
Columbia and the North-West. The unfinished portion of the work, upon which the
Editor is now engaged, may be described as follows : — Volume III, to be uniform in
size and styh? with the two volumes already published, and to embrace Biographit-s of those
persons who have distinguished themselves in any of the pursuits or professions of life,
in all the Provinces, from the earliest Canadian and Acadian times down to and incluiling
the present ; V^olume IV, to be uniform with the present one, and to comprise a County
History of the Dominion of Canada, that is, embracing the local history of each county
within the Dominion ; Volume V, to be uniform with the present one and embracing the
general, civil and political iiistory of the Dominion of Canada under the Administration of
His Excellency the Marquis of Lome, or for the five years closing in 1883. It is also the
intention of the Editor to publish a volume similar to that last mentioned for each succeeding
five years, as long as he may be able to do so.

It i^ upon this plan, as set forth above, and on the strength of the two volumes
already published, that the Editor rests his claims upon the public for patronage and su[jport.
It was a fact, fully recognized on every hand in 1876, when the first installment of this History
was published, that the important work of preserving the history and biography of the country
had been hitherto neglected. Therefore an urgent demand existed that at least one person
should devote himself somewhat permanendy to the w^ork of collecting the past and
preserving the current History of the Dominion. The needs of the country did not so
much require the production of a single volume, embracing the annals of the past, as the
earnest and efficient labor of gathering and consolidating the records of the present. It was
felt that in 1867, Canada had entered upon a new life — upon a " National" existence, full of
promise of a near future greatness that w^ould command the respect of the Great Powers of
the World. Hence in no period of Canadian Histor)- could the work of the historian yield
greater fruit than in that of the past ten years ; while on the other hand, it is evident, that
during the next twc;rty years, the History of the Dominion will solve many questions of
political science of the greatest possible importance. The Editor will endeavor to deal with these
subjects in a non-partisan spirit, always avoiding the very appearance of political bias. The
two volumes already published will afford the best guarantee in regard to this.

;

I'RF'.IACE.

In iht' preparation of tlu; present volunii", the E(lit(jr has availed liiniself of much
assistance. The I'xcelh TiL "/orksof Messrs. Le^^i^fo and Stewart on tlie Achiiinistration of the
Karl of Dufferin in Canada, have been carefully consvilttd. The various tlaily ne\vs[)aper
files to be had at tlu; Parliamentary Library, as also the Debatc;s ami other Public Documents
have each contributed, as sources of information.

Amon<;st those |)ersons who have ass e Editor in his literary labors, none,

perhaps, have rendered more valuable service than Mr. Dous^all Macdou^all, of Berlin,
Ont.,late one of the Centennial E.xposition Commissioners for the Dominion of Canaila. The
excellent account of the part taken by the Dominion in the Great E.xposition at Philadelphia,
HI 1S76, which will be found in the followin<^ pages, is largely due to the co-operation and
assistance of Mr. ^Nbicdougall. .All readers of this history will no doul)t unite their
gratitude and appreciation v.ith the thanks of the Editor for Mr. Macdougall's kind and
generous contribution to tliis important department of the work.

The Editor would not fail to mention the name of Mr. John A. Phillips, a gentleman
who has been connected with the newspaper press in Montreal, Toronto and Ottawa, and
who has assisted in the compilation of both the first and second volumes of this work, and
whose labors, the writer is fiee to acknowledge, have been not only faithful and arduous, but
very productive. It is the hope and expectation of the Editor, that Mr. Phillips' labors will
also bt: associated with those of the writer in the preparation of the future volumes of this
work.

The names of many others might be mentioned, but it will suffice to state that within
the past two years, almost all persons conn(;cted with the various literary pursuits of the
Dominion, have in one way and another, recognized the value of this work by their ready
and useful co-operation. It is from such evidences of appreciation as these that the writer
feels encouraged to persevere to the end, in a work which can scarcely fail to yield a
lasting benefit to the present and future generations of the Dominion of Canada.

CHAS. R. TUTTLE.

Ott.\wa, April, 1S79.

r ol' nuich
ion of the I
newspaper
)()cuinents

)ors, none,
of Berlin, !
lada. The
iiadelphia, '
ration and
nite their
kind and

gentleman
Ltawa, and
work, and
hious, but
labors will
les of this

[hat within
its of the
eir ready
the writer
yield a

^TLE.

CONTENTS

VOLUME II.

dlAITKR I.

TlIK ciinkkiikkvtim:

P.lllK.

Fir»t ulfiirl" l.iwiiril" Cimfi'iliTutinn. 2. tiiiril DurliamV cffiirl" f(ir

Ciiiili'ileniiiiin. .!. Kn-'h iMIiiMiil Kt('|M tiikfii. I. Tlip CliiirlciKc-
tiiwii C'lrivi'iitiMn. 5. Tiio .Mu\f^ment in Ciininlii. •>. The w<»rk uf
tlie Cliiirliiltctiiwii Conveiitiun. 7. 'I'lio liui'lic'i' runferoni'i'. S.
IVoi'uoiliiiirs in ('iii)iidii. ^». Prtii-ec'Iiiigs in N'l-w I'ruiiswirk. 1<'.
Prni'uedinjr?* in \i»v:i Scntiii. U. Prui-iT'linc^ in Xrwtuiinillan<l.
I'J. I'rociM'ilinu'-^ in I'rinco K<hv:ir'l IsIjmhI. lit. I'rnrcuilirnts nt* (he
Ocli'inili.'." in Kni-'liinJ. It. Ai'linn of tin' Inipeiial I'arlianiont.
1.5. I'rniliiniiili Z'l

CIlAl'TEU ri.

I.llliri MllNrK'S VhMIMSTIIATIClX— l*i7.

The lioiiinnini! cif a Xcw Kia. i The Terms nl' Iho Uni'in. :i.
Celehratimi <it' Itnniininn l»:iy. t. I>et<'rininati<ai to Inrni a Coali-
tiiin Mini-.'trj'. 0|i|i(i..iili.in to liie fceheTnc. '. Meclinit of the
Itelnria Cimventicin. li. II. m. Mi«srs. Ilnwiiinil ami .Miii'ilimunll
ileieml rualiti'Mi. 7. Cn.ilitinn ennileinne'l hy ttie t'onxentiitn. S.
Itel'iirin Party an.l l''Uiroilcratinn. !i. Plan cil Tirsl Caliinet. 10.
The Ki/.'t Ciihinet. 11. Iliiniirs i-'iven t" t'onfeiler.itiun Cuniniis-
"itiners. li The Kleelioni'. l.t. Ue.-ull» "f fhe Klcetiiins. II.
The C<inte..<t in (Mielice. I."!. Contest in the Maritime Provinoes. .13

CIIAPTElt m.

<illVKII\MKST lir l.in:li MUM K— IS{i7— iiflST I'Alll.l.WIKNT.

First Ch.inire in the Moniinion Cahinet. '2, lion. .1. K. Canehon
apiioinleil .^|ieiik<.r of the .'Senate .'1. Opening of the I-'irst I>nnii-
iiion Parli.i nent. 4. I)ehate on the .Xiiilrecs. 5. ."^peeeli of lion.
.lo.^ci>li Howe. i!. Speoeli of Hon. I»r. Tuppcr. 7. liiileM)nit>' of
.Menihers. >(. Dual Hei'reyeiilalion. Inile, "mlenee ot Parlia-
ment. '.I. !-'ir<l pirt of llie nr.^1 .<e;sion-Let'islation. lo. Vn<i:,\
Arrani-'enienls. Post Ouiee ."iaviiiKs lianks. 11. tatcreolonial
liailway. 1-. .Miseellaneou.s Iieirislation 4.3

CIlAPTEIl IV.

lillVKIlSMKNT Ol l,(JliO MONTK— lHli7— TEIK MIRTII-H-KST.

. Tho Heeess. 2. Proposal to Annex tlin North-West Territory. .'!.
Itupert's Land. Charter lo llie llmlson's l!ay Company, lil7(l. 4.
Territ'.ry Claimed hy the Kreneh. Tlic Country Ceded to Km:-
lanil hy the Treaty ol Itreeht. 171:!. 5. Prosperity ot tlie Com-
pany Estahlisiunent of tlie N'ortli-West Company. '». Explor.a-
tion.s and Oiseoveries. 7. Estahli>Iiment of .i (^»lony at Red
Uiver. liy the Karl of Selkirk. H. AmalKamation ol the lliulson's
Uny and N'orth-WesI Companies. !i. 0, ening of the llehate on
thD .Ae.iuireinent of the Territories liy the Diunininn. Ariruments
in Favor of Ao'iuirinK tho Territory. Id. illijeetions to the Ai.-
nexalion takeTi liy the opposition. 1!. Amendment Proiiosed by
Hon. Mr. Hoitnn, The lie.-i.lutions A.lopted 03

CHAPTEl! V.

(iUVK.IISMKXT Of I.OHl) MdXCK— KSlW— 1-IKST SK.S.SJOX Of I'AHI.IAMKNT.

, Death of Hun. Fer)fu.ss(m HInir. Vaeaneies in tho Cabinet. 'J.
Nova ."^eolia's Kllorts to net out of the rni<ui. :!. .Murder of tlie
lion. Thooia.^ D'Arey Meliee. I. His Murder the Ki'sult of lii.s
Altaeks Ol Fenianisni. •'''. Arrest ,iiid Trial of Whel.an for Mc-
liee's Murder. I). Condeinnation an^l Flxeeutiiui of Wb.'.in. 7.
Tlie Civil .-^erviee Pill. 8. Pas.saire of the .Militia iJill. .Si me of
its Prineipal Provision.'. '.>. Misecllaiieous \els passeu W

I 1.

CHAPl'KK VI.

IIVKIINMKXT OK I.IIIIH MosrK-VOV V MI'IITIa's lUHnlXTtVT.

otia for the Itepeal of the Cnion Aet

I'AliK.

Aitilation in Xova
Failure of the .N'ova .Seotia Fisheries. Uel|i from the .<ister Pro
\inees. 1. .Mr. Howe airain visits England. Sir lloumlell
Palmer's Ki.iniou on the I'uion Aet. 4. I'elilion for Reiieal Uc-
jeeted in Eiiu'land. •''. Debate ill Imperial Parliament on Kei.eal.
li. The End of Heiieal. 7. Sir .lolin A. MaedoiiahPs \'isit lo
Halifax. H .Mi.secllaiieous Events

CHAITEll VII.

(ICIVKHNMEXT or Sill .lOHN VOIXO— XllVA SC"0T1a's ''nKTTKll PKllMS."

XeBotiatioiiB for " Hotter Terms" opened with .Mr. Howe. J X.iva
Scotia's .Siuiemenl of the (irievaiu'es uiidei; wlii'li she .-^iiirered.
■i. The Tcrm.s (iraiited N'ova .'-'eotia. I. .Mr. Howe Enters ilio
Cabinet. .5. Mr. Howe's Contest in llatits. His i:ieelion. b.
Newfoundluiid Dcelares Apiinsi (.'onfederalioii

CIIAPTElt VIII.

(ioVKRN'MKST of Sill .lollX vol xfi — ISl'i'.l.

Explanation." with reference to \'aoiineie!i in tho Cahinot. L'.
Senator Chandler's .Motion that (he I'liilod States should lake
Canada in Payment of .\l.ibaiua Claims, .'i. Dual lli'iueseiilation.
4. ICneroaehmenls of Amorieans on Canadian Fi.-heries. .'"i. The
.'''alary of the (iovcrnor-iieneral. b- Hon. Mr Kosc's Propo-ed
IJankiuK .\et. 7 (Ipposiiion to the .Measure. H. Debate on the
Route ol the luleri'olimial. '.b Delinte on Iho NovaSeotia IJill.
111. Further Amoiidineuts and (Ib.ieetions. II. The S.lver Xiiis-
aueo. I'J. Proroiraliou. I'liifrani'lii-'im.' the Indians, bl. .'lum-
inary Trials, and other .\ets. .'>upply and Private l>ill». 14. Ifi-
siLMiatioii of Hon. .lohii Rose, .'sir Fraiieis lli'ieks aiipoiuled
Minister of Fiuauee. Reeoiistruclion of the Cabini'l. 1''. Re-
view of the f'hani-'i'S in the Cabinet. 111. T'oiir of tho (bneriior-
(Icnernl thrnusli Ilie Lower Pnn iuees. 17. Vi-it of Prinee
Arthur. 1'*. The Peeiiliar Siitnilioaneo of the Prinee's Vi-sit. I:i
licneral Review of tin' Year

CHAPTER IX.

CuVfllNMfXT of SHI .lollV VOIVO— Tllf SOin ll-WfST.

FoelinB in tho .Vorth-Wcst auaiuRt luiou with Canada. 'J. Rc.i,sons
why the French llaif-iireeds Feared I'nioii. .'!. Ilisliop Taelie's
Non-Propressive Policy. I. Tlio Elements of wliiili the Popula-
tion of the North-West was Composed. 5. .A iloverninent
ludepcndont of the Hudson's llayCmnpany .Attempted at Port I'-'C
la Prairie, li. The Imperial ibiveniment Refuses to Noirotiate a
Transfer until ArranRcinents are made with II li Co 7. Term-
Finally Atrrecl to for the Traiisler. S. A Terrihirial <ii)veru-
ment Provided for the .N'orth-Wesit. ■'. Sur\ev,» Urn -ed
Preparatory to LayiiiB Out Townships, in. Hon. W. Macdouk'a'l .
Appoinied llovernor of the North-West 'ferrilnry. His luslriii'-'
tbms. 11. Visit of Hon. .loseph Howe to Red River .■'eltleniuiil.
1:;. Hon. .Mr. .Miedoii'-Mll Receives Waruiiit' not lo Enter the
Territor.v. K!. Fieneli llairiu'ceils Dotorinine to ilppnsi!
I'^utrauee of the liovernor. 14. .Mr. MacdiiUKull Driven Dnt of
the Territory i

laiVfUXMKNT Of sill

Affairs in the Settlement

CHAPTER X

lollN VOIXO— TUK HEn RIVF.II Tllolltl.f.S.

First Meeting of tho .Metis.

2f»

COXTKNTS.

Al>iilli> uf ihi' II li C.r.'.i nnii'cr^. C'iiri<iii» CiukIiicI nrOnvcrMur
.Mii<'Tii\i^li. I, Tiir MMil* S(ci|i|ii'i|. Oilllc'iillics III' ('(iiiiiiiiinini-
tii'ii. I. Till' I'liiiliirr III Furl Uiirry liy llii' liiiiiririiitK. 'i.

I-'iii-iiiii|.-i)ili' A-i I lit' tli" lii^iirrri'tiiiii- itiiv. ."Miii'TuN i.-li'i*

l.iiinii Kx|i|iiii:iliiiii. I', rriii'liiiniitiiiii A«kiii»[ Kii>.-liMli lliill-liri'uil-
III feiiil |icli<i{Mit'K til Ciinvi'Mliiiii 7. linveriinr Min T'livi-li at
List l"iii'Sii I'riii'liiiiwiliiiii ilriliTiim the tllKllrl<l'nl^| in |)i<|ii'r?c',
\ Mi'iitihif III the CiiiiKMiliiin mi li'itli Nmiinhpr 'i. Itii I
l>cii't:in-H hi- liirt-iitinii III' I-'M|-iiiiiiK a Pnivi-iiiiiial lidViTniiifiit
111. Sri/iirnif the UmikH. ra.-h, .Vi'. nl the ('iillfctcr of t'listoiiiM
II. K.Mi|ii!<iiin iii'Canailian Viitc- in HriliT tn I'ai'k tlic Ciiiiveiilinii.
I J. Hill III' liiuhl.- I'ii-mhI m

fllAl'rKH Xl

I.OVKHVMI \r 111 SMI .lii|l\ Viil Mi— rill MilllH-H'KSI.

1. Ifiin Mr .M.ii'i|iiiiKair« lliiiiiiliatiiiK I'li^itiiiii at i'l'inliina. 'A lie
I'liarKc.' till- II li I'll.'- liHii'ial.-i witli ('iiiii|ilii'ily with the In-
^urifi'iit". .'i. ill- l.n.^iicy a Prni'lainaiinn .Viiiiiuinriiii.' Iliinsi'lf
Mil (iiiviiriinr III tliL' Xiirlli-Wcsi Turrilnry I. .Xi'liun i.t'Caiiailian
linvcriinii'iit. Till' (;in'cn'?J I'mcLiiiiatinn. '>. .Mr. Maoiliintrnil
('iiniinii>KiiiiiK II "(''iiii'i'rvafiirdtihi' I'imit." i'i. I'ailnri' iit'l'iiliiiicl
lli>niii^ til Arnii.-'i' till' Kiiifli^li Hull lirci'il-. 7. CuiKlitinii ul
AtViiri ill Winniiioi;. ^. ."'iirrenilrr nf Kiirlylivo I'aiiailiaii'' in Mr.
.>''i'liiilt7.'» l|iiii:ic '.I. Iic.'liiratiiin nt' lii<lt'|ieiii|i<ni'i'. In. Ilnisliiii:
tlio Kiliil Flan. Itii'l llciiimc." I'ri'sidtnt. II. Arrival nf Iho
Canailiaii riiinini-.'iiiini'r>. Ili7

CIIAI'TKU .\II.

iiiivi-uNMtNr 111 .<iu .mils vmMi— tiik hkh iiivkii tihh mi.k.s.
I. Iiiirlivity (>r lliu L'linailiaii C'uinmi.'Kinni'r''. 2. lliKhii|i 'I'iicIk''
.\i.'ri'('s 111 Urturn to lird ItiTLT. Kscain' iif Fi\'i' I'ri-nncrs. .':.
('•inmiiii.iiiiiu'r .'>inil)i .Aililn-iii.n it .Ma.-i?- Mculiiur. .AiiiiniiitiiKMit
111' llcli'Kiito.i^. 1. Iv-ia|ie 111 lir. .^I'hnllz. .I. .Mcotiiin nf Ciin-
vi'iitiiiii. 'I'lic '■ lii.*! Ill' RiulitH." (1. K.stalili.ilinu'iit nl' tin'
" I'liivi.iiiinal (Jiivorninoiit." 7. Aiifinintnicnt nf lick't'iitcH tn
Caiiaila. H. fhc Iti'ini.' at Kililnnan. Ki'Um.io nl' tlio I'riinni'r.".
'1. Caiitiiro nf tin' I'lirtairi,' Ilctai-hiiniil. ID. Tlio Fir.'<t I!ln,.,|

S|iilli'i|. Ili-ath nf ,<iilli('rlaiiil. II. .Ma.inr linultnn C Iciiiiii'il

III hcalli. Kniilii'ily nf Hid. 12. Dr. .■'^i-liiiltz's Trainii nf "nKi
Mik's nil .-(ninv slinos us

i:ii\ i-;i!NMi.N'r
I. Tin* ilai'k oriiiii

i-^i'iill. ".. Ilnw ."^enlt wii.« Ijiili'hi'reil.

CIIAI'TEU XIU.

|. .-iiii iiiiiv vnrxn— riiK iii:i) iiivKU riliiriii.K.i.
I till' Iti'lii'llinii. U. Till' .MiK'k Cnurt-.Martial of
Till' >traiiL'n itisa|i|inart)iiC(>

iif .■<iiilt'- liiidy. ."i. A I'l'iKii nf icrrnr. li. Tlic iiii.'<,-iiin nf lii..'liii|i
Tai'lii'. .Mi-lakes. 7. Fir-t iiii'i'tiiiK nf tliu " I'riivi.siiiiiitl " I'ar-
liaiiii'iii. .ViMii'-s nf l!i.-liii|i Tai'Iii''. H. Ueloa.'ii' nf |iri,iniic'r.i.
liili'.i-i' nl Ilii' IMiil'irty nf till' Miid.-nii'.- Day Cniiiiiaiiy. '.i. KlVcct

iiflii-lin|' Tailii-'- .arrival. In. Ilnistini.' tl rinini .lai-k " nvi'r

Fnrt liarry. Tiin .Manitnlia Act acoi'iitcd. 11. liislmi, Tai-ln''." prn-
iiiIm.' nf .\iiiin'.-ly. Ili. Tliii ai'timi nf iho l!i.ihn|i rbviiiwi'd llCi

I'llAI'TKH XIV.

i.llVK.il.WIMNTIll' slll.lllll.X VlllMI— THIKIi .SI;.-J.-i|llV lir Klll.'-i T IIII.IAMK.V T. IS7II.

1. .\ii.\inin' fi'cliii),' tlirniii-'li.ait tlin Iininiuinn. Iti'iiirii nf Ilmi. .Mr.
.Ma.diiiit'ull. i;. iliiciiiiii.' nf Parliament. A Ilrilliaiit .«ecne. The
.■^lieeeli I'rniii the Thrniie. '1. Ilehale nil the aildresji. I. .-iir l''r.inei.«
Ilinek-' liaiikin;: .-eheiiie. ."^ynnii.si.* nf ihe ri'.inliitiniis. .'i. Deliate
nil ilie ri-n|iitiiiiis. They |ia.-- lhriiii'.;h ('niiiiiriltee. I'l. Ai|ni>iinii nf
the liaiikins .Vet. .■'^yiin|i-i.< nf it." |iiiivi.iiiins. 7. Ilnii.Mr llnnfiiiB-
lini'- re.-nlulii.n.'^ Inr the fnruialinn nf a /nllverein. s. iJefeal nf
the rcsnIiitiniiH liy Inrty-twn inajurily. n. .Mr. lilake'.- aiieiniit tn
have the li. X. .\. .-Vet aiiieiidod. II). .Mr. lilake's cll'nit.s attain
ilefi'aled. II. The " .Silver Xui.-aiiuo." PiLSraKu nf the llniniiiinn
Nntes .\ei. ]2. ,<ir .A. T. I ialt'.i |irn|.n-' il tn ihaiite the iiianner nf
liuildiin: the Inlerenlmiial Kailwiiy. l.'i. .sir llenru'e K. C'artier'i
deleiife nf the ifnvernineiit'- liailway imlicy. It. Ituiiinreil Fenian
iiiva.siiin, Sii.-|ieii,-iiin nf lhe/Ai/..n« i';riiiii Aef. I."i. Ilehato nn

the iiii|irii\iiiieiit of the water i ii ieatiniisnf the Dniiiiiinn.

I'''. .\.!- I'lr the iirnlei'tina nl'the Fi-hnries and I he i-na.'-tint' tiade.
17. I'he ai|n|iliiiii nf a I'rnioeiivc Tarifl' iiri-'ed. IH. Adniilinnnf
the " Prnlcelive" Taritl' Hill. Ii.j |irnvi.sinn.«. h.i. Mills with-
drawn nr defeated. The Censii.s. in. The Siiiiply liill. Slis-

PAIIH.

('ellaiienii- Letfislatinn. Pmrni-'atinn. Hi'\ iuw nl the Ses-iim. I.'itf

CIIAl'TKK XV.

l.iiVl IIWIINT lit sill IIIIIV Vlll Nil — I'\.SSM,|: UK TIIK MAMTnlll AlT

1. Ilnw the news nf .S'litl"* iiiiirder wai' received. Indiuiiatinn
iiieelinits. i. .Arrival nf Deleifatos in iillawa. Arrest nl Kielmt
and .'■^I'liit. Their diseharue. :1. The |irlei.'ato«ai{ain arrested, tried
and ili-i'harKed. I. Intrndiiiliiiii nf the Miinilnlia Aet. n. L'liaiine
in the hniindaries nfihe Prii\iiiee as at first |irniiiiseil. li. -Mr.
.Maikeiizie'- review nf the imliey nf the iln\eniiiieiit, and the
Al.inilnlM Ai'l. 7. Iieliaienn the I. mil reserve f'lr Half lireeijs. x.
linn. .Mr. .Mai'ilninnill i'rn|iii>i's anew Hill, whieli is reiceled. '.'.
A 'ln/.en iiiiiendiiients rejeetcd. mid the Hill finally adniitud 157

fllAlTKU XVI.

l.li\ KI1\M|..VT 111' .Sill .lllllN VIlI'Ml— rilK FKXIA.V !■ MSI II— 1 1711.

I. Fenian |ire|iiiriiliniis fnr aimther iitviisinii nf Canada. 'J. .Militia
I'.illed nnl. President (Irant's Prnelaiii.itinn. :i. The Fenians
enterCanada. I. hefeat nf the Fenians nt Keeles' Hill, -k Tho
Fenians retreat frnii the .MissiMinni Finiitier. il. Iti'inilse nf the
Fenians nn the niinliiit.'d'iii Fmntier. I'niniiliinent tn the .Mililia.
7. Fiiil nf the raid. Trial nf snnienf the raiders. Oiiinimis nf the

lircsi

fllAPrEU XVII.

iniMltWIIVT 111' sill .IlillN VIlI'Ml— TIIK f?\ I'KHn IIIN Til IlKli KlVtIl- Is7ll.

I. A .Mililary Kviieditinn In lied Hiver ilelenniiied nn. 2. Arrival of
(ieneral l.iiidsji>'. The terms ,,ii which the F\|ieditinii was sent,
'I. Preniiraliniis fnr the F.xiii'ditinii. I. The Mililiii eonlinu'enf.

Dilhi'iilty ill tilliii).' 'he l^nel Hattalinn. "•. I'nileetiinj siipiilies.

Cnlniiel WiiNeley aiipninled tn I'lnnniand tlie Fxiicdilinii. i'l The
rniile nf the Kxiieditinii. Cause of delay. 7 ,Stn|,|iiii,'e nf the
■•('hii'iira " at the ,<,iiill 'Ste. .Marie Canal. •<. The " Chicnra "
iillnHeil tn |iass thniinili the Canal, n. First arrival nf Triiii|is at
Priiii'c .Vrthnr's Handini-'. Cnii'litionnf the rnad tn.'-hehandnwaii.
in. Cnlniiel Wnlseley decides tn send the linats hy way nl ilie
Kaiiiinistii|iiia Hiver. II. The causes nf delayas exiilainrd liy .Mr.

Itawsiin andCnliinel Wnlseley. 12. The start fi i .Sliehaiidnwan nn

li'ith .Inly. I:'.. The K.xiieditinii mi its way. Daily llniitiiie- 1 1, .\rrival
at Fnrt Francis. State nf atlairs in the .'''I'ttlemeiit. l.'i. Frmii
F'lirt Francis tn Hut Pnrtairc. In. The tnilsniiio .inuniey dnwn the
AVinniiicff. Arrival at .'^tnne Fnrt. 17. Arrival nf the Fxiieditinn
at Fnrt I la rry. I'e.n'efiil iiei'iiiialiini nf the Fnrt. Ilnist'iii.' the
rninli .lack. l*". Tile lriiliii|ili nf jieace. The health nf the liniijis.
Tcllll'erancc. In. The dillieiill imsitinll nf Cnlmiel WnNeley. Xn
Civil aiithnrily. '/n. Withdrawal nf the Ke^'ulars frmii Fnrt liarry.
Cnlniiel Wnlselcy's strictures ni the l>iiiiiini'iii(ln\eriiineiit 172

ClIAPTKH XVIII.

(;iivKii\Mi:N"r iir siii .imis vhimi— imi'iiiiunt kvknts hktiik vraii, 1h7ii.
1. .Marine disasters. Iinss nf the " City n' Hnslnn." 2. Pnitectinn nf
the Fisheries i^eizure nf.Aiiicrican vessels. :;, President liraiit in
his messatfc tn Cniii-'ress. adviicates retaliatnry nicasures. I. Lari-'e
liiish-lires. Ureal Inss nf lile and iimnerty in the oftawa district.
fi. Iieslriietive lire' in Tniniiin, (Jnehec and .Mmitreal. li. The
withdrawal nf the Imiierial trnnps. 7. Tho reasnn why Canada
shniild receive liniierial aid acaiiisl Fenianisui. ,H. Hnn. .Ale.x,
C uiphell's missinii in KiiKlaiid. '.i. Hr. Tniiper enters the .Ministry.

"tlier iiniiiirtant events I'll

ClIAPTKH XIX.

nnVKIlSMKNT liK l.iiUli l.lsllAll— SKSSIdN OK I'AHI.l AMKN'T, 1171.

I. Openiiii-' nf Parliament. Tlic .-^iu'ech fmni the Throne. 2. .Sir A. T.
Hall's resnlntinns nil .Iniiil llit'li Ciunini-sinn. '■\. liueslinn a.» to
Ilie eniislitniiniiality nf the .M.iiiitnlia .Act I. Deliate nn .Mr.
lilakc's rusiilnlinns. a. Independence nf Parliiiiiient. (inveniment
iiL'rees tn anieinl llie .Aet. ii. .AtU-inpt tn secure the Indei.endonee
nf the Senate. 7. The Hnd.'et speech. .Satisl'acMry Cmiditionof
the Finances. i. Interiin Kleetimi Act. n. .\il.litiniis tn the Free
Cnsiniiis List. in. Cnllaiisc nf the " .\atiniial Policy. " II. Assinii-
laiinii nf the currency, liiiiikinir Acts. Vi. Miscellaneniis .Acts
passed, l.'i. Hcl.alc mi the tiail'-'e nf the 1 ntercnlonial. II. Piililie
lands in .Manitnlia. I-'i. The iiiiesiiou nf adniittini; the Manitnlia
luoiuliers tn the llnuso. hi. Mr. Kymiils' inntinn on the murder of

•1

ir .Si'x-h'll.

I'aiik.

-WIT'im AI'T

[nitiuiiiitinn

l'<'.-l Ml |(i.'h..|

irrc'liil. irioil
I't. ■'>. t'liinit't'
Mijjcil. ti. Air.
ii'iit, iiiiil thi.>
iiiriircfil-. ".
rcjcrli'.l. M.
lupliM 157

\s(i)— IsTii.

ii. U*. .Militiii
Tho Ft'iiijins
Mill. 'i. Tho
.•IMilse 111 the
<> (■ii'.Miiili.'i.
'iniiin> 111' tho

H'lT

Kli IflVKIl- IhTII.

2. Arri\ 111 of
inn w:r- sctir.
ii <-i)i)tiriL'i'nr.

illK Sllpiilic-.".

tiiin. i;. Till'

|i|lll!.'(' 111' lIlP

c " <'liiciini "

111' 'rriiiiii^ at

tii'ttiiniJDVvaii.

way lit ilii-

ticiliv.'Mr.

niliiwaii on

II. Arrival

lo. From

V il'iwn tho

Ivviu'ilitiim

■ i.itini.' the

Ihi' II |is.

Nilcy. Xo
rt (tarry,
lit 172

I-.

i: YRAll. IsTo.
rotection of
lit ti'i-init ill
1. I.ari;c
(va ilii^triot.
al. Ii. Tiif

liy Caiiinla
lion. AI.'X.
ic .Ministry.

l!ll

NT, 1 ST I,

-'. Sir A.T.

-linli .MS to

ii' "11 .Mr.

ivfrmnciit
It'l'i-'iiilonco

inilitioti of

II tho Krei-
11. A-siiiii-
iieoiis .\ct.s

II. I'lllilio

.Maiiitolia
niuriler of

CtlNTKNTS.

'.M

.<.olt. 17, Thi; .-^iiiiiily Hill. Ac IH"

CIIAITKU X.\.

lOPVKRNMKNT 111 I.I 11111 I.IMi. \ll— TlIK .>IIMI.<»|1>N OK MRU Hit 11 H. I Mill V

1. Ui'soliiliiins ill finor "I I'liioii |iiH«(!i| hy lliu I,e«i-liiliie Oniincil of
Hrili-li I'oliiinliia. °.'. I'liaiint's in Ihi' oriKinal |ii'o|.iHiii.,n niailo iiy
Ihc l>iiiiiiiiii>n liovfrniiiriil. 1. liui-lions as In tfriii.' "f Inioii
a-keil in tho .^oniito. 1. (Sir lidnrKC !■' Cartior ilctlni's the nnsilioii
of iho loivi'niiiii'nl ''. ."(ir A. T. Halt's oli.iri'liniis to tin' rcsolii-
lioiis. Ii. lion. .Mr. Tilleyili fi'iiil- Iholiinernnicnl iiolii'V. ".Mr.
.Marktin/iiMilfers an aim niliiii'iit to the rcsoliitiotis. H. Mr. Cart-
wriifhl n Miloin- ihr | ilii'y ol tho Ho (•mini.'nl. :<■ Col. iJriiy
ilufi'iiils tho ri'soliitions. Mr. .loly I'liiiiloiiiiin tli«in. \'K .Mr. .Mills'
oliji..i'lioiis. Hon. .Mr. l.aiiKCvin niilniM- Ihr ri'-oliiiiiin-. II. .Mr.
.loni's inovos an am. inlnirnl t" tlio aiiieiii|iiii-nt. IJ. Sir Francis
llincks' o.x|>lanalioii, lion. Mr. .Maciloiik'all attacKs the loivcrn-
lueiit iiolicy. ]■'. Kc'oiiliilions loloiiiiil. 11. ilii the iniilion to
I'oiiciir .Mr- Mai-kcn7.il' nlVcrs anntligr amcinlmcnt. l*i. .Several
iiincii'liucnls |iiit ami lost. M. 'I'hn inMri's- finally a<|o|iiuil withoiil
iiininilini'iil 17. The resolution- in Ihc Senate. Is. Hon .Mr.
Ijctcllicr otfurs an iimoniiiiiont. I'l. 'riie aildrcs- ai|o|ilcil in the
Seniito ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ . -I"

CHAl'TKK .\.\I.

lillVKIINMKNT UK I.IIKII l.lsl. \ll~ MMM rilATIoN ItKTM'KKN (l\'l\HIil WD i;l KIIKC-

1. The provisions utnler which the .Arliilrator.- were a|i|>ointeri. 2. Tho
isenleil liy iintario. '1. Thce.i-eas presenteil liytinchcc.
- hy I'oiinsel forhnlli Provinces, ."i Interlocutory
if tho Arliitrators. li. lion. .Iiidirc
7. The remaininft Arhitnitors ilcciilelo i.rocceil. A

case as |lre^
I. Ilei.liosto
jiiilmnent uiven li.\ n m: .iority i
Hay ri'siKns

lirccci|c-'l for the Fisheries awanl. s, The terms of iheawanl

iliviiiinu' the 'Iciit. liahiiilies anil assets. \K Tho Quel (fo\ern-

mcnt, anil Imth lluiise' of Ihc I,ci;islaliire, iirotcst au'aiiist the
awirril. II'. Sir .lohii .\. .Macjonalil ileciiles that tho l)ominiiiii
lloverniiionl has no p.iwer to interl'ero in tho mailer. II. .Mr
Iilakc movi's for |ia|icrsaiii| eorresiiomlenec. lii. Ucsolntions that
the I>oininiiin assume the whole ilelit introituccd hy Hon. Mr.
Ilorion anil ileclarcil out of orihrr. ]'■'. lion. Mr Ilorion renews
his inotiini for an ail'Iress. II. Sir flcorirc F. ("artier proposes an
amenilinent to tho motion. ].'•. Hon. .Mr. Ilolton moves an iinioinl-
inent ei|iiiviilcnl ton million of want of eonliilcncc. lii. Synopsis
of Ihe ilchatc. Hon. .Mr. Ilolton's motion ilelcntcil, lii for H'l
auMinsl. 17. iilhor iimemlmunts lost. The liovcrimient siislaincil
liy a vote of lis t,, 111.

CHAI'TKIt .\.\II.

llllVKIiSMKNT OK I.IIUII I.I.Sli AH— I'lllMll'AI. KVKNT.S UK 1>*7I.

The Two Ureal Kvcnis of tho Vear. 2. First Mooiinu' of Ihe houii-
nion lioanl of Traile. Fnliircemenl of Ihc Canals iiru'i'il. .1.
Dominion IloarJ of Trade. I'roteetion r«. Free Traile. 'fhe
MeeiiiiK fivors FreeTiaih'. 4. Dominion lioanl of 'I'm. le. Various
Sni-'uo'siions III the llovernment. H. Fires. liraiH'onl almost ei -
lirely De.lroyeil. II. The IliirninL' of Ch eat'o. Ilel|i fr..m Canaila.
illher fires. 7. The Census. I>i>.i|i|iiiinlinent at its Uesulls. s.
Tho Census. Uca.sons why the Increase of I'opiil.ition was not
tireatcr. '.i. Tho Census. How it was taken. In. The Census.
.Some of it.s Kesulls. II. .Marine Disasters. Vessels Cainrlit in
the Ice. 12. Final Witlnlniwal of the Troops. Formation of
"A" ami "1!" liaiieries. .Militia Camps. Ft. I'ostal ChaiiKcs.
II. llpeninirof the K. & \. A. Hailwiiy. Seizure of ihc " K. A.

Ilorton." I."i. \'arious Events of Minor Imiiorlance

ClIAHTKl! .\.\1II.

i;ilVKIIN.MKNr UK I.ollll I.I.SUAll — rilK KKSUN HAMl l.V MA.MTIIIU.

Arrival of (loveriior Archihahl. The Dillicult Task ho hail to
Accoiuplish. 2. Warrants for tho Arrest of Kiel applied for.
The Advanlace of His Fliu-ht. .'). Coneili.aiory course of the
),ieut,-llovemor Appointments to E.\eculivo Council. 1. Tho
Death of (ioulct. \o Warrants or .Arresls. -"i. Why RcKular
Troops should have hecn left in Fort ll.irry, instead of Volun-
teers, il. The Winter I'asscs (Jiiietly. |i„iier Feeling towards
the VoliinleiTS. 7. Formatiiin of a I'olice Force. The Census.
Local Flections, s. luiiuiirration. Lmd Tnaililes. 'i, Disconlont
of the French. Keturn of Riol, " licneral" trNeil I'lol.s an

2ln

I'a

" liniision." III. The Raid a Conlciniiiil'le Fi//.le. ll'Neil airain
Arrested and Kelease I hy liiited Slate- .\ulhorities. II. il.n, r

nor Aiehihald'- I'rci.aratino- lor Delencc. I.'. Tin- Si id

.Military Fxpedilion to Ited lliver. I'l. Fiic Tl sand Dollar-

Keward for the \rre-l of the .Murderers ol Scoit. ollercd hv the
iiiilario lliocnitneiit. II. Fei lim; caused iiiiiontf-t the Frcoch.

In the aili f Ihe iinliirio ilm crnmenl. l"i. Hid and l.epine

.Assisted liy the Diiuiinio.'i Uovernmeiit to Icau- the Country • ■

CHAl'TEIt X.MV.

Iill\ KItWIKNT UK l.illin I.ISllAH— KItTH .SKSSIIIN- lllt.sl 1' \ltt.H \l IM . I

I. iipcninu- of I'arlianieiil. Speech from the Thrniic. New .Minilier-.
2. Deliiite on the Address. ■,. Frnl. clion to .Manntaeiiiriiii.' In-
tcrosts. 4. .Mr. .loncs (l.eedsi rci|iiesl- I'mioclion lor the Farmer
asHcll as the .Manufiiclurer. '■. 'flic .Vine Hour .Mioiincni. The
haw relatini! to Trades riiions. o. Aiueiiduicnls to tlie Ijiws
adopiod. 7. Iiniiiixratioii and Immiifratiou .iid Soi-ieties. s.
Financial Statciuent. .\ Surplus ol over Three and a 11 ilf .Mil
lions. 0. The l'ros|ierous Condilinn of the Coiinlij Comiiiercially.

III. D. hale on Ihc IhidKcl. II. Continiialii f Dehalcon Mnd-'ct.

1'.'. Kepcal of the Unties on Tea and CU'ee. 1:1. Si ly l;ill

CHAl'TFU XXV.

IlllVKIIVMK.XT UK l.llllll 1.I.M1IAK— rilK VKW IllllVsnirk si lloiM. ACT, I

1. The School l,aw nf New liniiiswick prior to Coiifedenilion. 2. The

Ciimmoii Scl I Liw passed in Is7I. :i. iippo-liion |o ihc Ad, hy

the Koiiiaii Catholics of the I'rovince. t. I'ctition- to the iio\er
nor-lioncral to Disallnw the ttill. .'i. Sir .f.lin \. .Macdon.ild
advises Iho .Approval of tho Hill. •'•. Itcniark-' on the oi-inioti of
Sir.lohn A. .Macdonald. 7. Motion for (.'orrespondence. etc. s.
.Mr. OiistiKiiii's .Motion for an Addre-s pr.iyini.' the Di-.illowaneo
of the Act. II. Dehale on .Mr. CostitMn's .Moiion. In. ||,,ii. Mr.
liray's ,.\iuendinenl to .Mr. Cosiiii.in's .Motion. II. Iloii. .Mi. I'haii.
veaii's Amendment to the Amciidincni. 12. Couiii, nation ..f Ihe
Dehale. F'. Defeat ol Hon. .Mr. I'li.iuvean's Anieii.lmeiii II.

Am Iiuciit I'ropo.-eil hy Mr. Clhy .\dopied. I".. Hon. .'Mr.

.Macken/.ie'- .\niendmciil. I'ho .Motion as tin illv Adopted

ClIAl'TFU XXVI.

lOiVKIrSMKNT OK I.OUli I.I.SOA H- TIIK I'VIIKII |r\l,.w\V illl.I.. IS7J.

1. The " Falhcr" of the Canadian Pacific Kailway. 2. Inception of
the Canailii Pacific Itailw.iy Comiiany. H, The Inter-Oec.ini.-
(^unpany. I. Charters t-ranlcd hoi h Coiui.anies, '\ Theiiiocrn.
inciil Itill 11. Hon. Mr. .M.ickioi/ie's i iliicclions. 7. Di h.iie on
the Kesolutions. s. Amcndmenl iiirereil hy .Mr. .Maedonald
(lllem.'arry). '.'. Hon. .Mr. .M.ickenxie's .•Vinendmciil. Ill The
Hcsiilulioii.s Adopted. II. .Amendments Lociiim.' the 'I'crminns
l,ii.-t. 12. .Another .\ineinlmcnl hy Mr. -M.hkcnzie llefealcd. I'l.
Sir .liihn's E.vplaiiation. II. Mr. .Maike.niie's .Amciidiuent
UcKardini; Frc.' lirant 1/inds. I">. The Mill Pas-ed

CIIAl'TFUt XXVIl.

UOVKRXMKSr OK I.ollll l.l.sl, \H— nl K TIlKlTV ol W ls|||Vi. |o\.

1. The Treaty of Wa-.liinv'ton Can-cd In iln- .\ciion of tin. I'.in.i.lian
iJovcniiiicnl. 2. Hon. .Mr. Caniplieirs Mis-ion to Eiarlahd in
1S7II. :i. Hon. .Air. Camphcll's Keporl. The Fenian Invasions.

I. Hon. Mr. Camphcll's Iteport. The Fisheries, .'i. Propo-al to
Appoint a .loiiil Hiidi Commis-ion aurccd to hy the rnited Slates.

II. 'file Proposal of a Commission well Ucccivcd in Canada. 7.
Mectim: of the Commissioners at .Vashinulon, 27ih Fclirn.ir.\.
Is7;. s. The Aincricaii Oommissii,. . Dcidine to Accept Ki-ii-
pocily as a hasis for .Xeiioliations. '.> The .\merican I'lnn-
luissioiiers oiler $1 •'*"'.""" lor Ihc l!ii:ht to ir-e the Fi>lierie- lor
ever. III. Keciprocity ill Coal. .Salt and Fish i illered. II. 'fhe
hasis of an .Arraiit'cmciit Finally .Arrived al. and .Arlichs Is t,> o",
iiKrecdto. 12. Hemarks on the Term- ai-'rced on. 1'!. .\avii.'alioii
of the S:. l.awrcnec. Transporlatinn in liond, .Vc. Arlielc- 2il
to :«. II. The .San duan linundaiy Question. .Articles .11 lo 12.
l.i. Canaila'.s Claims to Indemnity for I'eiiian Itaids Hciecied hy
the Commissioners

CHAl-TFli XXVlll.

IIOVKRXMEXT OK I.IIRII I.ISUAR— .VKlloTIATIo.VS MIol r TIIK TIIKvTV.

1. (Jppositiiin of I'uhlic Opitiiun to tho Treaty. 2. Tho LcKlslaturo

2s a

.'tl I

(::0?TTHNTS.

Paoe.
nf New HriinawU'k ('unik'inns the Treaty. !. The Ciiniulian (iov-
criniKti* Kefiis '« tiTsses its l)i.<..^aii''l'irti"n wUh the Treat.v. .">. Konl Kiiii-
lierl.,'- Satistiii-ti..i witli ilie Treaty, i'k Koply of the Canailian
(linernnient. The Fenian Haiils Claims. 7. Reply 'if the
Canailian (iiiverninent. Tlie l-'i.^heric^. S. Heply uf the Canailian
tiinernnient. Fui'iier t)lj.iectinn.-. 1*. Tlie Earl uf KinilierleyV
Reply III the Kepi t nf the Privy Ciiunoil. in. The Position in
v.liii'h the Canailian (iovernnienl I'onnil Il.iell. 11. Ueport of the
I'rivy Couni'il witli Heferenoe to (^onipen.iation for Fenian KaiiU.
IJ. The British (iovernnienl otl'crs to (inarantec a Loan of
i:2,rilin,iNXI. l.J. The Terms acreeil to. l{eiiiarl<s :t2'!

CIIAl'TKU XXIX.

IIOVKIIXMKNT OF I.ORP l.lS(i.vH— IIKIUTH OX TllK TiiK VTY HI WA.-JllIXKTOX.

1. liill to give Ftl'ect to tlie Treaty Introihn'eJ hy ."^ir John A.
Mat'ilonalil. 2. Sir -lolin A. Alaejonalil Kxplain.s liis Action on
the .loint IliKh Commission. .J. .Sir John's Fxplanalion. KH'eet
of the Kepeal of tlie Unties <ni Coal, tVe., on tiie Xi'iintiations. 4.
.Sir .Folm's Kxplanation. X;ivitratioii of the St. La\^renee anil
Lake iMiehifran. ''. Sir -liilin's Explanation. The IionilitiK System
anil San Juan lionmlirv tjncstion. li. Sir John's Kxiilanation.
The ttniission of the Feniai\ Claims fr.>ni tlie Treaty. 7. Hon Mr.
.Maekenzie eritieizcs the Treaty. S. Hon. Mr. lilake moves an
Anienilnient. '.i. Debate on the lion. Mr. lihike's Amen.!-
ineiit. 111. Amemlments Voted flown, ami liill Carneil hy a
iMa.iority from every Province ."till

Heiiresentation. 12. Confederation
Uiidget. 11. Uehiilc on tho ISniliret. .

)f the I'^inpire.

Pw.r..
K. The

:ioH

CHAPTER XXXrV.

IIIIVKHXMKXT

CHAPTER XXX.

Il(l\ KIlXMKXr III' l.llHl

1. Tliimiiiion Hoard of Trade

i.i.-iiiAn— j'liixru'Ai. f:vf:xts hk l'<7i
Deepeniiip the .st T^awrenee Channel.
2. Hominion Hoard of Tr.ide. Hay Verte Canal. Pilots. Rjiil-
w;iys. t. Iloniinion Hoard of Trade. Proposal to from a /.ollvcr-
ein with llie Inited Slates. 1. Doniinion Hoard of Trade The
ZoUvercin idea rejected, "i. Iloniinion Hoard of Trade. Petro-
leum. Protection. Tarilf. t\. The " Xine hour " movement. 7.
^^\tcnsi^■e lircs and loss fif life. *<. Terrilile railw;iy accident <tn
llic lirand Trunk. Tliirty lives lost. '.i. Deiairtnreof Lord Lisuar.

CHAPTER XXXI.

CilVKHXMlNT ill Tin: l.\lll. 111' nil KKIilX— I'lllXCII'M. KVKXT.-* Ill' 1H72

Appointment of Lorl fiiitlVrin rather a disappointment. 2.
Pi'cviniis services of l.oril liiilVerin. .1. .Arrival and reception of
l,'<r<l IMillerin. |. Visits to QncKefand Ihitario. His Excel leney'."
popularity, ."i. Histiirhance in Ottawa on the 12lh of .Fuly. Fire-
arms used. I'l. Turning the tirst sod of the \orili .Sliiire Railway.
7. .'Marine disasters. Losses of life and pniterly. Seizures. S.
Ilecision of the Emperor of (lermany on the .San -Iiian houndary
i|iiestiiin. !i. The Canadian team win the Kolapore Cup. 10. The
Epizootic. 11. Extensive lircs in towns and cities. 12. Cabinet
ciiances. The slate of the country

rHK KAHI, OK IH'FKHIIIN— KIHST SKSSKIX, SKCOXP
I'AIII.IAMl NT, 1S7.I. il'tmlillKiil.)

Increase of .'Ministeriiil and other .salaries. 2. The Hallot. '■^. The
Intercolonial. Vote of want of Contidence. 1. Chamte of Kuaxe
on the Intercolonial. .'>. .Mounted Police for the Ninth West
Territories, i;. Xcw liriinswick School Act. ■?"i,i«iii for appeal to
Privy Council. 7. Reai|.iu8tnient of the debt. S. Admission ol
Prince Edward Island. !i. .Subsidy for repeal of Export duty on
timber in New Brunswick, in. .Miscellaneous Acts M

CHAPTER XXXV.

lillVKHXMI'lXT OF TIIK F.AKI. OK PrKKKllIX— TIIK I'AI'lKir srAXIlAI..

The Pacilie Scandal. 2. Charter u'ninted to the Canaiiran Pac tic
Railway Company. H. Conditions of the Charter. 1. Remarks on
theChnrtcr. .I. Hon. Mr. Huntington's charge of eorriiption. li.
Small effect of the motion. 7. Sir John A. .Macdonald moves for
a Committee. H. The Oath's liill. '.K The Coinmiitee proposes an
adjournment to 2iid of July. ill. The Committee to sit during
reoe.ss. 11. Adjoiirninent .'i7.5

CHAPTER XXXVI.

-Tin: I'Arnii- scaxiiai..—

34K

CHAPTER XXXII.

CIIIVKIIXMKXT OK Till: KAUI. IIF PI FFKHIX— TIIK (IKXKRAI. KI.KrTKl!* OF 1S72.

1. Ilissoliition of Piirliameiit. Writs issued for a lleneral Election.
2. Change III feeling in Hiitario. Defeat of tlie liovernmcnt. .'i.
Sir John A. .Ma"iloiiald's contest in Kingston. 1. Defeat of Sir
Francis Ilinck,': in South Hraiit. •''. The result in IJiiebee. Reduc-
tion of (ioveriinient iiia.iority. H. Defeat of Sir d'eorgo E. (j'lirtier.
7. The result in tlic .Maritime Province.". S. Remarks on the
result li."!!

CHAPTER XXXIII.

l.ilVKIISMKXT oK TIIK KAIII. OK pl'KKKIilX— KlUST SKSSIOX, SKIIlXP
I'MM.IAMKXT. l'*71.

I. Opening of Parliament. The Speech from the Throiii'. 2. West
Peterbnro' election. :i. The tirst division. The (ioverninont
sustained by sixteen. 1. The .Mnikoka election, .'i. W opt Peter-
born' election. Hon. Mr. Huntington's motion, li. Remarks on
the llpposilion tactics. 7. Hon. ,Mr. .Mackenzie criticizes the
Speech finiu the 'flironc. ■<, Petitions for a Proliibitory Liiiuor
Law. '.I. Proleilioii o( Navigable streams, in. .•\el for Protection
of Navigable It veiK pa^sed. II. Aet piHHod abolishing Dual

IJIIVKKXMKXT CIK TIIK KAUI. UK IIIFFKIIIX
{Ci,lllinlli,l.)

How the matter stood at the aiUoiirninent of the Session. 2,
Disallowance of the Oath's Hill. .'!. Proceedings of the Committee.
4. Publication of Sir Hugh Allan's letters. S. ElVect of the pub-
lication, ii. Sir Hugh Allan's allidavit. Its effect :1S2

CHAPTER XXXVII.

llOVKliX.MKXT (IK TIIK KAUI. OF IUFFFIIIX— TIIK I'vriKIC .i?rAXIlAI..—
|C„„(,„,„,/.)

How the letters came to be published. 2. .Mr. Me .Mullen's ''Nar-
rative." ;i. T'he defence of the liovernnient. 1. The Icelingaboiit
Prorogation. .">. Lord lliitlorin delincs the position of a ilovernor
liencral. i>. The iiuestion of Prorogation. 7. The tactics of the
ilpposition. H. His xcelleiicy's di.'cision. '.i. The Ninety-two
Remonstrant Members. 1(1. His Excellency's reply. 11. Proro-
giition. 12. 'The Indignation meeting. 1.3. The effect of Proroga-

tion

CHAPTER XXXVIJL

liOVKIIXMFXT IlK TIIK KAIII. UK IIIKKKUIX— TIIK IIIIYAI. CIHIMISSIIIN.

Appointment of three Judges. 2. Hon. Mr. Huntington refuses to
appear before the (.'ounnissioncrs. .*►. The Commission proceed.^
with such witnesses as it can get. 1. SirFrancis Hinck'sevidcnce.
■'i. Sir John A. .Maedonald's evidence, li. Hon. 11. L. Langevin's
evidence. 7. Sir Hugh Allan's evidence. H. Hon. .1. .1. C. Abbott's
evidence, '.i. The Coinmissioncrs report without expi'osslnng an

:l!iii

opinion.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

IIIIVKRXMKVT IlK TIIK KAUI, IlK lirFKKKIX— IIKSKIXATIOX IIF TIIK
M VCPOVAI.Il MIXISTIIV.

.Meeting of Parliiiinciit. 2. The altitude of tho Opposition, .'i. The
Speecli from tho Throne. I. The P. E. I. members. :"'. Papers
lai'l on the table. i>. Ilebatc on the address, Hon. .Mr. .Mackenzie's
amendment. 7. Speech of Hon. Hr. Topper. H. Speech of Hon. .Mr.
Huntington, '.i. Hon. Mr. .Maedonald's ameiiduient to the amend-
ment. 111. Tho ellect of live days debute. II. Sir .lolin A. .Mae-
donald's defense. 12. Resignatinn of the .Ministry. Ouilty ornot
liuilty?

Ids

CIl.VPl'ER XL.

IIOVKIIX.MKVT IlK TIIK KVIll, (IK IIKKKKIIIX — I'lllXrll'Al, KVKXT.S IlK 1H7H.

, Changes ill the Cabinel, 2, Formation of IIic .Mackenzie , Ministry.
3. D'lniinion Hoard of 'I'rade. Tho 'I'aritV, I. Ilominion Hoard of
Trade, Socond Hay's Hisciissions, fi, Domininn Hoard of Trade.
'Third Day's Pni.'ecdings, li. Wreck of tho " Atlantic," '>\'>
Lives Lost. 7. I II her .Marino Disasters. S. Hiirning of the
" Havariali." '.i. Fires. III. The Pope-Maedoiiald Letter. 11.
Other Kvtintsof the Year (18

P.KiE.

iiiinri'.

l:i

. The

.«s

SESSION

StCO.VI)

i! HiilL.t

. The

t'hiiiice

c.f

KUllKf

the Xoi

III

West

,'HHI (or apii

>>al Ic,

H. Ailllli.-si

on of

f K.\|ii)rt duty (in

!tS

■««

K'lITr .Sf'AXII.VI,.

l-'anaiinin I'.u' He
4. Remarks on
r cornitilion. li.
ional'l moves tor
rfei' iiroposes an
tec to sit (lurinK

:i7')

riKic sr.ixn.M,,—

the Session. 'I.
r the Committee.
Ileet of tlic piib-

:S2

IFfO .SrANOAl,. —

Afnllen's " Nar-
h('feelin(,'alioul
n of A (lovernor
e taeiics of the
lie Xinety-two
il.v. II. I'r.iro-
ect of I'rorojja-
;)!lll

1. CCPM.MISSKIX.

Kton refuses to

ion iirocceds

ruk'seviclenee.

L. Lamrevin':

r. r. Ahbotfi

xiircssinni? an

riON OFTIIK

'ition. X The
rs. .".. I'apers
". .M.aekenzie's
■liofllon. iMr.
the amen(|<
• lolin A. .Mae-
liuilly or not

V FISTS I IK iHT.'i.
izie .Ministry,
nioa lloani of

rd "f Traile.

lantie." ,"if.

ninit of the
l.i'tler. II.

IIS

COXTKNTS.

2:5

CHAPTER XLI. PA(iK.

(illVKIINMKNT OFTIIK KAULOF IIUFFKUIX— .SKS.MIIX OF I'AIII.IAMKXT, ISTf.

I. Ki.ssolution of Parliament. % Result of the (ieneral Eleetion. 3.
OlMMiinn of Parliament, k. Riel's Kleetion for Provenehcr. 5.
Motion to IC.xpel Riel. f>. Hon. Mr. Mae'tenzie fj.vplainif the
I'ositionof the lioveriiinent. 7. Kiel IC.fpulled liy the House. 8.
Sale of I.i'tuor in the llou^e Proliihited. '>. Committee on the
.N'orth-U'cst Troubles, ISii'.i-TU. )(i. The liudget. 11- Hon. Dr.
Tupper's f>trletures on the I-'iniincuil Statement. 12. The Election
Dill. 125

CHAPTER XUr.

i.iivKnv«i::vT 01 tiik kaui. of .uffkhis— I'Arn'ii' railway 1111, r., 1871.
I. P.ritish Columbia's lliseont "nt. 2. Mr. liduar Sent to Jiritish
Colutnbia as Awent of Oominion 'ioverninint. 3. The l*acitie
Railway Hill. 4. Hon. .Mr. .Mackenzie Explains the Poliey of the
(loveriMucnt. ."j. Hon. Ilr. Tujiper Criticizes the liill. li. .Mr. De
Cosmos Explains the Wishes ol liritish Columbia. 7. Bill Passed
without .Aiiieiiiliueiit. >. ProroKation. . I.'td

CHAPTIOR XMir.

OOVFIINMKXT OF TIIK K Uil. OF 111 FFKUIX— IMilXCIl'AI. KVKNT.S, 1S74.

1. Uomiiiion Hoard of Trailc. 2. Terrible It.iilway .Veeidents. :i. Paei-
lie Railway iMIioes liiirnt. 'It her Fires. 1. Murine Disasters. "1.
Trial of Lepiiie. li. Commutation of Lepino's Sentence. 7.
Xeirotiations for Recijiroeity. s. ijiher Kvunts. , |;Vi

CHAPTER XI,IV.

OOVKItXMKXr OFTIIK K.VHI. OF IllFFKKIX — IlKlTISIl ((ll.fMUIA's Pl.srONTKXT,

1. Esi|uimaull liravinnDoek. 2. l!riti-li Coluinbia's Protests. 3. Mr.
Edsjar's .Mission. 4. Eailuro of Mr. Eduar's Mission. 5. The Car-
narvon ferms. ti. Defeat of the Esriuimuult auJ Niinaimu Ruilroud

liill in the .Senate... 441

CHAPTER XIA'.

I.OVKUNMKXr OF TIIK KAUI. OF Ml FFKUIX — SKI DXI) SK.S.SlOX, TIIIUP
I'ARI.IAMKXT. H7'i.

1. Openinu of Parliament. Speeeli from theTIirone. 2. The .\miiesty
(Juestion. ;>. Riel iiKain Expelled. 4. The liiidcet Speech. ■>.
'fhe Supreme Court Bill. li. Miscellaneous JjCKislation. Proro-
Kation ■ 44,5

CHAPTER XLVI.

OOVKItXMKXT OF THE KAUI. OF OlFFKRIX— I'RIXlTI'AI. KVEXT.S OF 1875.

1. Dominion Hoard of Trade. 2. Kire«. :!. The tiuibord Case. 4. Rail-
way and Other Accidents. ■">. Marine Disasters, (i. Other Events
of the Year 448

CHAPTER XLVir.

OOVKliXMEXT OF TIIK KaHI. OF DFFFFIIIX— CAXADA AT TIIK CKXTKXXIAI..

I. Hislorieal luiportanee of International Exhibitions. 2. flrigin of
the Philadelphia Exhibition. '!. A (treat Xational Ex|icriinent
Entered upon wiih Self-Contidenee and Enthusiasm. 4. The
HoMornble Character of the Exhibition as a Whole. 6. Cusnio-
liolitan Spirit of the American Invitation, li. Ilearfy Response
to the Invitation. 7. The Canailian Commissioners. Xational
Appreciation of Their Services, 8. Their Responsibilities and
Dilliculties, and Their Initiatory Plan of MeetinK Them. ii.
Provincial Advisory Hoard*. Their Success. lU. Plans for Illus-
trating Canadian Industry. The .MineraloKical Exhibit. II. The
Lumber Exhibit. Ingenious and Attractive Jlode of Display. 12.
The Arraiiuemcnts as to Some Other Exhibits. I.i. The Tnmspor-
tation AriMiii-'cments. II. The Centennial Commissioners and
Their Arrannemeiits for Exhibitors. 15. System of Awards and
.ludires' Duties. III. The Exhibition lirounds and Huildinits. 17.
The Larire Space Oeeuiiied by Canada. IS. How (he Canadian
(loods were Displayed. I'.i. Canada on the OpeniiiK Day. 2li. The
rnantjural Ceremonies. 21. Splendiil Receptions and Entertain-
ments. 22. Marked Attention Shown Canada by Foreigners fi;

CHAPTER XLVIII.

l.OVKlt.VMKXTOF TIIK KAlil, OF IIIFFKIIIX— CANADA AT THE CKXTKNXIAL.
(f'olid'al/../.)

. Review of the Various Xational Exhibits. 2. The Canadian Paint-
ings and Water-Colours. .t, Crcliiablo Display of Canadi.m
Photographs, Ac. 1. Remarkable Exhibit by Canailian Entomo-
logists. 5. The Exhibit of Minerals, Metal.s, Metallurgical Pro-

Pa
ducts, ic. li. Canada in the I'ront Rank as a Mineral-Producing
Country. 7. The Ceramic Departments of the Exhibition, s.
I'sefiil and Serviceable .-Vrticles id' \'arious Kinds. 11. (.'oinpli-
mcnts Paid Canadian Manufacturers by Centennial .ludgcs. In.
The .Section of Eilncation. T'he iJeiieral Display. II. The Cana-
dian Educational Exhibit I'nsnrpassed. 12. T'he Machinery
Exhibit (Icnerall.v. 13. The Eiwlish and American liispla.v. 14.
The Canadian Machinery Exhibit. 15. .\ System of .Maehiiu;
Testing, lii. The Prietical Teachings of the Exhibition to
Canada. 17. The Exhibit of Agricultural Implements, 18.
The Canadian Exhibit

Iiai

CHAPTER XI.IX.

laiVERNMKNT OF TIIK KAHI. OF IllFFKUIX— CAXAOA AT TIIK CKXTKXXIAI. .
{t\tilfinni li.)

1. Canadian Exhibits of drains. 2. Canada in the Pomological Hall.
3. The Dirt'crent Canadian Emits Exhibited. 4. 0|>inions of
American Pomologists on the Canadian Exhibit. 5. The Wine
Exhibit, li. The Dairy Products id' the Iliiminion. The Cheese
Exhibit. 7. Superior Quality and tinantity of the Canadian
Cheese. 8. The Hutter Exhibit, ii. Live Stock Department.
Canada's Admirable Exhibit. In. Canadian Horses. II. Horned
Cattle. 12. Canadian .Sheep. 13. Canadian Swine. 14. Canadian
Poultry. 15. The Canadian Medals and the System of Tlicir
.Award. M. Conclusion of the .Iiidges' Labours and Aniiounce-
inent of the Awards. 17. A Thrilling Scene. IS. ,\ekiiiiwledg-
ment of the Hritish Coininissiouers' Services to the Colonial
Commi.ssioners. I'.'. Closing (,'erenionies of the Exhibition. 2ii.
Return of the Canadian Exhibits. 21. Some of the .More Impor-
tant Result.s to Canada of the Exhibition. 22. Warm Praise of
Canadian Section af the Exhibition .. -ISIJ

CHAPTER L.

(iOVKIlNMKXTOF TIIK KARI. OF IllFFKUIX— THlKJI SK.S.SION, TIIIKIJ
PARKIA.MKXT, I87li.

1. Opening of P.irliament. The S|ieech from the Tbrone. 2. The
Depression in Trade. 3. The Hudget. I. Debate on the llinlget.
5. .Motion in Eavoref Protection Voted Down. li. Protection bir
Earmcrs. 7. Sir .lohii .\. .Macdonald's .Motion in Favor of Protec-
tion Defeated- 8. The Uriuishoppcr Plague in .Manitoba. '.:.
Prorogation. Acts Pa.«seJ .|:i2

CHAPTER LI.

(iOVERX.MEXT OF THE KARI. OF 111 FFKRIX— IMMNITFAI, KVKNT.S OF l:'7li.

1. Dominion Board of Trade. 2. Terribly Destructive Fires. ;(. .Marine
Disasters 4. Cabinet Changes. Change of P.diiieal Feeling. .5.
Lord Diill'crin's Visit to British Columbia, li. Other Events of tlu
Year jijy

CHAPTER LU. |

OIIVERXMKXTOFTIIK KARI, OF IIFFFKIilN — FoFRTH SK.SSIOX, TlUlill I

I'AUI.IA.MKXT. 1S77. '

1. Opening of Parliament. The Speech from the Throne. 2. The
liudget. 3. Debate on the liudget, 4. Debate on the TarilL 5.
The Independeiice of Parliament, li. Paeilic Kailwav. 7, Proro-
gatiiiu. Bills Piussed ;3«il '

CHAPTER LUX, !

OOVKKN.MKXT OF THK E.vlll, OF UIFFKKIN— FHINril'AK KVKXI'3 OF 1877, I

1, Dominion Board of Trade. 2. Fires. :!. Burning of St. John. X, H. j
4. Orange Riots, Haekett Shot, 5, .Marine Disasters, li. The '

Fisheries .\ward. 7, Other Events of the Year "ii*;

CHAPTER LIV,

UOVKRXMKNT OF TIIK KARI. OF IllFFKUIX— KM Til .SK.SSION, IHIRIl
I'AUI.IA.MKXT, I'-7S.

I. Oiieniiii; of P.irliament. Speech fr.iin the 'I'lironc. 2. The Uudget. j

3. Debate on the Budget. 4. The Dismis.-al nf the l^iebi'c Min •

i.stry by Licnienant-lloveriior Leicllier. 5. Debate on the Leiel
Her Case. li. Tlie Twenty-two Hours' Sitting. 7. The Case .Vol
Settled, s. Prorogation. .. rxBi i

CHAPTER L\'. !

OOVKllXMKXT OF TIIK EAHI, OF III FFKUI.V— I'RISril'AI. EVENTS OF 1878.

I. Dominion B.M I I i Trade. 2. The Twelfth of .Inly Riots. :!. The
Elections. 4. Deparluro of the Earl ol Dnllerin. .5. The .Maninis
of Lome and H. R. H. Princess Louise SI.'S

1*1

;

:' ■!

ILLUSTRATIONS

VOLLIMK 11.
STEEL ENGRAVINGS.

Ills i:.\i'i:i.i.i<:.\(,'v tiik maiujii.s ok uiuxe and

II.K.II. I'KINCKSS LdltSK . I'iist Inmti.'-piicc.

It T. IIO.V. Silt .). A. M ACIiONALI), K.t'.li. .Sconnil Knmlis|iiecc.
IIHX. i;!)WAIll) ULAKE, (J.C. Tliird I'mntispicce.

SCIONK AMilXd Tin; TIKllSAXD ISLANDS . . 48-9

CIIAI'DIEUE VAUa, ((Jl'KliKC) 8S-il

'fin: LAC DES AMJMKTTKS l:iil-7

.11 Xl'TKhN (il'TllE (JTT.WVA ,\Nl) ST. LAWIIEXCE . iHl-.'i
III. (iE.XERAL'S BUKiADE, ANX

H. LAKE liENEATH OWL'S IlEAK MOl'NTALV

'.<. VIEW ACROSS DOINUAKY LINE

Ii». OKEOlUi LAKE

11. KAI'ID XEAK THE CEDARS

12. A LAKE FARM ON FRONTIER
l.-i. TIMISKR SLIDE AND lil.IIXiE .

14. LAKE .MASSAWIIIl'l'Y

15. LILLY LAKE, ST. .lolIN, X.U

AI'OLIS, N. S.

■)04-o

PORTRAIT ENGRAVINGS.

AliliOTT, HON. .1. ,1. C. .
AIKIXS, HON. .1. C. .
AXr.LlX, HON. T. W. .

BABY, HON. L. F. (i. .
BIXXKV. I!ISIIol> .
r.LAXCHKT, '.|oX. J. (.•.

noND, r.isiioi'

ItoWKl.L, HOX. .MACKEXZIE
DKOISI:. DR. W. II.

CA.Mi:i!OX, R. W.

rAni.iX(i, imx. .loiiN

CAR.MEN. lilSll01>
CAKRALL, llox. li. W. W. .
CH.WDLKU. IIOX. E. I!. .
CIlILllS, (i. W.
CO.-<Tr(iAN,.IOIIN
CITIIIIFRT, E. 0. . . .

DECOS.MOS, HON. AMOR .
DOJIVILLE, .lA.MES
DUKXKLL, II. .1. ■
Dl IIA.MKL, I!ISl|oI>

FAHRE, lilSHOH
Fl LLER. lilSllol' .
I'EROl-.SOX, HON. .INO.

(IIRARD, HON. M. A. .
liWYXNi;, H0.\. .JISTICE

II 1:LI..MIT1I, BISHOP
IlEXliV, HON. JIVSTICK
IloL.MES, HON. S. H.
IIOLT<lX, HON. L. It. .
llOWLAND, HON. W. 1'.

.lEXKINS, REV. .INO.
.I'H.Y, Hon. II. (I. .
.loNES, HON. A. (!.

I'.VOK.

4(10-1

72-;!

210-7

.•i2-.T
iKV"

152-3
l»l-7
;32-,3

48S-'.)

4.S2-,'i
72-3
4(iO-l

2!K)-7
4»)-l
432-3
l.>«-fl

l,i2-.3
2.'VJ-7
432-3

:t!r>-7

33H-7
iK>-7
251^7

l.')2-3
4ti(>-l'

!«i-7
4110-1
2!l(i-7
2',Hi-7
210-7

:«l'.-7

:m-\

210-7

.35. KAULBACK. HON. H. A. N.

LAURIER, HON. W. .
LEWIS, lUSIIol'
LlXTOiN, F. W. .
LYNCH, ARCHBISHOP

.M.\CDO.XALD, HON. .lAMES
MACDorOALL, D. . . .
MACPllER.'^ON, HON. D. L,
MAS,SON, HON. L. A.
.MILIJ?, HON. D. . .
MOISSEAI', .1. A. . .
JIOWAT, HON. O.
McINNE,S, DR.

4H. NELSON, H. A.

O'CONNOR, HON. .JOHN
OOILVIE. A. W. .

PELLETIER, HON. C.
PENNY, HON. E. (1.
POPE, HON. J. C. .
POPE, HON. J. H.

A. P.

.55. RYAN, .JOSEPH

,18.

.SCIIT'LTZ, .rOHN .
SHEIIYN. HON. ,L .
SKEAD, HON. .lA.'^IES .
.SUTHERLAND, HON. .JOHN

TACIIE, AUOUBISHOP
TASCHERKAU, ARCHULSlloP
THOMPSON, HON. .1. S. D.

WHITEHEAD, .loSEPH
WILLIAMS, BISHOP
WRKIllT, ALOX/.o

P.\liK.

2IU-1

272-;i

.320-1

344-.5

3il2-.3

410-

4IS-i)

472-3

Pack.

25Ck7

.3()0-l
;')30-7
2.T0-7
100-1

32-3
432-.3
300-1

32-3
.•100-1
400-1

;ioo-i

200-7

4(X>-1

32-3
210-7

210-7
4.32-3
72-3
72-3

l,'i2-3

1.52-3

488-0

72-3

2.10-7

330-7
400-1
•2>.Kl-7

488-0

00-7

4IK)-1

210-1

320-1
SH-.5

;!!i2-;i

41IV-7
418-1)
172-:i

Pa(ik.

. . . 25(}-7

Mt-l

. ;a)-7

. zv^i

. m-i

.•12-3

. 432-3

3I10-1

. 32-3

■M)-l

. 100-1

. 3(»)-l

■ 2'.Hi-7

400-1

. 32-,3

. 21(1-7

. 21l!-7

132-3

. 72-;!

72-3

. . lf.2-3

152-3

. 4HH-0

. 72-3

2rii)-7

. .'UIW7

. 4t«»-l

2\Nv-7

. 488HI

OiH?

. 400-1

' %

TUTTLE'S HISTORY

(iK TIIK

DOMINION OF CANADA.

^OLTJiMIHl II.

CHArTEli I.

TJIH- CO.N'FHDEfJATION.

1. First Iu'fokts towards Coxfedkkation. —
:.'. J.oRD Durham's Efforts for Confedkra-
TioN. — :!. FiJKSii ( )fficial Steps taken. — 4.
TiikCiiarlottetown Convextkjn. — 0. The
Moveme.vt in the Caxadas.— t). The Work
OF the Charlottetown Convention. — "J.
The Qiehec Conference. — 8. Troceedinos
IX Canada. — ii. I'uoceedinos in New Bruns-
wick. — HI. rROCEEDINOS in 'NoVA ScOTIA. —

11. Proceedinos in Newfoundland. — 12.
rRocKKDiNos IN Prince Edward Island
AND lUaxisH Coi,rMi!iA. — 13. Proceedings
t IF THE Delegates in England. — 14. Action

OF THE ImI'EIUAL PARLIAMENT. — 15. PROC-
LAMATION.

1. — 111 thi' in'octHlinii' volumo wc have traced
the hi.story of the Canadafs, Nova Scotia, New
i-iisi cflnrts towanis liiiuif^wick. .uul Priiice Edward
(•nnif.u™..,.,,. I^ilaiid, down to the federal union

oi" 1807. In lliis volnmc we shall endeavor
to coiupa.ss the history ol" the Dominion since
cont'ederation ; and, althoniih in the previous
volume we have given a pretty lull account ol'
the ways and means by which the federal scheme
was accomplished, as also the causes h'adiiiu' to
that end, yet, that each volume may be made
com))lr!(c in itself, a brief summary of the history
of roiifedi'ialioii itself may properly constitute

the opening chapter of this volume. As far back
as 1784, when New Brunswick was set oft' from
Nova Scotia, the subject of confederal i.ui was
agitated. The idea was no dt)ubt suggested to
the minds of provincial statesineu by the then
newly organized federal union of the United
States, and therefore thought to bo advisable as
a counterpoise to that republic. There were
men in those days who, discerning the tendency
of the times, predicted that the near future
would witness a federal union of British North
America; but the Canadian jjcople, with a few
exceptions, have always l)een slow to advocate
radical political changes, and therefore the .senti-
ment could only be developed by circumstances.
However, from that day to the consummation of
the union, no Province has been without its
advocate of the measure. About the year 180(1,
the H(m. R. J. Uniache, of Nova Scotia, sugii'csted
a scheme of colonial union to the Imperial authori-
ties, which received considerable attention; and
in 1814, Chief Justice Sewell, of t^uel)ec, — a man
established in the friendshipof the Duke of Kent,
father of Her Majesty the Queen, — addressed to
His Royal llinhncss a letter on the subject of a
union, strongly rocomrnending it — a document
to which allusion is made by Lord Durham in
his rci)ort on the allairs of the British North
American Provinces. In 1822, Sir John Beverly
Robinson, at the request of the Colonial Olhcc,
.submitted a scheme of a similar nature. In
1824, and again in 1827, the subject was mooted
in the provincial newspapers. Robert (Jouriay,

'Xff

'rrTTIJTS HISTORY OF THE DOlNnNfOX OF CANADA,

writing from Loudon, iuDccenilM'r, lH2."i, vecom-
mendod thai ■ " Nova Scotiii, Nowlbxindland, I
Cape Breton, New '>rnnswi< k, and Lower and
Upper Canada, slT^idd l>e eonl'ederated , each to
be as free Avliuin itself as one of the United
States, uiid the whole to hold congress at Quebec,
iiath also to send two nienil)evs to the British
Parliament, to speak, but not to vote. A con-
vention lo meet after a lapse of time, to review
and amend the whole system of government. A ,
supreme jiulieial court to sit at Quebec ibr the
linal determinatio;iof apjx'als, and th<' governor-
iu-chiel' to exercise clemency." Many other
details are included in his pri)ject. among which
are, freedom of trade, assimilalionof laws, canals,
provincial army and luxvy ; all to be gradually
introduced, and religious (-(juality to be estab-
lished. In ls3si. the Right lieverend Dr. Stra-
chan, Lord liishop of Toronto, in a letter to Mr.
Charles Buller, secretary to Lord Durham, thus \
expresses himself: " It will be a pleasure to me
to contribute everything in my power to the
prosperous issue ol' Lord Durham's administra-
tion ; and if Mr. I'itt considered the constitution j
which he conferred iipcu the Canadas one of the
glories of his life, what glory must redound to
' the stat<'smen who give a free constitution to the
: British North American Colonies, and by coii-
solidatinu' them into one territory or kingdom,
j exalt them to a nation acting in unity, and under
the protection of the British Government, and
thus not only ensuring their happiness, but pre-
, venting forever the sad consecpiences that miiiht
! arise from a rival power getting possession of
: their shores,"'

2. — We ha\(' good grounds for believina' that
Lord Durham's advocacy of union was, in a great
i.nr,iiin,i,.,ns..m>,t,. measurc, the "seed sown on good
io.c,M.k.ien,im„. o'vouud." lu his celebrated rcport
on Canada and British North America generally.
His Lordship laid great stress upon the absolute
necessity of a union, tlius : — " On my first arrival
in Canada I was strongly inclined to the project
of a federal union, and il was with such a plan
in view that I discussed a general measure for
the government of the Colonies, with the depu-
tations from the Lower Provinces, and with

various leading individuals and public bodies in
the Canadas. But I had still more stronaly im-.
pressed on me the great advantage ol' an united
government, and I was gratified by finding llie
leading minds of the various colonies strongly
and generally inclined to a scheme that would
elevate their countries into .something like a
national existence.'' Again, in reference to the
inlluence of the United States as hemming us in
on CA'ery side. His Lord.shij) proceeds : -'If we
wish to prevent the extension of this influence, '
it can only be done by raising up lor the North '
American colonist sonn^ nationality of his own.
by elevating those small and uuimi)ortant com-
munities into a society having some objects of a
national importance, and by thus giving their
inhabitants a country which they will l)e un-
willing to see absorbed even into one more
jiowerful. A union for conuaon defence ayainst
foreign enemies is the natural bond of connection
that holds together the great communities of the
world, and between no i>arts of any kingdon.i or
Slate is thi' necessity for such a union more
obvious than between the whole of these col-
onies." But if colonial jealousies and dissensions
prevented the accomplishment of Lord Durham's
recommendations at that time, there is no doubt
that his report was the means of preparing the
public mind for the adoption of a measure similar
in many respects to that proposed by him. The
author of '• Hochelaga'' and "The Conquest of
Canada,'' writing in 184;], Lives expression to his
hopes in the following language : •' I should
rejoice to see all the British North American
possessions, Newfoundland included, united
uiuler a central colonial government and repre-
sented in a common legislature ; each, however,
still retaining its own assemblies for local and
particular juirposes.'' But it wouhl be tedious
as well as dillicult to enumerate all the ''declara-
tions" for a union that wove i)ronouiiced by in-
fluential men of the provinces during these
years.

;?.— The liritish American League, at Kingston,
passed resolutions in iavor of union, and in ISol,

Col. Arthur Kankin, in his ad- ,,-ir„„ffl,i„i .-t,.,.».o-
dress to the electors of Kent, ».ud»couie.u.ruii.m.

TtriT^ «.>',.«».

Lbli(^ bodiosin
.' stronii'ly im-
' ol' an united
ty finding the
nies strongly
le that would
•■thing like a
li'ri'uce to the
eniming us in
:^cds : •' It" we
his induence,
for the North
y of his own,
il)ortaut com-
le ol)jo(ts of a
yiviiig their
r will ho uu-
ito one more
'fenee against
of connection
luiiiliesof the
y kingdom or
union more
of these (ol-
id dissensions j
ord Durham's i
is no doubt i
)reparing the
asure similar
y him. The !
Conquest of
essiou to his
•'I should
th American
ided, united
it and reprc-
ich, however,
i)V local and
I bo tedious
le •declara-
u'ced by in-
uring these

a I Kingston,
and in 1851,

l"<l i>llii'iill steps to-
lls ColllV'ilcI'Mlioll.

THE CON KEDEKATFON.

strongly advocated the project. Afterwards, in
lS5(i, that u'entleman. when member for Es.sex.
placed the followuia' motion on the notice papers
of the Ihmse: '-Mr. Ivankin — On Wednesday
next (30th April, 1<S5G) — Committee of the whole
on the general state of the Province, for the pur-
pose of considering the subject of an union of
the British North American Colonies, with a view
to an addn>ss lo Her Majesty to recommend the
same to the consideration of the Imperial Par-
liament." The motion was coldly received, the
leaders on both sides of the house regarding it as
visionary : Hon. W. H. Mi'rritt, who cordially
approved of Col. lJankin"s motion, beinu' the only
notable excej)ti(in. In l!^54. thi> question was
discussed in the Nova Scotia Parliament, Hon.
Messrs. .Tohiiston and Howe, the leaders of the
rival parties, vyina' with each other in their
advocacy of a mi^asure which, in their opinion,
would l>e the means of constituting a u'reat
mition, by combining the eh'inents of strength
and wenlth which all the isolated Provinces
possess. In 18o8, the Hon. A. T. Gait revived
the subject in the Canadian Parliament, and
el()<|uently dilated en the benelits to be derived
from an nnioii of the Provinces ; and when, in
th(^ summer of that year, he became a member
of the ministry, he insisted on its being made a
cabinet (piestion, with what success is shown
by the followiim' from Sir J']dmund H(>ad, the
then GoviM-nor-Oeneral's speech at the closing
of the session of 18.')S : " I propose in the course
of the recess to conimuni<'ate with Her Majesty's
Government, and with the govtn'nments of the
sister colonies, on another matter of very ureal
importmice. I am desirous of inviting them to
di.scuss with us the principles on which a bond
of a federal <liaraeter uniting the Provinces of
British \orlh America may, perhaps, hereafter
be practicable." Tiiis was followed by a de-
spatch (sio-ned l)y Hon. Messrs. Cfirtier, Gait,
and John Ross), addressed to the Imperiid
autiiorilies, which jioinled to a fed(>ral union of
the Provinces as a solution of the grave dilli-
culties whi( h presented themselves in carrying
on the Queen's iiovernnn'nt in Canada. The
defeat and consequent resignation of the Derbv-

D'lsraeli ministry in England, prevented any
decisive measure at that time on the part of the
rm])erial authovit ies.

4. — In 1801, the Nova Scotia Parliament pas-sed
a resolution favorable to union, by a unanimous
vote, whi<'h, having been trans- Tii.ci„iii..ti.tuHi,
mitted to the Colonial Oliice. was ^'''''vcnli,,,,.
forwarded by the Duke ot Newcastle, the then
Colonial Secretary, in a despatch dated July 0,
18G2, to the Governor-General, and to the
Lieutenant-Governors of the several Provinces.
His Grace stated that Her Majesty's governnu^nt
was not prei)ared to announce any definite policy
on a question which had been taken up by only
one Province, and th<m expressed his own opinion
thus: "If a union, either partial or complete,
should hereafter be propose'd with the concur-
rence of all the Provinces to l)e united, I am sure
that the matter would be weighed in this coim-
trv, both by the public, b'- I'.crliament, and l)y
Her Majesty's Governinei.., with no other feel-
ing than an anxiety to discern and promote any
cour.sc Avhich miii'ht be the most conducive to
the prosperity, the streiuith, and the harmony
of all the Jh'itish communities in North America."
The Lieutenant-Governors of the several Pro.
vinces brought the subj(>ct before their respective
legislatxires. at the commenc(>ment of their sev-
eral sessions of 18(;4, lor th(> purpo.s(>of ai>]ioint-
ing delegates to confer as to the practicability of
establishing a leaislative union between the
maritime Provinces. Considerabl > discussion
followed in those Provinces, which elicited con-
sidtnable opposition, especially in Prince lildward
Island, to a Ifgixlalirc union. However, the legis-
lature of that Province, in the same year, passed
the following resolution, which is I he same as
was passed by the legislatures of Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick: " yiV'so/iW, Tb.ut His i-^x-
cellency the Lieutenant-Governor, be authorized
to ai)i)oint delegates, — not to exc(>ed hve, — to
confer with delegates who may be appointed by
the governments of Nova Scotia and New Uruns-
wiek. lor the purpose of discussing the expe-
diency of the union of the three Provinces of
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince ]']d-
ward Island, under one liovernment and leffis-

TITTLK'S IHSTOr?V OK THH DOMINION ()V CANADA.

Till' IMlP^■l'lllCIll in

(he (juiiuIms.

laturo, till' report ol' (lie siiid ik'lcji'atoH to Ix' laid
boiorc the legislature ol' this Colony, before any
I'urther action shall be taken in reuard to the
proposed measure." Deleuatcs \V(?re accordingly
appointed ])y the three Provinces in qnestion,

I and arranii'ements were made for a convention

' at Charlottetown.

5. — While these movements were taking place
in the maritime Provinces, the leading statesmen
ol'the Canadas were castina- about
lor some nn^thod by which the
conllicts between the upper and lower Provinces
could be adjusted. The very possibilities of
])arty government seemed to be j)assing away.
Ministvy after ministry were compelled to resign
the government, until, in 1804, when the Tache-
Macdonald administration was overthrown, the
leaders of tht> Keform party made overtures to
Hon. John A. Macdonald, in a hope that the
dilhculties might be overcome by a federal system
of goA'crnment. ai)i)lying either to the Canadas,
or all British Norl h America. These proposil ions
w^ere most cordially received, and resulted in
the formation of a coalition government, which
pledged it.self in the followinu' languaa't' : " The
government are ])repared to pledge tliemselves
to brinn' in a measure next session, for the jiur-
pose of removing existing difficulties ])y intro-
ducing the federal ]n-inciple into Canada, coupled
with such provisions as will permit the northern
provinces and the Northwest Territory to be
incorporated with the same system of govern-
ment.' The Charlottetown convention, before
spoken ol', was arranged for within a month
after the coalition government was formed, as
the Canadian government hastened to join in
the movement. This was done with the ctm-
sent of the other governments concerned. The
Charlottetown convention, therefore, became an
event of y-reat historic interest. It convened on
the lirst day of September, 18iU. The Canadas
were represented by : —

Tliii Hill), .loliii .\. MiK iloniild, M.P.I'., .\tt. Gen. V. C.
'■ (ii'o. IlroWM. M.l'.l'.. I'lfS. Ciiiiii.

" A. T. Gull. M.l'.r., KitmiK-e Miii.

" (i. E. OirtiiT, .M.l'.r.. Alt. Oeii. L. C.

" Wm. .MiDoiipiill. M.IM'.. Mill, of Ar.

" T. D'Aivy McGec, M.P.I'., Sol. Gen. L. C.

Nova Scotia was represented by : —

Till' lion. ClinrloM Tiippcr, M.P.l'., I'lov. Sor.
" W. A. Ifonry, M.I'I'., All. (uii.

R. H. DiiUic. M.L.C.
■' .1. McCnll.v. M.I,.C.

" A. G. AnliilKild, M.l'.l'.

New Brunswick was represented by : —

Till- 11,111. S. I,. Till.y, M.l'.r.. Piov. Scr.
■' .1. M. .rolinston. M.P.P.. Att. Grii.

'• J. II. Gray, M.l'.l'.

" E. n. ("Immller, M.LC.

•• W. II. Stcfvus, M.L.C.

Prince Edward Island was represented by : —

Till' Hon. Col. Gray, M.P.I'., Pros, of Conn.
'■ K. PalniiT, M.L.c.. Att. tioii.

• W. H. Piipr. M.Pl'.. Colonial Ser.

" G. Colfs. M.P.P.

'■ A. A. Mttcdoniilii, M.L.C.

Newfoundland sent no delegates.

6. — The work of the Charlottetown Conven-
tion embraced litth> more than an interchange of ;
sentiment on the siibject of con-
lederation, and the arrangement ('imri<itiit.,wii

. , X , Ciinvenliiiii.

lor another convention at Quet)ec,
to take pb\ce at such time therealter as would \
appear most favoral)le to the (iovernor-Cleneral.
The difficulty preventing further action was,
that tfie maritimi' delegates were commissioned
only to discuss the propriety of a legislative
union. This was deemed impracticable fiy all,
and as the Canadian delegates were authorized
to treat only of a federal union, tln'ir presence
was. of course, informal. Tin; proposition for a
sulisequent conference, to l>e held at t^uel>ec, came
from the Canadian delegates. The proposition
was agreed to, and the Charlottetown Conven-
tion suspended its deliberations. But it mu,st
be remembered that the great work of this con-
ference was to ripen the now rapidly growing
sentiment in favor of a general union of all the
Provinces.

7. — The arrangements for the Intercofonial
Conference, at Quebec, were soon completed, and
the conference commenced its de- .pi,,, ,j|„,|,^,(,
li])eralions on the 10th of October, »'""i'''-'"'^^'
in the same year, all of the delegates, thirty-
three in number, being i)reseiit. There were
seven delegates from New Brunswick ; live from
Nova Scotia ; seven from Prince Edward Island ;

^
M

I by :-

soiilod by : —

)W]i Coiivon-
itorchango of

he wiirk 111' the'

h!ir!^>ttf'tiiwri

>n\oiiti>ii).

Mr as would

uor-Clciicral.

action was,

)miiiissioned

i leiiislativo

able by all,

authorized

'ir pveseuce

»ositioii for a

iiebec, came

proposition

wii ("oiiveii-

5ut it umst

of this ron-

ly g'rowiiig
)n of all the

utercolonial
iil)leted,and

irt'i-cnee.

ales, thirty-

riicre were

L ; live from

ard Island ;

TIIK COM'KDKIJATIoN.

tw> from Ncwioundland ; and twi'lve, conipris
inff ih(> whole Canadian ministry, n'prescntii'j'
Canada. The votes were taken not by pers.nis
present, but by Trovinces. The loUowina- is a
list of all tlie ti-enlh'nien wlio sat in conference :

Till- ll(p|i. Sii- Kliiiiiic 1'. Tiiclu-, I'lcinirr.
'• .1. A. Macdoiiiilil. .\tt. lien. Wi'sl.

■' (i. K. I'liitiei- Att. Ocli. Eiist.

" W. MrUniigiill. I'rov. Sec.

•' (iciiigr I'niwti, I'ri's. C'oun.

A. T. (Iiilt. Finnmc Min.

.\ Ciiiniiljrll, C(mi. (if Cniwii Liinds.
'■ Oliver J[(uvnl. l'll^tlllllstl•l• Gi'n.

■' II. L. r.iiiiKeviii, Sol. (ten. Kast.

" T. IJ'Arey Me(ii(". Mill, of Ak-

'■ .1. Corlililini. Sol. (Jell. West,

" T. C. (.'Iiii|i:ii^. ('n;ii. of I'lili. Works.

Xiir /Iriiii'irir'!.

The II..11. S. I.. Tilley. I'rov. See.
" ,1. M. .loliliston, Alt. Ceil.

'■ r. Mitelull.

C. ImsIk r.

•' K. CIl.llKllel-.

" W. II. Sleeves.

" .f. 11.(1 lii.V.

A'nrit Srnti'f.
Tlle Ilnii. I'. Tll|.per. I'rov. See.
W. A. Henry. Att. (ien.
j " It. li. Dickie.

i " .1. Mii'iilly.

I " ' .\. <l. Aivliibalil,

' Priiicr Ivilicaril hl'iml.

Tlie lion. Col. Cray. I'res. Conn.
" \',. I'almer. Alt. (ieii.

" W. II. I'olle. I'lOV. Sec.

'■ (1 Col<-s.

T. II. Ilavlland.
" K. Whclnn.

'• A. A. .Ma, ilonulil.

Xt'trf'nHn-lfilUiK
Tlie Hon. I". I!. S. Clarter, Speaker House Asseni.
" .\ nil nose Shea.

Sir Ktienne V. Taclu- was electinl cliairman by
the nnu.iimous vote of the conference. The
provincial secretaries of the several Provinces
were elcMed honorary secretaries to the confer-
ence, and Col. Hewitt liarnard was a])pointed
( •ecutive secretary. The conference sat some
eiii'hteen days in Qnebec, and the result of their
deliberations was the famous "Seventy-two
Kesolutions,"' which, in accordance with the
final resolution, were authenticated by the sig-

I nalun>s of the delenates. and were ordered to be
submitted by its dele<ra1ion to its own govern-
ment; the chairman sid)mitling a copy to the
Governor-Creneral for transmission to the Secre-
tary of State for the Colonies. After a tour
throuuh Caiuida. during which the delegates ,
from the nniritime Provinces were f,Hed in i
princely style, they separated, each deU'gation

; being pledued to tise every legitimate means to i
secure the adoption of the scheme l)y their ;
several leuislatures, and by the Imperial
Government.

8. — We now turn frtnn the convention to '
notice the proceedings in the several Provinces.
The Canadian Legislature met i.r,,,.^.^,;,,;,, i„ i

in January. 18i!5. On the -Id of ^'"" '•' " j

Fel)ruary, Sir E. P. Tacht'-, in the Legislative !
Council, and lion. J A. Macdonakl, in the
House of Assembly, simultaneously moved :
" That an humble address be jn-esented toller
Majestv prayiuL!' that she may l)e graciou.>-ily
pl(^as(Hl to cause a measure to be submilted to
th(> Imperial Parliament for the purpose ol'
unitiiiu' the Colonies ol' Canada, Nova Scolia,
New lirunswick, \eA\ I'oundland, aiul Prince
lid ward Island in one government', with pro-
AMsions based on certain resolutions which were j
adopted at a conference of deleu'ates from the
said Colonies, held at the city of (Quebec on the
10th of October, istU."' After a debate of over
a fortnight's .'nration. the resolutions were
adopted in the ( 'uncil on the 20th of February,
by a vote of forty-five to fifteen: and, in the
Assembly, after a most exhaustive and exhaust-
ing five weeks' debate, they were agreed to on
the 10th of March, by a vote of ninety-one to
thirty-three. The ninety-one who voted for the
resolutions were comi)osed of fifty-four from
Upper Canada, and thirty-seven from Lower
Canada ; Avhile twenty-five from Lower Canada
aiul eiuht froiu Upper Canada made up the
thirty-three who opposed them. After the
close of the session in April, ISii.j, the Hon.
Messrs. lU'own, Cartier, J. A.-^Iac(.lonald, and
(!alt, proceeded to iMiglaU'l. in order to confer
with the Imperial aulhorities upon the subject
of confederation and other matters connected

llll

^11

TITTLKS IIISI'OHV ((I'lJIK Do.MI.N'lON OF < 'AXADA.

! '

Ilioiewith ol' colonial and national importance.
The luipcrial Govonimcnt atiain rcncwocl the
assurances oi' their approval ot the confederation
scheme, and their desire to i)roniote its adoption
1)\ every Icuitinnile means.

!'. — In New lirunswick, the (iacliee scheme
was hrouiilit Ix-l'ore the peoi)le at the u'eneral
: i'i...(r.ii,.ir- in election, in March, ISO;"), and a

I .\,w iirM„-wi,k. House of Assonihly. hostile to
that scheme, was chosen. An anti-coniedeiation
I ministry came into power, and tliiniis looked ill
j lor a speedy success of the union cause. IIow-
I ever, alter-events provi'd that the real senti-
[ ment.s of the people oI' New ]>rx;nswick u]ion
! the suhject of confederation had not heen ol)-
tained. and that the elections of I860 had been
carried in a ureat measure by side issues. In
the session of LSdO, the Hon. A. E. Boisibrd
moved the followiui;' resolution in the Leo-isla-
tive Council, on the 0th of April: "We, your
Majesty's faithful and loyal subjects, the liCuis-
Intive Council of New Brunswick, in Provincial
Parliament assembled, humbly approach your
Majesty willi the conviction that a union of all
your Majesty's l>ritisii North American Colonies,
1 based on the resolutions adopted at the confer-
ence of deleiiates from the several Colonies,
held at (^uel)ec on the 10th day of October,
1<S((4, is an object highly to be desired, essential
to their future prospi>rity and inlluence, and
calculated alike to strenglheu and peritetuate
the lies which bind them to your lii'acious
Majesty's Throiu' and Government, and humbly
pray that your Majesty may be liraciously
l)leased to cause a measure to b(> submitted to
the Imperial ParlianuMit for the piirpose of tlius
unitiny' the Colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick. Newfoundland, and Prince
Edward Island into oiu? G-overnment.'' I lis
l']\cellcncy's reply was highly favorable to the
confederation scheme, and, inconsequence there-
of, the ministry resigned oUice on the 10th of
April. Tiieir resignation was acceiited, and a
new ministry formed, which was composed
chielly of lienllemen v.'ho had taken an active
part in forwarding the cause of confederation.
A general election immediately followed, which

resxdted in the utter vout of the anti-confede-
rates, ami the comi)lete triumph of the friends
of union. In the address in reply to the Gov-
ernor's spoe<h, the I'ollowing paragraidi on the
subject of <onfederation was carried by a vote
of twenty-seven to seven : " We know that Iler
Majesty's Government have expressed a strong
and deliberate ()i)inioii that the union of the
]5ritish North American Provinces is an object
much to be de.-ired, an<l that the lecislalure of
Canada ami of Nova Scotia concur in this ^i.'W,
and your Excellency may rely with > onlideme
on our cordial co-operation to m com]>lish that
object." On the 30th of ,luiu\ on motion of the
Hon. Charles Fi.sher. the Lieutenant-Governor
was petitioned to appoint deleu'ates to arrange
with delegates fnmi the other Provinces, with
the Imperial Government, I'ov the union of Brit-
ish North America, upon such terms as would
secure the just rights and interests of New
Brunswick, accompanied with provision for the
immediate construction of the Intercolonial
Uaihvay. An anu^ndment to defeat tlie resolu-
tion was voted down bj- thirty-one au'ainst
eight. A similar resolution was adopted in the
Legislative Council, and thus the (juestion of
confederation was settled so far as New Bruns-
wick was concerned.

10. — To Nova Scotia, it may be said, belongs
the honor of having taken the initiatory steps
which liimlly resulted in the ,.,,„„„,i„,, j,,
adoption of confederation. In ^■"™'->"'i"
the session of 1S(!1, when the Hon. Joseph
Hf)we was a meml)er of the Government, the
followiuii' resolution was unanimously adoj^ted :
" Whereas, the subject of a union of the North
American Provinces, or of the maritime Pro-
vinces, from time to time, has been mooted and
discus.sed in all the Colonies ; aiul. irlierras,
while many advantages may be secured by such
a unifin, either of all the Provinces, or a portion
of them, many and serious obstacles are pre-
sented which can only be overcome by mutual
consultation of the leadini>' men of the Colonies,
and by free communication with the Imperial
Government. Therefore, reaoleed, that His Ex-
cellency, the Lieutenant-Governor, be respect-

,.«

i> anli-conrode-
of (lie IVieiuls
ly lo the Gov-
agnipli on Ihe
riod by a vote
viKnv that Ilcr
essocl a .strong-
union of the
s is iin ohjoct
legishiture of
V in this yi<,>w,
ith tonlidonce
I'oniplish that
motion of the
iant-Crov<'rnor
t's to arrange
•evinces, with
union of ]?rit-
•ni.s as Would
■e.sts of New
vi.sion for the
Intercolonial
at the rcsolu-
-onc iii>';iinst
:loi)te(l in the
(juestion of
New Brun.s-

said, ])elo]mvs
tiatory .steps

■opccilinf^s in
va ."^i-otiM.

Ion. Joseph
rnmiiit, the
dy ado]ited :
)f the North
iritinie Pro-
mooted and
lid, ir/iereas,
ired hy such
or a portion
es are pre-
l)y mutual
le Colonies,
le Iniperiiil
lat His Ex-
l)e respect-

■:1

'I'll!': ( ox i"i;i)i-: RATION.

:!l

fully recjuested to put himself in eonimunicatiou
with His Grace, the ('olonial Seeretary. and His
I'^xeelleiii y the ( Jovernor-Cieneral of the North
Auieriean Colonies, in order to ascertain the
policy of Her .Majesty's Government, and the
opinions of the other Colonies, with a view to
the eiilinhtened consideration of a (juestion
involvinu' the highest interests, and upon which
the i)ul)lic mind in all the I'rovinci's ought to
he ;.l rest.' Now, this ,vas tlie resolution which
l)r<niL;lit about th(( Chariot ieto\vn Convention,
whicli, a.s already explained, broui^ht about the
(^>uebec. Conference. l'"or souio tiine after the
(Quebec Conference, Nova Siotia, because of the
bad effects which the dei'eat of the union cause
in New Brunswick i)roduced, took no stejis to
further the federal scheme. However, in L'^liti,
the Hon. Dr. Charles Tupper submitted the
follc)\vine' resolution to the lk>use of Assembly,
which was adoi)ted by a vote of thirty-one to
nineteen : ■' Whereas, in the opinion of this
House, it is desirable that a confederation of the
British North American Colonies .should take
place: Jltatolufd, therefore, that His l']xcellen< y
the Lieutenant-Governor l»e authorized to ap-
point delegates to arranue with the Imperial
Government a schme of union which will
effectually ensure just ])rovision for the rights
and interests of this Province. Each Province
to have an e([ual voice in such deleuation.
Upper and Lower Canada being for this pur-
pose considered as separate Provinces." As
will be seen in a subsequent chapter, the people
of Nova Scotia, in the next electicni pronounced
strongly aaainst the measure.

11. — The progress of the union movement in
Newfoundland had so far resulted unfavorably.
i'rn,o,.,iinL'< in The subject was broimht before

.\c.«iuu,uii.„.i. tj^y legislature by His Excellency

the (rovernor, in his speech at the opening of
the sesion in January, 18G6, a)id the House, in
committee of the whole on the address in re])ly
to His Exci'llency, adopted the following para-
graph in answer thereto : ■' On the important
(pu'stion of confederation, in recognizing the
solicitude of Her Majesty's Government for t he
welfim- of this Colony, we concur in the view

of your Excellency that the abstract advantages
of union are so obvious as to be almost neces-
sarily acknowledged ; whilst with regard to
this Colony, and on the details of .so grave a
measure, it is natural that much diversity of
opinion should prevail. This is a matter which
shall engaue our .serious attention.' This ex-
l)ression of opinion was carried over an amend-
ment to dei'eat it by a vote of einhteen to six.
Soon alter, at the sami; session, a resolution was
carried to leave the whole matter in abeyance
until information of the action taken by the [
other Provinces in relation thereto would be |
received. It is more than probable that had •
the legislature of Newfouiullaiul been convened |
afte:' the action taki'U by the other Provinces in |
ai)pointing deleuates to arrange the terms of
confederation with the Imi)erial Government,
its own course would have been more favorable. '

12. — Prince Edw^ard Islaiul, by its letiislature. !
repudiated the action of the delegates at the '.
Quebec Conference, but, as we i.,!,,,,. im« n-.i Mmi.i

.shallseeinasubse(|uentchai)ter, "'"' li'iii'i"'"!'"" • ^

the Provinci! recon.sidered its action and came
into the union, after the confederation was ac- :
complished by the iimr Provinces of Ontario,
Quebec, Nova Scot i > and New ]}runswick. The
action taken by Briti.sh Columbia will be re- i
corded in connection with an account of the
admi.ssion of that Province into the union.

13. — Durinii- the summer of 18<j(j, the Colonii's
which hadi)ronounced in favor of confederation
made arranu'ements for the meet- ,, ,. ., ,
ing of a conference of delegates ''"'"^wn^'- >" i:iii'ia."i.
from the several i'rovinces. lo settle the details
and determine the precise terms of the .•V<t
giving elfect to the union of the Provinces of
Canada, New P)runswick, and Nova Scotia,
which .should be submitted for adoption by the
Imperial Parliament. The several Governments
duly appointed delegates.

Upper Caiuula was represented by : —
Tlif lion, .loliii .\. Miiiiloimld, .\fli)iiicy-( icmnil.
" Wm. MrDungiill, I'mvinciiil ScLiilaiy,

Lower Canada was represented by : —

Th ■ Hum. (i, i;. (artier, Attorncy-lioncral.
' W. I'. Iliiwliind, t'iuaiicf MinLsin,

i I

il!

Tl'I'TFJlS IIISTdEY or TlIK hoMIXIoN ()!•' CANADA.

Till! Iloii, A. T. (lulf.

II. I,. I.ati,'' vili. I'ci.'.lliiiotcr-di'Miiiil.

Now I>riiii.s\vi<lv \v;is rcpn'sciitcd by : —

Tlic llurj S, L. 'I'illiy, I'mviin ial Sn rrtiuy.
('. I''islier, Alt<irmy-tiiiii'iiil.
'• r. Mil' lull, I'lisidont oltliu Coiimil.

" 1!. I). WiliiKit.

I. .M. .Ii)liii.stcni.

Nova Scotia was ri'prcsi'iilod hy :

Tlic lliin. •'. Tn|i|ii'r, I'loviiicial Sciirtiiiy.
W. A. Ikiiry, .MtiiiiK^y-liinural.
•' .1. W. Uitclilc, Solicitoi-tu'iitrul.

A. G. Aivlill.iilil.
.1. .McCiilly.

Thi'.so li't'iillfuicn int't, aicoiding to tlir :i])-
poiiitiiKMit, in Loiidon. Eiig\. i-arly in Dt'Cfnibor,
18t5tj. and inunrdiatcly proct-odcd to busiiicsfs.
The Hon John A. Macdoiuild was ('lertcd cliaiv-
raan by the unanimous voice of the ronl'erence,
and Ibv several weeks they were eniia-a'ed hile
and early in their arduous task of i'raniini>' a
nation's constitution. Lord Carnarvon after-
wards ))ore testimony to the statesnumliko (jual-
ities which were displayed in the .settlement of
sectional dilliculties, the unravelliiiii- of knotty
points, the mutual for])earance, and the zeal and
assiduity displayed duriiijj the prolonged .•?ittings
of the conference. Several of its nienibt is have
since received the blue ribbon of the Bath, audits
chairman is now Sir John A. Macdonald, K. C. 15.

14. — The Imperial rarliament met on the 5th
of February. lst!7. On the 7th, the bill for the
ton federation of the Provinces
was introduced into the House
of Lords by Lord Carnarvon, the then Colonial
Secretary, and was received with approbation
by all parties. On the 19th it was read a second
time, was passed throuiih committee of the
whole on the 22d, and on the liOth February was
read a third time. It was at once brought down
to the House of Commons, and on the '2Sih of
Febnuny was moved to a second reading. After
a long and interesting debate, during which no
men of any prominence, with the exception of
Mr. Bright, opposed the measure, the motion
was agreed to without a division. It i)assi'd
tl.irough committee of the whole on the 4th of
March, and was ri>ad a third time and linally
passed Iht^ House of Commons on the Sih of

Acti ■!' tlic Iiii-

iicrial I'Mi'liamont.

March. On the 2Kth of thut mouth it received
the royal assent, and became one of the laws of
the em]>ire. The name chosen for the united
Provinces was " The Dominion of Canada,"
Upper Canada to be henceforth called Oirtario,
and J.,ower Camvda (Juebec From Nova Scotia
alone came any serious opposition to tho con-
feileratioii .scheme after the appointment of
delegates to the Loudon Conlerence. Hon.
Messrs. Howe and Aunand went to London on
behalf of the opponents ol the union, who made
a linal ellort to throw obstacles in the \vay of its
success. On the meeting of the Nova Scotia
legislature on the Idtli of March, when an
amendment to the address in reply to tht^ G-ov-
cruor's speech lireathiui;' a spirit hostile to con-
federation, was moved, after an animated debate,
it was defeated by a vote of ."JO to 10. lint this
opposition is further described in a following
chapter.

15. — Tin- work of legislation being fully ac-
comi)li.shed. Her Majesty was graciously pleased
to i.ssue her i)roclamatioii on the .,., „ ,

*■ 1 hi' I'rnrhiiirtr.iiin

■2-2d of May, declaring that the ""i'>^^ '^''-^i"-
Dominion of Canada should commence its ex-
istence on the 1st of July, 1S(J7. ai:d ai)pointiiig
the members of the Semite. -'In tiuis brielly
tracing the history of confederation from the
time that, as a tiny seedlinii' it was fo.- te -ed in
the minds of men of far-seeing and states. aaii-
like views, until now, when it has grown iiuo
a wide-spreading tree, beneath whose siieller
rest the hopes of what promises to be a mighty
nation," it has been our object to show that it
is not a hastily conceived and ill-digested
scheui", but that it is one of gradu;:! aiowth,
towards which for years our destiny has been
drawing us, as in itself peculiarly adapted to
the necessities and tho genius of our people.
The ten years of prosperity which have suc-
ceeded the measure ami)ly demonstrate the
wisdom of its provisions.

li it rcfi'ivod
r till' liiws dl"
V the united
of CaiiiuUi,"
Hod Oirtiu'io,
Nova Scotia
to tho « oii-
(ointiiu'iil of
L'lKC. Hon.

> London on

II, who nuido
he way of its
^'ova Scotia
h, Avhcn an
r to tho Grov-
ustile to con-
aatod dol)ato,
(J. l!ut this
a lollowing

inn- fully ao-
nisiy ploasod

U' 1'i'(i('Iam:itiiiu

.011(0 its OX-

iippoiiitiug
lly

lus bill

»n I'roin tho

i'o,- CO.
ll slat.

Ill

os.uau-

yi'owu iiuo

lioso siioltor

|)o a miiihty

liow that it

|ill-dii>vsted

th,

riowtli,
;is Ijcou
daptod to
)ur pooplo.

vo sue

ha
listrato tho

^'-^^■

f''*h!i

1 U

■yif-.

4|r

-.i?;---

lr.-

"f i.?3i>»«%4i' fW 'ijM.i.s msrcfr «i '■<: »g

ir I

•\'f an(.i

ENSRAVtO EXPRESSLY FOR" lUTTLES HISTORY OF THE DOMINION'

THE SURlANO OESBARflS LITHOCOMP-

AU:

LORD JIOXCK'S ADMrXlSTIiATION.— 18(i7.

CHAriER II.

\A)Rl) M0XCK.-8 ADMINlSTlv'ATION.- iSiiT.

1. The BKaiN.\ix(t of a New Ei!A. — 2. The
TEitMs OF Tin; Union. — 3. Cei,ei!RATIon
OK Dominion Day. — 4. Deter.mix.vtion to
KOii.M A Coalition Ministry — Opposition
TO the Schk.me. — "). Meetin(". of the 1\E-
KOKM Conventio.v.— G. Hon. Messrs. How-

T.AND AND McDoidAMi DEFEND COALITION.

— 7. Coalition (.'oxdemned hy the C'on-
VE.NTioN. — 8. Reform PAirrv and Confed-
eration. — 0. TfAN of First Cahinet. — 10.
The First Carixet. — 11. IIoxous given
TO Confederation Co.mmissioners. — 12.
The lu.ECTioNs. — 1;). Results (jf the
Elections. — 14. The Coxti-^t ix Querec.

I;5. CONTE.ST IN the MaRITI.ME rilOVINCES.

1. — Till' Dominion of Canada camo inio ox-
i.^tcnce. by royal proclamation, on the lirst day

A new cTii in °^' -'"ly- '^- D., 18(57. Tlii.s was

cma.ii.n insi.„y. .^j^ ,^^.^.,,„j jVanght witli i-real.T

importance, in many respects, than any other
Avhieh has characterized the history ol' the coun-
try, wiih the possible exception ol' General
WoHb" < victory on the Plains ol' Abraham. The
latter was a victory oi' war, the I'ormer of peace.
There were not a few, who, from unpatriotic
motives — and a smaller number from honest j
conviction — proclaimed the union to be a hurt-
ful measure, and predicted for it a short and
disastrous life. But the lirst decade of its noble '
existenci' has not only .silenced all opposition,
but yielded the o-mndest fruits of national J
prosperity. The scheme of confederation has |
therefore proved successful beyond the best j
expi'ctations of its most sanguino advocates. It '
has already revealed the oTeat possibilities ofi
our future greatness, and endowed iis with a '
patriotism aiul a spirit of enterprise v, liicli are
alike requisite to the development of our re-
sources, and indispensably ciuu-acteristic of
British peoi)Ie. Confederation has furnished
Canada an i.ssuo of union, in which the best
Ihoiiuhl, talent, genius, capital and energy of

Chnriicter of the
I'jiiim cil IHHr.

the statesman, the artist, the preacher, the mer-
chant, the farmer, and the mechanic, centre in a
common fuiul of iiational wealth, from which
shall long continue to emanate those blessings
which secure the best freedom and most endur-
able happiness of Christian civilization. Con-
federation is Canada's passport to a larger and
more usefiil, as well as a happier existence.
21. — The Dominion of Canada, by the terms
! of confederation, did not become wholly a nation.
The bond of union Avith the
mother country was not broken
off, but, in the long run, substantially improved.
However, Canada, by the measure of confedera-
tion, secured a decree of freedom aiul indepen-
di'uce such as few nations enjoy, and a greater
and more complete control of her internal ailiiirs
than was pcssible to the provinces in their
separate condition. Indeed, under her present
constitutional government, Canada has the con-
duct of her general affairs nearly as completely
in her own hands as those of Great Britain are
in those of the Imperial Government, — the sligi.*^
revisionary power retained in the hands of the
Home authorities not being of a nature to render
it at all i)robable that any ill-feeling or dissatis-
faction will ever arise ; while the line dividinu'
the authority of the general and local novern-
ments is so wisely drawn that there is scarcely
a possibility of internal diliiculties in thi' admin-
istration of political affairs. The union is a
federal one of just and equitable terms, and con-
tains all the germs of strength and permanancy.
15y the terms of the act the Province of Canada
was redivided and made into two sei)arate pro-
vinces, to be known as Ontario and Quebec, the
boundaries of each corresponding to those of the
old provinces of I'pper and Lower Canada
respectively, each having its local parliament
for the management of its local allairs : the Pro-
vinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick re-
mained as they were before confederation. The
Semite was to consist of seventy-two members,
to be appointed by the Crown, twenty-lour each
from Ontario and (Quebec, and twelve each I'roin
Nova tScotia and New Brunswick, {{epicsen-
tation in the House of Commons was to lie by

Tl'TTM-rs HISTORY OF TTFH PO>ri.\IOX OF CANADA.

C.'Icl.I'Mti I'

I>"nitrii'>ii l»ii\-—

l-ri'lillU.-.H

population, basocl on the census ol' 1861, mul to
l)i' re-ad justed after each decennial census ; the
nuuiher of representatives from Quebec was per-
manently ilxed at sixty-live, and the other pro-
vinces were to he allowed representation in the
ratio that sixty-fi\ e stood to the population ol'
Quel)ee al c- aeh census. By this arrangement
the number oi' members to be elected to the lirst
Parliament was one hundred and eighty-one, of
which Ontario furnished eighty-two, (Quebec
sixt v-live, Nova Scotia nineteen, and New Bruns-
wick lilteen.

;). — It was generally desired that the Hrstday
of July, the day ui>on which, by Royal jn-ocla-
mation, the Dominion came into
existence, and each siicceeding
anniversary of the ev'ent, shoixld
be celebrated by loyal and patriotic demonstra-
tions, souunvhal al'ier the fashion of the "Glorious
Fourth of July" in the United States. But if there
were those who lu'ld sanguine expectations in
respect of this, they were doomed to pmtial disap-
l)ointnient. There was but little in the day to
stir the averaLi'e Canadian heart. Although con-
I'edcralion was poi)ular generally, it Avas (juite
as universally admittetl to be, in a measure, at
least, an experiment, and over this the people
could not be expected to celebrate very enthu-
siastically. r>esi(U\s, the Canadian people had
taken but few Ics.sonsin i)atriotism. This branch
of national I'dueation had bi'cn left to a mono-
l)oly of the Americans, while, for the most part,
we had hitherto been content with loyalty as a
hiiihcr grade of political sentiment. D now
bcMiiii III (lawn ujion the peoi)le of Canada that
iheymiu'hl add a love of country to their love of
<^>ueen. w ithoul the slightest ilamage to the latter,
and linally there was a u'cneral graduation into
the wholesome theory that Canadiiuis should be
more devoted to Cana<la than to any otlier jior-
t ion of Her ^Fajesty's wide dominions: and in
(leiiiiiiisl ration of this theory, ihe Dominion was
givi'U a Ihmof her own. wiiicii properly enough
was the liritisii Hag. but with sucli additions as
to make it. if yon please, the Canadian Jiritish
llau'. However, the first Dominicm Day, July
lirst, 1H()7, was generally celebrated as a public

holiday throughout the four provinces. Birsiness
was suspended, troops were reviewed ; pic-nics,
excursions, concerts, etc., were held. In the
larger cities, the day was one of rejoicing. But
beneath the tide of acclaim there was a small
but well defined current of dissatisfaction,
especially in Nova Scotia, and much yet re-
mained to be done before all those who had been
legislated into ixnion would become happy and
co!itented. Many of the leading men in the
r.iaritime provinces still strongly opposed con-
federation, and Messrs. Howe, Annand, Jones,
and others, went so far as to openly express a
pn ference ..'j" annexation to the United States,
V, bile a jwrtion of the Kt>form party in Ontario
■.mcl of the Rouges in Quebec, were by no means
fully satisfied with the scheme after it was ac-
complished. It is with peculiar feelings that
we now (187S), remember the si)eeches of the
anti-confederates of ten or eleven years ago. It
was our lot to lie reared within the sphere of
the political influence of the late lion. Joseph
Howe, and like thousands, we had learned to
admire the man, and, even against our political
education, to listen, with profound respect, to
his expositions of political economy. This
eloquent statesman was among the Ibremost of
those who drew doleful pictures of the ruin
which confederation, in his estimation, was sure
to work in all the provinces, and Mr. Ilowe
was not alone in these groundless crys of alarm.
Ihit since the country has the Liood fortune to
rejoice at the fivilure of these anti-confederate
prophet ies, why jiarade the names of those
gentlemen who were unfortunate enonii'h to
render a conscieneious but ill tempered op-
position to the country's best interests ? Better
by far to look at this opposition in another light
altogether, and see in it as we may, many good
results, in the way of toning down many of the
rough edges of the crude scheme, and in I'orcini;'
thos(> who favored it to work more earnestly and
faithfully to bring it to a successful issue.

4. — It soon became evident to political leaders
at least, that the great change in the form of
government, must produce a con- f.„„ii,in„-o„„„-i,i„„
siderable change in the relative '""»-••'«'"'»"'■

■ 1*

uccs. Business

wed ; pic-uics,

lu'ld. Ill the

But

rejoicing.

•e was a small

dissatisl'ac'tion,

mueh yet re- ^
e who had been '
me happy and
Iff men in the
y opposed con-
hinand, Jones, I
3nly express a

Ilnited States, 1
arty in Ontario
re by no means
al'ter it was ae-
r i'eeling-s that ,
speeehes of thi>

I years ago. It

II the sphen> oi' ,
te Hon. Joseph
had learned to
1st our political
imd respect, to

onomy. This
tile ibremost of

s of tlie ruin
latioii. was sure
ind Mr. IIowi'
> crys ol' alarm,
xood I'ortune to
iiti-conlederale
imes ol' those
ate enough to

ti'inpered op-
rests ? Better

I another light
ay. many good

II many oi' the
and ill i'orcinii'
' earnestly and
ul issue,
olitical lenders
ill the form ol'

Cniililinii— n|.|,i,-iiiciri

Ici llll' SI'llillll'.

LORD MONCK'S AD.MIXJSTKATION.— 18(i

attitude of the two great politiial jiarties. To
form a ministry that would I'oramand the hearty
support of the country at large, a fusion of in-
terests must, it was l)elieved, take place, and
old party lines be broken down, and a g-overn-
meiit formed of the ])est men, and those in whom
the country had the most confidence, irrespec-
tive of party. The Hon. John A. Macdonald.
wiio })y common consent was the acknowledged
leader of his party, and who. because of his
position in connection with the very scheme of
confederation must necessarily lead the new
government, plainly intimated that as a coalition
had to be formed in the Province of Canada in
1804 to promote the scheme of confederation, so
it w^ould become necessary to form another coali-
tion gov(n'nnient to conduct the alfairs of the
new Dominion, now that confederation had been
accomplished. This idea, however, by no means
met with hearty approval from all the leaders
of the respective parties, and was most bitterly
condemned and opposed by the " Clear Grit"
parly, under the leadership of the Hon. George
Brown. A large section of the press, led by

* riic l'llllll\vin^' lire tho resolutions ailnpled liy tin' Ciinvunlinn : 1 1

1. Minoil by Mr. IMwurd Uluke, ol Turoiilo, sucundeil by .Mr. A. I
IrviiiK. ol' lliiiiiiltuii. iinil I

liFNoi.vKi),— Tbiit Ibis Convention rouorda its hiith Kratiiication tinit the

nit and cariiust contest of the Kel'orm I'arty lor tbu ureat luineiciles ol' i ;
niircsentation by iPo|iiilalion, and loe.il eonlrol over loeiil nllairs. liiis at ij
last been erowned willi Iritiiniilnint sueeess ; ami it elainis I'nnn the |
people of rpper.Caniiibi the need nl'trratitnde dne from a just an<l Kener-
uns people III lliiise wlin.by years of self-saerilieiii).' liLbur, have iieaeefnily i
acbieved t-n'eiit and inviiluable ennstiintioiial <'bainf*'s— the aeeoinplisb-
inent of wbii'b, in olber emintries, has rarely been allained exeept
Ihriinirh the sad seeiies of armed revolution.

L'. .Moved by lion, (ieortre llroivn. of Toronto, >eeoiideil by .Mr. .1. (J.
Ciirriis of St. Catharines, and

liKKiH.vtin,— That while the new I'ederal C.institulinn lor the liiitcd
I'rovinees of t'aiuida, .\ova Seoiia. and .New llrnnswiek, diuiblle^s con-
tains obviiais dei'eels. yet we nnhesiiatinirly and .ioyfullj reeounize that the
measure, as a whole, is based on eipiilable priiieiples, and removes the

barriers Ibal ha\e lierelnfore si I in Ihe w.-iy of Knod ifnvernnienl in this

Province; and on bebalf of Ihe creal Iteforin I'arly of Ipiier Canada, this

Ciinvenlion hearlily miepis ibc new Cnnstitnlion al I in be iiiiiuKuralcd,

Willi a delurmiiialion to work il loyally and p.ilienlly, and lo provide such
iiniondmenls as e.\|ierienee from year to year may prove I" be exjiedienl.

.■I. .Moved by .Mr. Slirlim, .M. P. P., South Wellinuton, i-eenndeil by .Mr.
,fohn .Macdonald, .M. P. P.. Toronto, and

Uksiii.vkii.— Thai diiriiiK Ibe binu; and eiirne.-l slniKule of the liebirm
iMirly for rcpresenlalioh by population, and local control over local
iillairs-al lemrih happily eiubodied in Ihe new Ciinstilulioii— these re-
I'ornis were ever sieadiiy renanled as but means to the end id' secnrimr

ellii-iciil and cc bill ii.n eminent, and to brini-'iiii.' In ai, end thai Ioiik

eiiin ol reckless niisnile wbieh (in ibe words of the urcat Ucform Couven-

'' '■ IV.'i), entailed on the eo ry a "lieai.v imblie debt, burdensome

la.xalion, treat |ioliii,-iil abuses, and un'versal dissatisl'iielinii."

I. .Moved by .Mr. Adam Crooks, of Toronto, seciaided by .Mr. Pardee,
of l,anilj|on,aiid

the Globe, strongly opposed the formation of
another coalition government, and a general
convention of the lieform jvirty was called (o
mei'tat Toronto on the iTthof June, to coiisiihn"
this and other qu('.stions. Meanwhile the (iov-
ernor-General had called the Hon. John .A. Mac-
donald to form an administration for the new
Dominion which waslo be born on tlie iirst day
' of July, and that gentleman had formed a min-
istry of thirteen, six of whom were Conserva-
tives, six Kel'ormer.s, and one. who had acted
with the Iveform party for some time, but had
left it for reliiiious and personal reasons.
j 5. — The Reform Convention met in the Music
I Hall, Toronto, on the i*7th of June, IStiT. There
were Ijetweeii six and seven

1 1111 . . 1 . PcrormConvenlion— !

liuiuired tleleuates iiresent, alxiut views .,1 iion. i;e.i.
thirty of whom were members of
the old Parliament of Canada. The meeting
was called to order at two o'clock, when Mr.
William Patrick, of Prescott, was elected chair-
man, and Messrs. Spruell and Eduar, of Toronto,
seta-etaries. The Hon. tieoriiv Brow 11, in nii)\ ing
the .second resolution,^ explained at length the

Uksiu.vkii — Th..: ''oi I'imvention rci'alls with pleasure lliat Ihe people
of Canada have looked earnestly forward 'n the successful tci'ininalion of

the loiiK' strut-'i-'le of the Kel'orm partv for ri'presentalive reb.r j il,.,,v

when the la.x-iiayers in all scclions of ibe Province would receive Ibi'ir

riKhtful and eiiuilable inlluence in lhi> Slate d when by Ihe eonse.|Ucnt

a.seeiideney of rebirin iirineiples and reform statesmen in ibc councils c,f
the nation, till' scandalous abuses iiiiiler which Ihe country has so hum
labored could be swept away, and a new and better em in.'iu'jurated .- and
this Conveiilion fully rejot'iii/es Ihe ^'rave re-ponsibilily now ilevolvini:
upon Ibe Kclorin parly, by the laru'cly increased pulil ical inlluence secured
lo it under Ihe new Constitulion, of niceliiiK Ihe just e.xpcciations of ihe
country, and of ciirryini,' into ell'cct vinorously and pnuniilly those nume-
rous rebirms in Ibc prac-tical adinini-iralion of public nll.iirs lor which its
incmbcrs baveso \,n\i: oniendcd in the Ici-dsbilure and l!ir"iit'h the press.
h. .Moved by .Mr. .Mclveown, of Hamilton, seconded by .Mr. .lame.s
ViiuiiK, of Halt, and

Hksiu.vkii — That coalitions of opposiiin i»iliiieal |iarlics, bir ordinary
adniinislralive purposes, ini'vitably result in the abandonment id' |irin-
eiple by one or both parlies to the eompac't, the lowering of public
moralily, lavish public e.xpendilnre. and widespread corruption; Ihut
the coalition of Hill could oidy be justilied on Ihe irround of im erioiis
necessity, as Ibc mdy avnihible mode of obiainiiit' ,iusl reprc-eiilalion for

Iheiieoplcof I'l r Canada, and on the t-rnnnd Ihal Ihe c.impaei then

made was for a spicilic ineasare and for a slipuliilcd period, iind was to
eoinetoan end so soon as a measure was allained ; and whib' IbeCon-
veiiliiiii is thorouuhly satislied that the Itel'orm party has acted in Ibe
best interests of Ihe eoiiiilry by sustaining Ihe ilovi'rnineni until the
confederalion measure hns secured, il deems it an imperalivi' duly to
dc( hire hal the temporary all i;iiici' bi'lweeM Ihe Kel'orm andCmsiTvative
parties should now c'casc, iind Ihal no iloveriiineni will be satisfactory to
the iieople of rpper Canada v.bicb is lorinedand niainlaincd by a coal il ion
of public men hoblimt opposile poliiiciil priiuiple-.

(1. Mined by .Mr. Kenneth .M.i.kcnzic. si ndcil by .Mr llainill and

Hk.soi.vkii,— That one of the fundann'iual piinciplc'' of Ibe lieform
lairly, now as ever, is, Ihe total seiuiration of Church and .Stale, Ihe

;](i

TUTTLE'S inSTOia* OF TIIH DOMINION OF CANADA.

ol)j('cts lor which the Convention was called to-
U'cther. His speech was largely devoted to
prove the superiority oi" party over coalition
si'overninent, and many oi' the able arpitments
adduced by him have since been fully verified.
But it would not be fair to charge the leaders of
the Conservative party with advocating coalition
doctrines as a permanent necessity for the new
government ; and it was, perhaps, with regard
to this point that the greatest misunderstandino'
grew up between the two great jwlitical parties.
]Mr. Brown was, however, not th(» man to dis-
criminate, in so small a matter, and pronounced
the scheme •,. coalition as pernicious in what-
eA'er way it might be attempted under confed-
eration. There were many who fully endorsed
his views, but ten years of practical working
under the federal scheme have plainly shown
the wisdom of temporary coalition, as the best
means of quieting discontent under the ne^\
order of thiniis, and of reaching a sound and
healthy party government. Mr. Brown thor-
oughly supported confederation. To summar-
ize his .speech, he expressed a belief that if

sii|i|H>rt i'( the I'lernj'iif nil (leiKimiiiiilinns liy llii' frri' ciinliiliulluns nl'
their IMMiplLMMiil the iTi'iiirriitiuii Ly tlii' l.cu'islMtiiri' Mini lliiverniiii'nt ul'
all CMMiiili.'in." lis .'iih.ii'i'ts ul' till' (Jnoc'ii ami not in any si'vtarian ciiiiiioity.
Till' C,)ii\('iiii(iii hcMVtily n'.iiiii'i's lliat iIk' now Coii.«tilntion .<wl'u|.s away
I'l'iun llu' I'l'ilcriil aii'iia every iiueslinn iil' a .scetioiial and seetarian
eliaraeler. ainl reennls ils eiirnej*t ennvieliun that on the fiilelity with
wliieli this vital s.ifotiiar.l is rcspeetcil in tlie (iraetieal ailuiinistration of
this (idvernnient. rests the I'litiiri' hannony ami stability of the honiinion ;
anil it .ioyfiilly reeoiriiizes that Ipy the liaiisferenee to the l.et-'isliitiiro ol'
(Inlavi I of all loi'al inatleis, the I'rotestiint eleetors of rpper Caninhi will
have the oiiportiiiiity of showintr to their Itouian (_'atholic fellow-siihjeots.
that i-'eiieioii... e.insiileratioii uliieli i niiiiority oiijrht ever to reeei\e in all
free i-oiinlries at the liainis of ■! lin ly |ire|uincleriitinir majority-

7. .Moveil hy .Mr. .loliii Siiiilh. ol I lainiltiin.seediiilvd by Mr. iMeltoiiitall,
(it West KiKin. 1111.1

lUsiiiM.!'.— That it is alike the duty anil the desire of the Canadian
|ieo|ile III eiiltivale the must friendly relations with the lleiKllllllrill^' peo-
ple of the I'nited Stales, and es|ieeiiilly to iifl'er every faeility for the
extension of trade and eonnneree between the two eonntries. The Con-
vention aniieiiiates with idcasiire that the day is mil far distant when the
(iovernnient of the Kepiitilie will mmlity their restrii*ti\e eonimeri-ial
poliey towards the ISrilish Ameriean Colotiies : iind while holdiim it the
true Canadian poliey li iiioli diliirently alioiit for new and iMofnalile
miirliiis for the prodnits ol the Itomiiiion. whereve Iheyean he foainl.
iiiid while well .-ati-lieil that sueli markets exist in other foreiirn lands.
fiill>* as liiiM-ati\ e as those heretofore enjoyed, yet IhisCoin ention reiranls
it as the diil.v of the Canadian .Adininistration to meet franklx and ennli-
iilly any nverlnres from the W'asliiiit'tnn (invernmenl for a new treaty ol
eiimmcreial reei|iroeily between Canaila and the Kepiiblii'. exlendinu
overii lixeil term of years, based on ei|iiilalile |iriiieiples. and eonsisteiit
with the honor of bnlh eonntries.

H. Moved by Mr llodBins. nl Toronto, seeonded by l>r. Ilnll, of West
York, and

UK.sdi.VKli.— That this Convention reeords il^i great SHtifaelion that llie
|icii|ile iif .Niiva Seotiiiand .\ew Itrnnswiek are hereafter to be iiniled with

the government was a purely party one, con-'
It-deration would prove the greatest l)lessing
the country had ever known, but if a coalition
government was formed, confederation might
prove a cixrsc instead of a blessing, for it would
lead to more corruption and political immorality
than had ever been known before. He defend-
ed the coalition government of 18i]4, of which
he was a member, on the ground of its being a
political necessity, and the only means of bring-
ing about confederation ; but now that that end
had been attained, coalition had served its piir-
pose and should not again be resorted to. He
contended that representation by population, a
proper adjustment of the revenue, and many
other important and necessary reforms which
wtmld bo gained by confederation, were the
! results of many years' unceasing elforts of the
; Reforin party of Upi)er Canada, and held that it
, was only fair and just that that party should be
the one to carry out these reforms ; but, even if
! it were not, and the Conservative party came
j into power after the elections, he thouuht it
rwould be far better for the interests of the

the iieople of Canada under nno (Jnvorninent and l.eRislatnre : and it do'-.s
this the more heartily hceanse it well remenihers that the same long
lialtle for popular risrhts and soeial and material j vo^rress was fmicht and
won in these I'rovinees. as in (' mida. by Heforin statesmen iiKiiinst the
bitter opposition and hostility of the Tory parly : and heeiiuse it at'rees
hat the Kreat and inlliiential Kehirin parties of those I'rovinees hold
I iiriiieiples essentially in unison with those of Canadian Keformers. and
that their representatives will he found in the Federal Parliament of the
new lliiiniiiiiin the earnest and able advoeates of just, etlieient, and

ee ileal livxislalion : and this Coir eiition entertains the hii|ie that the

day is not tin distant when .\ewfiiui;i|| I. I'rinee Ivlward Island, and

liritish Columbia wiM form part of Ihe huminioii of Canada, upon tonus
satisfaetory to Ihe peii|ilo of iliese important Culonies.

1,1. .Moved by Mr. .)os. liymal, .M.l' P.. South Wenlworlb. seeonded by
Mr. P>oek. of London, and

Kksiii.vi:ii,— That this Convention heartily reioiees that, under the now
Ciinstitulioii. the barriers that have stood in the way of eordial sympathy
between the Liberals of Lower C.inada and Ihe Kelorm parly of Ipper
Canada, have been totally removed : it itr.ilefully remembers Ihe aid
reeeived from Ihem in hours of trial, and it antieipales ulTolly that the
lime is not far distant when the Keformers of I'pper Caii.ida ma.v be able
to repay the oldijjations then inenrred.

III. .Moved by .Mr. . I. (I Ciirrie. of St , Catharines, seeonded by .Mr. lirit-
toii. of Killt^<tllll. and

Hi sill. V — 'I'hal the adv anlajre to be derived by the people ol Canada

from the new CiMisiitiilion. as well as the future pmi-'ress of our eoiinlry,
will very mill h depend on the ellieieiiey and eeoiioiny with whieli Ihe new
Koveriimental maehinery is adininistered ; and this (!oireiilioii renanls It
as a llrsi duly of Ihe Ueform represenlatives in the new Leifislatiire to
apply Iheiiisehes to a IhoroiiKli overhanliiift of the departmental system,
the eurtailinenl of the hivisli aiinniil expenditure, the enforeemeut of
strict eeimomy ,n every bran. di of the puhlie servieo, Ihe gradual lii|nida-
tioii of the puhlie debt, and Ihe red net ion of the eusloms duties as rapidly
as eonsisteiit with maintainii.i \he puhlie faith.

U.MovedbyMr.Moyle.ofHerliu.sieoniledbyllr. rraser.of.Monekland.

I . J

)arty one, con-"
atost hlessinii'

if a coalition
('ration miii"ht
X, for it would
cal immorality
". Hu dt'f "nel-
son, of which

of its being a
leans of bring-
■ that that end
served its pur-
sorted to. He
T population, a
ue, and many
•eform.s which
ion. wt>re the
;■ elibrts of the
lid held that it
arty should be
s ; but, even if
ve party came
he thouiiht it
teresls of the

Kisliiliiri' : iinil il (1"'.'.<
s tliiil llii! HiMiui Imig
iijrrt'ss was t'niit-'lil tiiul
liilesmuii iiRiiinsI the
mi biH'iiuse it ii^rrces
H'<Q l'ru\inoos \n)]t\ t
li:tii |{('1'<iriiiors> and 1
III I'liriiMiiu'iit of tlic !
if jiisi, L'tlicicnl, mill
lis till! iidiic liiat tlie j
Kilwiiril lsiiui(l,iiiiil
t'aiiaila, upon Icrins

ntwurlli. soc'iiiilt'ii !)>■

Iliiit, miller llio now ■

"f c'ciriiiiil syiiiiiatliy

'liiiiii party nf IppLT

r('iiM*nil)('rs liii' aiii

ipatcs ulTiilly Ihal tiii'

■ Can. I'll nia.> lui al)!i'

ici'nii.lr.l liv .Mr. lirit

ill- pcnplt' 111 (Vntiila

iri'ss of unr I'nnntry,

\ with wiiii'li till' new

"II' I'Mliiin ri'KaV'ls il

iii'W l.i'Kislaltirc to

I'.irtmcntal s\sli'ni.

I til' cnforrcnH'nt of

. I lie ;<i'ailiial li'inidii-

s ilutieit a.'« rapidly

■la.ser.iifMiini'kland.

I.OIJI) AIONCR'S ADMINISTRATION.— ISC-

country for the Reform party to hold togt'ther,
and present a firm and united opposition, so as
to act as a wholesome check on any attempts at
reckless extriivagance or eorruption on the part
of the party in jwwer. lie strongly denounced
those members of the Reform ]>arty who favored
coalition, and most especially the Hon. W. P.
llowlaiul Mild lion William Macdougall, who
had accepted seats iu the then proposed new
cabinet, and claimed that after the Reform
party had fouuht a long and hard light and
gained the victory, it was now tisked. by the
terms of the proposed loalition, to give up all
that it had won. go down on its knees and
humbly ask to be permiited to follow according
to the leadership ol lion. John A. Macdoiiald. It-
would bo hard to jiraise the Reform party too
hiuhly for the great achievements which it has
wrought for the benelit of the country; but in
the one matter of confederation, that party
could not justly claim to have contributed so
niueh as the Conservatives, and was not, there-
fore, entitled to more than a second place in the
new government. This, it ajipcars, Mr. Brown
declined to accept, and endeavored to persuade
his friends to take a, similar stand. Had his
advice prevailed, his party would, no doubt,
have obtained control of the government a year

l!i:siii,vi:ii,— Tiial in tlir opinion of tliis Cnnvi'nlion oni' of the tirsi and
most inii'ortani duties of ihe liovernnient ami I.eifislalnrc. under tlie
reloniu"! Coii^tilul ion. will liollie inipvoveniuni of the internal naviication
of the lonntry.

11.'. .Moved l)y Dr. Mellill, of Hamilton, seoonded by Mr. Jackson, and
lU:soi.vKli.— That one ol tlie iinestions most dei'iilyaH'ceiinir tlie stability
and future pnwress of our eoniitry, is how we shall at I met to our shores a
larue li.le of Kiiropean emit-ration : and this Convention is of opinion that
this hichly important end will best be attained by a thorouub reform of
the Crown-laud departiuenlal synteui ; by eMeiidiiin to proposiii); settlers
the utmost faeilities for aseerlainint- what piiblie lands are in the market,
and seleet intra ml pro|ierly seeurinu; their titles to the lots they may seleet !
by the Imposition of a ; peeial tax on wild lands held liaek from eultiva-

tion fur ,-peellhltiM' purposes in sellled townships; I by the speedy

opeuiru: up fur >i'ltlement and i-ultivatiou of the wreat North. Western

lerritiiries ; and the Convention reeords its i vietion that the small sum

that may lie extraeteil tr.im the settler for his lot of wild la"il is of no
eonsiileralion wh.iiever in eomparison with the rapid oceiipaliou of the
soil by a hardyand iudiistrinus population.

l.r Miivi',1 by Mr. .\- M.'K'ellar. .M I'. P.. Ilothwell, seeonded by .Mr. It.
M. Rose. Kinirslon. aud

lii:.siii,vi;h.-Thal the development of the vast mineral resoiirees of the
eoiiutiy has been seriously retarded throiuiii the misinanaKemeut of the
Crowi) Liiids Di'partmeiit— miners and eapilalisls ha\e been driven to
other eoiiiitries where Useless deparliiii'iital reslrietioiis and annoyimc
uueertainilies ami delays do not stand in the way ot pmirress, ami lame
Irai'tH of the best niiiieral lands liaviin: been Imlied up in the hands of
UU're spei'ulators. 'I'his Ciiuveuliou is linuly of opinion that a system of

or two .sooner than it did, but, in such a course,
it is not clear that the best interests of the
country would have been so well protected.

().— The lion. Messrs. Howlaud tuid Macdou-
galj, who had accepted the portfolios of Inland
Revenue and rut)lic Works, re-
.speetivelv, in the new cotilition la'nd'aiid'Mai'dom'r'aii

, . ', . 111-,,. defend eoaliliou.

cabinet, being both lielormers,
were not only denounced for this breach of poli-
tical faith, in the speech of Mr. Brown, but tm the
evening of the lirst day of the convention, the lifth
resolution was read and passed, condemning
them severely for the same act. TJiese gentlemen,
in their turn, canu I'orwiird and defeiuled their
po.sititms, setting forth the political necessity,
which, in their opinion, existed, for forming a
coalition government. The Hon. Mr. llowland
claimed that by virtue of the union old party
lines had been swept away ; tliat the L''overn-
inent to come into existence under the new con-
stitution had. at that time, no declared policy.
and that it was unfair to attack it before il had
announced what it intended to do. He b 'lieved
that new issues would arise and an honest
opposition be formed, but considered oppo-
sition for opi)osition's .sake unjust aud iin-
generuus. He stated that he and his colleagues
had consented to join Mr. Macdonald because

.survey and loeation, enablim.' aelual operators to know -vith eerlainty
what mineral lauds are in the market, on what londition seleetions nniy
be made, ap'l how enterprisinn explorers may promptly and easily seeiire
the fruits of their labor, would speedily pro.lnce ,'in iinnieiisedei olopment
of the minenil imliisiry of the I'rovini'e ; and this Ciunenti..u recants it
"'.' ureal iiublic iniportaiiee that the ard.ioiis and v.ilinilile labors of the
settlers in our mineral regions on the north shores of l.ak.s Huron and
Superior, and in all other sections of tlii' I'rovinee, entitle them to the
eimsideraliou of the (bivernment and l,ei.'isl.niiire, in the improveineut of
themeans of eommuniealion and the supply of amide postal faeiliiies.

14. .Moved by .Mr. William Keeles, of St. Catharines, s led by .Mr.

Itadelitl'o. of .sJonlh Ontario, and

liKSDi.VKP,— That this Convention reeords iis belief that the protrress aud

.'oeial happines>- of the p le would be greatly luomoled bv ihe pa-saKe

(d'a well eonsi.lered homestead law by wliieh seiilei-. uiay Iv luouey,

hi.neslly their own, to the '.'haseof a farm or hoii-e.aml set it .'iside by

publie reRistration for the lieuelil of their families, without lialiility to
I'utnre ereditors.

oiith ilri'v, si'i'omb'd by .Mr. M.-ileoln

:r,. Moved by .Mr. Halnli-h, of
Camphell.of Kiklord, aud

Hksiii.vkp,— That anioim nnmerousi,|her.|iiestioii< di-niamliui.' the early
and earnest attention ol the iloveriimeiit ami l.eL-islalure are, an .\et for

the windiiKf I f insolvent ii rporated i|.anies,a revision of the

I'atent Laws, a stringent .\udit .-XeLapplioable to all publie expemliiures,
Ihe establishment of a I'rovineial .<yslem of iuslruetion for ||„. |,|i,„| ,„|,|
deaf and dumb persons, and the orKanizalion of an improved system nf
publie statistieal retiirus for eoininereial. sanitary, and iieueral pur-
poses.

II'

\ i

•'! I

:is

TlTTLF-rS HISTOIiY OF T]IR DOMINION OF CANADA.

li-

Ihi-y (Oiisitlcvcd that I lie Liivat Liberal jiarty of
Upper Canada should Ix- represented in the iir.st
«a])inet of the Dominion, and also because he
did not think they should desert those Refonnors
of \ova Scotia and New Brunswick, who had
worked io zealously to aecomplish the union.
He deprecated unnecessary ajvitatiou, and said
that an impression would be given in Eimland
that the Reform party could never be satislied,
but must always be ai^itated on some subject.
Hon. Mr. Macdoua-all followed in a similar
strain ; he denied that coalitions were immoral,
or that they necessarily tended to promote ex-
trava£;-ance ; he defended the course he and his
coUeauues had taken as the only one they could
honestly and honorably pursue, aiul said that
he was willing to submit their conduct to a
higher tribunal than that Couveiilion — to the
decision of the [)eoi)le. whica would soon be
given at the general elections. Upon the v hole,
the lion. Messrs. Ilowland and Macdougai: ^ade
a most creditable defence, and in not sustaining
their views I he convention failed to express the
sentiments of the country, as the result at the
polls afterwards proved.

7. — On the following day the debate on the lilth
resolution was resumed, when the Hon. Alex.
,, .... , , Mackenzie, of {..ambton, after-

''*""''""™"' ■ wards Prime Minister, delivered

a very able siieech, in which he abused Hon. Mr.
Macdougall, charginti' him with having deserted
his i)arty. and with proving recreant to his prin-
cijiles on obtaininii' power. He contended that
a man should never advocate a ]>rinciple while in
Opi)osition which he was not prepared to stand
l)y at all hazards when a member ol theOovern-
ment. He made vigorous charges against the
then incoming (Jovernment, the severest of
which was that its members contemjdated exer-
cising' undue inllueiu:e at the elections which
w ere then a]>proaching. Mr. Mac'kenzie made
a decided impres.sion upon the Convention.
Addresses were also nuide by other members of
the Convention, and some amendments oll'ered
to the resolution, but they were all \ oted down,
and the resolution as originally read adopted
.Imost unanimously, very few voting against it.

Coiircili'i-iili'Mi.

All the other resolutions were adopted unani-
mously, and the Convention adjourned the same
afternoon sine die. (J pen the whole, its delibe-
rations were purely partisan and characterized
with such unanimity as to leave l)ut little doubt
in the minds of Conservative leaders, that w hile
<onfederati'in might soften or change old party
lines and policies, it w^ouldnot abolish either.

8. — The Reform Convention, of which we
have just closed a brief account, was a timely
stroke in the management of that
party, and one which produced
an epoch in its history. As a party, it received
a serious blow by the success of confederation.
AVhile in many notable instances life long Re-
formers gaA'e tln> measure a hearty support, it
could not be forgotten that much of the opposi-
tion to the scheme emanated from Reform ranks.
This dilemma, together with the convenient
cloak of coalition, craftily supplied by the Con-
servatives, induced many, who could not see
how the party could be held togeth(n', to join
the popular cause and the then most popular
l)olitical organization. In these thmas we have
ample uround for the decided stand taken by
Hon. Messrs. Brown, Mackenzie and others
against coalition, and in favor of party Govern-
ment, so that it is diihcult, even at this late date,
to render a decision, were we disposed to do so,
for or against the claims th(>n put Ibrth ))y the
Conservatives in behalf of coalition. The most
we can vei.ture in opinion is, that while the
plan enabled the Government to adjust and
perfect the new Federal machinery, and to quiet
such discontent as w^as championed by Hon.
Mr. Howe and Nova Scotia, it weakened the
inlluence of the regiilar opposition and delayed
the benefits which the country is now reaping
from a legitimate party Government. Of the
two evils presented at the time the latter w^as,
perhai)s, the least.

0. — No one was surprised when His ICxcel-
lency liord Monck, the Gov'iior-treneral, assign-
ed to Hon. John A. Macdonald

, ,.,,. ,, , , „ ,. . .1 I'laii III 'Hr.-^l Culiiiiet.

the diihcult task ot iornnng the

iirst Ministry under confederation. It was

absolutely necessary that, whichever jiarty was

'.m

[opted unani-
iuhI the same
lo, its dolibe-
charactoiized
xt little dcmbt
!rs, that while
ii<it> old party
DJish either.
>[' which we
was a timely

lii riirin ii^irty iirul

ty, it received
confederation.
; life long' Ile-
rty support, it
of the opposi-
Reform ranks,
le convenient
d by the Con-
could not see
L>'eth(M-, to join
most popular
liinus we have
and taken by
and others
iirty Govern-
this late date,
)osed to do so,
Ibrth by the
The most
.at while the
;o adjust and
and to quiet
ned by Hon.
■eakened the
and delayed

in.

now reaping

lient. Of the

le latter was,

n His lixcel-
Mieral, assign-

Miiii 111' tirst Caliinet.

on. It was
er iiarty was

LOJil) MONX'K'S .VD.MIXISTRATION.— lSt57.

in power, to conduct the business of the country
suecessrully, the Government must needs be a
strong' one, -'one which could command a larue
majority in the House, and be enabled to carry
out its measures fearlessly, without incurring
the risk of defeat at any moment, at the whim
or caprice of two or three members, as had been
the case in the old Parliament of Canada, and
in order < -> accomplish this, great care had to be
exen ised. Mr. Macdonald aeted with great
judgment in his selections. He aAoided any
attempt to form a Ministry entirely out of his
own party, but wisely determined that all the
Provinces and both political parties should he
rt'presented, and, as nearly as possible, in accord-
ance with the relative str<'ngth and imiiortance
of parties and Provinces, in the new Cabinet."
r>ut we have, in his own language, the ideas of
Hon. John A. Macdonald as to how the new
Ministry should be formed. He said : — •' I
desire to l)ring' to my aid, without respect to
parties in the past, gentlemen \vho are in tht»
present trovernment wOio wer(> active in bring-
ing about the new^ form of Government— w^ho
used their inllnence to that cud in the diflerent
sections of the Confederacy. I desire to bring
to my aid in the new Government those men,
irrespective of party, who represent the major-
ities in the ditferent Provinces of the Union. I
do not want it to be felt by any section in the
country that they have no representative in the
Cabinet and no inllueme in the Government.
And as there are now no is.sues to divide parties,
and as all that is required is to have in the Gov-
ernment the men who are best ada])ted to put ,
tlie new machinery in motion, I de.sire to ask |
those to join me who have the conlidence and '
repre.sent the majorities in the various sections.
of those who were in favor of the adopti.)n of
this system »f Government and who wish to see
it satisfactorily carried out." And the Conserv-
ative Chieftain cannot be charged -^vith dcpart-
inu' from this plan in forming the following j
Ministry, which was the lirst undei the Federal
Union of 1867 :— !

Hon. John Ai.knani)i;ii ArAcno.vAi.i), Con.icrv.itivi', .\I. I',, Oiit.ivici,
I'lcinier unci Mini.stiT of .histiic.

Tl- ■ lii-tCjI.ini't.

Itox. Ai,E\ANiiKU f'AMi'r.KM,. Coiiscrviit i vc, Sc'iiiitor. Oiiliirii). I'ost-

uia.-^ti T-tioiu'ial.
lIiiN. .\i)AM .loHNsoN l-'Kiior.soN I?l.Aii!, liiifoilii. Sriiatof. Ontario,

I'lLsideiit of tlii; I'livy Coimtll.
Hon. William Piaiick Howlano, K( 101111. .Al.IV. Oiitaiio, .Minii^UT

(it Inland Kcrcniio.
Hon. William Maiooimiall, K.foiin, M. 1'.. Ontario. Miui.^^tiT of

i'liMir Work.-i.
Hon. (iKOiioE Ivi'iknnb Cahtikii. ( 'oii.servativi'. M.I'., (.iihlni', Miii-

iritiT of Militia and llrfeni'i'.
Hon. Ai.K.NANDKit 'I'lLLocii Galv, ( 'onsiTvati vc, M. p., lincln'c.

Minister of l'"iiinnco.
Hon. .Ii:an Ciiarlks Ciiai'Ais, CoiisiTvativi', Senator, yui'l'i'c, .Min-

jsliT (if .Vfiricnitiiic.
Hon. Hkitoii I.orm Lanoevin. Conservative. M. 1'., (Jiicbec,

Secretary of State of ( 'aiiada.
Hon. Sami 1:1, I.KoNAiiO TiLLEv, H' foriii, M. P., New l!niM.s\viil«,

Miiii>tir of ( ii.stonis.
Hon. Pkteii MiTciiKLL. Piiforiii, Senator. N'ew I'.ruiiswitk, Minister

of Marine and Fisheries.
HciN. AoA.Ms Ueoiii.e AiiciniuLi), Iti'foriii, .M. I'., Nov:i Scotia,

Secretary of State for tin' Pro\ incts.
Hon. 1''ii\vaiio Ke.\nv, Senator, Nova Scotia, neceivei-deiii ral.

10. — Thus, indeed, was coalition thm-oughly
introduced in the now Government, and a
Ctibinet formed which contained
as much permanent strength as
could luiA'e been secured by the ajipointmeiit of
any other thirteen persons in the Dominion.
Ontario being the wealthiest and most populous
Province, was given five members, three of
whom were Reformers, that party bi>iiig in the
ascendancy in the Province. Quebec was tiiveii
four representatives, all being Con.servatives, as
that ]»arty was in ti larger majority in that Pro-
vince ; two members each were given to Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick, all beiiiii' Reformers,
with the excei)ti()n of lion. Mr. Kenny, who
had been a Reformer lo.' many years, and a
member of the Governmen! of Nova Scotia
under the Premiership ot H<<u. .Tosepli llnwe;
..'.U when that gentleman introduced some
measures antagonistic to the liouuin Catiiolic
Church, Mr. Kenny, who was a member of that
faith, resigned his seat in the Ministry and after
that acted in opposition to the Reform party.
It will be o1>serA cd that the Seiiiile was repre-
sented liy live members, two from Ontario jind
one from each of the other Provinces ; it appears,
therefore, almost impossible that Mr. Macdonald
could have made a more e(|uitable distrihution
ofniiicesin i^arrving' out his idea that all llie

i(it

ft'

i! i
11

TrTTLK'S HISTORY OF TIfK DoMIXIOX OF CANAr»A.

I'i'i)\ iiicos mid hotli politiciil i)avtifs should l)c
as I'liirly ivprosi'iitcd as possible in llu' new
(.'al)iii('l. It may ht- iicic stated, that in makiiit;-
appoiiitmtMits to the Senate — which were lor
liie — the same spirit of i'airness was preserved,
the iiumher of seats i'or each Province bein<r
evenly dividecl l)et\veen the two jiolitical parties,
so tiial the lirst Senate of the Dominion con-
sisted <>1' thirty-six Kelormers and thirty-six
Qoiiservatixos.

11. No sooner iiad his Excellency Lord
Mouck been sworn in as Govornor-treneral,^
II..M,.,- 1.. ,ii.^tiM Avhieh took place at 11 o'clock
-ullutV,;:',',';;'''''''* on th.' first day of .Inly. 1807, at

"""'■ '• Ottawa, than he announced that

lie liad been instructed by llov Majesty, throuuh
the Colonial Secretary, to confer the title of
K.C.B. on Hon. John A. Macdonald in con-
sideration of his distinuuished services in l)rint;-
iiio- al)out (!on federation ; and the title of C. !».
on tlie other members oi the London deputa-
tion, the Hon. Messrs. G. E. dirtier, A. T. Ualt,
W. r. Howland, W. Macdougall, S. L. Tilley.
and Charles Tapper. Tlie honor was subse-
(jueiitly declined by ]Messrs. Cartier and (lalt.
but ;iccei)ted by all the others. One of the
ciia'i^es l)rou!ilit about l)y coni'ederation was
the api)ointment of l.ieutemint-Governors [or
tlie I'rovinces by the Federal instead of the Im-
peiial Government, and Sir Narcisse F. Belleau
was immediately commissioned Lieutemint-
(lovernor of (^uel)ec. while the senior military
olhcers in tlie otiier Frovinces were temporarily
appointed to act pendiiui' the commission of
civil oiiicers; thus Major-General Henry William
Stisted was api)ointed LieutencUit-Governor of
Ontario: Major-General Charles Hastinas Doyle,
of New lirunswick, and Lieutenant-General Sir
W. Fenwi.'k Williams, of Kars. Hart., K.C.H,, of
Nova Scdtia. *

1:2. — One of the results of tht? federal union !
was ti) produce an exciting' contest at the polls '
at the lirst general election. The
camitaign began furiously as

I'niiliriil i.--iic.<
111 llii^ l'l■l>^illc•l.■^'

•Tliriiiilli wiM iiilinihistciT'l tn l,<inl .Vtcinck liv Chief .Iiistii'C Dnipcr,
rill' nlliiT .liiiliii^' |irf«i'nl liciiiir Cliii'l' .lii^^ticc Itichiircis iiiiil .liiili.'e.>< !
lliiKMriy. Wili'nii anil .Mnnili'lil, wlm yigiiuil lluir iiaiiii's m witne»r«8.

soon as it was known that the Union Act pawed
the Enulish Parliament. Party lines were con-
siderably broken, at least in name, and the
words, -'Conservative" and "lieforra" gave
way to tho.se of Unionists, anti- Unionists,
Coalitionists, and anti -Coalitionists. Excite-
ment ran high I The whole country was
aroused, and there was not to be found any man,
or woman, in cither of the four Provinces, so
unintelligent as not to have some sort of oi>iiiio;i
to express on the subject. In Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick the central, and in fact the
only question mooted was Union or anIi-Union.
for althouah the (Queen's proclamation had been
added to the Act of the Imperial Parliament,
the enthusiastic Nova Scotians could see Repeal
in the face of it all. It w^as the Hon. .loseph
Howe who shaped the political issues of the
Liberals in that Province, while the lion, Dr.
Tiipper delined the positioti of the Conserv-
atives. The words of these able statesmen
were caught up by the masses in their resj)ec-
tive parties and heralded throughout the length
and l)readth of both the Maritime Provinces,
but Mr. Howe soon had nearly the whole of his
Province following him. In New Brunswick
the "Anti"' fetding was also very stroni;-, and in
both Provinces there was so much talk about
annexation that, we are bound to say, the feel-
ing of loyalty had reached an el)b so low as to
be dangerous. In evry respect the New Eng-
land States allbrded the people a jnore accessible
market for either buyinu' or selling, than either
Ontario or (Quebec, and all the [)r(mii.ses that
coidd be made on the strength of the Inter-
colonial liailway, were insulhcient to persuade
them against the belief that the i)roposed con-
federation would work great advantages to the
Canadas at the exjienise of the Lower Provinces.
In Quebec the contest was a jiaity one l)etween
Rouges and Conservatives, but the former
caught the disloyal ideas of the maritime anti-
Unionists, and entertained an expressed desire
for annexation to the United States. However,
there was nowhere in the country a settled
jxtlicy of annexation. It was the mere creation
of deleated partisanism, — an outburst of mis-

iiion Act jiawt'd
liin's were coii-
iiiuuc, iiiul tlu>
Itorovra" ii'ivvc
iiuti- Unionists,
mists. Excitc-
' country was
found any man,
Lv Provinoos, so
> sort ol' opinion
*^ova Sfotia and
md in i'aot the
n or anti-Union,
nation had been
rial Parliament,
ould seo Kopoal
he Hon. .Joseph
al issues of tin-
le the Hon. Dr,
)f tlie C'onserv-
al)le statesmen
in thi'ir respee-
iliout the length
[lime Provinces,
he whoh- of his
\v Brunswick
stroiu:', and in
uch talk about
to say, the I'eel-
ib so low as to
the New Eni^-
more accessil)le
ing, than either
l)romises th;it
of the Inter-
nt to jx'rsuade
proposed eon-
.antaues to the
\ver Proviiu'es.
ty one between
the former
inaritinu' anii-
xpressed desire
:es. However,
xntry a settled
mere creation
tliurst of mis-

LOKD MONCF\S A DMINISTRATIOX.— ls<iT.

iruided radicalism,— a sentimi>nt which did not
live a sin;>-le year in the liearts of one hundr.'d
intelligent people in all Canada. In Unttvrio
the (|ueslion generally narrowed itself down
to on." ol coalition or anti-coalition, — that is,
till' opposition was not to the scheme of
confcdevation itself, but to the form of liov-
ernniciii which < outederatiou had called into
existence. PuhHc opinion was so excited that
the government decided the sooner the (piestion
was settled the better for the peact> and welfare
of the country, and, therefore, concluded to hold
tlui elections as six-edily as possible. Elections
were not held then as they are now, simul-
taneously throuiihout the Dominion with only
one dav's polling: then the writs were issued a
few at a time for such districts as the govern-
ment pleased to select, and voting lasted two
days. There was an imprcBsion that confeder-
ation changed the law in this respect, but it
was an error, and the elections were held in the
old way, those for the House of Commons and
the Local Legislatures taking place on the same
day. This plan worked great disadvantage to
the Ifeformers, was unfair to the oppositioii, and
has, happily, Iteen superceded by a better
system.

]:'). — The manner in which the elections were
conducted gave the coalitionists every possible
advi.ntatie. The writs were is-
sued from Ottawa on the seventh
of AuiiMst, and the government, naturally,
selected sonu? i)laces where it was considered
to have great strength, so that a number of the
early elections went in favor of the Ciovernment
candidates l)y acclamation, the iirst election in
Ontario beim;' in West Northumberland, where
the Hon. .lames Cockburn was n'turned to the
Hcmse of Commons without opposition. The
elections in ditlercMit constituencies followed
fast on eacli other's heels, as many as a dozen
a day sometimes occurrinii', aiul it speedily be-
came evident that the great bulk of the people
in Ontario and (vUiebec heartily endorsed l)oih
confi'denition ami the iiovermnent, and that the
latter was assured of a larg(^ majority, no matter
who the eii'i tions in Nova Scotia or New llruns-

I'esults (if the

L'K*r!inliii.

wick re.'^nlt'd. In Ontario the priiu'ipal interest
centered in South Ontario, where the Hon,
(reoruf lirown opposed Mr. T. N. tJibbs the
(Jovernmeiit caiulidate. On leavinu' the Coali-
tion Cabinet of 18(!4, Mr. IJrown had a'uiounced
his intention of retiring from pul)lic life, liui at
the solicitation of his. friends he consented to
stand for South Ontario, where lie wa-^ person-
all v po|>ular. aiul where anti-coalition princi-
ples were supposed to prevail. " Imoiu the
close of the Iveform Convention on I'sih .lune,
Mr. Ibown had been unceasing in his ellbrts
against coalition, and had unsparinii'ly used all
' the inlhuMice of the 3/i)he to defeat the new
administration, .so that, as he was the repre-
sentative man in the anti-coalition party, the
contest was watched with keen iiit^'rest. 'flie
<ampaign was <'xceedingly aclixc on both sides,
and each party put forth its utmost clfort to
inllueme converts to its side. The contest
attracted more attention also from the fact that
South Ontario was one of the Iirst four places
in thi> l'ro\ ince where the (|ueslioiis al issue
wotdd be put to the test of a vole, the previous
elections having been by acclamation. The
other three j)laces were Kingston, Carleton aiul
Ottawa City, and the votinn' took place on the
2(jth and liTth of August. At the close of the
iirst day's polling in South Ontario, the Aote
stootl a tie at 1.0n2 each, aiul the excitement
reached fevi'r pitch ; but the knowiiui' ones
prophesied that ..>•. Brown, actinu' on a well-
-known axiom of his, that 'one vote polled
before twelve o'clock was worth two after-
wards,' li'ul put I'orth all his strength, and that
^Ir. (lil)bs would be elected. And so the e\ent
proved, for on the secoiul day Mr. Brown only
polled 2I(i votes to his opponent's :2ST, .ind Mr,
' Cribbs was elected by 71 votes. This dei'eat
'had a very deiiressing etl'i'ct on the anti-
coalitionists, and there is little doubt but that
many waverinu constituencies were L;ained to
the Government by it, and the anti-ccilition
movement losl much of its strenmh. Crovern-
ment candidates were also elected in the other
constituencies contested on li'lth and :27lh of
Auffust, Sir .ri)hn .\. Macilonald bciiiL;' clirti'd

I I

li^

TI'ITMIS IIISTOIJY ;>F TIIP: DOMINK^N OF CANADA.

Till' cliM-IIuKs ill

i'iv\iiiii- i.r (iihi

by a vote of 7"54 iii^fainst 142 polled lor his
opponent. Mr Stewart. Alter this, the eleetions
ill Ontario (oiitimied to uo steadily in laxor ol'
the (i()\ cr'Uiient, and oiilyahout lirtem Oppo-
sitidii and Independent lueinhers were elected
init of eiuhty-t\v(p."' This v ■ ult, as tin' reach
will observe, was eontribntod in no small
niea.sure by the skilliil niana<i-einent ol' tlie
eleL>tions. rendered po.ssibie by the nnl'ortnnate
terms (lithe l;iw tlien rei^uhitiiiL;' suih matters.

14. — 111 the Province of (^>iiehec, the ('oiitest
centered ill Montivid, ][ere the lion, ^lossrs.
dirtier and McOee, both ol'
whom are now dead, were the
Government candidates, and were opjiosed by
Lanctot and Devlin. -An attempt was made
to crciite ill-leeling among the I'riends of
Messrs. ('artier iind McGee by statements that
the latter had been sliiilitcd by the I'ormer, inas-
mueh as he had not been oti'ered a portl'olio in
the new Admini.stration while he held one in
the old Parliament: ])nt Mr. Modee comiiletelv
refuted the statement and snid that he had
voluntarily olli'red to waive iiny claim to a seat
in the new ministry, as he saw that it was
necessary for some cf its members to retire so
as to make room for t. ose to be ajipointed from
the Maritime Provinv3s. as, otherwise, there
would be more members of the ministry '';aii
were at all necessary, or Parlinment would be
disiioscd to sanction: and that as Mr. Edward
Kenny, an Irish Ifoman Catholic, had taken his
])lace, he saw no reason for his Irish Catholic
friends to fancy that they had in any way been
slighted. Th(> contest between Messrs McGee
and JJevlin wa,; extreimdy bitter and personal,
and there is no doubt but that to it, in a
measure, may be traced the murder of Mr.
McGei' in Ottawa, on the seventh of A])ril,
iMiS. The Fenian element was str<mg in I\Ion-
treal at the time of the raid in 180t!, and con-
tinued so for some lime after, and Mr. Devlin
was accredited with entertaining very warm
sympathy for 'the cause,' while Mr. McGee
strongly opposed it. This led to a large amount
of ill-fetding between the Irish members of the
Conservative and Reform parties, and the public

meetings of ^loth candidates were very turbu-
lent. At the close of the second day's polling,
when Mr. M<Gee was declared elected by a
maji.rity of -1)1^. an attack was ma<le on Mechan-
ics' Hall, where he had his headquarti'i's, and a
serious row ensued, dnrinii' which clubs and
pistols were freely used, and several persons
were severely injiired. No lives, however, were
lost. Mr. Cartier was tdected to both the House
of Commons aiul the Local Legislature by lariic
miijorities. As in Ontario, the elections went
steadily in favor of the Goverumeni. and out of
the sixty-four members elected, only twelve
were iu opjxisition to the Governmi'iit. No
eh'ction was h-dd in Kamouraska, on account of
a riot occurriim- on nomination day, which
necessitated the postponement of the el(;( '(ni
until after the meeting of Parliament." *

lo. — The elections in the Maritime Provinces,
which occurred on the iHth of September, were
hotly contested. In Nova Scotia
the result was the complete de- iii'tii!- Viui'iTiiK'
feat of the L'nion party, eiyhteen
of the ninet"c:i constituencies lieing carried by
the oi)ponents of eonl'ederation. Cumberland,
the native county of the writer, was llie only
eonstitneney in the whole Province which
tdeeted a supjiorter of the GoAn'rninent, and had
the Government not been represented liy the
Hon. Dr. Tui)i>er in that cotinty, who was by
all odds the strongest candidate in the lield, the
Union cause must have been defeated in Cum-
berland also. The doctor Avas ojiposed by Hon.
William Annand. of the Halifax Chronicle, the
strongest anti-Confederate in the Province,
always exceptinu' ]\Ir. Howe, — and gained his
seat ])y the slight miijority of seventy. Hon.
Mr. Archibald, Secretary of State for Provinces,
was defeated; and, beiim- unable to obtain a
constituency, was subsequently o])liged to re-

■TIk' iiljovc iKiM.mit ol' llio I'iMili'sl ill .Miinii-eiil, ivliit-li is in ■luiitiifioii.''.
is rrmii Ilie iicn ol'ijiie wliii lius tiiKeii iiu imrt in pcililii-s, niiil wlni liii." no
preindici's on llic snhjoct. tn siioh nmUor.s, upon wliii-Ii iiiiiny oT ni.\'
riMiliis will ilonlille.ss lie vt'i> si'n.-itivu, I linvi' >ou(jlil with ilic urcnti'.-t
pains to liivcst o\i_'r.v sliitcniont of the sliu'liiost .ippcuraiu-f of piirtisan
li'clin'i. iinil, in imrsnit of this mil. ha\i' sik-cccIoiI in liriniiinir to \\\\ jii.l
tho .imlt-'iinail nf tliosc u\ I'r.v way eoinpi'tfiit ami ri'li.iiili'. Thontih iml
iilwiiys iMTiniltciI to nsc the inniH's of pt-rsons i-vniK-rintr sin-h assistani'c.
I si'C'k lo (Vliniil till' cnsioiiniry iii'kniiwl('<l).Mnunt hy the use of iinotalion
nmrlts.— (.\ It. 'I'.

(loVKIlNMKNT (»r F.()i;l> MOXCK — l>^"iT KIK'ST I'.\ K'M AMRXT.

r(« very turbu-
day's polling,

fleeted by a
li> o:i Mt'ihiiu-
iiitrli'i's, nnd a
rh rjutis and
■voi'iil pevsoiiE !
liowevor. were
oth till' House
iitiire by larjre
lections went
■111. and out ol'

only twelve
eminent. No
. on account ol'
I day, wliiih
)!' the (■](.■( '(ni
lent."' *
ime rvoviuce.'^,
ptember, were

Till- ,-U..-iiHMs
in tin' .\I irilimi-
l'rnviniM'>.

ing' carried by

("uiulx'rland.

was the only

lovime which

nient. and had

Isented by the

, \\iu) w^as by

1 the Held, the

■ated in Cum-

>osed by Hon.

Chronicle, the

|he Province,

d gained his

venty. Hon.

for l'rovinc<>.^,

'i to obtain a

'bli<>-ed to re-

■licli is ill >|ii()t;iMoiii«i
llit>. iiiiil whfi liMs no I
Iwliii-li in.-iiiy ol' m.v j

III Willi Ihc KVCHtl'.'.t I
|tf;ll';llu-t' nl' |i)lliiriall
I Klillliillt.' In lil\- tiiil [

li.ihlc. Tlimiirli not
■iiiK fiii'li iifsL-itiincp.

liii- Hiiv of <|IIOllltioll

siu-n his seat in the Cabinet. He was the only
uii'niber ol' tlic Government who was not clcrt-
cd. Messrs. Howe, Jones, and all the ieailiiiu'
anti-Coalitionists — except Mr. .\nnand — were
returned, and the Local Legislature was almost
entirely anti-Union. In New Ibunswiek the
result was almost as complete a victory I'or the
Government as Nova Scotia was a defeat, lor
there, twelve out of the lil'teeii members were
returne(l ' ■• supporters of the Govermneni ; .so
that the Maritime Provinces together sent thir-
teen supporters and twenty-one cpponents of the
Government to the first rarliament of the
Dominion. Takina' the four rroviiices, it will
be found that three of them pronounced most
unmistakably in favor of confederation and the
Coalition Government, while one was just as
pronounced in its want of loniideiice in both.
Leaviim' out Nova Scotia. I'our-iifths of the
members elected from the other Provinces were
supporters of the union who were, also, either
sui)i)<irters of the Government or willing to
allow it a foir trial beiore condemninii' it ; in
I udiiiii- Nova Scotia, with its eighteen op-
position votes, the Government had still nearly
two-thirds of the House as its supporters, so
that it -was far stronger than any (iovernment
which had been in jiower in the old Province
of Canada for many years, and liad an ample
majority to enable it to carry out those measures
which were thought most necessary to ensure
the cticctual win'kiiui- of the new Dominion.
"NVe cannot conclude this account of the elections
without noting that lioth parties were charged
with using money very freely for corrupt jiur-
]K)ses; the Globe, in an article on the sixth of
September, says : " Never before in Canada have
votes commanded such prices or found su( h a
buoyant market as during the present i ontest."

CHAPTER in.

(lOVHJlX.MKXT ()!■' LOHD MONCK— ISGT— FI IJ.ST
PAHLIAMENT.

1. FlK.ST CllANOE IN THK DOMINION C.VIHNET.

— 2. Cai'i'hon Appointed Speaker of Sen-

ate.—:!. OPENINO OK THE FlHST DoMINION

Pakmame.vt.--4. Dehatk on the Addisess.
— '). Speech of Hun. Joseph Howe.— ti.
Spi:ecu of Hon. Dr. Tuim'ew. — 7. Indem-
nity of Mi-.mhers.— 8. Dial K'eprksknt.v-
iioN ; Independence ok P\i!i-i\mi:n t.—
!•. Fiii.sT Part of the Fik-st Skssion-Legis-
i.ATiox.— 10. Postal AiiiiANOEMENT.s ; 1'ost
Offici-: Savincis Banksi.— 11. Intf.rcoi.on-

lAI- llAII-WA^.— 12. MiSCELLANEOrs LeoIS-
LATION.

1. The great Conservative leader now found
himself uearinu' the goal of his ambition. Con-
federation was an accomplislied

, , , , -, l"ir-t cluiiii.'f

hut, — and i veii the loud demaiuls in tin^ Mi-i

^ , l> iiiinii Ciiliiiiot.

for repeal w I'.'eh Hon. .losepli
Howe sent up in behalf of misuuided Nova
Scotia, did not alarm the premier, llesides. his
eovernment had .secured a strong majority and
the then approachinii' session of Parliament
could be frauuht with no special dauuers tt> his
policy. D was not louu' alter the elections lie-
lore thellrst session of the Dominion Parliament
was convened, but the short interim was by no
means barren of results. — results which lo.'-t to
Sir John one of the ablest of his miuister.s, —
Hon. (now Sir) Alexander T. Gait, the Minister
of F'inaiice. The chaniic in the Cabinet was
caused by the failure ol the Comim>riial l!aiik,
W'hich occurred on the 2i2nd of (>clober. We
say the change was caused by the failure of this
bank, and yet there was nothiim' in the circum-
stances surroundiim' the laiiure, to which tlie
change can be reasonably traced. During the
last session of the tdd Parliament of Canada, a
Currency Act was introduced by Mr. GaU, w ho
was the Finance Minister, w Inch provided for
the issuing by the Province of •$•">, 000,000 in
legal tender notes, which were to be eirculated
by the banks in litni of their own bills, ihey
being allowed a commission of liv*; per cent, as
an offset against the loss they would ofherwire
sust'v!n by the withdrawal of their own notes.
Ihe banks did not avail themselves of the
privilege to any great extent, except the Bank of
Montreal, whose President, Mr. King, managed j

"IKK

II li

1 1

Ti rii.iis iiis'nti.'v (M'liii: imimimon di" ('anai>.\.

to cinulafi' a lal•^■o <|ii;mtily of the liox crniiu'iil
iioti's, ri'a|)iini- a coricspoiuliim-ly lavuc i>iolit.
Of ( otirsc iliis transaction had a (liiiiiauiiiL;'
clii'ii u|iiPii tlic (iri'iilat'oii ol' oiIht l)aiilv.s and
niav liavf n'sulli'<l in ronsidcral)!!' cnihaviass-
nicnt to till' {'(inunciciiil Hank, l)ul to wlial cx-
tc'iil. is ;■• nialliT (pf (li«id)i. Wlim lln' iailcr
l)ani< i'aili'il. certain joninais.niiposi'd to Mr ( ialt.
loroniosl ainoni>' which was the Toronto GInbr,
iindiTtook to throw tlic wliolc rcs|)onsil)iiiiy of
tlic lailuvc upon llic ( 'nrrcncy Act, and nn\(h>
hitter atlacks upon its autlior. chariiinii' him
with lavorilisui to the Iiank of MuntreaL and
(daimiii'j that ids whule iiscal poHcy was a
laihiri . linhM' the pressiire of tlicse cliarii'cs
Mr. (!ah resiijned his portfolio, for reasons
whicli he suhseqnently explained in I'arliamcnt.
It is not onr mission to criticize the charires
nia(h' atiainst Mr. Cialt's Iiscal policy, hut Wi'
cannot ri'frain from coiumeiidins' the course
which the Finance Minister adopted. < >n ex-
l>lainin!4' his action in Parliament he pleaded
the neci'ssity of increased attention to his
private allairs, and the unjust attack made u])-
011 him with refereme to the i.dluve nf the
('omiiier<ial Iiank. < )winii' to the latter he con-
sidered that \\\ii usefulness in the government
would be impaired, for a short time at least, as
he could not feel assured of the .ordial and
hearty sui>port of the I'pper ('aiuuhi nienihers.
lie plediicd himself howe\ er to continue as a
private ineinl)er, and await the develoi)mentsof
time to justify his acts. While we now believe
that time has fully exonerated Mr. Gait, the
failure of the bank, was no doid)t, in some small
measure, at least, precipitated by the advautaii'e
taken of the liovernment notes by the Bank of
^lontreal. but this was not the prime cause of
the failure. That was to be found in the reck-
less mananement of the bank, which had been
run, to a larii'c extent, in the interests of a few
indi\iduals. Aside from this nearly one-half its
capital had l)een invested or sunk in bonds of
the Detroit and Milwaukee IJailroad, which
were practically worthless, as they paid no in-
terest, and AV'cre not convertible into money.
As we shall see, Mr. trait was succeeded in the

Finance department 1)\ Hon. (n<>\\ Sir) John
liose, and the change, altiiouuh unattended by
any well authenticated chartrcs from tiie oppo-
sitinii, was the iirsi clue liiven to them iij)on
wiiich lo assail the uov eriiiiient.

-. His l']xccllency. Lord Mollck. the (luver-
iior-( leiieral. upeiied the lirsi Dominion I'ar-
liamcnt in iiersoii, on tin' seventh ,, , , ,
of Ni>vember, l.sdT. Mr. .los(>ph si..,k,r..i.i,..s..i,„tc
Iv ("auchou was appointed Speaker of the Sen-
ate. Tiiis liave rise lo considerable dissatisfac-
tion, but of such a ciiMiicter as not to weaken
the jiovernment. Mr. '. auihon had not Ikhmi a
member of the Leuislativc Council, and was
(uily elevated to the Senate to lill the vacancy
caused by the apiiointnu'nt of Hon. (aftewards
Sir) N. F. Helleau to the liieutenant-dovernor-
ship of (Quebec; some of the other Senators,
who had for many years |)revious been Leuis-
lalive ("oiuu:illors, therefore felt somewhat
sliiihtedat beinu' passed over, as it were, for so
youm; a Senator: but Mr. Cauchon had been
of ureat ser\ ice in the Province of (Quebec in
atlvocatim;- Confederation, and his lireat per-
sonal inlluence was, uiidoid)tedly, of much im-
portance to the Union party, so the leaders of
the government thonuht that his services shotild
be recounized. and oli'ered him the Speakership
of the Senate. The appointment was not a
l)opular one. and even the Leader did not at-
tempt to defend it on any other ground than
that of necessity. In its issue of sixth of
November, when announcing the appointment,
it says: — "We do not pretend to say that the
api)ointnient will give general satisfaction to
the Senate. That it was in contemplation had
for some time been known, and considerable
objection to it was nnide. Mr. Caiichon was
not previously a member of the Senate, and it
is objected to that he is appointed Spiniker over
the heads of old members of the Legislative
Council at the very time he conies into the Sen-
ate to lil! the vacancy created by the resigna-
tion of Hon. Mr. 15elleaii, I ieuteuant-Crovernor
of (Quebec. The anomaly is striking enough,
no doubt, but it cannot be denied that Mr.
Cauchon"s claims on the Administration, and

ii<>\\ Sir) John

unaitcii(l('(l l)v

roiii I lie (i|>i)0-

lo tlu'iii upon

I'k. (lie (in\i'V-

Jomiiiioii I'ar-

Ciiiii'hoii a|t|>niiiii'>l

I'v ol' tho Soii-
l)Io (lissiitislac-
iiot to wcakoii
lad not hcon a
iicil, and vva^
11 the vacancy
(Ml. (al'tcwai'ds
,ant-(r()vciiior-
llior Senators,
Ls hci'u Lcii'is-
I'lt somewhat
it were, lor so
ihon had l)ot>ii
ol' Quebec in
li.s areat per-
A' nuich im-
he leaders of
rvices should
Speakership
was not a
T did not at- |
"rouiul than
ol" sixth ol'
appointment,
say that the
iitislaclion to ;
mplation had
considerable
'auchon was
'enate, and it
Si)eaker over
Log'islalive
into theyen-
tlic resiii-na-
nt-(rovernor
inii' eiumgh,
ied that Mr.
stratioii, and

<it>Vi:i;NMKNT Ol" l,i»i;i» MoNCK isiiT^I'II.ST IVMII.IAMKNT.

i:>

we may say on thi- lountry, wow paramount.
In the districi ol' (^)ueber, he i^ Ity lar the
stronu'est in<li\ii!ual public man. and in llie
Province III' (^>u<'bec. alter Mr. ( 'artier, he w iejd.s
tlie lari;e>l measure n\' popular power. At
syreat sicrilice nl personal I'eelinii. he took a
prominent jiarlin llie pn|)ular advocacy ot'Con-
I'edcration ; and il is srareely too much to say
that ir he had not made that sacrifice, the dis-
trict oi (^iiebee would have a very dill'erent
verdict on this (|Ue.^tion. \\ ithout o\ frratiiiu'
the inllueii. e ol' an individual, il ma\ well l)e
doul)ie(l wheilier tiie riovini-e ol' Quebec
Would have u'iven more than a verv feeble
majority in fav<n- of this national measuri-. .Vs
he Could nol be olfered a seat in the Privy
Council, we think he is fairly entitled to the
position he has attained, and we coimratulate
him on iiis appointment."

•"!. — The opening- of the lirst Parliament of the

Doiiiiniou of Caiiaila was an event of unusual

interest, and is worthy of mori>

lllirniii).' 1.1 llic , . . •'

iir.-t i'cMMiiii..ri til. 11 a iiassmii' notice. At two

o clock on the 7th of Xovember.
a (|Uorum of the Senate beini'' a.sseiiibled, the
clerk read th" proclamation of His Excellency
the (loveriior-lieneral. summoning the Hon.
^Ir. Cauchon lo the Senate, ;\nf\ apixdntiny him
to its ])resideiicy. Mr. Cauchon at once an-
nounced that His J'A-cellency's pleasun> had
been communicated to him. T!ien, ihc mace, a
relic of old formalities, was borne to the foot of
the table, at which the <lerk and other ofhcers
of the Senate were seated, and the Speaker,
advancini!-, took the oath of ollice. and seated
himself in the chair. He then administered the
oath to the clerk, and the chaplain opi-ned the
proceedin-is with inayer. And it was well that
this should be; a pau.se in all the pomp and
ceremony, whereby Canada was assert iiiff her
national strength and dignity, to confe.ss hum-
bly her insigiiiiicaiice and unworthiness, pray-
ing that He. "Who alone is strong-, and Whose '
Kingdom endur.-s, would endue her rulers with
wisdom and enlighten her councillors with
righteousness, and would bless our beloved
land with peace and plenty, and be our sword

and our shield. Pray»'rs are scarcely conchided
when the lioom of cannon outside announced
the arriv al of His Mxcelleiicy. A nioiiienl later
atid the Senate rose and ru^llecl liomaLic lo (he
representative of K'oyaliy. lli> l-lxceljeiicy
Lord Moiick eiilcied in militarv t-osiiime. al-
tended l)y a brilliaiii sialf, in seariei coal>, while
feathers, gold lace and decoralii>iis, and pro-
ceeded to take his seal on the 'I'liroiie. The
I'sher of tin- HIa<-k Rod was desired to |irocced
to tln^ Commons, and retjuest the immediate
attendame of that House. In two or three
minutes the Commoners poured in. headed by
their clerk and the lion. Messrs. Howlaiid and
dirtier. His ICxci-lIency remarked iliai he was
surprised that the Commons jiad iiol elecieil a
Speaker, and in set phrase command, d tliem to
do so, ar 'o reappear at the bar of llie .Si.uMte
on the followinn- day at thre(> o'clo' k. Subse-

j (juently the task of eleetiny- a Si)eaker was

; undertaken in ilie Houm' of ( 'oiiniioiis. .-^ir
John A. Macdoiiald proposed, and Sir (ieorye
E. Carlier seconded the appoinimeiil of the
Hon. James Cockburn. member for West \or-
thumlxM-land, who had b.-eii solicitoi-di.uend
lor I'pper Canada in the old J'arliaiiieiil. No
other nomination was made, and Mr. Cockburn

was elected by acclaniatioii. ( tn ihi' I'ollowiii!.;-
day, at three o'clock, the ( !ov crnoi--* ieiieral de-
livered the formal opening Speech I'loiu the

Throne.* The speech, after coimralulating the

•The r.illi.wiiiK i> llie lull uvxl ii! ll.i.' Siievi-li :
//<(). . 1,'nilh nil 11 './ Ilir S. iiat. —

li'inlli'W II nf ihf ilniiif iif f',,uitii'ittii~

In ni|ilrc.<siiii: lur llie llr!*! liini' the l\irli;iiii.'iil;ir\' rei-re-^otilali^ .•- <it

Ihc Diiiiiiiiinii 111 Ci III. I ili'siri' t'l uivf cxriieysiiui tii my uwii ilei'i.

reeling nf Kriililk-'iliiiii. Iliat il liim liocn my hiuh |.rivil.';{e tn oiTiipy an
iilIiiMiil |in.«itiiin whii'li lia.i miuli' it my .liily In a-si.-t a. mery sti'|i taken
ill Ihc eiealion iif me irreal Cniil'e.li'r.iti'.n I i'i.ii:.-ratiilale ymi on thu
li'Ki.'laliv.' sail, tinn wlii.'h ha.^ Iummi L-ranle.l liy ihu Imperial I'arliiiiiieiit
InlheAi'lnl' I'liinii, umlei- llie pniv i^iims nf wlii.'h »e are linw a.-.<elii-
hle.l, andnhieh has lai.l Ih.' rmili.lalinli nf a ii.'W iialinlialily. Ili:il I i ril.tt
ami helieve Hill.er.' Lhik. e.vlen.l il.< li.iiiiiil- li.,m ihe .\(laiiiic In tho
I'aeiliclleeaii.

In Ihe .lis.iis.siiiii.s ivhich proceile.l Ih.' inlrn.lii.-lion .if tliir- mca.«iirc in
the Iniperial Parliament. lieUveen Ihe ilnvernmenl on the niic!<i.le ami
Ihc ilelej!iite- ivlin lepreseiile.l the I'riA iiuc' nnw united on Ihe iitlicr. il
w.i.s apparent In all ivlin Innk part in th.-se .nnlurenees tlial. while licr
.Vlaiestj's .Vlinisl.-rs ennsiilere,! ami pre.«.-.M| the priii.-iiile ..f iininn a.s ii
.iiilijcel nl j-'iial Imperial inieieH, they alli,»,il in tin. I'invineial r.'pre

Kcnlalives every Ireeihiin in arranu'int' Ihc nm.l whi.li thai prin.-ipiu

.ihnnlil he earrie.l nut.

In a similar spirit nf r.speet Inr yniir pri\ ileii.s as a free ami self
KoierniiiK penple, the Aet oflninn tts ad.ii.teii liy the Imperial I'arlia-

ii i

4fi

TrTTr,F> HISTORY oF TIIK DOMIXION' OF CANADA.

Houses on the consxinimatioii ol' <oiii'<>(l(Malii)n.
stiitod thiit measures for cavryinu' tlie siuue into
practicjil elfeol would he submitted : these
wouhl iuchide Acts reiiuhitimj' and assimilalinii'
the curi'eney, taiilK exeise and postiil hiws of
the Provinees : Acts I'ov veg'ulatinu' and oon-
trollini:' tlie jmhHc works and proiuM'ty ol' tlie
Dominion ; the manas^'eirienl ol' tlie militia :
care ol' the Indians: issu', 'x olpattMits, and the
natiu'alizatiou of foreigners, liills would also
lie su1)mitted for the assimilation of the ('rimin:il
laws of the dilU'iviit rrovinces. as well as the
laws relatinii' to bankruptcy and insolvency ; as
well as an election law and one relatinu' to I'ar-
liamentary privilei>-es. Special reference was
made to the Intercolonial luiihvay. the buildiuL:-
of Avhich \vas one of th" stipulations of confed-
eration, and an Act prcc lised with regard to it.
as well as others with r.'iereiice to the extension
of Western teri'ilo;v, and the care and develop-
ment of the lisherics and nuirine interests.
Altogether the speech foreshadowed a lariie
amount of nec(\ssary leu'islation. Avhich would
1)0 (piite eiioutih to kceji the House busily
employed for sonic time to come.

4. — On the retirement ol the C'<numons. on the
.second day, to their owi; hi' ruber, .somi" routine

ini'nl iiBpiiscs llic iliily, iiml confers on .'oii th( riulil "C rciliiciriB l(i
linr.-IicL' its s.\>toin nl' (lovonniH'iit wliicli it bus oiillrit into i'.\is(c?i''o. (tl
i'i>i)so1iiliitiiiR it> io^lii utintis, Iiiiriiioiiiziti; i's jii(iiuni>initivc (U't;uls,;iii(l

I of inakiim siicji luuisjulivc prov isi.ni> ;is \ <ll ..irnirr to a t'tn :-"itiilioii in
?J0tnp rospci-ts n<»\ol. ;i tiill. t'nir juitl MiiiircJiiiiifOiJ trnil.

[ Witli ilir cU'^it'ii of I'llicliriif lln'-c nli.iiM'l-. ini'ii.-iirfs nill lie hiiil li(.'l'..rc
yon lor ilic ,'iini'ii<liniMit iiiiil ik.'^>iinil,ition of the liiw? now t'xi.<lin(f in llic

j Mcvcriii I'rovinci'." rulatinK to cnrrency. ('U.Hloins, u.vci.^o iinil ri'vcnnc ircn-

i iTiilly; for llii; ii<|o|ition of n nniforni |io.<tiil i-y.^ti'm ; for tlio loopci-
iniiniiin'nu'iit imil niiiiiiteri;iiii o of pulilii' works iinil tlio iiropcrtii's of tlio
lioininion ; for tliu ii(lo|)li<)ri of n \vull'i'onsiilor*><l .^t'luMno of miiilia

' tir(riMii/.iitio>i ninl ilotLMwe ; for tlic ]0'o]>i>r loltnitiislriition of Iniliiin

1 iilViiii's : for tin.' inlrmlni'tioii of nniforni Inws rcfinilinu iiiitont.^^ of irn I'li-
tioii in 1(1 tli>f.\ ci y : tho iKiIiinili/iitioM of .-ilioiis : iinil tlo' ;i<<iniil,iliori of
the iTJininiil l;nv mm<I tin- Inw- rt-lotinff to lninki'U|itfy inid in-^olvcnry.

A ini'a.'ori' will niso be .-^nlnniitoil lo yon for the pfrfonnjiiioo of the
ilnty iiniioM-(l upon Cnninbi iinilor tho t('rin> of ibo rnion Act. of innnoli-
iilcly I'onslrMilinii tbo Inli'rcobmi.il Uiiilwiiy. 'fliis irreiit \V(n-k will loM
II pnifliojil mill phy.-ii'iil foiinoi'tioii tti tho lrKi,'-liili\ o IjoihI wliifh now
nnili's llir I'rovinre." niiiipri>iiiK tlio lloM.inioii ; iiiiil tbo libonilily willi
wliii'li III" uniiriinti'c for llio i*o.-<t of it« I'onslrin-tioii was n'wvw l>y tlui Iin-

j pcriiil I'lirliiiiiioiil is II now proof of tbt; lii'iirly iiiloro-l felt by the llrilisb
people in \oiir prosperity.

Voiir I'oii^i.li'i-iKion will iilso be in\ile.l to the iin|ior(iiiit snbjei-t of
Wcflcrn terril'iriiil evtvnsinn. jtiol voin- iittentinii will be ealli'-l tn tlie
best ineiins lor tlie lOnleetion iiimI ilevelopnielil of our li-lieiies ami
niiirine iiiteresi.s.

Von will also be iiskcil to eonsitler ineii.siires ileliniiiK (lie pri\ ilexes ol
ParliiiniiMit, fiiiil for llie e^tiiblishment of tiniforiii laws reliitiiiK to elee-
liuiix. luid tliu trial of euiitenletl elecllunx.

busiu(\ss was tran.sacted, when i,,,],,,,,, „„ n,,.
Mr. Dorioii inquired of the liov- ■•^'''''■''"'•
erninent in reiyard to rumored Cabinet chaiiu-es.
This iirouffht Sir John to his feet, when he ex-
plainiMl that Hon. Mr. Archibald, Secretary of
State for the Provinces, havinii- failed to seciuv
his seat in the House, had tendered his resijiiia-
lion. which had ))een accepted, and that he held
ollice only until his successor was appointed;
also the lion. Mr. (ialt. Minister of Finance, had
tendered his resiiiuation, and held his portfolio
only on the same terms. The address in reply
to the spiM'ch from the Throne was moved in
the IIou.se of Commons, on the eighth, by Mr.
Fisher (X.B.), seconded by Mr. Desauluiers. and
the debate on the adoption was continued until
the lifteenth. when it was carried without a
div'sioii or an amendment, the whole deliate on
the subject partakinu' more of the character of
personal explanations than of criticism of the
proposed course of the ministry. The first
lirtind feature was the onslaught of Hon. Joseph
Howe, and the terse reply of the Hon. Dr.
Tupjier. (ireat interest was manifested in the
course \\ liich Mr. Howe would ])Uisue. for it
was pretty well understood that his action
would be sustained by his anti-ton/z't/CA' from

The eireiini.s|anee,< under wliieli the Aet of I'liioii eaine Into upeialion
ri'iiilereil it iiiipossible lo obtain the as.ient of the l.ei-'islatnre to the e.\- ]
penditiire neeejisary bn* ttie ordinarv- earr.\ iiig on of the bii.sino.".'* of the j
(ioveriiMient. 'I'he CNpeiiditnre since the lirst ol .In'y ba.i llnri'bire been
earried on on the resiMoisibilit.v of tho .Ministers of ilie Crown. The de-
tails of that e.xiM'iiditiire will be laid before yon and submitted lor your
sanelion.

1 hare direeted that estimates bo- the enrreiit and KiieeeediiiK liiiain'ial
ye.ir shall be laid bebire yon ; yon will lind that tlie,\ liaM' been framed
with all the attention to eeonoiny which is eninpiilible wiib the miiiiileii
mice of elfn-ieiicy in the dill'erenl branehes of llie pnlilie -erv ice.

//'<H. (ii tttUlln II illltl ti'ritt/' nil II —

The general oriiani/ation mid elllcieney of the voliiiilccrs and militia
liiive been (ireatly improved williin the last year, and tlie whole \oliiiilecr
biri-e of iiniiirio and IJnehoe is already, by llie liberality nt the Iniju'rial
(lovernnieiit, armed with breoeh-b'adini.' ritles.

I am happy to be able lo eonxraliilate you on the abiindani Inirv est with
wliieli il ha.s pleased I'rovidcnee to bless the eounlry. and on the iieneral
pros|ierity of tho Hominion.

Voiir new nalioiialily enter.s on its course backed b.\ ibe moral support,
material aid and most ardent irood wishes of the MoiherCoiirlry. Wilhin
your borders peace, security mid prosperity prevail, and I lerveiitly pray I
that your aspirations may be flirected to such IiIlIi and patriotic objects, :
ami that ,\oii iiia\' be inspireil with siicli a spirit ff moderaiion and wis-
dom, as will canst^ \oii to render the ureal work of I'nion which has been '
achieved, a blessim: to yourselves and .\onr posterity , ami ii tresli sliirlinv
point in tlio moral, poliliial and nniterial advaneeiiienl of Ihe people of
Caiiadii'

■f

••S

adc

wa:

])ec

lih
sp.
Sc.

coll

-4

— . — _

|li'li:llc ..M llu'

'■

ibinot chan<>vs.

't. whoii he ox-

il, Socvftary ol'

ail(>(l 1o soiiiro

red his n'si<>iiii-

:■';-'-':

nd (hat he lidd

ras apjioiiUi'd ;

ol' Fiuaiito, liad

d his porU'olio

ddross ill rt'ply

>'-;,

was inovi'd in

eighth, by Mr.

esauhiiev.s. and

ontiiiu>'d until

ii'd without a

hole (Ichatc on

■■■■>;

ic character ol'

ritici.sin ol" the

ry. The ilrsi

of Hon. Joseph

.■■"'>'

the Jlon. Dr.

;v|;

nil'ested in the

imr.sue. I'ur it

hat his arlioi'i

■ V/V:

•confn'ues rrtun

f:lIIU' illtii n|n'l':lhtih
l.i'i-'i'^lnliiri' t" till' c.v-
»1' the husiiio.^s nf tlu' :
:'y hiLs lliiicI'Dri' lici'ii
iIk' rniwii. The cli'-
d sitijiiiittud for \oiir

ll PIIOOCI'llillK lilMIIII'illl '

(■> Imvi' liceii IViinii'il
ililr Willi llir iniiiiilc'ij

ilit' >*'l\ ii-u.

iliiiilcirs .'iikI iiiillli.'i
(I llic nh"li' Miliiiitci'i' '
nilily <i| llii' liiiiicriiil j

il>iiri(l;iril liiirvc-l wiili
■>". tiiiil tin till' {.'I'ru'rnI

l>\ lln' ttiiiriil siipimrl,
iilici I'oiiiilr.v. Williin
■M\A 1 IVrvi'iilly |iniy I

.'Ml'l [mlrinlir nlt,((M'(.i. 1
IMill'lMlinll ami \vi.«- I
mt'll w lllrll llll.* llCH'll ]

tiiiil II h'l'sli sliu'ting

ll'lll n| till' IMMiplf nf

(iOVHKNMKXT Ol" LORD MONCK -ISO?— FJT?ST PARLiAMKXT.

Nova Scotia. AVher th(> lirst i>arajrrai)h of the
addri'ss Irom the Throne was \n\i to the House,
it Itrouii'hl the great orator to his feet, but lie
was niueh more moderate than had been ex-
pected, and while attacking the manner in
which Nova .S<'Otia had been biouLiht into the
Inion. disclaimed any intention of acliny as
leader of the Opposition, or of oll'ering any
I'aciious opposition to the (Jovermneiit. As this
spcecli may be regarded the text of Nova
Scotia's opposition to confederation, we give a
condensed syiiO|)sis of it in this place.

."), y[v. Howe began by remarkiiiii- that some
friends had assigned hiiu the position of leader

S|, I, „, ||,,„, of the Opposition, which he could

.in-i.|.i. ii..«,.. „^^j accept. The question, he said,

of supportinii' or opposinii' the present (rovcrn-
meiit did not enter into any of the political con-
tests in Nova Scotia, and this bcini;' the cas.'.
anil holdiim- the opinion lie did in reference to
Conlederation. he thought it better to take his
seat in the body of the House as an independent
nieniber. No gentleman from Nova Scotia came
pledged, in any way, to one political party of
Canada. Still, if good measures were brouu'ht
up. he would support them, come from what
soun e they might, and if bad, he would oi)pose
them. His honorable friend from York (Mr.
Fisher) had predicted a reign of peace and har-
mony among politicians, but he was afraid he
would be sadly disapixunted. Confederation
had not the merit of proclaiming peace upon
earth and good-will among the men of Canada.
Iveferriiiii' to the Intercolonial liailroad. he si

to the manner in which the .Act had ]>assed the
Imperial Parliament, and averred that in the
I louse of Lords of more than four hundred, there
were never more than lil'ty while Confederation
was under discu.ssion, and when the Act jiassed
J I its third readinu', there were only ten memb(>rs
\ m the JLcuise of Lords. It had been repn'seiited
to the Imi'erial Parliament that the people of
j Xova Scotia were in favor of Union, while every
\ man in that country knew that statement to be a
deliberate fal.sehood. The bill might have been
[1 submitted to the people of Nova Scotia, and still
I there would have been time to jiass it the same
j session. His Excellency spoke of a lunv nation-
I ality extending from the Atlantic to the Pauilic,
. he (Mr. Howe) could only say (hat he saw in the
Union a source of weakness, a want of the
' material that was absolutely indispensable in a
Lireat nation. "Who is to protect the commercial
interests of this nation :" He came from a country
: that has 4()0,()U0 tons of shipping. This ,\ci had
relieved the Imperial Government of the respon-
sibility of defending the western countries. How
are we to assume that responsibility :" The
United States have oiieiied up the country on
their side of the line, whilst 'Jreat Ibitaiii has'
allowed the Red River country and Jiritish
Columbia to take care of itself and what is the
result '. Out of Minnesota could go men enough '
in a week to cut Canada off from the Red River
country. Let her do the best she could, tin-
IHisition of Hritish Columbia, with Russian
America on the north and California on the i

that whether the words attributed to Mr. M;

e said j south, rendered it doubtful to his mind if I'.ritai

ic-

,-itl

1 at

dmmall at the Toronto Convention were hi

her power could hold that counlrv

not, the fact remained that the Irovernment had i held that (

s or against a hostile army of the United Sta

that railway in their hands; thoy had tl

aiiada was not so

les. He
thickly settled that

lienditure of iifteen millions, and 1

le ex- ; we need bo in a hurry to extend our borders.

mistook their chara.ter if they could not

le very much There is room enough in Canada for fifty millions

with

this power in their hands maintain thcm.selyes It

of ix'ople, and in the jjower Provinces l'(U' t

ell

imes their i)reseiit population. He repudiated

in olUce for the next ten years. Relerriim- (o the | the -ry that tho.se who had oppo.sed Conl'edera
opening paragraph of His Excellency's speed

he .said the people of Nova Scotia could not join ' any i

tioii were disjovai. and clainie(

to I

)e as !o\al as

in the conoTatulations of His I'^xcell

would read his speech with

tion and not with congratulations, lb

iiember of the ( ioyeniinent. DuriiiL;' the

eiicy. They Ihirly-live years of his jiublic life, he dejied any

man to point out a sinuie act of his indicative of

sorrow and humilii

referred ,| a disloyal spirit. His I'^x.ellency had referred

■IS

TrTTMrs HISTORY OK THK DOMINION OF CANADA.

to ill.' Liviii'vnns miiiiiKT ill uhich tlic Imperial
I'iirliiiiiiciit had allowed the propUi to deal with
tho dctiiils nl' ('i)iir,'dciation. He (Mr. Hoavc)
dciiii'd that any such privilcsi-i- was allowed. It
did not rvi'ii l;ii hi'lnvi- the Lcn'i.^^lature ol Nova
Scotia. The only chance the people of Nova
Scotia had ol' cxjirc^siim' iheir <ipiiiiou on Con-
lederation was lasl Septenil)er, wlieii the elec-
lion.s came oil', and I hey showed then, unmis-
takahly, thai ihi'y were hostile to the measure.
He re lerred to several instances in liistory when
a chanu'i' ol cniistilulion had taken place, but
always with llic consent of the people. Kcferrinii'
to Ihe curreiiey question, he remarked that in
Nova Scotia they had a sound system, and never
had a Icnik fail there. They had many l»anks.
but not one of them had slopped, or was open to
suspicion. The (lovernment kejjt its account
with one of thesi> hanks. l)ut uave it no exclusive
power. Since the lirst of July, a restless feeling
had u'one abroad amonu' tin' jieople there that
somelhiiiL;' was to be done which would limit
the cir<ulaiioii of tlcir banks, lie trusted this
would not be the case. Ho could not under-
stand how any bank thai is really sound and
solvent could be broken by any trovernment,
nor how any (Jovernment should posse.ss the
power to break any liank that is sound and
solv(>nt. lie referred to the (juestiou of revenue
to iiuiinlaiii the dieniiy of Ihe Dominion, to the
staiidiiiii' army that is i>roiiiised, to the navy that
we must li!i\e. 'I'axal ion must be increased ; all
the revenues (,[' this Province wi>re to be taken
npliv the (leiieial (lovernment, and all they get
back was ciuht y cents ah(>ad, the price of a Nova
Scotiau as well as the price of a sheepskin. He
went oil to refer lo the postal system, noticing
the iieiiotialioiis of Messrs. Lal'onlaine and
Merrilt. which resulted in the free intenhange
of \arioiis prodii<ts and the establishment of a

li\ nl |)ostage. lb' lIioU'.:hl the best thing

ihal could happen weuld be the ainiiigenu'nt of
a penny postage ; but this could not be done
w iiliout chaiiuing the coii^iitmion of the <'ounlry.
\o\v, the management of this system would lie
removed up to ( )i law a ; whal happened now to
Nova Scolia mi'.jhl one day happen to ihis I'm-

A'ince, and every postmaster and postmistress be
appointed here by a (roviMiiinent which we
coidd not for a moment induence. Then as lo
public works, ])y careful maiiauenieiit Nova
Scotia had spent somethinii' like a million and a
half of dollars on them, and what had hap-
pened ' Why, on election day every employe
was marched up to vote for the (roverninent
candidate, iniluiucd ])y some ])ower which
could not be discovered, lleferring to the clause
' on the militia, he said that according to resources
': and population. Nova Scotia had as many men
as iMigland. liut now that I hey were told there
was to be some new militia orii^anizatioii, he onlv
hoped it would be more ell'ective. He would
promise it a carefid consideration. l)ut re|)orts
had reached Nova Scotia that had caused some
alarm. It was said that every man in this
Dominion was to be armed. lie hoped no
impraelicable scheme would be adopted. Who
were we to arm against .'' There was only oiu'
enemy to fear, and he regretted that the whole
i of the proceedings in rcLiard lo Confederation
looked too much like a menace an-ainst that
: country. If we managed our alfairs propeilv.
[ we should be the best of friends with our
! neitvhliors. Peace with them was whal wi'
I invariably i)rayed for. Nova Scotia had never
yet been alWe to frame a universally acceptable
bankrupt law. and if this could be done, he
would be glad to see it. Keferring to the ne.Kl
clause of the address, he expressed his beliel
that in I'^ngland they were preparing their minds
I to let us assume the resp(msibilitiesof a separate
nationality. .\s to oiu' lisheries, they were eivcn
up to the United States. I'hmlaiul would not
lire a shot in defence of I hem. lleth(Uiglil some
system ouyht to be adopted in regard to contro-
verted elections ; i)assed over the other i)assaL!'es
of th<' speech without remark, and in conclusion
I deeply regretted that tlie measure had been
passed in siu'h a iiiaiiiier as to make it highly
dislaslei'ul to the people of No\ a Scotia, a free
tmd loyal people who had for years conducted
their alliiirs with loyalty and vigor, and reiirelted
that they should be obliged to send represen-
tatives licre to make siudi speechi's as he had

-I

[lostmistrcss l)r
lit whirh \\f
Q. Tliou as to
i<4'em('nt Noviv
I million and a
i'hat had hap-
.'vciy einployr
(• (rovt'i'iuneiil

p()\V(>r whicli
ig- to the c'lansi'
iny torcsonrccs

as many men
vtM't' told there
i/atioii, hi' only
vc. Hr would
)n, but re ports
d caused some
•y man in this

lie Imped lUi

idopted. Who

e was only one

that the whole

Conledoration

aci'ainst that

Hairs i>roperly.

nds with our

was what we

itia had never

dly accoptalile

1 he dune, ie'

|iig to the next

■ed his heliel

lii' their minds

sdl' a separate

lev were

i\i-n

nd won hi not

1 thought some

■ard to eoniro-

)lh(

r i)assau'(

111 ((inclusion
lii'e hail lii'eii

ake it highly
IScdtia, a tree

ii's eo

aiH

ndiK

1 regretted
Mid represen-

:*'

■^.'

k.)

*f^.

'H^«iW..

JJUl '.

> III -spy.u fiomfit
.' of dolUr
.^'r\' "Why. on

up .■ ■

:■ ■.■lll.H''M

■ .jlia 'h
iji H that oi ■

hi ion wiis * ^>,» anut-a. II,

' Tho-

11 1 r

' i 1 ■{•-

.1. .<

•>»

•ik.

li a

iN ■

;-.n

Iv-,

l**"*

(iOVEFJNAfKNT OP' f.ORD MCNX'K—lsdT— FIRST PAinJA.MKNT.

4!)

made to-niffht. As the debate went on, he would
move a short amendment expressing regret that
this measure had not been submitted to the
people of Nova Seotia. He knew that the
decisicni on this question was a foregone con-
clusion ; he knew that he stood here powerless
to do more than express the sentiments he
entertained.

6. — Ii was only in harmony with every ex-
peitation that Mr. Howe was followed by his
(J , ,. great opponent the Hon. Dr.

"""• ^'•- ■^'' '■'•■ Charles Tupper, who had fought

him thouii'hout tiic whole battle for confedera-
tion in Nova Scotia, and who had won a victory
iinder u)any disadvantages. We give also a
brief summary of Dr. Tuppei's reply. He felt
that if North America assumed its proper posi-
tion among nations, it could only be by uniting
these Provinces. In looking at commercial in-
terests, every man must have felt that the
Union was only meant for promoting the pros-
perity of the Provinces. He referred to the ad-
vantages which he believed would result from
the Intercolonial Kailway, and noticed the
valuable mineral deposits with which Nova
Scotia abounded. These were comparatively
valueless heretofore, and could never have been
developed by the unaided maritime population.
If Nova Scotia was ever to advance and obtain
advantages of free trade, it could only be by
union with other Provinces, and what had not
free trade done for other countries. Look what
it had done even between Upper and Lower
Canada I His honorable friend had said truly
that the true source of strength of British
America must consist in attracting emiii-ration.
Confederation would be the means of eliectinff
this. He was prepared to admit that his honor-
able friend Howe had thoroughly swept the
polls, but it was no new thing to hear of a sud-
den change of opinion amoiiir the people of
Nova Scotia. They might easily imagine the
eiieul his honorable friend's eloquence would
have travelling through the country telling the
people that their sons were to be dragged from
iheir fireside, and that taxes were to ])e levied
on them. Had Nova Scotia remained as she

was. they would either have had to greatly re-
du<'e their expenditure, or else raise their taviif.
Dut they had been accustomed to these chan<>es
in Nova Scotia. His honorable friend had once
before found himself thoroughly defeated, and
went on to refer to some of the causes which
he believed had contributed to his large majority
on this occasion. He felt that he need not in
that asseml)ly defeiul the manner in which his
measure had been carri(>d. Pitt and Peel had
declared in language eloquent and emphatic
that the most dangerous precedent to establish
would be to say that Parliament was not fully
competent to deal with any (juestion on behalf
of the people. Nova Scotia happened to W the
only Province in which Parliament had an
ojiportunity of passinu' on this measure, and it
obtained a two-thirds vote. Not one half of the
votes at the polls in Nova Scotia had been given
to his honorable friend and his supporters, and
moreover, his election had taken place under a
new franchise created by himself (Howe), and
never put in operation before. He denied that
the issue of confederation was put to the people
at the polls. He asked how his honorable
friend could reconcile his present coi;rse with
his declaration in Nova Scotia that he would, if
elected, give the Union a fair trial. The mem-
ber for Guysboro' did the same, and was elected
on that manly stand, while Mr. Annand, the
only man who declared his intentions of oppos-
ing the Union, was defeated. The moral power
which Union had given us rendered army and
navy necessary. He believed ,ve had lost the
Reciprocity Treaty in conseq^uence of the iso-
lated position of the Provinces leading the
States to believe they could dictate any terms
they chose Pie referred to some of Mr. Howe's
former utterances, quoting speeches by that
gentleman to prove his i)iconsisten< y in oppos-
ing Union. In regard to Mr. Howe's complaints
as to being charged with disloyalty, he saiil the
Queen's name had never been ajipealed to
against the anti-Unionists except in a constitu-
tional manner. Far be it from him (Tupper) to
charge any man with disloyalty, but il' chara-es
had been nuule in Nova Scotia, it was in rela-

.! !

'■"%

l*il

Tl'TTLK'S IFISTOIIY Ol' TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

tioii to the aciusation that the Union i)aity woiv
traitors. IT Mr. Howe and his Iriends were not
disloyal, it was at any rate triio that thcro was
not Fenian or annexationist in tlic P ovince who
did not sympattiize and act heartily with them.
He then critieised other ol)jections raised by Mr.
Howe to the speech from the Throne, and
endeavored to show they were, in each particu-
lar, weak and unrounded.

7. — Alter the adoption of the Address, a hill
was passed fixijii^ the indemnity of members,
iniieiiinit.v T^B Salaries of the Speakers of

,.f „„.„,i,>.r.. ^Ylo two Houses were fixed at

$;5,000 per annum each, and the pay of mem-
bers at six dollars per day for a session of not
less than thirty days, witli ten cents per mile
mileage: or six hundred dollars for the session
should it exceed thirty days, with same allow-
aui'e for mileage. The ])ill was opjwsed by
Messrs. r>lake, ^la'kenzie, Holton and others,
who advocated a per diem allowance without
rei2ard to the duration of the session ; Mr. Blake
remarking- *hat he could see no reason why
mei.ibers should receive o)u^ hundred and
eighty dollars for a session of thirty days, and
six hundred dollars for a session of thirty-one
d^y^. Exception was also taken to the bill on
the ground that it would tend to induce mem-
bers to draw t)ut the session at its commeiuc-
ment until thirty days had expiuid, and then to
hurry through the remainder of the session, as
they would feel as if they were remaining at
the seat of (iovernment at their own expense
after they had becinne entitled to their full ses-
sional aliuwance. The bill was, however,
passed without ameiulment.

8. — Dual representation came forward for the
early attention of Parliament, and Mr David
Mills introduced a bill disquali-
meinbers of the Local
roin holding seats
in the House of (.'ommons. The bill, howe^ er,
was withdrawn, and it was not until many
years after that dual representation, which
came into existence with confederation, was
abolished. The Hritish North America Act .said
nothing with regard to members of the Ijocal

Dual Hcpre'-oiitiiiimi. ,. .
liiilci.cM.li'i.fc lyillra

lit' I'jirliiiint'Mi . T ■ 1

LfcSi'islatures

Houses beinii- ineligible for seats in the House
of Commons of the Dominion, and many mem-
bers of the old Parliament of Canada were
elected to the local Hoiises of Quebec and
Ontario, as well as to the House of Commons —
two of the most notable instances being Hon.
George E. Cartier and Mr. Edward Blake. Dual
representation never existed in the Maritime
Provinces, local Acts being pas.sed preventing it.
One plea for thi". doial)le representation was
that all the experienced members of the old
Parliament who could secure re-election would
prefer the Hou.se of Commons to the more
limiti'd sphere of the Local Houses, aiul thai the
latter I)odies would be destitute of i'Xi)erienced
men, and their business correspondingly
(h'layed. But this argument could be only of a
temporary nature, and the contention of the
Opposition that dual representation gave undue
inlluence to the (Iovernment of the day by
having its members in the Local Houses as well
as in the House ol Commons, gains much \.>ight
from the fact that althouuh the evils of the
system were pointed out during the elections,
and a bill introduced within two weeks after
the opening of the first Parliament, it was
seven years before dual representation was
al)olished, and then only after the J^iberal party
had come into j)ower. Bearing on the same
subject was a question of privilege raised by
^Ir. Holton that members of the House of Com-
mons were guilty of a breach of the Independ-
ence of Parliament Act by becoming members
of the Local Governments, for which they
received remuneration This subject was refer-
red to the Committee on Privileges and Elections,
which decided that, as the Local Ministers were
paid by the Local and not the General Govern-
ment, no breach of privilege was committed ;
and members of the Local Governments con-
tinued to occupy seats in the House of Commons
until the abolition of dual representation. \

!'. — The Government had i)lanned to divide
the first session of the Dominion Parliament
into two parts, taking a recess

d,, . i.j ., ,., Till' fir.^r iniri 111 tlic

uring the liolidays, and until hm s.wHii.n-

March, in which to prepare and ' " '■ ■

ill the House
[ many mi'ra-
'a Hilda were
Quebec and
f Commons — i
s beinn' Hon. ;
Blake. Dual |
the Maritime \
[ireventiiifif it. '
entation was
f.s oi' the old
ection would
to the more
, and that the
i' experienred
irespondingly
d be only ol' a
I'lition ol' the
n gave undue
the day by
f.ouses as well
muchxnisrht
evils of the
the elections,
weeks after
[nent, it was
ntation was
liberal party
on the same
ge raised by
ouse of Com-
ic liidepend-
ng members
which they
ct was refer-
iid Elections,
nisters were
leral Govern-
committed ;
nments con-
of Commons
ntation.
ed to divide
rarliameni

he lirsi purl nl the
>Kisl!!titiii.

(iOVKHX.MKNT OF J.ORD MoXCK—1 HOT— FIRST PARIJAMF.NT.

elaborate its most important measures. In pur-
suance of this plan, rarliameiit adjourned on
the 2Ist of De.vuiber until tli.- 12lh ol
March, 186H, but not until sullicient business
had been transacted to jnovide lor the new
order of things. A supply bill was pas.sed
graiitinn' $5,204,271' generally for the service of
the (joveniiueni from 1st July, 1St;7, to JHst
March, 1808, and aulhi.rizijig the Governor in
Council lo issue .si;v per cent. st<iik or bonds for
the redemption of aii\ debt of the former Pro-
vini'cs, but tile amount of the publie debt was
not to be increased by sueh issue. The vacancy
caused by the resignation of Hon. Mr. Gait as
Finance Minister was lilled by the appointment
of Hon. John Rose, who wsis reelected for
Huntingdon by acclamation, and sworn of the
Privy Council on :JOth November. Tlie iifth
bill passed related to th(^ managemi'ut of the
revenue, the manner of collecting and disburs-
ing, kee])iim- accounts, &c. The Customs Act
was comprised of one hundred and furty-oiie
clauses, consolidating the dilferent Cust(nns
Acts of the \ arious Provinces, and making the
rules and regulatioii.s with regard to ports of
entry, transfers in b(md, punishment of smuu-
gling. «S:e.. uniform. The bill only appointed
twenty ports of entry in bond, but the Gover-
nor in Couiitil had the power to increase this
number, and in little more than a year from the
passage of the Act the number had risen to one
liundred and ten. The Customs Act relating
to duties was temporary in its nature, and was
superseded later in the sos.'<ion by the Tarill
Act. to which \\ 1 shall refer at length further
on. The Inland Uevenue, or Exci.se Bill,
passed at this session, did not dill'er materially
from that of the Province of Canada, the tax on
sj)irits being retained at sixty cents per gallon
(which was increased to sixty-three later on in
the session), and ciirars from one dollar i)er
thousand upwards. The mode of collecting the
tax on beer was, however, changed, and in lieu
of a tax of three cents per gallon, one of one
cent per pound on malt was substituted. These
excise duties were \ery distasteful to the Mari-
time Provinces, where, previous to the Union,

the revenue of New I'miiswick from this
source was only about 8100 per annum, while
there was no revenue at all derived from it in
Nova Seotia. A Stamp Act was also passed,
imposiiiff a tax on bills of exi'hange, drafts and
promissory imtes at the rate of one cent for
twenty-live dollars, two cents for lifty, and
three eeiits for every hundred dollars. This
was also a new tax to the Maritime Provinces,
tind was stnmgly opposed by some of the mem-
bers from that section.

111. — The Act reorganizing and reconstruct-
inii' the postal arraiiu'emeiits of the Dominion,
assimuiatiiui' the systems of the
lour Provinces, adopting a uni- -i'...i.„iii,(.

, S.iviriu'J IJiinks.

lorm rate ol postage, and estab-
lishing Post Office Savings Banks. Up to the
time of Confederation, .i.e postal rate in the
Province of Canada was live cents per half
ouiu'c to any part of the Province, and twelve
and a half cents to Nova Scotia, via Boston ; ten
cents per half ounce to the United States, and
twelve and a half cents to Great Britain.
Newspapers were ( harged at the rate of twenty-
live cents per annum for weeklies, and one
dollar and sixty cents for dailies, i)ayable
quarterly in advance by either the publisher
or subscriber ; but periodicals devoted to the
education of youth, agriculture, temperance, or
any branch of science, were exempt from post-
age. In the Maritime Provinces the rates of
postage were the same, except that all news-
papers were free. In the new bill the whole
postal ser\ ice v.'as i>laced under the control of
the Postmaster-General at Ottawa, who was
aiven large powers for the general maiiati'ement
of his department, the establishment of mail
roixtes, fixing rates of i)ostage with other I'oun-
tries, iVc. The entire systems of the Provinces
were assimilated, and a uniforiii rate of three
cents to any part of the Dominion established.
Postaii'c on weekly newspapers was fixed at
five cents per ([uarter, payable in advance by
either the publisher or subscriber, and tbirtv
cents for dailies. Transient papers were
charged one cent each if m.iiled l)y the pub-
lisher or subscriber, and two cents if by any

Pi!

'ft

Ij' III ii

;

]

TinTIJ'.S IllsroI.'V ol'I'IIK DOMINION- Ol' (A NA l>.\.

other person. The bill, as oriiiinally (Init'led,
required i>iiynient on newspjipers to be made in
advance by the publisher, l>ut an eil'ort beiny
Jnade, while the bill was under discussion, to
have ail newspapers pass Tree, and it beii.u'
represented that the enloreenient of paynu-nt in
advance would press very heavily on (he
smaller publishers, a compromise was arrived
at by reducing the rate to a minimum, and
allowing' the numnor oJ payment to remain as
it had been in the Province of Canada. Postage
to dreat Britain remained at twelve and a hall
cents, but that to the United States was, shortlv
aftor the i)assage of the bill, reduced from ten
to six cents, so that the era of cheap i)ostage
may be said to have been fairly inaua'urated
with the new Dominion. " But the most im-
portant feature of the new bill was the provision
made in it lor the establishment of Post Olhce
Savings Banks, where sums of one dollar and
upwards could be deposited, the depositor being
allowed four per cent, on ordinary dcjiosits,
which could be with<lrawn at any time, or five
per cent, on special dei)Osits. which rould only
be withdrawn after three months" notice. The
offices were not opened until the first of Apiil
18t!8, and the people speedily .showed their
apju'ecialidu of the c(mv(>nience and safety
afforded them by dejiositing fieely, so that at
the expiraiidn of the lirst six month.-;, r'O-'I offices
had been opened, and 8-'''>tJ,278.'27 remained on
depo,sit, |2H»,1HI7.!)7 being at four i)er cent., and
$130,80(1.00 at five. An attempt was made,
whil>' the Postal Bill was in progress throuah
the Housi\ to ha\ e the telegraph service amal-
gamated with tb" postal servi<e, in the same
manner as had just then been proi>osed inOreat
Britain : but it was not thought advisable to
attemi>l the undertaking, and the tele<>Taph
service of Canada is now so comi)lete, and the
charges so modera(e, that it is extremely doubt-
ful whether it could be performed any lietter
or cheai>er if it did form part of the Post OfUce
sys(em. Anodier subject which received some
attention was the abolition of the carriers' fee
of two cents for delivering letters, and substi-
tuting a free delivery ; but the financial con-

dition of the country was not snnh just then as
to warrant taking the risk of tti-^ additional
expense, and it w as some years later before the
free delivery sy.stem was introduced. A propo-
sition was al.so made to extend the money order
system to the United Slates, but the un.settled
condition ol lixO money market in that coiuitry
at this time, added to other reasons, caiised a '
postjKniement of the consideration of the
scheme, and it was not iiitil August, ls7:>, that
arrangeuH'uts were jx ifected and went into
operation for an ey nange of money orders
betwi'cn the Post Oflices of C'amida and tl^e
United States. The money order system was
established in the Provinces of Ontario and
Quebec on the first of February, 185"), in Nova
Scotia on the first of July. I8r)!i, aiul in New
Brunswick on the first of November, 1803, and
some idea of the rapid growth of the system
may be gathered from the facts that daring the
year 18(!(J there were (i(j,412 orders for a total
amount of $2,30i),203.(J3 issued in the foixr Pro-
viiu'cs. and .')4.048 orders for a total amount of
$2.140,1!I5.7.") paid.

11. — Fortunately for the country, the British
North American Act provided for the construc-
tion of the Intercolonial Railway, i,,,,,,.,.,,!,,,,].,! i(.,||.
and a bill w as accordingly pas.sed ■■'""'•
in the first part of the .session, making provi-
sions accordingly. It provided for the building
of the road from liiver du I.,oup to Truro by
four commissioners, to be ajipointed by the
(lovernor-Cieneral, who was also to appoint the
Chief Eimineer. The guage of the road was
fixed at 5 ft. (i in. on such grades, in such man-
ner, in sucli i)laces, with such material and on
such specilicadons as the (lovernor in Council
might deti'rmine. The powers of the Minister of
Public Works and of a Railway Company were
given to the Commissioners with regard to sur-
veys, taking lands, &c. All tenders to be adver-
tised, and no contract for over sj; 10,000 to hr
granted without the consent of the Governor in
Council, who also fixed the remuneration of the
Commissioners and the Chief I'^ngiiu'cr, and to
whose approval all other pay was subjt'ct. The
Act provided for the issue of bonds to the extent

1 just then as
h" additional
Icr bi'loro ihe
lhI. a propo-
' muiiey order

the uu.st'ttled
I that country
ons, caused a
at ion oi' the
list, 1^7:!, that
id went into
money orders
lada and the
r system was

Ontario and
1S5'), in Nova
, and in New
ber, 18ti3. and
ol" the system
lat durinii' the
'rs for a total

the lour Pro-
^)tal amount of ',

,', the 15ritish
the eunstrue-

i.i.

.liMli.'ll i<Mil-

aai

kinu' provi-

the building

o Truro by

iited liy the
appoint till'
le road was
such man-
rial and on
r ill Council
'• Minister of

jiupany were

eiiard to sur-

to be adver-

10,000 to be

GoA'ornor in

■eration of the

ineer, and to

ubject. The

to the extent

(loVKHNMKNT OK I.OIM) .M( (Ni'K — 1>^Im- TIIK NOIM'II WKST.

of £8.000,000 sterliiui'.iux'.er Imperial guaranteo.
at four per rent., and also of bonds of tiie
Dominion of Canada — without guarantee — for
any sum, not exceedinii' fl.OoO.OOO sterling,
which may be necessary to complete the road.
A sinking fund of one per cent, was provided
f(n-, and the Consolidated Revenue Fund charged
with th" ne( essary funds. There was consider-
able opi)osition lo the passage of the bill in the
House, the principal ground being that no route
v.as specilied, and Mr. Dorion moved an amend-
ment that the route should not be determined
on without the consent of Parliament. Sir John
A. Macdonald ex[)laiiied that the Imperial guar-
anty' of t-"!, 000,000 was ol)tained on the express
stipulation that the route should be selected l>y
the Home authorities, who would decide on the
relative merits of the two proposed routes, the
Northern, or Major Kobiiison's route, and the
Southern, or Sandford Fleming's route. After
considerable discussion a vote was taken on Mr.
Dorion's amendment, and resulted in its rejection
by a vote of 35 for to Sij against.*

12. — It would be tedious to give an account
of each measure i>assed during the first part of
the .session, hence we will enu-
merate only a i'vw more of the
important measures. These were, a bill estab-
li-ihingthe dipartment of Public Works, delining
the duties, &c.. of the Minister of Public W'orks ;
an Act respecting Panks ; an Act in respect to
the punishment of aggressions from subjects of

* .\s (Ilis VI. (i- iim.v liL' tiikeii a.-^ Ji pretty tiiir itidicatittii nf tliu roliitivf
struriiftli 111' llii? (iu\i'rniiRMit aiMl 0pi»u..<i(inn, wv ti'ivv tlic Vi-a." and .\ay.x :
Vk\s.— Mcssr- I'.iVliaril. Ilnclwi'll. liiair.issa. l!c>wiiian.Cln'\al.Ciiiim'll.
CiMipal. Crcicike. llciriiai, Kislicp Knrlii'r, I lintlViuii, llullnn. Ki'iiL|it, Kici/-
kmv.-ki. .\l,-l-'arl.im-. .\lai'ki'n/.ic. .Macill, .M.'l.auliliii. .Mills .\I..rri.-nii
(Vic'liiria). oliviT, I'arkcr. liay. Hi'iUdnt. Uyiiial, Savary. Sprnat. Siirton.
.Sylvaiii,Thiiiii|i.<i<ii (llaldini.inil). ThuiiMiyoii (Ontarid). Tii'iiilila.v. \V«11.-.
Vimiij;.— .'!.■).

Xav.*— Mcssr.". AIiIm.ii. .\n\\. liiMty, HcIUti.^i'. Diuuil. lifrlranii. lilaii-
flu't. Ilnltun. lidtiwi'll. IJnwn, lirnu.-.-eau. I'lirpoe, IJiirhin, Carnn. Carlicr.
Cartwritriit. Caylcy. Ciiainborliii. <'ymiai. Crawt'iril {Itr<K-kviIIc), Crawfnril

, (IjcimU), l>L'>autiiuT.'', Itnliliii'. |)ri:\v. OiilVcsiu', Forgnsiin. FciTi.-J, K*irli?i,
(lath'iu'r, liatklot, tMMuiron, <ii)>l)H, (iratit. (ira.\". (ii-nver. Ilarrismi, limit,
IIiii'iliiii, .fiii'ksiiii. .riiliiisun, .liiiu-s (I.i'cil.-i ami Ori'inilk'). Kerlei'. iurk-
luilrirk. I.aiii-'cvin. l.-iiniiii. l.iltli'. .Mi-linnalil (ilii'iicany), Mai'ilmialil
(KiiiK^tiiii). .Mai'iliiiialil (.Mi'l.lIi'H'x). Mas^iin (Siiiilaiit-es). .^las.-^nii CI'iti-c-

j liiuiiii-). .Mi'Callum. .Mi'l'aitliy, .^ral■ll■lll^'all. .Mclii'c. Mi lirci'vy, .McMillan

I IHcstiiriaifhi'l. .Mi-.\!illan ( Vaudri'iiil). .Mnrri.i. ,M.iniy..ii {.\i.-ii;ara), Muin-ii.
IViTv. I'in.iiiiiiifaiill. I'lipo. I'liuliiit, Pii.-im-, Uankni. Ki'iiaml. Ituliitaillc,

I lliisi'. l{os.< (Diinila.i), Hiis.i (I'riiiof ivlivanl). Sinninl. Siiiipsnn, Sli'Vi'n.<iiii,
Stri'. :, Tilk.y. Tu|.pi-r, Wallacf, Walsh, Wulili. Wil.-.m, Wriglit.-s;i.

MiM

tiiMI

'llailL-llllS ll'L'i.l

foreign countries at peace with Her Majesty; l
an -Vet prohibitiiin- the unlawful training of men j
to the use of arms, and an Act suspondinii- the |
llahens Corpus Act. These tliree latter measures j
were rendered necessary by the continued ;
threatening asi)eel of the Fenians in the United
States, and fresh rumors of another invasion
Ix'ing contemplated. The private bills i)assed
were lo incorporate the trusti-es of the l.aiik of
Upper Craada, for the purpose of winding up
the ati'airs of the IJank ; to amend the charter of
the Commercial iJaiik, so as to permit it to wind
uj) its business, or to amalgamate with some
other bank,* to authorize the Grand Trunk
Iiailway to issue second mortgaiie e([uipmeiit
lionds to the extent of t;.")0O,0O0 sterling; to in-
corporate the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Iiailway,
and to chanu'e the name of the Canadian Inland
Nt;vigation Company to that of •' The'Canadie'i
Navigation Company," and to autliorize an in-
crease of eapital to soOO.OOO at once, with the
right to further increase lo $2,000,000.

CHAPTER IV.

(JOVERN.MENT OK bOHD .MO.N'CK-
XOliTJI-WK.ST.

-ISdT—TJtE

1. — The Rkces8. — 2. Puoi'os.a. to Anne.x:
Tiii:N<)RTir-Wi:sT Tekuitouv. — 3. UupEitx's
Land. ( 'hartek to the Hidson's B.\y C( )m-

PANV, 1070. — 4. TEU1!IT01!Y Cr.AIMEll 1!Y THE

FiiENOH. The CorxTitv ceded to Exoland

I3V THE TliEATY OF UtKECUT, 1713. — 5. PUOS-
I'EKITY OV THE Co.AU'ANV FsTAHLISHMENT

OK TIIE Nouth-West Company. — 0. Explo-
rations AM) DlSCOVEHIKS. — 7. IvslAHIJSH-

MENT OK A Colony at Red RnEi; hy the
Ea!:l ok Selkii!K. — s. AmaloamatioN ok
THE Hudson's li.vv and Nouth-Wkst Com-
panies. — !t. Opening oK the Deuate on the

AcuUIREiMENT OE THE TeKKITOUIES RY THE

'Till' t'liinimTi'ial IJaiik wa.s al'tfiwaiils anialuaiaatud \vitl\ the .Mur-
rliaiit." Bank.

illiiH'H'l

:tA

TUTTLKS HISTOI.'V OF TIIK DO.MIMOX OF ('ANADA.

DoAriMON. AltilVMENTS IN FAVOl! OK AO-

.<uii;iN(i THE Teimmtouy. — 10. Objections
TO Tiir. Annexation taken hy the Oim'ohi-
TioN. — 11. Amendment 1'1!oi>osei) hy Mij.
Hoi/roN. The Kesolitions adoi'ted.

1. — As bi'loio slattul, the lirst pari of the llrst
session ol the lirst Doniiiiioii I'liriiainciit ciirac to
a I'losf on tlu' 21st ol' Dcci'iuht-r.
iht' majority ol I hi- incnihors
Wi'ri' ill favor ol a long rceess, so that the Gov-
onnntMit might have sulRcit'iit timi' to i)r('i)art.'
its moasiiri's, and the Local Houses bu i'nal>led
to got tinough tlit'ir sessions hofori' rarliamcnt
met again. The lirst half of the session was
eminently satisfactory, and showed a vast iin-
provemont on the old state of tilings which
existed in Canada l)efore the Coalition Govern-
ment of 18il4. The (Jovernineut was assured of
a large majority, but showed no disi)osition to
wse its power arl)itrarily ; the measures intro-
duced were, for the most part, .sound ones and
suited to the needs of the country ; the Opposi-
tion displayed no .signs ol faetiousness, and the
meml)ers from whom most trouble wa.s aiitici-
l)ated (tho,se from Nova Scotia) seemed dispo.sed
to accept the inevital)le with as good a grace as
possible, to be moderate ui their opjKjsitiou and
to allow the Government a fair chanc*' to develop
its policy and show what it proposed to do for
the general good of the country. The Opposi-
tion, although numerically weak and powerless
to seriously hinder the Government, was already
beginning to show some signs of organization,
and from this session we may date the forma-
tion of the Reform and Conservative parties as
they exist to-day.

2. — One of the most important features of the
part of the session already partially reviewed,
•111.. x.,rti,-\\\>tivr- ■^^'"•'^ ♦^^' introduction by the Hon.

■• '^-''■' '"'""••"• William Macdougall of a series

of resolutions, on which an address was pre-
pared to Her Majesty with regard to the North-
West Territories.* As this vast country, con-

* Tlicsi' rc'siil 111 i"n.< were luiscilnii ilir ll'llli Sfflimi iilihe Hrilisli Nurtli
.■\iiierkii Act «( IsiiV, nliiili iiruviJcil Inr ilii' aihiiis.<lun "I Xi'wIiiiiiiiIIiiikI.
I'rini't' Kilwiiid I.slaml. i!riti.<li Culumliiii, Rupcrfa Liiiiil i.nJ the Xiirtli-

taining upwards of two millions seven hundred
and lil'ty thousand square miles (»t territory,
abundantly watered, and possessing in many
parts agricultural lands of unusiuil richness, is
destined to become to Canada in the future what
the Ohio valley and " the Great West" art^ to the
United Slates, we will pause for a moment here
to brielly sketch its history from its etirly days
to the lime we are now writiim' of, when the
first attempt was made to unite it to the
Dominion. t Hudson IJay, from which most of
this territory derived its name, was llrst visited
by Henry Hudson in It; 10, in his .search for a
north-west passage to India, b\it it is .said that
Sebastian Cabot reached it as early as 1517, and

Wi'stirii Triiilni'y iiitii lliu I'liinii. Tlic text "!' tin' reyiiluli"!!- nus ii>
f..llnw-:—

1. That il-wuiiM iinMii'iii' Ihi' pro'in'rity i.l' Ihi' Caiuhliaii iicopli- ami

cniiiliK'i' tn till' a<haiila).'>'"rthi'Hlii>lu Kln|<iro. il' llii' lli'lnini rCaiiaila,

c'oiistitiiliMl utulcr till' |iruvi<ii>iiH lit' the I»riti..<li .Xnrtii .Aini'rii'a .Act.lHiiT,
wtTi.' *'.\ti'iuli*i| wi'stwaril til till' ?*hiire.-* nt'tln' Pai-itif Oi-caii.

2. Tlial i'iil<iiii/.alliiii nl'the lamls urilii' .Sa.-kati'hcwaii. A.s.iiiiiljiiii»', iiikI
Ri'il Hivir i|i<liiiti. anil tlli' ili'ii'liiiniiciil nl' the iiiiiiiTal wealth wliifh
ali'iiiiii|..j ill till' leKiiiiis III' the .N'mth- We.-t. anil the exteiiyinii III' iiuninei ■
rial intei-t-i>iir.>e ilirnn^'h the Itriti.^h |iii''se..^>iiin..' in .Xtiierii-a t'l-uin the
;Vll:Mllii' til the I'ai-itie, are alike ile|ieiiileiit ll|iiin the estahli..<hinent iil' a
slaiite (iiiveriinient .t'lir the inaintenMliee nt' law ami nnler in the .Nurth-
\Ve>t 'I'erritdrie,-.

.'). Thai the welfare iif the sparsest wiilely se.iiii reil |iii|iiilaliiiniif liritish
subjeel.siit Kiiruiieaiijiri^'in, alreinly inlialiifiin.' these reunite ami nmir-
^ani/.eil lerritiiries, wmilil lie tiiaterialt> eiiham-eil hy the riiriiiatinn therein
lit' iiolitieal iiistitutiiinsi heariiit? aiialn^y, us I'ar as eiremnstaiices will
admit, to thiisi; whieli exist in the se\eral I'mviiiees nllliis Ifiiiiiiiiinn.

1. That the llilth seeliim 111' the liritish .Nnrtli Ameriea Aet.lsi;?, |.ni-
viiles I'lir the ailmissiiin 111' Kn|iert's Ijiml ami the .Nurth-West 'I'erritiiry,
ur either nt' them, intu I'lii'in with t'anaila iipnn terms ami ennilitiuns to
he expresseil in adilresses t'rimi the H-.n-es ul I'arliaMietil nl'iliis l)(iiiunii>n
tn Iter .Majesty, ami whieh shall he aiipruM-il ul' hy the (Jiieeii in Ciuineit.

'i. That it is aeeiiriliiiKly expeilieiii to aihlress Her .Majesty, that she
wuulil he jrraeiiiusl,\- pleased, hy ami with adviee nl' her .Must lliinnrahle
rri\y Ciiuneil, tn unite Knpert's l.anil and the .\nrtli-\\'est Territnry with
the llninininii nl' Cauada, and tn ):rant tj the Parliament nl' Canada
atilhiirity lu let^islate I'nr their future welfare ami Knod tfiiverniueiit,

li. That ill the event nf the Imperial (inveniinent iiijreeiiii,' In transfer In
Canada the jarisilietiniiand emilrnl nver this reKinn.ii wmild he expedient
III prnvide that the le^'al rights uf any enrpiiratiiiu.eiiinpany ur iiiili\'idual,
within the same, will he respeeted: and that in ease of ditferenee nf
iijiiniiiii ii.s tn the extent, iiatcre- or value lA' these riKhts. the same shall
he suhinitted In jiidieiiil deeisi'--', nr he determined by inntuat agreement
helween the (fn\ eniineiit nf Canada and the parties interested. .Sueli
a^rreeineiit In Inn e no elVcet nr validity until fust saiietinned hy the I'ar-
liainent nf Canada.

7. That iipnii the transferenee nf the territnries in iineslinii u, the Caiia-
fliaii tinvernineiit, the elaiiiisuf the Indian trihes tn eninpensatinii fnr
lands rei|uired fnr piirjinses nf settlement, wmild heennsidered and settled
iiiennfnnuily with the ei|iiitahle prineiples whieh have unifnriiily piverned
till' Cinn II in its dealings with the ahnriKines,

"<. That a seleet enniinittee he appniiiied to dralt an hiimhle address tn
Her Majesty on Ihesiihjeet nf the fiireKniiiK resnluiinns.

t This hislnrieal sketeh nf the Nurth-West. has, tn a great extent, heen
eniitrihiited hy mie thnrnudhly eonversaiit with the suhjeet, wliuse name
the editor is not uuthnri/.ed to use in thiii euuneitiiiii.

even hundred
s ot U'rritory,
iing in many
111 richut'SH, in
e future what
est" arc to the !
moment here
ts early days
of, when the
ite it to the
ivhic h most ol'
IS first Aisited
s search for a
it is »aid that
Y as 1517, and

f ri'.'"tlutinll^ \V:1S IIH

I'oiiiiiiiuri nt'Ciiritidii,
h AiiuTii'a Act, \>V\7,

villi, A.s.^iniliiiinc, and
liiiiTiil wi'iillli whii'li

•Xft-n.-'iMII lit' i-iillillHT-

Aiin-rifit IVmiii tlie
I' t'stalili-linifiil nt' a
nnli-r ill llii' Xtirtli-

|ii<|>illali if Iliitl'll

-f ri'iiKilf anil inmr-

lir riM'tiiiitinti tticri-in

> (-iri'iuiislanci's will
(his Dniniiiiiin.

iTica Aft, IHiw, |,ro-
rlli-Wcst 'IVrritiiry,
ii> anil rutiilitinns to

inl 111' this Oiiniiniun

u' t^tri'ii in i'lanuMl.
r Miiji'-iy, that she
r .Mi.sl lliini.raliU'

Wist TiTritiiiy with
lianiriit uC C'llliilila

il Kiivvrnnient.
■t'finir ti) transfer tn
Hiiiilil he expeiliellt
jiany iir iinlit iilual,
se nf ililVerellee ill'
hts, the siillle shall
ninliial agreement
s interesteii. Sueh
tiiineij hy tlie I'ar-

lestiiin te the Caiia-
iinjiensatiiiii tor
i-iilereilanil settleil
iiniliiniilygiivernvil

hninhle address to

Kreat eMent. been
iiliject, whose name

<;<n'F-;T^XMKN'T of r-oFiJ) mo;tk— i«<i7 tiik \()r,Tn-WF:sT.

several other early navigators ma<le explorations
in its vicinity nearly a century before it was
visittMl and iinnied l>y IIn<lson.

3. — Altliouffli the territory was not visited by
white men with any view to settlement I'ormiiny
Knperfs b.nd. V'^^'' 'i''*'''" 'h'" di«<'Overy of Cau-

lon•rlly^t•,".;',';. ada. it was well known by repute
"""■ to the earliest French settlers as a

famous hunting ground, and the trading post at
Tadousat; was mainly supplied with furs from
this region by way of 'he Saii'iienay Uiver ; ami
the King of France claimed sovcreiiiiity over
the territory — a claim which was allowed by the
treaty of St. Germain, in ltj.'52. After the sign-
ing of the treaty, the eountry was visited by
two Fieiirh traders named DeGrozellier and
Radis.soii, who tried to iuduee their Government
to establish a colony on Hudson Bay for trading
purposes ; but meeting with no encouragement
at the French Court, they turned their attention
to I'^iigland, Where they met with better success.
Prince Rupert entering warmly into the scheme
and sending them on a trading voyage. Out of
compliment to the Prince the new territory was
called Prince Rupert's Land, and some voyages
were made to it until lt!70, when King Charles
II. uraiited a charter to the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany to prosecute the peltry trade in Rnpert's
Land. The liist expedition under the company
was sent out in 1073, DeGrozellier being en-
gaged as pilot. He, howf;Ver, failed to agree
with his English employ -s. and, l)eing "dis-
missed by them, returned to France and after-
wards to Quebec, where he joined a trading
company, and, together with Radisson, visited
the territory in the French interest. The trade
rivalry between the English and Fiviich soon
grew to considerable proportions ; the traders of
both nations claimed the country, the French
under the treaty of St. Germain, and by virtue
of the Indians having permitted the erection of
crosses marked with the Jleiir de /is— thus ac-
knowledging the sovereignty of France, and the
Hudson's Bay Company on the strength of their
charter from Charles II

4.— Both parties built forts and trading posts,
and it was not long ere they came to an open

rupture as to the right of posse.s
sioii. ill

,,,,,1 I) 1. 1 I'erritury ilainieil hy

HiH^, KadlSSOll, who the Fr.n.h Th.

h, . , ., !• 1 1 i.n iir> eiili'l to iJiK

ad entered the service o| the lamii.v the ireaivoi

, rireeht 1711.

Hudson s Bay ( oinpaiiy, was
despatched to the Bay with five vessels, and
destroyed the factories which the French had
ereited on Nelson River. This led to repristils
on the |)art of the Quebec Company, and, in
IGHtl, the Chevaliers de Troyes and D'Iberville
commanded a body of troops from Quebec, and
succeeded in capturing all the ])riiici|)al forts of
the comi)any. In ItJSlttwo attempts were made
by the Company to recapture their forts, but
both attacks were repulsed by H'Iberville, and
some of the ships ea[)ture(l. ( )tlier forts were
built by the Hudson's Bay Company, and
D'Iberville again attacked them in 1t;94 and
captured all but Fort Albany, on the James
River, which was the only place in the po.sses-
sion of the English Companv at the si"-nina of
the treaty of Ryswick, ltjli7, l)y which each
nation agreed to restore to the other the places
on the Bay they were entided to before the war,
and a Commission was appointed to determine
which those places were. As war broke out
again almost immediately, however, the Com-
missiimers accomplished nothing, and the .siib-
ject remained in dispute until the treaty of
Utrecht, 1713, by which France resigned all
claim to the Hudson's Bay Territory.

0. — The Hudson's liay Company, left in
undisputed possession of the vast territory
enjoyed nearly a century of „

•' ■' •' J i'r..s|ienty nt the

peace and marvellous prosperity. ^;|!"i'',',r ;;i,^"."'';!;',','''!'
The terms of the treaty were so "''^t <^'""Miany. "
vague that the ('ompany had control of the
whole upper portion of the continent, contending
that its possessions stretched to the Rockv
Mountains, including the valleys of the Sitskat-
chewan, Red tind Assiniboim^ Ivivers. These
claims W(»ro not vigorously contested at first
but, as the monopoly began to })e oppressive,
they were disputed, and led to serious compli-
cations. The Company now oruani/.ed on a
large scale ; its alfairs were presided over by a
(lOvernor-iu-Chief. whose headcpiarters were at ■
York Faitory,on the Nelson River; a number of

I !

5(J

TFTTTJ-rs IIIST()I?Y OP TUB DOMINION OK CANADA.

factoiios were t'slahlishtuliit various posts, and a
iinmerons Ibrco ol' voyagers, Uadors, clerks and
servants was employed. These trading posts
were conveniently situated for the aecominoda-
tioii ol' tile roamiiiii' tribes oI' Indians, and an
immense trade in peltries sprang up, whieh was
I continued with great jn-olit until a quarter of a
century after the conquest of Canada hy the
I English, when a formidabli^ rival appeared in
; the North-West {'oni})any. This was composed [
of a number of English and Scotch residents of
Montreal, who had come to Canada after the I
concjuest and engaged in trading in the North-
West Territory, which was defined as stretching
from the head of Lake Superior over the Rocky ,
Mountains to the racilic Coast, north to the '
Frozen Sen. and north-eastward to the limits of
the Hudson's ]]ay Comjiany's domains. These \
traders commenced about ITtJi), and operated |
singly, generally following the old French |
routes in the interior; but, in 1784, they nnited
and formed the North-"\Vest Company, establish-
ing po,sts on the Red River and Lake Winnipeg,
and were soon eminoying a large number of
servants and doing a prosi)erous business.
Their territory, however, encroached on that
claimed by the Hud.son"s Bay Ccnnpauy, and
disputes as to Imundaries ensued, which soon
led to bloody encounters between the emi)lcyees ,
of the rival C()mi)anies.

0. — Although neither of these companies can
claim to have done mu<h in the way of colonizing
till' country, or civilizing the
Indians, their servants made
some valuable explorations and discoveries,
which tended to throw much light on the capa-
bilities and rc.soi;rces of this hitherto unknown
wilderness. In 1(71 John lli'arn, a New Eng-
lander. in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Com- j
l)any, penetrated far into the interior, and dis- |
covered the (.Jreat Slave Lake and the Copper- I
mine River, which latter lie describes in his
report to the Company to be a marvellous
stream, whose banks are almost jmre metal. In
1780, Sir Alexandei Mackenzie, at that time a
Montreal mercliant connected with the North-
West Company, made further explorations to

K.viiliirutiuii unci (li.<-
covcric".

the North-West, and discovered the mighty
river llowing into the Arctic Ocean, which now
bears his name. In 1702 he undertook the
second journey in search of the Peace River,
which he reached, and pushed his way on to the
Pacilic, being the first European who cn'ev
crossed from sea to sea the whole breadth of the
American Continent to the northward, a feat he
accomplished in eleven months from Fort
Chipiowyan. On his Avay across the Rocky
Mountains he discovered the TAcontche Tesse,
the river of the Taculty nation. In 1808 this
river was navigated to its mouth by Mr. Simon
Frazer, who gave it his name, and it is now
known as the famous gold-bearing Frazer
River.

7. — Although the Hudson's Ray Company did
little or nothing itself in the way of colonizing,
it assisted incidentally in that ,.;,„,,|i, ,„„„„ ,„■ ,
direction by selling, in 1811, a lifiyi^'L'^rlf'J^''
large tract of its territory along ^"^'
the Red and A.ssiniboine Rivers to the Earl ol
Selkirk for colonization purposes. The Earl had
v.iude a study of the subject of emigration, on
which he had publishsci a treatise; aiul, desiring
to put his views into active practii'e, purchased
a tract from the Hudson's Bay Company, auu
broiight hither a number of families from Scot-
land, who were afterwards j'onied by some Nor-
wegians and French-Canadians, and, eventually,
formed the nucleus of the present Province ol'
Manitoba. The colonists had to contend against
many hardships and privations at first ; their
crops failed, the Indians were hostile, and
the North-West Company soon began to dispute
the right of the Hudson's Bay Company to sell
territory to which its title was at best doubfful.
CoUisicms between the employees of the rival
companies I)ecame frequent, and for five years
an irregular warfare was kept up. Captain
Milnes McDonnel had been appointed Governor
of the Colony, and established his headquarters
at Fort Dan (now Pembina), but the unfortunate
colonists were driven from their settlements,
their crops destroyed, an<l many of them killed.
A party found temporary shelter at Norway
llosue, one of the principal posts of the Hud-

(iOVHENMKNT oK LOHD MONCK—ISDT— FIRST PARLIAMEXT.

:>i

the mighty
II, which now
udortook the

Peace River,
way on to t he
,n who ever
)reaclth ol' the
\!xvd, a i'eat he I
s from Fort
3S the Eocky
;ontche Tesse,
In 1808 this
by Mr. Simon
nd it is now
arinjy Frazer

C<nni)any did
of colonizing,

sonf^ l>ay Company, near the outlet of J.,ake ]
AVinnipeij-, and alter a while returned to their
settlements, hut were again driven away hy
the servants of the North- West Company. The
connlry linally became .so much disordered that,
in ISlfi, Sir George Drummond, Governor-
General of Canada, sent a regiment of ,soldier,s
to the Red Rive'- to keej) the pcaee. This had
the desired elfect for the time beiim". but mean-
j while another inlluence was at work which was
' destined lo bring about a lasting peace between
the rival companies.

S. — Of course the object of both companies
was to make money, and it was now seen that

am,,i. Mn„n..c,iu- % their mad rivalry, and wan-

\''rli;''Hv'i'^'""'' <o'i destruction (.f each other's

' '"'""■ proi)erty, they were both losing

money instead of making it. No dividends
were declared by the Hudson's Ray 'ompany,
and its directors loncluded that it was about
time that the warfare which was ruining the
ptdtry trade should cease. Overtunvs were
made to the directors of the Nortli-West Com-
pany, which resulted in an amalgamation of the
two companies under the title of the Hudson's
Ray Company, and a new charter was obtained
from the Imperial I'arliament uranting a mon-
opoly of the trade in the vast region between
tlie eonsts of Labrador and Columbia for a long
period of years. With jieace came a return of
prosperity; the Coiui)any again began to nuike
money, the colonists were re-established in
their settlements ami allowed to remain in
undisturbed possession. Cut oli' from the rest
of the ^vol■ld by imnu'iLse stretches of un-
inhabited, and almost uiu'xplored ooiuitry on
every side of them, the colonists l)e<>'an to pros-
per, and gradually built up a number of
thriving settlements along thi' banks of the
Red and .Assiniboine Rivers. In the course of
yenrs. as the settlements of I'pjier Canada
stretched westward, iittention began to l)e
turned to these far-away colonists on the Red
liiver, and wonderful reports were made of the
immense fertility of the soil, which, rudely and
inijx'rl'ectly cultivattu ns it was, uave more
bounteous returns thim some of the best lands

in either Upper or Lower Canada. In 1S.')S, the
Xorth-AVcst Territory attracted considerable at-
tention in Canada, and an attempt was made to
claim it as a portion of Upper Ca ada, the title
of the Hudson's Bay Company l)ein<i- disputed,
but nothing was accomplished imtil after Con-
federation, when a series of resolutions wi>re
introduced in I'arliament by the Hon. Mr.
Macdougall, with the object of annexinu' the
territory to the Dominion.

9. — It was on the fourth f)f December when
Hon. ^Ir. Macdougall introduced the resolutions
already referred to. with a view

,. , . . ,, . . , ., Di'liMie (111 iiiiiim.'

ol l)ringnig this vast territory ih.' .\i.riii\v,-i
iinder the control of the Do-
minion (iovernmeiit. He opened the debate,
which was continued until the eleventh, in an
able .sj)eech, in which he sjioke of the import-
ance of embracing the vast and fertile region
within the l)ounds of the New Dominion; of
the impetus which would be iiiveii to immigra-
tion by opening up this new country to s -ttlers,
and pointed out the necessity of a stable form
of Government being established bei'ore any
large amount of immigration could be attracted
to the territory. He reviewed the claims of the
Hudson's Bay Company to the territory, mid
said that while the Government by no means
admitted the justice or validity of those claims,
it was evident that the Comi)any had some
rights in the matter, and those rights should be
respected sis far as the Company could maintain
them in the courts. He referred to the tenure
under which the Company hidd its title, and to
the counterclaim set up that a laru'e portion of
the territory belonged to France at the time the
Company received its original charter and down
to the coiKiuest, and that it was, therefore,
transferred to England only at that time, and
formed a part of the Province of Canada. He
did not projio.se to discuss the <laiins of the
CompMiiy tlien, but simjily to uru'e that the
Imperial authorities should transfer its title to
the Dominion Government, as provided for in
the British North America .Ait. and the Do-
minion (Iovernmeiit would then be in a position
to consider what cluiras. if any, tlie Conipuny

!i||i !.:

Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DO-MIXTOX OF CAXAHA.

possessed. In sixraming up, he said: "The
position is this. — First, that it is di'siral)l(' that
this country should be trausiorrod i'rom Im-
perial to Canadian authority. Second, that the
control of that i ountry ouiiht to be in the hands
of this Parliament, and under the direction oi'
this leiiislature. Then, il' the ("ompaiiy make
any claim to any portion oi' the soil occupied
by our servants, they will come into the courts
to make liood their claim, aiul they will have
the riii'ht, il' the derision is adverse to them, to
appeal to the Pri\'y Council." The debate was
participated in by over i'orty members oi' the
House, very lull and Tree exidanations and
expressions oi' opinions being made by both the
supporters and o])poneuts ol" the measiire. The
arg'timents in I'avor ol' acquirinu' the territory
may bi' briefly summarized as I'ollows: The
necessity I'or a more extended lield lor coloniza-
tion, experience havini;' shown that thousands
ol immigrants yearly passed throuiih Canada on
their way to the liiited States, nniny oi" whom
could be induced to remain il' the Government
iuid any suitable lands to oiler them Tree, as the
I'liitccl States had; the importance of acquirinu'
the territory to prevent its being absorbi'tl by
the United States, which had jiist acquiri'd
K'ussian America, ami showed a disposition to
aniu'X the Red Kivcr Territory; the iinnn-nse
adsanlaue to the whole country of having its
territory extend from the Atlantic to the I'aiilic.
and the moral obliuatiou to provide for the
settlers on the lied Uiver a stable form of
government, which they did not possess under
tlie rule ot the Ilud.son's Bay Company. It was
denied that the resolutions imi>lied any acknow-
ledgment ol I lie ^•laims of tile lliid^on's Itay
Company, and the Minister of I'ublic Works
clearly explained the position of the Govern-
ment on that point as follows: "In regard to

' the (piestion of terms, the honorable ucntlcman
had prcleiided that ( lo\ friimeiit was prepared
to recoii'iiize the riulit of the Hudson's liay Cmii-
pany to demand a large sum of money from the
people of this country, lie denied there was
such iiiti'iition. From the beginning of the

I (li.sciissiou down to the last hour, the Govern-

ment of Canada had denied the lesal claims ol
the Hudson's Bay Company to that portion of
territory lit for settlement. They proposed to
claim this country as being part of New France,
as having been ceded to the English Govern-
ment in 1760, and as having remained in that
position from that time down to the preseiii.
As to Ivupert's Laud, that was an open point —
they did not propose to settle that by these
resolutions— that wcmld be left to the leual
tribunals of Canada, and every British subjei i
would have the riaht to appeal from these to
the highest tribunals of the Mother Country.'
10. — But although there was murh to say in
favor of the measure, the Oi)j)osition found
considerable to advance aa'ainst o.,.,,,,!,;,,,,,,, ,1,^.
it. It was urged that the Domin- ■\'"""""i""'
ion had already enough territory, and was not
in a |>osition. linaiicially, to warrant the acquire-
ment of a tract of country — a large part ol which
was uttvrly worthless — iuvolvinii' the expendi-
ture of a sum of money variously estimated by
the speakers at i'rom live to twenty millioi-s oi
dollars; that the enlargement of the frontier ol
the Dominion by more than a thousand mih'>
would be an increased source of weakness in
the event of war, and would be apt to lead to
complications with the United States, or to war
between the Indians of the two countries ; that
the establishment of courts, a i)olice i'one and
other lu'ces.sary machinery oi" government would
involve a much larger outlay than there was
any prospect of receiving an adetpuite return
for; that the people of the lied liiver country
did not want annexation, and that it was highls
impolitic to accprire a territory the only access
to which at present, was through the United
Slates, and the expense of nniking a road to
whieh on Canadian soil would be very great
With regard to the claims of the lliulson's Bay
Company, some of the opponents of the resolu-
tions held that tlie Company had forfeited whal
title it ever had under the charter of KiTO, l)y
never having complied with its terms willi
reference to colonization aiul civilizing the
Indians, while others held that the charter
never was valid, as it had been granted bv

i loii'al claims of

that portion of
ey proposed to

of New France,
Jnijlish Govcrii-
■niained in that

to the present,
in open point —
! that by these
rt to the lei-al

British subjici
il I'rom these to
ther Country.'

niufh to say in
)])Osition loniul

(i|.;i(Pi-ili"n III the
Aiinc'Xiition.

ry, and was not

ant the acquire-

^■e part oi whieli

vj: the expendi-

ly estimated by

eiity niillioi's ol'

he Irontier oi'

thousand mih's

of weakiu'ss in

apt to lead to

States, or to war

countries ; that

>oli(e lone and

crnment would

than there \vas

de([uate return

lii\ er coiuitry

t it was hiiihl\

he Oldy aeres> |

h the United '

iinii' a road to

bi' very great.

Hudson's Bay

s ol' the resolu-

'ort'eited what

ter oi' KITO, by

ts terms with

' i\ ilizin<>' the

it the charier

II u'ranled by

(iOVKKXMHXT OK LOIU) MONCK—lSdT— FIRST HKSSIOX oF I'ARI.FAMKXT.

.•)!•

Charles II, without the consent ol' Parliament ;
that the Company had thorel'ore no claim, and
were not entitled to anything'. Mr. Howe
pointed out tiiat the capital ol' the Hudson's
Bay Company, which was only .€ 1.000.000 live
years auio, had been inllated to twice that
amount as soon as it was known tliat Canada
wanted the territory, and the inilatod sum of
ten millions of flollans was what the (roverii-
ment would be expected to pay : a sum alto-
gether unii'asonnl)le, and more than the country
could ali'ord to pay.

11. — On the motion to concur in the resolu-
tions as r<'i)orted from the committee of the
whole, Mr. Holton moved the
ri'iV." following amendment ; "That,

duced and amended by Mr. Maedougall were
then adopted, and a seh>ct committee ap-
pointed to di'aw up an address embodying
them.

.■\ini'nil

l,y .Ml-. 1 1.. 11
re^niiitiMiis

iiH'itt i.rf.i
1 1. I..... ii

Hlnptcl.

CIIAITER V.

(I'OVI-RX.MFA'T OF I.Ol.'D MONCK — isOS— FIR.ST
.^IXSJUX OF l'AI!l.iA.MP:XT.

1. Death OI- Hox. FEitciTssoN Blaii!. Vaca.n-
ciE.'^ IN Tin: Cahi.mct. — 2. Nova ScotiaV

i:i''l-ORT.s TO (lET OUT OF THIC UnIOX.—
:!. MfllDKl! OF TIIK IIo.V. TllOMAS D'AltCV

aeordinu- to the provisions of Mc(!i:e.— 4. His Muimiei; i<ie i;i:sni/r of

British Noi'.h Am.M-ica Act, ISOT, an Order in
Council founded on an address of the Canadian
Parli.iment to the Queen, i)raying that Rui)ert's
Land and the North- Western Territory should

HIS ATTACKS O.V i'"i:.\l ANISM,

Al.'KEST

AND

IMA I,

OK WlIKI.AN FOI! McCiEl'.

MrRDi'.R. — (J. Condemnation and Exeoi-

TKJN iiF ^VIIELAN.— 7. TllE ClVIl. ^iEKVICE

be united to this Dominion on the terms and in ' ItiLL. — s. I'As.-^AiiK

>F HIE MlMITA 1)11,1.,

such address set ibrth, would ha\e the full lor

Some

I IF ITS ri!I\('Il'AI, l'l!(>VIS!(iN,«

and

•li'ect

of an Imperial statute, and would !•. Miscem.a.neois Acts I'

\>.<i:i).

uiMtn th<

bind this House to i)rGvide whatever sum of'

money niiiiht be required to extinguish the 1.— The sessions of the Local Leuishitiin

claims of the Hudson's I'ay C()mi)aiiy upon the Ontario and f^uebee followed (

said territory, and that to pledge irrevocably j adjournment of the House of

jmhlic funds to the payment of a large and in

delinite .sum for the extinction of vaiiue aiu

dou])tl'ul claims would be iilike u

nwi.se on

urounds of <i-eneral policy, and imprudent in
view of the ])resent linancial position oi' the
country : and that it is, therefiuv, inexpedient
to adopt an address under the 14(Jth clau.se of
the Jiritish North America Act of iSdT, until
I lie iialur(>, extent; and \alue of the claims wi<h
wliicli the territories in (juestion are burdened,

li.'^iili iif lliiii, .Mr.

Il;lh,

Conimons, and the pid)iic alien- liinr.-eniii
tion of these rrovinces was oecii-
l)ied for about two nionths with the measures
of the new administrations which iiad been
brought into existence l)v Confederation. We

diall

not enter into any dehiils o|

ro\ incinl

nnitters in this part of the present voiiiiiie. as ail
nniliers peitaining to the Trovinces in their

lial

De ;i

scertained.

Aft

er a sliort

ite Ih

iiiendineni was i)ul, aiul lost on a division bv

ote ,,f 41 to 104.* The re.solut

ions as

inti'i

X.ivs,— ,\Ios*r». Aliliiill. Ari'lmiiiliiiiill. Aiill. Iti'ily. iti.iiilii,.

, isi'. liviiiiil. !!<.

lU'rtriiinl. llliMii'lii

l!i"l»..||. Ili.li

ll.'ll,.
Ii..\\i'll.

Ill, llnwii, l!niii"0.iii. Iliiriiw. I'liii.in. Ciinii.piii i lliiniii) Cuiiii.l.rll.

Ciirliiii:. Cm Ml. Curl, it. Cii..:iiiiIi. C,i,vIi.> . I'lininlit.rliii. Ciiii

iiwliinl (III k,i|lul. i:

e.iilij

ll.il.l.i

I In

Ihi

riiwrnnl <I.i'in1-i. Ciiriii.r, llimii-t, lli.«,iii|i,i(.

I'l

l.ili

ilil.li.s ifrii.v. cIriiMM-. Imriir. Iliml, lliir.l.ui, ,lii,l(-"

ll,lll.lli'r. lilMlill-'l, lirllilrnll,

.li.lii

K.'i'li'

Till' l.rllonilliT i,« ill,, villi'

III

II' Illllt'lllllllI'Ml

\ i:AS.--.Mcf...rM. .\iii.-liii. l;. iliiiril, llliikf. Ili

iirii<,-ii. Ciinii'riiiiilnvc'rnrM^I.

cliiU'l, Chi'Mil. Clii|iiii,iii, Cnllin. ('iiiiiii'll, C, k, llnri I'nrlii

lliiVM'. lllUllilli.-liill, ,lnl.v, .liiiii'v l||;,|{

Fill

lirr, lll'il

Iri.

11, liiiilli

,11

illiii

lilX), .Inlll'S

(1,1

I'll- Mill

ri'in

(III

'Mirjirr.v),

1 Ilhl

(Aiitiiiii

.Mr

U'III.'IIC,V.

.\|

'l.l'llllll.

I'll

ini'l

li.uiml. Siiiiili.s

tiuiily, S

IVII

y,l

kl'11/.il'. .Miiuill, .\|;l

.Mni'i|i.iii.Mll. .Mi'liri'

Mi'l-'.irliMi', .Mil.'
iliiiiKi'.<), .Mi'Ciilliim, Mi'C.iriJiy, ,\l,.C,piiki'y,

illi'i, Kii'rkow.ki,
iii>li). Mi'liiiiiiii.l (I

M.'Mnll

.Mi'li'iiiiilil imr. (Hi

.Mi'i.-illV, .Mill., Ml,

. li'.Milliiii (Itc-iiuoiii'lii'l. .Mi'.Milhiii fViiii'lri

nil).

Ml-

I'.

nil IVii'liiriii), .Mil

ii'Ci.ii-

Hill. INi|iu. I'liuliiit. IN

I. I'nwi'r. liny. Him." I\'i,'|

uiii'iiliiirif). iMMs.-iiii, Ki'yiiiil.l, ll,.liiiiii|li', H,,,«,., i{,„v (|iiiii,|,i«). H"-- (I'riii.'i' Kihuinli'

Kiiiil. Ki'.ll.inl,

rcMiililii

■II,

iriii. N'.S,). Siiyili'r. Si.rmil. Sii'plii

I I'll,
siirliiii. 'I'liniMii.Min (ILii'liiii'iiiill 'riMi'.v,

Wiilnli, Wflil), Wi'lli-, Whi.i'. Wliitolii'ini, WIImim, Wriulit.— HH.

tin

TITTLKS IIISTOIJV ol' I'llK DOMlxVlOX Ol" CANADA.

sepuratf capiuities will l>o Ibuiul in aiiollifr
part ol' lliis work : Wf will, thcrcrorc, jur tlu-
pvi'sciit. coiiliiu> oursolvos lo llic sessions ol' the
Dominion Parliament and to sn«h nnittors as
have some weight and bearing on the whole
Dominion The iirst event ol" Dominion im-
portance which occurred alter adjournment was
the death of the Hon. A. J. Fergusson I'dair,
President ol' the I'rivy Council, at his residence
in Ottawa, on iOth December alter a very short
illness. The death ol' Mr. Blair caused another
vacancy in the Cabinet, two memheis ot which
had already failed to .secure seats— Hon. A. G.
Archil)ald, Secretary of State lor the Provinces,
who was defeated in Nova Scotia, and Hon. J.
C. C'hapias, Minister of Agriculture, who was
a candidate in Kanmuraska County, where
the election was delayed on account of a row
on election day. The latter, however, accepted
a seat in the Sei.ate. and retained his portfolio
until IGth November, isTO. The (]uestion was,
therefore, raised as to whether the Premier j
would take advantage of the opportunity thus '
oll'ered to redui-e the number of Cal)inet Minis- :
ters. it liavinii' been staled \v. aniiounciiig the !
Iirst Cal)iiiet lliat some of the departments were
expel inieiitary, and might be merged into others,
and till' number thus reduced, in conformity
with the ideas of a large set tion of the Reform i
parly, which desiredthe ulniost economy in the
condxu,'t of public all'airs. No chaiig»'s were ;
made, however, before Parliament re-assembled. !

2. — An attempt was made to resume the first
session of Parliament on the l'2th of March, but,
.. ^ ,. , , as onlv about sixty members
"''"■■''• were pre.seiit, business was not

proccedefl with until the lollowing Monday
One of the Iirst ([uestioiis which oceuined the
attention of the House was the appointineni of
the Hon. Dr. Tupper on :i special mission to
EuLilaiid with reference to Nova Scotia all'airs.
E.\l)laiialion was nnide to the ( llect that the
Local Legislature of Nova Scotia, haviiuiiidopti'd
an luhlress to Her Majesty, praying i'or a rej)cal
of the I'nion Act, and appointed the Hon. yiv.
Howe and three other gentlemen to pre.><ent it.
it was thought advisible by the Dominion Ciov-

ernmentlhat some trusty agent should be .sent to

London who could |)resent the views of the

Union party to the Imperial authorities, if found

necessary. It was not considered desirable to

send a member of th(> Cabinet, as that miiiht

have been construed into an admission tliat the

subject of repeal was oi)en to discussion and

reconsideration, a jioint which the (iovernment :

by no nu'ans admitted ; it had, therefore, been

thought advisable to select some gentlemen who

thoroughly understood the alleged grievances

of the Nova Scotians, and who wer" ])repared

to answer the ariiiiments of the delegates.

Messrs. Tupper and (!all had been retpiesled to

accept the mission, l)Ut the laitt r had declined.

on the ground that he considered that ihe Hon.

Dr. Tupper's ai)pt>intment would teiul to still

further estrange the Nova Scotians, and the

latter had proceeded alone. In the discussion

which followed the explanation, several of the

Nova Scotia members deprecated the action of

the (iovernment, and expressi'd the o[)iiiioii that

the ai)pointment of ibe Hon. Dr. Tupper would

intensify the fi'eling in Nova Scotia a'jainst the

'Union; and some members of the ( )pposition

held that althouuli the Doctor was well (|ualilied

on account of his personal knowledee of the

s\d)jccl, the appointment was ill-advi.sed, as it

made Ihe (iovernment ai)pear to espouse his

cause auainst Mr. Howe and the anii-Union

parly, ami would only make the feeling

stronger against Confederation. After some

discussion on the advisil)ility of sending an

auenl, the matier was droppi'd.

o. — Parliament had been in session about

three weeks, and the Currency and Militia

l.nis were well proceeded with, .v,,,,,,, „,■„,.. ii„„.
when an event occurred which ni.-.hA.v.v.M.Mi..,..

threw the consideration of all other subjects
aside, and caused a wave of sorrow ami con-
sternation lo sjiread throughout the whole
Dominion. A wail of grief, a thrill of horror
and shame pcr\ aded nearly all classes when it
was Hashed over tlu^ w ires on the morning of
the seventh of Ai)ril. IsilS, thai the Hon,
Thonuis D'Arcy McOee had been foully muj*
I dered as he was entering his boartling-house on

)uUl bo scut to
views of the
•itios, if I'ound
■d (Icsirubli' to
IS that iniaht
issioii that tho
isciissioii and
» (rovoniment
lorelbre, been
iMitUMiicii who
id grievances
vere jM'epared
he dcleii'atos.
11 requested to
liad declined,
that the Hon.
I tend to still
Jans, and tlie
hi' discussion
sc\i'i'iil ol' the
1 the ai'lion ol'
le opinion Ihat
I'uppi'r would
ia :ii2'ainst the
he ( )pposition
well (lualilled
vlediic ol' the
adxiscd, as it
espouse his
anti-Union
the feeling
After some
sending an

sessiDU al)mil
and Militia

^liii'.ln Hi ll,.' Hum.
I'll..-. ir,\iv> .M.'liTO.

tiler SUl)j^'el^

rn\\ and con-
Ihc whole
rill (if horror
i^scN when it
e morning of
It ihe Hon.
I'duIIv nnij-
ingdiouse on

<;n\ KIJNMKNT OF i,Ul!l) MoNCK — IS(J8— FIli.sT SIISSION OF I'A 1(1,1 A. M K N'f.

Sparks street, at. i.W a.m., having just left the
Mouse of Comnions. Mr. Mc(}ee attended the
House on the ni^iht of tin' sixth, ,ind delivered
an elfcotivc specih i>n the nioli.ni to recall J)r.
I Tuiiper from England (which was withdrawn),
in which he urycd temperance, kindness and
I conciliation in dealing with No\a Scotia, and
j strongly dei'Vi'ca'ed the course oi those un'm-
j bcrs who would swerve from the path of duty
I and .sacriiicc the best interests of their country
tc u'ain a little personal popidarity, little think-
ing then how scion his devotion to his adopted
country, and his strict perfornuince of his duty,
at the ex])ense of persoiuil popularity, would
cost him his life. The JIou.se did not adjourn
until after two o'clock in the inorning, and Mr.
McGee lingered a few minutes in the h)bby.
then lit a cigar, aiul started on his w ay to Mrs.
Trotter's boarding- house ()n Sparks street,
wliere he resided, accompanied by Mr. li. Mac-
l''arlane. M. 1'., and three me.s.sengers of the
House. lie parted from his companions at the
corner of Sparks and Metcalfe streets, and pro-
ceeded westwards alone along Sparks stre
towards his boarding-house. A few minutes
later, a son of Mrs. Trotter, who was a page in
the House, while on his way home heard a
pistol shot, and on reacliinii- his mother's door
found ]\Ir. McClec lyinii' dead on the sidewalk.
The unfortunate gentleman had idaced the latch-
key in the lock, and was, jirobably, ))onding for-
ward a litl le to open the door, when his assassin
canii' up behitid hiui, placed tho pistol so close to
his head that the hair was .scorched. The ball
entered the neck Just at the base of the brain, a
little to the right, and passing through the mouth
— kiioekinu' on! three teeth and the cigar he was
smokinii- — lodged in the door. He died almost
in.^tantly, and ulthou-jh many of his friends
lodiivd n the house were (puckly on the spot,
no assistance could hi' rciulered him, neither
could anything he seen or heard of his assailant.
4.— The utmost indignation was nnmij'ested
in Ottawa and other la rue cities when the
Intel liticnce of the murder was

Ml' iiiiir.liT llio

iwiiiiiii hi.si i.i,ii.- spread, and the excitement ran

"11 ri'i ■'ill. ■11

especially high in Montreal,

which was known to contain many Fenians
and their sympathisers — there being no doubt
whatever entertaiiu'd but that Mr. Mctlee's
murder was the work of that body, out of re-
venge for exposures he had threatened of the
workinu:s of that body, and his fearless and
persistent ell'orts to keep his countrymen from
joining the oruaiiizaiion. A notorious Fenian
has written a book in which he parades the
names of all the traitors, murderers and thieves
who sulfered some just punishment for their
crimes committed in Ihe name of Fenianism,
and styles them -martyrs" or "heroes " ac-
cording to his fancy ; but the truest, noblest
and greatest hero evoked l)y the wicked brother-
hood was Thomas D'Arcy MctJee, and he was
the onlj- martyr who \\as sacriliccil, not in the
cause of I'cnianism, but in the cause of lovally j
and order, of justice ami right, l)y a Fenian. \
Well might Sir John A. Macdonald say of him :
"He might have lived a lonu' and respected life
had he chosen the easy path of popularity
rather than the stern one of duty. He has
lived a short life, respi'ded and beloved, and
ha,' died a heroic death, a martyr to the cause of
his country. How easy it would have been lor
him, had he chosen, to have sailed along the full
tide of popularity with thousands and hundreds ;
of thousands, without the loss of a siimle
plaudit, hut he has been slain, and I fear slain
becau.se he preferred the ))alh of duty." At the
meeting of the House on the seventh, ulowinii'
eulouiums were pronounced on the murdered
man by Sir .John A. Macdonald. Sir (leorge E.
Cartier, lion. Mr. Chaiiveaii. ^b'ssrs. Mickenzie, '.
Chamberlin, An-ilin and McDonald (Lunen- !

burg), and the Hous Ijourncd out of respect '

to his memory until after the funeral, which
took place at Montreal on the l.iih, and was the
largest ever known, over twenty thousand per-
sons being in the procession, 'i'jie funeral was '
at the public expense, and Parliament showed
its aiipreciatioii of Mr. Mctlee's services by
voting a pension ol t-inO per annum to his ,
willow, and .€1,0(10 to each of his two daughters, '
to be held in trust, and tlu' interest, at (i per
cent., paid them.

(12

TITTLKS lirsToRY Ol' THE DOMINIOX OF CANADA.

5. — On lln^ <liiy (>r tho iiu;rdfv th(> Koiniiiion

Government oH'ered ;i larni' reward lor I he

apprehension of the murderer,

An-i'St iiimI tri;il nf i i - i i i i

wiiihiii r..r M.ce.v and thi.s was supplemented bv
oilers Irom the Quel)ei' (jovern-
ment, the City of Ottawa and otlier sonrcos, so
that the utoss amount sw<'IIed up to about
s20,0(t0. The detectives ol Montreiil and other
cities came at once to Ottawa and joined thc^r
efforts to those oi' the local ibree to discover tin*
ii'uilty i)erson or persons. Sevei-al arrests were
made the first day ol' susi)erted jiarties. and, the
Habeas Corpus Act heing suspended, a large
number ol' persons in ( tttaw a, 'J'oionto and
Montreal were aj)prehended during' the ensuinu-
week or two, not only on the chanre of imi'lica-
tion of murder, but on the mere suspicion of
Ix'iiij^' l'"enians. Soon suspicion as to the mur-
derer narrowed itself down to one man — Patrick
•lames Whelan — who had been arrested on the
ei;ihth. and the (>vi(Ienie aiiainst whom S"'emed
very strong-. The tVn'oner's Jury returned an
open verdict, but tho investigation was re-opened
before the Tolice Magistrate, and. after a lonu'
examination. Whelan was committed for trial at
till' next Asstzes. on the ehari'-e of havinu' mur-
dered Thomas D'Arey MeGee, while a numl)er
of others were held as accessories before the
fact. The g-enerally accepted theory oi the
murder was that it was the result of a Fenian
conspiravy formed in ^lontreal : iliat six men
had drawn lots to determine wlio should com-
mit the deed, and that the lot had fallen to
Whelan. An ellbrt was made, as soon as Whelan
had been committed for trial, to induce Sir .Tolin
A. ^lacdoiiald to cause the ai)pointment of a
Special Commission to try him in anticii)ation
of the regular I'"all Assizes, but he wisely with-
stood the i>ressure. nnd let the law take its usual
course. The trial • ommenced at ( )ttawa on the
seventh of September, before His Honor Chief
Justice Kii hards and a jury, and lasted eiuht
davs.* Mr. U'Keillv wa^ Crown Prosecutor,

• 'I'ho iiiiiiu'.-* uT till' jury W'Tf :

Williiim I'unlv. riicnim- Uvulli.rly, Willl.iiu .M..ni.iij. I{..IhtI \V.
liriiwii. .Iiiliii iwili',-. .Iiilin \Vil«ciri. .MMllI.eiv IIit'iii. Williiiiii (JiiiiiMu,
(iuuritc KiiviiiihkIi, a. Mrllaiiivl, Ui'iijiiiiiiii HoiIkIiik hihI SuiiiiiuI Cuiiii.

and Messrs. John Hillyard (Vtmeron, Matti.-nv
Crooks Cameron, and P. .T. IJuckley ai)pe;'. red
for the prisi^ner. The evidenee agrainst AVhelau
may be summed up as follows : He was proved
to have used .hreateninLs' languane towards Mr.
McCree during the time of his election compaign
aii'ainst Mr. Devlin, as well as afterwards. He
was shown to have i)ass(Ml under the names of
Sullivan and Smith at various times, under the
former of which he was arrested for Feiiianism.
and umler the latter he visited Mr. McCK-es
house while that gentleman was ill, on a pre-
tence that his (Mr. McGee's) hinise would be
set on lire, but seemed disconcert ed when the door
was locked on him belore he saw Mr. McGee,
and appeared as if his plan, whatever it was,
had miscarried. As to his direct conn(>ction
with the murder, he was proved to have b(>en
in the gallery of the House of Commons
several times on the night of the sixth of
Ai>ril, and to have behaved in so <-.ngular a
manner as to have attracted the attention of one
ol the messiMigers as veil as the doorkeeper, the
messenii'er seeing him shake his linger at Mr.
Mc(!ee in a threatening' manner when he was
speaking; he was shown to have been in the
habit of carrying a pistol, and, when arrested, a
six-barrelled Smith & Wesson revolver was
i'ound on him, one chamber of which uave
evidence of having been recently discharged,
and a new cartridge placed in it, and the bullet
which had killed Mr. Mc(5ee. and which was
Uniiid in the door of the boarding house, corres-
ponded with those in the cartridn'cs in the
pistol I'ound on Whelan. There were also
minor details of circumstantial (-^idence which
pointed to Whelan as the murderer : but, so iar.
the evidence was only ( ircumstaiitial, and
scarcelv eiioimh to convict on. Direct evidence
was not wantiiiii'. however, and althouiili counsel
for the deteiice tried to shake the testimony, it
was not materially oli'ected ; the evidence was
thai of Jean Haptiste Lacroix, a iM-ench Canadian
laltorer, who swore to having witnessed the
murder, and of JJetective ( 'uUeii, of the Montreal
Police l''orce, who testilicd to having heard
Whelan confess the murder to a companion

flOVERNMKNT OF LOIM) MONCK— ISi;?- -IRST SESSloX OF PAJ^IJAMENT.

(i3

iiaiiK'd Doyle, who was undt'V arrest a.s iiu ac-
"(unplicc, ill the jail at Ottawa — Oullcii ln'ing'
conicalcd, and tho mtMi .sui)posing' theinsdviw
to !)<• alone.

*J. — l.,acroix was an iunoraiif man, whose
evidence was not very clearly niven, but he

c,„„i,.i„„,„j,„ I stood the test oi' cross-exainiiia-

ex.vufu,,,,! ui„i,,n. ^.j^j ^.jthoiit dama<?in<? his state-
ment, and his ignorance and evident Tear oi'
gettinu' into the meshes of the law in any way
went I'ar to disj)rove the theory that he had
made up the story for the sake of livtting the
large rewards offered, which was the defence
set up. Culh'irs evidence was attempted to he
discredited on the same ground, but as it was
corrobor.;!cd by a man named Iless who was
with him, and as the deleiK e did not i)roduce
the prisoner Doyle, with whom the conversation
was alleged to have taken place, in rebuttal, the
inference is that Cullen's evidence was true,
and <()uld not be successfully met and dis
proved. The friends of Whelan were very
active, and he had the benefit of the best coun-
sel to defend liim, but the case was too clear,
and a verdict of "Guilty" was returned after |
the jury had considered the e\idence for one
night. AViiv... ..^ked if he had anything to say
in his defence. Whelan made a long address to '
the Court, in which lie protested his innocence,
and tried to make it appear that he was a
martyr to the i>ublic demand for some one to be
punislied for Mr. McGee's murder. He was
then sentenced to be hung on the tenth of ])e-
cember. An attempt was made l)y some of
Whelan's friends to show that the murd.-r was
committed by a man named DiMit, who shot
himself on the day after the assassination, imt
the evidence adduced at the Coroner's imjuesi
on i' 'lit showed that he had been dnuik lor
several days, and that not only could he not
have murdeied McGee. but that it was highly
improbable that he had even heard of Mr.
Mc'Jee's death when he committed suitide.
Every effort which leu'al ing«>nuily could devise
was resorted to by the Hon. John lliilyard
Cameron, and the other counsel of Whehm. (o
have his sentence set aside and a m'w trial

granted, but in vain, and the most that was
accomplished was a p()sti)onement of the seii-
1 tence, and consequent prolongation of the un-
fortunate man's life to the 11th Febriuiry, IStlO, |
': when he was hanged in the jail yard at Ottawa. I
Immediatidy after the trial application was
madti for a new trial on the grouiul of irregu-
, larity at the first trial, but the application was j
I refu.sed. An ai>peid was then made to the
j Court of J'h-ror and Appeal, and decision given
by a full court on '2-2nd January, l.stJli, to the
effect that the error committed at the trial —
that of refusintf to allow Jonathan Sparks to be
challenged for cause before all the perem[)tory
challenges were exhausted — was not material
to the case, and, therefore, the api)licalion for
a new trial was denied, six of the Judges
agreeing in the ju(li;nient, and four dissent-
ing.* Ai)plicalion was then maih- by Mr.!
Cameron for leave t(> appeal to the Imperial
j I'rivy Council, but the Court held, unanimous- \
ly, that it had not the right to grant an appeal, 1
I as the :i!)th section of the " Act respi'ctiny' the
Court of Error and Appeal," after pointing out >
the way in which an appeal nniy bt^ l)rought |
before that court in criminal cases, says : '• .\nd
every rule or order of the Court of Error and
Appeal shall be final.'' Application w;.s then j
made to the Governor-General in Council for a '
further respite until an answer could be ob-
tained from the Judicial Committee of the Im- j
perial Privy Council whether an apjieal would
lie entertained without the authority of the
Canadian Court : this respite the Governor in
Council declined to grant, holding that the
(juestion rai.sed was purely one of hiw, and
having been decidetl in the Court of limn- and
Apjieal, the Government could not interfere,
and that the sentence of the Court must be
executed. It must be remembered that during
this elllirt to get up a new trial, no plea was
iiiaile of AVhelan's innocence, nor ol' the dis-
covi'ry of any fresh evidence which would tend

'■''I"' •■ ■' Wii- 'livi'iod II- j-.ill.nv.. :~|-„r a iii'W Iriiil : Cliii 1 .lii>li.-i.

Ilii^ifty, Cli:iii,.,.i|..r ViiiiU..iik'lii.ct. Vi.'.-CliiiiM-.M.ir S|.nii.'i.'i', .liiMi.M'
Miiiri.''iiii.— I. AKiiin-t M iinv ;riiil: C'li, f .liisii,r |)i'.i|m i, Cliiri .lu-ii,,.
Hii'hiinl-. Vici'-Ch.iiiicllnr .M.iWMi, .Iii.Ikcs ciwMini', .lulin \\ i|.,,ii \,||ii||
Wil.-Mii.-il. i

\i V

I'H

:l \

fj»

Tl'TTLKS inSTOI.'V Ol' TIIK DO.MIXIOX OF CAXADA.

lo clciiv him ol' guilt, but iIk^ wholi' ph>a was
liasrcl on a Iciiiil error whirh did not afFcct the
merits oi' llio eiitse at all. lor the juror challen^'od
did not serve on the jury, and to the mind oi'
laynii'U it was impossible to see what differ-
ence it made whether he was fhalltMiired per-
emiitoiily or lor caiisi'. Duriiui' tlie ellorts to
obtain a new trial, ^Vhelan had bi'on removed
lo the jail in Toronto, but on the day the jud<i'-
ment of the Court of J-lrror and .Appeal was
delivered. 22nd January, he was ri'Inrned to
Carleton County jail in Ottawa, and kept under
li'uard there until h ■a'rui.n. Throughout
the entire time of 1 '' .prisonment, Whelan
displayed Lireat eooln-. .id .•'■ command, and
eontinued to plead thai ! was .lOt g'uilty ; and
two days belore the exeeution he z'* ule a state-
ment before Mr. ( )"Gara, Police Magistrate, and
Mr. Lees. County Attorney, to the ell'oct that he
did not lire the fatal shot, but that on the niiiht
of the murder two men were hidden near Mr.
McGee's resideuee, and that he was simply de-
tailed to watih th'.t gentleman's movements
and give them wari'ing when he was cominir,
which he (lid, and the sh^t was lired by (me of
them, llt^ did not. uive any names, Init stated
he l)elieved the re;, I murderer would be dis-
covered. Very little credit was given to this
statement, as ii v.i.s altogether at variance with
the facts discovered at the time of the murder,
both with reirard to the condition of the snow
in the vacant lot through which the murderer
'.vas sui)posed to ha\e escaped — which only
showed the tracks of oiu^ man who.se footprints
corresponded exactly with the boots found on
Whelan, in size and shape — aiul the brightness
of the iiiooniiiiht. which nuvde it remarkable
that i'\ t'U one man could escape without notice.
Whelan had the constant attendance of the
clergy of his Church during his last hours, and
at six o'clock on the morning of the eleventh,
mass was celebrated in his cell, and he received
the last .sacranuMit — havinu' previously con-
lessed. .\t a (juarter to twelve he was pinioned,
and, shortly afl<'r\viMds, londueled to the scaf-
fold, whither he wns accompanied by the Rev.
Fathers O'Connov, Collins and Lambert. lie

was calm, collected and lirm, walkinu' with a
steady step lo the gallows, and made the re-
sponses '• Lord have mercy on my .soul." to the
l..itany for the dying, in a dear, audible voice,
A very larae crowd, variously estimated at
from four to seven thousand jiersons. had as-
sembled to witness the execution, and fears of
a disturl)ance being entertained, two comi)anics
of the 00th Ililles. under command of Lord A.
Iliissell, were drawn up in the jail yard, and all
the available police force put on duty, Imt the
crowd was very orderly, and nothing occurred
beyond the pickina- of a few pockets. At the
conclusion of the Litany, "Whelan addressed a
few words to the crowd,* in which he asked
forgiveness from those ho had oll'ended against,
and prayed God to l)less Ireland and have
mercy on his soul, but did not say that he was
innocent. He th(Mi knelt in prayer on the drop,
and a second or two ai't(n' the bolt was drawn,
and he was launched into eternity. Application
had been made by his wile for the body, which
it was at oiu> time decided to give her, but it
becoming known that it was intended to give
it a grand funeral in Montreal — which would
in all probability have led to bloodshed between
the Roman Catholics and Protestants in that
i city — it was deemed most prudent to refuse the
I request, and have the body interred in the jail
I yard. So ended the last act of tht> tragedy
j of D'Arcy McGee's nnu-der ; and althouuh there
! were, an<' still are. many who believe that
AVhelaii either did not lire the fatal shot, or that
he was merely a tool in the haiuls of otheis,
there were fen' who were not convinced that he
was, at least, a party to the act before its com-
mission, and that he deserved his i'ate.

7. — (,)n the re-assemblinir of Parliament on
14th April, after adjournment out of respect to

• .A? Ilicrc iiro vovrral vcr.«inn« "f wluit ^Vlu■IJln Piii'I. we triv nil \y<
Imvi- lit liiiiiil : il will lir ."t'l'ii lliiil llu'y il" mil ■IHIit m.iliTiiill.v :

■■ Frii'iiil* anil ri'llinv-riMiiitryiiu'ii.— I iiiMrc.-.- ii lew wunlf tn .mhi u|

thir* j'oli'inn iiceii^inii. I lrM.«t yon will pardon thi^ my oflViire. I n.-^k if
Iriiin lilt' iMittoin of my heart in tlii.'' solunin hour. Kroiii all » liuin I havi'
iiiiiiri-il !>>' woril- art or «l('i.-it. I a.«k rori.'iv(MK'>s. (iinl savr Irclamt, aiut
lioil -jivr niy soul.''

" Irii'iKl- ami ri'lluw-cili/..'ii.'',— I have liiit a lew worils to "uy to yon on
thi'i itM'lanclioIy ociM>ioit. I linnilily ask the ror*ri\ enes.< ol' any to whom
I may have ilone liarin. ami I I'oriEive all those who ha\e wroiiKe>l ine.
.M.i\ licul "live (icior Irelaiel. ami (on| <jivi' my ■oiil. "

<i(»VKI!N'Mi;NT OF LOUD MONCK— 1807 -FIKST SKSSTOX OF PARLIAMKXT.

(J,')

Tlic *'i\ il Si-i'\ii-c
Dill.

Mr. Mrtlcc's incniory, l.iisiiu'ss
was i'ai)i(lly puf^hed through, and
tlu' first .-t'ssion of thf lir>l Parliaineiit ol'
raiiiida was closed on the 2:211(1 May. Mi'icty-
llirt'c l)ills in all were assented to by the Gov-
ornoi-(ieneral, and three held over for Imperial
assent. Of these, tvv() on the extradition of
criiiiiiials to till United States, and fur the
divorc" of Mr. Whiteaves from his wile. Julia
Wolf, lor cause, received the royal assent ;
th; third, which proposed to reduce the salary
of the (iovernor-(ieneral from .t:in,OliO to
s82,iMiO per aiiiiuin, was di.sailowed hy Iler
]\Iajesly in Council. Ainoiiii- the most iiiiportaiit
Ads passed was one to secure the iiidei)endence
of members of Parliament. l>ydecl;iriiiii' ineligible
any i)erson holding any position of prolit or
emolument under the Dominion ( Joveriiment,
or any contractor with any of the departments,
and makini;- parties who sit and vote in viola-
tion of the Act liable to a fine of 82,000 perday.
A Civil Service Uill was passed, the liasis of
which was that of Kiuilaiid. candidates havinj,
to pass an examination before the Civil Servici'
Board before appointment, and then beinn' one
year on probation, at the expiration of which
they may be promoted to the permanent staff, or
kept on probation for a second year bv an addi-
tion ol ijii.jO to their salary : ))ut il at the end of
the second year they do not show sutlicient
capacity, they must leave the service. The Act
divided permanent clerks into three classes, with
sahiries ranging' from $400 to $050 per annum
for tile third-class; $700 to $1,000 for Junior
second-class, and $1,100 to $1,4(10 per aiinuni
for senior: $1,2')() to $1,«00 ju-r annum for lirst-
class. The si'coud and third-class clerks receive
an increase of s.")0 i)er annum until they reach
the luiiximum, but have to serve a certain
number of years in each class. Heads of depart-
ments and chii'f clerks may l)e allowed extra
remuneration. Candidates must not be less
ttiaii 18 years of au'e nor more than '2'k The
provisions of the Act are car(>fully drawn to :
remove the Civil Service, as much as po.5sible, j
from political inlluence, and make the mcml)ers
"I it ellicieiit imblic servants.

; S. — ( hie of the most important .Acts i)assed
was that creating the ^lilitia Deiiarlineiii, and
providiiu;- for the eiiroUinu', call-

, 1 . I'.l.-s.KTi'nlthn.Mililill

, iiiu' out and general raanaiiement imi. .S(.mo..iii^
' ol the Militia ol the J)omini>
This Act <alied forth considevi ,le opposition, it
being contended that, having ;iol)ody to liiiht.
the Dominion needed no army ; but the Imperial
authorities had clearly intimated their intention
of withdrawiuLi' the regular troops from the
, colonies, so that they must make provision for
: their own protection in case of civil commotion
or foreitiii invasion ; and the threateniiiii- aspect
of alliiirs on the frontier, where it was expected
another raid would be made by tin; I'enians in
th ^jnited States, tended to show the ab.solute
: m ..ss -of reconstrui'ting the militia laws and
\ oi'iiani "gall eliicient force, so that the bill did
1. tmev'twith very strenuous opi)ositioii. I'nder
its provisions the mil'tia was made to consist of
all uale British subjects Ix'tweeii the ages of IS
' and GO, and were ilivided into four classes, to be
called out in the following orth-r : 1st, all
unmarried men from 18 to ;]0 ; 2nd, unmarried
men from 30 to 4.') ; .3rd, married men between 18
i and 4.') ; 4th, both married and unmarried
i between 4;') and Od. The militia was divided
I into active and reserve, in the former of which
all volunteers were included, and the .Vet [no-
I vided ibr the re-enrolment of existiiiii volunteer
organizations. Nine military districts were pro-
vided for — Nova Scotia to constitute one ; New
Brunswick one ; Quebec to be divided into
three and Ontario into four. The .Act empowered
the Minister of Militia to resort to enrolment by
Itallot to lill up the active militia, if he should
think it necessary : and Liave power to the
Govi'rnor in Council to erect drill sheds, estab-
lish military schools and form camps of in-
struction. Provksion was made for calling out
the militia to aid the civil power, on re(jui>iiion
of the Mayor or Warden of the town or muni-
cipality, or of two Justices of the Peace, the
men beiiiii- allowed $1 per day each for such
service, and liable to a line of $2u for refusing
to perform it.

0. — A Coinage .Act was passed pio\ idiiui that

lili

IMTTMVS HISTORY Ol' TIIF. DOMINION OK CANADA.

thf Govornor in Coniicil may issu(» a iiroclamn-
... ,, , , tioii to assimilate the value of

i"""''' currency to that ol' the (nited

States, pmvideil Conu'ress :i(loi)ti'cl the ]r,\>As
of the iiileiUMtional Monetary ('onlerente,
and nii'anwhile eontinuing the curreney of the
oUl Provinres of Canada and New l?runs\vick,
and uivinu- llie Governor in Council power
by prorlaniatii>n to make silver loins of the
United Slates or ol' other roreii^n eountries leo'al
tender i)i (iuehec, nutario and New ISrunswick.
An .\'jt was also passed authorizini>- the issue ol'
Dominion notes, and providing' lor a < crtain
reserve ol' specie to ])e held. Acts were also
passed establishini;' the l)ei>artnieut ol' Justice;
the Department ol Secretary of State ol' Canada :
the Dei)artinenl, ol' Customs; ilie Department
of Inland Kevenue ; the Kepartmeut of Ayri-
culture. and the Department of Marine and
Fisheries, ami providiuLi' for the nuiintenance
and manaa'cment of the same. Amonsrst the
most important Acts of the .session were — one
to maki- piovision for fortiliraiions and defence,
and aiuiiori/infr the raisinii' of tl.OOO.ttOO stor-
linu;', under Imperial iiuarantee. to be expended
on Works of defence at St..Iohn. X. 1>., Montreal,
and ])laees west of Montreal. It will be remem-
bered that, in IStiS, it seemed hiahly probable
that Eimland and the I'nitad States would be-
come emiiioiled in war over the Alabama Claims,
and otlicr sid)jects on which the Governments
ditlered ; and one of the main objects of Con-
federation was to put the united cohniies in a
better position to defend themselves in the event
of such a war, and this t;I.OOO,000 was to be
a-uaranteed by the Imi)erial Tarliament to fortify
Montreal and other points. Happily the ap-
l)ointment of the Joint High Commission,
and piMiteful settlement of the Alabama
and oilier claims by arbitration, and the better
feelinii l)et\\een the two nations, induced by the
removal of these causes of irritation, relieved
all anxiety on the subject of war, and this ex-
penditure on fortilications was not lUH'ded and
never made. An Act was also passed at this
session respecting copy-rights: another respect-
ing trade marks : another jiroviding for a harbor

police, and levyinor a duty of three cents per ton
on every vessel enterinu' the ()orts of t^tuebei'
and Montreal, for the maintenance of such force ;
also, .\cts providing for (juarantine establish-
ments, hospitals for sick mariners, sieaniboal
inspe( tion. naturalization of aliens. geoIogi« a!
surveys— with an approjjriation of $20.(»00 a
year for live years for that purpose — pen-
itentiaries, &!■. Amoniist the most imporlaiii
private bills were — one incorporatingacompany
with ;SlO0,00i» capital, to Imild a su.spension
bridge accross the Niagara U'iver, immediately
below the Falls; oiu- to amalganuvte the Com-
mercial Daidv with the Merchants Bank; and
acts to incori)orale several joint stock companies.

CHArTEJ{ VI.

(iOVKKN.MKNT Ol' l.oHD .MoNCK
.SCOTIA S DI.SCONTENT.

No\ A

1. AtilTATIoX I.\ X()V.\ S('<)TI.\ KOi; TlIK l{i:i'E.\l.

OF Till-: Union Act. — 2. F.mi.urk ok tiii;
Nov.v Scotia Fisiii:ifii;s. Hkm' vuom tiii:
Si.sTKi! Fkovincks. — 3. Mr. Howk aoain
VISITS En(h,ani). Sir llor\i)i:M, Takmek's
Opinion on riii-; Union Act.— 4. ri:Trno.\

l-ol! ]ii;i'i;.\l. UIMKCTKI) in EN(il,.\M). — .").
DkISATK IN iMl'KKIAIi I'aIM.I AMKNT oN Ri;-

I'KAii — TiiK End ok Kkkkai,. — 7. Sir John
A. Macdonald'-s visit to Hamka.k. — s.

MlSCKI-I,ANKorS KVENTS.

1. — The |>ublic had misunderstood the action
of Hon. Mr. Howe and his coll^'agues from Nova
Sootia in the lir.st session of ^^.,,„. ,„ ^^ ^.„^.^,
Tarliament, for althouuh th.'y ^^-''m i..,- lu,...,!.
•seemed inclini'd to give Confederation a fair
trial.no sooner was the lirst part of the session
closed, December 21st, lS(i7, than wt> lind thai
gentleman reviving the agitation for repeal
of the Union, addressing piiblic nieetiniis
in Halifax and other places, and still striving by
eA'ery means in his power, to impress the people

cents pt'i" ttiii
ts of (JuoIh'l'
of such lortf;
iiu- ostiil)lish-
rs, steamlnnit
IS. yt'oloiiitiil
or $20,(100 a
lurpuse — pt'ii-
ist iinportaiit
iiL^actmipany
a suspeiisioii
, immodititi'ly
■Mt' the Coiii-
Is Bank ; and
ck companies.

TiiK UnrEAi.

,URK OF I'lli;
,1> VKOM Till.
lloWK .\C.A1.N

|i:i,i, TAhMEiiV

Itiod the iU'ticii

lAititatinii 111

lot the session
\v<> lind that

lie meetinus
lill strivin<''l)v

(loVKIINMKNT OF LOlW .MOxNCK-NuVA SCoTlAS DlSCoNTKNT.

<i7

U'eiu

ral, and some nl' tlie most

with the idea that they were beini;- rol)l)ed of rei)eal w as \ .Ty

th.-ii- r,,„stiiution, and'deliveied ..vv to the extreme deniasroam's almost wont to the leiiylh

tyranny olTanaila wiilioul their const

nt. Til ■ «>!' adyocutinn' (^'t'li rel)ellion in tlie cvei

I^ocal l.,en•l^lature met on

!oih

lii'.i

uarv, and i'arliament n'Jusini; to repeal llie

shortly alter pa.ssed an addres- to the (^ueen, Still, even at liiis time, there im

Union .\rt.
n to he a little

prayinii' for repeal of th" Ilrion as

far as Nova reaction in I'ayor ol' the Inion unionist llie«:real

fcrotia was eo

neerned.* The aaitation for the hulk of the people, and the extremists were

iilii.'i"iti..i oil whicii till' jitldri'?'-'* I bi'**ii fun..'en

• Tlu' InllnwillK IM lllf IfXt ill llll
Wll- lpil.-i(l : ami 11 ilirulul lirfilill ur tluril ttill xin- :> ('"'".v I'nil >lil'''-

•ull.-^l'Il

Illi-Ut •'!' ItlL* L'l'iX

lllll."

UarhNiAiiSi-.piiiMlirnuKh IiitI. •t'i.-iniciiv.M.-ki-.l , (he .Vrl ri'iMliiiK

iili^'l til iir Miitliiiri)!i'il l.y llu' |.cii|il(! ill Ilii- i'iill!>. iim Mh'
riiiiiii't' in iiny "lliiT iiiiimiiM li'^lilleil. In' iHTiiinlili' "I
Hull llii," I'nuiiMi' liiiil <'X|piv>.-i'i| 11 di-«in' 111 111' I'lHili'

I lit Ihi^ 1'

111 Inn I- llu- I'liiiiii .Vii ri'|.nili-l :

/{itiiUtit, 'riiiil till' iiiL'iiilit'i> lit' till' Li'wi^liiliM' A~?i'iiilily uT Iliis I'rii-

iili'i' till' riiiiiiiiiii I'.iiii^iiii-

<lt>riili'i| Willi ChiiiiiIm nil

,1 .\i.

inv liriiii.iw

i-k is iinlnii*

111. Wlll'll till-

(ini.

n mill till.' linin'riitl l.i'Ki'l.ilii

' It'll til lit'lii'M' llnil llii> I'm

I'li'cli'il iMvl. "iiniily 111 lA'iri<l:ili'

' liiiil i'\|iri.-M-i| i-iii'li 11 ili'^iiv. .1 Iriinil ami iu.(m.*iliini wiTc ininli-i'il

liiiil

!iniliiii-ii>' 111 milk

iir i'iiii««'nl 111 liny nni

tiriiil I'liiinirr I'l'^ni'li iiimn llii'in

Ciin>runliiin inllnnll lir>l -nlnnillini.' ihr .«iilni' In llii' |n'ii|.li' .il llii' liull-.

riiiil llntrnllml llic iimiiiililf ul' tin' I'.rilisli Xnrlli .\iii.'riiii Ai'

'riiiit Ihr n-HlutiMii

ill till' inili 111 Ainil. wliit'li 111

'iluil I III'

111 111 llll' liriii-li Nnrlli .Vii

WIl.Tl'l

il is llll' I'jii

Art i» n," liillutt.-; —
Il'

niilini.' lliu i|i'>iri'
cnii?<tittiliiiiiiilily lit ill

lit .Nil

111

linr.'ilLT.lIl'il. 1- I'SM'lltilll 111 till.'

iinil il' till' ."iin

liil.'-e, till' -liiliili'

111 lliii- lliiii-L' Hull it i- ili'>iriilj|i' tliiil i ilfl'i .1

iK'ran.i'

.■<latnli' laiiinil In' ri'inli'ii'il rmnnilnliiiniil liy a."

II Ciiiiriili'i-ati I llll' llriii.ili Niirlli Ami'

iilai'i'.

nraii l'rii\ini

c-i iiliiinlil liiku

iilnlitiiiii v\

liii'h

ii|i«|irli

iilili- 11. il>

/,".«i,/i'..MIii'rrl''iri' tlial Mi- K.xi'i'lli'iny

till' I

U'lilrniiiii-iiiiM'rnnr

lii'iinthiiii/i'il I

iiil itt'lrifiiti's 111 iirrni

lire wilii tin- liii|iei-iiil liii\-erii-

" Thill I'ri.in the lime the leln'ine "t Ci'iile.leriiiii.n w.i- lir-1 ilevirn'il
ill C'niiiiila nnlil it nii.* I'lniiiinimaleil hy llii' liiiinTinl .\i'l in liiiiiilini, it

lit a "elielne 111 iiiiiini wliiili will i'll'i'i'liiall> in-nri- .in-l itia i.-iiin.« Im-

rii.>i s>,-ti'iiialii-iill>' ki'i'l I'll

111 till' e

in.iiiU'raliiiii nt tin

i.le i.r.N.i

the riKht" ami inti're

■t.< 1.1 llii

I'll I

rii\ iiii-i- III [ia\ 1' an

Seulii

Ihi

.i|l«. anil the Kxe

iiinril mill l.i'i;i-la(iiri', in Irliam

\iiire in .-iii'li ilfli'Kiiliiin

111 iiiiwer I'linailil lii'ini; tor this

nt' ln'titiiin> -iifiii'il l.\ many

tliiin-aiiil- 111' Ihi' eli'ilor- nl' llii.' I'l

|iur|.ii>i'

iih'li'il :

llll' I'l

'■ Thi.' nil.'' Ill
the enai'Inieiit i
Ni'W liriiii«tt'ii'k.

illlmrily p.

r the Ai'l till' the I'

•il l.y Iheileh'Kali" win
1 111' Ciinaila. >ii.vii S.

1. 1-1

I'liroil

iitia, tiiid

'riilil even il'llie II. i

to aulhiii'iia' >»•

'h lie

III' .-Ysseinlily liinl the (■iiiistitiitiinial |iiiwer
iiliiin, wliii'li i.-' Ii> nil iii.ans inlniitti-il, the Inre-

pi'l'-i-li-nlly aii'l |
ill the |ie.i|.|e

eiinifly |ire\eiiU'il Ihe Minie Ifi'in lii'ini,' |.ri'-eiite

Tliiit at tlie reeeiit eleelinn the iiiieKlinii nl' ("iinleileraliiiii e.xelii-
ii|iieil Ihe iillcnliiin nftlie |ieii|ile, wlin were llieii li.r llie lli>l

iijiiirt

Kively

time eiiiilileil i|ii'e.\|irc-s tiieir will nn a siilijeet n( the mii.il \ ital ii

Kmin.' r
I'liiii

e'lilutiiin iliil mil t'liiimwer

the ileleirate

ariaiis.'e a

Feili'lal llu

their ha|i|iiiie<s. iiinl llie resiilt hii

iiveil tliiil Ihi.'i I'l'.iiiii

niit'ilesire til

iinne.M-it tu t'lininhi, ihhI I hat tlie tieniile iirNmu

iil'Ca

iilii, .Niivii Si'iilia anil .New Briin.-niek. wiilnnii iiiiliiilini.- in

eh Ciinreileratiiiii the I'liliiiiie.i nl Ni« ri.nn.llan.l ami I'l

eiiiiiliale the ent'iii'eeil iirnviyinn.- nf the IJrili-li .Vnrih .Viin'rie

Kilvvanl ■ .\et, whii'li, I'nr I'ea.'iiiis -n't linili in the liireiiiiini.' le-nliitiinis. il

lielieie

[."III

III he uneiiii!ilitiiliiin.'il. aiiil in im na\ liiiuli

HI Ujii

the |.ei.|.|i'iir.\ii

Till

ilelanale.- I'r
al

the Iwii la.'l nameil i-i.liinie.- In

iltteliili'il. ami an lllii'i|ilal niimher Irnlil each iilthe ntlier.< lieini; in'e.nelit,
the ileleiraliiin w:n< lint leirally ciiii-ititiiteil anil Iniil im anthnrily In net

iiler the

ill I

iiliilii

vhiel

til be re|iri':n'nti'ii hy i

1 e.vpre.i.'ly ri'i|ili
.|iial iiumhcr iil'ileleL'ale-.

reil eiii'li 111' till

iiliinie.i

That the (Jiielii

ein

vhieh

I'liiliiiilioil in the liiili.-h Xiirlh

America All, iia|iiiii|eiilly altemiileil tn he I'lireeil ii|iiiii till

nple III

'iitia. lint iilily willnnil lln

iiiiiieiit, lint iiuiiiii>l ihi'ir will, has

alreaily ere.ileil wiile-s|ireai| irrilatimi iiinl iliicniilenl. anil iinleM..! Ihe

Thill lliu ileleu'ale- iliil lint eii.''ure a JiiMl |irnvisi(in I'nr the riitlil," iiinl ! siiiie he willnliawn, will, we tear, lie alteinlnl with llie iiinsl ilisii.'triiii"

I'-l.- Ill' thi- I'l

III

itjy were

hy til

le u.\(ire.-.' terms nf .-iieli

'nnsi.'i|iieiite?', a.' the inyal iienjile nl' Ihi.-' t*rii\iin'i' are fully eniiM-iiimi nl'

iiliili.

hniiiiil In llll. in arranitini.' a >rlieiiie nf niiinii, Inn.

till

ithls a- Itrili.sll -ilhii'i-l-

et a

11 iiii'-iimatile value iii.nn III

lal-y, lln'\ entirely ili.ire'-anleil lln

rii-'lil' iiiii

I intere.-ls. anil (hi

insliiiiliiiii.i. ai'il will nnl w iltinirly eniiM-ui in the iiivasin

.it (III

lieir tree
' riL'hl.s

eheme hy (hem eini.'<eli(eil In Wnlllil, if liliallv emilir il, ile|.ri\e the nr In he -nh.ieeleil 111 the liniiiininii nl any nlller imwer llllin lllal nf till ir

|ieii|ile nf lhi.1 I'mi

nf their rik'hl.-, lii.erly aiel iinle|ienilenee. rnh ; lawful ami helnveil tjiieen.

nf their re\ eiiiie-, take frntii them the ri'Kiilaliun nt their trinle
il ta.xe.s, (he lllanairement "1 (heir riiilrnatls ami niher inilili.

That Ihe enlnnit','' were iinlilieally allieil |i

eiiinmeri'e ai

|irii|ierly. ex|io.ie them In

I'tiimnn relatinnihi|i In the l^iieen ami hei Kni|iire in a mure I'ein-eahle

eh iillier hv Ihe
hie

rlii(rar>' ami execisive taxatinii liya leirislatnre ■ ami les.-^ ilanifernif.'* eimn elimi llian under any seheiiie nf I'ntimittl

ver wliieli they eaii have im ailei|Uale

Html, anil reiliiee this free, feileralinn thai emii.

lie

"1.

en nil the tiiire>t. hi.m'sI anil nmsl

ciiey nf Canaila

Tlial the iienple nf Ni'V. Srniia iln lint imiiiite In Her .Majesty the

I hill no I'linilanieiiliil nr inalerii

ili'ha

.if lln

nf (III

t^ieeii anil her iin\eriiiiieiil any iiileiilinnal in.iiistiee. as tin

well

I'riivim'e i-an he iiiinle in iin\- other ennstitnlinnal manner lliaii hy a ■ aware thai Irainl ami i|i-i-i'|iliiiii were iiraelise.l iiiiini them hy tliose \vh

slatilte nf the la
mailer in llll' s.m

has I.

lire .-aiiilinneil hy (he |ii'n|i|e alter (he snii.ieel . misre|iri'seiiteil the imhli.

enlinien

I III till

iiniry . .mil who, for

een reli

rreil 111 them al Ihe imll-, Ihe l.eirisla

iifaCii

,il ile|ieilene> liiiiiiiK no jiower nr aiitlinril\- implieil In.

their relalinii 111 the iie.i|i|e a- their leirislalive reiiresenliitives (n mer-

Ihrnw tin ii.stidilioii iiinler whieh they were eleeleii aii.l ii|.|iiiiiiti'it.

" riial the selicme of Conleileraliin: Canaila, .New lirniiswiik ami

we will lint M'lidire In ili'-seriln-, ili-sireil iliiil Cniit',..i. -Llii. Ill mi^r|i( la
I'nree.l 11 1. 1 111 llii- I'riiv ini'i' widimK the i-ni.-eiii unit auain-i llie will i.| rlii

|ie..|,|e.

Tliiil an hiiml.le aihlress he |iri'-eiilei| tn the i^iie

iilio'h iiiK (he

llh-la

nf Ihe h

reiriiiiiu rei

oliiiions. itifori'niinr Her .\lajest\ dial her

.Nova Si'iiliii was iiever.siihniiileil In lliu |.eii|ilo of (his I'roviiiee al llie i Inyal i |iln nl .Nnva Seolia iln imi ile-ire in any manner In lieeoiili'ili radul

|inll- h. 'I'l ire (he Hill iliiy nf Seplemher last, itpwarils nf iwo-atnl.a-h.ill' ' Willi Camilla, ami j'rayini; Her .M.i.ii'-i>- In re\oke her prnelamalinn ami In

mmilli.s alter (he Itridsh Nnrlli .Vine

All

li> tlio tineen's prni'la

llllse llie Ih'ilisll .Vorili Am

nnUiiin ileelare'l In he in Inree, when Ihe penple were (herehv ililn

.\i-I In he repe.iliil as l.tr as il reir.n.ls

•il I the I'l

nf .Nil

dial they hail In

eteil wi( limit lln

nn-elll 111 till

iihsniiid

IllirilK-' Ihe ileliale nil (lie aliiiM' Iwhiih la-leil nnlil L-.'ml I'el.rilary)

.Inniiiiioii III 111. .11' |.ii|.n|iitis ami iii'ire pnwerl'iil eiilniiies ami hail |iis( (heir (he Injlnwini.' resnlndoii.- wen- al-n aih.pir.l .in.l nr.lere.l (n he ii r

liherlv

I'lial (here heiiiK no slaliil

r the I'l

iiil lii'^'isliilnri- i-.inlirminf:

pnraieil in ihe a.nlress :

" It' I'll ml , That the Imperial I'lirliamenl linvt

sdiiiiinnal

r ratilyiiiK lli« lirilisli .Nnr'li Amcriea .\ul,uiiil the .-amu iieier Iniiiim imwer In iiiilliorise a iinvernor-lieneraLiirany ollierfiihieel nf (he liiieeii.

fiS

TrTTi.irs nisTonv of thk dominion of tana da.

F:iiliin' i.r till' \..i.i
Scipli.i li-hirii-
lli-l|> Irniii ilii- Si-iiT
l'r"\ iiiiT'

losing soiiK' ol' tht'ir iullui'iici' ; thf rcaclioii was
Vt'ry nHu'IiI its vfi, l>iit tlio voices ol' roiisoii iiml
Cdiinnoii SCUM' were hc^iiiiiiiiti' (<> In* hciinl, and
pt'ople were rciMiiiniziiiu' lh«' lii<t that il tlic
ImiM'iial rarliaiiK'iit rcfnsod to repeal the Union
Aft. it was non.seiise I'or Nova Scotia to talk n|
ainicxinu' hei-.scll' t<> the I niteil Stales, I'or she
would 111)1 l)e allowed to df) so i)eaceal)ly. and
us to accoinplishinu it l»y lorce, that was most
hitrliiy iniprohalde, e\en il' the I'niled States
weal to war with Knuland on the sul)ject —
which was far I'rom Keinu- likely.

1*. — There was anolhei inlluence at work,
also, whicli had nmch to do in yradiuilly in-
duciuii' the Nova Sfotiaiis to re-
gard the Canadians with more i
kindness, and to l)egin to think
they were not (ji;ite such monsters, nor so much
inclined to laonopoli/o the revenue of llie
Province and impose oi)pressive taxation on the
people, as they had heen represented to he ; ami
this inlluence was that of human kindness and
sympathy I'or those in distress. The fishinu'
season ol' 18i!7 was almost a total I'ailure, and
thousands of j'amilies in Nova Scotia were r(>-
duied to L;r(>at want, while many were in a state ,
of actual starvation The Lieutenant-Governor,
in his Speech rmmthc Throne, not only referred
to I he matter, hut stated thai he had t)een ohliu'ed
to make some advances from I he Treasurv to
allc\ialc the distress. As .soon as the fact of the
Hshcrnicn l)cin<f in want liecame known in
C'an!ida,a liencral movement of relief commenced.
Committees were I'ormed in almost every city
and town, to receive coiitrihutions: sums of
money were voted 'n' municipal corporations.
and .soon a very steady stream of money and
provi.sions was ilowing into Nova Scotia, which :
jrrcatly relieved the sullerinu-, which would j
otherwise have i)een much heavier durinir the i
winter of 18G7-CH. The heartiiu'ss and si)on-

to iniiki' .'^cniitcirs iir crciili' iiny p;irt iil' a IcKislaturc, willi imwcr tn tux
the |>i'"|.lc (if -\"va Sr.iiiii. ..r nihcnvijc Icirislati' fur llifiii. willimil a |ir(p-
villi'ial -lallltc aiilhi.ri/ini.' Ilii'ln Im .Ii> mi.

" ItiHiilriil, Tliat tlic Ktali'iiii'iil iiiaili' liv Mr. Walkiii, a.< riiinrtcil ii]
the ili'liati's I if till' lliiiise nf CnnininnK, that in I'Ol.'l, Ciinfi'ileralinn Mas

hrouKlit UTiilirlhi tii-o uf the eleetnrs at every inilliiii.' Iumtli "f this

I'riivinee.aiMl that at every hiisthiK the iiiiestiiiii was >li»liiielly raiseil, i.»
utterly at vnriuiiee with the truth."

taiieity of the act umlouhtedly had a jrood
eli'ecl in the way of reconcilini;' many to tiie
I nioii — althouiih we do not helieve tlnit any of
the contrihulors pfiive ti tliouuht to union or
disunion when relieving distress— hut it hel[e(l
to induce a better feeliiiir and so ptive the way
for calm consideration in place of passionate
discussion.

•'!. — A deleiiation of four gentlemen, Me.ssrs.
.lo.seph Howe. William .\nnand, .Fared C. Troop,
iind II. W. Smith, was ap|)ointed .Mr. ii.iwe airain

, 1 , I,-" I 1 1 \iMt-( KiinlalMJ. Sir

to proceed to England and ury-e ii..un.i(ii I'aimer'-

^ .. I -TT . . •• llpiili It (lie I'tli"!!

a repeal ol the Lnion Act. Mr. \.i
Howe left Halifax on 14th February, and the
other gentlemen foUowetl soon after, hearini:
with them an jiddress to the Imperial I'arlia-
menl siiiiied hy all the Nova Scotia meinhers ol
the Dominion Commons, except one (Hon. Dr.
Tiipper), and all the nremhers of the Local
Hou.se, except four.* The proposition to repeal

• The li.llnwini.' is llie te.vt nf llie ail'lre-.- In liie Iui|ierial I'ailiariienl :
7'.'/i. Ih.w.niU. III. r,„„„„„i, ,///„ ruil.il Kiiiicl. hi;/ IliKil llr:i„!n ,.„.l
/n/iinti, III I'lifliuiin lit iinHi inliltil.

■■The huinlile [letitiun iif the unih*r-iifiiei|, ri'|'resentali\e.s of ihi-
I'rovillee nf .\nv a .-ciitia. shiiWelh. that the I'r.iviriee III .V.iva Si-.itin ha-
heeli iM'eil|iieil. |ie<i|iit'il ;in.| )intirii\'ei| liniler llie t'llll e<iii\ ii-tinii that it.-
inliahitaiils were tn ^nveni themsel\es. frame their uvvn I.iws, aial
ilii'liense their iiwii reveiitie- in Ici.xai siiliiiriliuatini) tn the Crnwii aiiil Par
liaineiit nf Enxlariil. Knr iimre thau a eeiitury .Suva Seotiii has tlnurisheil
uiiiler a system nf (rnveriimeiit ail-ititei! tn the e.xitfeni-ies nf a ffreai
Kuijiire, ill whieli eaeli sejiarate l*rn\iiiue eiijnyeil the hiru'est measure nt
lilierly. while iliiily nf lleiie.'hl anil alleuianee |H'r\a'|e'i Mie whnie. Tlnii
an . Vet was passeil ilnriiiif the last sessinn nf the iiuiieria! Parliaineni.
elititleil " .All act fur the riiiiin nl (^'aliaila, .\nva .Seiitiii ainl .New Itriiii-

wii-lt," whereliy 'lie inslitlltinllS lllliler wllifll the lintillfilinn nf .\n^ .1

.Srutia li.i'l lhri\ en ainI e.\|iaii(let| were ii\ ertliinwn. aiel llie relaliniis nt
Hrilish Aineriea tn Ilie eni|>ire iiiahrialy eliaiiLTe'l ; ih.it liie ilni|ei>iv'iie>l
nh.ieet tn that net. heeausc while it is assiinieil tn strensrllien, it strikes a
hinw at the unity nf the Kuit»ire. ami initiates a prneess ni ili^ineinher-
lllellt, which they la'lieve, if it is nnt rcjaMle'l. llcr .Majesty's liival slll.
jecis will hereafter ilo|i|nre.

" Aire. Illy h.ne ministers heen atijininleil ti iitrnl a na\-y that ha'

nn existence, a military fnr.:e that iitl'ers us tin iirnteetinn, while with .1
thiurant ilisreiranl of all imlitieal exiierienee, the frnntiers ni tin-
Itiiinininli arc almlll In he e.Melnleil lieyiilnl the tmssiliility nl ildeiice. Ihit
the |ien|ilc nf N'nvil .Sciitia Iirnlest alfanist this .\ct nf I'ninll. iieeanse il

ilejirives them nf the riiflit nf sellvnvernment, Inuji enjnyeii ami hi!.'M>
liri/.eil. It suli.iects them tn ennruinus en-t ami ureal incnnveiiienee In
enmiiellintr them tn transact in a eii.\- SIHI mih-s away, a vast iimnuut nt
puhlic liusiness t'linuerly ilistiatcherl in their nwii ea|>ital, wilhiii eas>
reach nf the whole |iii|iulati>in. It transfers tn the linvernmeut at Ottawa
powers iniire extensive thau the (iueeii ami the Imiieriul I'arliaiiieiil in
practice e\er e.xi'reiseil, ami lests in that (fincrtiment, ishiih the penpic
nf Nn\a .*'entia can rarely hope tn influence, the entire iialrntiaRe nf the

' I'n.st miici' and Hcvemie ilcparlmenis, ami nt the lii^hthniise- ami luililic
works eniisinicieil at u-reat cxpi'ii-e l.y the iicM|ile of .Neva Sent ia. li
Iraiist'ers the ownershiji nl niir I'mviia-ial Uailwa.\s, Iniilt atacnstiif;i

1 utillinuamla half nf pniimls. currene.\', tn the l)nmininn, withniit ei|ni\a-

! lent nr enuipeiisatinn. It takes frniii Nnva Scotia the reKiilatinu ol her
traiie, her hai kiiui' system, ami sa\in^'s hanks; ol her sea coast ami in la ml

I llsheries. ot lier mililia. other courts ami criminal law. [t tninsfers the
eiistouia duties of Nova Seotiii. nlwft.vs iiiuidy snfBeieut fur geuernl ami

the

I'cCe

onie
mis.>
lo S

dell-

■^
n

(i()Vr,i:NMF.NT OF LOIM) MONfK— NoVA SCOTIA'S DlSCc >NTi:N'r.

iwl a jrodd
liiny to till-
tliat any of
o union or
III it lu>lie<l
ivc the way
passionati'

i(>n. Messrs.
e*l C. Troop,

. ||h»'i' MUMill

il» Kiiui;iiii|. Sir
uikIi'II I'iiIiiiit'h

IliiilJ nil iliu I lli"ll

iry. and tho
tor, hoarinu
icrial Tarlia-
nii-nihiMs ol
lie lllon. Dr.
the Lotal
ion to repeal

|.t'ri;il I'iirllitliU'til :

(I'/irl/ Itr'lUlill I'ifl

Plltiilivfs i.r til'

t .V..v;l .<l-.,till llil-

n\ ii-Ii"li tliiil il^
mvii l.iws. aii'l

Crnwii jinti I'jr
ia liiis llciiiri:'lii''l
irit'< (if a ffrtMi
ru'i'^t nn'iisiiri' "I
ihe wliiilf. 'riiiii
ri.il I'arli.ilurii'.
unci .\i'W Uriiii-
inhiliMii 111' .Ncn.i
I ttit' rc|jitiiiii> III

liic iiiiiliTsiiriii-il

■_'llii'ii. il >liilu'< :i

- Ill ili-iiu'inln'i'-

,n--t>'.- Iiiyiil liiili

iiiivy tlint liii'
linn, wliili' with .1

iVnlllicI-- III' lliv

y iirilclfiic-i'. r.nl
I ninn. Iiwiiui'i' il
njiiycil anil liit.'l.l>
ilh'niiyoirH'nt-f li.\
a vai-t aniiiiinl nt
it.il. wilhin t'a.->
inini'lll at Ittlaivj
i:i.l I'arliaiiM'iil in

llliidl till' |irii|ili'

■ iialn l!i' 111' 111''

ImnHi'" iinil luililii'
r .Ni.ya Si-nliu. It
ilt at a I'lisl 111':!
|i. willimit i'i|iiiya-
ii'i:rilatiiiii 111 111'!
|a ciia.-l amlinlanil
It Inin.'I'i'iH till
t fur geiiiTiil ainl

the r.ritish North America Act was not favoral.ly
ivcfiv.'.l hy the Secretary of State l..r tlie Col-
onies (the iJuke of 15uckiii'rliani). and a suli-
uiis.sion nf the points raised hy tiic anti-unionists
t(. Sir Uoundell rainier and Mr. W. Vernon
Hanourt resulted in alnio.st convinein-i- the
dclru: tes that they had a poor case, in the
riiport ..f the dele-iates the following' account of
the uiMiiii'iis ohiaiiied from llu\se two eminent
conns. ! is yiven with the (|uestions suhniitted
and the answers returned thereto: (Question. —
"Has the imperial rarliament the riiiht to
legislate away the constitution of a colony
jrranted hy royal charter, and developed into
KesDonsihie Clovernment, as was the case in

liii'al .iiM-\irc- anil ra|ii.llv ill^r.■ll^inl-' imhIit a Imv tarilV. tn Caliaila fur ,a

•niiii which i^ iinw iiiMii|iii\ali'iit. ami wliirh lifiiii,' liiiiiti-il in aim I. will

i-itahli^li a |iiT|iftinil ilrain ii|iiiii iiiir n':'iiiirri-. Ac thiK«Ti'yi'niiii»iix|i.iiiil

II , I'lTs III till' I'arliaiiii'iit nl' Cainnla the riclil In luirthiin i.iir Iraili'

with Ihr ri'.'il 111' till' Kiiiiiirr ami with Ihc wnrhl at larno I'nr her nwii iiil-
vantiiKi' ; tn iirnicit hi-r iiiaiiiirai-liinn-:i ami lireailsliill':!. ami tn lnirlhcn
iiiir in.liistry liy any iiiiiilc iircyMli-m iiriaxaliiiii. It ycsts in llu' llnviTn-

ini'lit nfC.inaila tin' a|.|iiiinl nt nrinir linyi'i-mir.i. wlm will llili.J liiM-ninc

the liHTc tniiN III' till' Canmlian ailniini-lrali ili.-tfail nl' licintr. nt tlii'y

wiTf. till- iinii.ii-iial riiii-c^rntMlivc-' nf the Cinwn : nl' twi'hi' Si'iiatni's.
alri'Mily aiMminHil liy tlii' Caimiliaii iniiiislurii, Iml mif Am\K< tin- iipiiiinn

III .Ncmi .'^(•ntia, ami Iniir at liM-nt liayf lii'i'n |iiir<'lia.''i'i| hy llin ilistini'tinn,
tn rlmiii:t> thi'if n|iiiiiiins ami hi'tray thi'ir c-miiitr.v. Knr llii'^c. ami many
iithiT rl■aMlll^ Iliat mii-lit lie .-•l.iti'il, llii.< Art nl' I'liimi has Ijcun ami i-
imitl ilictaslfl'iil In Ihf i.i'ii|ilfn| .Vina Scniia. whn hclii-M' il to he I'rani-'hl
with fvil. iini'alleil Inr. aii'l iin.in-t : hut this i|i>a|i|irni.il nl'ihr Ait iImII'

has iifiMi aL't'iMvati'il ami n-niliii-l iimri' inliiiM' hy llir l In in whii'li it

was tiri'iiarril anil i-.trrii'il- wliirii llin iimliT^ii-'ni'il iln mil hi'sitati- In cliar-
ai-U'lisf as a .>iii-|iii.-i- nimn the |.i-ii|ili- nt' Nn\a Si'nlia, ami a IVaiiil iiiiiin
the liM[iiTial Partiriiiu'iil : iinthiinr in Ihi' ciimlitinii nl" this cniinfry
niiiliTi'il rcyiiliilinnary iliaiiiii's ni'i'cs.sary- Nnva Srntia iliil iint ili'inami
Ihi'iii. iinr w.is any .srhi'iiKi nru'iiycriiiiu'iit les.ti'inhliiitf Ihi' l>niiiiniiiii .\i'l
(■ii' siiliinilli'il 111 thi'iii at tliu hiistiiii.'.- : yet a inciiilnT nl' the llniisi'iil'
Ciiiiiiiiniis. iiiisluil we chiirilahly as-iiiin-. nii the mm-hihI rcailiinr nt' ihi> hill,
as.-nri'il the llnn^f Ihai the imlicy nl ('iinri-ili'miinii wis hiniitfht iimler the
nnliee 111 the eleelnr- at ilejy imllini.' limit h, anil I ha I at e\ery hii-l iin; the
is'iie was i|i-iine!ly raiseil, .\nw thai this -t.'ileiiient has lii-i-n hrnim'ht
ilniler the iintiee nl the eleeliiis al eyery |in|linK liiiiil h, enmleinneil anil
nenaliveil at yery hiistini.'. the iiiii|eisii.'iiei| trust that it will he Irankly
withilrawn, anil that yiiiir hnmirahle lliiu>e will at niiee eam.-el the lei-'is-
latlnii ailnpteil umler sn urnss a inisslateiiieiit nl faet.s. The Itniniiiinn .\el
was iiiihli.sheil in this Prnyince in Mareh last; it was ilisciisseil in the
press, nil the iilallnriii ami nii the liustini.'s until llie ireiieial eleeiimi.
whieh was helil mi the IMth nl Seiitelllher. .\t the elpelinii the |ieii|ilo nl'
\iivji Seiilia hail till- the lirsl time an n|i|inrtiiiiiiy in exin-es.s their niiininii
"11 the seheliie nl' illiinli.aMil il was eniiilenmeil with .1 iinaniinity aiel
sternness iieyer hel'nre witnesseil in the ilerisimi nl'a [iiihlie ijue.stinn in
any I'ree eniiiitr.v. In the enunlies nlCaiie Hi"' .1;, ;jiiy«liiiriiiii.'h. Sliel-
hiiriie and Vieloria, the .Vnli-CniireileraC eamliilales Inr the Ciiiiiimins
wwf eleeteil hy aeelaiiiaiinn. In e\ery n:her eiiunfy hut nnctheCnn-
feilw>ites were heateii hy lart-'e .mil in many nl' them hy nvi-rw helming
ninjn/. i"s. tn the siiii^le eiuinty, tlinii^li a '"..lileilerate stru^r^leil in hy a
small inajiirily, liillnwe'l hy a iirnte.it I'nr hrihery anil eorruiitinn, the
• >Ii|iiisiti"li was sn strniiK that nm. nt'the u'elitleinen whn sifcTli ihe petitinii
iihtaiiieil ,1 -eat. Hut line nl' the ileletral -s whn prep.areil this nnminiiiii
.\et was re-eleeteil : hut Iwii iil'lhe tliirly-lwn melillier- nl'llie Hiiiise wh"
viileil apprnyal ul' it have liecn ehn^eii, anil nl' lil'ly -seven meinliers
retiinieil In hnth llniises.all hut I'liiir are huiiihle petitiniier.s in ynnr
hiiniirahle llniise I'nr the repeal nf the law sn iiiiiM rsally enmleinneil, in
the piihlisheil papers suhniillol to I'arliamenl, 'I'lie I.leiilcnanl-tinvernnr

re<fiird to Nova Scotia?' Answer. — "As a
matter of law. properly .so ealled, we are ol
opinion that there is no limit lo the authority of
the Imperial Lcjislalure over a colony in the
situation of Nova Scotiti." t^iu'stion,—" Sup-
posing that there is in the Imperial rarliaiiieiil
the inherent riuht to deal with a . oluuinl e..ii-
stitutioii such as that jMi.sse.ssed l>y Nova Scotia,
is tht! riu'lit al)solule, or must the |eei.si;i'ioii of
the Imperial I'arliamenl receive the ratiiiention
hv statute of the Loe;il Leiiislature. hefore it can
become a law, fi>r the I'rovime tol»e ailected hy
it r Answer. — '• As the authority of the Im-
perial Leiiislature is ahsolute, it cannot in any
legal sense be held to l)e dependent on ihe coii-

in Iraiisinitliin,' an a. hires- ai-Miii-t Cniileilenti infnr I ili" liiulu

llminrahle the Seiretary nf Slate Inr the C.ilniiies thai he heliei e.l the
attempt liiai-'ilale the I'mviiiee ml.e a inmplete l.iiliire.an.l I e -leleu-ales

whn Inr many 1 tli- last year were in ".iiiimnniiMiinii with llie Karl nf

(jirnarMin, iiiinle stalemeiit.t thai lian' m'W I.een pr.ni..l tn haie heeii \

entirely iiiil'inimleil. AetiiiB ilpmi tl • -tale nl- II. 1 .M.iie-t> '- llnyern-

I liieht .iml hiilli ll.iil-i- nf I'.Mlialiiilit were Ini-leil. ami h.ive inai|\erl- '
eiilyilniie a eriiel wnini.' 1.1 .1 lii.tli -pirili'il pinple. whi.li it wmihl he ,1 ■
relleetinn iiii the jnsiiee ami 111 iKiiaiiimiiy nf limh llmi-i- In h -lieM. w ill

mil he priimiilly repaireil. .Neither I'rime hMw irl 1-1, iml imr Niwl, I

j laml was Imieheil liy Ihi- Aet nf I nimi. ami .Suva Sent;., w.i ly

! iiii'liiileil hee.itise it was a«siinieil tleise whn prnfi'sseil i.ispeik Inr Inr
truly reinesenleil her interests ami •ipiiiiniis. N'nw lh.it the e.niirary ha-

heeli prnve.l.lhe | |ile nf Nnva ,Si nlia rely wi'l nfnleiii the wi-ilmii

ami .iilstii-e nf ynnr li rahle llmi-e. ■riiniiiih tlii- .|iie.|inii In leeply

-iirreil their l'e.:liii:is, the elei rnui- 111. Ill en. I In eml "I :lie l'r..^inee h,i\e

hiell earrieil wilhniil a hlnw lieiliK -Iruek. a ilislnyal -enti nl lltlei'e.l, nr

any neeessily, as ill Caimla, Inr military interfere. lee at the pulls. 'I'lie
pcnple relyini.' nii the hiuh sense nf linniir which ili-limiiii-hes l!rili«li

sialesinen, ami mi the pmleeli f I'arliamenl. ilelealeil in 11 piaeel'iil

ami nnlerly manner II whn hinl helraye.l tliciii. The iimler-iirne.l,

eleeteil In represent the penjile hiilll ill the llmise nf Cnmimui- ami in the

> l,iieal liciislatiire, will mil ilwell ilpnii the cm-eiiuenees nf all inlv er-e

' ih.eisiiin which they iln mil anlieipalc, hut a-k in their lnhalf. with all

rc-jicet. I'nr tlie repeal nf -n lllllcll nf the act Inr the I ninn iifC.in.nl. I,

I Nnva Sentni ami New llriinswiek as relate- In Nnv.i .'^eniia: ami a- in

.Inly liniinil they will ever pr.iy , .Vc,

•• (Siirncil) A. II. .Iniics, M. I'.; I'airi.k I'nwir. .M. 1'.: Ilc'iiy ILilciie,
.M.IM'.: .lames Cnehraiie. .M 1' I'.; .lereiniah Nmllmti. -Ml' I' , (ll»lil.i\

Cminly); Thmnas Cnnin, M 1'.': Thmiia- .Inl n, .M I'. P. : Knla.rl

Hnherts M.1'1'. (Shclhiiiirne Ciiiiniyl : .M .rtin J. \V ilkiii«. M.IM'. :

.lames W. Carmi.hael, .\I IM'.; linhert S. CnpelamI, .M.IM'.: lienriic

.Murray, .M.l'.l'. (I'ictmi Cnunty) ; A. W. .Mi l.ell.in, M.I'.: I'l i:i« .1.

.Mnrismi. .M.I' I'. : I'.nlierl Chanihers. .M I'.l'. iCnhhc-ier Cn.l : .Inhn K
Ityersnii. .M.l'.l' . \V. II. Tlwii-ciiiI. .M I'.l'.: Tlimna- Killaiii. M.I'.
(Varinniilli <■'•<.): W II Chii.iii.in. .M 1'.; Ivlwiir.l I.. I;r..wii. .M.l'.l' :
1). .M. Dickie, M.l'.l'. iKiiiL-'- Cn.): William I!"--, .M.l'. : Willi:iiii

Kiil-h .M.l'. I'. : .Inhn Kn-. .M.l'.l' I Vietmia Cnnnlyi : V. M. .M.li..naia.

, M.l'.: M. H. l>cHris:iy. .M.l' P.: .lame- Eisenii.iner, .M P.: A. \S .

jl Siivary. .M.P. : William li. Vail. M P.: I'rhaii D.i tic-. .M P V iliinhy

;[ Co.): .Insi.ph lliiwe, .MP.: Willi.im l.iwreiice. .\l P.P : K \iiunir,

' .M.P.P.i|laiil-rii ): \iiin- Piir.ly. .M PP. H'limhcrl iml C.) : .Inhn .1.

M;i-liall, .M P.P. : .Inhn A Kirk. M.P.P ((iiivshnrmiKh Cn.) : lliiuli

Caincmn, .M.P : .\le.\. Cainiihell. M.l'.l' (liiM-rin-s ('.. 1 : William . I

Crnke. .M.l'.: M. P Ryn. M.P.P : .l.i-i ili ILmper. M.PP. (Itichmnml

Cniinly): 11 .Milimiahl, .M. P. : .In-cpli .M.l ahl.M P.P: II. .M.l>..nal.|,

.M.l'. p. (Aiitiit.inish): .laiin- Fnrlii-. .M.P : Henry W. Smith. .M P.P :
Samuel Frecimiii, .M.P P. (ijueeii's Cn William 11. It.iy. .M.P. : |i. C

l,aniler-.,M.I'.P. : .I.e. Tr .M.P P. 'iinipnli- Cn 1: .Mnnzn ,1. \\ hiie,

I M.P.P. : .Inhn Ferens .M.P.P. ICai 1' .•inn)."

S 'il

TCTTM'.'.s IllS'HII.'V OFTIIK DOMIXIOX OF CANADA.

stMit ol' tlio colony toslilicd in iiny puvticular
loim. " (Question. — '• How is the viilidity (if an
A.t of riirliiinHMii allocti'd hy Ihi' lad that tin-
.statement in its preamble, on Avhieh it pmlessos
])rincipa]ly to i^'oi'PihI. is l)ase(l upon entire
error :"" Answer. — ■• The recital in thp preanihle
is very imi)i>itant, as evidence that the Inii>erial
Loiiislaturedid not. in I'aet, intend or assume to
exercise its extreme riiilits. l»ut I'ounded itsell'
on the supposed consent of tlie Colony. This
may all'ord a valid ari^umcnt for the ri>peal ol'
the Act, if the I'act ol' this consent should ho
di.sproved : hut such a recital not hiMuy essential
to the loundation ol' the authority of the l.<'<iis-
latiire, which is supreme and iiulepeiulont,
cannot all'ect the legal validity ol the statute."
Question. — "How I'ar does the judunuMit ui\eu
hy Lord Manslield in ( 'amplndl v. llall, Cowper's
lieport, estal>lish the independenc(> of a stdl'-
li'overned colony Irom the control ol the Im-
perial rarliauient in mailers all'ectiim- that
colony's constitution and reventu's?" Answer.
"This is answered hy the reply ti the first
question" Question. — 'The deleaales i'rom
\o' ' Scotia who joined last yearinihe London
Conrereiice. in prepnrini:' tlie Conlederation
schem(>. alterwards ■■luiaucd hy the Imperial
Parliaui' :il were appointed under a resolution
ol' the Lucf.l Assemhiy to arrange a hasis ol'
I'liion I'or live rrovinces, with representatives
from all live. Two ol' these Provinces, who.se
presence in the Lnioii was contemiilated hythi'
resolution rel'erred to, rel'useil to join in thcon-
fereiice. and in their absence could the remain-
inii' delegates constitutiotially proceed, under thi'
resolution referred to, to arranu'c a more limited
scheiu" than that which their instructions in-
dicated ^' Answer. — "We are of opinion that
the authority conferred upon the delegates hy
the resolutions of April. IStjti, ouuht to have
})eeu strictly followed, and that they had
uo authority to negotiate any union but one of
the wliole I'ro\inces, il (in the u'ein'ral terms
used) Prince Ldward islaiul and Ncwioundland
were, in fact, intended and understood to he
included. 'I'iiis delect, however, in the oriuitud
authority, would h.- cured by a subsenuent

ratilication of their acts hy the Legislature ol
Nova Scotia."' Question. — '• Assuming the power
of rarlii.ment to be absolute, would not the
hasty and arbitrary exerci.se of that power,
without respect to the wishes of the people,
where they had neither forleited rights noi

surrendered them, be unusual, if not uncon^li-
I . .. . .

I tiitional :" " .Answer. — " In our opinion, the Im-
perial Legislature did not assume to extinuuisli
the existing constitution of Nova Scotia, or to
'. impose upon it a new form of governm(Mit with-
■ out its consent. To have done so woidd, in <.iii
judii'inent, have beiii an extreme exercise of its
legal powers. The preamble of the .Act :{0 Vie,
caj). '•] shows that in fact the lingli.sh Legisla-
i ture proceeded on the assumption of a real ami
i sid)stantial conseid by the Province of Nova
' Scotia."

4, — Hut the Nova Scotia deleuates were not
! easily discouraged, and although the Govcri;-

: ment refused to entertain the ,.,,,;,•„„, i-..^,,,.

I petition for repeal, and their own '■r,i..:i...i i,, i:i,.- i,

! ('(rnnsel told them, in ett'ect, that thev had im

' case, and that the Union couhl not be dissolveil.

still they succeeded in having th(> m.atter aiiain

submitteil to the Imperial I'arli.iment. On the

j seventeenth of .liine, lS(!,s, Mr. John Bright

moved that a Commission be appointed to eii-

' (juire into the cause of the discontent in Xova

Scotia ill reiiard to the operation of the Act ol

Confederation. The motion was seconded b\

Mr. Baxter, member for Montrose, and replieil

to l)y the Right Honoral)le C. 15. Addorley,

Inder-Secretary of State for the Colonies ; ami

on a division, the motion was rejected by a vote

of 18.'! to lit).

5. — Thedebate on thi' motion belongs properly
to the history of the Dominion, and we give
a brief svnopsis thereof, Mr.

,, . , "ill ,. , • , 111. hull' ill llic

ilright called attention to a iinixiiMi iNiiHiiiniiit
petition presented to the House
on the l."»tliof May siuned l)y:!tl out ;iS members
of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, ami
by IS out of !!• members elected by that Colons
to the House of Commons at Ottawa, He said
that great di.ssalisl'action prevailed in N«\a
Scotia with ilw Act pa.ssed on the i)revious

ouislivturc (>r
iig- the powi'v
mid not tlir
tllllt power,

tllO pcoplr,

I rig-hts 1101-
not uiu'oiisti-
lioii, tlic Ini-
:o I'xtiiiiiuisli
Sfotiii, or In
riiiiiciit willi-
vould, ill our
xcrcisc of iis
i> Act :50 Vir.
rlish Li'yislu-
of 11 vi'iil ami
iico ol' Novii

itt's wi'vc not
thu Govt'vii-

'ctilinii fur rciirjil
.'ji'Ctt'tl ill l-liiL'ljiti'l.

thi'V liiul 11"
be dissolvi'il.
iitlcr aii'iiin
111. On lllr

>!iu Briiilil
inlcd to I'li-
iil in \ovii

the Act ol
'rondt'd 1>\
iiid rciilicd

Addorli'V,
onics : iiiul
_>d !),• a vole

itr> properly
id we g'ive

m\r ill lli(>

M'riiii I'iirliMinint

■ (•..•|K';il.

>S nieinlieis
Scotiii, and
ihat Coioin
a. lie said
1 in Nova

(iOVKItNMKNT OF LORD M0N('K-\OV.\ smXIAS OISroNTENT.

session. oiititUd An A.t. for the Union ol' Canada,
Nova Seotia and New r.nmswick, and niovod
that an humble address l)e i)re.sented to Hir
Majesty prayinij- thai she will be uraciously
pleased to appoint a ronuiiissioner, or Coni-
nii.ssioners. to proceed to Nova Scolia. lor the
purpose of exainininu' into the causes of the
alleued discontent, with a view to their con-
si('.eiation and removal, lie remarked that the
A' I (if the previoiu session overthrew the con-
si iiiit ion of the Colony of Nova Scotia, and
destroyed tiit> reality of independence which
had existed in that colony for nearly oiu' hundred
years. It handed over the iiovernnienl and the
destinv of the eolony to another eoloiiy — namely
Ihat of Canada — and transferred the collection
and expenditure of its own revennes to a parlia-
ment siltiiiLi' in Ottawa, a distance of eiuht
hundred miles from Nova Seotia; and the House
of Commons ol' the United Kiim-dom did all
this not only without the consent of the eolonists,
bixt directly in the i'ace of their pronouncetl
disapproval. In point of faet the .Vet if not a
Ira nil upon the Impi'iial rarliament, was ha.sed
upon representations that were extravaiiantly
eol<ired. if th(>y were not absolutely uiitnu'.
The (|uesiion of Confederation had been raised
for some time, l)Ut at the last iieneral elcetion
in Mova Scotia, in lS(j;5, it was not one of the
(|uestions nd'erred to the lonstituencies. In
ixiil, when th' iii'W Parlianu'iit met, ileleuates
w ere appointed to consider llie (juesiion of the
( (inlederalinn of the Maritime Proxiiices, I'rince
Edwaro Island, Nova Seotia and New I5runs-
wicls ; and out of the discussions of these dele-
gates arose a lariicr scheme, called the (Quebec
Scheme, for the I'liion of al' the I'roxinces,
which formed the basis of the bill ol the i)re-
\ ious year. The Nova Scoiiaiis had been ureal ly
iitiaehed m11 along to the scheme for the union
of the Maratime Provinces, but they had never
for a moment been in favor of the plan to luiilo
with or submerge them in the Canadian i)owi'r
The result of the Confederation was alreadv
iiiaiiifesting itself in Nova Si'otia. The militia
Were not to be called out for drill this year

place them in submission to, or dependent upon,
the liovernineiit of Caiiada. The Under-Sec-
retary for the Colonies would tell the House
that he hoped the all'air would blow over; but
it was not a very statesmanlike mode of pro-
ceedinii'. after committing a "irave error or wrong,
to sit down and rcfu.se a remedy in the hope
that tlie matter would soon blow over. The
Imperial Parliament had hound Nova Scotia to
Canada, aiul it was unfair to tell them that they
had no remedy in the Parliament which did j
them the injustice, but that they must lay their
case before the Parliament at Ottawa, whore
thev would lind themselves in a minority of one
to six. He i)ciieved that cipiity would lie pro-
duclive ol mulh advantage — at any rate it
would show whether an alti'rnative course
could not be taken — whether there could not
be a confederation of all the Provinces with
■■ertain modili<ations to meet the views of the
Xov.i Scoliaiis. or a confederation of the Maritime
Proviiues only, or the application of the Federal
principle to the two Canadas with a central
parliament. If en(|uiiy was refu.sed, the people
of Nova Scotia would feel that they had been
made the victims o|' Canadian ambition, and of
ail Imi)erial policy in which they did not in the
least sympathize, Mr. Baxter seconded the
motion, and urged that if Enuland (hu'lined to
pay deference to the wishes and fecdiuLis of the
people of Nova Scotia, conseiiuences most dis-
astrous and humiliatiiui to the Kmpire miuht
ensue. Mi. .Addeiley said thai he ditl not!
dis|)ute that <lis.satisi'aciion existed in Nova j
Scotia at the Act of Union pas.sed last year, and ,
it was greatly to be deplored that such wa^ the |
fact; but he <lenied that the peopli' id' Nova
Scotia had been drawn into Confederation by a
surprise, or thiit any fraud had been committed
upon the Imperial Parliaiui'iit. On the contrary,
the Act itself had been drawn up and i)asM'(l by
the Provinces before it was submitted to the
Imperial Parliament, and it was only |)assed in
l']ii!iland because Imperial saiution was neces-
sary to <;ive eil'ect to it. The absence of this
(|iieslion as a party cry at the general election

because they declined to do anything that Would in Nova Scotia in IHtlii was not i

n con.seiiueiice

TI'ITI-KS IIlSTol.'V OF TIIK DoMIXIoX OF CANAKA.

ol' (he sul)Jert l)i'iiiii' purposely kept in the back-
ground, hut Id'cau.st' at, that tiiiic all parties were
aureed upon the matter. lli' remindi'd the
House that .\()\a Scolia had no constitution
hi'l'ure this Aft ol' Conlederatiou was passed,
hut rested upon the jiosition u'i\en hy eoniniis-
sion to the Go\ernor ol' the colony, and he also
]iointed out that no^ieat conledi-ration had ever
taken ])laee in which souie alarm was not expo-
rienecd hy ilie smaller Slates included in the
conlederaiion. He cdiitended lurther. th.at if
llie alleiiMiions contained in the petition ami in
Mr. ihiiihi's speech were true, tlie encjuiry now-
asked I'or would he the wor,st thing that could
liai)pen. I'juilaud had lor thirty years iiiveii
up her riuhl to en(pure into the hn-al ariauiic-
ments ol' the the North Amcriiau J'rovinco.s,
and had vecouiiized their ri^ht to sell'-iiovirn-
nieiit. and to send out a comn>issiou of eu(pury
wouKl )),■ regar<led as an iusull to the new con-
lederatiou, and tin' [leople ol' the ( 'oulederated
Stales, There were modes of meetim tlie i'ears
and alai'ui ol' the people ol' iS'o\ a Seoiia without
seudinLi' out a commission, ami ihose modes
were heinn- resorted lo. In adilitiou, the Acts
of the t'onl'ederated Parliament had so I'ar met
ilie approval of No\a Seotia, and there was now
no tear thai tln' Coiirederalion would result in
increased taxaiion and exci'ssi\ e expenditui'e.

(I. — And Mr. Adderley was (piite ri^ht. and
loiiuiiately the light prc\ ailed. The Commis-
sion was rei'u.sed, and this action
ol the Imperial Parliament had
the ell'ect ol' showing Mr. Howe that he had
'j'one aliout as i'ar as he could he allowed to go
with his anii-union and ;uinexationist ideas;
ami liom this i)oint we liml iiim mui h more
niodirate in his tone aii<l more willinii' to hear- I
Illy and ilnnouLihly accept ronl'cderation. But
he would not ri'st his lase, at least, until he had
modilied the lernis ol' union in I'avor of No\ a
Scotia.

7. — Whi'u the deleuates veturiu'd to Nova

Siotia, Mr. lloweand his I'ollowers were round

lo he less violent in their op-

.mIi.'.i.'i'h.i'i'i' !.. '" position lo Conlederation. I'uhlic

ll.ilH'iix I I I I I

me.'linus were held, iiul the

'I'hi' I ii>l u| n'iM'.il.

lau'juage ol' the principal speakers, thouu'h
proluso, was less harsh or ol' a mildi'i
lone : public opinion began to be more in
favor of a union of all the Proviuc-es than it
had been for vears. In .Auiiust. Sir John A.
MacdoJuild. Sir George E. Cartier, Hon. W.

I Macdouu'all and lion. .1. Sandlield Macdonald
attended a <'unvention held at Halifax, bui

; nothinii' in the way of reconciliation to tlie
Confederation was accomplishe<l. The extreme
partv, led bv Attorney-General ^Vilkin,s, still
conlimu'd to oi)pose Confederation, and anothei
address to the (^ueeii was adopted by the bocal
Legislature: hut the man who had been chielly
instrunmntal in raising the cry of opposition
(^Hon. Mr. Howe) beyan to see the e\il of his

{ course if further jiursued. and, in a speech
delivered in the early part of November. frankl\
acknowlediicd that the cry for r>'peal gained no
sympatliy from the governiuii' classes in lilm;'-
land. and that Nova Scotia had to nndvc the besi
terms she could with the other Provinces. "With
(he close of l^liS may be considered the clos,.
of the strenuous opposition to Confederation
by Nova Scotia, and, in the followina- year, we
lind the chief opi)onent of Confederation a
member of the Privy Council of Canada ! Mr.
Howe's conduct, it was thouuht by many, could
not be (dusidered consistent, but he had eiu>uiiii

, wit and wisdom to know when he had pnrsui'd
an erroneous course long enough, and to seize
the opi)ortunity (d' nuikinu- the l)est terms he
could for his Province. We believe him to have
been sincere in his opposition, and are not in-
<'lined to the opinion that his withdrawal from
it, and his acce|itance (d' a position in thePri\y
Council, and afterwards in the Cabinet Council

; are at variance with principle. The failure of
his cau.se was not a sulli< lent reason that h<'
shoiild retire from public life, nor even abstain
from working with a go\eriunent from which
coalition had not yet wholly departi'd.

S, — Aside from the Nova Scotia repeal a^-ita-
tion, the most important event of the year was

the appointnuMit of Sir Geo. iv \i|.,,,.||, „„,

Cartier and Hon. William Mac- """■

douuall as adepntalion lo Mii'jlaml to airaiige

f^*

'Ys, thoniih
ii mildrr
)(■ luori' ill
i.fs thill I ii
5iv John A.
1-, Hon. ^V.
MiU'doiiiiM
laliliix. but
ition to till'
Thi' exticnii'
k'ilkins, still
ami anotluM
liv the f-ocal
bfoii cliii'lly
)1' (ipposilioii
(■ evil ol" his
in a spoi'ch
iil)fv. iVanklv
•al gaiiit'tl Ho
sst's in Kiiii-
iiako th(> hi'>l
vincos. Willi
•oil the clos.'
ronl't'tl'MMtioii
iii' voar, Wf
'delation a
Jaiuula! Mr
uiaiiy, 'ould
had cnoiiLili
lad inivsurd
and to st'iz''

•si tl'VlllS lir

lini to havr
aiT not iii-
(Irawal iVoiii
in the I'viN y
ini't C'ouinil
ic railmv 111
,>on that h''
'Vi'ii ahslaiii
IVoni which
.■d.

repeal au'ila-
lio year was

iTlllllll'nll-l

^■f:

f "?«r

'Is' '. 5*

lu iii'i'ung'

?! 1

Mr I

•■(.MVfD llrWfSOir FOR 111 tit S HisroBY 0' Th£ OOM'N

i« 9,.iwi ^>,l n, sjcu,- •..!' ,.^f|■

^'^

(iOVKIlN.MKXT OI- SllJ JOHN V*)l Mi Nt>\ A SCollA S llKril.i; IIJ.'MS.

ihr ii'inis lor ihr Iraiisli'i- of tlic Nortli-Wi'sl
tciTilDrit's lo Caiiad:!— ii Mil>jfrt \V(> ^liall nioif
lully (l.'iil with ill a ruluiv cliai.tor. hi Aiii-usi
a Conv.'iiiioii was lu'ld in TortlaiKl. Mi'., al
whi.li soiiii' I'liO drlcuati's Ivom various parts of
the I'liit.'d vStatvs. Nova Scniia and Ni'W llvuiis-
\vi' k. wi'ri- pri'Miii. and rcsoliuioiis I'avorinu' a
renewal <il' the iierii>r(»ity Treaty l*eiween
Caui'da and ilic I nilcd Stales were passed, hut
neither -ox frmnenl took any stei)s tnwaid^
reiiewiiii:- ilie nealy thai year On ihe I Uli
Xoveinher, Lord Monk saih'd IVoni t^>nel)e( , and
was suecec ded in tlie ('rovernor-( lenoralshii) ol'
Canada I)V Sir .lolin Voiinu-, wiio arrived in
(•llawa on :27th No\ I'niher. and was sworn in
hy Chiel .lustiee Ha;^arty on 1st De. rnd)er.

CHArTEK'VII.

(io\i;i;\.Mi;\T oK sii; .iniiN Voi'Xti XoVA
SCO ri AS i!i:rii;H tkhms.

1. Ni'XJOTi vTinvs Fin; '• 15F.TTi-:iiTKRMs"iii'r.\r.ii
WITH Mii lIuwE. ~:2. Ni'vv Scuia's Srvri;-
MKNT I'F Till-; (ti;ikvan('1".s inhei; wiihh
siiF. StiFFKiicn— •!. TiiK Tkkms (Jkvntkd
Nnv\ SouriA.. -1. Mi;. Hhwk f\tki;s tiii".
('aiu.nkt. •'). Mi;. ITowks ('(\\tf..-i' in
Hants, ilis i;i,i;( rinN. — ti. Xkwi'iundi.a.nh

i)|'.CI,\nKS AdMNsr CONFKDICWA ri'iN.

,, I. Tile most ahsorhinu' i|uest ion during the

'I latter part ol' Isiis, and early i)ari of Isd'.i, w'as

' w.ihiii.m- r,„ ""■ I'ivilieiition of Xo\a S.,,iia

' ;; ',1;;;.',, 'J;;:';',-;; l>y :m eH'ort to reeoneih. I lie

''■• people to ('oiifech'ratioii, and an

endeavor In eoii\ iiiee llii'in thai they would he

lieiieliiied railier than injured hy a I ninii with

the (iilier I'ro\inees. The niissinii of Sir .Inhn

.\ Maiilniiald and his colleau'iies to Halifax was

a lailure, so far as imniodiate results were eon-

' eiiiod. hui negotiations were shoriiy afterwards

i opi'Mcd whieh "Ventilated in a .selijeinc nt ol'the

I dilli> ultv exisiiiiLi l)etweeii Nu\ a Siolia and the

olher I'roviiii »>s with rei;ard to ( 'onfederalion.
'ihe Duke of iiuikin'jhani in his despatch to
Lord Monk, underdaie Inih.luiie, Isils. reje.tinu-
the peiiiidii of the Xova Seolia Lenislalure for
a rejieal of the I'nion. had expressi'd the Impe
thai the Dominion (loveinnieut would consider
the complaints of ihat Pnn iiiee with reu-ard lo
the ine(|ualiiy of laxalimi. iST'.. and meet ihem
in a liheral spipii ; ihis Sir .lohii \. Maedonald
and Sir (ieor'^e I"], ('artier had iirojiosed to do
at the Halifax Conferenie i;i Au'jusi, and.
laiiiiiL;' then, Sir .lohn reuewoil the suhjeel on
the liih (tctolier iiv a letiiir to the Hon. .Iosci)h
Howe 111 ihi> couimunieatioii he expressed
the \\ liliuL^ness ol'thi' Dominion ; io\ criimeiit
to consider the (jiiesiions of taxation, \'e., and
to Use e\i'rv means i)ossil)le lo iiiuove any eausc
ol" coinplaint. suii'^esiinii that ihe l'ro\im ial
Fiiiaiiec Minister, Mr. Annand, should make a
.statement of any ineiiualily of taxation, which
should receive attention. Ho also uiLied on Mr.
llowi' llial he should enler the Cahiiiet, so that
Xova Scotia mi'jht i..e I'airly reiircseiiied therein.
To this Mr. Howe replied, under dale of lilst
()ciol(i'r. loilieejlict ihat althouii'h he >iill pre-
leri'cd a repeal, he had \-ery little hope of its
heiuL;- Ulan led l.y the (lladstoue .NHiiislry any
more than hy the Disraeli ( iovernment. .illhoimh
ihe Local (lovernnieiii hail addiess.d aiiolhor
jieiition to l']ni:laiul. I'nder these < ireumstance.s
he wa- disposed lo I'liter into iieu-oliaiions, with
a view to moilifviiiL; the i.rni^ on which Nova
Scotia eiiteied the riijon.and for Ihis purposo
sulunitled a iiumher of statein"nts in support (»!'
the po.-ilion that Nova St otia was untairly dealt
with l>y the lerni^ of the rnjon.

■1. — The urie\aiices under which Xova Scotia
claimed to sull'er may he thus summari/"(l : 1st.
It was claimed th.at the priiieiiile .
of allowiuL;- each rro\ince so lZ"'~'ll,',\l'rwU?<-h
miuh ])er head (h'ht, and somuch ' '' """"'
per head siilt-idy, without lakinu ilie lax-pay-
in^i' element into aicount. operated unjustly
lowanls No\a Seolia in the peculiar circuni-
staiices III \\ liicli she was phi' ed ; and also that
that principle had heeii unfairly ar-plied. 2nd.
That in the ajipropriat ion hy the Dominion ol'

-If',

ill

•ir

fj!^

I I '

Tr'i"i"i,r,s iiisi'oi.'V (»!■■ •iiii-; im»\ii\|(i\ or can a da

pul>li< works sihiali'd in NO', n Sfotia. iis wi'll ;i-«
dl' li«'i- Ioi-mI :iss('ts, and tlir rcscrx at ion to < 'iitaiio
and (^>iu'l)cc ul' ri'\i'iiiit' s ii'Miiii:' |ii((|MMlifs' and
\\«r;k'>, iMiu>lii(> was done In N(n a Scniia. ■".id
Tliat N(i\a Siotia was aol only siiliji'ctcd tu
iinrcaM'd taxation. Iiui that ilic princiiili'^ on
\vliJ> li tliat taxatif)n \\a> !ni|>osi'd operated w iili
siH'i iai injiisti. (■ to liei\ Uli. Tliat il' there had
been no I nion, and No\a Scotia liad tailed iier
tariir to ilie extent alterwards done l>v the

1 Doniitiinn I'arliament. it woiiM have I n

I Milhiieiii to ha\e met lier iiieieasi'd lialiilitie.v.
|>ro\ ided lor lier hxal s.'i\iees. and left a .siiiiihis

I lii'yoiitl ; whereas, noiwitlislandini:' llie imreaso

, ij.!' tariir. Ilie rcvemnis lelt at lier (lisi)osal had
proved inade(jnite to meet the expenses she had

I (irdinavily pio\ ided for. The documents sub-
mitted were earerilly ami most lairly examined
I)V the Ilominioii Ministry, and a \ery ai)le

1 report on the :die'. ed uriexances was m.ide li\
Sir John Kose. Minister of Finance, in wliich
he eoiiipared the relative amounts derived IVoni
till' ( 'ustoMis' duties in ("anada. Nova Scotia ami
New I'.riiiiswiek. iriviim' the amount collected
per rapita. and entered very exhaustively into
tile con!parati\ (' positions ol' thi' three I'id\ inces
at the time oT ( 'onlederation, as well as what
1 hauLics had taken place afterwards, admittiiii:'
the justness ol' some ol' the elainis of \o\ a
Scolia and contestiuL! others. The reports ol
the h'inan: Ministi'r and Auiliior-( ieneial are

I too xolumii.i'is lor insertion hei-e. and we will
content ourselves w ith (jtioiinu' the eonclusioii
ol' Sir John Kose's I'epoi't, which liivcs the <>-isl

iol'tlie matter. He says: " Imoui the slate-
iiienls thus adverted to. it wotild seem to
follow ; l.si. That the principle on which the

j dibis were arranged by tic I llioll Act ojnTates

I with some unfairness to Nova Seotia. I'ml.
That in the division of the property, local asset-.
and revenues, or ln'cause the assets jxtssessed b\
her Were not of a eharacter to lie availabh',

j NoVa Seotia is ^•s^ lavorably siUiated than the

I other I'rovitici's in resiiecl to local ivvenues.

i ,

I Hrcl. That the increase of customs presses more

direedy on Nova Scotia than the other Vvn\ incc.s.

but this apiiareiit increase and the > onse([uent

pressure, it is believed, will be mitiuated e\i'r\
year as tioods which she formerly imported
from abroad, and \\hieh were chaiLieable with
duty, are prodie ed in other i>ortions of the
I'ominioii, and will now be a\ailable to her lor
coiisuinplioii ire<' of duty. 4tli. 'fhat she
mus] ha\c raised about sptii.ddo annually bv
way of additional taxation if she were out <i|
till' I nion. .">. That the amount raised by the
dominion from revntie from Customs and
olheiwise is about adeipiate, il the results o|
last year continue i)i inture the same, to meet all
the current expemlimri' the Itoniinion is called
on to make on her a coun;, but less by !|litii.."i(i-;
if Nova Scotia is to be charu'ed a per capit.,
< out li but ion to the cost of the Civil ( !o\ einnieni
and li'uislatioii ol the lloiuinion. liili. 'fhat tic
local souries of revenue at i)resent possessed
bv No\ a Scotia are ii adcijuate to carry on
the services de\ iil \ iiu;- oil the l'ro\ illce. "

;!. — The principle Ijeim.^- admiiicd thai Xo\ i
ScDtia was fairly eu'illed to ■ lletter terms,
I he next ([Uestion to determine II,,. .,.,,„.,,,„ ,.,|
was how much she was entitled ^"> '-•'"'•
to. and after a 'jood deal of iieuotiation it \va-
aL!'rced that the teinis on which No\a Seotia
was admitted to the Union should be amended
\>\ increasiiiL!' the amount of debt lo w hieii sh ■
woulil 1)1' entitled, and allowin'.i her a /irn iiiin
additional subsidy for ten years, as hail been
<lone in the case of New Urutiswiek. On lie
L'.'ith Jaiiuarv. Is;'!'.*, the fcdlowinii- ( )rder in
Council was passed: " Isi. That the debt ol
Nova Scotia, on enteriii'.^- the Inion be placed
al s'.t.b'-ii.7"iii. and lliat lie Province be ielie\c.i
from any eharce of interest, unless her ddi:
exceed that sum : and lind. That for ten year-
I'lom the 1s| of .liily. IbilT. all annual siibsi<l',
of $>*-.'!'■'>' l)c paid to that Province. Tic Coin
niittee further report their i iincurieiu'e in tie
reconiniendaliou of the Finance Minisier thai
Nova Scotia be de!)ited, after the compleiion <>
the Provime buildiiiu', with interest on theco-i
of that buildinu'. until it shall have Ih-cu placed
at the disposal of the Itouiinion.

4. dl was a'..!reed that a bill embodyinu these
auieiulmeiils lo the Icrnis of ihe riiion should

thai

SW'TI

and
in pi,

»Mlllli

.Mr
I'nic

of (il

opein

that

inlliiei

he cull
the T

ly iiMi'iiil'il
li-.sihlc willi

liullS of ill''
)lc ti> lli'V Icl
. •riiiil ^ll.■
aiiiiu.illy 1)\
WiTf out i>\
raised l»y lli''
'u>|(iiiis ami
111' rcMills I'l
I', to nn't't all
lion is calli'il
. i,y ijiiuii.;.!;:;

a p'T "■apil:.
( lo\ cnillirlil
ilh. That 111.
Ill possi'ss'd
111 carry "H
iii>(\"

•d thill Xo\ .1
'>.ttfr tcrins,

I rni- ■.•i;iii:i-'l

s..\ ;| s.-.'ti I.

iaiion it \va~
\o\a Scoii.i
1)1' aiiicnil'''!

liiiisiiT ihai

(iii\i-;i;\Mr,xT (•!■■ SI!; .muN v<»fNi; N(i\a scotias iii'/itki; tki.'.ms.

!■>

1)0 sulnnittfd to rarliaiin'iii. and I'oor juiluiin'Mt. Imt in notliin'^ a want i-l iniii-

ll"ri. Mr ll'.Ki-

I'liur-ii.i-c.ii.iiioi .,^ jj ^^..,>, |,.,|.( ,,[■ the aiiivi'Uifnl ciiili'.

thai Ml' ilou'i'shonld mtor tin' ("ahiii'i. in' was ,'i. -( )ii tin- lirst ol' l-'.-hrnary Sir John Vminii'

sworn ol ill.' I'rivy Ci'iinril on till' .JOlh .lannary, I'iiid an oilicial visit to Montii'ai, and on ...o

till' ( 'oiiin-il, si'i'oiid was sworn in usCiovi'mor

and ari't'pted oiiii <• a

rii'sid.'nl

la. 1' of till' lali' Hon. I'lT'^jiissun
11

Ml. I|m»,'

in |>

enliri' ahandiiiinii'nt ol' all his uiipositio

lilair. Till- (•"iii'ral iirilii' Koiiiiiiion, till' oath in ii.iu't,.' iVi".'i

)ii l)v lit'inu' adniinistfri'd hv .Im

Mr. llowi', and his aii-cptanci-. ii'
Union hi' 1
oi' olli' I' in

it oniv of iho I!a<ri'i'ty. Jmlii't's Monk. MrKay, Moiidrh't,

d strivi-n ' o hard to dis.-M.lvc, Imt Torraiii'o and IJeaudry lii'in'j also prisini, tn;;i-
ilii' (li M'vniiii'iil of ihi' D'Uiiinion, 'i"'i' ^^"1' ^i nunilx-r of Ministers, tin' Mayor of

Moiitn-al. and other ollirials. In ihe I'veiiiii'^' n

opi'iii'd Iniii lo ilii' ai"'Us

ilioii ol' his I'lii'inii's

that hi' hiiil allow, 'd persoinil pri'li-riiit'iil to li'rand hamiuct was -iiveii in Ins Iiuikh- at tin-

inliiii'n.i' liini in his i haiiiiv of views, and thai ^^<- I-.aureii. e Hall, and it wasexperted thai Mr.

he could iiui I'l'sisi the leiiiptation of a seat on Howe wonld have heeii |. resent and niaile si.nic

ihe Tr.'asiirv Mendu's Certainlv Mr. Howes explanation of his reasons lor accepiiny oilice.

rapid chaniies of o[)ini

on-

• lirst fa \ oriiiii' I'liion. '"" i'"'' lientlenian ihoiiuht ii niore iiiiportani

then ojiposiiiL;' it vio'enilv. then lav.

._.' ii thai he should ael ainouiist his con~.iiiii.'nts a.s

•aiii and acceiHiii'^- oilice under it— do lay speedily as possihle and i)repare n)r lii.^.

htm open lo the sllsplclol

I thai his a.'ti

lint alwav.'

pronipleil \)\ tlie i

oils were
lUresi and most

nto

1 Hon :
he, therefore, took ihe li-aiii that e\enini;' for
Halifax. \vli''re he arri\ed on the ^ih iiisi . and
issued his address to tin

eli'Cliil-

ants on

di^intert'sit'd nioii\es ; hut we must take i

consideialioii the facts that the Duke 111 Biickiiiii- the llth. In this he reviewed his own i oii-

hani and Chaiidos had in June. 18"!s, when duet, said that he had liei oiiie lunvim cd that

for lu'lieal Was Us. 'less, as

■r''l:ilV

>f Slate fi.l' ihe ('

lilies, eniphal U'ally

further a'^iiatioii

d.'. hired that the Imperial (Mivernmeiii would ih'' I'lritish ( Jovernnicnt would never conseiil
lint reiieal the rnion Act, and iliat Nova Scotia to it, and that the oiilv courso left for Xova

mu'^i make the h.'si ari'anu'emenis

le I'liultl

ilia was to make tlu' hest tern

lUkl

with Canada, and that I'^arl Ciiainille, who, with Canada, and this he claimed he jiad done,

under Mr. (rhulstonesadministration. succeeded He explained the nature and extent of the

ill'' Ihike uf IhickinQliam, and also eypresscd eoiicessioiis the Doniinioii (lovei'uni.'iit was

hi- opinion to ihe elfeci thai the pulicv ni' his disi)iised to make, and said that ilie pre.seiii'e

pi'cili'i essor would he adhered to. ,\s it was of a representative Nova Scotiaii was reipiired

i|uit.' evident, therefore, that Nova Scotia could in the Cahiiiet as an evidence that the t

II. '1 '.^I't oUI ol

Mr ll.iwi

the U

llliill without ;i I'l

lllol

1, wouhl he acccf

)ted hv N

erms

v No\a Sciiiia in .j'ood

I"\v.' perhajis thoiiuhl that ihe wise.-t faith. He concluded hy putliii'.: the money

c.'iu'si' fui' him to pursue was to do the hesi he aspect of the case \ ery slroii'jly liefore the

."iild fur his ri'Dvince, and a' cept the respoiisi- eleciois, and said: "You liav liot now to

hilily of his aciion hy enii-riiiL;' the Minisirv, dei ide whether Nova Scotia shall raise c lu.nitO

The 1 ourse of Mr. Howe, we think, w as iindiilv a v.ar hy direct taxation, or whether hv this

'liliciseil. at the time hy ihe press. He a. ted in neL;otiatioii. ralilied hy the Canadian I'arlia-

I |i.'ciiliar manner, and somewhal mit ol the iiieiil. our loails and hriilL;e> and oiher puhjic

Usual order of statesmen; hut an impartial, services shall he amply piovid''d lor without

candid eonteinplalion <d' the whole mailer, will such necessity." He proceeded at oine into

liiid nolhinuin hisaelion which, under the JiMhi Hants and threw himself with liis acciislonied

I'l ill.' ciim|)li. at.'d ciii unislances in wlii. h he enerii'y into the coniesi The h'cp.'.il \s-..ii

pla.eil. i> aiiiauonistic with lion

estv of aiiou saw clearly that its \erv existence wa."

llioll Sllol

nirpiise. In many ihiii'js Mr. Houe( ispla\ed at stake. The election of Mr. Howe for Hants

"f!

•rnTi.Ks iiisTi»i;v or 'nil', dominion ofc.\n\i>\

iiioiiiil fln' di'iith <>r till' Iftpi'ivl airitiitioii. and ' <'!' snoi'ss. On the sixth of April li«' \v;is

tin- (li'ji'at lie Innir ol llic i-otal Ministry, I sulli<i('iitly ii'invcii'd to n'.snMir the > anipai'jn,

\\ iiiili IikI iiiilhiii'j liul ii^ Aiili-l niini ( ry In hul was >till very xva'; and lonid \\<>\ sprak

ri'i <(!iinic ml ii l<i iln' piiMic ; and. lln'ridnri'- nin^ h Ncniiinatidns took place on tlic |;Itli

I'Vi'ry fllorl \\a> put lorlli \>> dcli-at Mr. ilowc , April, and the i'lc'<'ti"n on iiOlh, and at llir

'riie chaiii (■.•« cif suficss were vevv unrcrtain. j elose ol Ihe jjoI! Mr. Howe stood -'iS:! ahead

True, Mr. llowe liad 1 n elrricd ill lst;7 hy a o! Mr. (roudue, to the utter diseonilituiv ol

uiajoritv of ovtM- six huiulreil, Imi then he had the U'ejieal ]>ariy, and rather to the surprisi'

Iiitu cleeted as an •' out antl out " Anti-l iiioii- 'of Mr. Howe and his IVii'iids. w lio had not

ifst — wiliiiiu' not ouU lo no out ol' ijn' Union, aiiiii ipaled so niaii'iiiliceiit a triiiiiii)li. Thi-

l)Ut out of l!riti>li rontrol aitouetlier sooner was a most reuiarkal)h' ciiaiiu-e of opinion hy

than (oiisriit to ("oiil'rd. ration, aiul it was a ^a wlioh- eoiniimiiity in a \ I'ry hriel' spaci' oj

\eiy elose (jueNiioii wheilier his sudileu ihang'o tinn', and shows not only Mr. lIowi''s yicMi
of opinion eould coiiv ert ii sullieii'Mt numher ol' personal popularity, hut th.it the people n[

iiis friends lo rhaiive ilicirs also. The h'ejieal Nova Seotia were returning- to a ennfliiion nj

a consentioii at Urooklvn, reason iind eoniinon sense, and iiiulinu' that

latloll iield

A^>

II, lilts ( 'ounlv. on I'Mh l''cliruar\ , at wiiii h Mr they would not he allowed to disrupt

IlK

owe was ,^Ol

iiidlv ahiiseil for the eourso h

had pursui (1, ami Mr. Marsoii 1). ( Joudi:t>. of
Wimlsor, was nominated lo oppose hiui. Mr.

I nioii, Were he-jinninu' to umlerstaml that
they must eolilelll themselves with thi' hest
leiius they could nuikt

(louii^e was undoulitcdiy the strouii'ivst eau- (I. — Amouiist llie prominent e\ eiits wliieli

date tiiat tie' IJ' pealers could l)rinii' out. lie oreuried after the )iroroi;atii>n of the lii-i I'ar-

was an old meniher of the Liheral party and

ol .\ll

staunch -ui>pori'r

I nion eaiiipaiL-n, and w;

loWi' 11

I his Anti-
11\

hesiiles. personally
\i'ry popular, so that Mr. Ilowe had no mean

antagonist lo cuuicnd wi

til II

owever,

th.

liament, was the appointnu'iit

1 Ith .liih,-. istis. of tile lion. .1

Ni'nli III!

•I;ir-.'

I'nllli'.lrnill'

lie of Hants C'oiii

itv I

lei-anie CO|l\ince(

W. r. How land as Lieutenanl-
<! •ernor of Ontario. This left two portfolios
vacant— that of President of the I'rivy Council,
caused liv the death of the Htin. Mr. Ulair ami

iii;it Mr. Howe was ri^iit and still supported that of Minister of Inland K'eVeiiU''. coiiM'cjii

Ir-ii.

.\s tiiev had l)ili'>\ed and folic. wed him on th

e aplKJii

itmeiit of Mr. Howland

elil

I'.oth

K,o years licfore when In told llniii that a these i;-entlenieii tu'loiit^'eil to the lieform party,

union with Canada was a had thint;' lor .Nova and hotli were from the i'rovince of (>ntario, ,so

Scotia and they nnisl -^-et the AiM repealed, so Umt the iMpuili/iition of parties and I'rovinees

they helieved and followed him now when he aimed at in the formation of the Cahinet

told iliem that it lieiiiu' iiiipossil)le to itr\ the IsGT. was destroyed Kv the death of one and

Hriiish (.loveriimeiit to repeal the A(i oirnioii, the irtirement of lie other. These \acanties

they must put up with it and make the hest were not ininiei

111

iiat

elv

lilled, the portfolio

teriii~

ihey

coll III

le canvass was an rre-idcnt of ihe Coiim il remainiiiLi' unoceui)i.

t of Ml-. H

(iwe, :!uil

exceeiliniily aitive and yia'orou.s one fur the until tlie aii|ioiiitmei

liist three weeks, hut on the second of March .laiiiiary, !.*<<!'.', and that of Minister of Inland

Mr. Howe's health nave way, and he was nm- Revenue not heiiiii' lilled until a iicneral recoii-
liiied to his house {''.»■ a nioinii. His antaLi'onisI I strnciion of the Caltiuet took placi' in Novemher,

•renerously ahslaiiied from lioldinii' any puhlic isd'.t. Marly in Isti'-' the contracts i'or poriioii>

nu'clin-j's duriiiii' his illness; hut the private of the Intercolonial were i;'iveii out, and work

canvass was viirorou.-ly pushed, and the waiil was loniiiieiieed duriiii:' the summer. One nl

)f Mr. Howe's per.sonal iiilliieiiee was s(
;e\erelv I'cdt thai his friends he'j-.in to despaii

till' suhjects which attracted consideralde alteii-
lion in Ihi' e;irly pari of "(!!• was the admission

.if Vewl'olin
ill'.:- of till' 1
ill.' (io\eri
-iiniiuly in
and the idd
llf I- to ,^.
lions ill fav
Il.iiiM's, am
11. III. Mr. (
wiih th.' I)
whii'l) .New I
I iiioii — wlii

lll.ise ol|erc(
li.ople of th
I'ertlllles wit
W.IS <le|'eal.'(

siill I'eiiiains
of '.general ii
III raiii.iiii.'i

CoVr.l.'N.M

1. E.M'I. .N \'I
(•\,Ni|l-.S 1
(11 V.N'DLKH

SrvTt:s sii
oj-' Ai.\ii\ '

\Tlo\. — 4.
o.V CVN.UI

OK -nil': (i

hosK's IM!
SITION T^ 1
I{nl' IK iiK
o.\ TlIK N

A.mk.ndmk;
Sit.vKti N
■■i;\N<'iiisi:
Ti;i\i,s A
l'i;i\ \Ti'. I
.h>ii,\ Kosi
Mi.\i>rKit

C\lil\KT —
rilK C\I!IN

(i(>\i;i!N.MKNT or Sli; .lollN Vnr.\(; |-m;:i.

,,r Ni'ulniiiuUainl to tli.' riiioii. On iln open- (!ii.\i:i! \i, riii;(ir(ni nir. Low i.i; ri!()\i\rEs.

iiii:' (.r 111.' Island Pill liiunciil, on ITtli I".'l>i-u;iiy, ; —17. Visit m I'imni k Aktiu'U. — 1>*. The

ill,' (invi'Viior. I'larl Miis-jrav.'. spoke vciy ' i'i:<TiiiAi! Skimi icwck i<\- riiK I'kimk's

viiuiiLilv in liivor (if II I'nion v. iili i lie Dominion, I Visit. — I'.i. (i k.vki; v i, Iii:\iE\v ui Tin: Vi;\i;.

IIIK

1 llif iiildifss in n-ply wa.s julopiiMl hy a v<>lo

,i| HtoS. On tin- sfvi'utli <<[' Mari'h, rrsolii- ; 1, — The s.toikI M'.ssjon ol' llie iii>l rariiain«'iit
limis in I'avor ol' liiioii were adapted in l»oth jot' Ciiiada was opened liy His Ivxeeileiiey. Sir
iluiises, iind su1)se(pi(Miily Hon. Mr. Shea and .fnlin Voiinii, on tlie lilieeiith of
il'iii. Mr. t'liiier visited Ollawa and arraimod ] April. !s(;'.i, with tli" usinil . er

L\|<liiti ili<ii)< wiiii

e- irliTiMU'r |i> \,n-;lll-

lied

< ill lliu i'iiliiiii*r.

Iiul Ihi

wiiii llie Dominion Government the terms on monies. 'I'lie II

uliieli NewJoiindland was to !)(' adniitti'd to the tti^i'ther at an

I iiioii — whieh did not diller mati»rially irom ehaime in the manner o|' keepiii<r ilu> rublic

ill .se nllerod the other i>rovinei's. Ri,i the .\e(jonnt> consei|iieiii on Cniiiederation, had

n prepaiiiiL;' the

rerimies with lln' Dominion, the I'nion party liiiamiiil statement loi' ihe liivi year, and ihe

was defeated at the polls, and Xewloundlaiid estimates \\ eie not ipiiie read v \\ hen ilu' House

>iill reiiiains out of the riiioii. Verv liUh'else met; beside this, I'

olives were ca

uiiiisuallv late period

ipje of the Island wen' afraid to join their ' caused c oii'^ideralde delay i

of the Ministers. Sir

if 'jeihral interest oecuried until the niootiiig (ieor'.:e Iv ('artier and Hon. Mi. MaedoUMall,
ii I'arliaiiieut on iilh .\i>ril, lsi(J'.'. were in I'liii'Iaiid compleiinu liie arraiiu-einents

for the tran-fer of thi^ North-West Territorv
from the Hudson's JJay Company, and their
task was barely iinished in lime to meet I'ai-
liameiit. The speeeh from the Tlinnie was short
and brielly referred to the eomph'lioii of the
(,(i\i:i;N.\II'.N'f of" JSli; .loll.\ Yol'Nii— I-hm. ; arraiuiements for the transfer of ihe North-West

Territory : to the action of the Leuislature of
1. E.VIM. vNATlnvs WITH KKKKUKM I". T< • Va Newfoundland in passiiiir resolutions in favor

CHAl'TEK \ HI.

Ni IKS IN iiiK CVviiiNKT — 2. Sk.vathi;

Cii whlkk

MdTId.V TH \T rilK rMTKO

ol I nion, and the proliability of that Colony
so"!i entering' ihe Dominion ; to the dissali^-

SrvTKS sHtiULl) TAKK CwvDA IN I'avmknt fa tioii wliieh had existed in Nova Scot ia. and
OF Ai.Mi\MA Claims.— 3. Dual IiKPUksknt- the steps which had been titken to remove it ;

,iiiiN. — i. Kni'i;i'Vi'ii\ie.\ts o^■^ A^ii'.unws loreshadowed ihe introdiietion of .\eis for tl

I.N" CwuuvN Fisiii:i!ir.s.— ;'). Tm: Salakv , a.ssimilat

|o|l 111

the Criminal 1;

the 1-

oils : a new

OK TlIK (JnVKKNOR-dKNKRVr,. — tl. H'iN. Mil. villi eS ; for tile holdillLi of electi

liosK's I'RMi'osKl) IJaxkinii Acf. — 7 < M'l'n- I'laiiknipt and Insolviiiey Act : a new Patent

-irioN r^ lUK MKvst'KK.— ^<. Dkhatk 'N riii

aw. ami all

A' I relating;- to I

'aiikiii'^- and ( 'ur-

KiiriK iiK TIIK iNTEKi'dLuNl \l-. — '.'. DkIUTE relny. Oil the jtlth. previous to the address
ON TlIK NnvA SriifiA r>ii,i -10. FruTiiKi; lieiiiii' moved,,; ii. Mr. Holton asked for iii-
Amkndme.nts \ni) UiuKcTidNs.— II. TlIK formation with rcLiard to Mr. How e's appoiiU-

SlI.VKl! Nt'IS\NCK -IJ. ]'l!<)Uii(i\'Ili iV. IvN- melit, alld also wllethel' aiiv steps had been

the

i; VNi'lllslNii TlIK Induxs. — 18. SiMMvin taken to iill the \aeaiiry eaii-''d

Tkivks and uiHKR Alts. Sn'I'i,\ anu appointment of the Hon Mr. llowland to

I'l.'n \Ti. lilM.s, — 14. RKSlfiNATliiN hkHun the Lieutaiiaiii -d • iveriioiship of (Intario. Sir

.ImiN KosK. Sll! FiuNcis Hi.NCKs AiM'oi.NTKU John A. Macilonald, in reply, explained the

MiM.srEU oK FlNvNCE. K'Kn iNs TUfi TloN i u i ireuiiislaiiees under \vhieh Mr. llowe had

C\I!1\i;t. — 1"). K'kvikw i>k tiik CuvNiiKs IN entered the Cabiiiei, and said that the \aeancy

TlIK CmIINET.— 111. ToI'K <iK IIIK (lOVKI.'Noi; eallsed b\ Mr. lloW lands a ppoillt llleli I would

I'if fl

■t :r

;;i

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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

.V-.-^

1.0

I.I

■1.8

1-25 1 1.4 1 1.6

„ 6"

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.01

<p%."^°V

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

ffT^

j: ^'

TI'TTLK'S IIISTOin' OP THE DO^flNION OF CANADA.

soon 1)1' lillcd. 8u<h, liowm or, was not tho
case. I'oi' it was Xovrniln'v before tin Cabinet
was it'constnictcd. and Dt'comher heforc all
the iioiU'olics wcri' lillcd. The address was
moved and adopted in hoth Houses on Hith.
In the Semite it was moved liy Hon. Dr. La-
costo, seconded by Jlon. David Wark ; and in
the Commons l)y Mr. \V. M. Simpson, se-
conded by Mr. J. liolton.

2. — The iirst debate ol'any importance which
occurred was on the twenty-sixth ol' April, on

scimior chiimiiiMV ti motioii of Hon. A. T. Cralt,

iiiotioti tiiiit ihi' r.s. 1,11 ,

si I.I t.ik.(':niMiiii tluit all papers anil correspou-

iti tiMvini'lif i>r ., . . .

aimIuhmi rhiiiMs. dence rciatinct' to the protection
oi' th(> frontier iii lS6;{-(!4. and also with
reference to the Fenian raid of 180<J, be laid
before the House. This motion arose, inci-
dentally, out of the .Vlabiima claims. .\11
throuali the American rebellion, aiul long after
it, there was a certain amount of irritation and
ill-feeliiiii' existinii' bi'tween Great IJritain and
the United Slates, on account of injuries
inllicted on the commerce of the latter by
Conlederate cruisers. Htted out in British ports.
An immense quantity of corresimndence took
l)la( e between the two countries, and great
diplomatic elibrts were made to reach a settle-
nu'ut of what liad yot lo ])e known as " the
Alabama claims."' .\t last the American Min-
ister at London, Mr. IJeverdy Johnson, and
Lord Clarendon agreed on a treaty which, it
was hoped, would .settle the diiliculty. The
treaty, however, had to be submitted to Con-
gress for ratih<ation, aiul on the eighth of
March, it was rejected by the United States
Senate, and the diiliculty remained as unsolved
as ever. But this was not all ; on the seven-
teenth. Senator ChaiuUer, of Michigan, made a
iilibusterinti' speech, in which he advocated a
policy of coercion towards England to compel
a settlement, and ended by a motion to the
ellect that, as the Dominion desiivd annexation,
the I'liited States would be content to take the
British .North .-VnuMican Colonies in settlement
ot the Alaliama ■ laims. The motion itself was
ridiculous, !)Ut it was referred to the Committee
on [''(nfiiin Ailairs: aiul Mr. (Jalt thoimht it

proper to l)riug the matter formally before the
Dominion rarliainent. His object in moving
for this correspo). dence was to show that if tlir
United States had any claims against Greai
Britain, for injuries done to her during tho war,
Canada had very heavy counter claims auaiiist
the United States for loss and expense to repel
the Fenian invasion after the war, besido
being at a very heavy outlay to protect hei
frontier in l)l(l-']-4. He spoke very temperatelv
and moderately, stating that if such a proposal
could be entertained in England, he was certain
the people of the Dominion would never con-
sent to it, as they had no desire for annexation
— a sentiment which was warmly applauded
by the House. He clearly re\iewed the con-
duct of Canada during the American win,
showing how every precaution had been taken,
at considerable trouble and great expense, to
preserve a strict neutrality, and to prevent our
soil beiiiii' used by the Southerners as a base ol
operations against the Northern States ; and
how, in the ca.se of the St. Alban"s raid, the
money improperly returned to the raiders on
their first release, was promptly^ made good to
the sufferers by the Canadian (rovernment.
He then contra.stLHl oiir conduct with that of
the United States, and showed how Fenianisni
had been fostered and nourished there, and
great injury inllicted on Canada without the
United States making any attempt to prevent it.
The motion was carried. Later in the S(>ssion
tho papers were lirought down and jniblished,
making a pamphlet of one hundred and seventy-
live pages, which li'ave a very complete account
of the precaiitions taken by Canada in 18Go-4 :
and of the Fenian raid of 1866.

3. — The second debate of interest was on the
.second readimj' of a bill introduced by Mr.
David Mills (Bothwell) lor the p,,,,,

abolition of Dual Repres(Mitatiou «'"''"^'""" •

which came up on 20th April. At the first
session of Parliament Mr. Mills had introduced
a similar bill, but withdrew it ; hi! now pressed
the matter to a vote. His bill was to render
members of local Legislative Councils or Legis-
lative As.semblies, ineligible for election to the

House

that til
\\ii> iiit
entirely
but a 11
a iiienil
beloimi

I gain ex
held ih
because
beiim-
Local
Coiiinn

I the Mill

I vided th

J i>

i own Ir

position

(rovenio

Ministry

the Loc

Ministry

the exei

^liiiistry

defence

it would

peojile to

them ; bi

for I'arli

rarliiiine

were not

that the !

to Dual

the very

been (de

stated, in

were op[i

a remedy

vote for

Sirtreo. ]<

tending tl

lliiiise to

not ; the 1

to iiiterfe

whom th(

• liscu.ssioi

carried bj

4,— On

COVKIJX.MF-.NT OF SI I! .lOlIN VtUNC Isc'.i.

Hnuso 111' Commons. He said iu suhstanco,
thai tlif clll'ct ol'ilic British North America A<l
was iiitciKhMl to roiidcr tho l^ocal Li'ojshiturcs
ontircly iiidopoiulont ol' tho Dominion House ;
Imt a member of tho l.oeal House who was also
a member ol' tlie Commons, was like a man who
belonged to two lirms. ono ol' which could not
gain except at the expense oi" the other. He
held that Dual Reincsentation was immoral,
because it led to the p()ssil)ilit\- oi' an alliance
heinL!' formed between the meml)ers of the
Local House, who were also meml)ers ol' the
Commons, whereby they could agree to support
the ^Ministry of tho day in the Commons, pro-
vided they obtained special advantages for their
own I'rovinee. He rel'-^rred to the ])eculiar
position in whieh it jilaced a Lieuteiumt-
Governor to lind members of th«! Dominion
Ministry which had appointed him, sitting in
the Local House in opposition to the Local
Ministry, and pointed out that it nuiy lead to
the exercise of undue iniluence against that
Ministry. He said that it had biMMi urged, in
defence of Dual Representation, that to abolLsh
it A\ ould l)e to interi'ere with the liberty of the
l)eoi>le to elect whom they phrase to represent
them ; but he contended that it was comi)etent
for Parliament, under the Independence of
Parliament Act, to declare that certain persons
were not eligible ; and, furthi'rmore, he claimed
lliat the great bulk of the people were opposed
to Dual Kepresentation, as was evidenced by
the very small number of gentlemen who had
been elected to both Houses. Mr. Dufresne
stated, in defence of his system, that if the i)eople
were opposed to Dual Ivepresentatiou they had
a remedy in their own hands by declininu' to
vote for the same candidat«' for both Houses.
Sir Greo, ]v Cartier also di'fended the system, con-
tendinu' that it was not within the power of the
House to say who should be eligible and who
not : the law said that, and the House ought not
li) interi'ere with the rigid of th(> people to elect
wiiom they ideased. After a long and animated
iliMiission, the six months" hoist was moved and
tarried by a vole of 82 to 57.

4.— On the third of May qiiite a lively debate

i:n.T..M.-l ■ nl

■;ltis 'til

;in li-!nTlf-.

oc<'urred on the lisheries (luestion on a motion

of Hon Pierre Forlin for a Com

mitteeof Inciuirv. Doctor Porlin AiM.iiy.-
i • e^iiiii.lui

complained of the ei\croachments

of the Americans on the lisheries of the Do-
minion; more es])ecially on the (Julf lisiieries.
which were of importance not to oni' or two
Provinces only, but to the whole Dominion : and
no adequate proteition was given to Canadian
fishermen, as there was only one schooner to
watch some two hundred or more vessels. Mr.
Savary said that the lieensinu' system was not
I'uforced. and the eonseqtienee was. i>raclirally,
that the vVmerieans hud free lishini:' in our
waters. He claimed that the ihree-mile limit
was entirely disregarded, and that American
vessels were conse<|Uently lishinu' a mile, or less,
from the Canadian shores. Mr. Anglin thouuht
th<> license system had proved a lailure, asit was
impos.sible to tell a licensed from an uidieensed
vessel without overhaulinii' tiiem, and as soon
as the Americans saw a Hritish vessel cominu'
thev ran aw;u'. He gave an instance where
some three hiindred American vesstds had been
fishing in a small bay. (piile close in shore, but.
seeinu' the smoke of a Drilisli steamer, they had
all got bevond the required distance before she
came u]). Sir John A. Ma<<lonald said that
when the Reciprocity Treaty terminated, in
18i!G, the ([ueslion of tho fisheries reverted to
the iio.sitioii it had held previous to that treaty,
and that the three-mile limit was clearly laid
downby the treaty of ISIS. Apiilication had lieen
made by the Canadian Grovernment to Great
Britain for protection to the fisheries. The
Canadian Government had also, in 18tJG, jdaced
a licen.se fee of iil'ty cents per ton on American
vessids lishing in Canadian waters, more as en
assertion of our riijht to the lisheries than for
any t)ther purpose. Tiiis fee had lieen raised to
one dollar a ton in IHOT, and two dollars a ton
iu 18HH; but hi' confessed that the law had not
been very riiiidly enforced, the reason being
that, under a nde of the IJrilish Admiralty,
three warninns had to be u'iven to American
vessels before they could be .seized. This rule
had now been amended, so that only Ivveuty-

ni'

' i;

I
(

1 (

■

i ! '.

i;i,

S(l

Tirn.KS IIISTOPV ' '' TIIK dominion of CANADA.

The Siiliirv i:'.' Ilie
(tn\eriii>r-'Ieiioriil

lour hours' iioticc was nocfssnry, aud lour
]>ritisli ;^un-l>oals worf on duty, hosidrs the
Dominion sicanuM's Dniiil and La CiiiKii/'mnr,
and he had no doubt but that the service would
bo inoro olU'ctivcly pcrrormod. lie thought il
would 1)0 premaluro to charuo the liconsing'
system Avhile there was a chaute ot a renewal
ol' the Keeiproeity Treaty : and he thouuht the
present prospects of its renewal were very liood,
as a larue portion ol the American press was
pointinuout that the United States needed such
a treaty (juite as much as the Dominion. The
motion was carried.

;■).— On the tweirth of May. Mr. Oliver moved
that the House go into Cmnmittee lor the
purpose of reducinu' the salary
of the Governor-General from
.£10,000 sterlinii', which he considered excessive,
to .eS.OOO curren.-y ($.32,000). Sir John A.
^lacdcmald said that as the bill on this subjei t,
which had passed the previous session, had been
disallowed by the Imperial authorities, he con-
sidered it unseemly to bring up the ijuestion
again, and moved in amendment that in view
ol' the opinion expressed by the Im[)erial
authorities on this questio)i, it was inexpedient
to lake any action in the matter. Mr. Alexander
Mai kenzie sexerely criti<izod the Government
I'or not treating the subject I'airly; it was the
duty ol' the Government to introduce a bill
delinitely lixiiig the salary of the Governor-
(.reneral. and not subject that genth'niiin to the
indignity of having this matter constantly
brou'iht u]) in rarliament. Mr. Mackenzie was
ibrced to suspend his remarks on account t)f
indispo-sition, and the debate was contimu>d on
the following day. Mr. Mackenzie objected
to any action of the House, involving a money
expenditure, being taken on orders from Eng-
land ; he ccmsidered any attempt to lix the
salary of the Govcrnor-Gcner.al l>y a despatch
from England an infringement on the liberUes
of the people, and their right to control their
own expenditures. He concluded by moving
in amendment, "That it is the undoubted privi-
lege of rarliament to lix and determine the
amounts of all salaries and expenditures charge-

able on the public fuiuls of the Dominion, ami
that the salary of the (Jovernor-GcniM'al should,
therelore, be lixed by an .Act of this rarlia-
ment." Sir John A. Macdonald explained that
in 1S41, when the Imperial Revenues were
surrendered to the I'roviiice, it w^as stipulated
then that the Province .should provide for the
payment of the Civil List, and the salary of the
Governor-General had been delinitely lixeil ;
but at Confederation it was not thouuht neees-
sary to lix any amount, and no sum had been
.sjiecilied at the (Jiiebec Convention; subse-
quently a verbal agreement had been made in
England that the amount should be ,£10.0i>0
sterling. Thi? debate lasted the whole eveninii.
and, on a division being taken, 1.37 voted ini'
Mr. Mackenzie's amendment, and only one, ]\Ii'.
Smith, again.st it. On the twentieth Sir John
A. Macdonald moved the House into Committee
on a resolution to lix the Crovernor's salary at
£10,000 stg. Mr. Oliver moved, in amendment,
that it be lixed at .£7,500 stg. ; and Mr. Jom>s,
in amendment to the amendment, that it be
lixed at $.]2,000. A long debate ensued, and on
a vote being taken, Ijoth the amendments were
lost, and the motion of Sir John A. Macdonald
carried by 8!i to (!0. The resolution was then
read and adoi)led.

(j. — One of the most important measures in-
trodu<ed diuinu' the .session was the Hanking Act
of the Finance Minister, lion. Mr.
Hose, which was laid before the pn.p'o'sua iiMnkin);
House on 14th of May, and
attracted the general attention of the country as
it involved .some very radical changes in the
whole IJanking system. The charters of a nni-
jority of the Banks wt're near expiry, and appli-
cations wM're being made for renewals. A very
large meeting of Presidents and Cashiers of
Banks was held in Ottawa on the first of May,
and the deh'gates were unanimous in theii'
determination to resist any further interference
by the Government with the Bank circulation,
believing that it would result disastrously to
the commerce of the country as well as to the
Banks. At the same time they expressed a
willingness to accept modilied charters which

would
and dt
ponsjl)!
or l.v h

(l|>|u

(iOA'KRXMENT 01' Sli; .lOllN VOINC -lS(i;i.

would Liivr additional scriirity to iiot(> holders
and dci)<)-itoi's. by makinu' tln" shavt'holdi'vs rcs-
poiii^ililt' lor douhio till' amount of their .stoek,
or i>y liaviny- any serious impairment of capital j
made ii'ood l)v assessment on th<» slianholders.
A committee was appointed to wait on Mr.
]io>e, i)ut could not succeed in inducinj;' him to
ehanui' liis scln'nie. In explainiuii' his Act to
the i louse he spoke of the necessity oi'havinii'
luiirormitv in the currcney. and in the modes oj'
issuinii' and rcdeemini;- it. As the charters
existed, the Hankinii' Act difFered in each Pro-
vince as to the amount ol' circulation. In New
Brunswick, lianks could issue m>tes to the
aiiiiiunt ol' lliree times their capital, in Nova
f<cotia to twice the amount, and in Ontario and
(^ueliec. to the amount of capital and any suri)lus ;
ol' uold or Dominion securities they held. The :
notes were subject to discount in the different '
Provinces, and he desired to substitute one
luiiloim currency which would lune the same
value in all parts ol' the Dominion. To accom-
plish this lie proposed to introtluce a system
somewhat .similar to the National Bank Act in
the Inited States. All the existing circulation
ol' the Banks was to be withdrawn within live
years, and its place taken by Dominion notes to
be issued by the varioiis Banks on their (h'posit-
ing Dominion bonds to the amount recjuired,
these notes to be payal)le at the respective
Banks, and a r(>serve ol twenty per cent, in gold
to be always kept on hard, while a more care-
I'ul supervision in the way of returns and exam-
inations was to be had. He pointed out some of
the evils under the existing system by which
a llaidv could lie started without any actual
capital, and i.ssue large amounts of notes which
niiiy prove worthless.

7. — The sehenu> did not meet with general
favor eitlier in the House or in the country, a

I 0|,,,„.-ii i„tii.. ^"''s'' portion of the press cou-

"i'Mnmii.'Tiu' dcmiiing SO great a change, and

'"'■'"'" numerous petitions l)eing sent in

M'iiiinsl it from various commercial bodies. On

ll the lirst of.lune, Hon. Mr Rose moved that the
House go into C'omnuttee on the resolutions,
when Mr. Ilolton moved in anu'mlnu'ut that so

radical a chaniic in tln^ lonu' established Banking
system of the cciuntry shoidd not be hastily
nuide, and that as the Bill would not take ell'eet
until 1S71, the matter be postponed until next
session. He aruued that the existinu' system was
not so bad as had been represented, that it had
for a long time served the purpo.ses of commerce
and had worked better, and with less loss, than
the Banking systems of many other countries.
He thought time ouiiht to be taken to consider
so important an Aet, and that if it was intended
to press the measure durinu' the present session,
it ought to have been laid before the Hcmse
f(n'ty-eiu-ht hours after tln' address, and not left
until so late. Mr. Mackcn/ie. in secondinii' the
motion, said that the proposed chaniie \\ as \('ry
distasteful to the whole co\intry, and especially
to Ontario, which needed a large amount of the
circulatinu- medium to move her crops, and this
Bill would have the ell'eet of withdrawing a
vast sum from circulation and locking it up. He
thought that the disasters which had occurred
to sonu' Banking institutions w ere laruely attri-
butable to the interference of the tJovernmeiit
with the Bankinii' system by the .Act of 18(10,
ami considered that any such lurther interfer-
ence, as that proposed, would <ripple the Banks,
by causing sogeata reduction of the circulation,
and bring disaster on trade and commerce. Mr.
Cartv/right said tiiat Mr. Holton's motion tried to
make the question a party one, inasmuch as it
involved a censure on the (iovernmeiit, l)ut he
thought it a nuitter of too great general import-
ance to be restricted to the linnls of parties.
He admitted tlie seductiveness of the i(h'a of
an uniform eurrency, but thought it might b(>
attained at loo great a cost, and it would be at
too great a cost if it destroyed the best feature
of a paper circulation, which was its elasticity.
Mr. Tilley dwelt on the beiielits ol an uniform
currency, such as would be uiveii by the Bill,
ami (|Uuted ligures to show that the Baidcs
woiild actually make largi'r profits under the
system proposed than under the existing' one.
Hon. Mr. U'osc said that noiu> of the opponents
of the Uill had clainn'd that the existinu' system
was a goo<l one, and that most of the popular

I '.

\\m

i i' I:

TUTTFiK/S TTISTOnV OK TIIK DOMI.VFOX OF CANADA.

c>i)|>iisilioii |() i(. liiul been worked up by the
ISiinlcs thcinsclvcs. lie said that tlic Banks
ut)ul(l not be ooiiipcllcd to withdraw all their
cirfuialioii at once but allowed live years to
do il ill. Hon. J. II. Cameron thousiht it would
be better to take more time to consider
the matter, and moved, in amendment to Mr.
Holton's amendment : "That this House recog-
nizes tiie great importance of an uniform
system oT currency, but, inasmuch as imme-
diate uniformity cannot be obtained, it is ex-
j)edient that the several Hank charters about to
expire l)e extended to such period as Parlia-
ment shall determine." The debate was a
lengthy one. and Me.ssrs. (rait, Morris, Gibbs
and others who usually orted the Govern-

ment, spoke again.st th. resohrtioii and the
debate was adjourned. On the lil'teenth Hon.
Mr. Ko.^^e annoirnced that it was not the
intention of the GoAornment to press the
Bankini;- Act during the present session : the
charters which were about to expire would be
extended to the .".Oth .Tune, 1S70, and to ihe end
of the next session of Parliament, which would
practically extend them to 1S71, and there
would be an intermediate session of Parliament
when measures definitely .settling the matter
wimld be laid In'fore the House. Another
financial question which oi-cupied much of the
attention of the House was fixing the legal
rate of interest, and .several Bills were intro-
duced during the session but abandoned, and a
Goveriiiiienl Hill on tlii> same subject only had
a majority of one on its first reading and was
sub.se(juently withdrawn.

8. — .'\ii interesting debate took place on a
motion made by Mr. Mackenzie on the .seveu-
., , , ,, teenth of May, to go into Com-

IllMHlIc MM I ill' roUlC J ' ~

inittee on the following reso
lutions : "1. That in the
construction of the Intercolonial liailway, it is
of the hi<ihest importance for commercial and
economical reasons, to have the shortest and
cheaiiest line selected, which, hi addition to the
main object, will afford access to the best and
nearest port on the Bay of Fundy. 2. That the
Bay of C'haleurs route, selected by the Govern-

ilf Ihl' lllti'l'i'niiillhl

Hiiihviiv,
0|>|iu^ilii)ii sii'iftiirc

ineiit is not one which will best promote the
commercial int.'rests of the Dominion, or best
secure the settlement of the remote portions ol
the Provinces through which the road will
pass, and that, while it gives the smallest com-
mercial advantages, it will entail the largest ex-
penditure in its construction, and afterwards in
its maintenance and working expenses. H. That
in view of the serious ell'ect to the finances of the
Dominion, and the permanent and continuous
loss to the commerce of the country, consequeni
on the adoption of a long and expensive route |
to the sea, it is desirable not to proceed with
work on tho.se jjortions of the line not common
to the Central or Southern routes, with a view
to the adoption of a route whi<h will give
access to the shortest and cheapest line, with-
out interfering with the distance to Halifax as
the ultimate terminus." He very ably and |
severely criticised the action of the Govern- i
ment in selecting the longest and most expen-
sive route and the one least likely to ))rovc
remunerative commercially. Mr. Cartwright
moved a long amendment, in which he recited
some of the provisions of Imperial and Dominion
Acts with regard to the giiarantee, and whicii
ended: "That under these c;rcumstances
th<' Hcmse considers that any discussion as to
th(> route ol' thi' Intercolonial liailway would
not answer any good purpos(>, and woirld
greatly prejudice the credit of the Dominion
at home and abrOad." Hon. Dr. Tiipper
.seconded Mr. Cartwright's amendment, and
said that to pass Mr. Mackenzie's motion would
be a hreach of faith with the Imperial (Jovern-
ment, which had guaranteed the loan on the
exi)ress condition that it should locate the line,
and it had done so. The route was not so
much longer, nor so much more t>xpensive as
had l)een represented, and it afforded the
shortest route to Europe by way of Shippeii'aii
and across Newfoundland. He argued that in
all the negotiations alumt the Intercolonial
since 18.">8, it had always l)eeu agreed that the
Imperial Government should s"leit the route,
and it preferred the one best suited for military
purposes. After a long debate Mr. Cartwright's ;
— -Jj

llrl.^ll > I

.■;,nli;, Kill

.Ml- I'.'.ikf'v

C.itl-lilMlii
.tlMi-liillltt'llI

(loVHIJXMKNT (»F Sll! .loIIN VOrX(i— IStiO.

1 u

Miariidmcnt was ciiraed by a vote ol' 114 to 28. |

D — Till' most i)ni>()rtiiiil debiiti- ol' the session
Wiis (111 the " Better terms "' to be liiveii to Nova
ii,.i,Mi."ii 111.' N.ivii Seotiii. On the eleventh of
;\ir"i'!!,i'k.'« June. Hon. .rosei>h Howe moved

.M,i.i,.iin,Mi. that the House go into t om-

niitlee t>n those resolutions which |)rovitled
lor the debt oi' Nova Seotiii beiiii;- taken as
§!US(;,000 at ("on federation, and an extra sub-
sidy ol !s.s2,l3'.>H annually l)eing allowed her for
ten years. Mr. lUake moved in amendment that
the British North America Act of ItSOT hiid lixed
and settled the mutual liabilities of Canadii and
of eaeh Province in respect of the public debt,
iiiid the iimouiit jiayable by Canada to each
Province for the .support of its trovtrnmeiit and
Lciiislature. That the Act did not empower the
Parliament of Canada to change the basis of the
Union, therel)y lixed and settled; that t hi; un-
authorized assumption of such power by the
Parliament of Canada would injure the interests
of the several Provinces, weaken the Union, and
shake the stability of the Constitution ; that the
proposed resolutions on the subject of Nova
Scotia involved the as.sumption of such power:
and that, therefore, the House, while ready to
ui/c its best consideration to any proposal to
procure in a constitutional way any needed
chanu'es in the basis of Union, deemed it inex-
pedient to go into Committee^ on the resolutions.
He supi)orted his motion by an able argument
on the unconstitutionality of the resolutions,
claiming thai the British North America Act
clearly laid down what powers the Local
Legislatures should have, and what amoiuits
the individual Provinces should receive from
the general treasury ; and that the Federal
Parliament had no more right to change the
moiu'tary part of the contract than it had to
deprive the Local Legislatures of any of the
liowers vested in them. The motion was
^econd(>d by Mr. A. Mackenzie, who took a
similar line of argument. Hon. J. H. Cameron
said it ,vas no argument to say that because
the Kcieral Parliament had not the power to
taki' away anything giuiraiiteed by the Act, it
had Hot the power to give more, if it pleased,

than the Act re<|uired. The (picstion was not ;
one of constitutioiialitv, but of eoiiveiiience. '
To say that the Dominion Parliament had not
the riuht to increase a sui)sidy if it liked to,
beeaus,' the Imperial Parliament had Uiinicd a '
certain sum, was to admit the right of the latter ;
to control the expenditure of our revenue. Mr. \
Harrison rai.sed the legal point that the llsth '
section of the. British North .America Ait said : —
"Such grants shall l)e in full settlement of all
'• future demands on Canada."' Hon. Dr. Tupi)i'r
dillered from both vh'ws. and thought that the
difliculty should be settled l)y the appuiiitment
of Commissioners, one by the Dominion, one by
the Local (rovornment, and a third oue to be
mutually agreed on. Hon. Mr (iray held tliat
the sum mentioned in the -Act was the minimum
that could l)e granted, but saw no reason why
a larger sum could not be i)aid. Mr. Smith
thought that the Dominion Parliament had no
power to change the Imperial Ad, and iiKpiired
whether the rate of eighty cents per head could
be altered to ninety :" Hon. Mr. Cartier consid-
ered that it could, althouu'h the amount could
not bo reduced. These resolutions were not to
alter the Imperial Act, they were simi)ly to grant
an increase on what that Act allowed. Mr.
Howe was (juite satisHed that Parliament liad
the right to legislate as the resolutions proposed.
He did not believe in a -cast-iron Constitution"
which had no ilexibility in it. On a vote Ix-ing
taken, Mr. Blak.-'s motion was lost, 57 votinu' lor
it and 96 against. The resolutions were then
carried and reported.

10. — On the following day, on the motion to
concur in the resolutions, Mr. Wood offered an
amendment to the effect that it

,. , Kiirllior iiiiiciiiIiiiciiIh

was inexpedient to disturb the ,;niiii.h.iiM.ti„ii--. I'lio
financial arrangement with Nova
Scotia unless the other Provinces were put on
the same footing as that Province would lie by
such change. The debate was continued until
nearly midniglit on Saturday, and the division
was not cpiite concluded before twidve. Mr.
Wood's amendment was lost by a vote of 4il for
to 8H against, and the Bill was read a first time.
On the motion for the second readiim- of the bill

illM

»ii

TrTTi-rs iiisToiiv or thf. dominiox of caxada.

I on imli, Hon. Mr. Ilolloii moved in aincndrai'nl '
" Tliat ill till' oi)ini<>ii ol' liiis lloiisi', any dis- |
turbancL' oi' liic liiianciai arvanucincnts rcsneot- '
inti' thf st'Vi-ral Piovinccs provided for in tli^
British North Amorica Aft. unless assfiitfd to
l)y all thf J'loviiifos, would hf subversive oi'
the system oi' < io\ frniiif ill uiidfr \,hifh this
Dominion was constituted ; and it f U'eelfd as
proposed l»y this IJill, in favor of one Piovinef,
without at the same timeprovidini>- for a general
revision and re-adjustment of these arranu'e-
meiits, would l)f maiiifi'stly injurious to the
other rroviuffs." Al'ifr a Ifiiu'hy dfbate, in
whifh the same aruunients already c>iveii were
repeated, the amendment was lost on division
by a vote of 52 for, 97 against. The bill was
then adopted clause by clause until the lifth was
reached, when ]Mr. I'dake moved to add to it,
'• That the tiiants and provisions made by this
Act, and the llritish North America Act of 1867,
.shall be in full settlement of all demands on
Canada by Nova Scotia." The amendment was
accepted by thf Ciovcrnment. and the clause as
ameiuled adopted. On the sixth clause Mr. Mills
moved in amendment that the words })e added.
" That tl- Vet shall not takf fll'fct until ratilied
by the ' . .'ial rarliament." The amendment
was los' ,' ithout division, and the liill adopted.
11. — The iircat loss and inconvfiiifiicf which
was being felt in Canada, lirowinii' out of the
excessive amount of depreciated
American Silver which was in
circulation, and which had been attracted to
Canada since tin; suspension of specie payments
in the United States, occupied the attention of
the House during' the session ; and, on the
twenty-sixth of May, Mr. OUver moA'ed for a
Committee, to consist of Messrs. Carluiii', Ryan,

i (Montreal), McCunkey, McGill, Harrison, Trem-

j blay and the mover, to consider any corres-
pondence that had takt'ii place on the Mil>jfct of
purchasing and exporting American silver, and

] to report as to the best means of abating the
nuisance. lie said that the Crovernmeni; had
made some i>urchases and exported the silver,
but it had not been enough. Mr. McDonald
(Antigonish) .said that in Nova Scotia the mer-

Tlie Silver imi.-^aML'c.

chants had avoided any loss or tiouble liv
agreeing together not to take .\merican silver
except at twenty i)er cent, discount, and the
conse(|uence was that you could not liiid an
American qiuirter in Nova Scotia. lie thousilu
the whole trouble would be removed by pa.s.siiiu
an Act of fiv(^ lines making .American silver a
leual tender for only eighty per ceiii. of its face
value. The Committee reported, on tin'
fourteenth of June, to the eU'eet that the
Government had purchased about one million
of dollars" worth of silver and ex|)orted it. but
that it had not had any great elfec t ; and siio-
gested that the intervention of the ( iovernmeiii
had become a necessity to abate the nuisance
12. — The House was prorogued by His
Excellency the Crovernor-Ueneral in person mi
the twenty-third of June, after

. . l*r'»ru<ri)tiiin.

having given assent to fortv-one KiumiMiiL-iiiK iiic
Public and thirty-two Local and
Private Itills. Amongst the Public Bills the one
deserving most attention on account of its
humaiiitarian and civilizing tendencies, was an
Act, * introduced by Hon Mr. Laiuievin, Ini

• 'J'in' Mill is. in >itli>ijini-v.iis tnllu\\> : An,\' Iiiiliu:i. it I'l-imhi I'liiiui
iiiit liiiliiiii lilood. Ill' intcriLi.'ii'i'iu'l with Mil Iiuliiiii I'liiiiiiy. "hull not lii'
ilifiiiiMl (II lie liiwliilly ill |iii..isfsr ion nt' iiny laiul in a reserve (livim'il
i.itn Idis. iiiilcss ht> hiis a hu-atinii tii-l<i-l tViun tiie .Sii|ii.>riiiteiiilt'i)t'(i(si-
I'ral.iiul iniiy he cjiM'tcil like any nllici' ik r.-nii. nmliT :!1 V.. r. 4-. .". I"'.
Pi'i'Mins M'ltiiiK iir ;:'i\ in^ intnxii-arin^ liiinor In an liKliiiii,iii'iitii'niii;-'a har
iir laviTii til sL'll it nil a it'snv i', or the inniiiiaiiiler nf a >ii'.iiiMr or ullicr
ve.-.*el, Iniln wliieli it is i;i\ell nr ."nlil. aiv lialilc. nil iinivii-liiili. tii a
lii'iialty. Nil iicM>iin Ic's tliaii iinc Iniirtli Imlian lilmul is untilli'il to shan-
in aiiiiiijiirs. ,Vc.. til lii.'< Irilic: ihir is any Imlian conviileil of criiiK'.
while in ini.son thercron;, and llic eost nl' his |iroseeiitiiin in.iy be taken
rnini the monies III' hi.s trihe. ,\ii Imlian nninan iiiamiiii.' anyone imi
an Imliaii.eeases to lie .so herseir.as iln her ehihlreii : ami iiiarryinit out
111' her trilie.heisell'aiiil eliihlreii licconio iiienihers nl' the hiisliaml's trihe.
The Sniierii.temlent lleneral may slii|i the annnily nf an [mliaii wlm
has ileserleil wile or eliihl- ami eniiiloy it Inr her or his sii|i|iiii-l. lie may
also use tliu t'limls ol' a trihe lor the suppori of aueil ami inliriii mem-
bers who are e.eirleeleil. Liiml lielil by an Imlian, iimler a loeatinn
lieket, is not iranslerahle or liable to seizure lor ilebl. It ileseemis to hi-
ehililriMi with the oliliiralion to sii|i|iort llieir inolher it' liviiii.'. Failiiii:
liireet heirs it reverts to the Crown. I'or the beiietit of the tribe. Any
bainl or tribe ol' Imliaiis nninberiinr thirty iiia.\- eleet one Chiel'. Lamer
tribes may have one (.'liiet' ami Iwo .Seeoml Chiel's lor eaeli two luinitreil.
The iireseiil lile-Chiets remain in olliee unless reiiioveil by the Uoveriior
tieiieral I'or ilishonesty, intenipeninee or iininorality. Tlie\- are to be re
lilaeeil by olliers eleeted evervihree years, by till males o'' tweiit\-iim'
.Near;. 'I'he Cliiel' or Chiel's innst see roads ami bridiies kept iip.orlli''
SHperinlemleni may eaiise ii to be iloiie at the ex|iense ol' ilie tribe, or an
Imlian ill deraiilt. They may fr.ime rules respeeiint: piiblie health,
.lei'orum in (-'oiineil, the repres>iiin ol' inleni|ieraiiee ami prollijraex', the
prevent ion ol' (re.ipa ss by i'allle,roiiils. ,Ve., seliool houses, Coiiindl houses,
and othi'r piihlie biiildinir.s. pounds and pound-keepers. The (iovernor in
Cotimil may. by letl ts palent. (ir.int ii lil'e estate man Indian deeme.l
eoniiielenl in hiiiil alloteil to him, whieli he may devise to hi' eliildreii.
who, ill case ol his death iliteslalc.siieeeed to the lee simple, under the

;illlellilll

(loVKRNMKXT OV Sllf JoII.V YOrNC ISdO.

«5

toul)lo l)\
rilll silvfl-

;, and tlic
r>t liiul nil
X' tluumhi
l)y pasisiiii:
ill! silver ;i

oT its liifr
, on till'
I hilt 111,.
lie millii>ii
rtcil it, l)ut
uiul sun-,
iiverumi'iii
' miisanci'
1 l.y His

l)erson on

t^Tiltlull.
:irh-llt^illK till
ins.

ills till' oil''

uut of its
ies, was an
lii'evin, i'oi

nr |n'i>on i-iiiiiii
ily. slmlj niii In-
rvf ilivi 1

tl'lillrllt-(lc,.-

. I-', s. 1\

llill^rit Ihi)

imi-r nr niln-i

ij\ irlioii, tfi a

llwt tosluiii-
ii'il i)f iriiiu'.
may be taki-ii
jr aiiyniu' ih.I
marrying out
slianil'." triln'.
Iii'li.m who

I't. lie iiiiiy

intinri iiiem-
iT a Ineatinii
•sfi'iiils to lii^

iti^. Failinir
[' tribe. At\y
hii'l'. I.art'i'i-

two blllllllTll.

he tliivi'i'iior-
y are to here-
twenty-oiif
ept ii)>,or till'
hi' Irilie.nr an
nlilic hi'altli.
nillipii'v, till'
ninril houfe.s
!■ (Jovennir in
ii'liaii ilet'iiii"!
hl< I'liildrcn.
le, iiinler tin'

I'l"

ill

ill'

il'l

I'xt.'iulin!? the Irainliisc to Indians, undi'r cer-
laiii ciuulitioiis, liivinji!- tln'in to soino extent
imiiiiiii)al power:, and for u'ciierally regulating'
Indian aH'airs.

].;_ — \ 11, .\v InsDiveiicy Act was passed,

;imeiiilingaii(i assiinilatinii' the Acts in existenee

in the various rrovinces : an Aet

,7il"r"v'^-."sn'i'.l'i'iv regulating patents of inveniious

Mill I'riviu- Hills. "i 1- '^ ■ 1 \ . r

and discoveries, and an Act lor
the uianagemeiit ol' inimigraiiou. A number ol'
Criniiiiiil Acts were passed regulating the
imiiishnieiits for nuirder. arson, coinage or couii-
ii'i I'citiim', I'oriifry, larceny, perjury, malicious
injury to property, vagrants, &c. ; and also
>e\eriil Acts lor procedure in criminal eases,
(Imies of .lustiees of the i'eace, &c. Two very
necessary and iLseful Acts passed . were for
" Suunnary trials hy consent," and for the
• .Spt^edy trial ol' olFences." TIk^ foniu'r provides
lor ihc summary trial of prisoners, with their
own eouseiit, hy any olhcer or Court having the
power of a K'ecorder, instead of merely holding
an examination and sending the case to a higher
Coiiri. The oll'ences which may be so tried are
— simple larceny, larceny Irom the person,
1 iiihi'zzlemeiit, or obtaining money under iiilse
pniciices. rect'iving stolen property not valued
at more than $10, attempts at larceny, aggravated
assault, inllietiiig grievous bodily harm, or cut-
ting wounding, or stabbing, obstructing ollicers
of the peace or customs in discharge of their
(liilies. keeping (U* beiny- \n inmate or habitual
rre(|uenter of a house of ill-repute, &c. The
piisDiier must be asked liy the ^Magistrate

Ian "f ihi' I'riixiiH'e in whii'li lie resiiieil. It is in»t liable tit -ei/iire ilur-
in'.' his |.i.ssi'ssi,,||. If he ilie i-hiMli'ss il eseheats to the Crown I'm' the
iiilii'.hiit the wiilciw has the nsnlVnei until ilealh orb;- re laarriaire. [I a
"i'l'ovur iininirrieil ilai: ' '.'r.s are ilepriveil ol benetit iVoni Hie lanil,
liny will reeeive a iloiilile share of tribal annuity insleail. jlelore lel-
ii'is iiaieiit is.sue.the Iniliaii luu.st I'urnish a iianie anil .snriiaine, by wliieh
he is rejiisiereil anil 111 be known. Thereupon he ami 'lis family are en-
fi'.iMi'liiseil anil are not snb.li'el in the law.s relalinir In lniiiaM.s. exee|it ss.
IJ' I- ami 11 of the.il \'.,e. fj. relating- In Ihe ale nf liquor, takilin of
|.ir-oiisani| seizure of presents. ,Ve., for ilebts. np.;, ;onliiuie to reei-ive
iri'i;il aimnnities. The hiinl soalloealeil shall beer the same propiirlioii
I" til.' wlinle reserve as the Ineatees bear In the heads of biinilies, ami
mail's above fourteen, thereon. The Superintemleiil-Iieneral apiminls
tiiior- iij ihe miiiiir ehililreii.aml Ihe widow reeeives their share of linlian
ninnies and lives on theln'idso Innn as she lives respeefably. .-Vny Indian
l.iisi'ly representim: himsell as enfraaehisod is lialile In three npuilhs'

inipri-.ininenl eoinietion before a .lusiiee nf Ihe I'eiiee. Indians not

I'Mlraiii'hisi'd may sue for ilebts. or for wrouK inllielcd.or to eoiiipel ful-
liliueiii nf an iihliKalinn.

whet her he will 1)e tried summarily before him, or
be sent belV>re a jury. If he selects the foriner
he is tried at once; if the latter, he is examined,
and, if the evidence is sulHcient, committed for
trial. In cases tried uiuU>r this .\ct sentences
may be as much as six months" imprisonment,
or line ti> the amount of !«!100, or both, with six
mouths additional if line is not paid, ruder
the .\ct for "Speeily trials of oll'ences." any
person in ( )iitario or (^)uebec eomniiited for trial
for an oU'eiice which may be tried at CTcneral
Sessions may, by his own consent, be tried by
the Judge out of Session. The Sherill'. within
twenty-four hours, must notify the Jiiduv who
orders th(> prisoner before him imniedialtdy,
when he reads the charge to him and asks hiin
whether h.' elects to be tried liy him or l)y a
jury ; if the prisoner consents and pleads guilty
he is sentenced at once : if he ])leads iu>t guilty,
an early day is lixod and the trial takes place.
These two Acts were a ureat relief to the over-
crowded Criminal Courts, the dockets of which
were iilled with petty cases which could much
better be settled in this way. Besides, they
allow the prisoner to get his term ot i>unish-
meiil lixed at once, so that he may bciiiii to
serve it out immediately instead of having to
wait months for a trial as used to be the case.
Another very excellent Act pa.ssed at this session
was that rclatinii- to the execution and sentence
of death, by which it is provided that the
execution shall take place within the prison,
and j;o person be permitteti admission except
the necessary officers, and other per.s(nis admitted
by special order of the Sherill'. The terri])ly
disiiusting scenes which had been witnessed at
publi<' haiiiiiiiiis, and the evil ell'ect which they
had, led to the adoption of this system of pri\aie
e\> "utioiis in Eniiland, and the good results
arising from it there fully warranted its
introduction into Canada, where its ell'ects have,
so far, proved very satisfactory.* An Act was
also passed for the Preventitm of Cruelty to
Animals, which inlliets lines of from >f\ to slO,
or thirty days in default of payment, for

* 'I'he lasl pnblie e.veeiilinn whiib mnk phiee in Canada was thai ol
p. ,1. Wheh'n- at Ottawa, on lllh February. IHi',!), for Ihe murderof jlmi.
T. U'Arey Meiioc.

I ' ■:

SIP'!
il >lii

S()

TI'TTI.KS iriSTOJfY ()K TUB DOMINION oK CANADA.

Wiiiitoiily, crurlly ov uniie<('ssaiily hi'sitiiiij-,
l)iii(liii^' or ill-trcatiiiL;, iihusing or (orturiiiu' any
horfsf. rattli', poultry, don' or domostic niiiuiiil or
l)ir(l, or cau.siim- tlicm niiscliier hy nogliufiico
or ill-iisatic. Acts wore also passocl relating lo
contaii-ious diseases of animals, inv;stiiiation
into shipwrecks, steamboat inspection, improve-
ment oi' harhors. pilotau'i'. i^e. The t>ui)ply
liill liranted si;!Si),',l()4 lor ihc liiiamial year
18tjS-'J, and $14.:ii)."),(lH; lor the year 1H69-70;
and authorized a loan of §1, 400. 000 I'or the
l)urchas" of the Nortli-West Territory from the
Hudson's Uay Company, and a further loan of
i«i 1.4(10. Olio for oilier expenses relative to that
Teriiiory. The horrowiiiii' powers of the
(Jovernmeiil were reduced from $8,3HO,000 to
$7,0(10,000, exclusive of the l)alance of the
Intercolonial and I'ortilieation loans, the issue
of Dominion slock to Insurance Companies,
and the unissued Dominion notes. Amongst
the most important Lo<al and Private IWlls was
one to give ell'ecl to an agreement between the
(Ireat Western Railway Company and the
trovernment, the latter receivinti' *-J0S,2-}4 in
lull of all claims in four per cent, bonds, secured
or, the road, property and revenue of the Com-
pany ; one to amend the Act relating to the
Trinity House, Que1)ec '. one to amend the
Charter of the Toronto lioard of Trade,
enlarging the limit of membership; one to
incorporate the St. Thomas Board of Trade, and
Acts to incorporate the Merchants* Uank, of
Halifax with if 1, 000,000 capital; the Dominion
Bank, Toronto, with $1,000,000 capital; the
Dominion Mutual Life Cruarantee Insurance
Company, with $1,000,000, and the Canada
Marine Insurance Company, with $2,000,000
capital. Durinii- the session an Election Bill and
a Bill iHoviding for a Supreme Court of the
Dmninion were introduced by Sir John A.
Macdonald, but allowed to lie over.

14. — Shortly after the prorogation of Parlia-
ment Hon. Mr. Rose visited Washington with
a view to a renewal of the Reci-
procity Treaty, but nothing came

l!c>il.'IIMlinll III' Ilnll.

.Inlin lli.si' Sir
Krancis IliMcks

Kn"!''''K,'..''<m'-''''''' ol' 'he negotiations, and it soon
^""'■'' '•■'!'""■' heu'an to be rumoured that he

was about to retire from the Cabinet ami
acce))! a partnership in an American Banking;
house doinii' business in London. These
rumours were conlirmed during the summer,
but it was not until October that he resigned
his i)()rt folio, and sailed shortly after for I'hmland.
Ivuinour had for some time bi'cn busy with the
name of his successor, and Sir A. T. Gait had
been freely spoken of as likely to resume his
old position in the Cabinet, but although he
WIS oli'ered the seat, and urged to accept it. In
declined, j)referring to remain a private mem-
ber, and the position was linally lilled by the
appointment of Sir I'rancis Ilincks, on the
ninth of October. Sir Francis had been absent
from Canada fourteen year.s, during half of
which pi'riod he had been Governor of Barl)a-
does and the Windward Islands, and lor the
remainder tiovernor of British Guiana. He
returned to Canada on the expiration of his last
term of office, with the intention of only payinu'
a visit and then accepting another Governorship

I which had been oflered him ; but becoming
desirous of remaining in his mitive coiintry.
he determined on re-entering public life, and
ai'cepted the portfolio of Minister of Finance. :
His appointment was well received by the sup- |
porters t)f the (Jovernment and the country
generally, but he was bitterly attacked by the
Opposition press and his former public career |
severely criticised. Mr. Rankin, the member \
for North Renfrew, having resigned his seat. Sir
Francis offered himself for the constituency — j
which he had represented in the old Parliament
of Canada just previoixs * i his temporary re- '
tirement from i)ublic life. He was oi>posed by
Mr. J. Findlay, and the contest was very keen,

, but Sir Francis was elected by 120 majority. •
In the following month all the \ acancies were
tilled by the admission of Messrs. Christopher

j Dunkin, J. C'. Aikins and Alex. Morris, and the
Cal)inet was reconstructed, many of the mtnn-
bers changing their portfolios. The Cal)inet
as finally arranged stood as follows :

Ho.s. Sir John Ai.kxandbk M.UDONAi.n, K.C.B., P.C.I,.. <^i'.
(lonscivnUvo, Oiitmio, M.l'., I'lciiiiciand Minister of .liistuc.

^^W

(iOVKKNMKNT OK SIR .lOlIN V( >l Nd-- Isci).

H-

< ^<

lldN. Sir (iKoiiciK r.TiKVNi! I'aiit.kii, Hurt., i^ C , ('(insirviilivc,
(jdrlpii', M.I'., MiiiihtiT ol MililiiiHiicI Uifiiiri'.

llcN. Sill FiiAXCis Mini Ks. K r.M.(i. CM'... l.ilunil. Unliirio M.I'.,
.MiliixtiT ol Fnninc.

lli.N Siii KiiMAiin Kknn\, Kt., Novii Sn.liii. Siimdir. I'losiiliMit

Tin V ( '(illllrll.

Hiiv. Sv.MiKi. LK".NAhii 'I'lLi.KV. I.iliiiiil, N<w liniiiswlik, M.l'.,

Miiii-ti r nf CiiJitdiii.^.
II. .N. IlKiinii I.Mi 18 I,axi:km\. Cmisi rviilivr, l^iH'lui'. M.P..

MlniBti^r ol' I'lililli' Wnrks.
lldN. Alk.va.sdkii MoiiiiiK. D.C.I,, ('i.ii.Kciviitivc. niitiiiio. MIV,

.Minister nl liilitml UcveiMie.
Ili.N. .liKKi'ii ]lii«K, l.'i.crit' NoMi .Sidliii, .M.IV, Sicritiiiy i.f

Stiitr for llir rrovilico.
II, i\. I'k.tku MiTiiiKi.i., LilMTal. Now l!nins«i(k, Si-nator,

Miiiisti'r 1.1' Murliir unci Kisliun. s.
IIiiN. Ai,K.\AXi>KH Ca.mi'Mki.i., Ciiiistrviiti vc. (intario. Seiml.ir,

rcistniastrr-dcmiiil.
Ho.v. ( iiiu.xroi'llKli DiNKf.N, !>.('. r,.. IM' , <'ijiiscivallvp, (jiicIm'c,

M.I'., .Miiiisttr ot Apiiculliirc.
Ilo.v. .Ikas Ciiaiu.ks CiiAi'iAs. CiiUHrrviitivf. <,»iuOmc, Soimtiir,
I Ri'ci'ivir-llcricni!.

Hon .Ia.mks ('ii.\ Aiiin.-i, l.il.iral, lliitmlo, Sfrmtor. Scciitiiiy of

Miili; ami lU'giKtnii-iiriieriil.

1."). — It will be soon, by ii com pari .sou with

th(> ('iibiui't as originally Ibrmod, that althoii<rh

Sir John A. Macdonalcl still kept

lit! iiw (if lilt' . i_ • 1 r I, • 11 ii

iimMt'c" in ihu to his {Hixn ot huving all the

Provinces, l)oth Honses, and
both parties represented in his Cabinet accord-
inii' to their relative strength and importance,
he had somewhat modilied it, lor although the
Provinces had still their same number oi'
representatives each, neither the Houses nor
the parties retained their relative proportions,
there being live im'mbers ol' the Senate in the
Ministry now in i)lace ol' lour, and three Con-
servatives f'l'om Ontario instead ol' two. The
addition oi' another Senator seems to have l)e(>n
made on account ol" the dilliculty which any
Liberal memb(>r of the House who had accepted
oliice would luive had in gaining his re-election ;
and th" adding of one Conservative to the
number from Ontario appears to have been
partly caused by the gains made by that party
at the general election, and partly by the
inclination, now that Confederation was fully
accomplished and the Crovernment well
cstahiished, to gradually abaiulon Coalition and
ionu a party Administration. Coalition had
served its purpose, and there were now enough

questions o\ i^icat nalinnal importune'' arising
on which tn divide two iireat parties, .so that
from this time forward we sec Sir .loiiii aban-
doning the idea uf having "all .shades of
political oi)inion " represented in his Cabinet,
and recruitinii' his strength from tbe ranks of
his own party. Iiwleed tlie (•'/ohr elaiiiied,
alter the reconstruction of the Cabinet, that
there was not a member of the Reform party
in it, and that, as far at least as C)ntari() was
concerned, all traces of Coalition had di.sap-
peared. Sir Francis llincks, it claimed, had
joimMl the Conservative party in 1S.")4, and had.
also, been out of political lile lor fourteen years;
and it disputed his title to be called a repre-
sentative of Ontario, as he had lived in Quebec,
or out of the country since 1M4-5. Mr. .\ikens,
it asserted, no lonyer belonged to the Kel'orm
party, had not appealed to a constituency for
years, and could not lict elected in any part of
Western Ontario. As for Mr. Morris, it desia-
nated him as "a servile partisan of Sir .lohn A,
Macdonald." The chaime was, however,
pleasing to the Globe, as it carried out Mr.
Brown's idea of parly governiiieiit.

IG. — Turniii'j I'lom political to social events.
Wv' find that, i July, His Excellency the
Crovernor-Gener 1 k a lour ,„

l.iiir..l iliclMni'nii.r-

through (Jiu'bec ihe Lower 'ii'iiiiMi iiii-..ii«h ihc

^ * iDwur 1 r..v iiu-t',.1.

Provinces, and .rywhore

enthusiastically w . e omed, except in Nova
Scotia, where the liepealers had the bad taste
to endeavour to jn-event his being accorded any
public welcome, but were overruled by the
nuijority of the people. At (Quebec he was en-
tertained at a banquet and civic ball, and sailed
for the Lower Provinces on the second of
August, in the Cxoveriiment steamer N:i/iolsnn
III., visitinu' New Brunswick and Prince
Edward Island where he was cordially received.
The people of Pictou, N. S., decided by a vote
of 68 to 41 not to present lii)n with an address
of welcome, and an attempt was made to ])ass a
.similar resohition at a public meeting at Halifax,
held on th.' tenth of August, but failed, and on
his arrival, on sixteenth, he was presented with
a cordial address. On the eighteenth he formally

'Xi !

Ti'iTLKs iiisToi!V ori'iii: Dominion of canada.

Visil ..I I'liliri

Ariliiii.

iipnicd ill.' \\ iiidsnv ;iii(l .\iiii;i|)iili> l>iiil\v:i\,
illhl nil llii' inili'tcc'lllll W ;is cuti'llMillc'd ;it ;l
•jiMinI liiiii(|iii'l. rioiii wliidi, liiiwi'vcr, llic
iiii'iiil)ors (il ilic l.oc:il (IdViTiiiiii'iit lino I'll lly
kc'l)t iiwiiy, ill order lo ^ll(l\v llicir aiili-iminii
proclivilii's. ( tii It'twiiiu' Iliilil'iix lie wfiii i.i Si.
.lolui. N.l!., where he Wiis l<iy;ill\ eiiteilniiied,
1111(1 returned to (^uehee wliere hi' remained li>r
11 considonilde time.

17. — Tlie liieal sueial e\'ent oi'tlie year imwevcr
w a.s the vi.sit of I'rinee .\rl hiir, who liad Ix'eii
sj'azelted to tile U'ille Uii'^ade on
I'.Mli June. IsiiS. and was now
ordered to join liis corps, wiiieh at that time
was stationed in Canada. He arrived at Halifax
in the steamer Ciln of Parish, on the I'l'nd of
.Aiiuiist, and was received l)y Hi'^ Excellency
tile Ci()vernor-Crenera], the I.ieuleMant-dovernor
and a u-uiud of honor on iiis landini:'. Halifax
put on its most holiday attire and held hiyh
carnival durinL;- his stay, enterlaininu- him at a
grand l)an<|uet on the twenty-fourth, and a hall
on the tliiitieth. From Halilax he visited other
parts of tile j'roviuce and paid visits to J'rince
Edward island and New Mninswick, receiving
everywhere a most enthusiastic reception. On
the lifleenth of Sei)temhcr he reached (Quebec
and spent i'our days there which were made
one continued round of gaiety, a grai\d l)all
being uiven by the Lieutenant-Governor, and
other eiitertaiinnents. On the nineteenth he
started for London. Out., where he was to open
the Provincial Exhibition. All along the route
he was met with tokens of love and atl'ection,
and such displays of loyalty as the brief time
would permit. At London he received a perfect
ovation, about Jio.OOO people attending the
opening, and a grand ball being held in the
eveninii'. Alter visitinu' Niagara l'"all.s and
Ihiifalo he reached Toronto on the .secoiul of
October, and the " Queen City ' fairly excelled
herself in her ellorts to do honor to the son ol
EiiLihuuVs (JiU'en : the ball held on the fourth
beinii' the grandest ail'air given in the city since
the visit of Prince of Wales. On the iifth he
went from Tonmto to Weston, and there turned
the iirst sod of the Toronto, Grrey and Uruce

II
liailway. Ibis l)einn the only oci asioii in Canail.i

when the Iirst sod of a railwiy has been turned

by a Prince of the ifoyal Hlood. On the sixth

lie visited Kin-jston, where a urand ball \va>

i^iveii in his honor, and on the ei^'hth arrived in

Montreal. Tlu-re a house had been taken ami

furnished i'or him, as it was intemled that h.'

should |>ass the winter there with his reiiimeiii

His icceptioii was (|nite as cordial as at oih'i-

l>oinis. Altera brief rest at Montreal, H. W. II

paid a \isit to Ottawa, where he received ;n

enilin>iastic welcome, and afterwards enjoyed a

hunting trip to the I'pper Ottawa, takiny- a

view at the Inmberinu: shanties l)y the wav.

returning to Montreal on the t weiity-lirst el

October.

18— The visit of Prince Arthur at this i)arii-
cidar time had more than ordiiuiry signilicaiiec
The accomplishment of Confed-
I eration had distur))ed two small -iL-niii'-'i'i'ii'!! .ii ii„
classes 01 tlie community, in
diii'ercnl ways, but tending towards the same re-
; suit — a severance of connection with the ]?rili-li
, Empire. One class was so much elated at the
consolidation of the Dominion, that it thoneht
we niiiiht venture to ask to be allowed to ue
I one step further, and become an entirely Lide-
' pendent Nation, preserving friendly relations
with Great liritain. but lorminii' no i)art of the
l']mpire. and entirely free from British control ;
another small class — daily <>TOwinii' smaller —
was dissatisfied with Confederation, and desired
annexation to the United States, thinking that
that course would promote the prosperity of the
country more than any Union of the Provim'e.s
and connection witli the Empire. Both these
small classes received a severe shock from the
I visit of the Prince ; for everywhere was his recep-
tion so enthusiastic, the love and devotion of tln'
!ii'eat mass to the peoi)le of the Crown so mani-
fest, so deep and so loyal, that Annexalionisis
and Independents had to hide their hi-ads [ux
very sinune, and those foreigners who had Ix'en
misled by these fal.se cries into the belief that
the people of Canada had any desire to chaniiv
their relations towards the Mother Country.
I were quickly convinced of their mistake and

11 ill <'ini:iil;i

M'Cll tVUIIril

>ii tlie si\ili

(1 hull \\;i>
h ari'ivr«l in
1 lakt'ii iiinl
I'd thai h.'
is rou'iiiifiii
as at olhir

ai, II. i;. II

■('(•('i\<'(l : n
Is cnjiiyci! a
a, taking' a
y till' \\a\.
iiity-iii'st of

t tills l)avli-
siii'iiiiitaiic '■

!• iii'i-iiliiir

Ilili.Mlli'l' nf 111.'

iiii-i-'.- \\>\t.

ihf sami' iv-

1 the Ikiti-h

atcd at th-

it thnULlllI

owed to u'o

tiroly Iiiii'-
y ndations

l)ai't of till'

isli fontntl :

;• siiiallcr —

and dfsiiiil

inking tliat

ici'ity <>r the

I' rrovinci's

Both thi-i'

k IVoiii till'

sliis reel'))-

iitionol' the

11 so niaiii-

ioxatioiii>is

r hi'ads i'or

() had 1)1 I'll

licliel' that

(' to chaiiu'i'

r C'ouiitiy.

listak.' aiul

'^.

. Jr

% "i*

f-' 'Jr

'*^ I **

■■^•

A-

N.i;., win.

■-how

AiU u;

•iven in hits Iidm/*. and on ti

'vfoiitreal. T

honso bud

■.i'"iirt)ii'd /'>! : 11' i,s it Wiv- iiii« ^lM'.,
■jlioiikl pa^.s tlic vvinffT there with his r.

Hit: roceptitiii

, I'rl

•ja/i.!'(j(l ro tut- IJiiii ii'icnfUMHi !■ en^'vi-i-

■ 'I iitf UN '■iifdial
'ini'f rrfst at Mi.;
i iti:ivv;i, ' '•
lio^:!i', ail

ilS

iMUC. li^l

)■^. .li.'il ^S:i'- !'(•

10 ioiii

ri».,

\st)j''li lU ill. II, tiiui.

li'ined lu rai;adu. Ho arrivt^d at Hulilin
stf'amor < '.y of Paris, on the i^nd o\'
, aad wa.'- ..•c\iv''i.l i)7 His* Ks(>-'i
eruor-Gi'Mi ral. Ui" hi-'Uienuin-* :

unvft.

f 1.

IJl'l!''

aiiriji

Vyq,

ri! .. iiwi'

lUtT

■ -Tin- viMii ol I'l

■ tiiui' !i;ui nior.i than oid,;
.i<'con4jUish.in"nt. of Con!o(i-
»u had (lislu 'ii'il two 81

>f>s of *hf; .Lnuumtv,

L;!mi. ni^

u; iii

tiiidijt/tow .1 1

III

i:i-

ivl.il.

ive

n }

abot '.

• 1 1 ; I i I'a •

on, hiiL

,rf ;»ir*>. ii.ivl t-atirelv i'roo I'mni !

liv. sm.'iil cliiss— daily o-ro
\ , Ml ivirh t'oiiit'<hM'--il;

Mil. '.I

. ny bni'.'U m ti,
II :» th"' Kifiiiirc!'

".\-»:]

.]., :-'r

I.'.

^ In C:M f»''Oitl»? of. til "Crown - > "
,» ami (!i. it. yul, fcliat" Ann"
.' 1 ;i'.'.. :<'h hiwi *" 'iklw tlmn'
■*!iaiao, nud those SiTf^iutvei a \\h'> . i^i '■
I !^v tl

i-so J:i'

(! .■ h

• lii!-i' *. DiUil

■'<.>■>)■;!!. 'Ml.

■ 1 1 1 ■ ■ ;

comptM
loyal, n
f'ormiiiu
time :
the 1)01
finncr.
very ju
bears a
to disn
who art
iusiij'iiifi
actnati-cl
and adv
j allegiaiK
some, as
I rcsponsil
i \Vi' havt'
i oi' the p('(
test how
public in
the Moth
who st'i'k
that ill
bi'twcfii
resolved
Canada w
who desii
afli'ction,
and idem
ralrulutet
Empire."
Ill— Tl
hundred

lil'lllTlllrOvillW

\L'!ir.

not unusii
necessarie
trade, will
show a soi
a lair avei
liiiaiicial :
of ;my ki:
the Royal
lillle incc
depositors
latter vvhc
pension ai

GOVERNMENT OF SIE JOHN YOUNG— 1869.

compi'lled to admit that Canada was never more
loyal, never more devoted, never more proud of
forming a portion of the Empire than at this
time ; and that their most fervent wish was that
the bond of love and duty might be made
firmer. The Globe in commenting on this visit
very justly said : " At the present moment it
bears a signilicance which it would be unwise
to disregard. It is asserted by many abroad
who are ignorant of our jiosition, and by an
insiaiiificant 'lique in our own Dominion,
actuated by selfish motives, that our welfiire
and advancement depend on our renouncing
allegiance to Great Britain, and starting in
some, as yet undefined direction on our own
responsibility. That such statements are untrue j

we have before now shown, and the bearing i

of the people towards Prince Arthur makes mani- l
fest how little effect they have had upon the i!
public mind of Canada. Our sentiments towards l'
the Mother Country cannot be mistaken by those I ■
who seek to know the truth, and it is undeniable [;
that ill whatever form the future connection H
between Crieat Britain and her colonies may be
resolved ujion by those competent to decide,
Canada will be found foremost amongst those
who desire to strengthen the ties that natural
allection, natural assistance, similarity of ideas
and identity of sympathy may select as best
calculated to cement the union of the British
Empire."

11'. — Then, as a whole, the year eighteen t
hundred and sixty-nine was a prosperous and i
lioiinain.vi.nvoftiu. satisfactory one for the New
■ ''"' Dominion. The crops, although

not unusually large, were abundant ; prices for
necessaries of life ruled at moderate rates ; and
trade, without being very large, was sufficient to
show a sound, healthy tone, and gave evidence of I
a iiiir average prosperity. There were no large '
riiiancial lailures, and the only Bank difficulty !|
of nny kind was the temporary suspension ofii
the Royal Canadian Bank, which caused some t
little inconvenience, but involved no loss to ,
depositors or note-holders, except to such of the ij
latter who were nervous at the moment of sus-
pension and hastily disposed of their bills at a

discount before the real condition of the Bank
had been ascertained. Rumors of the Bank
having sustained heavy losses caused a run to
be made on it, and, on the twenty -second day of
May, the Directors thought it most prudent to
suspend payments xiutil the affairs of the Bink
could be fully examined. This was done by
Mr. Yarker, Manager of the Toronto branch of
the Bank of Montreal, who made a report on the
seventeenth of August, showing that by deial-
cations and bad debts the capital of the Itank
had been impaired to the extent of al)out twenty
per cent. A change of Directors was made and
an effort made to amalgamate with another
Bank, but, after some negotiation with the
Merchants' Bank, the proposed arrangement
fell through, and the Bank resumed business
on the 13th of October under its own officers,
and so continued until its amalgamation
with the City Bank, of ^lontrcal, when
the name was changed to the Consoli-
dated Bank, under which it now exists.
Amongst the minor events of the year were the
execution of Patrick Whelan at Ottawa, on the
eleventh of February, for the murder of Thomas
D'Arcy McGee, which we have already referred
to, and the acquittal of Patrick Buckley and
others accused of complicity in that crime.
During the summer Father M(\Mahoii, who
had been condemned to death and aiterwards
had his sentence commuted to imprisonment
for life for taking part in the Fenian raids of
18t)6, was released from Kingston Penitentiary,
where he had served out more than three years
"f his term. He showed his appreciation of
the clemency extended to him by going to New
York and violently attacking Great l^ritaiii and
Canada. Another " Fenian scare " \vas raised
in October, but beyond causing a little activity
among the volunteers, had no result. In July,
Her Majesty was pleased to bestow the honor
of knighthood on the lion. A. T. Gait, in
recognition of his services in accomplishing
Confederation, thus completing the li.st of tho.se
on whom honors were bestowed for their share
in that noble work. There was one. however,
who had strongly and zealously advocated

I i'{
I 'I

' ■ ' :" 7''^-

TUTTLES FflSTORY OF THE DOMIXION OF CANADA.

Confedoration, but who derived no honors from [
its arcomplishmoiit, however much he may
have deserved them, and that was the Hon.
Oreoru'e Rrown, wlio had left the (lovernmeiit
he had joined for the purpose of carrying Con-
j federation hefon* the work was accomplished,
i and so lost recognition of his services. It
would have been a gracetul act of the Govern-
ment to have shown some appreciation of Mr.
Brown's services, although he did happen to be
in opposition to the Local Administration at
the time the work was completed. On this
subject the Quebec Chronicle — a strong Con-
servative organ — under date 10th July, said:
'■ We deem this a proper occasion to endorse
cordially the opinion of some of our contem-
poraries, that in recognition of the services of
those most prominently concerned in Confed-
eration, the Hon. (Jeorge Brown should not be
passed over. Much as we hai'e differed from
him in opinion at times, and strongly as we
have condemed some of his courses, truth and
justice compel us to say that he has, both in
opposition and in office, rendered Canada good
service, and particularly in ])romoting Colonial
Union. In the latter work he made greater
sacrilices than nuxny of his colleagues, and had
to face dilliculties they never experienced."'

CHAriEIi IX.

(iOVEUNMEXT ()!•" Silt JOHN YOUNU-
NOIiTIl-WlvST.

-THl

1. FeEI,IN(J in TUK NoRTII-WesT .V((.\INST

Union with C.vn.vd.v. — 2. 1{i;a,«)Ns why

THE FliENCII HaI,F-HI!EEDS FEAHED UNION.

— 3. Bishop T.vriiK's NoN-ri!oai!EssiVE
Policy. — 4. The Elements of which the

I'OPUIi.VTION OF THE NoRTH-WesT WAS

composed. — 0. A Government Indepen-
dent (IF THE HrD:^oN's Bay Company

ATTE.MPTED AT roRT.VOE LA PraIRIE. —

6. The Imperial Government refuses to
neootiate a transfer until arrange-

MENTS ARE MADE WITH HUDSONS Bay

Company. — 7. Terms finally agreed to
FOR THE Transfer. — 8 A Territoriai,
Government piiovided for the Nok-tii-
West. — !i. Surveys ordered PREPARAToin
TO laying OUT Townships. — 10. Hon. AV.
Macdouoall appointed Governor of thi;
North-West Territory^ His Instrcc-
tions. — 11. Visit of Hon Joseph Howe
TO Red Hiveb Settlement. — 12. Hon.
Mr. Macdouoall rei'Eives warning not
to enter the territory. — 1:!. french
haiif-hreeds determined to oppose
Entrance of the Governor. — 14. Hon.
Mr. Macdou({all driven out of the
Territory.

1. — We return again to affairs in the Nortii-
West. It will be remembered that on the 23rd
of December, 1867, an address K..eiin,Mn.i,..Xnr.i.-
waspassrl in Parliament pray- "ilT,',',',';;""'" ' "'""
ing Her Majesty for the annex- ^""»""""-
ation of Rupert's Land and the North-We.><i
Territory to the Dominion. The propo.'<ition te
tran.sfer this vast territory from the control ol
the Hudsons Bay Company to that of Canada
by no means met with general approval from
all the inhabitants of the country, the objec-
tions coming chiefly from the Frenth Hall-
breeds, led by the Catholic priests — and at a
later period than that of which we are now
writing, from the resident officers and employes
of the Hudson's Bay Comi)any. In 18G8 Bishop
(now Archbishoj)) Tache published a very
interesting little book entitled " A Sketch of tlu'
North-West of America," one of the main
purposes of which was to show that tlie
country was not nearly so fertile as it had been
represented ; that the winters were very lonu'
and cold, and the summers very short and hot,
and that it was not an attractive place lor
settlers. The worthy Bishop evidently thouuiii
that the Red River Settlement was well enouuli
as it "was, and did not advocate any change
After giving a brief sketch of the Colony,* ami

• The lollowing ni-einint of the extent, inciile nt' (tiivcinment.Ae.. nl 11"
Ciiloiiy ill ISIlS.is tiiken from Areliliisliop Tiu'lie'? wnrk ;
" Ai<!<iniboiii is ver.vcirciiiiiiicribe(l, liiiis<iiiueli iis iti" boiiiiilnr.v is ilesciiluil

alluding to the proposed auuexatioii oi' Rupert's
!.and to the Dominion he says : •' Oiispring of
K'uiH'rfs Laud, it will follow its mother and be
ruletl hy the inllueui;es whieh atl'ect her. Yet
altlioui^h not (juite free, the child has acquired
certain rights : it posseses or oceupies lands for
which it has iu)t always paid ; it has cultivated
them with its labor. True — the labor has not

with 11 iM'Iiii> I'l" iiiily .-ixly mile-', abnut a iH'inI at tht' fitnUiiL'iief <ir tlic
.A^.-iiiitiuii't' aii'l Ki'il liivcr,-*. The l-uIuii.v lia.*; iheii the ailvaiitai^e nl
exlfinlint,' al! naiinl iheciuuita.-*.-;. Althouu'h tinder the llotittraltlo llinl-
s.iii's liay t'iiiit|)atiy. the Ueil River aottleiiient ha.< a di.'^titict pulitieal
exi^tetice. time hit.- ilevi'Iupeil a eoiislittitiun I'or it, whieh, in thciTv. i.<
tin. .-aine as in the thiy^ at' the Cniniiany's inuiiopni.x', Imt in praetieot* now
viiy .lillerent. The affairs cillhe ."ettleiiieiil arc nianat-'ed by a<ii)\crniir,
who is not always tile liovernor i»l' Uitpert's Land — wlio has not o\en
lieeii invariably a member rd' the Company. The llunorable ,Ju(li.'e f.
.JohiisMii was once (lovenior here : CohtncI Coidwell, wlio was (Jovornor
bel'av him was not only not a inimlier of the Company, bnt was appoiitt-
ed Ity the Crown. To assist tiie (lovernitr of Assiniboia tiiero is a Coiineil
of an iiidelinile niimlier of lueinbors. The members are also iioininateil
by the lloaor.ible Hudson's IJay Company, but jusliee recjuires that we
sliould say that— witliont iiitrodueii;^ the prineii)le of piiblie election—
the ('oni|«iiiy durini; the past twelve years, atany rate within my i>ersonal
knowledge, has been t'liideil in its selection of Coiineillors, rather by the
publie voice than by its own interests, at least its mercantile iiitere i.-.
It has selected several C(Mincillors from anionBst those who have been
most warmly oppo-ed to its trdaini?. It is true that on two occa.sion.s it
retused to appoint citizens who presented nunierously-aipned petition.s
in their favor ; but it must be remembered— and I have oflicial proof of
the fact— that these sentlemen- anticipating a refusal which otherwise
they would not have e.\|perienced, publicly loaded the Company and
Council of the Colony with so much gratuitous abuse that their appoint-
ment became an impossibility, as much I'or the .sake of the honor of the
Ciaapany itself as for the honor ot the Couitcil, of whieh many members
wuald h;ive resigned hatl men thus disposed been forced upon them as
cciUeau'iics. ijowever. the Kxeciitive Council — whieh is also legislative —
is not chosen by siitfrjige. It is composed of various elements selected
tnnn people ol fair intelligcnoc amongst the ditt'erent eias.ses of society
in the colony,

'■It the selection of Councillors does not meet with universal approval,
it is, I think, at all events, as gotid as could be expected were it entrusted
toothers than the (Jovernor. .Although I am myselfa memberof Council,
cunscientious con\iction obliges me tt) declare that it conducts public
business most faithfully. The (io\ernor does not exercise any infhience
over it other than that which is lawful and reasonable, and limiteil by the
interests of the members, of whom only one belongs to the Company

" Law is adiniaistcred ijy a chief judge called ' Itecordcr,' assisted by
.hislices of the Peace. Councillors and .lustiees i.r mlirii,. This tribunal
is oar Supreme Court, ami sits ipnirtcrly. In addition, snnill emirts to
ciiciaiic into civil causes of secondary importance, sit monthly in the
ccntrnl ilislrict, and bi-nmnthly in all the others,

" A Justice of the peace, assisted by several magistrates, presiilcs in
tluso courts. The nlal-'i^trates are appointed by the Cidonial Cinineil.

'•The liovernor and Itecordcr, the only ollicers whose .salaries arc of
importance, are paid by the Company. The salaries cd' the other officers
are so small as to be drawn from the Ci lonial Treasury. This treasury is
nut ilic main rcsimrees of the Company -far from it. '

" 'file public revenue is deri\ ed froii an import duty of (our per cent.
on the cost price of articles. Many articles— annmgst other-, agricul- '
tin-Ill implements— are not suli.ieoled to this charge. Licenses and Knes
lire till' other sources of revenue. The Company is on the same footing ;
MS iiidivi.liiids with reference to the import duties

" The imblic accounts of the Colony of Assiniboia have an advantage
ivliicli many government.s— even elective ones— might envv, they always
shew nil excess ot receipts. The Councillors, nut being elected by the
pel. |ile, dare no| tax them, mu h less draw large salaries from them,"
^ flic little settlement has a popuhithm of about lli.iMXl, speaking French, '
Kiiglish. (laelie, Saulteux, Cree, Jce. ]

always been great ; but we speak of ti child of
the desert. It commands induluence ; it
presumes to hope that here the foreigner shall
not be jireferred ; that in the great and wise
plans matured by the Mother Country, and
Canada, its eldest brother, its past hi.story may
not be entirely disregarded. In the colony
itself there is nervousness and uneasiness about
the future. Some who hojx' to gain by any
change, are clamorous for cnie ; others dwelling
more upon the system of government thtin upon
its application, would like to try a change, cer-
tain that they would never return to the primi-
tive state from which they desired to escape ; a
greater number — the ipajorily — dread that
change. Many are very reasonable ; the
country might gain })y the change, and it
would certainly obtain many advantages
which it now lacks : but tht; existing popula-
tion would certainly be losers. As we love
the people more than the land in which they
live, as we prefer the well-being of the ibrmer
to the splendor ol' the latter, we now repeat
, that, for our population we very much dread
\ some of the promised chanu'es." It is only just
\ to the Bishop to explain that when he speaks
of "our population" he refers more particularly
to tht> Roman Catholics and French llalf-
: breeds.

2. — The fears of the 'W'^orthy Bishop, and of
j his Hock, were very similar to these entertained

by the French Canadians in
; Que})ec. They drt>aded English I'muriiai't-iu'eeds

. ., , . .^' . ., feared I'nion.

emigration, irom the tear that it
would sweep away their peculiar institutions,
supplant their lanu'uage and interfere with their
religion. This has always been the feai of
French Catholics, and tlie experience of nearly
ii century and a (juarter. in Que])ec, has liiiied
to entirely persuade tliem that tiie Enulisji have
no designs on either their lanuuage or religion,
other than that which the regular course of
events must produce. The French lanLiiiatie is,
to a great extent, ftilling into disuse in the la rue
cities, and will, probably, continue to do so as
their trade and commerce increase, for the great
bulk of the immigrant settling in the towns and

I 'A"

I r.W.l i 'i i

1 J!' ; !

\[-n

1- ' -, '■!•,

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOMIXfON OF CANADA.

cities are Eimlsh speaking, and, oi' course, the i
language is gradually superseding French in i
the business centres, the French Canadians ;
finding that it is more necessary I'or them to
understand and speak English — which may be
called the language of trade and commerce — |
than it is for the English to imderstand and |
speak French ; but in the country French still
holds its own, and probably will do so for cen-
turies yet to ionu>, and there is no reason to fear
that any elibrt will ever be made to deprive the
hahilanls of their native to.igue. So, too, with
religion ; the Roman Catholics have to-day as
full and free exercise of their religion as they
ever had under French rule, and there is no
real reason to fear that that right will ever be
tampered with ; still the fear — unjust though
it be — remains, and we see it cropping up
whenever l"]nglish energy and English enter-
prise open up new fields in Canada, which the
French Catholics fancy might be turned to their
disadvantage.

3. — The fundamental cause for this fear is, of
course, to be found in the difference between
i'i<iin.Tuii(^^n.m- "^^'^ Roman Catholic and Protes-
l|5di;i;"':fCa ''"it l^i'h, the former of which is
^^""' essentially conservative in all

tilings, believing in no change in the Church \
and very little in anything else, while the latter
is cHiincntly proaressive and constantly
chani-inii' everything — itself included. The ob-
jection on the part of the French Half-breeds of
Red River, in the first instance, to the transfer
of the territory to Canada was confined to this
dread of change, and the Art'hbishop — who
speaks for the whole French element — frankly ;
confesses that he is quite content with things as
they are and does not desire any alteration,
although he admits that it might be to the ad-
vantage of the country. So fearful, indeed, is
he of innovations that he is almost comically
earnest in his endeavors to persuade outsiders
that the Red River territory is a good place for
them to keep out of ; and even so important an
event as the appearance of a steamer on the
river is regarded distrustfully by him, and after
sketching the fortunes of the first steamer, the ;

Anson Nordui/i, which arrived from St. Peter>
in June, 18.'i9, and her sacce.s.sor, the Interim-
tionni, launched at Georgetown in 1862. up to
the season of 1808, seems rather pleased than
otherwise that up to that time the undertaking-
had not been successful, and concludes his ac-
count as follows : " Such has been the expe.
rience of eight years ; the steamer (Internalion(il)
could not ply during half the time, and during
the other half she was a complete failure. The
result has slightly disaj)pointed bright hopes
and money making schemes. Now the idea of a
steamer on Red River does not cause the en-
thusiasm which it excited at first. \Vealthy
people and merchants, taught by experience
and disappointment, fear uncertainty. Rour
people are decidedly against steam navigation
for the following three reasons : 1st. The Red
River abounds in fish and supports a great
number of the necessitous. It is well known
that steamboats are not skilful in the art of
pisciculture. 2nd. "Wood is very scarce on the
banks of Red River, yet it is -^ery much wanted
there, and the fire canoes mak-^ war against thi
fiiel on the banks, as well as i gainst the food
swimming in the water. i5rd. Land carriage
from the United States hither, is an abundant
source of profit to the land owners of the colony,
who thus employ their horses and oxen : but
the running of the steamer dei)rives them oi
this advantage, and all tht' money paid for cait-
age from St. Cloud to Cleorgetown goes into
American pockets."' Such objections sound
puerile enough in oixr ears, but they are gravely
urged by the Archbishop, in his conservative
desire to have things remain as they were, as ,
reasons why " Poor people are decidedly against
steam navigation."

4. — But if the Archbishop and the French
Ilalf-breeds were content with their isolated
position, content with the mon- pi,,, ,,|,,„n.„„ „!■
opoly of the Hudson's Ray Com- .Tti'.'fil.'lv'ir,./!;:^"!;;.'^'"
pany, content with the miserable "^'^ '■':'"i'"='^^''
apology for government, and content to he
allowed no voic(? in the management of their
own affairs, there were other elements in the
population which desired to be freed from the

(iOVKRNMHNT OF SIR .lOlIN YOrN(i-TIIE \ORTII-WKST.

'.•3

incubus of the ('ompany, and to assert their
viiiht to a voiie in Uie frov(>rmnent oi' themselves.
These elements were the English Kdli'-l)reeils
and the Canadians (mostly I'rom Ontario) and
the Americans who had lound their way into
the si'ttiement. Small as was the population of
this vast country ten years ago, there was con-
siderable variety about it. Archbishop Tache
says: " F«;urteeii civilized nations and twenty-
tw^ Indian tribes, with Hall-breeds — the
'■ olfspriiiir of intermarriage between these dif-
j I'erent races — have scattered over the immense
territorv, about which I am writing, the
extremely small population inhabiting it." The
English Half-breeds, as they art- called, although
they are mostly of Scotch origin, are the
descendants of the settlers brought out by Lord
Selkirk and of employes of the Hudson's Bay
Company by intermarriages with the Indians,
just as the French Hslf-breeds are descended
from the old French voijageurs who roamed the
woods and associated with the Indians before
the English conquered Canada. Of the two
races the English are by far the nu)st intelli-
gent, are more industrious and mainly devoted
to agriculture, while the F^remh are for the
most i)art hunters and trappers, and still pre-
serve much of the old voya<ieiir stamp about
them, beina' rather disposed to be lazy, very
fond of i>leasure and much addicted to drunk-
enness. 'fhe.se distinctions of French and
Enulish HaU'-breeds refer to the language
spoken by them rather than to the stock from
whence they sprung, for many Scotch mimes
are found amongst the French Half-l)reeds, and
vice versa. Archbishop Tache admits " the
so-called English population occupies a more
iniportiuit place in our midst than does that in
wliich the F'rench element predominates," and
goes on to state as a reason " for the greater
prosperity of t\w English 'hat they include a
uieat majority of the women who eonu> i'rom
ahrdiul." and also that they were better edu-
cated, and so gave superior traininu to their
children.

•'^.— The linglish element had long been chafing
under the restraint of the Hudson's Bay Com-

pany, and in .Tuiu% istlT, a Aii..v.riiiri(iii

. , 1 , 1 i 1 iniU'poiHli'nr nf tile

numiorial was aildrcssed to the iiii.i-Hir- Hu.v

, .. t !• 1 / 1 1 ■ Ciim|i;n).v tiltclilpU'il

hecretary ol felate lor the (_ olonies, ^n Wnuw i..i I'n.irii'.

by a number of settlers near Lake Manitoba,

praying for the establishment of a responsible

government. No attention being paid to this

request, early in 18(js an attempt was made

to establish an independent liepnblic under the

protectorate of 'Jreat Uritain, and Provisional

; Oilicers were elected, and an address pre-

i sented to the Colonial Secretary.* It will be

' observed l)y reference to the boundaries laid

down in tlie address, that this miniature Ke-

■ public '• of settlers who number over four
hundred," was not part of Assinibonia, or Red
River, Imt was intended to cover a small tract

■ of adjoiniim- territory, which now, together
with the Red River Settlement, forms part of
the Province of Manitoba. These " i'oiir liun-

• I<A I'r.mhik, -M vm nii'.A. rin Ku'l Hivor Settlement.

l'el)nliii-.v luth. ISlW.

Mv I,(pH1i.— A.« I'resiilent elei-l by the i>eiiplc nf the newly un-'iiiiizcil

tinveriiiiieiit iiiid Ci)HiieiI of Msinitolpii, in lifiti-^Ii tiTritury. I Inive the

ilulil'ul hnnor ut hiyinu Ijelore ynni- Lurilp'hiii. I'm' the eipii-iileriiticin cl' Her

Mnst (Iraeinu.^ iM;ijest\'. (tui helipveil t^ileen. the eireiini>t:niees iitten'lill^r

the ereiitjnn nl' tliij* selt'-.-iiip|iin'tiiiK petty j:"veniinent in tlii,* isnhtteii

pnrtinii ut' Her .Miile>t,\*.s Itntniniuns, iind a." luyjil IJriti^h .^uhjeet.-^ we

htiinlily ami sineerely irust that Her Musi (Iraeimi." Majesty ami her

!-»lvisers will he pleaserl Ibrtliwith tn jrive this Ki)v'(-riiineiit tavorahle

i reeo^^nitioii. it bein>; simply Dur aim to de\eh>|» our rcsourees, improve

I the conilition of the people, ami Kencrally ailvaiice ami pre.icrve liritish

1 interests in this risiinr Kar-AVest.

■An hnmhie aihlress from the iiecjiile of this seitlemcnl In Her .M.i.iesty

1 the IJneeri was forwnrdeil tliroanh the (iovernor-tieneral of Canada in

1 .lane last, hrielly settiiiK forth the sai>erior allrai'lions nf this portion uf

the liritish <loininii>ns, tin? ^^rowiii^^ pupalation ami trradual inttn.x of

emiiii'.ints, anil hnnilily prayinK for a reeot-'ililinn. law ami i.rp>tei'lion, to

whii'h no re|il.\' or aekin'\vietl;;menl h.is yet reacheil this people.

Early in .lannary last, at a puhlic ineelinir of settlers, who niiin her over
four humlred. it was unanimously ileelareil 'o ut om-e proeeed to the
eleetion ami epuistruetioii <if a t:ii\"uriiment. whii'h inis aee^^^^in^'iy been
duly earried out, a reveniu' imposed, publie buildintfscoiiimeneeil toearr.\'
out the law.s, provi-siou tmide fctr Italian tribes, eonstrm-tion I'f mads, and
other pnhlie works (endiofr to promote the interest.s and welfare of the
tieople. The bouiiditrie.s of the jiirisdietiou beiiiK fur tbo time proelaimed
a.s follows :

A'/i///.— From a point runniuK ilue north, from the boundary line "f
.\ssinihoia until it strikes I,aki' .Manitoba : theiiee from the pnint struck
a straiirlit line aeross the said hike In .Manifnlia port : Ihenee by latitiplinal
line .t1, till it interseets line of loinzitude ]ini.

»'.»/.— Uy line of longitude llHi, to the boundary nf the I'nite'l Stales
and liritish .\nieriea-

Ktitu — Tholtoundary lim' id' the.iurisdii-tiiai of theConm-il nf Assinibnia,
Sntitlt. — The boundary line between Itrilish Niirlh .\nieriea and the
fnitcil Slates.

1 haye the honor In remain.
My Lnrd.
Your Lnrdshiii's iibedicnt Servant,

T, Sl'Ji.NX'K. I'resi.Iunt nf the Conm-il.
To Hie Seerelary of Stale

for (^donial AtTairs,

liondon, Kiiijland.

! ]

i HH.i

I (.

!t4

TITTLKS HISTORY OK THE DOMINION OK CANADA.

dred settlers'" were Kiii'li.sh Halt'-bri't'ds and a
lew sotlt'is Irom Canada, wlio desirod to I'orm

: a government independent ol' Hudson's IJay
Coni]iany, under which they could enjoy tlie
same privileges and political rights that they
had been aocustonu'd to in Canada. They must
not ])e considered as being antagonistic to the
cession oi the Territory to the Dominion, ibr at
the time ol' their taking action it was not know n
that ai)plication lor permission to annex the
Territory would be so soon made by the Doini-

i iiion I'arliament. and as soon as the President
was infornied that his action was illegal and
that L'lcps were being taken to annex the Terri-
tory to the Dominion, all attempt to establish
an independent government was abandoned.*
li. — The desire ol' the J)ominion GoA'ernmeiit
to have Rupert's Land and the North- West
„„ , . , Territories transferred, in accor-

IIk' luilH'IMll lidV-

h!''!!li'i'iV !r'i'mh«il'i' '^'^'^''^^ with the provisions of the
;;;.;!'',,, ■'i'J^';;';;'i';'^;j|;: British North America Act. and
"■"•'"' ' after that to settle the c'aims ol'

the Hudson's Bay Company, was not to ])e so
easily attaiiu'd as had been hoped, nor was it to
be attained at all on the terms at lirst ])roposed.
The Hudson's IJay Conii>any was not at all dis-
posed to allow thi' transfer to be made until the
Dominion (iovernnient had agreed as to the
terms on which it was to relincjuish its title,
and had no intention of seeking redress in the
Canadian Courts — with the right of appeal to
the Privy Council — but i)referred to have it all
stipulated beforehand how much was to be
paid, and how it was to be paid, aiul the Hud-
son's Bay Comi)any having more inlluence with
the British Ministry than the Canadian Govern-
ment, of course had its way, and eventually
forced the (u)vernment of tht' Dominion to make

I
I

* .Mr. Tliniiiii.-- SiiciK'i', in hi." ciiiU'iu'c liclorc (lie Select Cnmiiiilli r

I'iiiliiiinoiit. ill Miiy, 1H7I, i;:ive llie riillnwini/ iieenlllll nf llii.-, tile lir.^t iit- ;
leiuiit til lurm iin ludeiieinleiit (iii\ei"iiiiieiit in tlie .Nnrtji-West : j

"I Iiiiil iirriiiii/.i'tl ;i I'l-iivisiiiiifil lMi\-erniiieiit in IsilT, ii\erii part nf the
lerriNir.v wliirh uas ueiMliiied Uy iilimtl I'mir hnnilreii [leupie. I linil emn- i
111 II II irii I I'll ihi.^ nr^riiMl/.itiiiii tn tile I 111 per ill I tiiiM'rniiii'iit. iiiiil iiiinn Iumi-
ilijz triilil tile llllperiill .\lltliiiri!ies tliat our prueeeiliiifrs were ille|r;il, the
iir^iini/atiiin wii.*^ Iirnlfeii up. 'I'lii^ mutter litnl itntliiiiK wlnitexer tii iln
witli tile iiutbreiilt ur ili.itiirhiiiiee« in W<\i nr IKTII. 'I'lii.^ nrminiziiliiiii wii."
iiiaile ."imply as a matter nf piuteetimi I'nr iiiirselves, ii.« ive were mitside
tile jfovernmeiit of liie Cniinoit uf .\.i."iiiihoia. 11." (tiiverimr Miie'l'a\i."li iii-
lunued iiie himself."

terms. On the lii'teenth of May, 1868, Lord
Moiick sent down to the Dominion Parliament
a despatch from the Duke of Buckingham and
Chandds, the Secretary of State for the Colonies,
in which he acknowledges receii)t of the des-
patch of 21st December, 18(57, forwarding the
address, and states in effect that Her Majesty's
(Jovernment considered that the Hudson's Bay
Company had a li'ood title to sometliiuf^, and
that that something and its value ought to be
determined and ascertained before any chanije
in the existing state ot affairs took place This
despatch, so disappointing to the hopes of Cana-
dians, was accompanied by letters from Sir
liJdmiind Head — ex-Governor-Cxeneral of tin'
old Province of Canada, and President of the
Hudson's Bay (,'ompany — lo the Colonial Secre-
tary, ill which he strongly urged the claims of
the Company and that they should be fulh
acknowledged before any transfer was made to
Canadii, a view which the Colonial Secretary
coincided in by .\tating in his despatch to Lord
^lonck that a bill based on the propositions of
the Hudson's Bay Company would be presented
to the Imperial Parliament.

7. — This despatch was received so late in th''
session that no ac'ion was taken o:i it ; but later
in the year Sir George E. Cartier ,,,,.,,,„^ ,.„„|,^. „^„.,.,,,
and Hon. William Macdougall "■ "•■ 'i'^' """^i^'
wen' appointed by an order in Council, a dele-
gation to proceed to England to settle the terms
for the acquisition by Canada of Rupert's Land,
and to arrange for the admission of the Norlh-
West Territory, with or without Uupert'j Land.
These gentlemen sailed on the third of Octol)er.
1808. and on their arrival in England, imnie-
diarcly put themselves in communication willi
the Duke of Buckingham, who had already
oi)eiied negotiations with the Hudson's Bay
Company with a view to transferring the terri-
tory. Some time was speiit in negotiating; the
Company, at lirst, demanding terms which tlie
Commissioners could not entertain ; but subse-
quently modifyinir their demands so that they
could be agreed to. The original proposition
of the Company was to the effect that the Com-
p.iny should relinquish its right of governraeut,

GOVERNMKXT OF SIR .lOHV vorXG— THK NORTHWEST.

claim to the land. &c., Imt retain a royalty
iuterrst in the land and mines, as well as a cer-
tain reservation lor huntinir and some tradini? 1
nrivileu'es. This propositi^., the Commissioners
(leelincd, maintaininsi- that whatever arrange- j,
inent was made inv;st be eoiielusive, and that all
rialit or title to the land must he absolutely
n-liiiquished hy th.- Company. While the ncLi'o-
tiations were in proaress, the Government ol' |
Mr. J)"l.M-aeli was delVated, and Earl Granville '
b'-oanie Secretary of State I'or the Colonies This ;
caiised some delay, and it was not nntil 18th
January, 1809, that negotiations were resumed, |
and were concluded, as I'ar as the Commission 'rs !
' were concerned, on thi'Oth March, and the terms
atterwards agreed to hy the Hudson's Hay Com- ;
paiiv- These terms were, substantially, that the j
Dominion Government should pay the Hudson's
liay Conipauy .t;;>OO,000 on the .surrender of their
rights to the Imperial Government, and that the
Imperial Government .should, within oiuMnonth
of such transfer, re-transfer the same to Canada.
The Company retained small reservations of land 1
in the vicinity of their forts and tradina' posts,
which wer<' under cultivation, and some sections
of land in the North- West, but relinquished all
further title in the land, and all exclusive trading, i
fishing, or other privileges, Government agreeing ' '
to respect the rights of the Indians and Half- :
breeds. The Imperial Government agreed to j!
guarantee the k)an of XSOO.OOO necessary to jiay !
the Hudson's IJay Company, and a Bill was
passed to that effect, on conditon of certain
requirements being complied with l)y the Do-
minion Government. The preliminaries being, '
apparently, all amicably settled, there seemed to !
he nothing to do but to pay over the money j
and transfer the property — the date of such j;
tran.sfer being fixed for the first of October, !
18)30.

S.— Daring the session of 1869, an Act was |
passed by the Dominion Parliament providini>-
.rnrriioii,,! 3, Territorial Government for the

hro\'i!i'''i"i';r tho country to be acx^uired from th(>
Hudson s iJay Company; and m
the Supply Bill provision Avas made for the
Government borrowing $1,400,000, under Im-

perial guarantee, to complete the purchase of
the Territory from the Company, and also for an
additional loan, without guarantee, of suih
sums as may ba needed for improvements in the
Territ(ny. These Acts were passed in anticipa-
tion of the actual transfer, so that the machinery
of u-overiunent miaht be ready when that event
occurred. The .Act provided for the temiioiary
government of the country to be acquired, aiul
which was to l)e known as " The N()rth-Vv''est
Territories," by a Lieutenant-Governor appoint-
ed by the Governor-treneral in Council, who,
under direction of the Governor in Council, was
lo provide for the administration of jirstice, the
peace, order and good government of Her
Majesty's subjects and others. The Governor in
Council was also authorized to appoint a
Council of not less than seven and not more
than iifteen members to assist the Lieutenant-
Governor. All laws in force in the territory at
the time of the i)assage of the Act, not incon-
sistent with the British North America Act, or
the terms of admission, wer(> to renniin in force
until amended or repealed ; and all public
ollicers, except the Chief were to continue in
oilice until others were appointed.

9. — The preliminaries being thus all arranged
the Dominion (.rovernment lost no time in i)rc-
paring for the actual transfer,

- . , . . . 1 J . Surveys nivliTcl

and wishing to take advantage |.riiMnit.>i> i,.

, '■ , , lllvilli.'.lNt tli'.Vllslli|lS.

oi the summer lor surveying trie
lines of the townships into which it was pro-
po.sed to divide the Ked Kiver Settlement,
Colonel J. S. Dennis, T.L.S, was, on 10th July,
1809, directed by Hon. William Macdouaall,
Minister of Tublic Works, to repair to the Ked
River and prepare a plan for layiim- out said
townships. Col. Dennis at once proceeded with
his work, and, after consulting with the Crown
Land Departments of Canada and the United
States, submitted a report to Mr. Macdougall, in
v.hichhenot only suggested a plan of survey,
but intimated that it was ]iossible that there
woiild be objection on the part of the French
Half-breeds to any sur^-ey in their section of the
country, until their claims had been investigated
and definitely settled by the Dominion Govern-

I '

'Mi

TITTLES HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

mciit.'* Mr. Mii((loii<2iill, however, seems not to
hii\( heeii impii'ssed hy Coloin'l Dennis' fears <)i'
troul)le willi ilie Ilali'-hreeds. and, on the
twenty-second nl September, sul)mitted a me-
uiorandinn to the I'ri\ y Couneil, reeonmientliiig
I Col. Dennis' plan ol'surveys. The nieinoranduni
' was approved in ( 'oiuieil, and an order issned,
I on the liiiirtli of October, to Col. Dennis to i)ro-
ceed with liis surveys. Mr. MacdouLiall does not
appear to ha\e considered serionsly tiie proba-
bility ol' trouble referred to by Colonel Dennis,
and did not submit his letters on the subject to
the Council with any reccnnnieiidalion. The
plan subniilted by Colonel Dennis, and ap-
proved by the Council, on recommendation oT
Mr. Ma<-douiiMlL wa^ as follows ; 1. Thesystem
to be reetuniiular. .Ml townships and sections
to be East and West, or North and South. 2.
The townships to number northerly from the
■il'th parallel, and the raniies of townships to

• 'riie I'ollnwiiiir cNliiift li'uin ii k'lter jiiMi-cs>utl in llun. Williiiiii .Miii*-
clmiirall liy CuIciij.O l>>Miiii>. il.iluil Jlst .Viiicu.^t, Ihi'i'.i, will rlcirly .-lii.w lii.-
vicvv.-^, MS ifaiiicti li.v iii-tu.i! iiitfriMHir^i' with titi' iii*ii|.U' ut" the .'^i'ttli'iiiLMit :

■■ 1 IIikI that II cuifiili-rMhlc dc^'rei' of irniaiioii i'.\i.<l.-i aiiiiMii.' the naSivf
piipHlatinti ill view "f .'^iir\ oys aiiit sctili-nR-iit" Itt-iajr iiia<lt' witliniit llu'
hiiliaii title liaviiiK hcen lil-.-t extiniriii.'^hril. Vuii will, liiMloulit. have
lic.Mttiu' aware tliat tin' Ilall'-lirui'ils lately, in a i>lll>lic- liietMiiiK. eallnl the
Ctdiii'.Miy In- re tcj ai-eniml in the matter nt' the lllniiey pa i' I I'nr tile tra lister
tn Ciinaila. \\'iiate\er iila\' have Ijeeii the \iew.« (if the (t>)\ er;lliieilt il.x to
the eharaeter (it'tlie title tn lie ennveyeil hy the ileed ul' tran.sfir. whether
the e.xiiense.-- may iir may imt he eharfreiilile to tlii* tAilnptiliy, I inn jJati.s-
lieil that III- Uin-.niiiiiiil irill, in llu .fi/"( iiltn' , liiin In iiiiili ilidi iiiuhff'ii
III: ,. iiiiirii, II III' ilii l^iilniniiili. This ipiestiiin must lie repi riled a.siif the
very i-'reatest impnrlaiiee. Fii ouiineetiiiii therewith, I wcmld reiterate to
yon my eonvieiioii, iisexpressed while at ttttawa, that no time .«hoiild he
lost. The heeessity lor prompt action i> mon. aiMiareut to me imw than
it seemetl even then. Snptiosinjr the transfer troiii the Coiii|ian\ to liave
hei'ii eompli'le. it is possible that the ohjeet m;iy he earried out yet this
fall. There eaii lie noiiiiestion as to the pri'.iildieial etVeets in retarding
till' sell lenient ot the country, should the Half-breeds and Indians assume
a position of hostility to any extent whatever, towarcls the itieomiim set-
tlers, or towards the (ioverninent. Tin- ditlieiilties of the (losition iiia.\' he
tiiueh eti'iaiieed li.\' ^iviiifr the diseoiiteiited parties the winter to brood
o\<'r. anil to eoni-ert measures ill opposition to the \iews of the d'overn-
llieilt. I n the mealitiine, th<> Freneli half-breeds, who eonstitnte about
oni'-lonrlh or one-lilth isay^i.iniii souls) of the settlement, are likely to
pr< ve a turbulent element. Tlili' rlnux Imx iimii m, I'nr nyti, llinnti it rioli itri
ihuiihl xiirriiin III iilti infill, I III III iiiiiili."

In another letter, dated J'lih AiDiust. Colonel Dennis wrote; "I have
at'aiii to remark the uneasy feellnir whiidi e.xist.s in the Half-breeds and
Indian element with rctrard to what the.\' eonceive to be |>retiiatureactifm
taken by the (iovernment in proeeedinp to elleet a survey of lands, v,ith-
out havinc first exlinj-'iiished the Indian title, and 1 be^' permission to
reiterate the i-onvieiion expressed on a former oe'-asion. that this must be
the lirst ipiestion of iinportanoe ilealt with by the lbi\erniiient. 1 h;^ ■■.
of eoiii-".'. taken every opportunity to assure this element as to llie in: i.-
tion of 'he (iovernment to deal lloaoraMy and fairly in the matter in
'piestioi , and shall ;io on ipiietly with my work. .Should, howexer, this
fefdiiiK l.( likely to result in an.\' opjiosition ofa eharaeter likely to preju-
dice a s( tilemeiit fraiiLdtt with iniportanee to the immediate fntureof this
counlrv. I shall at onee cease openitinns, iviid await your I'lirtlier orders,"

number East and West from a liiven meridian
This meridian to be drawn from the 40th parallel,
at a point, say ten miles West of Pembinti, and
to be called the Winnipeg Meridian. 8. The
townships to con.sists of (\i squares of 800 acr<s
each, and to conti;J 'ion 40 acres, or live

per cent, in area in i .ic. .^,'ction, as an allowan( ■
lor pul>lic hi'j'hways. 4. The townships on tli'
Ked and Assiniboine Rivers, whi're the stun"
have had ranges of farm li>ts laid out by tli •
Company, to be surveyed, the broken sections
butting against the rear limits of such ranges,
so as to leave the same intact as independeiil
grants.

10. — Owinir to a difficulty with the Hone'
Governnn'ut with regiird to the paying over nl
the <i;3OO,()0O agreed on to the iion. w Madoii.,!;

•jT J • li / 1 ii 1 i appointed (bivim-

Hudson s Jlay t omiiany, the date .d the .v.ith u, i

,. ,, , i ,. , • Territory. Hi- i.,

ol the transler ol the territory -tructi.ms.
was postponed from the lirst oi Octolier to the
first of December: l)ut the Dominion (roveni-
ment still proceeded with its preparations fur
taking possession, and, on the twenty-eighth
of September, an Order in Council was passed
appointing the Honorable William Macdougall
Lieutenant-Governor of the North- West Terri-
tories, at a .salary of $7,000 per annum. The
Commission which was subsequently issiud
to Mr. Macdougall was to take effect after the
transfer of the Territory, and the other Com-
missions for taking oaths, &c., were issued in
the same manner. Mr. Macdougall was direcied
to proceed to Fort (iarry with as little delay
as jiossible, and on his arrival place himself
in coinmirnication with Mr. McTavish, Ihe
Govrnor of the Hudson's Bay Company, as set
forth in the i)reliminary instructions addressed
1 to him from the office of the Secretary of State
I for the Provinces. By perusing these instruc-
I tions it will be .seen that the Canadian Govern-
ment desired to deal fairly and justly by all
clas.ses, respect all rights, and, .rradually. to i>re-
pare the way for introducinu' the .Indicia 1, J'aIu-
cational and other systems adopted in the older
Provinces ; but. unfortunately, the inhabitants
of the settlement were not made fully aware of
the intentions of the Government, and, the

n morulimi

[llhpiirall.'l,
mt)inii, anil
HI. :l Til..
it' 800 acivs
crcs, ov llv r
1 allowam ■•
iihips on til''
I' till' sani"
out by ill"
:cu sectiou>
inch raufft's.
lulependfiit

the Hoiiii'
nng' over ol

11. W M,ic.l..i'-.;:

„,i||(L'.| II..V.I!,-

III.' Xoi-th w-i
rrin.r.v. Mi- ni

llclitillS.

tobor to thr
ion (lovi'in-
)arati()ns lor
(Mity-eighth
was jiMs.^i'il
Macdouunll
Wi'st Ti'vvi-
luum. Till'
ntly issui'd
ct after the
othi'v Coiii-
e issued in
,vas diiviird
little delay
ice hiinsi'ir
'nish, the
>aiiy, as si't
addressi'd
ary of Stato
se iustruc-
aii Govein-
.istly by all
ally, to pi-i'-
dioial, J'ldii-
ill tlieoldi'V
iiihabitanlf^
ly awair ol
, and, llie

^•^

iir:

M \

.,..S

^ ."!,

Ttl

7fer

tlSOtvfO fXPSiSSiVfSl

tNiPtvEO EXPOESSiv FOR- lUTTlfS HISTORY Or THE DOMINION

THE 9IIPLAN3 Df53ARM5 '. THO COMP'

T ill

• 1 >i .

' 'J
i 1'

:!'

'! H

L;iiLii

fflU^

'I'l S.'

' n

(iOVKKNMKNT OP Sill JOHN VOL'NG— THE XOKTH WKST.

iMciich portion I'spi'tially, viewed with ulavm
and disstrust the anpointment oi" a new styk^ of
oovevnnient in the selection and composition of
wlii'h tlu'V'hiid not been in any way consuUed.
They had no conhdence in the Canadian Govern-
ment, and would much have preferred to be
Icli lis thev were, or. if they had any desire
for change, the inclinatioji cert&inly lay more in
the way of anexation to the United States, on
\\hich they so closely bordered, than to Canada
which was so fur away and could — at that time

only be readied through American Territory.

The Canadians also, while satisfied with Terri-
torial Crovernnient for the present, desired res-
pousil)le government as soon as possible, such
as thev had been accustomed to in Ontario,
while a few Americans were entirely opposed
to a union with Canada, and advocated an anex-
ation to the United States. Added to this the
resident ollicers of the Hudson's Bay Company
were very lukewarm in their support of the pro-
posed transfer, and while not ojienly disaffected,
were certainly indiH'erent as to the success of
the tindertaking. They felt thai their joint and
individual interests had not been provided for
l)y tlie Directors of the Company in London,
who eared very little for anything except getting
as much mom-y as possible out of Canada, and
tliey took no trouble to explain to the people
the intentions of the Dominion Government
after the transfer was completed. To under-
stMiid their feelings in the matter it is necessary
to explain that the Hudson's Bay Company's
alfairs in the North-West were managed by
superior ofiicers known as Chief Factors and
Chief Tradi-rs, who had a certain share of the
profits of the Company in lieu of salary ; and that
from various causes, such as increased competi-
tion, bad management after the death of Sir
(ieo. Simpson, and low prices, these profits had
been reduced to a mere nominal amount. To
the dissiitisfaction consequent upon this was
lulded a rumour that in the negotiations pending,
the stockholders in England did not propose to
lecduiiise tlieir right in any division of profit
luade by the Company, except that accruing to
the luir Trade, and consequently in the division

of any monies ri'ccived from Canada, proposed to
ignore them entirely. These inland ollicers, as
tln'y were called, felt this to l)e a great act of
injustice, and sent delegates home to remons-
trate with the Directors. Their remonstrances
were however unheeded, and the officers in
question felt that not only were tliey to be
excluded from participation in any portion of
their purchase money, but the sale itself, by
opening up the country for si'ttlenient, removing
its isolation, and leavinL"- it open for the free
exercise of Canadian energy and capital in the
fur trade, was certain to bring to an end the
practical monopoly they had so long enjoyed,
and to end entirely their hope of getting any
share of the profits which had hitherto served
them in lieir of .salary, — causes of this kind led
to the action which thev took in encouraiiino-
the party of resistance. It will thus be seen
that Mr. Macdougall had a very difiicult and
delicate task to perform in trying to unite these
confticting interests, aiul satisfy all parties, and
his task was n(jt rendered more easy by — to use
the mildest phrase — the injudicious coiubict of
some of his subordinates, and his own miscon-
ception of the depth and extent to which ilie ;
dissatisfaction hail spread.

11.— The Hon. Mr. Macdougall started for his
new post early in October, but did not reach
Pembina itntil the thirtieth of
that month. He was accom-
panied by his family and several
gentlemen who expected to become members of
the new Council, among whom were Messrs. A.
[JN. Richards (Attorney-General), J. A. \. Pro-
ij vencher, (Territorial Secretary) and Captain
j Cameron. Mr. Macdougall also took with him
three hundred rifies and plenty of ammunition,
the (rovernment being apparently impressed
with the idea that the sliuhtest show of force
would be sulHcient to check any discontent or
l)revent any trouble. In tliis. liowever. th(>y
showed the same want of wisdom displayed
throughout the whole netiotiations for the trans-
i fer, and instead of Mr. Macdougall's ilaee hun-
dred rifles frightening the French Half-breeds,
they only made them more determined not to

Visit iiI'IImii. .IcMOpIl
Mnwr I.I Ui-,1 llivcr
Scttli'iiii'ril.

!■

1 I
m

■ .!•

!;'l

■Ir-.l'i

TI'TTLR'.S inSTOHY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

pcrniil tho Caiindians tocntov Assiiiil)(>iii and set
up a new u(i\ oiiimcul luitil thoy (the llall-
bvt'oils) hail Ix'iMi coiiMiltcd in the matter and
■inarnnlt'i's <;i\cn thorn that Ihcir rights would
bo n's|)(M'lod. l'ivvi<ius to the arrival of Mr.
Maidouuall a visit had been i)aid to the newly ]
acquired Territory by the Hon. Joseph ITowe,
who lias then President ot the Council, and was
shortly alter to assume the portloliool' Secretary
of State lor the Provinces. Mr. Howe did not
anti<ipa1f any outbreak at the time of his visit,
and lu'ij-ed u])on the parties whom he saw. the
fact that the Territorial Crovernment was to be
only temporary, and that a government similar ;
to that ol the other Provinces would be esta-
blished as soon as possil)le. Mr. Howe has been
freely charged with encouraging resistance to
Dominion authority, durinu' his visit, which
lasted from Hth October to about ISth, but
this he most emphatieallv denitnl ; and there is
no evidenee to show that he said or did any-
thing which could be ronstrui>d into encourage-
mrnt of opposition to the ])eaceful transfer of
the Territory to the Dominion. Still, Mr. Howe's
I an. "ion was an unfortunate one, and may be
! considered as another blunder on the i)art of the
I AduiiMistration, for he had been himself so
I nearly on the verge of actual rebellion in Nova
j Scotia, and had succeeded so well in forcing
i "IJetler Terms" for tiiat Province from the Do-
minion (r.)venimenl, that any chance exj)res-
.sioiis of his with regard to the people of the
North-West obtaining "their riyhts,'" would l)e
construed as meaninu' more than was intended
to be conveyed.

12. — Jtumours of iiostile movement on the
part of the JMcnch Half-breeds reachi^l Mr.
n..n Ml. .Mii..iniitr„ii ^Iii>'*lougall at scveral points on
t^i'iul'r'tiir'''''"'''''' his way from St. Paul to Pem-
■'''■'■'"""• bina, but he paid little attention

to them until his arrival at the latter place,
where he was met by a Half-breed, who had been
waiting some days for his arrival, and served
with a formal notice not to enter the Territory.
Disregardinu' this warniim' Mr. Macdougall
pixshed on to the Hudson's Bay Company's post,
about two miles from Pembina and within the

Territory of the North West, from whence he sent
a despatch to the Secretary of State, enclosinu-
reports from Colonel J. S. Dennis and others on
the condition of the country. Those reports stati'd
that on the 11th October, a .surveying party,
under Mr. Webb, who were engaued in survey-
ing the ba.se line between Townships 6 and 7,
had been stopped in their work by about twenty
French Half-breeds, headed by a man named
Louis Kiel. No violence was used, Riel ar.el
.some of his followers simply stepping on the
ihain, and ordering Mr. Webb and his party to
desist, the leader claiming that the property
being surveyed belouiiod to French Half-breeds,
and that they would not allow it to be surveyed
by the Canadian Government: the surveyors
})eing also notiiied that they must leave the sout h
side of the Assiniboiiu^. No arms were seen
on any of the party and only threats were used,
but Mr. Webb thought it most prudent to retir(>
as he was ordered. Colonel Dennis applied to
the Hudson's l?ay authorities and G-overner
MacTavish, and Dr. Cowan had interviews with
Kiel and pointed out the impropriety of his con-
duct, but without avail, his only answer ]wm<j:
that the Canadian Government had no right tn
proceed with the surveys without the consent
of the Half-breeds. The inllueuce of the Churdi
was then invoked, and an appeal made to the
l"'ather Superior Lestanc who was in charge of
the Diocese dtxring the absence ot Bishop Taclic
then on his way to Rome to atteiul the (Ecumeni-
cal Council. The priest declined to interl'ere,
stating that he was afraid of lessening the inllu-
euce of the Church over the people.

1.3._The repcn-ts also stated that on the 20tli
a meeting of disalfected French Hall-breeds was

held at the house of one .John ,, , ,

Bruci". at which it was deter- 'i;^ton,.ino.i i.m,,,,..

Ml Ihi

AttiliM.'

mined to resist the entrance of |,',''nil'."K,Kiish ii.ii
Mr. :\Iacdougall into the Terri- ^""''^'- '
tory, by force if necessary; and on the •22nd an
allidavit was made before Dr. Cowan by Waltim
llyn:an, of St. Norbert, that an armed party el'
about forty French Half-breeds had assemlded
at the crossing of th(> River Sale, on the road
between Fort Garry and Pembina, with the

GOVKHNMKNT OF SIR JOHN YOUNG— THE NOHTH-WKST.

! avdwi'il iiittMitiini ol' turning' Mr. Mac(loui,nill
back il' lie attempted to proceed to Fort Garry,
iiiid that another party of twenty men, under
Ldiiiis liiel. \v:is nearer the border at Scratching
i River, lor the same pnrpo.se. The reports of
i Coloiifl iJi'iuiiswent on to show that while the
Eiitilish-speakiiig portion of the community was
not ()pj)osed to the entrance of the Governor, it
[ was not enthusiastic, and was not disposed to
' lake up arms against (he F-'Uch I lali-])reeds ;
as Colonel Dennis says : '• The attitude of the
EiiLilish-siiraking portion of the Colony may, I
think, be fairly stated as follows: They say : We
fri'l a disposition to extend a sincere welcome to
I he Hon. Mr. ^lacdougall, as a gentleman who
! has \tren selected for our future Governor. We
' reiii-el exceedinuly that the good name of the
' Colony should be prejudiced by any such action
I as that ^\^' an^ told is contemplated by the
j French Hall-breeds. We consider it a most
i outraLieous proceeding on their part aiul oiu'
I that we would be glad to see, if possible, put a
I slop to. .\t the same time, should an appeal to
I arms be necessary, we could hardly Justify our-
selves in engaging in a ccmllict, which W(mld be,
in our opinion, certain to revolve itself into one
ol' natioiuilities aiul reliaions. aiul of which we
could hardly, at present, see the termination.
We feel this way : We feel conlidence in the
lutiu'e administration of the Government of
this country under Caiuidian rule ; at the same
time we have not been consulted in any way
as a people, in entering into the Dominion. The
eharacler of the new tiovernment has been
settled in Canada, without our being consulted.
We are prepared to accei)t it respectfully, to obey
the laws, and to l)ecome good subjects ; but
when you present to us the issue of a eonllict
with the French party, with whom we have
hitherto lived in friendship, l>acked up, as they
would be, by the Roman Catholic Church,
whicli appears prol)able by the course at present
beiuii' taken by the priests, in which eonllict it
is almost certain the aid of I lie Indians would
lie invoked, and perhaps obtained by lliat party,
we leel disinclined to enter upon it, and think
that the Dominion should assume the responsi-

bility of establishing amongst us what it, and
it alone, has decided on. At the sime time, we
are ready — should the Council make an appeal
to the Settlement, to jirevent the gross outrage
contemplated — by a large mounted deitutation,
unarmed, to meet and escort the Honorable
William Macdougall to AVinnipeg, aiul thus
show to the French party, now in arms, that
the English-speaking portion of the colony is
entirely opposed to the present threatening
movement by a portion of the French Half-
breeds, — we will cheerfully and promptly res-
pond to the call.""

14. — This l)eingthe condition of allairs in the
Colony, Mr. Macdougall determined to remain

iit the Hudson's Hay post for a few m,-. .M,„.,i„„raii

'lri\»'ll .jMt of tliP
COminUni- T,.ml'iry..Mil nl.liffcl

days uniii he could
Gate with Governor Maclavish ; sutcs
and accordingly sent Mr. I'rovenclier forward
with a message to the Governor, and instruc-
tions to confer with liie leaders of the Half-
breeds, ascertain what they demanded, and
assure them of the intention of the Govern-
ment to deal fairly and justly by all parties.
On the lirst of November Cohmel Dennis and
Mr. W. Hallett reached the Hud.sons ISay post
from Fort Garry, having made a detour across
the prairie to avoid the French stationed at
Scratching River, and reported that the French
were still very much excited and opposed to
the entrance of Mr. Macdougall. and that the
Governor and Council of Assiniboia seemed
disinclined, or powerless to take any steps to
secure that gentleman's entrance into Fort
Garry. Mr. Froveiicher was .sent l)ack from
the barricade under an escort and warned
that none of his party would be allowi'd to
proceed to Red River. On the second, a party
of lourteen men api)roached the post and
ordered Mr. Macdougall to leave, and on the
ibl lowing mornine- they became .so threatening
in their demonstrations that he thought it most
prudent to retire, to United States territory.
We cannot do l)etter than give Mr. Macdougall's
own account of this proceeding, taken from his
report to the Secretary of State for the Fro-
vinees, dated .")th November : " Tiie m'xt day

ril

'■i 1 '

ijjhiil

i^il

il}

' ! -t

•I . a

100

TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

: (Tu<>sclay). abowt livf o'clock in the artemoon,
' fourU't'ii horsomon wori> seen appioachinjf as
from the direction of Fort Garry. It was soon
evident that they were armed, and moving
; rapidly forward. As they approached, they
' slackened their pace, and dismounted at the
' gate of the stockade which surrounds the post,
with their liuns cocktHl and in military order.
j In a few minutes two of their number de-
mandi'd an interview with me. Tlieyleft their
arms with their comrades at the gate and were
at one ' admitted. I invited them to a seat.
I and asked tliena what they wished to say to
me. They rei)lied that they had been sent to
, tell me that I must leave the North- West
I Territory — I must go back before nine o'clock
I to-morrow mornini;'. I asked them who had
j sent them with this message ! They said, 'The
Committee — the Government.' I asked, what
Government ? They said, ' The Government
we have made." I asked what they were in-
structed to do if I decliui'd to go back :" They
said ' they did not know, they had no order.'
I told them I was sent to assume the govern-
: ment of the country under the (Jueeu of Eng-
land, and by lier authority, and I could not
j obey the orders of their Committee. I, at the
same time, produced my Commission under
the Great Seal, and handed it to the Captain
j for his perusal. He evidently could not read it.
; but the parchment and the seal seemed to con-
vince him that it was what I described it to be.
He handed it hixvk, saying, that if his leaders
I had seen that, he thought they would not have
; opposed me — they did not wish to take up arms
I against the Queen. He added that I ought to
I have come on as far as the barricade, which I
migiit have done without molestation. I
told him. in reply, that I was going on as
fast as I could wht'ii I was sto])pcd by a
written order from his Committee, which
I handed him to read. He read it, and re-
marked that he was not present when it was
written, but admitted that it came from the
National Committee, whose orders he obeyed.
His Companion having left the room, he
seemed impatient to end the conver,«iation,

and rose to retire. I had asked their names,
which they gave withcat hesitation as Lepiiic
and Lavallee. They were very rt'speetful in
their bearing, and seemed ashamed of tln'
business they had in hand. I sent out to ask ]
them if they would eat, which they said tlicy
would be glad to do, and I accordingly ordered
some ]iork and bread and tea to be given to
them. Hearing of their remarks to one anothrr
that if they had known I was cominu' to rej)!!-
sent the Queen as well as the Government ol
Canada, and that I was not sent to inti'rfme
with their religious or private rights, they \
would not have joined the insurgent party,
and having observed the effect of the Grciit
Seal upon the Captain of the Band, I resolvt?d t(»
send for the whole party, and explain i.iy
position and authority to them in the same
manner as I had done to the two leaders.
They replied to my invitation, that they were
tired, and that some of their party had <>oiie
to the village and could not see me until the ;
morning. About six o'clock the same eveniiiu
Mr. Proveiicher and Captain Cameron miule
their appearance at the post, escorted by six
horsemen, who had conducted them all the
way from River Sale. These gentlemen had
not been allowed to go beyond the barricadiv
or to hold any communication with the
authorities at Fort Garry. Mr. Provencher's
report of his mis.sion and its result is enclosed
herewith. About eight o'clrck on th(> inorniiiu'
of "Wednesday, the third instant, loud talkinu'
was heard at the gateway, and on going out I
found the rebel party, with their arms in tli(Mr
hands, drawn up in a half-circle, gesticulatini;
fiercely, and threatening that, if we were not oil'
by nine o'clock, they would not answer lor our
lives. 1 found that they had made aprisoiuMol
Mr. Hallett, who went out to repeat my invitn-
tion f^*' the evening before, and that he was then ;
tied to a cart, and not allowed to speak to any of
my party. Seeing their temper, and thiiikin"-
it would not l)e prudent to give them an excuse
for any further outrage, I ordered the horst>s to
be harnessed, and we drove away from the
Hudson's Bay Company's post towards reml)in;i,

(lovr.i.'.x;

t'li' namos, i
as Lepino ,
ipectful in
ed ol' till'
ovit to ask i;
f said they
>'ly ordeivd
e giviMi to
)iie anolhi'v
is>' to n'i)iv-
eriimeut ol
to iiit(>ririi'
ights, they
gviit parly,
the (iiv:it
r(>solvt'd to
>xplaiu i.iy
I the saiii''
kvo loadev>
; they were
f had aoue
le until tlip
me t'veniii'j
roil madi'
I'tcd by six
I'm all thi'
lemon had
barri(adi\
with the
•ovencher's
is ent'losi'd
it> morninu'
lud talkiiiu'
iomg ont I
ms in thoir
>stioiilatiiii;
'cre not oil'
'OX I'or our
prisoner ol
my invita-
was thi'ii
V to any of
thinkiiiL''
an oxtusi'
e horses to
from thi'
s rembiiia,

rJOVERNMJ-'.NT OV SIR JOHN YOrNH— THE RED rMVEFx' TROI'nLES.

1(11

(>s(ortcd by a parly on foot. When I reached
I hi' post which had been set up to mark tl^^ 4!tth
parallel, the Captain of the Band stopped an<l
addressiiiy me in French, said, • Y<ni must not
return beyond this line,' pointing to the bound-
ary monument. He further remarked that he
did not know me as (iovernor, but only as
Mr. Macdougall. As thiet> or four persons had
joined us on the way, but had no other connee-
litin wiih us. I asked if they also were interdict-
ed IVom lioing on. He shruiiged his shoulders,
Mild said he did not know ; he would not prevent
tliciii, but perhaps thoy uould be stoi)i)ed at the
Iv'ivcr Sale. 1 then drove on, and my escort
ntiiriied to the Hudson's Bay Company's post."

CHAl'TER X.

(iOVKIt.N.MKNT OF SIK .loilX YOrXti— ■I'llE
i;i;i) IvIVEU TliOlIJLES.

1. \.i'K.\ii;s IN Till'; Settlicmext. First .micet-
i.\a OF THE MiOTis. — 2. Apathy of the ]1ui)-
.<(i.\'s Bay Company's Ofkk'eks. Curious

iONDrOT OF CirOVEItNOl! MacTaVISH. — 3. TllE

Maii,s stopped. Difficulties of Co.m-
muxication. — 4. The Capture of Fort

G.VIiRY HY THE InsUROENTS. — 5. FoRMIDARI-E

.\spK('T OF TllE Insurrection. Gover.voi;
MagLwish's lame Explanation. — G. Proc-
uvMAi'ioN Asking English Half-rreeds to
SEND Delegates to Convention. — 7. G-ov-

EKNOK MacTaVISH AT LAST ISSUES A I'ROC-
LAMATIOX, OliDEHING THE InsuROE.XTS TO

uispKRSE. — 8. Meeting of the Conven-
tion on llJTIlNoVEMHER. — 1>. RlEL DECLARES
Ills INTENTION OF FOKiMIN(i A TroVINCIAL

Government. — 10. Seizure of the Books,
Cash, &:c., of the Collector of Customs. —
11. Exclusion of Canadian Votes in

iiKDEH to pack the CONVENTION. — 12. 1)ILL

"K Rights passed.

!■ — ^^ hile these events wer(> occurring at the
boniulary line, Council meetings were being

-J

held daily near the barricade

I • u 1, 1 I- 1. 1 Airiiirs .it the

wliicn had been erected across sctHiin.iKr-. First

, -,, _ iiKM'liiii.' ill tlii' .Mi'li.s.

the t^ort G-arry ami reinbina
Road. This - Council"' was created by rt>.solii-
tions passed at a meeting of the French Half-
breeds held in the vicinity of the River Sale
Church shortly after Mr. Howe's departure,
and had for its first President a French Ifalf-
breed, of Scotch descent,* named John Bruce,
with Louis Riel as Sei retary. It is under the
direction of the Council that the barricade was
thrown across the Pembina K'oad and guarded,
at lirst, by a f(M'ce of about a dozen men, whii'h
was increased in the course of a fortnight to
about one hundred. Being only nine miles
from Fort (Jarry, the;;e proceedings were well
known, and gave niucji alarm li> the Canadian
residents there and in its vicinity, who were
amazed at the utter apathy shown by the
Hicdson's Bay authorities • and one Walton
Hyman. a tanner, who.se tannery was only a
short distance from this barricade, made
an atlidavit. on the 22nd October, 186!»,
l)efore Dr. Cowan, statiny- the facts that had
c(mie to his knowledge, in the hope that this
offieial inlbrmation would arouse Uovernor
MacTavish to the gravity of the situation, and
induce him to take some action to prevent
any opposition to the entrance of Governor
Macdougall.

2. — Although this information was positive
and circumstantial eiiouuh — even sui>posing,
which would be supposing a ..\|,Miii.v..r iiir
sj'i'eat deal, tliat the authorities cniii|.,iii,vv'(Mii.ois,

,- • 1 1 1 !■ •'iiriMii- .•.iii.liu'l ..r

had no previous Jvuowledii'e oi ii..MriMir.Miii'i'inisii.
what was going on so near the Fort — still
Governor ^laeTavish and his Council remained
inactive, and allowed tlie insurg(>nts to pevl'ect
their schemes without interruption. Nor can
the plea of want of power to put down the
rising at this time be urged, for Riel had less
than one hundred men, jioorly armed, while the
authorities had, in addition to the ordinary con-
stabulary of the ccmntry; numbering about forty

• It mii.-l 111' ii'iiii'inlii'rcil lliiii Ihi' Icnii" " Froiu'li" iiiid " Knili-li"
IJiill'-luTiMls lire ii^i'il not In ili'.^iirniili' llip iiiiliiniulity iilllic imrlio.' i.Hiir-
iiiiinyiiiK with till' Iniliiiiis, liul llii' liiiiKiiiii'c ■^iMikcii.

!';!

|«i 'l^fi i?Vi«

IfT

Iff t ' V, "-,-

M .!

' I

102

Tl'TTLKS JIISTOI{y OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

men, thirty or lorly pciisioiicrs of the Royal
Canadian Rillos, iiablo to do .s])L'cial serviie, and
a Ibrct' ol' ;)00 spcciiil constables sworn in a
short time Ix'lon'. The only things, apparently,
wantinii' to enable this incipient rcl)ollion to be
nippi'd in the bnd were, a display of superior
force, and the (/esirr. to do so, but these Governor
MacTavish and h's advisers never showed until
the rei>ellion had liaiiied such headway that it
was l)oyond his power to control it, without
appealing to arms, a course which would in all
prol)ability, have led to much bloodshed and
serious loss of Hie. This doubtful neutrality
has laid the resident ollicers of the Hudson's Bay
Company open to the very grave susinciou that
they secretly encouraged the insurgents in their
unlawful acts, in the hope that an armed oppo-
sition to the ac(|uirerr.ents of the territory by
Canada would lead either to an abandonment of
the scheme, or to an oiler of " Better terms '' in
which some provision would be made for them
for what they would lose ))y the transfer of the
country. To say that Grovernor MacTavish and
his advisers openly encouraged the insurgents
is perhaps going a little too far, but that they
did receive ti'reat encouragement from their
iimctivity is simply stating a fact. This in-
activity seems all the more inexcusable and
inexplicable when it is remembered that when
the Governor returned from England in the
summer, after an unsuccessful attempt to induce
the Directors in Loiulon to allow the resident
ollicers a share in the .£800,000 paid by the
Canadian Government, he passed through
Ottawa, and liad several interviews with Min-
isters, who asked him if he was in a position to
transfer the Territory jiearefu/li/,a.s stipulated in
the contract, olfering to send up three hundred
of the Canadian liilles, then available, if he
anticipatt'd any trouble. To this the Governor
replied m(.st positively that he was quite able
to carry out tlie terms of the contract without
assistance, and yet when lifty determined men
could have prevented any tnmble, and he had
ab(mt live hundred at his command, we find
him unalde to do anything but advise (tovernor
Macdougall to reuuiin at I'embina, and make

himself and the Goverment he represt>nted, lock
ridiculous.

8. — About this time the mails w hich had id
jiass over the I'erabina Road wen- stopped and
examined, and all letters giving
any true account of the condi- iii'i'ii,'lliVu"s''".t''"'

, . J , , . <-<imillllllii-:llii)it.

tion tiie country was in were
suppressed, while all letters intended lor par-
ties in the Settlement suspected of being favor
able to Canada were also stopped. This was
mostly done at Riviere Sale by thi' insurgi'uts,
but it was also siisjiected that letters were
opened and examined in the PostOlIice at Pem-
bina, of which a strong annexionist and great
friend of the insurgents was Postmaster. Gii
account of this tampering with the mails ureat
inconvenience was experienced in obtaining
anything like correct information as to what
was occurring in the Settlement, and Governor
Macdougall was forced to resort to all sorts of
expedients, and employ only the most trust-
worthy persons he could lind, to get any letters
from himself to Governor MacTavish, or any
other person, taken into Forttrarry, while even
greater difhculty was experieiued in getting
any information conveyed to Governor Mac-
dougall.

4. — About the same time that Governor Mac-
dougall wr,s driven back to Pembiiui by Riel
and his followers, it began to be

that the insurgents m- (i.-iny iiy ii.c in-ur
tended to take possession of the
Fort, and the authorities were duly informed of
the fact in ample time to have made prepara-
tions for its defence, had they felt so disposed,
but they paid no attention to the wavninu'.
Sergeant James Mulligan, at that time Chief of
Police at Fort Garry, states in an allidavit taken
subsequently, that " he urged upon Dr. Cowan,
the ('hief Factor in charge of Fort CJarry, the
dany-er in which the Fort stood, from the inten-
tion of the insurgents to seize it ; and leipu'sted
him to call upon a portion of the •'iOO special
constables and the pensioners to defend it."
I'ort Garry was a strong stone fort,* bastioned

* " 'I'ho I'lUMir I'lirt, c)i' ' I'lirt Oarry' iirniior, W a rcctanitiilar ImitiliiiL'.
nijiiul 2IKI .varil.» l)y H."; yaril.i. Tlie oriKliuil Fdrl was built alimil tlio ycMi

(iOVKRNMri;NT OF SIR JOHN YOUNd— THK RVJ) 1{|VKR TROIBLES.

ins

Mited, lock

ich had to
oppod and

mails .-t"i>l"''l- 1

'Ullil'S n|
iuiliii-:iti<in. ^

sd for par-
I'ing I'avor

This was
iusurgi'iits,
tters wt'iT
ice at Pfin-

aud great
laster. On
mails uveat

obtaining
IS to what
d Governor
all sorts ol'
most trust-
any letters
sh, or any
while I'Vi'ii
in iiettiai!'

rnor Mac-

M'uor Mac-
la by Kiel

■;i|.tiirc 111' l-'"ri
liy Ihi' ili>Mr

II formed ol'

e prepara-

disposod,

warning.

• ("hiel' or

lavit taken

)v. ("owan,

CJarry, th.'

the inten-

requested

00 speeial

niol'end it."

bastioned

ln.'iihir Imil'liii'-'
iili.iiil (In: yiM

and delended by thirtec six-pounder guns,
was amply supplied with ainmuiiition and pro-
visions, and had in it also 8!t0 Eniield rilies, so
ihal irUovern(n- MacTavish had only (dosed the
oalcs, he eould, at least, have held the place
against any lince that the insurgents eould pos-
sibly hav»' liroughl against him, il' he was ai'raid
to do more ; but even this he tailed to do, al-
though he and Itr. Cowan were warned by
otlier j)arlies than Mulligan that the place would
be taken possession id'. Not the slightest pre-
caution was taken, the gates were not closed,
cannon not in position, and yet the (rovernor
and Chief Factor knew that a body of armed
men had been in [wssession of the Pembina
Koad for ten days, and had threatened tooccui>y
tlic Fort ! On the afternoon of the second ol'
Noveml)er, Kiel, with about 100 men, came
down the road from Riviere Sale, entered the
open uates. and immediately proc(>eded to billet
themselves in tiie various houses within. Dr.
Cowan, tlie ollicer in charge of the fort, saying,
• What do you want here with all these armed
men V " Riel replied, " We have come to guard
the Fort.'' " Against whom V " asked Dr. Cowan.
•' Aiiainst a danger," Riel answered. This was
all the explanation given and seemed to satisfy
the Chief FactcH', and Ri(d and his followers
were left in undisturbed possession.

"). — The force beinu' hou.sed, next fed, and
proceeded to arm themselves with Enfield rilies
i;,„.i,|.,i,i I,, ,,^|,,,.| in place of their own shot guns,
l?..,'''''ji'^T!u"isi;'s'' closed the gates, set a guard,

"'^i'"'""'"'- phved the cannon in po.sition,

and for the lirst time since its inception the re-
bi'llidii became formidable. The insurgents had
now iHwsession of nearly all the cannon in the
setthnnent : were a))undantly supplied with
.small arms and ammunition ; had all the pro-
visions and other stores of tht' Hudson's Eay
Coni|)any, more than enouu'h to last them all
tlie winter, and it became evident that if thev

M". :mil Hiis then lim yiinl? by s.'. yunls ; it liii..- ii sloiic wall iilioiit 111 IVi't
liii-'li mII vmiiiil, with ciriMilnr liii,<Iiciiis iiiorccil I'ur unn.". Abtiut llie yeiir
b.'i";i M.,.,iriil portiim Hiit^ inMi-il tn it— UK) yunls liy H.') yiirils— liut ••'ui'-
iiiliiuIimI Miily by » woodi'ii iHilisiiiliiiiJ on ii stoiio fimiuliilioii."— Cdbiiiel
Wiiln'li'y's Uffifial .Joiinml of Iho Kcd Kiver E.xpedition, i'ltli Auuust,
IsVli.

pleased to hold posses.sion of the Fort until
sjiving they could do so, for there was no
force in the settlement able to dislodge them,
and it would be summer, or perhaps later,
before any force could arrive from Canada. In
short, the insurgents were now " masters of the
situation,"' and hehl the position which ouahlto
have been occupied by the loyal party, and
which they would have occupied but for the
supineness — to use no harsher term — of the
ofFicersof the Hudson's Hay Company. Grovernor
MacTavish's explanation of the capture of Fort
(iarry, as conveyed to the Hon. Mr. Macdougall
in a letter dated Hth >iovember, is certainly a
remarkable production w'hen we consider that
the Hudson's Bay Company was still the i/e
facto government, and that he, as the Chief
oflicer, was suppo.sed to protect the property of
the Company, if nothing more. He says : ■' Ex-
cepting in one respect — but that, I am sorry to
say, a serious if not in a formidable sen.se — little
change, as far as we can learn, has, sinct> my
last, come over the arrangements or the spirit
of these jieople ^ * *. The occurrence to which
I have alluded in the prcc "ding paragraph as
being serious, is this, that t»n thi' afternoon of
Tui'sday, the 2nd inst., a number of these daring
people, suddenly, and without the least intima-
tion of their intention to make su<h a move,
took possession of the gates of Fort Garry,
where they placed themselves inside ai I out-
side the gates, to the number in all of about (me
hundred and twenty, and where, night and day,
they have con;dantly kept a pretty strong armed
guard. On being asked what they meant by
such a movement upon the Fort, they said their
object was to protect it. Protect it from what ^
they were asked. Their answer was — from
danger. Against what danger i they were asked.
To this question, they replied that they could
not now specify the danger, but that they would
do so hereafter, and obstinately to(di up the
positions they have since kept in spite of all
our protests and remonstrances at such a bold
and high-handed proceediuii-. On coming into
the fort, they earnestly disclaiminl all intention
of injuring either jierson or property within it,

1 I

i ■ i

'Hi

'i ii .

104

TCTTI-HS HISTORY ol- THK I»0.\fI\I()\ OK CAXADA.

I'moLiinMiiiiii ii-kiii
Knuli-li H:ilt' liri'iMl:
tiiM-rul (Irli'u'iitu.- ii
C'OiiM'titiiin.

and it iiiiist be allowed that in that rospcit thoy
have kt'pt their word : bnt it is an imonve-
nitMue and a danger next to intolerable, to have
a body oi' arnu'd men, even with prolcsfsions ol'
peace towards oiirsclves, forcibly billeted upon
an establishment such as this. Their intentions
in coniini;' to the I'ort they have ne\ cr deiinitely
expressed, nor haxcthey yetspeiilied the danger
from which their presence was meant to ])rotect
the place. We are, therefore, left in some mea-
sure to conjectures, and bv those we are strongly
led to believe that you were expected to come to
the Fort, and that by thus having i)revious pos-
session of the gates, they felt that they would
1)0 sure ot keeping you out."

0. — Headquarters being thus removed from
Riviere Sale to more comfortal)le (juarters, the
Councils were resumed, and on
the sixth ot November Kiel pro-
ceeded to the villaii'e and directed
Walter Robert IJown, proprietor of th»> Nor'-
Wt'ster. lo print him a proclamation, and, on his
refusing to do so. immediately made him a
prisoner, i)laced a gi;ard over the olHce, and
caused the proclamation toljc jjHnted under the
super\ ision o[ Mr. James Ross,* The posses-
sion of I'ort Garry uave such confidence to the
insurgents that they assumed the inspection of
goods coming from the United States, and
.seized all grtus and ammunition, thus obtaining
a number of double and single Imllalo huntinn'

• IMI'.l.ir NIITIIK Til TIIK IMIVlimNTS Or Hri'KHl's T.ANIl.

'Ill' Pri'siili-iit anil l!i'|ire.-^('iitiiti\ es nf tlie Ki-fiich s|ii';ikiiii; iin|)iiliiti(in

.{iilit'i"''- l"ii"l in Ciiiincil (lliu invitJiM> nl' iinr liKhts liciiid now ex-

lu'lleiD.Mlri'Mily .'nviiiT iif yniir ."> inpatliy, ilo c.xU'inl lliu Iniml nl rricml-

.«liili rn yiiu, imr liuMnily lellmv inli.'iliilnnts : iinil in .•^n iluinu. ilu liercliy

liiviluynu til .-unit IhcIm' rc|iii'.>;i.Mitiilivfs IViini tlio r.illnKins.' pliiri's viz:—

St.,liilin's 1 Si. .Miirt'arel 1

ili'iiilini-'iy 1 St. .laniu.-' 1

Si. .Mary's 1 Kil.lnnan 1

St. Clenienr.i 1 St. .Anilrew's 1

Si. I'aul's 1 St. lVtcr'.< 1

Tiiwn 111' V'imiiiifK li

in order til form nni' biiily with tin- altnvt' Cminoil, ciinfiistinK oi' twt-lvt'
ineinliur.^, lo cunniilcr tliu iiru-Nunt [uililii-al .•^liite nC tlii.-* eiininr>' anil to
iii|ii|it .'<ii(.'h measures Its may bu best fitti'il lor tliu luliiie will'ari' of the
saiiiii.

A ineclinK of the almvi.' Couni'il will be lielil in the Courl llmise at Kurt
(furry, on Tue.«ilav. llic lHUi ilay nl' Nuveinlier, at wliieb the iiivileil
reiirt'i^ei. iili\i'.i will .ittiMid,

l!y lUilor of the I're.iidenl.

I/iriS lilKli,

.SuiTL'tary,
Fort (furry, lith Novoiuber, ISti'.i.

guns, the loss of which was severely felt when
the .settlers attempted resistance. At this time
W, B, 0"J)onohue joined the movement and
assumed the duties of Treasurer, collecting the
four per cent, imposed on all merchandise whirji
had been alwfiys levied by the Hudson's Bay
Company. O'Donohue was ii very valuable
accession to the insurgent ranks, as he had been
educated for the priesthood, possessed consid-
erabh^ intelligence, and at that time oocapieil
the responsible positions of teacher iii tlie
Roman Catholic School at St, Boniface, and
private tutor to the children of UoveriKir
MacTavish. whom O'Donohue did not he.vitnte
to chiirgewith being the instigator of the rebel-
lion. *

* Whi'ii till' sri'neral Amnesty Art was inissed diirinir the ses.sionorisTI,
fiiinliiiK iiMinesl.r to all iiarlies emicerned in the Ked Kiver Iroulil.-.
exeept O'Donnliuu. llie latter addre.ssed ii letter to the Speaker of il.r
House of (''iiniiiiiini-, whii'li we re|iroi|uee lielun a: .tiviiiL' his ver-imi m1
thi' insnrrcetinn. (J'lJoiiohue was suhseiinently pardimed in W',, Iml

I died at St. Paul, .Minnesota, nluijsl immediately niter-

, T.lh, ll.„„„,il,t, I

! "J/,. Slii'hf.l III,' ll.niK, „/ i;,i„iilniil,

Oil. I mi Villi. I

Sill,— I liej! to state to you and the honuralile body over wliieli yon pre-
side- that a v'reat injustiee lias been done me by the late aeiiun ol' i'arliii-
nieiil in exi'ludiiit' me lioni the amnesty crunled to all others wliu

; parlieiiiated in the insurreetiou of li<i;:i and IhTI) in Manitoba. As thi' I

I aelioii 111 Parliament would seem to llimw the whole responsibiliiy ol
the " Insurreelion," the '* l-jXeiMition of Seott " and so-ealled " l-'eniaii
raid " mi me. 1 do not iiro|iiiso shoiilderiiiK all of them, that those nil"

were ri''| 'ilile liny jro I'orili s|iotless at .iiy exiiense, puritied by a ri'so- ;

lution of Parlianieiit,

1 aeeoidiiiLdy make the fullnwintr statement of fiets, which I eaii iumm'
nio-t eiinelnsi\ely :

1st, 'file iiisurreetiiin was advised by (iovernnr William MaeTavish wli.i,
with other ollieers of the lliiilMin's Ilay Conijiany, also aided and 'abelliil

I it from its ineeption. up to the very hour it i-eased to exist. Thai Kiel wa-

j in eonstant eonininnieation with Oovernor Mae'l'axish, and on many
oeeasioiis niider his instruetioits. That he, (iovernnr .MaeTavish. I'liily
recosrnised the I*ro,isional (iuverninent. T'hat Donald A, .Smith, nii
arriviinr at fort (i,irr.\', reeoirnised the (io\erniiieiit also in my own
hearing', iiiid with (i.ivenior .Mae'l'avish, was Kiel's aihiser duriin; lii-
sta.\ in the l''ort, and after the ile|iarture of both of these fnun ilii' i
eouiilry, Kiel eonliniied to hold eminsel with ,Iiihn .Mae'l'avish, who llieii
rt'iiresented the Hudson's IJay Company.

j 2iid. 'rimt others, whose names 1 now forbear mentionin^r, and who an' ;

I very " loyal " sub.ieets, advised reeoiirse to arms,

i .'ird. That I was not a lairty to the insurreelion till the I5th .N'oveiiibiT.
lS(i'.i,abiinl four weeks afterits inaiuziiralion, and two weeks afler pusM';- ;
sion was taken of l-'ort (farry.

j Ith. That the case of Thiimtts .Scolt was never briiujrht before iln'
Pro\ isiiinal (iii\ernineiil .either before or after the execution or "niurilcr."

' as it is properly teriueii, III Thiiiua- ,Sci,it: that I am entirely clear of lliis
elianic. and should no otlier altcriiati\e be left nic lo reinuvc the slii-'iiia
of murder from myeharaeler, 1 am determined to do so at some future
day at any hazard, Krom this I state without fear of coiitradielion. thai '
the Provisional (lovcrnment did not order the trial or exeenlion of Scull-
and that neither as a inemlier of thai (lovernmcnt, nor as u private
individual, had 1 any |iart, directly or indirectly, in the execution "f
Thomas Scott. Neitlu'i' was 1 brouKhl, at any lime, before the Privy
Council composed of the Preneh members of the Letfisluture. I'urthc

-Ji

•"^1. Paul.. Minn,

11 .

lolt whi'll
t this tiiiii'
'rnent luul
cctinii- ihr
ilisc which
dsou's Buy
,' vahi.ihli'
e had l)t'i'ii
ed fonsiil-
(' occapii'i'i
LIT in tlic
lilace, tiiiil

(rOVt'l'lKir

lot ho^itatc
li' the vebi'l-

il Un'i'i' trimblfs,
e Sp'Niker ul' i!k'
ML' hi.'^ nT^^iiin 111
i>m.Ml ill I"-", Ijiil

■r wliicli yiMi 1>1T-
lu-rinii of i'iirliii- j
Mil iitlicrs who I
iluilnllH. As lhi» j

4..iiisiliilily "I
ii-cmIUmI " 1-Vni;ni
II. thill III. ISC wli"
.iirilicl li.v M riM-

»liieh 1 can pi"M'

I MiicTiivish »li.i.

h;i Mlicl alji-ll.'.l
t. Thai Kiel »;!•
I, ami III! lll:ii>y
.Ma/l'avish, iiiHy
(1 A. Siiiilli. ""

alsii in my n""
IviMM- (Uiriii« lii-
[' thi'.-i' I'pMii iln'
Tavisli, whd ihcii

liii?, anil wliii all'

15th N'iivuiiil'i-r.

L'ks llltlT 1111--1'--

lu!-'lit liulori' ilii'
lioiiiir "iiiiii'il'i'.
liivlyi-li-ariilllii.' 1
iiive the slii-'laa
at siiiiK' Uiliiri'
lutrailii-fiiiii. lliat ':
ciitloii 111' f^i-"ii'
111- lis II iirivato
Ihi' cxi'i'iitiiin I'l '
li'luri' tlu' I'rivy \
latiire. I'urtho

(JOVKIJXMKNT OK SIR JOIIX YOUXri— TIIK UKD TiWVM TROTMiLKS.

inr.

'■' i;..v. Mai'Tavi-1
I ,<i i«.iM- a

, I'ln.-laiaaM

I ..i-,!iTiliL' thf
i iii-iirifi'iil' til
^ ,|,-l„i-...

7._0u n'lt'ipt ol Crovonior MiicTavish's h'ttor |
iiitoviuiug him ofthi* capture oi' Fort Clarry, the I
lloii. Mr. Maidiim-iU wrote to
that gt'utkMuaii, ii'giuii' on liim
thill iintil the actual transTcr of '
the territory took place the Hud-
son's I'liiy ('nin]>any wa.s the only <>-ovornmeiit.
1111(1 thiit it was his duty, as Governor ol that
('imipauv. to issue a Proelamatiou calling' on the
iii-i'.nii'iits to disperse, and to take such other
steps as may be necessary to insure the peace-
: liil traiislev of the territory, as agreed on in the j
eoutraet, when the time I'or that transfer came.
To this remonstrance from Mr. Macdouuall
(Jovernor MacTavish paid no attention, and
' inaiii'is were allowed to remain in statu (/uo, as
fur as any attempt to put down the insuriients
was coneeriied. The eai)ture of Fort (Jarry and
i; thf seizure of all arms showed phlinly to the

|l that a-a iiii'inlior 111' t)u' linvcniiiuMit. anil liaviii!? my rcsiili'Mi'i' in I'^irl
! ' li irry, I was laifiroly iiriiiirant nf the tiii't tliat a -Military ('iiiiiH'il was tu
'' 111' lii'M. iir lu-iiiiT lu'lil, til try any 111' the ^irisiiners there eniitiiieil until 1
j «a- -iniiiniiiieil tu irive testiniiiii.y, liy Kiel anil the Cuniu'il then sittiie.' mi
!i Si*iitt'> i-a.-e. wliieli siiiniiiiiiis I treatcii with eiinteiniit liy intiiriiiiii;; the
I'liiiiieil that it was aetiiiu' witlinitt autlmrity, iiinl as siieli I I'aileil tu
\' ri'i'iiJ-'lli/e i'.allil that I l-el'll-'eil In teitify in the ease. Tll.lt neither Kiel
'j ii.ii'aiiy iilheriillieer 111 the (liiyei'iiinent ennsnlteil with iiie. imr I with

'' eiiiieriit tlieiii I lie iri.il nr e\ei-iitiiiii 1 th.it I am entirely iiinneent

/, III llielil 1 111' Siiitt. '.vhiell, were I ijiven an ii|i|iiirtnnity. I enillil lU'iiye

.'iiaehisively. .\miI furl her, that Inn lur my pari in thesn-ealleil " Keniaii
L raiil"— III' wiiieli I will -peak hei'eat'ler— I wniM haye (.'uiio In .Maniluli.i
1 1 liiiiL' .-iiiee amlileiiiaiiileil a trial mi eyiileiiee m my piissi'ssimi.
'i 'i.— Thai the sii-ealk'il " I'Viiian raiil" i: ., niiiii'iiiirr, as I'Viiianisiii hail

. U'liliiiii.' whatever til ilii with it. That it was simply a euntinnatinn ul' the

. iiiMirreeiimi iniiiitiirateil ii. Isi'i^i. ami with the same avnweil inteiitiun.

i, ami hy Ihe -anie iiarlies. a I'aet wliieh the then e.vi.-tini.' liuveriiment ul'

Maiiilnlia way i-wnizaiit 111' I'lir miiiiths prcvimis'Iii the sn-e.illeil " raiil."

Tliai Illy p.irt in il was simply that ul' an iiitcnt nl' the peii|ile, ImliliiiK a

I C'alllll;^;^lal aiitliurizeil liy a resnluiimi of llic Ciniiieil lielil at l^a Itivii'Te
' j Sale ill .Si'pteiiiher, iHTn, over whieli Umiiieil L. Kiel nresiileil. This emn-
M laissiun r Imlil- .-iiiiieil hy the ullii-ers, Imtli eivil anil military, nf the late

I I'mvisiiiiial I'-vernmenl uf the Kreneh party, iimlalsu a eiiiiy uf the resn-
ij hiliuii aiilliiiri/.ini,' the c immis.siun, as a proof of whieh I haye in my

I liiis-essiiiii Ihe llliliule Imiik of the Cillineil.

I Tii.it I am aware iiersistenl ell'iii'ts have lieeii mailo liy eerlain parties
i, siiiee I leltlhe eiimitry tn throw the ros|ionsii)ility of all the niil.iwfiil
;! .i'-:-. '111111111110.1 ilaiim; the" Irmililes " upon me. A eerlain iiamphlet w.is

I j imlilislieil lasi winter " to show why an amiieMy shouhl lie i.ssiieil hy ihe

I I eaiia.liaii (iiivernmenl," in whieh tliis ellurt was repcaleil. ami the

j "lil.iiiifesln leller"of Kiel ailileil also at this piiiiit. Ilail the ea uses of
tl,c"li'iiiibles"anil the act's eoiiimitleil by them lieen lliiiroiii:aly iiivesti-
irate.l. these immaenlale Konllemen wjiihl iloiilitless stand in a ililVerent
liiisiiiiai in the eyes of the piililie fruin what they ilo at present— piirilie.l
hv a i'is..|iili.iii of Parliament ami amnesty. Thai 1 a.sk no favors now of
llii'Caiia.liaa liiivernmenl , or Parliament, they have ineteil out to me the
full iii.'iisiire of their injiistiee, hut Ihe w.irM shall know in my own Koml
tiiae Ihe whole iinvariiishuil Iriiih,

W. 1!. O'DONOUUK,
Sei'ietary ami Treasurer, iiv., Ae.,iif Ihe late I'rovisional
lioveriimeiit of Kupert's l,auil, N, W.
.si. Paul. .Minn.. Fehriiary 'Jitli, ISTj.

Canadians that the insurgents meant to estal)-
lish a li'overniiieiit hy foiee. and they, tiienijore,
drew up an iiddre«s to (rovevimr MacTavish.
wliich was hiryely signed. oaliiiiL;' upon liini to
issixe a proclamation ealliim' upon the insurgents
to liiy down their arms. This address was pre-
sented on the 12th November, but it was not
until lour days alter — the very day of the meet-
ing of the Convention called by h'iel — that the
Governor at last issued his tardy rroclaniiition.
reciting the unlawful a.ts which hiul l)een
committed, and cliaruiiui' all those enijaavd
'• immediately to disperse themselves iind peaC(>-
ably to depart to their habitations or their
liiwful business, under the pains and p'lialties
of the law." The proclamation was a verv weak
production, not worth insertion here, and seems
to have been purposely held back by (Jovernor
MacTavish until the day of the meetiiiu' of Ihe
Convention, in order that the lilnulish portion of
the peoi)le miii'ht i)artly commit tlieniseives
to the movement by electing deleii-aics to attend.
The Engligh were unwilling to appear in anv
way to sanction the ;icts of Kiel iind his asso-
ciates ; and were only induced tosimd members
to the Convention, by the circulation of a rum.;r
that the result of the meetini;' would in- an
abandonment of this position by the insurti'ciits,
and the extension of an invitation to (Jovernor
Macdougall to enter the settlement in peace.

8. — The luiiilish speaking portion of the com-
munity was extremely loth to pay any iittention
to the proclamation of " The I're-

.Meetim-Mif the . , , ,, .

Cmiyeiitionon Ihe sideut auu Keiireseiitalives ol t lie

Mill .Niivemher. .

i^rench-speakmu' poi)uliition of
Kupert's Land " issued by Kiel, on lith No-
vember, inviting them to send delegates to the
Convention to be held at Fort Garry, on Itith ;
Imt partly induced by the hope that they might
be able to inlluence the convention to .some
good puriiose, they linally agriM-d to send dele-
gates, and representatives were chosen. The
Convention met in tiie Court House, whiidi was
guarded by I-'jO armed men, and all the mem-
bers were present except one English delegate
who became so much alarmed at the display oi'
force around the building that he returned

: '^i

:':'!! I

'■■i,

■-< ;?

£r'i

f V, \

li .:,

"^'li'i

H t

■1 '■ '-Ai

u I

10(1

Tl'TTTiKS HISTOI.'Y Ol' TIIM DOMINION OF TANADA.

homt'.* To this !is.st'ral)ly th.' inoflaiiiiilion ol
Govciiior MiicTavish was ivad, the iiisuiiiciit
portion s('t'ii;iim' to regard it us a wi-ak show of
\ attt'inpti'd authority, and tho Ennlish mt'iiil)i'rs
I rt'iiardinu' it as a larco. Tlu' roadiiiii' ol'tht' pro-
I chuuatioii,aud the protests of the English inem-
Itcrs auainst the show of force comluded the
lirst day's business, and uotliing beyond talk
was aceomplished on the following day. The
eighteenth and nineteenth being the days ap-
j)ointed for holding the Hudson's Hay's Com-
pany's Quarterly Court, the Convention ad-
journed until the tweuty-secoiul. in order that
the room miuht l)e used for its legitimate pur-
pose. The Court met, disposed of some crimiiuil
cases, but, singular to say, no reference was
made to the acts of lawlesness committed by the
insurii'ents.

It. — On the 22nd Noveml)er, the Convention
again assembled, aud after debating all day ou
Ki.i,ieci.r,.-hu ^he advautaiivs, or otherwise, of
"Ivmisi',;,'!,! ''''■''"'''■' "11 union with Canada, nothing
"'"^•■"""^"'- was arrived at. One English

member linally proposed that the French should
lay down their arms, and then both sides of the
population would be ou equal footing to discuss
matters; ixud suggested that Mr. Macdougall
should be allowed to enter the Territory, so

Ttiwn <ii Wiriniiit'jr

• Tlif fniluwihi: is !i list (if iIh' incinbtjrs clct'ted :

j KVdI.lSH MKMKKIM.

S llpniy .VtKcniitv,

Ol. !•■. e'l.„ne.

KililciliMli Jaliii'S lius.s.

St. .Iiihn's Maurice Lowinaii.

St.l'iiiil'- Ur.Hird.

.St. .-Villi rew's I'linalil <iiiiin.

St. Cli'lni'nt'.s TIhiiii.is liijiiri.

St. IV'ti'i's ITlmhv Piinci.,

iM.llniil l.l.l ..1 ih.SaiilieilX.

St. .liiim-s' Uobert Tiiit.

lICiiiliiiKly Williiiin Tiiit.

St. Anti'.s (iLMi. (Junn.

I'ortiipi'-la-I'niirii' Jnliii liurrii!'.'li.

KRF..S(il SIKMllKIIS.

i l''nm(,.()is Dinitiltitiin.",
Jl'iiTrc Piiiliiis.

' I'ierio l.iivic'llii'r.
W. 11. irDniM.liuc.

) .\iiilri'' lii'iiiii'liuiiiin.

' eit'iTO I'araiiteMU, Sr.

i Uaidistc Towrnii.
( liduis la Sc'i'li',

S Cliaiies Xoliii,

' .Jean liaptiste IVncault.
.lohii iiriu'c, President.
Louis Kiel, Secretary.

St. Kranriiis \aviev .

St. IJoniliu'o ■
St. Vital

St. Nurljeii
St. Anne's..

that all could place their grievances before him
and seek redress. On this Iviel ro.st> excitedly
and said that Mr. Miicdougallshould never enter
the Territory, either as a private individual or
as a tJovernor. That broke up the met^tiiiii' for
that day. On the 23rd. Kiel and party sei/cd
tlie books and records of the Council of As.sini-
boia. iiiid, on the meeting of the delegates, th;it
day, threw oil' the mask and declared the inten-
tion of the Ereiirh members to form a Provi- ,
sioiuil Government. The l']nuli.sh delegates
declaring that that was a (pu-stiou tliey could
not discuss without <-onsulting their consti-
tuents, it was agreed to adjourn the Convenlinii
until 1st December.

10. — Up to this period Kiel and his followers I
had made a pretence of respectinu' the authority
of the Hudson's Bay Company

, .1 ' Seizure 111' till' I k-, .

as a li'ovi'ining power, and the >asii,.vc.,iiiiiie

■ , , C.illeetiiriilCnrlMiiiv

Hud.son s Bay t ompany took
the equally stranue cour,se of assuming thiit
they were overcome by force, without ever
having made the sli_;'htest attempt to put down
that forct ; but on the 24th, Kiel no longer kept ;
up the faret^ of prelendinii' to respect the author-
ity of the Hud.^^on's Bay Com^iany, but going to
tlie olhce of Mr. Koger Goulet, Collector of
Customs under the Hudson's Bay Company,
took jiosession of all books, papers, cash and
due bills. On the same day he attemi)ted to
take posession of a quantity of goods belongin^'
to the Canadian Government, which were stored
in the premises of iJr. John Schultz, and
placed a guard over the store ; but the guard
was enticed away while Kiel was at lunch and
the store locked, and although Kiel brought out
two held i)ieces and pointed them at Dr. Schultz's
house, threatening to knock it down if tlic ,
stores were not given up, the Docter remainded
lirm, and Iviid, anxious to avoid liring the lii'st
shot, was content to let th*' goods remain where
they were for the present.

11. — Shortly after this an ell'ort was made to
induce the French to agree to a middle course,
that of allowing the Hudson's j,;^^.|,„|„„ „;■
Bay Company to rule until mat- ;^^'ji';,^;'h,e'
ters -were arranged; and to ap- Conventii«i.

IlilliiCllidil.spa.-

(;0VKF?NMKNT OK SIR JOHN YorN(i— THK NOnTII WKST.

107

point II Coiumittco which should represent
nil shndi's of opinion, to tonrcr with Mr. Mac-
(loiin'all ill Pemhina. As iJii'l was anxious to
induiM" the liMLilisli doloi-'atcs to attend the ad-
journed Convention on 1st Do(t'Ui))er, so as to
u'iv.' a color ol' unanimity to his couteniplaied
assuiiiption oi supreme power, he protended to
agree to this proposal, althoui^h, at the same
time lie was industriously circulatinu' reports
aiiioni,' his own i>arty. calculat(>d to still more
incense them at>ainsi Mr. Macdouii'all and the
Canadian parly. In order to be sure of a major-
ity in the (."onventiou it was attempted to pack
a meeting' in the Engine House, but a numlier
oI' Canadians haA'ing not in, and Kiel, fiiuling
that the peace party was likely to obtain a
iiiajorily, had the lig'hts put out, and the next
day, a special moetinu' was called by Mr. A. G.
B. Iiannatyue, to consider first who were to be
entitled to vote, and then di.scuss other matters.
This special meeting decided to exclude most
ol' the Canadian votes, and th(^ iiisuriivnt ele-
ment of the town, composed of the majority of
the Americans and those in the Hudson's Iky
Comiiauy's interest, had things thcMr own way.
12. — On the first of December the adjourned
meeting oldeleaates took place, and the English
delegat(>s soon found that their
l)acilic proposals of the interval
Wb.'e to be disregarded, and that the French
had icepared a list of matters tliey wished the
Engli.sh to agree to, and on their dissenting to
the principal points in it, the French, who, with
the two English delegates from the town of
Winnipeg who were in their interest, were in a
majority, passed what they called the " Bill of
Rights." * This Uill being passed, the English,

• lUI.L (IF itKiinx

1. Tlio riKlit to pIcc! nur mvii Ii(.'Bi.<lKture.

^'. Till' l.l■l.'i^llltllr(■ III liiivo iiower tii im."," nil Inw.--. local tn the Tcrritiir.v,
iivortlii' \otiMir ihc Ivxcciitivo. by a two-tliiril? viili-.

•'•. N'li .\et 111' Ihi' Doniiniiin I'lirliiiiiiciit (Innil to tlii." Territory) to he
liiiiilhiii nil the peoiih' until .iiiiK'tioiied by their repre-^entiilives.

1. .All .^herillV Mii|.'i.4riite.s Coii.'tiible.s Ac, Ac., to be elected by the
Iicii|ile— 11 tree lioinesteiiil pre-einptiiin law.

•'. A i"irlinii III' the imblio lands lo be appro|iriated to the benetit ol'
!ehon|.,tlic bnililinn ol'ihe roads, hridifo." and parish bnildinit.''.

li. .A L-iiiiriinlee lo cnnncet AVinnipeg by rail willi the nearest line of
riiilroud— the land (?rant for such road or roads to be .subject lo the I.CBis-
iaturei.r the Territory.

I. I'lirluiii- vears the priblie expenses of Ihe Territory, civil, military
andiainiiviiial, to be paid out of the Dominion Treasury.

; after making another ineffectual attemi>t In have
I a conference with Mr. Mucdougall, retired to their
homes, feeling that they had only l>een called
together to give a color of unanimity to pio-
I ceedings which they remonstrated auainst, and
whi<h they, in common with the loyal portion
of the French poinilation, saw, miiihl lead to
the gravest consequences.

govi-:iin.mi:nt

CHAPTER XI.
()!<' Sir? .loIlN

Noirni-WHST.

V()r\(i._Tiii',

liill III' llit'hls passed.

1. — IIn,\. W. M.\('D(iU<IAIJi".< ltUMII,I.\TI.N<i I'lisi-
TION AT Pl^MHinA. — 2. II K (IlARC-l'.S THf,
Hui).s(tN's I'-AY CoMI'A.VY'S Ol'FK'IAIiS WITH
CO.MlMJCrrY WITH THK I.\SU1!(U;N I'S. — :'). IIk
ISSUES A PliiU'I-AMATION ANNOUNCINd IIIM-
Si;i.F AS GOVKKNOK DF Till', XoitTll-WKST

Tkkuitoky. — 4. Action of Ca.nadia.v Goy-

KKN.MENT. TllK QuEKN's ruoCIiAM.VTIo.N. —
5. Mk. MaCDOUQALI. Co.M.MISSloNS A CoN-

.^euvator of the Peace. --(!. Failure of
CoLoXEL Dennis to arouse the Enolish
Half-hreeds. — 7. Condition of Affairs in

WiNNII'EG. — 8. SuBItENIlER OF 4') CANADIANS

IN Dr. Sciiui-Tz's House. — It. Declaration
OF Independence. — 10. HoistinotheRehel
Fla(k Kiel hecomes President. — 11. Ar-
rival OF THE Canadian Com.missioners.

1. — We will now return to the Hon. AVilliam

j '■■• The military lo be composed of the people now existini-' in the
I Territory.

I'. The I-Vench and Knglish lanprunKC lo be eimitnon in llie l.e(.'i>lature
and Council, and all public documents and acts of l.ct'islature to be
published in both lani;ini!,'es.

111. That the .Judge of Ihe Superior Court siieak both French and
KoBlisii.

11. Treaties to bo concluded and ratified between the (iovornmcnt and
several tribes of Indians of this Territory, calculated to insure peace in
future.

I'J- That all t'rivilepes, customs and usiipes e.xisting at the time nf the
transfer be respected.

in. That these rights be Buaranteed by .Mr. .Macdoui-'all before he he
admittt.Ml into this Territory.

14. If he have mil the power himself to L'riint them, he niusi cot an .Act
of l'ar!iamoiit passed expressly securinjr us Ihe riKht.' : and until such .Act
b.-' obliiiued, he must stay outside Ihe Territory.

l"i. That we have full and fair representation in the liominion I'arlia-
menl.

'I.;}i,

m.'

illl

Ip^

lOK

Tl'ITF-irs insTolIV OF TMK HoMIXloX OK CANADA.

Miifdou^^all, who, titter hriiig driven out ol' the
Hudson's Btiy post near I'embina.

II. .n \V.M.ir,l,.M„,,ir- . , •' , ,. . I

iiuiiiiii;iiiiiuiK..-iii..ii retired uerow.s the hno into |

III IVlrlliill.l. I • • 1 . • 1 1 '

I niled Mates territory, and took
iij) lemjKtniry residence on tiie larin ol'a French
Canadian named Larose, about two miles south ;
olthf Pemltiiia Iiiver. Here hi' rnnained for six
vveelis wrilini>' Uespalclies to tiie Secretary of
State for the I'rovinees, to Governor MacTavish.
and to Canadian friends in Fort Garry, when-
ever he could li'et an opportunity- to send letters
past the barricadi! at River Sale, waitiii"- an
opportunity of u'ettinii- ([uii'tly into the Settle-
ment, and exjH'etiim- to hear that the Royal
I'roelamation had been issued and the Territory
duly transferred liy the Imperial (Jovernment
to the Dominion. Jlis position was peculiar and
embanassiiiu' ; hampered with his own family
as Well as the members of his stalf and proposed
new Government, he found himself with al)out
twenty persons in his party, and scarcely accom-
modation for one-third of that numl)er. with
winter coming- on, the hope of reachim>' Fort
Garry diminishinu-, and the dangers and dif-
liculties of returning to St. Paul daily increasiui:'.
To this must be added the humiliation of Ix'ing
kept hanging about the borders of tht; Settle-
ment, while the authorities made no effort to
assist him, and Go\ernor MacTavish contented
himself with advising him, like Micawber, to
wait " for something to t\irn up."

2. — becoming convin<ed at last that he need
expect no help from the olHcials of the Hudson's
lie ihnrtroy the 15ay Company, some of whom, at

c..ini.Mii.v'.'.'.hu-iiii> least, he charireswith complicity

mill iviiiiplMiiy Willi • 1 1 . jt 1 I '

iiiiiiiMiirchis. with the msiiru'enls,* and be-

* " I c Miiiiiit iii'i'niinl f.ir ilii> ('xir.inr.liiiiiry rctironcc iinil llll^'t,v .^iirron-
dur nriiiilliiuilyliy the k>j.':il nili'i> nT iju' i-oiinlry ii|"in im.v llienry luit lluu
(if llic H-oiikncss ,iiii| iinln'i'ilily uf tlu' tiiiviTiior. unci the romiilioily uf
sdiiic iiicnilier..' iif his Ci.uni'il with the iiisiirroflicin. 1 hiivc rvicli'iicc

thill ■ilH' nl his Colliu-illnrs, lit wilus,. liuusf snllU' nt' till' lirst llR'i'linifs i.r

the iiiiile'iniiMits witc held, is in i-iirri's|Miiii|i'iii'(' with the Amorii'iiii plut-
ters 111 I'l'iiihinii : mnl tiyinit to liiiil "iit lliminrh thcin whiit my iiilcniinns
iiii'i iii'ivi'iniMiis ;iii'. This lii'isnii within ihi'Cniinril will also ii.i'iiuni Icii'
Ihcstdiipiiii; (if supplies which wcro urdiTwl hy the llihlson's Itiiy Coiii-
piniy's iii-'cnt Ik'i-'-. I.h- (iiii- usu iis wull us his own, ami which the ichcls
(■"iild have kmiwn milhini.' iihcmt unless s.imo uf the lliidsiui's liny Cimi-
paiiy's eiiiphiyi's hud disc-hiscd tlieir desliniitiiin. The reliels had nnt
pi-eviiiiisl.\ iiiierfered with the Ci.miiany's eiirts in- trade (ipei-alions."—
lixtriiet Inim liMleml lloii. \V. .Mudcim'all Ki lldii. .Idseidi ll(iwe,:th
\(i\cmliel', ISIi'.l.

lieving that the transler would be made on I lie
lirst of December, and his commission as Lieu-
tenant-Governor thereby go into elleel, he c(»iii-
meiiced making preparations for that e\ cut. w iili
a view tocalliiiiion the loyal portion. oi the popu-
lation to iml down the insurgents, either bv a
show ol force, or by actual strength of arms il
necessary. He was kept well advised of the
state of atfairs in the Settlement, and felt we||
assured that as soon as he could issue a Proc-
lamation as the representative of Her Maji-siv.
the loyally of the Canadians and English llall-
breeds would as.sert itself, and the French woiiM
hesitate to oiler armed resistance to the repre-
.sentative of the (^ueen, where they did imi
scruple to attemi)t to scare the Hon. Mr.
; Macdtmgall. Although aware of the surrender
ot Fort Garry — for it can be called nothint:elsi'
— by the Hud.son's Iky authorities, he still li^id
! hopes that the insurgents would lay down their
j arms when there was any show of force and
authority ai>ainst them. In, this, however,
events proved that he was mistaken, and the
Settlement A'ery narrowly escaped a most (li>-
astroiis war of creeds and races.

f3. — On the same eventful 1st ol December mi
which the Convention re-asseml)led at Fori
Garry and ultimately passed the „^, .^^^^^.^
" 15ill of Rights," Mr. Macdougall, iSBllt'L^Mi
acting on the supjiositiou that N.'iMh «''."t''' ''''
the transfer to Canada had been ''"""■■■>■'
made on that day, issue ' • Proclamation an-
noTxncing his appointment as Lieutenaiii-
Governor of the North-West Territorii's.* Mr.

• Vk TdHiA, by the IJr.ice uf (iod, of tho!Unitcil;Kii(gdoni of (ireat liiilniii

and [relaml, Quccu, llofendcrof tho Faith, ,Ve., .Vc, iVo.
\Vii.i.i.\M .MAiiKii'ii.vi.r,.

To nil whom it may cdncorn— (iRKKrixd :
|L. S.J

I'KOCL.A.M.VTinN.

Wliereim, hy ''The British North .Aineriea Act, ISfiT," it wa.i (aindn!;-!
dtlior thinKs)enaeted, that it shonhl be lawful fur Iter .Majesty, by an.l
with the advice uf Her Majesty's Most Horn .ahlo Privy Cduncil, .ii
Address from the lldu.ses uf I'arliiiment ofCiinadii, to admit Itupert's
Land and the .\orth- Western Territory, iir either id' them, intd the
I nion df the Uominion of Canada, on such terms and Cdndilinns ii-
are in tho address e.\pios.>od, and as Her Mnjesty think.s tit toapiirove :

And, wliereii. for the puriHwe of carrying into ell'oct tho said tinivisini'
of "The BritlsU North America Act, WiiT,'' "The Rupert's l,and ,\'t.
IS '^," enacted and declared, that it shduld bo competent for "the liov-
ernor and Company of Adventurers of Ennland trailing into lludsim's
liay." to sum uder to Her .Miijesty, and lor Her -Majesty by any inslrumeiii
under Her sinn manual, and signet, to accept ii surrender uf all, or any "I
the lands, territories, powers, and nuthorities, whatsoever, granted, "r.

•J

I 'i

(JOVEIJNMKNT oK Sll! .JoUN V(>rN<} TllK NoUTll W KST.

10!l

«K' oil I 111'
I i(s LiiMi-
I, hi- ioiii-
ii'iit. wiili
ihf popu-
ihov l)y ;i
)!' iiriiis il
I'll of th"

1 i;-it wvii

Lie a I'lui-

r Miijoisrv.
■•lisli'llall-
ii'h woulil
the ri'|Mv-
>■ tlicl ib'i
Hon. M:.
suiTi'iidfr
iithiiiu'olsi'
u> still h.hl
ilowu tht'ir
lorco ami
however,
1, and Ihi'
most (li>-

OmlxM' nil

at Fdii

0* :t

'iiic Iiim-fll
riKirorih.'

ry.

atioii rtii-

eiitcnani-

u's.* Ml-.

of(ircut liiil.iin
Ac.

\V!Ki (aiiiinii-'^t
iije«ty, liy iinil
Ciiiim'il. "II
iilniit l!ii|ipil'*
them, int'i tin'
i] eiinJilicins .i^
t toiipprove :
»iiiil]ir"vi,«i"ii«
rt's I.aiiil .\'t,
lor '• the (iiiv-
intii Hiicl>-"ii''
any in.»truiiiciit
III' all, or liny I'l'
jr, Krimtoil, "i'.

»\

■-i

Miiodoniiall lia> luioi Mauii-d, and with some
iii^iicc, I..1- pii'iipiiaiicy in i.ssuinsj this Pro-
rlanialinu lici'on- n-ri-ivinn- ini'ormation thai the
Tfiiitoiv luid been traiiisli-iicil to Canada, and il
sv,i> r.'itainly uniorlnnalc that he so far ooin-
miili'd hini.sclf without snllicioiit information,
fur il ><> happtMii'd that the Territory had not
hciMi traiisfrrii'd, and Mr. Macdouiiall had no
i.i.ire K-a'al riijhl to issue a Proclamation than
Mi. Kiel had, and the iiisuri>-ents kiirw that he
had not the pn\v<'rand lauiihed at liie Proclama-
lioii and its proinul'4'ator. There is no reason to
(l.iul)i that Mr. Macdouu'all was (juite honest in
i.s>iiiiiii' his Pioelamation, and Ixdieved that, by
straiuiiiu- a point, he had the right to do so. for
wliii lie li'fl Canada the lir.st of December
was I lie dati' auroed on for the Iranfer, and
alihuuiih he had not received ollieial information
that the t;;!0(t,(MIO had been i)aid and the transfer
iiiadr by the llud.son's Bay Company, neithi'r had

piiriiiirti'cl til lie t'ranteil, by certain IiCtterH I'atop.t <>{ \[\e l,r,te .Mii,io.ity
Klii'i f'Intrlfi the Seeonil, tci the ^uid (iMvernor nnd ("nmiiany within
litiint'^ /.'III 'I, uji'in .■'ueh tcnii> jind eenilitiiin.^ as shun hi lie .iifreeii uimn,
hy mill IiotW''rn Hit .^lll.ics^y. unit tlie.-uiil (invornnr iiii'l ennipany ;

Aii'l, iriirriiii, by •The Rii|iert'.< l.anil Aet, ISHS," it i.s further enaeleil,
tltiit t'riiMi the (late ui the aiiini.ssinn <it' Kitiieri'.s Lanil intn the hmnitiinn
iifl'ana'la, a." alnre.saiil, it shiill he lawt'iil fur the Parliament nf I'anaiia
III iiialte, oriliin. ami c.'talili.sh, nilhin tho saiil Uml anil territory sn
ailiiiilti'il, a.s afore.s.iiil, all sii 'h laws, iiistitiitii>n.«, ami iinlin:inees, an<l In
I'ut.sliauo.sueh oiinrls an I nitieers a.i may be neeossary lor the |ieaeo.
onler. ainl guml iiiivern nent of llur .Majesty's jubjoetn, ami iithei.<
I here' n :

Ami. irliereim, it i? further provideil by tho said Aet that until uthcr-
wise enacted by the said i'.irliaiiiont ut <':iuada, all the imwers. aiithurities,
.nnl.iini- lii'tinncif tho.-everal eonrt.s'l jiislieo. imw established in Kii perl's
Lund, and iif the several illieers thereof, and of all the mauiiilrite.s and
.iii.-lii'es. iM.w iietinx within the .said liinit,s, shall e.mtinue in full fnri-e
andellVet therein ;

.!»./, ii<li,ii;iii. the iiftid linvernur and L'uiniiany have surrendered to Her
.Mii.ie-ly. and Her Ma.ie?ty has aei-e|ited a .surrender ol nil the lands, ter-
ril.iries, rinhis privileges, liberties, franehise.s, powers and authorities
CTiintel, ir pii. ported to ho Krantei by tho said l,eller..i Patent, u|ion
ecri:iin term- and conditions ncrood upon by and between ilcr .Majesty,
and the s.aiil ilovernor and euuipnny ;

ilii.^ "■/,</, o». Her .Majesty, by and with tho ad»iec of Ilcr .M ijesty's
iiiiist Honorable I'rivy I'ouneil, and on an .Vddri'ss from both the Houses
"fth'.' Parliament of Oamida, in pursuance of the one hundiid and forty-
sixili .section of "The liritish Xorth America Act, IHii'i," hath declared
that Kiipert's Land and tho North- Western Territory, shall, from tho
'../ ./.../ of Hccembor in the year of Our Lord one thousand eit-ht
hiinlred and sixry-nine, bo admitted into, and become part of the
lliiminion of (.'auada, upon the tortus and conditions expressed in tho
said .\dilress, of which Her .Majesty has approved, and Hiiinri'i inml,
and the .Vo;7/i-H'.,i,.,.)i Ti:rrili)rii, are admitted into tho I'nion, and have
l« I'l' Piirt of the Ihimininn ../ ('nii'ii'n accordingly ;

Ami, ii-lieiifin. the Parliament of Canada, by an Act intituli^d : "An .\ct
for the Tempor.iry Oovornment of Rupert's Land and the North-Wostern
■lVrrii..ry, when united with Canadl^" enacted that it should be lawful
tor the liovermir. by any order, or orders, to be by him, from time to time.
uiaJe » ;tli the advice of the Privy Council land subject to such conditions
and riv-lri.diiMis as to him should .seem moot), to authorize and empower
suih ollicer as he may, from time to time, appoint, Od Lioutenaiit-

lie received any intimation that negotiations had
been suspended. Still Mr. Maedoiigall was some-
what to blame lor not taUiiiu' into areoiinl tlie
ehaiiue whiiii had uecurred siiiee the liist of
December was aLrreed on as the dav for tho
transfer to Canada ; then everythiiiL;' was (iniet,
and tSoveriior MarTavish assured the Canadian
Ministers that he was in a position to transfer
the Territory peaeefuUy ; now there was a large
body oi armed men in possession of the «diief
fort in the settlement, the Governmeiii of the
Hudson's Hay Company wasdep()sed — whether
wiilinuly or uiiwilliimly does not matter — and
where Mr. Macdouiiall fell inio error was in
supposing' that the ( 'anadian ( !overnmenJ would
acre}>t the country in a slate of iiiteriial lomino-
tioii when it was sperially aiiieed liiat the
Iransfer would be a peaceful one.t

Oovernor of (lie \iirlh-\Vi'st Tcrvil'irics, to mako ppivisiiin for the
adiuinistralion ofjustb'c therein, arul neuerallv timake, or. lain, and
I'stanlish a'l sticb laws, and ins'ilutions and ordinan 'cs as may bo nu^'cs-
sary for the la-a e, order, and Kood tfoTomment i)f Her .Majesty's siibjecU
arid I Ihers therein.

.Voic /,11'i/c )'c. iliat HO have soon lit, by Our lloyal Letters I'atont.

bearinf^dato t''0 Iwenty-ninlh day ol September, in the year of Our Lord

one tbiiusand eiuht hundred and sixt>'-iiin'N to appoint the Honorable

I William .Macdoiiuall. of the City of Ottawa, in the Province of Onlarii),

I in the li'Moinion of Can ida. and member uf Privy C. Miii.il b.r Caiiad.i.

I and Ciiuip.inion i.t Our .^^l.<t Honorable Older of the l>atb. on, from and

alter tho day to be named by L'l, for the admission of liupert's Laud

aiid the .North-\Vest6in Ti.rrit»iry, af.iresaid, into ihe I iii<<n or llnminitn

td' Canada, to wit : or from a. d after the first day of Oeeemlier. in the year

of O'lr I/>rd one thousand ci^dit hiitidrud and si.vty-ntne. to be. diirinx our

pleasure, the Litni'iinni linviniir of the Xorth-\\'est Terriloiies :

.■\nd we didtherciiy aiithiiriio. and empower, and rciuire and command
him, in duo maaner, to lin and Kn -iil'; in all thinits t'liit shall bclonu' to
his said command, and the V'-ii-Mie hav > reposed in him. accordiiiL' to
the several prnvi.-intis and instructions granted, or appoinii.-d him. by
virtue of our said C inmissian. and the Act ol the Parliaiiieni 'if i 'anad.i,
hereinbefore rec't'-d. aiel accordiu;; to such iiisfrii -tions as have bi.'cn. or
may, ftoiu ti'iie to time, be iriveii to him, and to such laws as are or shall
bo euforred within ihe Niirlh-\Vest Tcrritori s.

1)1' III'/ irli nil Uiir L.iviiii,' Snlije.'ts of Our 'l'crriloric.s, ar.d all others
whom these I resents may concern, are hercb>- renuircd to take icdice,
and jrovern themselves a"Cordini:iy.

Ill Te>tiiiinny Whereof, we have caused these Our Letters, to l.o miido
Paleiil, and the lireat Seal of Uiir .N.irtii-Wcst Territories to bo
hereunto alli\ed : Witness Our rrusty and Well lieloved. The
Honorable William .Ma-doiiBall, Member of Our Privy Cuuiicil
for Canada, and I'limoian ler of ihir .Mo-t Himorable Order of tho
Hath, l.ieiilenaot-iloveriior of our .North-West Terril<irics, ,Vc..
Ac.. .Vc.at ihc Ked Kivcr. in i.iir af.o-esaid Xorlh-Wesi Terri-
tories, this lirst day of Deccinber, in the year of tbir I-,"rd ono
thousand eiirht hundred and sixty-nine, and in the ihirty-third

year of Our Keimi.

I'y coinman I,

.1. A. \. provf,\ciii:r.

Secretary,
t In his letter to Hon. .Mr. Howe, reviewini.' the lied Kiver lieliellion,
.Mr. Macdoiitfiill publishos letters from .Sir Curtis Sauipsoii. [Jepiity
(ioveriior "f the lliidsou's Hay Company and Sir John .\. .Mchonald,
wliicli riMclieil iiim while he was at Pcmliitia, informing' him. that Ihe
" transfur will take place uii the 1st uf December." Pamphlet on tved

i-n

,_ It.

' ' . ■■rl "

TITTLK'S HISTOHV OF 'VUK DOMINION OF CANADA.

(tDvi'i'tiriifnt. Till'

(ilU'l'ir.-l'rii(liMll:lfi"ll

4. — The news of tho stopi)ing of Mr. Mac-
clougall ill I'cmhiiiii caused the liroatest oxtitc-
nit'iit, thnuitihoiit tho Dominion,
hut especially in Ontario, where
the leolinii' was exceeclin>ily
stronii'. The Government sot ilsell' promptly to
work to calm the aiiitation ol' the Jlall'-l)reods
and to endeavour to eiieet a peaeei'ul transfer of
the country. Teleurapliic communication was
opened with the Colonial Oliice immediately on
re(!eipt of Mr. ^lacdouiiall's letter of ."Ust of
Octoher, advi.sing- the Secretary ol State for the
Colonies that he had been stopped at Pembina,
and the II(nne Oliice kept fully advised of events
as they occurred. Steps were also taken to seiul
parties who were supi^ostnl to have some in-
lluence with llie French Half-breeds to reason
with thcui, show them the extent of the posti-
lion thoy were assuming-, and assur<> them that
Canada had no intention of infringin;? on any of
i their rii^'hts and privileu'es. For this purpose
Vicar-( leneral Thibault, who had spent over
thirty years in the North- Wi'st, and Col. De-
Salaberry were invited, and accepted a mission
to the North- West to calm and appease the por-
tion of the community which was excited. At
the same time overtures were made by the
(rovernment to Mr. Donald A. Smith, Chief
.\uent of the Hudson's Bay Company at Mon-
treal, to undertake a Special Commission to the
North-West, wiiich he acci'pted, and left Ottawa
on 14th December, ISii'K The powers liiven to
Mr. Smith were very lar<re, and he was com-
missioned to in<iuire into all causes of grievance
and report as to the best means of removing
tiiiMii. His commi.ssicn ran ; — '• iN'ow know yi',
that having conlidencein your honesty, lidelity,
and integrity, w^e do, l)y lliese |)resents. nomi-
nate, constitute, and appoint you, the said
Donald A. Smith, to be our Sj^'iial Commis-

liivi'i- Hi'licllinii, 'p,i. 'Ji. '. I.iinl ilniinilh' in .i cli'>|iiiii'li ,|mIi'wi'r ;■' lliu (li'iiiiiml "!' Ihu I'MTmclian (rdviTiiiiU'iit
lliMt Her .Miijt'st.vV <iiivt.'riiim'nt .Hlmiild tako "the rffinmsiUility ol'
putting I low II till' r('si>liMit'(' " shid'.M Ilia I " tlirimu'liniit tin- in'ifntialinii,^."
I'mi* ilif iiMn>t\'r. " if lia'l iii'viT Ih'i'ii liiiilfil llial tin' C.Mii|.aii\' i-^ In hi-
ImiiiiI'I Id liiiii'l iiwr it* 'l't'rrititr.\' in a slati' dI' li-an<|inlit\\" .Mr. Miw-
tliiti^ajl i'>iii(oii>l> that til' \va.< liniiml In a^.'^linif t'niin all llli' ntrt!' lunnvil
til liiiii at Ilii' liinii dial llii' Ir.in^ri'r Iniil Ihtii iiiaili' nil tlin \<t Itci'i'iiilier
iiH iiKrei'il iipnti liy " tlirce iiii\ I'miticnly."

sioner, to enquire into the cause, nature, ami
extent of the obstruction otl'ered at the li^d
K'iver, in the Norlh-AVest Territories, to tlir
peaci'able iimress of th(> lion. William Mar-
douiiall, and other parties, authorized by our
Governor-CnMieral of Canada to proceed into the
same ; and also to enquire into the cau,ses of
the di.seontent and dissatisfaction alleufed In
exist in respect to the proposed union of llii'
Xorth-Wcst Territories with the Dominion ol'
Canada: and further to explain to the inhal)itaiit>
of the said country the jirineiples on whith the
Government of Canada intends to administer
the Government of the country, aceordini;- lo
such instructions as may be given to you bv
our Crovernor in Council in this behalf; and to
take steps to remove any misappn^hensioiis
which may exist in respett lo the mode of Gov-
ernment of the same, and to rej)ort to our
Governor-General the result ot such enquiries;
and on the best mode of quieting and removiiiu'
suih discontent and dissatisfaction ; and al.so to
report on the most proper and litting mode lor
ell'ectinu' the speedy transfer of the country and
Government from the authority of Hudson's
Hay Company to the Government of Canada
with the general assent of the inhabitants." At
the .same time that these gentlemen were beiuLi'
despatched, a proclamation was issued by the
Governor-General, on the authority of the
Colonial Office, offering amnesty to all tlmse
who immediately disperseil ; and as this proi-
lamation was afterwards very freely quoted by
tho.se who claimi'd that a full and general
amnesty had been promised, wc give it <oniplete,
italicising the lines in which the amnesty i^
promised, so that it may be seen that there is no
promi.se contained m it other than for those who
immediately and peaceably dispersed.* It w:i-

• I'KOCI.AMATIO.V.

CVS.MI.V.

liy Hi," K.K.'clloiii'y 'I'lio Ri(jl-t llimnriilili! Sir .Inlin Vniiim. Ilainiii't. i
.MiniiliiT 111' lli'i- .Maji'HlyV Mnfl llnnnnililc I'rivy Cmiiii'il, Kiiitlil
liriinil Criiss III' thu Mcwt llminiablu Onlur nl ill" Hath, Kniiilil
Oniml Criiiis 111' Hill .Must Di-^iiiiKui-hoil (Inlor nl'St. .Miihaol ml
St. lioiirui. Oiivi'riinr-di'iu'ral nl' Cainnlii

'III nil ami every the Lnyiil Snlijeils nl' Her .Maji'.-^ly the i.iia'en, ami ' ■
nil ivhniii lhe«e pre.Jenl.i ^Imll eiiino,— OreeliiiK ;
The (;iieeii has ehiirKeil mo, iim Her Kepre^eiilalivp In inrnriii ymi Ih.il

xko hiiH huiiril with tniriirlKO ntiU rcKri-t that ourtaiii luiPKuiiJuU perxmis In

(JOVKIINAIENT OK SI IJ .lOllN V«)rN(i-TIIK NoHTll-WK.ST.

1k>|mi1 iIimI lliis iniiclMiiiatioii aiul thi^ ))rcsi'uct>
,,r Mr CcpiiuiiisNioutT Siiiitli Avoiild liavc tlu'
oH'ccl (il rcstoi'iiiL;' order, and allowinu' tlio
iraiislrr to I'l' pracoal)!) aiadc and tluit Mr.
M;i(<liiu<jidl wonld 1)1' allowod to enter tlie
Tcviitcry.

,"). — While measures lookiuii' towards a poace-
lul .solution oi' tlio dillieulty were beiiii>- taken
„ ,, , ,, atOttawa, Mr. jVIaedouj^all outhe
' •"''nM'-rn'',i,.rni ii.r l''<^"ti'-^i' was preparing lor war,
'''"■'■" if neee.ssary, and on the iirst

(if De( eniher, is^ui'd a ("ouiniission lo Col. ,1. S.
]iiiiiiis. as his Lieutenant and "Conservator ol'
ilie Peace," authorizinu' liim to raise, arm and
eiiuiii troops, «.\re., very exteusi\ o powers beiuu'
njveii liini, as may be gathered IVom the I'olhnv-
jnLiexiraci troni his eonunission : " Know you,
that reposiii!.;- trust and eoniidenee in your
(■(i\ir;e..;e, loyahy, iidelity, disi'relion, and ability,
and under, and in virtue ol' the authority in

Hit .criloinoiils on (lio Uoil Kivor IiJi\" ImuiIimI tliemsclv-cs li.j.'t?lher tit
oii|"isii, li.v I'ipivo. Iliti entry into Hit .Nnrtli-Wi'siern IVrrilmics i>r tho
dlliiMT si^loclO'i I" ii'liiiinislcr. in Hit nunii'. Ilio (Invi'inmiMil wlii'ii tlio

liTrilcirii'.* iiii iliil 1" llic lliiniiniun <•( Ciihiula, undiir llui imlhurily of

llic liilo Act ul' I'.irliatni'ul (if Ilic I iilloil Kinpliiiii ; anil tliiil lliuse piir-
tii'< liMVc iilsii f.irfilily iiml Willi vinlcni'i! iirovi'iiicil iitliei'.» nl IKt liiyal
.■<iili,icrr> iVnm innri'.-s iiiiu tin unti.\'.

Hit .\l:U"si.v li'L'H iiyr^nroil lliMt slic may ivly ii|ii>n the liiyally iil' Mnr
^llll.il•l•t.- ill ihf .N'miiIi-U r."!, ami Ijclit'vi'.s that inso iiii'ii wiin liavi' tliiiK
illi'nally ji'inr'l tii^i'tlior, liavu dnin: isu t'nuu huiho iiii...iinili'istaiiilinn nr
iiiisri'itii.si'iitatiiin.

The ijiiecn i.i mm iiii'o.l llial in .■'ain'iinnini,' tlio iininn nf llio .Vorlli-
Wi'st TiTrilorii's with eanaila, .•(lio is i.rnniiitinir tliu ' «st inl(Mc«t.< iil' the
ri'i.iili'nl,<, anil at tlu' miiiii' tiino, sliiiiKlhriiini: ami roiLsnliihilini; Her
iN'mih .Viiicrii'an |ii.s<i..ssii,na as imrt ul' lliu Hritish Knimri'. ^ on may
.iiniu'i' tinii i.r llic siiiripw anU ilis|iloasiiro wi'h ivhii'li the (Jinu'ii viuw.s Hie
iinicaM.n.il.li' .iml lawli.-s |.ii,i't.cilin«.i wliicli have liCiMiri.'.l.

Hit .^-..ifsiy I'lii.iinanils nu' In .-tati' to jon that she will ahvay.'i lio
rvii.ly. throiiKh nil} as llcr |{i|.ii'smilativo. to n'.liiss :ill well-lonndiMl
Kni'vanccs; ami that slio lias iiistini'liMl inn to hoar ami cnnsiiicr any
ciinii.hiints that may hu nnnlo or ilosin.s that may l>i' cxiiri'ssoil to iiii' a.s
'"I veriior-iit'iii" il

.\t the sainc iiino .«hi' has oliaivoil nin to I'Xon'iso all the power ami
aiitlii rily wiih whii'li she ha.s entriisteil iiie, in the sn|i|iort of onler ami
till' >ii|.|iii'.->iiMi ill iinlawlul ilistiirhanoii.

lly Hit .Mi.ii'sty'saiithinily I do llH'reliirn assure yon, that on llic nnii ii
with eanaila, all yi nr oivil iiml roliiiions riithts ami priyileu'i's will bn

'"■'I ''■'! ■ >•'">■ |irii|'crlies sei'iiroil lo ynii, and yonr i ilry will In' itov-

I'liifil as ill the |ia>l nmler llrili.sli Liiws niiU in the spirit ol' llrilLsh
.Illslice.

I lio riirther, under Her antliority, entreat and eoinniand those of you
"III. aieslill as..enilp|eil and handed toitether, in diliam-e nl law, |ieaee-
iiMy to ilisperse and reliini to your homes under the iieiialties of the law
ill ease (if disiiliedienee.

Aint I •i'ltti'illii In/ttnii intii thiit in m.ir nf jmnr imtitntiolf nud ipttvrnhlv
(.').. /iVii,.,. „„,/ ,ll,i„;-ti„n I ilhill „rili'r llnil a.. Ie,iitl iimrmliiiuH l,r l,il,cii
'If/ai'a./ (III., ,,„r(iV, iw ,.lin,l, ,1 in lli. -, rin.fn, lumilr hriilrli, ■, .,/ llir liiir.

Iliven under my hand and seal at Arms, al Ottawa, this Ki.xth day of
l»oeeiiil)er, in theyoariif Oiir Lord one thonsand einlit hnmlred andsi.xtv-
iiine, and m ih,. thirty- third year of llor Majesty's KeiKii.

JOHN VOlMi.

nie vested, I have nominated and appointed,
and, by these presents, do nominate and
apiKiint you, the said .lolin Stouiihton
Dennis, to be my Lieutentiut and a Con-
.servator ol' the Peaee in and lor the North-
West territories, and do hereby authorize and
empower you as .such to raize, organize, arm.
I equip aiul provision, asullicieni I'oree witliin the
I said Territories, aiul with the said I'oree, to
i attiuk, arrest, disarm, or disper.se the said armed
j men .so tinlawlully assembled and disturbing
; the public peace : and lor that purpose, and with
the i'oree al'oresaid, to assault, lire upon, pull
down, or break into any I'ort, house, stronghold,
or other place in which the said armed men
may be loiiiul. and I hereby authorize you, as
such i.ietUenant and Conservator ol' the Peaee,
to hire, purchase, impress, and take all necessary
clothing, arms, amunition and sup[)lies, and all
cattle, horses, wauoiis, sleiL-hs, or other \ chicles,
which may be re(|uired I'or the us(> ol' the force
to be raised as aforesaid; and 1 lurlher authorizt>
you to appoint as many ojlieers and deputies
under you, and to gi\e them such orders and
instruetions from time to time, as may be found
necessary for (he due performance of thi' ser-
vices herein required of you, reportinu' to me
the said appointments, and orders as you shall
liiid opi)ortuiiity, for conlinnation or otherwise;
aiitl 1 hereby uive you full power and autliority
to call upon all i\biLtistiates and I'eaee-oliicers to
aid and assist you, and to order all or any ol'the
inhabitants of the North-West Territories, in the
name of ller Mrjesty the (^ueen, to su|)port and
assist you in i)rotec(iim' tlu; lives and properties
of Jler Majesty's loyal subjects, and in pre-
•serving the pul)lie peace, and for thai purpose
to .seize, disperse, or overcome by I'oree, the said
armed men and all others, who may be Ibuiul
aiding or abetting them in their unlawful acts.
And the sanl persons so called upon in ller
Miijesty's luime, are hereby or<lcred and enjoined
at their peril, to (d)ey your orders and directions
ill that behalf; and this shall be siillieient
warrant lor what you or they (k> in the premises,
so lona' as this Commission remains in I'oree."

(J. — Armed with this commission,

hieh

;!:' I

,:' J

!!'■'■ ■

Ill

iHl

112

TUTTI-K'S lIISTOlv'V OF TFIK DoMIXlOX OF TAXADA.

seemed to l)o ainplo and swec])!!!^' I'nouii'h, but

which was really not worth the

iiiiiii- h. i,i..ii-r the paper it was written on, as JMr.
KhKii^h lN,ir-i.,v,.,i... ' ' 1,1, 1 v 4

Maedongall had no auihority to

issue it, Colonel Dennis at oiiee made his way
to VViuuipeii" and communieati d with some ol'
the '• (rionds of law and (nde,.' as the loyal
party was somotimes called, lie took jiossession
ol' the Stone Fori, or Lower Fort (larry, appoint-
ed a nixmber orolKei'Vs in thedilierent parishes,
and hegan drillini>- his men. At liist the iMii^'lisli
Hali-breeds wore quite enthusiastic, and the
Christian Indians, under their Chief '■ I'rinee,"
tendered their services and a i'urce ol' lilt y was
retained by Colonel Dennis to liuard the Fort.
This incautious action uave rise to tlie report
that Governor Macdougall was enrollint;' tlie
Sioux and other tribes to light the French, and
caused ureat an.xiety in Canada for awhile, as
well as a great fear in Minnesota and Dakota
that their frontier would l)e plunged into all the
horrors of an Indian war ; but the fear was soon
allayed by the I'epudiation by (lovernor Mae-
dongall of any intention of employing Indians ;
and till' collapse of Colonel Dennis' mission as
'• Conser\'ator of the I'eace '' soon dispelled any
daiui'er of an a<tual conllict. The dislributioii
by Kiel amongst the Scotch and JCnulish Half-
breeds of thi' -'Bill of Ivmhts " adopted by the
Convention on the lirst of December, had the
elll'ct of makinu' many waver in tln'ir opposition
to him and rather disposed to think that ho was
only demanding what was just in requiring
sonie kind of uuarantei' from the Canadian
Government that their rights and projji'rty
would be respected. Auain, many of the Scotch
Half-breeds were rich, and they hesitateil aliout
engaging in a strife where they saw that the
men of property would be the lirst and most
heavy losers; so that althoiuih Colonel Dennis
in his role of Conservator enrolled .some 400 men
in the diH'erent i)arishes, they soon arew hike-
warm and he became conviini'd that no rising
c<mld bo ell'eeted, lie. however, endeavored to
etftict a meeting ))etween Kiel and IIoii. Mr.
Macdougall, which U'iel promised shouhl take
place, l)ut broke his promise as usual. Another

thinii' which oi)erated very unfavorably against I
Mr. Macdougall was the doubt which was sooti
thrown upon his right to the title of Lieutenant-
(Jovcrnor, there beinu' no olhcial notilication of i
the transfer ; and Colonel Dennis, hndiiig hf '.
could do nothing, and that his authority was i
doubtful, prudently retired to rembina, and
shortly after returned lo Canada with Mr. Mac-
dougall, who left Pembi.ia on 18th December, !
as soon as he found t'lat his commis.sion was
worthless, and that he could do no good by
remaininii' longer.

7 — Comiim- Imck to affairs af '"ort Garry, wo
iind that on the refusal of the Fuglish delogate.s ,
to the Convention which clo.><ed ,, , ,,. , ,. „. .
its sittings on the 1st December, "i""M'^i-'-
to join in the formation of a Provisional Goverii-
nient, Riel determined to carry matters with a
high hand. Beinu' inlormed that the Hon. Mr.
Macdougall's rroclamation was being printed at
the oiiice of th(> Nor-Wesfer, he endeavoured to
arrest its proprietor, 'Sir. \V, R. Eown, and look
possession of the oflice, but not until the Procfi-
mation had been printed. Onthe sameeveiiiiiL;'
(1st Dei'.) an attemi>t was made to arrest Dr. •
Schull/, who was the nu)st ol)jectionable of all
the '•Canadian" party to Riel, but the Doi'tor
was absent at the Stone Fort consulting with
Colonel Dennis, and the only result was an
alarm to Mrs. Schultz, who was an invalid. The
villau'o of Winnipeg was now in a state of great
excitement and confusion ; armed guards patrol- ,
led th(> streets ; the Canadians were placcil
under surveillance; the Proclamations of Iluii.
Mr, Macdougall, which had been ])o!-ted up in
conspicuous places, were torn down, and general
alarm prevailed. While Colonel Dennis was
eiirollinu' all the recruits he could muster at the
Stone Fort or others places, the Canadians in
Wiimipei;-, to the number of about lil'ty, who
had been already enrolled, assembled at ilic
lious(> of Dr, Schultz, about eight hundred yards'
distiince from Fort Garry, to protect the jiroperly
of the Canadian Government stored there.
This small force, which was but imperfectly
arine<l, put tin' place in as good a state ofdi'feiisc
as possible, ami soon was in a state of sioiiv

(;()Vp;RNMr<:\T of sir .loirN young— tiiI'] Noirni wkst.

118

hv liit'l, who had now over ihrcf hundred men I
w itli liiiii. Several limes the parties vmy nearly !
iMUie into collision, hut each side was anxious I
to have the other lire tin; lirsl shot, and they
stood \ ery much like a coujile of school boys,
anxious to light but each afraid to "strike
lirst."

S. — For three days the Canadian party in Dr.
."^chultz's house remained in a state of siege,
an<l in the meanwhile the hopes
luriy-iiv.-c.irm.ii.iii.^ (,j- Oolouel Deuuis beiu"- able :

111 I*r. hflmil/. > ~

'"'""<' to raise any considerable force I

well' dissipated. Fearing that a collision
niiuht occur. Colonel Dennis sent an ordi'r
Id the Canadians to leave IVinnipeg and go
to Kildonan School-house, as he could not ;
come to their assistance, and warning them on
no account to be provoked into hring the
lirst shot. The bearer of this order was '
captured by liitd, and it gave him increased
coiilidence. Cut olF from wood and water '
the little for('e began to feel the pressure; of
the investuient. Fxhaiistc'd by the necessity
of being at th<'ir posts night and day, they
decided on the eveniny- of the sixth to
attempt to cut their wny out on the following
day, biu on that morninii' Kiel sent in Lt'piiu>
ami Moran. two of hi> :iroininent followers,
ami Mr. A. Gr. B. lianiuityue, brother-in-law of
Grovornor MacTavish, undiu' a Hag of truce.
Thvouii'h tlie.se persons the Canadians were
told that Kiel kiu>w that Colonel Dennis had
adviNcd them to surrender (which was correct),
that he had agreed to have an interview with
Hon. Mr, Macdouii'all, and that if they would
maicli up to Fort G-arry tlu>y would simply be
disarmed and allowed to go where they pleased.
Some ot the party doubted the sincerity of this
proniiso ; l)ut on the assurance of Baiuiatyne,
the only one of the party who spoke I'higlish,
thai till' auieemenl would be faithfully kept,
and that he would jiersoimlly guarantee all
private i)roperty, the Canadians surrendered,
and with Mrs. Schultz, Mrs. Mair, and Mrs.
O'Domiell, were taken to Fort tiarry, not,
ho\ve\er, to be released, for they found when
disarmed that the gates were shut, a feu tie

joie fired, and arrangements made for their
close imprisonment.*

0. — Dr. Schultz and the majority of the pris-
oners were within the walls of the Fort and

.securely guarded, while Thomas , |,r.,||,,„„,-

Scott and some others were ''"I'^i"'"'!""'^-
placed in the pri.son of the lltulson's IJay Com-
pany, which was outside the walls, ami withal
not a very secure- building. Having by his
promise to meet lion. Mr. Macdougall induced
Colonel Dennis to discontinue his elforts to
enroll men, and, by his duplicity, captured the
Canadians who were in arms, there was now
no force available to oppose Riel, and the night
of the seventh was one of hiuh ori>ies among
the insurgents. Riel and his Court l)ecame
outrageously drunk on the lum found amongst
the stores of the Hudson's Bay Company. The
work of capturing the Canadians without liring
a shot accomplished, Riel forgot his promise to
see Mr. Macdouu'all, and on the very next day
(the eighth of December) issued a proclamation,
which was virtually a Declaration of Independ-
ence, and which bore such luimistakable signs
of American " spr(?ad-(iagleism" in its composi-
tion that its authorship was u'enerally attributed
to Stuttsman, the Postmaster of Pembina, who
was a rabid Annexationist and ,i great friend of
Riel's.

* Tlie folldwiiiK i.-- the list of pri.'-iinL'rs i;il,i'ii "ii Till Iicooiiihcr :

■IiilinSehullz, .M. 1>. W. ,1. Onvis.

.'Vrtliiir ilnniilton, .1. I!. Iliiinr.'a.

(i. Ii. .Mi'Vi.Mi-, II. WciKliliniiii,

K. 1'. iMeiiilc, L. « . .\n'liil)iil.l,

Henry WuudiiiKtuii, C. !•). I'iilinor,

W. .1. .Mini, liiMirKO llcrliar.

'riiotiiiis Lfingniiin, Mattlifw Diivi;',

.lHiiie.« Lynch, .M.I). Aiuliilmld Wiinlit,

(iLMirite I'lintney, IVler Sic Arthur,

Wni.linihiiin, Itnliert K. Sriiitli,

Wtn. Nhiiinuns, .I(inic.< C. N'i'iit,

Win. Ivitl.-on, ,1. .M. Co.. nibs,

.l.ihii Fi'rj:n-"ii, A. K. Clii.-li.iliii,

Win. Spii't;. .!..!in Iv-i'Il'.-.

ThciniMs l.iisti'd, .l.iliii Ivy,

.litiiies Slewiirt, I-'. C. .MiiKi'iil^c,

l>. A. Ciiiniibell, (ionrui' .Ni.'liul,

,r..hii o'I)..iinell, ,M.l), OeiirBo Millur.

W . l'". Ilyiniiii, .Iiiiiius II. .\."lnlci«n,

Jiiincs .Mitlliifini, A. W. (iriilmin,

Cjiiirli's <iiirriill, I'. Ciiiiii'Mn,

T. Friiiiklin, .1. ll,Si,„.ks,
.Iiihii lliiili'll.

Tlmnitis Scott aii.l William lltillett were ar~o .'at.ttiri.'.l wlil'i' out ii.v
Scouts un a luruicr tiiijht.

Si"';

U i! !::i'p:

^ ■' ■

114

TrTTLKS HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINTOX OF OAXAPA.

Thi' rclK'l IliiL-
Uifl I'rusiiliMiI

10.— On the KHh of Dcfombci- the (lai? ol'iho j
rrovisional Government was unfurled over '
Fort (rarry in place of the Hud-
son's Bay Company's Hag'. This
new lla'i' was the French F/fitr de lis on a white
srround to which the 8hamrock was afterwards
added. With reference to the flag. Archl)ishop
Tai'he in his evidence before the select
committee of Parliament on the North-West
Territory, 18th April, 1874, said : •' 'There was j
no British flag i\S(>d in the country for some
time previous to the movement. When the
Hudson's Bay Company did use a flag, it was j
not the British flag proper, it '•. .:s ii ' Union j
Jack,' with the letters ■ H. B. 0. ' For two j
years, probably, previous to the movement, there
was no British flag hoisted in the country,
except the flau' of Dr. Schultz, a ' Union Jack,'
which had the word ' Canada ' iipon it, and it
was considered a party flag. Mr. Riel con-
sidered that if one man in tht> country had a right
to raise a Hag of his own, the same right extended
to other men. The Hag used by the Provi-
sional Government was the French Hag with
the ' lleur de lis,' to which was afterwards added
the Shamrock, so there was never any such
thiuLi' as taking down the British flag at all, '
about which so much has been said. ( )n account
of the letters ' H. B. C. ' on the Hag, it was con- i
sidered the Hag of the Company. It used to be ,
the practice to Hy this Hag on Sundays, but for
some months l)efore the troubles this pra<'tice
had ceased, and as far as I know this Hag ^^ as ,
not hoisted at all for some months. Schull/."s \
flag was, as I iinderstand, hoisted in opposition
to the Hudson's Bay Company.", The hoisting
of the rebel Hag by Kiel gave great oHence
throughout Canada, and his real designs began
to be suspected, — which was plainly absolute
Independence or annexation to the United
States. Itiel's position now seemed secure. He
had in close confinement a l)ody of men who,
though few in number, he had feared very
much ; by misrepresentation be had got rid of
Colonel Dennis and Governor Macdougall, and
he now turned his attention to the administra-
tion of aflairs, .lohn Bruce retired from the

Piesidency which Kiel assumed; O'Donohuo I
was continued in his ollice of Treasurer ; Lepino
\vas made Adjutant-General and Bannatyuc [
was given charge of the Post-office Department. [
Councillors were appointed who were in daily j'
session, and a large stock of trading and otlicv '
goods belonging to Dr. Schultz was taken
possession of, luider a formal edict of conlisc a-
tion passed by the " Council."' Guards were I
continued in the village of Winnipeg, but, '
apparently fearing the slumbering feeling of the ,
English natives — or, perhaps, still hoping to gain '}.
them over to the support of his Government —
Kiel did not interfere at this time with the
English Parishes. Strong efforts were made I
also at this time to get the neighboring Indians |
to join the insurgents, but this totally failed, '.
principally because the foresiglit of GoAernor !
Macdougall had caused him to authorize Josepli |
Monknian, an English Half-breed of great influ- |
eiice among the tribes, to visit their camps, ij
explain the position, and urge them to remain [
loyal to the Queen. This task Monkman so ''
faithfully performt'd that not one single Indian |
joined RieVs standard. \i

11. — Kiel was now at the head of a Govern-
ment and began to feel the need of an organ in
which to expound his views, and

,, -n 1 i> ^^ 1 Airiviil of Ihu

on tiie '2znd of Di'cemoer, pur- Omi.uiiiiii
chased innn Wiffuira CafdweH,
the proprietor. The Red River Pioneer, a journal
which had hitherto been published in tlic
interests of the Ilud'on's Bay Company. Ofj'
1 course Kiel needed funds with which to make ;
this purchase, and on the same afternoon Iv
seized a sulliiient sum from the accountant
of the Hudson's Bay Company. On Christnuis '■
Da} John Bruce retired from the Presidency
but still remained a member of the Council.
On the twenty-sixth Yicar-General Thil)ault
arrived at the Fort, the other Commissioner from
Canada, Colonel DeSalal)erry having decided
j to remain a few days at Pembina ; and on tlic
I twen1y-.se venth Mr. Donald A. Smith, Special
1 Commissioner, reached the l'"ort, having left liis
papers at Pembina until he was sure of wluit
I kind of a reception he would meet with. His

.-J

men, wlio

GOVEKNMENT OF SIR .lOIIX YOUX(J— THE RKD RIYKR TROmLES.

115

rception does not ajipear to have been an
cnthuastir one, jnd^'in^- from his report to the
Sfcri'tary of State I'or tho Province, dated 12th
April. 1870. He says: "The g-ate oi' the Fort
we loiind open, lint guarded by several armed
men, who. on my desiring to be shown to Gov-
erinr MacTavish's hon.'^e, requested me to wait
till they conld communicate with their Chief.
Ill a short time Mr. Louis Iliel appeared. I
aimoumed my name; lie said he had heard of
my arrival at Pembina, and was about to send
otfaparty to bring me in. I then accompanied
him to a room occupied by ten or a dozen men,
whom he introduced to me as members of the
'Provisional Government.' He requested to
Knew the pixrport of my visit to which I replied
in siil)stance that I was connected with the
Iliulsoiis Bay Company, but also held a com-
mi.s.sion from the Canadian Government to the
people of Red RiA'er, and would be prepared to
produce my credentials so soon as they, the
people, were willing to receive me. I was then
asked to take an oath not to attempt to leave
the Fort that night, nor to upset this government,
legally esta})]ished. This request I peremptorily
rel'iised to comply with, but said that, being
very tired, I had no desire to go outside the gate
that night, and promised to take no immediate
steps forcibly to n])set the so-called ' Provisional
Crovernmeiit,' 'legal or illegal, as it might be,"
without lirst announcing my intention to do so :
Mr. Kiel taking exception to the word illegal,
while I insisted on retaining it. Mr. O'Donohue,
to get over the difficulty, remarked • That is as
he (meaninu' myself) understands it,' to which
I rejoined, ' Precisely so.' The above explana-
tion, I am more particular in giving, as it has
been reported that I at once acknowledged the
Provisional Government to be legal. Neither
then nor afterwards did I do so. I took up my
(piaiters in one of the houses occupied by the
Hudson's Bay Company's officers, and from that
(late luitil towards the close of Fel)ruary, was
virtually a prisoner within the Fort, although
with permission to go outside i\w walls for
exercise, accompanied by two armed guards, a
privilege of which I never availed myself The

state of matters at this time in and around Fort
Garry, was most unsatisfactory and truly
humiliating. [Upwards of sixty British subjects
were held in close conlinemt'iit as ' political
prisoners;' seciirity for persons or property,
there was none ; the Fort, with its large sup-
plies of ammunition, provisions, and stores of
all kinds, was in the possession of a few hundred
French Half-breeds, whose leaders had declared
their determination to use every effort for the
purpose of annexing the Territory to tlie United
i^tates ; and the Governor and Council of
Assini])oia were powerless to enforce the law."
So closed the year, darkly enough for the soliiary
little settlement in the wilderness, but ere
another year elapsed it was to experience great
changes and the foundations laid for that
marvellous growth which has characterized it
for the past eight years, and which is fast making
it one of the most flourishing portions of the
Dominion.

CHAPTER XII.

(;OVHRX.Mi;XT OK .SIR .lOlIX VolXd.
Rl'll) RIVER TltOUHLHS.

-Till

. I.V.VCTIVITY OV TIU-. CaNADLVN Co.MMIS-

sK.MCiis. — 2. Bisiiiip Tai'He .vgrkics to
ui:Tt'UN TO Rkd River. Esc.vpe of five

I'KISONERS. — ;i. Co.MMISSIONEU; S-MITIl \D-

DRE.^sEs .\. Mass Meeting. Appointment of

l)ELE(iATE.-J. — 4. E.sCAPE OF Dr. ScilUl/rZ. —

;'). Meetino (IF Convention. The " List of

RlOIlTS." — ('). FlSTAlUilSHMENT OF THE " PUO-

visioNAE Government."— 7. Appointment
OF Deleoates to Canada.— 8. The hisino

at KiEUONAN. ReEEASEOF the I'RISONEU.'^. —

11. Capture of the Poktaoe detachme.nt.
— 10. The first heood spileed. Death of

SUTHEREANP. — 11. M.UOB BoUT^ToN CON-
demned to de.vih. drpeicitv of riei,. — 12.
Dr. Schuetz's tramp of oOO miees on snow

SHOES.

i. • >n

rrm^

11 '

hi'

i!'

»!

1 !

llfi

TnTfiK'S HISTORY OF TUR DOMINION OF CANADA.

1. — The liisl event of imporlanoe \vhi(h oc-
exiired in the i. itlement in the new year was the

arrival ol' Colonel DeSahiberrv at
i;iiiiHii;m rort darvy on the oth January;

bnt even then, althoiigh all the
Commissioners had arrived, no steps were taken
to further the object of their mission. Mr. Smith
in his report says : " On the (!tli January, I saw
Mr. Kiel, and soon eome to the conclusiou that
no yood lould arise from euteriuii' into any ue-
iiotiations with his -Counril," even were we to
admit tlicir authority, which I am not prepared
to do ; "■ the Commissioner, therefore, contented
himself with bidinu' his time to li'et an oppor-
tunity to address the people, and meanwhile, as
Mr. Smith says, they " had fr 'fpient vi.sits in the
Fort from .sonn' of the most inlluenlial and most
reliable inon in the settlement, whot'ladlj made
known to th people i^-enerally, the liberal in-
tentions of the Canadian CJovernment, and in
consequence one after another of Kiel's Coun-
cillors seceded 'Vom him, aiul being joined by
their friends and by many of their compatriots
andco-reliiiionists who had throughout remained
aloof from the insurgents, they determined
no longer to sul)niit to his dictation.' This took
some days Lo accomi)lish, and it is noticeable
that The New Nation, the ollicial oriian of the
Provisiomil (Jovernment, the lirst number of
which ai>peared on 7th January, 1870, made no
mention of Mr. Smith as a Commissioner, but
merely announced his arrival as that of an
employe of the Hudson's Hay Company.* It
may be as well to state here that this paper, the;
New Nation was edited by an American named
Eol)inson, and ojx'uly and avowedly urged an-
nexation to the United States as the mture of
the Red River settlement, a policy which it con-
tinued to advocate until after the arrival of
Bisho]i Tache, when it was suppressed for two
weeks ; and when it reappear(>d it was much
milder in tone, and counselled a union with

* Till' I'lrst niimliov "f llio .V. "• Xiil'in clues not roler In tin' iirrival of
Messi-.''. Tliiliiiiill iiriil lii'Siil:il)iMT,v iil all, unci ''.:•> nnly the InllMwinii brief
niiti.e (iI'Mr. Siiiilli's nrrival ; " II. A. Sinllti, Iv^i., Oen.'ral iniiManer Ibr
llie llniiiiniljii- Minis. Ill's lliiy Cninpaiiy in Ciiiiiiilii, arrivoil ii( I'lii'l (iarry
last week. Me eomes lo assist (imeniMr .MaeTavisli diiriiii: liis illness in
Ike iiiaiiMk'eineiil ol'tlie Cmniiai' ' Hairs."

Canada, if favorable terras could lie obtained.*
2. — On this same .seventh of January, arran^i -
ments were made for tlie return to Red River ol'
Bishop Tache, who was in Rome nish,,,. Taei,,-. a.rees
attending the G^lcunumical Coun- 'ui,T,'.",:;s'e'',',l."','„ ine i

cil. When it was known in '"'' ''^- |

Ottawa that the troubles in the settlement were
likely to prove of a serious nature, it was felt
by the members of the (!overnn-.ent that the
Bishop was the one man who iuid most inlluenee
over the French Half-breeds, amongst whom he
had labored most faithfully for ovi'r twenty
years, and an encjinry was made by the Hon. Mr.
Langevin, Minister of Puldic Works, tiironuh
his l)rother the ilisliop of U'imouski, who was
also in Rome, to know whether Bishop Tache
would 1)e willinu' to return. To this entjuiry His
Grace replied in the alhrmative, and on the
seventh a telt>gram was sent from Ottawa
gladly accepti'' r his services, and the Bishoji left
Rome as spt "ly as possible. Of his missimi
and its results we will speak further on. On the
ninth of January a numl)erof the prisoners wlm ,
had l)een captured at Dr. Schultz's house escaped
from the Hudson's Hay prison, which was out-
side of the Fort Clarry walls. Amongst these.
were Thomas Scott, Charles Mair and AV. T. ,
Hyinan. Althounh the night was inti'usely eohl
and stormy, Scott and Mair succeeded in making
good their escape to Portage la Prairie, but
Hyman lost his way, and, wandering on until
his feet were frozen, took refiiu in a house
whose owners informed Riel, and he was

• Tlio leailinff article which iiiiiieareil in the (irst issue was hemlcil
" Onr imlioy " ami ran as I'ullows : '' SimiethiiiK as to our polies' will lie
expeoteil t'niin ns in this nninlier. ami we proceed Iirlelly to deliiic mii
position- In common with the mnjority ot'this settlement we re^'iird the
Mmlson's May Company's tiovernmeiit asole .iicie, and never to lie rcsu--
eitated. Tin? I>oiniiiion tloveniment liy its eriniinal hlunders anil i:ri'ss
injustice to this peoiile have for ever iilienat(>d Ihem : and hy their
i'orl'eilure ot all riL'ht to oiir respect, will prcient iis in t'liliiro tVoin cillur
seekim; or perinitlin^ its proiection. The Imperial iHivernnienl we
cimsiiler to he too I'ar distant to inlelliizently adniiliistcr our atliiirs. Tlic
ipiestion arises (hen, what rorin'ol' llovi'riiment is hest ado|ited I'nr llic
dovelii|iment ol' this eimnlry'.' .And we reply, iinhesiiatinKly, that the
I'liiled States Uepnhlie olVers iis to-day thatsysleni ol'iiovernmenl which
would hest promote order and proirres.s in onr midst, and open up r.iiiidly
a eonntry ol' (najrnilicent resources, [hit in our present dependent pn-i-
tion, we eaniiot ohtain what we need in that direction, and heiiee we will
hohl it lo he our duty to advocate Independeiice for the people of Kci
Itiveras a present cure for ptihlie ills. Our aniiexalion to the Slates i\ill
follow ill lime, and lirliiK willi it the advaiitai,'es this land so iiiiicli
rei|iilies."

.speedily
more sec
where D
Seven of
recapturi
:!.-T.
j been nei

('ollllllissioiier

addrcs-c^ .■
I iiii>siiiecti:iL'
I A|i|i<iiiitiai'ii!
, iIcle;.Mle..

I see whet
' any terms
Smith in
heeii left
for it, and
iiii opporti
this I{iel
(lespati'hei
sioii of ihe
who was k
to speak 1*
away for h
(111 the a
dillii'ulty, a
he held on
should he
ai>po!iited n

' ''Oil Siiinhiy
I'liper l-'iirt Harry
line deerces lielnw
sillies, aiiii were w

■if 1 rsc. friKi

Within fiiiir day,
French iriianls."

t .Mr. Smith.

"The wellal
hiiiipencil. and, m
the paiiers friitu fi
eiirlity men. who i
when nil the eight
by Kiel and sonic
caliiia ti"ik iihe-e
nut he taken alivi
at hishcinl; and \
tiild to stand aside
iiccteil with his s|
whet' ok part inll
l-'rcnch lliilf-lireei
tlic party pn.eeuiU
id'leriiiiiiii, A few
.Mr. I'hiliaiili, I'oi-i
ami. vviih the exi
with whciiii I wa,« I

i ".Mr. Itiol c
theliaiiilsiif niun
111"! it had been h
i"U*l be relieved

(iOVHRX.MKNT OK SIR JOIl!^ VOUXd— TIIK RKI> RIVKI{ TIJOUIJLES.

117

btiiinod.*
L Rivorof

Kmmi"' nl liv,.

t was [\'\\
that the
inllut'iuo
whom he
V twenty !
Hon. Mr. !
, thvonah i
who was
lop Tache j
i(|uivy His ■
(I on th(> '
n Ottawa !
I'.ishoplelt
is mission
)n. On the |
muns wiio ,
se I'soapoil
I was ont-
U'st these,
nd W. T. ;
nsoly cold
hi making
livie, but
on until
a house
he was

■ policy will 1h'

y 111 ilcliiu' iiiir

\vc rct-'iii'ii tlu'

iM- 111 111' rc.-ii<-

iiU'r>^ iiinl ^'rll^?

mill liy llioir

|)i'(> li'Min citlier

ii\i'nimoiit wo

• riiHiiii-s. The

ll.iliioil liir llu'

|irii:ly.tli:il till'

nitm'nt uliiili j
||.i'n ii|i r.ijiiilly

rlu'lliU'Ml |iii.-i-

I liiMu'c ni' will
juMM-lc 111' Hi'il I

IHIil Sii llllli'll

speedily recaplunHl aiM l)Voug'ht back to the
move secure prison inside the Fort Garry walls,
where iJr. Sehultz and other.s were conlined.
.Seven of those who attempted to escape WH're
recaptured.*

:;.— To relurn to Mr. Smith: After he had
been nearlv lliree weeks in Fort (Jarry, Kiel
(■iiiimi-iiiiii^iiiiih approached him on the subject of
in '.-'-' m','vii;iL' his mission, and re lested to see

A iMtnii'iii 111' 1 ■ /. • ■ 1 1 1 i

iiiiiii,-.iii<. his I ommission, as he wanted to

see whethrr he iiad aiithority to oli'er or accept
Miiv terms from the French Half-breeds. Mr.
Sniilli iiilormed him that his Commission had
I been left at Ponbiiia, but olfered to send a friend
i for it, and other pai)ers, provided he was iriven '
] im opportunity of speaking to the jieople. To
j tiiis Kiel consoited, and the messenu'er was
I desi)at(hod ; but Jviel endeavored to get i)osses- '
j sioii (if till' papers before they reached Mr. Smith,
I who was ke])t a close prisoner, and not allowed
to speak to any one while his messenger was
away lor his papers.f '

On the arrival of th(> papers it was, after some
(lillicuity, agreed that a public meeting should
he held on the nineteenth, at which the papers
should be produced and read. J At the hour .
appointed upwards of one thousand persons had

* '-iiii SiiMiliiy iiik'lil liisl, twelve uf the |iiililii'!il |iri.<iiiuT,« cnnnncil in \
I'liPLM- I'lii-i (i.-Mi-y. iii.iilii ilicir I'sii.'iiio. 'Pho iiiirlii wms >i.|-y ciiM— rwiMity-

11111' iliiLTi'i's hi'liiw ziTu— I niiisl 111' llio iinrnrhiii;ilu iiu'ii wm-i' Kiiirlisli |

slmw. Mini Hi'i'c wiiliiiiil niilli'iis, iniilllcr^ or ii\ I'li-mils. Noiiriy nil were, i
111' I'liiir.'^o, fi'iisl iiitriMi iliiriiiK lln'ir run. twi or lliri-c vci-y li.nily so. j
Within I'liiir iliiys most of thi'in. we ln'licvi'. wcfe rtn'ii|ituici| by tin'
l''ii'iiili fiiMi'il-j." .\iir .\iii:„ii,\Mli J„iii„ir!h IsTii. I

t .'^If. Smith, in his I'ejtort. s^jiys ;—

"Till' well iill'ui'tej l''roii,'h inirty hoi-aino iiwiiro of wlnit liinl i
hii|i|'i'ni'il. nml, not liolii'vinK in liiel'.i Kmul t'nith, ili'tcnnincil to iirevont 1
llio jiiinors friim I'lillini.' into his hiunl.i. They (jot toKt'ihor some ,«i.\ty or
I'lk-lity iiii'ii. Willi mot my IViorul on hi.i wiiy liaok, iinil wiro osonrtiiiK liiin,
wiii'mm llioi'ightounth.nliiint ten niilos from the Fort. Hoy wore ai'i'iL-tPil
by Uiul nmlsoino of [un piirty, iiml by tho Key. .Mr. Hiihot. An iiltor-
ciitiiin lii.ik iiliii'c. Kiel iittomptoil to UiH' his pi.stol, .-iiyinit ' ho woiilil i
nut bo liikcn iilivc in hi.s own country,' on which ii revolver wns levollo 1
lit hishi'iul; iinil Mr. Uii'hot, hiivinif interposeil, he wiis n' 'eremoniou.sly i
tiilil to stiiiiil ii.iiilo iind ' not to intorfcrc .-iiiy further with milters iincon-
nccloil with his. spiritiiul iliities.' It nmy be well to note thill nil tlio.«o !
who t' Ilk imrt in the iitlii-. were Catholii's, .'iml, with one or two exceptions.
Ireii.h llalf-lirccils. Xoiliinj,- more serious liiiii|ioneil iit this lime, iiml
tlioi-ariy priioeeiloiltoK'ther to Fort (iiirry, whore they nrrivcil in the ;
allonioun. A few minutes before they untereil tho hmise, tho Very liev. !
.Mr. 'rbiliiiiilt, l>oru l.estnnc, iinii Colonel ile S.'ilnberr.v, eiilleil iijion me,
"ml. Willi tho exception of my Kiinril, tliey wore tho first inaivi.lniils
with wliiiin I wns permittcil to eonverso since the Uth."

i ".Mr. Kiel cniiio to ino siiyinK, ' Your Coniiiiission is hero— bill in
1 10 linmls uf luon who have no riiiht to hnvo It.' I exprosseil siitisfiiclion
Hint II linil boon broiiKhl in, lunl siiiil, • ileiiiu' now in possession of it, I '
must bo rolievoil from nil restraint, and bo permilloil freely l» com- ;|

assembled, and, .is there was no buildinii' large
enough to accommodate them, the meetinu' was
held in the open air, and lasted Uve hours,
although the thermometer was twenty dei^rees
below zero. A large proportion of the audience
were composed of l']nglish Half-breeds who came
inlhebeliefthattheCommissioiiers would a. once
insist on hoisting the British liau', and t he rehnxse
of the prisoners, whosecloseandcrowded (■online,
meiit was already inducine' sickness and di'Sease
amongst them. In tliis hope, howe\'er, they
were disappointed, tuid the time of tiie meeting
was mostly occujiied by frivolous objections
raised l)y Kiel and a reading of a portion of the
documents. With regard to hoistinu' the iiag,
Mr. Smith says : " At the commencement of the
meeting I requ(\sted the ("hairman and those
near him to I»eL!in by insistiiui' tiiat all arms
should be laid down, and (hat th(> llaii' then
Hying {/leiir tfe li^ and Shamrock) should be
replaced by the Ihitish ensiiiu. This they
thought would come better at an after-stage;
l)ut the opportunity of doing so now lost, never
recurred." Mr. Smitli nen-lects to state why he
himself did not renew the demand for the
hoisting of the British Hag and the release of
the prisoners. The reading of the papers,
Queen's Proclamation, &:c., not being completed
before night set in, the nu'cting was adjourned
until noon the next day, wiien even a larger
number was i)resent than on the previous day.

ninniente with the people.* He iitonce reinovoil tlie ^iniril. nnd we went
iiji to the party who Iiml. i list arrived. iMcssrs. Kid lunl O'llonohiic, with
a few of their friomls, were jiresent, iind vehemently proti'stod nmiinst
tho e.ction now beinp taken, wtiile the e.\ Couneiiors nci'iiscil tliein of
tronson to tho linperinl Crown, and of usiii^' every etl'orl to briim about
the aiino.Xiition of the eoutitiy to tlic United SInlos. Kiel replied, ' 'i'tint !
was only siipposiiiK the peoii'e dcsireo ,', but Ihiit he was w Mini-' the :
iiuestion should bo siibmitteil In tliL-in.* Cere I.cstaiie spoke warmly in
favour of the ' President,' who. he said, had m'led so a.s to merit llic |
Kratitudo of his I'inintrymcn, nnd be^,'(;ed them still to iibice conlidcnce j
in him. This evideii";.- Imd no cll'cct, iiml ullimnteiy. after a food d"al ,
of reeriminalion, it was arraimcd that a meeting' ot" llie inhaliitants, from i
■ill parts of tho Settlement, shmilil lie cilled lor the iiiiirr"W, the I'.nli. at \
wliicli the jiapcrs bcarin^r on llio subje.'t should be read, a Kuard of forty !
men reniainiiiK ii the hutisi' to ensure the snfc-kecpinir of thi! doeiinicnts.
" lliel's men «eio now falliiiK away I'nini him, while tho loyal parly
expressed their letermination no l"ni.'er ' . iie niiidcd in the matter either
by him or by IN -e l,ostaiii? and his n- oeiatos. They were lull of hope,
and eonlldoni that il;" followini; da' would briiiK with it complete .suco'iis
to theeanao of Caiinila.

" liiilo that niKlit IVro Lestanc paid them anolher visit, which was pro-
loiiKcd for sovernl hours beyond iiiidiiiKhl, and iie.xt iiiiirni"K it wns lound
that a ninjorily of those who had seceded from Kiel were ai-'ain on friendly
terms with bin,.''— /'/rfroc/ j'nmt tit imtf ",/ ihinulii A. Siuilli, A'17.

i^M

\'-^\

14-" ■ '■ 1

i -- • ■■ H

'«! ■:■>

rrTPT^

mmm

lis

Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

On the documents all boinu' read, Riel moved,
secondt'd l)y Mr. r>aniialyne, "That twenty
vcprcscntativos sh;ill he eli'itod by tlif lilniilish
population ol ivi'd U'ivor, to meet twenty other
representatives ol' (lie Freneii populatiim, on
Tuesday the :i'>th iiist., at noon, in the Court
House, with the object oi'eonsiderins? the subject
oi' Mr. Smiths Commission, and to decide what
would l)e best lor the well'are of the country."
Alter some slight objection to tiie mytion a.s
implyinii' a doubt ol' Mr. Smith's Couimission,
the motion was cairied. Many ol' those who '
had attended the meetint^- were pvizzled at the
Commissioners not insisting on an answer I'rom ;
Riel and his Council, as they alone represented
the insurgent element ; and many tlumght
they sa.w in IJiel's ))roposilir-a — secoiuled as it
was l)y Governor MacTavish's brother-in-law
(Bannatyne) — only a desire to s>aiii time, and
w^in over the English Ilall-breeds it' possible.

4. — Kiel's attention was momentarily diverted
I'rom the i)roposed meeting of the convention
by the escape from jnison, on
the night of Sunday, 2;?rd, of Dr.
Schuh/, the man of all his i)olitical prisoners
whom he most cordially hated, and whose
liberty he most fearcvl. A short time alter the
capture of the Doctor and his party, so great was
Kiel's tear of his making a dash on the guards
with the rest of the prisoners, that he ordered
Dr. Schultz to be placed in solitary confine-
ment, and strongly guarded. The i)risoners
had all waited through ^veeks of weary conline-
meiit lor th(^ arrival of the Commissioners, be-
lieving that their first act would be tln^ request
for the liberty of Lriti.sh subjects conlined with-
out cause ; and wht'u the mass meeting was
held under the very walls of this pri.son, with-
out the slightest indication of interest on the
part of the Commissioners for their release, all
hvipes ceased, and Dr. Schultz — who had lor
sonu' time suspected, from the whisi)ering of
the guaids, that the I'ale afterwards meted out '
to Scott was determined ui)on for him — resolved
to at temi>t escape. Sunday night lieing intensely
cold, with drifting snow, was chosen as likely to
enable him lo eimUf pursuit if once his prison

111- .Si'lnillz.

could be breached. A small gimlet and pen-
knife — which h.ad been conveyed to him by a
clever stratagem of his wife's and carefully se-
creted for weeks — ^enat)led the jirisoner, after
eight hours of labor, to make an openiiiir
through the faslenings, sulliciently large to
.squeeze his body, through, and his BuH'alo roiie
bed, cut into strips, was to ailord safe descent
into the inner court of the Fort. Unfortunately,
the Bull'alo roltc broke, injuring the prisoner's
leg by his too hasty descent to the icy path
beneath, and making th(> task of scaling ihe
Fort Garry wall, which he had still to accom-
pli.sh, a matter of much dillicuily. Throwing
himself, however, from the top of the outer w;ill,
near one of the bastions, he was fortuiniie
enough to be received in the kindly but cold
embrace of a snow drift, formed by the angle of
wall and ba.stion. Very lame from his fall from
the prison, he proceeded with halting steps
throimh the village of Winnipeu- to the friendly
Half-breed settlements to the North. Fortun-
ately the intense cold kept Kiel's Winniixii'
guard indoors, and tin- frosted windows showed
them no sign of the lame refugee whose loot-
steps wi're almost instantly covered i>y the
drifting snow, and who safely made his way t"
the Parish of Kildonan, and, about day-liuht
found help and shelter under the friendly ruef
of Mr. Robert McBeath. The morning reveal-
ing the escape of his principal prisoner, Kiel
immediately sent parties of horsemen in every
direction to ellect his recapture ; and, after
curiously scanning the opening made and the
nuH'alo robe, ]iroceeded to relieve his pent uii
wrath on the other ])risoners, who, judginu'
from the hubbub that Dr. Schultz's attempt had
been successful, were venting their satisfaction
in Joyous songs. To this K'iel put a hasty stop,
and, with many a malediction on the whole of
them, macb^ an example of a much respeeied
Half-breed, named William Ilallett, by iioninu-
him, hand and foot, and placing him in the pail
of the prison from which Dr. Schultz had es-
caped. * !

• Till' jVdi' Niiliiin ol' 2S(li .[iiimiiry. xivcn the I'lillowiiiK iiccijiint nl llii'
esni|iv III' l>r. ScliulU : " Tlit; iiiiliticitl iirimiiior. Dr. .ScliulU, iiiiiilc hi."

KiiKxni Umimii

(iOVKUX.MKN'r OK Sll{ .loIIN YOUN(J-TilK HKI) I{IVK1{ TKorHIiKS.

iin

.1. Tlio Couvfiitioii of Eiiiilish and FrtMich
1 (lolcuiitt's met ill Foil (Siiiry Couil Hoiiso on

M.-.-lmuut ('.,11-

\.'hrin|1.

; IliL'lil

.'.")lli .lanuiiiy, and iciiiaincd in
session, with an iidjourniiient of
two days, until 10th Fobruary. No huisiness wus
liiuisaeled on tlie livst day on aceouni of the
al)seiiee of throe of tlie French rneiulieis, Init
oil thi' second all the delegates were present,
and the election ol' ollicers took place. | .Indg'e
lilack was unanimously calleil to the Chair, and
Messrs. W C'oldwell and Lcmis Schmidt
aiipointed Secretaries ; Messrs. Louis !{eil and
.lames Ivoss agreeiim' to act as iiiter[>reters. On
the third day a Committee, consistiiuv oi' Messrs.
Tiiomas liiinii. James Ross, Dr. Bird, Louis
liiel, l.iOuis Schmidt, and Charles Noliii, was
appointed U^ draft a " Bill of Ixiuhts,"' which
was to i)e suhmilled to Mr. Smith, he having
agreed to examine it, rdid state how far, in his
(ipiiiion, the Ciovernment of Canada would be
disposed to ijraiit ine demands made. TJh"
("omniittee reported the Bill ol UMghts on tho
iJfMh, and it was taken up, clause by clause, and

e.'i-.'M'C rr"iii l-'url (lurry un Smnl;ty iiinlit lji>t. I( u|'i><':irs tin' I»uctnr w:is
iiiiifiiiv.l ill nil iipiicr niniii (if dill' 111' ihr liiiililiiii;.'< at Ihi' Knrl, clii.^i'Iy iit-
h'li.li'.l liy ii jriiaril. On tho oM'iiinis in •ini'stidii lu' ri'i|iir>lnil tlip uiiiiril
Inrt'iire ri'iiiii llii' riiiiiii wliil.sl hi' c'liiiiii.'cii his I'lnilic.-. Thi' iriiiinl liriiiit
Kt'iic the Ii.irtiir rut his rnlir iiiin >irii>s. ninl hiiviiiK liy smiio iiu-jiti-s prn-
I'liri'il a lariri' ijiiiiii'l whii'h hr iiiscrlcil in Ihi' wall lii'lmvllii' niiiilnw

sill, h.' laslciii'il till' liiii' 111 it ami li't liiiiiM'H ilnwii In thi' iin 1. Twii

>liiiiii:i' '•illlcls HfiT si'iMUlhuiit till' I'lirl hill' ill tin' iiiiihl . wliii'h Iraii tii
till' -Miipiisiliiiii that his I'Si'iiiui was PllVi'Iril with llii' kniMvh'iliii' nl' snnii'
■ iiltsiih' imrlii's. Ih' this iis it may, i-iTtaili it is that lln' iTilmilitahli'
liii tiir is iiiit'i' iiiniT KiijoyiiiK his iliiily ratimis. witli.int haviiiK his pnia-
liii'i in-iilu'il hy a liayiiiift.aiul is iii'nnilli '1 tin- luxury "C n I'h'aii shirt-
r.illai- nilliMiil Ihi' i-rri'iniiny nraii I'xaiiiiiiatioii I'ur li'lli'i-s in i'i|ihi'r."
' I'hi' liilhraiiiK is a list of the niiMnh<ii'.s nf Hio Ciinyontii'n : —

KiiKMrii Kkimik.skntativks.

I 'M Tliihcrt.

!s|. I'.'llli's .Ah'X. I'niri'O.

r .M:n|iipr Hrstoii

St.rniiii'nis.Xaviorii^.'^'i'-'' I,';"?''''-
/ riyrro 1 ultras

\ A. Mi'Kuy.
(.1. I', tiiaiit
I W.H.O'Duni.hiii'
; A. Ijiiiiiiio.
1 .1..S (ii'ntun.
I I;Oiiis Si'hiiiiilt.
S Ijiuiis Hicil.
( A. Ki'aui'hiuuiii.
^ I*. PiirontiMin
. ,iV. I.Mniiiiihi'
I H. TuH run.
\ liiiiiis l.nsi'orlc.
I I'. Ki'liirnii.'.
\ I'rs. \iiliii.
■ (C. N.'liii.
I't. A. (Iruiiotlc. (leii. Klyno.

St. ''Iiailos.. .

St, I'miiil'aiM'. .

St. Viilal

St. Xiirhi'rt ..

I'liilit C.iiii'i'i'.
llak I'l.iiit...

Kniii.ish IU:i'|ikj<knt.\tivk.s.

... ,, . . S It v.II Ci'iihrano

•^t- ' «'<"f •■' ri'h"s.Si„'niv.

,,, . s 'riiuiiiits li'inii.

St. ( loincnl s , Ali'x.,Mi'Ki'ii7.io.

h 'liiiltfo lilack.
St. Aiiilri'w's . . •, l> (iiiiin Sr.

/ /\irii-il lii.yil.

St. I'aiil's I'r. Hint.

,.., , \ .Inhii l'rn7.i)r.

Ki"''"'"" (.IniiSiithcrlaml.

St. Mihn's liiinos Hi'ss.

^., , . S lion. Kiel I

St. .lamps ... > |i„,„ -r,,!,.

,, , . , S.liihii Taylor.

Ilea limiily .... j «-. 1.mii.s,|h|u.

SI Mary's K. MiKi'n/iii.

St. MaiKaiets' W. CiimininK.s

St. .vtin's ^'v''^; """"■

( II. Siiunci).
WinniiH'K AU'roil II. Scntt.

discussed with ureat elaborateness until the
lil'th, wluMi it was liiitilly adopted, and the Con-
vention adjourned until oneoClock on Moiuhiy,
7th, when Mr. Smith was expected to give Ins
answers to the demands of the Uill. the Sec-
retaries having l)eeii instructed to furnish him
with a copy by eleven oclock on Monday
morning.* At the time appointed Mr. Smith

* Tlio rulliiniiiK i.s a I'lipy ul tln' Hill 'it lii'.ih|s. luiri'thir with .Mr.
Smith's ri'iilius, n.H nivon liy him in his rcimrl :
•• M.sr OF llUJiri'S. "

'* I. 'I'liiit ill \ irw lit" Ihi' iirosi'iit oxiM'iitiiuial imsitinii lit' till' Xnrth-
Wost, iliiiii's 11)11111 ifiiiiils imiiorti'il into tin- I'lmnlrv. shall I'liiiiiiiin. as at
lircsi'iil (cxi'i'iit in tin' rasr nl'si'lriliinii- liciiiMi-i fur ihri'i' M'ars. anil lur
sni'h Inrflirr tiiiir as ma>- rlipsi' iiuiil tlirro hi' iniiiiti>rriiiiti'il niili-iiinl
I'oniniiiiiiratinii hi'twi'i'ii lU'il lti\i'r Si'ltU'ini'iit iiiiil St. Paul, iind also
strain I'Minmiiiiirjitiiin hiUwrni Hi'il lti\i>i' .Si'ttlt'ini'iiLaiiil Laki' Sii|>i'riiir.

L'. .As Iiimr as this rnnntrx' rrmains ii 'I'i'rriliii>' in the l)iiiniiiiiin iit'
Camilla, tlirro shall hi* nn ilirt-i't ta.Miiiun i'\ri'|it siirli as may ho iin|iii!ieil
liy till' l.iu'jil 1,1'uislatiirt' I'nr .Miiniripal nr ntlii'r Lm-ai iiiiri'itsi'..-,

'A. Iliirinir tho tiino this I'nuntr.^' romaiiis a 'I'l'rrilnry in tho hnniininn ol
Caiiiiila. all iiiilitiir.\ , i-i\ il. iiiiil uthor imlilii- i>\|ioiisi's in rnniii'i'liiin with
tho jronoral i:in ornniont ut tho i'iiiiiitr\. or tli.il liavo liilhort" Imtii
hiirno liy tho lulhlio t'lunis nf tho Sotf lomoiit, hoyuml tho roi'oipt ft' tho
iibovo montiniioil iliitios. stiiill In mot hy tho li.imiiiiitn iit'tvanaila.

I. That wliilo tho luirilon nt'imhlii' I'vponsi' in this omintry is Imriio hy
Camilla, tho onniitry ho ifiiM'rnoi] nmlor ii l.ioii.onant-iioM'rnor troiii
Camilla, and a lionishilnro, tliroo mi-niliors ul' wlinin hoiiiix lioads of
ilo|iartmoiits of tho (iuvoniinoiit. sluill iio iioiiiiniiii-il li\ tho (invornnr
(ionoral of ('amiilii.

.I. 'fhal aftor tho o\|iii.ili.iii of this .'xoi'iilinual iioriml' iho I'lnintry
hIiiiII Iio i,'iivoriioi|. as rou'iii'ils its looal alVairs. as tho ■■rii\ iiioos ol Oniariu
anil t^iolioo aro now k'o\ornoil. hy a j.i rislatiiro olootod hy tho iii'mjiIo,
mill a Ministry ros|ioiisih|i' in it, iiiiiloi a l.iotili'iiant-ihivonior aiit<oiiitoil
hy tho (inM'rnor tJonoral ol'Canaihi.

ti. That tlioro .-hall hi' no inlorl'oronoo hy Iho homiiiion Piirliamont in

tho 1.1 1 alhiirs of this 'rorritmy olhor than is hIIohoiI in .iiy of Iho

Provinoos in iliu Confoiloratioii : iiml thai this 'I'oi'ritnry sliaP imvo ami
onjoy in all ros|ioots, tho sami- |iri\ iloKos, ail\ antacos ami aiils lu mooting
tho iiiihlio ex|ionsos of thim 'I'orritory as tho Cnnli'iloratoil Provinoos have
anil onjii.\'.

7. That whilo tho Norlh-Wost romains a Torril"iy. tho I,oi;isla i Imvo
!i ri^rllt In puss all laws looal to iho 'frrrilnry, n\ or tho \otn nf tlio i. ■.!-
toliant (in\oninr, hy a Iwn-Ihiril \nti'.

^. .\ Hninosloail mill Pro-oinplinn Law.

1'. That whilo tliu .'\'iirIli-\\'os! roinains ii Torritory, tho sum nf ^li'i.lHKl
(tn'oiity-livo Ihoiisanil ilollais) a .\oiir ho apiirnprialo'l lor .-ilmnls. roails
ami hriiliros.

111. 'I'hnt all piihlio hiiililinus ho tit tho onst nf the Itoiniiiion Troasliry.

II. 'I'iial Ilioro shall ho miaraiitooil niiilitonuptoil stoatn oniiiniiinioii-
liniitn Liko Siiporinr willi'n livo yoars, timl also tho ostalilishmonl hy
rail nfa oniu.i'iiinii with tho .\inorioiin niihv.iy as soon as it roaohos tho
Intormitioiial lino.

\'2. That tho Mnvtlish iiinl l-'ronoh lall^nla^'os ho oonimoii in tho T.oirisla-
tin*'* ami CiMirts, niul lliat all piihlio iloi-iimoiils ami .\rts of tho l.o^'isla-
tiiro ho piihlishoil in hnlll laiiKiuiROS.

l.'l. Thai thO'lnili;o of llio Siiproino C -I spo.ik tho I'rom'li .-iml liiiBlisli

laIl^'na^:os

II. 'I'hal tii'iilii's ho oniioliiiloil iioiw.'on Iho lininiiiinii ami ilosoveral
Imliaii trihos of tho oniinti-y, as snon as pns>ihlo.

h'l. 'I'hat until tlio popiili.tioii -.f tlio oniiiilry onlillos us in nioio. uo
hiivo four roprosoiiIati\i's in tho Ca nail iaii Pailiamoiil -niio in tlio Soiiato
anil throo in tho l,outs't.ili\i' Assoinhly.

lii. That all prnporfios, riKlits iimt pri\i!oKis. as hithortn on.inyoil li> ns,
ho rospooloil ami tiio ri'i-n^'iiilion ami arraiiKomont of Inoiil oiislnnis,
iisatros ami pi-i\ iloKos. ho iiiaito iimlorlho i-ontrnl ofiho Looal I,oi.nshilnro.

17. Tlnit tlio l/ooiil l.oi/isliitiiro of this Torritnry Imvo full onntrnl of all
tho imlilio liiml iiisi.lo ii oiroiimforonoo, liaviiiK rpiiur Kurt li'irrvas the

l-'O

'IMITTM'.S MISTOKY (W 'VUK MOMIMON' OP' CaXADA.

■~1

no
go

lIK'llt.

IS spcril), ;is ri'pnllcd

ill llli

kfW

I I

i\r his reply Id till' " liill ol' I>'i<>-Ii(s" (nci- Ini.t- Niilion. noiioliwlcd as IoIIowh :* " I have now —
Ic), and cDiicliKlfd hv invilini:- dclc^alcs to on (lie |>arl ol' (lie Doiiiiiiion ( loviTiiiirn'iil and
to Ottawa, ami consult willi tlic (lovi-in-, us autlii>iiz('d l>v thcni - li; invilc llu' dtdcualioii

oriiic icsidt'iilsol' Itt'd iiiviT to inot't and conl'iT
with llifiii at ()tta\"i a dclt'n'ation ol' two or
iiioi ol' tln' ri'sidcnis ol Red ijivcr-as tlicy
may think hi'st — tlir dclciiatioii to <(Hirrr \\ ilh
llic (io\ "'iiimi'iit ami Ij>'nislatiin', and ('xpi.iiii
llic wants and wishes ol' tin' \l^'i\ Uiver iieopir,

lM>lltl'i>< mill llilll llir riulii

' III

IH I'irrlllllll'll'lli

' Ihr Ircr III mill'

lltiil IIm' Viitci'ii'iiii liiuM^ iti.^tiihl liuiii l<'iii'| (ijiri'.x.
|K. Thill i"\iT> iiiiiii ill llli?* rniiiitry (i-xri'i't mil'
IiiilliiMKi nliii lia.x iillniiii'il I In' iiifi' iil I wi'iily niii' vi'iii"'. iiml i'M'I.v llrilii-li
t*iitiirfl, a .-liMiiL'iT III this 'rnritury. uhu has ri>-i'lr<t lliri-i- >i'ar> in llii>
i-niinlry, iii

ill/I'll mill iiiisi'llli'il
.1

111' II iiii'iiilit-r (•
liliiiiiMi I'aili:

hiMiM'lMilih'i, shall haM' a rixlil In miIi- al ll h'l'lliiii

till' Li'L'i-hilill'r

III' till

iiiiiitry a

iiii'Mt ; ai

.1
hji'i'l. will' li,i~ I'l'^i'li-'l tho

■\i'r.\- ton

i^'II Slllljl'l't, "itlli

ml ill Ihi' III'
Iti'ilisli

III' li'DUth mI' tilllr

• iliili-\', anil is a

rhiililcr. shall havr I ho Siiiiii- riifhl ti> \nti'

I Ihi

■iiiiilitiiin III his liikiiii;

till th III allt

riaiii-f it hi'intf iiri

iili'l's I (hat ll

hi' hi'lil lialili'lii

atni'ililllii'iit r.\i'lil>ivi'l.\' hy till' liiM-al la'^'ishltlll'
I'.i 'I'll ll thi' Niirth Wi'st ri'ii'il'.iy shall iii'i
lairtiiiiiii'thi' l..'ti«i.iH>i|i.Mi| In till' Ilii'Isnn'- liay I'miiiia
liiirtinll 11 ' till' inilitir ih'hl III' I'aiia'la, iiM il stanils at tin' lint

as well as to discuss and ananyc I'oi' the rcpii'

si'iilation ol' tJK'conntry in Parliauiont. On tin

nil iiiiii'siitiii'i't III {' part ol' tlieOovfinnii'iit I am autlioriscd to oil

a \'i'ry coi'dial rcceiilion

I he dt'lf^ratos \\\

ll.^ . Ill' till' any

till' 1 iiiili li-ratiii

III il. III

rfi'altl'r ivi

asMllnr iitli

shl

I ihi'iiil jiiiliiii' 'h'iit. HI'

Ihtil wi' lil'st III' alliiv.i'il thr aliiiitlnl tiir wliirli wr shall he lii'hl lialilc.

'I'llli Inri'jfiiilKX

7tli,iiiiil I was
whii'h I iliil.

iliii iilili'iit was jiitl iiitii in\' lianils at II a.ln., I'l'liriiiiry
itivili'il III iiiiii'l till' |li'li':zatiH al I |i.lii., till' saiiii' ilay,
II, as ('unailiiinrniitiiiissiiiiirr, ri'iilii'il as I'nlhiws ; —
iitiiiii has airraily hail ll

III Ih

I. •• With ri'wii'il t 1 thi' lirst arlii-ii', thr Ci
iilnniiiiiii'aliiili In 'hi' rlVi'i'l that llii' Ilniiiiniini liuMTnini'iil hail innv iilnl
ly OiiliT in rmini'l I'm' tin iitiniianri' uf Ihi' nri'si'iil larill'nritiilii's in

Mil' 'ri'rritiir,\ I'm' al Irast tv

ill's ; aiiit I I'l'i'I I

iMi'iil will hi' in'i'iK'i'i'il III rui'iiiiiiiirnil In I'ai'hainriit siti'li iin'asiiri'sas will

iiu'i'I llir \ ii'Hs lit thr Ciiini'iitiiin,

'll in Ihi'

iilanil.'lril 1 hi'lii'M' thr !'.■

I'arliaiiii'iil ,ii ini'rl Ihi'

i-\l:* i>r till' I'liiiM'ntiiiii anil Ihi'ir Cniislitii

111 ri's|ii''

III 111!

rlii'h'

nil rill' Canailiali liiiviTiillii'iil as.

may he sent ri'oin this country to Canada. 1

,, |„. ,.„||,,,i I, I niysell I'eel every ronlidence that the result will

lit nniy .111 .'i.niiiti.in ! ),^, ^m-l, ii.s\vill he entirely salisraetory to lln'
people of the North-West, it is, I know, I In:
desire of the Canadian (Jovernnient that il
should he so."

(!. — On l!ie eiiihth thequestion ol'sendinu' ilie
deleii'ales was taken up by the Convention ; Itui
it was soon i'ound that th's was
inlouled to involve more than
at lirst ajipeared, lor liitd. Uoss,

'll Ihat Ihi'liiivi'i

llii'h'

\ I'lnlilrnl will ask llir Itiiniin

I'lstilhlisliiili'Mt "I till
" l'r'i\ isinnai

11' .\isln

ill I Ihi III

nil' III till'

I'lTil'ii'y 111 I'l'snt'Ot til itiallt'l's

111' their ih'siii' I nsiill

.'ili'il

Hill till' (*mii|iiisillmi 111' lilt' liiiral la'u'islaturr. anil nl' llii'ir intnili' n In
I'li'i'l I't hast twii-lhilils iit'lhi' Ciinmil Innii .iiiii.iii.' Ill

Ciiiiiu'it W'lillil lia\i' ri'lii'l"

I'li'il

III thi' l.i'st

III.' Ill'

iil.'l.ls.

|inii'i-i-itin^' in itn

illli'lln; till' I'h'rlivr |il'illi'i|ih'. ahil Parlialiii'lil ixnllhl lln'll llavii In
aski'il III III

I'Jili. 'I'hi' will illii|lli'-(iiilialil\' III' iniiviili'il till'.

I.'.th. 'I'l

11' ansHI'l' KIVI'll

III .Nil. 1'-'

ill apply i-i|inilly lirrr.

1 nil. I'lillv alivi' III till' III

an .\i'l nil till

lilijri't , till' (HiMTlillirlit lanint:

si'lllc sili'h a lii.ilirr wi

Ih.int

A.'t. Ill

ariliu this ii

lilinil, I .III

hi'sital.' 1.1 "ivi' it a.- niy "iiininii that Ihi' liiiinininii iJiimtiii

Parliiii'.n'iit III pr.i\
I'l'liiiiins a Ti'iiitiiry

a lilii'i'.il (iiix iTiiiiii'iil r.ir

111!

nut
III w ill ask
iiiinli'y wliili' il

.Mh. I hi

' till! Illiisl r.\|iliiit i

illali.'.' ti'.Hii till' ('alia. Hall ( i.iM'rniiii'lit

thai siii'li will liii till' i-asi'.
(i(li. I'm' (his tliii llmiiini.iii (i

>\ .'i-nni.'iil M ill pr.>\ i

lilii'i'.'.l

incil.

Till. This allirli' Inilil-'s up sniiii'

ii|i<lililliiilial

lisiili'iati'

lint tail til tak.
sh

sitv 111' this, llir hiiiiiiiiini
th till

I'arl

iaiili'iit u III

ily ii|i|iiirliiiiit.\ .if .IraliiiK with till' inalti'i'. in ..r'i.r

I.I I'MiiiKiiisli III an I'. pill

'll!

till' I'lailiis iit'tlli' hliliali.'

I tliiil

I'tlh'

iiy iililain I'li'iir an.t iii.lis|iiilalilr litl.'s.

l.-.lh. Thi'Ci

invrntinii w'

11 lint I'Vpi'.l 1(11' I.I spl'llk ili'linili'ly as In lln

iihi

'I'l'pl'i'Si'lltalivi's III ill

i.ti'.l I.I Ihi' li'iiilmy, Inn 1 1

Hint Ihi' I'il'i'iiliislanri's anil l'i'i|i(il'i'liii'nls nl' tin' r.nintiy will I"' Inllv a i.l

lihi'ially

si.li'ci'.l ill ilralinu with Ihi.s (iia(((M'.

llilll. (In Ihi' pall III' llio I'anailiiiii II

out, as wi'll a.s nl II. r

.■Mujo

Kcjirrsi'iitatixi' ill llritish Nnrlli .Anioririi, an

ll 111:

sii as .'iinniit

'iliaU'ly ll till' Snvrr

i'i'i;;ii, assnrani

hllM' hi'i'll fivi'll 1.1 all lli.il

whii'li it w.iiihl hi' pri'siKiipli 1 iii.v iiail.w.'ro I In .Inal -tiinniarily. I, ihi. piu|,i'i't ii'-, i iulils ami priul.'t;.'s liil lii'il.i I'li.in.M'.l liy tin' | pli'nllln

lint, I will n-pi'.il iii'i-l ili-liiii'ily, Ihat Iho llmiiiiiinii li.ivoriiiiii'iit will i 'I'l.iiii,

mill III' IT

rti'.l. ami I I'.'.'l siiii' ihal till' I i.niiini.in ll

pay (he nliiii

A ill'li'I'I'll.'l' In 111)

shi

III' Ihi' Ci

iivi'iitiiiii, as ri'i?arils this

mil all nllii'i' inatti'i's in .'.iii'n.'ti.in with Ilio llnvi'iniiii'iil i I Ihi'

' thai Ihr .h'.'i-inll aril

■'1 al wi

11 Ii.

tiiinlry,

I'pl.lhlo

III will .'miliih' In 111,' l.iii'iil la
III nl'lii.'al

sl.iliiri' till' ri

i-.i^'liitinn ali.l airaiiv

mill I hiivo lull I li.h'

lO till' pi'.iplo.

Sih. I liaM' hi'i'ii iiisti'iirl.'.l li> Ihr Ciinailiaii (iiiv.'riinu'iit--ln tiitiko
kiinwii tn till' I I .riirilii'S.'llh'iii.'iil that all iii'iipi'iiy hchl liy rr-iili'iiLs

'llsliilus. IIS.'U.'S,

17th. .My kiinwli'ili-'i' III' th.'.'

ml pllMU'K.'S.

iiiilrx' ami III till

xli'llt In whii'h till'

III piai'i'ii

hlo p.

ssi'ssniii wil

I III' so. 'III'. '.1 In IholU

III that a linisl lihol'iil

liiinl piilioy in roirai-il In Ih" I'liliiro Si'ttloiui'iil nl' Iho .'.iiiiilry will In

(iihipto.l,
bolii

tr ix

.'r.\' prixilru'i' ill
t.'iiilo.l I.l th.' 'I'l'i'iil

Ihi'

r.'s|ii'i't I'lij.M'

in Onlari.i

■ Qii.'hi

I'.'ssi.in lii'li
■ 110 In ^'ivi' II

ilosiii'il iiiiKliI all'oi'i imlilii' nnrks, .V.'., is t.i.i liiiiitoil l.i pniiiil

ny ih'i'iili'

iiplniiiii III

11 till

.iilij.'.'t I'ni'lhor than Ilia' lull .ii"!

iil.l'

that

silhslaiilial .iiisli.-t' will ho ilmio ill I ho mill I or.

Isih. Wilhmil oiiiorinK iiitn Iho ilotiiils nl Iho aili.'h', I '
tlio ri'au.'hios will ho siia.ljllstoil lis In ho satisl'iii'lnry In Ih.' piililio. hntll
lull i\ o ami iiii.,:iu'i'iiiit, iin.l in a man nor oi.mlii.'iv o In Iho Konoral wolt.-ir.'.

IMli. I t'.'ol oorlain that an iiiiiinint ov.

ink' that In ri- iii.'iiti.inoil.

'ill ho apprni

iitoil hir III.

pnrpnso

i li'lorn'.l I.l

I'.lth. .My hi'liolis. dial III.' I'aii.'..|i,

li.iv .'I tllll.'llt hi

lilonli

iiiip.isiiiK mi
t.'IIKI.IHHI, mil

Iho Nmlli Wost I'l

rril.irylhi' jiayiiioiit it'aii.\ pmli.iii nl in

I I h

iivo uiii.'h .'nntiilonoo thai tlioy will In

I'llh. 1 oun saloly prmniso ihiil Iho llmii

ill! (iiiM-niin.'iit will ih-ri-

oiy li'spool, hy wiso ami iiisl

that ill ai'rmik'iii»;

I not unto. I i
I'm- Iho.li'

Iho onsl nl'iill Iho piililii' linihliin.'- roipiiioil tm- Ih.' tri'iioral Imsiiioss nl' i li'ihiitimi nl Iho inihlio ih'lil nl' I'aiia.la, Iho .\.irlli-\Vosl 'I'oii'ilnry will in't

Iho'l'i rrilnry.
Iltli 1 lln mil ho-itato In i^iM' this iissnrani

'lln

ik.'

ilho l,ako

Sujioi'inr rmiti'

' |.' ll liiiM' hooii pi'titfi'ossiiDf jioliM'ly siiioo till' oarly part

ill hist siiiiiinor. i>ill ilniihtloss ho

ph'ti'.l

liin.'h wi

thin Iho tilll

jipo.'l

lio.i. .\s I.l lln

laihTjiy III

oiiihina.slnii'lly al'tor Iho A

ilol'ioali lllio

olios that piiiiit, il will oi'i'liiiiily ho oiiriioil nut.

hu lii'lil liahlo I'm- iiii\ lliiiiK il niiKiit tint to hoar; in slim'l, that In
ill .'V.'r>' 'll lior part ii'ular, sitlistalilial Jiislioo will ho ilmio.'

• .Ml. Smilh. in li

IS ropiirt, sii.vs

as ropinl.'.l in lliii .V. a' .V.iO'.

--" Tlio prnooi'iliims III' llio i'.iiimii
I' Iho mil ami Hill I'.'li

iii'wspap.'r .

ruiiiy' oiipios

ll' whii'h I havo hail Iho lin

III a. hi

lossiiiK I.. >.iii. ari'

iillioioiilly o.Miot, mill roll. lor il uniiooossitry I'nr iiio In k'i iiiln ilolails.'

ill- I

'"I !.!■;. r.iiis OK

f'Kl'IIK't'AtlV iir .''
•\H'-l.sr.\M-SKl'lll.
i^K' IlKrAllV UK Ti

COVKIf.NMKNT ol" SIR .lollN VoCNd TIIK ItKH l.'IVKi; II.M tllM.Ms

121

()'I)(inoluu' and othors niucd (hut it was iu'cch-
snrv to rc'iit!iii/<' mul rc-ovi'-iini/i' the I'rovi-
.-iidKil (iovrniiiiriil l>-'l(n<' llii- (Ii'lt'giilcs wcrc
;inii(iiiili'(l This \v:is r.illicr iiiorc tliiiii tlic
IJiLilisli ilrl.'yiitcs li;ul l),irii:iiiic'(l lor, ;iiul tln-y
(•inilciidi'd lliiil they had not I lie powiT to vote
(III ilial (Hicstioii without lirst consult iiiu; llicir
roiistiiui'uts, holdin!4' that the Hudson's IJay
('(iiiii>aiiy was tho only li'irai CJovcniniciit in
(lic( ouiitiy until (he transrcrhad hci .. made. A
loii'j ;ind aniinatcd dclmlc ciisui'd, and two ol'
thr (Irlc^atcs, Mi'ssrs. Suthi'i'lund and Frascr,
witlidi't'W' to consult with GoviTiior MacTavish.
(Ill ii-i iilcriny lilt' t'onvcntion, Mr. Sixthcrlaud
s;ii(l ; • In order to clear away uiy own doubts,
1 wcp' with Mr. Fraser to see Governor Mac-
Ta\ isli. I asked his opinion as to the advisability
of lorniiny a Provisional (lovernment. He
rei>lii'd, • l-'orni a CJovernnient lor God's sake,
and re.s|oi(> pi'aceaud order in the settlement.' "
Tills reply of the Governor's had consideralile
iiillueiici' on (he Knii'lish deleuat.es, and, after
SDiiir lurtiier debate it was ■ ^reed to ai>i)oint a
Coiuiiiiiiee " (o disoixss and decide on the I)asi8
iiiul details of the Provisional GoviMnmcni
which we have agreed is to be formed lor
liiipert's Land and the North West Territory."
Tins Committee reported at tln' evening session
(iriliriiiudi. recommending a Council of twenty-
lour liiembers, twelve i-'rench aiul twelve
Kiiulish, arid suggesting the names of can<lidates
lor all the olUcers except President. This was
altorwanls lilh>d up by the nomination of Kiel,
and alter some discussicm the report was
adopted. The following is a list of the odicers
so elcclcd ;

l'in:siiiK\ r I,ouin liifl.

.Ii IHIK iiK Sri'iM-.'.MK Till i:t hiiiH'S lioss.

SiiKiiiKK Ilciiiv MrKcniiv.

CiMiiiNKii Dr. I'.ird.

('•iMM.VSTKIl-liKNKII.M A. (i . 15. HHiiniilviir.

. .loliii Kiithi'riiuul.
CiiM.Kc runs OK CisroMs v ,, n ..i„.

f'MiiKiAiiv okSi'atk 'I'liiimiis liiiim.

■Ns^imam-Skchkt.mo' ok Siaik l.oiiln Si liliiiilt.

f>K' IIKIAUY UK TEIK 'I'UKASniV \V. B. O'UoMollllC.

The lY'w NdlioH in announeinu' these elec-
tions, says : " The conlirmation of Louis Kiel as

President of the Provisional Government of
K'lipert's I.,aiid by the ( 'oii\ eution.was announced
amid salvos of arlillery from Ihc j-'ort, antl
the cheers of the (li'li'gM(es Thi' tow n wtdcomed
the aiiuouucenient by a eraud display o|' lire
works and tiu' general and coulimied discharge
of small arms. The liriiig nnd cheerinii' were
prolonged until late in tin- night, everyone
joininu- in (he general eiitluisi;ism. As (he
result of (he amicable union ol all parties upon
one common platform, a '.veneral amiiesly to
political prisoners will shortly be lu'oclaimed,
the soldiers renumded to their honu's to await
orders, and everything be placed upon a peace
footing. Vive In Iti/uih/ii/nr"

7, — After the adopdonof tile repor( ap| "inting
olRcers of the Provisional ( !o\ einmi'nt, K'iel or-
dered that Governor MacTavish, ^^ ,„,, ,|.

Dr. Cowan and Mr, llannatyne, 'M'W'1'-|"<'""h.i.i.
who had been prisoners (:") should be given
full liberty and i)romised that ail the prisoners
should shortly be relensed. On the tenth
a ballot was taken lor del(>ga(es to Canada, and
resulted in the election of Kev. M. liii hot. Judge
Black and Alfred 11. Scott, the only objection
beiuii' to the latter, as it was uriivd that at least
one half-breed should be in the dtdegalion. In
dismissing the Convention, liiel math' a charac-
teristic speech, in concluding which he said :
" The lirst Provisional Gi>vernment assuuu^s
the full responsibility lor all its ac(s. As to the
pri.soners, I not only repeat to you the assur-
ance I uave yesterday, but will at once j^iate
that all the pri.soners are to be released— some
in one way and .some in another. A few will
have to leave the country, as men con.sidered
dangenms to the i>ul)lic peace, if left here at
large. IJut the hardships in their case will not
be very great as they are single men. ( )ne other,
William llallett, will be released, after giving
full giuirantees. In resi)ect to Dr. Schultz, the
position is this — he is exiled forever, and if'
found in the country, is liable to be shot. All i
his property, also, is coniis'„ated. lUit here
again, 1 would remind the c'onvention that tuo
lirst Provisional Goveruiiient assumes all the
res])ousibility of these acts. For the support of

'i|i m

<h.i

-'f

I fc' ■ I

TI'TTIiK'S IIISTOUV oK'llir Mo.MIN'loN Ol" ( AVA l>A.

(he IMCSclll (lOVflllllli'llI I would rilvllliTSiiy lllill
it is ,'il ItMsl iIi'siniMf iiiid I should n'(|ut'.st it —
(hilt il' iiuyoMc sci's Si liult/ in thi' couiilry, h"
should rcpoil. il. Mr. A. Lrpiin' will iimcIv)'
ordiT.s (() MdiriiniMlcr tlio Oiith of allcyiiiucc lo
I ho prisoMcis who arc to he rt jcaHi'd, uh he i,s
ill chiir'^c ot tho l''orl. As lor Sihult/, as I said,
his i^oods arc conliscalcd ; and in this way sonic
of ihosc to whom he is iiuh-htcd will he pro-
vided lor.'"

H. — llaviiiif tuicomplishi'd his purpose ol'
jrettini'- the eiidorseincnt ot the liimlish llall-
TimriHiiiK III Kii hreeds lo his Provisional ( Jovern-

iliiimii. Hi'limni' 111' II- 1

iiioiTiHimiiN mcnt. Kiel was not in a hurry to

keep his promise with regard to releasing' the
l)ris()iiers, allhouiih a lew of Ihcm were i;ivcii
their lihcrty.* This delay, and the harsli
measures adopted towards Dr. Schultz, made the
jieople ol' the I']n!r|ish parishes henin to tear that
ivici <lid iiol mean to keep t'aith with them, and
that more opi>ressive measures mifi^ht he adopted
towards the lemaininif prisoners, many ol' whom
were known to he siiH'eriiin' from scur\ y and
other diseases, caused hy the I'ctid air ol' the
I'lowch^d rooms in which they were |)eniied,
without lire, althou<rh Ihc winter was \ cry
severe, ami the thermometer rrcijuciitly ran<j^cd
I'rom twenty to thirty de<rrceH hclow zero. The
suH'eriiitis ol' these uiilortiiiiale men durinu' their
(•onlinemeiit was most intense, and many ol'
them contracted diseases from which they nevin'
fully recovered. I As lime passed, without RicI
riillillin^- his promise to release the prisoners, or

•lliiil |ir Hi'l ili.il 111! Iliii iniHoniTH Hliiiiihl -imii \»- rdi'iisod. Oii llii-

llllt iiiiil I2tli ^i\ or t'itrlil hI' iIii'im vviiri' .-^I't at lilicrty, miil l>r. Cowiiti wits
ilir<>riiii-(l ill m.v I'ti'^i'iHir. Ihiil 11." Ilii'.v witc nil In In' (lis<<|,i,rKi>il witlimil ;
• Irliiy, llip riioiii^ llii'.v liiiil iicMipii'ij wiiiijil lie pIiiimmI iiI liii^ iliHtm-u] ill ii
illiv irl- livii. K.rlniil li'im niifirl <il It. y1 . Smitli, /■-'«.;•

t 'I'll KIM' l*"IIH* i'll'll III il"lV llll'.V IVITI' trrillnl, Wf IlltlUt ^nliir rvlriU<l;<

rroiit II li'lllir ivhii'li ii|i|>i*:iriM| in I|m> Cliiitliiiin llaiiin r Irniii .Mr. (J. I).

.Mi'Vii'iir, 'H I till- ini^'*!!"'!'* laki'M ill llr. Si-liiilt/'.-^ Ikhihi-. Mi-huv.-: —

'* On iirriviiiK at {''orl Uiirr.v wr ivi-ri' ti'immvimI li.y vcijlii'.-j nl miislti'lry, iiml
itii|ii'i^'ini*i| in Ilii'iM' runiiiM. In Uiii!<i- rnntiiM we wrrr iiiickril fii I'Inmi
lllill \lr lllill III lii'i'ak llii' wiiniiiWH III kiMi|iri'iiiii ."iilliii'iilioii. In mii' llii'li'
wii.iii lllill II ml liililiMHiil in lllill rimni I hi' iimir li'llnw^ riniiiil Ihi'niM'lvi'." in
Mil' inuriiinK in ii imHilioii Hi'ini'lhinu liki- llii' r<>ll*ivviiiK : .Srvi-ii ini llin

lii'il. I wi. II II' III r il . two iinilcr I In' liitili', ink I llii' rriiininiiiu >jii lilmilty

|iiii-ki-<l Willi liiiiniiii lii'iiit.7-. Oiii' man ^<]i>]il nil iiiKhl luinifiiiic (in llii' liril

li.iHl. \Vi' Mi'iT lull' li'il nil prniii'iin I I • • • AIM T lliiK ihirly

itii/lil (aiii'iim wliiini I wii- iin'hiilr'l) wiirr ri'iimvinl In l'"iirl liiirry .liiil. Iln-
wiir^il ilhliKiiily III all. Till' pluri' i^ itliiHr, Ninall< iiml iinlii'iillliy. .\
niirriiw liiiil anil .lix i'I'IIh, Il X '.I I'lii't , lillliy in llir I'.xlri'itii', ilihI i-nivvliiiu
Willi yiirinin. lliTi' I ri'inaini'd, iinlil 1 i'.irii|KMl with i'nur iillii'r.>^, iiiiLtiiiK
III fXiHtuiicv iLi hi'Ht wo I'uuld."

any eliorl hciii'^' made hy Hie ('ommisHJoners In

cllecl that purpose, a deep IcclinL;' ol' imlimial lull

|)rcvadcd the country, whicdi i-uiminated in the

risinii- oj' ahiiul eighty men at I'ortatjc la I'raiiic.

ainon^ whom were Thomas Scotl and Chiirlcs

Mair hothesea|ied |)risoners - who came down

[ to join a lone raised hy I)r Schultz, with ilic

ohjci't ol' releasing' the prisoners hy force. ( >ii

the l.ith l''el)ruary this force arrived at the j)an-li

of Kihlonaii, vvhi-rc Ihcv were joined hy almiit

six hiimlred men, under Ur. Schult/. The

church, Kcliool, and manse of that parisli heiiu

taken possession oi', the leaders and pri;;. ipal

I imm from each party met, and de(;ide(l at d,i\-

hreak to send a mc.sseiitfer to iJicI, demaiidiim

the instant release of the prisoners, or to prejiMri'

for attack. This expc<litiou of action was Ihouali!

I desirahle, hecaii.se the force, thoiit^li lariie, wa>

hurriedly raised and imi)erl'ectly armed, and a

sudden dash, while their numher and armainciil

was iiiikiiowii to the iMciich, was thou<j-ht the

most likely to succeed. The dcsi)ati'h of tin'

messuii<;'er was followed hy the imiiicdiiiti'

I reltMise hy K'icl of the remaimlerof (he j>risoiicr.^,

; who wore told to say that liiel was anxious for

I peace and j^ooil will; and now that he had-'

i ndeased the prisoners, he trusted no further

(uiuse of dilliculty would arise.

!». — The i)riiicipal ohject of the expeditinii i
l>ein<^ Ihus accomplished, its leach-rs and piiii-
cipal men auain met, and Dr. carhinni ih.-

Schultz and others uri,'ed that as '"'"■""' "" '" i

it was (dear that liiel was now disposed to accedi'
loanythiii^, the Hudson's I5ay authorities should
1)0 called upon to (h» their duty, the Mritish ll.iu
should 1)1' hoisted in Fort (Jarry, and that Fori
made the seat of (ioverninent as hel'ore. Te
this some of the loadtus oll'ered the ohjectimiN
that th<i ohjecl of the risinj^ was accomplisln'il,
and that to yo further was useless, as il was
plain to see that the Hudson's iJay authoritii'.s
had all aloiiH' acted with U'iel, and that llicy
would not now act, for theiiiseh cs ; and tliiit
liiel havim;' released tin' prisoners, with iiiiuiy
protestations of fricndshii), could now <lo iiothiiif,'
more than continue to (Mil the Hudson's liay
C'ompany's i)emican and drink their rum — a cost ■

liolHTS li>

lii;imtiiin
I'd in till'
ii I'liiiri''.
1 (Miiiilrs

lilt' tl<i\VII

\vitl> ill''

irci'. 0"

I he paiisli

l)y atiniil

t/.. Th.'!

risli Ix'iiit,
prii".. ii':»l
'd ill (Imv- I
.t'liiuiulinu: I
lo prt'piiri' j

IVH (iKlUlilll '
liir'^t'. \V:is
lU'tl, iiml ■'
ariiiMinc'iil

llOU'jllI till'

it.h of till'
iuiini'tliiili' I
prisoiii'i^,
inxioiis I'ld'

it. lit' li;i<l'ii
no I'lirlliiM' j

'xpodili'*" ;
iind i)riii-

iri'i'l'ili"

I/.' ili'Inrlllll' III
,1 lo !|Cl I'll''

licsslioilld
Ih-ilish ll;i'i
[l thai Fi"i
Kdon'. Til

ol)j('l'tioll!< J

[()iiil)lisht'il. '
UN il \v:i>
lauihoiiti''''
dial lli^'V
and lli:>'
Ivvith many
Idoiiolliiii'-,'
Idsoii's iiiiy

(i()Vi:i{NMKNT OK SIR JOHN VorXd TIIK RKD IMVI'IJ TlfOl'ltF^KS.

i*-':i

III Ihat rompiiny wlii<'li wiis Ihouuflil to mtvi*
ilii'iii I'iirlil. Mt'ssaiit's wen' also rcrcivi'd IVom
Ijoii.dd A Sinilli, mid ollicrs, advisiiii;- the Ion .•
Ill dispi'isc. as ilii'ir piirposi' was aocoiiiidislicd,
;iii(|. accordingly I'l'' lorci' iiikUt Dr. Sdiult/
di'paiicd III tlicir jioiiit's to the noilliward. while
llii'siiiaiji'i- pailv. under Major ISoidton. prepared
Id rdiirii lo I'orlau'e la rraiiie. 'riioiiiili couii-
silli'd lo liewarc orireiicliery on IJiel's pari, they
ijiil not leave lor lioiite until the rollowinu;
lueniiiii;, ITlli. ii\ which lime Rid had received
inrNiinatioii that the larf^er party hud none
liiiiMi, and, asCaptain lloullon incanlioUKly took
; 111!' road which led (juite close to Fort (Jarry,
liii'l sen! out a hody ol' horsemen, under com-
mand ol n'Donohuu and Leiiiiie, and captured
iliiMvholi' party * Major lloullon was decoyed
liv h'iei, who caused him to helit-ve that In*
would he allowed to jiass the l'\)rt luimolesled,
liul •• i;ol)l)led lip'" the whole delaclnnenl as soon
i iis he had it coniplelely at his nn'rcy.|-
j Id. — It was <luriuLi- this •• risinu,- at Kildo":iu"
jj llial liie lirst hlood was shed, and ihat not in a

! n„(ir.,i,io..,i,„i 1 "liiimor to cause any ajuount of

'"■'"'"""""•" ' ill-leelinu-, such as followed the

suliM'i|iii'iit cold-liloodeil murder of Scot I . On
tlic niiHiiihu- of the liith, a yiium;' l'"renrh llalf-
lirnd, named I'arisien, wiio had hecn captured

I 'Till' iiiiiiii's (iT ihtM'iiiiiuri'ii luirlirrJ wore as InllnwH; --
I I'liiiM I'liin ii;k i,\ I'iiaiiiik. .Miijnr liniillnii, .iulin MiI.imiii. Itulicrl
.M.|!.iiii, Wil.liT llMrll.'ll. .Imim.'s .M.^ll^iiii, hiiii. Sisxnns, A. MiinMV. W.

! r^iniii'i-. l,]i\Mi !• Siiiiili, Cli!irli''< .MiliiMiiil.l. .Iiiliii Suil/iT, \l. Willmms,

; Ml* MI'l.iMv. W.IJ. llinl, Alfx. .\l.-l,iMh.

I riiiiM II II. II III I I r. ■|'lliililM.i Si'ii||,.lii.M'|ill l'lli|llili,0 T.'Sjl|(|i~ W.

I'.l'iuin. .1. Illlhvnilll, \V. Ililltvnrlll. It. Ailllln". .1. I'lMllllh. ,M. .M.'l.iinl.

.\|'-IhI'.iI'I .Mi! il.l,.liiini'!<.lii.'k, .liMii.'^Siiiiil.T.M.n.

I'li.ni III M.i\i,i V. .1. II. M..iri.-^iMi. \V. S^ilirr. .M.ik'iiiis limwii, \. .Murri
■I'll. U'. Siillii-rliMi.l, lluliirl liiiiiiii.suii. .Im.-i|.Ii Sinilli, Clmrlrs .Milliiii,
'I'lii.iiiii.H IliiMiT, .l.ihii ■riiyldi-, .liihn .M,'l(;i>, .\l,.\. I'jirUiT.

KliiM I'niM.MI I'iMM. IJlMMKH Uvl.li', 1 1. 'I'iU Inr. A . I'.M l.ir, ll Nrw-

• •'iiii., ii.'r„>i„,.

l''ii"M Sr. ,Ia\ii:.h' I'.miism. -Scmniiil I'uhit.-, .lMnii'> .l.i.v.

I'lIiiM HlVIKIIK S.M.K, — (i. I'lllkiT.
Ill;>ll, IS.

I Mil' .V. II' A'li/i'oii iiT Will |'',.|,niai'v uiM'.^M \iTv liinniiriiu.i ili-^iriiilimi nl
IIm- '• lliillli' i.r WiiiMiiM'k-," IriiiM wliii-li «!■ Inkr llii' lulhin iiif •■Mni.'l :
"II'hi' iiiiu'lil Kivi' Ihi' .■-iiin N.liil III nil llii' hili.ii-,.. I.-Mi>, Mini llm-iil^ nrall
llii' liivii 111 iinii.^ il w.iiiM l,i> I In.-: 'rlHi'rii .11111 ami l.lHllliil' lliii Knitlisli

I'l'i'l'li' -iiraiiK III arm.'. In lilnMali' I hi' pri." rs, ami aliniil 'Jl, all Ihal

"■'"■ I.ivi-n'ni'l Ml liliiTl.v h.v Ilii' i'l-i'.siiliiMl, Tliiil.v -iv Ihuirs sulisr

'lili'iillVM Hl|iilril|.|a.'llliuMll.,ii I-..II/.' Iiiilili' lo llii' I'lirlilKi'. was Knl'lili'il
iilili.vllii' I'riMii'li. II IT!', Ihi'ii.isa.siiitmiar.v: - Kiiidi.-li |iri."iiiHiis ri'li'iisnl,

-I; Miiiili' |iii.. rs, IH. II' HI' wi'i'i' mil a iii'i-iiliar iicniilc, ilii.s result

"'mill ^i-lniil.ili IH ; hill ih lliis <■! iry wn liavr Iriinii'il 111 111' asliiiiislii'il

111 ii"lliiiM.v I'll., war 111' iiriii'laiiialiiiiis iiiallKill'ali'il liy lli'iinis .V Cn., Iia.s
'ii'i'ii lull. .Will ii|, liy a sn-iiis iir I'lililiiaimis -llir |>i'im'i|ial I'lNllliri' nl'
ivlii'li i'<llial iiiiliiiily wMs liiirl."

hy the En'jlish and held uh a spy, nnuh' an
iiltemi)t to escape. Dashing al his i^uard, ho
wreslcd his (h)ul>le-l>arri'lli'd t:un from him and
made I'or the river ; just then Mr. .lohn Hiiyh
Sutherland, son of Mr John Sulherland, hap-
pened lo he riiliii"' up to see what was ihe cause
of the i^atherini;' at Kildonan, and I'aiisieii lired
at him. pmhahly more lor Ihe purpose of n'cllinuf
(he horse lo assist him iu his escape ihan with
an inleiilion of killiu<r him. The lirsl shot look
eli'ect in the hand, and the horse rearint:', threw
youiiii Sulherland to Ihe ground, and while hi!
was (h)\\ 11 rarisien lived Ihe set ond shot, which
took eHect in the hody, and caused a wound
from which the unforliiiiate yoiiiiL;' man died
ahmit nineo'cloi'k the same niiiht rarisien was
pursued, re-captured, and would p haldy have
heen lynched on tiie spot had it not lieeii foi' the
interference of Major lloullon, hut the lad was
severely woiiudi'd and frosl-hilten. and died not
lonii' after, il was said, from the eil'ecl of the
injuries he then received.

11.- — The immediate resiill of the " risjui;' at

KihU)nan" was unfortunate, for il only doiilded

the nunilier of the itrisoiiers,

.Ma.inr Hnllllnll , , I f

I ii'iM iin.ii'Miii. and caused a renewal, lor a

|lll|i|i.il\ nl Kill . . , 11 ,. 1- II

lime, ol tile lll-leellliL; wllicli
had existed hetween Ihe l'"rcnch and I'^iiLilisli
parties. Mr. Smith, in his repml, i oiidemns
it as very injudicious,* and it i« very certain

* Kllliliiiirs niivv iM'i;!i)i 111 i-il'i-iilair nl a i-isiiiii al llir I'm laun.ainl nil
lliii iiik'lil nl' llio I till anijl-'i III' l''i'liriiai'y.sniiii> Sit nr Iiki nH,|i linin lliiil

ilislrii'l |iM.-si>il ilnwii I'tnsi' In l''nrt Ulirry. ami pi ri'ilril In Kililnlnin.

wliiTii llii'.\ wiTi' .iiiiiii'il liy rriilii .'{IHi In :t,Ml iiii'M, |.riiiiM|ialiy l%n«lisli liall'

tirri'ils. Iriilll I III- In Wit I III It." nl' till- .Snl I ll'IIH'lll . 1 1 Mi I I lli-^r IlK-ll . (irnpi'I l.y

iiriiiril ami nru'iiiii/i'il, lii'i'ii pri'pari'il In .-iipprnt llm wrii ailrilnl l''rriii'li
parly, w lii'ii till' lattrr Innk Mrlimi, iiliniil llit< niiiMli' nl .la unary, nr i>v imi
ill I III' lii'k'iiiiiinu' 111' l''iiliriiary> iliirinir tin' .-lilriiii; nl llif Cmn cnlinii. nriirr
niiiilil liavi' Ih'imi riisfnri'il ami llir Iraiislnr In Ciiiiaila prii\iili'<l Inr willi
mil llii' nri'i'ssity I'lir liriiii: a siiii-'li' slint : Inn miw Ilii' risiiiir was iinl nnly
nusli, lull |iiirpn,ii>li>ss, as, williniit ils iiitrrvi'iitinii, tlii< pri.iniirrs wniilil
lini|Ut>sl iniiiilily liavr tii'tiM riili'Msi'il. 'I'lii' parly was nil jrrly iiiinruiini/ril,
itiililViTi'iitly ariiiril. ilii|irn\ iiliiil willi t'nml i>\'i>M I'nr iiiii' iiii'al, anil wltnll.v
ini'ap.'ililr nl' I'npiti^' with till' {''rriii'li iinw ri'iiiiilril. wlin, In llii' iiiinilitir
111' al li'Msl st'vi'ii hiiiiilrril wrri' iiri'iiMrml In nlVrr Mm iiinsi iti'luriiiiiii'il
I'l'sislaiii'i'. wliii'li as Ihry wnri' in pnsi'ssimi nl' a liilinlii'r nl' niiii.-, (si \ anil
Ihri'i' pmiinlrrs), Minpli' stnrrs nf Miiiinnnitinii. prnvL-inns. ami rvi-ry nllinr
rr'inisitn. I hi'y rmilil lia\ri|iiln' innsi i'll,''tinill\ M\ -yliipathii-s wrrr.
ill a KTi'al tni'Msiirr- with thii I'nrlMk'i' iiii'ii. w hmn I lirlirx i' In Iim\ n hi'i'ii
iii'liliiliiil hy till' lii'st 111' iiinli\'i<s ; hill iimli'r llii' riri'itnistam'i's il was mil
ilillii'iill In rnri'si I' lliiil ihn issni' t'linhl mil hn nllii'rwist' than ilisastrniis
III llii'ir caiisi'. 'I'lir alti'intil was. tln'ri'l'iiri'. In hii ili'iilnri'il. as it rrsiillnl
ill pliii'iiiif till' wlinln Srtih'intnil at till' I'l'i'l nf Kii'l. 'riif ifri>at iiia.iiirily
111 llu» si'llli'rs. I'jirlisli ami Si'nIi'Ii. ili'-rniiiili'mini'i'il I hn iiinvi'iiii'iit anil

hilti'riy I'lnniilaini'il III ilinsii whii liail srl il nn I'nnl. I''iirl.\ si'm I' tlir

piirly uurii ouiiliiruil mi thi'ir way Inuiiii, wliilu passiin; within a I'l'W

,i'1|

,' I

-'■'ii ' I

•* I

' ' ^

I i

\\'\h:

124

Tl'TTLrs IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMIN'IOX OF ('AN\\1>.\.

thai K'irl rIcM'ily luriicd it lo his ii(lvantau;;o
to induce till' l']iiL;lisli |>iiiislic,s to elect tiieir
(leiey;iiles to the Council ollhe I'i'ovisioiiid ( iov-
ernuient, wliieli was to meet on 'JUlli I''cl>ruavy ;
and this is how lie did it. As soon as Major
IJouituM was salt', within the walls ol' i'"oit
Garry he was placed in irons, a •conrt martial" i
was held, he was lonnd uiiilty ol' treason against
the I'rov isional (iii\ crnnicnl, and sentenced ic
l>e shot at noon on the next, day, the cii;hleent,h ; j
" i)ut, at Die intercession of the Lord Hishop '
of Ituperfs Land, Archdeacon McLean, and, ,
ill short. e\cry iMiliieiitial man amony llie [
I'lnji'lish, and 1 have heeii told also, at the
eai'iiesl entieaty of the Catholic, clerL;y, tiie l
oxei iition wasdi'layed till inidiiiuht. ol' Saturday,
the null. iMirliier than this. Kiel declared h,-
<;oul(l not — would not yielil except, indei'd, 5'. .
Schult/ should he ca|)tured in the meantime. \n \
wdlich ease /;(■ would he shot, insl-';id of
|{oidl()n."*= This was decidedly pleasant. I'or Dr. ,
Sehult/,, for whose ca|)ture, "dead or alive," liiel
had some time prexiously oU'ered a nwv tinL Kiel
a|)parenlly kept his determination to have;
Major IJoullon shot, up to ten i/'chick on Saturday
niii'ht, two hours hel'ore the execution was to
have taken i)la,ce, and .Archdeacon Mcljcai', h;;-^
si)enl nearly twenty-l'our hours with &I':jor ;
Hoidlon. administi'rcd the sacrament t,ohini,aiid |
prepared him to meet his late. At leiiiith liiel
yielded to the entreaties of ^L•. Smith, and
aii'reed to spare l!oult(m's lij'e and'release the
othi*!' prisoners iinincdiiitely alter the meeting;!"!'
the Council. pro\ideil the l']niilish (h'leL;ales
were elected l,o attend it. Mr. Smith agreed to
use his inlluenee with the Knulish portion ol'
the coinmunitv, and thus descrihes the compact
with Iv'icl, whereby t he Canadian Cttmmissioiier
hecame an (dectioncerinu' au'ciit for the i'ro-
\isioiial (iovernmeiil. "1 reasoned with him
lon^' and earnestly, until, at length, ahout ten
o'clock, he yitdded, and addressing me, appar-

liimihctl \iii'l- nl till' I'.irf ; till' i'\|tliitijitiiin I Ii)i\i' liniirtj Ki\)'ti Inr (heir

ndliM-wi^i! ilir\|iii<Mlili mliKM ill Inivinu liild'ii IIiIm i-utit(\ ili."!!';!!) «il'

iiinliintr ii 'li'hnif wliii'h ^vuM)|| Iimm* iMiyiiri'd Niit'i'ly. litMim ii '«ii|i|hi.>44mI

|>l'iilMi'<l' ll.V Kil'l I hill llli'V Wiilllil lil'I'i'i'Mlilli"! Inp.lM nil IIKill"-! I'll. /'. I.

,V|)I|'(A\ I. /!...(.

• l>. A Siiiilli' ri|"Hl imui'ii.

eiitly with itnn h reeliiii«- said : ' Hitherto I have '
boon deal' to all entreaties, an<L in now ^ranlinu:
you this man's life,' oi' words to that eU'ect,
'may I ask you a. I'avor !' ' Anythiiit;-,' 1 replied,
'that in hoiiorleaii do.' lie continued : 'Cainula
has disunited us; will you use your inlhu'iice In
re-unite us':" You <^au ilo so, and, without tins,
it must lie war — hloody, civil war!' I answered
that, as I liad said on iirstconune' to the eounlrv,
I would now repeat — that '1 would give my
whole heart (o ellect a. peaceful union of the
country with Canada.' ' Wo want only our just
rin'hls aa IJritish sulijects.' hi' saicL ' and we waiii
Die I'lnii'lish to join us simply to obtain the.sr
'Then.' I remarked, '1 shall at once see theia,
an. I indiK'e them to lio on with the eleelioii nf
dcleiiates lor that purpose;' and he replied: II
you can do ihis, war wil' he a,\ oich'd — not oiilv
the lives, but the liht-rty of all the i)risoners will
he securc(L for. oil your success depends the li\ cs
of all the Canadians in tho country.' lie
iimnediately proceeded to the prison, and iiiii-
inated lo Andideacon MidiCaii that he had hedi
induced by me to spare Captain lioiilton's lile,
and liad further promised to me lliat immediately
on the incetinii' of the Council, shortly to he
elected, the whole of the prisoners wmild I"'
release<l, re(|iiest iiiii the Archdeacon at the same
time, to explain those circiinislancos to Oiipl liii
I'oultou and the (»tlier prisoners.'

I'J. — The ::e\\s(d' the capture of the 1'orlaL.v
par.y <|'.;ielty s])iead, and a lucetinLi was lielil
ill St, Andrew's parish, whence

,.,,,, , ,, In. S.'liiill/,'- li,iiii|.

most ol tlie lorces under Dr. nr '.ihi mil.'!- mi
Schiillz had come, at which the
proposition was made to uo at once and releasi'
houlton and his party by force. |{e|'oie aii\
(Udiuite action was taken Mr. Koiiald A, Siiiilli
arrivetl to say that if the people submitted ami
(dectcil the Lnti'lish portion of the i'rox ision;il
(iovcriiiiieiit Council, Uniillon's life woiiM I"'
I spared, and llio prisoners ndcase(L Mr. Siiiilli,
I in his character of (Canadian Cinnmissinmr,
fitroiiiily ure-ed this course, and ultimately il"'
meetiiie adopted it, and the deleniiles to lla'
Council were sllbseipiently elected. At till'

same meeting Dr. Schultz was re((Ucstod to pro-

(loVIlK'NMKNT OF Sll{ .lolIN VOUNG— TilK IfKD UWV.U ri{( )|- iUiKS.

, ,1 to CmimiiIm, it lit' could, iuul rcpvcisonl (o the |

iMMiiilr ilii'ii' till' vt'iil stall! of iitl'airs, and (he
.iirniiin \vlii<'ii liad ln'cn ii.scd to make tliom
have aiivlliiii"' t<> <l<> w itii the i'r(>\ isioiial Clov-
, iMiiiiii'iit As all llir roads Icadiiii;- lo Miiiiiesola
wi'ic jfaliiusly yiiardi'd l>y ivicl. Dr. Schiill/
was ctiuipi'lli'd to allciiipl to rt-acli IIk^ licad oI'
Laki' Siipi'iiiir Ky Iravt'isiiiti- llic little Unowii
Icoiiiiliy hi'lwi'i'ii lilt' lioad ol' Lake Winiiiiicu:
' ami liaixi" .Siipi'iior. I'"ortiiiial(dy lie had as
i , iiiiipaiiioii all JMiuiisli Hail'-hrt'cd uaiiUMl loscpii
Miiiikiiiaii, who iiad Ik'cii coininissioucil hy tfio
I iloii Mr. Macdoiinall losct> llic hands oi'Iudiaiis
rasi (if ihi- iu'd K'iver, and road to llu'iii his
inslriKlions whidli Ihaiikcil them lor ahslainiii^'
I'dtii aii\ parlicipalioii ill liicl's iiiov I'liiciit, and
assinvd ihciii that, llioiit^'h lu' was iiuw in power, '
llii' oprnini: oi' Spring- would see the ueeirs
]iii\vi'r ivinstalrd anain. Dr. Schullz lel'l llie
nmuili 1)1' I lie lu'd Itiver with this I'aithiul and
iiililliueiit Liuide oil the -Jlst Fehruary, and, to
clmle liie jiaities on snow-slioes wiiich were
seal li\ i>iel lo iiilercepi iiiiii, slruik aiu'oss ihe
IVo/.i'ii end ol' Lake Winnipeu,' lo iho nioiilh of
llie riviM- of ihat name, when-, ait.ernaltdy
relliiwii'.^- the course oi I hat sireaiii, or devialiiii>'

10 some dislanee, ihey reaehed ils head waters.
i''r()ni here Ihey struck across over VVhitelisli
liay, <iM Ihe I^ake of the Woods, to an arm ol'
K'aiiiy Lake whence they turned more east warcL
reliowinu K'aiiiy Lake, and I hen to the South-
west, over (lie I lien unlrecjuentcd and unknown
Kiuutry of Northern Minnesota, to the head ol'
Lake SMi)eiior. Where Indian ('ami>s i oiild he
louiid Ihey wen^ visiletL and h'iei and (.Queen's

:] auliiority gravely and sensihly diseussccL In

ji Mill one ( ase luid the loyalty of the Indians been

;' alli'i'ti'd, and lliey all seemed to feel that, the

.(■real Mollier's arm was lonj^' and Hlronii, and

'\ ili.il Iviel and his (iovernniont vvouhl, to use

J llieir tiw 11 expression, " I'ass away like the misf

I lielorr the sun." 'riiouuii the travellers had

little to iiive lliein, in return they invariahly

■'^liaird their own scanty supply, and often yave

11 n'liule from camp l.o camp. ()\or weary miles
lit sjiow-covered lakes ; oyer the wuter-shed
I'l'lweeii ijaiiiy Lake and the I^akes of Ihe

Liuii-entian Chain ; over the hei^iit of land
])elweeii {{aiiiy Lake and i^ake Sujierior ;
throuiih pine forests and juniiter swamps, these
travellers made I heir way, tnrniiu;- aside oiiU
when! wind-fallen tiinher made their course
impossiltle. Often sa\ed from starvation hy tlie
woodcraft 1 1 1' Monkman, their course liuided hy
tho compass, or i)y \iews taken fr.iiu the loj) ol
some stalely Norway pine, iln>y found them-
stdves, al'li'r twenty-four weary days of travel,
in sinht of the l)lue, unfro/eii waters of l^ake
Superior. They iiad struck the l.,ake not far
from its hea.d, and in a few hours |)reseiiled
Ihenisehcs to the astonished fia/e of Ihe iieiijile
of the then emhryo village of Dnintli, '.launt
with huiiii;i'r, worn with faliyue, their clothes
in tatters, their eyes hiinded with the j^lare of
the lililterinu,' sun of March, lo learn for the
lirsl time of the lerril>le event which had
occurred since their lea\ iim', and lo lind that.
while indeed Riel ha<l released Major IJoultoii
when the |']n>ilisli sent their deleirales to his
Council, yet he Indd the other,^ with even a
tighter i>rip ; and that, early in March, ho had,
for sonii! fancied insult, jjlaced 'riiomas Scot I,
ironed hniul and fool in the prison from which
Ur. Scliull/, had escaped, and, on the fourth of
March, led him out to a di'ath as liorrihie,
perhaps, us was ever suli'cred on this C(»ntinenl.

(MLM'TI'IK' XIII
(loVKJtNMKNT Oj.' SI I! .KHIN VoINM; |;i:I)

K'ivi;i; 'ri{oriii.i;s.

L Till'. D\i;i< ClilMK 111' tllK h'l'.IU.l.MuN. ±

TitK Mock C()tii!i'-M ak'I'i ai, III'' Si'ii'it' -;t.
How Sruri' was lU'TitiicuKK. - I. TiiK
S'n.'ANdl', niSMM'I'.AHAM'K dt'' Si 'i ifr'.-^ iinnv.
— r). A KKKIN UK TI';i;i!OH. — (1. Till', MtSSIiiX

OK Misimi' Tacmi:— -MisTAKKs. 7. Imust

MKKTlNd OK 11 1 1', l'Uii\ ISldN \l, l'\Hl,l VMI'.N'l'.

Adukkss OK llisiioi- Tacmk. .'^. Iv'i.i.kasi; m'

I'lilSiiNKliS U'K,I,K\SK ok rill''- I'lloi'KIM'Y oK

I'liK IIi'dson's May Comi'vnv.— !t. Li'kicit

OK MiSllOl" TacIIU'K AUIUVAI,.— 10. Ua|SIN(I

I >I* „J "

Hi I

i 1,1

12(;

Tl'TTLK'S iriSTORY OK TlIK DOMINION' OK CANADA.

t\w H.'hrlllnli.

OK Till', Union Jack ovkr Fort Garrv. Tiik
Mamtii|!\ Act accki'tkd. — 11. Bishop
Taciik'.s I'lioMisi; 111'- Amnk.'^tv. — 12. Rkvikw

OF TIIK CorUSK OK IJiSIIOl' TacIIK.

1. — Wo coiiii' ii((\v to lilt' oiii' dark crime,
the oiu' I'oul luurdi'i' vvliidi dislij^urcs tlic record
I of I lie h'ed River Jtehellioii, and
liaii(l.-< down the name ol' Louis
UMel to posterity as that ol' a cowardly assassin,
who wreaked his private spite and vengeance on
a helpless i)risoiier. whom he had illeirally de-
prived ol his liherty. The murdi'r ol' Thomas
Scott was a (lool, calm, delil)erato assassination
without even tlie shadow ol' exeu.se ol' ex-
podieney to palliate its heiiiousness, and it is a
poor coniidinient to our system ol' adminisler-
in<;' law. that tiie perpetrators ol' this crime
should lie at liherty to-day. For the other
illei>'al acts wiiich he committed, Riel had sonui
sliiiiit show ol' justiliciition, inasmuch as he and
his ToUowcrs claimed that (/ana«Ui had bought
the people of Red River like so many sheep,
without consulting them in any way or
guaranteeing them protection I'or their lives,
liherty and property; aiul the amnesty which
was subse(|uently granted hy the Imperial
Government I'or these ollences, was a trial ac-
knowledgment that some one had hlundered in
lU'gotialing the transl'er ol' the Hudson's Bay
Company's rights in tlie North-West without
consulting in any way the inhabitants ol' that
country ; l>ut, I'or this foul murth'r of Scott,
there is no excuse, no palliation, no justili<a-
tioii ; it was simply a wanton, willul exercise
ol' despotic i)ower, prompted by a spirit ol' per-
sonal revenge and a d"sire to strike terror into
the hearts ol' tho.se loyal jieople in the settlement,
who still doubled Riel's authority to rule in spite
of his " I'rovisional (lovernment. " It must, in
lairness and justice, be admitted that a large
portion of the storm ol' wrath and indin'ualion
which swept o\er tlie Troviiwe of Ontaiioat the
ix'ilielration of this erowning crime of the rebel-
lion, owed its oriLiiii to the fad that Scott was a
Prolestaiit and ;in ( )rani;('inan, while b'iel was a
Catholic, and his chief adviser, < )'lJonohue, au

avowed Fenian ; l)Ul, although party-])olitical
and religiims feeling had something to do wiiii
the excitement, still there was a very general
thrill of honest iiuliguation at the cold bloodod
murder of a man whose only crime was that he
was loyal to his Queen and country and would
not acknowledge the authority of an usurper
•J. — Although the ruse of U'iel in sparing liic
life of Major Uoulton on the conditioii that the

l']nglish parishes returned dele- ■(•in. .\i.Kk c i

gates to the I'rovisional (iovern- 'M^"-i'i.!"oi smV
meiit, had been successful, and the olliirts and
inlluence of Commissioner Smith had the eli'ect
of getting delegates (dected, still Kiel felt tli:il
the Englisli element did not give him a hearty
and cordial sui)i)ort, and linding that lie was
unable to " rule by love " he seems to liiuc
determined to " rule by fear." l''rom the tiiiu- el
the lirst arrests he had Ixh'ii in the habit of
threatening to execute some of the prisoners,
unless they took the oath of allegiance to the
Provisional Government ; and after the risiiiu'
at Kildonan he .seems to have madi- up his mind
that " an example must be made "' to deter I he
Ivuglish from any further attempts to dispuie
his authority. Having s|)ared Major Boulton lie
cast about for a suitable victim, and soon found
one in the person ol 'riiomas Scott, a yoiiu^'
Canadian who had taken jiart in the defense of
Dr. Schultz's house, and been captured at thnt
time but made his cscajie, and was again made
prisoner when Major Boultoii's party was taken
on its return from Kildonan. On neither occa-
sion was Scott taken " in arms." Scott was one
of the Canadians in Dr. S(diultz"s hou.se, but he
did not surreiuler with tlunn ; I'oi' when Rid's
troops surrounded the house on the eveninu-
before till! surrender, S(U)tt and llallett went up
to the Fort, unarmed, to ask U'itd to allow the
women and children, w ho were sullering con-
siderable Inirdshiiis, to be removed from lin'
house. Instead of granting the recpiesi h'iel
arrested the niesseiigers and jtut them in prison.
from which Scott subse(|uenlly eseajied, never
havinii- taken any oath to the I'rovisional (lov-
ernment, ( hi the second oecnsioii of his aiic.si,
— on the return of the Portage party from Kil-

doniiii-

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could be

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hitler h;

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Kildonan.

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on. llavii

ordered a "

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1_.

(lOVKUX.MKNT OF SIR .lOlIN YOUMi— TilK liKD KIVKIt TKoini.I'X

1-27

(loiiiiii— iill ihc iinns were stovvcvl away in the
l)(ittoiii of till' Mlciiih, so that iioiii' of the party
cniild he said to he " in arms,"' lor although thoy
liiid iiiiiis with Ihi'iii thi'y were not availablo
lor uso. K'ifl owi'd iScoll a grudi't' In^cause tho
iMtltT had once put him out of a saloon in
Wiiiiiipivii' wlu'u liicl was drunk and making
sonic insultiii'. icmarks, and also because ht^ was
oiu'ola party whi''h stopped at Ihc house of
one Coutn, which iviel was known to he in the
hiil)i( oi' IVcipicnting, and enquired for him, on
the iiiglil that the Portage party oame down to
Kil'loiKiii. licsidcs this Scott was known to he
ciitliusiastically loyal and not only refused
himself to recognize Itiels' assumed authority,
hut t'licouragcd others to do so also, therefore he
Wiis a ill sultjcct for lliel to wreak his vengeance
(111. Having determined on his vielim liiel
i.idried a " Court Martial " to try Scott, and he
Wiis accordingly tried on the evening of March
liiird.* The presiding olliccr ol the Court was

• .lM-i'(ih Nului, wlio was Si'iTrrtir.v of 111'.' '* Cniirt iMiii'tial," ►riivr Ijio
liillnwitij,' ii-.-'tiiiiMiiy ri'KiiriliiiK il III till! Iritil nf lii'iiiiu- :— '' (in ijic rvcniiiK
I'f Ihi' lliiicl ul' Mari'li Sc'ill was liioil hy a Cimiu'il iif War; llii- prisniu'r
I'lTsitlfil al till' C'liiiiH'il ; IIhtc were artiiiK al tin' CHinit'il li. liii'lml,
Aniln'' Naalt, Klz.'ar li'iiilct, IMzi'ai- l,a,ii'iiiiini'''ri', liaplisti' Ki'iiini'.
.I'tM'i'li lit'IiTinc; 1 was Si'rrt'lar>- "tf llio Ctiinn'il : iiri the cvcriiim: ol' the
tliinl"!' .Mai-'-li till' MU't'tiiiir was I'lir thi' piii'iMisi' nl' Iryiiitf Scitll, loi'vaiiiiiit'
wlial r\il lit' Iia'l iliinu : S''i»ll was nut prcsi'nl a I llii' I'MiniinaliiMi ; iIhtc
wiTos.aai' witiii'ssos I'xaiuim'il who saw what Scutl lia<l ilniii' ; Ulcl was
oni', VA. TiiriH'r was another' .lusi'ph llt'lornic was anoilu'r : t tliinU llu'rc
itiTi' othrrs; Ihi'si' wiliii'ssi's wiM-i' I'.x.nniiii'il hy the Captains who coni-
liiisi'ii Ihi' Coiiiicil : wliihi llii' wilnussi's won' I'.xaiiiincil. Si'ott wa.i not
pivsi'iit : ihi' wituossi's won' sworn hy mo; I ijo not rcnionihor what
i'\iiirih'i' was Kivoni !<m(l was ai'c'iisi'il ol' liaNiiiK rol olh"! awainsi the
I'r'niMonal ilovi'rnnii'nt. ami of liavini; slnn'li a Capl lin ol' llio (inanl :

j; liicri- Mii^ only who nnoii' :i -pi'oi'h, \ i/.. liiol: I n'lni'nihcr ho spoko

aiiaiiisl Si'uii : allor Iho oviii, Si-oll was la-onuhl hi'lon' llio Comioil ;

Hii'liislii'.l to n'ail lO'Soott M .1 hail passo.l hot'or" thoCoiinoil ; I iliii

nut I'i'ail anylhlni;, us I hail lakon only notos ; thon >lii'l oxplaiin'il to
'S'litl lilmsoir Iho I'viilonoo nliioh hail hoon kivoii liol'oro llio Connoll in
haiirli^li : ho was Ihon I'oniloinni'il tiiilio ; Uiol tohl SootI liolori' lio loll

llior that ho niiisl ilio ; allor Itiol hail oxplainoil Iho oviilonoo to

'S'otI, hoaslii'il him it' ho hail anylhimr In say ; SootI saiil soniolhinn ; I
il" iiol know whai : Uiol iliil mil asl< him if ho hail any wilnossos ; no
wriiloii ai'oitsatioii or i'har«o was tri von to Soot t : tlio lakini; ami ifi\ inirot'
oviil.'iioi', Iho liriniiini; in ol'^^oott, Iho spoooli of Uiol, his oxplaiialions to
.S'lill.llio ilooisioii ol' Iho Coiinoil anil oomlomnalion woio all ilono williin
two or throe lionrs ; Iho Connoil oommenoeil its siltimrs Itolweon som'ii
mill oit'hl ii'oliii'k, ami oonolinloil their hihors at one sillinu ; I took some
miles ill iM'iioil 111' the pnioeoilinKS : the notes in poiioil I relor In wore

ii'ilos 111 II viilenoe: the noxl ilay 1 Iniiisoriheil lliose nolos ; I itave

thoni liilho Ailjiilant-doiienil : the llrst niiition lor ileatli was movoil hy
11. Ili'h.il, so'.'onilo.l hy .\nilri' Xaiill i lloiilol ami llolormo Mitoil yen.
iilmo-' iviih Iho nioM'r ami sooomlor; l.aionionioro voleil Ihat il woiihl he
lii'tloi liiovilo him ; llaplisto 1,,'pini' voloil nay : Amhnii-o llho prisoner)
«iiiil Iho inajiirily want his iloaih. ami ho shall ho pnl lo iloiiih ; liiel
(•X|ilaiiio,| iM.Sooii hissenlonoo ; Kiel askoil Sooll if ho hail no roiinost In
iiiiiko, if ho wanloil to semi lor a ininislor ; 1 do not know what answer
'S'litl niMilo 111 Kiol ; Kiel sanl if ho wantoil ii minisier. if ho was a I the

*■'; I''"i'l lie woiihl sonil for him ; Kiel siiiil ho wonhl lake his shaokles

iill,iiiii| wiiulil soml him to hix naim ; lie wonhl have pen, ink ami paper

Adjutaiit-Cieneral Lcpine, and the other mem-
bers of the Court were (r. Kitchot, Andre Naull.
Elzear (ioulet, Klzt'-ar Lajemoniere, I5ai>(iste
Lepino and Joseph Delorme. At this so called
trial, Riel was witness, prosecutor ami Judge;
and the pretended evidence wa.s taken before
Scott was brought into the Council. The pro-
ceedings were in French, a language which
Scott did not underslniul ; and he was not
allowed an oi)porlunity to make any defence.
He was accused of having taken up arms
again.stthe Trovisional (lovernment, after having
taken an oath not to do so, — which oath he
never took — and also of striking one of the
captains ; liiel told him he was to be shot at ten
o'clock on the following day, but at hrst Scott
could not believe it, thinkiiiii' Kiel would not
dare to take his life ; lindiiiL;', however, that U'iel
w-as in earnest, Scott sent for the K'ev. Geo.
Young, the Methodist Minisier al AVinnipeg,
who had freiiuently visited tjic prisoners in the
jail, and Ihat genllennui, together with Commis-
sioner Smith and others, endeavored lo turn K'iel
from his foul plan, but without avail, lh(> latter
declaring boldly that Scott must die. Mr. Smith
in his report says Ihat he lir.st heard of the inten-
tion to shoot Scott from the l\ev. Mr. Young, about
eleven o'clock on the morning of tlie fourth of
March, and Ihat he re(piesled that •••enlleman to
intercede with iviel while he did the .same with
I'^ither Lestane. That Mr. Young beiny- unsuc-
cessful, he saw K'iel personally. The following
is his own account of the interview; "Gov-
ernor MacTavish was lireally shocked on being
informed of Kiel's i)urpose, and Joined in repro-
bating il. IVre Lest anc consented toaceom|>any
me, and wo called on Kiel. When we entered,
he asked me, ' what news from Ciiiiada :" The
nniil had arrived theprecediiiiiday, and 1 replied,
'only the intelligence liial Bishop Tachc will
be hero very soon.' I then mentioned what 1
had heard regarding Scott, and before Kiel
answered, Pert* Lestanee interposed in li'rench
words, meaning -is there no irai/ af fsin/ir ?'
Kiel replied to him, 'my Kev. Pcre. you know

III write; he lohl him Iho next ilay ho wonhl he sliol : Sooll was then
taken to IiIh room ; Sooll wa.s hamlonlleil when taken lielnre IheCoiineil

1 , '^

,11, "ty:

128

TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

I nil

:i I

If I

1 1 ( ; V-

I <

exactly how tho matter stands ;' then turning to
me, he said. I will explain to you — speaking at
first in English, but shortly after using the
FreiK h, remarking to me — ' you understand that
language.' He said in substance that Scott had
throughout been a most troublesome character,
had l)een the ringleader in a rising against Mr.
Snow, who had charge of tho party employed
by the Canadian Government during the pre-
v^riding summer in road making; that he had
risen against the ' I'rovisional Grovernment ' in
December last, that his life was then spared;
that he escaped, had again been taken in arms,
and once more pardoned, — referring no doubt
to thv' promise he had made to me that the lives
and liberty of all the prisoners were secured —
but that he was incorrigil)le. and quite incap-
able of appreciating the clemency with which
he had been treated ; that he was rough and
abusive to the guards, and insulting to him,
Mr. Kiel ; that his example had been productive
of the -'•(■1 V- v.'orst elf'ects on Hie other prisoners,
who had ')eiume insubordinate to such an
extent, that it was difficult to withhold the
guards from retaliating. He further said, ' I
sat down with Scott as we are doing now, and
asked him truthfully to tell me, as I would not
use his statement against him, what he and the
Portage party intended to haA'e done with me,
had they succeeded in c apturing me, when they
surrounded Coutu's house," to which he replied,
' we intended to keep you as a hostage for the
safety of the prisoners.' I argued with Kiel,
and endeavoured to show that some of the
circixmstances he had mentioned, and especially
the last. Were very strong reasov.s to urge why
Scott's life should not be sacriiiced, and thai, if
as he represented, Scott was a rash, thoughtless
man, whom none cared to have anything to do
with, no evil need be apjirehended from his
example. 1 pointed out that the one great merit
claimed for the insurrection Avas that, so far, it
had been bloodless, except in one sad instance,
which all were willing to look upon as an
accidi'nt, and implored him not to stain it, to
burden it with what would be considered a
horrible crime. He exclaimed 'we must

make Canada respect us.' I replied, ' she hits
every proper respect for the people of Red
River, and this is shov.'n in her having sent
Commissioners to treat with them.' I told him
I had seen the prisoners some tim(> back whin
they commissioned me to say to their friends
at the Portage, that they desired peace, and I
offered to go to them again and reason with
them, .hould that be necessary. On this he said,
' look here, Mr. Smith, Mr. Scott, the represen-
tative, ■'^''ent to se(> the prisoners "t my desire,
and on asking them whom they v ild vote lor
as Councillor, if they were pp'-mitted a choice
outside of their own body ?' Thos. Scott cnnic
forward and said, 'my boys, have nothing to

do with those Amerii-ans.' And when I

remarked ' this is really a most trifling afihir,
and ought not to have been repeated,' he said
' do not attempt to perjudice us against the
Americans, for although we have not been
with them — they are with us, and have been
better friends to us than tho Canadians.' Much
more w^as said on both sides, but arguineiil,
entreaty, and protest alike failed to draw him
from his purpose and he closed by saying, • 1
have done three good things since I have com-
menced ; I have sppvod Boulton's life at your
instance, and I do not regret it, for he is a line
fellow ; I pardoned Gaddy, and he showed lii.s
gratitude by escaping out of the bastion, but 1
don't grudge him his miserable life, and now 1
shall shoot Scott.' Lepine, the Adjtuant-Uen-
eral, who was president of the Council of Seven,
which tried Scott, — and live of whom, Kiel told
me, ' with the tears streaming from their eyes,
condemned him as worthy of death,' a sentence
which he had confirmed — now entered, mid in
answer to Kiel, said ' he must die.' Kiel then
requested the Kev. Pere Lestam; to put tho
people on their knees for prayer as it might do
good to the condmned man's soul. Keferrinu
to Pere Lestanc and making a final a[)i>eal.
unnecessary here to repeat, I retired."

3. — Finding that entreaty was in vain, the
Kev. Mr. Young applied himself to pro-
iinwson.tw,,, P'""i»g the mind of the uiiioi-

buteiiiMiii. tunate man to meet his terrible ,

(inVKENMKXT OF SIH JOHN YOrNfJ— THK RHD RIVHR TROT'BLKS.

120

I late. 1I<' spent the dine with Scott, being |
1 eniiiiiied in con.Ntant prayer and religious lon-
I versatioii. Shortly after midday, on the fourth
i ol' Maich, Siott was sununoned to eirecution.
I, H'' was calm and prepared to die. He requested
;' time to bid his fellow-prisoners farewell. This
i^ was "-ranted him, and he took linal leave of
I those who had shared in his captivity. Being
li bound, he was eonducted outside of Fort Ciarry,
and made to kneel in the .snow a short distance
liom the walls of the Foit where he was shot,
i; like a dog, by a tiring party O: six, under eom-
]' maiul of Adjulant-Geiieral Lepinc, the whole
' i)arty, il is said on good authority, being drunk
', at the time. Seott's last words were, " I am
ij leady."" and immediately after, Lepine gave the
signal, and the unfortunate man fell, pierced by
.xevrral bullets. He tittered an exclamation as
he I'l'll, and, on approaching the body, it was
iouiid lliat life was not extinct. Some one in
the crowd spoke up. saying, ''put him oiit of
: his misery," aiul one of the liring party, named
j Iruilinette, discharued his revolver at his head.
[ The body ill forward on the left side, and was
' .xooii after put into a rude box and taken into
I the I'ort. There have been a good many sen-
sational re})orts pu1)lished as to the (h'ath of
|; Stott, but the following evidence, given by the
\'. l\ev. Cleorge Young at the trial of Ambrose
{ Lepine, for the murder of Thomas Scott, tried at
' Wiiiiiipefr at the Court of Queen's Bench, His
: Honor Cliii^f-.luslice Wood presiding, tells the
! terrible story so clearly that we venture to
reproduce it here. Being sworn, he said : " I
reside at Winnipeu-. and am a minister of the
Meliiodist (."hurch ; in 18iiit and 1S70 I resided
in the same place ; T was in the habit of visiting
Kori Garry generally once a week in the months
of .lanuary, February and March, to see the
prisoners; tlu're were two parties of prisoners;
the lirst were taken at Dr. SchnH/'s buildinu', and
tile (ither party oil' the prairie — the lirst party in
Deie'ul»er, and the otlu'r party in February; I
knew f liomas tScott ; he was taken in both cases •
llle^e ))ris()ners were in charge of Kiel and cer-
tain ollicers under him. as 1 understood ; I
I obtained permission from Kiel first ; for the lirst

few weeks I invariably obtained permission
whenever I went : subsecjuently 1 was not
reqiiired lO do this ; I oaw a number of others
who were said to be in authority, acting as
such ; it was said that under Riel there was an
Adjutant-Ueneral and several Captains; the
prisoner (Lepine) h(>ld the olHce of Adjutant-
Greneral ; I very often saw '..epine during my
visits : hi> seemed to be in posses,sion of power ;
: Riel was lir.st styled Secretary, and subsecjuently
' President ; Mr. Bruce was livst style(l rresident ;
I do not remember having any conversation
W'th Lepine prior to this date ; I remember the
I ofd of March ; nothing occurred till the evening
I to my knowledgi' ; on that eveiumi' ^ returned
home from the country, arriving' uoine about
nine o'clock ; soon alter a messenger named
Turnei came from the F'ort, inlorming me that
I was ri'quired at the I'mt : 1 asked by whom ;
he said by liiel ; he had ent for me, as one of
the prisoners had been sentenced to be shot, and
the prisoner had asked me to be sent for ; I went
with him, and. on entering tiie Fort, I went at
once to liini Kiel ; 1 went to his room, and was
told that he was at St. IJoniiaci" and would not
be back till next morniiie' ; then 1 went to see
Scott ; I found liiin in the corner of a room in
the building that had been used as a prison ;
he was alone and not in irons; the door was
guarded by a number of armed men ; when
I visited him the Saturday beUn'e. he was in
ircjiis ; this was on Tuc^lay oveniiiii' ; 1 asked
him if it was in accordan e with his wish
that I was sent for ; he told me it was ; that
he had been called before a Council of war that
afternoon, and condemned to die : he objected
, to the trial, as it was conducled in a language
he did not understand, but v.'as told it madi'
no difference, he was a bad '.• .t.i and had to
die, and was .sentenci'd to be shot the next
day, at 12 o'<lock ; lie told me he thought
they were quite bad enough to do it, but he
doubted if they dare do il ; I instructid hiin
the projier course for both of us was to act upon
' the presumption that it would be done ; the
first matters attended to was (o aive me the
address of lis mother and brothers, and place

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liivd il ; I
I'lilcfcd IIk

Ihr jiisldl I

j; iiicrccd ; I
; lliniiiij'li III
imssiiin' wit
llh' ImxIvJI

I'OIIM'lltcd, 1
' I IIK'l (idlll
'•' slcij-h ; I s
\\ should |)(' ;i

j llic niiiLili I (

' tlll'll Cilllll-

i| parlies' iiilli
|: t" 111' III ; I

'■', iiisiiii|> (>r I

I would lie
, di'iiiunslialii
^ lii'xl iiioi'iiiii
'' \iu'\ lor Hull
Il M>rry lo d
(irlirrMl, wli
Jl inslriiclcd il
IJ Korl, lis !„•
liiil'li'r llio IIJN
i' I" yivi' nic I
ij S<!()ir,s mill III

i)(ir where

(iOVHUNMKNT Ol" SI K" .lOIlN VolN*; I'lIK UKI' l.'iVKi; ri;( »C IlLKS.

iiikI I williiliew IVoin liiiii iiller driiwiiii'- llie iiilermciil of her son's Ixxly. ns il w.nild !).•
Iiliinirnld MS lie liiui asked me; jiisl llieii I met some little eoiuloit lor lier to know that iier
I'aie to i'liee two persons, whom I iisked to inter- ; son's Itody reeei\e(l Christian interment; tlie
I'lTe o(ie was (ionlet and llie otlier was answer was, as helore. lie eoiild not interfere with
( t'jIiiMiilnie ; I knew they liolh sjjoke Mniilish ; the ease; he seenn'd to lie xi-ry ni'ieh displeased
(idulel said his time had come, and he must die ; with the remark that he had a mother left to
() Dnnoiiui' said il had none very far, hut, did ■ mourn o\cr him In reply to His Lordsliip :
iKilliMiu' to prevent it ; diirinii- the lime ol ihis jj 1 have no personal knowledge who were U'iel's
<iiii\ersation Ihi'V removed Mr. SeotI from that '! Council ; Noiin, I knew, was Secretary lor Mr.

poiiil a short distan asl, and in this place he , l,epine; I have oMained passes Ironi him Ironi

was sliol ; Ihe lirinu' parly consisted of six |»er- I linu' to time. In reply to Mr Cornish: I siionld

sens : W liel

I they were ahoiil to lire upon him I think the liriiu;' party distant alioni twcnt

v or

luiiied awa\, not witnessini;' the act ; imme- thirty feet ; it <lid not so impress nn- at the time
(liatelval'li'rliruii;. heard his \ (lice, and returned ; as hcinii' as far as iiiioss the hall; I do not

he had fallen forwanl.the body lyint;- partly o

n recolle(

t wl

Id commam

led

liiinu parly ; I

:1s sidi' ; there was some indii'ation of life a i noticed a yreat deal of lilood alter Ihe jirinn' on
slinlit twitchim;' of tlic sh<iuldcr; some one the snow, and I heard his \<iice shout instantly
said " put him out of his misery, " when one of after the lirinu', tint did not recognise any

K're were two sounds, oin

lik

words

die pavtv Itiok a re\ i>l\ cr out of the pockel ol , w<irds ; Il
aiinlliei' of Ihe parly, and put it to ids hea<l and and Ihe other like a moan ; this was previous li
lired il ; 1 then, supposing- the man to lie dead, : the dis(diari;e of the pistol-shot ; after this tin
entered tile l''oil ; liefore and after the lirini; of i liox was ( iosed ; 1 ha\e no doulil at all o!' Ii
the pistol I oliser\ed that Scott's coat had heen '.\ death "

I. — K'iel's veu'^cance against Scolt was not
satislied with Ihe takiiu.^- of his life, hut extendi-d
lieyond the '^rave, ami not only

di.l I

le refuse to ni\e up the ,-. ..n- i,,..i

lul'llitiu ;iu.t\ «>1

W II.

pierced; I look it thai the liullets had jiassed

tliroui^h his (diesl and oul of his slmidder ;

passini;' wMtliiii the iinte I mel K'iel ; I asked lor

the hody, that I miii'ht iict it interred ; af lirst he

consented, liut very soon recalled that eonseni ;

1 niel (ioulet, and he said I had hoMer l-'cI a

sleiuh ; I Slid 1 ..liould he j."lad to do .so if I

should he idlowed ; at thai time the hody was in

the idiiuii 1 ox or I'ollin ; Naiill said he olijected ; I

then eaini- to town and tried to use some

parlies' inlliience Id ^el the hody delivered iip

Id 111' in ; I was told that if I would net the

Ilishop of K'uperts' Land to guarantee that il

would he liuried (|uietly and without any! t he house of Dr. Cowan and a hox, suppo.sed (o

<leiiioiistiation, we siiouhl have it ; accordinniy, ji contain the hotly, deposited in it , 'iiit after I In

next iiiorniiiL;' the Ilishop and myself waited on arrival of (.lovernor Andiihald. the h'e\ . Mr

hody to tile IJev Mr. Vounn l<ii
inl(>rnieiit, hid it is douhtful wlielher il was
ever interred at all, and th(> liiial disposition of
the hody remains a mysteiy to this d.iy. .After
the iirini^' lln^ U'ev. Mr, Voiini;- ask(>d IJiel for
the hody and he at lirst <onsented to nive il to
him, hut afterwards refused, sayinn" thai il
ludtiiified to Ihe Adjutant-deneral and would
lie imried in the l'\irt. A hoi

e was I

lui

near

Ivicl lor that
sorry to di

tlell

erat, will

iiislnicicd il

II Kort. as he 1

''nl'ler tlie His

l t

,' Sfdil's liiollli

jiurpose ; he told us he was very

N'ounn'ohtained ptu'in

sappoiiit us, liiif Ihe Adjutant-

H'rave oiiened in orde

o was resp<insihle for this case, had

sent to Scott's friend

to he interred in the walls of the

the hox, l)Uf there w

lad a rifi'ht to dJNpose of Die hody ;

and th" inferenee is

lio|> had left ! importuned Mr. K'iid

out of the hox after it

he liody, as 1 wished to write to

liiistion and sunk in t

■r that (lay ami inform her of the

(ioulet to .lolin ih'IK

issioii to lia\ e I lie supposed

r that the hones mi<;'lil h(>
Is for interment ; he found
,ere no remains inside it,

that the hody was laivcn

had been conveyed to Ihe

the river, as was stated liy

•e, and as was curri'Utly

"•■•■BpPillPH"

I '

i I

! I'

Idr

1. 12

Tr'ITf-K'S IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMFXIOX OK f'AXADA.

roporlcd ImiIIi mI tlic lime and iil'lcr. ('iM'liiiii it
is that (In- l)()(ly Inis iicvci' hfcii I'ouinl. and poor
Scotl's iiicnds lia\t' nol i'\ en tlii' incliinclioly
satisliu'lioii ol Unowinii' \\ liiTc his murdered
remains iiiy, and will, i)rol)al)ly, ever remain in
if^'noranrc ol' ilieir wlierealxnits, unless tlic
waters ol' the K'ed Kiver or Assinil»oiin' shoiild
some day cast them up. ll may l>e well to
Hole here Ihal in January. l.S7:{. iJielaud Lepiue
addressed a letter lo (Jovernor Morris, of
Manitoba, g'ivinj;' their version of the troubles
ol' lH(i'.t-70. in whi'h the only rel'er.'uee made to
this brutal murder ol' Sf olt was as IMlows: " The
Indians ol' (he entire country- those below
I'^ort de I'ierre and those at the I'ortai^-e, who
wore apjiarenllv the most excited — seemed
ready to threaten tiie ci.uulry with one ol' their
attacks. l']ven the prisoners who were kept at
l''ort (rarry, ha\ inj^ had \\in<l ol' these plottiniis
outsich', and beinii' cncoura^'cd by thei.i, wer(>
hurried on to acts ol' extreme violence. Many
ol' them, notably Mr. M.Lcod and T fc'cott, beat
their i)risoii nates, ami insulted, and went so far
as to strike their liuards, invitiuii- their I'ellow-
l)risoners also to insult lliem. Seeinu' then that
a punishment, long deserved and terrible, could
alone restrain these excited men. and lindiiiii'
ourselves compelled lo avert evils with which
we were threatened by the inhabitants ol' the
Portaii'e conspiriuii' with Indians — in a word to
se<'ure the triumph ol' peace and onh-r which it
was our <iuty to establish throui;ho\il the
settlenuuit, we had recourse to the I'uU authority
of Government." That was all I hey had to
oiler in excuse or extenuation '. this cowardly
and wanton murder.

T). — The brutal murder ol' Scolt had. to some

extent. Ihe elllct (hsirod bj' Ifiol ; the linglish

Ilall'-broeds s<'em lo have become

The. (•IICCI ulS.Mlll^ 1,1,. ...

iiiiiniisr. .\ n!i«n ..I convinceu that It would be
useless to have recours<' to lorcie
unless the lmi)erial or Dominion authorities
sent a body ol' troops to restore order ; and those
Canadians who had not already lei't the Settle-
ment proceeded to do so with as little delay as
possible. The Commissioners appear to hav(>
l)ecome convinced tlnil alter this act ol" wanton

violence, their occupation as peace iiesiotiatovs
was yone, and Mr. Smith s.iys in his report ;
" Al'ter this <iate I held no conimunit alii.n
whatsoever with ifiel, except in rel'eience in
fi-ettiny away I'lom thi' coiinlry, which I was
nol allowed to leave wilhoul a pass. I i'ell tli;,i
under the circumstances it was not desirable
that 1 should remain Ioniser at iv'ed Uiver, but
it was not until late in the niuht ol'the Isih
thai iiiel j^ave permission Tor my departure
I'jVi'ry one who couhl Li<'t away seemed loiiiiuk
the Settlement a Li-ood |)lace to "ct out ol'. and
those who were obliiied to remain wi're comi-
pelled /icr Jiirrr lo eive a sidlen anil dissatislinl
consent to the I'ro\ i.sional (iovcrnmeiit, leeliicj
themselves powerless to resist Uiel and lii^
armed rollovvers. The lives ol'the whole Settle-
ment were in one man's hands, Inr altlioUL;!i
Kiel nominally had a Council, lie ruled despot-
ically, and urave Tears were entertained that
he would wreak his veni^eance on more nl'
the unrortunate prisoners — iiuh'e<l it was pretty
li'enerally understood that other execmlions wen'
to lollow that of Scott, and probably would h;n e,
but for the arrival ol' Hishoj) Tachcon the ninth
ol' March. Durini^ this reiun ol' terror Kiel con-
tinued to " fare siimptuously every day" on I lie
plinuh'red stores ol' Ihi- Hudson's Hay Company.
and other t^oods which had been " conliseated "
by his orders, and druukeniu^ss and debauchery
prevailed amonnt the "soldiers" in possession
ol'the Fort.

(). — We now turn lo the mission ol nishop
Tache, who. it will lie remembered, had con-
sented by telef'Tai)!!, on the

J ■ 1 ,1 1. I , , !■ 'I''"' "li-"''"! "f

eio-hth ol .laimarv, to return iiom tii,-i r.i.ii. ,

K'onu'. Th(^ iiishop made his

I way as speedilv as possible lo Ottawa, where ln'
received inslruclions I'rom the ( ioverumeiil as
to the nature and extent of Ids mission. These
instructions may l)e briefly sumnuvri/ed as beini:

j to assure the llall'-ln-eeds of Ihe kindly in

r ■ ■

tentions of i\n\ Canadian Government, to iii\ ilc
' deleiiiites to Ottawa, and to oiler amnesty lor
ji past oli'ences, as promi.sed in the Goveriiei-
i, (ieiu'ral's j'roclamation of the sixth December.*

i * 'I'liu riilln-viiiK Ixtliir I'roiii Sir .liiliii A. Miiciloiiiilil I'lilly uxiiliiiii..' lli'

His Lorcb

l''cl)iiiary,
third, will
liiulits. pa
(111 till' ll

iriti.|ili.Mi-..rilii
r..i'|.iilji' ilii. Ill'

(I'riv.iii. )

.M\ l>i \ii l."i<i.
:liiiik ll ivi'lllii
llcr li"n.i|' III 111

I liiiirl, llliii I.
i <I.i<-lini|.|ll, III l.r

\ III ||I...1'I\ I.. IIM'

I I lii.|ii. Ih.il i-n

I |.\|iliili'ili<in.. III.

I .-'iil.ilirrr^ iinij S

Cm.Tiiiir .VIiii-'I'.i

!.tlfll I'll-f, li>' lllr

tmlilii- rillirljiiM.'il

.\-^1ll|liiii.'l Uill ill'

I W ill >..u l.r kill

I lil'l|:iMi.| Ml.. ClIM.

I Miil.\ I III' i.'.iM'ni
I Mil' I Ii'iil'ili'iilii

I Vi.1l. .Mill .lr-il'|. M.i
I illll'lllliill iirC.'lliliil

Iri'i' iii'lihiliiiri.'. »

I llilil hr-i' III

I lia.l I I. li.iiL- I

iIii'miikIi .Mr ,M,'|in

; li'Hri'll Ill wHli r

I III. I'.' Ili;ll I III')'

I I ii-i.l.i'.'iiiil ri'|„

I iiiniii'.liiih'l.v 1,1' .'III,

I ll i< llllli..ll> lillll

iiHiiil's.^li.iiilii al lir>

iilttlhi- liuvc'i' I'll

IV.iiii Ihi' I'liniiiliiiii

I'liiiii.liiiii IVii'liiiiiii'i

'V> ll H..11M III. Ill

ll Il.'lli.ill lllli'U.lj

lli'il ll h. ..ifMiii/i- 1
iii'.'r.-,-iir.v, ihiii ilii'i

j V'.;i Hill 111' f I

I li>»l iIhliikIi (

j .■"llllllllllii'jii' will, I

j III:' li'll.'l, mill iiil,

I'liiia.liiiii liiivi'i'iiiiii

i lIlUl III. Ilil.- llll'i'iiily

I lii.'ii-i'ii ili'li'k'iiii,
j lliriullini ihi'v mil
"iili'ii'il. TlM'iri'\|„
j aiiiinii.uiii |„. ,{,'!,..

' VnlMII'i. i|i|l||..rizi'
liirill >||;||1 I'.'iii.iiii
ilMi'ii.l u\ liisl ,1,1,1111

I l^ll'illlil (111. iiui'Slic
lirl'.iiKiiil.' t.i Mill II
llllllli.li/.'.l In iiil',,1',
r.'sl'.ii'.l, II.. I Miily „i

'' iMiiy -li.iiilil ,'1,1

'ii'Vlllllllilll Kill sill

*( i.-liiiin.M.ii a |,|',,;

I lii'ir III 1

■''"llii'llittlil HuviTo:

(;oVKR\MKNT OK SI I? .HHIN YOITNCI— TUB IJKD IllVKR THOriUilX

l.'CJ

His Lonlsliip li'lt Oltawii on tin- sixtooiith of
!•', Iiiii;irv, lUid nirivcd iil St rjiul oulho (wiMity-
lliiiil. wlii'io li" n'cfivt>(l 11 copy ol' the Hill of
liiiilils, passed by tlu' Coin rutioii at l"'orl (iarry
oil tiic U'litli. 1I>' tclt'iirapht'd lli>' Mill lo

inli'Mli'iii>nriln' (iiiM'niiuiMil.iiiHl till' p.iui'i^ >villi wliii'h it h;i< inri'mlcil
l,.il..llir llii' lli-hcir': -

(|i|l,.i|,. ) IlKlMllTMKM (IK .llSIIIK,

On»HA,('AX\iiA. I'nlMimiy liilli, I"*"".

.\l\ Ih Mi l.llllM.-llrr"U> >"!! ll'.'lVI' OllilWH nil yiMir llli-siilll 111 |illlllM'. 1

ihiiik il "I'll I" ri'iliu'n III wriliiiK llii' «iiIi^Iiiiiim' nf llii' <'"iivi'r.'':ili(iii I liiiil
Mil' h.in.if Id 111 ■ with yiMi lliis iniiriiiiiir.

I iiiiii'ii lliis Ii'ih'i' *' |iri\!il*'." in nriliT tli:il it iiiii\ iml III' iii.-iili' II imlilii*
iliifiiiiii'iil. IM III' ciillcil I'lii-liy I'lirliiiiiii-iil |<rriii:iiuri'l> : lull ymi iir*' iiuiU'
;it lil'i'rl> I" iifi' il in siii'li il miMiiii'r ;i.- ,\ihi iii;i> (liink iin'si inhiiiiliii: i-.

I liM|>i' liijt iTi' yon iirriM' iit l''«>t'l (•ui'r.\, Ihr iti^nru'i'iits, itl'li'i- llif

i'\|il;iliili<'n- lliiil iiiiii' I " I'lilili'il inl" I'V iMi">Ms. Thiliiinll. Iir

S.il.ilirtTv iiimI Suiilli. will liiiM' laiil iliiwri llii'ir iirrii^, iiii-l iillowi'il
rmi'i'tior ,Mii(-'r:i\ i.-li lo I't'-innc tin- ailiniiiisirMliiui nl' piiMir titVitir^. tn
sih-lt I'ji'i', liy llii' Art III' till' liii|irri.:l I'lirliiiiiicnl nl' liisl M'>-inii, iill llu'
imlilii' riiiM'li<>n;ii'ii'>i will shil |-i-rii:iiii in piiwiT, iiml llii> ('niiin-ij nl'
A-isjiiiliniii will III' I'l'^tnri'il tntlii'ir InriniT imvitimi.

Will >nii III- kind niniitrli In innki' lull i'\|iliiiiiil inn 'n llic rniini'il nii
lii'lijiM'nl the ('iitiii'tiiiii (inviTiinii'iil ti'' In I III' ti'i'liiiK" wliii'li tininijili', tml

iitliy llll' tinVITIinl- liiMirr.il. Iilll till' W l|n|i' I invrni niclit , w i I II ri"'|it'rt tn

Il mill' nlilcilini: Willi till' Nnllll Wi'^l, Wn liil\n lllily I'Vpililli'il tn

tin- iii-t lint inns wliii-ji tlii-y tlictn-'i'lM'.'' I'liinx.
1I:m1 iini ilir-<i' iitil'urlniiiitr ovriitM ni'i'iirri'it. Ilu> ('iiiniiliiin (invi'rtnni'iit

li:i<l llii|M-l, Inliu' Cl'l' llli.i. Ill liavd I'l ivi''l II .I'jinrt t'l-nin tin' Cnllni-il

tlii'iiiiiili -Mr iMi-l>niiKiil], as III tlic licsl iiii'iiiiH III' siuTitily nrKiiiii/iiiu llii'

linVi'i-;. Ill W!<ll ri'in'r.-rlltllliM' iliSl it 111 inllS.

I liii|ir that ilii-y .'ill III' iilili' iniini'iliali'ly In laki' up Unit hiiIiJi'i'I, ami
I'M-. >iiHi|i'i- anil ri'iiiirl, wilUniil ilclay, nii llii' tfclieral imliiy llnil slnnilil
llllllli'iliali'ly I.I' ai|n|iti-.l.

Ill- ..In >tiiat lln-ninr.1 ini'X|irnsiM' lumlc Inr Ilic ailniinislratinii nl

atlaii's sli-iiiiil at lirsl I i|n|i|i-il. A." the pri'liniiiiary rxin'iisi' nl'nrK-'ini/.'

iiiK (III' tiiiMTiiincnt alti'rnninn with ('iinaila- iiitist in Ilic tirsi )ii' ilclrtiyril
rriiiii till' ('aniiilian 'I'l'i-l-itni-y, tln-ri- will Im a natural i.li.ii't-linn in llii-
rinia.liaii I'liiliiinii'iil In a Iui-ki- i'.\|K'nililni'('.

As II w.'iil.l In' iliiwif;ii til sulijoi'l III*' li'l-rilnr;,- In ii ri'i'ilrri;lu'(' nl llu'
liiiltiili:ili<>ii alri-a.ty Miirm-il li\ <in\ i-riinr Mai-Tax isli, >'nii .-an iiitni-ni liiiii
llial il li>'ni't.'aiii/i-^ a lni*al |>nli.-r, nl' l\\ i'iit> li\ i- nii-ii nr innii-, ir al.MiltlU-ly
iu-.-i-s,'ar,\ . thai tin- i-xi-i'ii.-i' will iii' lii-lraxi-tl liy tin- i'aiiailian (i.i\ i-i'iiiiii'iil.

\ "W will 111- IS I i-iiniiijli t.iriiili'in t nil' In tin. I .nit .M.iiikiiniii, t lir |iri-snii

III wli.iiii, till-.. in;li ('nl.>iii-l lli-iinis, Mr .Miii-il.iin;all v-iim' iii>tiin-tinii.> in
roliniiiniii-ali' with lln'Stillran.v ImliaiiH. Hi' slnnilij In' ll^kl-■l Insnrri'ii.l.'r
lii-" Irllri', anil iiilnrtni'il lliat hi' ntm'ht mil tn |irni'i-i'.i i>.>ii it 'rhc
Cilliailiaii lliiVi'Viilni'iil will .-i-i- that he i- i-nlilpi'iisati'.l l.-r . ny i-.xpi'in-i'
Iliat III' ha.- alri'ail.x iiii-iini'il.

Ill .-aM- a .li-li-natinii is apjinlnti'il In [irni'i't'il In ollavMi, .Mill fan assiirr
lliriiiiliat thi'v will III' kiniUy ri'orivril, ami llirir .simKolimis liill.\ I'nii
>i'lrri-<l. Tln-ir i'\pi'nM'.-< i-nininK hi-rr ami ri'tnriiitiif, ami wliiln stii.\ iiiK in
llltana.Hill li.-.lilniyi-.l l-y n.i.

Vmu an- aiilli..rizi-.| l.i stall- Unit Ihi' Iwn yi-ars iliirii-K wlii.'h llm in'i'si'nl

liinir ■liall I'l-inain niii|i.-<liirlii'il, will i iiin'in'o liniii l.t .laiinary, IsTl,

in.-tia.l nl lasl .liinnary. a.-< lir.-l |irii|insi-il.

Slmiilil |lii< i|iu-s|inn ari.st' an In llii< cniisii nipt inn nl' any ."Inri's nr Kimils
I'l'l'iiiitiiii; l.i ihn llinlsnii's Hay (Niinpany hv tin' in.-'iir>;>'nt.-<i ynii am

aiilli.iii/.-,l I., inrnrni Ihi- I Ii-r.i Unit il' tin' ('-'inpany'." linvi'rnini'iil is

ri-si..i.'.|. lint Lilly n ill ilii'ri' In- a Kcncral anini'>t> ifriinli'il. hut in nisi' tin-
I "iiipaiiy -hniil.l .-liiiiii tin- payini'iil Inr sin'li sinri-s, thai tin- l.'aimiliaii
•invi-iiininil will siaiiil l.i-twin-n tin- insni-K- ills ami all harm.

^\i.■llill^■.^nll a iniis|.i-rinis jniirni-y ami happy ri-sulls.
I li.'n In ri-tniiin, with urnal ri'sptn'l,
Vniir M'ry riiilhrnl si'r\iiiit.

-KUIN A. MAChONAl.l)
I" till' KiKht Itovcrc'iiil lliuUi»ho|nirSl. Ilniiiliu'i), Fori (lurry.

Mr. Howe, and on tiic (wcnts-liflh, rccciv cd

lilt' lollowini^- n

ply

Prr

opositioii 111 I he main
salisl'm-lory, l)iit Id (he di'lt'ii'iition conic iicrc lo
scUlc tcniiN." The Uishop then proceeded on
his wny and reached |''ort (Jarry on ihc iiiiiliiof
March, Jnst live days afti-r Scott had heen
nmrdercd, and ([uickly set hiin.seli' to work lo
retitoro peace in the sctllcnieiil. Uisliop 'rnchc
has hecii one of the l»est ahiised men in Caiinda
for the jiarl lie look in eiidcavoriiiii' to (|iiict the
disturbances in Ihc North- W'c.-^l, and has l)ccn
called "disloyal," "traitor," and oilier oppro-
brious names, I aiise he iccot;'nized the

Provisional (lovernmeiil, and eiilcred into
ne<>-otiations wilh Kiel, al'icr the murder of Scolt.
We do not desire lo oiler any excuse or aiioli>L;y
for Ihshop Till he ; his coiidiicl, on the whole,
was peaceful in its tendency and liappv iu li
results ; but he seems to have bocoiue alllicted
with that. I'acililv for makinsr mistakes, with tho
very best intentions, wlii«'h iu turn allacked
almost, every person connected with h'ed h'ivcr
ali'airs about this time. The Imperial and
Dominion (io\ ('rnments both made mistakes in
supposiniif that the people of h'ed h'iver would
allow themselves to be transferred from one
tSoverninent to another, without beiiii;- consulted
in the niiitler ; the I<'rench llaif-breols and
ollicers of the lludsons l>ay ('oiiii)any made
mistakes when they thouu'ht liiat a show of
armed resistance would friiihteii Canada from
her bariiain, and induce her lo h'l the h'ed
K'iversetlieiiieiit severely alone ; Mr. Macdouu'all
made a mistake when he pr(»laiiiied himself

tJoveruor of the

errilorv, wi

thoiit

waiiiim:

SCO whelher the territory had been formally
transferri'd lo Canada or not; the Camulian
Commissioners nuide a mistake wheji they
tacitly acknowledged the " l'ro\ isional (ioverii-
meiit,'" without anyanlhorily from liie Canadian
Government lor so doiiii;' ; Kiel made a mistake,
when he ordered the murder of Scott, without
takiiij^ into aeeouiit the sure retribution which
must follow from both Imi)erial and Dominion
authorities; aiul IJishop Tachc conlinued the
serit's of niistak.'s by sui)posiiiii' that the murder
ol Scott did not alfec.t the iiislructioiis he had

i: I

! I'

I I

134

TI'TTLFS HISTORY OF THH DOMTXIOX OF CANADA.

rcci'ivt'd oil IciU iiig Ottawa, and that he was still
empowered to promise a full and complete
amnesty to the insurs^ents. That the Bishop
,vas honest and earnest in his eiHleavors to
restore peace, we think even his greatest enemies
will admit, now that the lapse of time has cooled
the heat ofjiarty ana reliiiious animosity which
was very yreal at the time ; that in his anxiety
to secure ihat tranquility he overstepped the
bounds of his instruitions. we believe men his
warmest suiijiorlers will be willincf to t.llow.

7. — The Council of the •' Provisional Govern-
ment," elected in accordance with the resolution
FiiM iii,iiiiit'..r tiic passed at the Convention which

" I'l'ivi-iiMiiii I'iirliii- I , ., .... iAi.u 1.'' u

111." .v.i.iius.-^ i,y clo.sed its sittnms on 10th i't'b-

iii.^h.p|. niche.. K.- ;, ,. .

h;\fv ..f |.ri«(mcr^. ruary, met ior the iirst time on

IHh March, but beyond a speech from " I'resi-
deiit ■' Riel nothinq- was done, as only eight
Frem h and nine Knijlish members were present,
and the meetinu' adjourned until the loth. On
that day the " l^icirislature " re-assembled, and
after notices of two motions had been given,*
Bishop Tachc was introduced by liiel, who,
in the course of his remarks, said : — " He
felt extreme pleasure in presenting to his
Lord.ship the Jlrst Legislative Assembly of this
country, representing all classes of the people,
and in the name of the people represented by
the honorable members of this Legislative
Assembly he bid his Lordship welcome and
congratulations on his safe return amongst
them.'t His Lordship, in reply, said that he
did not come in an official capacity, but simply
to use his exertions to unite all classes and
restore peace and order. He intimated that the
Canadian Government was very much dis-
satisfied with the actions of Mr. Macdougall- -
an announcement which was received with

cheers — and was anxious to do justice to
the people of the settlement. Ho concludrd
by asking' for a release of the prisoners, a
request which Kiel u'ranted. sayinsr that tln'v
should be released that evening, and the re-
mainder as speedily as possible. The Hou.m^
remained in S(>ssion until the twenty-sixth ol'
March when it *vas prorogued until the twenlv-
sixth of April, at which time a committee was to
rejiort a "Constitution " ibr the Provisional Cf-
vernineiit. Durinu' the session, acts were pascd
appointing a military force of fifty mi'U, who

I were to be recruited tor two months' service
and receive ,C3 sterling i)er month and board;
for indemnity to members, at the rate of |") pir
day; for regulating the hay-cutting privileiie,

i and for the adminstration of justice.

8. — On the twenty-eighth r.l' March, Rii'l
addres.seda letter to Governor MacTavish oliei-
ing to give up the property of ,t.,|„„„ „, „„.
the Hudson's Bay Company and j'i';;:'|';;:','v'li.,y"'

: allow the resumption of business, '"'"''■'"J-
on tondition that certain amounts should l)o
" advanced " to the Provisional Government in
money and goods.* The terms oli'ered were

• 1 111' Inllinviiit.' niifii'i'^ 1)1' iiinliim wcri' nivcn :—

Hull. .Mr liisN.— Thill the iluvermiu'iil iif Knt'liiml, the Ciuimrnin
(lovcTiinuiit. and Ihi' lliulsim'-i B:i.,' Comimny, liiivu iKiinrocl mir riithtii ii.<
IJrilish >iit>,i('i'ts. when i1k\v ciilcn'd inli) iirrantrfiiK'iit.^ nii the .^nlOi-ct nt'
llic Hiinrcr 111 thi' iImvi'IiiiiU'iiI nl' the Xn-th-Wi'.-t In the IVimiiiMMi "f
Ciiii.'iihi, wilhiiiit eDii.-ulliiiK the wishes «( the iienplo "f the Xnrth-Weft
Territitr.\'.

Unii. .Mr. .Scott. — Ihat nntwith.^tandiiiK the in.-^ults aii<' yutVerintrs huriie
by the iieoplu nllhe Xurth-Uesl heri'l'il'"re, ami whnh they still eialiiro.
the In.vally iil'thc peuiile ul'the Xcrlh-Wesl tnwaivl the Cnnvn nl' KiiKianil
remains the sime. jirin'ileil ilie riuhts and iiniia-rtieH, ii.<ai.'e,<iinil ciislinns
ol'lhc |ic"|i'e he re.speetoil

t AVw AVifmii, 2n'l Arnil, 1>*7».

\] ' T') Wii.i.HM .M mTu i.sii, I'.Sij ,

li;rini;i-<,/ llif llii(lin,i\ ll,i!i Cuiiiliiinil, !il lliv .\'',iih- U'xl;
Si I!,— In rerui'ence In mir interview reirarcliiiKthe iiRairsnl' tin- llndson'.-
Hay Cnnii '.ny in this eoiinnv. 1 liave the hnnnr to a.ssure you ihat uiy
I irreat desi.^' is to u-.eii as soon as pnssihle. in the intere^t.s ol* the pei'i'le,
I , I'ree and luidi.-tnrhed. the eoinnierce of the ■oiintry.
! ! The people in rallyiiiK themselves to the Provisional ISovernment nitli
1 1 nnaiiimity, iireserihes to eaeh ol' us our resiieelive eonduct.
j I 'riie Provisional iioverninent, established upon the iirinciple «if juslict'
I and re.ison. will t'ullil its work.

liy the aetioM id' the lludson'.s l!ay Company, its eommereia I iiileie-Is
' may he siived loa eertain extent : hill Ihat is entirely for your eonsideiii-
' lion, and depends upon the Company itself. I have lu.d the honor to icll

you that arramremenis (Vere possible, and the fidlowlui.' are tin i-

\ dilions : -

1st 'I'hat the whole of the Company in the Xortli-West shall reeo^'nisi.'
the I*rovisional liovernmenl

2nd. That .vou. in the name of the Hudson's Hay Company, do atinc tu
hain the Provisional (lovernment the sum of three thousand puinnh
sterlinir.

.'ird. Tiiat i.n demand hy the Prnvisional Iioverninent, in ease arrani-T-
nients with Camola should he opposed. .\'on do ffuarantee a .sup]ilenienl of
two thousand pounds sterliiiB to the above inentioneii sum.

Itli. That there shall be ^rranled by the lindsoird liay Company, for the
support of the present military lorec, Koods and provisions to the value "f
lour thousanil pounds sterliiifral enr'^ent prii'es.

olh. That the lludsmi's liay Comiaiiiy do immediately put into einu-
lation their hills.

lith. That the Provisional (iinernment shall also retain an addilioiial
speoified ouantity of ^.'oods in the store of the liiiii- in's Pay Compaay.

In aecepliiiK the above eonditions. the llndson's Hay Company will he
allowed to resume its business, under the pri>teetioii of Ihc Provisimml
(iovernment.

'"flliarry, .Mareh2S

MiilII n-'cui-MiifU

UOVRRNMKNT OF SIK .loll.V YOrNC— THK RKD RlVKi; TliOUBLKS.

l.tj

liiiallv iiurccd to, Uw. bulk ol' tlu' goods of thi'
i Company rostoird, and it was allowed to rcsum*'
business. Thcro have not l)een wantinii' those
1 wiio claim that this whole transaction was a
preconieited plan between Kiel and th(^ Hud-
son's l!ay (."onipany olhcials, I'or the purpose of
I huldiiiu' the Canadian tlovernment responsible
! lor all loss sustained by the Hudson's Bay
Company, under the promise ronveyed in f^ir
[ John A. Macdonald's letter to Bislioi) Tache,
! dated 10th February, 1870, and that this
formality of releasing the property, nmking a
I'oned loan, &f., was only adopted as a means
whereby to furnish the Company with data on
whieh to found the bill which was afterwards
to be rendered to thi> Canadian Government.
lie this as it may, the little scheme was not
successful; for the condition contained in the
letter, "if the Comi)any"s Government is
restored," was not complied with, and it was so
evident that the resident oihccrs of the Company
were implicated in the insurrection, that
when a vote of $40,000 was asked from Parlia-
ment tocom]>ensate those who had suffered loss
, from the action of tht^ Half-breeds, it was
I expressly stipulated that not one cent was to be
! paid to the Hudson's l?ay Company, aiul that
' Corporation had to bear the loss of .stores used,
' iVc, l)v the insurgents durinu' their tvn months
■ occupation of Fort Garry, the cost \7hi0h has
; been estimated at X'oO.OOO.

I !t.-.Tudge Black, Rev. Mr. Richot and Alfred

Scott, the delegates to the Canadian Govern-

ii(.i«irinri' ..f iii,. meut, left Fart Garry about 24th

i i^ilj;';:;/!;;,!,!^!^' "' March ami arrived in Ottawa

I""''"'- about 11th April. They bore

I'l'i-I ii.irr.v will liu Dpun. Iml in llio iiU'MiiwIiilo. il lii'iim the .-^iMt iif
linviMiiiiicm.:! sniiill tfUiHil "ITiri.v iiu'ii will lie rctiiini'il.

Miil.v llu' lHiil(liii).'s nt pri'si'iil iiucupiuil li.v the tiovcniiiieiit will he
rcHTVfil fill' (ioviTiiinciil luiripcisus.
SiH'li.Sir, urt' the iMitnlitions which the silimtioii iiii)K».'^('S ii;)i>ll it.-^.
1 liiivcn iliil.v til lu'rli'rin Iroiii whii'li I shrill iint retreiit. 1 mil iiwiiro
ihiit yon liill.v |i.»o<.< ilii' kimw IlmIsii' iil yiiiii- ,liit.v. ami I tni.il that your
iliri.-icMi will he liiviiliililr.

.^11"" iiieliere tii exino- my ilci'p IViliiiK "T syiii|iatli.v fur yiiu in your
coiitiiiin'il illness, mill to .simerely trust that ymir health iiiiiy be s|ieeclily
restnreil.

1 ha\e the liiimir tn he, .Sir.

Vuiir must iiheilieiit servant,

1.1)1 IS lUKI.,
I'resiilelit.

^ lillVKUXMKNT IIOISK, (

Flirt liiirry, Mareh a*, 18711. i

with them Commissions from tin- Provisional
Government* and were ollicially recognissed by
the Secretary of .State for the Provinces on 2t!th
April. [• The arrest of two of the delei:ates on
a charge of complicity in the nnirder of tScott,
their release and the success of their mission to
Canada will be dealt with in another Chapter;
we will for the present conline ourselves to the
order of events as they occurred in the Settle-
ment. With the arrival of Bishop Tache and
the departure of the delegates the change i'or
the better began to take place. The prisoners
were released, the Hudson's Hay Comi>any
resumed operations, aiul, although Jiiel still kept
an armed guard in Fort Garry, and held high
carni\al there on the rum and provisions he
had " borrowed " from the Hudson's ]5ay Com-
liany, a feeling of more security began to prcvade
the community, especially after it was known
that the Hnperial and Dominion authorities
would send a force of one thou-and trooi)s up
in the Spring and that the Civil authority
would be peacefully inaugurated by having a
military force sullicieiit to compel submission,
if necessary — an extremity, however, for which
the necessities daily grew less. Shortly after

•T.I Ke\.\..l. linihii. I'll-.. Ae. :

.SiK,— 'I'he Presiilent nf the Pruvi.sional (Jineriinient of Assiniljuia. in
Cinineil, liy the.se |. resents Krauts mitlnirity ami i-ninniissinii tn >iiu. the
llevereiij X. ,). Kielint, .iiiintly with .lulin ISIaek. Ks,,., ami the linn. .\.
.Seott, to the einl that .\oii hetake yniirselve.s to Ottawa, in Cjimnla. ami
that when there you sinnilil lav l>i I'ure the Cmiaili;iii I'mliatnent the list
eutrii.steil to your kee|.iinf with tiie.se iiresent.s, wliieh list eontaiii^ the
eiinilitimis ami iiroii'.sitiiins umler whieh the iieople ot ,\ssiiiiiioia wonlil
eon.sent to enter into Cont'eileralioii with the other Pio\ inee- of C;tnaila.
Siifiieil, this twenty-seeoml ilay of .\lareh, in the year of our l.orJ. one
thousaiiil ei^■ht luimlreil ami .seventy,
liy oriler,

Tllil.M.\S lilX.V,
Seat of liovernuieiit. Wiiinipeir. t Seeretary of State.

A.ssinihoia. ^

On.vH.\. .Viuil Jiith, IHTO.
t (iK.vrl.KMKX,— I have to iieknowleils-'e the reeeirt of your letter of the
twenty-seeoml inst., slalintr that a.s ilelet-'iites from the N'oith-West to the
tioveriiinent of the Dominion of Camnhi. .voii are ilesirous of hawiiit an
early anilienee with the ilovermuciit. ami aiuto inform you in reiily that
the lion. Sir .lolin A. Macilomihl ami Sir (ieo. E. Carlier have heeii
aiittiori/eil hy the iio\ernnien' to eonfer witli yon on the suli.ieet ot' your
mission, ami will he reaily to reeeive jou at eleven o'eloek.
I have the honor to he.
iientleinen,
Viiuriniist obeilient servant.

.lOSKl'll IlUWK.
To the Kev.

X. .1. RiiiiiiT, I'tr.

J. Bl.AlK, Ksl^
Al.l'KKll SlIITT, Ksij.

:■ f

< t

;^^:|

i::r-

■ r ! i .■

130

TrTTLF/S iriSTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Hoifitini; tliu '* I'liioii
Jiifk " uvorj-'nrt
<iiirr.\'. The Muiiitnljii
Art itcft'i'tcil

the arrival of HiNhop Tarht' the aniu-xntioniHt
Editor ol' tlie Netn Nnlion loft that paper and
itis puhlicatioii was suspi'iulcd lor two weeks.*
On its n'-appt'arancc, under the uianuiioment ol'
Mr. Thouia.s Spi-nce, it became '• dreadl'ully
loyal," and continued so until the arrival ol' the
troops

10. --On the twenty-second of April, at the
earnest request ol' Bishop Tache, the " Hag of
the Provisional Government"
more commonly known as the
"Kenian T'lai^' ' was hauled down
at Fort Garry and the Union Jack hoisted in its
place. This led to a hitter altercation between
Riel and U'Uoiiohue, which nearly terminated
in blows, and the upshot was that a llaji' pole
which was standing in front of Dr. Schultz's
house was taken down, removed to the side of
the pole on which the Union Jack was hoisted
and the Provisional Hay' also run up, so that the
two Uaii's tlew side by side — only, the pole to
which the latter was attached being the taller of
the tw o, it Hew highest. t Riel now beiame de-

• ^..^Ikpip Tiiclii', ill 11 letter t the tnllowiiiK ^'tiitement ii..< to wlmt tiiiil oeeiii-red ..^inee his
iirriviil :— "Tlie lii>t week iil'ttr my iiiiiviil hull' nf the prisoner..' were
lilienited, aiicl tii lliis was aiMeil the iirnnii. e that the rest wnulil snon
I'dlhiw. An c.-fpeiliiiiiii, the ulye.-t dl' whieh was to generalize the
insiirreelioiiiil inovenieiit in the interior, wa^- s|o|.|ieil. The .V'" .\ftiinii
was siis|ien>leil on aeeount ol its e\|iressiiiK the ilesiru of aniie.Milion with
the I'liiteil States.

"Tlicseeuml week no more prisoner^ were in »:ai>l. anil the ileleKaliun
."tarteil lor Ciiiiaila. .Moreover, a m.in was iireventi (1 I'rom Boiiiii to the
States, as it was siispeeteil that his intention was to ask the iiiil of
I'enian !.

'•Tlie tliiiil week, the tnnliiitr-posl ol .Manitoha wliii'li hail been sicncil,
was restoii..| to its liisl owners. The .Vi "■ .VoO'.oi, the nrwin anil properly
of the Provisional (iovernnieiit, hetran to pmelaiin niienly the neee.ssity of
loyalty to the Crown, ami the ailvantaire o; an honorable settlement with
the iJoiiiiiiion of Camilla. The last obtrusion in the road was removeili
anil ihini-'croiis t'atherini-' of the Imliaiis bcitan to disperse.

" The fourth week (on oertiiin eonditions. it is true.) the furs and balance
of troods at Kort Carry were restored to the hands of the Hudson's IJay
Company, and business resumed.

"The filth week.tliepostol White Horse I'lair.-, the Mily one reinaininir
in the possession of the l*ro\ isional (ioveriiment, vvas i-dveii baek to the
Company.

'"rhe sixth weei;, the " i'arly ILib" (whieh was never the Fenian llai;),
was rei. bleed by the old '■ I'liion .laek." not without snme little ditlinilty.
but the noble Hritisli standaid has lloated siiiec- I'eaee and eonlidenee
are prevailing, and without any e.veeidion the whole eommiinity is joy-
fully antieipatini: the speedy seilleineut of our I'list ilitlieiilties by onr
complete and iieiieeable union with Canada."

t The Torinio r//.,/„ , of ISili .Mav, IHTii, trives the follnwioi,' .qeeount of >.
this oeeiirrenee. beiin,- |iart of a stiitement made to a reporter by Captain I
Webb, who had just returned from Fori Harry:— I

'' lliirim-'bis sojoiiriiai the Fort.Cnptain Webblieanl from many friends j
the partieulars of the altcreation between Kiel and C'llonohue reBiirdini.' I
tlie flai,', whieh should predominate over the Fort. I'revious to this little ]

monstratively loyal and had his band play
" God save the Queen "' every night. On th.'
twenty-sixth of April, the '• Leuislative Asmhi-
bly" again met and remained in .session until ihc
ninth of May, their time being occupied in
framing laws for the Government of the Terri.
tory. On the Queen's Birthday an attempt was
made to celebrate it: the students at St. lioiii-
face College fired a feu ile. Jnie, races were held,
and a grand concert was uiven in the eveiiiiio.
while many enthusiastic gentlemen got " truly
loyal drunk, " as the New Nation expressed it
On the seventeenth of June, Father Richoi
returned from Ottawa, and, on the twenty-thinl
the third .session of the Legislature was i mi-
vened to hear his report of his conierence wiih
the Dominion Ministry. After his explaniitimis
— which inchuled an assurance that amiie>ty
would be proclaimed before the troops arrived—
Mr. Schmidt ottered the following resolution:
'• That the Legislative Assembly of this country
do now, in the name of the people, accei>i ihi'
Manitoba Act, and decide on entering the Do-
minion of Canada, on the terms proposed in tin'
Confederation Act.'^ The motion was unaniin-
ously adopted After this, the country rem.iin 'd
quiet, confidence began to be restored and sdiuh
arrivals from Canada occurred. The reiuu Lit
terror was entirely over, and, when the advain i'
guard of Colonel Wolsely's troops arrived ;'t
Fort Garry on •22ud Aixgust, there was not a
vestige of opposition, Kiel and his Coiuiil
havina' ignominioiisly fled as soon as they heard
the bugles of the tiOth Killes.

IL — Before turning from the siibject in thi'

tmii't' between Kiel and o'ltonohne. a IhiB bearing a tUm- <l' /»- ;iii'l :i
shamroek had been llyiintfroiii the lars-'e lliii-' pole over the Fort. liiii n™
or three days iirevious to Captain Webb's arrival tliereiit, :'iel had liml
the Hat: (wliii'h is generally suiiposed to be the l-'etiian biintiinr einbU'iiii,
pulled down and a I iri t isli ensiirii hoisted in its stead. tl'Donohue obiei-ifl
to this, and an e\eited alterealion resulted between them, liiel said i'
O'Donohue : " Are you not a liritish snbjeet '.'" H Ilonohue replied : " .N".
I am not." to whieh Kiel retorted: " Voii are, beeause you and I li^iie
aiitdieil to the Canadian (■overiiinen: for the irrantinB of our rights."" Tiie
wordy war between the President iiiid his ."^eeretary waxed hot. and iii
one time those who witnessed it aiitii:ipiited a dissolution of the hitlii-rt.i
fast friends and eoadjulors : but the dispute was settled by the lame ll:i|.'
jiole. whieh was ereeted in front of I>r. Selinlt?.'s house, beiiiK renioM-d I"
the Fort, and the Fenian llai; hoisted to an ei|ual altitude with " the tl:i;:
that's braved n thousand years the battle Jiiiil the breeze," and ^iioii
Captain V'ebb left the Fort, mi i-'HiIi- for .St. I'aul. the two tliiKS were
unfurling their folds together in the wind."

Hi 'i^

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•;•( Ciiii, ..ii .:2od AiU;ust, tln»re ,

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Ifi.'liup Tat-Iic'';
liroriii.'f "I iiiii.'if

refer lu the
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iug him uiih whu

liny. JiisKi'ii llm
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HllNiiRAlll.K SlK,-

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in llic iiiiiuf ofiho
liiiveiiiiMirrcil ill ta
I llial His ]-;.v,-<j|lciif
.lii'iL'c Hiih ton nine
misliiiliiiiu.' Mini yei
111 iiiy lust (Icsimt
the I.iiici-.il Hill
lUlL'asilic.-s iK'casiul
collllilcto alilllest.v I
ti'i iiit'oniiatiiiii nil t
siirli 11 ili'urei' that i
in tlie imiitry.

.■^'inic spwik of ri
(ri«i|p.- al .".iiiif (lil
pcrliaps still iiiorod,

iV.ilinialcly, the
riiMairfus,i|i-ti..rijiiii(
i.'""cl ■lis|)usitiiiii ol' 1
tia- .laiiKi'i-s tci whifl
I" enunu'rato, / »«/.

il'llll. t,f III, Cllllll'lui

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"■•llitMvishnltheooiiin

].-.

(JOYERNMKXT OF SIR JOHN YOUXd— TIIK RKD lUVKR TROUBLKS.

Ki'd Kiver Territory, to record what had octurred
, . in other parts of the Dominion

i,r.iiuijf .1 uiniiwiv. about the Same time, as will
rdVr to tlie last act ol' Bishop Trche, his promise,
in the name of the Canadian Government, of
complete amnesty to all who had been con-
; cerned in the insurrection ; * and, in justice to

•The liillowinsii.'' the Uishoii'H letter til tlioSccreliir.v cif State, iioi|U«int-

St. Bonifack, 1

Kki> KiverSktti.kmknt, . I

JllllP !ltli,lS7il. j

IlllX. JusKl'H IldHK,

SrvrrUirv iif Slutr J'nr tlir I'mvillicH,

<.)tta\vii, Cuiuidii:
IIiiSmiiaim.k SiH,— I hasten to eominunicate to you, for ths iiit'oriiiatiim
it Hi- Kxicllt'iioy i.i Cipuneil, a very important iironiiso I have just made ^
ill till' iiiiiiie otthe Canadian (ioveriiment. I feel all tho res|iousibility I ]
liiivfiiiiiirii'J ill taking such a step, while on another land lam conlident '
llial Hi; K.welleney the (iovermir-dencral and his Privy Council will not
iii.lL'o with ton much severity an aet aceompliahcd 'n order to avoid great
lui'lciiiiine!- and seouro the weU'aroof thecountr,.

liiiiiy la-l despatch, dated on 28th May, Ip'jntionod the satisfaction by
the Liberal Bill ereetini? the Hroviner jt Manitoba. I also stated the
uneasiness ociasioiieil by the ignorance- whether or not a general and
cuanilete iininesly bail been granted. The two last mails having brought
nil iiitipini.iliiiii on this subject, that feeling of uneasiness ha.« increased to
surli a ikurec that it gives aplirchension about the maintenance of peace
ill llie uiiiitry.

.■iiiiiie .-peak of raising a hirgo force ; meet and molest the coming
triiiip- ut .'Mine ilillicult point on their way hither; and other plans,
perliups still iiiiii'O diMigerous, are also alloat.

I'ljiliiiiately, tlie I'mvisional (Joveriiment has so far refused such
ruMiiiries. ileterniiiied to await the arrival of the delegates. Owing to the

It 1 ilispositiuii of the I'rovisional (lovernincnl, and in order to remove

the ilaiii-aMs to wliiih we are o.tposed, anil which it would be too tedious
t'l eiiiiiiu'rate, I miliiiinly gnri' mi/ icm-d nf hfmttt\tiwl i>rnmitr evin intltf
,m»ti nf lln (''iiitiilittii fiuri'i'iimfHtf that tin- tftttijtt nrr nrnt on a miifti'tii of
l,'nii ; tli'il till iIh irn'ltlihii'itut of tfir jxiHt icill lie totitl/u opeHookrd or
/'iivit*!-!!: llial nnboilfi will he tiilnoyi-it for hitviiip bn-n either leader or
iiumlnr iif the I'mriiinniil li'overnmeiiti or for hiieilig aitnl Ulitler if
iiiiiilinn-i . In II irnril, that a eotnplele anil entire amnintf/ {.ij not already
l.mliiifiil) trill Hiinlj/ hi pi'anteil before the arrival iif thi trnoitu, itit that
I ri riiniii mull ri main i/iiiett and intlneii othern to do the Maine,

I'oisunally, 1 felt no hesitation in giving such an assurance, because
wliiit 1 heard myself from tbedill'erent members of the Cabinet at Ottawa,
iiiiil i\liiit has been said by them in Parliament, has entirely convinced
nil' lli:il lliis prmnise of mine had been already issued, and that the
ilckitiilcs now on their way back will convoy the must satisfactory
int'uraiatinii upon that siibieet.

Sli'iiil'l inn ritm, ui\fiirinnately, have dtriateil from the real tendeney of
till linriniiiient, I hninlili/ lieu that in it itroinite irill be eontidend att tiaereil.

U is the privilege of His K.xcellemy to forgive, and if forgiveness be
ounsiilcrcil nece-sary. I earnestly pray for it.

1 'liiii'l Hatter myself with the idea that I have done sninething in favor
lit till' t'anailiaii cause in this oonntry i and I can assure the (ioveriiment
"!' my Killiiigness to I'mitribute, as lar as in my power, to its prosperity :
lint -li'iiil.l I have pnuiii.'ed in vain, besides the heart-reniling feeling I
Hiiulil |ici'-Hiially e.vporievce, 1 wmilil be publicly reputed a deceiver, or
a." lia\iiw been willully deceived by the Canadian (ioveriiment. An
iiivful iv-iiclinn would ensue, and who knows what would be the result.

It iu'>i'ss;ti'>'. I ibereloro humbly lay my request before His I'jxecllency.
It iviiiild lie very easy to liiiM' it largely subscribed to by respeclable
niiinis.liiii such an ninlerlaking would liavegiven rise to excitement, and
it is Illy constant eiiilcii\oiir to iiuell such a feeling rather than nourish it,
us it is ihc greiilc-t danger lobe apprehended.

I inn ciiiillilent that, although Ibis is a personal act, it will he considered
Us the wish of the eoinmunily at large, mid probably graiKed.

him, will give his own statement of his reasons
for doing so, as given b(>fore the Select Com-
mittee on the causes of the difficult ie.s in the
North-West Territory. After reading the letter
given V)elow, he said : '• I hiid the communiciition
described in this letter on the day 1 wrote the
letter, and, if you will allow uie, I will explain
to you the reason. Parlies arrived from the
United States, who had interviews with the
leaders of the Provisional Government, and the
parties told them that they could not rely upon
what had been promised ; (hat the assurances
given would not be carried into execution ; and
that, in some way or another, th(> politicians of
Canada, when they took possession of the
country, would refuse to be guided l)y that
promise. They told the leaders that the troti])s
were on their way, and, if they allowed them to
enter the country, they woultl control the
position, bring the leaders before the tribunals,
try them and hang them. These reprt>sentations
created a very strong feeling among the leaders,
and one or two of them came to my place and
reported what they had hesird. I reix'ated the
assurances I had given in the name of His Excel-
lency the Governor-General. They answered
that this w^as of itst^lf all right, but it was not
from the Canadians. Now, the Canadiiiii troops
are on their way, they said, and they are under
the control of Canada, and as we have given
them cause for provocation, if we have not

It is rumoured that Dr. Scbull?, is coming with a large party of sup-
porters. I am sure that if such be the case, the (iiiveniiiicnl has taken
the necessary steps to prevent the c,illisioii, which wuiild be the conse-
iiuence of his return, perhaiia with a desire to revenge the past, and
renew the cause of by-gone troubles.

We are perfectly aware of his birmer condiii't, iiml it is not ditVicult to
forseo what he may be in future, if not checked by a proper aiithoritj'.

1 easily understand that at a distance ui>' ideas may iiiijieiir rather
pressing, but allow me to say that here on the sjiot we are in a position
to ascertain the dangers and dillictilties which tnay nalnrally seem
chimerical when viewed from iibroinl.

Kxperieiice has already iirovcd lliiil, nnfortunntely, our apiirehonsions
are not always entirely gMuiidless nor an effort of our imaginiitbm. So
far it is universally considered as a wmidcr that iiolliiiig (vorse has
happened. May the wisdom nnd libernlii\ of the tiovcriiincnt remove
what seems to be the last dilliciiltv

I consider this document of ''iicli iniportiiiicc that I am forwarding it
by a special messenger to Penibiiiii. to secure its proiiijit delixcry into
your hands. No doubt you will be kind enough to answer me by the
first mail.

t remain, with much respect, Honorable Sir,
Your bumble servant,

.'M.KX.VNIiMH.
Bishop of St. Iloiiiface.

1 1-1

If")

i;is

Tl'TTLK'S inSTORV OF TIIK DOMINION OK CANADA.

•similar assurances Iroiii the Canadian Govern-
ment, thoy miiy act in the manner represented
to us. My statement het'oro was, that I made
the promise in the name of His Excellency the
Governor-tieneral, as i'e[)resentative of the
Queen, but also added that such were the
intentions of ihe members of the Canadian
Cabinet. They had so little faith in the
Canadian authorities that 1 thouiiht they would
pn'fc'- to iu»i>-otiate directly with the represent-
ative of the Sovereiyn. Indeed, I had this
authority from the terms of the Proclamation,
as well as from the letter addressed to nu' by
His Excellency, in which he told ine that he was
directed by (he Imperial Government to issixc
the Proclamation — and from thi^ < onvcrsatious I
had, i)oth with His Ji]xcellency and his Ministers,
in which he and they told me that he was not
actin;r in the name oi' the Canadian Govern-
ment, but as Special Commissioner from the
Im))e?'ial authorities. I was also furnished with
a(^oi)y of the telegr a] )hic message from Eni>land,
upon which the rioclamation was based. The
liromise, made in the name of the Canadian
GoveriniKMit on the ninth of June, dilfcred in
this respect — tliat it was made in the name of
His Excellency, and, in my action, I was guided
by Sir John's l(>tters of lOth February, but,
with the exception of its being made in tlu'
name of the Canadian Government, the
l)romise was itself exactly the same as I
had made before. I thought it necessary
to make it in the name of the Government
of Ciniada, if the fears to which I have referred
were to be dissipated; and I determined
so to niiike it l)ecaus(> I had received information
from father liidiot that the negotiations at
Ottawa had been closed satisfactorily. As a
portion of the neuotiatioiis was to get an entire
amnesty, 1 thought the Canadian Government
would not object to the promise l)eing made in
their name. Tlic j)romise which 1 made on my
arrival, in the name of Ihe Governor-General,
was e(iUMliy cxtciisi\e with liiat which I
describe in this letter of IMh June. Ail tlic
dill'erence is that the one was made in the name
of the Crovernmenl of Canada, whereas the

other was made in the name of the Governor-
General as the representative of the Queen.
The answer of the Hon. Mr. Howe, dated 27th
May, to my letters of th(> 3rd and 7th of the
same month, in which I also saw plainly the
promise" of forgiven(>ss, determined me tiiat
there was no risk in making the promise in tlu> I
name of the authorities of Canada. I had al.'^o j
shown that answer to some of the leaders, audi \
relied ujjon it as alfording me the basis for giving
the promise named in my letter ; for you will
observe that Mr. Hnvve tendered me, in the naiiie
of His Ex<"ellency, not only his symi)athy, bin
his warm acknowledgment of my services in tho
cause of peace and moderation."

12. — It will }>e seen by the above that the
Bishop took upon himself to promise in the
name of the Dominion Govern- ,.., ,. ,.„

I llr Mellon (it tltc

ment what the Dominion Gov- !n';JXim''iin-e'i'.lr
ernment itself had not the power """""•
to grant; that is, amnesty for oll'ences committed
against the Imperial authority, in a part of llu'
liritish i)ossessions which did not, at he time
the oU'ences were committed, even form a part of
the Dominion of Camida. The power of
amnesty rested with the Imperial authorities
as was clearly explained to the delegates, duriiii;'
the debate on the Manitoba Bill, by the Hon.
Mr. Howe in his answer to His Lordship's letter
of the ninth of Juiu'.* But, even admitliiii;'

Drr \w\Aili ./"';/. ISTn.

' .Mv 1,111111.— Vmir Id Icnil Ihi'iiili ul'.liiiin, wliii'li rcaclitMl iiie joslcnliiv,
liiis luM'ii liiiil ln'fnrc Ihe I'riv.v (.''luiicil, iirut has roccivuil their etiiisi.l.'r.i
linn.

^'l'lt^ l-nrflsliin sillies thai |iers(iiiall\' .\<in tell iki hesitaliiin ini:i\inK.
in ttie name nt' ihe Canailian linxerninenl, iin assiirunec (il'ti emtiiilelc
aniiiesix-.

Vdiir l.iirilshi|i lias nn <l<Mitit reail Ihe Welmtu ami ex|ilt)iniliiins wliieti
tiioli nlaee in earliaineiit tlnriirj tlie liiseussinn of tlie iMiinitolin Kill.
Tin' <|iiestitiii of .\inne>l\' was la-oiit'lit Inrwanl, iinti tin* answers ami i \'
phinations ^-iven It.v tlie .Ministers in tlie lluiise of (Nnninons were lli.it
the Canailian tidveriinient hail no power In ifniiit siieh an Anine^ly, ami
Ihat the exereise nf Ihe |ireroi:ative of mere,, restcii solely with Her
Majesty the ijueeii

The lieverenil I'.iiher Uielinl .mil Mr. S.-oll innst, on their aniiiil,
have inlornieil your l.onl-hip Ihat, in the ri'iieate'l interviews wliieli tiny
hail with Sir .loliii A. Maeilonalil anil Sir IJemve K Cartier, thuy were
ilistineily iiilinnieil ilial the I lovernnieiit of the I lominioii hail no i>>i"i r
as II I lovernnieiit |o t'lanl an Amnesty: ami I woiihlailil lliat ihis Ooti'Iii
ment is not in a jiosilinn to intertere with Ihe free a el ion ot Her .Majesty
in the exereise nf the Koyal elenteiiey Her Ma.iesty's Imperial .Minister'
ean alone inlvlse the (jiieeii on tiueh an iinportiint mutter, when ealleil
upon to ilo so. No iliinlit ean he eiitertaineil Ihat Her .Miijesly, ailvi-nl
by her .Ministers, will on u ealm i view of all the eireiiiiislancen ilisehaivi'
till! iluly of this liiiili respunsibility in ii leiiiporatu anil judleiiil Hpirit. |

ovt'vnor-
(^mnni. !
:.hI iith'
h. oi' the
inly tlu'
in(' that
se in till'
had also ^
"!•«, and 1 1
or givui!,' !
yon will
the name
athy, bill
ct>8 ill iht'

that the
se in the

lion .■! Ill- ,
rev iowivl
pitrliirf 1(11-
i.

onimitti'd
art of the
, h'}. time i
1 a partiif

[)OVVl'V ol'

iithovities, ,

s. dnriiiu'

the Hon.

ip's leilev

dmittiiii''

I nil- yO'^liT.biv,
lu'ir t'lnisiilcr^i ,

lilimi in uniiin.
i.r.i I'l'-"'

Jniitiuns wliirh
|.M;inil.il"i Hi"'

inns wcri' lli'i'
Anini-ly.iUi'

lili'l.v Willi llif

iln'ir iirriviil.
|.«. wlui'li liny

,., ilioy wiTf
I 1„|,| nn |."»>r
,,, i|,isi;..tiTii
1,1 l|,.r.M.M'-i>
l.,-iil .MniKiiT-
Ir, vviicn .Mil"'
l:i,i.'>l>."l"-'''
Inoi'K ili-''liiiivi'

cliil .iliin''

(iOVKIJNMKNT OK SIJ{ JOHN" Y()rN(i--TIII I{l> SKSSIO.N OK I'AKI.IAMKNT. ISTO.

I.T.I

that thore was some gronnd for his Lordshiji'.s i
aition I'urnisht'd by Sir John A. Macdonald's
letti'r of liitli Fi'brnary, still i\n\ condition on
whicli amiiosly was promised in that letter was ;
not complifd with, lor it stated that amnesty j
would be <>Tanled " if the C'omininy's <i-overn-
ineiit i.s restored," which was not done ; neither
could he make good his anthority nnder 8ir '
John Young's Proclamation ol' (Ith of December,
IStiU. lor the promise of amnesty was then :
made on the euiidition •' in ca.se of yonr
immediate and peaceal)le dispersion." and the
iusiuuenls had neither sul)milted nor disi)ersed
when the Bishop i)romised amnesty, nor did
they .show any disposition to do so ; for, according
to the Bishop's own statement, they were '
meditating further acts of violence by preparing
'oiiihuk the expedition then on its way to Fort
trail y. Besides the intense feeling which had
bei'ii niised in Ontario by the inurdei of Scott,
and the strong debate which had taken place
on the subject of amnesty during the discussion
of the Manitoba Act in the House of Commons,
were well known to His Lordship, and he was •
too astute a mai iu)t to see that the great
outl)Uisl of poj) ur feeling must have its !
weight w ith the (rovernment, and that it could
not advocate an amnesty until the excitement
iiad had lime to cool down. Indeed, in his own
evidence before the Committee already refevred
to, he said ; "the only reason lor didaying the
giaiiting of the amnesty i)r(imised by the

Till- lun'K'nni: f.\|i!,'inalii)ii^ an' (ri\cn (u yntir l.onl^hiti in nnliT that il

iiiii.v 111' Will aii'liTst I tliat tliii -i's|Miii»iliilily nf ihc a.'-siiniiii'i' irivi'ii liy

yiiiir LiiMl-lii), ol a romiilclc Anini'sty, . innol in any way allaili ilsoU'lii
llii' i';ui:i<li,in liovi'i'iiiui'iit

Tlif ciinwr^alioMs to uliirh your Ijuniship allinlcs a.-* lia\in(r taken
lil.irc Iti'iivcni y.iiir ).orilslii|i anil some memliers of the Otinailinn raljini't
ulii'ii vour l,urilslii|i was in Oltana niioiit the ini.lille ot the nionlli ol
I't'hriiary lii<t, must neec.sHariiy have taken plaee (villi leleieiiee In tho
l'i".l.iiiialioii issued hy His Kxeelleiny the (iovernor-tieneral, nil lilh
liereialii'i- last, by eiiinmaml ol Her Majeslv, in wliieh Mis Kxeelleiiey
aniiuini.'i'.l iliat in ease of ilieir inimeiliate ami |>eaeealp|e ilisperiiinn, he
wual'l iinler iliat mi lenal |iroeei'iliiii;s he lakeii aiiain-l any imrties ini-
I'lii'iiii'.l III ilu'se iinrorliiiiale lueaehe-. ol'lhe law al Itiil Kiver.

TIl'illL'li I iiave felt il my illlly to he Ihil- explieil ill ile.ilimi willl the
l'riiiri|.al -iilijeet of .\our letter. I trust I iieeil Mill assure yon tliiit your
siirvii'o aii'l valnalile evertions In ealm Ihu imhlie iniml in tlie N'oitli
West lire iliily ii|itireeiateil here, ami 1 am eonliilenl tliat where you
ri'itani Ihe ohsirii.'iiiins wliieh have heeii iiiteriioseil to theaihiptinn of a
lilirral ami eiiliiiliieiieil iioliey for .Manitolia, ymi will mil lie ilisjinseil In
relax \"iu exerlions until that iioliey is rorinall.' estahlislieil.

I have, ele.,

„ „ iiiSKl'll lliiWK.

liii.in II m III SI) iHK lltsmir m S|. HnMrni:.

Kkii Kivkk

rroclamation of Sir John Young, that I am
aware of, has been the excitement existing
throughout the Dominion, and esi)ecially in
the ^ idvince of Ontario. This is not merely
my own opinion ; it is also the opinion expresssd
to me by certain mmnbeisof the late ( lo\ eni men t.
The constant re[)ly which 1 received when I
spoke Lo them on the subject Wiis, tli;il the
excitement was ,so great that the (rovernment
would not be sustaiiUMl if the amnesty was
given." Taking these fads into consideration,
it is fair to infer that His Lordship, in his
earnest desire to protect the people of the Ked
Uiver from the consi'.iueiices of their conduct,
and in the hojie of estal)li.shing permanent
peaci> in that country, knowingly exceeded the
liiiiii.-; of his authority, aciiuL' under the
impression that his promise would so far
Compromise the (io\ernmcnt as to coerce the
Ministers into usint;- their iulluence with the
imperial authorities — which was really all they
could tlo — to obtain the I'rocliunatioii of a full
and complete amnesty, hifore the arrival of the
troops, after whicl any wild idea of further
resistance would be useK" s. He knew that the
Cabinet was divided on the subjecl ; that the
Quebec members, led by SirtJeo. Iv Curtier.were
in favour of an amiu'sty, mid, indeed that it
was very well understood that an iimnesty
would be nrui'd '• by and by," when the popular
excitement had abated : but he was too
impatient to await the slow process of lime
ami endeavoured liy a lON/i-de-clal to accomplish
at once what it took years to partially gain.
Shortly after giving his promise of amnesty,
the liishop left for Ottawa, " to make ceiliiin,"as
he said in his evidence " to my own .stilisfacijun,
the promi.se made to the delegates, and lejiort
at Ottawa the satisfaction of the people.'

CHAITER XIV

(iOVKHN.MKNT oK Sil.'.lOilN VOlNC TIIIIM)
SKS.SION OK KIHST I'.VKI.I A.MKNT, ISTO.

]. — An.MOUS KEKMNO I'lllJiirdJlor T IIIK Dh-
MINION. Ix'KTfK'N Ol'' ll(i\. Ml.'. M .Villi >I( 1 ALL.

I'l

r.i

'lul

t-:

1 ^M

|i JjU^lMI'

iiiil

I I !

TITTI.KS HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

— 2. Ori'.MNO OK I'aumamknt. a huit-liant

SCENK. TllK Sl'KKCll Klv'oM TlIK TllRONK. — 3.

Dkuatk OS iiiK AnnuKss. — 4. Siw Francis
lIiNCKs {{a.nkino s('iii;mi;. SvNnrsis of tmk

inCSOM'TIONS, — f). KkIIATK on the ItESOHT-

TioNs. 'I'liKY PASS TiiKoiTdH Committee. — (5.
Adoption OK TiiK 1?ankin(» Act. Synopsis
OK ITS PHovisioNS. — 7. Hon. Mr. IIuntincj-

THNS RESOLUTIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF A

ZoM-VEiii',;,.'. — 8. Defeat ok the resoi.u-

TIO.NS ItV 42 MA.lt ilM'I'Y. — !•. Ml{. BliAKE's

attkmpt to have the 1). n. a. aclt amended.

— 10. Mr. Hi.akk's efforts aciain defeated.
—II, TllK" Silver NrisANci:." Tassaok of
THE Dominion Notes act. — 12. Sir A. T.

GaLTS PltiiPdSAI. TO CIIANUE THE MANNER
OK m'll.DINO THE INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY.

— I-"!. Sir (ii:o. K. Cartiew's defense of

THE (ioVKi;.N.MKNT's RAILWAY I'OliIOY. — 14.

ItrMiiRi) Fenian Invasio.v. Suspension ok
THE '• IIaheas Corpus " Act.— 15. Derate

ON THE IMPROVKME.NT oK THE WATER COM-
MUNICATIO.NS OF THE DoMINIoN.— Iti. AcTS
FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE FISHERIES AND
THE CoA.^niNO TRADE. — 17. TllE ADOPTION OF
A riioTEOTIVKTARIKK I'ROED. — IS. ADOPTION
OK IIIE '• I'ROI'ECTIVE ■■ TaRIKF BiLL. Its

PROVISIONS. — i'.i. Hills withdrawn or

DEKEATKI). TlIE CkNSCS. — 20. ThE SUPPLY
ISlLL. M|S(!ELLANE0US LkOISLATION. PllORO-
OAIION. h'KNIKW OK THE SESSION.

1. — The yt'iir of 1H70 opened witli leeliiigs ol'
iinxiely ftiKt Inrelxxliim- ol' IrouMe throuffhout
Auvi..ns iv..iii.« ""' JJ'>">i'>i<>i>. "oaseciueiit ,>n (he
ilnnZimr iMun, ni- ^t-'i'iou^ aspecl, whicli ali'aii-H in
ii.,M.Mr..M.,,in„.„ii. ,1,^3 Xort.\V,..st weiv assumiufr

and there was some aluvm lest llie hasty action
ol' the Hon. Mr. Maedoimull in proclairninj^
liim.seir (lovenior, witlioiil autliorit \ mi<iht h-ad
to lira ve comijiiralions ; hnt those tears wore
(|uiele(l whi'ii it Ix'CMiiie known that his elibrt to
oxrite tlie I'^njilish Jlall'-hreeds to take up arms
affainst tiu' Fromh had tailed, and that he was
on his way haok to Canu(hi. ( )i course, thero
was a sense ol' himiilialioii in (he Ihoiiuhl lliat
so small a l)o(ly .slionid lliink itsell' poworl'iil

enoiiijh to (h'l'y tho whole Dominion, but it was
])lendod with a sort ol leelinir of amusomeni ni
the short-sii^htod policy ol' the Hair-i>reeds in
siipposini? that by keepin<^ out Mr. MaedouiiMJi
they fould keep Canada I'rom completing her
bargain. There was, also, a coiisidorablo aniotuil
of dissastisl'ailion at the manner in which the
Government had acted in the matter ; and llio
Opposition press did not tail to turn e\ fry cir-
cumstance possi))le to account, and cliarge thai
it was tho mismanagement ol' tho Ministry
which had cau.sed the Hall'-breeds to be suspi-
cious of Camida, and to take up arms to rcNJst
her gaining control over the country. As liic
news oi' tho arrival ol' tho Ctnnmissionors at
Kort Garry, and Ihoir entering into negotiations
with the Hall'-breods bacame known, the reeliiiy-
ol' anxiety was greatly dispelled, and it was leit
that peace and good order might be restored
without any appeal to I'orce. Tho Hon. Mr
Macdougall arrivtHl in Toronto on the seventh
of January, aiul shortly alter repaired to Oltawn.
His position was an extremely unpleasant one
Ho had relirod from the Cabiiu't and accepted a
provisional Commission as (iovernor of a Ter-
ritory which did not acknowledge Canadian
authority; and the quostiori was soon raised ;is
to wheth»'r ho could lontinue to represent North
Lanark in the Commons, as he would have vio-
lated tho [ndopendence of Parliament Act il lie
accepted any position ol emolument whili' ;i
member of the House. The (|uestion was aller-
wards raised in I'arliamenl. and referred to tin'
Committee on Elections aiul Privileges, liy
whom it was decided that he luul not forfeited
his seat. Mr. Macdougall was deeply incensed
at his late colleagues, especially Mr. Howe, and
accused them of trying to make him the simim'-
goat to save themselves from tho penally <il
their bungling and mismanagement.

' 2. — The third session of the lirst Parliaineiit ol

I the Dominion met on the lil'teenlh of I'chriiiiiy.
and the opening was the most

I l)rilliant over soon in Ottawa.
H. li. H., Prince Arthur cann-
I'rom Montreal to attend it, and tin' rush l<>

j witness tho ceremony was unpreceih'iited, iallv

l'.<lli;llni'lll.

l.nlh.Mil ^.',.|i,'. TIk

«n h Irnii. III.

'nM'..ni'.

(lOVERNMKNT OF SIR .lollN Y()UN(i THIRD SKSSION OF PAIJI.IAMFXT. 1870. 141

liliciii liundred porsons Ix'iiio' in the Senate
('hiiinl)or, when the Ho\i«> \va.s formally opcut'd
liv His l!lxt(>llt'n«y Sir John Yountf. rrince
Aillmr viorc his Rillo unil'orni.and was uccomo-
(lalrd with a scat hosidf the Uovernor-G'nu'ral.
The atli-ndanto ol' Senators was unnsually
laruc, and a t?reater number of members of
the Commons than usual were present. His
ExuHeiiey, in his speech, referred to the
ln'MUlifiil liarvest with which the country had
hii'ii blessed, and to the prosperous condition of
the lisheries, and trade and commerce generally-
lie si>ok(> of the difficulties which had arisen in
the Niirtii-West, on account of the misappre-
hension on the part of a portion of the inhabit-
;i:ils, (if the intentions of tiie ti.ji'idian (roveru-
laeiit towards them, and expressed an opinion
tliat a peiicefid solution of the ir<mble wouhl
soon l)e reached, throuiih the action of the
Conunissioners who had been sent there. An
Act to take the place of an Act for the temi)orary
aovermnent of the Territory would t)e sub-
mitted to Parliament; as would, also, Acts
i('liitiii<T to bankiuii', elections, and the estab-
lisliiiK'iit of a Dominion Court of Appeals. He
n'rorii'd to the census which it would be neces-
.sai y to take <luriiiii- the following ^ , and said
that an ell'ort would be ma(h' to induce a «ensus
being- taken in Newfoundland and Prince
l'](lward Island at the same time, so as to com-
plcle the census of British North America. Ho
liiuliiy complimented the Volunteers on the
iihiciity with which they had turned out on the
iiiiiiiialidM that another Fenian invasion was
intended, and briejiy referred to the stejis which
were beinu' taken by the dill'erent Provinces to
iiulucc immit-nition. Kefevriii!;- to his trip to
I he liower Provinces, aiul subse(|uently, in
'onii.any with H. It. F Prince Arthur,
liiiKiiuh ( )ntario, he testilied to the kindness and
Wiirnitli of the loyal recei)tion everywhere
ai'(()r(|i'<l him.

■1 — The address, in reply to the speech from
the Tliionc, was moved in the Senate, on the

ii,.i,ai ,n». sixteenth, by Hon. .1. i\'. JJenson,

secdiided by lion. bV M. Dickey,
ami wa.s adopted, without amendment, on the

followinji' day. In the Commons the address
was moved by Mr. A. W. Savary, and seconded
by Mr. Scriver. The debate lasted six days,
and, although no amendment was oilered. I lie
whole policy ol the CTOvernment was reviewed
and severtdy criticised by the Opposition, lion.
i Mr. Ilolton began by asking about the changes
' which had taken place in the Cabinet, claiming
that the (lovernment had not kept to the pro-
gramme on which he had appealed to the
jn'ople. Mr. Mackenzie Ibllowed in the same
strain, holding that the cry on whi< h the
Administration had gone to the electors, was
that it was non-partizan ; that it gave a lair rep-
resentation to the nnijorities of eat h Province,
and that now they had virtually returned to
party government by failinti' to ^live the lu'lurni
party in (hitario its due representation in the
Cabinet. Sir John A. Macdonald claimed that,
although the peraonel of the (rovernment had
been changed, its principles were the same as
those maintained in 18(>7. The only dillerence
was that the elections had shown such an
increa.se in the Conservative vote in Ontario,
that he was justiiied in giving that party a
majority in the Cabinet. He said : "Thetiov-
ernment is the same; their principles and
politics are the same ; and the inLrod\u;lion of
these four gentlemen has not in any way
alfected the general principles or the jmlicy
which the Ministry has always adopted." Sir
I A. T. Gait made a long review of the conduct
of the CJovernmenl, and said that, while not
intending to oiler a factious opposition, he
regretted to say he could no lonuer uive the
present Administration his support. The
debate, after this took a decidedly persomd |
turn, a general attack bt'ing made on Sir I'raiicis
Hincks by .several members of the Opposition,
during which his past connection with Canadian
politics was pretty freely commented on. Mr.
Howe also came in for a considerable share of
attention, ami was severely attacked by Hon. I
W. Macdougall, who charged him with 1
not having \ised his inlluence properly
during his visit to l-'ort (iarry, and with I
failing to give him (Mr. Macdouiiall) any

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TLJTTLE'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Sir Kriiiii'i>' llini'k
IlankiiiK .-ilii'iiH'

SviKlJisis nf thl'

Ui'siiliitiiiij^.

account oi' the true state of atl'airs in the Red
River Settlement when they met on the phiins.
The whole condnit of the Government in
the Red River troul)les was reviewed and
generally condemned, but the Government eon-
tented itseir with del'erring" any defence until I
all the i>apers on the subject had been brought [
down, and the House should be in a better \
position to judge of their action. j

4. — On the first of March, Sir Francis Hincks
introduced his resolutions on the Banking
system, which differed in i my
1 jsential particulars from t e
introduced by Hon, John II
previously. The present resolutions provid '
that Banks could not be incorporated with less
than $1,000,000 ciipital, of which twenty per
cent, niusi be paid-up bona fide stock before
nott's could be issued or any business done, the
remainder of the stock to be paid up in five
years ; Banks not to issixe notes for less than
four dollars, the Crovernment furnishing bills
for smaller denominations ; Banks to kev>p at
least half their reserve in Dominion securi'ies ;
the total note circiilatiou of any Bank not to
exceed its paid-up capital ; the whole liabilities
never to be more than the amount of specie and
notes on hand, and three times the amount of
the capital ; tlie interest of note-holders and
depositors to be secured by making shareholders
liable for double the amount of stock held by
them ; any Bank suspending specie payments
for ninety days to forfeit its charter ; no dividend
of more than eight per cent, to be declared until
a n>serve of twenty per cent, had been accumu-
lated; a list of shareholders to lie published
every year; Presidents. Vice-Presidents and
Directors to hold at leasl live thousand dollars'
worth of stock each, and the whole Board of
Directors to own at least five per cent, of the
capital ; no advances to be made l)y any Bank
on its own stock ; no dividends to be paid out
of ciipital, anil when the capital became impaired
it was to be made u]) l)y assessment on the share-
holders; Banks must at all times take thtir own
notes in piiynieni of any debt due them, but not
to be compelled to redeem their notes in gold

except at the office from which they were issued :
a fuller system of monthly returns was provided
for. The scheme was generally well received
by the people and acquiesced in by the Banks,
so much so indeed, that the Globe and sonic
other Opposition papers, which advocated
" Free Banking!," roundly attacked the latter
for not protecting their own interests in oppos-
ing the Bill ; but the Banks, generally, preferred
to think for themselves, and were satisfied with
the provisions of the Act.

•'> — The Banking resolutions came up for
discussion on the fourth of March, when 8ir
F oMcis Hincks moved that the ,, , , .,

I»rh!ttc <HI tllf

Hju .>."-o in Committee on them. Jli^s'lhrVmu'ir'''''
Mr.C r-. .right led the attack, and ''""""i'"'-
moved, in amendment, " That the Speaker do not
now leave the chair, but that it be resolved that
it is not expedient to authori.se the issue of legal
tender notes in the manner atithorized by the
said resolutions." He attacked the whole sys-
tem generally and advoiated the Free Banking
system, which, he claimed, had worked exceed-
ingly well, as neither the English nor United
States systems could have withstood the strain
on them which had been successfully l)onie
by the Canadian Banks. Sir Francis Hincks
defended his scheme, and said that althoitgh he
would have preferred to establish a Goxfrn-
ment Bank of issue, he found popular sentiment
did not favor that idea, and the next best i)lan
was the one he proposed. Mr. Mackenzie fol-
lowed in a very vigorous attack on the Banking'
policy of the Government, which he stigmatised
as a plan for raising a forced loan from the Bank.s.
The Government had been forced to resort to
various devices to raise money ; it had rai.sed
$4,000,000 through the Insttrance Comi)anies,
$1.. 500,000 through Savings Banks, s5.r)O0,Oiio
through tiie Dominion notes in circulation, ;ind
$1,000,000 under a pretence of exportins' silver;
and now it wanted to add $8,000,000 by iil)sorl)-
ing that mu<'h of the Bank circulation, which
woitld make a total of $20,000,000 raised l)y
forced loans. He controverted the idea thutthi'
abstraction of money from the country, whirh
would be the result of the proposed plan, wah

iiiioriioratinc

GOYEItNMKNT OF SIR JOHN YOUNG— THIIID SKSSION OF PAELIA.MF.NT, 1H70. I4:i

not a diivcl (ax, and iirgufd a8•ain^st tho notion
that promises to i)ay. backi'd by the nation,
could not dt'pietiatc in value. He held that
this plan would operate most heavily against
the interests of Ontario, and said that he was
awiire of the statement that some of the Banks
favored the scheme, hut he did not care for the
opinion of those Hanks, for he knew that they
did not express the popular ojiinion in Ontario.
H»> then (juoted a quantity of statistie.s and
authorities to show the advantage of a Free
Banking system. Mr. Young also opposed the
resolutions, saying that they were only framed
to tide ovt'r a dilhculty and not to finally settle
the Banking question. Mr. Workman com-
plained that the Opposition members from
Ontario could never see anything beyond what
they considered the interests of Ontario. He
thouuht the legal tender notes would be received
wiih great eonlidence, and prove of immense
advantage to the whole country. After some
I'urther debate Mr. Cartwright's amendment
was put and lost, only twenty-nine voting for
it, and one hundred and ten against. The
Hou.sc then went into Committee. On the
resolution fixing the capital at not less than
81.000,000, Sir A. T. Gait thought the amount
too high. It would prevent the formation of
hocal Banks, which were exceedingly useful in
their communities ; he considered it would be
better to fix the amount at $tOO,000. Sir
Francis Ilincks explained that the clause was
only intended to apply to new Banks, but was
willing to leave the matter to be discussed later
on. The 'lause relating to the amount of stock
to be owned by Directors was also left over, and
the resolutions then passed throua'h C'ommittee
0. — The Banking Bill occupied the attention
of the House for several days, and received
A(ic,ptioin,rih(; varioiis alterations during its
passaii'e throuiih its ditl'erent
stages, but was finally adoi>ted
on the lift h of April. The Bill as inissed pro-
vides general clauses relating to Banks, which
may, however, be varied by the special Acts
iiieovpdvating them. No Bank can commence
business with less than $200,000 paid-up capital,

ISankiiii; .\rl.

S,Vlli.|i'i. nf i|> |,|-

visi.iris.

and it must obtain a certilicate to that elfect
from the Treasury Board. At least twenty per
cent, of the subscribed capital must be paid-up
each year aftc commencing business. The
notes in ( irculatiou are not to exceed the
unimi)aired paid-up capital. None to be issued
for a less sum than $4. Notes of a Bank must
always be received by it at par in payment, but
it is only obliged to redeem them where made
imyable, one of which jdaces miist be its chief
olHce. It must hold as nearly as may be one-
half of its cash reserve in Dominion notes —
never less than one-third. Loans and discounts
cannot be made on the security of its own
stock; but a Bank holds a lien on. and may
refuse to transfer the stO' jf one of its debtors.
No dividend or bonus nay be paid out of
capital ; directors knowf'igly « ... cuvring in such
payment become jointly i.)id severally liable for
the amount to the Bank. AVhen i'ae capital is
impaired, a call must be nade to restore it if
the stock is not all t^aid up, and all uett proiits
applied to cover the s. No dividend of over
eight per cent, shall he paid until a reserve has
been formed of at least twenty per cent, ol' the
cai)ital. A charter is forfeited by suspension of
payment of liabilities in specie or Dominion
notes for over ninety days, and the Bank being
insolvent, passes into the hands of assignees,
unless the Directors are authorized by
creditors to wind it up. The shareholders in
such case become liable for double the amount
of their subscrijition to the capital, and the
assignees or directors may make calls not ex-
ceeding twenty per cent, each, and giving
thirty days notice of each, for amount. If the
Bank be en commandite, and the principal
partners are personally liable, they may be
proceeded .against at once without discussing
the Bank asset.s, the liability continuing for
such term as is provided l)y the special charter.
In other Banks, i)arties who have transferred
their shares within one month before the
suspension are still lial)le for si;ch calls saving
their recour.se against thi> per.sons accepting
such transfer. Directors failing or refusing to
enforce these calls are guilty of a misdemeanor.

,!T i. f.ll I

¥■ '

! , 4'

: Bijiv,

i ' :

144

TCTTI.KS inSTOHV OF TIIK DOMIXIOX OF CANADA,

and personally liable ibr damiijres. Banks are
made subject to the provisions of any winding-
up Art which may be passed. A shareholder
has a vote tor each share held by him three
months betbn> meeting, and may always vote
by a proxy, who must be a shareholder, and
must not l)e a manager, cashier, bank clerk, or
other subordinate ollicer ol" the Bank, nor shall
these vote in person. The shareholders may
make By-laws to regulate the number and
qualilicatiou of directors (not less than five nor
more than ten), the method of hlUng up
vacancies, the remuneration ol' President, Vice-
Pre8idi>nt and Directtirs. The qualification of
Directors to be at least $:].000 in Banks ol'
$1,000,000 or under; $4,000 in those of $1,000,-
000 to $3,000,000; and $5,000 for those over
$3,000,000. By-laws may al.><o prescribe the
amount of disccmnt to be allowed to directors
(or, en commnndile, to principal partners) not to
exceed one-twentieth part to any one of them.
The directors are to be elected annually by the
shareholders, and are eligible for re-eleition.
Lists of shareholders, with residences, amount
held, &c., shall be laid before Parliament each
session. Monthly returns are to l)e made up
on the first day of each month, showing the
acti;al condition of the Bank on the last day
of the preci'ding month ; and these returns are
to be certified to by the President and Cashier.
Making a false statement or return is a mis-
demeanour, if not made a higher offence, and
Bank olHcers, directors and principal partner,
signing or concurring in it, or usuig it, with
intent to mislead, are liable for damages.
Any officer, director, or principal partner,
gi\'ing any unfair preference to any creditor,
is in like manner guilty and liable for
damages. Banks are liable to any further
general legislation about Banks. Their char-
ters will expire at the end of the session to
be held in 18.S1. Any existing Bank may, on
application of its directors authorized by the
shareholders, obtain a renewal and extension of
its charter from the Governor in Council on the
report of the Minister of Finance and Treasury
Board — such charter to contain any of the pro-

visions of its former charters not inconsistent
with the preceding piovisions of this Act. II
the capital stock of the Bank has been im[)aire(l,
it shall be reduced accordingly by such exten-
sion of charter, but not b-' a further auiouiu
than twenty-five per cent, nor below $200,000,
nor shall the shareholders liability be reduc ed
thereby. Banks obtaining such charter mu>t
call in and redeem its notes under $4 as soon as
practicable. All Banks under new charter will
be free from the tax on circulation. No one hut
a chartered Bank shall issue, or re-issue, make,
or draw any note or other document, to pass a.s
monev, or substitute for it, under a penalty ol
$400. A note is presumed to be such if under
$20, payable to bearer, or at sight, or on demand.
or at less than thirty days, or overdue, or in any
way designed for circulation — che(iues on
Banks and promissory notes delivered by a ,
debtor to his creditor being excepted. The Act
respecting Banks of 18<38 is continued until tho i
end of the session of 1872.*

7. — The small feeling toward Independence '
which we have already referred to as having a 1
few advocates, found expression n,,,,. Mr. '

I'll- • • • i' IIuntin»ftun'>

during this session in a series ot nsoiuH.ii, inriho
resolutions introduced by the /l.iivurcin." ' j
Hon. L. S. Huntington, on the sixteenth of|
March, and debated on that day, and the
twenty-first. The resolutions were as follows :
" That an address be i^resented representina: \
that the increasing population and productions !
of this Dominion demand more extended
markets and a more unrestricted interchange of
commodities of other countries. That a Conti-
nental system of free commercial intercourse,
bringing under one general Customs Unirn
with this Dominion, countries chiefly interested
in its trade would tend to the expansion of our
commerce and develope our resources and t)ur
products. That such a system should place in a
position of commercial equality and reciprocity
all countries becoming parties thereto. Thiil n
great advantage would result from placing the
Government of the Dominion in direct coniinu-

* Thi." Syniipsis is frDiii un nrtiele by Mr. U. Cliiimberlin, Li.C I... i"
The Yiiii- lIuU- nf Ciiimilti, for 1871 .

(ioVKflNMIvVT or Sll{ .KHIN YOUNC-THIRD SKSSKjN oT I'.\ I.'I.IAM T-NT, 1>>7(l.

i»:»

iiifntiiiii Avith the sovt'ral States which misi'ht l)t>
willini;' I" nogotiato for such a Customs I'luon.
TliMl ii !>< t'xpt'ilioiit to «)l»t:uii Irom thf Impcriiil
(liiviiiiiiiont all iicieNsary powers to eiiahle tho
(li)\oriimi'iit ol' llu' Doniiiiion to enter into 1
dirc( t coiniiiuniiatiou with sueh foreign State; i
! as woiilil he disposed, itpon terms advantageous
to Canada, to neyotiate for suih i onmieroial j
I iviiuldtions. That in all cases treaties enacting
'■ sill li proposed Customs Union should be sub- i
initted to the approval of Her Majesty."" In
' supjiort of his resolutions Mr. IluJitiiigtonmado
aiieice attack on the policy of the Ministry,,
which he claimed to be very faulty, especially j
ill its conduct towards the United States. He i
aviiued that what the country wanted was Free
Triide and Iveciproeity, in some manner, with
the United States, and that everything possible
' to attain tln-se ends should be done before there
was auv talk of retaliatory measures. Sir Francis
lliiuks said the resolutions were violently pro-
irctioiiist, for a Zollverein sueh as proposed
1 wiiuld exclude l^igland from our markets. He
! uiliiiitled that it would l)e benelieial to Canada
III have recii)rocity, but it was not her place to
siiplicate for it. Hon. Mr. Dorion was warmly
in favor of the resolutions, and strongly advo-
cated the neces.sity of obtaining Keciprocity.
He also supported the desirability of obtaining
IMMiiiission from Great Britain for Canada to
execute separate commercial treaties and
luuued that the resolutions did not involve any
(liscriiniiiating duties against Great Britain.
:i Mr. ^Icdill opposed a Customs Union becau.se
i a political union would be sure to follow. After
some further discussion the debate was
adjourned.

S.^( )n the 21st the debate was resumed ; but
Mr. Huntington .seems to have bi^come convinced

I of the fruitlessness ol' urauii"' on
]| rc^niuiM.ii- i.v ij th(> House anythinii' which bore

I I iiiajipritv. "^

I about it any llavour ot annexa-

tion or union, whether commercial or political,
Willi llie United States, and submitted to an
aineiidineiit being offered by Sir A. T. Gait,
which took the main pith out of his resolutions,
as ilie amendment excluded all reference to a

Zollverein, and was merely to the otiect that
Canada needed an extension of trade, and that
it would be benelieial to her to obtain pei-
missiovi from (Sreat Britain to enter Into separate
comniercial treaties with foreign countries,
the .same to be approved of by the Mother
Country. He followed the usual ariiuments in
fi vor of reciprocity with the United States, and
deprecated anything like retaliatory leiiislation.
He felt coiilident that England would easily
consent to Canada's making separate commercial
arrangements. Sir John A. Macdoiiidd thought
it would be much more becoininu' lor Canada
to act in consonance with, and with the a.ssist-
ance of the Mother Country than to sue in
forma /lo/ieris to foreiiiii nations for treaties, and
he met with the rebuil, • We dont know wli.-
you are." He said there was no guarantee that
England would grant any such riulit to make
treaties, and that the resolutions really meant a
sejiaration from the Mother Country as soon as
po.s.sible, which was somethiiiii', he was sure,
Canada would be very loth to ask. He con-
cluded by iiioving in amendment to the aineiid-
meiit, •■ That this H<m.so, while desirous ol'
obtaining for the Dominion the freest access to
the markets of the world, and tlius augmenting
its exh-rnal in-osperity, is satislied that that
object can best be obtained by the concurvnt
action of the Imperial and Canadian Govern-
ments. That any attempt to enter into treaties
with foreign powers without the strongest
direct support of the Mother Country as a prin-
cipal party must fail, and that a Custor.s Union
with the United States, now .so iu-:,vily taxed,
Avould be unfair to the Empire and injin'ous to
the Dominion, and would weaken the ties now
hapi)ily existinu' between them."' A long debate
ensued, in which it was clearly indicated that
the feeling of the Hou.se was stroniily oppo.sed
to entertaining any propositions looking either
to union of any kind with the I'liited States,
or separation of any sort from the Empire. Sir
John A. Macdonalds motion was then <'arried
l»y 100 for to .")S against.

it. — The question of the 'better terms" Liranted
to Nova Scotia at the previous session was not

!■!('!■ a »'

15 r !■

f^'^^

[«!

l-K

l1 ll

1 I

'VI

tti;

Tl rn.K'S IIISTOKV Ol' Till-; dominion of CANADA.

In lie alluwrd to lest <mii'lly, thi'
Ml. Ilhikr', iillimi.i , ^ .^. . . , ' . . ^

In iiMv. th. II. \ \. ( >|>|M)Hitioii nciiiu- (lfti>niini*>(l to

All u ri.li'.l. , ir , ,

iiiiikc one mon- clloil to iciiiovc
IVoiii the I'ailiaiih-iil ol till' noiiiiiiidii the puwt'i
to iilttT l!u' (iiiiuiciiil \n\s\s on which t'onrcdciii-
tioii hiid Ix'i'U I oiisiuimiatcd. It will Im- h'iiumii-
bficd thiit when till' Act uiiinliiiu a lari^'iT
amount ol' dt'ht ami an incn-aHcd Kiil>.sidy to
Nova Scotia was under di.scussiitii in lSt!!>, Mr.
Hlake moved an aineiidiiient on the constitu-
tional iirouinl thai Parliament was exceeding;'
the power iiiven it hy the Mritish North America
Act, by alleriiiu the linancial arraii<?ement
provided lor in that Ad. His anu-ndmcnt was
deleati'd ; l>ul determined to "try aiiain," he
moved in the Ontario Le'jfislature ,"or an uddress
to Her Majesty, prayiny' that she .vould <'au.se a
measure to he submitted to tlie Iiaperial Parlia-
ment lor tli(^ purjxtse ol removing' all color Ibr
the I'arliament ol the Dominion assuminu; the
l)ower to disturb the liiiiincial arranii'emcnts
made to ihe Mrilish North America A(,'t. The
adiliess was carried in the Ontario House and
duly I'orwarded, and the Secretary of State lor
the Colonies decided that the Dominion l*nrlia-
meiit had the power to alter the terms if it
pleased, and ihat it was not deenuul expedient
to dei)rive it ol' that power.* The (b'suati'h ol'
Lord (Jranville, oiveii below, was published on
the twenty-third ol' March, and on the thirtieth

Dinv.viM. St UK 1 1

Kolililaiy I'.Mll, IHTIP.

• Silt,— I liavi' till' liiihor In ]irkiiiiwlf<K'(' iIm' r» ipt nl' y,,iir Wr.-piitrh,

Nil. li, 1)1' the I Itli .liiiiiniry, t'lirutintiiiu >iii iiil'lri-s.^ h> titr (^iiitii I mm (hi*
|j<'i;i.'«liilivc .\:^>riiil>l\ 1)1 liii- I'i'Dviiti'i' III' OiiMino, |irii.\iiiK (liiit lli-r
M)iji"'ly wmil"! Ill' i:i;ii-iuii>ly i>liMsi-.| f,i ,.iiu.'.(' it nu'ji.-uri* In In- .^iiliiiiittr,!
ll) (III* llnl'iTiiil l*tirlliiliii-ll( tor till' tilll't»i!tr i)t' n'llli>\ iriK iill riilni- tor illi^
ii-^ui)i|il i'li), liy till' I'm rmliii'iit III' Ciiiiiiila, nl' tlli' jiiiwit t') ili^liirli (lit'
tiiiiini'iiil ri'liiiiiiii.- (■.iliilili:'lii'i| !)> till' lliiii-li .Nnrtli .Viiirrii'ii Ai't (Isr.Tln.s
lii'lwriMi Ctiiiiiilii 1111)1 the Hi'M'i'iil l*rii\ iru'e.').

Villi will III' )*i) I-' I IIS III InrDi'iu till' .X.-^M'iiilily lii.il (iu'ir ai|i|i-i'^> liii.-)

Im'i'Ii hiiil lii't'iiri' Hit .Miiji'sly, win) lui." Iiccii |)|i'ii-r.l di r<'i't'i\r ilu' ^iiiin'
vi'ry i:niriiiii''t>'.

Till' llrili.-li .\)ir(li Aiiiiri.'ii .Vi'l (iMiT) I'liilmiliiil 'lii' li'ni.s nl Cmi
li'ili'i'iiliiiii, iiifr I iijiDii (Iii-iiiikIi tlirir r('|'ri'.'*('iiliili\ .'.- Iiy (lii- iliHrrcnt

P|ii\ ilD-J-.-^ lit (In* I'liilill. mill Hit Mjl.il!sl> '.-^ linVI'l-llIlll'lll WdIiIiI )ll'( I'i'fl

jii.')titii-il ill |ir)i|iiisiiiir til llii' liii|ii-iiiil l*tirliaiiii-ii( Id ili'iirixi' tin* I'lirliii-
Uit'ilt of CiiiiidI.i III iiii> |iii\vri- wliii-li tliat ,-\r( lia." ii.-.^iifni'il to tliriii. I
lia\*' lii'uii ii)|\i>i!)| liy till- I.au- otlirt'i-.i -it tin' Crnwii (hat iiinhT .-iieli
Mhitiitti till) Cmiiiiliiiii I'arliMitii'iit hail aiidim ily to jiays tlu- Aft ri'.^iii'cliiiu
Nova .Sciitia' wliii-h wa..^ ri'torrcil to iliiriiij-' thu ilcliato in the l.i )^i.-ltili\ e
.V.'^si'iiihly III' itiitiirio.

I'ihIi'I- Ihi'si' I'iriiiiiiytai <,yoii will iiit'onii the A-isi'inlily lli.it I havr

lu'f ahli' loaihiM- Ili-r .\laj)'.-ly In an I'lli'd) tin' imiyii nl iIm' ii|iln'>s.

I loui. (h.'l -..Vi'., IIIIANVIM.K.

(iiiM'i'iior ili'iiiinil, till' Uii;ht llouorahh' Sir ,Ii)I1n Voimi, liart.. II C 11.,
(i.'J. .M.ti.

Mr lUake brought che subject before Parlia-
ment by iiiovin<? the Ibllowiny: resolution —
"That an lunnble address In- presented to Ib'i
MtK-it (Srai ious Majesty, pruyini;' that .-^he will
be pleased to cause a measun' to be submidiil
to Ihe Imperial rarliamcnl providinu' thai iln'
Parliament of Canada shall not have power in
disturb Ihe linaneial relations established l>v tli"
Kritish North Ameriea Aet ol' istlT, beiwiin
Canada and the several Provinees, as altered |i\
the A(!t respectiiiy Nova Scotia." He said ili:ii
he was willing to accept the opinitm oi" the Law
Ollice"- ol' the Crown with rcijard to the addi-
tional subsidy to Nova Scotia as linal as far a>
Ihat Act was concerned ; but he wanted to pin-
vide auainst any iK)ssible jarrini^' between tin'
separate Provinces and the Dominion, so lli.n
each minht keep within the powers i>ranted liy
the Constitution. Last year he had contemli'd
that the ParlianuMit of the Dowiinion had no
l)o\ver to alter the terms ol' the British Nnrth
Ameriea Act. Parliament had decided thai it
had, and the Law Ollicers of (Jreat Britain had
• leiided thai Parliament was rinht, and, tlnn-
lore, lor all practical purpo.scs, that qiu'>liiiii
was settle<l ; but he desired to provide again.'?!
the possibility ol' any I'urthcr advantage bcinir
given to Nova Scotia, or to any of the oilier
Provinces, He was willing to accei>t the s/nlii
i/ito provided Parliament put an end lo iis
legislative jiower to disturb the linaiiiiil
arrangements ol the Provinces, The mallfr
was one of the most vital importance to tlif
siU'cess of Confederation, and ought to be set at
rest, or it miuht giv'c rise to grave conipliiii-
tious in the future. He argued that in all
Constitutions ihcre was a reserve power in
amend, and that in tliis instance the pnwiv
rested with the Imperial Parliament uhiili
had granted the Constitution, and which uah
competent lo alter it.

1 n. — M r. ( >"( 'oniior contended t hat t he po^itiuii
of Nova Scotia was very dillereiit from that ol
the other Provinces, for, while .m,., |ii„u,., ,n,„i.«
they had voted to enter Confed- •■■"''""''•i'''""'
eration. Nova Scotia luul not, and the extra
•subsidy w as only given her to prevent a revelu-

(ioVI'MJNMKNT OK SIR JOHN YOUNd TIIIIM) SKSSION OF I'AKl-IAMKNr, IS70.

11;

tiuii. llnii. Mr. AiTliil»iilil lioM tliul Nova
Siotiii had not no movt' lliiiM slio was t>iilill<-d to
liv llu' toiinN ol' tlic (^UflMT ('oiilcifiici' ; aiul
siiid lliiil vvlu'ii slu> lound '.Ihit tlx' Doiiiiiiioii
\v;i.s iiol nciiU'ctlul ol' luT iiitcrcKt, the hittcriu'Ns

or l<'i'liim' MH'iiiiisl ('oiirt'dt'ratidii lifyiin to pass
iiwny lit' iiiovivl, ill auifiidini'iit to Mr. IMakf's
miiliiin, " Thiit this House adln'ros to tlic di'iision
of tlir Parliiimoiit »d" Canada hist session, as

I iiMordiil in an Act ontitlcil • An Act rcsiM'ptinjjf
Ni>\!i i^iolia ' Tiu> point of onh'r was raised
thai lliis was not an amendment, hut the
Spi'alvi'r ruled l!ial it was in order. Messrs.
Joly. 'A'ood, Mills, Dorion and others supported
Mr. liiake's motion, and Messrs. Howe, ('artier.
A;iL;lin and others oi)posod it. Sir John A.
Mardimald defended the previous action ol

' riirliaiiieni ; and maintained tiiat the Dominion
Parliament had the rif>ht to do as it pleased with
its own revenues, even to misuse them, ii' it
pleased. H(> instanced tlie i>rantin<>- of .f2(>,flOO
liy the old Parliament ol' Canada lor the reliet'ol'
till' wounded in the Crimea, and said that, should
thai ii'.solulion pass, it would Se the lirst instance
el' a colonv cominii' to the Tool ol' the Throne, to
li'.'i; Mild plead to have its priviloufcs restri<'ted.
lie jiistilied the action ol' rarliament in <iTantin«j
ii lurLivr suhsidy to Nova Scotia, hecause it was
lier due, and " thanked God that the ]Joiniiiion
wasiicli eiiouiih to he honest." He concluded hy
niovinuin ameiidnient to the amendment, "That
it is the nndouhted privilen'c ol' this Parliament
t(i lix and determine the amount of all expeiidi-
tuivs cliar'feable on all puldic accounts of the
country. " Mi. Mackenzie denied that Parlia-
ments had the rii^lit to do as they pleased with
ilii'ir iiw n revenues, as they could only do so
wilhiii the limits of their Constitutions, and
iii.Miiiiied the check put by the Minister of
Justice (Sir. John A. Ma<' 'oiuild) on the Lci>is-
laluri' of Ontario, when . desired to increa.se
the siilaries of Judges, as proof that Parlia-
meiil;iry Assemblies did not possess the rii-lit to
do wlial they jileased with their revenues. He
llifii entered into a long arj>;ninont to show that
the previous Act was in «lirect violation of
tlie Ihitish North America Act, and urged the

I
adoption of Mr. Hlake's resolution us n. safe- 1

guaril auainsl the recurrence of a similar viola-
tion in the future. After sonn' further debiile,
Sir John A. Macdonald's aiiieiidiiient was put,
and carried by a vole of 87 for. tlo against. Mr.
Oliver then moved "That this House is of
opinion that no further grants or provision
beyond those made by the Union Act and the

!' Act respecting Nova Scotia should in future be
made out of the revenues of Ciinada for the
support of the (iovernmeiit or Leiiislature of

I any oiu' of the Provinces." The amendment was
acceiiled by thi- Ministry and carried by Kit to
III.* Hon. Mr. Wood then moved to add llie

' words, '• That such steps shall be taken as to
render impossible any su< h grants or jirovisions, "
whii h was lost on a division by a \(ite of ") iig;iinst. Mr lUake was, ihcreforc. nyaiii
dt^'eated ill his elforl to get Parliament to t;ike
away the right which it was acknowledged to
have to alter the liiiancial basis of the Pritish
North America Ac*.

II. — 'Die <|in'stion of the "silver nuisance "
had yrown to be of so much importance thatj
Sir l'"rancis Hiiicks luriunl his ■|.|,„..,||^.,.r !

attention to devisinn' means to IV/;;.';,'",'.''.',',- ,1,,,
abate it, very shortly after he i'""',,.,.,, .v,,,,.. a.i,

accepted the portlolio of Minister of I'Mnance.
The e\ il had grown to be so u'reat and so wide-
spread, that he found the only way to remove ■
il was for the tlovcrnmeiit to lake the matter
in hand, buy up all the depreciated American
silver, export it, and supply its place with small
Canadian < oinaiio. For this purpose he i.ssued
a circularon the third of February, to the various
banks and brokers. oU'ering to buy three millions
of silver at an average discount of live and a
half per cent. ; and, on the thirteenth of Feb- i
ruary, ;v proclamation was issued that on and '
il'ter the lil'teenth of April, American silver
wt uld only lie a lei-al tender l'(n' eighty per cent,
of its face value — a (puirter to be worth only
twenty ceiit.s, and so on. The I'U'ect of this
proclamation was to induce shop-keei)er8 and

• Tin' Ivn uliM M.l('<l in Mil' iii't^atix'c ui'l'i- .Mt'.'-.^r.'*. .\ni.'lill. ItclliTnT.

CiiiiMii, C.iviii.Mii, |.',.il.i.s, .\l,.| Kiill (.AnliKciniHli) .Mi'(lri"\.v, I'.'i"

Ut'iiiMi'l, Uii'liiii'il.

ii*^*»

I i

i' ! i

I IS

Tiri'i-iis msToi.'Y or thk dominiox of caxada.

otlicifs lo rol'uso to liikt' silver, iiiid somo of the
mcclmni' s mimI olliri' woikiiicn \vli:ii(l in llif <lc|>i'i'(.'i:iliMl iiiiiiicy lor soiiu' lime
|)iisl, mid c oliipcllci! to lose tin- (liscoilllt. also
ici'iiM'd lo Idki' il. rxco|it ill its li'Uiil li'iidcr
Viduf. l'"allifr Itoiissi'lot, raiisli prii'sl at
Montrral, Miinniinri-d I'roiii Hit' altiir on tlir
t\vi'iily-»'ii;l>'li <irKi'l)iuary. tliat Aiiu'ritaii silver
would lit) loiiufr he lakt'ii lor tillies ttr churtli
IV't's, t'Xit'pl at twenty I'er eent. disctmnt ; and, i
as ihe rt'snil ol the general desire to uet rid of
the sliiir. tlie tliseoiiiit sttoii ifat ht-d llie point at
Avliit 11 till- (liiveniiiieni would foinnience tf>
pureliasi' — live per eent. -and Mr. William
Weir, of Mtnitreiil, was appointed \ty the
FiiuiiUf Miiiislt-r, (ioverninenl ati'ent tobuyaiitl
export Anierie;in silver. Meanwhile stuiif
Caiiatliaii sil\i'>', \n live, Ifii, twenty-live ami
lil'ly ifiil pieci's, had het-n etiim'il in lin<j^la!ttl,
aiitl ihesoiilieis were paid ill Canatlian silver on
Ihe lirst til April, ami simill amt)i!nls phn-eil in
till' hanks lor tlistrihiition. I!iit tiiere was some
lillletlflay in lietliiiii' a siilliiieiil anitmnt coined
to supply nil the siiimII liMnut' net'dftl lor Hade,
ami the l'"in;iii« (' Miiiisifr decidetl It) issiif hall-
a-inillioii tltill.irs' wtirth til I \\ fiity-live cent
Dominion notes to nifct Ihe Icmporary rfcjuire-
ineiit. Ihe iiolfs tti hf will. tl. awn as soon as
possihie after sulii lent Canadian silver was in
eirenlalion. The alleralitin in the liankiim' .\it
reslririiiii! the l>aiii<s IVom issiiiiiii' any mites of
sniallertli'iii nil illations ihan |! I rei|uired Ihalstnne
louisliition shoiiltl take plac'i- loenahlelhe Domin-
ion ttt issue siniill notes ami Iraetional turreney
to Ihe extent rei|uirt'tl. ami Sir l'"ramis Ilincks
acforilinyly inirotliieeil his Dominion Notes
Mill on the li-; til Manh. The Mill, as passfti,
repeivled the lirst se\ I'li settions ol' thi' Dominion
Note Aft of ISi'iS, exeepi in as I'ar as tlify t'lrccted
the iirraiiiii'inent.'^ het w ecu ihe (itivernmeiit and
lliink of Montreal, as v.'ell as section ten and so
much ol' seelitni eiiiht as relates to the amount
ol' isKUe ol' nol(<s and speeie ami dehentures to
he htdd. The issue ol sueli notes wns lixed at
$r),()0(),<)(iO, on sffiirity of ^pftii> ami tlrhcntuivs
—at least twenty per tfiil. of the lornier Iti hf
held; ami the i.ssiie miiahl lif imn'asftl I'rtnn

. time tr> time, not ol'tener than (|Uarlfrlv, liy
I order t)r the (lovernor-in-Coiimil, in aiiiniiiiN
t.r not more than !{il,()(Mt,00t). until the a--;v-
t;ate reathes $'.i,(l(t(l,(l()0. Al each iiiereasv- tn n-
&r),()Oit,(l()0 the U'eeeiver-Cieneral was ret|iiiiv,i
I to hold at least twenty-live per fent. tif iji,.
inerease in specie, and the whtilc ^'.i,()(l(i,(l(i(i ikii
to he issiietl unless tht! Reccivei-CJencral luld
at least $2,(l()i),()0(l in specie. The lietfi\,i-
; General was, as a rule, tti hold twenty-live per
cent, ol the delientiires heltl aiiainst th(!se !iiiie>,
in spetie; and the amount td' specie w:is iiol In
fall helow lil'teeii per cent, til' ihe aiuouiii in
eirculatitiii. Whenever the aimiunt ol' spit ir
I'ell helow Iweiily-live per cent, he must lukc
measures to raise il tti that amount, and l\r
mii;ht issue tlehentures to purchase specie, er
I'tir the purposes til' this Act, prtiviileil the auLiiv-
uale amount issued tliti not exceed thai aiiilier-
ized hy rarliainent. Dtiminion miles mi'^lit lie
issued lt> any amiiunt cxceetlina s;!i,()()(i,0(iii. Inn
the I»ecei\ t'r-( leiieral siioiiltl keep a reser\ e in

sjx'ci ,ual to the whole ol' such excess. Tin-

(Jo\ t'riior-in-Council was authorized to eslahh-li
branches of tiie U'eeei\ fr-CJeiieral's ollit:c .n
Ttirtinto, Montreal, St. .Itihii ;iHtl Ilalir.ix. Im
Ihe redenii)tion 1)1' these utilesi or niiuht niakc

arraiiu'ements with lianks at tlmse pi s lor

their redeniptitin. The Receiver-treneral w i^

retiiiiretl to publish a statement every iiioiiih

shovvinii' the aintiiint ol' iioles tiulstamliiiii- iiiul

Ihe tlehentures ami specie lielil, ami staliiii^- Imw

much w as heltl at cat h branch or agciicy. Tin'

bill met wilh much oiiposition in the Iloi^f

rrt)ni Messrs. Mackenzie, llt)lton, ami a lew

others, and considerable moililicatioiis weif

matle bell)!'!' it linally pass.'tl, as uivfii ;!i

substance above. The issue ol ' shin-pla^tcr^,

as Ihe twt'iity-live cent notfs were calleil. \>:e-

particularly tlistastel'iil lo some members, ainl,

' on the mf)tion lor reading the bill a lliinl

I time, till the lilth ol' April, Mr. Mackeii/i''

I Mowell moved, in ainendmeiit, ''That the IJill

bo rel'erred back lo the ("tiinmiltce ol' iln'

I whole, to be so alllelltled that no bill nj ;i

smaller tientiinimition than one tlojlar can In'
I issueil." The aiiieiitliiienl was lost b\ a Mil''

(;()\ KK'NMKNT OK Sll{ .lOIIN YOl'Nd -TlllliD SKSSIoN OF I'A l.'I.IA.M KN T lS7(t.

I!)

- J

nl hi:, ;iu;iiiist lo oS for, iiiwl till' Mill passed.

IJ ( >iir of llic most ;iiiiiiiato<l dt'ltiitcs ol'tlH'

siv-vUHi l<Mik pliicf (HI tin- twclltli of April, on

(lie siihjcit of the Intt'rroloiiiiii

Mr A. T. Iiiiir> •'

K'l'-ii !""«'■ IJailwiiv. The ( >piiositioii had

111. Ill IT "I ■' '

1 ■ii"i'ii"\ always coutriidi'd thai the Imild-

Illli'lVirl'illllll

""'"'■ inn' of sinli an cxleiisive road as

a I'liMii Work, pnt too uieat an anionni ol
patreiiaue into llie hai.ds of tlie ( iovernmcnt,
:iiiil tlial tile cusl of lln> road wonid he i^realer
lliaii if it was hnilt as a private enterprise, siihsi-
ili/i(l In a limited extent hy the (}o\ ernment.
On ilie motion ol the Finanee Minister to y-o
iatn Comniillei' of Sni)ply. therefore, Sir A. T.
(iali moved, " That the Honse «U) not now i>'o
iiild ( 'iimmilte(> of Sui)piy, hiii that, the I'ollowinj^
ri'MiliilioM.'^ lie adopted : That the present system
uiiilei wliirh the I niereolonial U'ailway is heinii'
reii-M 111 led as a, puhiie work is expensive and
uusalisfactory : that it is nut in tiie pnhlie
iiileresi that the (lovernment shonld he ciiiirned
Willi ilie maintenance and workiiiy of railways,
and ili.il sleps should he tai<eii lo ascerl.iin
wlnllier ariaiiuements eamiot lie made with res-
piiiiMlilr parties fur the construction of the
liiiiiiMliiiiial h'ailway as a private enterprise,
iiicliidiiiu- all existing' contracts, ami for the
anpiiremcnt of exisliuL;' Dominion railways in
part paymeul thereof." He said that he did not
intend liis motion as one of want of conliih'nce
ill llie (}o\ I'liimciit, he only iiitcmh'tl it as an
c'ii(|iiiry tu see whether llie road could not ho
Iniili rlieaper than it could he under existing-
arraimenients. The Hrilish Nor*h America Act
(lid not riMpiire the Canadian (lovernment to
liuild ihe ruad as a, puhlic work, Iml simply to
Ml' lliai the road was constructed ; it wns tho
Art |.iissed hy ijie Dominion rarlianu'iit which
ivi|iiiivd the road to l.c huilt as a puhlic work,
uinli'i 'li(> supervision of Commissioners. He did
iml wivli to hlame either the (lo\ ernment or thu
t'liiiiinisvii. tiers, hut, after two years trial, it wuh
li'iind ihat the law did nut work well, and ho
llmuulit ihatthe wisest plan was to clianu'c tho
liiw. If it could he shown that a sivviiii;- in the
I'xpenM' of construction could ht> made hy
• liiiii^iiio il,,, piini ol' luiildiim' th(! road, ho con-

sidered it was the duly of i'arliameiit to chani^e
the plan. The resolutions did not demand a
chaiim> of iiolicy and the aduplimi uf a new plan
for Imildiiii;' the road ; I hey only asked that steps
siiould 1>(^ taken to ascertain whether ihe ruad
could not he huilt cheaper if a dill'erent plan was
adopted. Ho then went into a statement ol
tlie proliahle cost of the mad if conlinucd in ihc^
manner it was commenced, piiitiiiii' the amount
at !3i-'0,000,<li)O, ;ind wiit on lu ari-ue ihat it
could he completed fur mU' h less, ii dune as a
])rivate enterprise instead t>\' a imhlii \\ urk.
U'eferrintf to the lines owned hy the (ruvern-
ment in Nova Sidtia and New Ihunswick. ho
showed that they were heinii' run at a heavy
loss, and contended thai railways cuuld nut lie
run as economically hy (}u\ ('iiiiiieiil as hy
privatt> parties, as there was nut the same per-
sonal interest to make them pay. Ihe only
ellect of the resolutions was to ask the (lovern-
meiit if they could lind responsihie parties
williiii;- to huild the road, to lei ihein do .so.
ill' Ixdicved Ihat a saving of seven or ei'^'ht
millions could he ell'ected, and if that cuuld
he doiu! it was the duly of the (io\ ernment to
do it; that seven or cinht millions would ho
onouL-h to defray the cost of cnlaniinsi' thi>
canals, which was a work fast pressing' itsidf on
puhlic attention. He did not think that adoptiiu;'
Ihe plan jwoposod hy him coullirled with the
Ih-ilish North America .Act, ur the imperial
(Jnarantee Ad, hut if it did conlli. t with
tho letter of the latter, he felt sure the Imperiiil
Governmonl wduld not ohject to amend it. if it
coilld i)e shown that Canada would therehy
save a larjfe sum of money. Mr. .'^Iiaiily, iu
.socondin;;' the motion, referred lu the laruftf
numlier of ('ontraclors who had failed, and said
it was l»ecause lliey had tendered too luw in the
lirst place in order to secure Ihe euiitracl. lie
could not hlame th(> Cummissiuiicis for lli;it. its
they had to lake the lowest lenders, hiu ho
ihout^lit it would he much ln>tler lor tin*
(.lovernment to have ii()thin<>' to do with huild-
inu' railways.

I.'). — lion. . I. Ii. Cameron thouiilil thai hol'ore
it was determined to change the manner of

i w

!^:

_Jt

f ' ,1

150

TdTTLK'S IIISTOUY OF TIIK DOMIXIOX OF CANADA.

buildiii"' till' r();i(l, iiiul turn it ^. , .

^ ' Mr (J. !■,. < iirtlur .-•

ov.T t(. priviii.' parlies, it ..ut-i.) ■!;:!z::,::t^"'vM«.,y

to he shown li()\v thi' roiid ('(Hild i'"'" ■
1)(! made to pay as a comnn'icial cntcrinisc ; lie
(lid not tliiuiv tliis (ould l)i' done, lor the road
was a great deal more ol a i>olitical work than
it was oi' a coimiiercial enterprise. Ho con-
tended that thi' IniiH'riiil (Jovernment liad
uuarantoed a lt)an lor the Canadian Govern-
nienl on tlie condition tiiat tlie hitter ))iiilt the
road, l)iil did not uive it thu power to yivo nj)
the control oi' the road, and to pass tlie respon-
sibility over to some one else. Sir (Jeorj^o E.
Cartier elaimed that the resolutions did imi)ly
a vole ol' censure on the ( io\ ernuieiit, lirst, on
their poliiy in l)uildint;' the road; and, second,
as to the manner in whieh the (rovernmeiit
railroads in Nova Siotia and New Brunswick
were run. He entered upon a ireiieral defence
ol" the pnlicy of the (lovernment. and claimed
thiit greater prouress had l)een maih- on the
road than h;id ever Ikm'u iiceomplished on any
road l)uilt in lJpt)er Canachi. rarliament at its
lirst se.ssion had sanctioned theexistinir arrnnye-
ment, and Commissioners were appointed on
the eleventh ol' December, \SM. It was
decided to proceed at once with such siMtions
ol' the work as were ready, and lenders for
ninety miles had been received on the sixth ol'
February, 1H(J(I, there beinu' no less than sixty-
two tenilers for each contract tr) be let : on the
si,\th ol April three more contracts, I'or a tola! ol'
eiyhty-one miles, were let, and there were
eifrlily-lour tendiTs I'or each ol' these sections ;
on the eighteenth ol October li\e more con-
tracts, for a total ol' ninety miles, were let,
niakinii' tlie wliole lennlh contracted I'or two
hundred and lil'ty-one miles, at a total cost ol'
!|;!,."i()7, 00(1 -the amount actually \y,\u\ on vvliich,
up to thirty-llrst of December, was $.3-'i-"^i,7(iil, or
about tell per cent. Some of the contractors, he
admiticd. had failed to carry out their contracts
and they h;id been annulled, but would be all
re-let bel'ore the worlviiit;- season commenced in
Mav. Seventy-four milc.s more would be lei
in a few diiys, and by the end of May lifly-livi-
miles moH', iiicliidinu' tin- briile-i-s aiiross the

llesliiiouche and Miramichi. I5y tli<' end o|
the season tliree hu!idre(l and lil'ty miles would
be under contract, and tlie wliole line would be
let l)efore the end of next sumuier. Liuid had
l)een obtained at Moncton for tln' worksliniiv,
and, meanwhile, such rollin"- slock as would
l)e wanted immediatidy had been orcb'red.
The section between Uiviere du Loup and
K'imouski was well ;idvance<l, and would lir
open for travel early in 1871, which would
(;ause a uain of twelve iiours in deliverinu' tlie
i'lnj^'lish mails. He claimed tliat the (»ovcrii-
ment was doinii' all in its powi'r to <'()itii)leic
the roa.d as s|)ccdily as i)0ssible, but they < ould
iiol build il in one niyhl, like a palace in a i'any
tab'; nor could the ( Jovernmenl pre\(;nt cmi-
Iraclors from failini;-, it could only re-let their
contracts as rapidly as possible and push on
the work, lie defended the system of jL^iviiiu'
contracts for small sections, and haviiin' tlic
contractors directly under the control of lli.'
( lo\'e;i!meiil, instead of uivintf out laiiic cdi-
Iracls and have the contractoi's sub-let tlieiu in
small se(;lions. lb' compared tlu! manner nl'
buildiiie- the Inlerc(donial with the way iln'
(Jraiid Trunk was built, and said that the lalicr
lia<l re;dly cost t;l'J,000 a mile for the .seciion
between Montreal and Toronto, and tlO.(liiO;i
mile from Toronio to Sarnia, while the aciinil
expenditun^ to the men who did the work was
not over tH.OOOamile. Ihebalanctibeini-iiiadeiiv
the lary'e conlraclors. Heclaimed that the Iiilei-
i-olonial would not cost over t;7,0()0 per mile in
the way il was being built, as the CJovernuicnl
did not want to make a big profit out of il, liki'
a large contractor did. He Ihouyht this w.i'^
not the proper time to raise the (|ueKtion of li"\v
the line should })e run; wail until the linr
was linished, and tlmn the (lovernment would
deiidewhether it would work the line, (U' I'l
it to olhers. Messrs. liolton, Cartwriglit .md
others sup|)orled the resolutions and con-
demned the policy of the (joverniiient, after
which a vote was taken and Sir A. T. (iall'"*
motion defeat 'd by |0 j'or to i»8 against.

1 I. h'or some time |ircvio;is there had iieeii
periodical rumors (d' intended I'cnian invasions,

M'ClKlll

III.IIIIM :l
(' 111 llliil

(ivl; w iis

|iii;iili'l)y

11' Iiili'i-

iiiili' ill

'rmin'iit

ir il, lilo'

lllis \v;i^

of ll'iW

|Ul<' lilK'

WDlllil
, ..!■ I'l

Lilt Mini

1(1 < "II-

lll, ill'l'T
(lllll-

Ll lii'i'ii

l\ ;i>ii'ii'^,

I \i

, ' ■ 1 "

i I

IhJ

152

TITTI.KS IIISTOUV OK TIIK DOMINION orCANAI»A.

coiumunicalioii sliould l)t' adoplcd 'ts would
send the piodiu ts of the AV'cst into In l)oiirt nl'

N-

f\V

'ill

Hid.

i he fiina! system ol ran

idii

so Inr, \v;

hi'

IMlllli'lllKUl \

;. it jravc no direct coin-
iiie West, ;illd helow Kill<fStoil

\\i' iiiiulit ;ili'.ost as well h:i
they w ei'e nidy lit tor loeiil t

\e no cailM

Is. 1

nillM'.

II.

ur£;'e

le iiiipiirtaiic

)!' Imildiiit

irop

('auiilniiiwiiiia canal, sayiiiu- tliat it was a I'allaey
to suppose that all the urain from the West
went to I'iUrope; immense <|uantities went every

year lo ll'.e \i

I-

d Slates,

and lio eons)-

d(>red tnese States the natural market lor
Canadian i^rain, lor they would nover bo able

to su|>p

ly th.

msclves. The St. Lawr

(Mice canals

he ciiiimi'd, slopped wiierc they should go on.
and a very laruc portion of the Western trade,
whi(.'ii hrouiiiit over !j">."0(i,OnO annually into

.Ji'erf

it the Stal(

Vorl.

IV. lOtl

diverted to Canada, hy means of tiic Caiii>hna-
waua canal, lor Iroijihtiould he broiiiiht ejicaper
by that route than by way of Albany and Troy.
lie urged thai the work should be done
thorouubly and coiiiidetely ; it would not do
merely to lide oyer a diilieully. l)ut I(V investing

ai"ei\ III imii;o\ enieiits ol

th.

water com muni-

cations, il Would be Ibuiid that Canada would
be repaid live dollars lor e\ cry oin' siie iii\ csted.
Mr. .loiies (Leeds) thouiiht thai the peoph^

shou

(1 rellerl sellOllsJv

'tori

nil iirruiy so

serious an expense

that i)roi)osed by these

improvements, lie could ii

how the

project was to be nnide a<l\ antaii-eoiis, unless

it was thouiflit that

the 1<

ills would pay ; and

lie doubted liie policy of Canada spending
!Si:^ii,<iM0.00O on the construction ol' canals to
eiiiibie tile Weslerii American liiriiiers lo reach
the seaiioard cheap. r and (luhker, so as lo he]i»
th.iii to compete more sui'iessruily with Canada

which did its work by Commission .ivl |,,|]|;
its debts in shin-plasters. " He was stroiiijiv i.i
I'avor ol improving the water ioiniiianicati.>ii-.
and advocated the buildiim of the rjiualni'i
waga canal as well as one on the Canadian vi.l.'
ol' Sault Ste. Marie, Sir John A. Macd.iiiiil.l
delended the appoint ment of a Commission.
and said Ihut il had been done at the r.-ipii'si
of .some thirty or forty members of Parliani. ai,
V, ho had recjuested him to do so; and li.'
argued that the Commission was necessary, >..
that a full and complete report may l)e lia.l
on the whole subject of the iniproM'iii.'iii
of our water communications, which w: ;i
matter of the utmost importan.e. He arL;u.il
that the eiiiaru-ement of the <aiials \\ii> ii
necessity, not to accommodate the AnieriiMii
trade, but on account of the immense trail.' w.'
may expe.t to have in a few years from our .i\\ ii
Xorth-Wesl, now that the country was b.'in;:
ojH'iied up and settled, lie th.uiyht, how.'V.i.
that by im])roving the canals immediately w.
would be r.'iiio\ iiui' one of the arn'um.'iiK in
favor of a lv.'ci|)r.iiily Tveaty with the Uiiil."'
Stall's, for that had always been held o.il as i iir
of th.' iiidu. .'iiienls for such a treaty, an. I iln'
Ain.'ri.aus may not bo so willing 'o Liiv.'
Ke. iproiity if they found that they could 'id
the Canadian <anals enlarged without jiromisiivi
anything in return. The debate was udjoiUin'd.
but no a. lion was taken at this session on ili^
enlar'jeiiieni, b.'\.,is.l th(> [lassing of sonn' .-niiill
'.'■ins ill the "^^'i-i';' '''H. foi" slight inipiov.-
UK'uts and altcnilioiis on 111.' ditfereiit caii;!].--

Hi. — The irritating a. Ii.)!! of th.' United .Siiiti>
in avoiding areii.'walof the Re. ipro.ity Trcaiy,
while c.nistaully i)r.'l.'iidina' to \,,|. i,,,.,,,,,
bi' willing I.I do so, . auscd a very {|'ii|I'j.'j','."'",i','i'i'i',','.

i-ttiiu f r..'ii'

in th.' grain inaik.'ts of liuioi).'. Mr. Ma.'keiizie
ridhuled the id. 'a of the (lovernmeiit liavi

IIU'

to appoint a commissi. in on the siil)ject,as ih.'y

general I'e.'ling of discontent at '"
the unsatisfaitory condition of alliiirs to b' lil.
throughout Canada, .American lisherm.'ii w.'iv
still allowed to lish in Canadian waters, aliii.i>i
had aiiipl.' surveys of the St, I,iawrence and I lu' same as while th.' Ir.'aty was in exist. 'ini'.

for althoimii th.-re was a nominal Ii. ens.' I'.'.' .•!
$2 a ton on Am. 'ri.au ves.sels, it was not riui.ll}
I'liforced, i'lid very few of them i>aid it; lii''
products of the Ameri. .^n mines, 'orcsts ;iii.l

"W.'lland canals, and of th.' Ottawa and St.

to 1)

aw'.'.'iiee rivers n their jiossi'ssion, and oiiiihl

do tl

worlv

uemselves

might b.' said that that was ,. Clovernmeiil

.'"1 p.IKi

'oiiiily ia ,
lirntioii-.
';iuuliii-i
ilimi sidi'
ucdoiiiiltl
nuiissidii,
e r('(iuost
.rlianii Ml,
; and !i.'
fssavy. Ml
y he liiul
rovc'iiu'iii
•h W" II

[(> MVliUiMl
Is \\;is ,1

AiinM-iiMii
Iraili' \\i'
'. oiir (iwii
MXH bciu'i
, howi'Vii,
liiitcly \\.

lUUi'llI^ '.I'.

u' Uiiil.''

Kit ilS ( 111'

and ill''
•u ^-ivi'

(•(Mild 'iVl

|)romi>iivi
iidjoai-iii-Hl.
fin oil ill'
ouii' >in;dl
iiiiprovi'-
Icaiuds
L-d .Sl;it''>
t\ Tn'iiiv,

„tii..
hi III.'

tol

luii'll Wi'I'i'

I's, aliiiosi
loxisii'Ui v.

IlISC I'l'l' III

Lil ri^iiilly
lid it ; ill''
\w>\- aiiil

v__^_:i— ^ -^ —

jfi' (T |.l ^ iiim

1 1

■■'"'''.' t'roi'.Siv. OR

iii

i»mi'vi;- ;>p<il<Siv foo- Ui:' .. ■, iiis:am ,!( it.i liOMimon

.jNj 3( ia4R*i'i ..'nn i.oMi"

I i

lishcrii's \
while Iiiii'l
l>rohil)itoi'
|iri"lii('ts,
siilfil :inii
;iM<l iIkiI il
IVc'i' iiiicrc
iiiu>l pniti
WDiild lit'.
Till' i|iu'sti

lllU.St'cl lllO

liiin' I'roN
Jell II A. M
till' lliinl o
o| the (i()\-
Alilrl-ic;ili I
t;ikrn to t
vi'i-y wi'li It
, gciiiTiilly.
Vi'SSt'is Jisli
|>as>c'(I, wh

Vi'SM'ls InUll

iii;iy he sciv
into :i Ciiiii
iiiiisti r cxaiii
iiiu 1(1 iiiisut
III' lial)le to
had lii'cii fi'
iiiiiriiic mile;

\ liilixl (U'il

; AiinTicaii \H

iiii;- tiiulf w h

j il liki' i>ri\il(

I provided tlm

•allied IVoiu

''•Ve,)i| ji, lii-j

and ihe IWiie

liie hireiuii

until paviuei

j "1' roiieiiiiiv.

' ''nihorized te

Act vessels Iji

I li'ade i> ,,p,,,

I <"ily lo eoiae

i mil lo inteilu

Iinpi'iial Wo\

1 17.-Th(.

1?^

(ioVKIJXMKNT OF SIF{ JOirX YO('X(!— TIIK J{KI> lUVVM TffOl'ULMS.

I.VJ

lishcrit's w i>rc still lulinittftl IVfi' into Camicla,
while hi<i"hly piotcrtivc, and in sown' cases almost
liiohil)itory, duties were levied on ("anadian
lUiitliK'ts. and il was lell, at last, that this ono-
>iili'(l ananufineni could not exist any lonu'er,
and ilial ii' ihe United States would not uiant a
iV.'f inieichanire ol' natural products, Canada
iiiiist protect her own interests, and adopt what
would l»e. lo SOU'.' extent, a retaliatory policy.
The (piestion oi'llic lishcries was the one which
raiisi'd most annoyance, es|>ccially in the Mari-
liuii' I'rovinces, and the announcement of Sir
.Inliii A. Macdonald. in answer to Dr. Fortin.on
the third of Mar( h, that it was not the intention
ol the (lovernment to issue any more licenses to
Aimrican lishcrmen, and thai steps woidd l)e
taken to thorouuhly protect (lie ilshcrii's. was
vi'ry well received hy the House and the country
ifcnerally. An Act, with re<rard to lorciiiii
vi'ssels lishinii' in Canadian waters, was also
[lassed. which provided that I'oreinn lishino-
vessels lound hovering ahout Canadian wati-rs
may bo seiztid hy the lishina' oliiccrs, hroun'ht
into a Canadian port and .searched, and the
master examined on oath. In case ol' his ret'us-
iui; lo answer, or not answerino' truly, he should
lie lialile to a line ol' *4n0 ; and if the vessel
had lieen lishiuii' without license within three
marine miles of shore she should l)e Ibrleited.
A good deal ol' annoyance had heen I'elt at
American vessels eiigaiiing in Canadian coast-
iii'j trade while Canadian vess(ds were deharred
il like pri\ileo-e, and an Act was passed which
provided that no u'oods or passenyers should he
carried I'rom one port in Canada to another,
exiv|)t iu r.ritish ships, \inder a penalty of #4110
:ui<l (he i'orl'eiture of (he goods so smuoo|ed,und
ihe loreiun vi'sscl oU'eiiding may he detained
luilil payment ol', or .security I'or. such penaltv
or rorlciinrc. The llo\ I'rnor-in-Council was
;iUihoriz,'d to exempt I'rom the operation ol' the
Act vessels belonging to nations whose ccmsling
trade is open to liritisli ships. The Act was
only lo come into eilect i)y proclamation, and
not to interi'ere witii any rights granted by the
Imperial Uovcrnnient by treaty.
IT.— The i'eeling that Canada would bi^

benelited by the adoption of a I'roieciive tarill'.
as directed airainst the ript"!

.,.,11 . , I'lir ihlnl'li"" "t .1

Mates, also heo'an to liiiin ground, i'r..iiMh\.' r.niii
and found ipiite a number (d'
advocates both in tlic press ami in railiament.
On the seventh <d' March, Mr, Oliver moved I'or
an address to Her Majesty prayinu- that an
import duty be i)Iaccd on wheal, llnur, lMdi;in
corn, hops, salt and coal. He uryi'd thai iho
existing state ol' things oa\c ihe Aiiieiican pro-
ducer an unfair advantaoe over the Canadian,
l)y admittini:' his goods duty Ire.- to th'' < '.iiiadian
markets while Canadian 0(„)i[,s wore sui)j<cied
to hiL:h duties before they ((.uld rea. ii the
American markets. He thouoht thai there was
no chance of a renewal ol i lie l{i'.i|irn ii v i real v,
and our oiilv ciuiiso was In protect, our own
markets. He declared that the Anierii'ans were
making a slauuhter market of Canada in some
articles — noticeably salt — for ihednublc purpose
ol destroying' home i>roductions iu Canada
ami kcepini:- up prictvs in tiicir own markets,
Mr, M, C, Cameron dc( lar<'d tiiat I i)pci- Canada
was almost unanimously in favor of a I'lotectivc
T.-irill, and said that the h'inanie Minister, who
had already made himself i)opiilar by his
Bankiuii' policy, could increase his pnpulari'.y
by adopting a protective policy, Messrs.
Ferguson, Magill, CJibbs, Hiiichinsoii. Stephen-
son and others also spoke in favnur of pro-
tet tion. and Mr. Mills iu favor of free tradi'.
Mr. .\nglin declared thai the Marilime Provinces
wanted neither protection nor fnc tr;Hle, but
till' policy which would do the most "ooil for the
counirv Mr. Mackenzii' denied that a I'ro-
teiition i)olicy would be acccidable to Ontario,
and spoke parljeularly of his own constituency,
which he knew to be opposed lo it. lie
advocated the polii y which would give the
greatest amount of cheapness to the consumers,
and was ojtposi'd lo a I'roteciivc larilf which
wiiuld increasi! i)riccs and oidy beiiclit a few,
Hon Mr. Howe said thai the Maritime I'rciv inces
had l)cen in favor of l'"rce Trade, Imi, now
that the I'niled Slates was iisiiio- a high larill'
as a means of coMcioii, he thonohl that they
would favor protection. Sir Francis Hincks

if \l

■ W

'!f''vll

■"

<'; i !

I '

I'll

TUTTLKS lllsroiiv ()!•• IIIK I>n\| 1 Nl< ).N ( )l' ( AN A I>A.

d»!sin'd Ihiil thi- niMttcr sliouKl Ik- l.-ll over until
the (!o\ciiimi'iil liad iiiiiiouiii imI il.s policy,
wliirli he iliou'^lit would ln' >alisiiu;lory ^ and
Mr. ()li\ci wiilidii'W IiIn nicitiun, dm llic iukUt-
.sliiMdina tli:il lit' would rciu-w it it' IIh- ixilicy
propOM-d i)y 111*' (idVi'iMiMU'ut did not pi<i\('
lU'fi'plahic, ()m lilt' scvfiitli ol Apiil. Sir l''ran<'is
KuhiuiUt'd Ills larill' resolutions which provided
lor the iniposiliou oT a <luty ol liliy tt'nispvr
ton on coal. i\\ cniy-iivc ccnl.s [xt hanvl on
iJour, lour cents per bushel on wheat, and three
CLMils i)er hushi'l on other ivrains. Ii\ e cenis i)er
bushel, or lilieeu eenl> pel' Inirrel, on sail, ten
pi;r cent ml niliirim nu animals of all kinds,
except iiniuials iuipuried lor llie improvement
ol" stock, whii'l. were adniilled duly I'ree, ami
Houie other alleialimi' \\lii<h sliuhily increased
the vahu! ol' duty ou \arious articles

is. — The proposed larill' did not nied v\iih a
very cordial reception; it \\a> sullicieully pro-
tective to slmw a relaliatorv spirit

\il.i|.ti"ii ..I Mil' . I ■ ■ 1 > , ' 1 ,

•• I'lMic.iivi" Tariii au'iunst the I niteil Mates hut

liill. Il- l'l"^i'i"M-. ^ , 1.1

scarcely strouti" cnuuLili to allord
iUi\ Lii'eal aninuut oi i)roiet'i iou ; and i lie ( )pposi-
tioii attacked it a.s a revenue ttirill' cooked up to
look like protecliou hy playinii' oil' the I'roviuces
against each other, protectiui? Nova Scotia coal
lor till' purpose ol <.^ivin^' ii an o[)portuiiity to
compete with Auiericaii ccal in the Ontario
market, and iuiposini;- a duty on Auiericaii Hour
to pr-itect the proi' sctsol C)ntario in the Mari-
time I'rovinces. Sii Francis Hincks, personally
u Free Tr.ider, was not a vtiry warm advocate
ol" his own policy, and caused much merriment
in the lIou.se. on the t\\ I'lity-sixth ol' April, hy
staliii'j- that the (ioveriimeiit had decich'd not
to place any dulics on coal, ^rain. Hour, salt,
^v... ami afterwards, imim'diately after recess,
anuouiicinn' that a Cahinet meeting' had been
held and the (ro\'eriinieiit ha<l <h'tennined to
put on ai^ain all the dulics they had taken oil'
heforn dinner. This irresululioii on the part of
the Govt-rnmeiit, and seeiniui;- want of faith in
its own polit y, coiisiderahly weakened the hill,
and some of the press w hich I'onstantly sup-
ported the (lovi'inmeiit now condemned the
measure, Iml it w as eventually carried, although

several amendments to put Hour, meal, coal and
<'oke on the l''ree list were only deleatc(| l(\
narrow majorities, ami the lull w.is passi'd ni
the Seliiite liy llle idose vole of lis tr> lil. I ||,.
hill, as linally adopted. pro\ ided that the duty
on aniiinils should he ten per cent, ml '•nhmm.
hut animals importeil for I ho impro\emeni (,{'
slock should he admitted duty free, under icliu.
latioiis to he issued hy the Treasury Hoard ami
appro\ed hy the(lo\ernor in Council; cii;ai>,
forly-live cents |)er p(uind ; ureeii fruit, li.i\,
straw, hran, seeds (not cereals). vcy-,'l ihli'>,
planis. Idols, trees and shrubs, ten per ceiii.;
coal and coke, lifly cents per ton ; s.ill (exce|ii
from Ihitish possessions, or for sea or i^iiH
lisheries, which is free), ii\ e cents per busli'l ;
hops, live ceiils jier pouiid ; \ iiicLiMr and a^ .Mie
ai'id. tell <i'nls pe|- ^mIIdh; rice, om? cent per
pound; wheal, four i enis p.'r bushel; other
urains. three cents pi'i- bushel; \\ lu'at and r\e
Hour, twenty-live ceiils p.^r barrel; other ll..i(i-
and meal, lil'lei-n ceiiis pi-r barrel ; spiriis, umi
mixed or sweeieiied, such as rum, brandy, -la.
whiskey, iVc., ei^'hty ci-nts ; er ii'alloii ; spiiits.
mixed or sweetened, such as rum-shrub, cv-
dials, bitters, iS:e., one dollar and twenty ciiii>
per li'allon ; (Vdoiiiie .•aleraml perfumed spirii-.
not in llasks, one dollar and tweiii\ eeiii^ iier
gallon; wines of all kinds, iweiity-live pereeiii,,
and tell tents per u.illon ; tobacco and sinilf.
twelve ami a half i>er cent., and twenty eeni-
per pound; machinery, y'old and silver leaf.
emery paper and emery cloth, and platius' IimI',
reino\ed from the free list and idiar^'ed lilieeu
per cent. Iron wire and a few other ariiles
placed (III tlie fiei' list. .Authority wasLii\cii in
the (loveriior-in-Coiincil to issue a pioclaniii-
lioii admittini'' the l'ollowiii'4' articles free, or ;il
a le.ss rate of duly, wheiu'ver it ap|)earcd ili;it
similar articles would be admitted free, or at the
same rate of duly, from Canada into the I nil'd
Slates, viz. : Animals o| all kinds, ur*'''" I'"'''
hay. straw, l>ran, seeds ol all kinds, vc^elaMi .s,
plants, roots, trees and shrubs, coal and eokc,
salt. Imps, wdieal, [teas, beans, barley, rye, oats,
Indian corn, huckwheal and all other e:;iiii.
Hour, wheat and rye, and ol' •!■ Iloui- ami iiie.il

linillhel ol

(;(»\ r.i;N.Mi;\T (H" sir; .Kiiiv Yofvc tin: i!i;h i;i\ i;i! 'ii!()rr,i,i',s.

I.V)

ImiiiT. (ln'i'sf. lish. salti'd or siiiokt'd ; liinl.
i liiHi'W, ;i'ul iiii'iils, IV.>li, sall'd or -iiii-ki'il

r.' -Tli>' M'>si(Hi \\a- rt'Ui.iikal)li' t'i>v the
IIUllllx'l <>l (tovi'l'lilili'lll Hills iltll'iKlll. 1(1. aliil

iKii 1 Mirii'd iliioiiuli. Oil till'
1 ,i..i,Mi..i. 111.' twriii v-liiiulli (>! r''l)ni.iiVi Mr

Ciii-'i- '

.loliii A. Macdoiiiilil iiitfodiici'd
iii> .1,1 liiiii law i'or assimilaliiiMr the iiiaiiin'V ol'
Imliliii'.: I'it'otioiis liii' till' ("iiiiiiiioiis ill all llic
I'ltiv IIP IV- ; Imt llii' iiiiMMiii' was m> iiupcrii-ct.
and was iml l>y so many ciWjr'ilioiis IVinn hoiii
>iil.'^(ir till' lloiisi'. l!iat it was iiiialiy alianduiicd.
III! ilr third III' Ma\ Sir .luliii A. askiiii:- li>r its
ilis, liarui' I'loiii Uic uidcr paiicr. A similar laic
li ji'l liii- All to rsialilisli a Siipii'iui' Court oi llic
liiiiiiiiuoii. wiiiiii was ill! rod need hy Sir .loliii
A Miiiijiiiialil, nil ihi' I'itihtfciitli nl' March, l)ut
iii'\ri ii-aclird its s(vond reading- and was
witlnlraw II oil till' ii'iuli i>r Miiy. < )ii tin-
t'liurli'iiitli of April a Mill to cstahlisii iho
|)r|)arliii'iit of S ii't'tary of State I'or ilu' Trov iii-
ii's was iiilroduci'il ; Imi on a motion hy Mr
M.h I, iii/ic lo thccll'i-rt that lln^ 1 (cpartmi'iit was
uini'. i's>ar\ . till' (I'll, III' was adjiiiirn.'il, and lli
liiil ipiii'ily (liupprd. Cnrrt'iii'y ivso|iiii()ii>
wiMv also intiddiiri'd, Init siilisiMiiu'iilly with-
draw n. and a Kill lixiii'j llic rate ol" interest,
iillrr heiii-i' amended and re-amended, linally
vii lived ihc " fsix months" hoist '" on the casiine'
vole III the Si)eaker: a i'ate to whieli Mr. Mills'
l)u,il li'epresentation liill also experieiiceil
Mr. Tliiiiiii)>oii (Ilaldimand) introdnceil a JJill
iiliiilidiiiiL! the Krankiim- privile^'c, uivini^' ashi^
ivaMiii I'or doing so that he thouu'lit the privilege
\Mis heiiiii' ahuscd when he louiid thai old hoots
were heiii:^- IVaiiked throiiuii tii' Post Olliec as
li'it -i'^ , 1)111 tile Ijill met Willi so miiili oi)position
li'iaii -enliiiiien who desired their din v linen
and oihe- trilles. transported at ihe public
expense, ihai ii was not passed. Aiaoiiust lli-
iini'iiilaiil Hills i);i,sse,l was thai I'or the taking
"I ilie census ol' the lloiniiiioii in 1^71. The
All inmided that iln' census >li(nil(l In; taken
not lal.'r than Ihe iirst of May, aiul should show
:ill llh' statisiical in roriiial ion which could cou-
^•'iiieiiily 1,,. ohiained louchinu- the population
I "1 till' lour rruviiiceN, their eleitoral districts ami

stih-divjsions, mid the (dassilicalinn thcreor. as
rcii'ards aec, si'x. so.'ial coinlilion, religion,
education, raic, occupation, ami otherwise.—
the houses and other huihlinus therein, and
their classilj. iiion as dwellings inhahiied. uiiin-
hahiteil, luitler construction, and otherwise. —
the occupied laud therein, and the coinlilion
tliereoj', as low n. village, country, < uliualed,
uncultivated, ui.| otherwise, — the a L;e' reflate,
valuation oi' property, real and personal therein,
— the produce, stale and resources ol' ihe auri-
I iiliural. lishing. lumhcrinii'. miiiinu', mci haiiii al.
manufiict i.iiiie', tradiiin', and oiher iinlustries
thcreor. llic municipal, educational, chariiahle,
and other institution.^ Ihcieol'.- -and whatever
oilier matters may he specilied in the forms and
inslriu lions to l)c issued

li'i. — The Supply Mill and Siipidemciitary esti-
mates granted >il,!M).'),Tii'' for the linaiicial year
eiidini-- isil'.t.-O, and #i:?.-2J:i,li:. ||„.s,„,.v iiiii

lor isTii-Ti. Included in these j^!;:;;;;'''r;.',:',','',j,T',',';

auKninls was ^jil.diio.OiHl for Ihe '-^"■»'"i" '""

Intercolonial Kailway, sl.4(!i),tlOO for oiieiiing
up the Xoith-West ; >;:;ir),<iOO for \o\ a Scotia
railw ays ; s;S!i,.')iin for \ew I'riinswick railw ays ;
>^7-">."i)0 for se(M'cl s('r\ice : s.")7.T"S i'or protec-
tion of lisherie^ to pnu ide for six steamers to
' he chartered for one vcar or more, to uuard liio
gulf lisheries from ihe cncroachmeiits of Amo-
ricaii lisheniieii, who were no lonijer to he
licensed; !5i;{:2,'^,S.">(l for canal iiupro\ emeiil ; *
.•57 12,1 II Ml |',)i- ].uhli. works, \ and the ordinary
l)ei>artmeiit allowances, which were, however,
somewhat hiuher than the previous year.
.Xnioiigst the other acts [lassed was one for the
supevann nation of memhcrs of ihe Civil Ser\ ice.
when tlic\ shall have hoi ome uniitled for duty
. aee or inlirniMy. It makes su,! aiiniialioii
conipul iry. iiraduates a scale of remuneration

* 'rill' iiiiiiiiihl r»ir t'aiiiil iiM|ii<'\riiU'iiI> Ha> ;i|>|M>rtii<iit'<l ii> IhIImhs; —
l'''ir fin- .-iM'l'l.v "1 x^'i'ir- a I hi'ii'l <it" I.iii'liiiii' I'.in.il. .^:a.'NHi : t'lT a «'iil\t'i-| at
ihr Kivi'i- SI. I'ii'iri', l.ai'hiiii' C.iiial- slii.ium : llir ilii>|.i'iiim( W.'llaini
Canal. .tImi.iiih, ; tor wa>ti' water wrir al tltiiiiiv ilU', riiJT.ii-"! : I'ni- iiu'ti-.iMMl

Hairr Mi|'itl> I'lir Uiili'aii Canal, fl-.iiin : I'or i ^Iriniiun --I' Carilliai uiul

ilrcnville Canal, ifJi.iKMi.

t In lln'ain.iiini- Inr I'liMi. \V..rk- Hi'ii' iii> lii.li'.l -'•;. lor I'.irliaini'iit

Iniil. lint's al iillawa : .*l|.."'«i li.r I'.irliainitiiir.v '..ilirar.i ; .-.im.iiiiii lor a
Cii«lc.ni llonsi' .11 .M.inlrral : jr..i«Hi i..rCn-l..iMs' IIi.iim'iiI Si. .lulin, .N.ll. ;

$-J.'i,(liiii lorCii.-i s llciii-i'iit Lonilnii ; .*lii,ili«i fur Kxaiiiinin • W ari'lnni.-i'

111 Tornnlii ; $lil,iiiiii |i,r Kinit-ralinn Slii'il.- al Tniiinl" : .f;|.V,.ii(iil |nr I'lwl-
iillW'fs tit Tiirniito, i^iiL'lti'c iiiul l«itntliiii, ami .'til.'i.iNKi lur i^liilcs ami limaii!*.

M^l

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

aim 12.5

50 "^ i^

US
Ui

2.0

U ill 1.6

'-^

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

■

' i

' ■ ; '
{ j

iti Jll

•r

ir.n

TT'TTF.KS HISTORY OF TIIH DO.MIXION OP f'AXADA.

ill I'oiilonuit V witli Iciiiilli ol' scrvico. iiiul iiiillio

ii/(>s a <l(>(lur1iim ol' lour

'!■ rent, per iiimuiii

IVoiii iill siilarics ol' jjiKIO or ovor, luul 2A IVoin
others duriiiii' tliirly-livc years ol' service, to
rreah^ a I'iiikI I'or ])ayiiieiil dl' llie allowances
provided hy ilie Ael. Acts relatiiiu' to discipline
on Canadian xcsscls ; to ceriilicales ol'inastiM's
and mates ol' ships ; to dues for sick and disabled
seamen; to dues for hail)()r improveni(>nts; lo
Oliicial \il)itrators : to

criii

Itv to ani

ma Is

(hriimiiiu hull, hear, or haduer haitiiii;, and dog,
iind cock iiiihtiiiii' within the jn-ovisions of

le previous

A.'t)

to markinj;

timb

Insp(>ctors of le,ithi>r, (Sec. were also jnissed.
Anion<i-st the most important Private and Local
Acl.s was one incorporating the lion. John
Young, lion. .lames Skead, Hon. Frank Smith
and others to huildthe Cauii'hnawauii 8iiip Canal
from Lake St. Louis in the St. Ijawrence tol^ake
Cliamplain. or the l{icholieu. Capital stock to
he $•"!, 00(1, 000 with power to increase to
!iii4.(l00,O0O. Canal to lie com])leted in live years

or <

barter forfeited. An Act was also passed

in-

corporating the Ontario and ICrie Ship Canal
Company, to Ijuild a canal from the waters of

iaiiara liivev

it 01'

near Fort Creorge, to

Tborold, and thence to the waters of Lake ICrie
at or ne:ir Port Col home, or tl'e Niauara, at or
near Chippewa, Capital !»iS.0O(l,O0O. Work to he
comiiieuced within two years and finished in
live. These two charters have never been made
any use of. An Act was also passed incorporat-
ing the Detroit River Navigation Company, fen-
the purpose of tunnelling the Detroit River for

Kailway purpose.-

from Windsor to Detroit.

Capital $:!.000,00i). Work to be commenced in
two years and tunnel comi)leted in six years.
Acts were also passed incorporatina' the St.
Francis and Meuantic K'aihvay ('(nnpany, with
iJLtMlO.dOd Capital ; The Montreal and Cham-
plain .lunction Iiailway Company, with $2.10,000
Capital, and the (Jiiehec and New Brunswick
Railway Company, with ¥1,-00,000 Capital.
Altoii'cther thirty-nine Public and twiMity
Private and Local Ads were passed. The most

imixirtant work ol

e session was the pa.ssin

if the ]\lanitoba Act, which we will deal with

in another chaptiM'. The House was prorogued
on the twelfth of May with the usual formalities,
and the usual comi)limentary speech from the
Throne was made. The .session of 1870 was an
imi)ortant one. in some respects, but it was noi
a sui'cessful one I'or the ministry. It was im-
portant as far as the pa.ssing of the ManitoliM,
Baiikini>- and Tarilf Acts were concerned ; and
the lii'st two were generally well received hv
the public: liut the Tarilf Act was an unfor-
tunate one I'or the Ministers, for it could hardly
be said to please anybody, and the extraordinary
exhibition given on the twenty-sixth of April,
of a Ministry entirely changinu' its imlicy twirc
in less than three hours on so important a suli-
ject as the Tariff, did iu)t tend to strenuthen
public opinion as to the merits of a question on
which the Government seemed to have so much
trouble to inaki> up its own mind. Aijiiin,
the failure to prepar" either an election law,
or a Supreme Court Act, in which the
Government felt siilhcient conlideiice te
carry them through, was rather disappointiiiii',
and led to one or two conclusions — either
that the Government could not frame lheM>
Acts in a manner aggreeable to all its members,
or that they did not want to. Both these Act.s
were provided for in the Confederation ; both
Acts were promised in the lirst speech from thi'
Throne, and in each sxu'cessive speech ; the
necessity lor both Acts was lelt, and the Gov-
ernment certainly lost prestiue in not pushing'
them through. On the other hand, the Bankiiiii
Act, the settlement of the silver question ami
the vigorous policy i)romised with regard to the
lisheries were very acceptable to the majority ol
the i)eople and strengthened the Government;
but, on the whole, we are rather disposed to the
opinion that tht> Ministry was weaker at th'
close of the session of 1S70 than at the begin iiiuu'.
It had shown signs of unmistakabh' weakness
and want of harmonious unity, and, althoiiuh it
could still c(nnmand a majority of from thiriy to
forty on anything approaching a vote ol want
of confidence, still it had visibly lost strength,
and could not meet the House with (|uite as
much t'onlidence as during the two previous

(lOVKHNMIONT Ol'" SIR JOIIX YOTNC— I'ASSACK ()!•' Till'. MANlToUA ACT.

1.".7

s(S>i()iis. This can be partly accounti'd lor by
(lilli'iviiros of opinion whirh wero known to
I'xist nnioim'st its aillifrcnts, both in tho("al)inet
iuiil in iho House, on the Novth-"\Vfst (juostion.
and on a policy of adopting a protective or a
iVce-trade tarifi', and i)arlly by the failing health
of tlio I'remior — whose strength utt(>rly l)roke
(l(]\vii nt last, and he was unable to appear in
the House during the last week of the session —
whirh deprived the (iovernment, to a certain
extent, of the great power of his pers(nial
iiilhieiue and parliam(>ntary tact in debate. The
Opposition, on the other haiul, showed to better
itilvnntau'e than it had previously done, and
rett i\ ed material help from now recruits in the
persons of Sir A. T. tialt, Hon. W. Maedonald,
Mr. Cartwright ar.d others, who, while acting
iis •■ Independent" members, geiu'rally voted
;iL;ainst the CrovornnuMit. The universal loss
was not groat, but the moral loss was more eou-
siderahle, and the Ministry altogether had not
mill h to rongratulate itself on at the close of the
session of 1870.

Tiiiir.lir \v;is
rcrfi\cil. Iinli^'ria-

I ii'li lilcl'till^'<

ciiArTKi; XV.

(;tj\ i:i;.\.Mi:xT <»k .sii; .iohn vorxc-

SMW-] OF TIIK .MAXITOHA .\("T.

-l'.\S-

1. How Till': NHWS OF tSl'DTT's .MURDEl! \V.\S
KKCKIVKIX l\Dl(tN.\TI()N .MKKTlNdS. — 2. AR-
KIV.VL OK L)F.LK0.\TKS IN OtT.VW.V. AkK1>T
OF IvK'UOT .ViNl) »Sl'(rn'. TllKIl! DISCU.VKCK. —
•!. Till-; J)i;LK(iATES XUXIS .VliUKSTKl). TKIKI)
.\M) DI.SCll \1!(}EI).— 4. InTRUDUCTION OK THE

M\,MTi»i!A Act. — 5. ('ii.\,n(ik, in the ihiund-

.\l!li;s (IF THE I'UDVINCE .V.s AT FUfST I'Ko-

I'osKi).— (1. Mu. Mackenzies review of the

POLICY (IK THE (JoVEK.NAlENT, AM) THE MaNI-

mii.v Act. — T. Demate ox the i-.\ni) ueseuve

KOI! II.M.F-HUEEDS. — 8. lInN. Mli. Mai'DOU-
CAI.r, I'K(U'()SES A NEW BlIiE, WHICH IS RE-
■IKiTEU, — 9. A DO/.EN AMENDME.vrs UE.IKCTED,

•VXD THE BiM, finaeey adopted.

1.— \Vi' have already referred to the anxiety

which was ielt Ihrouuhout the Dominion, and
esix'ciallv in Ontario and <)uel)t>c ,, .,
at the threat eniiui' aspert of
alFairs in the Norlh-\Ve.st at the
beginning of the year, and of the feeling of
relief which was experieuci'd when il began to
be ai)pareut that a peaceful solution might be
reached, and bloodshed avoided ; of course, there
was much indignation at the summary arrest
and imprisonment of IJritisii subjetts by Kiel,
and his high-handed disi'ogard (jf liritish au-
thority ; but as long as he committed no greater
atrocities than he had already perpetrated, it
was felt that the Commissioners who had l)een
sent ui) might be able to restore order, or, failing
that, a military expedition in the sprinii' would
.soon remove all cause of uneasiness. This feel-
ing continued to grow stroimer until the end of
^larch, when, on the twenty-sixth, a telegram |
from St. Paul annnounced that the news of the
murder of Scott had been reeeivi'd there. The
rumor was. at iirst, pretty licnerally discredited.
and when, on the fourlli of April, Mr. Mac-
kenzie asked in the Hcmse if the Grovernment
had rei eived any information of the murder.
Dr. Tupi»er said that his son-in-law. Captain
Cameron, had received a letter fnun Mr. Pro-
vencher, at Pembina, which did not conHrm the
report aiul he doubted its correctness, l)ecause
liiel had once before hidden a prisoner and
reported that he was dead, for the purpose of
frightoniim- the other prisoners and the loyal
portion ol the people. Tiie truth of the report
was, however, soon proved, and the arri\ al of
Dr. Schultz, Dr. Lynch, Mr. Monknian and
other refugees from Jled River soon put an end
to any doubt on the subject, and then a fooling
of deep indignation and horror ([uickly spread
throughout the community. An indignation
meeting was held at Toronto on the sixth of
April, at which Dr. Schultz. Dr. Lynch, and
Messrs. J. J. Setter and Chirles Mair, all late
arrivals from lied Wiver, were present, and
delivered addresses, uivinii some account of the
coiulition of the country. Kesohuions were
passed expressive of indignation at tlie murder |
of Scott, and calling on the (jroverumeiH to take i

Mi/' :i

,:J

,'P^

■1 jiii.

u u

]:)S

TFTTLKS IllS'iORV OF THE DOMINION Ol" CANADA.

proiiipt lUfaMU'cs Id rc^tin'e law and order. A
ri'.^oliilioii wa.s also pas.scd coiuloiniiiiig the j.
l)(>licv of rcioiviiin' any dflouatcs Iroin Uiol. A i
similar ini'i'tiiiii' wa.'^ hold in Monln'ai. and very .
sodii '■ iiiiliiiiiatinii in('clini''.s " bccanu' thi' ordfV
ol' the day. and were lirld all over Ontario ; ])iit,
nniorlnnat.'ly, Ihoy mostly I'dl into thi' hand.**
orpoliiical wirc-inilK'r.'^, and wrro u.^cd more as
a moans (.1 pa.ssinn' rt'solnlions condemnatory

I ol' the Go\t'rnnien1 than I'or the purpose of
expressinQ' populnr i'eelini:- with resiiird to the
lawless doinj^s in the NOrili-West. Popular
i'eolinii' now ran very hiiih, and the utmost

I anxiety was lell as to the jiroliable fate of the
other prisoners n'mainini!- in Kiel's hands,
which »\ as not allayed until it was known
thiit thi>y had all been released, and that the
deleiiales appointed l)y the Convention at '
I'ort (iarry had started on their way to
Ottawa.

'2. — Much ill I'eelimi' aii'ainst the deleu-ates
was nmnifesled. in advance of their arrival, '

AiTivui,.!- ii,.i,...i,.- '*>' " P«>i'<i'>» ol' 111'' press, which '|
i',';;.;,',',,';;;;,i.^-,\',;;;''''' .■nd.'avouretl In lash the Gov- '
'''''""■''''•■■''■■"■'■"•• ernment over the backs of the
delen-aii's. and a <ireat deal was written, and
spoken at indiu'iiation meetings, against ■• troat-
iii'j' with reliels," " receiving delegates from the
murderer Kiel." and so fortJi. News of the
feelinu' raised iu Canada })y the intelligence of
Seoii's murder reai lied the delegates while they
wer<' still in the States, and ]\Iessrs. 8cott and
liichi:t. who were travelling touether with
Colonel de Salaberry. determined not to venture ,
to pass thnmgh Ontario, but proceeded to Og-
deiisburu'. where they <rossed to I'rescott. and
arrived in Ottawa on the eleventh of April.
.Indite lihuk, the third delegate, travelled alone
and arrived a few days later. For some days
before the arrival of Scott and Kichot it had
been rumor>'d that they wonld bi- arrested at
the instance of a brother of Thonuis Scott, who
resided in Toronto ; and. on the twelfth of.\pril
an allidnxit was made l)y Hugh Scott. l)efore
I Toliee Magistrate McNabl), at Toronto, chargim:'
Kii hot ami Scott with l)eing acces.sories to the
murder ol' Thorns Scott, and a warrant issued

for their arrest. "^ 'i'his warrant was ibrwaided
to Detective O'Neill, Ottawa, and abt)Ut midniulii
on the thirteenth he arrested Alfred 11. Srott,
at the Albion llotid, where he was stayiiej'.
Application was made at the Bishop's I'ahn .•.
where I'ather Kichot was residinii'. but liec,,ulil
not be found, ami was not arresti'd. .\t le
o'clock on the ftdlowing morning, the Inur-
teenth, Scott was taken before His Honor .liul;.
(Jalt. in Chambers, on a writ ol' lia/jt'tis iv;/iiis.
and at the same time Father Kichot entered the
Court and uave himself up. The Hon. .Intm
Hillyard Can>eron, (I C, appeared for thr pri-
.soners, and Mr. Lees, County ^Utorney, for ili"
Crown. Counsel for the prisoners argued lh;ii
the warrant was wholly irregular, that ilc
Police Magistrate had no jurisdiction whati\ rv
as the alleged crinu' was not committed williiu
his jurisdi(.'tion. and that on tin lace of ihe
warrant itself it showed that they were ihcii

* 'I'lie tnllnwin;-' ari' cui.'u^- td' llic \v.n"i'iint anil inl'"nn.iti"ii :—
Crrv 111' TniinNKi. ii> wit :—
Tu (lie Chii-r C'uii-tiiblf. miiiI all ..ihiT Cimi^ImIiIcj nl'tlii' Ciiy i.rT.ip. ),;•■.
iiiiil t(i mII in- .-inyil' <hr Ci.ii-liil>li.s or Pcac-f iMrn'cr- will, in ilir
Ciiiinl.viirilu'Cily.ifTcin.ntu:—

l''"rM.- i-li ii.-^ IvillicT Hicli"! ami .MIVcl II. Si". It. ill jin'.-cMil ii-i.linL in

(illiiw.i. ill 111!' C ly nl'C.irli'lciM, li.ivu this iliy lii'cii i-li.iriic.l lirl.iiv nii'.

.\le.\iiiiil.r .M.Niilili. l',,li,H. Jlani>lniU'. iif siii.l city, i.n naih nf lla^li
S<iill, liir Unit tlioy the Miiil Falher Itifliiit ami .VllVoil II. ,SniU. I„■ill^'
l'.rili>li siilijci'!-;, (in the tiiiii-th il.-iy of .Miirch. in tin' year i if Our li'irij. ..he
tliiiusanil eii:ht hiiinlreil iiiul seveiUy. at Keil Uiver. in that pari mI' lln-
Maje.ii.\'s liritish .Vnieriean i»i..*sessiiins, kiinwii as the XnrlhWi'-I
Terriliiiy.ai'Hially aideil aihl alielteil in the iniinler of 'rimnias Simii. a
liritish siihiei-l, nr were aeees.snries tlieretn. TIn'sc ari'. Ihuretnre. tn
e'liiiinaiiil ymi in Her .M.iiesty's name, furtliwilh. to apiireheitil aiii! la'iit;.'

Iiefi.re me, ur I he sillilii.' Aliler ii .it llie Cil.\ I'niii-e OHiee, the li,i.|ii-i,l

llie saiil I'allier Uirlnit ami .\llVe,| II. Si-iilt, I, swer the sai,l ,li^ir:je-

anil III he ileall will i',>r,|im: In law. Herein fiiliint.

iSiKiieil) .\l.E\. .M..\.\lll;.

Canada, rrnvinee ef Ontari", City nf Tmiinlii, In wit :•-

The infiiriiiiitiiMi nf lliii-'h Seoll, nf the City nf Tnrnnli,. ace,, iiiiiiiiil,
taken nil iiatli lietnre ine, .Mexamler .MeNiihli, I'lsii., I'niiee .Mauislnle, "I
the saiil eily, the twelflh day nf .\|iril. in the .veiir nf Our l.iir<l. mu'
IliniisamI eiKlit hnmlt'eil ami .,'e\'enly. The sitid infnrinaiit iijinii niilli
siiith ;— First ; Thai mi nr alimil the fmirtli ihiy nf Mnrch, in the year "I
Oiir I.iinl. "lie thiiiisaml ei;;ht ' amire.l ami seveiily. it a plaee eniiiiii 'ii.y
ealleil Heil lii\ ir, ill llial jiarl "f Her .Ma.lesly'..< jiiis.-essinns, kll iWll a- lie'
Nmih-Wesi Territiiry. mie Tlnunav Sei.a, a Iliitisii siiUieei. fi.nm il> '<
re-^iileiit nf till' Oily ^.f Tiirniitn, Was feliiiiiniisly killeil ami iiiiir li'!'''l.
Seeiiml :— That lie has reasnn In helieve thai mie Uiehnt. eiiiiiiiiniil.' i-allnl
father Itielml.anil mie Alfreil II Senll, a.'inally iihli'il ami iilielie.l in
sneh iiinnler, nr were aeeessnries ihereln. Tliinl :— That he is inhaiiiel
and iielieves that the iiersmis iiaineil in the last iiaraitriiiih are IhilLsli
sniijeel-. l''iiiirlli :— 'riial lie lm.s reasmi tn helieve. ami ilnes helieve, ileit
the said persmis lastly referred In are imw h, , ipnrar'ly roidiiiu al the
City nf iitiawa, ill tin I'ne iiiee nf Onlarin.

Swiirii liefnre me, ill the City nf Tiiruiitn. this twelflh day i.f Ai'iif in
1 1 •■ year nf Ihir l,ord,mie Ihniisiuid eiulil hum I red and -evenly.
(SiKiied) .\LK.\. .Mr.NAMIl,

I'niiee .Mairislriile.
Ill (111 SCOTT.

ri'siiliiiu' II

.Ml-. I.ees .-
1"\\ iiiimii
iUiJUe ii ih
tllr Hi'Xl (
liUl Hot col

to ;j-.i in ch
till'} were
ili- liai'Li'i'd
.Magistral e
s;ii(I : '• In
(lisrhai'ij'i'd,
liaviiiL:' 110
is.siii' a war
iiiitlc'd li!'\-i
Till' wiirran
wiiliin who:
rrsiiliiiu'. O
tliai ilir a.'
Ottaw.i, con
the Ciiy ol
i."<sui' this w
1 htiiiivil,"

;;.--li heil

(lecisjiin wa

I lhe.|,.i,.iratosas.'ain

•im-lil, triuil and
I d S'liai'«'i|.

who liiid coi
made aiiothei
tfate O'dara,
warrant, on
n'-arre.sted a;
t''entli anotlu
rorjiii^ was n
iiiiirieeuth ih
pri.-oiiers bei

•Tli.'riilli.Hiinris

IIV,.,.,...-Inlm'iii;,

"lieiif ller.M.i.ie-ly',

ill llie CiMiiy „|'C^ir

"1" I'fi' -, III iiihiri

lini.l.iiii .,. Caiiadu, I
^lileiii'.i, iiianvii „f
feliiliiiiiHlv, williilly.

''' 'i-s I : ,111,1 I

H"'*e,.tl, hiilliiil |.'„r
"lliiwa, ill ihe Cum
■"lwi-.,hi|advi.,.a
■•nd linii'diralnl feln
H"^id.'d,iip.,M|he..,'

(iUVKFtNMH.NT OK 811! .lollN VorXC — rASSA<il'; <»r TllK MAMTol'.A AC'I'.

ir.'.t

I'Wavdfd
iiittiiiu'ut ,
11. S.ott, :
stuyiiiu'.

< rala.,v ,

lir ci.uld ;
At 1.M '
[\\r luUl-

lor .Iml'^v

(IS I'O.'jIIIS.

.tcrcil ihi'
(111. .I'lliii
r Ihr i>ri-
\\ lor ill" 1
ii-ui'd that i
that thi' \
whati'M'V i
i'd within I
,(■(' ol' ihi' ,
,ven' tlh'ii

Cily .ilTiirnlilci,
•(Mr williill llll'

.-I'lit if-iiliii'- iu
r^i.il Li'luicim'.

HMlll nf llUi-'ll I

II. Si'utt.lh-ini-'

flllir l,.ilil..'lir

lilt iKirt "I' 111 I-
lu- Nui-lji Wi-I

llnlllil- S.'i.ll, 11

, iluTi'lmv. 1"
li..|i.liiii<'. Iii'iiii.-
ili..|..i.lii-i>t

r -.li.l.'hiiUL- i

.MiNAia;. :

li.. in'ouuiitnlil.

.\liini.i|lMli',"l j
liliu- l.iinl. "Ill' 1
.ml mi'Mi "iilli !
ill (||,. yiMi' "I j
I;,,... I'lMiiMi.n.y I
, kii nvii .1- ilii'
L-i. liiniiiil.i '■'
liuil niurli'Vi'il.'
InniniMil;. .•.illo.l
iii.l iiliiMli'4 ill

I lie is illliiUlli"!

^I,|i HIT llriiisli

: lu.lii'V.tliat

[■,.,i,liiis 111 till'

.,y ,,l \|.ril. ill
iity.
lAlil'.,
Tl.ii-'iMriit.'.

If.

ri--idiiiu' ill nitawa, wIkm-o he had no authority.
Ml', i.ic.-; .-aid he had only ivi'eivod thf ea.sc a
l'.\\ iiiimit.'s holoiv. and was not pn'parcd to
aiLjiii' it then : it was, thorolbro, postpoiu'd until
tlir iii'xt day, the prisoners hoiny rcmandt'd.
1(111 iiiit cDinniittcd to <,mo1, they being allowed
to u'l) ill eliarge of a detective. On the lil'teenth
tlii\ were again hrouuht bel'ore Judge Gait and
(li- haiii'ed, His Honnr holding that the Police
MaLii-trali' of Toronto had no jurisdiction. He
said: "In this case I order tlie prisoners to he
(li>. h.ir^vd, the Police Magistrate ol" Toronto
haviiii:' no jurisdiction in cases of this kind to
ivsui' a warrant where an olFense has been coiu-
iiiitii'il lii'yond the jurisdiction ol' our Courts.
The warrant oiiglit to be issued by a magistrate
williill whose jurisdiction the accused are now
vr.>idiiiu'. On the lace ol" this warrant it api>ears
that the accused are residiim' in the City of
Otiaw.i, consecpiently the Police Magistrate of
the Cily of Toronto had no jurisdiction to
issue this warrant, and, therefore, they are dis-
iharu-ed."

, :>. — It lieing very evident before the formal
clecisimi was given, that the Toronto Police

i Mau'istrate had no jurisdiction,

iiii(-t( i.iiio.i.iiiii ami tiiat the prisoners wcnild be

il.Si'lllllVf'l. 1 . , 1 .r TT 1

! disi liarged, Mr. Hugh iScott,

wile had come to Ottawa from Toronto, had
iiuide another aflidavit before Mr. Police Mayis-
tiate O'Ciara, of Ottawa, who had. issued a
warrant, on which Richot and Scott were

' if-airested as soon as released.* On the six-
teenth another application for a writ of hdheiis
rorjiit:< was made before Judge Gait, and the
niiiiieiMith lixed for hearing the argument, the
prixiiiers lieing allowed to go under police

■ Till lM|l,,«iiiL' in a i'n|i'- 111' 1 1,1' wan-iint. ninitliiii.' Inrni.i lilies ;—
ll'/i.i'Mf».— riil'onii.'itinii hill' this liny hveu hiiil Ijclori' Ihc iinilorsiu' inl,
oiKM.r lli'r . Mn.il'. ly's .liistiri's nf (lie I'oiicc, in iiml fur llie City oldlla.'ii, 1
ill llu'i'.iiiily 111' Ciii-k'tiiii. r.ir Ihiit lliorc is ri'ii-m lo siisiici't miiih' iifrsim i

"I' I'ci' -. I" iiil'iiniMTit iiiiknnwii, on the I'liiirlh "f .Miii'fh Inst piisl, in

liiii'l"iii ■■' I'niiMilii. til wil., Ill Korl (iiin-y, in Hint inirl ol' lirilish Nni'lli
\ini'n,-.i, kii.ivMi ns tin' Xnitli-Wcst, nr Hi'.l ItiviT 'IVrnliiry, iliil '
li'liiiii..ii.|>,Hi|lii||y, mill with ninlii'i' iif.iri'ihuiit'lit. kill iimiI inuniiT mii'

Tlmmn- ,-,'iii ; .111,1 III ,. |!i,.|,„i, luiiiwii ,is I'ltlici- Hii'li„i, hm.I .VMVi'il

H.'^^eiiti, l.iiili „| K,.,-! (I.ii-ry, nlni'i'Miiil, Inil iinlli lii'iim nnw in lli(^ Cily n|'
"IliiWii, III ihc Ciiunly i.l' Ciirk'tnn, iirnrosniil. anil Imth hcinu lliili-h

'iili.ii'i'i>,i|ii| nilvisi I nlii'l Ihc said pi'i'siin nr iiccsiins iihkinnvn, in Ihii

■111'! laiiiili'iniiil li'liiny, cnnlriiiy In Ihc "laliitcs in sin-h case niinlc anil
l'riiui|i'i|,ii|,Mii ilii.sc Is this iieiici-al warrant issui'il Inr ihcir arrest."

surveillance as before. On th.it day the iron.
John Hillyard Ctiinenm. (^.C, couiisi'l for the
prisoners, appeared in Cliambcrs beli>r(> Judi;('
Galtr,vaiid said that he had no iir(>niids on which
to ask for the discharu'e of the prisoners, as it
was clear that tliey could lie indicted, and that
the Police Mii'aistrate had the rii-'ht to is.> ne a
warrtint and hold an examination. The wiit
was therefore dischareed, and the prisoners
re-committed for trial. The preliminary exami-
nation was commenced before Police Mayislrati^
O'Gara on the 2bs|..and atlracted a u'l'eat deal of
attention, the court room Iteine- crowded to
excess with members of Parliament, and everv-
body else \\li(M'()ulds(pi"e/e ill, and a l.irue cidwd
assembliiui' outside. Tile uimosi order, however,
prevailed. The lion. John Ilillvard ('ann'ion
ajipeared for the prisoners, Mr. Leo. Cniiiily
Attorney. lor the Crown, and Mr. Boiiltoii Inr
the privtite prosecution. Judge lUack was ihe
lirst witness examined, and testilied to havimg
known the prisoners in Port Garry, and also
being act^iiainted with the deceased (Thomas
Scott); but he wtis not in Fort Garry on the day
of the murder, and knew notiiinu' at all about it
except from hearsay. William Diccxcr (le[poscil
that he was one of the pris(ni(".s taken on the
seventh of December, 18tl'.i, l)iit he was relea'-ed.
and left the Territory on the twenty-second ol'
February, 1870, a week before the shooting took
place; had met Alfred Scott in ()ttawa, and
been told by him that he (Scolt) was present at
the shootinu' of 'J'homas Scott, but he did iioi say
anything more; witm^ss had seen Alfred Scott
in h'ort Garry, ])Ut did not remember e\cr
having seim him in arms, nor did he know
whether he had taken an a( tive |>art w itli those
Avho had risen au'ainst the Crown; knew Father
Richot, but could not say, from his own
knowledii'e, that he had taken any active part
in the rebellion. I'rederick Davis, detective
ofTicer, Ottawa ; Hatl heard Alfred II. Scott tdl
the Mayor and others iu the .\lliion llotid,
Ottawa, bid'ore his arrest, that he (Sioii) Inel
seen Thomas Scott taken out and shot ; he had
seen Scott put in his coirin, but not afterwards.
and did not bidieve the story about his being

.■IIP",

1110

TITTLKS IIISToltV oFTIIK l»().MI.\l( »\ t >F ('ANA l>.\.

iilivc in the colliii : \v;is iiul oiio ol tlic crowd
who ;illcii<lf(l llic sliooliim-. Imt (ould not, resist,
the tciiiptiitioii lo iollow iiiid SIM' it. Chiirlcs
(liirrt'l.oiic oi'ihc |)risoiicrs I a ken at Dr. Sc I luit/.'s
di'poscd, that. Ill' .saw tin- sliootint;' I'roiii I lie
window oi'his Iioum', wliii'li was ahout oii^lit or
nini' liundrt'd vards oli'; did not sre citln'r ol'
llir jirisoiicrs al tin- sliootini^- : saw AllVcd Scott
scvi-ral linifs with iiii'l, but ni'\i'r saw him
tako any part with thr insurt^i-nls ; saw Kathi'r
h'irhoi appan-ntly takini^- an aitive part in din-ct-
in^' the iiisurumls around Dr. Srhultz's house :
but ronid not say wlii'lher he was urLiini:' them
or not, or ad\ isini;- them to i^o away. Aiehihald
Hamilton, who ' ;d also been a prisoner,
had not seen lit .oliuii, and had nnvev seen

eiilier oi' the prisonei's e.xereisinii' any antiiorily
anioniisl Ihe insuiiii^nts. Major IJoulton deposed
that he was in prison at the lime of the shoot inf>',
and did not see it ; saw .Alfred Seott while in
l)ris()u, but never knew him exenise any autho-
rily : ne\er saw l'"atlier Kirho' until ai'ler his
release i'rom pi'ison. Al this point Mr. Koultoii,
counsel lor the private, pro.secufion, moved lor
a demand that he may lia\t time to secure the
atlendanceol' Dr. Sdiullz, Mr. Mair, Mr. Youn"--
(a son oT Rev. (Jeor^e Younu), and other wit-
nesses who had lived in IIk; Settlement, and
could prove that the prisoners had taken an
acli\e part in the insurrection. The J'olice
Maiiistrale .said they were not tryinjj;- the pris-
oners on a I'harue ol' rebellion, but on a char<^e
ol' complicity in a murder, and unless ■ouiisei
could .say that these witnes.sl^s could f;ive any
evideiK'e on that |)oint, he could not n'rant any
delay. Alter a litth^ le<>al spaninti' between
counsel, Mr. Huiih Seott, brother ol' Ihe
deceased, was sworn, and deposed that a sou ol'
the Ivi'v. (Jeor^e Youiui'. who was then in
Toronto, had told him that he was present at
the shoot inii" ol' Thomas Scott, and that both the
prisoners took an active part aidiui^ ami abetting
in that muider. ()pposi(ion toa delay was then
withdrawn, and the case postponed until the
t wenty-liiird, the prisoners bein;^' admitted to
bail in $'J,iMI() each and two sureties ol' $1,00(1
each. ( »u the case bein^' called, on the twiuily-

third, Mr. Lees, County /Vltcney, said ilmi,
al'ter consultation with the counsel I'lu- ih,.
private prosecution, they had delermiMcd i,,
withdraw the charge. Jlon. Mr. Cameron v.uil
he had no objection to tie' case bi-iiei- wi'h-
drawn ; but a charij,'e hail been made aii.iiiisl
his clients oi' complicity in a murder, rnun :il|
they had hcaid a murder of a \ ery barbai'Uis
character - and they must be unconditioiiajly
di.seharii,ed, because there was no ii-roiind on
which to proceed auainst them. What ii,'
would like to have underslood was tiiat liny
were diseha'.Lted because there was no rurilur
e\ ideiice to be called. Mr. jjces said lie h:iil
l>een inl'ormed by the counsel for the pri\ali'
prosecution that he did not wish to call any
more witnesses, and the Crown had no nmiv
to call. The ma'aistrale then ordered iln^
prisoners dischariied, as there was no r.isc
against them.

4.— As soon as the delegates had been dis-
cha.ri;ed by the I'olice Magistrate, they wen'
lormally rectognised by the Secre- ,„|,.,„i,„.|i„„ „, ,|„.

lary ol' Stale for the Provinces, ^^ '" ^'"

lion. .Iose[)h Howe, who received and |.ul
them in ollicial communication with Sir .lnlm
A. Macdonald and Sir (ieorge E. Cartier, uilli
whom they had already had inl'ormal interv ie\v>-.
The <lemands ol' Ihi' insurgents were explaiin'd
and an understanding arrived at which was
miitually satisl'aclory at tlie time, but wliiiili
gave rise to much (|uestion al'terwarils, lor
at least one ol' the delegates, l'"ather h'i' Imt,
sr.outly maintained that a general aminsiy
was i)romised, whih; Ihe Ministers as liinily
deidared that, although the sidiject \v;i-
rre{|uently nic'iitioiu'd, iheir invariable an-wir
was that the powei' to grant an amnesty lesleil
entirely with the Imperial {iovernmenl. ami
that the Canadian Oovernnu-nt had nothiii'^ tn
do with il. We shall, however, deal willi ilii^
question more I'ully lurthe • on. Meaiiwliil''
. Parliament had beiian to get impatient al ili''
I delay ol' the (iovernmeiit in bringing lor\v;iril
any uuMsure with regard to the North Wesi.
ami at its reticence with regard to tiie niilii.ny
preparations known to be in progress, ami

;:ii(l lh;it,
1 lor llh'

lllilllMl In

irron s.iiil
iiiH' wi'li-
,(' iiii'.iiiist

IVdlii ;ill
l);il'l(;UiiU.s
ilili(ill;illy
fro\lllil nil
Wlial Ih'
tli;il liny
no I'unlirv
id III' liiiii
lie p|-i\:lli'
() cull ;inv

1 111) lllllll'

lliTCil lih'
i 111) cnsi'

lll'l'll ilJN-

Uicy wi'i''

Mllh'lin.l ..I III''

I I A.',.

iuid I'lii
h Sir .Inlin
rtiiT. Willi
|i'rvir\v>.
■xphiiiii'il
licll \v:is
ll wllirh

iii-iIn, U>r

!■ K'i.'liDl,

iinnii'siy

IIS liniily

jcrt, \V:i-^

1' iiii>\vi'r

siv rr>li'il

(>iii. ami
luiliiirj III
willi ilii-
Mi'iUiwliil''
(Mil Ml ilii'
IT Imwaiil
irlli \Vi'>i.
If iiiiliiMiy

n-i'i's.-, ami

■^#

I -Mli

I'l iIn

i ' : C

t-t

, 1 1 ^111 III

■M'

\r,i

'I'l'ri'LKS IIIS'I'OK'V OF 'I'lIM hoMlNloN Ol' ( 'ANA HA.

tilyoriiiiid rcscivcd rnrtlii' II;iir-l)nM'<ls iiicrciisi'd
I'rom 1,-J(l(»,(l()(» iicics i<> I,|(»0,(i00. Til,, ix.piilii-
tioii WHS iiKTciisi'il hy llii' rlijiiiiic Ic 17. '■"••, and
cnncspoiidiiin' idli'iMlioiis wtTi' iiiii(i.' in llic
lUullcy rliiuscs.* 'rill- existing' » 'lislolils (iul ics
wtTi' to he (•(Hitiiiiit'<l ioi' llirt'i' years; uud lln'
wiisli- lands ntsIimI in tin' l)i>n>iiiioii (iox ci'Mnn'iil
iiislciid nl' in llii' Local ( i<i\ I'lnnicnl, as in liir
otiicr I'l'ovinics.

(i — Tlic sfrond icadinii oi' the l*>ill was to
have taki'ii i)lari' on tlic sixth, hnl just Ix'l'oic

•Till! Hill, ;is piisrJi'il, foiiijiiiis tliirly Iwii i-hiii.-'fs, iiinl |irH\i)Irs tlic
rrt'iitioii ut'a l'i-i>('inr(> oT Miiiiitnliii, nitl nrtliiil |Mirtinn nf ItiitM'irs Ltiinl.
.Vi'., liiMinil(i.| liy '";" wr.l liMiiiilMilr, Ml" :;(!' niil'lli liililmlc, :i<.i"hi'-I Umiti

hull', .'iiiil tli>' I ikImiv c.r III,' Inili'il SlMli". I'l hil<i' I'lVi'i'l I'l illii'<hi.\

nil uhii'Ii llrr .\l:iii'-ly. Ity "l-.lrr ill ('*illliri|. ?-Il;lll J|||IH'\ Un|ti'r('.s l.llhl

iiii'l llii^ .N'nrlli W I'-i 'i'i'rrit<>rii'~ In I' h. Tlii' |<rn\ i^ioii^ <il llii' lti'ili..<h

ul' Mil' fl iliiciii liy Hv.i iimiiiImt.i. lill il liii.-, Iiy CI'ILSIIS, 'ill.lHHI |ii'c,|,li', j

lliiMi liy lliriT. ivli.'ii il hii" T'l.lKKi, liy I'liiir In lliu Ijimsi' ul' I'miiiiiiiii.' liy
luiii- inciiilM'r-, until iioxt fi-ni^ii.^ ; iillcr tliiit. iicrunlinKlii tlir tit'ly liiili
scrlinn ulilif llriiivli .\i)iili Aim-riiM A(!t. \'ntiTs .-iiinc iis liii- l,i'u'isl;iii\4'
A-Ki'inlily. Any \i.liT mii-'lil In' iilccli'il iiii'miIiit. 'I'lirrc wiim In lir ii l.ii'ii-^

li'lllinl-llnM'I'IMil' mill Mil I'lvi'iMltili I'lMlni'il, tn i'i.n.«i^t nl fur |irr«iil|i. Ihn
-1-iil III lii'MTnnii'iil. lill iitlii'inisc ■li'liiriniiii'il. In he ill l-'nrl li:iriy. I'lii'
l.i'KlsliitiiriM'iiiisi^'Iril, lir>ii|i'« the liii'iiliniini linv itiiiiI', nl' ii licKiiliilivn

('niiiicil iMiil Li'Ki.i|iili\'i> As-iMiilily. 'I'Im- lui-iiirr t i.-i.-l nl' si-mmi

iiKMiilicry Inr I'niir yi'ni> : iil'lnrwiiril.-' hvclvc In hr iijiiininti'il hy tlic
liii'iili'iiiinl (InviM-niir in llcT .Miiji'sly'-J iiiiliii', In' iilsn ii|i|iiiinlilii{ llii'

S| ■iiliiT. Qiinini niiiiiirily. Sin'iikiT tn liiivi' vnii' mill cii.-iiiDi Milr.

')'.' ' • .'i'ihili-. I' A.'^'riiilily Ini'iiiijiist nl' twenty rniii'iiK'iiilii'rM ; llin Liciiti'ii-
ii'i ' i.vi'inni- In iirixiini/i- tlin ili.^lrirl.'f within }^i.\ iimntli.i. A hnim liih
','.!i > -inlilrr Inr nin- .\n;ir licl'iirn cli-i-linli, turlity nnii .\'<-ii|-.-iit' jil:> , iillil n
'i.-'''|ll» >llli.il'i-l, illiirlll villi". I''nr llin lirsl I'll'i'linll ll!l\ illR I II il hnll'i'-

linli|.-r:il iiny linir ivitllin tlin I wi>l\ i' lilniillis uii< .iiitlii'ii'iit. Must vnlr in
iliviHinn wlii-ri' lin i.-' ri'-iilinil iit iliilr nl' tin' writ. I''nr lirst clri'linn ihr
Lii'ilh'iiiinl ltii\i'i'liiir niii;lil i.'onr tlin writs liMvlinln.'iirvni' liu I liiiil:.'lil 111.
.mil I'li'-i'i ihr tlir Inini-, A'-., Ill |'rn^l•l'^lin^'. I )ii rul inli nl' n.^si'iiilily, Inll 1'
,M';il-. Till' rit'ltl In lr;;i..|ilti' ri -jn'rlitlK Cillli'llt inn cnillil nnl llll'i'i-l iin.v

i-\i.^lilii; ri;.'lit li'-| lilli: ili'linilliliillinnill sifltnnls. All il|i[>nill In tin-

(JiiMTiinr in Oniiiiril Wiis ^riiiili-il tut III' iniiinrlty. Inuiisc [irn|M-r liiKi^l.-itinii

w;l.- nnl nniii'tril, iir ilrrisinii nl' ( in\ I'rnnr in ( 'nlllll'il Wlls linl I'.xci'lllcil, t III'
('.iliiiiliiin I'lirliiiini'lit iniixlil iniilii- ri-iiii-ili;il Imw>. 'I'lir Mnifli^li iiiiil l-'ri-nrli
liitn.ni:ii;i'.i :iri' In III' II -I'l I II) till' !,i'iri«liiliiri' iiniH'niirls. jnli'i-esl w;is tn In-

illlnwi'll In till' l'rii\ illl'tl U|in|t $ri'2,IKHI |il'r lllllllllll , it llin illK lln ill'llt, iinil

II Mlll^■il|y nl s:;ii,nn(i |M'r iiiiiniin, iiinl eiulily i uiil" in'r Im'ikI. ini'ii'ii-iin; till '

it.4 jininihiti 'i>iii'lii'..< MKI.IllNI. Tin' I'llstniii.i iliilics. tlii'ii liiililn in I

l(ii|irrls' Liiml, wi'in I'nnliniii'il Inr lliri'i' yciir.-. Siii'li liiws ii'liiiiiiK In ^
t'lislntiiN nr Inliinil I'l'vciiui', ii.-< lliu <in\i*rnnr-iii t'niini'it inliflit ili'i'liirr.

slinlllil 111' il|i|ilii'i| tn till' I'lnvilirr. Till' lllnrralltnil lllllil.i W1'||. vi'^ldil in tllr
t'rnwil Inr hnlllillinn jilirtinHl'.-. l.lmt'lHHI iii'rr> \V( r<' ll|l|ii'ntirillll'll Inr till'

ri'.iiili'tit Mull liri'i'it liiiniHi'.i, ihr liii'iili'iiiinl -( jn\'i'ri)nr tn set iijuirt iiml ;
il|i|inrtinll till' 111 iimli-r ri'ifllliilinn.- tn In* llllnli' li.v tin' I niM-nmr in Cntinril . '
iii'iiiit> in tri'iliiilil liy tin' llml-nnV- l)ii,\ Ciiiiiiiiny ln'lnrr i-iulilli nl M^inli.

IHi'i'i, wi'ii'i'iinlirini'il ; il ill liiw tliiiii Irri'lmlil i.:Vlil li ini'rii'il tniliiit nl

ili'siri! nl' till' nwiii'r. Tilli's li> ni'i'ii|i;iiii'\' ninli'i' tlir ('niii|)iiiiy, in |iiirt.«

ttln'rc till' llllliiin lilli' litnl hi'l'll I'SlillKllislll'il, slinlllil, il l'Ui|llil'l"l, 111' 'l-n

iiniiviTti'il liy i^rniil. I'mn'rnlili' iinssi'ssinii in .iHnli inirl.s ifiivn ii riwlil nl'
|iri' ciiiiitinii. Tlii'M' rinlils In III' iisi'i'riiiiiii'il mill iiil.in.-li'il liy till' liii'iitcii-
iint tinxiTimi'. itnilrr rri^nliilinny In In' iiitiilc liy tlm ttnviTiinr ii t'niiin'il,
wliii stiniilil iiImi .irllli' iiimli' nr I'lirni nl'ifrmit'i. Tim fjiriiii'iiiint (imrninr

III .Mmiilnllll IMIS In Iii'IiImi ill I'll tl'lllinl linMTIinr nl'llll' llllnri/lllli/i'il )in|tinll

111 till' Nnrtli W rut Ti'rrilnry, Ai'.. mnl lliu Art nl' liisl M'smn ,\i'i'|i| n.s

lii'ri'in .'ilti'ii'il, W'ls ('\ti'iiilri| In lliflii' II. ('Iiiilnlicrlin. in Yi'tr li<,i,l. <tl

till' met linu' ( T I lit' House on llial ^,^. ji,„.|j,,,, ,.
day Sir .lolin A. Mttcdonald was ;;,Vi?i£u'';;',i;;;'.',',;'
tak.-n siiddfiily and altirmin-ily ''''' 'i'''^i"''"'J"i''.''v-
ill ill his ollici', iind llu' second rcadiiiL! wiis
liosi|ioiied. ( )ii tiic I'ollowinii' tliiy, Sir .Ii.liii
siill lontiniiinti' loo ill to lie moved IVoni lli^
oliice, tlie l)il|i\vas itiUeii cliiiru'e ollfy Sir < lenriri'
I'i' ("artier, and tlie second reading nio\ed. Mi
Mackenzie said llial lie looked iiixm the present
iinderlakine jis one ol' \ nsl political iniportaiici'
to llie i'utiire ol' tile country. Tlie iic(|iiisiii(iii
ol'the 'I'errilory liad loim' i>een reiiiirded Ity tlic
I'ro\ in(M' (iT Canada, and our al)andonnieiit ol'j
that line ol' policy now would cause a ciiaiin'c
in the political relations ol' the i-ounlry, wliicli
lie was sure the House did not desire. He wa.s
aware ol' tin- I'iicl that tliere were many, even
anionesl those wlio were now I lie advisers ol'
Iho Crown, wlio had not always regarded tins
suhject as heiim' ol' the i^reat importance il
really was, and had even tretded il with ridicule
when linsl, proposed to th< House; Iml he l i'ii>ii(i
that the meml)ers ol'llu! House would now leel
that this was a (|iiestion ol' such ji'reat iiiipef-
tanee to the lutiire wcllare ol' the country, iii:it
they could rise superior to mere parly atlili;i-
lions, and treat the matter in llial iHoad c;,i
liberal national si)irit which it deserved, ile
said, that in a report ol' the Commissioner ij'
Crown liiiiids (Hon,.l,(), ( 'amhon). made in is.'il,
lie I'ound the I'ollowinn' |)aKsa',4'e, \\ iiich was ,-0
ojjposite to the pi'esent circumstances thai ii-'
would (juote it; "Itwoidd he very desirahie,
Ihererore, and tjiiite praetieahle, ii" ihe IJrilisii
(lOvernnKMit will consent to annex the Imliaii
Territories, exlendine' to the racilic and Van-
couver's Island, lo Canada, to cstahiisii duriiin'
summer, a, monthly eomniunieatimi across tlie
continent, il is ol' incalcidal)le importanee liial
tiiose measures should l)e most Torcihly pressed
upon the Imperial (iovemment at tiie present
juncture, lor on tlieir solution depentls tiie
([uestion ol wliellier this ciMinlry siiail niliiiiali'-
ly iiccome a I'clty State, (m- one ol' the (ireai
I'owers ol' the caitii; and not only liiat, Imt
wiieliicr or not liiere shall l)e a counterjioi.^-e
ravoialtle to llritish interests ami modelled upon

(,()VKI{N IK.Vr or Sli; .KdIX V<)IN(; I'ASSACI', OK 'I'lIK M.Wri'or.A ACT.

l{iiii>li iiislitiitioiiN lo ((mntciiU't ilit» pri'ijondci-
aiiiii; iiilliU'iicf — il' iiol llic nhsoliiH' (lomiiiion —

III wlllrll cllf iiTfilt lH'i'jillxH-, till' I'llilcd Stllli'N,

iiiii^i olliciw i.M- :iliaiii upon lliis < <piiliii«'iit."
Tliiit I'lillv i('i-,,,'s('iii('(l his virus oil llii' iiiipor-
liiiiic of tlir siihjcci, jiiul In- ihoiitvlil tliiit ti>
;iil;ini lliis oliji'it. llic question should lie dis-
iii^si'd ciiliiily. iuid disp:issi,i;i;ilt'ly, willi :i \it'\v
lo tlic iiiilioiuil wfllMi-c. Ivi'Tcrriiii;' to :i statc-
uiiiii iiiadi' liv llif MiiiisiiT oi .lustici'. iii a rcrciil
(li'linlf oil the uiunlcr oi Scott, to the cllcct
lliiil lh<' Doiuiiiion had no jiiiisdiction in lhi>
iiiiiil'i', 111' diU'crcd I'ldiri tiic iionovahit' uriitlc-
111:111, ii(il<iin'4' thai Iiiipi'iial liCi>'islalion had
HJvi'ii to till- l'ro\ iiici^ oi' Canada loiicurn'iit
iurixliction in tiic Norlli-W'i'sl 'I'riiiloiy. whirii
|in\\i'v iiad di'srcndrd to llic Dominion ; and
lliis power had Keen exercised hy a roiiinT
luiiiiiiiisiration. He then spoUe oi' the ui'cat,
\a\\\'' till' Territory would he to Camuhi. on
iiiTdUiil oj its eoiitainiiiii' tlie best iraiis-eoiiti-
iiiMiial route lo the I'acilie, riinniii^' throu^ii u
viihiahle raniiiiii;' country, and also IhrouLih
iv'jieiis riih in coal and iron, with i^-ood soil,
iiiiiuiiilieeiit water supplies and all that was
iii'cessarv lor const ructinii' the road, showinii'
lin\v sii|)erior, in this ri'spi'cl it was to the
Auiciii an I'acilie, over one thousand miles ol'
which was an arid (h'sert. He next reviewed
the previous Act and said that it was an
crrer that rc|)rescntali\ <> institutions were not
M'cureil to till! people ; and tlial tlie people
imi;lil to have had I lie measure properly
i'X|)lMiiied to Ihein lieiure a Iiieutenan;-(i<i\-eriior
was sent to the 'I'erritory. He spoke in terms
III' slid), t;' (MJiKh'iiin itioii of the conduct ol' the
Secretary ol Slate i\'V the I'roxinces diiriiiii' his
visit Id tlie |{e<l l{i'-er, saying- that instead ol'
explaiiiiiii^- the intentions ol' (he Dominion
towards Ihe people, he luid chosen annexalioiiists
as his companions, and hy his improper cours(>
oiiciiurauvit the rclicUioii, which it was now
ciisiinu tli(\ country i o miu'h to sujipress. He
•leriiiiled Mr. Maedoug-all I'rom the attaL'l<s ol'
llie Secretary ol' State for the i'ldviiices, and
tlioie^lit the Toriner v\'as rin'lit in his ondeavor
I" see liii'l, and (hat he was not to Mame I'or

i.sHuiim' his proclamation. I'or the Secretary of
State I'or the Provinces ouizht to have noiiiied
him that th(> date ol' Iraiisrer had liceii chaieaed.
He thouiiht that the insiiircction could lia\e
hecn prevented it Mr. Howe had done his duty.
With reii'ard to the rehellion itself, he had no
doiiht that it jiiirtlv arose from the chai:riii ol'
Ihe Hudson's Itay Companys ollicers, who
•sowed llu! seeds oi' disconti'iit, the Secretary of
Slate I'or the I'roviiiees'had Watered the urowiny
plant, and the result was the pieseiii scheme ol'
comimlsion l»y a militarv lorce. lie ridi( iiled
the actions ol' (he three ( 'oiiimissioiieis si'iit up
as a I'aice, as they had only \ isitcd ihe section
in rehcllion, with the exception ol Mr. Smith
who had \ isiied Ihe loyal settlements, hut only 1
lo ask the people lo siip[)ort K'iel in order to
sa\ e major 15oulton's lil'e. lIi- paid a trilnile id
the bravery and loyalty of Scott, and Idaiiied
("ommi.ssioiier Smith for not insisliiii:- on the
ri'lease of the prisoners before hii\ iiiLT anythiiiii'
to (hi with the coincntioii. He blamed the
Government for reeeiviiiL; Scott, liichot and
Smith as deleyales, ciaimiim' that tlicyhad 110
ri<rht (o that title as they were only deleeales
of till- reliel u(>\ eriimeiit and not of the whole
p.eople. lie iield that (he prop<i.se(l bill was of
the III most importance as (ho initial measure
for (he (Joverninent of Ihe Norlh-AVcs!, and
hojied (hat (he (.Sovernment would pay atten-
tion to the amondments which would be pro-
jiosed : for his own part he desired to L:i\ e
satisfaction to all classes of Her Majesty's sub-
jeets, hut doubted whether this bill would
satisfy I lie people of the Nortli-West. He did
not really know whether they desired represen-
tative Government or not, and he cMisideriMl
Ihal it would have been wiser to 'stablish a
Territorial Government for a short period, until
llie people should Iia\ e an opportunity of saying'
what kind ol jrovernment I hey preferred, when
the House could liave meet their \ lews. The
pro|)osed bill miiihl suit Messrs, Scot I and
liichot, l)ul th(>re were others who should be
consulted, and ho thoui^ht it would be belter
to have a I'rovisional (Joveriunent, with one
nieinber of Council from each district, and let

V !

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Sill

Iii

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'. I,

•

1114

TI'TTLirs IIISTOI.'Y Ol' Till'] liO.MINION 1)1' CANADA.

that Council .s'".a<>est to riivliamtMit the Ibrm ol
uoA-rnirnt'iit it would prefer. He stroiiifly
olijeeted to thi' reservation of susli a lartre
quantity of land i'or tiie Half-breed.s, elaiuiini>-
that afti'r i)rovision had been made for land
already occupied by actual .settler.^;, and the
retservatioiis of thi' Iludson'.s Bay Couipany,
there would scarcely be one million of aere.**
left I'or emiurauts. He rontended that u'reat
mistake.^ had been made in the laiul policy
of the old I'rovinee.s. and had hoped that,
with the ac(iuirement of a new territory, a
new era would have been inavriiurated, and all
the land left open for hotui Jlde settler.s. If such
a policy was ado])ted, theri> would be no need
for reservations of any kind, and the only
restrictions he would advocate wimld be with
reference to coal or iron mines. With regard to
titles of land the oriuinal auTeement had been
that all titles aranted up to the fourth of March,
ISdit, were to hold i;ood, and it was incompre-
hensible to him why that time had been
extended fourteen months. He proved that, in
the deeds urauted by the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany, there w^as a clause reqiiiring- parties
holding' under such deeds to contribute their
due proportion of the expense of maintainin"'
all public establishments, whether civil, eccle-
siastical, military or otherwise. This inchKled
the maintenance of the <'lergy ; and he was not
prepared to conlirm any titles which would i only fair to make this reservation for the settle

young men who would emiurate, and w iio
should be entitli'd to a vote, althouy'h fjiey
might not at once become householders. ]b' also
objected to the members of tiie lirst Lm ;il
Legislature benig elected for four years, as tiie
members returned to the Commons would oiilv
have two years to serve before a dissoluiioii,
and he thouuht it would be Ix'tter to have the
first Lo*al House elected for a short term, lie
also thouuht that the boundaries of the Province
should be enlarged, as they were altoaether too
confined at present.

7. — On the reading of the twenty-seventh
clau.se, reserving 1,400,000 acres of land lor
the Half-breeds, Mr. Ferguson
movetl that the clause l)e struck n-^.ivc r.u- ihiir
out, as it was altogether too
much for a population of 14,000 ; besides wliich.
the twenty-sixth clause vested all the wild
lands in the Dominion Government, and theiv-
fore, the twenty-seventh clause was imi
necessary. Sir treorge E. Cartier in defendiiiii'
the clause said that the land policy had be(Mi
the most difhcult question to settle in framiiiii
the bill. It was not desirable to leave the wild
lands under the control of the Local Legislature,
as was the case with the other Provinces, on
account of the Dominion Government requiring
control over them for the purpose of buildnii;'
the Pacilic Kailwav ; it wasl therefore, thouLiht

impose upon the holders the duty of main
taining the clergy. Canada had deliberately
adopted the principle of a new State Church
poli y, and the proper course w^ould have been
to have th-^se titles suspended by ordering
CVown Land titles, lie exjiressed dissatisfaction
with the clause relating to the franchise which
provided that only those persons who had been
householders for one year could vote at the
coming election. This was so manifestly unjust
to the Canadians and others, who had been
driven I'rom their homes by the rebellion, that
he hoped the Government would amend the
clause. He would greatly prefer to have the

: raeut of the claims of the Half-l)reeus. lb'
; assured the House that it was the desire and
I intention of the Government to deal fairly and
justly with all classes, no matter what their
' descent. Not one penny would 1)6 demanded
from anyone holding titles under the Hudsons
Bay Company, and with regard to the full-
blooded Indians there we:e only about seventeen
hundred of them, and their interests woald bo
respected. Hon. Mr. Macdougall maintained
that there was no such thinus as Hall-breed
claims at all; when the Indians intermarried
and mingled with the whites they ceased to be
Indians. It wa.s ridiculous to oH'er to treat

residental qualiiication substituted for a house- j these Half-breeds as minors, or wards of the
hold qualih(;ation, on account of the number of I Government as the pure Indian.s were, for they

(.OVKI.'.VMKXT or SII! .lOlFN YOrXtl— PASSA(iK oK TIIK MAMTol'.A .\<T.

liir>

wcir :is iiitolliuvnl and well iil)l(' (o take care
1)1' iliiMiiscI\ cs as any wliih' men, and in.slauci'd
Mr. Monkinan and other llall'-hrccds who had
lilrlv visitt'd Canada as cxaniplt's. Tho I'ull-
Moddcd Indians of the Territory also claimed
these lands, and they had sense enough to know
that the Canadian (lovornnient would nut pay
tor tlieni twill' over. The claim of the Ilall-
hreeils was not lounded on either justice or law,
and would lead to great inconveuieuee. He
aruiied that it would he i'ar better to insert a
I'liiusi'OiieninL'' all the wild lands for settlement.
so tiiat any man could go in and have a right
to the ownership of the laiul by actual settle-
ment. That would meet the claim of thellall-
bieeds. lor all of them wiio desired to become
actual settlers could do .so, and get a free grant
of land ; but agriculture was not much i)ursued
hy these men; they were hunters and trajipeis,
and the only ell'ect of these reservations would
he to retard the settlenu'Ut of the <'0v .try
without settling the Half-breeds. If free u'rauts
had l)een given, and a homestead law passed,
the Cro\ernment would have done its duty, and
acted as wisely and justly as could be expected,
lie then entered into an argument on the past
land policy of Canada, which had retarded
imniiaration, and .sent thousands through
Canada to the United States, where they could
take up the best they could lind, and hoped to
>oe a wiser policy adopted for tho North-West.
Sir Francis Hincks said that it was very
important that the Half-breeds should be
treated liberally and made to feel satisiied.
There were only two ways of getting possession
of the country ; one was to send up a large force
and conquer the country, aiul the other was to
consider the claims presented by the delenates,
and meet them as fairly as po.ssible. The
iranling of this land reserve was one of the
conditions on which they coiild obtain peacea-
l)le possession of the country, and he considered
tliai it would have been folly to have refused
what was so small a concession compared to
tiie immense reserves allowed the Hudson's Bay
Company. These claims had nothing to do
with the Indian title which would be settled

Nun. Ml. .Ml .I.mil'mII
|.f..|M.>r- ;i IK'W lailt
whirl, i- iri. ■.■!!■. I.

se])arately. Al'li-r .some furlher discussion, Mr.
Ferguson's motion was put and lost by a vote
of 37 for, to ))7 against.

8.— On the motion to concur Hon. Mr. Mac-
dougall introduced an entirely new bill, in the
shape of an amendment. The new
bill was louiuh'd on that of the
previous year, and providetl a Ter-
ritorial Government, to consist of a Lieutenant-
Governor, a Council of from seven to lifteen
members and a Local A.ssembly, to be elected
by all the male whites who had been residents
of the country one month ; any person, one oi
whose parents was white, was to count as white.
\o land to l)e reserved, except for school pur-
poses; any actual .settler to have the right to
take up a quarter secticm. The boundaries of the
new Province to be the same as of Assiniboia,
and its name •' the District of Assiniboia." In
.support of his ann-ndment he said, that he did
not think the circumstances of the country
would demand, for two or three years, such
elaborate legislation as the Government Bill
proposed. The bill of the previous year was
faulty l)ecause it did not recognize the political
rights of the people ; this year the Government
had goU' as far in the opposite direction and
recognizi 1 m too much. The expense of the
Govern) lirst would fall on the Dominion,

and it o .., be made as little as possible. He
thought thai one Chamber was quite sufhcient
for the Local Assembly. No provision was
made in his measure for representation in the
Dominion Parliament, but that would come in
time. With regard to the land policy, which he
held to be most important, it was necessary that
we .should be able to offer better terms to immi-
grants than they could obtain in Minnesota ; for
this purpose he proposed to grant to each bomt
Jhle settler, on three years residence and
payment of %■) fees, two hundred acres of
land, which would be much better than the
one hundred and sixty oliered by the United
States, after live years settlement, on i)ayment
: of $10. He stated that there were a larue num-
ber of Canadians in the Western States who
were anxiously watching to see if the liberal

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Hid TinTI-F-;s lirsTol.'Y or TIIK dominion ok ('.\N.\I».\.

laiiil pnliry was adopted, iiiid, it' il was, (licy
wniild M'tllc in till' Mfw l'i(>\ iiic •. lie (hen
(•iilt'itMl upDii ;i loiiu' tli'loucc ol' liis own roiidiict,
and il si'vcii' altack on tlu' Jlon. Mr. lIowi>. Sir
(ii'rM-<ro I'i. Cart iiT said lio uoidd not, iipprovo ol'
what liad l)ccn doni- in Ri'd Kivt'i. lint, lu' did
Itcliovo in rallin;^ Iho people tlnTc notliinu,' hut
rfhi'ls. Thry were cdncattMl and intcllii^cnt, ami
their Convention at l''()rt tJarry woidd compare
very I'avorahly with I lie one helil at (Quebec ;
and, as I'ar as population and prosperity went,
they were far bettor oil' than l'p[)er Canada was
when it was nnide a Provinco. Hi' condeniui'd
the scheme proposed by Mr. Ma,cdo>i^all as
likely lo breed dissatisraclion, and urged the
more liberal policy ol' the (lovernnnMit, which
would ^'o I'ar to remo\c all I't'olini^soi' discontent.
Ilcrerring to the money clauses ol' the Govern-
ment r>ill, he said the rrovince would only cost
|iiI7.'204 a year, wliih; Mr. Macdou^-all's Terri-
torial (roverument would cost much more. lie
claimed that the land poliey which the Govern-
ment proposed to adopt was not exceeded in
lii)i'rality by any Province or State, or even by
the l-'edcral Government. Mr. Mackenzie, in
seconding Hon. Mr. Macdimiiall's amendment,
said he did so, not beeause he approved oi'all il
contained, but because the j^'eneral i)rinciple was j
riyht. He claimed that some sort of provisional
Constitution should be Iramed under which the
real wishes of the people could be attained. The
bill propo.sed by the Government did not meet
the wishes of the people even as ' ir as they were
known, for the Bill of Kights asked for a land
reserve for edu<ational purposes which was not |
provided for ; it al.so asked for homestead and pre-
emption laws, which were not provided I'or, and
il did not say anything about this immense land
reserve for the Half-breeds, which was provided
lor. With a view to having the Territorial form
of Government adopted, he would move, in
amendment, " That the Legislature should be
chosen by the pojiiilar voice, and there should be
representation in the Dominion Parlianu'iit, com-
bining with due regard to the rights of the peojile
and the economical administration of local aflairs.
the means of obtaining a knowledge of the public

will as to the form of the Legislatnrii and llh-
tenure of thi- lands of the ProviiKv, llnis
obvialinu' the |Mitting upon ihein of a loini di
tiovernment to which they miuht objeci." ||,.
said this was not meant as an objection lo ih ■
bill as a whole, but simply as a modiJii .ition nl
it to L-ive the Government lime to lind out w hm
the people really did want. He ridiculed \\,r
size of tile l'ro\in(e, and said il was so sci.ill
the Government miiihl put a board-feuie round
it and whitewash it. Mr. Howe defended lii>
(•(Huluct while in the Norlh-Wesi, and Messr-.
liodwcll aiul Macdougall made attacks on Mr.
Howe, after whi(di a vote was taken, and Mr,
Mackenzie's amendment lost by a vote of:'.,') Inr,
i)5 against, lion. Mr. Mac.dougaH's amendnieui
was then put and losl. 11 voting for it and liin
against.*

!t. — A number of other amendmeiils weiv
moved at various stages of the I5ill, but wnc
all rejected, and we will simply
note them to snow tlie provi- ..•.ir,i.Ni,.,ii.i ni.' i;.ii
sious to which the Opposition
took exception. Mr. Feruuson moved: "i'hat
the boundaries beiiin at a point where the nieij.
diaii IMi deg. west intersects parallel .")2 (Icl:.
north latitude, thence due west aloiiu' s;iid
parallel of i'}2 deg. north, to the iiitcrscctiuii of
meridian 100 deg. west, thence due sontli to
the 4!)th parallel, thence along the Lake of the
Woods to the mouth of the Winnipeg River,
thenci^ north lo Lake Winnipeg." Mr. Cart wriL;lii
moved in amendment: "That it shall be lawlul
for the Parliament of Canada to ciilarii'i- :iiiil
make .such changes iu the boundaries as may
appear expedient from time to time." .Mr.
Cartwrights amendment was lost by a vole oi
52 for, 72 against. Mr. Mackenzie moved in
amendment : " That the boundary be lixed at
the 102nd deg. west longitude."' liost by 47 to
74. Mr. Ferguson's motion was then put niid
losl by 40 to 73. Mr. Mills then moved : •Tlmi
the Independence of L*arliameiit Act b.' inaile
to ap[)ly to mMub'rs elected in Maiiitolia. "
iSir George K. Cartier said that members would

• Till' Mvcs wen'. .Mc^Hi-s. liinilinn. Cuniii'll. M.ic'lcum'.'ill. Mii.il"ii:i|i|
((nmiinirrj) Miukvii/.it!, Ml'Ii'iiH'u, Hyiiial, Wiiliiici't Well.s iiiiil Wliiii II.

<;()Vi:r.'VMi;NT or sfR .loiix V(>i'\<; tfik kkviw im Ascn

Hi7

idiiM' uiidi'i' till' provisions ol' tlic a<'t as soon sir
ilic rniviiirc cnltTrd ilic Domiiiioii ; ami llic
iiinciKiiiit'iil Wiis lusi l»y I') lor, 7- aiiiiinst. Mr.
Kcruii'^oii iiiovi'd : " Tii.tt llic twciity-smoiith
cLiiiM' Iff slricl\i'ii oiil ' l.,nst )»y 40 lor, 77'
!i!iiiiiisl. Mr. MMckciizic iiiovi-d an anicndnicnt
(ji'liiiiii'.: Ilii' (jiialiliiMlioMs ol' incnilx'rs, \vlii<li
uii- lii-t, :!S li.r. "I auaiiisl. Mr. Drew niovcd :
• Tliiil 111.' Iir,-<t I'arliamcnl ol' Manitoba stiali

,, oiiiv l:i.-t Iwp yi-ars." host, 41 I'or, (i(! ai^'ainst.

' Mr i'"'ri;uson niovi'd : •' Tliat one iiionlli's rcsi-
(li'iicc as a liousclioldcr sliali l)i' a suliicicnt
i|Uiililii ation I'or Notcr.s at tlu> lirst cltiction."
.Mr. llo<l\v(dl moved, in ann-ndini'iit : "That
I'vcvy pcr.son who has resided in the Province
1(11 one month .sjiail be entitled to a vote at tlie
lir.sl election, whether he he a lioiiseholdev or
Moi " Ijost, ;!.') for. 82 aLiainst. Mr. l''eri>uson"s
laotiiiM was then put and lost, 41 lor, 7 entitled to vote." liost on division.
t)n the 27th clause, reservinii' 1,400,000 acres

liT lliill-l)r Is, l)eini>' reached, Mr. Mackenzie

inoveil thai the I'ollowiim l)e su])stitiited I'or
it: "That whereas it i.s expedient to appro-
piiaie a portion ol such unii'ranted lands I'or the
liunilies ol' Ilall'-hreed residents, it is hereby
(•iiatii'd ihat the children of .sucli llall'-hreeds

' resident in the J'rovince shall bo entitled to
receive ;i o-ranl ol'iiot more than 200 acres each,
nil ;iit;\iiiinL>' the aii'e ol' eiu'htcen years, in such
iiioile, Mild on such conditions, as the Governor-
iii-Coiincil may I'rom time to time designate."
Sir Georiie E. ('artier observed that there were
over 10.000 ehildivu in the Province wliich
would require even a lari>-cr urant than that
iLsked ij the amendment was carried. Mr.
Markeii/.ie's motion was then lost, :57 to 80. Mr.
Oliver moved to stirke out the clause relatinL>-
to education. Lost, W to 81. On the motion
Tor the third reading Mr. Mackenzie said he
did not intend to oli'er any further opjiosition.
Tile Oppositioi' had endeavoured to amend the
most ol)iectiona])h' features of the bill, and
hiiviiiu- iiiilod in that, they threw upon the
('o\ovmaent the full responsibitity of passing

the measure as it stood. They had doclih.\.
from lirst m last to acci'pt any aiiien<lmi'nt,
except the one forced on them by strong expres-
.sion of the opinion of I he House at the outset;
but, believiiiii- that il was necessary to have
some bill pass, to ha\e some form ofdovern-
ment established in the Territory, he did not
ask lor tho Hill to pass on division. The Kill
was then read a third iinie and passed.

ciiAPTKii xvr.

(l()\l';ii.\.MKNT of Sli; ,I011\ Vor.Nii TDK

i'i:.\i.\.\ i'i.\s('o.

1. l''l".N I.V.N l'i;r.l'AI!ATI(iNS I'dl! A.NdTHI':!! \S-
VASInX Ol'" Ca.NADA. — 2. Mll-ITIA t'AIiM':i) OUT.
.1'|IF>I1)KNT(J|!V.NT's l'i;nf|,AMATIiiN. — :!, TlIK

Fknians k\tI';r Canada. — f. I)i':i'KAr lO' riiE
Fk.mans at Eccr.K.s lliiii..— ">. Tin; Fknia.ns

RKTRKAT KIIiiM TlIK M l.sSISi Jfi H FK( )NTI Kit.

— ti. JvKi'ur.sK oK TlIK Fkma.ns 0.\ I'IIK

JIU.NTIXODON l'"l!ONTIKR. ( 'd.MI'I.I M KNT TO
TIIK MIMTIA.— 7. K.N'DiiK TIIkRaII). TiMAI.
OK SOMK DK TIIK IvAIUKliS. OriNlo.VS ( >F I'HK

Prkss.

1. — The trouble which had arisen in the
Morth-West was eagerly seized on by the
Fenian plotters in the I iiited

^*. . 1- 1 • I't'iiijin j.rciiiir.-ilioiiM

Dtates as a means ol drawing inr.i inr iin^i^i.Mi

more money from the i>ockets of
their dupes on the plea of striking another blow
for the freedom of Ireland, by makiim- an
onslauu'ht on Canada; and all through the
winter of 1800-70 vigorous preparations were
made in New York and other cities for the
threatened raid in the sprinu'. Numerous
appeals wtu'c made to the patriotism of the
lower orders of Irish throughout the States, and
I very large contributions wen made to "the
cause." principally by those whose iunorauce
prevented them from understanding the utter
folly of such an attempt, and whose bliiulness
hid from them the fact that tho gang of
adventurers who were at the head ol' the

in.;

I ''I:

I I

i 'I

III'' liulil IImi
iitlviiiiccd \vi(
'''"iilit'i', 1111(1 «

nii'vlcvc,

Iclnilll'll

iiiiliiiiiy

Ills Wi'Vi'
tl lirlivc
1(1 li'lu'l

' li"l.l III

ilSSIlllli'll
■1 of llll'

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' ill;iriil\
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tliirlfi'ii
r viiviuu>
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• iihrllill'i
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; to I'llliM
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red lliiil
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Ill.TI.I

itii'l

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iTiiiiiry uii'l I
jiuiiiinii'ii "I

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i..,l Sinli'iii" j
lio I'liili'il I

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miiii-l iii'liiiir. I

„-,..-.|lhi:-; '

oh illi'K ll nil' I

l.i.r 111 111 1

< 111 llii'ir 1

.1 ll.i' I'liili"! j

II. I ilcli' ll llll' I

In .iiiHli"0 nil ;

IMIHhI III! I'IiI j

.r May, mil"' •
iiv. mill i" I'll' ■

Mlllll

. IIKAN'I

(loVKUNMKNT (»F Sli; .lollN VcdXd TIIK KKXIAN KIASCo.

ii;',i

! nhiri'd as liij^h as lirtccii huiidrt'd. Tito lii'sl
shiiiiiisli look place a( Ecclcs Hill, in advance
111' Ciioks Corners, on llie Missi.squoi IVonlier,
wliriv. at about noon, on the Iweiity-lirih, the
advaiiee liuiird ol' I lie Fenians, a))out two ii nl-
red slronu', under command of ''(Jeniral"
O'Ni'ill— the " hero" of IHCd— crossed the Iron-
lii'r. The position at Eccles Hill is a strong i
one, and as soon as it was known that the
FciiiMiis really intended to make an attack, Lt,-
Ci'l, t >,sl)orne Smith, Deputy Adjiitaiit-Ueneral,
(■oiiiiiiaii<liii<? Militia, Military District, No. 5, had
((i(leii'<l lit. Col. C'liamhcrliii, commaiidinu' the
;(i(ltli (Missi,s(|uoi) Hattalion of Militia, to occupy
I it with all the force he coidd command. Col.
' ("liaiiiherlin at once telei;raphed to Frelii>-li.'<l)\irir
askiiiu' any of the iiihahitauls who had rillles to
occupy tliis hill, if the Fenians had not already
liiki'ii po.sse.ssion of it, and endea\ or to hold it
until the arrival of the militia. The hihahitanis
' at (iiicc turned out in the most loyal manner.

Ion 1 thomselvos into a " Homo i>nard " under

roiiiiiiaiid of Mr. Asa Westover, ami look posses-
sion nf tlie hill on the niiiht of the twenty-
fouitli. Only one company of the (10th had yet
; iiiiistcred at Stanhridi>'e (No. ;!, under command
Mil' (';i|)lain Robinson) and a portion of this was
I si'iil forward to Cook's Corners to suppor* the
nailaiit little party holdiim- Ei'cles Hill. At
j ilay-lircak, on the twcnty-iiftli. Captain IJockus
ami twenty-four men, of No. f) (.%iini)any, also
Weill iorward lo Fccles Hill, and the volunteers
I'loni llie surroundinu' country, and Montreal
J were ii;'.stenin<!: to the front, as fast as rail and
I'.s nil could take them. The whole force assem-
liliil al the hill, however, at the moment of
attai k. was only thirty-six volunteers ;ind thirty-
live of the " llonii" pfuard," aiul of these some
lil'lci'ii were at dinner when the attack l)esran,

I Tlie men were posted as advanlii^'eously

IIS possible, amono' the rocks and trees, and

behind the leiices, strelchinji

lli'L.il ,,l Ihc "

i.'ii - ll i>iii'^ from the road to the crest of the

Mill.

hill, with the " Home nuard " on
III!' nulit lliink. Meanwhile the Fenians had
iulvaiice<l witiiin a few hundred yards of the
Inmlier, and ociuipicd i'incon Hill, just opposite

1!>

ISccle's Hill. The followinii' description of the
eny-imcment we take from Lieulenant-Colomd
Chamberlin's report to Lieutenant-Colonel
Smith: "At about twenty minutes before
twelve, Ueneral Foster, tlie lliiited States
Marshal for the adjoininy' district of Vermont,
waited upi>n me, desirino;, as he informed me.
to oiler a.ssuranc(>s that his Government and
himself personally, were doiui;^ all that was
po.*<sil)le to prevent a raid ; that the I'liitcd States
troops were beinn' moved np to assist him in
the dis(!harc;'e of his duty and enforcement of
the neutrality laws as fast as they could be
transported. He also said he waschariicd with
a messajije frmn the per.M»n in command of the
Fenian force in front, to say that those under
his command would not make war upon women
and children, nor be permitted to plunder
peaceable inhabitants, but would coiuliirt their
war in a, manner ai)proved aiiionn- I'ivili/ed
nations. I replied that I could receive no
messan'e from men who wer(^ mere pirates and
marauders, and that it was scanidy satisfactory
to those whom they intended to murder, be 'a use
they were in arms for the defenie of their (!ov-
ernmcnt and country, that their piracy would
not be at tended with luiusual barbarilii's. While
we were in conversation, the head of the I<'enian
column beuan to advance. I called lln- atteniion
of (ieneral Foster to the fad, who replied, ' I
thought they inteiuled lo attack you soon, but
not as soon as this.' He then drove a\,'ay in
the direction of and jiast the Fenian party. I
h.istily made siudi disposition of the men as
seemed most advantaoeous, with Captain Mockiis
on the left of the skirmish liii". which rested
upon the main road. The force at my disposal
lor the i>ur|)ose of resisting thealtiudv made was
something less than sixty rilles. The enemy
advanced in clo.se column from one hundred an<l
lilty to two huiulrecl strong, with a sm.ill
advanced guard at lilty or one hundred yards in
advance of the main body ; on its approarh to
the boumlary line it was ordered lo imive at the
double, and the advance guard rushed across.
So soon as it was ui)on (-anadian soil I opened
lire upon it, The lire was relumed from the

fi;i

v;'i:

j^'i* ! i ;j

I' ■;

!i»f

■ i I

IPt

■i!

>\'\ 'I

I »

170

Tl'TTIiK'S I11ST()J{Y OK TlIK DOMINION 0F<' CANADA.

i '

niaiii column ol' iiUiick still within tho Ihiittnl i
Stall's territory, vvIumi the coiillict bciiune i
HtMicnil. I 'poll the lirsl disrhariL^-c one niiiii, in !
the li'iuliiii^- section of tho advance i'uard, was
shot dead, and otiiers wounded, and the
reinaininiji' men comprising- it sought rct"uL"-e
hehind I he uei^hhourinir barns and under a
bridge near at hand. The main body halted,
wavered, partially rallied again, aiul then,
galled by the well-sustained and well-directed
lire ol' our men, broke — all .seeking- refuge
behind i\n'. houses and stone-rences along the
road, or makinii' their way to a wood which
crowned the sununil ol' the hill opposite to our j
|)osition upon the same, (the western) side oi' the I
road, anothi'r man being killed and several
wounded in seekinii' this shelter. From this
time a desultory lire I'rom behind trees and
fences. i\:c., was kept up. The lire of the Fenian j
column, while formed as uch, was very ill- ;
directed, sometimes more resembling ii Jeii ile ^
joie than anythiu'^' else. Hardly a shot cauu' j
near us till after shelter had lieen gained by the ]j
enemy. jj

;->. — Shortly alter the attack, Lieut.-l'ol. Smith !:
arrived and took command, and reinforctsmeuts

were hurried forward fromStan-
iiniii 111.' .MisM.,|iMM bridge, so that beioretlireeo clock

nearly (wo hundred men had
arrived.* The Fenians, however, showed no
disposition to advance. J)ut kept up a struggling-
lire from the iiuuses wliert! they had sheltered
themselves, but doiiiu' no damage. About six
o'clock the Fenians brought up a small Held
piece, when ( 'olonel Smith advanced his skirmish
line to the front ier boundary, and the few Fenians
who were left in the houses, beat a hasty retreat,

•Triiu|i» (MiKum-il ill ilie iictiDii with I'V-iiiium iil l';oelc< Hill, .\liiy i'.tli,
1S7(): —

Ciiitps.

KuiiiarkH.

SlalV

1st 'ri-nn|i MiMilr(Mil Ciiviilry.
;inl Hull. Vii-lnriii llillos ,.
I'tittli. iM' .Mii^hifiiuoi lliithilton.
lldiiio liuurd

2
'J

ii
It

■il
■ll
Iil)

'.Hi

i;i

I7H

W. OSIllULNK SMITH. i,iout.-Col.

leaving arms and ammunition behind them A
few shots were lired from the Held piece, but
without ell'ect. and the vvould-be iiiviiders with,
drew about nightfall. After running away at j
the lirst lire of Colonel Chaniberlin's men. the
Fenian.General O'Neill, attempted to take refuge
in a brick house, but was drivoi: out by liio
owner and lied to the rear, where he was arrested
by United States Marshal Foster, placed iu a cab |
and driven olf the held to Burlington jail, pro-
bably (he happiest I'Vnian of the lot, for he lili
safe. Alter O'Neill's capture the comiiiaiid
devolved upon one Huy'e O'lieilly, an escaped,
convict from Australia ; but the men had lo>t all
desire for a liglit and retreated during the ni!;lii,
abandoning their caini) at llul)bard's Conieis,
about two miles from the boundary line, and
leaving- there a large <|uantity of arm.s and
ammunition, which was subse(|uently taken
possession of by the United States aut horitie.'*.
The gun, which was an iron, rilled, brt'Ci h-load-
ing six-pounder, was afterwards captured, and
was sul)sequently presentt^d to Mr. Westover, of
th(i "Home guard," in token of (he gallaiil eim-
du<t of that corps in repulsing the invadevs
The warm reception given them disgusted ilie
Fenians, and no further altempt was made in
this direction. Not a man on our side was Iniil
in any way ; how many of (he Fenians were
killinl or Vvoiinded it is impossible to say i>o>i-
lively. Colonel Smith in his report to Lieuleii-
ant-tJeneral Lindsay, says: — "From all liie
information I can gather, the Fenian loss may he
set down as four or live killed, and lifteeu or
eighteen wounded ; some accounts double and
treble (his number — we have buried one man
inside our lines. Among the wounded is I lie
so-called 'General Diinnelly.' "* i

•Tliu li.^tiil' llio kilii'.l iind wminili'il niiiinm'sl llio I'Viiiiiiis. a-- itivrn in
dill'uront Aiiiuiii'iin iMiimrs. Incils up Icii killrcl mihI lliirli'i'n wniimli"! in
tho wliolu euininUKn. 'I'lio imiiiun wurii : —

l>K.\h. (ioiicriil J. .1. lli.iiiicll.v. Ill' I'tioii; .Idin Iti.wc. nf liiiiliiii;i"n
iM. O'Hrion, nf Mnriuli ; Kilwiinl (iiilliii, cil Itoi'lioslcr ; .Iiiincs .\l. i:v:iii>.
Ill' Troy; Kriui. LhIIi'II, nf Nowiirk ; Uciii." Ilimxai: ; (Iwri-'i' lliii:lii'»l
ChiirlonJ. Cliiiii'vy; . liiilly-lll

Will NiiKii.— KdwanI llrpc. iil liriilKoiiort ; l''niiik CiirriKaii, (if liriilio- '
linri ; K. Ci'iiiiHii, lit' .Mdiilii'al ; .Iniiu^s K»<'iian. nf Kurt I'Mwanl : IMwiii'l
('ailiiKhan. nt' lliii'liimlun: Cliai'if!^ CarlLon. ol' CHiiiliridK", Vt.; lliiiii<'I
Alioiii, 1)1 Wiiiiiiiflki. Vt. : MiidiMul I'lyiiii, ul' .Nmv Vurk ; .1. .1. Culliii:'. "I
DoKtoii; Tiiimtliy Moriarty ; I'atriiOi liiiwiiny ; .Mi' liacl CalhiKliin : .liiai>s
AtridKo—K). ;

\ mm

(lOVKKNMKNT OF SIU .lOlIN YOFNO— TIIK I'h^NIAN FIASCO.

171

(i. — Mo;ni\vhil»' llif second " iiiviuliiig army "'
Ii:h1 I)i<'1i inustt'riiiti' near Miiloiu'. N.Y., and, on
ij,,,,„i„. ,,Mi,r llii' (wonty-sovcnlh crossod the

ib';'M^.I"M'li''"ui.r. lIuntin<v(lon hordi'val Holhrook's

1 Mliiiililiiriil I" '111' TI" I ' I 1 rr^L I I

Mil;,,. iiciir iinuhmlirook. 1 he whole

iiuiiibcv of l'\Miiaiis who rcachtvl (hoir camp at
Tnmi l{i\cr is estimated at nearly lil'teen hund-
red, hill only a, small portion of them crossed
the border, and sliu'litly threw np a rmle harri-
ciuli' across the road. The monn>nt it was
known I hilt they were on Canadian soil, the
i('uul:ns and volunteers at Huntinsi'don ad-
* ;uK'c(l, and ahout eiuht o'clock ijot within shot
(il llic inva(h'rs, when the fjOth Hatlalion (Huu-
liimiloii iiorderers) under command of lit. Col.
Ml I'liichran, opened lire, and the Fenians at once
"skediuMled" l)a<k across the line, scarcely Hrinji'
•I shot and makinii' smh good time runninii' that
our troops could not ijot lu^ar eutmah to do
lluMii much damaii'C. and only two or three were
wdiinded. The Canadian troops consisted of
the Montreal Garrison Artill(>ry and Engineers,
tlic Huntingdon ]5order(>rs, and a portion of the
until retiulars. the whole uiuler the command
lit ('(d. r.agot. The Borderers had to deploy
into an oi)eii liidd to attacdc. and the Fenians,
wlui iiidd a strong' position, miuht have made a
liiiod defence if they had lia<l any pluck, hut
tlu'v hadn't, and, getting friuhtened at the
sti'Mdy hearing of the Borderers, began to run
iiway almost hei'ore a shot was fired. This skir-
mish liiiislicd the "invasion,'' which i)roved a
niDst contemptible liz/le from lirst to last, as far
:i>i tlie invaders were con<'erned, and showed
h"\v imimptly and with what ease (mr volun-
teers c(puid repulse any such wanton attacks,
file driving of the invaders from the .soil of
Canada was done by our brave volunteers alone,
le wliiiiii (leneral Lindsay paid the following
.iust Irihnle in General Orders of fourth June :
"<'aiiiid;i has been once more invaded by a body
f'l K(>iiians. who arc citizmis of tht> Thiited
folates, and who have again taken advantage of
till' iiisiiiiitions of that country, to move without
•lisgiiise. a, large body of men and warlike stores
'" tlie Missisijuoi and JIuntingdon frontier, for
I'le iMirpose of lev ying war upini a peaceful

community. From both lhe.se points invading
forces have been instantly driven with loss (and
in the confusion throwing awav arms, ammuni-
tion and clothing) into the United States. Acting
with scrupulous regard for the inviolability dl'
the neighboring territory the troop.s were
ordere<l to halt, even thoimh in pursuit, upon
the l)order. The result of th(> whole all'air is
entirely due to the promptitude with whicii the
militia respomled to the call to arms, and to the
rapidity with v\hich their movements to the
front were carried out, ami the sidf-rcliance and
steadiness shown l)y this foi'ce, as well as the
armed inhabitants on the frontier. The regular
troops were at hand in support, ready to move,
had it been necessary, to wherever the main
attack might be d(^vidoped. Th*- proclamation
of General Grant and the arrival of Federal
troops at St. Albans and Malone were too late
to i>revent the collection and transfer of war-
like stores, or an inroad into Camubi. The
reproach of the invaded British territory and
the dread of insult and robbery have thus been
removed by a handful oi Canadians, and the
Lieutenant-General does not doubt that such
services will receive tlie recognition of the
Imperial Government. The Lieutenant-tJeneral
conurat (dates the militia upon this exhibit! .ii
of their promptness, discipline and training,
and in dismissing the men to their homes he
bids tlnnii carrv with them the assurance that
their manly spirit is a guarantee lor the defence
of Canada."

7. — With th(> rei>ulse at Holhrook's. the
demoralization of the Fenians Ix'came com-
lete A large number ol I'nited ,,,,,, ,

^ I'.llij nl thf r;ll.|.

States troops, some six hundred, ,!'i';i',',''' "I'l'i'.'in'i'.'ill'iit
had by this tim." (the -JSth) ii»' 'i'"'-"-
arrived on the frontier, and nnmy of the
" (fenerals" and other prominent leaders
amongst the Fenians arrested, some of whom
were bailed, and others committed to jail. IjarL;e
seizures of arms, ammunition, (dothiim-, iScc,
were ma<le, for, by some womlerful instinct, the
Fnited States authorities could lind thesi' things
after the trouble was over, althouiih none coiUd
be fouiul before, notwilhstandinu' the fact that

.Hi

:-^

*< I ;i:

11 f t. ■ 5: i

172

TUTTLK'S IIISTOIiY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

thfi Fenians had been coUootin'!^ Ihorn lor
wci'ks. The Imlk ol' tho maniuders were too
poor to pay thi'ir railway lares home, and hud to
g(it away anyhow they could, a great many
being sent away " at the jmblie exi>ense" to yet
rid ol them, and the i)eopl<! ol' St. Albans and
Malone were most heartily glad to have them
go. In a tew days i)eaie and (jniet was restored
on the I'rontier, the Canadian troops withdrawn,
and linally dismissed to their homes on the
third of .June. The Fenians certainly had
nothing to be i)roud ol" in their ignominious
defeat, and richly deserved the remark of
General Foster, that the letters I. K. A. (Irish
Rei)ublican Army), stamped on their buttons,
meant " I ran away " On the lirst of June the
oOth Battalion (Huntingdon IJorderers) was
im'scnted with a staml of colors, General
Lindsay and Prince Arthur being i)resenl and
making brief addresses to the men, com-
l)limenting them on their gallant conduit. In
the cour.se of his remarks General Lindsay
said: "The Fresideiit of the United States
issued a proclamation, but it was no use to
y(m ; it did not appear until it was too late, and
you and your comrades at Missisqiu>i had to do
the work yourselves until United States troops
were sent to S(. Albans, Malone, .vnd, 1 believe,
a few to the I'rontier, but they were of no use to
you. They did not ])revent the Fenians enter-
ing your country, and the gallantry of your
militia alone did the work." These remarks
gave areat umbrage to a portion of the press in
England, which could not be servile enough in
its laudations of the prompt interference of the
Fniled Slates authorities; but they were just
and well deserved, for the United States Govern-
ment made no ell'ort whatever to prevent (he
invasion, and I'resident Grant did not even
issue his ])roclamation until it was too late to be
of any service, and the United States troops did
not arrive until three days after the Fenians had
been l)eaten back into the United Stati's by the
Canadian militia ; lltKn they vvere very uselul,
but it was nioie in protecting their own peojjlc
from robbery and violence, at th" hands of the
miserable rabble, than in doing any serviie to

(\iiuida. O'Neill, Starr, Thompson, and a lew
others amongst the leaders of the Fenians, were
tried at lUirliimto i and Uanandaigua, before
Judge VVoodrulf, of the United States Ciicuit
Court, f(mnd guilty of breaches of the neutrality
law^s, aiul sentenced to various short terni.s of
imprisonment and small lines, but were ahiiosf
immediately "i)ardoned" by the President. And
so ended the last attempt of the Fenians to
invade Canada.

CHAPTER XVII.

TIIK (iOVKRN.MKNT OF SIR JOHN Y()l\(i_
TllK K.XI'HDITION TO RED RIVKR, lsT(i.

1. A MiMT.VltY lixi'KDITION TO RkD KlVKR
l)KTKRMINI':i) ().\. — '^ AUHIVAr. OK GkNKUAI,

Lindsay. Tiik tkkms o.n which thk E\i'i>

UITUiN WAS SKNT. — :!. Pl!EI'Al?ATIONS Ki)lt Till-:
E.XPKIIITID.N. — 4. TlIK MIMTIA CONTl.NdKNT.
DiFKU'UI/rV IN KlLLINCi tiUK.HKC BaTTAI.IuN.
— ."). Col l,E(Tl.\(i sri'I'T.IKS. CoLONKI, Wnl.-
SELHY AIM'oliNTKD TO COM.MA.N'D TIIKE Xl'KDl-
TION. — (!. TlIK liOUTE OF TIIK Exi'EDITlo.V.

Cai'sk ok dki-ay. — 7. Stoppaok ok tiik

" ClIICOltA ■' AT TIIK SaULT STK. MaUIK CA.NAI,.

— 8. TiiK "Chicoka" allowku th rA.ss
Tiiiiouoii THE canai,. — 'J. First ahkivai, m'
TROOPS at PiiiNCK Arthur's La.\diN(i. L'on-

DITloX OF TIIK ROAD TO SlIKHANDOWAN.— 10.
Coh. VVOLSEIiKY UKCiDKS TO SEND TIIK lioATS
HY W.VY OK THK KA-MINISTIQI'IA RiVKI!. -H.

The causes ok i)ki,ay as kxpkained dy Mk.
Dawso.v a.M) Coi.. W'oi.ski.ky.— 12. The

START KROMShEHANDOWAN ON IOTH JlliV.—

\-\. Thk Expedition on its way. Daily
ROUTINE.— 14. Arrival at Fort Fra.mi,-*.
Statk ok akkairs in the Skttlkment.—
15. i''Ro.M Fort Francis to Rat Portaiu:.—
10. Tiik t<iiksomk .iocunky down tiik Wi.n-
NiPKo. — AitRivAL AT Stone Fort. — 17. .Vi.'iti-

VAL OF TIIK liXPEDITION AT KoRT (.lAKliY.
PeacKKUL OCCUPATION OF THE FoRT. lloI,<T-;

iNo OF THE Union Jack. — 18. The tuiu.mimi ,

(ioVKKNMKNT OF SI l>' .KHIN YOlXC TIIK KXI'KDITION TU IfKI) l.'l\ Ki;. ISTH.

(>V I'KACK. TllH IIKALTII tiK TlIK TUOnl'S.

Ti:Mi'i:i!ANt'i:. — lii. Thk i)iKKi(;i'i;r position
(iK('orA)NEi,Woi,si;riKY. No en ii, authority.

—20. WiTHDKAWAIi OK TIIK IIKCH'I<A1!S Kllo.M
1mi|!T (i-AKIIY. ("ol-O.NEL Wol-Sl',l,KV"s STKIC-
rui!i;s ON THK DoMI.NIoN G( n'KR.VM lv\T.
1. — As soon as tlic Gov»>viuatMil hcciimc coii-
\ iiici'd Ihiit tht> Rod River Tit'l)ellioti was likely
toassmiu' iivave proportions, pre-

.Milihirv cspi'ililiiiii . ' , . ,,

t„n,.i liiMi- piiratioiis lor s('iiaini>' a lorcc to

tho feettlemciil, il necessary, on

the opening- of navigation, were (juietly pro.ssed

' iiuward, and were in (juite an advanced state
hciure it was nenerally known that any i>repar-
ations were beinu' made at all, and lony bel'oro
it was positively decided that an expedition
would he ah.sohitely neces.sary. The news that
lloii. Mr. Macdougall had hei-n stopped at I'em-
l)ina on -'Ust October, 18(J9, was telegraphed to
Karl (Jranvilli' on i-'ird Novein})er , a.idonthe
2i)lli another telegram was sent from the
(lOVernor-General. saying that the Canadian

j Government declined to accept the transferor
tlie Territory until ordi'r was restored and
pt'acral)le possession given, and asking that the

I Proilamation ol' the transfer, which it had been
agreed should be machMtn tho lirst of December,
should be postponed. After some little negoti-
ation this was agreed to, and both the Imi)erial
and Douiinion Governments set them.selves
eariie,siiy to work to restore order, as already
related in a preeeding Chapter. Whilst en-
deavouring in every way, however, to peace-
fully settle the troubles by the negotiations of
Coiunii.ssioners, representations were made by
the Dominion Government to the Imperial
authorities that the interpo.silion of the military
miaht he necessary, and, on the r)th March, 1870,
Karl (Iranville telegrai)hed to .Sir John Yoiinu'
a.s Ibllows: — "Her Majesty's Government will
i;ive proposed military assistance, jirovided
rea,Miuahle terms are granted lied River Sett lers,
and i)rovided ytuir Government enable Her

I ^hiji stys Government to proclaim the transfer
ol the Territory simultaneously with the inove-
laeiitof the Force."' These terms were accei)ted
and Lieutenaut-General Sir James l^indsay was

sent out to take command of the Forces. In
order to fa<"ilitate the operations, and to obviate
the delay which would necessarily arise if the
arrangements between the two Governments
were conducted by telegrai>h or despatch, Earl
(JranviUe commissioned Sir Clinton Murdoch,
who was on his way to Washington, to consult
with Sir John Young as to details, and thus
save time, as it was determined that if the troops
had to go to lied River they must i)e l)a(k in
time to return to England before the winter set
in, in accordaiic*^ with the proposed withdiawal
of the troop.s — of which we will treat in the
next chapttM'.^'* In the instructions to Sir Clinton,
I'^arl Granville said, " Troops should not be
empl()yed in forcing the Sovereignty of Canada
on the population, should they refuse to admit
it," and this instruction was thorouuhly adhered

•Tliu followinit is ii m\>y of m contiiUMitiiil ilcfinilcti IVoin Ivirl lininvillo
tuSir.lolin Voun.?, on thi' suli.iect iil'Sir Clint. in .Nlur.lui'h'.^ iiiisfidii :—

DuHNiM. Siici.Kr, j.',nl .Maii'li, ISTil.

StR,— A» tlie .len.-ion iiii|>riiahi'M iil wliii'li il will lic' p..-sili!i' t" il<'sMit('li
troiijis III the l{"il Kivor .■^ottlfiiionl, I lliul iii.\soll' Piiiliiirrii.<si'il l.y thci
wani ol exi>lii-it iiil'iTiiiDtion n'SjiLH-liiiK tl)C views ol' ytnir Uuveriinioiit on
lUiittL'r.H whicli oiiKlit to liL' ile.'i, It'll on bol'nri! Ilt'i" Muju.sty'?' (lovurntneiil
takod jiiirt in snoli iin expeililiin. .Anion.; these lire : The time at whieh
tlie (.'iinmlian Ocvi'rnnu'nt will he prepaieil to take over the lliiil.oi)'.<
l!ay territory ; the iin-anKoincnts lor Kovernini; it ilnrinK the short interval
hetween it.s surruinler by the Coni|iany aiiil its anne.xation to Camilla : the
time of its union with Canail i : the a|)|Mirtioninent of the cost of the expe-
ilition, if it should lie foiiiiil ahsoiulely necessary to semi oih' : anil ihi'
arraiiKOinents for provisioning: the Imiierial troojis diiriiiK the lour inotiths
of their sojourn in the Ueil River .Settlement. All these are inaiters on
whieh inisapprohension lU'iy exist, or ililferenees arise ; ami I am very
.ippreheiisive loi^t. at a eritii-al inoincn:, Her .Miije.sty't) lio\crnini'iit may
he plaeeil uiuler the alternative of ilelayinif an operation in wliii-h time is
ot paramount i in porta nee, ur of refusing; their assistaiiee. or of Kivin^Mlial
assislaiiee without any as nranee that what they hohl to he its inili-|iens-
able eontlit'ons are aerepteil by the iiovernmeut of the Ihnninion The
discussion of siieh ipiest'ons eaniiot lo eondueled by telcfratn. and it
would be tot) late t ronilnet them by despati'li, evi'n if the iiiformaiiDii
as yet received from you indie. tted the t>oints to whieli I otiKht (o address
myself. It is, therefore, fottiinate that 1 amahie to eommiinicato with
you more fully than could be done by writiim, throuKh Sir Clinton Mur-
d eh, the Chairuian of the lOmikM'ation Hoard, who is ahoiit to iirocecd, at
the Karl of i!?larondoirs re luest. to \\'ashin.rlon. to ncLMiti.ite a convention
with the liovernintnl of the United .Stales rcspeelim.' ' Nir e irriinie of pii.s-
senKer.s, and has hastened his journey in order to be aiile (o visit Ottawa
on his way. While in .\merica 1 have instructed him lo obtain all the
inlbriualion he can e.incerniiiit the workiiitf of the prcseul regulations
respectiuK I'lniitralion to i;an Ilia, and in paiticular emi 'erjiini,' the Free
llraiil .system, which is an oliject of eonsideralile iiiliTest at pr.'-cut in
this country, liiil 1 have also inl'orinod him unreservedly of ihe vii'ws ol
Her .\lajosly'« Oovcrn'oent in rebition to the lied liiver Settlement ; and
1 think that if, after free eommnnicalion with him. you entertain any
aiiprehonsion as to the conclusion ol ex|ilieit and salislaetnry arraiiw
montii, especially with reiturd to the iinesti.ins to w icli I have above
adverted, you will beat lihcrly to detain biiii at Ottawa until all sneh
apprehensions are removed.

I have, .Vc,

(mA.NViMdi;.

Sir.loiix Vol Ml, Hart., (I.e. II.,
in:, \ii., iiO-

\ m

il ;!lrL

V ■

i: ''Pi, rib

ij:ii I

4 w

».''> !

! ■!

^ ' I V

171

TrTTMVS IIISTOIIY OF TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA.

to, so tlmt, it vviis only al'tor iiiTaiint'jnc-nls hsul
hci'ii very iicMiIy coiinjlclcd with thf Delegates,
ivml tli«'rr scciiii'd to ln' cvfiy prohiibilit.y iJiiit
CaiiiMliiiii autlioiity would l>v (|uiotly ackiiovv-
it'dut'd, lliat liiial oonsont to the use o|' the
ImiM-rial Iroops was givi'ii.

2.— On 111.' .same day (J!id March) that
insliTiclions wi'ic issm-d l)y Earl (iraiivillf to
. . , ,,, , Sir Clinton Murdoch, a lotttM-

Arrival i»i < ii'iiiT.-il •

'n'whi'iiTi',?'' ''■'■'''' was achlrcsscd to (he War ( XRcc
KM„.,ii,i..M„,,s-,.„i. ,,^, the Colonial Sccr.'tarv, on ihc

su])j('il ol' till' proposed expedition, in which
the loUowing- i)araii'raph occurs: "General
Uudsay will consult Sir J. Younu' with regard
to the selection of the iorce itseli', and ol' th(>
ollicer who is to command it, on wIiomc lirniiu?ss,
prudence and jiuliiiiient much may de;)end.
The selection ol' the ollicer will he still more
important il", as is possil)le, tht> C.uiadian (lov-
erument shoidd desire him to act as the iirst
Civil Licuteiiant-Governcu' ol' the district." We
shall have to rel'er to this jjaragraph I'urthor
on. (leneral Lindsay arrived in Canada on the
.")th April, and at once i)ut himsell" in com-
munication with the Goveriior-tieneral, aiul th(^
composition ol' the force was ai>'reed on. At iirst
it was proposed to send 2<)0 to 2'>() regulars, and
ahoi't Too volunteers, the Dominion (lovern-
mciil jiayiuL;- Ihree-iourths of the expense; hut,
on the recommendation ol' Ceneral Lindsay,
and witli the consent ol' the IJritish (iovernment,
the numhi'r of regulars was im'reased to o'.iO,
the Canadian Government payin<? the expense
ol' all over SoO. The increa.se was considered
neccs.sary, as il was determined to leave small
•garrisons at Tliunder ]5ay and Kort Francis to
uuard ll.c stores which would he kept at those
places. On the i^ird April E.irl (iranville sent
(he roUowiiiL!; tele^'iam to Sir.Iohn Younu': "On
the roUowiuy- conditions troojjs may advance; —

I. Ros(> to he authorised to pay , €300,000 at
once, and her Majesty's Government to he at
liherty to make Iransl'ers hel'ore the end ol' June.

II. Her Majesty's Governuwut to pay expense
ol' ]»ritish troops only, not exi'eedin<>' 250, and
Canadian (iovernment the rest, sending at least
r)00 trained men.

III. Caiuvdiau Government to accept deci.'siou
of Her Majesty's Government on all disputed
points ol' tile Settlers" Mill of Kights.

IV. Military arranii'ements to he to the s„.;s-
f'action ol" (leneral Lindsay." Oil the rourih oi
May instructions were sent to Sir John Ro.se to
pay over the ,t:500,000 to the Hudson's Mi.y
Company (which was dcme on the (devcniii),
and on the sixth a telegram was .sent hv l']:iri
Granville to Sir John Young that the troops
may pioceed.

;{. — Meanwhile cveiything was being pre-
pared for the intended expedition. Earlv in
the winter instructi(ms were „ . , ,

I'M'I'iinit (111- 1. 11- ilii

given hy the Department of ''•"" '""•

I'nhlic Works to Mr. S. J. Dawson to uel every-
thing ill readiness so that operations co'dd he
<'ommenced as .soon as navigation opened. It
was decided that thi^ route followed should he
that formerly adopted hy the North- West Com-
pany, before its amalgamation with the Hudson'-i
IJay Company, by way of Lake Superior, Lake
Shebandowan and the lakes and rivers U>
Fort Garry. This route had not been used tor
trallic for a long while. Lit it had been carel'ulJv
examined during the pievious years by Mr.
Dawson, with a view of oi)ening communication
with the North-West through Canadian territory,
and a road from Fort William, on Thunder \\a\ ,
to Lake Shebandowan had been laid oiil and
more than half completed, while, at the otiier
end of the route, the Government surveviM>
under Mr. Snow, had laid out a road from Win-
nipeg to the North-West corner of the Lake ol'
the Woods, and this was, also, in course of cmi-
struction. I']arly in January contracts for buiM-
ing one hundred boats, suitable for lake a ml
river navigation, were given out to vaiious bout
builders lliroughont Ontario and (Quebec, and
the work was pushed rapidly on during the
winter.* Tlie boats varied in length from
2') to '.)'■) feet, witii a Itreadth of beam from li m

•Till' liii:lts were Imilt liy (lie i'linawilltf luirlic-i lll tlu' liltU'r- ii.'llili'il :
Siiiiiiii'l l.i'Vfs. 'I'liniiito. I'l ; .liihii Cli'iiili'iiiiiiiif. 'ri>i'i>iilii..'l: .Inliii CImiI'-

!!• rrio, .'i; Williiini WmII, C.illiiiKW.icnl, '.i : II. lie it, CnMiiiiiH i. i':

iM.'ii'liii Sti'lly. nuiiiilliMi. I: I is Sliikliinii, Si. I'lithoiiiiii.". i>: Al< v.<ii'I>m

Alllli^•, I'nrl DiiMiMii.H,., I; W. Wiiki'il.v, I'.Ml n.inioii-ir.a; .r. .Mrl'i

I'lii'l L)alli>^.i.si>!, 1 ; liciiiRii Aiill, Wi'lliiml, 1(1; .M. Miiri'h, Owiiii SuiiimI. ''

COVHilNMHNT OF SIW JOHN YorN(i -TIJK KXPKDITION To Hi;i» JnVKR. ISTn.

175

7J liiit, (l('i)th IVorii ;!0 to •">") inches, iiud wcro
, raiitihlc of (;arvyini>' Iroia twelve to lilteou mon j,
1111(1 their outlitN, iind Iroiu 21 to 4 tons oi'
livjnlit : luul it heint^ ai'torwiinls t'oimcl that
11 L;n'Mter number would be recjuirod, forty
Mdilitiiiiiul boats were ordered. Work on the
Tliundcr Bay road was also pushed forward
ii> iiiuih as the season and tho nature of the
loc'litv would permit, and the l)ridges com-
l)l( i,mI as far as possible. As it was found that
the iiisuiacnts might atlemi)t to tamper with
I 111' Saiteaux Indians, throuah whose territory
the expiditioii would have to pass, a trusty agent
WHS sent irom fort William to Fort Francis
to endeavour to keej) up friendly relations with
tiiat tribe. \ larn'i' numl)er of voi/a'^-eiin were
, iiiso eiiiiaged to maiuiiie aiul navigate the boats,
! iiiul iiriaimements made for moving the force
to Tliuiider Bay as soon as navigation ::.hould
be open.

4. — (Irave apprehensions were entertained as
to ihe practicability of standing a large l)ody of

I |.|„, jiiiiij. troops by the proposed route,

' IS:^!:*:!!^.. which, tor a distance of two

'■'" " hundred miles, had never been

travei-.scd by any vessel larger or stronger than

a l);irk canoi'; aiul the chief ofiicers of the

Hudson's 15ay Company, who w^'re supiwsed to

111' \V(dl acquainted with the country, had

(Icrhired it to be imin'actieable for their boats.

So liviieial was this opinion as to the character

of tlie route, by Lake tSuperior, and so lirmly

'\ lixed had it beconu'. that the Imperial Govern-

iiuiit on two occasions sent troops by way of

, Hudson's Bay to Fort (larry, onei' in 184ti, when

! Colonel Crol'ton led a wing of the Sixtieth from

j York Factory, and again, in 18.")7, when some

; companies of the Canadian liilles were sent by

the .same route. This belief was not, however,

I shared by Colonel Crol'ton, who comnuuuled

liie expedition of 1. 4t!, and in his testimony

I hi lore ii Parlianu'iitary Committee in England,

I 111 ls,'(7, he unhesitatingly pronounced in favor

I ol ihe route from Fort William to Fort Garry

•M. o'i;,,n„;,|,, Kiii^-si,,,,, ,-,; a. Mcroikcll, KiiiifsliMi, 7; W. C. Kiui|>|>.
kiim.'loii. I; W. I'liwor ,V' (!o., Kiiiitslciii, J ; viirinus iiiirlics iil IfImiuI iil
"rlr.iiis, ic. Ti>liil, l(i'.>.

ii'. preference to the route from York Factory,
saying that he had been over both, and he con-
sidered that it was far easier to take troo|)s by
the former than the latter. Mr. Dawson,
also, was very coniiileiit as to Ihe practicability
of the route, and the result showed thiit he was
({uite correct in his assertion that troops could
be taken in that way without any insurmount-
able dilheidty. On the sixteenth of April an
Order in Council was pa.ssed providing for the
raising, arming and eipiipping of the militia Ibrce
which was to form part of the expeclition. Tliis
force, it was dettn'miiieil, should consist of two
battalions, ol i!-")!) nrn-commissionetl oiiicers and :
men each, one to be taken from Ontario and one
from <Juebec. It was proposeil to lake volun-
teers Irom each of the seven Military Districts
iu the l'(dlowing proportions : one company
from No. 4 District; two companies, each from
Xos. 1, 2, ;>, '), (!, and three coiu|)anies I'ldui
No. 7; the men all to rendezvous at Toronto,
proceed thence by rail to Collingwood, aiul
from that point em])ark for Thun<b'r Kay by the
steamers Cuioira "and Algonui which had btten
chartered by Ihe (lovernnu'iit for that purpose. .
The men were furnished with a complete out lit
and a free kit. The intention in having one
battalion from each Province was, doubtless,
that the French Canadian Catholics of (iuel)ec
might be equally represented with the English
I'rotestants of Ontario ; but this design failed on
account of the reluctance of the Freiudi Cana-
dians to volunteer. The French Canadians
were generally ojtposed to any expedition at all,
and refused to join it from tlu^ fe;ir that they
might be called on to light their c(»n/in/ri(>f-< in
Red River. The French Canadian nu'ml)ers of
the Cabinet were not very hearty in their sup-
port of the expedition ; tht* French Canadian
members of the House, as a geiieral thing, were
opposed to an expedition, thinking it an un-
necessary display of force for ni> purpose, as the
French Half!)reeds in the Settlement would
oiler no resistance to the authority of Canada if
they were fairly treated; and the peoi)le of
Quebec generally determined that, if they could
not prevent the expedition, they would, at least,

TinTI.KS HISTORY OK THK DOMINION oK CANAhA.

not tiiki' i>iul in il ; and so tlm Quohcc bntlalion
was very slow in luiininii, and had, a* last, to }>»'
lillcd np with discharged men IVoni Ihi' Ifoyal
Canadian liillcs and vohmtotMs iiom Onlaiio.
iJencial l.indsay in a n'j)ort to the War Oliitc,
dated 'JTth May, says: — "Tlie division ol' the
Militia portion ol' the Fune into iwo hattalions,
one I'roin (hitario, the other IVom (^uebee. and
the apportionment of the niimln-r ol' volunteers
required (700) l)elween seven Militia Districts
in the Provinces ol' Ontario and (Quebec was, 1
presume, made lor sectional and reliiiious rea-
sons. This political measure has greatly delayeil
•' " I'ormation ol' the Quebec IJattalion, which,
as I write, still wants 58 to comi)lete, though
I have assisted it in every possil)le way by lend-
ing;' Stali'-Sersieants from the Tloyal Canadian
U'illes and by hastening the disi harge ol' other
men ol' that Corps, that thoy miiiht volunteer
to the Militia I'or the expedition. 01' the 2!t2
men in its ranks, not more than one-rourth, at
most, are French Canadians.*

5. — As early as the eleventl ol' March an
Order in Council was passed authorizing the
,, „ ,. ,. imrchase ol' i)rovisions lor the

!M!lHSnlo"'''M'''m- proposed expedition, and Lieut.-

'"""'""•''•-'" '"""• Colonel Wiley, ol' the Militia

Dei)artmeiit was entrusted with this duty, which
he performed .so well that by the twelfth of
April he had made arrangements for having the

•Tin' folldwiiiK roMirii I'l' lirill iinulu'.W.v As':-iH(jint ItriKaile .Mn.inr
\'\ MiM-U'iiil, on J.trtt .Itiiio, IHTII. Kives the niitiniinl ty and rolittion (i
t))ittiilii'iiti ; —

.\aiiii\.\ijtv. bl liiitl. 2ni

1. lintfli^i T'l

2. Irii<h •!'.>

■lanios
f botli

I Halt.
71

:i. Ki-Dl.'h

I. liiini ill Ciiniul:i iil—

(a.) I'JiiKlixli paroijts
(1).) Irifh
(0.) Scutch

I.XI

Intt

•Jii.i
ItiUt.

.%•>

(Vi

i;i)

T). Itorn i)t' I'^nttlif^ti-^pcaliinK CiiniKliaii parcnih-

(i. Itorii itt KroDcli-CaiuHliaii iiarunln

V. FnrciKiior.", hut natural zimI Hrilicli KuUicctn

S. Ilrili.''li HUll.lovt^', hul ullnruign imruntx

ItKI.KJKlX.

I. l'iipto,«tanl'.

1'. Uoinan Cathulic.

;);;

llvl

III

.'I

3
I

356

;wj

■.m

•This, prosuinalply. ini'luilis all ilcniiininalinn)' BXt'opI Itnniaii Cal idlii'O.
-Ki..

waggons, horses, oxen, hay, iVc, provided, ami
had made contracts for the supply of llonr. pork
and other arti.des needed for the expcdilicui.*
As soon as it was .settled that Imperial tmops
would form a portion of t!ie expedition, if it
went. Assistant Controller Irving was sent rroin
l']iigland to take ehariiv of the Control l)r|i;nt-
meiit, aiul arrived in Canada on tin; lifteeinli of
April. On the twenty-second tenders lor siip-
jilics were advertised for and eontrMits
awarded on the second and third of May. lu
his ollicial report Assistant Controller Irviiiir
says: "The supplies obtained were reasonahlc
in cost, and gave entire satisfaction tlinmulirtut
the expedition ;" and Colonel Wolseley i. his
rcjiort to the Military Secretary, Montreal, dated
twenty-sixth of September, 1S70, says: '■ 1 can
conlid.ently say that no body of lighting men
on service were e\ er better fed. or their wiint.s
belter i>rovided for, than were those comprising
the Red River force." There has been con-
siderable disposition in some (|uarter8 to throw
blame on the (^uiadian authorities for mis-
management in connection with the expedition;
but il is well to note that the n//iri(il re|;orts do
not bear out these charges, exi-ept in one iiistanco,
with regaril to horses and collars, whicl. we will
refer to presently. On liie eleventh o'' April,
in his lirst communication to the Governor-
General, GeniM-al Lindsay had sugiicstcd the
the name of Colonel Wolseley, Di-puty Quarter-
master-General in British North America, as

'. Commander of the Forces, which recommemlii-

' tion was accei)led and Colonel Wolseley up-
pointed. He left Moiitre ..1 on lb- fourth of May,
and wi'ut through to Collingwood to inspect the
pn'i>arations for embarkation there, and to pro-

' ceed to Thunder Jiay, for which jilace some of
the stores and provisions had already started.

i (i. — Everything connected with the expedilioii
was now being pushed forward with the utnmsl

• Ily Ciiliinol Wilny'n icpiirl lo (ionnral l.iiiijsfty, dalnil ll!lli .Vpril, il
«I)|i(iar« thai th« lollowinK Knoil« had liucii ciinlractud liir liy liiiii -.I'm'
hiirrelf 111' Hour ; l.Vim liarrolcof pork ; :;ii \vak'Kon,.p ; :)il sols iil liaint'w ; 1"
carls; 10 scis ul'liarnus; 70 liorHcs ; '.'I nxcii ; Vi) Ions ot' hay ; li.in"
huslu'ls of (lals. As llic«<i wiTu llui liulli I'l the miuds ri'i|ui:iMl il is hiutily
cruditaldi! In C'ldonid Wih'y Unit hiilli Ow Cciminaniliiid nllici-r and llii'
(Jonlrai'l iillii'or shniilil iixpriiss lln'in.-tlvi's as .-n well plcascl wiililla'
iiuality id Ihu Ki"<ds .su|i|ilicd.

(led, and
i>ur. pink
('(liliipii*
al Irooiis
idii, ir it
<('iil IVdiu

.1 I)rl.;iit-

ricciiiii oi

s I'or Ml)!-
colli nuts
Mi.y. Ill
cv Irving-
I'li-^oiialiL'

iVnUlilliilll

Icy i, li^
rcal,(l;!li'<l
s : " 1 1 nil
itiii!'' iiii'ii
U'ir wauls
oiiiprising
been con-
i to throw

for iiiis-
ipi'ditioii;
rcp.Dvls no

iii.stani't',
\vr will

of April,

(iviMiior-

t.MJ 111.'

(^uarlcr-

lU'rica. as

iiini'nda-

1-y ap-

1 of May,

spcct lllf

I to pro-

SOllK' of

tart ml.
xpcdilioii

10 Ullliosl

IJlh Arril, il

l.y him -.I'l'l'

„r liiini.-.-; 1"

,il' h:i,v ; '',i«"
:imI il i^ liiililv
ollio-r iiii'l <li>'
■llSOil Willi tli>'

("Ton KIJNMKNT OI" Sli; .lOlIN VoINC TllK KXPKIHTION TO KKD KlVKi;, JSTO. I'

' Tlio nulli'"! Ill'
K\|>nlilh>ll
Call-. ■■! iJi'lii.V'

rapidity: volf.ntoois wen' bciiiyr
oiii()lli'd,i'(|uippt'd and diillod at
Toronto ; stores and provisions
wiMc hi'iii^' follocted as rapidly sin possible at
Collinuwood, aiiii, on the :{rd oi' May the
stiaiiii'r Aliitimii Icjt I'or l-'ort William with i
caii;o oi' stores and 140 voi/it'^eiiri^ and workmen
to uo on with the road from Tliuii(h-r IJay to
Like Sheliandowiui. It will he us well here to
bii 'lly sketch the route to ho lollowod to roach
I'ort G«iTy from Toronto, the whole distanee
hi'inu' about 11')!' miles. The '.irst !»4 miles
Iroiii 'i'oronto to CoUino'Wood was to bo done by
rail. Iroin ('ollin,a;wood io Fort WiHijun on
Tliiiiider Bay, Lake Superior, M\ iinies, \> as by
steamer ; I'rom theiiee to Shel)andowaii Lake, 48
miles, by tl>e road which Mr. Dawson had
partly oomploted ; and IVom LakoShobandowan,
bv way oi' numerous lakes and rivers, and over
fori \-se\ I'll portau'es, a distance ol' about 470
iiiilfs, to l''ort (Jarry. The task was a diliiiuH
oiii' and could only be accomplished by pluck.
pi'iseverance and hard work. The most
dillicull portion ol' the route was the Ibrty-
I'iirlii miles intovvenin^' ])etvveeii Fort William
and Lake Shebaiidowan, and it was here
thai the i>reat delay to the expedition
iMvurred. The ("ommaiider ol' the expedition
Iried to blame llie Dominion Government for
this delay, even o()iiin' so I'ar — anonymously — as
to rliar<>-e the Minister of rublie Works (Hon.
II. \j. Lano'ovin) with attompting' to prevent the
I expi'dition by not havinu,' the road completed,*
! ''Ill Mr. S. ,1. Dawson, iSuperintendont of the
; load, and many others who accompanied the
I'xpeditioii, laid the blame on Colonel Wolseh-y,
who would not carry out the programme as
oriiiiiially made out, but varied it by having
the boats dragged up the Kaminisliquia lliver

' *"Tlii} i'f)n:«trii(itinn of tliia muit WftH umlor tlio miiiorintoiuKMioo nf tlic

' Piililii- Work.s Dti|iartiiu'iit, tho Kontloiiiiin rfiiresuiitiiiK which in tliu

-Miiiii-try wii>' a Kroni'h-Ciiiiiuliah, iiiiil known til ho hoiirtiiiiil ,^m:' witti

Ihr I'liislly party in tjiiuhcc. anil Ihoicl'iiro iiniMt laviiriibly ' n'linml In

Kid .Mi'ii III' a !iui<iii>'iiiu.'< turn nl' niinil liuKHn In siiy that Iho lactuf

I Ihiiro liciiit' no mail ri'iiily I'lir imr ailviin™ was (iiirl anil paiccl of a luili-

, lii'iilsriieiiii' wlieriihy tlio ilia larlnni ul' Iho oxpej tinn niiKht liii Htoppcil

; allnKi'iliiM-." Kxliaot rrniii an arlii'U' onlilloil " Narralivu ol' tho Hod

j lli^'i'r K\|>oili(iiin,"piililifihoil in !)liifkwi>:,tl'H .l/nfouiiiiliir January, INTl,

I; mliiiillril to h.ivo liuiMiwritlrii by Culonol Wnl.soloy.

instead ol" completing tho road, and then ha\ ing
tho l)oats taken over it by waggon to Sheban-
tlowan Lake. As to tho condition ol" tin- road,
Mr. Dawson, in his official report, says: 'The
distance between these i)laees (rrinco Arthurs
Landing and Lake Shcbandowan) is forty-live
miles by hvnd, l)ut for three miles downwards
from Shebandow^an Lake to a point now called
• Ward's Landiiur, the Matawin River, altlioiuih
presenting a series of shallow rapids, is naviuable
to flat scows, or liglitly loaded l)outs. Wards
' Landing was, therefore, tho point to be attained
I with the road, as from thence to Shebandowan
! Lake material and supplies could be rom eyeil
in scows, which had been provided for Iho
piirpose. The precise distanee between Prince
Arthur's Landing, Thunder Hay and Wards
Landing is forty-one miles and seventy chains,
of which a section of twenty-ei<:ht miles was
\ practicable to horses with waggons, on the
I arrival of the iirst detachment of troops. But,
j for the sake of lucidity in description, let the
I waggon road bi> considered as ending al a place
called tho Matawin Bridge, twontv-iivo miles
from Thunder Hay, as that is the point to w hich
tho waggons, in tho lir.<t instance, actually
came. This waggon road was sii' cecded by
a stretch of twelve miles, roughly opened, to
tho Oskondage, and this, again, by a further
section of four miles ami seventy chains, ending
at "Wards Landing. This latter was b(>ing
cleared on our arrival. There were thus throe
sections of road, more or loss advanced, vi/. :
twenty-live miles of waggon road, followed by
twelve miles of what is known in such cases as
ox-road, and four miles and seventy t hains of
road under process of being opened; in all,
forty-one miles and seventy chains " (V)lonel
Wolselo)', on his arrival, seems to have boon quite
satisfied with the condition of the road, and its
state of progress; for, in his report to General
Lindsay, dated 27th of May, after saying that
he had ridden over tho road, and minutely
describing its condition and what romainod to
bo done to it, ho concludes: " Altogether the
road is better than I expected, although some-
what longer, for instead of being forty it is

•M

m\-

! il

'f u

i I ! J'

m !l

M I

in'

:l A

I7H

TIITLK'S IIISTOltV ol'TIIK hOMINION Ol" ( ANA DA.

Miili)iiiK" (it lhi>
•MMih'i.rH " lit. tilt!
Sii'ilt Slu iMiirid
t'aniit.

I'citiiiiily loiiy-livc or lorty-six miles l((ni>'."
7. — Most, ol our iciulcis iirc douhth'ss ;i\Viirt>
that ('(>lliiii'\\(M><l is sitiiiiti'd on Lakt- ilunni,
iiiid llnl Fort William is on
Lako Superior, ihe two lakes
l)ein<;' roniiected \>y the St. Mary
K'lver, whiili loruis |>art of (he boundary line
helwceii the State ol' Michigan and the Domi-
nion. The river is navinahle except in one
place, where there is a eanal, on the Ameriean
side, two miles and a hull' lony, and all vessels
passiiiii' i'rom one lake into the otluu' have to j
uo tlirou<rh this eanal. < >n account ol" the;
unlrieiidly ieelinu- exisliiu;- helween the i'nited
Slates aiul Great Mrilaiu, and the open sym-
pathy shown hy the I'ormer lor the rehels in
the iNorth West, it was aniiripaled that vessels
earryinjr troops or munitions ol' war mii^ht be
slopped at the Sault, — althou<>h the Amerii'uus
had heen allowed diirinu' their rel)ellion to
transport troojjs as well as warlike material
throu<:;'h our canals — and arranj^'omeiits were
partially ma(h' I'or a i)ortauc road opposite the
canal, hy which the troops could march across
and meet the steamer at the other end ol" the
rapid, she having, in the meanwhile, •••one
through the eanal. The lirst steamer to arrive,
the Algoinii, was allowed to i)ass through
withtnit question, and proceeded on her way to
Fort Willifun, hutdid not return to ("ollingwood,
as it was ihouuht most prudent to keep her on
Lake Sui)erior in the event ol' any trouble
occurring at tiie canal. The wisdom ot this
arrangement was soon shown, I'or when (lie
Chirora arrived at the Sault, on the eleventh
instant, she was n^l'usiMl permission to pass
through, and her stores, tSre., landed on tlio
British side ol' the river, where they had to
1)0 ])ortaged about three miles and reshipped
lor Fort William in the Algoma. This un-
I'riendly act ot the United States authorities
caused considerable inconvenience! and some
delay, but could not materially chock the pro-
gress o)' the expoditirn ; the viti/nn^eun and
workmen brought u]) by the Ckii o at once
went to work to improve the portaii'c road
!ind build a small wharf I'or (ionvoniencci in

landing, and in a short time the goods were
taken across. It had never been inlenijeil h,
attempt to taki> any troops, arms or aniniuiiiliuii
throuuh the canal, but only provision-, \'c.,
and nothing else was on board at the lime .sji,.
was r.'I'used adniittance.

8.— On .,i'nthor May the lirsl dri:i, h-

ment of troop.-, .onsisting or('omi)anies I hikI I.
(hitario Battalion lel'l Toronto

,. /Ill- 1 I ""■ " Clih-i.rii " II

lor (ollingwood, luuler com- .im..»i-.ii .,

,,.,,, 11)1, 1 llll'illk'll lilli iMIIill,

maud ot Colonel Isoulton, and,
about !> p. m. the same eveiiinii', embarked en
the Chirord for Fort William. On arrival ;it
the Sault th(( troops, stores. \'c., were landeii on
the liritish side, and Ihe Chirora taken over la
the canal empty, but was aiiaiii rel'u.seij ad-
mittance. General Cook, who commanded the
American troops stationed at tin- canal wa.s
polite, but very decided in his refusal. lie .said In
Cidonel Houlton, " My instructions are absolute,
nothing whatever conne<led with the lied
Itiver expedition can pass the canal. I iiiii.st,
iherefore, absolutely refuse to let the Chimni
pass through."' The vessel, therefore, returned
to ('ollingwood, and the troops under Colonel
Boulton formed a camp at the Sault to be on
hand to assist in i)ortauinii' stores, t\:c., from liie
Chirora to the A/^oinu. At Ihe same lime more
vessels were chartered to comi)ensale for Ihe
time lost at the i)ortage, so (hat Ihe passage nf
the troops, \'c., I'rom ('ollingwood to lori
William may be delayed as little as possible.
As soon as it bec^anu! known in Ottawa that!
the Chirora had been stopped on her lirsl trij).
Sir John Young laid the circumstances of I lie
case before Sir I'Mward Thornton, the l!riti.>;li
Minister at Washington, and he represented lo
\ the American Government that no attempt had
\ been, or would be, made to pass troojis er
munitions of war through the canal, and tlial
the exjjedition was piindy one of peace, and
\ that vessels ought not to be ])revented rrmii
' taking ordinary freigh'. On this rei)resentaiieM
the em])argo was removed, and the Chiror<i and
other ves.sels wen^ afterwards allowed to pass
through the canal without trouble, tlu^ troops
being landed on the British side and iiuucln'il j

(lov i;i;.\mi;nt or siif .loiiN Yoi'Nci— tiik kxi'KDItion to i;i;|) i.mvki,', i^T".

;l(•|■|1^^ lllO portilU*'. C(lllsi(l('lill)U> ValUilt)l<' ( iiiio

Ii;i(| hi'i'ii lost, liowfvt'r, and lliis was ilic lirsl
ilici k In tlu' |>r()iiri's8 ol' Ihf cxiicdition.

!•— On (he S(li of Miiy the Ahj^otini ;iniv<'il
! lit Fort Williiiin wilh a poition ol' Mr. Dawson's

lir-i .iiiv.ih.tii; ^ vi>!/iif!;e.i(rs and workmen, wlio

I 'imL-'. ('MM.iiiiuii went into lanip ahoul tour niili's

siiii..iM.i..«.iM. I'roin Fori William, when' tin'

tiTiiiiiius ol' lilt' road to Sh('l>andowan was, and
soiiii i:(>t lo work on tin* road, i'rcsli arrivals
('(iiislaiitly iiUi>'Ui(!ntinu' tlic number. ( >n lite
lilsl May Company (J, ol Ihc Odtli IJillcs, left
CdlliMiiWOod in the Clnrorit, Colonel Wolscdey
and stair also goinu' on th« .same trip. The
Sault was reached on the 'Jord, and the camp
iilpiive l<'ort \Villiam on the -JSth, this Ijeinj"- the
liisl (lelachnient of soldiers to reaeh this point.
i p to this lime tho (3amp had heen de.signated
as (lovernment l,andin<^-, hut Colonel Wolseley,
on his arrival, yave it the more euphonious
name of "Prince Arthur's I^an(lin<j" as a i<mi-
l)linu'nl to the Duke of Connauuht. i''rom this
(late (•2.'jth May) lo -'1st June, the troops .on-
tiiiiied to he transported from Collinywood, the
la.st ciiiiipanii's reaehinu' I'rinee Artiiur's Landing
on the latter date. During this month .sonu'
prouress had heen made in getting- a portion of
the stores, i\:f., from Prince Arthurs Landinii'
part of th(( way to Lake Shehandowan, l)ut
'jivat (lilliculty had heen experieiu'cd in getting
tile boats over the road. As already staled, the
j roiid was oidy completed for a short distance
beyond Matavvin bridge, and the foUowinu'
account of its condition, writb-n on the 27th
-May by Colonel AVolseley, will show how well
witi.sjied he was with it at that date. lie says :
" The road is very fair as a clay or sand road ;
llnre are no Itad places; whenever it i)asses
ihrouL;h swamps it has been ditched and
lascined. The lire which rau,ed liirough these
' Woods for three days last week has done a great
, <lcnlol' harm to the road; it burnt the greater
■ luuniicr of culverts and small bridges. All
llicsi' have been since rcjiaired so as to be
pas.salilc for teams, and, altlun gh as a. i)erma-
iicnt work, they are poor atl'airs; they w^ill
answer our purpo.se very well. The most

« A

ifir t

[Im

"11111

ri'TTLKS IIIHTOKY OF TIIK DOMINION ol" CANADA.

i H.!'l

.1.1 It ii-.'\i.i

l.v Mr |i,i»..
I ,.l I \\..\.

it^isiiif

Miiliiw III
t'lily-livi'

I nl' III,'

I'orly-livi'
ilislaiH'i'.
iily-llui'''
•urviiiL;- ;il
t'xci'pl in
•('('(liiiuflv
l>iiuli|ii>
licrs wiih
iltic <ii 110
ipiils, lull
( is u iiicii'
Itoiiis Mini
lircs 'jvi'iit

IM-llI tlll'lll

llollU'li llir
tlniu'ii'iiiu
KVtl l)Ut ;iii
rwist' \''iy
• Miitiiwiii
l(;i' liy till'

f.'S, l>\ llli'

M 111 ii will

)c)Ul t\Vn

iiiL;-. till'
s I'nnii till'
(Hiiili'it'd,
well' I'vcr

it iiiili'-^,

pciirliciil
);il,s. Tlu'
ill! ciilli'il

linn-, ;|11(1

rlliiT (liv
s, lli>' viv'T
Im'oiii IIh'
tliii'j, I'lur
iiii.l Mil
on. Til''
(«i- l'>:iy til
; l.y till'
Iv st'\rllly

ucrul'l'i'il

~k)iiii(lii\vaii.

IS2

T[TTTLH'S TIFSTOUY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

owiuM's dl' tliosi' stcaiiicrs, wms instrut'tod to hoicl
on 1111(1 make lloi^•^illl^■l'm^•nts, as tlie I'ostmastcr-
GiMH'iul would iiiukM'lakt' ihc duly ol' hiring del
(stoaniovs.* Tin; Lioutciiaiit Gcnoral having-
thcrel'orc no authority to enter into any asiree-
meiil AvitJi the owners oi' the ('liicitra, that
steamer started inunedialely on her reguhirtrip
for Thunder Hay. A Itliouuh she had no military
i>quii)ment on board, slie was prevented by the
United States authorities i'roui nassinii' throuyh
the canal at Sault Ste. ]\Iarie ; she therel'ore
i returned to Collingwood. Thisaction on the part
I ol' the United States (lovernnieut necessitated
: the organization of a Laiul Transport Service at
the Sault. lor the conveyance ol' all our supi)lies
Ironi the lower to the upper end of the Portage
a distance of about ;).| miles. * * * It was
j not until late at niiiht on the twell'lh of May,
I thai, I received instructions from Ottawa.
! authoriziim- nu> to send forward troops. f!y
! the earlv train next mornin"- I despatched ii
; Lieutenant-Colonel lioultou to Collingwood to {
I superintend iitting up the Chicnra for the con- \\
i veyance of as many horses as she could carry, h
I She .sailed on the day following with troops and
j h(jrses, together with a large amount of stores :
I Tile steaiiuM' Wdifbano followed on the sixteenth [•
I whh two additional com|)anies of militia, all to
' be stationed at the Sault Ste. Marie until the
j troops and stores had. j)assed Ihrouuh. * # *
! The subse(iue)it despatch ot the force had to
I conform to the dates ol' sailing of the regular ^
line ol' steamers, plying in their accustomed
manner, one upon every lilt h day. l)etween Jiakes
Huron and Superior, those vessels never bi'ing
entirely at our tlispo.sal, but carrying private
freight and passengers along with our stores. '
* * * You will ])erceive by the above
statement, that a week was thus lost in despatch-
ing the iirst detachnu^'nl, owing to the nou- i
approval by the Dominion Government of the
arranu'enient made in the Iirst instance by the
Lieutenant-Geiierid Commanding f )r lake trans-
l)ort, and that considerable delay was sub- i

sequently occasioned by the closing of the canal
to our vessels. The second imjwirtant cause ol
delay was, I considiM-, the want of a road
between Thunder Bay and Shebandowaii Lake,
by means of which we could have sent forward ,
our supplies. The original plan of mililarv ^
operations was based upon the b.'lief that the
road between those ])laces w^ould be open lor
tralhc alons' its entire length before the 1st of
June.* 1 write this on the Dlth of Jul v. and
it is now only cut t)ut as far as this camplMhout
three miles from the lake), whilst .some miles of
it between the ( tsicondage Creek and Youim's
Landing are still practically useless as a high-
way forcoiistant and heavy traiiic."'

12. — Towards the end of June it began to he !
feared that the expedition would have to he
abaudoiu'd, .so slow was the

, ,1 T The .-^tHrl It'Min

proii'ress, and so small appeared siioi)iinii...viiiiiiiuiio
the probability oi tlie regular
troops beinu' al)le to return in time to emhark '
for England before winter set in ; but, on the
20th, General Lindsay visited Thunder Hay, i
and new energy seemed to be inl'used into j

* 'I'lli' t'i'tiii ix Sniilfi Wii.-' .^lll)^rii'U'lirl.\ I'li^'aKt'iI .■INI I tlluiU" nni' trip h> I lie
Siiiill, liiit (tit> <\i|>tiiirMvi(.-<.>tu<li'inik< luiil tl)t> h'i|i |irn\i><l su iiiiHi(ti..<liii't()r.v,
IIjiiI Iut .<cr\ ici'^ ttiTo ili.^iii'iiFed with iiiiil iilhi'i' ."li'iiiiiiT." luiu'iiii'il.

•.Mr. Ituw.>^<>ii, in iiii " .-VdilL-iulii '' to hi..: ri'iiort (vvl'ich the ,Ji> iit C..iti-
inittuu on I'linliiin dtn-iilod not tn print), untiri.ly cttnti"mllct.< liii.- ^t.■^le-
nu'nt, anil .-iu.Ns (ii.-j liis ropin-t fUMrI.v .sliovvs) ihiit tliu iiiilitiiry iiutlioiitir.-
wei't.' thMrou>:hl>' a^'iinainted with thu u.Xiii'L contlitiun (it the mail limt!
biil'ire thcM^xpoilitiiin ."tartol, ami that th('.v l(nuw tin: intonliiin \va.« t"
iMiiiijilutt' tlio piirtiiin I'nim .Matawin Hridiro to .Slioliatnhiw.in Lake wliil.'^t
tho sliiros WLMf hi'init t iki'O over thi' lini.ilie 1 portion I'loni 'riiiiinliT
liay to .Malawin liriclwo— whicli he ehiinisi I'lmlil have been i one if lliu
iiiiiiiuiiiri liad not lieen taken Irmn tlieir proper work to draK boats up tliu
Kamini.'itiiinia He says;— ' Itelore leavinu Ottawa, it wa." t'lilly on Iir-
st I, with tlie Coiuiiiander iil'the l''iohl Koree, that a." many of the iiiili-

t ir.v as eonld ennvonieiitly lie employed .should be detailed to .tid in i'"m-
pleiinir the road to Shebandowan. NotwithflaiidinK this aKreenient, il
will be seen hy relerenee to my report what value ol' labor and aid ua^
roeoived frotn the military. This, however, is but u small lualler :i-
M ilitiiry labor to aid in the eunstruetion olthe unllniiihed part of thu real
waa not necessary to its early eompletion. for whieh amtile provision liail
boonmiideindependeiitly of it, but it was most desirable in order tolia?ltii
the work lorwiird. Ilnvinu been led to e.xpeet and ealeulale uiuni it. ami

not receivirw it. was ot small eonseiiueneo, lio\vi-ver inpare,l with the

I'aettbat I was depriveil ofthe serviees I'orllial pnriionenf ill t hve liiiii-

drod of tho very best id' tho vnt/nnfurit, who were relied upon for work mi
tho road, but were luit, instead, to |iroIitle.-s— anil to men who Knew it tone
worse than useless heart breakinu task of draKKi'iK the boats up the ri\e:.
Had these men been left at road woi k, 1 have no hesitation in sayini.'tliai ii
Kreat deal of tinio would have been saveil in the progress of the e.\|n'<ii-
tioii ; indeed, none eould Inivu been lost, for by the time that the siipi'lie>.
bouts, .Ve.. had been iieeiimiilated at tho end of tho hrst thirty mile--,
adinitlod to bo linisbed, the foree of workmen on the balanee of the oiail
would have eomiili'ti'd that too. Hut, on thu eontrary, a vast iiiover 'H
available labor was expended on iinproduefi\e w<>rk, harassing heyoinl
inoasiire to the men iind terribly destructive to the sole means of trans-
port, on which alone the o.\podition do|iended I'ur the Ioiik joiiiiiiy l>>
which thix was hut llio Katoway."

nt( iiui-

tliiiiilii.'>

n Wii.'' t"
!■ whilst
I'lniii'ler
ic il' ilie
\< lliu
V iinltT
til ill-

I 111 i-"Ul-
iMlllllll, it ,
II ill Wli" I

latlur s\f
riliu luiil
i^^ii.ii liiiil
tiliii.-li'ii
III it, mill

Willi till'

live liun-

r wnlli I'll

iivv it til lie
tlii'iiM!:,
iiiiilliiii »

I,. fXIU'ili-

i|.|.lii-.
rty lllili'^

f tllp lllll'l

liiiWlT III

K lii'yi'liil
111' tniiis-
iiiinii') 111

(i()VKI{NMKNT OI" S|[{ .lOlIN Y(»rN(i— THI-: KXl'KDITK >N 'VO IJKh IMVKi;, IS70.

l.s;i

the uiult'vtiikiiig. Oi) the ,5th of July hcad-

(jniirti'is wtMc removed to Matawiu Ih'idge,

whevt^ a larye quantity of stores was by this

time collected, mid the Kith was lixed as the

the date of the departure of the first l)ri!>ade of

boats from McNeill's Landinu', Shebaudowau

Lako, the point of linal departure. The work

wns hard, and rendered all the more so l)y the

fretiueiit rains, — it raint-d on twenty-three days

between the 1st of June and the Itlth of

July* — hut the men i)erformed it willinu'ly

;iiul cheeriully, and were in excellent spirits at

the idea of fairly start inn-, for, once on tlie lake, [

I hoy knew that their prouress would be more

' nipid. aiul their life more pleasant than it had j

brcu wiiile engaa-ed road-making aiul traiis-

ptirling stores. 'I'lie start took place at nine

' (I'clork on the evening of the Itith of Julv ;

1 ami we cannot do better than copy the deserip-

: lion ol it given in the -'Narrative of the Ked

I liiver ExjU'dition," published in B/arkirood's

IMugiizine lor Janiuiry, 1S71: — "The sun had

disappeared for some time ere, all being in

readiness, orders were given for the first

detachment to ' shove oil".' ft consisted of two

('t)iiipanies of the Sixtieth Killes, a detachment

j of Royal Engineers and of Royal Artillery, with

two 7-i>ounder guns, all under command of

i Colonel Feilden of the Sixtieth. The wind had

i died away completely, leaving the surface of the

lake calm as a mirror, wherein was reflected only

the mist of the approaching evening. There

: was no lium of birds or insects from the woods

j which fringed its shores, no swallows rippled

1 its smoothness in their hunt after an evening

j meal. Except at the little spot, where we were

all bustle and excitement, the scene had the

1 .stilliuvss of death about it, which in the distance

I • ''Till' mills wliii'liiircvuiliHlthrouKhiiiit the urontorimrt nf.Iiino prnvetl

I ti ire 11 serious ilriiwbiii'k Id iiiiiTiitiiiiis Koneriilly. Thi' si'i'tioii of tho

ni.id, niiirn <}S|ioi'iiilly lu'twi-'on the Miitawiii UriiiKO and tlio OskmuliiK^', i

iiiiiiiiiiu lis il iliiiis thi'iiiiKh II Vniiin iif reil eliiy, iHioaine iimlly rut up,

iiii'l II tTi'iil ileal iil'i'r 'S»-lay (cunluroy) hueaiuo nciMissiiry j still (lie wnrk

went nil, with lint littlo iiitoiriijiliiiii, until tho nfourronon nl' the itroiit

; (iinil lliolieve iMiriveeilentoil) IIimhI nf iho ;i(llli nl'.Iuiio, wliiuh fiiirly utoji-

■ lieil'.lii' piissniii' iilwanKons for nearly two whole ilaya— ii eulvert near the

Kiiiiiini-iiii|iiiii was ilisplaceil. ami a siiiall touijiorary liridite. which had

lieon nir. uver the Siinsliine llrook, was seriously daiiiaKeii, while a similar ;

I leiniiiiiiiiy slrueturo mi the i)skiiniliiifi< had a narrow esea|ie Those

ilainiiKus weroi|iiieklyre|iaircil. lunl llie work went on as usual. "-.S'. ,/.

seemed all the more deathlike from the contrast
between it and the noise immediately around '
us. This absence of animal or even insect life |
in the North American woods is one ol their ]
most striking- characteristicis. It was a i)retty
sight to sec this little llotilla of boats row olf
over the lake whilst it still glowed with the
golden tinge of the sun's last rays. It called to
mind numy an account n^ad in early youth of
very similar scenes, when freebootinu Norsemen
weighed anchor and shook out their sails in some
secluded inlet bent upon adventure I'^xcept
that we had rilled guns and cannon, our equip-
ments and our armaments for overcoming the
obstacles of nature were of a most in-imitive :
description. It seemed mrious that a military
exiK'dition should be lifted out in such an
advanced era of civilization, in an age so justly
celebrated for its inventions and its iiroyress in !
those arts and srienees which now enter so '
lariicly into the oriianization of armies, and yet
that it should not be possible to enlist into its
ser\ices the aid either of steam or of the eleclrie
telegraph. The sail and the oar were to be our
means of propulsion, as they had been those of
the Orreeks and Romans in classic times; and
when arrived at the end of our t!00 miles'
journey, we should have a.s much dilliculty and
as far to send in order to communicate with
even the netirest telegTaph ollice, as (';esar had
when he sent a mes,senger to Rome, announcing
his successful descent upon tnir shores more
than I'.tOO years aiiO." 1

I.'].— After the lirst detachment had left the
embarkation continued rapidly, day after day,
until the 4th of August, when '<

, 1 1 . ,. ,1 , 111 ""' e\|ieilili .11

the last ol the troops einbaiKed, ii-wny, -Huiiy
and only about one hundred and
fifty voi/ageiirs were left to take the reserve
.supplies to Fort Francis,* aiul a company of

• ".\8 soon m tlio last briuailo ol'lioatji with sol liors liiiil left .McNeill's
l.iindinii, the reserve stores houiin t" ho sent forwiird rmui Thiimler Hay.
A uuinlier of bonis wlii.'h had lieen lel't iit that i.lai-o were also linmnht
up liy wnKKon, and it now hecaiue uviileiit to all that iniii'li lime woiihl
have been Kiiineil and lalior saved, ill the lirsl inst.ince, l>>- koepinu the
whole rnimii, 111' force on the roail iniikinK it at mico passable In wiinKiins.
(fotlinn II sullicient number of tlii'sd finiii C.'l' ii;wiinil, ami IniiiKiiiK I'nr-
wnril boats and stores to ^Varl^s liiiiidiinx. I liow how easil>- this iniulit
have been ibiiie. I may call altotition to the fuel that at two n'c lock on Iho
afternoun of tlio Jinl of AuKii-it seven bouts, plai-ed on wik^koiis wore sent

-m

,IH:1

H I

Pm $ '^

'm-

I i

I liiii

the Qut'ber Battalion, which was to remain at
I'riiuo Arthur's Lauding- to guard a small
redoubt which had been erected there for the
proteetion of the stores left at this point. Two
of the four se\"en-pounder guns were also left
there. This rompany remained at Prime
Arthur's Landing until the return of the regu-
lars, when they also went baek to Quebec. The
whole number of men embarked at McNeill's
Bay, according to the return of Deputy-
Commissary Meyer, was 1,431, of whom 92
were oflicers, 1,051 non-commissioned officers
and men, 274 voyageurs, and 14 guides. As the
region through which the expedition was to
pass was; almost wholly destitute of anything
in the way of food (except fish), and there was
no means of obtaining supi)lies of any kind
after the expedition left, everything which was
needed, or wliich it was tliought might be
needed, had to be Laken with it, and Colonel
Wolseley admits that this was done f for all his
disposition to find fault with the Dominion
(.fovernment, saying : " Every probable, indeed
almost every po.ssible, contingency had to be
thought of and provided for ; and it may be
conlidently asserted that no expedition has ever j
started more thoroughly complete or better pre- '
pered for its work.'l It is needless to follow the

nil' friim rhumk'i' lii.v. iind nt .sunset im the followiiiK evening wore nt
Waicis LiinJina. I Imv iliirorent was tluM from dragging them over rooks t
and slonv.s in tlio bottom of a gli.illow atruun? Tlu're was not a boat
bi'oimlit liy tlio river tliat cost less for transport than .jilW, making on a '
liiindreil wliicli were ao convoyi'd sorao .'ii30,i;{Xl, while on llfty-threo ,
broni-'lil liy wag^^ons the oo.st did not exceed twenty or twenty-five dollars
oiu'h. An I t!ien how very different was the oon litionof the boats— in the ]
one case, fre-h and sound as tlioy eamo from the hand of the builder ; in
iho other, lorn anl broken, with many row-locks, oars and rudders'
lost or sma.shed. and requiring repairs— iu some cases very extensive
ones- Ijef , • they could bo used. The store.s wore taken in good time to
Kort Frances. The first reaching that |da«o im the llrd of Septoniber and
Iho last on the ITtli, besides some that wore left by order (if the mi.itary
at Deux Kivicres Tortiigu to meet the I o ips as they returned from Red
River.'* — .^'. ./. OtitrHim\ iieport^ yiif/*' 20.

t".\arralive of the Red River Kxpedition "— W/'ir/i'imriii'd .Vrif/nctne,
January, .HTl.

t riio following is a coiuplite list of the articles taken, according to
DeputyCoiiiinissiiry Meycr'sreport :— Hiscniits, !i''.'f{ bris. ; (lour, 702 brls. ;
pork, '.i.'(0 brls. ; sugar, i'M lirls. : tea, 1'2'2 chests ; beans, lil'i bags ; pre-
served p tallies, I'll J cases ; pepper, IHV lbs.; ammunition, rounds, 111,000;
auKurs, .'I; felling iixes. 214 ; pickaxes, i;i2; blankets, '2') ; fuze, 1 ; gimlets,
'.I; slclgO'liaminers. .'<; small haininers, ^i; hand hatchets, 21S ; Flanders
kettles, ISO; Held ovens. 1 ; frying pans, Hfi ; bags of bedd ng, H ; kegs of
powder, 2 ; c ill lashing ro|ie, I ; coil .Manilla rope, 1 ; eross-jut saws, 7 ;
haiid-saws, 10; scales and weights, 1 ; shovels, 1:H ; spades, llli ; spik ,s
and nails. .'lO lbs. ; measuring tape, 1 ; tents, I'lA ; hirge rope tilings, .'il7 ;
siiiiiU rofie slings, 111; portagn straps, lilli : spare bims, 1,2lii; linsofmus-
• luilo nil, I2fi; w.Lleriiroof bags of blanket.s, 2i4 : watorprool' bags ot accoit

expedition in detail through its journey by
water and land to Fort Garry — suffice it to s;iy
that the route followed was not more arduouis
than many other canoe or boat routes are,* and
that the men, although hard-worked at tln'
portages, and sometimes at the oars, IkuI ii
tolerably fair time of it, and, its the weather wiis
fair most of the time, enjoyed tht> journey wdl.
The record of one day's routine taken from the
Narrative, already referred to, will give a prottv
accurate idea of all. " At the first streak of day-
light (occasionally long before it), the reveille
was sounded, followed quickly by the cry of
'Fort Garry' from every tent or bivoutic lire.
This was the watchward of the force, as ' Anns,
men and canoes" ( armn virumque mno) was tlic
punning motto adopted lor us by our witty
chaplain. Tents were struck and stowed awiiy
in the boats, and all were soon on ])oai'd ;iikI
working hard at the oar. We halted for an Imur
at 8 a. m. for l)reakfast, and again for auotlicr
hour for dinner at 1 p. m., and finally, for the
night, about ti or 7 p. m. It was surpri.sing.
after the first week's practice, to see the rapidity
with which the men cooked ; they tpiickly
became most expert at lighting fires, cutting
down trees, ike. The sun soon burnt thcni ;i
dark color — indeed, some became nearly black—
the reflection from the water having a vtMy
•bronzing effect upon the skin. The wear and
tear upon the clothes was excessive — carrying'
loads on their batiks tore their shirts and coats.
whilst the constant friction of rowiiiii' soon

tretnenis, 98 ; medioal oomforts and equipments, 41 ; tins,.il7: crmli 'iis
A. iV' Ii., 2; boxes linseed meal, 2; kegs of salt, I ; grindsiones, I ; bnxcs iii
t<ibacco 20 ; cases of soap. 1 ; hales ot military clothing, .").

•" The route, genornllv, between the terminus ot the 'I'liuniler B;iy
Road, Shcbauiliiwaii l.nke and Lake \Vinnipeg will eompiire \eiy titvnr-
ably with aiiv other ciiiioe or boat route of equal leuKtli in Itrilisli .N'nrlli
America. The entire distance is 4HS miles, with some I'nrly pnrliiui's
(more or less according to the stage nf water), Iniviiig an aggregiitc Iciiiilli
of seven miles. Between those portages the navigation, exeepling fur a
few miles in a narrow broukat French I'ortage, is the easiest eciiiceiv:ilile.
There are no dillicult rapids fo run : in taet, except on the .Miilimie
and at a few places on the Winnipeg, as regards (he fueility ot ui'Ilimt
over (hem widi boats or caiioes, (he rapids are the rnorcs( ripiiles. flu-
force, ill ge((ing (hroiigh, li:id jiisl seven miles of Imul earriiori' In i^'t'l "ver
widi liglK bonis, six(y days' ralions (m-adiially diiiiinisliiiigl iiiul llii'ir
atumniiilion, and (his in slinrl sections so far separii(eil as to in ike the
faligiie less (ban i( would have been had (he por(ages been loiiiier iiml
fewer in number.— The labor on the portages was, no doiibl, Irving I" iieii
nnaeciislomed (o such work, lull it did not last long nl a lime, ;ini| all.
besidi's, was (lie smoolhest sailing coneeivable."—iS'. ./. Jlniiwm'^ l!<i""U
puiji 22.

uniey h\

! it to say |
e archtous 1
are,* ami
2(1 at tlu'
rs, hiid a
;>athtM' was
rucy well, i
1 from the I
vo a pretty ,
jak of day- j
the reveilh; •
the cry ol' \
vouao iirc. ,
, as ' Arms,
lo) was the
our witty
Qwed away
hoard and
for an hour
for anolhrr
illy, for the
surprising',
the rapidity
(juickly
cultini;'
lit them a
y Ijhirk-
H' a viM'v
wi'ar and
— (tarrying
and toats,
inii' soon

)(" : oantr''ns
(ines, 1 ; b'lxes of

rii.ui.ln- lii.v

iiru very liuui-

nriti.-'li N"r-lli

r.irly i."il:ii.'M

Ut-'KlTmil'' ll'llBlll
I'Xl'l'plilll.' I"!' il
C.ll I'lPlH'l'ivilllll'.
fill' .\l:lliillic

ility 111' iicltiiii!

I lipiilus. Thi^

illRl' lllL'l'l MMT

hiiiK) iiii'l llicir
H I.I inilii' llic

iiM'ii liimrcT iiml
I, iryiiw li'iiivii

II liiiii'.iiii'l iill.

•es

: -"V',.

•:^

i1!l

1 1

i i i^^

W ''

.!■ ||m '

!■

ISt WHOilV

■wk'i' its

ri-vof ii:. uli'l, H,>i tht y '
'., r)i tlio lime, t'MJoycd tiSiij lou

rij.d to, will •:::

'■ 0-1 rry" !r"u; ■■\'rTy ■■»/ii ■
.!■• Miii:'

llj

' .jl' xM'^i t '

MlHil.-

■'onror

^ .i.ictJU > .

•.iye»it. ..\'

1.^ ;

very ■iiffji"

•) I'-.-m '

i»f tbx hoAt.-

-in •

1 ,.

,. ..jjr T'X"

* ' .

. ) I,.' .|<«^.

'-( rcwh;.'.?

•V ^ t

1 r l- •■! !.(>) : HI in'
M |I|B Wini»lp#H. « 1' "1:

1 " .1.,.,.... '. .. .

f ' :!

«<, ih

<;(

: won- lari>'

, till' lii'aii.s

I uave till 1

a soli "!' ;

I named th

stall! \m

men I ; Im

'< that <'\(ry

tu it. Th(

the pluck

very (lucht

j oihcr iiatK

I till' ,samo i

[ our lot (lai

I 14— Th

I Firlili'ii re

An-iv:il;,l \\,ri
I'niii.'i.-. Til,' M
"1 nll';lil- ill llli'
Si'IllviiicliI.

(lavs ; and

I Mi'Xi'iir.s I

i was s])roa(l

' Thi'rc wcri'

; of an aggrei

[ I'haius, and

j or improvw

lo\viii!>' won

:il)li' to inov

at, that time

iiiiis, siirroii

It Hali-hivod

j The (•oiintry

! I'iieli liank <

I only part un

I iKljoiiiinii- il

l>i'as, potatot

int'iils had b

IVesh moat 1

chaii-iv altoi

hisiuiis.* (

"'ilii' liiiinn.-'. lis
lliHIlli.ilMii.v.ls:
11 III*. c,r limiil „r
"ll'lll; lioi!. .ilyiiCTi
lii'ans, nr i ||,. „)■ ,,

Vl'Klllillil,.« iv,.,-,. i.lpli

"">i'ry li.inl ivuilin
»lii'iiH'iiliin).'iiii lii.

iil

(i()VHI{XMK.\T OK SIE JOHN Y01IX(}— TIIH HXPRDITIOX To UVA) IJIVKI!, lS7(t.

IS.-)

wmv large holes in their trousers, which, beins^' t
l);uc lied with cain.v.i Iro'ii the hags in which
ihc Ix'Uiis or other provisions had been carried,
<>ave till 111 a most motley appearance. J^eading
a sort ol' amphibious life, they were well nick-
iiauicJ the 'canvas-backed ducks.' This con-
staiil pulling was very monotonous emj^loy-
ment ; but we had a goal to reach, and all felt
that every stroke of the oar brought us nearer
to it. The long portages were most trying to
the pluck and endurance ol' our men, and it is
vi'i y ([ue.^tionable whether the soldiers of any
oihcr nation would or could have gone through
the .'<arae amount ol' physical labor that fell to
our lot daily."

14. — The advance detachment under Colonel
Fiildeii reached Fort Francis, situate on the
, . , , ,. , risjht bank of JJainy Kiver, on

!ir',n'ii7- in'thr"" t^*^ '*'^* "^ August, having aocom-
.stiknaiii. plished 208 miles in nineteen

days; and, as th(> last detachment had left
MrNcills Landing by that time, the Expedition
was Hjiread out to a length of over IjIO miles.
There were seventeen portages in this 208 miles
of an aggregate length of three miles seventy-six
chains, and at these the men had constructed,
01' improved, the roads, so that the troojis fol-
lowing would have iiiueh less trouble and be
al)le to move more rapidly. Fort Francis was,
at that time, a small collection of wooden build-
iims, surrounded by a palling, and occupied liy
a Hal r-l)reed agent ol' the Hudson's Bay Company.
Tiie country, for the depth of about a mile on
I'ack liaiik of Rainy River, is fertile, but the
only part under cultivation was a small portion
adjoining the Fort, where tlu^ soldiers found
pea.s, potatoes and onions growing, and arrange-
iiioiits iiad been made I'm* supplying them with
I'lesli meat here, which v. as a very agreeable
chaiin'c after three weeks of salt pork and
his. nil s.^ Colonel Wolseley arrived at Fort

tbHIil

n Ills.

■ men 1 1 .
Iieiiiif, I

. vcKcliil;
nil wr>'
nlii'ii H

If riiliiiiiti. n.-* Ill id (town in Hio .**lainlii»tf Orilors Is.-'utMl iit Toriint" on
I "I .Miiy. I^Til, liy Cn. ,-\ W.il.-ifk-y. fi'n.iistcl df 1 lb. .if liisciiit, or
III liiviiil or I! lbs. of (lonr; 1 lb. of suit pork, or U lbs. of I'lcsli
ill/., iilsiimir : 1 m.. ol'lcn ; } oz. o( .smIi with IVi'sli meiil : 1 iiint ol'
•r I lb. of |iri'S('r\*i'(l imtators: 1 -Jiii o/. nf iM'piier. Wlii'ii frcsli
lies were oliliiiimlilo. lib. was issiu'cl iis the ration. In ciiinii, wlmn
liiu-it u'iirt( Wiis bi'iiiKtlone, tliis ration was foiiml to he auiplc ; but
irl<iii(.' on till' roails ami in tlir lioiils tlui inon riiulil cut from 11 tu

Francis with the advance detachment, which he
had ovi'rtakeii on 20th July, and was joined
there by Captain I Sutler of the (iOth Regiment,
and Mr. Joseph Monkman, a Half-breed, who
had both come from Red River Settlement.
Captain Butler had been sent by G<>neral
Lindsay to Pem))ina, and had made his way to
Lower Fort Garry, visiting some ol the loyal
portions of the iSett lenient, and left (m the 24th
July to meet Colonel Wolseley. He reported
the people in the Settlement still very uneasy.
Riel and his followers continued in pos.ses,sion
of Fort (rarry. and the loyal inhabitants were
anxiously awaitina' the arrival of the troops.
While at Prince Arthur's Landing Colonel
Wolseley had sent a proclamation to the chief
officer of the Hud.son's Bay Company and to the
Roman Catholic and Protestant Mishops, This
had been made pul)lic, and relieved the fears ol
a portion of the inhabitants, who felt a little
nervous about the coming of the troops. t Mr.
Monkman had left Thunder Hay in .luiie, and
gone into the Settlement by way of Fort
Francis and tht' North-West Anyleof the I^ake
of the AVoods, and commenced his return on
2Uth July. The report of both gentlemen was

2>bs. liDii) of biscuit anil pork, anil on any similar c\|M'rlitiiiii the ration
.shoniil be iiR'rt'aseil. 'ffio ration of tea mitfht.iieriiaps, be re-liieeil to ; oz.
jier man (icr tla\'. if tlie troops are toijetlier in eonsiilerable nnmbei's.
Tlie siitfiir shoniil lie inrroaseil to .'1 oz."— .UviV'-ia/ Cunlrull- 1- li-ri,m\

tTiie following is aeopy of t!u^ Pi Imnation as i .ppeareil in the .V' c

yulinn of the twenty-thinl of .Inly. The iiaraKraph eommeiieinir
" Courts of l,aw." Ac, was siibsei|ueiiily omiiteil :—
Til Tin: l.(iv.\i, IxiniiiTAMs m- M vmthiia.

Her Majesty's (ioverninent hiivintr determineil upon stiifioiiiinr some
troojis amoiiKsl you, 1 liave been inslriieteil by tlin liieutenanl-IJeneral
Coniinanilini.' in Hritisli North Ameriea to proeeeil to I'orl liinry willi the
force under my eominaiid.

Our mission is one of iieaee, and tlio solo object of tlie e.xtiedilinn is to
seeiire Her Majesty's Sovereinn autliority.

llonrts of liiiw such as are common to every iiortion of Her Majesty's
Kinpiro will be duly established, and justice will be imparlially adminis-
tered to till races and all classes, the lo,\-al Indians or llaif-breeds beiiiK
as dear to our Queen jis tmy others of her lo\al subjects.

The force wliicli 1 Iiavo the honor of eoinniaiidiiiir will enter your Pro-
vince rciireseiilinu no |iarl\' either in relitrion or imlitics. and will all'ord
eiiiial iirotei-tioii to the li\ea and inotierly of all racesand of all creeda.

The strictest order and disciiilinc will be maintaincil, and tirivalc
protierty will be carefully rcsjieetcd. All sniiplies furnished by tin:
inbabitants to the troi>|is will be duly iiaid bir. Should anyone consider
himself injured by an indi\ idiial belouKiiiK to the force, his Krio\aiicc
shall be jiroiniitly oiuiiiired into.

All loyal [leojilo are earnestly invited to aid me in earryiiif; out the
above- lULMitioned objects.

(.'.,1. WULSlOldiV, Cidonel.

CominaiidiuK Ked Kiver Force,

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IHd

TrTTLKS lIlSTOliY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

lo the ('Hi'< t lliiit it was very uincitiiiii wlicther
Ikii'l would olitT any ivsistaiico or not. He was
•'xtrcmt'ly anxious on tli« subject of an amnesty.
an<l Bishop TucIk' had i>-ono to Ottawa to urge
on tlic authorities that a prochnnution of
amnesty shouUl he issued, ancl as long as this
matter was in abeyance, it \vasdonl)trul wlicther
JJiel would show light or run away while he
had a eliance. I'nder thesi' eircumstances
Colonel Wolseley had lo he prejiared I'or any
emeiiicncy, and to 1)e ready either to "'go lorth
on an errand ol' peace" or to light for the niain-
tenan(;e ol' law and order, il' nece.ssary. *

l.">. — Colonel Wolseley remained at Fort I'ran-
cis until the luth, but the diilerent detachments

F„„n i-..r( Kn„„i. "i'^^''^^ lorward as they arrived,
iui!,,t i'..ii.r..... ,1^,. |i,.j.j^ under Colonel Fielden,

arrivinu' at 10 a.m., and leaving at ;5.30 i).m.
on the 4th. Smue ol' Uie voi/a^i'iirx taken on at
Shebandowan had proved incompetent : these
weri' dismissed and replaced by some brought
up the Winnijx'g by Lieutenant IJutler and Mr.
Monkmaii. and some obtained I'rom the Hudson's
Hay post. All suri>lus stores were discharged
hero, and an hospital tistabli.shed, although
there was. i'ortunately, no sickness, and lelt as
a reserve, and one company ol' the Ontario
Battalion remained as a guard. The lield-oven
was set to work iiere, and the men greatly
relished a supply of soft bread, as a change from
the "hard tack" rations they had been having
for over two weeks. "From Fort Francis, the
J']xpedition had before it 131 miles of unbroken
navigation, eiuling at Kat Portage. First, Ivainy
iiiver, winding lor .sixty-seven miles with a
gentle current through forests of the most
luxuriant growth, In-oken here and there by
slopes of green sward, where the Indians of
former limes had practised the art of cultivation
so long forg(jtten to their descendants, and then
the Lake of the Wood^, where the coixrse lay for
sixty-four miles farther, through islands, which.

'Sir.lnlin VciuiiK, ill el<i;'ii])j llii' Iloiiiiiiiiiii I'lirliiinieiit on (lie Iwclllli nl'
Mii.v, said :— " Hit ,\lu.ieKl.vV tmups it\i Inrlli nn nil I'rninil nl' pi'iici', anil
will .■'I'lve IIS an assiiriiiici' In I hi' iiiliiiliilaiil.s urtlii' Ken Kivi/r Si'tili'iiii'iil.
mill till-' niiiiii'rnii." Iiiiliaii trilios lliiil luvniiy lliii .N'nrtli-Wcsl, thai llie.v
have a pliii'u in Ihi' icitiivil ami I'ciuncil iif KiiKlanil. ami ma.v rtly on ijir
iiniiiirlial iirntci-'tiun ul' tlu' llriti.'ih Knipire."

although the lake is large, ali'ovd slii'liert'd
channels where the still'est breeze is hardlv
l'elt."t The journey to Hal ]'ortaL;e \vas acrom-
plished without accident, or special incident,
and Colonel l-'idden arrived at tlie I'ortiiw on
the ;ilh, and was met by a party from Ih"
Red h'iver Settlement which had come up the
Winnii)eg in six boats of the Ilndsons Duv
Company to meet the Expedition. This jiartv
wasunder the guidaneeol'the U'ev. Mv. (rardiiicr,
and their arrival was most welcome, not onlv
as an evidence of active symi)alhy in the settlc-
ment. but becau.se the party had broiiiiht up u
number ol experii-nced guides to the river, in
which the Fxpedition was rather deliiient.

10. — The third aiul most toilsome part oj tin-
journey was I'rom Wat I'ortage, at the outlet of
the Lake of the Woods, down the ,,., , .,

I III' li'll'iilllr H'lirill'V

Winnipeg river to Fort Alex- Arri'vai'.'iV.s,',',','''''''''''
aiuler, at tht; entrance to Lake ''"■'■
Winnipeg, a distance of 141) miles, in which
there arc twenty-live portages, with an auurea'ute
length of three miles six chains. The dill'eren<'e
in level between the Lake of the Woods and
I^ake Winnipeg is .'540 feet, and the river is very
broken and rapid for the greater part of its course,
but with Kood guides is tolera])Iy safe. It was
long used by the Ninih-West Company, and
more recently by the Hudson's Bay Company;
aiid although the expedition liad hard work at
some of the i)ortaues, and were in a little danuer
in running some of the rapids, it reached fort
Alexanch'r without serious mishap. " The
journey down the AVinnipen' Kiver can never
be forgotten if once made. For the lirst lifty
miles there are numerous islands — so much so,
that the river is a succ'cssion of lakes, or as if
there were four or live rivers numiML;' side hy
side, uniting here and there only to .separate n
few miles lower down. At some points it i-s
however, contracted into one or two conii);n;i-
tively narrow channels, where the great rush of
water resemldes a magnilicent mill-race. Tlu'
passage of such places is always more or less
dangerous, jiarticularly if rmall islands f)r liiriiv

\S..I. Il,lir^;il\ II, llnri, 1111,1, Jl.

(loVKKNMKXT OK SIK .lolIN Vol'XC TllK KXI'KDITION To KKD IMVKH, ISTO. IS"

rorlo divide tlu' vii|)id.s iiiln .seviTul chiiiiiu'ls,
iro.-siiig one aiwitlicr hclori' llii'v mei't in the
lioiliiiu' rimldnm of tbiimini'- Wiitcr below.
Numerous were tlie hiiir-hreacltli escapes : in
iiiiiuv instiuii-es tlio li\i's of boat's crews
MTiiied held in the l)aliinri> lor some moments
— more awlul I'or those wlio watrhed the
scrue Irani the bank, tluin lor the soldiers
inlually in the l)oat. Providence — a noble
term, which this war in France has tan^'ht
newspaper writers to sneer at — watched over
u> in a remarkable nninncr ; I'or, althou^'h wi'
iiad one or two boats wrecked (Mi this miyhty
river, and many more were lor minutes in
iiamiMent danu'er, the wIkjIc I'orce reached
1-ake \Vinni])eii- without any loss ol' lil'e." *
Tile leading i)riiiade ol' boats reached Fort
Alexander on the 18th, and proceeded no
luriher until th(^ arrival of the other briuades
I'dutaininu- regulars. By Sunday, "Jlst, all the
regulars had arri\ «'d. and, alter attending Uiviiie

' service in the mornini'', embarkation took place
at ."! !>. m., and about lil'ty boats conveyed the
eoiiii)anies ol' the (!Oth, the Artillery and
Eimineers down the river to Lake Winnipeg.

,| At Fort Alexander the i'orce had been joined
by Mr. Donald A.Smith, of the Hudson's Hay
Cenipany. who accomi»anied it on the remainder

[ of its journey. The 'roops passed the night on
Klk i.siand, and started at 5 a. m. on the 2iJnd

: i'or the mouth oi the Ked Kiver, which was

I readied by the fastest boats abont noon. It was
hoped that Stone Fort would be reached l)efore
(lurk, but at sunset it was still eleven miles

• distant, and the FJxpedition halted for the night,
eaiiiiiing on the right l)ank of the river. Every
preeaution h;ul been taken to prevent any
iiiloniiation of the arrival of the Expi'diticm

, ivacliiiig Kiel, and with such success that he

1 had not the slightest idea the I'^xpedition was

: f-o near him. The boats started a-iain at 3. .'50
on ih.. morning of the 28rd in a drizzling rain,
wliidi continued all day, and made their
journey very uncomfortable. The peoi)le along

j the hanks of the lied River now began to know

,| ■".Nninilivcir iImi li,.,l KiMT i:.v|.c.lili.,ii.".-/,7,i, ;„•„.„/•., .l/„,/„;i',„,
: IVIiriijiry, b7l.

that the Expedition had arrived, as it was greeted
with di.scharu'es of musketry as it passi-d along.
Stonc! Fort was reached at S o'clock, and here a
good breakfa.st had been prepared by tlu^
Hudson's Bay Company ollicials, and was
keenly relished. After breakfast the boats were
relieved of all superlluous stores, only four
days' rations being left, and the advance on
Fort Crarry was recommenced.

17. — .As the exi)edition was now fairly • in
the enemy's country," aiul it was still thought
i)ro])al)le that J{iel would show , , , ,
light, preparation was made, in i''i.';|.','.y''''Jv'„'.',.n,'i"'
the event of his disputing ihi' 'i'',','i'i''''''i'i!!'-'i'iri'JThr

pa.s.sage of the river to give him ' '" '"'"

a warm reception. The two seven-poutub'r guns
were placed in the l)ows of two boats, and an
advance guard proceedetl along the siiore about
a (juarter of a mile ahead of the boats. The
eompany of Captain Wallace was detailed for
this purpose, and was mounted on such ixmies
as could be procured, and, failinu' those, in
country carts, pre.sentinu- rather a ludicrous
appearance.* This company had orders to
prevent any persons pa.ssing n\t the river, but
not to interfere with those coming down, and
many who came down to meet the boats
were surprised, aiul a little angry, to lind
they could not rt-turn : but it could not
be hi'lped. Colonel Wolseley had information
that up to noon it was vagiudy rumored in
Winnipeg that the boats were in the river,
and that Riel discredited the rei)ort altogether,
not thinking it possible that they could havt'
reached there so soon, and it was important to
keep him in ignorance as lony' as po.><sible. The
boats continued on up the river all day through
the rain, only halting an hour for dinner, and
stopped for the night about two miles bidow

•" .N'uttiiimiKiiilil L'.voci'ililio pi('tiu'i-»iui'ii|i]>r.-iraiii-i' (irC;i|''i"iti W.illiico
.11x1 Ills I'liiMpiiii.v III' iiii»irili'<l Killi'.". Tlu'.v slMi'lc'l willi a liiiiiit'il iiiiiiiiii.'r
cit'hi>rHi'.»<, bill as the tlay wni-o un IVrsIi fiiiilnri-.s wiTC tiia<lt'. aiirl tVi'.sli
iii(>ii inniihtiMt. Kiu'ti ...It'cil that wa.< ri'liltMi !ui<l a Imhk ilraKKlin^' tail,
wllirh trtiiirtl in thi' Iilll<I a..^ it..' mviirl' slniidii'it i-iiliii'l' t hall callhTiHl
alnii^r: ni'iirl.v all iiT tlii^a wiTu mai-L'..^, aiul iifarly all i.f iliuiii hailli'al.s
ruiiiiiiiK at llit'ir hoi;Is, .'*it that oiu' .-^aw "WiiiKiiii-' ai-rn...^ tin- iM-airif a lotifr
stniuKlini.' animal running with licr liial.ainl :i rilliMii.iii willi hi^ rilli' mi
hi.< hack huhliiiK oil ti> (ho saihllu. Thi'v ili.^iiiniintuil liir tiiii iiiKlit.aiiil
reniaiiii'il ii.H an Diithiyinu piilut. wliciT. iiko thi^ rest cil tlir ruivi', Ihuy
k'.it ilifiii'lu'cl (luMn(rli."-C"rii's|iciiiilnit'u Tnmnin d'A./.. , i.ih Si'|.H'iiilifir,
IsTii.

■'V

-!' { I

■!■■> ■
I

IHS

IITTI-KS IIISTol.'V ol" 'I'lIK lM).MINIo.\ ( »|" «'AN A l>A.

tlu- I'Ji'jlisli ( ':itlio(liaI, iiIkhiI ti inilt's l»y liiiul
iiii<' niiif by walcr. rnnii Fori ({any, oiiirip
lii'ii'ii- loriiMMl oil till' liylit liank. Ahoul niiit'
<>'< liM 1< ihi- drizzle turned to ;i lie;u y ruin
w hielicoiiliiiued ill! iiii^ht, coiivortinir Iho pniirie
inin I Neaoj mud, no iliat, next nioinini'', Colonel
Widseley liad to alcindou his idea ol' advaiieinjf
l)y land and keep lo the river until I'oiut
houiilas was rearhed, ahout eiiihl o'clock, two
miles tVcnn the l-'ort, where (he troops were
landed. 'The troops wer(! disemharked on the
li'it liank, and lormed up in open column of
companies. A lew ponies that were hrouiiht by
the inhabitants were u.selul in mounting' the
Colonel and Iiis stall', and two country carts
were used I'or drawinu' the niins, which were
limbered up behind them. A line of skirmishers
was thrown out about tOO yards in advance of
the column, which immediately commenced its
move in the direction of tin- village of Winnipeg',
in column ol' I'ours, the (lOlh iiilles leading',
Artillery and linj^iiu'ors next, and a Company
of fiOtii Iiilles as a rear liuard. in this I'ormation
the column passed over a small creek, aiul
keepiuff outside the village, wiieeled sliiiiitly to
its lel't, aiul advanci'<l on the Fort, havinii' the
Assiniboine River on its right Hank, and the
village on its lel't. kSome hall'-do/eii 1 yal
inhabitants, moiuiled o, horseback, accom-
panied the column, ami were usel'ul as scouts
and guides, 'I'he latest inl'ormation obtained in
the village! was to the ell't'ct that liiel and his
party wcu'e still insicb- the Fort, that the gates
were shut, and that they intended resisting the
troops. No Hag was Hying I'rom the llagstallin
the l''orl,* and there wasnosig'n ol' life visible ;
everythini|' looked gnm and frowning, and the
uiin m()unle<l oxci' the gateway that commanded
the village and the prairie over which the trooi>s
were advancing, was expected momentarily to
open lire. 15ut the hopes of the troops were
doomed to disappointineiit. On lu'aring the
Fort some of the mounted men were sent
forward to ascertain the state of afl'airs ; they

"Arrhlii.-hiih 'I'liilii'. in lii« i.\ iiln lii'Inri. Ilic Select Ciuniiiillee, vniil

Ihiil llieie n'a« II lli'ili.'.li Ihiir^ll.viiiu svlieii he Miriveil, III! 'J.'tril. iuil iIimI ll
Wiiti liikeii down uu iireniiiit nt' (lie t'liin.

were f(dloW(Ml by three ol the stall, and xion
relnrnctl, having ridden all around the Kort
iiiid found the o-ate openiiif^ on the bridge o\i>r
the Assiniboine liiver with' open. The truopn
were marched in by thin gateway, h.iviiijT
stojiped and detained three men who were
making oil' up the Assiniboine h'i\er. The V\\\i
was found to be emptied of its late del'eiider«,
liiel, Lepine, and O'Donohue having richlen
oil' up tlie lietl lvi\er about a (piarler of an
hour prtn'iously. The trooi>s then formed liu,'
outside the l''oit, the linioii .lack was hoisted,
a royal salute lired, and three cheers i;iveii for
the <iueen, whiih were caimhi uji and heaitilv
re-echoed by many of the civilians and settlers
who had followed the troops from the \illaue."f
l.'S. — The 'errand of piNUH ' hatl been accom-
plished. Throuiih tiOO miles of " rocks and
water " the iiallant little expedi
tioii had maniuHv made its way, ihe heiiHh ..i ii.e

,.,,." I.. ,. . ll- ■•'• 'I''! i|..riil

overcominii-dillicullies ol nature
whidi may well have (b-teired less bold iiid
persevering men ; dishearti'iied at limes, dis-
pirited and cinfused by rumors of recall, with
the elements warringagainst them and but little
save a souse of duty to cheer them on, I lie iiiou
had still heartily. cheiM'fully, and willingly
undergoiu' all the trials and privations of that
arduous advance ; and now stood ankle-dceii in
th(! mud, victors without liriiig a shot, conscious
that they had accomplished the object of I heir
mission, that rt^bellion had lli>d to hide its
diminished head, that peace and oribu' would he
reston^l, ami that the insult to tlu^ Mritish Hag
was wiped out, aiul that it once more repiaii'il
the rebel banner which for ten loiiu' weary
months had iloaied over l''ort Uarry. The con-
dition in which everything was found was
miserable in the extreme. The rain si ill con-
tinued, and it being impossible to lliid a spot
free from mud on which to i)itch tents, the troops
were accomodated, in the be,>-t manner pos.-iihlc,
ill the buildings of the Fort, lately occuiiied l»y
the Company. All insi«h' the Fort was in coii-
I'usicm and gave evidence of hasty lliglit, thi'
"President's" uiilinished breakfast being oii ;i

\('ul„n,l \\:.hil,!l'' dOriii' ./•'iirmil. 'ilHi AllKU.^I, IHTIl.

<i(»vi;i;\MKNT or sii; .I(»iin vniNi; 'I'liK k.xi'KDIiion io i;i;i» fji\ ki;, i>7o.

1S!»

luMf: and " A(ljiitiiiil-(!«'iu'iiil " lirpinc liaviim'
ili'|)ai'l('(l ill siu'li liasit' lliat lii' had loronllrii lo
taki' willi liiiii a |iol of poinatiim willi uhiclilut
w.is uoiit lo oil liis inoiislailii'. Iiislioi) Taclir
had aii'ivftl on tin' pr«'\ ions ilay, aicoiiipaiiii'<l
liy Mt'ssis, M. A. (i Irani of Vari'imt-s. and
.l(>si'i)li Royal td' Monln-al, who wi'iil up to till
|)0.sil;oiis ill the in-w (io\ I'rniiicnl, and h'iid and
soiiii' others had iiili'i\ icw s with him on tho
iiiulil of III.' ij:?rd.* It was Ihi-n the intention
di' h'iid to reniain, hut as soon as he heard the
liiiules (»r the Sixtieth, hi< toiirai,''e tailed him
and lie crossed the Assinihoiiie to Uishoj) 'I'aches,
iil'terwards i^oiiiu' to St. Josei)h, Minnesota. The

•"I .iirt\t'ii :it l''itr( li.irr.v itii ,\iit:ii*( ll.'.nl, Snnii ;it'(i'r iii.\' ;irriviil '
-nun- iiii'lil^MT- 111* llir l>rii\ isioiLiI I iuvcnitiii-iit iTn.-i^^ril it\ or In li,,Y rliU'i' '
Hi St. ISiitiitMci'. 'I'lic.v liciKiin (u hilli iiliOMt tlir ilillli-nllii'H in vvhit'li tlit'

iiitr.v w:!" iiiMiUi'il : Mint I ro|ir-'-'i'ii(4'il 111 tlitin Ihiil tlicrr wii;* nut llif

-li'.'liir-l i|:ni»(i>r I'lir lliiMii, iIkiI iii.v riiii\ rr-jilioii.^ with ilii'i'ivihitiil tnilitiir.v

anlllHlilii'^ ll:|il rulivitli'i'il llll< tll.-lt tlll-n* Wll^ lint lllf .iliu'lllr-l il:lllK<'r< ill

l.i.'l iluii till' I'.iili i'i:iiiii' III lli(> iii'iii'li"' .-iiliiiiilli'il li.s' r.iilii'r llii'linl mill

tl ith-r ili'li'U'illrs lull! Immmi iM'ri'titi-il. I lllillk tlli',\ wlTf .-till ill lll.\

lluUH' ivlit-ii siiiiio iiiii' I'uiiir mill ri'iiiirlril Hint tlii' t i-i>u|ii hail arivcil ill
till' iMiMilli lit' till' Ili'il UImt. /Vi lil'^l I hiir.ll.v hi'lii'wil llii'-, iii'i'iiu"!' it
Wii.^ .-n .1111111. Ii-'iiii what I Ikmi'iI in Caiiailat liir tin- iicriviil nl' Ihr
Iriinii-*. TIh' ri'iitirt wliioli iva^ .ijirrail hmt llin i-iiiiiitr.\' pnivcil tu he tnii'.
VliiMii'M r'-|iiii-| \\n> th.-it llii'V liail nut iiiit.\' arrivi-il at tin' niniitli nt' tlii'
ri\fi'> lull th.it llii-.v liail aNii jiassiMl Liiwi-r Kort tlarr.x'. 1 iiiav |ii-rhji|i^
iili-i'i'M' that the llnli^ili ll.m iva.- Ilual iiii,' uviT l''iirl itariy. I hranl thill '
^iiini' mil' liail hi-cn i|i'-|i.iti'Iii'il tn ii.-i-t'rt:iiii it it uas a lai-t that tlir I riiiiji.i
ll. Ill .irri\fi|, ailil that till' I'rnv ininliHl ltii\ •■rnliiriit llinl .'^ilu'r M'lit a lilllli j

III -ic It Ihi'v Hi'ir iiiininir il|i. anil it H i.'^ ri'imilril that Ihi' ti |is hail

ai-ri\i'i|. It |iri>vi'i| trill'. I'art <it' tile ivxpi'.lii inn, tlir e.'inaiiiaii .Militiii
wiTi' hi'hiiiil.unil it was I inly I Ik> i'i'i{iilai'.-> that llihli'iilni' iiji. Intliii coiirsi'
lit tlh' iiiKlit Kirl liiiiiMiir went til inTi'i'taili wliiTi* tlii'.N' wrrr. Ill' rnilliil i
iliiit thi'V wi'iu I'liiiiin'il within ii I'liw iiiili'.'' nl' Kml liariy. It iia- lii'i'ii
ivi'iil'li"! that thi'li' wa.'< an ililcnlinli to rl•^'ist. I may rnlitrnlii'l that
."lati'iiii'iit. hi' 'aii.ii' thi'i't* WII.1 iiiil\' ton 111* twi*l\i' liini ill tin' I'nrt llit' ilii\
I ari-i\i'il, anil tlirt'r iir rmir iirihi'iii wrri' invaliili'il all'! nlil ami una hie tn
iinkraiiy i-i'-i>l('iiri'. 1 am .-'ali-licil tli.it I lii'i'i' wa> nut tin* .<li|jliti'.-t iii-
Ii'Mlimi III ri'sist. Sniiii' |irr- 111.1 iiiiiiii' til till' I'.ni thai rM'liini.'. init they I
ivi'ic I'hii'tly iH'riiini wliii I'limi' tn .ii-n imi lit iii,\' iilin-f mi iii.\ aii'i\ al. ami |
f'lr imiiiiiii's nf I'liiivi'iMiitiiiii, wilhniit llii' IrasI iinlinii III ri'.-i.-laiiii'. Mr.
Uiiyal ami .Mr. tiininl wrru timmiK llm \ ii-ilnrrt.

" Ihiriiiirlln' iiiKht t!ii' rain itniirial vi'i-y lii'tivily, ami 1ln'\ tnnk dnwii ihii
Itrili-li II. lu nil thill iii'i'iiiiiit thai, iiinriiiin;. I liinl iiiyii'lt'.ii'i'ii it tlyiiiK
Mil- |iri-\iniii rM'iiinir. I was in my linn.iu in llin mnrninu' wliini I .-law
li'irsi'ini'iii niiiniiinral tall sjii-i'il. iiinl 1 saw it w.i- .\l i . Kii'l. I I'l Iniinhiu- .
aiil iHn nllirrs, wliii wi-ri! mil nn'iiiltrrs nl thn l'rn\ isinnal iin\ri'ilii(nit. |
riii'.\ I'lihin In my linnsi'.aml I aski'il them what nnvvs tlinv liaii. Tlii-.x
•*ai'l till' trnntis Wi'ri'.illst. ji|i|iiiiai'liilitf till' I'lirt. I n|n'in'i| llin i nnr, liml I
-aiv thai the tnin|is w'lrr iiiiiirniichiiiK tlin l''nrl. I siiiil : ' Vnii .iiiM' li't't [
till' l-'nrl.' Itii'l ri'iilii'il: ' Vi's, wi' liavi' llril I'nr lilV-, lii'miisi' it aiipi'iirs
we liiivi' luM'ii iliM'i'ivi'il.* ' \Vh.\',' siiiil I. II'' ri'iilii'il ; ' Iti'iiiiiisit nn
liili'r aiaii liisl I'M'tiiiiK wiiworii Inlil liy Vmir l.nnl.sliiii thai ihi'iv was no j
li'iir, aint this mnrniin; a iri'iithmian arrivnl at l''iirt liiirr,\'. w lin tnhl ns
HI' ha.l In h'lni'iit Ihii risk nl niir liv .'s.' Ili'siii.l: 'It .Munln mil Iravii \
till' I'mt it is an iii'tiial tail lliiit ymi will hi- kilh'il.' 'I'lii'v at niii'ii h'I'l tin' |
K'lrl.li'aiiim.siiiini nl' tlii'ir thiniis In'liiml thrill Tlify saiil : ' Itiitlu'r I
I'liiii ran tin' risk nl lii'iiiK killi-il nr niiirilcri'il. Wf iiriiliir In li'iao llin hirt |
liri'Mniis tn thu arriMil III tlin IrnujiH.' 'I'wn nr tliroi- iiii'inlnTs nt lliij
I'rinisiiiiiiil ttnvi'i-iimnnl whn Irt't liy iiiinllu'r ilnnr, wi'rn arri'sli'il iiy
Miiiii' iHi'iiiiii'rH 111' the l').\|iiMlitiiiii, lint Whi'i' ri'li'iisi'il as snnn an Cnlnnol
W'nlsi'h.y was iniiiki iiwiiri' nl' I hi' la.-l.i, as tlii' I'niniiul hiiiLsi'll' liilil nn.'."—

ArrU.Miip 'l\ltlll<\ , -villi nil lll-JhiT Silill Ci'lllHlillir, \Xlll April, IK7I.

militia were only a shorl distiiiiei- hehind the
re;Hiilars, and iirii\ed in a lew days in -jood
heitllh and spirits ( >ni' ol' the ninsl nnlieeahle
lea til res of the j'lxpeditioii was that not a lile was
lost in any way, and thai there was an almost
entire ahsene.e ol' sickness. 'I'his is, lo a ureal
exieiil tittiilxitalde to the l.icl liial. alter the
expedition lel't Shehaiidnwaii, no spirits of any
kind were allowed. 'i'here had heeii two
canteens al I'rince .Ailhiir's Landiii!;- when camp
was lirsl I'orined there, one lor I lie reunlars iind
oiH' lor the inililia ; the hiiler was closed al
the retpiesi id' Mr. Vmi Noslraiid, Slipeinliaiy
Maiiistraie, il l>eiii<4' luiilrary in law lo sell
spirits in the \ ii iiiity of I'lihlic Wnrk-, Imt the
other was kept upen. I'roiii the time nl' euiiiaik-
alioii to the arrival at l''orl (iariy. ii" spirits
coiiKl he ohtaiiied. and tiie L!iiiid health nl llic
troops may, in some measure, lie fairly al iriimled
to that cause. Coiomd W'olseley in his report to
the Military Secretary, dated lii'iih Seplemlicr,
savs ; '' I'roin lirs! to last there was a lolal
ahseiice of criMie ; and I may add o|' sickness
also. Ne\er has tiny body nl men on active
service heeii more checiTiil or more healthy.
This has hecn one ol' I he lew military expedilioiis
wdiere spirits lia\ tH'ormed no part ol' the daily
ration, and where no inloxicaliiiu' liipior was
ohlaiiiahle. I consider lliat the al)o\ e-meiitioned
happy results are in a ureal measure to he
attributed to this liicl ; a lariic ration of lea was
issued instead, and I I'ound that the men worked
helterlhaii 1 had ever seen soldiers do ujioii any
previous oct iision where rum roniied pail ol'
their daily allowance."

IP. — The position of Colonel Wolseley on
his arrival wah a diliiciilt one. The purchase

uufiicy lor the North-WesI hiul

, ■ , ..till • '■''"' 'iiiii'iiii i'"-i I

heen paid o\ er to the Hudson s nrc.inmi \v.ii-,i.'>

.. , . , ,, . .NiiCnil aiilhnril.v.

J5ay Company, (llth May); the
Order ill Council Iransi'crrinn' the lerrilory to
Canada had boon passed (li.ird .luiie), and ihe
Hon. A(hims G. .■\rchil)ald hail been appointed ,
Lioutenant-( iovernor ol' (he New rrovince ( JiHh
May), but lie had not ariived, and (^)lone|
Wolseley I'ound that there was no Civil Ciovorn- '
meni, no provision havin<;' l)eeii miuhi lor any

i:': ;'

i;'" 11

;

|^^^^H|i

l^^^^^li

iMi

IaAm

'iriTLKs iiis'i'(»i;v (iiriii: i»omim(»n oi- cwAhA.

iiili'irciiiiiiiii Im'Iwcch lilt' ()\ I'ltliiow (>r IvMfl iiinl
llic iiislallaliiiii ol' ( ii>\ criior AnliilMld. Ili>
liad IK) < i\ il aiilliorily. aiul to ha\ o |>i'*>< lainu'd
Martial law wniild liavc liccii iiiusi iiijudifioiis,
t'spi-riiilly a.s then' was nol llic least scinhlaiicc
ul' rt'sislaiici', and not a nIioI liad Immmi lircd
fxcrpl IlioM' 111' wi'li'iiiiii' to tlu' lioops. Many
oj' lliojsc wlio had siiU'cifd iiiiprisomiiciitor otlirr
Wfoiii^s at till- hands of Kiel and liis lollowfrs
wiTi! anxious lor n-v i'ni>-(', and cndraMUiii'd to
pi'i'siiadf till' < 'niniManiliiin' olliciT to issue
wanaiits I'of the aiiesi ol' Kiel and others; luil
hi , wisely, lel'iised to assume any c'i\ il power,
and held (hat tiie iliidsou's May ('ompiiny was
the only civil authority until the arrival of
(Joveriior Areliihald. A lew arrests iuid heeii
made when the truops arriveil, Imt the prisoneis
Were nrdereil III he released* Colonel \\ olseley
in his Ollieial .Journal say^-: "No arrests were
made hy the Military, and lU) attempt to imrsiie
and eaptiire iiiel and his friends. The throe or
lour piisoners who were tletained when the
troops marched into the I'ort were released
duriii'j' the day. tiiere heiui;' no warrant out
ayainsi them .uid im sworn inibruudion. Colonel
W'oiseley did not desire li> trench on the ii\i'
authoiity in any way. not ha\ inii' heeii iincsted
with |)owtu' to do so, or to act as Ijieulenaiit
Ciovernor in'iidiiu;- Mr. Archil)ald'K arrival. The
conduct of ci\ il all'airs de\()lve<l on Mr. Smith,

•" Vx'W, i*\f('|il iIk'^c hIi'i IiM\f IiimI ii'\uhiliniiiii-,\ i-\|M-i-inifi-, i';iii Inrin

lljllnl ifli'M I.I' I he i'"Mclilinri ■irilll;iir- nll Ihr Krcl nil IT liir >nmi' illl,V-" Jl'lrr

iiiir iirriviil. 'I'lirn- wrri* im pnlifM' liMniiiiiliiiri orilrr : jill llm-'i' whn liaij
• jiiriinr I 111- |i;i.il M ihti r.'iiMiTfil in l"ii|\ m- in |ii-n|ifi t>- Irnni itii'lV l> nirinv,

i^iiliTi'il llii-y iviTivinrililii'il in iiM-iiKinir lhfin.-.i'l\i"' iijinii tlin^i- w I in Inn I

liail iin> niMM-tiiiri will) ri-lii>l tilViiir^. Tlir rniii-liiin tVniit Ilir .-^hihi ul' I'i'iir

mil tirnililti)).' in wliirli iillliinl livnll'iir llir |i|- linK ti-n iiinntli:' ivii." '

tiMi Kl'i'iit I'nr iniili.v, iili'l llii'iT \v:i.>< i^nnii' lillli* Irmililr in l<t>r-,iinir tlii'in in '
|irn|iiT I'UMlniinl. 'I'hr rrlii'l li-inli-r." Iiinl ili.s;i|i|M>:irril, Imt iniiri.\' ul' lln-ir
nillii-rrnl^ Innl innri-iy irnnr liiinii-, Imiiini; In In' rnri.'rlti'n ihrunu'li llii'
in^imiiliriinrr III' I In- ir piisil inn. 'riinsi' win I Innl rrnniinnl Ininl wrrr liiml
in cxiin'HHiiKi llirii' ilisrnjilrnl III lln-^i' rrln'l>' liriim nllnwi'il In li\r ill
liirjfi'. i\\ fvy |iiri-;Milinn w;i.i t;il, rn l»\' I hi' niilil;ir,\ In pn-v i-nl jin\ sriiniis ^
'li-'liirli.inri'. Anni'il |ijirlif!s )>;il rnllrtl iilinnt till- l-'nit iinil Ihrniiu'li Ilir !
villiiKii iviili niiilil iinlil I'vciylliiin,' wiiKi|uirl,nnil n li'w .ipi'i'iiil riiii.ihililr." \
wiTi- .-wnni ill lis pnlii'i'iMiMi In jis^iii in pri'scrvitii: nriliT in Ilir Inwii.
rnrni-Miniili'ly, wlii!.|t(>y w-iis In lir hinl in (ivory shop in Ihr villimc ; iiinl
tin- tniliiiiis wliii Ini'l ycrvi'il Willi mm iis nutntirtifH niMi'il In lltr ivxcitcini'iit '
Ity llirir nniny ilrnnkrnnr^s. 'I'lir l.irnlnininl liuMTiinr w.-is liiini'l>'
cxpci-ti'il : Inil II!* iliiy .iI'liT (liiy p.'l.-M''l willimil hi^ In-iriK tiniril nl'.ii k'nnil
ili-iit i.i' iiiri' ni:iii;iKi'Mn III wjis rripiiri-il In kn-p ill ink'.- I pi If I, mill prijM'iil

nny ciilli-inii Im'Um'i'ii Ihi' ln\li.wis iinil iIium' wini Innl n nlly Ihtii in

jiiiii.-. mfiiin I Hit .\lii.if-t\." " .NiirriiliM' nl' Ihr Itnl Ki\i'r Ivxpi'ilitinii."
///.,. /.-I, I\ .i;.,H..;i/i. . I'i'liiiniiy, IK7I.

as (ioveriior ol' the Hudson's !?ay Coinpiiiiy.
Colonel Wolseley inlormed him that he htuki,]
to him as represent iii'.^' the only civil aiiihoiniv
he could recoii'iii'/.e, and that any iiiiMiiierH
handed oxer l»y him lor sale-keepin',^', should lie
taUeii care of. Many came I'orward \ olunteeiinir
to take K'iel and his liau'j', if Colonel WoLseley
would only authorize them to do so ; all leeeivi d
the same answer: 'do to a !naL;istr;ite Hn ;i
warrant, and when ohlaiiied. Mr. Smilh will
provide the means for cxecutinn' it.' A w;irr;iiii
was suhseipiently olitauied Irom a .liistire
ol' the I'eace, directillli' some one speeilied
man to arrest liiel, O'Donohue and iiCpiue,
on a char<;i' ol' murder, false imprisoninnii
and roMiery. It provetl to he informal, inid
was not oxetuitcd. In fact, no proper cmi-
staldes could he obtained Ibr the purpose :iui|
('(doliel Wolseley positively refused to alln\\
his soldiers heinn' comcrted into policeiiini.
Of course there is ii cousiderahle numher of
\ ioleiit men who have old .scores to pay oil I'm
theuiselves, aiul would he ylad of the oppni'-
tiuiity thus all'tnded to them hy the arri\ al dI
the troops."*

JO. — On the twenty-seventh two comi>aiiii'.s
of the Ontario li.ittaliou, under command nf
Major AV'ainwriiiht. arrived, hav- ,,. ,

■' ^ ' W lllnlrilWIll 1. 1 lllr

in-'- been wiud houiul for thirty- !|;;^:;'';''Vnin','i',.i''''
six hours on !.,ake Winuipci;-, and ,",'(Vn,''i)iniiii,i.'in''''"
afh-r that iho other hrii-ades '"•^'■'""""'•
cauu' up rai)idly. The period of arrival hciiin'
so much later thai' had heeii expected at the tiiiii'
the Illxpeditioii w;i.. planned, no time was lest
hy Colonel W«)isoley. in lia\ iiiii' the regular
troops start on their retuiii to Canada, so that

•'I'lir Iinpciiiil iniMrnnicni mils cvlri'iiii'ly I'lirrlnl In iivi.i.l iiii.\lliim<

likr rnplisiil nr pnilisliini'iil liy lliu | plr nl'Cii I:l nil I In' |.i-n|ili' nl'lli'il

ttivi-i. mill ('\ I'll ilis('i.itrin:i'il piii'in-ipntinn in lln- rxpcliiinii li.\- nii,\ wtm

li.nl .-iill'i'lr.l 111 llu' liiinil^ 111' llirl, w isliiiiK li. iiMiiil liny iipi riiini' nl

ii'liiliiilinn t'lir nnliiw't'iil iirt.s ; tho Crnwii ri'siTviiiK In ilni-H' tin- rinlil ul
.si'i'iim.in.sliis' iliMii'. iiml ini innri'. Willi lliis nliii-iM tin. rnllnwini: .■Ini-i.

WI1.1 in.Tili'J in llir iii.-lnn-linii- i,-^ni"l In Cnlnni'l Wnl-rliv l.yil .il

iiimlsiiy ;

" ■.!!!.— Il is iniisl iiiipni'liinl llnil liiini' nl' llio piiisniis wlni liim', ihiriiiK

111!' Iiml winliir, liiki'ii purlin Ilir Irinil.lrs nl lli'il lii\i'r si hi invniii

puny (III' uxpi'ilil inn. mill yiin will iln nil I lull liixs in ymir pnw I'r In |iii'\i'iil

lllinil ilnillK sn. I Inm' In rri'llll In ynnr ini'lnnrv llllll, linlll in linl.ll.' mill

in |iri\'iili> i-liiin III llinsi- Ki'iitli'ini'ii Inivn rxpri's-i'il llirni-.i'lvi'-s iiiixi'.ii-

In lllki- llli' nplinrlnnily nl III!' inlvmiri' nl' llii. Ilxpi'ililinn In piiy nil' llnil

ri's. \ nil will, lln-irrnrc. ilis Imimu-i' llii'iii in ii piililii' um '

sir 111 1. 1 Ihiv iiltinipl .sn In liisli'ii llicinsi'lvrs iipniiynii. '

llittriiiv

ri->oUrls

uiiKl I).'
Ui'i'iiii'^-

i'ci'i\.-l
(• \\>r :\
ilh will
wunaui

.Instil !■

<l)i'rilii'cl

l-i'piiii',

SOIIIIII'Ilt

iial. ;iim1

)l'V Cdll-

)()si' ;niil
In ;illn\\
tliit'Uirii
uuImt oI

IV oil' I'oi'

,ni\;il 1)1

iiilianii'^
lUiaitil <>r

VtlllMllllr !

^ ii'iiu r.'ii I

.'^ ^In.'licn-. I

hciiii:-
lllic lilllr
Iwivs lost

. so IIkiI

ii.l jin.vlliMi

,l,.nrl!i'.l

|i)M'iir)iiit

Ilk' i'l;lUM'

Mil. I II' I"

■ ii. im'M'iii

IHlMl.-ltl'l

„tr III.

\ i\

t i 1

■« M'*

ili

1 ■

■ ii! 1:1

:i 1

102

Tl'TTr-K'S IIISTOi!Y Ol' TIIH DOMlXfON OF CAXADA.

She Oiilli'd at Iliililax on llu' 27th. whore thirtj^-
six imssciiu-crs* witc talicn on honrd, and h'i't
lliiit poi'i on tlic I'ollowini:' (hiy. sinci' whicli diitc
nolliinii' has hccn licnvd ol' her, ;ind her late
roniains a mystery to tho present (hiy, the gen-
eral snpposition liein^-that slie struck an ii(0)erg
in the niiilil. or durina- a lo"-, and sank so
suddenly thiil there \\;is no opi)ortunity to
launch hoats or save any ol' the unl'oilunate
passeuu'ers or crew. Her loss caiised deep
anxietv and distress throu^'hout the Maritime
I'rovinces. so largi- a number ol citizens ol' those
Provinces being lost in her. For some time
there was hope that she had Ix'come disabled by
bn-akinii' her screw or I'rom some other cause,
anda Tiport that a steamer had been seen show-
ing siiiiis ol' disti'ess near Sable Island <aused
ihi' (loverniiu'iit Stemiier Druid to be .sent there ;
but nothing had been seen ol' her at the island,
and ;is (hiys grew into weeks and weeks into
months without any tidinus ol" the ill-l'aled
\essel. hope died out, ;ind it bt>came certain that,
in some unknown niaiiner, she had met a fate,
the mystery nl' which will. i)nii)abiy, never l)e
cleared up. \'ery disastrous uales i)revailed on
the coast of Nova Scniia durinu- tln' early part
ol' September, and nu the :!rd and 4th upwards
ol' I weuty-live vesselsn were stranded or I'oiin-
dered, involving a loss ol' over eighty lives and
about $l.')0,OilO worth ol' jiroperty. During the
same storm the buildiiiLis connecti'd with the
Liiihtliouse SlalidU al I'^nii' Island, I'orly-live
miles I'rom llalil'ax. were considerably damaged.
The keeper's dwelling was struck by the sea,
which madi' a clean sweep over the island, and
was wasiii'd away I'roiu its I'outidation adislaiu'e
ol' l.Vi reet,anil the keeper and his family barely
est'aped into ihc liirhthouse tower, which they
were alraid would also l)e carried away, but
which stood the Jury ol' the storm al'ter rect'iv-
ing some damaiic. On the Kith October the

•TIr' iiii.-.T • v^ fi'nni lliililiiv wi'i'i' ; Iv IlilliiiK. \',. .1. t\ 'iin.v.(\i|>l.

SliTlimi. 'Vifi {.■liiM: (i. .\. Kii...\. \V. Iv t' r, l.ii'iil. Kihiiilli. H.I';..

wile iiml ihil'l. >'i|itiiiri lliiiiiilt IMIi t{i'i.-iiiii'iil. 'riiii..<. II. Ilciliiiis

.Mii.'tiT !■'. |{. Uuliiii'oii. Wij], .MiiiTiy. .\. i\. I M, C, .Siiiiirl SiluM-, .l.ihi,

I 111 null. Willi I'l- till 111 III. I'liiiii'k I'liwiT, .Ir. ; Liiiil. Onuiiii'. U.K., wilV.-inil

rliilil: llciiiy C. .Moni'.v, .Mr. I mile, . I. \V. I'liinl. M\<^ I'liiiil, .li.liii

Tliiiiii|.« J;imi.» .\lliiii..l. I). V.iiiiiK,Cii|il. W. l\iilu'.-.Mr. tiiikiT, |{. R,

unit will': .1 nil II 1 1. I'linlv. <'liiiilr- I'l.^liui', T. 11. .MiiiilKuiiu'ry, Will. I'll I k.".

schooner Orran Trnvslhr which was under

chavi'er to the Dominion Government to snpplv

the liii-hthouses ol' Nova Scotia, and the Jil',.-

•saviim' establislnnent at Sable Island, lel't the

; latter place for llalil'ax, with a crew ol in lie and

1 one ol' the stall' I'rom the island on board, iiiul

; has never been heard of. The munber ol'

casualties to sea-u'oing vessels duriim' the year

was 2-'il,and the probal)le estimated loss about

• !§550,00(». The number of casualities to lake

and inland vessels was 104, estimated loss.s;:',.30,-

(M)0. t The total number of lives known lobe

\ lost was 210. This does not include the loss of

! the Cilii of lioslon, the number of lives lost hy

which catastrophy was 18!t and the value of

l)roperty over $500,000.

2 — The determination ol the Canadian (lov-
ernment not to issue any more licenses to
American vessels to lish in our

. I'nitiMiii I'llii'

waters, and the \iii'oroirs stei)s ii'i<iiiMii'>. sci/iire
taken to [U-otect our lisheries, had
a very marked ell'ect on the return from this
branch of industry during the year, and the
catch was very much above the averauc This
was partly owing to a liood season, and i>artly
to the greatly increased protection alforded mu'
lishermeii, which while by no means entirely
preventing the Americans from encroachiiiii' on
our inshore lisheries, still u'reatly checked their
deiiredations, and allowed our own lisheniieii n
better opportunity than they had been liel'oiv
all'orded of proseculiiiii- thi^r calling. In atldi-
tion to the British uun-boats placed on tin-
station for the protection of the lisheries. thi'
Department of Marine aiul Fisheries oiiiaiiizeil
a ^larine I'olice consist inu- of six charteivil
ve.s.sels, besides the (iovernmeiit steamers /-'(
Cnn(t(/ii'imr and fjinii/ lleaiiX These vessels w ero
armed, and were intended to prevent snuiii'ilin'-!
as well as to protect the lisheries. a nuuiher of
American vessels which freijuented our waters
for the purpose of lishing, being also in the lialiii

t Ki'i'iiil "I .Miiiifli'i- III Miiriiii' mill l''i-licrii-(i Inr Wi^K I'liiii' "'''■

I Thii I'liiiiii'ii'il M'ss.'ls wi'i'r A/ii A'., iMiniiiiiiiiilcit liy .liiiiic^ A.Tur.v:

/•.•,i„/,„i./. ,■"1111111111. Ii'.l l.y I ;. \-.SHiry, lull' l{. N.I /.V/.i 'i'. .)/./.•■'«, i-

iiiiiikIi'iI liy lliMiry Is. Ili'lt<, K, .\. I{. : Sir,,,,,t,ih; iiiiiiinliil I" il- f.

Ciiiiiiii'liiii'l : ll'.(//r /,iV«,iiiiiii iili'it hy l/iiMil. I'. Sliiiili'y lOwiii. II. N^ Ii-

Slillii .l/iii'i'i, niiiiiiiiiiiiliiil by 1<. It. Iiiu'liiiiii'u.

(lOVKlJNMKNT OF SII{ .lOIIN Y()UN(i— IMT'OHTAXT KVKNTS OF TlIK YKAI! Isto. lH.!

s uudcv ,

) supiilv
thr lilc-

Icfl thi'
uiuf iind ,
)avtl, iiiul

till' yi'iir ;
)ss iihout '
s to lakr
ass.s5:l.j0,-
)Wii to bi>
ho loss ol'
'S lost ))y
value of:!

liaii (lov- '

Cl'USL'S to

li I' llii'

JL':^. SuiZllIT
I'lii'Mll V^•^'■l■if.

tVdlll llii>
, and lilt'
li'c. This
1 i>;ivtly '
(li'd iiuf
ciitirclv
liiii'^' (111
I'd tlii'ir
oniu'ii a
M hi'lori'
111 ;iddi-

Oll till'

•vies, llu'
iL!:illi/.t'd
hart'Mvd

lllc'l-S Ltl

els Wi'l'e
iiiLi'uliiiu
muilior ol
ir \v;il''vs
Ihrhabii

1/. /,,.i„,.'"ra-

„1,M l.v .1. f.

Iw.ii.ll.N.lt-

dl' ( arrving on a very considoral)le illicit trado.
l)uiiiiU' tho season upwards ol' four hundrt'd
Ann'rican vessels were hoarded on suspicion, and
iil'leeii were seized for iniringement of the

' lisheries laws, or for infractions of the Custom's
Act. l^oiue of these vessels were condeniiu'd
and sold, and others released after trial. Of

I course this action caused a great deal of ilissatis-
faction in the United States, wliere a large
amount of capital is invested in the lishing
business, which threatened to l)ecoine a dead
loss to the shiji-owners if American vessels were
rigorously excluded from Hshinu' in C'iinadian
waters, and much ill-feeling was engendered ;

i but the Americans had only their own Govern-
ment to thank if they suli'ered b)ss and
inconvenience l)y being excluded from our
Ksheries. Our lisheries clearly l)elonged to our-
selves, and that right had not been disputed since
tbo signing of the treaty of 1818. the only point

! at issue l)eing whether the three marine miles

! mentioned in that treaty should be measured
Iroin the coast line or from the headlands, the
Ameiicaus claiming the former and the Uritish
the latter interpretation. In 1S.')4 our lisheries
were thrown open to the Americans as part of
the Heciprocity Treaty and so continued until
the American Government abrogated that treaty
in ls(!4. Then our lisheries rights reverted to
us aLiMiii as under the treaty of 1818. But the
.\iiieiiean lisbernu>n could not exist without the
Canadian inshore lisheries, their own w^aters
heinii' almost denuded of lish, and they had
become so much accustomed to li.shing in our

', iiays ihat they began to consider as a riuht what
was only accorded to them as a privilege in
exchange for privileges extended to us. As lonu'
as there was any hope of a renewal of the
Kecii)rocity Treaty, tlie Dominion Government
allowed great latitude to American lishermen,
but when it became evident that the Americans
were determiiu'd to keep on lisbiim' in our
Wiilevs and give us nolliinii' in return, the

I Doininion (r(>vernment was compelled to take
ineasures for the protection of our lisheries, and
to exclude the Anu'ricans.
ii.— As soon as noti<e was given bv the

Dominion Government that no more lishing
licenses w^ould be granted, Pre- ,,r,,i.i,Mf .uMiit.in
sident Grant issued a Proclaina- oi^.Il^r,'"''.'.'.'.!';'...'..!..-
tion to all American fishermen r.-.n.,!,,,'-.; ,„.„.-„„.«.

warning them not to trespass on Canadian
waters, and that if they did so they did it at
their own risk and were liable to seizure, but
very few of them paid any attention to either
the Proclamation of the President or the warning
of the Canadian Government and coiiliiiued to
fish as usual. Large numbers were warned i)lf
the lishing grounds and so watched by tbe Ibitish
and Canadian cruisers that their business was
rendered unprolital)le, and a few wi're seized,
but .still numbers managed to get their cargoes,
although not nearly so many as in former years.
This was extremely annoying to the Americans,
and the press was loud in its deiuuiciationsof
both (rreat Britain and Canada, but we had right
on our side, and if American lishermen would
attempt to poach on our preserves they bad to pay
the penalty of Ix'ing caught, hard as it seemed to
conliscate these vessels and, perhaiis, take from a
number of hard-working men their only means of
subsistence. The President devoted a consider-
able portion of his annual message to Consiress
to this subject.* and, after indulging in a few
ill-tempered renmrks, advised a policy of retali-

• Till' lullnwiiitr i.-^ till' p'>rtinii of tlw .Mi'.'-;i^'i' rt'lt'niuir In Cinijulijn
ulliiirs :—

" I'lie t'liiirsc piir.^iMMl !)>■ ilu' Cjiiinilirni iiiilhtirilio lii\v;ir'ls ihc ti>lu'i-

men i)t'(!u' t'riitcti Stiiti'.« ditrin^r tin- inift -oiisim Ini-' intl Im-cm iiiiirki'il liy

a IVit'iuily let'liii^r. lly tin- lir.-l artii-k' nf tlic CDiivuiitioii «it' l^H, bi'iwi-cii

I liri'iit Itt'itiiiiwiihl till- I'liili-tl Statt's, it was ak'Tft'il (lia( (ho iiilialiilatil.s

j nrthc t'liiUvi .Sniti's .slumhl have t'nreviT. in ctinnnnti with l!rili>li .siili-

! jccis. tilt! riKlil "t taking li.^li iti i-i'rtain \valt-i> (lu'i-i'iti iI<'1iii(mI. In tlio

wati-r.s iiitt inc'tinliMl in tln> limits tiann'tl in tin- (>>>ii\',-nli<>n, wlihin tlin'o

mill's 111' the imrls lA' ihi- British i-nast, it has htM'n the i'n.-'I"m I'nr many

' yi-ars t" k'i\r inli'ti'Iiiiir tislu-rnn'li ol' the I nilr.l States a irasnnal'h'

waniiiii! Ill' thi'ir \ inlatinii nf tlu' li'i'hnie'al rights nf (Iri'at th'itain. 't'lii'

Imin'tial liipvi'rnmcnt is uiiilcrstniiil tn haVL' ili'Ii'italeit the wlmlc it a

shari' 111' its jiirisilii'tiiin nr rnntrul ul" tliesi' in shnre lisIuTy t;ri>iinils to tlii'

' I'lihinial aiitliiirity known as tlir Dominion of Canaila, iiikI this si'tni-

iinli'liriiilt'iit hut irri'sponsilik' airi'iit has I'.MTi'isi'il its ilrli'irali'tt imwiTs

: ill an iinrrii'ii'lly way. Vessels have heeii sei/e.| without iiotieii or

I wiirniiit'. in \ iolation of tlie eiistom pre v ion sly prexjiiliin.'. ami iia\e heeii

tiiUeii into the I'olonial ports, their voyat'i'^ lii'oken up. ami llie vessels

leimieil. There is reason to helieve that thi> nnlViemlly ami ve.xa-

tioiis !'■ 'almeiil was clesimieil to hear harshly upon the hanly li-hennen
of the ; iiiti'il Stales, with a view to [loliiieal elli'i't on this (loverninent.
I The statnles of the Itnminion of Caninla assume a still hroailer ami more
untenal'le juris, lietion o\er the vessels of the I'liiteil .States, as tlii'y
authorize ollieers nr persons to lirimj vessels lioveriiiK within tliriie inarine
miles of any of iho ^'oiists. Iiays, ereeks. or harhors of Canaila into imrt In
st'iireli Iheir earu", t" e.vaniine the master .ir mate louehini,' the eai'noaml
voyaue. In inlliel n|iiin liim a hoavy pei-iiniary penalty if true answers are
niiltliveii; unit ifsueti ii vesnel is I'miml prepiriiu: to lish williin three

l.t:

TlJTTrJ'VS TTISTOIJY OV THE DOMIXION" (W CAXADA.

ation, iidvocatiim' an abolition of tho bondinii'
systom l)y w Inch <i:()0<ls aro coiivcyt'd thi-o\i!»'h
Ainoricaii territory to ("aiiadian ports without
payment oi' diilies; and made a most extraor-
dinary olaim to the right ol' Americans to navi-
•••ale the St. Lawrence. Towards the end of
the year, al'ter the dolh'ery oi' the rrosidcnt"s
Message, it iooUed I'or l . nile as ii' the lisheries
question might lead to grave complications on
the opening of the next season; but, happily,

lUiirinc iiiilps'iif iiiiy tpf such t'n;i.«ts, hiiys, crcfks m- liiirtmrs williniit a
liiuMise. (ir jit'tcr tin- cxpinition nl' the iK'riod niiincd in lln' Inst Mimmisi-
);riint<Ml tn it, tlii'.v prnvi.lc tlml tin) vessel, witli lier tiickle, .Ve., \'>'., ;-'iiali
he lurt'eileil. IMs nut kiinwii that any eDrHleninatinns have heen made
uniler lliis statute. Slamld the autlioiities nt Canada attein|<t tci elirnreo
it, it will hei-iune in\ dut,\- to take sui-li steiis as may he necessary tn |iro-
led the riL'hts iif the iiti.?eiis nf the Inited Slates. It has heen claimed
liy Her .M.'i.iesty's nlliccrs that t he tishiuK vessels of the I'liited Stales have
nil rik'ht t" eiiliT the "iieii iiurts id' the liritish imssessiiuis in Xiuih
.America exeepl fur tlie iiurjinses nl' shelter and repairiuK damaites, id'
luirchasim: u'lied. and uhtainin^' w.'iter; that they have nn rit.dit to enter
at the ih'itish ctistnin-hiuises ttr tii trade, exee|it the imrehase id' wmid
and water; and that they must do|)art wilhiti (wenly-l'iMir hmirs al'ter
niiliee to lca\e. It is not ktniwn that any sei/uru ol' a lishiiiK \ ess<d ear
rviiiK the lla^Mit' the liiited States has lieen made tinder this claim. So
I'ar as theclaitn is t'utiiided on analliT'cd consiruction ol' the convention
olI^lH. it cannot he aciniescud in hy the rnited St.ates. It is hiiiied that
it will not he iii-isted on hy Her .Majcly's ()o\ crnmenl. linriiiKthc
conlerenees which iireeedc.l the ei)n\ention of Isls. the Hritish Commis-
sioners jiroposcd to ex|>ress|\' exclude the lishcrmen of the rnited States
from the jirivile^'eof carr\'ini-'on iraih* with an.\' <d His Britannic .M.-ijesty's
siilijects residing; within the limits assi^'ucd fur their use : and .also that it
should not hel.iwful for the vessels of the liiited States elii-'at'cd in sudi
lisliery to ha\e on hoard any ironds, wares or tnerchandise whatever,
except sui'h :.^ were neces^arj' for the itrosiaaitioll o| their \o.\aKe to atui
from said tisliim.' grounds, and .iny .csscl cd' the rnited States which
should contr.-iveni' this reLMihition to he seized. cnndeniDed and eniitis-
cated \vitli her caiv'o. 'I'liis lu'oposition. which is identical with the
consiruction now jutt upon the laiiuiiat'e of the eoiiventiiui, was emiihati-
cally rejected hy the .\mericaii Commissioners, and therefore was
ahiindoiied hy the Mrilish IMenijiotentiaries, and Article l.,a.s it stands
in the eonveidion, Wiis suhstitnlcd. If, howe\eril he said that tile claim
is founded on I'rovincial or Colonial statutes, .iiid mil upon the ennven-
tiiin, this iio\eriimcnl cannot hut ret:ard them as ind'riendly and in
contravention ot the .-piril. if not the letter of the treaty, I'or the laithl'nl
execution id' wliiih the Imperial iio\ernment is .aliim* respiuisihie.

" .\nticiiiatiiii.' that an atteiniu may |ios<ilily he made hy the Caiaidian
authorities iu the coniiim season to re|ieat their unm.'ii-'hhiirly acts
towards our lishermeii, 1 recominend yoii to confer uiion the Kxecntive
the power to siisiiend, hy a proclaination, the operation of the laws aiitliD-
ri/intf ihe transit of ^iimU. wares and merchandise in hoiid across the
territory of the rnited States to Canada, aial further, should such an
extreme measure hecomi' necessary, to -u..pend the operation of any laws

wherehy the \essels (d' the I inioii of Canada are iicrmitted to enter

the Witters of the rnited St.ites. A like utilriendly dis|iosition has heen
manifested on the iiart of Canada in the maintenaiu'c of a cl.aim of ritdit
to exclude the citi/ent' of the I'nited States from the uaviiration of the
St. liawreiice. This rlM'r constitutes a national outlet to the oci'ati for
eii-'ht States with an airirrcKate |io|iulation of ahont IT.iKHi.diKi inludiitanls,
and with an aKiireirate lomiai;e of ili'd,.'lii7 tons upon the waters whiidi
discharxu into it. 'I'ho foreiKti eommerco id' our iiorts on these waters i.i
open to liritish competition, and the nnijor |>arl of it is done in Mritish
hottoms. If the American seamen ho excluded from this natural n\cnne
to the ocean the mouopoh of the direct commerce lA^ the hike ports with
Ihe Atlaidic would he iu foreign haiels. their vesscN nu the transatlantic
Miyaires havliiK access to our lake |iiirts, which would he denied to an
American \essel on a similar vo\ak'e to the States. Such a iiroposition is
to refute its Justice. liiiriuK Ihe adiiiiuislration of Mr. .lolin Qiiiney

before that time arrived a spirit of coiu'iliation
had l)een assumed by both nations, lunl iho
I' Joint High Commission was i>repiiring the \\;iv
i for the delinite settlement of tlie lisheries (|U('s-
|i tion for a number of years.
1 1 4. — The summer of 1870, was very dry in^onu'
' sections, and was marked by unusually exten>ivi>

I'orest fires, which devastated i,.,,..,, i,,,^!,,, .,„
' large trai'ts and destroyed great J,\?,|,',!,.'i';n,','ih'.'' '''''
:j (luantities of r.-aped and grow- "" '"^"li'"'"-

' Adams, Mr. Clay nnuuestioiiahly demonstrated the nalural rinlit o| ih,.
eili/.ens of the I'liited St.i;;.' 'o the naviualion of the river, cLiiiaiiii; ili:ii
i: the Acfid'Comrress of Vienna, in ■ipeniiii; the llhine and other riicr^ i"
I ! all nations, showed the Jii.lt'ii'cnt ol Kuroiiean Jurists and statesmen tli:ii
'' Ihe inhahitaids of a countr' lhroai.'l ididi a n.-ivij-'ahlc river pas-e- have
a natural ri»ht to enjoy the navi^'ali'. '' th.it ri\cr to and into the -en. |
even lhoui.'h iiassim; th-.ouu:h the terrilory of another |iower. 'fhi- ri^'ht ,
does not exclude the Co ci|Ual rii-dlt of tile soverciirn posses.-iiit: the
, territory throne!; iMiicli the ri\er dclionches into the sea to m;ike such
I I reitulalioiis relative to the ludicy of the niu it'.ition as may he sea.Miii:ihly
] necessary, lint those rOKulations should he fiirmed in a liheral sjiirii nf
eoinily. and should not imiaise needless hiirdeiis iipoii the conitiieirc I
I which has the riiiht of transit. It has heen found in practice lanrc ■
I advantaireons to arramre these rcKiiIations hy mntnal airrccinenl. 'I'tie
:' I'liited Stiites are ready to make iiny reasoinihle arramreiiient as I,, da'
na\ itration of the Iti\erSt. Lawrence wliich may he su^'ec-led hy liicai

' Ihitain. If the cl.iiin nnide hy .Mr. Clay wasju-l when the ii.ipiilali f !

States hordcrini; on the shores ot the lakes was only .';,|l»i.ui«i, it ii„w ,
recei\es irreater force and eiiiiity from the inercased po|iulation. wejillli.
lirodiiction and tonnaire of the Slates on the Canadian frontier. Since
.Mr. Clay aihanced his jnvument in hchalfof our riirht, Ihe iirinciple far ;
which he eontended has heen I'renucntly and hy \arioiis nations recon- 1
iiized hy law or hy treaty, has heen exteinled to se\eral other trreiit rners. i
Hy the treaty concluded at Mayeiice in Ivil, the Khine was deilari'd ,
free from the iioint where it is tirsi uaxicahle into the sea. Iiylheciia- :
vention hetween .Spain and Portii-al. concluded in ]<'>■'>. the naviuatioii nl ■
the llotiro thnHiKhout its wdiolc extent was in.ide free for the sul-Jccts of
holh crowns. In IH'i.'i the .\irenliiie Conledcralion hy Ircaty IhrcH open

the free iiii\ ij-'ation id'the I'ar;iiiii and I'r:iL'ua.\' to the merchant vi Is i.f

a r. nations. In Is,')!') the Crimean war was closed hy a treaty which laii-
\ided forthofree n:i\ iuation of the Panilhe. iu Wo** Itolixi.i l.\ irc.ily
declared that it reu.irded the rivers Ama/on and l.a I'hila, in aeeordainT ;
with fixed |irilici|des of national l:iw, as hiicliwa> s or chauinds o|)cncd hy
N'atiire for the commerce id" all nations. In WV.i the raraunniy wa- laade
free hy treatv', and in Ilece'iiiher. Isiiii, the I-lmtteror of llrazil hy Inii.crial ;
decree declared the Amazon to he open to all the Ironticrol lirazil- ;iiid
to the merchant sliiiis ol' all nations. The i;rcatcst li\inL' liritish .latlio-
rily on this suhject, while asicrtiuif tlio :ihsti'acl ri^lit ot the ISritidi

' ehiini, s;iys ■ It seems dillicult to deny tti.it lit t Mritain nniy uroand her

reliisal tijioii strict law, hut it is e<iu:illy dillicult to ileny~l-'ir>'l, that in >i>

duiim,slie exercises harshly an extreme and hiird law. Secondly, Iliat

' her eondiict with res|iect In Ihe naviwilion of the St. Liwrencc is in

ularinu and di'.'redilahle it nsisiency with her coudiict with respeot In i

the navinalioii of the .Mississi|i|ii : on the ttronud that she po->esM'iI i j
small domain in which the .\Ii-.^is,:ippi took its rise she insisted on the |

riiiht to naviiiate il liri^ volnnic of its w.'ilers ; on the i:rouiid lli.'it -lie

liossesses holh hanks ol the St. Lawrence where il discniliouues ilM'lf iiil"
the sea, she denies to the I uited Slates the ritflil of muii-Mliou, tliuiaili
alioiit one-half of the waters of lakes Ontario. Krie, Huron and Siiiierier,
and the whole of Lake iMichiLran, Ihroinrh which the ri\er Hows, arc ilic
property of Ihe I'nited States. The whole nation Is iiiteia'Sted in seciiriiie
cheap Iransporlatioii from the aKriciiltiiral States of Iho West to tlie
.Mlantic seaboard. To the eili/.ens of these Slates it offers a ureater
return I'or their lahoi— to Ihe inhahilanis of the ^eahoard eheaiier hioil- ^
to the nation an increase lo the annual siiridus of wcallh. Il is |e l>c
hoped that the liovrrnment ol' Ureal Drilain will see the Ju-ticc ef
ahandonimt the narrow and inconsistent claim lo which her Caiiadi.iii
I I I'l'oviiiceH Iiiive urced her adherence." |

COVHHX.MKNT OF SIH JOHN YOrNfi— IMPORTANT RVHXTS OK TlIK YKAIJ ISTO. V.K,

j' iiiii liiiiin, tou'other with iiiiiiiy lium houset*

; 1111(1 l)uil<liiius, iiiiil caused the loss of st'vcral

lives. Ill Miiy I he liivs aniuiul Fort William

i iuul tlu'oiig-h Thunder Bay district swept over

j more ihaii 20 miles ol' territory, hut did little

j (liiiuiiue other than to the I'oroist, while large

tnu ts were also desolated in the Sajiuenay

ii'iiioii; and, in July, u'reat dainane was done in

; \c\v Bnuiswick by hush-lire.s. The sireatest

loss aiidsuii'eriim, was, howev.'r, exiterieneed in

ilie Ottawa distriet, where lires raued I'or weeks

I diirinii' July and Ausjust, and were extremely

' destructive, especially in the immediate lu'ighhor-

hiiod ol Ottawa city. There had been no rain

; lor two months and the country was so

I thorouiihly parched that cattle were suH'ering

j severely for want ol' grass, when several bush-

j lires broke out in C'arleton, Ottawa, Templeton.

I Man h and other counties, and for days devastated

I these nourishing districts. On the night of ITth

j ol' AuL'ust tlu're was a strong gale of wiiul which

j swept the ilames with resistless fury before it

1 1111(1 spread destruction every where. The village

Of lleH's Corners, nine miles from Ottawa, was

, entirely desti-dyed ; of the twenty-six l)uildings

: which comprised it, only the two churches being

left standing, and these were only saved after

ureal exertion. In Central Hull a great billow

of llaiue nearl\ \vo miles wide rolled through

ihe i<.i\vnshi|), licking up in its path, everything

liiiil would burn, and scarce a I'arni house or

l);uii escaped its fury. The village of Stillsville

was destroyed, and the townships of March and

Nepeanalso suilered heavily. The large piling

uiouiids of Ciilmour iSr Co., at Hull were burnt,

;ui(l over (;,000,(lUO feet ofluml)er, valued at about

*Tr).imii (h'stroyed. The works of tiie Hull Iron

Mines were also burnt : and for upwards of a

Week the lires raged with unceasing fury. The

<'ily of t)ttawa was al one time in great danger

; iiiul the bank of the Wideau canal was cut and I

tile wal(>r allowed to Hood the low ground at

ilie west end, so as to oiler a slight obstruction

te the Ihiines which were advancing from the

Wends ; Imi, fortunately, the daimvr was averted.

Niulil and day lor more than a week the farmers

Were kept hard at work lighting the lire for i

their homes, and often their lives and the lives
oftho.se nearest and dearest to them. Nine lives
altogether were lost, and large numbers of
cattle, &c., perished ; and there were numerous
instances where whole families had to covver in
potatoe-lields with their faces close to the ground
to escape sullbeation, whilst the liery Ilames
licked up all their household treasures, and the
dense smoke rolled over them in dark masses
threatening life it.self should thi>y inhale its
heated breath. Ottawa was covered as with a
pall, and the black ma.sses of sm(»kc hun<i' over
the river so as to stop navigation, and extended
even as far as Montreal, which was shromU'd
as if in a mourning veil. On the twentieth it
commenced to rain, and tiie great daimcr was
passed, but the lires still continued in the
woods for some time. The loss was estinnilcd
al over $1,000,000, aiul hundreds of families
were rendered homeless and destitute, who, a
few short days before, had been in comfortable,
if not allluent, circumstances. The people of
both Provinces came forward at oik c to the relief
of the sull'erers; large sums were subscribed in
the leading cities, and the Local Legislatures
voted grants for the relief of the distressed.

ft. — The large cities also sulhired heavily from
the Fire Fiend. On the 28th February the ele-
vator of the Northern Kailway

, n, , i' 1 1 1 1 Oi'-liiiili\i' liri'.-i ill

at 1 oronto was entirely ilestroyed Ttmiii.., ijuihw ami
With lis contents, involviim' a
loss of ^200.000, and, on the morninii- of the
24th May, another of those large lires, which had
ai)parently become periodical, broke out in
Quebec, and did immense damaiic. flu' lii'e
originated in the baker-shop of a man named
Lortie, in 8t. liochs, and spread with great
rapidity to the adjoining buildiniis, which, being
mostly of wood.andold, burned like tinder, and,
despite the utmost exertions of the liremen and
Ihe military, 434 houses were destroyed before
the lire was got under control. Of these jiouses
.')71 were of wood, 4S of brick and only
T) of stone, and upwards of r),'M)0 pc(ipl(> —
nearly all belonging to the poorer cla.s.se.s — were
rendered homeless. Two large composite ships,
nearly completed, were destroyed in the ship-

H i

Hii L

1!)(!

TTTTLI'l'S iriSTOIJV OF TIIK DOMFXIOX OF CAX/vDA.

yiird ol' Ml'. Baldwin, and the total loss by the
liro was csliinalcd at nearly hall' a, million, the
greater part of which lell on i)oor pi'oi)le, who
had no insui'ance, and who lost their all.
Montreal was espocially unlbrtunate, l)eing
visited by a suceession of large lires, which
swept away immense tjiiantities ol' valual)K'
]iroperty. On the night ol' the 10th ol' .lune
nearly the whole western wing of th(> Montreal
Warehousing Company was (b'stroyed, and
in,(lO() ))arrels ol' Hour and 120,000 bushels of
wheat either l)urnt or injured by water; the
total loss being about $200,000. On the same
night the Dominion Glass-Works were buriu>d ;
loss )J;'{0,0(lO. On the 2:,'.d a most disastrous
lire broke out in Ostel ifi ("o.'s sash and door
factory on the canal bank, and quickly spread to
Tucker & .Son's saw-mill and Shearer's saw-
mill and luml>er-yard. where over 1,000.000 feet
of luml)er was piled, the whole of which,
touetlier with the l)uildings, was consumed.
The lire burned liercely for several hoiu's, the
llames ( overing an area of about ten acres, and
the rellectioii beinu' visible at a distance of
l'orty-li\(' miles. About twenty small houses on
St. i'atrick street and Manufacturers' lane were
also burnt, and the total loss was over $2r)0,000.
Nearly 400 hands were thrown out of employ-
ment. On the lifith another lire was discovered
in that part of the Montreal Warehousing Com-
pany's stores which had been partially buriiton
the lOlh, which was supposed to have beim
caused liy a portion of the grain partially burnt
at the lirsl lire l)ursting into a liame again
after having smouldered for over i wo weeks.
This time llie western wing of the building
was entirely ilestroyed. inllieting a loss of al)out
$r)0,000, and 12,000 bushels of wheat were also
consumed. On the 2!)th tln^ extcMisive llouriiig
mill of Parky 11 & Co., at Cote St. Paul— thi'
largest establishment of the kind in the Province
of (^tuebiT — was burnt, and with it SO.OOO
bushels of wheal, 20,(100 of wliich had been
saved from the lirst lire at the Montreal Ware-
housing Cnnipaiiy s store. The loss by this lire
was about $1^)0,000. A large iiumlier of incen-
diary lires also occurred during the summer

and lall. Altogether, Montreal had more th:iii
her average number of lires — especiallv of iai"v
ones — during the year. i

(i. — One of the most important events of ilu.
year was the withdrawal of the Imperial troops,
in jmrsuance of a ])olicy which

1,1 1 i I • ii '''"■ ivilli.lr.iH.il

had been adoiitcd in tlicorv or iiif iniiiiiii
many years before, but had not
)>een put into i>ractice on account of exceptii.ual
cases. The polisy of the Mrilish (loverniiieiu
towards her colonies may lie brielly slated as
that of ri'([uiring them to take measures toy
protecting themselves, as far as military jirii-
tection was needed in time of pt-ace, wiihoui
its having the slightest intention of abandoniii'.;
them to their own resources, or of lessening in
any way the obligations for mutual a,s.sistaiici'
in time of war. As far back as ISol Earl (xroy, :
then Secretary of State for War and the Colonics, '.
wrote to the Governor-General of the old
Province of Canada to the (Ml'ect that thel3rilisii
Government was of opinion that the colony
was in a positit)ii to relieve the Mother Counlry
of the expense of maintaing a large armed
force there in time of peace; -^ and. in IS;!:!, (In.
force in Canada was reduced from 4,110 to 8,17')
bayonets, which was reducing the force to lis
.standard of 1,7!>2 and 1,H22, Th<" outlnvak n!'
the rebellion in the I'nited States and ihc

•Till! rollowiiiu: c.xtnuM t'roiii Miirl fircy's ilospat'-li \vill slinw III,- riM-lim:
(if I 111' llrilisli (lini'iiiiiu'ril iin I In' ciuc^liiiii ill lllMl lilili', l>*.'il :

''Cjuiii'lii (in ruiiiiiinh with till' iitlii'r Itriti.'^li I'nn iiH'Vs In .N'orlli
Aini-rii-ii) iiitvv |M)..'h'i>.,'Si-s, in tin' iii(i..i| tiiii|ili' iiiiil cimipti'ti^ niiiiinfr in
wliit'li it is pns.'^ililf lliiit .-'III' .^liiiiilil i'n.inv i(, lliu iiil\tiiil:i^'os 111
.^('ll'jrdvt'rnini'iit in .,11 tluit n-lafrs tn Iicr inli'rniil iitljiir.-. ll iipiii'iir" In
jli'i' .\tiiji'^ly'.<< <ii>M'rr!iiii'nr tlntt lliis jiilviinlii.;!' oimht In r.-irry uilli ii
rnri'<!.'4|>nni|iin; ri'Sjinnsiliililii"'. .'iinl tliiil till' lime i^ nnu I'nmi' whrti Ilu'
lil'iijili' 111' Ciilil l.'l llin.'^l III' c.illi'il lllKili 111 l:illi' llliiill llii'ln.''i'lvi's :i illliri'i
.-liMiT lliiin llii'y Ilim' liiilii'i-lii ili'iii' III i'V|.i'nsi'.'< which iin- iiiiiini'il mi
llii.~ iiii'iinnl, iirnl r.n- lli.'il- inlMinlrit'i'. ef lin.-c i.,\|ii.nsi'«, hy hir ilii'
lii';uic'.«l i'hiiri.'(' whii'li lulls iiimn llii.'< I'lnintry if lliiil inriirri'il lur llir
in ill liny innli'i linn nl'lhn I'mtincr, lti,'iiui'iliiiK Ciiinnhi a." .1 iimsl iiiijiiii''
Mini mill viilniilih' juirl nl' Ihi' Kinpiii'. un<l liclicv iiiK Ihi' niuiiili'iKiiu'i' ul

Ihi' I'linni'i'liiin lii'lniu'ii Ihi' .Mnilii'i' Ci iryiiiiil iIk' Cnliniy In hi' n! Ilii'

liiKlir-l iichunlKKc tn hul h, it is liir IV. in lu'inii llii' \ ii'w nf Hit .M;i.ii'-ly'."
Onvi'i-nnu'iil thill Iin* (rrniTiil inililiiry jinwiT nl' thn I'lnijiiii' is nut In lii'
iisi'il in Ihn iii'iili'i'tinn III' this |iiirl iil' lii'r .Miiji'sly's I linn in ions : luil Inok-
ililf III Ihii rupiil |n"^'ii'»s which Ciiiiii.hi is imw nnikiliK in ivi'iillli iiml
pnlinliiliini, mill In ihi' ji'iispiTilv which .shciitthis ninincnl riijnyS' il ii<
Ihi' ciiiuiclinii III lid- .Miiji-ly's lliivcninii'iil llnil it is niily ilnc I" Iin'

I pli' lit this I iiliy tinil they shinihl imw lie rclii'vcil IV hwv" l>i'i>'

pni'linii III' I lie ehume which hiis hitherin heeii iiiijinseil 11 pun Ihi'iii h>rlln<

prnlecli I'll I'nlnny lliiw well llhle In il lell tnWlinls |.|nlcclillK it.'cM',

In iiilnplinit this piinciple, I iieeil hiinlly nliserve In ynii ihiit Her
Mn,iesty',H (lii\ei'iiiiieiil wniilil iiieieiy he leveiliiiK In the Inrini'i- I'liliniinl
linliey iit'lhiH eiiillilry."

lore than !
y (>r larufc

its of the
iul troop.s,

lll>lr;l».'il
illll'CI'i.'ll

:ct'pti()iiiil
vcnimi'iu
slated as
isiiri's liir
lary in'o-
, witlidiii
•aiuloiiiiiu
ssoiiing ill
assistance
virl a ivy,
) Ciiloiiics,
■ Ihc (lid
the IJrilish
he colony
T Cminlry
rgc armed
isr,:',, til,,
lo .'1 170
l'C(^ Id it>
Ihivak cil'
and llic

.!« ill,' Cl'llilll.' '

. in N..,-,l, ,
Hiaiiiicr III I

uhldllMUC- "1

It .-ipii.-.d-l.!
'.irry «illi ii ,
..Mil' wlii'ii llii' ;

..^ II hilLMT

icurit'il "III

,.-. I.y liH- ilii'

iirri'il r.ir llii'

^1 iiiii.-l iiii|iiir

l.lihli'lMll'''' "t
1,, III. Ill lliv

n>rM:i,ii-iv'-
I mil I.I 111'
inns; lull liii'k'
in wt'llllll :lllil
Ml I'lljii).'' il '"

illy .III.' I" III''
MM II liirei' I'l'ii-
III Ihi'iii I'.'i'llii'
..ii'iliiik' ilsi'll'
v.iM llinl lli'f
iiniii'i-.'.il.iiiiiil

CiOVERXMKNT OF SIR JOIIX YOTTX(;— IMPORTANT EVKXTS OK TIIK W.Ml l.'^TO. 107

" Trout aH'air" showed very coiudusividy that
Enulaiid had no intention ol' abaiulonini^ hor
colonies or to leave tlicni to protect tliemsehes
in time ol' war. Ov(>r 10,000 troops were at
once thrown into Canada, and a very con-
siderable army maintained here dviriny- the
coiiliniiance ol' the war and after. The British
(roM'innient con.stantly urged on the Canadian
(Jovcriiinent the necessity of i)roviding for
defence, and a<>'reed to iiuaraiitee a loan oi'
fl.lOU.dOO for that purpose, l)ut nothinii' wa.s
done in the matter of withdrawing the trooj)s
luitil 18(38, when it was determined to greatly
reduce the number of troops in Canada, and
ultimatidy to withdraw them altogether, except
from Halifax, which was to be considered as an
Imperial naval and military station, and garri-
.'<oiied by about 1,500 troops. At this time —
ISlis-O — the war oiliee "distribution of regi-
ments" showed that there were altogether
."jO.di.) troops stationed in the coLmies, of
wliiili 10, 18;') or nearly one-third were stationed
in Canada, Nova Scotia and Xewfoundland. *
This number was reduced by '■],5'^2 in 1808,
and a still further reduction to(dc place in I80i>,
by which about 8, ,700 men were left in the
Dominion, and Ihcsi" were all withdrawn
dining the year I87'l, cxt'cpl the force which
was to be permanently stationed in Halifax,
and a garrison which was left for the winter
at (Quebec. All the fortresses, barracks, ike,
were handed over by the Imperial to the
Dominion authorities, and a (juantity of stores,
animunilion, &c., for some of which the
DeiiiiiiiDii (lovernment was charged, and the
remainder being presented to it by the Imperial
Government. Amongst the articles so presented
were upwanls of 4:!,000 mu,skets, wh-ch had
been loa-ied lo the local authorities for the i)ur-
po.se of arming the militia.

7. — The people of Canad.i felt this course of
actimi not so muili on aecouiil of the withdraw al

* iM'ilUIIMI.lN ..I 'ril.llll'.S ISllS-'l.

Cilliii.lll I'J.'Jl I

.V..M1 S.'.ilia .'),il7,'i

.Vi'Hr.iiiii.ii I •_«»•,

'I'uiiil hi.jsj

of the i)hysical force, as on ac- -n,,. ,.,,,„„„ „i,v
count of the imp'ied withdrawal l.';,;!;;;;';.!';;;''^,!,,!,!
of moral suppjiort, and th.« sup- "«""'■" •••'"""^i"'-
posed disposition of the Mother Country to sever
thel)ond of connection with theCohniies. but this
we were assured both in oliicial despatches and in
<lebate in the Im])erial rarliament. vas not tlu; in-
tention of the Home tJovernment, and that il was
inlluencedonly by aspiril ol economy, and an im-
pression that the colonies were stronu' enough to
bear them.stdves the burden of such milita'-y or-
ganizal ions as may be neces.sary in times of peace.
The Dominion (Jovernment look even stronger
ground than this, and urged that the only
danger to which Canada was ex|)osed was from
the Fenians harbored in the I'nited Stales, and
from any diiliculty into which ICngland may
be drawn with that power; a diiliculty which
would arise out of circumstances over which
Canada had no control, and was in no way
responsible — other than as an intcLiral part of
the Ihilish Emi)ire. .'Vs to l''enianism, il was
nrged that the I''enians had nocause of complaint
against Canada, and thai their alta>ks on her
were only caused by fancied injuries inllicled
by the people of Crreat Hritaiii on the people of
Ireland, and CJreat liritain ought to all'ord at
least a portion of the defence against these
incursions which were cau.sed by enmity to her
instead of lo Canada, although the latter had to
bear the expense and annoyance of the.se attacks.
Still the IJrilish (Jovernment held toils purpo.sc;
and Earl (Jranville even took occasion lo
impute the Fenian raids lo what he was pleased
lo term "an aceidcnt of ueographical position,"
rather than to the moiH- serious cause of deep-
rooted antipathy to (Ireat Brilaiii. In his
despabh of 1-Hh April, IStl'.t, to the (lovcrnor-
(leiieral, he says : "Her Majesty's (ioverument
trust that the annoyance arising l'r(nn the organi-
zation of Feniaii'sm in the rnitcd Stales is fast
disappeariny'. This oreanizatioii, fdiiiidedun the
hostile ieelings ei'leitaincd by numerous Irish-
men in the I'niled Slates ayaiiisl ( I reat Hritain,
derived its substantial iinporlautu' from the
circumstance Ihal larue armies had recently
been disbandctl and were not yet thoroughly

... J;i,.

: 4 ial^^

'"I

;t.

mil lij ■ 1 *

RfT?

i ■

ir'

\M 'M

r i ' T'l' r. I'ls 1 1 1 s'r( > [{ n- < > i' 'i" 1 1 k i x > m i x i o x ( ) i' c a na i > a .

ciiriyinu' out the schemn thiit it would havi' tin-
11(1 Villi liii>v ol' Ihc iiioriil and iiiatcM-iai sui)ii()it ol
the I'jinpire. We had uiidortaki'ii llio task, and mj
i'ar, iiirrit'd it out siucossi'iilly. Imi at very i oiisi-
dcrablc sarvilico, and a saoriliio that was likrly
to lit' continuous. Th(>ro was a yrowiuir fccliim'
in Canada oi' dissliust in the disposition of tin'
Imperial (lovornnicnt touivc us that supi)iiii lo
which w<' thought oursdvos cntillcd. il u.i-,
.somewhat dillicult to poini out the exact umuiKis
which had occasioiu'd this h'clin'u', hut nciicinlly
it, proctM'ilcd Ironi the lone adopted hy pulilir
men, and i)articularly by nieniheis ol' liie (i(i\-
ernment.in lel'erence lo Colonial and Canadian
topics. Thorc seenn'd lo us to be a disposition
to overlook the exertions we had made I'or tlie
purpose ol' preservinn' the connection, and to
dei>reciate the strong' leelinL;' ol' allaclinicnl
which subsisted towards tlie Mother Country.
and we ai)prehended ii leiKh-ncy on the pail
ol' the Government to withhold from ns lliat
assi.- "ce and support so liUely to cenieni liic
existinij rtdations.

" Lord Kimberley said that his attention had
been called to the I'eelinii' of dislrtist to w lii' li
1 had referred, but that lie th(mi;hl nolhiiiii liad
been d )ne by llie British (iovernmeni l<i aliiird
any iirounds lor it ; there was no desire lo
sepaiale Canada from the linipire. and so lonii'
as we desired lo remain connected they roiiM
! not eithi'r in duty or lionour, do anytiiini:' in lln-
direction of severing' the connection ; he tlioicjlil
1 the t'eelinu' ol' distrust Uf justilied by anylliuii;'
! that had occurred, 'i'lic Uovernnient did noi
wish to interfere with the I'reedom of Caniida's
future, but so lout;" as she chose to remain
connected with the Empire, so loni;- under id!
circumstaiu;es of foreign aLf^'ression was iln'
Empire bound to nniinlain the Union, and
would do so; but, in internal alliiirs il was
tiio duly of Canada to i)rotect herself.

" 1 said tiiiit we had for many years undei'takcu
Ihe maintenance of the internal peace of Ihc
count ry, but thai we did not consider tlie i'cinan
invasion an internal trouble, l)ul one pro'cediiiu'
from Imperial causes, from whicli the Imperial
(Jovernmeut should, protect us, or ayainsl lli''

COVKIx'XMKNT OK I-Ol.'D I, IS(;.\ R— SESSION (>K P.MiMAMKXT, 1S71.

1!IH

t'xpciisc ol' which (hoy sliould iiuli'iniiil'y «s. I
uiiT'*! 'l>!i' •' would iv-iissurc (he i)ul)lic fccliiisj^
ill ('Miiadii very iiiuili if tlio liiiirisoii a( (^uchoc^
ui'ic lo 1)0 miiiiitaiiicd ; w*' did not asi< tiiis on
iucoiuit ol' the niiinlMT ol' mon which niiulit he
lilaccd llii'vc, 1ml hccaust' their pn'scneo would
Im' t(> us !i nyiiilxil (if the siivt'n'if''Mty of thf

i Hiiipin'. Qui'hctr was an Iuii)i'rial I'oitivss, and
tlif iiiaiulvuanci' ol' ihc t^iinison ol' llcr Majesty's

i Hoops I here, would he hv '■cd upon as indirating
(lie (Ifloimiuation in Kniiland to maintain the
cxisliitu' rolatidus, aiul would have tho nu>st
uscl'ui clh'ct on public I'ot'ling in Canada. I
[loiiitrd out that tho ariiunLcnl which had bciMi
iisrd that the Miaintcnanct' ol" a narrison at
llaiilax was uiucli llic same as retaining' one at
rjui'hcc, was not just, inasmuch as llalil'ax was
(Kill mill's I'roni (Juchcc, and the Uailway whifii
Lord ('iianvillt' had si)()kt'n ol' in Parliament,
was not (ompleted, and woidd not he for two or

' ihi-ee years, I added that the Freuih-Canadian
|i(ipulation regarded with i)artieular distavonr
till' withdrawal ol' the troops, and exi)resse«l a
liopr liiat the (iovernmeut would reconsider

lllr i|Uesli(HI.

Lord Kimherly said that the matter had lieen
ivpcalcdlvaiid very fully considered, and that tho
decision that had been arrived at was not liUely,
111' thought, to be departed I'roni, but my repro-
siiilations should bo considi'rod."
i '.'.—Only one change in the Cabinet occurred
duriui:- the year which was caused by the
, ,. appointment (d' Sir Kdward

t'r. I iii'i'fi' I'litfis I '

iKm',"i'.'.ri'Mii Kenny, President of tho I'rivy

I""" Council, as Adniinislratt.r of the

! Piiiviiicc of Nova Scotia, on Kith of May.

Oil llie -Jlst .lune lion. Charles Tupper, C. B,,

< wiissworn of tho Privy Council and accepted the

porti'olio of President: On appealing to his

inii>liuents in Cumberland he was returned by

itirlamalion. which may be taken as fair evidence

1)1 the cliaiige of feeling which had laktMi i>laoe

ill Nova Scotia on the subject of Confederation

since •' Itettor Terms '" had been (d)lained, for, it

will be remembori'd, that Dr. Tupper was tho

only Union candidate returne<l at th(> general

ili'iliun (d' 18(!7, and then secured his seal by

the small majority of !>7 in a jioU of L',t!:]!i. On
the Hth of October, Sir .lohii Young was raised
to the peerage of the United Kingdom under (he
title of Uaron Lisnar, an honor whi(d» was
highly pleasing to the people of Canada, where
he had made himself very popular, One very
note-worthy event of the year was I he reduction
of the rate of postaue to lilimlaiid from twelve
and a half cents jn-r half ounce to six cents,
which went into ellect on 1st ol' .Tanuary. On
the 20th October a \ ery severe shock of earth-
<iuake was felt pretty nearly throughout Canacla.
but no damage was done. The year was marked
by two events which althoimh of a sportini^-
character, had still a national interest : the liist
was thi' sending of a team of rillemen from
t)ntario to compete at Wimbledon, beiim the
lirst api)earaiu'e of a body of rillemen from
Canada, and it is i)leasant lo think that their
succ(>ss, allhouii'h not \ery great the lirst year,
was still sullicieiit to iiicouran'e the st'iidiiiu'
of another team each year since ihen. selected
from tho dill'erent proviiu-es of the Dominion,
so that the " Dominion Team " has come lo be
regarded as an annual \ isitor at the great
ICnglish h'ille liround. (piite as naturally as
either the English, Irish or Scotch teams. The
second event was the International boat "ace
which took place at 1-achiiic. on the liiteentb
of September, between the U'eiiforth crew, of
Tyne, I'lng., and the "Paris" crew of Si. John,
N. 1?., for !s!'2,."i()0 a siile, and was won easily by
tlu> English crew. The event caused most
intiMise excitement and an immense niiniber ol
spectators witnessed it.

ClI.APTKi; XIX.

(;(^vi;ii;\MKNf OK i.oiih i.isc.m! sii.s.sidx or

I'.MMd.vMKN'r, ISTI.

1. — OrKMNMl Ol.' P.\i;i,l AMKN'r. Sri'.l'.ril I'I.'hM
THE TUIMNK.- l'. Sll! A. T. ( ! AI, !''s l.'I'.SOI.I!-

riiiNsoN .lit', .vrllidii Com mission. — ',]. (Juks-

•noN AS TO TIIF. CONSriTr'noN M.ITY OK 'I'llK

Manii'oiia Act, I. Dkh.a'"k on Mu. Hi.akk's

^^1

I \ vi

ll : J '

I '

200

TI'TTIJ'VS TTISTOHY OF TIIK DOMfXlOX OF CANADA.

KKSOUITIONS. — 5. InDEIM-.NDKNCK OK I'AUMA-
MKNT. GoVKIlNMKNT AflllEESTo AMKND THK

Act. — •;. Ai'i'KMi'T th sk('iti!k tiik Indki'km)-
K.NCK OK riiK Skxatk. — 7. Tiik JUidokt

Sl'KKCll SaTISKACIOIIY Cti.NDiriON OK TIIK

FiNANCKs. 8. Intki.'im Emiction Act. —
J». Additions to tiik kukk cistoms i,ist. —

10. CoI.KAl'SK OK TIIK \\T10.\AI, I'oMCY. —

11. As.<IMII,ArioN OK Tin: ITIIKKNCV. JiANK-

iN(i Acts. — \2. Misckm.ankous Acts kasskd.

— 13. DkKATEo.V Tin; (lirAdK ok TMK [NTKI!-
Co|,().\IAL. — 14. I'riililC LANDS IN MaMTOMA.

— 15. Tiik ijrK.srioN ok admittino tiik
Manitoha Mi'.mi!Ki;s to the JIoi'sk.— KJ.

Ml!. ixYiMM/s motion on TIIK MUHDEIl OK

iScoTT. — IT. The Si'i'ri.v Him-. e'I'c.

1. — His Uxfcllciicy Lord Listini' opciu'd tlic

I'oiirlh .session of the lirst I'lirliaiiiciit ol' the Iknn-

iuioii oil the ITitli Ffln-iiiny, ISTl,

I'.iriiiini.ui. Si" ii With the iisiiiil ccrciiioiiK's. I hi'

liciii llir Tliriini' , , ,, , , .,,, ,, ,

>liccili li'om I lie llii'oiic rolcrrcd
<o the Ffiii;iii Uaid, coiiiplimoiitiiis'' Iho Militiii
Forco on its i^allaiit loiidiict; to the pcaci^lul
tt'i'iniiiatioii of tin- lied UivfY troubles; to the
passage of rcsohuions ill favorof Union liy the
liOuislalun- of J?ritisli ('oluinl»ia ; to the appoint-
ini'iil of a .J( iiil ITiu'li Coininission to ronsidov
tln' lislifiics and otlicr (picslions; and to tlic
iiniKirtaiKc of oll'ciini;' induftMUtMit.s lo t'ini<rvants
to .sett If in Maiiitol)a. Acts wt'if foishadowt'd
ndatiiiii' to the as.similatiou of the (•iirrciicy of
tht' Doiiiiiiioii : to Parliunu'iitaiy elections;
Wi'iiihts and Measures; Insurance Companies ;
Savings Hanks, and for the consolidation and
aineiidiiieiit of the Inspection Laws. l)urin<^
the reces.^ niiio vacancios had occurred from
various causes, and tho followiiijty new, or
re-i'lected, memhers, were introduced to the
House; L. ])e V. Cliipinaii, for Kinus, N. S.,
vin: \V. ]l. Chipiaan, deceased: (i. Tourangoau,
for (^liielie.- I'^ast, rice V. (1. Iluot, apjioiiited
rosiniaster of Queliee ; Hon. Charles Tui)per,
re-elected i'or Cumlierlaiid on his appointment
to the Presidency of tlie Privy Council; (J. H.
ItaUer, for Missiscpioi. vice H. Cliaiiiheilin,
ait|ioiiited <.iueen .s Printer ; T. l""ournier, for

BoUechase. nice L. E. N. ('assault, iipiioinieil
,Tud<fe of the Superior Court; L. Delornie. Inr
St. Hyaiintlie, rice A. 10. Kierzkowski, decen.sed ;
F. W. I'earsoii, for Colchester, rirr Hon. A (i
Areiiihald. appointed Lieuleiiant-trOMTiior (if
Manitoha and Nortli West Territory; (iciMuv
MoH'att, for Hestiiiouche, rice W. M. CaMwvU.
deceased; (J. J. IJarthe, for ivichelieu, L'irc [.
McCarthy, deceased.

2. — The address in rei)ly to the speecii IViim
th(^ 'I'hrone was moved in the Senate, on
seventeenth, l»y Senator Mac- .sir A.r. Hicir'-

,. . I 1 I w' J ri'.-i.lMli..ii- cii III,.

tarlaiie, seconded l)V Senator .ii'i"':"in»hi ..i ii,r

111,- •'"'"' '''"''

Ariiiand, and adopted alter a r,,iimiH-i,.ii.

.short dehate. In the House, on sixteenth, ilir

a(hlress was moved l)y Ur. Lacerte, and seconded

hy Mr. Kirkpatrii'k. The debate was imi

lengthy nor important, and the address wa-

adopted the same day, without aiiiendiiieiit m

division. The lirst d(d)ale ol any iiiiportaiice

occnn'red on the motion of Sir A. T. (lall rcdatmu

to the appointment of the .loiiit Hii>h Coi'iiiii>-

sion.* Tile di.scussion of this <(ueslion at iln'

moment tho Joint Hitili Commission was ahcut

to iiH'et was not very favora))ly reuardcd iiy

either the House or the general public, it bciii!;'

felt that that was not an opportune time in

* 'I'lic InlliiwiliK is II ''<i)i.v <it' the r('..'tiliitioii..< :•-

" /.'.«"'!•"/, Tliiil llii." ilniiM. ri'i'iiKiii."!'.-, in the liillc.-l iii.iiiiiii. ll"'
illl|"irhllH-l! to till' I'lllisr III |i(M(M' ;ll)'l ri\ ili/llliiill (i! till' ..Jl'ttll'lllrTit ol ill!

i|ii('.^tioni4 ill ili..<|iuti. Iii>(u'i'(<ii tiri'.'il ISritaiii iiii<l tlio I'liiloil Sl.-ilt'>. -iml
in i'S|i('i'iiil iliiMiitori'.-l.' ol' ("iiMMila ; jlhlwill irjoii'i' to liml Ilir hmiIi "I
llic.loiiit lli^'h <'iiiiiiiiixKioii |iroiliic(i\'t> ol' I'oriliiil mifl liistiii^' Irii-ii'Miii'
iM'twccii llir two iiiitioiiH.

'"riiiil llii" lloiiM. rc'Kiiril^ Ihi' i'..iilrol niio .li-rosiil ..f iln- in -h^m
li^hn-ios. tiinl till' iii\ i»;)itioii of tlii^ iiiliitiil waters of (In- ItotniMioii. ii^
S|iiM-iiill> uilliiii |1m> ji.tvvi-r.H roii. i<.\'i-il to tlio Parliiiiio'iit i>l t'.iiuol.i iiikI'T
lli(Mli-iti''li N'orlli Atio'iii'a Ai't, and will virwnith tin- iiliiio I .■oti.Tiii
anil iijipii-lnniMioii ;iny projMoals to altiT or 'liiiiini^'li tln*.iii>t iii?lit> ot ilir
Iioniinioti in ttic.^r rrH|ii-i-t.i witlnnit tlii-ir ron^'rnt.

" 'I'hat thirl Iliinsi' lia.i alwayH (ii'i'ii, iinil now i>, |iro|itiri-il to ,'oni rilr ilii'
most ii-i'o .anil iinioHliii'loil ii.«i' of tho lishi'iios ami inlanil niuikMlU'ii I"
till' I'liilnl Stales, iijioli roiTiviiiK ii- an riiiliviili'lit tlnoi'lor I'niniilrtr
iMinijicnsalion, in tlii' inoililii'iitioii ol' llio riiitnl Stttlr.s iaiiiiiiirrri.il
.'.\.-li'in iliriM-tnl to iiisiiri- a Irrpiiinl lilirr.il infiTi-liaimi' of tin- i-iinhii-i-
of lalmr in I Ihi two ri)iinlrir..i.

" riiiit ii r, |.>,.ion lo Ihi' I'liili'il Stall...! of llin ffi-i.i|oni of llir li-liiMii'«

llinl ol na\ ii^atiliK till* St. Iiawroni'i' uilliont siu-li roiniti'iisaiion, wmil-,
|ilari. Caniiilii in a most iIi.sailvaiitin.r('oiu po-itioii for fnlni-i' ni*i-'ofiation..
Ii.v (Io|iri\'inK lirr of tin- means of olfiTiiiir any iiili'i|tiiiti* i'i|iii\.iliMii l"i
I hose I'oni'i'ssions silo Ih dosiroiis of ohtiiininu' I'm in that mil i mi.

"Tlial lliis lloiisi' williiiKly ronseiits loth nsiilcration liy tho .h.ilit

lliirli Citiiimission of Jill siiliiri'ts in wliiirh I'aiiaila is roin'iTiiril willi llii'
I'liitoil .states, anil will elieerl'iill.\' make any saerifn'es thai iiiav he
rei|iiireil at their liamls in the intorosts of the Kmiiiru, so far as they ihi
not eiinijiromise thii initional interest iiinl seeiirit\ of this ei iiiiiiv. :mi'1

■ lireetlyl I lo their iiinliie siilMinliimlioii lo the I iiiliil .-^lai. in il"'

future."

)linillh'il

nuf, lor
ociMM'il ;
m. A •!

criiiir (il

( i ruru'i'

^aiauvU.
I, I'iit; T.

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iialo, oil
r. tiMit'^

i,,n- !■" ilii'

hilt I iIh'

liu'li

'(•Mill, ihi'
st'Coudi'il
\V;is llnl
Ircss \v;i-
uliiu'iil or

UpDVllllU'O

ll r.'liitiiii:
I C'oi'iuii^-
idi) at ill''
was at)i'\it
i'ardt'd liy
•, il l)''iiin'
1- tiiih' I'l

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lllh'MM'hl "I 'ill
ll.'il Sl:llf^> iili'l

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|l r.iiiiiilii iiniliT

liihiK.-l .-iiiii'iirii

-I |-ii-'lil-""lllii'

l,,.-..ii.-<-.li.|lir

ll li:l\il.Mli"ll 111

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•202

TUTTI.KS IIISToItV Ol-' TIIR P.!nfl\TO\ OF r.WADA.

illiu'ss l)y wliiih ln' w ivs nttiitkod at the closf of
the M'ssiini (»1 1.^70, iiiid his icsumplion ol' his ;
duties iis MiuisiiT ol' .lustici-, the niiittor wns
takiMi into roiisidciatioii, iiiul, hocoiiiiim' con- ;
viiu'i'd lliat Parli;iiii('iit lad cxcccdt'd its power, ^
he siilmiilted a lepoii to the Privy Coniicil on !
the li'.Mll ])eeelill)er. Is7<^ Si'tlilli; lortli his
reasons lor so lliiidviiii'' ; ami sno'oested tiial the
Imi>erial rarliament he ro(|Uested. llirough tiie
C'ohniial Secretary, to pass an Aet n-ivin<>' eoii-
stilutionality to the Act ah'cady jiassed by the
Dominion rarliament. The priniiple reason
was tliat no provision was made in the Hritish
North Auierioa Ad for representation in the
Senate or House of Commons of Rnperfs Land,
or the North-West Territories, or British
j ('ohiml)ia, alter tliey should have iMitered the
I Un.on. the numher of members of each House
\ heiiiii' lixed without any referenoo to the
j changes which shouhl take phu'e on tne entry
' of any new Province into the Uniim, excei)t in
tlu> eases of Prin(,'e lulward [sland and Xew-
fotindland. The report of the Minister of
! Justice was adopted l>y ()rder-iu-t'ouncil, on
2nd January, 1871, and tlie draft of an Act to
l>e passed by Imju-rial Parliament, submitted
i)V the (lovernor-( Jeneral to the Colonial Sei-
retarv. on the ;?rd January. On 'he 2tlth of
January l^arl Kimberley expressed l.'s williuii-
ness to obtain from Imperial Parliament the
necessary leuislation, and submitted to the
Governor-tieneral the draft of an Act wliich he
was prepared to introduce. On the 27lh of
Fel)ruary Sir (ieorg'e E. (."artier, acting on
behalf of the Minister of Justice during his
absence in Washiimt()n, submitted a memoran-
dum to the Privy Council, with a copy of the
Ad to be passed by the Imperial I'arliament.
This memorandum was adopted l)y Order-in-
Council, and subse(juently iorwarded to the
Colonial Secretary, and passed by Imperial Par-
liament. It will be observed that this action
was taken by the Government without consult-
inu' Parliament, although it was in ses.sion, a
course which the Opposition was not likely to
allow it to pursue without challenge ; and on the
'iv'th February Mr. Blake moved lor the corres-

pondence between the Imperial and Dominion
(iovernments in relation to the Manitoba Act.
He maintained that llie leader of the Govmi-
nient was bo'.uitl to sidnnil the view > ol' \\[^
j CiO\ iMinnent lo the House before till' lmpcri;il
rarliament was askeil to leuislale in the iiiuil.'r.
He held [..at it was on th(> responsibility ol
Parliament, and not on that of the (ro\ ('rnnicni
I of the dav, that steps should lie taken w liicli
I miii'ht be of the utmost importance to Manituli;!
Sir John A. Macdonald said hi' had no olijeitidn
to bring down the corresi>ondence . Iml he
doul»ted whether he could proi>erly lay hejor.'
the House an Act not yet submitted lo th.'
Parliament of EnL'land without consent, t »m
the 1st of March Sir Georue E. Cartier >n\>-
mitted to the House a message Irom iln'
tiovernor-General, with a eoi)y of the eorrcs-
pondence beiween the Government ami tlu'
Colonial ( )tlice, liut not imluding the (iral'l nl
the ])ill forwarded by I'^arl Kiml)erley. i)\\ ihr
lt!th Sir Georii'c Iv Cartier, in reply to a (|ue>lioii
by Hon. W. Macdou-all, said that the Draft l!ill
had l)een appro\cd by the Governor-tieiuMMl
and imme<liately forward, vl , aad, on the :J:;r(l.
Mr. Blake moved a series of resolutions to ilu'
eliect that the bill should have been subiiiilted
to the Dominion Parliament before beim;- Inr-
warded lo the Colonial Secretary for adidii hy
the in. .erial Parliament.

4.— Mr. Blake, in moving his resolution.'^. s;iitl
that he did not want to diseus.s ihe merits ol

the Bill to be submitted to the ^.i^.^^^ ^^^

Imi)erial Parliament, that was .y|;;,Vi;';,'.n;;,'','.',i;'''"'
beside the (piestion ; the sul»jeet v;;,l;\j';VnsuM'o'.i
for the consideration of the ""' ''
House wa.s whether or not the Governiueiil ol
the day had the right to rtMjuest the Imperial
Parliament to alter the Constitution ol tin'
country without constdting the Doniiiiieii
Parliament. He held that it had nol. Tlio
proper mode to be adopted to ell'ect any chaii^r
in the British North America Act. was hiid
down in the Act itself as by an Address lioin
both Houses of I'arliament; and ihi-, 1"'
argued, was the course the (lovernnuMU should
have adopted. The cjuestiou for the ropreseu-

(iO\'KI{NMKNT OV LOIU) I,lS(i.\ri— SESSION OF PARMAMKNT. IS7I.

20H

Dominion

l()})ii All.

Govern-

IS of his
■ liiipi'viiil
10 inaltiM'.
nihility nl
ixcnniiriii
;('M w huh

M;lMili>l);L

> i)lij>M|i(in
; liui \w
lay hi'lorc
cd to Ih"

sClU. till

irtii'V Mill-
troui the
hi' cdircs-
L iind ihi-
H' (lr;ili 111
y. I )ii ihi'
;l (HU'.-ll'iU

'])rMli I'.ill

r-(ii'iii'r:il

I hi- L':;ra.

)11N 111 ihr
iUl)lllillril

)i'iiiL;' I'lii-

ilrlinU l)y

t lulls. s;ii(l
iiii'rils ot

.\lr.

- n'-..iMlioii-.
..vi'iniiifiit

ll.^ l.;l.-M..- :,
il i-iMisun' I'll

■inuii'iil III
liiipi'rinl
m 111' till'
Jluiiiiiiiiiu
iiul. Tho

nv i'h:lll!J!C

\v;is hiiil
liTss Iniiii

this, hi'
Mil slioulil

ropi't'seii-

lativt's of tl)i' |)i>npli' of t'liniulii was this:
vvlu'ihiT (hey wi'ic prcpaii'd to suririuU'r into
thi' hands ol' tin' (Jovcninii'iit tiiat power
whiiii ll>»' (lovi'rnuu'iil assiinn'd to jjosscss —
the I'DW'i'r to asiv the luipiMial I'arlianu'iil to
niai<t' laws I'or the people ol' this coiintry. Sir
(ifori:-!' E. Cartii-r said tluit tln' mcaiiinti' of tiic
iioiioralili' ufutirniaii's motion was, (hat i'arlia-
nu'iil should not liavi' passi'd tlic Manllolta
Act. He (Sir Gcoryi') ri'vii-wed the eoiidllicii
ol' allairs at the liiiic that \cl was passed, and
iiiaiiilaiiii'd that at that nine rarliaineiit had
posilivi' power ol' Icuislation lor Itviperl's Land,
iiiuliT the Uuperl's Land Act ol' isiiS ; ihere
was some doulit as to the jiower of tin- Domi-
nion to deal with the North West Territory in
till' same manner, and to setlle these doiihis the
(lii\i'rnment had prepared a Kill wliii li was
lu'lore ihe Imperial rarliameiil. Wiieii that
Act was passed the Coiistitiitioii of Manitoba
L'ouhl not he haimed witlioiK its own consent,
and it would he placed in the same position as
ether Provinces. He promised lliat the House
sheiihl liave an opportunity ol' pas.sint'' an
opinion on the B'.l, and coiirlnded liy moviiiii'
a series of resolutions in ameiidnuMil to those of
Mr. I')lake. to tlie ell'oct thai the draft ol' the Act
to !)e siihmitted to Imperial rarliameiit had
heeii siihmitted to tht^ House, and that the
House approved ol' it. Sir A. T. Cralt com-
plained ol' the action ol' ihe Minister ol' Militia
in eiideavouriii'u' to force the House into an
exiMcssion of oi)inioii on the policy of ihe Act
suhniilled to tlie Imperial rarlianieiit — which
was not properly l)ef(U-e the House — when the
House thought it was discussiim- the propriety,
or impropriety, of the Government's askinu' the
Imperial rarliameiit to alter ihe Constitution,
wiliiout lirst consultiuL;- tiie House. He held
lliat Parliament had a liLihl to leiii.shite resi>ect-
inn' tlie North West Territories: hut he was not
williiiiT to let the Government have aulhorily
to move the Imperial Parliament to chaiu:e the
C'onslilulion. This was not a (juestion of policy,
but (Hie relatini^ to one of the fundamental priii-
liples of the Constitution. He believiMl that the
House was prepared to remove any doubt that

miij'ht exist respecting- the leiiislalioii for the
North- West ; but he a|)pealeil tu ilic lli>u>e lo
lay down a rule that no allempi should be
made to chaiu^'c the Hritish Noiih .Vmerica Aci,
except by an .Vddre.ss to llic i^Mieeii adnpted by
both Houses, which had been the iiiii\i'r>al
practice. Hon. A. A. Porion llioiii;lit thai if ihe
Government was allowed to mo\e ihe ImixMial
Parliament in an unimporlaiil inatler. ii mielil
do so in a matter of the iiliiio>i iniportaui c
He moved, in amendment to the aiinnilineul,
•' Tiiat on inspection of the measure proposed
by the Government Of Canada lo lie sulnnilicd
to the Inii>erial Parliameni Ini' the purpose
of coniirmir.ii' certain Caiuidiaii leiii-lalion.
depriviuii' the Parliament of Canada of ceriain
existiiii;' powers, and alteijiL;' the Ibilish North
America Act of l^^tlT, this Mouse wi>uld be
waiitinii' in its duty if it did not express its
decided opinion that no such Imperial leiiisla-
lioii should be asked for by the (loverninenl of
Canatla, except after the details of such propo'-ei!
Icu'islatiou shall have been siibmiited to idith
Houses of Parliaiiu'ut of Canada for iheir JuiIl;-
meiit, and addresses of such Houses to the
(^ueen. praying for such Iciiislalion, shall ha\ e
been i)assed." Thedebate was adjourned . but.
on the followinii' day, Sir Geoi'^e K. ("artier
U'ave notice of resolutions on whieh lo found
an. address prayinu;' I'or leg-islatioii on ilie Mani-
toba Act — thus concediiua' what the Opposition
had contended for. Gn the :^7lh the dijcit,. was
resumed, and Hon. Mr. Horion's amendment
was defi'ated by a vote of ;")."> lor to 77 auaiiisl.
Hon. Mr. .Vng'lin and Messrs. Mills and
Ma(;ken/ic sui)ported Mr. lilake's motion, and
Hon. Mr. Ilolton moved that the jiillowinn'
words l)e added toSir Georae IL Cartier'.s amend-
ment: ''That this House is of the oi)iiiioii that
no lhanges in tue provisions of Ihe iiritish
North America .-Vet should be soul;1i1 by the
I'^xecutive Government without the i)re\ious
assent of the Parliament of the Dominion " To
this amendment Sir Geove'c K. Cartier assenled,
and it was achipted unaiiiinously. Sir Georue
!<]. Cartier's amei'.dmenl, as am* I'ded, was then
carried by a v.>te of l»lt lo '-iS. Later on in the

i-"

i 'fill
i;

lJiJ

m'%

K 1

204

Trrri-Ks insroitv oi-'iiik i»()Mim(>n of <\\ \i».\.

Ht'Nsion nil iidtln'ss to tin' (^nci'ii was adoj)!)'!!, '
pniyiii!; Ilial a hill should hi> Mi)>iitill(><l lo tin*
l)ii|>rrial I'ai'liaiiii'iil to Iriiali/.r tho Maiiitoha I
All, and lo allow (if the ci'i'i'i ion of siiiiilai'
I'ldviiifo ill ruliiri- hy Ihi' Dominion I'ailianii'iil.
!>ul lln- I'arliaini'nl not i(> liavr lln- |iow<'i' lo
anh'nd ihf ( 'on>lilulion,s ol' sindi l*ro\ inccs
without the coiiscni of the l^ocal Li'ifishiturcs.
'Ihus, it will hf M'l'ii I hat, hy adopluii; Hon. Mr.
Ilollon'.s anu'inlinriit, ihc (iovcinnicnt viilually ,
l)as,s('(| a Vote ol rrnsuri' on iijscli. lor il as.scrlcd
thai the very ihinn' which had heru <lont' ouufhl
not lo he done; and hy .vubniillinu^ resolutions
and adoi)linii' an addrt'ss the (iovcrnment
adniitti'tl ihal il was wrouii' and the nppositioa
riuhl. Il would have hccn a wise policy to '
have moved lor die address in the lirsl inslanci'
without ha\inL!' hccn i'orccd lo do so.

T). — The (lucslion ol' lln- Imh'pcndt'nfo ol' ;
Parliament atlraclcd the attention ol' tlu! ilousc i

1^^, ,„|,.,„.,. „|- id il" I'arly period ol' the session.

l>:}!i;;;^ii\!i!!^,. lly the independence ol' Parlia-

' '"' ""■ ■'"''■ ment Acl, pa.ssed at the se.s.si(,n ol'

iSCiT-S. parlies in the yearly enii)loy of the '
(ioxernmeni were <lis(iualilii'd from sitliim- in
the House, hul I he rest riciion did not apply to
persons receiving' numthly salaries. In 1S(JS.
the Hon. .lohn Hamilton <Jray, memher ol' the
House I'or ihe City and ( 'ounty ol' St. .lohn, N.H ,
was appointed hy the Minister of .luslice to
codily llie laws ol' the dlH'erenl I'rov inces, al a
salary ol' $:!(»(» per month, and continued to <lraw
such salary I'oi' ahoul iwo years, at the same
lime recei\ ini;' i)ay I'rom hoth Ihe Dominion and '
Ontai'io ( lo\ cinnients as Arbitrator hi'twi'en the i
I'roviuics ol' Ontario and *^>uel»'c, in addition lo
his sessional allowame and mileage, allhoui;h
he resided in ( Utawa and not St. .Icdm, N.M.
I Attention was called to this case hy the I'uhlic
Accounts' C'omniillee in \H10. and on the -JTIh
[•'chruary, Mr. lilake moved, "That in the
! opinion ol'this House it is inexpedient that any
' rntMnher ol' this House sliould lor the I'utun^ l)e
I enjragecl in the sei'v i<'e ol' the (roxcrnmeni of
Camida in any paid employment, such as Ihat
in res|)ecl ol' whi<'li th(> Hon. .I(din Hamilton
(Iray, memln'r Tor the City and County ol' Si.

John, in ISOH, 4'iilered into the reeoipt ol' ^:;oi»
per nn>nlli ol' puhlic moneys " He said thai i||,.
existiu'^' lnde|)endence ol l'ar!iameni \ci wii.s i
very del'ective, tor while il dis()uahlicd ;iiiv
person receivinii' a yearly salary from llieli.,\.
ernmeni, it permilled niemhers ol ihe lloiix- to
recei\e monthly salaries from Ihe (fo\ i-rnnu'iil. ,
Willi reuard to Hon. Mr (rray. he drew s:l(M>
per month for Iwo years, makinu- !5«7.'JOO ;
durinu' the s.ime period he recei\ed s.").;')l)0
I'roni the ( (niario < lo\ ernnieni a.s an .\ rliilrator,
and iSldO from the Domin nn Croverumein U,r
serxine- in the same capacity: ijl.ii'to I'or two
years' si'ssioinl allowaut'cs, and >i.1s ! !';,i- milea<r,i_ ,
makinii' a total ol' ijl t.SSl, or *:i,s,st more lliaii
was reici\ed hy the lirst Minister ol' the Crouii
in the same lime. Hi' had no personal lecliMi,;-
against ( '(done I (iray, and was (piite willing- that
he should receive puhlic money I'or his services,
hut not while he remained a memher ol' llie '
House. Sir (reorue Iv Cartier (hdended the Ad
passed in ISilS; and claimed that Ihe ( ioverii-
ment had a ri'jht lo select its servants where il
pleased. He iield that this was ihe priicijce in
'ilnuland, and instanced the ca.se ol' Sir StaH'ord
Norllu'ole, then ser\ im^' on the .loini lliii'li
Commission, and ol' Mr. (iladsione, who was
appointed Coinmissioner to the Ionian Ules in
iS.'i.S. He claimed ihal Colonel (Jray's eniiiloy-
ment wasonlv temporary, and that Ihe (io\ ern-
meni had a perfect riiiht to employ him il ii was
thouiihl dcsii'ahlc to do so ; hut concluded hi.'^
speech (amid miudi lauyhlcr) hy aiinouuciny that
; heintended tn introduce a measure to re-estahlish
! Ihe IndeinMidence of rarliameiit as it existrd in
the old Parliament ol' Canada. .Mr. Savary
. moved, in amendment, that the last pari ol' the
paragraph rerenine- to Colonel (}ray he stiU'k
out, and ihat a rider he adde<l to the elh^ t Ihat
i no memher should he employed in the imhlic
j servi<'e al a monthly salary. Sir (icoiuv Iv
Cartier moved in amendment to ihe aimiMl-
meiit. tliat all words all er Ihe word •■ thai ' !»•
cxpunui'd, and the i'ollowinirsuhsti luted : " That
the House will iiive ils hesi <-onsideralioii to any
' measure that may he introduced havini;' I'or IIn
ohject Ihe I'urther securinyol' the Indepeiidi'ine

(iOVI'lIJXMKNT OF l.om) I,1S(;.\I{-SKSSI0V Ol' PA UI.IAMKXT, 1^71.

2():»

(il Piirliiiiiit'iit.' Al'tiT Noiiic I'lirlhtT (lisciissioii
Sir (n'oryc I']. Ciirtici's iiiiii'ndiin'iil w ii> piil
iiiid (Hirictl l>y ;i voli- i>t' St to ."> I. LmIi'I mi iii
till' si'Nsioii Sir (icoriic I'lillilli'il liis inoiiiiM', iiiul
iiilroiliici'd a Itill MMHiiiii^' ijir lii*li>|i(>ii(lt>iiri>
ipj I'lirliiiiin'iil, w liirli \\ ;i.s pnsMMl. Tins Act
|)rii\i(li's ilnil lln' linMiiii;- III' ;iiiy nllicc, coimnis-
siiiii. or t'iii|>liiyiii('iit, lu'iiiMiii'Ml or tfiiiiioriiry,
ill till' iioiniimtiiiii of (In- Cvown. to w liicli iiiiy
siihiiy i>r ollior I'liioluiiifiil is attiiclu'd, disijuali-
lii's :i |)i'ix)ii \'nn\\ Ix-iiiLi- flee ted to, and siltiiiLi'
ill ilii' ! loii.sc of ( 'oiiiinoiis Tliiis. I'or till' siToiid
nun , llic Gov cnmii'iit arci'iilcd a- motion of tln'
I i|i|iusition,

li. 'I'lic (jiicsiion ol (lie Indi-priidcnci' of
l';iili.iiiirnt caiiii' closi' on Ix-iiiii an iinfori uiiati'
A,-™,., In M...„n. ""•■ '■'"■ ''"' <i<>v.'inun'nl. Not
111!' s't',r'''\'Ti'.''' «"ii<»'iit with cndfavonrinLf to
'"''' .sccni'f tile Indi'in'iiilfnii' of ihi'

iliiii-c of Conuiions, till' ()|)|iositi(»n also cndca-
Ndurt'd to i)id\ idc for ih." Indt'pi'iidciicc of the
Si'iiatc; and Mr. lUaUc introiliK cd a JJill on lln'
-■'Inl l''('liniaiy, wliiili proN idcd III ii no Si'uator
>iii>iild Itc appoiiili'd to any ollicc of (Mnolnniciil.
On till' r.ill coiiiinu: up for second rcatliim, on
-Till March, Mr. Klakc said llial the duties of a
Si'iialor Were of lh(> iiiii'hest iinporlaiiee; and as
the electors had no opporl unit y of proiioiincini;'
l)eri(i(ii('ally on the manner in which Si'nalors
Ii;hI liillilled those duties, it was all the more
iiiiportnnt ihat the inde|)endence ol' that hody
slionid he securi'd, and no opeiiinu' hd'l for the
'iiivi'ninient of the day to reward pliant Senators
1>.\ a|>poinlinL;' lliem to remunerative ollices. I le
liiiil heeii careful to avoid even a sendilamc ol
encroaihiim- on the ( ■oiistitulioii, and had not
proposed that persons holdinu- ollicc should not
1h' iippointed to the Senate, hut simply that
Senators should not he appointed to ollice. He
point, '(I out the evil dfects of allowing- the
<h)\crniiienl of the day to rcwanl memlx'is of
ilie llou.seol ('(Mnmons, who supported tliiMn, hv
iil>|'oiiiliiii>- them to some ollice. and then
ek'VatiiiM- them to the Senate, ami instanced
'he case of Mr. McLelan. who had heen called
to the Si'iiate from the House, and appointed
I liiiiUvay ('(nnmisiom'r. .He held that the utmost

precaution oui^ht to he taken to secure the
indcpeiideui (• o| the Senati

^o as |<i insur*'

It that consideration and respect whi<'h it
should ri'eci\e at tln' hainls of tln' puldic.
Sir (leor'.:-e K Carlier opjiosed the Kill on tho

iikU thai a Senator in

froumls tlial a Senator in aci'ci)tiiiL;' his .seat
ahaiidoiic<l no otlii'r liiiht that he posxssed ;
and, also, that, if the hill wasdesiraldc, n oiiehi
to have originated in the Senate, He instanced
the prailii'c of the House of l.,ords. and con-

<hMiined llie hill as false in priinip

r. I

IJodwcIl supported the hill : he was opi>oNed to
the Senate hciiiL;' made a rclim'c for worn-out
politicians, and thou'.^iii thai the (lo\<'rnmenl
oiiulit not to he allowed t he opporl uii it V ol Using
its inlluelice to hilldel' llie illdepelideiil action
of llie Semite. M''. Mackenzie said that ln' had
supported the nominative »y.stem for the Senate,
hut experience had partly .atislied him that he

had made a mistake, a

til.' I

IM'er llou>

had

teen made stdtservient to the (iovcrnnient of

the day to ser\ e their o\\ n inirposes. 1 Ic denied
that there was any disrespect to the Senate
implied hy the Kill, and held that it was o| the
utmost importance that hoth Houses should he
free and indepeiulenl of Executive inlliience
Hi' said il was indeceiil, to say the least of it, to
lind a i:enlleman hciim' elevated to the Senate
who had helied his own profi's,--ions, and who
had suddenly hccoiiie allied to the (iovcrnnient
for a i)arlicular purpose, and who was under-
stood to ha\e heen promised al the lime a seat
in the Senate. Mr. David Mills supported the
hill and was opposed to the iiominaii\e svstem.

He did not helieve that Ihe Sen.iti

lid h

converted into a Magdalene Asylum for prosti-
tuted politicians seduced hy the (ioveriiineiit.
.Altera lew remarks IVoin Mr. lllake, a \oie was
taken ami the second leadiiiii- was deleated hy
only one \((|e, the liLfures standiiiL;- ,")7 for and .">S
aeainst.

7. ~< >n the lOth of Mar, h. Sir Francis Himks
made his Hud'^,'t siteeidi, show iiii;' that the
counlrv \vas in a prosiierous eon- .,, ,. ,
dilion, ami thai the rcvi'iiu,' ha,l ,^,',',',!|~,'|",',',';'"| n,,.
exceeded the cxpeiidil Ule hy i"'""'-
$2Ui',ti.)ti. He referred to various statements

1,i

"■ ' ■ ?i

.Ai

Ill !|!|

lili:

' :

i ■111

' ''!;

20fi

TITTLKS HISTORY (»F TIIK I)()^[INI()N Ol' CAXADA.

thill had hi'cii iiiado al Opposition mcctiiiiis
duriiiu' V('ci's,s, and snid that tho asscrlions tliat
tho Govoniini'iit vas in Hiiancial dillicullie.s
wort' aitoiit'llu'V iinroiuKh-d. He liad had a .state-
ment ol' tlu' exact londition of the lounlvy
prt'i>ared, l)y whicli it was shown tliat tht'tol.d
incvcas*' (tl' debt sini'c Conledi'vatioM was
*l',481.1ii1. wliilr ^tJ.V.l,.'^:!,) liad been six'iit on
pnl)lio works, showinu- thai !5i2,:2TS,2'14 had l)otMi
expended onl ol' income whieli she.;. Id he
charued to capital account. The expenditure
on the InlercoKinia! iiad been i«il,7<*>7.4.")l, and
lor acquirinii' anil openinu' up llie Norlh-Wesi,
!$l,S21,8i'0. A iireat deal had l)een said aln)ut
the money lor building' the intercolonial ; he
beu'<>-ed to say that the money was all in iJaidc
beariiii;' interest, lie admitted that there had
been an increase in the ("ivil Servic •■xpendi-
ture. but claimed that that was only the
necessarv conse(|uence ol' the i!ro\vth of tln^
country, part of tlie increase beiKj"- recpiired for
lakinsj; the tcnsus, and part for increased postal
facilities. He called attention to the great
increase ol' tradi' during tlie previous six months,
and said Canada liad risen Iroin the position of
the eleventh to that of the eighth iountry in the
volume of her trade with the Motiier Country.
No country received so large an amotnt oi ijDods
per head from (Ireai Ihitain as('anrd;> di.l ; and
while the I'liited Slates oidy imported ;:bout
C'l!0. 00(1,(1011 from (Jreat llritain, or ten shiilings
[)er iiead. Canada imported tJ('>,0O0,0O0, or about
one [Hiuiid ten shilliims per head of her imputa-
tion. iSpcakini:- of the increase of (h'bt. he said
liiat the assets had increased proportionately, and
called attention to the rapid increa.se of value
in various parts oi the country, and esp<'eially
in the Home district in Ontario, where the
assessed value had risen from ^1. .")()( 1,000 to
iSidll.OOd.dCO, in thirty years. The receipts for
the i»revions year had amounted to Sl.'')..'')12,22.">,
beiuii' !S.'^(!2,225 over the estinniled receii)ts; tlie
I'Xpeiidilure had been lariicr than had l)een
expected, lull still left a balance of |2G'.(,(;o(;
to be applied tn t!u> Siidving fund. For the then
current year be estinuited thai the revenue
would reach ab.iul !|17,:!OO,0OO, which would

show a surplus of $l,80(t,0()0, sul)jectof couim' Id
any suppltunentary grants Parliament iniuln
vote. l'\)r the year ending •'JOth.Iune, 1872, Ih.'
estinuite was ^2'),t)82,;)72, of which $7, 84(1, '.i id
was i'orpul)li(' works c:hari>'eahh> to capital ; tlu'ie
was also s 1, 04(1, 000 for redemption of debt, mik!
!iii400.000 for North-West expenses. lcu\ in-- ih,.
actual estimated exi>endituro at s;l(;.:',iij,siis.
This was a larg(> amount, but a portion ol ii
was for exceptiomil exi)enses, such as lakiiiL;- IJu'
census The estimated revi'uue was :Jl(l,.^l(),(i(Hi.
sliowiuL;' so considerable a suri)lus thai, iln'
Go\'ernment fell justilied in making some n-
duction in taxes. IL was proposed to iciumv,.
the live per rt^ni. duty on Customs imposed tlu'
previous year, and to place certain raw mateiials
which entered into manid'aciures, and now paid
duty, on the free list. Sir A. T. Gait expre^s.'d
satisfaction at llu' exliibit nnuh' by the l""inaii. ■■
Minister, but^ there was oiu> point he hail not
touched on whii'h was the increase in the
volume of trade, whi(di he fouiul had risen rnmi
sil2n,.-)00,00(l in lS(J7-8 to !i;14(i,000,00(i i.i l^H'.i
70; but he regretted that the (rovernmeni lind
not adopted the reconimeiulations of the W.sl
India Trade Commission with regard le
encouraging trade with tliose colonies. ]!.■
<'omplained that tho llnancial policy ol ilir
Government, as shown by their Bankinu and
Insurance legislation, had the ell'ect of absorliiiiu'
the llo.iling cai)ital whi' h ought to be used in
public enteri)rises. The ell'ect he said miylil nel
be felt ill lime of prosjierity, but if adxeisiu
should overtake us the result would be nidst dis-
astrous. The resiUt so far had been to eiialdi'
the Government to show a plethora of nieney.
and he feared this would lead to unaeees>;iiv
extra \aiiance. He reiiretted to see the (!(Uirn-
ments of Ontario and <^ucl)ec adoptiniia railiond
policy which wotdd be unremuiierativi' lor
years; and was .sorry to see that the (leiimd
Government showed no exami>le of ecoiiDiny
There were two .sources of expeiulilure, one o\. i
whith the (ioveinment had no cdiiirol ilic
interest on the publii (l(d)t and the sid)si(lirN lo
the Provinces; and one over which llie\ did
ha\i' control — the ordinary expenditures, lie

(lOVMHXMKNT OF LORD LIS(iA IJ- SKSSIOX OF PAiM.IA.MFXT. 1871.

■J(|-

wax sorry lo i«(M' tlial IIk^sc were stoadily .uul

nipiilly iii(r('asini>'. In 18()7-S (he cxponditurt'

over which ihc (lovmimciit luid control was

s:),:,l(i,iMi(l; ill 1868-iti(, liado-rown t()§5,(!;>4,000 ;

ill isdii-TO to $(;,24;5.00(i ; in 1X70-71 to

$7,018,000, and the estimate ibr the next year

wass8.0(!0.00(), showiny- an increase in live years

of forty-live per I'ent , thirty per eeiil. oj' which

hail l)ccn inadt! in the last year, lie thoniiht

the CTitvernnii'iit was too much disposed to

I'liiiiiiiC in laiii'e pnhlie works, many ol' which

were not absolutely needed. The enii'auomonts

whicli had been (Miti'i'cd into were beyond our

iiii'aiis, and, coupled with the absorption of the

cash capital, would lead to linancial enibarrass-

meiils, w hii'h would lead to an incrc'ase of

taxation at a time wdien the country would be

los,s able to bear it. He thouuht that the House

should interpose its inlluence to check this

cli.'^position towards lavish expenditure bel'ore it

was too late; and he, iherelbro, moved the

tollowiug amendment to Sir Francis Hinck's

motion that the House l;o into Committee oHVays

and Moans: "That the Si)eaker do not leave

I the I hail, but that it l)e n-solved that thisH<iuse

i ri'i;ards the continuous and rapid increase ol' the

I ordinary exjienses oi' the (ioveriiment as excess-

' ive and uncalled Cor, and btdieves that unless

j strict economy is observed in the general outlay

! of the country, great evils will speedily follow."

lion. Mr. Tilley dpfendod the action of the

Govenuiient, and claimed a surplus of over

! §1.00(1,1100 a year .since Confederation. He

|armiedtliat the exinMiditures on public works,

sill h as canals and railways, were of the utmost

iiiiporlaiice, and were absolutely necessary for

I tlie (lc\ rldpnient of the country. He defended

'the ( iovcniiiiciit from the iharge of extrava-

;j giiiicc. ami claimed that the cost of the Civil

! ser\ ice was h>ss than it had bi>en the lirst year

allrr CoMJederation. Mr. Cartwright argued

that we could not (>xi>e(t to ))e always enjoying

a period of prosperity, and it was unwise to

enter into extensive eimiUicinents which iniiiht

ho scveily felt should a period of depression

overtake us. He thought that the country had

uiiilertakeii to do quite as much as it could

hi. rim la.M'h
.\.'i.

safely liuarantee, in agreeing to build the

Intercolonial and open up the North West. Sir

(reortre K. Cartier claimed that the Government

was only spendinu' its surplus, and reducinu'

instead of increasinu' taxation. Alter some

furtlii'r debate l)y Messrs. Oliver and Holton.

who suiiported tlu' amendment, and Sir Francis

Hiiicks, who opposed it, a vote was taken and

resulted in its defeat, '■'*', voiiiig for it and 01

against. The House tlien went into Committee

of Ways and Mt>ans. and. on motion of Sir

Francis llincks, the li\ .■ per cent, tax onCu.stonis

duties imposed the pre\ ions year was taken oil'.

8. — The forly-iirst section of the IJritish

North America Act providi'd that all laws

relating to elections in the vari

oils Provinces of members n

] Local Legislatures should lie applicable to elee-

[ tioiis for nicmbi'i's of the House of Commons

I until the Dominion l^irliaincnt should pass a

general Act ri'gulating the election of members

j ot its own body, and tlu' Governiiieiit had

! promised such an .Vet at every session of I'arlia-

raeiit. but had only submitted one. which

contained so many ol)jeclioiiable features that

it was withdrawn. .Vs the ueneral (dectioiis,

however, were apiiroachinu, the Crovernnienl

could not very well postpone the matter over

the present session, and. accordiimly. on the

2sth of February, Sir Ueorgi' I']. Carti(>r intro-

jl duced a bill to make temporary provision for the

election of members of the House of Commons.

In doiii"' so, he exiilained that the (rovernmeiit

i thought it liest that the apiiroadiing licneral (dec-

tioii should take place under the laws existinn' in

the several l'ro\ inces at the time of Coiifedora-

tion, and a ueneral law could iic p.issed later.

the .\ct proposed lieiiiu' only intended to remain

in I'orce two years, 'flie interim law provided

that there should be only mie day's poiliiui' ;

polling- [ilaces to lie i>ro\ ided for cvcrv lioo

Noters. Mr. Mackenzie conuratulatod tlie

■ (Tovernmenl on haviiiL!' adopted some of the

suii'Li'estions made by the Opposition of the.

! previous riirliannnt. but regretted that the

' principle had not been adopted of having the

elections all lake jilace on the same day, us v\ as

■ i :i'

'] i>l(

t£' i

fIfpPFW

; i li

1 '

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(
1

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fipF'

■n

! i'J i

.'OS

TCT'I'I.KS IIISTOI.'V ol'TIIK DOMINION oFCANAPA.

the law ill Ontario. He objccti'd to an clcclioii
takiiiu' phirc in one coiistilin'iicy (Hi mu' ilay and
in anotliiT si'vcial wccl^s i^rter. as il opciu'd tln>
door for corniplion. lie opposed the 1)111
l)0(aiisi> it I'liartt'd in'iliifr one tliin-i' nor tiie
otiicr: il adojili'd jiarls oj' ilu- I'lcrtural laws in
till' (iiHi'n'iit rrovinccs, 1ml not tlio whole of
tlioni. lie ihouuhl the simplest wny wonid he
to adopt not only the iVanehise, i)nt the whole
eleeloral law of eaeh Pfovilieo, and lei the elee-
tions lor the House ol' Coininons he i-ondueled
in the same manner as the local eleelions. On
the seeoml readiiiii lion. Mr. Dorion moved an
anieiidment to the elleet thai K'eturnini:' Ollieers
should iiol ha\i' the riuhl to (|uestiiiii the validity
of the voters" lists, and disl'raiK'hise munici-
palities, as had heen the case in Kamouraska. A
short debate ensued — in the course of wliich Mr.
(ieoH'rioii slated that not lessllial twenty coiislil-
ueiieies ill i.^uelnH' had Inul some oi' I heir inunici-
palities dislranohised hy Returninii- Ollicors —
alter which 8ir Cn'orac Iv Carlier aureod to
acce])! Hon. Mr. Dorion's amondiiienl. On the
third leadiim- Sir (leorii-e iv ("artier said that, as
ree-ardi'd Nova Scoiia. tlu' law of 18(>7 would
prevail. He rel'erretl lo the action of the Local
Le^-islatnre of I hat pioviiice in tlisqnalifyinii'
Dominion ollicials, and said that Dominion
oliici.ils ill Nova Scotia would he allowed hy
the .\ct lo vole ai elections for the Jloiise of
Commons. Mr. Jones (Halifax) said lii> was not
prepared to lei jiass undispuled the unfair action
of the (lovernmeiit with regard to Nova Scoiia.
The (iovcrnment was ahoul to take from Nova
Scoiia the control over its own alliiirs. He asked
why the (ioverniueiit allowed New Ibuiiswiek
lo relaiii the ballot, and took il away from Nova
Scoiia. lb' ))oiiiled on! thai Dominion ollicials
were prevented from votiim' in < •ntario and
Quebec, and claimed that Nova Scoiia .should he
allowed the same privileiie. ( )n eoncurrenco,
several ameiidmeiils were iirojiosed and lost,
the most iniiiorlant beinu' one by Mr. Younii' -
that the elections ihroimhoul the jlominion
should take ])lai c on one duv ; and one bv Mr.
Mills that there should be only one ixilliiii;'-
day in eaih Province — the latter beiiin' only lost

I by seven votes. The bill was then pas.sed
I*. Ill accordance with the j)olicy forc-liM-
dowed in his bnduet siieech. Sir Francis lliiiek.-,
on the 14th of March, moved the

, , • i / 1 •, , A.l.lili.ni.. t., II.,.

House into (. ommiltee on a series I'l..- i,i^i. ii,,. .i„n

, . . . , ,, "II lllMlll H-k l.;ul,.

ol resolutions uiviiiij' to the

[ (ioveriior-in-("ouncil ihe power to place on ih,'
l'"ree Lisi, Iroin time to time, raw maleiials le
Reused in Canadian Manufactures, and id^n

. machinery on proof beiiit;' ;.>lduced thai ihr

j .same could not l)e manufac turetl in Caiiiidn.

j The rosolutioiis met with considerable (cppc^i-
lion from Hon. Mr. Ilolton and others partly
on the liround that it was an immense power
to place in the hands of tin' (!o\ eminent on tiie

I eve of a n'eneral election, the riyht to l'a\iir
certain classes by placing!' u'ooils on the I'ree bisj ;

] and partly on the ground of li'eneral opposition
to anythiiin' ai>proacliiiii>' proteelion. ( >n llie
motion to concur in Ihe re.sohitioiis Hon. Mr
Holton desired to lake the souse of the Ibuiso.
and moved in ameiidmeut : "That the resohi-
tions bo not concurred in. i)ut that it be resolved
that in the opinion of this House it is im'xpr-
dieiit to clothe the ICxeculive with power le
determine \\ hat arti(des shall be adiiiitled free el
dx\ty.'" The amendnient was lost by a vete el
:{7 for to S4 against, and the resolutions a<lopted.
a bill founded on them beiiiii- subsiMpieiilly
introduced and i>as.sed. On the same day llii'
Governmenl sustained what was a virtual del'iMt
and auain showed how little unili'd the ('ahiinl
was on some (jiiestioiis of lisial policy. \ eiv
Heiieral complaints had been made, l)y |iarlic.- iii-

I torestod, of th(> wholesale destruction of lii'inlnck
trees wliii h w'as y'oiiiu,' on in order lo obtain the
bark for exi>ort to the United Stales where I here
\vas a lari;t> demand for it for tanninii' piirpoMs;
and lirave fears were entertained tlnit the supply
would become so exhausted as to seriiiic-lv
inconvenience our own tanners. With a view
to protectiiiii' our own manufactures of leather.
Sir Francis Hiiicks introduced a rcsoluliei:
imposini;' a lax of one dollar ami a hall per
cord on hemlock bark. The jiroposal vva'- net
\ cry favorably received by the House, se\ eiid
memboi's w ho gvueially supported the Cioverii-

lai'lii'.- 111-

COVHItXMRNT OK I-OffD F.ISdAR-SKSSlON OF I' Airi.I AMKXT, 1S7I.

2(»'.»

iiii'ii

( opiKisinii' il, the priiK ipal iivitiuin'iits hcinn' || lions prayinii' Inr llif rcix-al ol tlic ilutics wi'n

Ihal llii' laniii'i-s (Hiiilit

li> 1)

llowi

'il to maki- ' proscu

ted Iroiu ill" I toiiiiuiou Itoaid ol Tradt

;ill liicy could wliilf clfaiiui;- llu'ir lands, and iuul oilier foiiiiiifvrial liodics : and on Sir Francis
ilial ihc duty proposed was not hiyli eiioutili to i Ilineks moviiiii' llie se.ond readiiii;- of lli(>
1(1 any real protection to the liendocU I'oresls. : Customs liill, on -Jiind Marcii, Hon. Mr. llollon

alio

bill woi
liitlc money

lid simi)l\ ha\(' 111

e resu

pullniii' a

moved, in aiiuMidmenl, " Tliat the hill l)e releru'd

lie

into liie poekels of tlie taiiiu'is.
oil the jollow-

hark

(

ommillee o

r the Whole lortliwith tc

resolution was acUtpled

nil!' (I ■>'

J^ir

(Jdveriune

hut

innoniieed that tin
it had (h'l'ided lo withdraw tin

raiicis

llle

resi
iiiii' a;

ilnlion, on account ol' th

ainst il

e expression ol' I'eel-
l also hocaixse th

e memners

repeal the duties on Hour, coal, coke and wheat."
Sir l'"raneis Iliiirks said that whate\er miuhl l>e
the opinion as lo the propriety of these duties
there co\ild he no douht as lo I he impropriety
ol' repealini; Iheiii at the iiresent moment, when
the .loint llisih Commission w

<iltiii

iX III

iVeia the Kasteru Tow'nships — which was tin

localitv most inleresled in the matt. 'r— did not \ Washinulon ami this very suhjeel w<nild douht-

seeiii io auree on the suhjeel. lion. Mr. Holton h>ss 1
called I'or the veas and nays on the vnolion lo i' \v<

)e (inder consideration, and he tliouuht

nild he v

nl\ ise(

lor

the llou.^

Ko anv c<»

nrse which miiiht iiilerlere with

withdraw, which was carried hy llii to II.
10 — The liscal policy ol" the Government ] the i)roi)osed action of the Commissioners. f
^tion on which the memhors of the ! Hon. Mr. llollon avu'uetl that there was no

was a (j\i(

b|-.'

..nil.

alii

net seenu'd lo lind it hard i ^'viden. o to show Ihal the suhJeci w

is iimle

•N'jhMii.il l'..lic\'.

to auit

■moiiiJsl

liemseu cs.

cons

ideration hy the Joint lliuh Commi

and (

in il the (lovernmcnt was dcsliiu'd to suH'er ! ii^t !'" ; ='

n.l

U'ld tiiat the (iue-.iioii i

ssion

eallv was

a (lefeal this session. Tin

Nat

lona

1 Poll

wliethcr the experience of the [last yi'ar juslilied

the imposition of taxes on Hour, coal, salt 'he retention of these duties or iiol, and not

wheal and other izrains at last session of I'arlia-
ineiil was calle<l — iiad not proved very snccess-
I'lil. Adopted more as a retaliatory measure
aiiaiust the Americans for their ohslinacy in
lel'iisiiit:' reciprocity than from any idea of
adiipiinua [>rofessedly and oH'o'tively Protective
Tarilf. it no sooner hecame ai-parcnt Ihal thoro
was a possihilily of satisfactory arraiuivmonts
of reciproc'ly heinu' arrived at hy

omiuissioii niiniil
Sir C«eor<'-e Iv

what the Joint llinh

do or say on the suhjeel,

Cartier claimed that I he imposiiioii of lhes(

duties had heeii productive of much li'ood li

Nova Scotia, Onlario and (.hu'hi'c

U\i

also.

that thev had liad oiu

ood result in makiiii;-

llie rniled Slates C

omiress more willinii- lo

reduce the duties on these articles, lion. M

ler a renew

tin

Holt

iiinu

d thai CoiiLircss hid

not

oeen

.leiut Hi 11 Commission, than a disposition

inllueiiced at all h\

he imposition of

111 repeal the Act was shown. Tin

amoun

( ,)|' duties, hut had only ucled in the interest.'

ivveiuie tlerivcd from il was not very luriiv ; hut '••[■'^ '■'^"'; '['' ii""r. mrMi. «hn,c nn.i ^-n.iii,. iMi|M,ii,,i , tu, aphi

Hill. »;l.« ^llHl.llll. On lluil ilu.V 111!

.NMli

III IV'li.

Wl'lll illlll ill. I'l.

iiiipiisinii' a tax at all on Hour and coal lU'ovod iiniiiiiiMtiiii..ii.siimi..nin..>< r.ir.M.nMinii.ii.m imm iiini.ini.. i.nii.oni.ii
mere aiuioviiiii' than hemdirial lo holli Nova

Iho.voiir wiTi.ii.s r.illiiu... :~Kl.iiir. 1.1' wli.'iil an. I i

:I|:J.:!1I liani'l.i. xalui'il

Scdlia and ( )iitario--lhe t w (( proviiict>s il wasiii- : iim.v .■..iir.U'.i

111 .<il.llii.:iVi; I'liii'ii'il r,.r .•i.ii.«Liiii|ilii.ii. •JIii.iilTl.ancI-.. vmIiu'.I III $'..77.|il.s ;

..'HI. .Ml .ilh.'i' kiiiili ..r II ' MM. I iiiral,

I'lld.

(1 most to hem

111 1

)y an iiilerchaiiLie of their

iliii'.l ai >IJl.ii(:i: I'lili'i.-.l l.ii-

staples. — iuid allhouu'h the Inter-rrovincial trade
was iiicriMsed, and more No\ a Scotia coal found
il> way into Canada than had over done hel'ore,
still liiiih sections were (juile williiiL;' lo repeal
tile .\ci and allow holh Hour and coal to he ag-aiii
;uliiiilled duty froo.* During Iho session poti-

si.in, il a|i|.i.ar>' llial llii'

al $llii
l.ir

ill|..MIII|>ll<i

'."■liii li.iiri'ls,

". liar
iiliiril

.■I...I.

I.ST'.'.ll.l. \VI|.Ml,S,llSil.7,V,i l,usli,.U; I'liliirnl

ini.iinniili.iM

i;i7..V>i liiish.-N

iliii'.l ai fr.|'.,:ill : .111

<i||i'i'U..|.

$J.i.'.i|i,'i.2l. (Irain .illi.'i- llian wlii'al. l.iMa.7i>'i lui^li.'l.-, v.iliu'.l al ,».iSi.'.,!«l :

'llllT.

.1 r..r

..ns)iiii|iliiiti,

:ilii.

liii^li.'l.'.

Iii.'.l al $7ii:l.ii.M ; iliil.\

.•l.'.l. .■ii-7,l>i'(.i

I t .As a iiiMlU'i' 111' lai'l, a |iri'|i.isill.iii l.. ii'iicw llir lli'i'i|.r..i'il.\ M'r.'al.v mi

IIm' liasin 111' niiiliially ailiiiilliiii.- .'..al. sail an. I llsli I'r.'i. al iin.'
al'irr 1st -liil.v. Is7l,lia.l lici'ii ni.-i.ti' h.\ llir .Ain.'ri.'Un C.nni

nissi.ini'r.-

Ill linili.'r
I.iIIk.

liiil iliitli C.iniiiiissi.in. mill was iin.l.'i'

i.l.'i'alnin al II

U' Vl'I'.V llll.l'

I l.iiil li.'l'.ir.' rai'liiini.'iil iil ilii

lliis ili.scn?<,Hi.in

Ml in till' ll.intiniiiii l*arli)iini'nl. an a.'i'.mnl ii

' llii

111 ivlii.'h |ir..|iiisiliiin will In' I'.iiiii.l in ..iir .'liaiilor mi Ilic 'rii'al.v nl"

Tall'
Wasliitmlmi.

'Il U

i!i f >

pll l l ll l

\ir.

::i ■■:': •'

L'lO

Tl'TTlJ'lS IIISTOUY Ol-'TIIH DOMINION' OK CAXADA.

of its own people. Messrs. Workman, Mimill,
Beiitty, Oliver, (Jalt, HarrLsoii. Cartwrinlil,
Mills, Kirkpalrii'k, Blake and Ciirrie spoke in
favor of llie a!)()lilion of the duties ; and Messrs
Tilley. Tiipiter, Howe. AVhitehead, (iil>l)s,
Cameron, (Huron) Jackson, Gray and Colby in
favor of retain in<i' them, the two latter arii'uinu'
that one year was not sulliiient to judiie by as
to whether the poliey was advantageous or not.
Dr. lllanchet moved, seconded by Mr. M. P.
Wyan, in amendment to the amendment that
tile duty be also r(>mo\'ed from salt, ))eas, bran,
barley, rye, oats, Indian-corn, ')iu'kwheal, and
all ii'rain ; and Imm Indian-meal, oatmeal, and
Hour. Sir Francis Ilimks tlien said that the
(lovernnuMit was of opinion that if the duties
were to be removed they .should be tiikeii en
lifnc from all the articles on which duties had
been imposed last year ; the (iovernment
would, therefore, support Dr. Blanchet's amend-
ment, but would oppose Mr. Helton's. Dr.
IJlaiifhefs amendment was th(>n ( arriod by 102
for to :2s ayainst, all tli.- MinisI'MN votin:.', for it.
After some further debate JIou. Mr. llolton's
amendment was put and carried by a voti^ of
S3 to ").■), the Ministers votiiiii- au'ainst it, but
many of their licneral supporters \otinii' for it;
as Mr. D. Mills exclaimed, "Thus died, aii'ed
I'leven mouths, the 'National rolicy.""'*

11. — Four liiiaiicial measures of eonsiilerable
iiiiixirtaiice were |)!issed during the session, one

• Vi i-^ Ainiliii, I'.iirllii', I'.iMly, HiMul.icii. lli'clinnl, lii'iiiiil. Illiiki'
liliiiiclirt. Iliilliih. ISniiiiiss.i, ItiiwiiKiii. ItriMis^i'iiii. lluiiic'c, Ciiruii.
i'.-rrlwr'iulit. ClirM.I. Cliiinuiiti, <'iinuii, <'(ii1iii, Cniiiijil, ('niwl'iinl (Lcoils).
CiirriiT. I'i'Itiriih', hiirri'siii'. I*\Ti-i>. l-\ii-ltfs, Kiirtirr. Fniiriiiisr. (tiill,

iliiuilc't, ili'iillii ili'tiili' (Iiiiliii, IhiKcr, Ihirrisiiii. i:<>li<iii, Irviin'.

.Inni- (Iliilihivi, K.'in|.l, KilLiin. Kirlii'iHriik. Liic-iTli', Liiiicluis. I.itili'.
,M:i.-i|nnMl.| (lilnikMirv), .M.iiiill. .Mii>~i.ii (Siiuliniurs). .M;i,--i'ii (Ti'i-n'
i.Hhiic). .MM.''luiit.Mll lI.Mii;irlU, .MM.''|.'uu;ill(ll<'Mli't'»i. MrMuni,'.. .MiTiill.

.Mills, .M..Hiill, .Miirisi.ii aii'l.iiiii, 0,1, Oliver, I', I'l, I'cny, I'l'iirsnn.

I'clli'li.'r. I>irk:ii'<l. I'niilic.l. Pu.'i'r, Kiiy, ItiMronl. Kcniiinl. Hn.<. (Chiiiii-

lilllill), ItlPfM (Viclnl-iH, ,\.S.>, U"S.^ (Wcllinnllllll, It.Mlll (,MilllllCill Wl-yl],

Si'iili'hi'nl, Siiiilli, Siii'li'r, Stirlmi. 'riii>iii|isiiii liliiliiiiiiiiiKll. TIiiiiii|'m>ii
(On(iiriii), 'roiii-tini^iNitt. Tri'mltlti.N , W'hIIhim', \\'!*II,-, Wnrkriuiii, \\ri..(lit,
CMiiittii c'i.,1. WiiBlii ^^■|ll•l<,^hl|.;-s:i.

\ w.s— .An'li.-iriili.iiilt. Aiilt. ItjiKi-r, liclliTosp, Iti'rlriiri<l, ISdwn.
eiiiiiiTnii (thiniii), Cmiiplu'lj, *';irtifr, Cnllty. ('ii!'lii;jiti. Ciriwrnril *Urin-k-
villc), lliiciiisi, liiil.l.ii', [liiiikiii, I'Mi'liii, •i.'UK'lii'r. (mIjIis, llniiil, liniy,

(ii'ovcr, IliiH'ks ll'ilini"', lli>»i', ,1,i<'k.- Imu's (l.i'cti^l, lu'cln ,

|jiiiiif('\ in, litipiiin, jjinv.'^nri, .Mi'Di.iitilil (.Vnliudnisli), .Mchniiniil (l.iiruMi
liiii'itl. .Mi'lliiiiuiiii Criiri'i' llivi'i'sl. Mi'Ki'jifiii'v. .Me.Milliiii, .Morris
.Mcirrixoii (.Miiuiinil, I'crry, t'iii.-'oiiiii'iiiill, Hi'liiliiillc, llnss (Hiinilii''),
Hii.-'.- (PriiMT I'Mwnril), Uyuii (Kititfs, ,\.H,), ,Sji\iiry, Smvci-, Sinmr)},
Sliii|i,"ipn, Siriicl, SylMiiii, Tillcy, Tiipi'i'r, Wulib, Wliiti', Wliitclwiin
WillHiiii— <V),

assimilating the eurreney of the

i\ ■ • it 1 '.• 1 Assiiiiihiii,,!. C.I rh,.

JJominion. another relating to ciirm.iy ii:,„kiMk-
Uanks and BaiikiiiL!', and two
with reference to Savinj^-s IJanks, The liiiiikiim-
Aft was a general one extending lor ten \ ears
tlie rliarters of banks about to exi)ire, and
makinu- provision for the New IJrunswirk IJaiiks
to continue under existing charters, or to accept
the provisions of the bill, if they so desired.
The Savings Banks Bills provided that the Nova
Scotia system was to remain as it was only
allowing the banks to have brainhes in
!he dill'erent towns. In ew IJrunswii k, ihc
St. John's I'ank was i)ut t.:. the same fooliim- iis
that of llalif.ix, the other banks being iiiadi'
.subsidiary to it. In Ontario and Quebec the
existing Savings Banks were given the option
of three courses to pursu(> : 1st. To arrange llieir
matters with the (Jovernment, hand over < ir
assets and allow the Government to manai.!!'
ihi'tn as a Crovernment Savings Bank ; 2nd. To
inc(n-i)orate thems.'lves with any chartered Iiauk
in the Dominion"; ;]rd. To become incorporated
themselves with a i)aid-up capital, tweiilv-live
per cent, cf such capital to be paid liv
instalments; any surplus they may possess to
be invested in Oovernnient funds for charilahii'
purposes. The (piestion of assimilating lln'
currency In. t occupied the attention ol' lin'
House at previous sessions, but had been post-
poned out of deference to the wishes of tlio
Nova Scolia members; now it was felt thai the
inconvenience of having one kind of ciinencv
j in Nova Scotia and another in the other I'loviines

was too o'reat, and the bill providiii"' a uiiiioriii
1 ' • • •

currency for the Dominion was passed by lln'

(iovernment. One object of the bill w.is to

force British as well as American silver oiil ol

! circulation, and siibslitiite( 'anadian silver. Mr.
Chipman and a few others endeavoured lolnive
the currency of Nova Scotia allowed to ivniain
as it was, and, failiiio- that, to have the date ol
the act I'oming into force extended to Ist

I .laiiuary, |s7'J, instead of 1st .Inly, IS7I, Imt
without snecM'ss, an aiiiciidinent to that clf'rt

I by Mr. Jones of Halifax, being defeated \>\' n

I vote of 27 to IM), and the bill was passed,

(iOVHIfXMKNT OF I.OIJD LISdAU- SHSSIOX <)K PAHLIAM KNT, IS7I.

211

Misri'llMiM"!!." Arts

i.,i.-o.i. allowiiiii' 'lu'

VJ. — Amoiii^st tho othfv public hills piisscd,
was 0110 t'xtoiulinu,' the Census Act to Maiiitoha
and Biitisii Colunihiii, iind
inu' tor takin<>-
ill Algoma, the Magdtrlen Islands and other
rt'inote phioos to he extended to 1st September.
All Act indeiiinilyiiui- the (roveniment lor the
amount expende<l in repelliiiii' tiie Fenian raid
of 1870, was passed, as also an Act makinii' the
l(.aii lor payment of the Hudson's liayCoinpaiiy
lor tiie purchase ol" the North-West, the lirst
cliarue on the Consolidated lieveiine Fund
after the loan lor Ibrtilications. An Insnraiico
Act was passed providing' that Canadian .m-
pauies may make their deposits in Doiiiinion or
rroviiK'ial securities; llritish eonipanies in
securities ol'tiie United Kingdom; and American
coiiipaiiies in United Slates securities. [I also
l)re>eribes the manner in wliidia coni|)any may
rcliie i'rom business, so as to provide lor the
security of policy-holders, and also the manner
of procedure in the event ol' tiie failure of a
idiiipanv. Acts were also passed extendiiii;-
tlie statutes to Manitoba and Ibitish Columbia ;
;,.i(l for the estahlishment of militia districts in
those Provinces. A l)ill was iutr(»duced in the
Si'iiale with reference to tho seizure of fon-iyn
vessels ILshiiiii' in Canadian waters, providiim,'
tiiMt tiiey may be taken to corlain desiunated
[iiirts instead of !o the luiarest port, and
refill la ting tho distribution of the proceeds of
the sale of such conli.-icaled vessels, Amonnst
tiie private bills were acts ineorporatinii tht\
Metropolitan Bank, Montreal, with 11,000,000
cai)it:d ; tho Modford Dislriit IJank 01 AV^aterloo,
<i., witli iJoOO.itOO capital; the Western Kank,
of Yarmouth, N. S., with I^OO.OOO .apital; and
the Hank of Liverpool, of Liveij)ool, N. S., with
$;')itO,00(l cai)ital. The foUowiim' U'aihvay
Ceiupanies were also incorporated, the Montreal
mill Oitawa Jun«tioii Railway Company, w.th
$1,0(10,(100 capital, to construct a road from
Oitawa to Coteaii Ivandinu-; the Ontario and
<iuehec Kailway Company, with ^1,2.10,0(10
capiial, to construct a road from 'i'oronto, by
w:\y of I'eterhoroiigh, Madocii;id Carlelon I'lace,
ti> cdunect with the North Shore liaihvay of

Quebec; the Kingston and Pembroke Ivaiiway
Company, with !»;1,2.")0,()()() to build a road
from Kingston to I'embroke. The Sauli
Ste. Marie Railway and Ihidne Company, with
.•J10,OO0,O()O capital, to build a railway from
Sault St. Marie to connect with projerled rail-
ways at Nipissinii', extend a branch to coiinoct
the Toronto, Simcoo and Miiskoka Junction
Railway at Ib-acebridn'c, and to construct a
railway bridge acros.s the riv«'r Si. Mary, and
connect with the ]\Iichigan Railways. The
Fredrickton and St. Mary's Hriduc Company,
with a capital of $.'500,000, fi>r hrid-in- the St.
John River; and the Dominion Teloiiiaph
Company, with sj 1,000,000 capital, were also
incorporated. Altogether hiriy jmblic and
twenty-eight i»rivate Acts ,vere ()asse(l.

\'\. — Two of the most important subjects
discussed at this -session were the Ariiitration
l>et ween the I'rovincesofC )iilario

h.'li:lli- nil ill.' U'lI.U'l'

and (Juebee wit'.i rei>ard to the 'i Oi.' iiiii-..'..i..iii,ii.
allotment of tho surplus debt of the rrovince
of Canada at the timo of Confederation, and the
admission of British Columbia, both of which
we treat of in separati^ chapters. .Vnioiigst the
important debates were oin" on the (picstioii of
the lutercohniial, and another on the distribution
of laud in Manitoba. In the former the ( >p|)osi-
tion strongly urged the ailoi)tii)n ol the four feet,
eight and a half inch guage at once, in.stead of
the live \.\\'\ six inches which was ln'iiiu- put
(!')Wii, as it would be cheaper to chaiu^c it at once
than to do so after the road was comi>l"ted. It
was aru'ued that th" narrow-iiuaoe was beiui;-
universally adoptctl throuu'hout the continent,
and that all the triiuk lines must event ua 11 v adopt
that guage in order 'omako ihrouiili eouuectioiis,
and that the tireal Western Company had
already changed thei.-iUiiue. llou. Mr. LaiiLic in
said that the (loveriuv ,il had taken the suhjcci
ol gauge into considoralion, and il wa^ found
that it would cost about si, 000, 000 lo . haiuiv
the Luayo of the lines runniiiL!- from llalilax

I lo Trill ■>, and from Amher.st ti> Moiicti 1 ; bui
the sericiis obstacle in tlie way of adoi)iiim
the narrow guage was the (Jraiiil Trunk, It

1, was most th'sirablc that the Intercolonial and

[•■

h W i!

I| 'I

f\}l4\ '

i I ii

■l\-2

TITPLKS IIIST()I;Y OF TIIK DO.MlN'loX OF CAXADA.

tlic Grninl Trunk slioiikl be tin- same unano, so as
to avoid liioukiiig' bulk, and he did not considor
that (he (riaiul Trunk coiild ali'ord thcoxponso ol'
chanu'ing its i^uano. wliicli would involve an ex-
penditure oi' about .s:!,O00.0tlO. The subject was
then dropprd alter some further diseussion.

14. — On the second of March, Sir George E.
("artier laid on the table a messa<>e i'rojn the
I'ni.ii. hiii.Niii Crovernor-Ueneral containing an

^' '"'■'■ Order in Council respect ing the

reiiulation of public lands in Manitoba. These
related to the system ol' survey : distribution of
the 1,400,000 acres reserved ibr Half-breeds;
ssttlenuMit of Crown Lands ; pre-empt 'oii rights ;
homi'stead rights : (,>xoniption of ceitain lands
an<l reservation for Pacific llaihvav.* Sirvreorge

• Till' llllluHilll.' i:^ II -.Vnl■|l^;^ "f tllC ICJ-'Hl:! I i"!!.- .-iduiil i'i| :— j

Si iivEY.— Tlia s.v.^tcin In lie iiTliint'iiliir. Tiic inwn.'^liiiM In i'iiii.-'i.'<t of
tliirt.v-.-i.\ .>rftM>n.^ of luit' iniU' s.niure fat'!! : ainl rn;nl allowaiu'o (uic
chain wi'ii- sliaM In- allnwcil liotwi-en all tn'.vii.'lii|.< aiul .'rcliuiis. Tlio
riili'riiiitiiiiial IhiiiiiiImi'.s lint' t" rnriii the ha.^is of tn\vn.'i|ii|is 1 anil -'. Tlii;
WiimiiH'!-' hiiTiilian to lii' ai|"pti'ci; i.i llic linu t'rnni wliich l(iwii.<lii|p> .-hall
nnmlicr iM.-t ami we-t. In llu' survey ol' an.v ami cvrry tnwn.'^hiii the
ililli'ii'iii-y III- siii-iiln-'. a- the i-asc may lie, n'sullim.' fnan i-mivei-Keiii-i' nT
11 i-l-iili.iM.-^. >h,ill 111- -1-1 lint ami all.iwiil in tir.- c|iiartel- .-eetimi- mi the
west liiiumlao — the area nl' tthii-h shall in Ihi- .survey he letiirneil
ueeiiriliiii.' I" their aetual ei intents.

Id-iTiiiiiiiiiiN lit' II.M.i -UiiKKii I.A.\Ji.«.— Kvery Ilall-lireeil resi'lenl in
Manitiilia mi l-'ith .Inly, l.^Tn, ami every i-liiM ul'siieh llalt'-lireeil, .shiill he
enlitleil tn share in the l,|nn,nOiiai-re.s llalt'-lii-eei| i-eserve, llie iini.st liheral
eiinstriieliiin hi-iiiL' |iiit nil the wm-il " resiili-nf." Xn restrietiiin.s a." tn
settleih.-nl are iiniinseil, anil the (trantee may iln as ho pleases with hi»
land. The Ijienteiiant-tiiiverni'i- 111' .M.inii'ilia shall ile-iirnate the tnwnship
nr iiarl.s nl' tnwi-.siiiiis in whii-li the nllnliiienls t" llaU-hi-eeils shall he
inaile. .\ eensMs shall lie taken iilall wIki arc entitled tn ^■rants, and the
hind divided iiitii as many l"i.s as there are elaimants : these Inls to he
distriliiited hytlie l.ientenaiit-iliivernnr, the tiekels fiir the Int.s heiiiK
drawn at randum Irntii a ho.x, and. as they are drawn, nnmhercil and
rei-'istered in the order in ivhii-h the i-laim,ints have tirevionsly rcttistered
their names. Claimants nl' the iiKe id' eighteen nr iiiiire In receive their
liatents at mii-e, mimn-s tn have theirs mi enniinif nl' ace. There shall lie
nndi-tinetinn nlscv 'n the distrihiition. Alter allntinent, the lands tuhe
^•n^el■ned entirely liy the law.s id' .Manitiiha.

Si TTi.KMi.M iH t'iniu N I.AMis. —These prnvisiiins tn aiiply mily tn snr-
veved land.-. All nn!iii|iri'|iri.ited inililie land tn he 'ipen In sale at mie
dnllar jier aere. All sales tn he I'lir ea.-ll.

I'UK-KMerinN Kiiiiir.-^ — .\iiy iiersnn lieiiiK the head of .-i i'amily, nr a
siiiplc man ahnve the atr • nl" twenty-nne years, heinn a llritish snhjeet hy
liirtli nr liatiirali/.atinn, whii has made, nr shall hereafter make, a settle-
ment in iiersiin nn the imlilie hind.-, and wliu has inhatiiti-d and imiirnved
the .same, and whn has erei-ted nr shall erei-t a dwellim^ theremi, may
have himseir entered with the Land i Mlii-er id' the divisimi in wliieh siieh
land is,aii>' niimheror aei-es mil exeeedim; hm nr niie-iinarter seetinii id'

land, til ini'i'ide the ri-sidei f the i-laiinant, and ^hiain a |iateii( tliere-

I'ur, iipiiii iia>ini; t" the Crnnn the iiriue nl' sin-h lands. Itehne the riiiht
111' ]ire-emtitiiin eaii he i-.xereised, the iier.snii sn a|i|dyiiiK mii.st prndiiee
prnnfln the himd ttllieer nf settlement and impruvement, and make oath
tn that otlieer that he has not previmisly pre-empted any land tinder
the.ie reiritlatintis, and that he intends them i'nrhis own use, and tint I'nr
spei-iilative pnrpiises. An.\- persmi swearinif falsely shall liirfeit Avhat
iiinnoy he has depii-ited, and he lialile tn pruseeiitimi I'm- perjury. Any
niiesliun lis III the riulil- nl'setllers in he settled hy tin- Land uniiii-,

lIn.Mi siKAn Uii,iiis.-~Any head nf a family, nr pei.-mi nver tivonly-mie
years • an(>, whn i> a !>rili-li .-iiliii-i-t hy hirlli nr nalnrali/atimi, shall he

E. Cartier explained the policy of the (lovcni-
ment. and said that the Government was anxious
to get settlers. The plan of survey had been
changed, and blocks rt>duced from 80O to i;40
acres. Every volunteer who settled would u'ct
one lot as a volunteer, and another as a settli'v
Hon. ^Ir. Macdousiall attacked the policy of tlif
Government in reducing the grants from -200 to
IdO acres. He charged that the reserve lands
were ])laced under the control of the Lim-;i1
Government, which hail been packed wiih
friends of the ])i)minion Government IVnm
Lower Canada. Hon, i\Ir. Morris defeiidid ih •
policy of the Government, and denied thai the
reserve lands were under control of the jjornj
Government, they still remained under i-oiuiol
of the iJominion, and the Local Govenimein
was only authorized to carry out dcttiils. (in
the tjth Aj)ril, Hon. Mr. Macdoir all moved ihe
House into Committee on certain resoluiions
on which to base an ;iddn>ss to the Govenior-
General, praying him to issue amended instruc-
tions for the survey, distribution, seitlemeiil
and sale of lands in Manitoba. He criticised
the policy of the Government, and compared it
with that of the United States, where pre-
emption, and homestead rights were extemleil
to all immigrants, whih^ by the (lovernineiit
polii-y they were restricted to llriti.sh subjei ts,
and thought this would have a bad elfect on
intending emigrants. He objected to the reduc-

entitled tn he entered for nne-iiuarter seetinn. m- a less qua lit it y- nl iinap-

jirnpriiited imlilii* land fur the piirinisenf seeiiriinra hmnestead. Jli-nihi-rs

I if the (Intarinand ijiiehee Iraitalimis nf vdiinleers whn set tie in .Maiiinilia

shall he --'itilled tn an extra tree irrant- witlnnit aetnal i-esidem-e. nf mic- '

niiarler seetimi. .Nn ntlier in-rsiin shall he entith;il to iimre than nm-

I hmiiesiead rii-dit. wliiili .shall lint e.\i-ei-d hv ai-res. The sclihr. "ii

[ aiipl.\-lm; tn the Land Ollieer, must make an alliihivit that he is a lliiiisli

I siihjeet, is tw-enty-mie years nld, that the iipidieatinn is fur his i-xelii-iM- i

I henelit, auil that he aetually intemis tn settle. On payment i if ten dellars ;

, ' ho eati ' 1 enter nil pnssessinii, and, at the e.xpiratinu of live years, -ii \

1 1 prnid'nf residenee nr eultivatinii, tn the satisfaetinn nl the Liiid Awiil, i

ho reeeives a patent I'nr the hind. A patent may he nhiained at any time
|i nil iiayment nf |ire-emptinii priee.

l-AiMi'Tiiixs iiF CiiiiTMS I.AMi-i.— The fnllnwiiiL' lands are imt siih.ii-i-t I"

lire emptiiin nr h i-tead riL-lil- :- LaieU allntled tn the lliid-nn's llay

' ! Cmiipany iiinlor the terms nf ihe transfer nf tin Nnrth West In Canada:
■' lands reserved I'nr sehnnls: wnnd lands set apart I'm- siippl.xiiar fuel: >
! seleeled site.s nf tnwns nr villaues : lands iietnally settled and e.-i-upivl ■
j for Ihe purpnses nf trade : mineral hiuds.

' Kkkkhvathi.v fok I'Aritir Uaii.wav,— .\t any time after the 1-1 .May.
' 1X71 the (invernnr-lii-Cnuneil may. suhjei-t In then exisiinit rit-lits, wiili-
■ ' draw frnm the nperatimi nf the ahnve system land tn the width "f thr'i-

I full tnwn-llit>s nil eaeh side >>\' the line liually sauelinlied I'm- l!le Il|ii'l-

;1 Oi-eanii- liaihvay, and ni.i* :il-n li-rmiiiate :ifter the same day Ilie li-'i-
j llnmestead system.

' !

(tovcvu- ;
i anxious ■
l;ul ln'iMl
)(l to 1140
ould uvt
a sellliT.
■y of ih.'
Ill -200 lo
•vr Innds

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(iOVMIJN.MHN'ToF LORD LIS(;Ar{-SF':SSI()N OF I'AFU.IAMHNT, isyi.

2i:!

lion ol' llif sizi' of lln' town.ships I'rom nine lo
six mill's, M^ it would iiiako municipal privileges
more expensive, or I'orce several townships to
uiiile. He opposed the Governmenl plan of
i liiyiiiii' out roads, and thouohl the settlers
I ouii'lil to have the riuhl to make roads where
' lliey liked. lion. Mr. Morris del'ended the
Govenuiieiil policy, and said settlers could
i pre-empt their land on iiaynieiit of one
(lollar iiii acre, while they had to pay one
dollar and twenty-live cents in the States.
Ill answer to Mr. l?ow(dl, Sir George K. ("artier
.•<;iii| that the rciiulations would lie amended so
iliiit every Noluntecr, except those dismissed for
hiiil conduct — niid lie was li'lad to sny there were
very lew of those — should rec^'ive a free grant,
w liclhcr he had actually gone to Manitoba or had
ivniained in depot, and he could have another
grant by settling. He defended the Government
policy and '^Mid it was necessary to put a price
ol one dollar per acre on the land to prevent it
liilliimiiito the hands of speculators. Dr. Schultz
i said tliiit the people he represented were well
jili'iisi'd with the land policy of the Government,
which was much better than that of any other
tiortion of the Dominion, and the system was ex-
ri'llciitly adapted to a jirairie country. He would
have prci'erred to see Manitoba made a large
rrovince, and the lots two hundred acres each ;
liut in view of its small .size and the large land
j veM'rve he thouiiht 1(50 acres enough. He
' improved of the system of laying out roads
h 'tween the sections, l)ut thouLiht the roads
j >«hould be at least a chain and a half wide ; the
existiiiu' roads were two chains wide. He was
instructed by his constituents to thank the
Government for the grant of 1,400,(300 acres of
liiiid ; and he may .say on their l)ehalf that they
wore p incipally Half-breeds, Init wer-.! very
anxious to have the Volunteers settle amongst
them. He could say this, notwithstanding the
uiil'ounded reports of riots and misconduct by
the Volunteers. The Half-breeds were, however,
somewhat doubtful about taking these lands
until the Indian title was extinguislied. lest it
should bring them into conilict with that race ;
he hoped, therefore, that the (lovernment would

adopt a liberal Indian policy as speedily as
po.ssible. He thought that the Government
should be very careful in trying to keep land
out of the hands of speculator.s, and approved
of the policy of keeping reserves for fuel. On
the debate being resumed, on the tenth, Hon.
.Mr. ^lorris said that the (ioveriimeiit had con-
sented to the suggestion made that patents could
be taken out in three years instead of live.
Mr. l'"erguson suiigested that conditions of
settlement should be attaelied to the grants lo
the Half-breeds. Sir George Iv ('artier said it
was too soon to talk of conditions ; the iirs!
thiiui' was to get the blocks of land selected for
the Hall-breed reserve, and then the balance of
the country could be thrown open for ueiieral
setllement. On the suliject coiiiing up aii'aiii,
on the thirteenth, Mr. Feruuson iiressed hi.s
point that the Half-breeds should be re([uired
to settle. Sir George E. Cartier said that had
better lie left to the (}overnment ; many ol' the
Half-breeds were babies and their lands would
have to be kept lor them ; when they came of
RLic they could do as they pleased with them.
He also said that the Government would adopt
the suggestion of Dr. Schultz and make the
roads witter. Ilmi. ^Ir. Macdoua-all having
intimated his intention not to press his resolu-
tiinis. the order was then discharaed.

15. — The projiriety of the admission of the
members elected to represent Manitoba in the
House of Commons, was (pies- ii,,, , ,„,.||,,„„|
tioned by the Opposition on •M:',';i',!:i':^',';,'.;,,i,,,r,
account of the doubt raised as to '"i"' H""^'-
the costitutionality of llie Manitoba .Act, iiii<ler
which their election took place. These elections
were held on the 2iid of March, and on the
twenty-seventh of that month Mr, Speaker
informed the House that 'h' had received returns
of the election of Mr. Donald A. Smith, Dr.
Schultz, and Mr, Delormc for tlie rrovince of
Manitoba ; and also a special return from the
Returning Olhcer fo."Mur(juette.^- Mr. Mackenzi*'
asked what the (Sovernment intended to do

•'I'll!-' ri'liirn .•Imwi'.l tlmi tlip I'li'.'tinii li.i.l i.viilti'il in ii lii', llii' iviinli-
. lilies. Dr. Lynch mi. I -Mr. Aniriis .M.-Kiiv. ri.i'iv iiiu JS'J v.ilrs nn-h. On :i
MilisciuiMil cli'.ii .Mr. HiiliiTI Ciinnini-'lniin wii.« ri'liiniril.

',|i \i'

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214

TITTFJys IIISTOIJY OF THK DOMFNIOX OF CANADA.

iibout the returns, as Ihoy ouii'ht not to 1)0
I'litcrcd on the Journals. Tin- Govoriuiu'iit ha<l
annoiincod its intontiou oi moving an address
to Ili'r Majesty, praying tho Imperial I'arlia-
mcnt to |)ass an .Ait to legalize the Manitoba
Act, uiuler which these eleetion.s took place,
and it would he impossible I'or tho House to
reeouni/e the legality of the elections while
tho legality ol' tln^ Act under which they
were held was (juestioued. Sir (George 1'].
Cartier said that the House had pa.s.sed the
Manitoba Act under which these elections were
held, and it was not lor the Government, or the
Eiouse either, to say that the gentlemen elected
could not take their seats. The position the
Government took was that tlie Manitoba Act
was valid, and the legislation of the Imperial
I'arlianu'nt was only asked to remove any
doubts such as had been i'Xi>ressed by the
Opposition. The retiirns were entered on the
Journal. On the twenty-ninth, Mr. JJonald. A.
Snnth, member lor Selkirk, was introduced by
Sir George E. ('artier uul Mr. Simpson. Mr.
Mackenzie desired to call the attention of the
Government to the fact that a gentleman had
been introdueed to the House who had been
oleetcd under an Act of Parliament which
was awaiting conlirmation by the Imperial
I'arliament, ar.d said that, as there was .some
doubt as to members from Manitoba being
entitled to their seats, he thought the Govern-
ment should follow the precedent created by
itself at the opening of the preseiU Parliament,
when a similar doubt was raised, and refer the
matter to a Committee. Sir George E. Cartier
said that thi' honorable :'ntleman took his seat
under an Act of Parliament, which had neither
been disallowed nor declari'd null by any legal
proi'css, and therefore was entitled to his seat.
W the honoral)le member for Lambton liked to
raise a question of privilege, he could do so, and
the Government would then advise the House
what course to pursue, but not before. The
subject then dropped. On tho 5th of April Dr.
Schultz and Mr. Ui-lorme, members from T^isgar
and Provencher, took their seats. On the 8th
Mr. Speaker read a communication from William

Dease, claiminii' to be the proper representative
of the District of Provencher. ( )n the lOlh Mr.
lioss (Prince Edward) called attention to cert:iiii
rumors which were in circulation to tiie ellc( t
that the member for Provencher (Mr. Delonne)
had been a member of liiel's ( 'ouncil, and also of
the Court Martial (hat condemned Scott If h'
was guilty of the lirst chariiiv he was guilty ol
hiu'li treason ; if of the second, of murder, ilr
(Mr. lloss) therefore thought it was only jiM
that the liontleman should have an i)pi)ortniaty
to clear himself and ibr that reason he called
attention to the rumors. Mr. Delonne said tin-
rumors were entirely incorrect ; he kniw
nothinu' of the murder until two days altci- it
took place. He was elected a delegate to the
Convention called by Mr. Smith, and that \v;\s
the lirst thinu- he had to d<» with ail'airs at h'ed
Iv'iver. M •. D. A. Smith said he knew that Mv.
Delorme was not a member of Kiers Couiiril,
nor of the Court Martial whicii coiuleniued
Scott. Hon. AV. Macdouu'all said that Mr. llo.s,s
havinsi' stated that there was reason to believe
that Mr. Delorme had been connected with the
rebellion, he would move "That a Select Com-
mittee be appointed to enquire into thi' truth of
these allegations, and to r^'port the proceediiius
which ought to be taken, in order to relieve
this House from the disiirace and dishonor of
recei\inganioniist its meml)ers any one guili y <ir
such oll'enses ; and the committee to consist of
Messrs. Morris, Dorion, Street. D. A. Macdoi'alil,
J. H. Cameron, Blake, and Gibbs." Sir George E.
Cartier moved, in amendment, "That the matter
be referred to the Committee on Privileges ami
Elections." Hiju. Mr. Dorion considered that
the explanation of tho member for Provencher
was perfectly satisfactory, and moved in amend-
ment to the amendment, " That, the member for
Provencher having declared that he took no part
in the unfortunate event at Red River at the
time Scott was put to death, and was only
informed of it two days after it had taken place,
and his statement having been corroborated liy
the member for Selkirk, there is no case whi(,'h
would require to be sent to a Committee." j
Hon. Mr. Holton said there was no case for

(lOVHIJXMHNT OK LORD LIS(iAI{-SKS.SIOX OF PA FJLIAMKXT, Is;!.

;i Comiriitti'e. Mr. O'Connor said that, the
Manitoba Aft laid down I hi' (jualiiications lor
inonilx-rs of thi' Housf IVoni tliat I'rovince;
and he ari-'utHl tliat own if tiio charncs against
llic nioniher lor rrovfii" licr wore proveil true,
he couKl not he dis(|iialiiied. Alter some further
(lil)ale, lion. Mr. Dorion's motion was carried
hy a vote of lU to 4t>, and the matter was
(liopped. On the 1:2th, Mr. Blake called atteii-
tioii to a very serious question ol' privilege;
llivee members had been returned lor Manitoba,
and petitions against the return ol" two ol" them,
( ionald A. Smith and Pierre Delorme) had been
presented; the Manitoba Act made net provision
lor trying controverted elections, and it was so
iii'ar the end ol" the session that it was impossi-
lile to get evidence in the cases I'rom Manitoba
hrlore the close, and, therefore, it seemed as
if the.se gentlemen would hold their seats,
altliouuh the petitioners declared I hey were
iiiii entitled to them, lie thouL-lit that the
Government should have taken some steps in
the matter, hut as they had not he would move
•'That ix'titious have been presented to and
rocciveil by this lIou.se against the election and
return of Donald A. Smith, the sitting member
lor Selkirk, and Pierre Dolorme, the sitting
m('nil>er for Proveiicher ; that no provision has
heen made for the trial of controverted elections
in Manitoba ; that the expense and delay in-
volved in the trials of the said elections, would
render such trials abortive; that in order to
prcvi'iit a failure of justice, i)rovisiou should be
made to render it jwssible to take evidence in the
matter of the said controverted elections on the
spot, duringthe roce.ss of Pan. meiit." Sir Geo.
E. ('artier said it was not in the power of the
House to pa.ss .statutory enactments with respect
to coutroveited elections in Manitoba, suchenaet-
menls to have force when the House was not in
se.ssion. lie moved, in amendment. " That the
petitions against the election of Messrs. Donald
A. Smith, and I'iern' I)elornu\ be referred to
the Committee on Privileges and Elections, with
iii.st ructions to meet without delay and report
to the Ilou.se the ])roeedure to be adopted with
ivgard to the said petitions, in order that the

riuhts of all parties concerned therein may be
luUy protected.' Hon. Mr. Ilolton said the
practii a) eH'eet of this amendment would be to 1
del'eat the ends of justice, unle.ss it was certain ,
that the Cominitlee would be called touetjier at j
once. Mr. Blake suugested that the Minister of
Militia should withdraw his amendment, and
sul)stitute a short Bill to meet the recjuirements
of till case. Hem. .1. H. Cameron thought that ;
the Committee might meet durinu' recess and j
report a Bill to the House in the evening. Sir j
Geortic E. Cartier's amendment was then put [
and carried. The fears of the ( )pposition were
well ground<'(l. for the Committee did not meet
and no report was made before Parliament was
prorogued.

10. — The strong feeling aroused in Ontario,
by the murder of Scott, had rather strengthened
during the past year, and after

, "' ■ 1 £. .1 . i Ti , .Mr. It;. ..il'siMiilii.u

the arrival ot the troops at I'ort .n rh(iiini.iir..r
(rarry, when no steps were taken
by the (Government to arrest Kiel and others
implicated iii that murder, the feeling increased,
and was as much directed against the Govern-
ment as against the murderers. This feelinu-
had been turned to good account by the Opposi-
tion pres.s, and it was expected that Mr. Blake,
who had moved resolutions on the subject in
the Ontario House, would test the feeling of the
House of Commons on the subject, but he
refrained from doiim' so, and Mr, Joseph liymai
undertook the task. On the 11th of April he
moved the following amendment to the motion,
to go into Ccmimittee of Supply : " That this
House reiirets that the Government of tlie day
have done uothinii' towards procuring the
inxni.shment of the murderers of Thomas Scott,
and that an humble address be presented to His
I'^xcellency, prayiim- that he will take such
steps and make such representations as will be
best calculated to bring these. men to justice. "
lie complained of the murderers of Scott heinu'
allowed to uo at large, and declared that, if no
attempt was made to arrest them, it was a bitter
mo.'kery of British justice. He then criticised
the appointments made by the Government,
and charged that loyal men were ignored, and

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TITTI-KS IIIS'l'oRV Ol' TIIK KOMlN'lUN < »l' ('ANA h A.

those who had lavoied and assisted thi' rchollioii I alter \vhi<h a vote was taken, and Mr. Ivvmiii

motion deiealod by a \(>le oi' 40 for to 75aiiuiii>i
17. — Anioni^'sl the business of minor interest
transacted was tlie passing- of a rongratulalnry
ad.lre.ss. on the iMsl i''e))ruary, by ii,,,;,,,,,,,, i,,,,
l)olh Ilou.se.s, to liis Kxrelleney '''"'"'i^"!""-
the (rovt-rnor-lreneral, on the oeeasiou ol' his
bi'ini;- raiseil to tlie peera^^t'. The address was
moved in till' Senate by linn. Alexander
Campbell, seconded by Hon. Letellier Dr St
Just; and in the Commons by Sir John A.
Macdonald, seconded by Mr. A. !*lackeiizie

ai)pointed to jilaees oi' honor and emolument. |
Sir (}e(irL!e K. Carlier said he was sure all the
meml)ers ol' liie (loveinment deeply lamented
the death ol' the uiit'ortiinat • man Seolt ; but he
thouij'ht tlic motion siionjd not have l)een
made in this House. The Crovcmment of the ■
Dominion had ikj more riuht to iiiterlere in the j
mailer than they would in the . ase of a murder '
commilled in Ontavjo. At the time of tiie occur-
rence the Homiiuon had no jurisdiction in the
lied h'iver country; it had not yet been trans-
I'erred, and it had no authority; now local I The Supply IJill i^ranted $lt),31l!l,sr.i; loi the year
Courts ol' Justice had been established, and ] 1871-:2, and $l,0!»ii,:2il3 supplementary lor ilie
they, and they alone, were competent to deal j year 1S70-1. In the former amount was
with the case. As to the question of patronage, ' included nearly .fS.iiOO.OoO for public works.
the Dominion Government a])i)<>inted only : $(i,00O,(Miu being for the Intercolonial. N(;:24.niio
two oiiicers — the Lieuti'nant-tJovt.'rnor and the ' was iiranted lor canals ; 8->-*i,00O for harlior
Iii'corder ; — all others were appointed by the improvements; s:.".t7,!SS0 for the rarliaiiienlary
Local Government. Air. Uymal said that when Buildings, Library and (! rounds ; i»!4nO.(iiiO ler
the Hon. D'Avcy Mc'jlee was shot the (royern- 1 opening up the Norlh-AVest, and 8-0n,i)(iii
ment had oU'ered a reward for the apprehension I for a Post OfRce at Halil'a.'C. There was eon-
of his murderers, and he thought they miiiht do [ siderable debate on this item in Committee, and
the same in tlie case of Scott. Air. Eoweil sup- i it was linally agreed that before any steps wi'iv
port"d llie motion, and .severely crilicised the • tak"n to (>xpend the money, the (|Ue>tion
ai>i)oinlments made m Alanitoba. Dr. Tupi)er ! between the Dominion and Nova Scotia (ioveiii-
defended the course of the Government and of | ments wiih reiiard to the cost of the rroviiuial
Lieutenant-Governor Archibald, who, he said, buildiim' at Halifax should be submiiled to
had, by his wise measure^, restored peace and | arbitration, aiul if a sirm not exceeding siJivJJSJ
order. He stiumatised the motion as a mere ' was agreed on il should be accepted, the build-
party dodue l)rought forward on the eve of a ings taken over and the %i200,000 grant not used.
general election for political purjjoses, and ' The point at i.ssue between the two Govcni-
raaintaiiied that the Dominion Government had ments was the amount which had been exiiendcil
no jurisdiction in the case. Hon. Iv 1!. Wood \ on the building since "Better terms'' witc
maintained that Lower Canada had had juris- agreinl on, the Local Government clainuie^- that
dicti(jn over the North-AVest in criminal matters it should be reiml)ursed by the Dominion, and
since 1S()3, and instanced the ;rial of two men. the latter declining to pay any more than the
named Drown and Jioucher, at Toronto in 1818 stipulated pvice. The matter was subsequently
ibr crimes comnuit(>d in thi> North-West. Mr.' compromised. Thesum of 82(IO,(}00 was uranied
D. A. Smith said that after the troops entered for taking the census, in addition to sloO,')'.!!)
Fort Garry some persons wanted him to issue voted last year. In the Supplementary Estimates
warrants for the arrest of Riel and others, but was included $:ioO,000 i'oi' siirveys for Pacilic
he did not think he had authority. The debate Railway : i#50,U00 for takinu' census in Alaiiitoba
was continued by Messrs. Blake, Ferguson and and British Columbia; i5;l:iU,O0O lor I'ost Ollices
Jackson, who followed the same tone of argu- at Toronto, Quebec and London; !$120,U0ii for a
ment — that the Dominion Government had ' Reformatory near Montreal. The House wa.-
Jurisdiction, and ought to exert its authority, .j prorogued on 14th April.

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fJOVERNMKXT OF LORD LISUAR— THE ADMISSION OF BRITISH fOLT^MBIA.

•-'17

CHAPTER XX.

(iOVHRXMENTOFLOlll) I.ISGAR— THK ADMIS-
SION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.

1 IvESOIilTTIONS IN FAVOR OF UNION PA.><SED
I!Y THE LkQISIATIVE CoUNf'II, OF BRITISH

CoiirMBiA. — 2. Ch.\N(}?:s in the original

I'ROl'OSITION made RY THE ])OMINI<m

Government. — '^. Questions as to terms
ok union asked in the senate. — 4. sir

GeoKOE E. CaRTIER DEFINES THE I'OSITION

OK riiE Government.— 5. Sir A. T. Galt's

OlUECTIONS TO THE IJESOLUTIOXS. — 6. HoN.
Ml!. TlLLEY DEFENDS THE GOVERNMENT

I'oMCY. — 7. Mr. Mackenzie offers an

AMEND.MENT TO THE RESOLUTIONS. — 8. Mr.
CaUTWRIOHT condemns THE POLICY OF THE
GOVERN.MENT. — 0. GoLONEIi GraY DEFENDS
THE RESOLUTIONS. Mr. .ToLV CONDE.MNS THEM.

—10. Mr. Mills' oiuections. Hon. Mr.
i.anoevin upholds the resolutions. —
11. Mr. .Tones moves an amendment to

THE AMENDMENT. — 12. SI1^ FliANCIS IIlNCKs"
EXPLANATION. HoN. Mr. MacDOUGALL
ATTACKS THE GOVERNMENT POLICY. — 13.
I\ES0LUTI<»NS ADOPTED. — 14. On MOTION Ti:

cdNcuii, Mr. Mackenzie offers another

AMENDMENT. — 15. SEVERAL AMENDMENTS
I'UT AND LOST. — IG. ThE ADDRESS FINALLY
ADiiPTED WITHOUT AMENDMENT. — 17. ThE
RESOLUTIONS IN THE SENATE. — 18. The
ADDRESS ADOPTED IN THE SENATE.

1. — One of the main objects of the ImiH>rial
Govornment in promoting the scheme of Coii-

u i,„i„„, i„ n,v„r IVdemtioii— and one always kept

u^i:i;;iivre;;n.cfi •»! view -was the conledei-
oiuriiishciumina. .^tj^,, ^f ^f/ ^.j^^, BHtish North

Amcrii an colonies ; and every inlluence which
could leuitimately bo brought to bear on the
various governments was used to accomplish
this object. With ihe larirer Provinces there
was little dilHculty, as they were anxious and
wiliinuf to be united, but with the smaller ones
there was much trouble, as they were some-
what afraid of being swallowed v.p in a great
Coiilc(U>racy with the more populous Proviuces,

and thus lose all trace of their individuality.
Both Prince Edward Island and Newlbundland
were diffident about easting in their lot with
the Dominion, and public opinion had to b
" educated " a little before it could be brought
to see the advantages which would arise from
one comprehensive union, in place of the
scattered and individually weak colonies. —
The people of Princt' Edward Island, at this
time, were still opposed to Confederation; Ihe
people of Newfoundland had defeated at the
polls the party which favored CV)ni'ederation.
and had rejected the liberal terms which the
Dominion Government had agreed on with the
Conimissioners sent to Ottawa lor that puri>ose,
and considerable interest was centered in British
I Columbia to see how the people there regarded
the scheme of union. Earl Musurave, who had
; shown himself a clever diplomatist in persuad-
j ing the Legislature of Newfoundland to accept
Confederation, was transferred to British Colum-
bia, then a Crown Colony, and at once set
■ himself zealously to work to aliect an union. In
j his message to the L(>gislative Council on the loth
! of February, 1870, he strongly urged an union
with the Dominion, and a Government measure
was adopted by the Council in fii\ or of Confed-
eration. The terms proposed by the Council,
and subsequently submitted to the CJovernmeiit
of Canada, did not dill'er materially from tliose
ultimately agreed to, except, in two particulars,
the lirst being that the Couiieil c\'sired the
l)opulation lomputed at 120,000, and ihc second
tii'it a coach road .should l)e biiilt pending the
completion of the railroad which it was proposed
to build to the Pacilic.* On tii(> 7th of May,
Messrs. J. W. Trutch, J. S. Ilelmcken, and li. \V.

* Tho eighth resolution rend as rollinvs:— " [riii-Miiii'li ms no roiil I'nion
OHn subsist botwoon this Colony iiMii CiiiukIii witliour (lio spceily rstab-
lislnnont of ooinniuniralion iioross tho Hoolty .Mnunliiins by t mich Uninl
iiml Kiiilwiiy, tho Dcuninion sliiill, wllliiii ilirco y<':irs I'roin tljo dali' of
I'liion, I'oiistrui't anil opon (or tratVif such Cnacii Hoad troni sotufi point
on Ihc line of the .Main Trniik Koail ol lliis Colony to I'ort liiirry, ol :.inii
lar I'harai'lcr to the saiil Main Trunk lioad ; ami shall t'urtbi'r I'miaun to
ns« all means in her power to pomplole sui'h Railway rounnunii'aliori at
tho earliest praclicablr ilalc. and that surveys to determine the proper
lino tor sueh Railway shall bo at oueo enmnuoiced : ami that a sum id' in>t
Icsfl than one million dollars shall be expemled in every year, Iroin ami
after three yiMirs from tho date of Inion, in aetually eonstrnetinp the
initial sections of sueh Railway from the Seaboard of llrilish Columbni.
to cunnect with the Kjiilway Ky.><tein of Canada."

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TUTTLKS HISTORY OK TIIF<] nOMIXION OK CAXADA.

W. CaiTiill, mi'inbiTK of the Executive and Lcgiss-
liitive ("ouiK ils ol' the Colony, were appointed
i>y Governor Miisgrave a deleuation to proceed
to Oltawa and eonl'er with the Dominion
Ministry as (o the terms proposed by the British
("olumhia Council. They arrived in Ottawa on
the 3rd of June, and had several interviews
with the Ministry, the resiilt ol' which was that
somewhat dilil'reiit, but rather more favorable
terms, were agreed to. These terms were
embodied in an Order-in-Couucil passed in the
Privy Couneil ol' the Dominion on the 1st ol'
July, 1870. and submitted to the British Colum-
bia Couniil I'or ratilieation.

The rollowinu' is the n>port :

"The Committee ol' the Privy Council have
had under consideration a despatch dated the
7th of May. 187<). from the G-overnor of British
Columbia, tog-ether with certain resolutions
submitted by the Government of that Colony to
the I.euislative Council thereof — both hereunto
annexed — on the subject of the proposed union
of Ih'itish Colum])ia with the Dominion of
Canada; and after .several interviews between
them iiud the Ilonorabh^ Messrs. Trutch,
Hehncken, and Carrall, the Delegates from
British Columbia, aiul full discussion with them
of the varioits questions connected with that
imi>ortant subject, the Committee now respect-
fully submit for Your Excellency's approval the
following terms and conditions to form the basis
of a i)olitieal union between British Columbia
and the Dominion of Canada.

I. Canada shall be liable for the debts and
lial)iliti«'s of British Columbia at the time of
the Union.

II. British Columbia not having inctirred
debts equal to tho<e of the other Provinces now
constituting the l.ominion, shall be entitled to
receive by half-yearly payments in advance
from the General Crovernment, interest at the
rate of five per cent, per annum, on the dilfer-
ence between the actual amount of its indebt-
edness at the date of the union, and the indebt-
edness i)er head of the population of Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick (127.77), the popula-
tion of British Columbia being taken at 00,000.

III. The following sums .shall be paid by
Canada to British Columbia for the .support uf
its Government and Legislature, to wit: !iii
annual subsidy of .$:Jr),O00, and an annunl i;niiu
equal to eighty cents per head of the said popu-
lation of OO.OOO, both half-yearly in advance,
such grant of eighty cents per head to he
augmented in proportion to the increase of popu-
lation, as may be shown by each subsequent
decennial census, until the population amounts
to 400,000, at whi.h rate such yrant shall there-
after remain, it being uiulerstood that the lirst
census shall be taken in the year 1881.

IV. The Dominion will provide an efRcieiit
mail service fortniglitly by steam communiialion
between Victoria and San Francisco, and twice
a week between Victoria and (Hympi.i. the
vessels to be adapted for the conveyaiite of
freight and passengi'rs.

V. Canada will assume and defray the
charges for the following services: —

A. Salary of the Lii'utenant-Governor.

B. Salaries and allowances of the Judges of
the Superior Courts and the County or District
Courts.

C. The charges in rcsi)ect to the Department
of Customs.

D. The postal and telegraphic services.

E. Protection and encouragement of lisiieiies.

F. Provision for Militia.

G. Ijighthouses, buoys and beacons, ship-
wrecked crews, Quarantine and Marine Hospi-
tals, includinii' a Marine Hospital at Victoria.

//. The Geological Survey.

1. The Penitentiary.

And such further charyvs as may be incident
to aiul connected with the services which, liy
the British North Anun-ica Act of 18()7, api)or-
tain to the General Government, and as ;irc or
may be allowed to the other Provinces.

VI. Suitable pensions, such as siiall lie
approved of by Her Majesty's Government,
shall be provided by the Government of the
Dominion for those of Her Majesty's serviuits in
the Colony wlmse position and emoluments
derived thorefnnn would be allecteil hy
political changes on the admi.ssion of liritisli

paid by
pport dl'
wit,: nil
lal ^■l•!llll
lid popu-
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(iOVKIJNMliNT OF l.ol.'D IJSCAl! TIIH ADMISSION OF lilMTISM ('OH'MIUA.

•_'I!)

Columbia into tho Dominion ol" Canada.
Vil. It is agreed that tin- exi.stins> C'uHtoras,
tarili' and Excise dutio.>< .shall continne in force
in Ijiiti.sh Columbia until the railway from the
Pariiic coast and the system of railways in
Canada are connected, nnle.ss the Legislature of
Biiti.sh Columbia .shonld sooner decide to accept
il the tariti' and excise laws of Canada. Where
!! Customs and J"]xcise duties are at the time levi-
]|al)le on any ij-oods, wares or merchaudi.ses in
' Britisli Columbia, or in the other Provinces of
the Dominion, these goods, wares and merchan-
ilisi s may from and after the union be imported
into British Columbia from the Provinces now
coiiiposinu' th(* Dominion, or from either of
th(>.se Provinces into I'ritish Columbia, on proof
of payment of the Customs or Excise duties
leviable thereon in the Province of exportation,
and on payment of such further amount (if
any) of Customs or E.K.cise duties as are leviable
thereon in the Province of importation. This
arrangement to have no force or eli'ect after the
assimilation of the tarili' and exci.se duties of
British Columbia wit!<. those of the Dominion.

VII [. British Columbia .shall be enlith-d to be
represented in the Senate by three members,
and by six members in the Mouse of Commons.
The representation to be increased under the
provisions of the British Xorth America Act,

IX. The inllueiice of the Dmninion Crovern-
uieiit will be used to secure the continui'd
iiiaiiitenance of the naval station at Esquimault.

X. The provisions of the British North
America Act, 18G7, shall (except those parts
theivof which are in terms made, or by reason-
able intendment may be held to In- specially
applicable to, and only elfect one and not the
whok' of the Provinces now comprising the
I'eiuiiiion, and except .so far as the sanu; may
lie \iiried by this niinuti') be applicabl(> to
British Columbia, in the same way and to the
like extent as they apply to the oilier Provimes
of the Dominion, and as if the Colony of liritish
Columbia had been one of the Provinces
oi'iuiiially united l)y the said Act.

XI The Crovernment of the Dominion under-

take to secure the commencement, simul-
tauetnisly, within two years from the date of
the Union, of the construction <>[' a Railway
from the Pacific towards the Kocky Mountains,
and I'rom such i)oinl as may l)e selected east of
the liocky Mountains towards the Paciiic, to
connect the seaboard of British Columbia
with the railway systmn of Canada: and,
further, to secure the completion of such rail-
way within ten years from the date of the
union. And the Crovernment of liritish Col-
umbia agree to convey to the Dominion tlov-
ernment, in trust, to be api)ropriated in siu'h
manner as the Dimiinion Government may
deem advisable in furtherance of the construc-
tion of the said railway, a similar extent of
public lands along the line of railway throuu'h-
out its entire length in British Columbia, not to
exceed, however, twenty (20) miles on each side
of said line, as may be appropriated for the sanu?
purpose by the Dominion G-overnment from the
public lands in the North-Wcst Territories and
the Province of Manitoba. Provided that the
quantity of land which may be held under pre-
emption right or by Crown Lsrant within the
limits of the tract of land in British Columbia to
be so conveyed to the Dominion Crovernment,
shall be made good to the Dominion from cc/u-
tiguous public lands; and provided further, that
until the eommencinneiit within two years as
aforesaid from the date of the union, of the coa-
struction of the said railway, the Crovernment
of British Cohunbia shall not sell or alienate
any further portion of the public lands of
British Columbia in any other way than under
riuht of pre-emption requirinii' actual residence
of the pre-emptor on the laiul claimed by him.
In coii.sideration of the land so to be conveyed
in aid of the construction of the said railway, the
Dominion (iovernment agree to pay to British
Columbia, from the date of the union, the sum
of $100,000 jier annum in half-yearly payments
in advance.

XII. The Dominion CJovernment shall guar-
antee the interest lor ten years from the date of
the completion of thi? works at the rate of live
piM' centum per annum on such sum. not

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Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF Tiri'] DOMINIOX OF CANADA.

cxccctlino- tlOO.OOO sts^-, as may be required
lor the coii.structioii ol' a lirsl-cluss graving dock
ol' Ks(jiiiinalt.

XIII. The chargcor the Indians and tho trus-
t<'oship and management of the hvnds reserved j
for their i;se and beneiit shall be assumed by
the Dominion Government, and a polity as i
libera 1 as that hitherto pursued by the British j
('()lunil)ia Government shall be continued by I
the Dominion Government after the union. To
carry out sxich policy, tracts of land of such
extent as it has hitherto been the practice of the
British C'oluml)ia Government to appropriate for '
that purpose, shall, from time to time, be con-
veyed by the Local Government to the Dominion
Government in trust lor the use and bent'fit of
the Indians, on application of the Dominion
Government, and in case of disagreement
between the two Governments respecting the
<juantity of such tracts of land to be so granted^
the matter shall be referred lor the decision of
the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

XIV. The constitution of the Executive
authority, and of the Legislature of British
Columbia, shall, subject to the provisions of
the Ihitish North America Act, 1H67, continue
as existing at tho time of tlu iinion imtil altered
under the authority of the said Act, it being at
the sanu' time understood that the Government
of the I)(miinion will readily consent to the
introduction of Kesponsi])le Government when
de.sircd by the inhal)itants of British Columbia,
and it beinu' likewise i\nderstood that it is the
intention of the Governor of British Columbia,
under the authority of the Secretary of State for
the Colonies, to amend the existing Constitiit ion
ol the Legislature by jn'oviding that a majority
of its members shall bo elective.

The union sliall take elli'ct according to the
foregoing terms and conditions on such day as
Her Majesty, l)y and with the advice; of Her
Most Honorable Privy Council, may appoint
(on addresses from the Legislature of the Colony
of liritish Columbia, and of the Htmses of the
Parliament of Cainida, in the terms of the 140th
section of the British North America Act, iStlT),
and British Columbia may, in its address, specify

the electoral districts for which the first elecition
of members to serve in the House of ComuKHis
shall take i>lace.

CCertiiied) WM. H. LEE,

Clerk Trivy Council.
2. — It will be noticed that important chanacs
were made with regard to the population, iiiul
the building of the railway. ,„ . ,
With regard to the population "^XhyuZu^lu.^
being fixed at (]0,(»00 instead of '•"^"""'■■'"
120,000, it may be said that neither figures
really represented the actual iiopulation, which
by the most liberal estimate did not excee(l
15,000 whites, and about 2o,000 Indians ami
Chinese ; but the deh'gates claimed that the
population should be estimated on the basis of
contribution to the revenue, and that as the
Customs and Excise duties paid in Britisli
Columbia were equal to what would be iiaiil
by 120,000 persons on the per capita collection in
Canada, the population ouuht to l)e estimated at
that number for all linancial pxxrpo.ses. By tliis
arrangement British Columbia would liavi'
received $!lt),000 per annum pi r capita allow-
ance, and §S2,000 a year interest on debt. The
Dominion Government could not see its way very
clearly towards asking Parliament to pay eighty
cents per head per annum for so many im-
aginary peoi)le ; b\it by jiutting an exceedingly
liberal construction on the estimated impulalion.
agreed to call it 60,000, which included Cliimi-
men and Indians. On the subject of the railway,
the Dominion tJovernment was also very libeml,
for it agreed to commence it in two years instead
of three as asked for, and to complete it in ten,
while no specilic time was stipulated for by the
British Columbians; but this was partly done mi
account of the abandonment of the Coach lioad,
which was considered an xmnccessary and use-
less expense in view of the rapid completion of
th(> railroad. With regard to the $100,000 a year
granted as interest on the nominal value of the
land to be uiven up for the railway, this wa.s
given to 1111 the deliciency which would other-
wise have occurred on acccmnt of cutting down
the number of the i)opulati(in, it being pretty
1 well understood that the Dominion would have

(lOVKKNMKNT OF l,OIM) LIS(JAI{— TIIK ADMISSION' OK lUMTISII rOLl'MIJIA.

to be liberal in its torms to induce tho jjcople to
Villi' ior Union, and Governor Musi^rave very
plainly states so in his letter toSir John Young',
Under date 20th February, 1«70. Ho says : "In
! some of tho terms proposed, this Colony may ^&
lliouirht by your (Jovernnient to ask too much ;
but they must be prei)ared to bo liberal, if they
I desire the Union. * # * It will
I be necessary, il' Knion is to be real and entered
' upon <'ordially, that present visible advan-
tiiue and local improvement should spring
i'roni the measure." The " present A'isible
advantage" was made very plain by showing!'
that British Columbia Avould have upwards of
$1.")0,000 a year more to spend on local improve-
ments if she entered tho Union than if she
reniiUiH^d out of it ; and the Hritish Columbians
' were soon convinced that is was to their ini !<}st
to enter the Dominion. On the 24th of January^
1871, Governor Musgrave telegraphed to Lord
Lisgiir. "Address to Quei a for Union with
Canada on terms agreed ui)on, passed jjegislative
Council unanimously to-day,'' and on the 28th
of February, Sir George E. Cartier laid on the
tiibli- of the Dominion House a message from
the <!( vernor-Goneral, transmitting the address.
'■'). — ' :\ti debate on the admis.sion of British
Cohnnbia was commenced for the 2Sth March.
In the Semite, Senator Ilazeu
oi I iiii.iiiiMkcdiiithe nuiuu'ocl ot the Cjrovernment
what ovulence it iuvd to show
that the poimlation was 00,000, as stated in the
second section of the terms agreed on; what
Would be the cost of the mail service guaran-
teed ; whi!'. would be the .scale of .salaries, &c.,
provided for in section live; what would be the
probable amount of pensions to be granted
under section six: what would l)c the esti-
mated cost of the railway; was the graving
dock at Kscjuimault to be the property of the
Province or of the Dominion after the L'10(t,000
was paid; to what extent was the Legislative
Council an elective body; and what evidence
was there to show that the terms proposi'd
would be geiU'rally acceptable to the people of
the colony ;" Hon. Mr. Campbell replied that
the Government had no evidence as to the

population, but had accei)ted the statements of
Messrs. Trutch ami ('arrall, who gave the
population as lil.OOO whites, l.OdO Chinese, and
45,000 Indians; the exact amount of the mail
service hJid not been ascertained, but the
present cost was about |i;5,000 for the lake

service aiul $lo,000 for the gulf servic

th.

salaries umler the liftli section would amount
to about .$10!t,0(»0 ; there wore lour gentlemen
to be pensioned, bill the amounts had not yet
been lixed; the total would, probably, be
between three ami four thousantl pounds ; hi-
could not say what the road would cost, but it
was not the intention of the Government to
build it as a public work ; the Government
would give a subsidy of land md money to a
private company to build the road ; the graving
dock would be the property of the I'rovince if
it was built by the Trovincc : witii reuard to
the constitution of the Council and the expres-
sion of public opinion, he said that thi' Council
consisted of fifteen members, six appointed by
the Crown and nine elected, and thai as an
tdection had just taken place and Confederation
was the main (jucstion at i.ssue, it was evid"ni
that the poo'/le favored il by returning
members who adopted the I'nion resolutions
unanimously.

4. — In the House, Sir George E. Cartier, in
moving the House into Committee on a series
of resolutions on which to frame
an address to Her Ma estv. prav- .iiimtr. oi<' ii..ii.> ..r

. . ' i."ii • .'i llii' lii.viirilnrlil.

mg ior the adnussion ol Isntish
Columbia, entered into an ex[)lanali<)n of the
policy of the Government. He traced the history
of Confederation from 18.")S, and showed how at
every stage the union of all the Colonies had
been steadily ke|>t in view. In 1^0.'>, wliiU^ the
Delegates were in England, the (jucstion ol
including the Pacilic Colonies in the Dominion
had ''.-tu dismissed, and provision made in the
British North Amcriia .Vet for the admi.ssion of
Hritish Columbia. That union they were now
; called upon to j)erfcct, the terms had been
agreed to with the Delegates, and wer" oll'cred
' for ratification by I'arliament ; but he may
I say that the terms agreed on wi'io of the

■'r '

■1 ll\

«l

I '\

ii i

;■ H.

litl

I ■

Trrn.Ks nisTOF{v ok tiik dominion ok oaxada.

iiatniv of ii ticiity. iind rilthonuh tho lullcst iuul
IVt'cst diNiussinii would ho allowed, there could
be no ituioiuliiu'nt. the terms must either he
aecppted or rejected as a whoK^. He proceeded
to explain the various sections of the agreement
aiid said that it was lair to estimate thi* popuhi-
tion at the numlx'r iixed on (tiO.OOO), as the
reiurns Irom Cnsloms and lixeise showed that
on that basis the people were payini>' about §(!
per head, \vhile in Canada the rale was only
about 'J-^- The rejjresentatives oT British Col-
umbia had elaimed that they were entitled to
estimate th(> poi)ulation at 120,000 on the basis
ol' taxation, but had iinally ajjreed to the number
named in the resolutions. The next point which
was iH'culiav to Jhitish Columbia was the sixth
section, which i)rovided that certain pensions
should l»e paid. He explaiiu'd that under
tlie existiiiu- system ot (iovernmeut in British
Columbia there were a number of Crown
ap])ointments which were for life ; but in
anticipation of Confederation, the peoj)le had
determined to adopt Responsible Government
as soon as the union was p(>rfected, and many
of these ollicers would lose their places of
emolument. He had no d<mbt but that the .ser-
vices ot some of them could be utilized by the
Federal Government, but he thouiiht that it was
only just that those who could not be so pro-
vided for should be i)ensioned. With reuard to
tho Tth section, he said thai it had been inserted
at the re(|uest of the llelc^aies. and as the Domi-
nion would deri\ e larger Customs duties under
the llritish Columbia tarilf than under the
Canadian, there was no objection to allowing
it to n>main as il was if the ])eopli wished it.
He next referred to section 11, which guarantees
the building ol a railway to tho I'acilic. He said
that there had been a great deal oi misconception
about this railway, and it was thought the Crov-
ernment intended to build it itsel 1 at an enormous
cost, which would entail very heavy taxatit)n.
The Government had no idea of building the
roa<l itself, luit would i)uild il by the aid of
companies, which would receive large grants of
land. and. perhaps, a small money subsidy. They
vi'lied principally on tho laud to build the road.

The lenuth of the road would be about 2,.")(>0
miles, and it was propo.sed to yive twenty miles
of i)ublic laiul to each mile of railway, whi<h
would give 64,000.000 acres of land, worth, <iii
an averaue, one dollar per acre, which wnu|,l
of itsi'lf be almost enouiih to build the road.
It was absolutely necessary that the Govern-
ment should have complete control of these
lands, and for (hat purpose British Cohuiihia
had agreed to give up such lands as should l)e
re(|uired on paynu'ut of •iislOOjIOO per auiuiin
There would be about 1 ').:!(i0.000 ai'res of hmd
so given up. which was worth one dollar per

acre: and as the Crovernment only liiuuaiit 1

what wouhl be the interest on !j2,000,()0(i, jt
was a clear gainer ot $i;5,:^t50,OO0. If any
money subsidy was iiiven it would be m
annual instalments, in such manner as ii<ii in
increase the burden of taxation. In replv ti>
questions, he said that the estimated cost would
be about 8100.000,000. With regard to tli.-
clause relating to the care of the Indians, he
said it eml)odied the policy always pursued t>v
the Canadian and British Govennnents wiih
ri'gard to them. He conchuled by again lelcr-
rin^- to the importance! of the .scheme before ihe
House, particularly instancing the impoiiaiiee
to a nation of the maritime element. The
union of British Columbia would give Canada
double maritime strength, and would lay the
foundation of a maritime power that would lie
second only to I'hmland. He felt that this
country was destined to be a great jiower. and
tho admission of British Columbia was a unal
and necessary step towards reachinu' our
ultimate destiny.

'). — Hon. Mr. Holtim said this was es.senti:ill\
a limuicial (|uestion. The Minister of Militii
had told the House hat the

,_ i • , 1 1 i 1 Sir.A.T.tlillV

Government intended to have a ni,.i,vii..ns ii> iiie

1 •! 1 • 1 11 lU.-Cllutillll.".

railway built which would cost
$100,000,000, but it was not to increase the
burdens of the peojtle ; he would like to hear
from the Finance Minister how this Lireat
linancial feat was to be accomi lished. Sir
Francis llincks said he was not prepared to gi>
into details on the linancial arrangeinenls

in\<>lve{
general
^ive a
>ulisiily.
ex|iecte(
million
annum,
of re\cn
(Io\ eniii
.■>iir\ fys.
au'iinst
iirrani^cn
thai tlu'
would \h
the I'rov
,|100,'ioo
1)1' met on
with I W( 1
iilniost an_\
t'dlony in
were thai
the lirilisl
infringed
enter into
was ;ible U
cMn>truclic
nu'iit of 1
ik'i'eiice, th
ahoiii as m
liiiinied on
|irop(i>;d o
Ki'ad, and
way ; also
read had b
Nipissiiiu'.
more than
mui'li mor
the finaiu
I'xiilicit in
thought th
more expei
meiu of th
a year bef
:ni>l lo.dOO
*■')"' "),000 ;
el' u hich 1
•iMuius ai

Il" —

(;(»\'KI{.\MKNT OF I.OHI) LISOAU -TIIK ADMISSION OF BmTISll fOhrMniA.

iinolvinl ill tho vcsoliitioiis ; 1ml he may suy in the cxistinn- laritl' Canada would rccoivf about
oviunil tciiiis that the (.iovoniiiit'iit propost'd to j i|;?Sti,700 I'rom Ih'itisli Columbia, and pay about
iiivt' a lavuc land i>-raiit. and a liberal money " |,')2(!,<)00 ; l)ut the adoption of the Canadian
>ulisidy, lor buildinii' the railway; it was not taritl' would reduce the reeeipis ])y about
expected that (he sul).sidy would exceed one ! |',tO,00<>, so that there would be an annual eliarafo
uiillioii to one million and a (|uarter dollars pi'r i against Canada ol' about ^Jri(t,(HlO. He could
annum, and he thought that could bo met out j' not see how the t«overmnent expected to build
ol' revenue, without increasing taxation. The |i the road without increasiiiL;' the burdi'ii of tax-

ation, when the House was told that the ayrec-
meiit was of the nature of a treaty, and that the
road must bo built in ten years, ^''itil rciiard to
the fact that tlie reprcseiilation of Dritish

(i(i\enimoiit would pay the eost of pvoliminary
Mirveys, but it would be made a lirst cliavge
aiiiiiiist the subsidy. AVith reuard to linaneial
arraimcments other than the railway, he thought
that tlie whole i)ayments to British Columbia Columbia was not based on population, he
would be about ¥4(in,UO0. and the receipts from would merely ri'inark that every siirli departure
the I'rovince s:!(iO,()00. li'aving a iharge of from the principleof tlie Confederalioii Ad was
splo.dOii per annum upon Canada, which could I calculated to n'vive .•oiiiplaints ol' past times.
■ bo met out of reveiuu\ oir A. T. Cralt said that, He thought it would lie far better lor new I'ro-
' witli two restrictions, he was willing to ucttept, viiicos to pass through a probationary period,
aliiio.vt any terms which would bring the Paiilic similar to the Territorial Government of the
Celoiiy into the I'liion. These two restrictions j, States, and then there need be no violation of
were that the constitutional rights detiued by \, the lonstitution.

the llritish North .\merica Act should not be (i. — lion. Mr. Tilley desired to make .some

iulVinued on; and the IJcnninioii should not |^ explauutioiis with relerenee to tlie action ol the
, outer into heavier linaneial eimagoraents than it (ioverninent. The lirilisli Col-

, , TT I 1 1 • 1 1 1.11 11 .1 """■ .^Ir. Tilloy

i was al)le to sustain. He thought that with tiie umbia delegates had wanted a .ittvn.i.. n.n
j construction ol the Intercolonial, the enlarge- uiiaraiitce ol a loan oi t'H»0.(Ml()
inoiu of the canals and (he obligations of | sterling, in perpetuity, to liuild a graving dock :
(lofeiice, the four mil Hollo i.aople had already !; but (he Dominion Government had refused to
about as many burdens as they could bear. He \ gi\e a guarantee for more than ten years, as it
poiiiied out the diH'ercnce between the oriiziual \' was thouu'ht that in thai time tiiere would be a
proposal of British Columbia to have a Coach railwav, and the dock ouuhl to be self-sustaining.

I Koad, and the terms ajiroed on to build a rail-

I =

j way : also that the proposed terminus of the

I read had been changed from Fort Garry to Lake

j Nipissinu'. The new arrangement was much

iimre than liritish Columbia had asked for, and

much more burdensome. He had hoped that

the Finance Minister would have been more

With regartl to the Coach Road, it was found that
it would be so expiMisive. on account of (he cost
of laltoiir in British Columbia, that it was
thouglit better to push on I lie railway and not
have the(.'oach K'oad at all. Willi regard to the
railway, that was a iieeessity. As soon us (lie
Dominion Guvernmeiit aciiuired tin- North-

oxpli< it in his statement, for he (Sir A. T. (ra!t) | West Territory it incurred the responsibility of

thoudit that J>r''isl Columbia would prove far 1 buildiiiii' a railway to the fool of the Rocky

more expensive than was shown by (he st.ate- | Mountains, as a iieeessity lo opening u^)

! moiii of the Finance Minister. The population (hat territory, and the iiiiion wiih Itritish

a year before was estimated at 1(1,000 whites, Columbia would only cause an exii'iision

, and 10. 000 Indians. The revenue in 18(!8 was i of (he road to the I'acilic. lie aii-iied that

|!S.5s5,0O0 ; in ISiIlt, )Sr)7:!,()00; in 1870, $,V57,O00, th.' opening of the road would t-reatly

of which ^.'l.'iO.OOO was estimated to be from reduce the cost <<!' freiiihl. which was then

Customs and Excise. He calculated that under frcnii twelve to fourteen cents per pouml, and

'_ . I

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ii'li

Tl'TTI-KS msTOIJY OF TMH DOMINION OF CANADA.

loviijce

I ' . *

so oiicourii<r(' iiiiiniuiiilion, mid that, in a fi'vv
yt'ars IJrilish Columhia would havo a vory
liir<r«' poimlation to assist in licaring the harden
ol'liic rost of llu; load, lie tlioiiirht du. railway
could he huilt very cheaply if iil'ty millions of
acres ol' land was uiv en to aid it. He thought
that I'arliaineiit could allord almost any (|uantity
ol' land and a liheral i^rant oi' money to n'ct tlu^
road Imilt. He did not heliexe thai the enyineer-
iniT dilUciilties would he <ireat : and dwelt at
some leimlh on the importaiue of havinuf the
road and ellectinn- an union with Uritish C'ol-
umhia, intimatiiiii' his fear that it the DoiMtiiion
lost tl.i< o|)|)orl unity of unitinii' ;i
with itself, Uritish ('oluml)ia wow
elsewhere lor uiiioii.

7. — Mr. Mackenzie said that, as a i ardei.:

friend of Confederation, no one desired more

stronii'ly than himself to see the

i.iior.'-iiii iiimjii.iinoiit Icderatioii ol all the 1 roviuces

t.) Ih« ii)sc.luti..i.».

accomplished ; still tliore were
very serious considerations to he looked at in
reviewiiii:' the propositions suhieilU'd to the
House. Jle regretted that tho tjeutlemen on
the Government side of the Hou<e could not
di.sciiss the matter for half an liour without
ihreateiiinii' that if the proposition was rejecti-d
British Columhia would seek annexation to the
I'nited States. If the CJov ernineiit was in |)osses-
sioiis of information which authorized the asser-
tion, the House ouiiht to he i'iv<'n that inform-
ation; hut he did not supjuise there was any
real <rroiind for the assertion, and that it wa.s a
mere piece of empty declamation. He was not
disposed to accept the assertion of the Govern-
ment thai these resolutions must l)o rejTar(h>d in
the iiiilit of a treaty, and that the House must
not alter them. He could not consent to the
view that the House was only to express its
opinion, hut make no change. He thought that
it was the duty of the House to very carefully
consider this matter, and to eliminate anything
that might tend to cause trouhle in the future.
He held that one of the most essential ingre-
dients in national prosperity was a strict regard
for constitutional ol)liiiations and the |>ositioii
wi' occupy ii'lali\ely to other powers, whether

they l)e Provinces or Independent Nations ; and
yet the House was asked yearly, if not daily, to
disregard the principles of the British Nmlii
America A<'t, which was the hasis of our
political system. One of the great priiicii)|es !
which had heen strugiiled for for years, iiinl
which was gained by the British North Ainerira
Act. was K'epre.sentation hy Population ; and ilic
resolutions now before the House were a very
grave infringement of that principle. He did
not insist that the primiple should be riuidiy ,
applied to the Senate, and although there was
disproiKirtiou in allowing British Coluiuliia ]
three n'presentatives in that body, he should
not make it a ground of serious objection ; luit
he strongly protested against the direct viola- i
Moil of the principle of U'epresenlation liy
Population shown by givinii' the scanty iiopu-
latioii of British Columbia six representatives
in the House ol Commons. It must lie reiueui- I
bered that there was a vast tract of couiilry ,
between Maiiitol)a and British Columbi.i, wiiere \
new Provinces would spring uj) ; and if llie 1
same rule was applied to them as was now i>i<i-
posed towards Briti.-;h Columbia, the principle j
of Uepresentati(m by Population would Ih' I
dt'stroyed. The House had been told that lour-
sixths of the alleued i>opulatioii was made up j
of Chinese and Indians; but it must l)e remem-
bered that the political system of Canada iiail
never given representation to Indians ; and it
was unfair to ask to give to a new Province
what had never been granted to -the old ones, j
He favored a liberal policy towards a younu' < 'el- |
ony si)arsely populated, and would favor a lariie
grant of money ; but he did not think the land ..
to be acquired by the (lovernment so valuabli' '
as it was represented to be ; indeed, he was el
opinion that niostof the land west of tho Uocky
Mountains was of poor rpiality, and this impres-
sion was borne out. by the large importation nl
articles of food which showed that very lililc
was produced. He looked upon the acijuisitiea
of the Colony as a political necessity : and .
although he did not share tho fears ol Hi''
Minister of Customs with reuard to annexation, j
still he tlioimht the sooner the Colony was uniled

(il)V!-;i{NMi:.\T OK I.OI!!) MSdAI,'— Til K ADMISSION OK lUMTISIl COMMI'.IA.

to Ciiiijulu the hottiM'. Yot ho would not uiuc
1(1(1 niiu'li haste or mistivkcs mny he iiiadt', as had
lii'i'ii done at ('oiit'i'ih'ratioii, for he tlioUiilit if
iiK. re lime had hccii taken then we sliouUl not
liMve had the trouhh' wliicli had suhseijuently
arisen with Nova Seotiii. lit! diU'ered entirely
with the Govevnmonl policy on the railway
(|U('stion. He did not think that the riiihl way to
liiiild a ureal railway was to uivo away all the
U(i(i(l lands; he considered thai they should he
kc[)l lor FrceClrants to iinmij^'ranls, and Ihoniilit
llial the policy of uivini;;' all the liest lands to the
railway would retard iinmiuration. Tiic Ciovcrn-
lucnt had asstnied that Ontario would Liivc nine
millions oi' acies to aid ihe enterprise, but there
was no evi(h'nce that Ontario wouhl do so ; and
t'ViMi it she did, the land in the section where
the railway would run was oi' poor ([Uality and
net ^ood lor much. AVilh re^■arll to the huild-
iin; ol' the road Ihe House had no inl'orunvtion ;
there were no surveys, aiul Ihe Goveriuuent had
uiven no inlbrniation as to Ihe enuineeriny;
ilillicnllies. These, he helievcd, would he very
ureal east ol' Winnipoix: west of that i)lace to
die Kocky Mountains he did not anticipate
much dillicully, hut west ol' Ihe U'ocky Moun-
tains the country was very roui^h and thu
(liliiculties would, prohably, he very ureat. lie
was (piite willinii' lo g-ive Ihitish Colunihia a
lihcral grant to carry on her local services, but
he was totally ojiposed lo uiuh'rlakiuii' such an
iiiuiienso burden as ijuaranlecini'' to build this
Lliuantic railway in leu yt'ars. lie did not
lii'licve it could be accomplished, and he con-
sidered it most unjust to delude the pec^ple of
Ihilish Columbia with the idea thai it conhl be
(lone. He coiicliuhHl by moviiig' in anuMuhnenl,
that all the words alter •'ihal" be struck out
and the rollowiu!'' in.serttid : 'The inxiposed
terms ol' Union wilh Hrilish Columbia plcdac
Ihe Dominion to commence within two years,
ami complete within ten years the I'acilic Rail-
way, the route tor which has not been surveyed
nor its expense calculated. The said terms
also pledge Ihe Oovernnu'nt ol' Canada lo a
yearly paynn'iil to Jhilish Columbia ol Ihe sum
ol >;IOil,ili)() in perpeliiily, (>(|ual lo a capital

I fiUTn of $12,00(1,000, I'or the cession ol' a IracI of
Waste land on (he route of the Pacilic U'ailvvay
to aid in its construction, which Ibilish
Columbia ouij^ht lo Cede wilhoul charge in like
maun r as the laiulsol' Canada are jiroposed ' be
1 ceded I'or the same purpo.se. This House ) of
i opinion thai Canada should not be pled;., I to
do more than proceed al once with Ihe ne(('ssary
surveys, and, alter the route is <letermined, to
l>rosecute the work al as early a period as the
stale of the linances will justify. '

S. — Dr. (iiaiil and Mr. Masson (Terrebonne)
sni)i)orled Ihe polii^y of Ihe (iovcrnmcnt, Ihe
former advocatinu' proleclion of

1 !• .1 1 ii I .. Me. CiirKM-iulil

Ihe lur trade; ami the laller iiiiii,« ih< li.y

, 11 • • 1 , , 1 1 • "' III'' ii">i'niim-Ml.

arguinii- Ihal nritisn ( oluml)ia
would be a i: .e vahuvble actjuisilion than
Maniloba. Mr.' art. ight dwell on the inimcn-
sily of the underlain, g and the great increasi>
to the debt w nich il would necessitate. The
debt at prescijt, wilh Ihe obligations whii h the
country had pl< ged itself to fullill, amountcil
I to $1. "50, (1(1(1 000 ; the present resolulioiis would
add about ' 000,000 lo Ihal, and the railway —
accordinii' to the estincile of the (lovcrnnient —
would cosl !j 100.000,000 more. makinL;' a total of
! $2:5(1,000,000. If iust(>ad of building the rail-
' way ilself, the (Jovernment lurned il over to a
Company and gave the immens(> uranl of laiul
spoken of, il was a very serious t hin-i' lor the
! House to consider the importance of placing- in
the hands of a siniile Cor[ioration a tract of
j land e(|Ual in area to the New Knuland Stales.
I lie was conlidcnl thai ihe aci|uisilion of the
Colony wouhl involve exi)ense in ihe way of
defence, not a standiiiii' army exactly, but souie
force something like the Irish Constabulary, for it
must be remembered ih.it the Colony was "J.'iOO
miles i'rom the Central tJovernmenI, and would
I be liable lo havi^ its peace dislurbcd either by
the Indians within ils own borders or by
! incursions of Indians from the Uiiiled Slates.
i He counselled liic House to pause and
I rellecl before pledging itself to build a rail-
way which would cost more than our presenl
national debt. Mr. Youiui' said that as a friend
of Confederation, he was ^lad to see Ihitish

I'd

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11.

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■ 1 '1 f

ii lii;

; 1 1 ■( ;

TITTIJ'.S HISTORY OF Till'] DOMINION OF CANADA.

('oluinl)iii askint? to h" laktMi in ; but he would
Iiavi' inolfrnul to havf seen all ihi* Allantif
Provinces united iiist. Thon- weic many ob-
jerli()nal)le leiitures in llie resolutions, sueh as
allowing- a subsidy of eighty cents i>or head
on a population of t»0,0(i(i, while tho actual
population was i>nly lii.oUO; ol' pensioninti-
Govovuniont ollicials. and of allowing- three
rei)resL'niatives in the Senato and six in the
House of Commons — winch wai^ givinii' one
representative iii tjie House to every 2(100
inhabitants, wiiile in the other Provinces there
was only one to every 2(1.00(1, — but he could
have allowed all these, as he wished to deal in
a liberal spirit with the Colony, had it ni>t been
for the liuarantee to lommeine to build a rail-
way to the Pacilic in two years, and romplote it
in ten. This was more than British Columbia
asked, and a urea! d>'al more tluin should have
been aureed to. lie then (pioted from Mr.
!Sai\dford l'"leniiM<f to show that the railway
would cost 8100,000,000 to build, and 8^,000.000
a year to maiulain, Mr. Fleming liolding that
it woulil need an income of 81-1,000,000 a year
to make it pay. He was not opposed to the
Pai-ihe railway, but what was objectionable and
dangeroxis was the guarantee to linish it in ten
years. Unless a Company could l)e found willing
to undertake it for the land tyrant, the Dominion
woidd have to build the road itself, and this he
<lid not consider it was in a position to do. He
objected lo the payment of 81"0,000 a year for
the wild lands granted, and showed that I'ritish
Columbia Mould draw 1014,72(1 jx'r annum
from tlie Treasury, and only contribute 8;380,700
to it, and liiis would be reduced to 82o7,800 if
the Canadian tariff was adopted. He was willing
to be liberal, but he did not think the Dominion
was in a position to i)ay the new Province two
dollars for every one it <-()ntril)uted. Mr. lilake
said it appeared to him as if the (rovernnunit was
not honest in its professed desire to have British
Columbia enter the union, and had i)urpo.seIy
proposed preposterous terms, whieh thi' House
was bound to reject, so as to defeat the scheme.
These trims irre\ (nably bound the House to
build a railway in ten years, without having

the slightest information on the subject. It wns
utterly vain for the Government to suiijmim.
that it would realize any eonsiderable sum I'luiii
these lands, whether the country was srliji^d ,iv
not ; and it must be borne in mind that ihc
Government was pledging that it would Imild
' the railway itself in ten years — the ide;i o| a
Company was an after-thouirht, and if no Cdui-
pany was found liie Government was bound lo
eoiuplete the road itself in ten years. He oliji'. i,.(l
\ cry strongly to the limitation of tinii-. and
uryed that it was amply sulfn-ieiit ihat tin-
I Government should pledge itself to buUd tlir
! road as speedily as tin? liuaneial position of ih,'
i country would Justify. British Colund)ia liail
'■ not asked more tlian that, ami that was all any
j reasonable man eoidd expect. He mainiaineil
that Parliament ouuht not to be asked to pldMi'
itsi'lf to carry out so vast an undertaking wiili-
out tiie fullest possible information as (o its t ii>i
and the al)ility of the cotuilry to meet it, and
the House had really no information at all
before it. He strongly itrged the adoption of
the ameudmeiU. Mr. Bolton l)rielly pointed oiii
the enormous eharues involved in the resolu-
tions without any adecpiate information, and
declared his intention to support the amendnieiii
The debai" wa-; then adjourm)d.

!>. — On the following' day the d(d)ale was
i-esunu'd by Colonel Gray, who, in a leiuzlhy
argument, defeiub'd tin; i)olicy

ol the (loveriiment, lie agreed, n-.,iiiii .\ii. .i..i>

With the mi'uiber lor !>iier])rooke,
that the two most important considerations weiv
that the constitution shotdd not be infriuued,
and that Canada should not umlertake too great
linancial responsibilities. As to the lirsl poiiii,
he ai-gned that the Ibitish North Ameriea \. I
did not limit repi-esentation to whites, and iliai
there was nothing in it to prevent Indians Imni
being repi-esente<l. If the strict letter nl ihc
Aet with regard t<> K'epresentation by ropula-
tion was followed, British Columbia, if allowi-d
any representation at all, would only have eiir
member : and he ealled attention to the faei thai
the Province was divided into two secimiiv
the island of Vancouver and the Mainland.

(ioVKKN.MHN'r or I.OIM) MSdA I!-T1!K AKMISSloN ol' lUMTISII coLIMIUA.

ihe intcri'sts ol' which were voiy dissiiiiihir^
aii<l i><>iiitt'(l out thai il' only one nifiuhor was
allowed, oin' section imisl i^o iiureprosentt'd.
il>' aiiriu'd Ihal the adniiission of Maiiito'ia
wiih a laruvr rcpn'si'iitation than was in
ai'toidancc with tho British Noilh Aniciiia
Act had estal)lish('d a pieci'dcnt, and iicld (hut
thi' aviiunicnt then advanced, that tJie p( pu-
liilioii would rapidly increase, was ccjui lly
ivpplicalile to liritish Colunihia. The position
hi' took was that a Province could not he
governed by (iic provisions ol' the liritish
North America Act until al'ti-r it hud enlerod
the Union : and if Hrilish Coluinlna pleased to
sti|iulate before enterinii' that its interests
required six representatives in the House of
Coianions, there was nolhini^ in the Uritish
North America Act to prevent six meml)ers
hcinu- allowed. AVith reiiard to the ability of
Canada to build tlie road he entered into a
detailed account of the cost of the I'nion
Piiciiie road. showiuL;' the dilliculties which
h;i(l to l)c overcome, and aruued that the C'ana-
(liiiii I'acilic would be much easier to construct,
and that the prospenms condition of the country
fully jusiilied Ihe uiidcrtakinu'. He said there
was much misconception about tho cost, as it
was made to appear that the Dominion would
have to bear the wlutle rxi)en--c of the road —
some sl(i0.i)00,(IOO— w iiich was not the case, as
the road would be ])uilt l)y a private Company,
witli the aid of pulilic lands, iS:c., which was a
Very did'erent tliingl'rom theCiovernment under-
takinii' the whole expense. Mr. Joly said that
the jxijicy of the (Jovernnient reminded iiim of
the r;ibie of tlie trog' and Ihe ox : the l'ro<'- tried
to euiulate the ox. and went on swellinu' and
swcllini'' himself until he burst, and when he
(Mr. .loly) heard tlie Minister of Militia he
thouuht that the Dominion was liki' the frog,
and only hoped it would not share the same
lati'. He contended liml the ureal advantaije
which Canada hiul possessed over the United
Slates was iis lighter taxation : l)ut. if we added
$1(111.000.000 for this railway to the <lel)t we
already had, we should have a larger debt in
pro|Kntion than the States had, and taxation

would accordingly be higher. He pointed out
tliat the land Lirant to ihe railway was only h.ilf
that of the United States to their I'acilic road .
that neither the freiuht nor passeULii-r Irailic was
likely to be as much, wliile ihe cost ol the road
wcuid l)e greater, and argued that, uiuh'r these
circumstances, it was not at all likely that any
Company would ui\dertake to l)uild it. and the
result would lie that the road would have to l>e
built by the (lovcrnnieiil. He <'onsidcrcd ihc
rai'way at least a (ptarter of a century in
advam-e of the resources of the country ; and he
ihtmuht it would be most honest to tell liritish
Columltia so, and, if she still pleased to enter
the Union, let her do so. If llrilish Coliunliia
was only waiting to see who wouKl oiler her
the liest terms, the United Stall's or Camuhi, he
for one was not prepared to oiler so much as
the resolutions called for. He considered that
the Northern I'acilic Railway, now beini;- built
in the United States, would meet all the reipijre-
ments of the Norlh-AVest llir many years lo
come.

10. — Mr. Jackson .said that, w hile the al)strae|
principal of Ivepresentation by Population
nniy lie riuht, he thouiiht there ^,^. mji.,.,,!,!,.,,!,,,,,
were other considerations which J.'i'/i'.'/.i.V/nuf """'*'"
should 1)1' taken into account in '■'-i '"'■""'•
dealing with the new Province. If I lie present
prosperity continued, he had uo doubt of the
ability of Canada to build the road in the
speciiied time. Mr. Mill.' attacked the argument
of the meml)er for St. John (Col. Gray) with
roiiaril to taking the case of Manitoba as a pre-
cedent. He (Mr. Mills) held t'.al Ihe Manitoba
.\ct was a breach of the articles of Confeder-
ation, and could not be reiiarded :is a precedent.
AVilh reuard to giving' represenlalioii to Indians,
that was contrary to Ihe usage of all the other
Provinces. He held that the principle of Uepre-
senlatioii by Population was expressly laid
down by the (Quebec Conference and the liritish
North America .Act as the liasis of rejiresent-
ation in Parliament, and no other basis was
constilutional. He would ask tiie House whether
it was just, for the sake of a population of ten
thousand which had been languishing for y cat's,

ill?*'

;! ,,;|

•1 * r,

; -li

■ :•!

1 ;,iiL

1 l' 1 *

i Hr

illl

J|!|f»f"""'

hi >H

I i'

!!!''!il

iilil

M r

22S

TITTI.KS lIIsTtHIY OK TlIK l>OMINI(iX OFCWAHA

to imnr a ijiciilt'r iimoiuit of dchi lluui hntl lnvn
iiu'uiii'il l>y iIk' w Imlf nT Uritisli Norlli Amciicii
siiu'o its sotllcMiiiit He dill not foiisiil.-r tin-
ctisi's ol till' Auu'rioftii and Caiiailian racilii'
Railways at all parallel, lor I ho Aiiii'ri< aiis had a
populaiioii oT one million on ilu> Pacilic ami
thirty millions i'a-.t ol' ihf Kocky Mountains,
while we had only ttMi tlionsand on iho rarilie
and Inur millions ea>t ol' ihe U'ocky Mi>niitaiiis :
besides \vhieh the Ameriean railway system
extondod one thousand miles i'urther west than
ours hel'ore they began to Imild their road. 1 1
was said that the road could l)e l>uill in ton
years, hut. al (he sanu' time, it was seen that
the Iniereoionial, whieji was not o\ or onedil'lh ol'
Ihe length. wouKl take seven years to eomplete,
and, at the siuuo rate, it would rotiuire thirty-
seven years to finish the Faoilic Ivailway. and
he did not think it rinht of "arliameni to pledge
posterity so far aiiead as that. IIo tlunight the
l)roposal ol' the CJovornment would not only
eripplo ("amida hut Uriiisli C'olumhia as well,
ami so injure the whole ecnintry as to render it
unable to take advantaae of any favorable
opportunities that may arise in liie future. lion.
Mr. lianuevin reminded the House that the
ro.solulioiis had boon passed imanimoiisly by
the I.egislalive Couneil of British Cuhimbia on
the undorstandinii' that they would bo accepted
by the House without aniondmont. Ho con-
tended that the present terms were not loss
favorable to Canada than those originally j>ro-
posed, as tiiey only yax o tlin-e rejtresontativos
in till' Senate instead of four, and six in tlie
Commons instead til" oiuht. There was no com-
parison between the intercolonial and theraeilie
Road, as the former had to be ii (!o\ernment
work, while the latter would be built by a
private Company, lie thought there was no
doubt (d' a private Comi)any being found when
such liberal grants of land and money were
oll'i-red. lie I'onlended that the country was
already pledged to build a road to the Ju>cky
Minmtains, and it would 1)0 very slioii-sighled
policy not to extend il to t!ie I'acilic 'I'hc pre-
sent debt was only $S(),()0(i,()00, not $100,(tO(»,0(lO
I as had boon slated, audit would not be increased

anything like another |i1()(>.0t»0.0(t() by the rail-

' way, as tin" greater p;in of the cost of iliai

would be paid by land grants 1| was ahsuvd

to suppose that wo could ever people the Nunii-

Wos! by thi' aid o\' the Norlhorn Pacili.', a road

whicii was di-iani from our Ironliorall ihe \\;iy

from one hundred to two hundred miles, ||

was noi essiiry to lix a period lor th<' completion

of the road in order lo liIvo >onlidoui'e to liiiijsli

capiialisis as well as Uritish Ctdnmbia ; l>ui lie

had no doubt but thai Ibiiish Columbia woulil

aiiree to an extension of the i>eriod if il w.is

i'onnd tiiat ii could not lie Ituill in the iiiue

spei'ili(>d. Hon. Mr. Smith took strong' exee]i-

(ion to the clause which re(|uirod the road to lie

l»uilt in ten years, no mailer wiial ruin il broiiulii

upon Ihe country, and said that no \erli;il

assurances of Ministers could extend the time

after ihotorms had been ai<opted by the House

and ratified by llie hnperial rarliameut. Il liiul

been areued that tlie road was a poliiiial

necessity, but no Company would build it for

that reason ; it musi be shown that il woiddi)a\

asacummeroial enlerprise, and the only evidence

on that point was Mr. Fleming's, which slioweil

that it woid«l not pay one-tenth of working

oxponses ; it would Ihertd'oro follow lii.il no

Company would undertake il, ami ihe Doniimeii

would have to build tlu' road itself, it had

ln'cn stated ihal if the l>ominion did noi uiaiii

iho terms, Brilisii Columbia demanded ihal

Colony would annex itself to the United Stales

lie would ask the House if it was .sorioiislv

I expected to believe that these fen tiu)Usiin(l

I white people on the I'acilie coast would be

; (piietly [lermilted to disrupt the Urilish lilnipire .'

And even if lliey were, that was an Imperial

' (pieslion and not one to 1)0 settled by I lie

: rarlianu'iit of Canada. Canada couM iiei

ri'asonablv be expected to buy liie loyalty ol

I those people at such a heavy cost. The inipre\e-

I mont of our canals was a pail, and a very

I important part, ol Confederal ion. .-Vnd llie

I work had noi l>een <'ommenced yel because liie

counlrv ctiuld not alibrd il, and yd the llouse

! was asked to sanction a schenu' whicli would

add $100,0Ult.<K)O lo our debl. Mr. liyiual

|i.:''

JOllllllh'U

Ni'VUMlslV

i.ovKpxMi'XT OF i.oRn I isi;\ij TiiK aomisnIiA' ov \\]uv\>\: ^•o\v^\\^ \

■ i-;\

,>l)piisi'(l Ihi' Vi'solutiiMis on till' yvoumls llial ihi-y iliout;lit lliis aflioii wi'uKl imiIi.m Ifinl to\\aiil«

\i.>hiti'(l llic < ('iiNiiliilioii l>y iri\ iiio- |lnii>li il ; liilhtMln. oiu' ol llu' i>rin« ipal arunm<'iit-

('i'lmiil)i!« oiii' ii'i>r<'M'iilali\ 1' tt>v I'xi'iy two atiaiii>i aiiui'xaiion liatl Itoi'ii lliat \v<' \\ tMc m

iliiuisaiul iiihahilaiil^, wliicli \va> Irom i<>ii to iiuu-li iiion' liiilitlv taxfil than tin- I lutcil Sial>-s

tw.'iity liiiir.s 111.' proporliou ol rcpi»'M'Mlatit>ii ilial uliili- llioiv »l«'li| ciualli'd *iii> p>'r lioatl ol

111 ihi' I'llu'v i>;iil^ dl' till" Uoiiiiiiioii \\ iil> nuaiil llic pi'iMilaiinii, oiif^ \\a^ oiilv "ii"-" : l>ui il' ilu-

lo i!u' linamial a.^pri i lu' .-aitl lliai ilu- imcmmiI I'miriiinuv haltiliiv was iii. uivcd ilu' i,il>li\>

III \va>-

li;,()0'i.tU>(>; it wi.ul.l

li'tlUlli' \\ tUlltl M>.>U

hi' tiinu'il. aiul i>ur ta\aii>>ii would

il.'i.i'OO.Oi'i' ninr.' li. Iiiii«-li ili,' liilcv, iiloina! ; lu- t:rcat.'i lliiii llial ol llii' I'liilrtl Siah's II.

sJii.dOO.OOO woiilil 1)1' iici'di'd I.I iiiipiovo llic

asked llu

il.uiNi' to lake a luiMiu-ss-lik.' \ lew .>l

I ;UKils aiul till' pvopMSi'd railwax wmild . ost llu* iiiatu-r and -ax \\ lu'lli.'V ilu' comitry wa-iu
s|.",ii.0ii0.()in), luakiiii; a l.'lal dclil

I'l <>\ cr a coiulilioii l.> a'«>miu' surji

u'a\ \ v.'>p.>ii--i-

!0(i,iHHt,OiiO. wliii'li al liv.- p.-r . >'iil w.ui

lii\ Mr ImmIwi'II. ill ■..'.■oiidiii'.; llu' aiiii'iul

r.'.

|uin' !j;l.")..'iitii.0t)il a y.'ar lo pay luh'r.'M. ni.'iii. ridu'ul.'.l llu' id.'a of a v.;|.'iMit>ii dI llu-

Til.' proscnl iiuouu' was !S!|,i,.'iiitl,ih)() and liu' ti'iin- . aii-iiu^- UniTS^i r.>luiiil>ia lo s.'.'k aiiiu'va-

.'Xpi'iuliliii.' *! I,:! iri.OUO, and 111' I'.'ar.'d thai sill li li.m. ami said llu' ariiuiiu'iii w.is .mly u-<.'d lo

w hol.'sali" addilioiis lo our iiunU'iis would l.'atl rri^iii.'ii soni.- ot lli.' doiiliU'ul suppoiifis of iho

10 national

i>anl

xiupt. y.

Hon Ml- Diinkin lio\ ciiMn.'nt to \ ow lor ilu' nu'asur.' lu' did not

Ulill.'l

1 at I'oiisi.l.'ial)!.' Ii'ii'_;lli in laxor ot llu> oi>i.'. l lo a land li'iani lo aid iii . oii-triu'lin'^ a

r.'soltilions, on ili.' Liroiuid lliat llu- eounlry was lailwav. bin lliouyhl llu- piopos.'d .|iiaiilil\ i.'o
alii'adv pK'd'^cd lo tlu' policy ot l>nildini;' a snmll.and llial a \ t'r\ lari;.' ni.ni.') mam \\.>iild

Tanl

II' Uailway as a .onip

'lion of Coiil'.'d.'r-

11. 'I'd. 'd ill addiil.ni, hi' ih.'ULilil. also, llial

;iluiii. He ariiucd thai a tiinumli road lo iho ilu' Hudson's Itav ( 'oiupam should ui\<'at least

ra.iiii' loiild hi' huilt al a I'hi'apiT rate liiaii

,110(1. Olio

as II w

as laiii'.'K ml. '1. 'Sled in

.11

II' only to liie iu>. ky Mountains, wliieiinuist openiiiii' up the Noriii-W'.'st 11

.' .'.illsli

ler.'d

III' had lo oi>en up Ihe Norih-Wesi. 'I'he dehate il immoral in aii\ (io\ .rnm.'nl lo iind.'rlak.'

was ihi'ii adjouriii'd. j ol)lii;-ations il i ould iioi I'lillil; and he did iioi

II -(hi ihe resuiiipiion ol' the dehale. on ' se.' hiiw lIu' ( i.n .'rnui.'iil .inild reasoiiahly

llir :'iOlli, Mr. Jones (Halilax) uio\.'d, in amend- expe. I lo I'lillil Ih.' ohlitialimis il was askiii-^ the

nieiil to the ameiidiiieiil, thai ihe House lo assume. Hon Mr. Morris .'xpi.'ss.'d

,.11.1'iiiiiii.ni I.. III.' lollowini>' w ords h.' added, " The surprise thai Iw.i sii. h iirtifessi'd advo.aies

.•III I I ' ' '

prop.is.'d eiiLiaiiemeni rt'sp.'elini;' ol' ('onled.'ralion as ihe inemh.'r- liir Sherhro.ike

id I'll ili. K'ailway, would, in Ihe opinion and i.amhlon. should oppos.' a seh.'iii.' whuh

I eireeiualh perle.l ( '.mrederalioii Tin'

.Mr. .1

>| :mi.'ii>lm.-iii

llie sa

ol this House, press too hea\ ilv on llu- ri'sourees wouli
orCaiiaila."" He said il .vould he w ell lor Ihe (io\ - h

io\ - honorahle iiiem'ier lor ^heiinool

had said ihai

iiiiiiieiil to pause and eoiisid"- lierore addinu' ill.' he pr.'lerred llu' l.'iuis oriuiiiall) pr.iposed hy

IM'.ip.isi'd i 111 111 ens.' Imrdeii ol' laxalion. Ii iiiusl lhili--li C'oluiuhia ; llies.' leriiis ha.l slipulaied lor

1)1' I'.iu. 'inhered ihal there were other I'rovine.'s th.- hiiildiiii;' ol' a C'oaeli ijoad inihiee yars, and

yel lo he added lo I he Dominion. New i'ounland the exp.'iidil in.' ol' al least :? l,(li>0,(HM) p.'r aniiuni

iiiil Prune I'alward Island, and this lari:e a.

Ill the railway : he (Mr Morris) was sure llu

••iiiii of d.'hi w.'uld II.' \ery apt lo d.'l.'r (lieni. lloiis.' would not ihink th.'se i.'iiii'- pr.'l.'ialiU

hoeii slai 1 lliiit ill.' Iiiiildiimdl' lliis r.iad lo

I llOS.'

wa- iiee.'ssarv to i i'\eiil 15riiish ( 'oliimhia Imhii h

oiioralili

hi.

ly
memlier lor

I li\ ihe (!o\. '111111. 'Ill The
ihl.Hi had sai.l ihat

,aii

anii.'\iiii:' ils.'ll' to ih.' I'niled Sialt

hill

le was

iipp(>seii i.i l.i.kiiiL;- Up laiul- by [iiillint;

Would ask why Caoada should pay sueh an I hem in Ih.- liamls of a Company, yel, l'\ h
uiiiiii'iise sum lo prevent this eonsummalion. ameiiduient, he was lakin'4- the mosi etl'e.iual
I'iir Inun preveiiliiin- uuuexulion, however, he wiiy lo loek ih.'iu up hy deiiyiiin' a.'.ess I i thi'iii,

H '

:l \

2:{0

Tl'TTI.KS IIISTOI.'V OF TIIK DOMINION ol' CANADA.

lor how conkl si-ttlt'inont he cnconniSi'd unless
means were found In uet at the Innds .' 1( had
heen said that tliere was very little ai'ahle land
in llritisli Cnjnii'hia, hut lu' could state on the
authority oi'ihe lion. Mr. Truteh. Surveyor-
G-enera! of tiie ProN ince. that fully one-third of
r>riti>h Cnluuihin and Vaneouver Island, or
.')0.()i)i).UO(i acres was good farming land. He
considered the railway more of a m-cessily to
Canada llian it was to British Columhia, and
araued tlial if the Northern I'acilic coidd he
liuilt oil ;i land iirant aloin' there would he no
dillii ulty in indiiciMu' capiiaiis's to undertake
the Canadian I'aeilie where the natural ohstacles
wiM-i' fewer, and a money grant would he added
to the land. Mr. Oliver thouu'ht that no hetter
terms should he ^ivcii to ISritish Columhia
than to the other Province'^, and it was niani-
fi'slly nnjuvt to plediie ^l(iii,(i(ii) a y,.;ir lor lands
wlii( h had not hen shown to he worth any-
thing, and which would only in- a source of
expense to the Itoiiiiiiion. He thou-iht these
lands should have heeii hd'i in the hands of the
Loi al ( io\ cniiiieiit to enconia!^!' immigration
with hy lihi'.-al tree liiants. He favored the
admission o|' llntisli ("olumhia and the huild-

ing $1<I0.00() a year — under a shallow pretence
of huying land — to keep a corrupt and extrava-
gant Governmout in power; and he ohjected
still more stronuly to huilding the railway "ii
any such terms as those propositi. He w isjird
that the Hmiso could have the secret historv of
the measure l)cl'ore it, lor ho was convinced
that no Canadian Government, of its own
free will, would dare take the respoiisihilii v
of nnikinu' so monstrous a proposition. Tlif
House was asked to plediii' itstdf hlimlfold in
huild a railway within a Liiven lime wiilidui
even knowinu' whether it was not an impnssi-

hility to huild

one

it all. Tin oxpericiii

the lied River Expedition had shown ih"
region through which the road must pass to hr
little hetter than a mass of rocks and water;
and hevoiid the lio'kv Mountains the lonuirv

was a-iam

very 'liliictUt. He read extrad-

li'iiiii

the Victoria (li.C.) Co/onisl to show the dillidilt
nature of the country through which tin' ioa<l
would jiass, and said thai the cost of forwardiiej

supplies won

Id h.

enormous,

and that tin

Government ouuht, at least, to have hiou'jiil

.let

down a !'oiiii)lete s\irvey ol the i

f Ih

d I

O s||ii\V

ihere it was to he huili. and what it>

iniidf tile railway, hut opposed 'he re.soluiioii.s w'ould I)e. He considered the Govcrnincni oti-

as gi\ ing too lihera! terms and imposinu' too
heavy ohliuations o;i Canada. Mi. Mauill
opposed t:i.' ;vM(lutioiis on the grounds that
they unduly liiNored I'riiish Columhia at the
exp(>iise oi' the other l^dviines. and imposed
too heavy Imrdens on the people. Mr. Colhy
supported ilie policy of the GoNerninent. and
thou'jht tlnit the liiiaiices of the country had
ne\er hcen in a hetter condition to undertake
the construction <>l the railway. Hon. Mr.
Aiiiilin aid he fully and freely aciepied Con-
federation and all the oliliLiatioiis which it
entailed, one oj \\ lijeli Was ilie admission of
Ihitish Columhia, hut he did not consider the

S heme l>ldliOsed one of I lie letjit iuUltl' re.slllts

of Confederatio!! at all. Taken oil its merits,
the scheme was ohjectifjiial.le in e\ cry way.
He oliji'eted to \iolatillL; the Ci.iislitution to

uive Hritish Ccdumhia six memheis in the
Commons; to pensioiimu olili ials, and to grant-

mate of till' cost altoti-eiher too low. anil said some
authorities i)laced it as hiuh as sJi'OO.OOU.Odii te
;$2»i), (10(1, ODD. The Government was fast driv-
ing the country into the American system of
deht and Ir.xation, and when we had these
what harrier would then he hetwoeii us and
' annexation ^ The huilding of this road wmlil

enormouslv increase taxation, am

1 alll:

ouuli It

■ht

also incrcasi' immiii'iation. no one woui

liretcmi thai 11 w ouhl indu
ilfic

,lhi

>; like a

1 Olllpell-

suiricieiit imiuie-ratioii in ten years
sale for the immense outlay, h'el'eniiig to ilie
piesenl condition of the co\iiilry and the
apparent surplus, hi' saiil that was ino^ily
caused hy the interest on the Intercolonial
Railway loan and the deht rcp.iid hy the (Ileal
Western Uailway, and the Housi' should not
hi' misled hy this seiMiiiiiii' prosperity into
uiidcilakinii' any excessive respoiisihilities A
Company had lioou spoken of, hut >vlier»'

fi()Vi:i;.\.MKXT OP ].on\) MS(iAR— TIIK admission ok lilMTlSlI COI-rMIUA.

231

\v;is llii' Company, and liow could it raise
IT.KdOO.dOOou ,)n,6(t(),(iOO iicn-s of harreu land ?
lli> aigufd that Biitisli Coluinhia niu.sl l)o unlit
lor M'lilcmcnt, else why had the population
diTiTMSi'd so murh ol' lute y<'ar.s :" California
li;\il urown to 1)«' a iiicat Slato al'lcr tho u'old
li'ViT di<'(l out, and why had not Urilisli
Coluniliia :" lie i oiild a.ssii>'n no othor roasou
iliiiii liial it was unsuilod for cultivation.

I -J. — Sir Francis llincks said he assumed that
Itnlii sides of ihe House lavoicd Confederatinii ;
s r KrnncM.-' llin.•u^• and lio desired to call attention

I'XI.^IIIMM. II. Hull. , ,1 !• . il . 11 il 1

Mr. .MicicMKnii to the lact that all the proeccd-

llV...'\<s llln . ,.,11,,.

i!..KiiiiM<iJt i"ili.y. HIVE'S WiMC ol the rliararter ol
iie'ii)ii;itions between two i)arties. as to the
ImsI means ol a(;eoniplishiny' an object on
which both were aLireed. 'I'he (_lo\ erinneiit
iiad entered into neootiations. and the wh(tle
lliMi.sr, with one (ir two exceptions, seemed in
l:i\(irof lonnertion with J5ritish ("oluinl)ia and
[\\r liuildinii' of the lailway. allhouuh they may
(liller as to terms. It had never been intended
ilini the (lovenimeut should build the ro;id
iiM'lf, but thiit it should be dune by a Company,
Mini idl cal.ul;\lions had been bused on that
iiiiiierstMndimi'. The Ciovernment schenn' was
;i niodilicalion of that proposed by liritish
(.oliunbiii. and allhouirh the (.xovernment
wciuld not auree to a stipulated iinnual
expenditure, it fully admilled the luvessity of
liuiMinu' tlio railway. In rcjily to a ouestion
hy Mr. Sc;itilierd as to wliether the road would
bo liuili if the land w<>idd not build it, he
n tilled that the (iovernmcnt had not expected
1(1 be idile to build the road on the land urant
iilmie; it would be necessary to liive a money
sub>ldy as well, and he supposed t'.iat would
amount to a million or a million and a (p.arter
per annum, but w hether it woukl be uivcn as a
subsidy or as a uuarantee on the share capital
ol Ihe Company had not been determined. The
Uoveriiment had no intention of incurriiiLi' any
such debt iis $10(t,(M)o,()U(). iiml if there was no
nthrv way of buildinii' the roiid he may .niv that
ilic -ilicme wouM be abamloned ; he did not
ouu-iiler that, they would be bound to uo on at
all ha/ards of ruin to the Dominion ; and if the

, road could not i>e completed in the spe. ilicd
, time he was sure British Columbia would not
' be dissatislicd as lony as Canada had done all
she coulil. Mr. Workman reiiietted that he
I should liave to dis.«.ent IVom the (Iovernmcnt
' on its railway policy. lie thouuht the road
would invo!\c the country to the extent of
$r)0.000,O0O at least, and that was more than
the iountry could allbrd for a railway which
would not pay. He ridiculed the idea of a
trans-<'ontinental trallic for the products of the
I'^asl, and said that any merchant knew those
products Would not bear railway travel. As to
the Intercolonial, he believed it would be a
source of expense and anxiety I'oi' many years
to come, and thoui^hl it would !(.• better to
lift one elei)hant oil' our hands bcfoic takJM'^-
up another and a laruer one. Hon. Mr.
Macdouaall accused the Uovcrnnicnt of failin-j'
in the final step towards the complelioii ol
Confederation. Takinii' an impartial view of
the I'use, he must eliarn'c ihcm with ha\iiiL;
struck a fatal blow at the lircai measure with
which for the past few yt'ars tln'V had been
connected, aiul for the sui'ccss of which they
were pledged to ibis House and responsible to
the country. They proposed for the sake of
completinii' the liiion, as they allcii'cd, to load
the Dominion witii a (iel)t of double the
amount the people now labored under ; and he i
claimed that no such sacrilice was needed to i
acconijili^h that object. Cnder ilie liritish \
North .America .\ci the Co\tMnment had no
I'iuht to enter into any such agreement as the
one proposed with Ihitish Columbia, and tell
the House that it was of the nature of a treaty
and could not be altered, li it could not be
cham;ed, what was the uood of subnullinL;' it lo
tile House at all. and wasling days in discuss-
imr it ! Ibitish Columbia w■a•^ a Crown Colony
with a very limited population, whicii was
coirsiantly chaniriim ; and it wa- absiird to say
that the future destinies of that Colony
rested in the hands of the few ibousand miners
and adventurers who happened to be there now
ami may be away to-morrow. Ibit the power had
, beiMi "is en them to ask unreasonable teiuis. and

I'.' I'

M i:

',1'

I'l ■

!'■-'

(

Tl'TTLirS IIISTOI.'Y OF TIIK DOMINION OF PANADA.

(hey had dnm' so, althouiili ho did not believe that
the inajoiity o[' the pi'opli' desired lo Ibroe I'lom
Canada the teiiiis proixised. Wiiat liuhl Iiad the
people ol' tiiat Coloiiy, he woukl like lo know,
to stijinlate that pnhlie works should he niuler-
taken m the North-West Territories and in the
l'ro»inee ol' Ontario ' That was eleai'ly exreed-
iiin' their i>(>\ver and inlriniiinti- nn llie riuhts ol'
tile Dominion Piirliamenl. The line of tiie
proposed railw;iy niiiihl he divided into three
sections, the lirst ot which tiirouiih Ontario was
barren, roi ky, pre.sentinii' many dillienlties in
the way ot eonslrnctinii' a railway, and totally
unsnited lor setth'meni ; the middle seetion was
I't'rtile and oli'ered lew obstaeles, but wns too
sparsely settled to oiler any hop(> ol' a railway
payinii' I'or some years; and the lastsection was
Ihrouuh :i monntainous, dillicult eonntry, the
aurienltnral re.sonrces ol' which wore very
doubtl'nl. It wa:s not at all probable that any
Company would undertake to build a road
throuuh surh a country, and if no Company
could be rt)UMd he would like to know
whetiicr the (lovernment would undertake
to Ituiid the roiid i J[e Ihouuht it woulil
be a lar better plan lo build a railway
throuiih tlu' ]'"ertile lielt from renibina to the
Rocky Mountains, and I'rom thenre have a uood
post roail to llie I'acilii . I'rom I'eiiibina counee-
lion co>ild bi' had with the otiior jiaits ot the
Dominion by the Northern I'aeilic: and the
Dominion would soon have a mixed road, part
laiul, part water, tlnouuh its own terriu)ry,
wiiieh he thouii'ht would be amply suliirient
lor numy years. Objeriion miiiht be taken to
the excessive representation allowed, and to the
larii-e money payments to be made lo the Colonv ;
but he was notdisposed to bi- niiiuardly towards
new i'rovinces. thinking' that they should have
liberal means at their disposal for local improvo-
nients. Tlu' exce.-sive representation was a
violation ol' tiie British Nortli Anu'rica Act, but
it was an evil which would, probably, cure
ilseir -n a few years i)y the increase oi' popula-
tion.

D).— Mr. lieaty would support the resolutions,
as he had I'Very coulidenee in the (io\ernment

and I'lUly endor.sed their policy

ol (ii)einnii- up the North- West ivy..iuii..nsii.i..M,..i

, , \ i- 1 , > Willi. .Ill :iitii:i..|iiiriil

lor settlement. As lor the Op-
position it seemed to him that they had no poljc y
except that they oujyht to sit on the Treasury
benches, and then the Norlh-Wost could open
np itseir. Hon. Mr. Dorion said that ot ihe two
aspects i)resented l>y the (|ueslion, the political
and the liiiancial, the latter was the most iiupor-
taiit,and he ha<l hoped to have heard some full
explanations I'rom the Crovernnnmt on that
point ; but beyond a vaffue slalomeiit by the
Finance Minister that the cost of the railway 1
would be imt less than >ilOO.iiOO.()(Kl, im inlonini- j
lion had been Liisen. It was with humiliaiinii i

that he had heard a Minister ol' the Crown say j

that after enteriiiiiintoasolemn compact lobitild

the road in ten years, the aLiroemoni could ln'

broken if it was Ibund inconvenient to carry

it out. lie referred to the heavy obligations the

Dominion was already under, and the necessity

of improviiiiji' the camUs. and said that if he was

desirous of seeing ConU'deration broken up he

could liiink of no surer way than adoi)tiiii;

these resolutions, lie had been opposed le

Uonfed'-ration, and was not in favor of an imhli-

nite extension of the Dominion ; but if the

; Dominion must be enlarued in some direciieii,

it would be far better to e.xleiid it in ihe

direetimi of Newfoundland with its |,")ii,(iilo

I inhabitants, and I'rince luUvard Island, with its

j KlO.KOO seitled residents than to I'.ritish Coluia-

\\ bia with its 10.000 nomads. He (pioled I'lom

Mr. Sanford I'Teming to show thai a inae-

adamiseil road would take seventeen yi'ais te

build, and that a railwav was a commereinl

■ .... II
absurdity, which would re(|uire eight milliniis

a year to maintain it. lie did not think there

i was any necessity for a Canadian I'acilic IJaii-

way, as the .American roads could ivive ic^ all

the accommodation we re(|uircd. ami our money

could be much better emi)loyed. lie ( oiisidereil

I that the four millions of iiei.ple inhal>iling ihe

i basin of the St. Lawrence were more worthy ol

consideration than the few residents in ibiti-li

Columliia, and that il this vast sum of inoiiev

j was to be spent it should be spent in improving

Br <

(iOVKJiN.MKNT OK L()I?I) I.ISdAR— TJIK ADMISSION' OK BIMTISII COIJ'MHIA.

•2X1

tht' liiiials, \vhicli would he of vast importance
to tho country, iiisti'iid ol' WiiNtiii"' it on a usi'loss
railway. Tlu' nieniltcrs wore then callfd in and
a voto takon on Mr. .loncfs' anicndmont to the
aiiiendnient, whicii -va.s lo.st : Yoa.^. tl;! ; Nay.s, '
lis. Mr. Ross (Duiidns) moved in amendment,
"Tiiat, in tlie opinion of lliis House, tlie I'urtlier :
consideration ol' the (pu'slion ho postponed lor !
the present session t)!' rariiament, in order that
greater and more earet'ul lonsiileration may he
i^iven to a ijiiestion ol' such niai;nitude and
importance to the peojdo ol' this Dominion."
Lost: Yeas, 7o ; Nays. s."). The vole was tlien
tiikonon Mr. Mackenzie's amondmont whieii was
del'eated by a vote ol' t)7 to 1' 1. lion. Mr. Uorion
then moved in anu'ndment, ' Tiiat it l)e resolved
in view ol' the oniia^'ements already entered
into since C'onrederalion and the hirue expendi-
ture urgently recpured I'or canal and railway
purposes, this House would not he justilied in
iinposinii' upon the people ol' this Dominion the
enormous l)urdens reipiired to construct within
ten years a railway to the Pacilic, as proposed
hy the resolutions sul)mittod to the House."
host: Yeas. 71) : Nays, it I. The main motion
was then carried on the same divi.sion, and the
resolutions passed thiounh ( ommittee.

14.— C)n the I'ollowim;' day (olst ol' March)
on Sir Cleorgc! E. Carl ier movinu' concurrence in
On .ho, notion >o ^^'^ '"''I'-'i't »'!' Uie Committee ol'
'JilKkl.'Mn.'Hirors <li'' ^V hole on t he rcsolut ions, M r.
"""""■' ^""""'""-■"'- Mackenzie reviewed .som.-of the
speeches made hy the memhers of the Ministry
in support ol' the resolutions. Hi' was surprised
that the Minister ol' Inland Kevenue with
all the sources ol' inl'ormatioii at his command
could only lind that one-third ol'the i'rovince was
arulile, and hud to iuihulc \'ancouver Islaiul
at that. Now in dealing with the (juesliou
of the railway, \ aneouver Island must not he
included. I'oi the railway would not run through
it; and I'rom al! ho (Mr. Mackenzie) could
learn, iiot more than one-l'ourth or oiu'-lilth of
the Mainland was lit lor agricultural ])uri)oses,
and it had yet to he shown whether or iu>t the
other I'our-lirths ol' the cou.itry throuti'h which
the road must run was good for mining

purposes. He ridiculed as absurd the statement
of the Minister of Militia tiial the laud
purchased from British Columbia fen- $l',0I)i>,0II0
would be taken in account by any railway
company as ^ I '>.(;0(l,000. He . liaracterisi'd the
statement nuide by Ministers that the condition
to build the rctd in ten years need not be
comidied with unless the tlovrnimi'iit jilcasi'd.
as the greatest piece of political imuioi'alily lie
had ever heard uttered in thi^ Houm'. rariia-
ment could not alliu'd to loo.sely cnii'i' into
engag(>ments it did not mean to pcrlorm, and
he for oiui would never give his . onsenl lo .my
measure he was not prepared to fully cmry out
when the time came. He had been char^i-ed
with sayinii' that the railway was a political
necessity. He denied ever havinti said so.
What he had said, and was willini;- to admit,
was that it was desirable to have conununi'Miiou
with r.ritish Columbia as .soon as the liiiaiicial
condition of the country would admit of; but to
undertake to build in ten years a railway from
theOttawa Valley, through a rocky and dillii uli
country, to the Pacilic Ocean would lie an act
of stupendous folly. He pointed out that the
Northern rarilic Railway could uoi pay ihe
interest on its bonds; th.it the (Irand Trunk
1 had never yet paid one cent, and yet Ihe House
' was asked to lu-lieve that this i)roposcd railwav,
which for two-thirds of its route would pass
through an uninhabited country, woiiM be a
grand success at once. \\ ,• h;id two hundred
i mih's of uninhabital)le country lyiiiL:' between
the head of Ijoko t^uperior am! WinnipcL;' ;
I and he would suggest a cheaji narrow liauge
I railway and steamers on the streti-hes of
inivigabie waters as all the means of communi-
cation whicii would be needed for yi'ars to
, come. He considered tin- lailw ay .si hiiin' one of
! tin' most foolish imaiiinable ; and what was it
for ^ To get .some lt»,(IOil j)eople into the Inion,
' who would cost the country over $10, ()()() per
head! Such ti'i'ins argued either insane reck-
j lessncss on tic part of the ( io\ ernnieiii, or a
painful want of patriotism which wouM uieatly
damage the country. He declared that it was
' monstrous to sup|)ose that a small body like tint

ffll

r '!

Ilisfjli

)

! 11::

2:', I

TCTTI.F/S IIISTOIIV OI' TTIK nOMINlOX OF CANADA.

British Coluni1)iii C'oiimil should bo allowed to
draw lip propositions bindiii' mi the rarliamciit
ol' llii' Doiuinioii, and thoy woi . to 1h' t )Id that
they must iioi ilii i thorn. !!<• lonclutlod 1)y
inoviii; (I • ..II (ho word.s alter '-that'" he

in"'- in.'^ertod ; ''That
>f

omiti' '1. ■Mid till' lolluw

having re:j:ii(l to the vast iinporlanco

f|nesli(ins inv(

iiiciiulinu' llie fi

lived

10 saiil reso

)liiti

ons,

!)liiiation to eonstniei within ten
voars the I'aeiiii- Railway, the cost ol' which is

ostuna

tid I

o exeei

'd §1(10,000.(100. time sliould

ho ali'iirded to tlio iieuplo and tlu'ii' repvosont-

aiivc*; fur cnnsultiuiuii bd'oi

iiiiiim' t(

final

(lecisioii. and that the .oiisidi'ratioii of the said

resolutinii siiould therelnre b
next session."

postpom

d till

1."). — Sir treoriio ]•]. Cartier said he had hoped

that I lie [hn

>v\v\-:\\ inilt'ii'lllllMlI-
|iUt llllil lo.-t.

di^

itavs (lisiiission won

Id 1

lav

o.xhausted the matter, and ho
would nut have had to speak
aiiain. but he I'elt oomnolled to ri'ply to the
remarks of the memlier lor Lambton. Tho
hoiKiia'.ile gentleman objected to bimlinii' tho
countrv to build 2.")(iO miles ol' railway in ten
voars. and said we could not alliird it. Did he
Ibriiet that years auo when Canada w;is miirh
more sparsely settled than it was now we had
built 2,(100 miles of road in eight years :" Had
Canada bi'eii ruined by those works, or had her
aaricultural iiiierests sulibred i* Ijesides the
railway she hud also built the Victoria Ih'iduv
at Montieiil, which alone ecist as nunh as .')(I0
miles of rail w;iy. and several other larqe I)ridsie8.
ir tho railwav could lie built at all, it cnu' . be
doi

lonsidered till' time tof> long than tooshort. The
hundred millions exi)endituro was a buuboai.

e in ten years, and lor his part, he rather

a phantom i usr

th.

opposition : there wa

no idi'a of sjiendinL!' any sueb sum, the (lovern-
nient purposely Ueepiiui' control (jf its i)ublie
lands to facilitate railway enterprises. He
could not see that there was any object to be
liained by jiostponing the matti'r, as ])roposcd
in tli«' aire'iidmi'nt, ind should therelnre oppose

ariiiied ihiit the tenii> o

n wnicii

l'>riti.>-h C' iimbia was to In- admitti'd h:id nol
been bei'oiv ihe people, iuid therolbre it was

proper to postpone action ui.:/ :]\v I'lOj'.^ ,j;]\^\
have an oj>port unity of oxpressii'-Tf in oi.ini.ri
Tho tioveriiment h.id tno(! 1(. iii,\ke j^ iit .,i
the fait that the hundr.'d millio.j \\:i:. moi i-,
be all in cash, but it had nol l)oen disj.iu.Ml
that tho cost would be that sum, and tliat l.-in'j

! admitted it made little dillereiice whetlier ii
was paid in land or money, it was the s.uue dniiii
on the resources of the country, Tho (.iovirii-

, moiit ariiumeiii was that wo would iioi hr

exported to perl'orin imp'ssiliilities; btu an
honest man woiiM I'uHii his oblJLiatioiis ii n
involved l)anknii)t. y. ;iiid if the (.lo\ ernineiii
undertook these obligations il ouiilit to bf wjih

I the exportation of honestly lullilling iln'in. If'
thought it would be better to take more tinic lu
consider tlio matter.and would iheivfore >upp(.ri
the amendm"nt. Hon. Mr. Tilley maintained
tliat there was no necessity lor delay ; the

! sehenie hiid been befor.' the jiublic for thiLH'
monllis;nid had bem fa\()i;d)ly received, iiidei'd
it had been agitated throuiih the pre.ss ,'\or
since Confederation. He thought thid ;i 'noiiev
subsidy of $](t,u()(i prr mile would on ihi'
buildiiiii' of the road bi-yoiid 'piestii,/!. Hon.
Mr. Macdouiiiill (pioted from a I'enorl nindo
by Mr. Hind, an oliieoi' of the ilo\ ennieni, te
show that there was only Id.OoO.uQO acr.v- uf
arable land in the Fertile licit of tlie North-
West ; and taking tho arable h d, in Rrilisli
Columbia as lO.OOO.dOO. that w.mld .ndy iimke
.■,0,(100,000 aeres, all of whirh was to be yiv.'U to

, the Kaih'"u Company, and the (lovennniiil

I would ' • iio good land left for si tilm;.'!!!.

' He deill. d ' .it the sehonii- had been before till'

public tor months, as it was only alter ilic
debati' was commeiHcd, on the tweni v->e\ ciiih,
that its lull mauiiitude was made known Mv
.lones (I.oeds) said that although both -id.>
doprocated party con.'sideriitions Ik had n>\.r
i h.'ard a (|Uostion made a nnu'e thorouuhly pariy
j one. Ho opposed the resolutions because he
did not think the country could allord the
e\))enditure ; and he wiis also of ()|)iiiion tliiit
the jnijiefial ( io\erniiient <iu'.;ht to a.— isi m
any scheme for opeiiine up the Noilli \\e-i.
He did not consider that the land in lhili>li

(i()VKi;yM''.\T (.. i.,.;;i> ijs(;.vi!— riiM admission of iwini.sii coli-mkia

; uluiiil)ia foultl hi' very linod, or there would
li;ni' l)t'('ii more .scltlciin'iil ll.i'i'. lie w.isin
liivor !>{' coii.sidoriilidii ol' tin; lunticr l)i'ii)i'-
po>liioni'cl, and slioiUd vote lor the aiiif •
lui'iit. Mr. M;ickiMizi(''s amendment \v;i.s then
pill and \os{ ]i\ a \ ote ol' i>-« lo s.') Mr.
Cariwriglit moved an amendnu'Ut to llii'
rl.veiiih resolutidn t<; tlie olleet that the
Dominion Uovernmeul j)led<>-(>d itself to use its
hcNl endeavours to i omplcte the railway in ten
vi'ars. Lost, Yeas 7, Nays 18,). Mr. Roilweil
iimved in amendment to strike out all words
alter " that " and insert the iullowinii' : 'That
llie proposed terms 111' nninn with IJrilish
('(ilumt)ia i)rovide lor rejiresenlation in the
Senate by three members, and in the House of
Commons l)y six members, while ihe white
pejiulation is about 10.00(1^ and su<h npresen-
laiiiin in the Ibmse dl' Commons is enormously
in excess ol' the proper number according' to
ill.' poimlation, and is in violation of the
luMda'.iieiital prinei]>les of the constitution, a
piiiiiipli- which ouuhl not to be disturbed
wiihout the con.si'iit of the I'rovim es, ami that
ill,' said resolutions be rel'eri'cd back to a (/oni-
iiuiiee ol' the whole House for the jnirpose of
ivilu. iii'.i the number of representativ"s in the
Ifaisi' of Commons." Mr. Killam moved, in
amendment to the amendni'nt. that the words
' pnpidation is about 1<I,U"" i" the am"iidment
l.e>iiii,kout. Lost.— Yeas. 4;J; Nays, 100. Mr.
I'lodwcHs amendment was then rejected. Yeas
■")"', Nays ST. Mr. IJIake mo\ cd, in amendmen!, to
strike out all words alter ' that, " and insert the
I'lllowinii- 'That the i)roposed terms of union
wiili r.ritish ('olumi>ia i)rovi<le for 'viymiMit by
the Dominion to IJritish ('oluinl)ia of a yearly
sum i)|'!«!lOO.itOOiu perpetuity, equal to a capital
sum >)r jiJ.oOd.itOn, lor the cession of a tract of
Waste laml on the route of the propo.-ied I'acilic
railway, to aid in its construction, while any
Mii'h land re(|uii'cd for that puri)o-ie should be
eeiled without chariic. in like manm r as lands
of ilie Dominion are to be rede I. ami that the
said resolutions be rccommitti'd for ihe purposi'
of aniendiiui' the same in acc<irdaiiec with this
f(>M.luiiou," IaisI ; Yeas, .V.l , .Nays. si. The

resobi'io'..^ were hen ado^iloo, and iu"i<'i'e.s
based on them InModuced and read .iu' III.--'
time.

ir, — On ihe motion of Sir (.ieorue Iv Cavu-r, ,
on the followinii' day ( Isl of April, foi 'li'l
siTond readinii' of the address. j

Mr. Maikeiizie said that his „ i',i.h.,'i'«ii"i,..i. '"

. , , . , , , , , .■iiiH'M.tliH'ril. ;

Side dul not nitend to delay the i

House any longer, but would take one moievot(> !
as a [irotest against some of the terms. Having'
nuide this protest, the Oppositicm would throw
upon the (iovernment the responsibility for the
extraordinary terms which had been < oncedod
in (he aildress; he therefore moved. "That this
House, while willing to give its best i onsidera-
tion to any reasonable terms of union with
Jlritish Columbia, is of opinion that the terms
embodied in the said address are so unreasonable |
and so luijust lo Canada that this lloii. should !
not agree thereto. " Iloii. Dr. Tui)per said that
hi' had not hitherto taken any i>art in the <lebate.
l)Ut had listened with miiiLiled i)ain and pleasure
to the remarks of other members, pain at hear-
ing sonu' old friends of Confederation opposinu-
the resolutions, and pleasure at the able exposi-
tions of the policy which he thou'uht woiild
bring Confederation to a lireat ami ulorioi -
■ onsummation. He argued at consideiai.i.
length in lavor of the resolutiiuis. holding that
the Canadian route to the I'acilic \\ ;•. far belt ..
than either of the American rouii---. ^ i' w;-,"
easier of consirmtion. and w <ud(i '''. i'..;' Li', 'r-
pool and Cliina I'iiHi miles n>'are; ■ ..■ethei than
any other route, thus securin;;' a laige ■moui ! of
trallic. Mr. Scatcherd s.iid he was o)>pos 'd t;)
admitting Ihitisli Colund)ia on ihoe t<" '- or
onanytermsi' i wo\ild increa,se t;' .lion, lie
did not think Conlederaiion hail bp'cu .i su> cess
for three sections — Nova Scotia. (^>uel)e' and
Manitoba -were dissatislied : am! he did not
lind any dilierence between the pL.-iiinu of the
minority now and what it was in [Si;,"). The
Covernineiil was ijuiie as arbiirar\ and un-
reasonatde now as then. He should oppose
the resolutions, for if they wi're passed every-
thinu' we ale. drank or wore, for the ncxi lil'ly
years, would be stamped with I'acilic Kailway

"■"I

ii fl

i ,

. ' i

I !i

■s.u;

tuttij:s irisToi.'v of iiik dominion of canada.

tiixps. Hon. Mr. Iluntiiin'loii siiid, Unit iilthout;h
hi' had Vdti'd iiuiiiiist Coni'cdoratioii, still hi-
desired l'> sec ihe stheme since it had been
adoj)ied, cinried to complete success ; l)Ut
Conredenitinii was not a machine which would
carry itself to success without careful and
wise uianaircmcnt. Already the national debt
had been increased iiity per cent., aiul now it
was |>rop<)sed at one sweep to auamcnl it
$10(1.00(1,0(10. He argued that Confech'ralion
was (piitc :is much an Imperial as a Colonial
policy : and it it was the duty of the Imperial
I'arliament to aid in <'onstructiny- the Inter-
coloiiiiil, it was a iiuiidred limes more its duty ;
to assist in coiHU'cting the Eastern Provinces
with the I'acilic. He would be glad to know
ii the (lovernment had any reason to give!
the House wliy they had lorced the lunpire
from its share of this great work of consolida-
tinii- the ihiiish jiower upon this coutincni ?
As tile Honorable Minister of Militia did
not seem <lisposcd to answer (his (pxcstion,
he would tell him what is being talked on thi.;
(juestion outside of the House. H was stated
that there wcic people oiu-<ide of the House '
that wiMc interested in this project. It was
rumored that etntain liankers and capitalists,
who were 111, If ti. l)rine- i:r. : I inlluence to bear
!i;ion the (iovciiiment, were au.vious thai the
Dominion Cloverunient should lake such steps
as w ould have the eli'ect of cdnvincinii' capital-
ists that Canada was determined to build this '
railway in order to delea'. the scheme of the
Northern l';icilic Ifaihvay ; and the oSs 'rvations
of the llollolalde I'resident of the Council
Seemed to ei\i' some 1 (dor to tlese rumors. It
had been used as an argument in favor of the
re.s.)lutions that if they were not pas.seu British
Coh'iiibia would annex hersell lo the United
Sti i< -. r.iitish Colitmhia vva,- a Crown C(dony,
and if it were really a ir.i-i of the -inperial
poliev lo consolidate J?niish interests :ii this
continent, it would not mak^ the dillerei;. c ol a
feather's wejeht if every man, wouian and ihild
in Uiitish Columbia \oted for itnnexation, tliey
would iioi lie annexed, il any <! ilie Hrilish
possessions c\ "r bec-.mf atmexed io the rnittul

States, it would be at the cannon's mouth, and
as the result of the utter overthrow of Ibitish
power on this continent. The IJritish Crovern-
ment would never allow the 10,000 jjeojile
in British Columbia to anm'x that vast iind
important country to the rnite<l States, niul it
was humiliating to hear Canadian Ministers
ailvanciuLi' such an iiruument to act as a spin-
to hurry on their scheme. Mr. Uymal called
attention to the fact that the l'"inance Minister
had not yet exi)lained how he proposed to raise
the mout'y ; aiul proceeded to make a personal
attack on Sir Francis llincks. Mr. Thompson
' (Ontario) was opposed to accepting the terms
without any evidence to show that we conkl
carry them out. If it was intended to biiikl
the road with a land grant, it should be so I
expressed in the resolutions; or if il was jno-
jxised to iiive a money subsidy, that should he
stated. A division was then taken on Mr,
Mackenzie's amendment, which was lost; Yeas j
OS, Nays 8(). Sir A. T. Gait said that the
Government had stated that it was not their
intention to build the road out of the money I
resources of the Hominion, but that they would
aid a Company with land and money; in
order to have tliis formally expressed he would i,
oiler the following amendment : • That the said i!
address be not now read a sccdud time, but that
, it be read a second time on Moiulay; and that,
! in till' meantime, it l)c' resolved that in acceptiiej
the terms of the union with British Colnndiia.
this House nitderstamls tiiat the eiiii'aeemenl for
the i-oi;struction of the I'acilic Railway within
ten years is sid)Ject to an understanding li;i(l
helweeii the Go\ ernment ol the iJominion and
the Commissioners from liritish Columliia, mid
that thi' said railway shall be conslru, ted
throtiuh the medium of private Conipanjes
receiviiiLi' subsidies in money and land, and that
it was not intended to pledg(> the Domiiiiiii
beyond the (d)liiialioii of its money resources le
a loyal and earnesi jjrosecution of the work,
without entailinu' unthu' and excessive burdens
on '.lie jteople." Sir (ieoru'c K. Carlicr opi'i'sed
the resolution, but promi',ed lo hring down n
resolnlion on Monday or Tuesday, expliiiiinu

(loVHl.'XMKNT 01- l-OI!D I.ISiiAi; TIIH ADMISSION OK MRITISII COIJMUIA.

•JHT

how the GovtMiiiiKMit, proposed lo huild the
niilwiiy. Messrs. Mackenzie, IJlakoiiiul Howell
cxpit'ssi'd thomsolvi's iiiiaMc to support Ihe
iiiiii'iidiiii'iit. Sir A. T. Gall's aiiifiKlint'iit was
tlu'ii i«ut and lost. Yens,?; Nays, liiO. The
main motion was then carried, the address passed
and ordered to !»(> ens'Tossed. In accordance
with his promise. Sir (ieorii'e E. ("artier, on 4th
April, <>ave notice thai on the next day he would
move the I'ollowinu' resolution : '• That the Rail-
way ri'l'erred to in the address to Her Majesty
concerning' the I nion ol' lirilish Colunii)ia with
Canada, adopted by this J louse on Saturday,
the 1st April instant.* should he constructed
mill worked hy private enterprise, and not by
ilie dominion Government, and that the public
aid to be given to secure that undertakini;-
should consist of such liberal grants oi' land,
and such subsidy in money, or other aid, not
mululy pressiu!^' on the industry aiul resources
ol' the Dominion, as tiie Parliament ol' t'aiuida
.shall hereinal'tcr determine. " Mr Mackenzie
raised the [loint of order that the House had
already voted <lowu a similar i)roposition made
hy Sir A. T. (lalt. The Si)eaker reserved hi.•^
decision until the resolution was mo\ ed ; l)ut
the resolution was not t)ioimlit u[) durinu' the
remainder ol' the session.

1". — The resolutions lo'- the address were
moved in the Senate, on the :ird of April, by tin'

„ ,, Hon. .Mex. Campbell who said

that he was (piite well aware of
the vastness of Ihi' enterprise
it had I'ormcil jiart ol' tin;
for a Coiirederation of all the
I'niviiices from the Atlantic to the I'acilic,
and he did not know that anyoiu' re-
ji'arded an union wilii Uritish Columbia as
tuidi'siiablc. The liiree most important propo-
sitioUN in the rcsohilions were represenlation ;
(ill linaiicial anaiiiicments other than the rail-
\v:iv. and the railway itself With regard to
r lU-esi'iitation he did not think that the
inincipleof Representation by I'opulation could

*ll i- Hiiiili.v III iiiiliiii Unit Mu'sci rixiiliiliniiK, "ii full nl' iiiiiHirliiiii'u tn
I'hiuiiIm mill nliirli UmI lo lh<> iliilral iil llio Miii'iIimimIiI .Minirlry. wi'iv
lulnlilml nil ll„ \.l .,/ Apnt.

iiili'Milin'c^ ll..
ri-'*iiliiiiiiii.< ill the

S|.||:il,|.

liliiposed. bu
eiiuinal plan

be strictly applied in the case of new Provinces
or they woidd have uo representation at all on
account of the sparseuess of their ])opulations.
Their future liTowth aiul increase of pojuilation
must be taken into account also. This priiu'iple
had l)een admitted by both Houses in the t ase
of Manitoba, and approved by the GoviM-iiineiit
and I'arliament of I'^iiiiland, and the .same prin-
ciple had been admitted in .he in-gociations
with Newfouiullaiul. it was only fair, therefore,
to apply it to Ib'itish Columbia. It was a mis-
lake lo say that Indians were not taken into
account in the matter of representation in
Canada, for all the Hidians were beiiui' included
in the present census, and it was most likely
that they would form an element in the readjust-
ment of representation which would take place
alter the census was completed With regard
tothesecoiul i>roposition he said tiiat tiic scheme
had been before the pul)lic for thn>e months,
and he had not seen any objections raised to it
in the pul)lic press. He entered into details to
show that Canada would receive :d>out $;>ti:],.')()tl
l)er annum fnnn liritish Columbia and pay out
about ^.'iill.nOil, exclusive of ^pKi.ilOO per annum
for the laml needed for the railway. As to tie-
railway itself he said liiat Canada only li-naran-
teed to secure its construction, not to build it
herself The ten years clause he did not con-
sider as compulsory, but only as a uuaraiitee of
good faith, for Canada could not be expected to
perforin impossibilities ; and if such an event
as a foreign war, or any othei' unfoiseeii circum-
stance should arise to posti)one the I'onipletion
of the road, IJritish Columbia could not object
to the delay. Every one who had debated the
(piestitui had admitted the necessity of biiildiii!:'
the roatl at some time, and the advaiitau'e of
havinii liritish Columbia adniiiled to the
Inioii ; and he could not sec that anythimr was ,
to be gained by delay, we were in excellent
linaiicial <()iiilition now and were not likely to
beany better oil' in ten years time, and he knew
of no rea,son for delay. Canada had si)enl silU",-
0()i>,000 on railways since IS.M and im one could
deny that the country had been iniinensely
benelited thereby, ll was true thai the shure-

i =llt||

».llt

« i

.1 '11

11 :i

! 'I 191,!-

!!".i ^1

TAX

'iri"T[j;s IIIST()I{V OI'TIIK KOMIN'loN < >l" ( 'AXA l»A.

holders liiid iiui IxMii very urciui ''''iiclitcd, )»ut
ilir iidvinitiii:<' tf> ihi' couiiiry was uii((U>'sti()ii-
iihlc : yi't if ii lind hei'ii said twt'iily yoars
iiiio lliul lliis \;isl sum winild In- cxin'iidi'd
on iMJlways cviTylxidy would liavo 'HtHliLh'd
liuaiiciii! niiii lov liic cnuiitrv. l)Ul ik)\v •■vho
liiouLjliI it ;i hiirdcu .■* He lliuu'jlil lliMl till' road
could !)(' huilt will) a money suhsidv of lioin
s7,(»no to sKi.uoO )),.r mile iu addition l() the
land uraiil, and said ihat il would not jircss
lu'a\ily oil till' iii'0|il(', as il would he spread
over a numhi'V of years ; it would he IST; Ixd'ori'
the suiveys loulil h.' eoiii|>leied. and il would he
huilt at the rate of, perhaps. loi» nules the first
year. 20ft the seeond, and so on. 'i liis (luestion
was one w I'.i' ! eoiieeriied not llrilish Columhia
alniie hill the whole Douiinioii. and especially
the Norlh-West which would ne\er he Imill up
without railway oommuiiii alion.

is.— Hon. Mr. l.eii.llier de M. .TusI said that
simo Confedeiaiion was an aejomplished livet
ii..n. .Mr. i.,i.i:i,r '"' ^^ ''^ w i 11 i 11 1^' to accept it and

"'>•'■"'"'"" '"""'• do all in his power to make it

suceossful : but hecouldii'ii support ilu'cxirava-
uant liiiancial i>i)licy • ontaiiied in tlie resolul ions,
il had heeu ui'iji'il that Hrilisli ('oluiiil)ia might
heroine aniiexe(l to the I'liiied .Stales ; he I hoiiLi'ht
that il' the pefiple ihere were noi loyal eiiovii;h
to wani lo join Canada on reasonal>le lerms.il
Would hi' hesi iiol lo have llrilish Columhia at,
all. l[e considered ihe i.'rms pro|iosed most
unreasoiiahle : and from the maimer in \\ hieh
they had iieen passed in liie Urili-h Colnmliia
Lcgislaiure. and llie j'arliameiit id' Canada told
that no alteration lould he made, it looked
as if Ih'itish ('(diimhia projiosed lo annex the
Dominion instead of ihe Dominion annexing"
liritish Columhia. He argued that, taking the
Inlercoioiiial as a Liuide, the pinposed railroad
would eost $!.")(), 000, 0(1(1, ili;,t no Company cotild
he ioiiiid lohuild I lie road for the laud grant and
ihe proposi'd sultsidy of seven or eio-ht millions
; <d' dollars, and thai the (lovernmi'iit would hase
, to huild ihe road, whii h would involve ihe
country in liiiancial ruin He criticised the
entire ahseiiee of informalioii on the part of
the (rovcinmeni, as lo cost, &c., and said that

no honest person would euter on a privaie
enterprise without counting- the cost to see ii h,.
could alloi'd it; but the (I •vernmenl wanled ih>'
House to ])ledg(« it.self to huild ihe road willuun
knowing what it would cost, or whelher tlie
lountry coiildallord it. He claimed I ha I the sc.ije
of repre.sentalion was unjust to the other l'in\iii-
ces, and especially to (^uidtec, whii h w as ahi'adv
unfairly dealt with at Confederation hy havia-
the numher of her representatives lixed at sixlv-
live for all time, w hile the other Provinces w oiili!
iiicrea.sc their numher. On the (|Ueslioii i,\'
pensions, he ihoughl it sliaiiac thai the ( ioxeiii-
meiit had at Confederation dismissed many eld
servants of Ihe I'rovinco ol Canada willieiii
])eiisions. ami re<luced the salaries of oiliii-.
and could now undertake to i)ensioii I'lihlic
Oliicers in l>riti.>h Columhia. He coik hided hv
movinti' in ameiidmeiil, "Thai in the opiiiieii
of this Housi', ilie further consiilerai'on of llii^
(lue>lion he postponed for the present session el
Parliament, in order that greater aud niev,'
careful consideration may be yiven to a (]iii'siieii
of suidi nnvgniUule aisd imporiaiice to the people
of this Domiiiioa "

lit. — Hon. M I Wilmol, iiise<-ondinglhe anieiHl-
iiieiit, said iha, he was not iiulisposetl to raiiy
out Confederal ion hv the adiiiis-

.,,.., /, 1 " 1 ■ 1 •,. Till' .hliln'-- M.|ii|.i,.|

sion ol lirilisli Lolai«il)ia, and it in iii,. ,>.,oi.'

I I 1 1 " irilnlir ainrU'lllH III.

the U-overnmenl would emitody
in the resolutions, stipulation;; similar to those
iniroduced in tin- House of Co.umons* il
would remove many ohi(>ctions that he had
to the scheme as it stood. He di'L not ohjeil
lo the liheral liiiancial terms, hut wasslroiiuly
opposed to incurriii'.; any such g''e'anli( work ;!>■
the railway, without l)etter in'.ormalion on ihr
subject. He (juoied iVoin Allison, and oilier
authorities to show the e\il ell'ects of undue
railway speciilalion ; ami uriicd thai as husiiios
men ihey should carefully couri ihe co>l hejore
eiilering uiiou su' h an enu^vprisi-, and pau-e
hefore rushiiie- into expenditures which in.iy
lead lo National bankruptcy. He reviewed ilie
expi'rience of New IJruuswii'k willi regard le

• SiM' .V.iiii'c 111 .Mi.li.iM jui'ii l).\ Sir <lfni!;i! i; CiirliiT ui 11"
Cumiiii'ii^ oil nil April, piitiu 2^17-

COVKUN'MKN'T or I.oni) r,IS(;.\FJ -TlfH ADMISSION' or P.IMTISir ('(>[,rMI!I.\.

•.M't

hnildinu' Viiilwiiys. and siiid tliiil if Iho (lovovn- siich athinir: tli<' pi'Oj)!!' would not .sliiiid it,

111. 'Ill luid loiiic dow 11 willi ii di'iinili' proposul lo and men if llicy would tln-y cnuld nol li(nru\v

■jivi' s(i iiiiicli a mill' and suili iKiuaiitily ol' land llu' iiioiicy. He lavov"! Un' unitui <)|' all tin"

ii) a voKpi>nsil>l<' Conipaiiy to build tlu' load lu' I'rovini'o at on<(' and tin' huildiiiL;' ol' iIh' road,

uiuikl have g-ivi'ii it his support; hut tlii-sc ami supportod tin* ri'M)luti(>ns. Ilnii. Mr, Dcx t-r

hirl

I picdgt'd the conn

ucih'ial resolutions \v

to more llnin it could pei liinii, In* \\ as eonii

III oiM'i 'se

itrv i said tliat the advaniau

ipelled liv hot'

i! \\a^ onlv

if union heiiiL; adniilli'd
I'l to consider the

i|>pose. lion. Mr. Miller dwell on the many
,h1\ anlaucs which had already accrued iVoin
Coiilcder: tioii; and held that it was our dulv to

ilarii'e the union as ra

[lidly

as possible un

itil

terms, and he was iniiti

itislied with ihos

•y

\v ',ii)sed by the (i(i\ eniiiieni lloii. Mr. I)i
thouuhl we had been rather niilbrtunate in oiii
negotiations lor admittinii' new Piovinees ; we

juare mile oj' Drilish territory in North , had paid f-'.On.Ouu for the Nortli-\Ve>l. and

e\i'iy S(

.\iiieiiea was uiiiii'd under one

;-ol

explained

(

•iiLjth the ureal i

loseriini' lit

iioihiii"' lor it; we had oU'ercd \'.\y ii

es(niri'es

of ' terms to Newloum

llritish <'oliunl)ia. iis nnejiiilieeni loresls, rii h

aiKt

and now tin

Uan.l
II

and

oiise w a.«- as

rinee

ke.l I

lid

iii).'ial
w aid

o eoli.sliler

mil

n's, not only of the precious metals but. o| the terms pro|)o>ed lor tli

auinissioii ol

iilish

coal, and splendid lisheries ; and argued that no
lime could be more ravoral>le than the present

loi uiiilint;' with this line I'rovi

nee

e warm I

ail\ ocateii

)uii(iin

tin

railwa

llioiiuht that the advantaiie ol' hav

>'•

ami

Columbia. Ho thoii'jhl 'l w>iuld ha\t' been
i)i'ttcr ii' the (ioveriimeiit had simply ai-reed

)!' the road ihrou-jh
ini'iit had been iiiaih>

lire the buildin

Companies,

but

lis tile n'jrei

mil;'

load he was i)re|>are(l to support the resolutions lion.

rmm the .\ilantic to the racilicon Jh'itish territory , Mr. ('hai)ais der.ii(lc<l ilu

re so

lui

loll?

was so "'real t hat 1 1

•re would be nodilliculi\- i;i ' k'U<>'ll

I, :ui<

I showed that ll

<t of I hi

ll y-reat
I

roa(

aitraclinu' sullieieiit capital to ensure (he success j would be about $'.l4,ilittl.0ii(). He valued the land
of ilie enterprise, without pvossinir too heavily at >il.5i> i>er acre, .so that, even il' the proposed
(111 the resources ol' the Uomiiiion. Hon. Mr. Company only received :;:2.(iiiti,(i()U acres, ii
Sanborn raised the constitutional ol)jerl ion to the I would have !J4S,<)0(),I)()0 worth ol' land, and,
resoliilioiis ihal there was no provision made in with a subsidy of sj,").0()(t.(ii)() Irom the (}o\ern-

no dillicult V

the llritish North Ann'rica .Act I'or the appoint- meiil, he thoU'.ihi there wouh
iiiciii ol' Senators I'rom ISritish Columbia, while , in the Company's raisii
ilic lesolutious allowed thiei' to that Province.
lie ihoULihl that if this railway was a part ol' the

de])at.

was c(nitinue(

I I hi

1
the I

V d:i

)alauce.
and

w as

participated in by Hon. Messrs. Smith. Iloliin

ln|ienai

policy
ind

ouiiht to hav.

iiperial

Mitch

Skead, Ma. I'arl

up[).irt and assistance ; but instead of receivii

ind Flint, who supported tl

vne, I'Litsloicl. lieiison
polic\ ol' tin

OMsiaiice the troops were wilhdrawi

1. and it (io\erninen! ; and Hon. Messrs. S.

vmo

ur. Wark

looked as if we were expected b) sliilt lor our- Ueesor. MacMasier, Christie. McClelan. Odell
OS. He aruticd that the population of lirilish Olivier and .Simpson, who oppo.sec

selV

I it. On Ih
Ciilumltiu — even in(dudin"- Imlians — had been ' lil'th a vote was taken on Hon. Mr. Let.dlier"

Mvally over-estimated, ami the cost of ilie rail- ! amondme'it, w

hi.h

was los

t— V

ea>

!1 ; Nay.'

ly very much underestimated. He put the ' ;i8. Hon. Mr. Sanborn then nn)ved. seconded

iost at not

an $10(1,000,001). am

'd i bv Hon Mr, Ivcsor. to insi'ii the I'ollowiii'.

tile resolutions because In' did m)t consider '• While this II

ollsc desire

U' eallv union ol

llie
\va>

th.iu

onriuon con

rd any siu'h outlay as , British Columbia with the Dominion, and is

required by them Hon. Mr. Macpher.son } ineparod to adopt any plan coiisistani with a

uhl it was ridiculous io .say that Parliament ! prudent and lair I'stiniale of th.' resources of

iiii''mled to incur a liability of |IOii,O0ti,0ii(i ; no this count ry to .se. uro this result, it cannot, with

CMivcriinieiil would be so reckless as to think (d' a due rejjard to our linani'ial ability, com in in

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L'|(»

TITTM;s IlISTOItV OF TIIM ItoMIVIdX oT CAN'AltA.

thi- tcniis set loidi ill suid addit'ss uiul roport,
illll>o^illlJ upon ilii> (lovonuin'iil the iilisolutc
ohliualioii to scruic {\u\ coinplotioii ol' ii niilway
eoiiiinuiiiriitioii liclwt'L'ii I In- I'acili<- (.■oast and
thi- railway system ol' Canada. " l.,ost — Yeas,
21 ; Nays. .'"». JIom. Mr. Saiiliorn. .st'coudcd by
Hon. Mr. l.,foiiard, iiiovi'd tin- lollovviiii:- anifiid-
mi-nl : •■'IMial tin' railway rt'lcrriMl lu in the sai<l
addrL'.>^> and appro\ I'd li't'porl o| llie Donimittoe
ol'lhc I'rivy Counril, should he construolfd and
world'd hy private t'ni('ri)ris(', and not l>y the
Dominion (io\ rrnnicnt, and thai lln- piihlir aid
to bo Liivt'ii to si'diii' thai iindi'ilakinii' should
consist oi' such lil)i'ral grants of land, and .surli
subsidy in money, or other iad, not unduly
prt'.s.sing on the industry and re.sourccs ol the
Dom. ion as the Parliament of Canada shall
hereafter deterniinc. " J.,ost — Veas, -21 ; Nays.
3!l. The main motion to adoi>l the resolutions
was then carried. Yi'as. :5S ; .Nays, I'l. We have
•jiveii thiis chapter iiuirli the character of Parlia-
mentary proceedings, but this has been thought
desirable, inasmuch as the details of the admis-
sion ol' Ihiiish <'()lumbia to the <'oufederation
are not only iniiiortaiil as a sul))ert of refereiu.'e,
but iiistnutive as indieatint;- the manner of the
political growih of the Dominion.

CIIAl'TKK XXI.

(;uvi:i;n knt oi' loki) idsdAi; ahi'.iti.'A-
'fio.v i'.!;t\vi;i:.\ d.n'iwuio AMii>>ri:iii:('.

1.— TlIK I'1!<IVISI().\,-! T^M)1■;U Wlliril TIIK .\l!lil-
Tlf.VfiiltS WKliE .M'l'ilINTKD. — 2. TlIK CVS IC .\.S
I'KKSKNTKI) MY ()NTAI!li). — 'i. TlIK (ASK .V.S I'llE-

SKNTKl) liV Qt;KI!K<'. 1. li!:i'LI KS T(>('VSK.< ]'.\

Cnr.NSKI, Vt>\l HdTII i'um'I.VCKS.— ;■). I.NTEia.ii-
CUTiiJiV .lUIXiMKNT <HVK.\ l!Y A .MA.MIMTY
OK THE AkI',11 i;\Tni;s. — (;. lluN. .IflXlK
J>\Y K'KSIONS. -7. TlIK . KKMAIM.Nd Alllil-
TJtATOUS DKIIDK Til I'liKCKKl). A I'UKl'KDK.NT
1<'U-|||K KlSlIKUIKS AWAWD. — 8. TlIK TKWMS
i>y Till; AW Mil) l)l\!l)l.\(l TlIK DKI'.T, KIAHII,!-
TIKS A.VK \SSKTS. -!j. TlIK (^n.lll'C (loVKll.V-
.MK.NT, AiN'l) liulll llnfsKS ni- TIIK bK(H.-SI,A-

TIIfK, I'liiilKST AilAI.NST TIIK AWAUn.— 10

Siu John A. Mmdo.nai.d dkcides th \t tin

DoMI.NHiN (.JoVKUN.MK.NT II \S No I'oVVKi; hi
I.NIKKKKKK I.N THE MATTKIt. — 11. Mi;. 1'.I.\ke
MoVKS Koi; I'Al'EKS AND ('o|! j;K.>i|'oM)E.N(K. —
1 2. Uesi iLUTIt »NS THAT 1 1 1 K Do M I Mo N V.-.^r \| I .

Tin: wiKjKK DKHT i.\ri;oiii< kd iiy Hon. Mit.

DolildN, AM) 1)K('I,\KKI) OUT OK ol.'DKIi. — 1:',.
Hon. Ml!. DOHIO.N UK.VKWS HIS MoTli'N l-nU

AN Addwkss. — 14. Ski CJkokok l']. Cautiki;

l'KoI»(jSKS AN AMKNDMKNT To THK MOTION. -

l.j. Hon. Mi{. Hoi/rov aiovks an xmkndmknt
Ki.iri\Ai,i;\ r to a motion ok want ok cun-
Kii)KN( K — !((. Synopsis ok thk dkuatk.
Hon. Mii. Hoi/roN's motion dkkkatkd. M
koi;, !•') AOAiNsr. — 17. Other amkni)mi:ni>
i.osT. The CJoveunmknt sustainkh va a

VOTE OK lis TO 40. I

1.— A <|Uestion wliichoccuiiicd a Liood deal ol
public attention at this time, and whiih was lln'
sul)ject of several debates in
Parliament durinii' the session ol »Iimi', i'hc'v'ri'.iin'i.'i'-
Is^M, was the award ol the Arbi-
trators api)ointed tv) determine how the dild nl
the i'rovinee of Can.ida at the time of Confcdcr-
ation should be divided between the I'roviiiio
of (Jntaiioand (Quebec. H will be rememl)en'i|
that the del,, of the Province ol Canada
exceeded the amount to be assume<l by ilir
Dominion, and that su(;h surplus debt wa- to
be divided between the two Provinces.* Tiie
manner in which such division was to be made
was provided for in the 142nd section of tiie ,
Jiritish North America Act, 1S(;7, which is as
follows: '-The division and adjustment of the
debts, credits, liabilities, propt!rti( s and ass(!ls of
Upper Canada and Lower Canada shall be
referred to the arbitrament of three Arbitialors,
one chosen by the (lovernment of ( hitario.
oiK' by the UoveinmciH ol (^hiebec, and one
by the Uovernnu-nt of Canaila, and tlie selec-
tion of the Ari)itrators shall iiol be mail-'
until the Parliament of Canada and the Lc^is-

•|l.v.M'<lM>ii- 112. ni. M., (.Illiu llnti.-h N.illi Auicii.ii .\.l. l->''7- iIh' ,
ili'lilK III Ihi' Ihrco I'l'iiviiici^^' III Ciijiri'ili'i'iiliiiii wrri- [ilin'i'il iil ,JiiL'. •i»i.i«"i I
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Mini liy .MTrniii I l:i iiirliiiii ii.^.^i'ti »m' ilufliirnl In lii^ llio |iiii|ii'ilv nl lln
ri'ovincc III' CitiiHilii.

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'Thillori. I,.l
Ciiiiii. (Jiu'ljuo,
Siilifiidi'-iicncri
counnol lor that

(loVKUNMllXT OF LoKD I,IS(;A[!-- AlililTKATlON IJKTWKKX ONTARIO AND (,»n':i!l-;('. liU

laturcs ol' Ontario and (^urlH'c have met; and j
tht> Arbitrator chosen l)y tho (iovcrnnuMit of
CmikhUi shall nol he a r.'sidi'ni cilhcr in Ontario
or Qncbec." I'ndcr I his authority tho Honor-
able David Lewis Nhuphorson, Senator, was
appointed Arl)itralor on behali oi" Ontario ; the
Honorable Charles Dewey Day on behalf of
(Quebec; and the llonoraljle John Hamilton
Oray, M.P., on bebalf of the Dominion, the date
of the latter appoinlment beini;- *21st March,
18(38. The Honorable John Hillyard Cameron,
Q C, was counsel for Ontario, and Messrs. Lewis
E. N. Casault,* and Thomas ^V. Ritchie, Q.C.,
for Queljee. The cases for the respective Pro-
vinces were stated by printed factums.

J. — By the fiictum presented by tin,' Province
of. intario the whole debt of the old Province of
n,eonso««presentc.,i t'auada at the timeof Confedera-
i,y Ontario. ti,„j ^,..^^ placed at $73,08!),.55:!.92,

and. consequently, the sum to be apportioned
between Ontario and Quebec at $10,5'5!t.o53.!t2
being' the excess over $4)2,500,000 assumed
Itv the Dominion. Schedules were prepared
giving the sums which had been spent on
Local improvements in each Province since
the Union, by which it was shown that
$0,8:33,7;i3.33 had been so spent in Ontario, and
$7,401,046 in Quebec, making- a total of
#17,735,079.52 ; and it was proposed that the
excess at Confederation should be divided in
the same ratio as the whole amount spent for
local improvements bore to the anrount spent
in Ontario. This Avould have made the amount
to l)e charged to Ontario $5,S4"),4]ii.01, and to
! Quebec $4,tJ'J4,137.!>0. Failing the acceptance
i of this proposition an oiler was made to settle
on the basis of population according to the
last census (18G1), which would have given
the amounts as $;),8(l7,7-')8.4:) to be chari>ed to
Ontario, and 14,075,805.40 to Quebcj. Failing
l)0lh of these a third proposition was made that
the excess should be apportioned to the assets
of (iuebec and Ontario, capitalized at six per

•Tlir lion. L. E.X. Casiiult \vn.«iii)|ininti.'ilii Piii.'ne.ruilKOiiflliuSuiicriiir
Ciiiiri, ijiicljt'e, (in L'Tth Slii.v, W7II, iiiid tlu' Mnii. (iciimo Irvini', Ci.C,
l?iilifi!iir-(iom'riil (if tlio I'mvlnCL" ol tiui'liL'i', took liis iiliit'u 118 mie ut' tlie
Odiinsel I'di' lliiit I'niviiico.

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cent.; which would have made Ontario liable
for $5,304,1 84.42 and (Quebec for >;;),23."),3H;i.53.
It was contended that it was fair that the
$10,530,553.02 to be divich'd, should be borne
by the respective Provinces in the proportion in
which they reci'ived monies for local purposes,
and of which the debt formed a part. With
regard to the second proposition it was argued
that this mo(h' of apportionment had been
already adopted by the Parliament of Canada
with respect to the Municipalities Fund, and
the Common School grants. With reference to
the third scheme of division proposed it was
held that this mode could only be used by
agreement, but that it was just in itself, as
these assets arose from and formed part of the
debt of the late Provinci> of Canada, and were
not for general, but local pixrposes ; and it was
added on the part of Ontario that no other
mode of a])portionment than one of the three
submitted could be suu'gested. In the matter
of dividing the assets it was proposed that each
asset should be left in the Province in whi(,'h it
arose. This to be done upon a capitalization of
income for four and-a-half years. The nominal
par value of the assets, as stated in the
schedules, .showed an excess for Ontario
of ''■•2,826,571.40. The proposed capitalization
gave Ontario $30,319.86 more than Quebec.
Ontario claimed all the school lands, as having
been entirely derived from that Province
and also a portion of the Seignioral Tenure
arrangement, amounting to $2,528.10,

3. — Council for Quebec, in setting forth tht'ir
case, first remarked that from the terms of t he
British North America Act, 1867, Th(M-„sc„s,..x....ntc.(i
there was a qut\stion as to '^y *J'"''"^^i''
whether the Arbitrators had jurisdiction of over i
a portion of the assets of the late Province of
Canada. They then contended that it would \
I be manifestly unjust to make any division on
the basis of i>opulation without taking into
account the relative financial positions of the
two Provinces at the time of their union in
1841 ; and also inquiring in whose interest, and
in what proportion, the debt was incurred.
They then proceeded to show that at the time

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212

TrTTFJVS IllSTOliY ()F THK DOMINION OF CANADA.

I of Union the debt of Ui)))?)- Caiuula was

I |r),li2r),77!>..'>4. wliiln that of Lower Caiiiulu (less

' a contini^ont lor Montreal Harbour, which was

; not likely to be ever called I'or) was only

$(!0,)i!iti, aiiaiiisl whii h she had to her credit

Si.'iOj'idii.n, so thai she artiially had a suri>lus

of §1S!1,:;()(!.41, which amount, it was claimed,

should be added lo the debt of I'pper Canada,

; makinii' it $t),ll r),(l;jO.OO. Takim;' the population

; of Upper Canada at that time as 465,377, and

liOwer Canada as (id-S.^oS, ihe counsel claimed

; that Lower Canada was entitled to a debt ol'

I |;8,71 6,082.20, at the time of union, to put heron

'' an e(|Ual I'ootinii' with Upper Canada. Counsel

: claimed that it wa.s impracticable to <yo into the

: origin of the '''bt, so as to show, with any

j degree- of a icy, on whose account it was

; contracted; nor would it be just to take the

! assets as a basis, especially if only a part of

i them was taken into consideration. For

instance, large sums of money were spent on

the roads of Upper Canada, which were sold by

Ihe Government to private companies or to

municipalities for mere nominal considerations.

It was furl her urged that the sums set down as

the value of public works, retained by the

Dominion, may be fairly contested as between

Ontario and Quebec ; to the Dominion they were

worth their presejit value ; but, in determining

the origin of the debt, their cost should be

I considered. Takinsi' all these difficulties into

' coiisideralion, the Quebec counsel arrived at

; the conclusion that the "plainest, easiest, and, it

may be said, the only Just and ])raci.i jable way

of settling the question is to treat the case as

one of ordinary partnership, and apply the

rules which govern the ]>artilic>u of partnership

estate — rules which are the same in the old

I Uoman as in the modern English and French

j law." On this basis, and assuming that the

j Union had been ecjually beneluial, it was held

j that each Province should lirst assume the debt

it had incurred at the lime of union. Lower

Canada had then no debt, and Ul)per Canada

' owed 16,11;"). 08"). 95, which, l)eing charged to

Ontario, would leave $4,o0!),767. 02 to be divided,

or !5;2,]54,8So,'J0, making a total of $8,269,96i».91

of the $10.44:'>,8r).{.87 excess of debt to be
charavd to Ontario, and $2,T.') t,S83.9ti to (Quebec.
l?y dividing the excess, after deducting Upper
Canada's debt at Union fairly in lialf, it was
claimed that Ontario would be s;244,4'.is..52
beller oil' than if the basis of popirlation in ISOl
was taken, and $:!.")7,766.1'-"i better oil' than if
Ihe population of 181)7 was taken. With regard
to assids, the counsel for (Quebec claimed that
those which appear in the slatomeul of liabilities
shcmld be A'iewed in the same light as sums of
money voted for special services, which, not
having been employed, fall into ihe public
chest, and should be adjusted as all other credits,
properties, assets, debts and liabilities. With
respect to Iiulian lands, it was held that, as
Ontario had received the lands and tho arrears
due for those sold, she should be subject to any
claims that may exist on them, and should be
charged with the principal of the aniuuties.

4. — Replies to the claims were put in by each
Province. Counsel for ( )ntario contended that
the Arbitrators had no power to
examine into tln> positions oi the im.uh.^l.i un-hMi
Provinces at the time of the
Union ; but should the Arbitrators dcti>rmine
that they had that power, Ontario would insist
upon iioing into a considin-ation of the origin of
the debts and charges, which counsel for (Quebec
declared to be impracticable. It was claimed
that the Common School and Municipality
Fxmds for Upptu' Canada, as well as certain
balances belonged to Ontario, and should not
be divided as i)roi)osed by (Juebec. With
respect to Indian lands Ontario denied aiy
separate liabilities, on the grounds that the
monies for their sale went into the general
revenue ; and that for the annuities ('hargeable
undt.'r the treaty of surrender made by the lion.
W. B. Itobinson, an express ecjuivalent was
made to Lower Canada by setting apart 200,t)00
acres of Crown Lands for the Indians, and by
an annual charge upon the reA'enue. Counsel
I'or Quebec in their reply contended that if the
basis of local debts was adopted, then the local
debt of Upper Canad.\ at the time of th(> Union,
$5,925,779.50, with interest amounting to

(iOVKRX.UHXT ol' LORD l,lS(i.\l!- AmMTh'ATlOX Iil-;TVVHHN ONTARIO ANH ^iCKlJlK'.

:i;!

$7,')7H,744.6r) oui^lit to })i' added to tho loral
(li'bt ol' Ontario, as well as tho Upper Canada
Improvement Fund, which had no equivalent
in Lower (.'aiiada, and whieh, during the six
years of its existence, amoixnted to $42r),.527.l!2.
That the diil'erenee in the excess ol' the proceeds
ol' the Municipal Loan Fund in Upper and
Lower Canada, amounting to $-),15)2,7t)7.38,
should also be included, w hich sums, together
with the !$Si,833,7:53.:!:! stated by Ontario hersell"
lo be her local debt, would amount to $26,-
iir)(.>,.')r)2.o2. Assuming the ligures ol' ( )ntario
to be correct, this would make the division oi'
tho >J10,53!»,o.-)3.92 to be $8,150,.VJl.34 to Ontario,
and $2,388,lt62..58 to Quebec. On the second
proposition by Ontario that population should
be taken as the basis ol' division, counsel lor
Quebec contended that il would be most unjust
to do so, without considering the resi)ective
liiumcial position ol' the parlies; and I'urther
contended that in the expenditures after the
Union, or iiK.'ident tliereto, much larger sums
were spent on Upper than Jjower Canada. In
the 4th and oth Vic, chaps. 28, 34, 44, 40 and
50, the sum of $lJ,704,l.')7.18 was voted for
Upper Canada and $71'), 91)8. 88 lor Lower
Canada. But the population of Lower Canada
at that time was one-half larger than that of
Upper Canada, and, if population had been
taken as a guide, tin? share of appropriation of
Lower Canada would have been $9,55-'),18').58,
from which should be deducted the amount
actually appropriated, as given above, $715,-
9(J8.88, making a diil'erenee of i 8,839,210.70.
Add to this the disjjroportion of the debt,
$8,715, t'loO. 00, and th(( simple interest on Upper
Canada's debt at the time of the Union, |7,578,-
744.05, it would make a total of $25,133,5111.95
in favor of Ontario. Counsel for Quebec held
that this immense disproportion could not be
ignored, whi<'h it practically would be if the
second proposal of Ontario was accepted. The
third proposition of Ontario was considered
even more rinjust aiul misound than the two
others, and ac(jordingly rejected. In reply to
the pretension of Ontario with respect to the
school lands, Quel)ec replied that it was utterly

untena])le in the lace of cap. 20 ol the Consoli-
dated Statutes, creating this trxist. The Budiict
speech of the Treasuna- of Ontario, was also
cited to prove that this fund is one in which
the Provinces have proportionate interest. As
to the claims arising out of the Seignorial tenure
arrangement, (Quebec contended that ample
compensation was at the time made to Upper
Canada; and that if (Quebec were really more
generally l)eneiited by that Legislation than
Ontario, that beneiit is nothiui;- to set against
the $7,578,744.05 paid by United C^inada, for
the del)t with which Upper Canada came into
the union in 1841 ; for the $3,192,7<)7 excess
received by Upper Canada from the municipal-,
ities firnd, another $425,572.02, which Upper
Canada drew from the imi>rovement fund —
these three sums amounting to $11,197,039.05.*
5. — On the 9th of July, 1870. an interlocutory
judgment was rendered by a majoiity of the
Arl)itrators, Hon. Messrs. Cfray i„,„,,„,„,„y
and Macpherson. the Hon. Mr. S;ii;'.';,r,t;t," ''^' ''
Day dissenting. The substance '^'^^''"^"''■
of the interlocutory judgment was (1) that tlie
Union did not create in fact or in law any parl-
nershij) between Upper and Lower Canada.
(2) That it was beyond the power of the Arbi-
trators to enter into any consideration of the
debts and (•'■edits of the Urovinces at the time
of the Union in 1841. (3) That the division of
the surplus debt beyond the $02,500,00i), for
which by the 112th Section of the British
North America Act, 1807, Ontario and Quebec
are made jointly liable, should be made on the
l)asis of the origin of the different items of the
del)t incurred by the creation of the assets
named in the 4th Schedule to that Act, and
shall be ai)porlioned between the two Pro-
A'inces as the same may be judged lo have
originated for the local lienefit of cither ; and
where it appears that an asset was created for
the l)enelit of both Provinces, then the debt
incurred for that asset shall be equally divided
between them. (4) That in ca.ses where the

• In stiiMiiK the i'ii.«ei> nnd eoiintor cases of C(mn.''cl fur the two I'ln-
vln.('.<, wi! hiivo (!ii|iio(Ivei'y hiri-'ely from the oxeflleril i'"iir|cnyiili"ii ol'ilie
fnrtuins ivhieli upiieared in I he )'•«. Hmih for 1X71, |«iL'e 111.

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214

TCTTLKS HISTORY (»!•' 'I'lIK DOMINION OP CAXADA.

(Ichl (loos not come within the purview ci' the
\\h Srhcdull', ivi'di-nco siuill lie li;i(l to its
origin. (")) That the assets cnuuu'ratL'd in the
itli Sehcdulc to he the i^'operly ol' Ontario and
(^>uel)er conjointly, sliali l)e <livi(k'd or allowed
on ihe sanii' basis, (t!) Tnat the expenditure
made in the creiiliou o[' the assets shall l)e
taken as their vahie. and where no asset is left
the amount paid sliall be taken as the amount
of debt incurred, the Arbitrators to enter upon
the |)olicyor advantages oiexpenditureor debts
incurred.

(i. — The lion. Mr. Day dilh;red so entirely
i'roni his lolleaa-ucs as to the justice of their ,
lion ,rii<J«<! Uu.v award that he saw no chance of
"■*''""'• tiieir dilferences beinsi' adjusted,

and, therefore, deemed it to be his duty to
resitiii. which lie did on tlie '.'tli ol'July, statinj"-
to tlie Hon. r. J.U. t'hauveau, I'rovincial JSecrc- ,'
tary of (Quebec, his reason for so doin<^.* At the li
same time Hon. Mr. Day sulnnitted a written
protest and a lonu' argument in favor of his
views. In his protest he pointedly neuatived
all the allegations in the. judgment of the majo- l|
rity, and u'ave what he considered ouiiht to I'
have been the judunient of the Ar)»it raters,
fvom which we take the following extract, as

iving the gist of his o])inions : — '' The Arbi-
irators are of opinion that the propositions
sidjmitted in behalf of the Province of Ontario |
do not, nor does either of them, furni.sh any i
legal or sullicient rule or just basis for such
division and adjustment ; and they do award
and adjudge that the said division and adjust-
ment ought to be made according to the rules
which govern the partition of the debts and
property of associations known as Universal

.\IuNTrir:Ai..'.i|l] .[uly.lKTO.
'Sir,— I liiivc till' liiiiiDr nf triin.sinil'iiii.' lnM-uwiili my ri'.siKiwaiun nl'
tlic iiplJiiiutiiii lit nf .Avliilriilor. uinli'i- lliu 1 1'-'iul Suclinii (if (ho Urilicli
N'nrtli Aiiiorii'ii Ac;l. I'^'iT; I il(i .■•o willi n.'m'ct, Imt I am siili.^licil I'rciiii
llic broiLdiiml iiiic'ini'oiviililf clifViTenccs of <>|iinioii wliicli e.\isl bi'twucn
niy colli'iicucs ami iiiy.-i'll'ini |pniiii> nCi -^I'litiiil iinimrtiiiige, tlial 1 lariiint
hope to he of any I'lirlhiT M'l-vict' in llic liiisine.'if of ai-hilration. The
(•inir.-e uiiieli tlifv propo.«(^ to follow appi ar.-^ tti inu m-cossurily to icail to
threat itijii.'ticc. ainl is .<o erdircly contrary lo iiiy oonviction of wl at tin*
puljlic iiitere^^ls re(|Uire, tiuU. I raniiot <M)nciir orcon.'^eiit to tiike jiait in it.
1 have llio liontir to hv, sir,

Viair most ohotlient servant,

IIIAI!l,i;s l>. DAV.

To till. linn. I'. .1. O, ClIUVKVf,

I'rciviiieiHl Seoroliir.v. iVc.,, Ao., Ac

Partnerships, in so far as such rule can l)o
made tvt apply ; and tlie Arbitrators havinii' al.sn
heard counsel for the Provinces of Ontario ami
<v*uel)ec respectively upon tlie objection laailc
in behalf <)f tlie former Province to thi» • juii.s-
diction and authority' of the Arbitrators id
iiKjuire into tiie state of debts or credits of ilic
Provinces of I'pper and Lower Canada, prior in
the Union of 1S41, or to deal in any way wiili
either the debt or credit with which cither
Province came into the Inioii at that time, and
duly considered the same, are of opinion that
the said objection is unfounded, and tlun' htnc
authority, and are l)oun(l by the provi.sions (jI'
the .said Act to inquire into the state of the
debts and credits of the Provinces of Upper
Canada and Lower Canada existing at the time
of the Union of 184L"

7 — The (Quebec tiovernmeiit tit once aece[itetl
.ludge Day's resignation, and on the same day
it was sent in (Hth July) passed Thi' r.m lininf.-

, . , , . , 1 .' . • . .\roilr.iiors .Ir.-iile to

an Order-in-t ouiicil, oliiecting to proici..i. a

■' "^ prio.Mlonl lor I lie

the lion. J. U. trra} as one ot tisheriisawani.
the Arbitrators, on the ground that he had bei>ii
for more than a year jiast a resident in Ontario
while the 142nd section of the Ih'itish Noriii
America Act, under which he was appointed,
provided that the .Arbitrator appointed uy the
Dominion should not be a residt nt o! either
Ontario or Quebi'c * Ajiplication was ac 'onl-
ingly made to the (!overiior-(ieneral to appoint
another Arbitrator: and a copy of the Order-iii-
Councilof the (Quebec I'^xecutive Council servetl
on the Hon. Mr. Grray, notifying him of his
■ disqualilicatitm, and of Hon. Judiie Day's resig-
nation having been accepted. The Crovernor-
tieneral, however, did not take the same view
of the Hon. Mr. Gray's dis(iualihcatioii as the
Quebec Uovernnient. and he was continued in his
olFice. Notwithstanding' the resignation of the
Hon. Judge Day, and the protest of the (iuehec
Government against the Hon. Mr. Grray, ihe two

I • The Ilio'. .Tohii lliiniilloii (iray wii.« iiiemlier of Parliament for the
City ami County of St. .ioliii, N. 11., and was a resident of that City at tin'
j time of his appointment: lint, haviii).' lieeii eiiKaKed liy the lloniinioii '
(loveriiment to prepare the law.s of the IMovinees for coililiiMlion, lie ^

; removeil lo llllawn, where he resided for some time. 'I'lie |i inioii ,

I (ioveinmeiit apparently did not eonsider the i-hamri' of reriileiiei'
I ili 'MKiililieil him, ii.s he was not removed froiii the CominLtsiun. '

(iOVKIJX.VKNT or LOni) LISCIAH— ARHITFfATlOX BETWEKX ONTAIIK) AND i,>r KISIX". 215

ivinaiuiiig Arbilnitors dfuiclcd that tlioy still
])()Ssos,si'(l tuitliority to proccfd in the inatt(M', and
ilid >o pvocei'd, thus layiim' down tln" priiicipl''
iliMl, 'II cases of Avl)iti'alioii, I In- majority of the
Avl>itrators liavi' a ritiht to Liodii and linisli their
award, o> on il' the minority not only protests
i,ut retires altoiicther. Tlie i)rint;iple was very
iiuuh (juestioned at the time, and the Hon. Mr.
Gray, who maintained it, was severely criticised ;
hut, his conduct lieinu' subsequently sustained
by llie hi;^heslli>ual authoritii's ii. England, may
serve as a very uselul precedei t in the case of
tlie fisheries award made at llalilax durinii' the
.sunimcr ol' 1ST<S, u hen e.\ccption was taken by the
American Oovcrnment to the award or$5,")00.(i(l0
to Canada because it was not unanimous,
and whiili c:ase remains unseltled as we write,
li is certainly tlic common sense idea that, il'an
iiiii'ven num1)er ol' persons are api)oiuted to
deride a tliini:', the very object of making- the
number uneven is to secure a majority, the
iiilerence beiim' tliat the majority should rule ;
l)Ul law and common si'use do not always
uianag'c to get alonii' well toii'ether, and it some-
times hapi)cns that what is very g-ood law is
very doubtful common sense. The judgment of
llie majority of Arbitrators, and the protest of
.ludge Day. had been made in Montreal; ))ut,
alter the resignation of the latter, an injunction
was granted by the Superior Court at Quebec,
icslrainingthe other Arbitrators from takingany
further proceedings, and Messrs. Gray and
Macphevson transferred tht> scene of their labors
to Toronto, so as to be beyond the jurisc'iction
of the (Quebec Courts, and there, on tlie -"ith of
August, issued the following notice: "The
undersigned Arbitrators have adjourned the
proceedings cf the Ari)itration to AVednesday,
th" ITth August, at 2 p. in., at Osgoode Hall,
Toronto, and the (lovcrnments of the I'lovinces
of (Quebec and Ontario are notilied that, iiot with-
standing the writ of prohil)ition served upon
the Arl)itrator.v, tne undersigned will proieed
witii the con.sideration of the matters of the
Arbitration on the day and the jdace above-
named, peremptorily. Signed I). Macpher.son, J.
H. dray."

X. — Th(^ arbitrators did meet as announced.
and completed their labor.> on the -Ird of Sep-
tember, when they made their n,,. i,.,.,,,,. ,,, h,.-
award, which was, in sul)stanci'. iiH^li.;';'!-';;'^,;!;;;
as follows; They deridi'd that ""''"■
the Arbitrators were not called on io lix w liat
the amount of the del)t in excess of !S(;i2..")00.nO(l
was, but simply to say in what i>roportion such
excess should be divided; this they did on the
basis of taking the amounts spent for lorai pui'-
poses in each I'rox iiee ami apiiortioning tin;
debt in the same I'atio. 'fhis aniounl w.is found
to l»e sls,.".S7,.')20..')T. of which i#'.»,S(is,T2-;.02 was
chartieable ro I'pper Canada, and >;>->, TTS.7'.i2.").j
to Lower Canada — or in other words, tliat Ontario
should bear nine-si'vnteenths of the excess, and
Quebec, ciLihi-seventcnlhs.')^ The award u'ave
to Ontario the followiuL;' assets, l)i'l)i from ri)per
Canada Huilding fund $-'.i;.800; Delii from
the \a\\v Society, Upper Canada, $!•')(>, Olo.lil :
Debt from the Consolidated Municiiial Loan
l'"und. Upper Canada, 80.7!*2,l:;tl.:5it ; Debt from
the Agricultiiral Society, Upper Canada, $4,000 ;
Del)t from University Permanent Fund. si. 220.-
l);], makinu' a total ol s(i,!ll(a,172.t;.! ; aiul to
Quebec the foUowinu' assets, Di'bt from Aylm^r
Court-house, $3,2:iii.7(i; l)<'bt from Montreal
Court-house, $114,i31H).21 ; Debt from Kamour-
aska Court-house, s201.27; Debt from McOill
College, i|7,7!iO; Debt from Consolidated
Municipal Loan Fund. Lower Canada, s2,!>:l!»,-
42!'. 98 ; Del)t Superior Education l-'und (Legisla-
tive Grant) !s2S.41>4.7;> ; Debt (iuel)ec Fire Loan
!;i;2i>4,2.')4.l).") ; Debt Temiscouata Advance Ac-
count, is!;!,(»0(); Debt I'^dueation Oliiee, (l']ast),
$2'.M) ; Debt from IJuildinu' and .hiry l-'und,
$llt!,475.ol ; Debt from Muni<ipalities Fund,
L. C., !ii;4S4,244..'3(i ; Debt from Lower Canada
Superior Education I'"und, $:'.34,2Sl.4ti ; Debt
from Montreal Turnpike Trust, ^jlSS.OOO, making
a total of s!4,:584.2!i7.83. With regard to the
Montreal Turnpike Trust, which was guaranteed
by the rroviiice of Canada, and the interest on
which had so far been met by the Trust, it w as
ordered that in the event of any claim under

• 'I'HkiiiK llic iwci'ss ;is .'i^li'.Miii.iKHi. iiiii.iric »nu|,| 1.1- <li;iri.'i'.| vviili
$:i,")|0,lKI2, iiikI iJ.icIicc .S,,ii.V,i,ni7.

;<r f

!■!

"' ;

i^ i i

'( «i

ii i;:/' I

liKi

Tl TTLH'S llISTOIiV Ol" TIIK T>OMI\l()N OF ('.\.\AI».\.

Muh niiiiiiiiitt'c ,iii>iii'i .iLiaiiist thf DoraiiiioM,
(^uclicc was to make tin' siiinc i>oo(l to tho
Doiniiiioii. Till' award dividt'd the Special or
Trust Funds, and tiic moneys thereby j>ayable,
inchidinu' the se\eral payn>ents in respect
to the same or any ol' them, as lollows:—
To Ontario — Upper Canada (Irannuar School
Fund: Upper Canada r>uildini>' Fund; I'pper
Canada Munirii)alilies I'und : Widows" Pension
and Uncommuled Stii)eud, I pper Canada, sub-
ject to the payment of leual charges thereon;
Upper Canada Grrammar School Income Fund ;
Ui>por Canada Land Improvement F^und ;
Balances ol" Special Appropriations in Upi)er
Canada; Surveys ordered in Upper Canada
Ind'ore the •"'iilth ol' June. lS(i7 ; and the amount
by Ontario to Canada Land and Immigra-
tion Company. To (Juel)ec — Lower Canada
Superior Education l<"und ; Lower Canada
Superannuated Teachers' Fund; Lower Canada
Normal Scliool Jhulding Fund ; Widow.s'
Stipends and Uncommuted Stipend, subject to
all leLial idiarges thereon ; IJalances ol" Special
Appropriations in Lower Canada; and the
Surveys ordered in Low^er Canada bei'ore June
30th, 18(17. It was ordered that $]24,6Su.l8
should b(> taken from the Common Sciiool
Fund as held on the OOth of Juu(>, 1M1. and
transferred to the credit of the Upper Canada
ImprovcnuMit Fund, being one-c^uartcr of the
amount received by the ProMUce of Canada on
account of Common School Laiuls sold between
the 14th of June, 185:!, and the 0th of March,
18(11 ; that thi' remainder of the Common School
F'und (amounting to ••Jl. 008,5811. 2:') .shall be
held by the Dominion of Canada, and the
revenue derived therefrom shall be appro-
priated between the Provinces ot Ontario and
Quebec as is directed by section 5, chapter 20
Consolidated Statutes of Canada, with regard
to the 8200,000 mentioned in that section.
Any monies ri'ceived by Ontario since Con-
federation on account of Common School F^ind
to be turned over to the Dominion and treated
in same manner as above, Ontario being-
entitled to retain six per cent, for sale and
management of said lands; and on any lands

.sold l)etween 14th of June, 18,'):!, and Olli of
March, 180L and paid I'or after Confederation,
Ontario to retain one-<iuartcr for the U|)p(.r
Canada Improvt-ment Comi)any. The Crown
Land Suspense Fund ($112,748.03) was a
balance standing in the books of the ImIo
Province to parlies who had paid in money on
ac<-ouut of lands which they never yot. It was
said to consist chieily ol bad bookkeepini>'. but a
portion of it, as a mattei' of fact, being payable
away for refunds, it was not included in the
debt of the lat(> Province. The Arbitrators
order that ca<h Province shall satisl'y the
(hums nnide upon it arising in resi)ect of lands
situate in it. In the Crown Lands Department
there was a sum of !§2.')3,0H!t.7(), which consisted
ot defalcations by Crown i^ands .Vgent.s, &c.
Itespectiiiii' this amount, the Arbitrators order
and direct that each Province^ shall be entitled
to collect and get in what it can, and retain i'er
its own use all monies in this account which
have arisen or may arise in respect of lands
sitiuited within its own limits. With regard
to the Montreal Ilarlwr bonds, amounting to
8481,420.27, which were guaranteed by the
Province of Canada, and the interest on which
had been regularly i)aid by the Montreal
Harbor Commissioners, it was ordered that in
the event of any demand being made on the
Dominion on account of this debt, it shall he
met by the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec in
the same proportion a.s the surplus debt was
dividi'd. The award de<lares that neither Pro-
vince has any <daim upon the other in respect
to Indian annuities, and concludes with a decla-
ration that the Arbitrators have adjudicated
upon all matters l)rought bei'ore them by
Quebec. Ontario, aiul the Dominion, and
referred to them by the Tmperial Act.

it. — The award was made in triplicate, one
copy being forwarded to the Secretary of Stale
for Canada, and one each to the Thrcjneime

ft , f I \ I • 1 (luvurntncnt. anil

{jroveruments ot Ontario and i,i.ih mou.-us.i thr

„ , Ti. J. 1- I- l.i;i,'i>'latiiru. pniloft

Quebec. It gave great satislac- awiin.-'t tiio award.
tion in the former Province, but was propor-
tionately displeasing to the latter; and the
Executive Council, on the 12th of September.

tliu award.

(iOVKIJN.MI'.NT ol' Lol.'D [-iStiAi; A l!l?rn;.\TI( )N r.K'I'WKI'.N oNTAKlo AM> \'l i;i!i;c I'lT

passed ail Order pr •stitm- aiiiiiiisl tlit^ "so- j
lulled awiird," iiud dccliucd its iiiti'ution <>l'
i ri'sistiiiii' its t'lirDiccnu'Ut l)y t'Vi'vy li'Uid nifans.*
Tliis protest was I'orwiirded (o the Secreliiry of
Stale lor tlie Pioviiiecs dii I Mh ol' Se])teml)er ;
;iii<l alter ihe lueetiii'^' dl' the (^iiehec l>e<>isla-
liire. ii joint Addi'ess to tlie (ro\('riior-(<eiieral
was adopted liy hnth Houses, protestiu"'' against

' ' C.iin ■■/ •! ,ri,„rni/ II Ciiiiiullt. ifl llf II, ,11, , r-il'h thi- f:,,, III h-i I'mimil
(i;i/l.'.n il hil III! /,;, III, iimil-O' .r. /•il"i- lit I '•nun 11 „it I'n Vllh \,;.(. nil,, ,; 1S7".

Oil lliii in'uluhili'il jikIkiiiciiI or uwanl ri'inli'icil iiinl lUMcli' hy lliu IliUi.

.1. II. limy mill thu lluii. ]>. L. .Miicplu r- In'<> of tin- Ailiiinitors

ii|i|>HiiitiMl to ilut'iilu its tu (lit' divi:sii>n mill iiil.iitstuit'tit of tliu lU'lit.-',
cri'tlil'-. liilliilitii'.-. Acv . tii' I'ltitLT iiliil Ij'iwt-'r Ciill.-nLi.

Till' Hum mil ill; the 'rri'ii><iiivi' nf llii' I'niviiii'f, in his Ki<|ii>rt. 'hil"<| ihi.
mil Si'|p|fiiihi'i- iiisliinl Il'>7n), lii'ls li.rth, thiil ii nipy nl' >i iiicUMnlrcl jiiiIl'-
iilflil nr iiwiinl mi<li'rr<l aiiil iii;t<lt- hy tlii' lliili. .1. Tl. I li'ii.N :inil tlii> linn.
1). I,. Miir|ihiMsiiii, lw(i III till' Arliilniliir.i niniijinliMl t" ili'iiilr ji." In llio
ilivisiiin mill ,iil.iiistiin'ii( ul' the ilt'lit.^. crcilitf', lijiliilitie-. i.ii.iM-itii-.-i. mnl
iissclj 111' t'lipiT eaniiilii iinil Lnwur I'liiiuJii, hciiriiiu ihilr nl Tiiriiiitn, the
lliinl iliiy 111' So|ili'iiilicr iii,<liiiil, iiiid siain'il hy llif sniil iiiiilin'i, liiii hiii'ii
I'unviirdeil tu the lliiiinriilili' I'nn iiii:ial ."'^i.'ci'i'tiiry I'ur lliu inrnriiiiiliDii of
till' Qiirhcc lliivi'i'iiiiii'iit.

That, iiiiisiiiiii'li a.i the tiiu'la-c (Invuriiiiu'iil h;i\t' iilroaily. Iiy intiiiiatinii
III tht' KeiliTal (iu\i'rniiioiit, am] liy Ii'(<al |'roL'iM'i|iiii:.s lit.-1'urc thu law
Iriliiiiials III' till' t'liiiiilry, iinitt'sU'il apiiii.'^t tiiu siiiil twu .Arhilralnr.^
priit'L-edin*! with thu Jirliilriiiinit when thiTt' wa,-* im .VrhitiMtur aiijininti'il
liy tin' PriiviiK'i' iif tjiii'lic'c. ainj at-Miii-t any turthi'r acti"" nil flic part nl'
thu >,iiil liiiii. .1. II. lii-iiy. nil ai'iHiiinl ami hueaiLJO nl' hi.- siiliiiB in the
I'i'i.viiu'e III' Ontario, aRaiiii't the Inie spirit ami intent of the liriti.ili
.\iirtli Aiiieriea Aet ol' IsiiT; nnil, iiiayiniieh as the liucbee (invernmeiit
iliil nut mill lines not aeknnwIeiU'e the rixlit iit' Ihe saiil two Arliilrators,
ji'intly to net, or ol' the saiil llmi. ,1. II. llray. imlu iiliially to ait in Ihe
premises, anil that all ihe aet-s aii'l prneeeilin^'s of any kiml whatsnexer
tiail iir ilniie U\ tlieiii, nr either iif ttieiii, are illei^al. null ami voiil, anil nf
nil Inri-e or elVei-t \vlial-oe\i'r in I.iw nr e<|iiil.\-.

i Ami, inasmiii'h as the s.iiil preiemleil jiiiUnient or awanl (even if ihe
.saiil two .\i'lii!ralnis li.iil a riclil In aet willnait all Arbitniloi for the Pro-
vinec of liiieliee, mill if the saiil lion. . I. II. (fray were mil ilisi|iialilieil hy

! Iinv from sitlinif iir aetiiiK as Arhitrator) is iii.iiiife.»tly unjust to the Pro-
vince of (inehee, ami iiianilesily ami elearly icmli'reil ami niaile in the
iiiter«si.s of Oritaiiii, t^iiehei' haviiiji Inn larKC ii iiortion of the surplus
ilebt In pa.v, mill heiiii; .iwarilej less than her just ami eipial .share of the

I assets menlioneil in saiil Uritish Xurlli Aiiieriea Aet iifl.siiT, it is lliereliire
iinjl't, illet:al. nnil ami viiiil.

Till' lliinnr.ilile 'fri'asurer, therefure. ri'eniiimenil.s that, on helialf of
the liui'liee (Jn\ erninent, ;i ilespateh he fnrw.irileil to the Keileral Hovern-
nieiit, priilesIiiiK a^'ainst any I'nree or vatiiliiy beini; t:ivcii In the saiil pre-
lenih'il jmli-Miienl or awanl nf thu saiil two Arbilralors by the Keileriil
aiillinrity, mnl ailvisiinr of the intention of the t^uehei- 1 io\ eminent tn
iiplieal I'nr reilres.s ami jusliuc in every eiinstitiiliniial iiinde wliieh it is
the prtvih'L'e of Uritish subjeets of the Ilritisli (.'rnwii to exercise when
snlferiiii; iimlur in.iiistiee nr wrninr fnnii the liainis of any.

The Unnnrahle Treasurer alsn ri'Oi'innieials that the reieipt nf the saiil
preteiiiK'il .iniUiiient or award I'rniii Ihe said twn .Arhitratnri be aekntiw-
k'llKeil. at the smiie time prnlestiin-' iiLrainst it as nut beitin reiidurud and

iii'iile in »,' 1 lailh, or in arennlanee with l.-tw mnl eipiily, ana as beiiiir

niiinifestly rendered mid iiiade in the interests nf Oiitaiin and the pre-
jmlii'e nf (Juebee ; and Ihe s.iid Arbitr.itors, being duly mlilied by thu
tiiiehi'e liiivcrnineiil of the nbjeetions lakeii iind held pieviniis to their so

' aetiiiK without Ihe .Vrbitralor I'rnni Uueliue, that their judiJinunt oraward
is nail and void, mnl not reeiiisnisud as valid by the (lovurniiieiit of
(Jiiebee.
The Coinmittcu concur in thu foreKniiiu report and siibinit the same I'nr

, the liienlennnt-tiovi'rnor's approval.
Certiliud.

(SiKiied), FKLIX R)iniF;it,

Clerk E.xecutivu Couneil.

the uni'airuess ol' the award, and pruyinn' lor
justice in the premises. This Address was
forwarded on Ihe 22ii(l of Deeeinher. and in it
it was urijed that the aw ard was null ami void
on the urotinds that it oimht to have heen
unanimous to maUe it valid; that the Hon.
.1. H. (Iray was disi|ualilied from artini'- on
the Commission liy his resideiiie in Ottawa;
that (^uehec had withdrawn Irom the arbitra-
tion, and was not in anyway represented, either
by counsel or otherwise, at the time of the
" ju'etended" award ; and that the award was
manifestly made in the interest of Ontario to tlu'
prejixdice of (Juebec. The latter objection was
thus stated: "That ihe inju.stice of the stiid
protended award is evident, from the same
havini>' been rendered wholly in the interest of
the Province of Ontario, and from the fact that
while Messrs. (tray and .Maipheisou refused to
take into i oiisicb-ratioii the lelative liiiancitil
l^ositions ol the two Provinces at liie time of the
Union, they have taUen into consideration the
object and nature of certain items of expendi-
ture as haviiiii' beiMi incurred in one or the other
section of tlie Province of Canada from the
l)eriod of the Inion to Confederation ; that the
said pretended award is further unjust, inasmuch
as he division of the credits, i)roperties, and
assi s of the late Province of Canada does not
evi" ed i;pon the same basis and principles

as vhich ajipear to have been adopted in

relaiio. > Ihe division ol the balance of tiie
debt, and do(»s not rest upon any principle what-
soever, but is purely arbitrary, and favors the
Province of Ontario at the expense of the
Province of (Quebec ; that lastly the provisions
of the said pn>tended anard fully justify the
apprehensions of the distinyuished lawyer
selected by this Province as its Arbitrator, and
the lirm and independent lineof conduct which
he adopted in the interests of justice. That the
said prt^endecl award is al)solutely illeual, null,
and void, for the reasons hereinbefore set forth,
and also as having been rendered by two
Arbitrators, who, by the resignation of their
colleague, remained without any power or
jurisdiction, and that therefore the intentions of

^^ I ^

II Ml:

l|l.|

(Tlil

J i

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TI"ITI,i;s IlISTol.'Y OF TIIK Do.MIN'lOX oP f'AN'ADA.

SirJi.lm A.
.Mll<'il,>ii:il.| <l(<<'i<l('^
Hint Ihc |)uiMini<iji

lioVlM'IIIIIUlit ll!l.« IJi>

|iii\V(M- til inluireii; in
till' iiinllcr.

the MritiNh Norlli Aiiii'iica Act Iimvi- iiol Ix'on
I carried out. and im \iili<l title luis ln't-ii coiilerri'd
, upon t'illii'r I'l-ov iuce in relatiDh to llie credils,
: pn>i>eilii's, iind uss.'ls, wiiidi it was llie duty ol'
I the said Ai-l)itnitor.s Id apportion luul divide
I between tile I wo Provinees."

1<>. — The <|Uesli()nso[' the award, protests, iVe.,
were rel'crred lo the Minister ol' .lustiee,
who, on I he 'JTth l^'ehnary, 1ST I,
sul)inittod a iMenioran<linii lo
the Privy ('duncii. whieh was
adopted, in whieh it was ad\ ised
that the Dominion (lovernnieiil eonld not take
action in the niatt'.n-. Alter recount ini;' the
apiiointnient ol' llie Arhilrators, iS:c.. as <ji\('ii
above, the niemoiandum concludes; "The ease
now stands thus; — The Governiuenl ol' Ontario
maintains the validity ol' the award ; the
(u)vernment oi' (^ueliec contends that it is
altog-ether illeual and void, and declares its
intention ol' appcalinu' lor redress and justice
in every constitutional mode, and the Leuislature
ol' (Jiue])e also protesting ag'ain.st its validity,
asks the Governor Cxeiieral to adoj)! measures
to protect the riuhts ol' that Province. Now the
I trovernnient of Canada has no power or means
of iiilerveniiiL;' between the parties, orenl'orcing
the award as valid, or .setting it aside as invalid,
or ol' Liianting the redress, or the measure ol'
protection sought for by the Legislature of
Quebec. It is I'or the (iovernmeiit ol' Ontario,
ir it de.sires to enforce the aw ard, to take .such
i steps as it may be advised that the law allows
; for that purpo.se, and it is lo' the Province of
Quebec to take the necessary leual steps to
resist any action on the part of that of Ontario.
If the question of the validity of the award
: becomes a matter of litinatiou either Province
will have the power of carrying it by appeal
from the decision of any inferior tribunal to
the .Tiidicial Committee ol the Privy Council as
the Court of last re.sort. If the Governments of
the two Provinces were to agree on a statement
or special case, with the view of siibmitting the
I question of the validity of thi^ award to the
Jitdicial Committee, it would be the duty of
His I'^xcellency the Governor General, on being

prayeil so to do, to transmit stich spoeial case
to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, with a
retpiest liiat it shall i)e submitted to sucji
.iudic ial Committee for their opinion, tuider tiie
1th clause of tiie Imperial Act, '5 and I William
IV, chap H. If the two (rovernnients do inii
agree tipon a joint submission of the case, ji
will be in the jxiwer ol' either (rovernineiil in
jiiay Her Majesty to refer the ca.se, as statcil
by it. for the oiiinion of the .Tiidi( ial Coiniiiiltei'
As it is obvious that if the Go\ ernor-in-C()un<il
were to assume to decide the (juestions in
dispute, the Province aiiainsl whom su' li
decision would be given wtuild not accept or
submit to it. and as such decision would have
no legal force whatever, the undersiuiird
recommends that no I'xpression of oi)iiiion lie
iiiven by Ilis li-vcellency-in-Couiicil. and for the
same rea.sons the undersigned refrains from
making any report on the leiial tjuesiion-.
Under present circumstances and until the
(]uestioiis raised respecting the award are settled
by judicial decision, the undersigned is of
oi)inion that no aition with respect to it can
properly be taken by the (iovernor-in-Couneil.
John A. Macdonald."

11. — Of course, so important amatter ailracled
the attention of the Dominion Parliament at an
early date; and, on the :23rd of
rebruary, Mr. Llake moved luip^nMr-niMi
'• Ihat an address be presented
to His I'^xcellency for copies of all correspondence
between the Canadian and Quebec Governmeiils.
and Canadian and Ontario Governments, touch-
ing the Provincial Arbitration and award ; and
a cojiy of the award, and an approxiiuaie
statement of the results of the accounts, as
between Canada and each Province, on the
1st day of Feburary, 1871, adjusted on the
footing of the award." Mr. Godin moved, in
amendment to strike out that portion of the
motion following the words " and a coi)y of the
award.'" Mr. Fournier moved in amendment
to the amendment, that the following be added :
'■That in the opinion of this Hou.se the question
relative to the division of the debt between the
Provinci's of Ontario and Quebec having been

(iOVKIfNMKNT OF LOUD MSfJAI}— AIJHITI.'ATIOX HKTWKKX ONTARIO AND (^I'KltKf. 2H»

Kul>initt('<l to and adjiulicntctl uimhi by two
Arl)ilrator3 only, ono appointed by thu Dominion
(rovi'innii'nt and th(> other l>y the Government
of Ontario, — in the al»sence ol' the Arbitrator ,
Hppointed by the (rovernmont of (Quebec, their j
award is not bindin<r npon the respeetive '
I'rovinco.s." He said thatany hiwyer know that ;
ill cases of arl)itration it was necessary for all j
the Arbitiators tol)e present when the evidence
was taken, and, fnrther than that, he held that
it was necessary lor the award to be txnanimous
to make it valiil. Sir John A. Macdonald said '
that the amendments were prematvire as the
Hunse did not know ollicially what the award
was nntil the pai)ers were l)ronuht down. He i
promised there should be no deltiy in brinuing *
thorn down. Mr. Joly complained of the
indiU'eronce shown by the Dominion Govern-
ment which had taken no notice of the protests
of the Quebec Government beyond mere formal
acknowledii'ments. Mr, Ulak(> could not agree
with Mr. Fournier's amendment becau.se he
believed the House had no power to deal with
the matter. The House was not competent to
say whether the award was good or not ; but he
believed that the Government was bound to
abide by the award itntil it was shown to be
bad, and, therefore, it was important that the
House should know the financial position of
each Province as shown by last payments by the
Dduiinion ; and he tould not agree to have the
last part of his motion struck out. After a
short discussion in which it was urged that it
was premature to discuss the competence or in-
competence of the House to deal with the question
until after the papers were brought down, the
debate was adjourned; and, on being resumed,
on 28th, the amendments were withdrawn.

12.— On the 1st of March Sir George E.
Cartier laid the papers on the table. (All the
information contained in the
papers has been given in pre-
ceding paragraphs). On the
acciurodouVorordcr. Q^^i of March Hon. Mr. Dorion
gave notice that on the following Wednesday,
he should move that the House go into Com-
mittee of the Whole to consider certain resolu-

ResciliUiona th.it the
l>i>ininiun iiHsiimo
111' Wlldlo (lolit
iiilruiluced by Hon.
.Mr. Iioriun, and

tions respecting the division of the surplus
debt of the former Province of Canada.* 'e
aruued in favor of his resf)luti()ns that there
was so areat a dilference between the views
of the two Provinces as to what amount of the
debt eac'n should assume, that he considered it
would be the fairest way ibr the Dominion ti>
assume the whole debt — he could not see why
it should not assume all as well as part — and
then they would be taxed in fair proiiortion
according to their resi^ective populations. The
compensation to l)e allowed New Ihunswick
and .Nova Scotia could easily l)e arraiiued, and
at the same time the outstaiuling diilerences
betweun the Dominion and New Brunswick
with reference to the penitentiary at St. John,
and with Nova Scotia on account of the
Provincial building at Halifax could be
satisfactorily .settled. He thought that, before
the Arl)itrators .said in what proportion the debt
was to be paid, they oua'ht to have settled what
the amount of the surplus debt was, for that
was a very open question ; the Auditor of the
Dominion said it was !^10,800,000, the Treasurer
of Ontario $10,;)3!l,000, and the Tn'asurer of
Quebec $10,000,000. He argued that the
award was in every way unfair and unj.ist,
inasmuch as it made the jjoorer and least
populous Province pay in tht> largest proi)ortion.
Sir George E. Cartier raised the point of order
that the resolutions involved an appropriation
of the revenue, w^hich, under the 54lh section
of the British North America Act, could

* The resolutions were'ns follow.? :—

1. " Itimlveil—Thnt the division between the I'rovinoo of Ontario and
the Province of Quebec of the surplus of the debt of the former
Province of Canada, over and above the sum ol >;i')2„t(H|,I»i(i, nssiKncd to
the iJominion of Canachi by the British North America Act, presents
great difficulties, which it has not hitherto been possible to overcome in
a satisfactory manner.

2. " Jiennhi il—Thiit the dilliculties resulting as well from the uncer-
tainty as to the amount of the debt to bo divided as from the ab.^ence of
an acceptable base for th.i making of such division, and that of the assets
remuning in common to these two Provinces, threaten to give rise to
serious embarrassment.

3. '• /i'<«',/ivi/— That, for the avoidance of such difficulties, the debt of the
former Province of Canada should bo assigned entirely to the DomiMiim
as though it had been eo from the first, with compensation to the
Province'^ of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for the share which those
Provinces would have to pay upon the surplus of that debt.

4. " W'^n/ivi/— That an humble address ho presented to Her Majesty,
praying her to be pleased to recommend that the British .N'orth America
Act should be amended in accordance with this resolution.''

I M

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LTiO

TUTTM-y,S IIISTOIJV OK THIS DOMINION OK CANADA.

only l)t' (lono l)y mcssago iVoin the Governor
Gi'iiorul. All or a I'cw remarks I'rom Hon.
Messrs. Ilolton, Dorion unci Carlicr, Mr. Speaker
rnled Ihiit ihe resolufions were out of order,
not hecause Ihcy conllictedwith the ;')4th section
(>r tlie IJritisli North America Ait, l)ut because
they invf>lved an increase of the public debt,
and should have oriiiin.ilcd in (.'oniniittee ol'the
Whole.

1.3. — On the nintii of March, Hon. Mr. Dorion
ni()\ ed •' That an humble address be presented
to Her Majesty, representing- that

linn. .Mr. lli.riiin •» i i i i- i' l

r(■l;(■^v^ iiiMii.iiidii au ('(juitaolc aud satislactory
division of Ihe

for ;ilt il'ltlrc'S

surplus del)t
of the late Proviufc of Canada between the
Provinces of Onlario and Quebec is not likely
to })e eU'ected in Ihe manner provided by the
]}iitish Norlh America Acl, LS07, and that tne
diilicullics wliich beset the queslion have been
li'nnitly aiiU'ravated by the award reiulered by
the Arbitrators appointed by the Dominion
(Jovernment and by the Government of Ontario,
in the absence of any Arbitrator for the Province
of (Juebec, which is reifardcd by the Govern-
ment and the people of (Juebec asilleii'al and
unjust, and prayini^' that Her Majesty be
pleased to recommend the passing- of an Act
by the Imix'rial I'ai'liamcnt so amending the
15rilish Norlh Anievica Act as to aulhorize the
ravliamcnl of Canada to deal by Legislative
eiiac"mcnt with all questions connecte<l wilh
the said surplus debt." He said I hat he had
seen it slaled llial it was Ihe intention of the
Dominion GovernmenI to get the matter referred
to Ihe Privy Council, where it would take len
years before il would be ,>iettled, aiul that that
would be Ihe l>c>-l thinu' that could hai)peu for
Quebec. He did not think so. He considered
that it would be a very bad thing to have I his
question rankling between the two Provinces
for such a length of time ; he believed it would
be far better for the Dominion Government to
ol)tain ])ermission lo setlle il now on the basis
proposed in his rcsolulion which would put Ihe
two Provinces on the same footing they oe-
occnpied before Confederation.

14. — Sir George E. CiU'lier characterized the

resolutions of the honorable member for
Hochelaa'a as a inece of clap- ^. ,. ,, ,, .
trap proposed for electioneering ,Vm?'M.rnuMt'i.,(ii,.
pirrposes, and not from any '"""""•
desire to jn'otect the interesis of Quebec. He
(Sir George) declared he was not willing lo
I submit to the mercy of a majority ol' a House of
181 meml)evs, where Quebec was only rcpre-
; .sented by (!o, Ihe legal position of Ihat I'rovinciv
I He held that the Government had decided ikiI
I to express any opinicm on the award until a
competent jixdicial tiibunal should have decided
I on it. Supposing Ihe Privy Council set aside
j the award of the Arl)ilrators, there would ha\ e
to be a new arbitration, and Quebec may have
nothing to complain of. Or suppo.se that the Privy
Council upheld the award, he was of opinion
that I 111' jieople of Quebec, both English and
French, would think Ihat a great wronu' had
been done Ihem, and then it would be competent
for them to appeal to the House, and the House
t(mld express its opinion, but he held thai it
would be improper to do so whih' the case was
pi^nding. He concluded by moving in amend-
ment that all w^ords after " That " in Ihe
original moliimbe struck out and Ihe following
inserted: "The validity of the award reiulered
by the Arl)itralors ai)pointed by Ihe Dominion
Government and by the Government of Ontario
in the ab.sence of any Arbitrator for tiie I'rDviiice
of Quebec being contested by the Province of
Quebec; and the Government of Canada having
come to Ihe conclusion not to acton such award
unii' its validity shall have been determined
by a competent judicial tribunal, Ihis House
refrains from expressinii' an opinion on the
award ,so rendered.' Hon. Mr. Cliauveau moved,
in amendment lo the amendment, "That it is
highly desiral)le that the dilliculty now existing
between the Provinces of (^ueljcc and Ontario
concerning the division and adjustment of the
debts, liabilities, credits, properties aud assets of
lTpi)er and Lower Canada provided for by the
British North America Act be speedily set at
rest, and that this House will give its most
faA'orablo consideration lo any measure to lie
introduced by the Government having this

(lOVEnXMKNT OF LOPvD LTS(iAR— AEBITRATTON BKTWKKX ONTATJIO AND (^UF-BKC. 251

ohject in vit'W, and involving ivny aid on tlio
part ol' the Dominion conimcnsurato with tho
importanci' of tho object itscll' and with our
vi'sourco.s, duo regard bciny had tor tiic rights
of the other Provinces." He thought that it
was highly desirable that the Proviit ■ should
be relieved from the dead-lock into wliich they
had got on the subject of the award ; and, out of
which, he saw no way so easy as for the
Dominion to assume the whole debt aK<l com-
pensate the otln^r Provinces, lie arguoci thiit
the whole I'rox ince of Quebec was unanimous
in its decision that the award was unjust, and
that, even if it was conlirmed by the Privy
Council, it would still be con.sidered unfair; for
it coidd not be ibrgotten that Lower Canada
went into the Union with a balance to her
credit, while Upper Canada was so heavily in
del)t she was almost bankrupt, and now, when
the Union is dissolved, the Arbitrators wanted
to saddle (Juebec with a large share of that
debt, and give Ontario the lion's share of the
paying assets — far more than she was entitled
to. llo thought that the money considt'ration
involved was as nothing compared to the con-
sideration of having one Province permanently
dissatislied. Mr. Mills raised the question of
order. The amendment to the amendment
involved an appropriation of moiu'y, and was
oi)en to the same grounds of objection on which
II similar motion had b(>eu already rejected.
Mr. Speaker decided that the motion involved
a money expenditure, and was therefore out of
order.

15. — Hon. Mr. Holton said that the amend-
ment to the amendment having been ruled out
of order, he would move one in
its place, which would not be
open to the sumo objection. He
then moved, in amendment to
the amendment proposed by Sir George E.
CiO'tier, that all words after " that" bi> expunged
and the following words inserted iii lieu
thereof: "This House regrets that His Excel-
lency the Governor-Cieneral has not bi'en
advised to recommend to this House to adopt
an address to Her Majesty the Queen, repre-

ll"M. ,Mr. null. Ill
llimrs Mil
:illli;liillllLMit
CIlUivillDllt )i> )l
lllilliiill (if Wllllt lit'
CulllillupcG.

seiiting that the division between the Province
of Ontario and the Provinet* of Quebec of the
suplus of the debt of the former Province of
Canada, over and above the sum of §ti2,.')00,(t00
as,signed to the Dominion of Canada by the
British North America Act, presents great
diflicultie.s, which it has not hitherto been
possible to overcome in a satisfactory manner;
that the ditficulties resulting as wtdl from the
uncertainty as to the amount of the debt to be
divided as from the absence of an acceptable
base for the making of such division, and that
of the assets remaining in <ommon to those two
Provinces, threaten to give rise to serious
embarrassment, and that, for the avoidance of
such difiiculties, the debt of tin' lbrnu>r Province
of Canada should be assiuiied entirely to the
Dominion as thcmgh it had been so from the
lirst, with lompensation to the Provinces of
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia for the share
which those Provinces would havi' to pay upon
the sitrplus of that del)t, and jiraying Her
Majesty to be pleased to recommend to the
Imperial Parliament the passage of an Act to
amend the British North .America Act in accord-
ance with such representation." Mr. Delorme
seconded the amendment to the amendment.
He thought that the question before the House
was not so much whether the award was legal
or not as to lind some means of settling the
matter. He did not believe that the Privy
Council could setth' the question to the satisfac-
tion of both parties, and that ultimately the
House would have to ask for power to settle it.
Hon. .1 H. Cameron said that so far the (juestion
had been discussed as if there were no other
inierests involved except those of Quebec, but
he thought Ontario was e(]ually interested. He
defined Hon. Mr. Holton's motion as a "Hank
movement '" designed to entrap ( )ntario nieml)ers
into a vote of want of conlidence, and said it
wovdd not sixcceed. He said that tlie people of
Ontario believed the award legal, and would
continue to think so \intil some competent
authority declared otherwise. He thought that
they were perfectly salislied with the action of
the Uovernment. He blamed the Quebec Arbi-

' » : i ;i

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,.„M.,,,'<I

Mil

I..: 'II

;■ •

1 li^i n^:i'l'': IS

io'^

TUTTLES HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Synopsis (if tho
(lebtite. Hon. Mr.
Hol'on's niotitin
ilofuattul ; lit for, !*5
against.

trator i'or retiring from the arbitration, and said ]
the people of Ontario desired nothing more than
what was just, and would allow Quebec every
latitude before the Privy Council. Hon. Mr.
Chauvoau defended the conduct of the Arbitrator
for Quebec in resigning as soon as he found an
interlocutory judgment was put forward which
would prevent any inquiry being made into
the origin of the debt. The debate was then
adjourned.

16. — On the resumption of the debate on the
13th, ;Mr. Bellerosc opposed the resolution intro-
duced by Mr. Dorion, which he
maintained did not embody tho
sentiments either of the House
or of Ontario or Quebec. If that motion was
carried Quebec would lo.se the right of ajjpeal
to the Privy Council which she now enjoyed, j
and where she had a fair chance of obtaining
justice. He said that when he remembered
that the little ProviuLC of Nova Scotia had i
forced the House to do her justice he could not
think that the great Province of Quebec would
be unfairly treated. Mr. Ross (Champlain)
condemned the award as unjust, and thought
that that being admitted there should be no
dilficulty in the Governments of the two Pro-
vinces arriving at a fair understanding. He
thought the iJominion Government had done
all that it could do in not acknowledging the
award. Mr. Harrison thought that if the
Quebec members believed the award illegal
they need not troiible themselves about it.s
injustice. He argued that in public arl)itra-
tions it was the rule that a majority decided,
and that Judge Day having been duly notilied
of all the meeting.s put himself in the wrongjjy
not attending them. The validity of the
award was a legal (juestion, and it was not for
the House to decide a question of law. Mr.
Mills said it was useless to discuss the award
on its merits ; the House had nothing to do with
that ; but what did interest the House was the
proposition that the Dominion should assume
the whole debt of the h te Province of Canada.
This had not lieen asked for by the Legislatures
of either Ontario or Quebec, and it was only

through them that it could be done. The
reason why the whole debt was not assumed at
Confederation was that Ontario was payina-
more into the Treasury in proportion to popu-
lation than Quebec, and he objected to a return
to that state of things. He argued that the
assumption of the debt by the Dominion would
increase the debt about $12,500,000, which, as
Ontario paid about live-ninths of all the taxes,
would make that Province pay about $7,000,000.
He condemned the course the Government was
; pursuing as the remarkable one of telling th'
j successful litigant to appeal instead of the
j unsuccessful one. The true policy for the
Dominion Government to have pursued would
have been to accept the award as valid until it
j had been declared otherwise by a competent
tribunal. Mr. Dufresne thought that the only
[ power that could decide on the validity or
[ invalidity of the award was the one that
I appointed the Arbitrators. He considered it
I very fortunate that the British North America
Act had removed from their control the settie-
; ment of a question which caiised so much
sectioiuil feeling ; and endorsed the policy of
i (he Government in declining to take any action
I at all on the award until it had been liuiilly
: adjudicated upon. Mr, .Toly said that the
I Province of Quebec was determined to oppose
the award by all constitutional means ; that

I ^

I sooner or later, rio mattw what the decision of
I the Privy Council may be, the question must
' come before the House, and he thought that it
might just as well be settled now by the
Doiainion assuming the whole debt of the late \
Province of Canada. Hon. Mr. Irvine snid
that had the award i)0ssessed any semblance ol'
legality so that the Quebec members could
have told their constituents that although thr
decision was against them it was according in
law, they might have accepted it ; l)ut they
' could not say so ; they could not see that
judgment had l)een given by a comiH'leiit
authcu'ity.or that their property had been taken
away according to any recognized i)rin( iplc.
He approved of the course pursued by the
Government, and thought it would be most

i;!

GOVERNMKNT OP LORD LISlfAR— ARBITIIATIOX BI-yiWEEX ONTARIO AXI) (^'EBEC. 253

satisl'actoiy if some means could be found to
settle the case without appealing to the Privy
Council, as in that event only the legal points
would be considered without regard to the
merits of the case. Mr. Geoffrion was in favor
of forcing the Government to take some action
in the matter of the award. He contended that
to defer action would bo injurious to Quebec,
and believed that the Hon. Mr. Holton's motion
would prove acceptable to the i>eople of Quebec.
He opposed an appeal to the Privy Council, as
only intended to cause delay, to be used to the
advantage of the gentlemen on the Treasury
Benches; and hoped that Parliament would
adopt some speedy measure of restoring harmony
l)etween the two Provinces. Mr. Scatiherd said
it was very curious that neither of the three
members of tlie Dominion Cabinet, who were
from Ontario, nor the three members of the
Ontario Cabinet, who were also members of the
House, had made any remarks on a subject
whirh was of so much importance to Ontario.*
He had heard nothing to make him change his
opinion that the award was just and fair ; and
thought the present trouble was caused by the
action of the Dominion Government ; either they
ought to have stopped the arbitration when
Judge Day resigned, or have accepted the award
as valid when it was made. Htf did not think
there was any danger of Quebec seceding on
account of the award ; but .should show his
disapproval of the conduct of the Dominion
Government. Hon. Mr. Howe contended that
once a case was belbre a legal tribunal it had
passed beyond the control of the House ; and,
therefore, the matter ol the award should be left
to tlie Privy Council. He thought a decision
might be obtained before the next session of
Parliament. Mr. Magill argued that the British
North America Act had provided that the
surplus debt of tin- Province of Canada was to
bo divided between Ontario and Quebec, and

''riM'llin'cl)iiinini(in.Mirii.'ili'r!<i-i.'rfnvilliiwiMTSii',Iiiliii A. .'MiUMl ilil,

(aljM'iii in \Viii.liiimlnn),Sir Knim-is llincksaml lion. A. .Morris. Tliu
lUfniliorsiil llic Onliiriii Ciihiru't wnv linn, .lolin S.iniHii'liI .M;I('iIimiiiI>I,
linn. E. 1!. \V(Mi(l, mill llnii. .Inlin Ciirlinit. Tlio lliico liilliT. InnveviT,
iviMu Milt ill tlic UouBu boiiiK iiwiiy oU'utliiiniuriMK I'm- thu Ontiiriii Uiciil
t'lui-tiuDS.

that it was not comptUent for the Dominion to
assume it. He held that if there was any
unfairness in the award it was towards Ontario,
and thought that the Dominion Crovernment
ought to act on the award, leaving it to Quebec
to appeal to the Privy Council if she felt
aggrieved. Mr. Langlois thought that the
proposition to transfer the settlement of the
matter from the Privy Council to the Dominion
Parliament was a most dangerous one for the
interests of Quebec, as, judging from the present
debate, it was evident that the members from
t)ntario would take one side, and those from
Quebec the other, a)id it would be left to the
members from the Maritime Provinces to decide,
and they would, most probably, be divided.
He held that the award was invalid on legal
grounds, and the decision shtnild be left to the
highest legal tribunal. Hon. Mr. Anglin was
opposed to any action bt'ing taken by Parliament
irntil the award had l)een passed on by the
Privy Council ; and if it was upheld, and this
House was asked to assume the debt, he held
that all the Provinces interested in the financial
basis of the Union should lirst be consulted.
He should vote against all the motions. Sir
George E. Cartier thought it strang(> that no one
had apologised for the absence of the member for
Chateauguay, who had proposed a vote of want
of conlidence in the Government, and then not
appeared to support it. He proceeded to
attack the motion, saying it was even more
injurious to the interests of Quebec than the
motion of the meml)er for llochelaga. Mr.
Barthe contended that the question was not one
of money l)ut of politics, and, therefore, should
be dealt with by the House. Quel)ec wa-. the
pivot of Confederation, and an injustice to her
was an injustice to the whole Dominion. He
did not Ix'lieve there was a majority of the
House in favor of Ontario, but thouglit tliat if
the wrongs of Quebec were fairly shown there
was enough jiistice in the House to see them
righted in spite of sectional ditl'erences. He
had sirpported the (Jovernment for liiteen years
but should oppose their policy on tiiis question.
After a few remarks from Hon. Mr. Dorion,

Bf'S I:

■ ■ ;l ,

:54

TUTTl.K'S HISTORY OF THE I)OMINIO:Jf OF CANADA.

;l ' l|

im '

and Hon. W. Macdougall, tho House divided on
Hon. Mr. Holton'.s amcndmont, which was lost,
Yeas, 10 ; Nays, !t5.

17. — Mr. Mills then moved in amendment that
all the words after '• that '" in thcoriyinahnotion
..M,or,„„cn.i,n.M,i.. ^^^ '''t™^'^' o^^*, and the following

lln'nt In'.',li,'M.:i'"y „ Substituted, " The division of the
vote t„as „,.„,. ^^^^^^^g ^^j. ^^^^^ ^j. ^j^^^ former

Province of Ca.nada over and above the sum of
$t;2,.")00,000 assio-ned to the Dominion of Canada
by the British North America Act, having' been
referred to Arbitrators apjiointcd under the
authority of the said Act, and a majority of the
Arbitrators so ap]iointed having made an award,
this House is of opinion that the Government
in an ajustment of aicounts between (>ach Pro-
vince and the Dominion should act upon the
basis of the award.' Lost on division, Yeas, 25 ;
Nays, S4. Mr. .Toly moved in amendment to add
th(> lollowing words after the word "rendered "
in Sir G-eorgo E. Cartier's amendement, " but
this House regrets that the Government of
Canada did not take any action, in order to
suspend the proceediims of the two remaining
Arbitrators, before their award was render(>d
when requested so to do by the Government of
the Province of Quebec' Lost. Yeas, 15 ; Nays,
D.'). The division was the same as on Hon. Mr.
llolton's motion, except that Mr. Cimon did not
vote. Hon. Mr. Dorion said he should vote
against the amendment of the Minister of
Militia as it committed the Qu(>bec members to
the ])osition of the decision of a tribunal of
which the House knew nothing, and which was
not even mentioned in the motion. The House
then divided on the amendment of Sir George
\'l. Cartier, which was carried. Yeas, (!8 ; Nays,
40. The main motion, as so amended was then
<arried cm a division. H will be noticed that of
those who spoke on the motion or amendments
Messrs. Chauveau and Holton did not vote, the
former having been called away by the illness
of his child, and the latter not being in the
House. The debate'.'- and the divisions .showed
that while the (Quebec mi'nil)ers were unanimous
in their condemnation of the award, only the
French Opposition were willing to censure the

Government for the coxxrse it had piirsued. The
vote on Sir George E. Cartier's amendment —
that the House should not express an opinion
until the validity of the award had been
established — taken by Provinces was as follov.'s :
Ontario, 21 for, and 23 again.st ; Quel)ec, 8ti t,iv
and 16 against ; Nova Scotia, for, and 10
against ; New Brunswick. 5 for, and 1 against ;
making a total of 108 votes cast. It will he
noticed that Ontario only polled half a vote; a
large number of members — including Messr.s.
Blake and Mackenzie — being away atteiuling to
their elections for the Local. Had ther(> been a
full House the Government would, probably,
have had a smaller majority. The House having
thus recorded its opinion that it had nothing to
do with the award it was left to the Courts to
settle, and a record of its settlement — as far ;is
it is .settled at the time of writing — will l)i'
found in a iuture chapter.

CHAPTER XXIL

(lOVHllN.Ml-INT (W LOU!) MSCAR-PllLNCll'AJ-
EVENTS OF 1S71.

1. The two great events of the vkar.—
2. First meeting ok the Dominion Boaijii
OF Trade. Enlargement ok the canai-s
T'ROEi). — ;]. Dominion Board of Tradk. !
Proth:('tion vs. Free Trade. The meetimi
favors Free Trade. — 4. Dominion B<iai;i)
ok Trade. Various suggestions to tiii;
Government. — 5. Fires. Bradford ai-most
entirely destroyed. — 6. The luuiNiNooF
Chicago. Help from Canada. Otiiei:'
FIRES. — 7. The Census. Disaim'ointmk.nt
at its result. — S. The Census. Reaso.ns

WHY THE INCREASE OF I'Oi'ULATIOX WAS M iT
GREATER. — it. TlIE CENSUS. HoW IT WAS

TAKEN. — 10. The Census. So.me of its
RESULTS. — 11. Marine disasters. Vessels

CAUGHT in the ICE. — 12. FiNAL WITH-
DRAWAL OK THE TROOPS. FORMATION oK

" A" AND " B" Batteries. Militia camps.— ',
13. Postal changes. — 14. Opening of thk j

■__l

■:ll;i

(loVKHXMHNT OF I.OUD LISdAK— IMUNCirAL KVKNTS OF 1S71.

E. AND N. A. Railway. Seizure ok the
" E. A. HoRToN." — 15. Various events of

MINOR IMPORTANCE.

1. — The year 1871 was certainly the most
iiiil)ortant one in ConlediM-ation, I'or in that year
Ti„..w,..r,M.ovenis tho Union of all the Colonies in
„i ih.ycai. British North America — except

Prince Edward Island and Newlbundland — was
loiiii ! 'ted, and, by the admission ol' British
ColuMibia, the important advantai^e was gained
(if ;ui outlet on the PaeiUc Ocean, thus adding-
iiiuterially not only to the size, but to the
importance of tho Dominion amongst the
powers of the earth, ranking, as she does, third
ill extent— Russia and tlu; United States being
the only iUitions possessing a greater number of
s(puire miles. Besides the admission of British
(."olumbia. the signing of the Treaty of Wash-
ington was of itself suilicii'ut to mark the year
as a remarkable one for the Dominion, and the
settlement of the many points of dilterence
which had existed between the United States
iiuddreat Britain removed any fear of a rupture
between those countries, and left the Dominion
free to devote her energies to the development
of hi-r resources, and to the building up of that
" Greater Britain," which many of us fondly
hope the future will see on this continent. Of
the Treaty itself and the feeling which it
created in the Dominion, we treat in another
cliiiptt'r; Ijut we may say here that however
uufiiA Durably it was regarded at the lirst lilush,
the people soon came to see that it was the
best bargiiin that could be made with our
neigbbors ; and that although Mr. Gladstone's
Government luidoubtedly sacriliced Canadian
interests to some extent to preserA'c peace
l)etween England and the United States, yet we
had also to consider that in the event of war,
which was not at all improbal)le in spite of
the '• Peace at any price" policy of the British
Ministry, Ganada would have had to bear the
i)runl of the battle, and might even tlieii have
cventuiiUy been despoiled of her hsheries ; so
that, perhaps, after all, in was as well to let
tlujm go on the only terms wt^ s(>emed likely to

get. Another point was that, on close examin-
ation, the terms did not look so bad as they did
on a lirst view, and after the British (Jovern-
ment agreed to guarantee a portion of the loan
necessary to the Pacific Railway, the opposition
to the Treaty lost much of its I'orce, and tbe
people generally l)egan to recover I'roin the
feeling of half suri)rise, half indignation, which
had greeted the first announcement of the
Treaty, and to begin to believe that linuland
did not really mean to quite abandon her
colonies to their own resources, nor to sacrilice
Canadian interests to preserve her own peace,
without making her some sort of compensation ;
and, therefore, although there was a good deal
of excitement immediately after the conclusion

1 of the Treaty, it soon died out, and things

! returned to their normal condition.

2. — One of the most important events of the

I year, outside of the two great events already
mentioned, was the lirst meeting p.^^, „„„M„.,.fti,..
of the Dominion Board of Trade, Vn"li''''K',,i*;rL';'.l,;;.'n.
which was opened at Ottawa on "I'li.^u.is ,,^.1.

the 18th of January, and at which delegates
[ from almost all the Local Boards of Tradi' were
i present.* Th(> Hon. John Young was electt'd
I President and Mr. W. J. Patterson Secretary.
I The President in his address urged the import-
j ance of building the Pacilic liailway. and the

necessity of utilizing the water communication
; with the North-West. He next spoke of tlu!
\ enlargement of the existing canals, w^liich he

ara'ued were altogether too small for the class

• 'I'lie fiilliiwini! iiri' iIm- iiMmcs nl' tlu' ilrlcpitos tn wIimI may liu i-iilli'il
(lu> fii-sl ••Ciinimcri'i:il CiMii.'iT,-.-<" nfllii' llnnririinii : —
: .MdmiiHM. CiiKX Kmiiwuk.— M. I'. Ivvmii, .M.I'., .Imiih- .McDiHitfall,
j (lilliert Soill.li. I-;. .Moiiii.W. W. Uttilvi.', In (iuul.l, W. .1. I',ili,.i>,m,
S»'i'iH*tary.

iMiixTUKvi. lii).viii> m- TiniiK.-lloii. .).)lm V'liiiiu', IIiii:li .Mil.i'iLiiati,
Jiiliii Kerry, .An.lri'iv Unbcrlsun, ,1; K. 'riiiliriuliMU.

'roiiciSTd l!iiiiM> 111' Tii.vni:.— Williiim i:ili i, .l"liii (icirilnii, W. II.
Il.nvland, lii.lierl Wilkes.

Ott.vwa liciAKii 111- TiiAiii:.— Hell. .laiiie.s Skeinl, .Me.v. Werkiiiaii. \V.
I'diiiiuck. K. .Medillivray.

St. .Iiiiis {\.li.) liiiAiii) 111' Tkaiik.— TLmiias W. Daniel. William
Tlinmiiseii, .laiiH's Omnville.

liiKiiKc: ItiiAiii) UK 'riiADK.— Henry Fry, A. .r...<e|ili, 'I'. II. ilraiil.

llA.«ii.ri>s BciAlii) 111' Tkmik.— .M. I,ei:Kall, .lame.< Wal.-eii, .1. .1.
■MeKuiizic.

liONiiii.N Hoakii 111' 'I'liAhK. — Iiiliii Walkir, Charles I'. Smilli.

WiN'iisiiii (O.NT.) Hiiahii im' 'I'iiahi-;.— .lames Dniiuall.

IIkm.kvii.i.k ItiiAHii Of TiiiDK.— lie irite Neilson.

SriiATiiiiiir BeAiin 111' TiunK.— 'I'hipiiias iM. Daly,

IIUAXTFOKII llllAllll (IK TllAllK.— .1. ClieksllUtt.

iii

\ii

I >

'ry

tiiil

h! ii''l

III i I '

Mi . ; ,

.Tti;

Tl'TTLK'S lIISTOIiY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

of vessels which were being built; it being
well known thai largo vessels could carry
i'reight cheaper than small ones, it was of the
utmost imiiortance that improvements should
be made so as to aecommodate the larger vessels
which were daily coming into more general
use. He compared the American and Cana-
dian canals, and showed that in order to
compete successfully with the former the latter
must 1)0 greatly improved. He also strongly
advocated the building of the C'aiighnawaga
Canal from Lake St. Louis to Lake Champlain,
which would furnish a much shorter and more
direct route to the New England States than by
way of the Kichelieu River. Mr. McLennan
moved a resolution urging the Dominion Gov-
ernment to enlarge the ''.Velland and St.
Lawrence caiuils to a depth of 12J feet, and to
remove any obstructions in the river. He
stated that two-thirds of the vessels engaged in
trade on the lakes could not get through the
'Welland Canal. He was strongly in favor of
improving the canals which would increase
our own trade, but did not favor spending
Canadian money to build the Caughnawaga
Canal, which, he argued, would divert trade to
New York. After a short discussion the reso-
lution was adopted by a vote of 28 to 5. Mr.
Domville introduced a resolution to urge on the
Dominion Government the importance of build-
ing the Bale Verte Canal, which woidd greatly
tend to increase the trade between Canada and
the West Didies. In the course of a short di.s-
cussiou Mr. Thomp.son stated that the canal
\V(jiild be about eleven and a-half miles long,
and its estimated cost would be about
$2,.J00,0O0. The resolution was then adopted.
Some discussion took place on the sul)ject of
other canal improvements, and a resohition was
unanimously adopted urging on the Govern-
ment the necessity of building a canal in
Canadian territory at Sault Ste. Marie without
delay. On the subject of the Upper Ottawa
canals it was resolved that it was jiot necessary
to proceed with them immediately; ))ut an
enlargement of the Grenville Canal was
approved of.

3. — Of cour.se, in a meeting of th's kind,
although there was no political feeling di.v
played, it was only to be
expected triat the question oi T.r.'- i'n.i,,ii..ii
rotection and i^ree Irade imMiini! liivur- iv™
WMjuld arise ; for, although eight
years ago there were very few Protectionists,
comparatively speaking, in Canada, and tlic
question had not yet been made, as it is now, a
distinct party issue, still there were some who
regretted that the tariff had been reduced from
twenty to lifteen per cent, at Confederation, :.!ul
desired to see, if not a very high, at least n
moderate protective policy adopted. The ques-
tion was introduced by Mr William l']lliott,of
Toronto who moved " That in the opinion of
this Board, it is desirable to increase the duties
from fifteen to twenty per cent., the free list to
remain as at present ; and, should the revenue
admit it, the duties should l)e reduced on teas.
cofiee, sugar and spices." This was met by lui
amendment by Mr. A. Rol)ertson, of Montreal,
seconded by Mr. James Domville, of St. John.
N.B. " That itie the opinion of this Board that
the necessary revi nues required by the Govern-
ment are so great a< to afford all the incident;))
protection required, and that instead of adding
to the present tariff the duties should be gra-
dually reduced as fast as the exigencies of the
country will permit." A long discussion ensued
on the relative merits of a Protective or a Free
Trade policy, as viewed from a commercial
standpoint ; in the course of which it was
stated that under the existing tariff large quan-
tities of iron were sent from Nova Scotia to
England, and that great numbers of Canadian
sewing machines were exported to Europe.
The sense of the meeting was decidedly in
favor of having no higher duties than the
exigencies of the revenue absolutely required
and the amendment was adopted by a vote of
20 to 8.

4. — The Board remained in session three days,
discussing various subjects of importance and
adopting several resolutions urg- n,„„i„i„„ D.,ani .,r
ing on the Dominion GoA'ernment ifil'^^',?;,i,)„f,',aho
the propriety of certain legisla- ""v^"'""^^'"-

f tl.-s kind,
lei'liiig di.'5-

<iniiiiii>ii I'<iai I ul
!■;•■'• !'n)ii.|.|i,„i

'. lilH' Tlillll'. III,.
lI'l'liuK tiivoi-,< I'lVO
r.iilc.

'rotoctioiiists,
da, jind the
s it is HOW, a
re somt' who
vdiiced i'rom
deration, : .nd
h, at loiist !i
. The q'lies-
im Elliott, of !
L' opinion of |
^e the duties '.
le free list to
tho rovonin' I
LiCL'd on teas.
IS met by mi |
of Montreal, j
of yt. John, !
is Board that |
the Govern- ,
1 incident;!]
I of addin"'
uld be gra-
nt'ies of the
sion ensued
e or a p'ree
commercial
cli it was
urge qnan-
a Scotia to
f Canadian
o Euroi)e.
cidedly in
than the
'■ required
a vote of

hree days,
lance and

lion 13nanl of

Viirious
'liiiiis 111 the
iiriiutit.

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tUGRAVfO EXPRESSLY FOR

1 1:1

I: 11

IHE BURLAND DtSBARATS llThO COMP'

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vicliiiii fur llic
:iu.l l'..rk,l'..l
iiikI lUn Mid
IoiiimI ill our I

(iOVKKN.MKNT <»F l,()IM) I.ISCA I,'— I'lMNCIl'AL KVHNTS Ol' |S7|.

257

tioii. Amoiist the sutiifostioiis mn<lc wiis oiio '
tliMl till! iiispfctiou ol' Imttor, lisli, oil, hidf-s,
ttslK'fs, seodis, leather, provisions and pi'tioK'um I
.should 1)(' iiKidt' ciimpulsory. ft was uri^cd that "
alt hoiiiih there wcri' hiws I'or tlu' iiispi'itioii of i
most of those articles, the insixs tioii not being; j,
compulsory was gem-rally nculcctcd, and that
it would he I'ar niore satisfactory if an Art
was passed compelling the inspection of these
articles.* A petition to Parliament was adopted
praying for a rei>eal of the duties on flour, urain,
coal and coke; and resolutions passed suiigest-
ing the adoption of an uniform system of
weights and measures; an assimilation of the i
currency, and a chanuc in the i)atent law, .so as
to abolish the re(|uircnient of one years resi-
de)ice before obtaining a patent, us tar as British
subjects were concerned. It was decided to ,
ask the Governnu'ut to pu])lish monthly state-
ments of the <piantity and value of the imports ^
and exports ; and also to urge on each IJoard of
Trade the jn-opriety of havinu- published yearly '■■
a statement of the trade in its own town. The ^
Banking question was discussed and a proposi- I
lion made that the Government should be
recommended to allow Banks to issue small
notes, after the Government limit of !«;9,000,000
should have been reached ; but, after some
debate, the resolution was withdrawn. The ^
cpiestion of the propo,-ed Canadian Pacific Ivail- i
way was very fuHy discussed, and a general !
opinion expressed as to the desirability of having
the road ])uilt, and a liberal portion of the j
public lands ai)propriated for that purpose; but i
it was argued that the location of the route |
should be made with the view of securing the
one best suited for commercial i)urposes, even if i
a portion of it ran through American terrritory, !
and not again commit the error which had been ]
made with regard to the Intercolonial, of locat-
ing a road with a view more to possible ^lilitary
contingencies than to commercial requirements.
After determining that the next annual meeting

' .\ sciHTiil Iiispci'limi Ai't was |i!i.~>i'il iliiriiiK llic St'ssinn nf IST.i, prn-
vicliiii; Inr tlic iiis|iL'i'ticin of Kluiir iiml ^IimI. Wiii'iil mihI nihiT irrain.Dci'f
iiii.l l'..rk. I'ut iiml IVarl iislics. I'i.klc.l .'is|[ ami l'"isli oil. liiitror. Loatlier
mA l;aw Miili's, ami IVtinkMiiii, tlif |>i'ini'i|ial toalnrc's dC wlikh will lio
liiiinci in our ['arliaineiitiiry Siuiimury lur that j ear.

should 1)0 held at Ottawa, the Board adjourned.
The mciiting throughout was a purely business
one. and the practical tone of the suuuesiioiis
made coming from representa*i\e business men
on commercial qixestions had considerable
weiiiht, and we find the Government adopting
many of the suu'gestions — noticeably the repeal of
the duties on wheat, grain, coal and coke, which
although not done directly at the instant e of liie
Board, was, doubtless, considerably inllueiieed
l)y the petition from that l)ody, i>resented at the
opening of Parlianu'ul.

5. — Althouuh there were .several lariiv jiri-s in
the leading cities during the year, aiul extensive
bush fires in various parts of

O, . 1 XT 1) 1 Kircy. liriiiir.iril

ntario and New IJrunswick, Mirri..si .iiiirciv

during the summer and fall,
there was nothing like the terrible scourge
which swept through the Ottawa and Sai;uenay
districts in 1870 ; towards the end of May pretty
extensive fires raged for awhile in the woods on
both sides of the Ottawa from Pembroke to
L"Oriiiinal, and lienfrew^ Arnprior, Eardley,
Eganville and other towns and villages were in
considerable danger for a time; but thi- llames
wore kept back, and althouiih a few barns, femes.
&c., were destroyed and large quantities of
timber burned, the damage was not very heavy ;
and a good fall of rain soon removed all danger.
In August there was a long dry spell, and bush
fires burned for some time in the Counties of
Simcoe and North Perth, and around Kingston ;
and Monckton, Goderich, Mitchell, Walkerton
and Stratford were threathened ; but aiiain a
kindly rain brought relief, and although about
5,000 acres of line timber w^ere destroyed in
North Perth alone, the other damage done was
not very considerable. The most distressing
lire of the year occurred in the village of Brad-
ford, on the Northern liailway, on the morning
of the :22nd of May, and in a few hours almost
fhe entire village was laid in ashes, and over
one hundred families burnt out. Out of a popu-
lation of l,t>00 it was estimated that nearly 1,000
were rendered homeless, and the damage done l)y
the fire amounted to over $500,000. The people
of Toronto and neighboring towns and villages

i! •'

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'Ui

pllil

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:':.tiy|F!''H, M'

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.-.s

Ti'iTrj'/s iiisT()i;v (ii- TiiK Dominion of canada.

ciiiiii' Itiiwrnd pioiuptly iiiid uviii'iinisly to tin-
ivlicri'l'tlu'sulI'iTi'is, iissisliiin' tlii'iu w itli picsciit
lu'citsssarii's ;iii<l lirlpiiiu' tlicm to irhuild llirir
lioiiifs. ()tt;i\v;i. IJiinii'. Frt'diirloii. N. 1>.,
Iliimiltnn, St. .Tolm. N. H. and London had cacli
ono fxti'n>i\<' liii- doinu; diiniiiu'i' lo tlio value ol'
Ivoin *HI,0flO to t2')0.()00, but Quolx'c, Mont real
and Toronto wcvc movo luiky aiul Inid no very
lara'c liivs.

ti. — Tlu> I'arly days ol' October witnossed the

UToate.st lonllaii'valion known to mo(U>rn times.

On llie Otii, — oomniencinq- at

Thi" liiirniiii.' nf . . i i ^i i

i'i,i,;mn~ii,ii, ri„i,i nine o clock >unday oveninu'

Ciuiiiilii -'iilicr till'-. , , , , ,,.

the Sill, — occurred the appalliim'
di.sa.'^ter to('hicai>'o. wjiich swept away a greater
portion ol' tlie city, destroyed %;:i(iO,00(l,0(»o
worth ol' property, and lel't 1.')n,000 people
hoineles.s or destitute. Some ol' tho characteris-
tirsoriliisinit;]ity disaster W(M'o truly wonderful.
Il was the writer's misl'ortune to have been in
Chicaso at the time ol' the lire, and to have
suH'ered. in a considerable (b\q'vee, some ol' the
hardships endured by the i)eople of that city
on the occasion. 0)i the 10th of October, the
writer jiartook of a bowl of souj), with eacer
relish, in St. Ann's church, AV'est Divisicm, with
the hun^,'er-l'amishin<j;' multiti'(te, with-mt much
concern as to its ingredients. On tnat day in
that church, where hundreds lay blackened and
disliuured, and dyii\u' from previous exposure
to the lire, — where the hysterical shrieks of
bereaA'cd niotliers niin<>led wiih the moans of
dyinn' <hildren, — the minister of God and the
!.>'aml)ler. the Aveei)in<:" motiier, and the lauyhing-
harlot, the banker and the beij!,^ar, — all on a
perfect level so far as earthly riches are con-
cerned, ate from the same board in a common
sympathy^ Thi' scene can never be J'orii'otten
by those who witnessed it. Nor were such
incidents as these confined to St. Ann's church.
The suddenness and <omplet»>ness of the mis-
fortune which had overtaken tho nourishing
city, caused a throb of pity and sympathy
throughout Canada, and immediatidy after the
sad intelligence was received, thousands of busy
hands were engau'ed in pri^paring food and
clothinu' for th(> hungry and naked; relief com-

mittees were formed in almost every city, town
and \ illai;-e,and coni ributions in money and kiiul
poured in from every side. On the evening I'ol-
lowinii' the lire relief trains started with looked
and uncooke<l |)rovisions,clotliing, betiding. iVc,
from Montreal, Toronto, and other points, tlie
I Grand Trunk carrying all goods for thesutl'ercrs
free, and makinii' siu'h uood time and connections
that the throui;h trii> from .Montreal to t'liiciiuo
was made in forty-eiii'ht hours, and a sti'ady
stream of money and provisions was kept iiip
until the Chicago Relief Committee cried
•■ I'lnouuh." The City CouiU'il of Monlrc;i|
voted iS")0,()00 for the suH'erers, and as niinh
more in money aiul uoods, was raised by
private sub.scription ; Toronto City Council
H'ave $10,(>0(). and private contributions trii>le(l
that sum ; Hamilton. London, Ottawa, Quebec,
St. John, Halilnx ; all contril)Ute<l their share;
throuii'l'.out the length and l)readth of the lnml
universal charity was poured out. None wen'
so poor that they could not ii'ive something', and
the total oH'erinu' of the Dominion to tiie dis-
tressed city amounted to over >!; 1, 000, 000. N'(>vcr
was a call for hel)* aii'ainst an overwhelmin'^
calamity, more nobly, speedily and Irecly res-
ponded to, and the cities of the Domiidon vied
with those of the States in friendly rivalry le
render a.ssistance. Almost at the .same time
that Chicago was destroyed, three iires oci urred
in Canada which, although insignificant in
comparison, caused much loss and distress. On
the Sth, thirteen houses were liurned in Sand-
wich, Out., causing a loss of sr)0,000 ; and on
the following day the most destructive fire evei'
known in the village, swept over Georgetown,
doinu- damagi' to the extent of §40.000. Whilst
the excitement cau.sed by the burning of Chicago
was still at its heighth, on the 11th, came the
intelligence that the thrivinu' town of "Windsor.
Out., was almost laid in ashes, and that damaiio
to the extent of !s200,000 had been done. The
fire raged with intense fiiry for a while, and it
was feared that the whole town would be
destroyed; b\it thanks mo.stly to the gallant
firemen who came over from Detroit, the
greater portion of it was saved from the llames.

7.-

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<i()VRF{NMKXT <)]■ f.oFM) LISiiAI? IM?IX('ir.\l, KVMNTS OF H71.

•_'5!t

7. — Tho result of tho cciimis taken thi« yeiir
was ii mo8t llioi'oiiL^h (lisiippoiiitiiu'iu to a ltiru;i>
pvopoitidii of the (H'oplo who,
iii.,i|.i»'ihiMi>'ni Ml (■liilcil at thi* liui' oi pi'ns|)i>i'ity
wliicli had IIuWimI over ( aiiada
(luiinu'lht' Iniir years ol' < 'ciileilcralioii, lorii'ot
till' slrii!::ules ol' |lii> yi'ais iiiiuu'iliali'ly pt'eeed-
iiiH' tliat period, and would not at lir>l Iji'lieve
iliat ihe census was auythinu like accurate, and
iliat ihe ratio ol' increase in icn years had only
b.'cii liiiin per cent iu OiUario and 72 per cent.
ill t^Miehee. ISoth ihe system ol'takiny the census
iiid the uiaiiiier ol' carryinij that system out
were most viiioniusly attaeki'd l»y the Opposi-
tion press, ami some papers went so I'ar as to
. hariie that the lii>ures had been wili'uUy lalsi-
lied lor political purposes, and that the popula-
tion ol' Ontario had heen purjjosily made to
appear less than it really was so as to deprive
her ol that increased representation iu the
House ol' Comuuiiis to which she should have
heen entitled under the redisirihution of repre-
sentation as provided I'or iu the iJrilish North
\iiieiica Act. Aithouiih there appears to have
lieeii some carelessness in taking the census,
and the process was somewhat slower than
there was any occasion i'or, still it does not
seem that there is any evidence to show that
liiere was any attemi»t to willully lalsily Ihe
returns, nor that the returns were materially
incorrect, I'or the municipal census taken iu
Ontario I'ell i onsiderahly below the Donunion
census returns, and in Montreal and other places
where a special census was taken, just on pur-
pose to show what injustice had l)een done by
tile census I'uumerators, it was I'ound in every
instance that the enumerators had been sub-
>tanlially correct, and that the mistake was in
the over ambitious wish I'or an increase ol'popu-
lation rather than the eiuunerators who could
not return a population they did not lind. In
all the Provinces, there was a most marked
lulling oil' in the ratio ol' increase, but most
especially in Ontario and (Quebec, or what had

I constituted the Old Province of Caiuida where
the ratio of increase fell from ;J70G in Upper

.Canada iu 18tjl, to IGOl); and from 28 in

Lower Canada to 72. Now had all tiiin'^s l)eeu
in their normal condition at the two periods
when the respeclive enumerations were made
(iSdl ami 1W71), this decrease would have been
most remarkable, but things weri- noi in their
normal condition at either limi'. and there were
several reasons why the period is.M (11 should
show a iiiruer ralio of increase than the per:<<d
lS(il-71. Kirst; it was generally admitted tiiat
the census ol ISill was far from Ix'ing corrtHi.
and that it showed a uieat nuuiy more peoi>lein
the country — an<l especially in the cities -than
there really were. The reasons for the exagger-
ation were two fold ; in the lirsl place, the enu-
merators were paid by the hundred names, ami,
therefore, tho more nanu's a man returned on
his paper the more money he got, whether the I
pople had any existence or not ; a very bad '
plan, and one which it was found led to many
incorrect returns. In tho secoml place, the battle
for Itepresentatiou by Population was bi'ing
vigorously waged in IHdl ; Upper Canadian
politicians were declaring that the population
of their Province greatly exceeded thai of
Lower Canada and they, therefore, should have
a greater number of represontati\es in the Legis
laturo * ; whilst Lower Canadian politicians
maintained that the population of the Upper
Province was not increaring so miu'h more
rapidly than the Lower as was claimed. Of
course, each side strovi' to provi' its case, and it
is not hard to see how this would all'ect the census
by each side claiming more than it really had.
For these two reasons it is pretty evident that I lie
old Province of Canada did not ha ve a population
of 2,.")07,(J;J7 in Isiil, as .shown by the c(!nsus. and I
that any comparison of increase based on those
ligures must necessarily be to the disadvantage
of the period with which it was compared.

8. — But there were other reasons ^hy tho
ratio of increase from IS.")! to 1801 should be
greater than 1801 to ls71. The .,,„. r,.„s„s. it™.,,,...

former period was essentially ly,!;;,;,!;;;,!;:;!;';;'';;,;;'

one of public works ; the Grand *■'"••■'"■•■

• It inn^^t lio rciiiiMiilicn'it tliut Inuii tin' liiinii (if I'piiir mikI I^iuvit
Ciiiiiiiln iti I'*!! t" CMiiri'ili'niliiiii. iMcli l'ro\ iiu'c luiil llii- .<iiiiie iiuiiilicT "I
re|||'i'i*«'""''>*!'' '" "i« I'arliamt'iit ul t'nniiilii, irro.ipwtivenf |iii|iiiliiti"ii.

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(lOVKIJNMKXr OF l,()|JI) I.ISd.MJ IMJINTII'AL KVKNTS OF Ml.

2i;i

I'll.' .•I'll'ill-. Ilinv il

thiin they di'scvvi'd to the <Mniuii»i;i)i)rs
iiiul otlu'vs will) I'iiriii'd out liis iiistnic-
lidlis.

;•. — 'Plir systtMii adopted l>y tilt' Minister of
Aizrifiilturc lor lakinii' tlii> (.'t'lisiis, was aliuost
prci isi'ly t he same as that adopted
ill tlie UiiittHl States, France,
SwedtMi, and some parts oi'dermaiiy. (allliou^-ii
llie inrormatioii so'.iulil was much more eompre-
lii'iisive and exhaustive tlian that asked I'or in
llie United States), instead of llie systiMU adopted
ill I'jimland. lly tiie latter, the l']ni;lish system,
the census papers are distriluitcd some (hiys
ill advance. liUed up by the liead ol' the house,
and all collected in one day l)y the eiiuinerators ;
In the latter the eiiuinerators made housi- to
house visits and li'alhered the inrormalion lliein-
M'h cs, thus takiiin' more time, although, i)erhaps,
iihtaininu' more accurate inl'orination on some
111 :i(ls. The period oxer \\ liich the I'nunuM'ation
slretcheil in Canada varie<l IVoiii two or three
(lays ill .some places lo (wo or three weeks in
others; and. in some exceptional districts, the
weeks li'rt'w to monllis helore th(> returns were
cohipleted. This Liiue lise to many complaints,
iiiid il was arii'uetl Ihatnumhers who were con-
stantly inovine' alxnil miuht i^o I'lom a district
where the census had not yet been taken lo
one where it had l)e(>ii coiiiplett>d, and so not
uvt cnumerali'd at all ; Imt the rule worked
etpiaily hotli ways, and many no doulil h\
iiiovini:' IVom a district where they had already
hccii eiiuiiitM'atcd lo one wlu>re the eiiuinerators
li;id not yet hei'ii, Li'ol " taken " aiiain,so that those
who were enumerated twici^ ahoul counter-
halaiiced (hose who were not taken at all. Still
the plan is an unsatisfactory one, and it is to he
iioped that at the census of ISSI, the l']iii>-|i,sh
sysliMii will he adopted, l'"or the lakiiu;' of the
t';iiiadiaii census the lour rrovinces were divided
into •Jill! census divisions, as follows : ( )niario, IH) ;
t^hiehec, S:! ; Nov a Scotia, 11' ; and New Hiuns-
\vi( k, 14 ; to each of which a Commissioner was
appointed. 'I'licse divisions were ai^aiii siil).
divided into -J,',!;'!.') smaller districts, to which
-,7S;i cnunieratiu's were appoinied. inakiii'.;-, with
!;'. staU'ollicoris, a total uumbor of o.UOS persons

enniiiii'd ill taking' the census.* The work ol
takiiiii' the names was commenced on (lie :!rd of
April, and the n'reater part of it was completed in
about two weeks, but tlm ri>turiis were not pub-
lished until the 'J^iid November, seven months
and a half after the eiiumcratii>n beifaii. Of
course, the greater part of this time was occupied
in classifyiiii'' and prepurinu' tiie lists for publi-
cation, and the work was ;iclually done more
speedily than similar work on the linited Stales'
Census; still there was some impatience felt at
th(> delay, and (lie leni'lh of time w liich elapsed
bet w ecu the comineil'-cineiii of the (Miumeiatioii,
and the aiiiiouiicem'nt ol' the result ditl not lend
to slreuii'ihen public conlidence in tli(> .icciirai'V
of that result when published, for there were a
great many who had lln- idea that the eiiuinera-
tors were hard at work all the iiiue ■• taking'

down" everybody they could liiid, and v\<'re
much disappointed to liiid after so much

j •'(akim;" that the result was so far below wlial

; had been expected ; however, as we hav e already
shown, popular exi)ectatioii Ihmiil;- based on
the census of jSiil vvas foumled on an unrelia-
ble basis, and no account beinu' taken of the
einiii'ratioii to tiie Statt's, il is not surprisinn'
to iiml thai the l'-cu -ral impression tiiat llie
census would show the population to l)e fioin

i •t,()tt(),i)(l(» (,) l,,".()(t,0(l(), was very wiile of the
mark

I 10. — The population of the four I'rov iiici's of
Ontario, (^Ui'bec, Nova. Scotia and New liruiis-
wick was found to l)e ■'!, ISti.ODT,
distributed as follows; Ontario,
l.til'O.S.M ; (.hiebec. l,lll|,.-)i(;; Nova Si'otia.
:!S7.S()() ; New lirunswick. "J.^r),.")'.!!. lu isdi the
population of Ontario vvas uivi-n as l,:l'i(l,OiM,
so tliat the result of ten years showed an
increase of liiil.TilO, or liMi'.i per ceul., l>eiiiL;'
only one and six-tenths per cent, per aniiuni
while tlu> four previous deceiinial peiiiid> had

I shown increases ol from ,")T to '.'I per cent., or

•I'll ."ImW llli' •liili'll'llri' 111' llll' IW.l -v.^ll'MH Hi' IIUIV ."lull' Hull l.ililliO

llii' ci'MMii'' <>( lOiiitliiiiil ami VViili'< ill |S7I ivliii'li wui iliiiii' in iiiii> iliiv-
(liiM'iiiinlry wii^iilii i'li'il iiilii'i-'.i'HiSi|i»i|.i,.|.., ii\(M'iii.'initli'..i"lliiiii Hvn ».|iiiu'i'
! mill's I'Mi'h, iiihl I.I I'lii'h :iii i'iiiimi'i-;iliir win ii|i|iiiiiiliiil. Iiu'Iii.Iiiik lii'v'i~
' (riirsi (liiTi' wi'iT .l."*.!;!!! Iiii'iij iilli.Ti^ I'liitiiwi'.! in niiiiilii'i'inu llir 'J'J.Ti'l.liw
' |i||.i|i|o. Il will III' tliii'< si'i'ii lli.il . ' 11 till ii\iM'tii.'i>, I'lii'li I'liiiini'r.il.ii* liiiiti
I li'.Hi n iini"^ :*wliil.' iiii.li'r tin' Cniiiuliiin .ly.ilt'iii llii' iniTiiKi* twin \:2'*^.

11' i-n-. Si'iin-

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2(12

TUTTLKS lIISTOin- OF TIIF l»()MIXI()x\ OF CANADA.

r I !

IVom livo ;nul scvcn-lenths to niuo and a half
pox cont. per aniuim, which was a aroat I'alliim-
oil. In iSdl, (he population ol' Quoboc was uivon
as 1,111, olid, so that the incroasc in ten years i
was 7i',l'oO, or 72 per cent., beinii' only seven-
tcnths of one per cent. i>er annum, which was
far below the avera!j;i> of previous periods. In
Nova Scotia the population in l!SGl waso80,8")7,
showing an increase in 1871 of r)(),04-'), or 1721
per cent., being a little over one and seven-
tenths per cent, per annum. In New Brunswick
in ISGl, the population was 2')2,047 ; and in
\>ill, it had incri'ased •'!o,547, being l;;]-88 per
cent., or a little over one and three-tenths per
cent. p(M' annum. It will thus be seen that
in 18G1 the total population of the four Tro-
vinces was ;),00n.r)Gl, and in 1871, 0,485,701, j
showing an increase of 895,200, or 12 80 per
cent.* In the same period, 1801-71, the ;
increase in England and Wales was 1-314
per cent., and in the United States for the
period 18G0-70, 22()2 pm- cent. Althouu'h the
result of the census was very disappointing as
far as the inrrea.se of population was concerned ;
il was highly gratifying in some other respects,
such as the large area under cultivation, the |
great increase in stock of all kinds, <S:c , ifcc, — I
some particulars of which we give l)elo\v —
but as the volumes of the census containing
this information were some years in the press
most people had forgotten all al)Out the census
before they made their appearance, and much i
of the value of these statistics was lost.f

*Tu sliiiw inon^ i-li'iirly tliu liillinw ulV in the ralin of int'ri'jiyt! ilnriii^r j
the in'iiiiil lsril-71, wi' uivu llu' rnllimint; statement nf tlic |i<i|>ulaliiiii of
the Pi'iivinees at pfcviou.- pefinil..^ :—

Oil ,n

....ls.(1

.|i.--,:«7

....l,s.-.i...

... sss.slii

Iiii'roii.«e '.'I'dl 1

....IsDl...

...l,.'»Mi,(l!ll

.Villi

...•1S71...

...1,I«I,H.-Il

ir.M'i

tjnehi'o

....Ml...

... I'all.JSII

....lH,il...

... Hltl.SlJI

.ai-iHi

....ISOl...

...1.111,,T|-Ili

IJU'lHi

••

....1S7I...

...l,liil,-i7r)

-•■2it

N\'\v I'lMin-wiik. ..

....KM...

... ni:i,S(H)

....W\...

... •Sf:.iu7

" :;ini.i

....1H71...

... i^.■|,777

l.r.is

Xinii Sc'uliu

....ls,-,l...

... l!7i;.117

••

....Mil...

... .•|.iii.S)7

I'l-s:!

....1S71...

... :W7.H(l|

i7-iil

f It wniilil III- iin|it)^-ilih> liirii.'^ \vith thr liiniteii spiicr id mir nnnuiiuiKlt
tn ntd'iiipt til irivc an.vthiiit[ liUo a lull hyiiii|isi.<i nl' thu xii^C amiiuiit ut'
iiiriiriiuiliiiii. iniirc nr li'.'<s iisoliil. ciiiiltiint'il ill lliu llvo larKu viiIiiiiick <il'

11. — The Ddiiiinion was blessed with a good

tho ri'ii'Tt of hr .Minister of AjrriL'iiitnrc on the census : we shall, therr-

fiii'i', 1 lent .iui>elves with vcv.v hriully conilensini; some of the iiin-i

salient features.

Ai;i:.\.— The total area of the Dominion, aeeonlinif to the eensus, is
;i.:;|i;.'Wl s.iuarc miles, itivideil as follows :—\ova Scotia, 'Jl,7.'il: New
nriinswiek. L>7,:!2l'; (Jueliee. l!i:!,:iVi; OTilario, Iil7.7s0: Miinilohii. ll.:ilii;
.N.irtli West Terriiories. L',7.VI,iHiil : liiiti-h Coliiiiihia, 2L'll.iin(l ; I'liin'e
I'Mwaril Islanil, rj.l7-i. The lloniiiiion ranks thipl in size ainonL'si the
n.itioiis of the earth, Hii.ssia lieina first, ami the liiiteil States, iiuhnlinK
,\laska, sei'onil. IO.velusi\c of .Maska the area of the I'nileil States is
•J,' I. :;;,.>>! ,s,|uare miles, the area of .Ma.-ka is .'i77,:!'.iii, so that ilietwn
toiretheri.'i\e.'I.'>lo,'i7^.lii.'iiu: liil,2.i7suiiare miles more than tlie I ii an in ion :
hut il must lie remeinhereil that the si/.e of tlie .\orth-\Vest is onl.v very
roiiirhly estim iteil. The suiierlieies in aives is tliiis niveii i— Ontario,
i.-"i.ii'.i7.iil:{: (iaeliee. 12ii,u!><,:iol ; Mew liriinswiek, 17,:i'.i.;,Hiii .S'naSeotia,

]:; ;!s2,iKi:i. Total. -Jl.'i.siy.uLii.

\m.\ I xiiKii Ci;i.Tiv.vThix, III ii.iiiNi,,s, At.— Talile 21. uiviiii,' (he ooeii-
jiiers of laiiil, *te., show.s that, eouiparatively speakiiK, only a sm.ill
inu'tion of this vast heritaire w;is aetiially oreiipied, or in iiroeess of eiilii-
vatioii. The niimher of oeeujiiers of lainl is ^iven as 172.2;"'S in Ontario:
Us.iiSii in t^iicliee ; .'11.212 in Xew liriinswiek: lit.^il'i in Xov.i Smiia.
iiiakiiur a total of .';ii7,sii2. Of this lotal32i>.li)il were owners, .'I'.i.-'.s;; tenants,
aial 2,11:1 i-miilo.\ees. 'i'lie total numher ol acres oi-eiipieil was l'i.ltil,ii7*i
in Ontario: ll,o2<'i.7Sil in Quebee: .'i,H27.7Sl in New lirunswiek ; ■3,ii.;l,217 in
.Nova .Seotia. Total, :iil,iUii, 101. Ilie total uiiantity iiniuove.l \va-
K.-t'/i.-'iK, ciiviiled as folnnvs:— Ontario, .'<,'<;!:i,il2ii ; ijiiehee, ."i.7ii:i,'.i|| : Nih
Iriiiiswiek, 1,171, l.'i7: Nova .Scotia, l.il27.(i!ll. The total iin.|er-erii|i was
1 1 .vjii,.^-.s, ilivi.leil as follows :— Ontario, 11,5:17. 1.IS : Qiiehee, .'1,71 l,:ai| : New
liriinswiek, 77"<.4iil : Xova Seotia, 7'.i0.1.m. In pasture :— Ontario, 2,ii>'.i. 177:
(inehce, I.'.i|:i.lv2: New lirunswiek,. 'K"i,lli."): Xova Seoiia. S2.'i.:i22. Total,
."),21'.i.7m>. 'J'he numlier of town and villiitje lot^ owned, aeeorilini: Id tal-Ie
2". was :— Ontario, 17^.1211: IJiiel.ee. i.7.7;!7 : Xew lirunswiek. l.'i.ou; Nova
Seotia, 2li,'.is7, makiiiB a total of 2S2..Vji. Tlie nuinlier of houses owne.l
was :— Ontario, 2ii2,illS; (Jnehee. l,'ii..l7S: Xew Drunswiek, IM.'.iii,"); .Nova
Seotia, ."iliiiil I. Total, ■"i.'>'.i,712. Warehouses, factories, stores and slmp^: -
Ontario, 2S..V)."); tiiiehec, 2ll.2iit; New lirun.swiek, ii.:iOil: Nova .S-oiia,
l:i,7S'.i. Total. liS.'.ill. liarns and sl:ibles :— Onlario, .■a'i.V'i: IJiiehee
270,211 : New Brunswh'k, ll,i>7ll: Nova Seiitia. riii,!iiis. Total. ii'.i.'i,:;ii|.

Skvk.s, Aiiks. OirL'i'.vno.vs— The total population, a;j already slaie-h
was .■!,4^."i,7iil, of whom 1.7ill.:)ll were males, and 1.721. 1."i0 were I'euiales.
distrihuled a^ Ifollows : .Males— Onlario. s:;s,.-iiiii : (Juehee, .'iliiii'll : New
Urunsivii-k. 1 1 i.s^J* : .Nova Seoti:i. I'.i.'!,7',i2. Feniiiles— Ontario. 7'.i2.2iil :
liueliee. .■■'.>."i,|7.'>: New lirunswiek, l.;'.i.7lKi : NovaSeolia, I'.U.oiN. The t-ilal
numher married wa." : iiiil:irio.."ii's.l'.i7 : IJiiehee. ii72,lil ; .New liriiiiswi'-k.
.'Sii.2s.;: Nova Seotia, llN,!!.'!. Total, 1.1 lM."i,;i7ri. Widows and Wiilower.-;

Ontario. ■i2.'.i72 : Uuehee, :i'.i,ll.l: New llruiiswiek, m.-V.*.! ; Nova S ia

I1.7.W. Total. 117,.'W2. Children and unmarried :— Ontario, l.ii:i|i,iW2:
(Juehee. 77'.i.li22: .New lirunswiek, lHS,7>iJ: Xova Seotia, 2Jl.iil7. Toi.il.
2,2S.l.iKI.!. TheiiBes were found to he as follows: 21 and under. l.'.«r>.|iil.
distrihuled as fullows: Onlari",~<'.M.ii'.i."i : ijuehee, ii.')i.iilH ; .New llriiiiswiek.
I.'il 127: .Nova Seotia, 2iil,72l : Irom 21 to II : ilntaiio, 4:1'*,4'l,2.V,i; Xew lirunswiek, :i7,s72:
Nova Seotia, .■•2.iiiio. Total. ('.2,m|:!. I'Vom lil to SI: Onlario, ii;i..ll:l ;
ijuebee, "iii,iil;i: .Xew lirunswiek, l:;,8'.l| : .Xova Seotia, 21,!WS. Total.
Ili4,2li;). I'Vom si to nil : Ontario, .">,4ni; (iaehee. -l.sds : New llriin-wiek,
I, |."i:i; Nova .Seotia, 2.M1. Total, 1'l,,"ili'.i. Over ltd : Ihitario, Il7 : ijiiehce,
.171 .Now lirunswiek, 111: .Nova Seotia, 27. Total. 111. Aifes not k'ivoii:
Ontario, l,hi:i; (iueliee. :!ii."i : New lirunswiek, l."i; .Nova Scotia, 127. Total,
1,71111. T'he oeeupations were divided intosi.'C ela.sses, with tlie tollowiiiL'
result :—

<l.MiS>

Ontario,

i"ii>ni,n<. ' Now Nova
Quohoc. i(f„„8,v|^.|j. Scotia.

Total.

A^'rienltll^al ' 22S.7IIS

('ommereial 1 2,i.iim2

e^iie ■ 2ii.><ii.'i

Industrial 1 :>.i,H71

I'rotessiomil lii,7.V.i

Not cliLssillud liS.llHI

Iiill.iill 4ll,.-«U
2."i,."iii7 ' 7,1 Ml
21.1SI1 ri,:f.s
ii."i,7ii7 ],H,ii«;i
I.'),:i7i) 1 2,iv'fcH
.'■>2,W74t 12,114

l'.l,7li!l
l:i,;V!l
ii,7.Vi
:i|.-.47

l.l.-il

ii,xn2

4?.i,-.12
7.\2"1
iin.lol

.)pi,siis

.iri.iii

1 H,u7!i

Xiital

iiiU-M

,tii,aii j Hn,i8.s

llS,li4.'i

l,lill!I.S|S

jniii^uifK.
: (fia-lii-i-,

'lit

1, ViU'M'.

■i\V

.■li,.'tT,sTJ:

.'.I'^s. Tiiiiil.

iriiii'wii'li,

,.<

lilt j.'i\oii :

Iiu liillciwinir

Ti.tiil.

47!..^!:;
7."i,-.'"1

i;ii.iiii

Ut'J.MlH

ittUII

111,":!!

l,l:lfll>|S

■-

• - '-

(JOVEKN'MKNT OT F.ORI) LISfiAl!— I'ltlNCJI'AL KVI'LVTS ()F IS7I.

■liV.',

crop this yoav, and trade and commorro contiimod
ijood, and althoii<>-li tho.re was
Vc...iis , lu'-'hi in a very slight agitation on the
question ol' protection to mann-
I'ticturers, still the majority of Iheinanni'acturing
interests were in a lloniishing condition, and
the bulk of pul)lic opinion was not at this time
in I'avor ol' Protection. As we have already

SiiiiMMNi;. — Tho rctiiri)?^ of" vossels owticil Iiy the Doniiiiinn wns tnn.-t
^'iMIit'yhitr. ;tml simwul tliat C;tiiiiil:( |mi.»>i'i>c'iI ji nuTohjitit iii;iriiio iif
.l.iiTJ \i',-scls 111' mII kin ! , witli a tiit.il tiuiii.ii-'i' nl' ^l.'t.l'Jii. The ri'tnnis
aiT .liviik'il iiitii ihrce iM:is^i'.^,.itCMiiiM'a-j.'iiiiit' .lailiiiK vi'.-.il'Is, li.iri.'e;i, Ac.
Iliilarin liinl Ic'il stoaiii, 21 ,1 In tiMii' : ^Hl sailini.'. lii,li:!;UimH ; iVi liai'BL'.i. Ac ,
:'.".,1J1 t(iii!< ; tiital.'lll vessel.--- iiil..V.i| loas. (Jiii-litT, ls;t steam, il.TTI tuns :
i'i.'ai sailing, l:)8,7.'Vi tuns : l.liiT hart't-s, Ac, Tl.'.itil tons ; total, L'.JSil vessels,
2ii'.',.v.'I Ions. Xew IJruiiswiek, li.'i steam, ii,'lT.'i Ions ; Iil7 sailing, ISl. Ill")
lulls: Lli'.iliai-)res,,Ve., liani tmis: tuliil, SSII ve.ssels. I!il,-<!I7 tuns. .\ova
Si'iilia, III steam, l,7'<7loiis: KliSlisailinu:. •.*.i|,:U.S tons, (irainl totals, .'Kiil
sieani, >;I.:17I Ions; .".,-J"il sailinK, iii;ii,lli; tons: •_',lllil biirees, Ae., llil,:!lHi
tuns.

Iti I ii:|(iNS.— Tlie iirciliiniiiialiiit' relit'lmi. as .-liownby table 2, is Roman
Caliiulie, nearly mie amt a liali iililliuns lielon^in^' to tliai I'.iiUt . ,iiu
.\i!^'lii-aii, Presltyli'iiaii anil Metlioilisi Cliiin-Iies :ire pretty evenly repre-
lenleil, tlio lipiives lieiiis l'.i|,iU!l, .'ill.li'.is anil .■ir)7,l«il lespeetively. The
sali.iiiiiR'il lalile i-'ivos tlie eumpleto elassilieatinn :—

[ seen, the country although it snll'ered somewhat
Irombush lires.did not experience such aiiotlier
catastrophe as that which occurred in 1870, nor
such as during the fall of 18T1 swept over

; Northern Michiaan,destroying millions of dollars
worth of properly and causing the loss of many
valuable lives. On the sea there was no such
appalling disaster as the disappearanc(» of the

iiRiois AM) BlBTII-Pi.ACK.s.— The t'ollinvinu' l:ililes will iri\eiii eonve-
nienl shape the dilVcrent races or nationalilies tnnii whieli ihe peuple
were ileseenileil.as well iis the plaee of liirlll. Iiv eimsilltim; llie laller it
will be seen tinit of the enliri' pnpnl iiion 2,H|i2,.'17i* were biirn in the
I)oniiiiioii, anil lil.i.rio in other IJritisli I'ruvinees, leavin.i; r)S2,rjfi linra in
I'oreiKii eoiintries: —

Onici.v.

■^

■J

•£•-

■1,

'^- r

1 .1 111

711

AiIv(Mitist>'

.'l.l.'Vl

Will

f Alrii'nn AssKciiiti'tii

I..S.-4

.'ill

« 1 ll.ipd.'it.-'

niU'lists. i !-'ri'o Will or riiri.-^ti:ii» —

i;2.ii.-it

.'),:iiil

42,72.1

.'■)4,2ii.'!

ln,2.'ll

.'t,:i7s

27,stiti

11 1,1 1:12

1 1 nitiii

lii.^

liti

1 'riinkiT.-*

11,-1.'W

.'">

r.il.lr Itfliev.T.-i.

I'.'i

12S

^('hristiiin

1.5!;!

17ii

11)

Itrctliri'ii. ^ IMyinmith

M'uitt'd

l.li-S'.l

4111

fi'lS

.')

i'lithnlli's, HoiniMi.

27l.Ii'.2

l,lllil,H.-,ll

INi.lllli

1112,1101

riiristiiiii rmilenMico

11. -^^I

■Km

I, lis

1,1 Llo

*'imr! II «il iMinIatni , . -■

.•«lll.!l!l."i

ICIlii

4."i.W

•|.'i,12l

('iinynvLMtinniil

12.S;-iS

0.2MI

M'.il)

2,.''>;is

!-,v:iii;rcIi<*;iI Assm'iiitinn

\,^ySz

Ii'.:l

lli

liiTfk '■limvli

rrviiijfitt's

SI2

2il

■lews

.ils

,-,)'.i

4."

Kuilioruis

;.;■(,»,

I'.io

4,ii.">8

Miiliiiinotitn!)

l.'l

■Mctboilists ...

S,12S

4.:'.K':

.'i.i.'ai

l.iiii2

U esle.van

2><il.'.ill

'i;.7:',7

2i;,2l2

.".s.rwx;)

!';l'.i^''."l'i'l

!12.1'.IN

1,271

s;i

41 H

.Melimdist.-^.

I'riinitive

New Coiineetion

Ijrilish I'Ipiseiipal

t'alviiiistie

21.ii|.-|

1.'<2I
II

1,1 Hi
i:;
l.'l

'*7

"l
j

Dilile Christians

1>* •>•'."!

104

121

;i|

Monnniis

.(lill

I,^S4

.■II.S47

;V.i

l.-l

IVesIiytoriinis

l,'!,IM',li

il.OI.-i

2 lem

< iuiiiilj) iV I.i'wt'rPriiviiH'os.

2.'!i.4ii..

t7.'*7.'l

17,7li<l

7 ■..427

I*i!-I)y- Con. with t'li. DlSi-utlaiKl .

Il.'l.l(i7

l:i.ii2.'t

ii."i.'ln

21 .•"i."i!l

Ii'i'iiiiis. Ik'tnriiu'fl

ll..'il8

1,74:;

2..'L';i

3,7-22

Kviiiivrclieal Unnm

I.vt

:ti

Ol)

Aiia'i-icaii

4'.i2

427

l"il

I'rnu..-tjnit.'»

4,l'.|-i

ii.'i

!.'«)

(»it:ik«M'.^

T.lmi

117

2li

•Hi

S\vi'iit'iilmr(riiMif»

l,(m.s

1 ,ii'.i:t

7.'t

I rMMM>iili.-ts , .

1 ,722

1 ,li.'t7

.7.111

ii|7

otiin- Duinniiimitl(ni.-4

1, 12.1

.'14

2lii

i Atliuists ,

UillmutCmMl. ]li.'ist8.

f N'l It<'Iifriiin.

111

2.'t:i

4:4

.Vl

1,1 oil

:!7ii

7'i

N"t irivoii.

l:i,slii

l.Hil

1 ,i'.ii ,-iii;

.'1(12

1 ,.').V(

Tola

l,i;-2ii,H.^l

28.1,.'ill4

.■187, SI HI

Afrlean

Miiteh

KiiRlish •■■

I**renell

Iiermaii

1 1 reek

Ilall'-lireeil

Ilillllo

Iiiiliall

Irish

Italian

.fewish .

|_!ussiaii,riili-li

.Seanilinayian

Scoleh

Spanisli, INirtiiKueso. .

Swiss

Welsh

Various other Orli-'ins
Xol ttiveii

Totals

ihitario.

I.';.l.",.-|

l'.i.|i'i2

''--•'.-':l
l.is'iins

12,|I7H

ri.V.),4l2

.■(114

Hi 12

lisii

.■i2S,8S!l

21.'i
ifiO

5,282
2115

4, .'5118

1,1120,851

Qiieliee.

\ew
llrniiswiek.

Il2ll.vl7

ii.iis8

•2:1. I7s

.1:«i

1-ii

|.T|

4il, l.'is

142

17.1

28't

;12

1,1 .=14

l,llil,.'-.M

1.7M1
li.lHll

S;! "i!i8

44.1107

4,178

l.lii::

liKi.iii:;

III

21 » I

lll.SvS

22.1
lit

l.lilHl
1

:i7.'t

285,5il4

Nova
Seiilia.

ii.212

2,'^li8

IM.'i-.li

in/i'iii

l.Nili

liJ.sM
1.-.2

1.10,711

1,77^

1,112

l:!

l,52il

:i87,8IKl

IjIRTIIPi.ACE,

Ontario.

IJiiebec

\, I'.rnn.s-

wick.

Xovn

Sroti I.

Tot„ls.

Kinrhinil

121.oii2

12..'171

I.."!.""-

1 .( M IS

lll.i'.i'i

Irelailil

l.Vl.llllll

:l."..8js

■';; Ol!. 1

, , '.. .S

2lo.|.=,l

Seollanil

»m sii7

11. 21 ill

4.1 .'U

14.:;iii

121.071

Onlario

l,l:il,.'Hl

7,"W

jiiii

2-2:1

l.l:;s,7ii|

I{iiel.ee

Iii,l7il

l.Iiil.inl

2.11'.!

:i|8

l.ll7,i;ii|

.New lirnnswiek

2,81 ill

11 '2

2,'!7,s;i7

.'l.ll:;

2l."i,HI.S

NiiMi ."-leiitia

.'! -'1117

liiiii

."i 2.' 11'

;i'il.:ii'iii

:Mi.s:i-_>

1'. K. M.iiiil

1.1 V2

Ml 17

2,|0'.i

:;.21o

7,iii8

X.-W. A .Manitoba..

•'ii7

l.'.l

|o.-)

()|lier llril Piiss'ns. •

I.II7

7:il

I'll

.((•5

'2.7^11

I'liileil Stales

4:;.li«i

11.711

|,IKS

*J ,-.>'.'

ii|.ll7

Kranee

1.7.-il

.".I l.'l

r..'ii

2- 81 Hi

liennany

8"l|

'IV\

2:i.')

•24,102

Other places

Totals

It.Sllll

.8117

:;n:;

:ai

.^,418

1.ii20,s.-il

l.lill„-)lli

lis.T.riin

:i87,siiii

:l,,.,7,il

Kiiii-ATiiiN-.— The statistie.* itathcreil from tlio eonsiis, relatini.' to the
\ ciluciitional status of the population, are pnrlienlarly inlcresliiin. :iiiil
show that ill this respeel Caiiaila eumpares tiivorably with any other
nation, the per eeiilano of iliosi uiiablo In reail or write beinn rem irkalily
small, rartieiilarly is thi.s notieeable in Ontario, where the elVeets of the
I'lililie Sehool .system were nui.-t plainly seen, iiinl where only '-V. per eeiii.
Ill' the popiilation. over Iweuty years of au-e, were unable lo re.iil. aiiil.'i;
lier cent, of the same aire were unalile 'o wrile. In ijiiebee the ilillerenec
in the eiliiialional system was very elearly<liowii. over lH per eenl. of the
' piiliulation bi'iinr unable to reail, ami over 2ii per eciit. to write In New
Uriin»iwick7 pereeiit. e.iiil.l not reail, ami nearly 10 percent, eoiilil not

»'(■'■

III'!

2(it

TKTTLK'S UISTOliV OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Ctly of Bodun in the previous yotir, but still
ilicro wcro vi-ry sfvcrc storms od' tho const in the
si)riimniul lull, ami nimh diunai^c was done to the
shipping'. Till' total numbiT of casualties, as
reported to the De])artment of Marine and
Fisheries, was two liundred and nine, involvinu'
tlie loss ol' seventy-five lives, as I'ar as known, and
the destruction ol' property to the value ol'sil.SOO,-

writr. Ill Xnva .'^e"niia>^ iicr cciit. iMuiItl net reinl, :iml I'J p<M" t-t-iit. cuultl imi
wri'c. T^o exact ri'tiinis nl' tli-isf ,.\cr (weiity yoai-s ,il' aire unable to
read were : Itiitarici. males. L".!,!!*;; Tenia le.-. '.'T.'.iT.! ; tiilal, .'iT.:!?!': (ineljeu.
males, InT.T-iL'; females, Sl.iisii: tntal, l'.i|,><ii2: Xew ISniiiswiek. males,

llMl'T; reiiiales.-i,Mi"i: l.ital, I'.i.inpJ: Xo i .-<eiili i.iles l.i.Tl'.i ; females

IT.iiVl; t'ital.:il,.vlj : (irariil lulal niiable In read. L".i'.i..'iT.".. The returns ef
:!iiiso over L*n unable tn wrii*; were: Ontario, males, l*_',.')S'.t ; females,
."iii.il!! :t..tal;r!.'JL'u: (iueliee. males. l'J.'l,'.ii;ii : females, rjii.-^ii:.: |,.tal.i;il.7.!l :
.Vew liruuswieli. mall's, |:'..JI"i: feinali'-, 1 1- IJl : lntal.'JT.ii'1'.i: .\iiva S.'oiia,
males. Is.'.iiil ; females, J7,."'ill : t"lal, U'l.VJJ ; (.-ranil total iinalple to wriie,
112,11-. 'riio i»rosiM*ets of imi>rove<l enli;rliterimeiit in the next ^Mmeratioll
seemetl (o he c.xeellent.as a I tout l!i) per eent. ttf (he whole tiopulatinn were
KoiiiK to seliool. or two ihirds of the ehildren between the ases of si.\ and
sixleeii. The numbers were: Ontario, males, l'.«l,li"<( ; females, IS.'[,."!(12;
total, •■o'.i,.'.m;: (iuebee. males, '.i.t,7ilS : females, ;il.."vl'i : toiul. K",,.)!!);: Xmy
lirunswiek, males. J(i;!17: females, Is.l'.i): total, l^,.".!! : Xova Seotia,
males. |n,7.'>.".: females, .'17 ,7:»"i : total, 7S.|ss: L'land t"i.il i-'oiiii.' to school,
XA Xl-:. males : .■l.in,7i;',i females : total, iWl ,Siil.

I*'\itM SiucK, I.Mi'I.KMKM.s, Ac.— Table ~'l Ki\cs the number of ai-'ricul-
liiral im|ihiueiil.-,,Ve., owneil in the jiomiuioii, loaelhiu' witli workiiiK
.iiid farm ^-toik. We have only .-[laee for the totals of the i..iplements,as
follow i- : l.ijrbt i'arriiU--es,;>U,llii; vehicles for Iraiispcji-t, s|J,;">l.| ; ploui.'hs.
hallows and cull i valors. •"o.'l.bIS; reapers and mowers, ll.an : horse- rakes,
i'i.l.iKi.".: ihreshipij mill>,-«i.7.'i-"i : famiinK-mills. Iii7,'.«!|. uf workinu animals
there were. Iiorses. Ontario, oiiS,.'s."i ; i^ueliec, l:io,:i,jii : \ew lirunswiek,
.■>;.:;jj: Xova .-^coiia. Il.oi'.: toi.il, ol:;,I7I. Colls and lillies, Ontario,
IJIi.lli': Onel.i-c. .'o.n.^: .New liriin>wick, s,|i;i : Xova Sei.iia, 7,ii.'d : total,
I'.i:;.":;. Workiiii.'o\eii.<>nt:irio, i7,:Ul ; (incbec. IS..1IS: .Vew lirunswiek.
Il.l.y : Xov.-i Scotia, :;l'.'JI I : total, l.f.i.'i.^'.. The iiuaotiiies of farm .-lock
and of animals killed, ,Vc., are t-iven in follow iiiK tables :—

■:

>". =

■:

t'/j

Z-'

'y.

Milch

cows.

(i:i'<,7.'.'.i

inii-'dJ

\-;,L",ii

l±.',iWS

\sa:m>

mhcr

horiici

lie.

7II..I7I

:i->,-,7-J

i>'.i,.:.i.i

II'.i.hm

i,i;.i.-i.Mii

SI 1

l.-.ll.'.HI

1 ,iHi, smt

•j:;mI'<

.■Bis.:;77

:l.l.V,.."j|'.i

.'•Willi

S7l,oo|

::71,l.">i;

ti..,sil,i

•M.iiy

l,;ii;ii,ii.s:i

IliM.-.

of bee
killed

or ,»

'.U.iiiil

ILiU^

•'>,H.M

.■l.itts

Il4.7!i|

I'allh

•J77 :<^>'

l.v,.:',7::

■w .\-.\

km;,

.'in7,7l!.'i

.-bee.

killed

or.-

lid

s.-..i.r,l>-

lol.ll'.l

1'0,0.1L'

l:i'.i,i;:!l

l,.M7,l.iil

Swim

killc.l

or .-

777.l.!l

.'JJ.'i.tiO'.l

i;o,."ii;'.i

o'_',7'-s

l,L'lii.ii:i7

I'l

- ol w

'ol

H.lll,:iii."i

i7ii:i,:liil

7!"i.|liS

l.l;;2.7ii::

ll.ln.i.isii

Polllli

s.d h<

lie>

l,2»i,dlu'

i;iH,:;i(i

'.lll.lKIl

21 ,.t7 1

l.'.i^i;>,.'»iii

I'iKl.ii Prdiik'TH— Table S! shows llmt there were l.ii|ii,7si acres if
wheat a« follows: Ontario, I ..•!(m,s7:; : Quebec ■Jl2,7L.'i;: Xcw lirunswiek.
|s.Hs| : Xova Se.iiia. I'.i.'.*.!:! i If poialoc- ibere were 17l.idiiacres in Ontario :
li;'<,ls"i in lioebee : I7,ils'.i in .Vew llninswick : oJ."i'<H in .Vma Scolia ; total
in:!,lo2 I If hay I .i;'.«i,."yiS acres in (Iniario: 1 ,211.:i"i.i in (Jncbc- ; .111, 11:17 in
.New lirunswiek : H-'.'.Hd in .\ova Scoiia : total. :i.ir)n.lhi. Uf wheal '..re
were |ii.7J.'l.-"i7o bii-hcN. of wliiidi 1 l.j:^!,.'.*,! were in iintario: J.ii"is,ii7i; in
ijiiebee; '2ni,'.i|l in Xcw lirunswiek: 227. 1'.i7 in Xomi Scolia. Ilarley,
'.i,|i'd.2TI bii.diels ill (Iniario; l.i»W,2lW (iiicbee : 7li,.'il7 .N'cw lirunswiek;
i'.Kl.if.S Xova Seoliii: toi.il. |l,li»i,li:iS. Oats, Oiilario, 22.1:i'<,'.i,-.s liii..liels ;

(iiiel , |.'i.l|i!.2ii2: Xcw llniiiswiek, .■1,1111, I'll : Nova Seolia, 2,Iliii.(lli!i :

total, •12,h'.i,1.'>:l. Pens, Unlario, 7,iAI.''ilo bii-lii.ds : ijiiebee, 2.20.-|,r,s,'i ;
.Vow llniiiswiek. 21'i.VJi; Vov a Scolia. I'.i.7|il: total, !i.'.i(k\72". Itiiekwheal,
Onhirio, .Wi,l> bushel-; i^iel , l,ii7i).u7H; .Vew lirunswiek, l,2:il,n!l| ;

000 ; but, as usual, this does not reinvsent tlie
entire list oi" disasters, I'or there are always soiae
which are net reported to the Department. In
the St. Lawrence tht? season was the most
disasterons known i'or years. The I'all weatliin'
had been fine and open, but on the 2.jth of
Novemlier, a fierce north-west wind set in and
continued i'or some days, causing the river to

Xova .•!e(illa,2.'i4.1."i7; total, ;i,72ii,HI. Corn, Oiihirio. :;,1|s,|s7: ii,ieh,e.
iai.'i..t')ii: Xcw lirunswiek 27.iW; Xova Sc.iii.i, 2l,.il'.i: i.ii.il. ::.mi2.s:;ii.
Potatoes. I lata rio. 17,|:S,'.'.l bushels; ijucbee. lS.iiiN,;ij:;; Xcw lirunswiek,
(i.."iii2-.l'vi : Xova Scolia. ."i.rii;ii.'.i7."i ; tol.il, I7.:;::ii,l'<7. Turni;><, iiiitiii-io.
22.|.M,."d;!bushiiN: tjnebee, S12.il7.i; Xcw lirunswiek. iiii:;.721 : Xova .'<coiia,
li'.\l."»i: total, 2l..'iai,l7i.. Of other proiluds there were 74.11iii.-"iSl lli.<.
butter; Onlario. :i7.ii2.i.iil.) ; (<uebee,2l,2S'.i.l27: .Vew liriinswick,o,ll."i.'.i|7;
Xova Sioiia, 7.1id..vil7. Cheese. Ontario, :i.|.12.7'.i7 lbs.: (;iicbee. .•il2.|:i"i :
Vew lirunswiek. l.'il,7oS: Xova Scotia, ssl.x.i;;; loial. l.'.isi.si:;. I If dressed
llax llicii' were 2.:\>'l.7il-'i lbs., of wdiicli iiiilario produced l,li''i,117; (Jiiel.cc.
l.27ii,21"> : .V"w lirunswiek, :;7.'<1'> : .Vova Scolia. Ill.'''<'<. The nuiiiheror
■ards of honie-iiiadc linen was. Ontario, 2.'J.''02 : '^lebee. 1 ..V';i. ibi; Vew
lirunswiek. 71.211 ; Xova Scolia. lll,'.iS7 ; total, 1,771.1 In. Of home lande
cloth there were ?iill.:i|7: Unlario, ! ,77."),.12li ; IJuebcc, ,'!,:'.S'.i.7oi; : Vew
liriiiiswi k , I .H'in,S2S ; Xova Scotia, l,l7i;,iio.l : total, 7.i'dl,'.il7. The inmiher
of pounds of maple suirar was 17.27il,iJi|, of which Ontario produced
Ib2l7.||2: Ijuebee, lii.l'.i7.|IS : Xew lirnnswicdi, .■tS'.i,i»l( : Xova .Sc.iia.
|ol.l!«l. of fruits ihere were i;,.l.'!">..il"> buslicN of apples : l,12o.lil2 luiiiiiib
of trr;ipes, and .TvS.mi.'i bushels .d' other fruits.

Pitniu I IS u|.' Tilt; Fnni:.sT.— The total liumbcrof cubic feet of liinberof
all kiiirls was Im.i;i'.',i,H71 , of wdiich Unlario imi.luced ■;.;.l!ii'i.-:l'i; (;iiclree.
21,i '.i.iwl; X'ew lirunswiek, •:.7sii,.")il7 : Xo\a Scoii;i, l.oS.l,lii:i. The various
kinds were as follows: White pine, Ontario, 1 l,7!il.2n:l cubic feel ; (.iiichcc,
S.S7b,e.;i) ; Xew lirunswiek. •■!."n,'..2il: .Vova Scotia. 2:W,i;.;si : total, 21.2.>i.sj|.
lied pine. Ontario, l..'i21.i>:iH eiibie feel : tiuebee. .'il7. .il.") ; Xew limns wick,
I'lii.I.i'.i; Xova Seoti.i. 22.0211; total, I ,'.i.>l .:172. Suiiiire o;ik. Onlarir,.
.1.1 ll,"! cubic feel ; iJuebec. ."i.l.ri.i."i ; .Xcw lirunswiek. 7,:>ilO : Xova Smiia'
IHi.l'.il: total.. ■I,:iii2.n|s, Tamarae. Onlario, 1.22o.lll eiibie feet: IJuebcc,
.■l.'.i'.>l.~i7S; .Vew lirunswiek,. ■!i»i.~<2."i; .Vova Scolia, I Iii.'^lil : total, "i.iSio.'.H'-'l.
i llirch and iii:iple. (hitario. '.I2,2iill cubic feet: tjiiebce, ;"xKi.'.io."i ; Vew
lirunswiek, ^27 ,:i|."i: Xova Seotia. ol'i,727 : I ilal, 1 .'.'■■i:i,:l."i7. Klin, uiilari".
1.777 .'.«i."i cubic feol : (Quebec, ."i:;,2.''.i: Xcw lirunswiek, 1.2."i(i : Xova Scotia.
2011; total. I.s:i2.il.'i|. lilack waliiiil. Il7,.'i'>',i eiibic feet, Ontario. Soil
walnut. Ontario, 72,21 1 cubic feel : (Jiiebec. 2H..l-<2 : New lirunswiek, IV' :
Xova Scoiiii. 2.2ii.'i: total, lo2,',W|. Hickory. Oiitiirio, b)7.',i7.') cubic feci:
(Jiiebcc, :«i,ill2 ; Xovii .S'olia, 2|ii ; total, I'.i7,'<27. .Ml oilier limber,
(bitario, lil,."ili|,lll.'l cubic feet; (Juebec. In.ll l,i 10; Xew liriiiiswick.
2,l'.i2bOH; Xova Scotia, :i,iiiW,iHi.'i; total, 2ii.2'.io.2iil. Pine lo^s, Onliiri'i.
o.7i:i.2IH: Ijiiebee, ."i.idl.."i.l2 ; -Xew IJrnnswick, I21l.lv"i: Xova .'<coli:i.
177, Is7: lotal, 12. Ilil.liw. Oilier lo-s, Ontario. I,2.Vi.iH|o; (Jucliec.
:i.ii2'<.720 ; .Vew Ilrun«wiek,.'i..-i:i.l,l."i2: Xova .^eotiii, S'.i;..",ii.". : lolab :i.:;i l.V,7.
.Masts, spars. ,Vc., Onlarin. I.s7(i ; (Juebee. '.i|."i22 ; Xew lirunswiek, ll.-'i:
Xova Scoli.i. ln,i;:;i : loial. 12l.liS,"i. Slaves. Oiil:irio, 20,liill: tJncbcc.l.M :
Xcw Driinswiek, 717: Xova Scolia. II. '^11 ; loial, .■;l,7iiil. Cords of l.iili
wood, Ontario, b'^OO."!; tjiiebec, 7,1 h: .Vew lirunswiek. 2,1'.I0; Xova
Scotia. 1.12 1 : tolal,2.">,ii"i7. Cords lanbark, Ontario, .'io.s.vl ; I Juebee, Hi. nil ;
.Vew liriiiis»ick.2S,22S: Xova Scolia, 1 2,.lss ; total. Iii2,521. Cords hrewood.
Onlario, |.,"d'.).:i20 ; tjiiebe'.', :t,172,iil2 ; Xew Brunswick, ."d."!,!;?! ; .v,,va
Scolia,. ".211, 172; toi:il, s,7'.!,iKi.

Tin; 1'i.siii:rii>.— T.ible 2ii conlaiiis sialisties rel.iliim' to the fisheries
by which il ilpjiears that idl vessels with li.osl m,.n, and |i''.'>7il bieits. ttilll
oO.'d I iiicii were ennai-'ed ill Ibis imporlant piM'^uil. .\ll the Proviiicis
more or le^s eiiKaued in il, bill the ureiiler piirl of ilie bnsinc.-s was in lio
.M.irilime Province.-. Vessels emtau'cd, Onlario, 2ii ; ijiici.ec, llii; Vch
lirunswiek, l.Ki; Xova eolia.7'^2; loial, OHl. .Meii-Onlario, 7;i; IJiichcc
sill; New lirunswiek. ."..■17; Nova .Seolia, .".,".7:) : loial, ii,'.is|. Ilonls-
llnlario, l.lol; Ijiiebee, 1,7711; .Vew llriiiHwiek, .I,!*!.! ; Xoval^colia, 7,'.i|ii;
lotal, Iil,s7il. .Men— Ibilario,2.:io7: IJuel.ei'. il,'.!'.".!; .Vew llrimswb-k. |.77il;
Xova Si'oiia. I^i'i'i; loial, 2".,sii7. Sli..ii.iiicii— iJucbee, '1,1 l.l; .Vew liruns-
wiek, 72il: Xovii Scolia. 77H ; lolab l,il|7. Kalhoms of iiel-Diibirio,
PJ'.i.'.i.'.H; Ijiiebee, ;il.K,ii;il ; New lirunswiek, li'i,.!'.! ; Nova Seolia. M'.'i.ii'l ;

flO\M':RXMI<3NT OF I,OIJD MSfiAIJ— PRfXCIPAL RVKXTS OF IS7I.

IM,-.

I'loozo rapidly, and a largo number of the fall ] damago was done to them hoyond tho loss of
lli'i't wore caught in the iic and groat damage I' time, and consoqnont oxixMiso. Below Qiiel)oc
done. The river closed very suddenly at ' and down the C!nlf, however, (ho case was
Montreal, and a number >f barges and small dilteront, and the following vessels were crushed
craft were caixght and held in the harbor in the ice and became total wrecks : fShij)
until the ice broke up in the spring, and Ardmillan, 987, Montreal to Liverpool ; bar(jue
many ocean-going vessels had to winter at; Chri/xeis, 477, Montreal to Glasgow; ban^ue
various ports in the St. Lawrence, but little Emigrant, 475, Quebec to Greenock : l)arquo

liitiil, l,ST!M:i,5. Flahom^■ (if fii.-oinci', IJntarin, II; (iuebi'C, 1,W; Xcw
I!riin.''\vii;k, liill ; Xovii Seiitiii, 771: Kiliil, 2;i2;i Tim products of tho
n.«hrric!< will bo fi>iiii(l in tliu InllowiiDf table:

.1^

C...1 Oiiintiili'.

i;i;i.7iJ

.■17.->il

.■iSll..'il»,s

iK2.n:l

Il;i.l.|"ck, liiikf,p..ll..ek ••

l.sxl

IT.LIMl

III1.I1I-J

I'.ii.-ji:!

."iitlliHl-i illni tullglK'.S— b:ilTt,'Is. .

.•!.'(J

STI

1.2111

lliTrili«

'.',-il 1

IWI. IL'S

isi.?ii;

i.s.-jik;

I17..1IH

il,i.-|i:iri'iiu.\

2''.t

ls,,-,;;i

ln,;;;»s

2'.i,117

.M.I.k.TOl

."i.S;)7

li.lJl

r.;i,hl7

77,'.!2.T

.-ar.lilic..- •• ..

ii,|.">7

111

h.t.i2

,l;llilmt

8'. 11

Pti

->.^:u\

.■i,,"it;ii

.''ihtiMii

.").:tl!i

ii.:{tii

4,-.'ls

l.i,("i7

,-ll:l4 •• ..

i,i;ii.i

:i,.^'!2

7,ls:i

12.:!xii

i:i'i>

1-J7

r<.-<h'<

ISS

1,-Ji;-J

7.i'i'.i:l

Whitt'li.-li

21 ,1 l.-i

l/xil

■ >7

2:;,iil7

■l'l"lll "

l".:n.-i

1.7l'I

L'SII

:17-J

l!i.72'.i

iillirrlish •' ..

12,.-.:w

r>»,i7!i

(1,11711

1,:iii7

M,Ki2

I'lirt-il niL's

i-i

'.nil

H^^

2.1i:!l

ilvsiir.-* "

i:s;.'i:!
217

1.2">7
l.liiri

It..'i<KI

e.i.I liviT oil— Ktxllon.**. . . ■

Ml'>!l

2.4'.il

.-(.(fj

ai-i.d;'.!!

7.')..>>2ii

2S7,'.C''.

Haw MisKR.tt, Proiuct.s.— Tho total iiriHluctioTi of koM who 22,941
"iiiiiis, of which Ontiirio proiliu'ccl IW ; (Jucbcc, "..III; N'uvii Scotia,
l;i..h;i. Oiitiirio WM.-' Ilic "Illy I'rovinci. inoiliiciii!.' iiiiy ~ihcr, the c|iiiinlity
lichii:i;!i.l;i7 (iiinccs. Ooi'Pcr ore. Ontario, l.itlKons; IJiiclicc, ll,:i2ii: New
i Ihiiii.-wick, ."ill; Iciliil, l,l,:!l(i. Iron ore, Onliirio. .■!il.72ii toii.< ; (Juchcc,
'iJ.iKil ; Xcw r,riin.-wick,!,il70; Nova Scotia, :i,'ii''i'> ; total. 12!i-'to.'l. Pyrites,
iliit.irio, ;Vhi Ioiih: liucliee, 2,:iilil: total. •Jt.*(»>. ,Maiii.'iiiiese, Xcw lirinis-
wi.'k. I7r) ton,< ; Nova Scotia, liHI : total, lUCi. Other ores, Xcw Uriinswick,
Iiil"ii<: Xovii Scotia, ll,iO:i; total, ll.iiii:!. Cuiil, New liriiiiswiek, l.i.-'iii2
Ions; Xova Scotia. ii.">7."im>: total, il71,iKls. I'.'at, IJiichec, ll,.i|i7: Xuw
llriinswiek, liai: Xova ocotia, l-'i: t.ilal, 11,772. I'liiuiliairo, (lneliec, 270
Ions, l,uinp irypsiini, Ontario, l.i'lli; New llriinswick. M.ii-'i'.i : Xova
.''e"lia,'.iii,."i||: lolal, II 1.1.1:1. IMiospliiite lime. Ontario, 1 .'.i7."i Ions ; Xova
.^cilia.ri; iiital, l.'.iin. Miea, iJiiclicc, l.oi"i piniinls ; New liniiiswick. 10;
loliil. 1,0111. Criule pctrolcnni. Oiilario, VJ.'.iiili.l.T) pillons. Oraiiieil
tn;irlilc. iliilario, 8,iS7(i ciiiiic feci. llniMiiiK stone for ilrcssinn, Ontario,
2,IKi:i,7Il: (Jiiebcc, I,ii7|.;!ii2; Xcw liripi.-wiek, SI0..V.2; Xova Scotia,
ii2S.|71; total, .^i,2(i(l,7!ii). Kooliiitf sl.ilc, (Jiieiicc, .|..".;i:l s.piarcs; Xova
Sentia, 1,4211; total, li.lH.l.

Isoi sriiiiis.— Iliiiler this hencl arc irronped all the nniiiiiiaclures of the
lioiniiiion, and Iweiily-seven talll^sare re.|iiired lonivellie very elaborate
.stjitisties nailu'i'ed. It is inipnssible for lis to irive more tliiin a \cry con-
densed sumnnir.x', and we shall, (herefore, only iiotii-e these inaniif:ietiires
llic value of whose |iro,lncls exceed one million. .Vi/rieiilliiral iiiiple-
iiienls, nninlier— (hilario, 17:1; (Jiicliec. il'i ; Xcw Brunswick, I ; Xova
Si.olia,|il; total, 2"i2. Hands employed ; Ontario, inali's, 2,11", females,
'-■"): fiiiebce, males, :17s ; New Urunswick, m;iles,7: No\a .s^cotia, mah'S,
I'.i; lolal, 2,.'"i III. Vcarly wat'i's ; Onl;irio,.«!7r>,i;ii:) ; (Jncbcc, .■!dli."MW7; Xew
Uruiiswiek, $2,l«l; Xova Scotia. $:!,274 ; lolal, AS.nl.imi. \'aln(. of raw
iiialerial; Ontario, .»;7'.«l.ii7:i ; tjiiciicc, $'.i7,ls.'>; New llriinswick, $S7ii:
.S'ovii Scolia,.sil.'.il:i; total, .S;'<S'.i.s|7. Value of articles pioiliiced ; Onlario,
>i2.2.il ,',ih:i ; (Jn,.l„,e, .$.'i,S2."i:i2; New llriinswick, .s:t.SII|; Xina Scotia,
.*7.iii;s; (nial, .*2,i'.s."i,:i'.i:i. Ilakeries. nunilicr— (liil;irio. :w:l ; (Quebec, 171 ;
New llrnnswiek, 41; Xova Scotia, Lli ; toi.il, ',i2i''. Hands employed:
Iliilario, nnilcs. I,III7, Icnniles, i;i2; tiuebec, males, l,iiH!l, females,"!;

Now Brunswick, mules, IIH, females, 1>: Xiiva Sc.lia. males. Ill,
females, 211; total, 2,r.7l. Ve:irly wai-'es: iintari... .:;:;|i'.,2-">l ; Oiiebec,
.•;2ii."i,2i2 : Xew lirunswick, $:i2,illl; Xov!i Sc.tia. s:!ii,'.i22: toiiil. ..^iWo.KBi.
\'alue of niw material; fintiirio, s2.iii'7.ilol ; ijnebee. .■<2.:ilo,i.^2 ; Xew
I!ninswick,.^10S,ll7:i: Xova Scotia, .vJ!i:!,:tiKi; total. .■f:|.S74.vi.s. Value of
articles produced ■■ (}ntario, S2,!i.vi,7|il : IJuelice, .ii:i,2.><:!,i'i2:l ; Xcw liruns-
wick. S27',i.l;il ; XovaSe.ilia, .$:«i-'>,'.i|.i : tol;il, ,s.i;.o|j,ir,;i. lilack.-inilhiiitt,
number— (•iitario,2,sii I ; (Jiiebec. 2,12;i ; Xew lirunswick. I'.IS : Nm.-i Seotia,
7i4 ; total, ii.27.i. Hands ciuiiloyed : I Intario. I.^lo ; <inebee, :; :;i 1 ; New
nruiiswiek, Siiil; Nova Scotia. 1.22il ; total, Ili.JI:!. Yearly w;ii.'es : Ontario,
:?l.lS2,lil7 : liuebec, ,-;'.S7.s;."ii'. ; Xew lirunswick, .Slll^.o::ll ; Xo\:i Si'otia,
S21S..V.!!; tot;il. *2.217.222 V;iluc of niw niateri:il; Onliirio. .s7l;i.o."d ;
[ Ouubec. .il.:" i'.'.i7; Xew l!ninswick,.Sli>l,l's"i : .N.oa Scotia, .1il.s2, 17:; ; total,
81,52,1,41)11. Value of articles prodiieeil; Oiil:irio,s2,72'.i,7iiil;tiuebec,.>l,."v.'',i,-
lioS; New liruiiswiek, tol2,'.i:ili; Nov.i Scotia. S.a'.ij.-,I:i ; total, .*j,:all.4id.
j Hoots and shoes, iiiiniber— (hitario, l,oii"i ; l^ucbec, l.llo ; New liruiiswiek,
I .Till; Nova Scotia, ll-i; total, l,l',il. Hands einiduyed : Oiiiurio, iiniles,
• .'i.iMii, females. 7iil ; IJuelice, males, i'i.22:i. feuniles, :;,ri|2 : N. i 'irunswiek.
males, iCii, females, ^11 ; Xova Scotia, iiiah-. l.bTi. fee, . i7S ; tot;il,
ls,7illi. Yearly wat-'es ; Ontiiri". .sl.."i<;o,os7 ; liucliee, .. ...'ss,'Js."i ; New
lirunswick, $27i;.ii7S; Xova Scotia, $:i-i|,nil ; Mtal, .■?l,l.io,s;iii. V;ilue of
j raw material ;i Ontario, ;i'2,:Ri7. Ills; (Quebec, ,$l,K'l,c'..'iS ; New lirunswick,
! .st.'io:i,i:il ; Xova Scotia, $ll2,:'i7i; total, .{7,li27,lVi. V.iliie ..f arlichv
j prodiicod; Ontario, }),'j,ii2-'>,15.") ; (Jiicbcc, $11.117 1,1S7 ; Xew lirunswick,
I $li7ii,l57: Xova Scotia,. il, ii->7,.'i:ili, tot;il,$Iii,l:t:i,i;:i'<. t'.iliiiiel and furni-
j ture- number — iiutarin, -"1:111: tiuclice, 2l*i: New liriin..wiek, l-S; Xova
I Scotia, -"iJ; total, <i4, Ibinda e!U|il.i,\ed : iintario. males. 2.ii II. leuiales,
j |:{:{: t^uebee. unilcs, l.o;:l, female.-. 57 : .New liruiiswiek, 171 nodes ; .\ovii
j Scotia, males, 2lt-"i, fcm.-iles, :'ii ; total, 4.:!t'i'. Ye:irly wa^ri-s ; iinl;irio,
I $7!i!i.i'ili."i ; IJuebee, $,Ml.oli:i; Xew lirunswick, *51,"ilo; Xova Scotia,
j jliii..5ii7; total. ^l.lSli.iri. Value .if raw material; Ont;irio, jo:;7,oiiri;
' (Jucbec. .*:!iV'<.012; Xew lirunswick. .■i4ii,7ll7 ; Xova Sooti;i. ,»:i'i2,:l.'i7; total.
?1,414,774. Value ot arti.-les imiduced ; Ontario, f2,:>,«i,ii75; Quebec,
; .T;'<.5ii,4ld ; Xew lirunswick. .'fil'ij.li'l ; Xma Sc.itia,,>;252.4i;o; total,. *:;,.5so,;i7h,
I CardiiiR and fiillinif mills; Xumber— Ontario, l.'.S ; (^m.bee, :i2'i ; Xew
j l!runswiek,7il; Nova Scotia, OH ; total, li'io. Hands eiiiployi.d; (int;irio,
I .'iti males, 5 females ; (Jiiebec, 474 niales, 72 females ; .New lirunswick. Ins
[ males, .14 females; Nova .^eotia, l")."i males, 4:1 females; to|;il, ;,_'24.
Yearly wa^'cs ; iiiitiirio. $'i4,iliil; (^iieliee, ■?.">il,72S ; New lirunswick,
■■slS.lsii; Xova .S'liti;!,. ^20.271 ; totiil f 1 lil.:i7il. \'alue of raw material:
Ontario, .■f415,ld2; Quebec, .Sl,i«i2.ss5 ; New lirunswick. Jls3,"i47; Nova
Scotia,. S21il,;illS: total, *l,SIs,iVi2. Value ofarticles produced: Ontiirio,
.■!i5;ili,S57 ; Quebec, $I,2iw,lil5 ; New lirunswick. .>;2.12,ls:i ; Nova Scotia,
S274,s;M; total, .J12,2"i:i,7ll4. Ciirpcnters and ,ioiiiers ; Number— Ibilnrio,
.5.'i:i; (Jnebee, 1,215; New lirunswick, loo : Xova Scotia. 2lll; total, 2.n'isi.
Hands empboed: Ontiiri.i, I,7li2; Queiiec, 2,So:i; Xew liruiiswiek. 211;
Xova Scotia, 'ilil; total, .".,los. Yearly wat'es : Ontiirio, .?,5I7,17S; Quebec,
$i>2;),2il5 ; New lirunswick, S47.S7.1 ; Nova Scotia. s.l2ii, 12s ; total,. SI. 1114.7 '4.
Value of niw material; Ontario, .$117. Hi:; . linebcc. ■*s,;2.;i!i5 ; New Uruni-
wiek, J57,4I4: Nova Scotia, .$71,,"i4ii ; total. .SI ,:ili,i.!i2s. Value of arlielesi
produced: eninrio. .s;l,2S4,o|; ; (Jiicbce, .$2.ii:i2,2s,'i ; Xew lirunswick,
Sl'U,li|0; \ova Scotia, j*27S,10.'l; totiil, .s:),72ii,:t|5. I'arriiiKc-makinic ;
.Number— Onlario, 1,421 ; Quebec, S41 ; Ni'W lirunswick, 17ii ; .\nva Scotia,
illS; total, 2,il:ii;. Hiiiids employed; Ontario, 4,7ii:i males, 17 femalcH;
Quebec. 2, lilt males, 14 females; New lirunswick, 47ii niales, 7 feiiiiilcs:
Nova Sc.ilia,42s mules ; total, 7,71is. Vciirly wanes ; Ontario. .>;l,2"ili,7lNi ;
tiiiobec,:<4ll4,lis2; New lirunswick . Jb'iii.iisu ; Novii Seotia. ■SI»l,7il5 ; total,
.$1, sol ,.5111!. Value "f nw material ; Untario, .$SS7.sil| ; Quebec. ,^:vS2.|."i4 ;
New llriinswiik, .^sl.Ull; Xova Scotia, .>i2,sii; ; total, ..?!,:11I7.7:)I. Value
ofarticles produced; (Intario, s:i,ii7S.HII ; (iiiebce, Sl,2fi7,7;iii ; Xcw

^'t ■;! V

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l\ ill

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Tl TTMrs lllSTOKY OT Till'M>0MlN10X OK CANADA.

liii'li;

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I '

Mmi/ Eliza, 8SS, (^ucboc to Marseille's ; shij) Three I
Belles, ."ilU, Muiitival to Glaso-ow. The follow- i
in!i' wore badly damauod IVom the same caxise : i
barque Amelia, o48, (^uebei' to Newcastle ; barque
Ali.ta, 348, Montreal to Liverpool; ship Pride of
Eniiland, l,3r>G, (Quebec to G-reeuock ; ship
Pomona, l.lOo, Montreal to Glasjiow ; barque
Viola, .")95, INIoutreal to Liverpool. None of

r.ruii.Mvick, .■<:ii>i.ri.;i: Nnvi Si'c.iin, .^•Jii|.iij:i : IhImI, SI.'ilO.'J.'M. CiMiper-
iii-'c, miinljci— IPiiliiiii), i^Si ; (iiK'l)Lt', 472 : New l!riiij.<wii'k- I'.ll ; Nova
S.M.tiii. 4!I7; tiil:il. 1.7:'.i. Il.iiul.' ciiipliiyoil : (Jiiliirii.. l.s:!7; t^ucljee,
7','ii: New I'ninswh'k. 'M : .N'nva Si'i)tiii,''i4S ; tnial, 3,141!. Yearly wat'cs :
llrituri". -■?l7S.li»: (iui4.!'i-. .■iST.IilW ; .\c-w liniiiswiek, *17,-")1S; Xova
Si'ij|ia,$'«i.il42; filial. >illl.li'>L'. Value iil' raw material: Ontariii.S'''ll'.ii7ii:
i.iiieliei-, slll.l"j;; .N'eiv lliiiii^wii'k. Sl I.IS'i : Nma .<eiilia, $44,'JI'.i ; lulal,
.siWii.L'70. Value nf arlii-le.i iirmliieeil : Diilariu, .^l.'Jil.Sin ; liueliee.
s:iL'(i.;i-i!i;Nevv Mriiiiswii-k. .•;:;s,7ii7 ; Xuva Si-.iiia. .sl-Lain : liital.S;l,77:.',(iiV).
iPress-iuakiittt ami miltincr>', iiiiniber— Onlariii. I'.'3: i^ueliee. •'>'Si^: New
liraii.-wiik.'Hi ; Nnva .-^i-iilia, Ai;: total, '.rtl. llaiuls eiiiiilnye.l : (liilariii.
tiiales, 111.'!, females. li-Hj;; : (iueliee, males, lii, t'eiiialcs, 1,-17: New
lirun.swiek. males,'!, leinales. '2ii3: Nova Scotia, males, S, females, 214 ;
tol:il, .'!,S77. Yearly w,i>.'es ; Dntiirio, J27."i,'.iil7 : Quebee, S?M7,7iiS : New I
llriiiiswiek, .i!:i".'il-') : Nova Seotia. slil.S:,7. total ,Sliio,I17, \'aliie of raw '
material : I Piitari", sSlo.oU : liuebee, .>V'7,27."> : .\ew liranswiek, snii,li73 ; i
.Nova ■Scoliii, .*',il,:C") : tot:il, .*l.r)Sii,li.i7. Value of :irtieles iirmliu'cil :
ilntario. .-;l.:i,">ii,IS;) : tjiinbee, SXH.:,'.ilS : New liranswiek, .-jlbiS,:;:!!; ; Nova
Si-utia, $l.iS,8.S2 ; total, s2,'iX"i,io'.i, Klour :imi1 t-'rist mills, mimber—
Ilntario, !i."0 : Ijiicbee, Sin : .New llrirnswiek. 2:'-'!: .Nova .Scotia, 3111 : total.
2,2;rt. Ilanil^^ emiiliiyeil Ilntario. 2. 7."i',i: lincbee. l.riiK; ; New ISriinswlck,
.111; Nov:i Meoti:i. 41il: tot:il. 4.',i',i2. Yearly wanes : Ontario. ?.H3.),il5!l :
IJiieliee. $'Jiii.2iJl : New liriiuswick. $Vi,',Ni7 : Nova Scotia. Jli2.tW7 : total,
*! ,232.S7'.i. Value of raw material : I lntario.?2-'.iU"i,Sl4 : tjneliee, »S,l:"il,7'.i7 : ,
New i;runswiek,>Hr,i;.i',iW: Nova seotia. sKili.Jin : total, *32,474.">I8, \'alue
of articles |.roiluccil : Mnliirio. S'27,115.7ii| ; liueliec, $'.i,*i7,7n ; New
lirunswick, .iil.it"i;i,:t:» ; Nova Seotia. *l,llfl8."')l : total, «3'.i,l:i."i,'.il:i.
I-"ounilrics anil iiuicbiiie-workiinr. number— Ilntario, 2'>8 ; (iuebee. Ill:
New I'run.swick. .'!l : Nma Scolia. 3ii : total. 4311. Haials employeil ; i
Ilntario, males, I,ii71, females, lo : liaebce. males, USiai, fcmale.s, 2: New i
lirunswick. linO in:iles ; .Nova Scotia, 4|a males: total, 7,iV"i3. Y'early !
wanes : lliit:irio, $l,r»S7,iil'< : tiueliec, *173,217 : New lirunswick. *2lili,8,')4 :
.Nov:i Scotia. $liiS.72tl : tot:il, $2,42.i,SI.\ \aluc of raw material : Ontario,
sl..57il,ii'.i3: IJnebec, sriii5,IWI : New lirHii.swick, $h'.i,|i|7 : Nova Scotia, ,
sU")."l7: tot il, $2.I27,4'.'3. Value of arlieles iirmluceil : Diilario, i
sl.iai.sVI : IJiiebcc. .^1,11117. ISl ; New lirunswick, .siiie.O.i'i : Nova Seotia, i
S4iW.I22; toliil. .■>7.32ri,"i31. Sailille or Iniriiess-makinir, niiinber—
Ontario, Ii7ii : (Jucbcc, 2:!-'i ; .New llmnsivick. ill : .Nova Scotia, liii ; total.
1,1141. 11, mils emiiloyeii : Ilntario, l,7ol niales, l',i females : Qiiebec, .WS
males. B females : .New lirunswick, l.Vi m.iles ; .Nova Seotia, 143 males: I
total, 2.i'i'',i. Yearly wanes: Ontario, .S4iil,41i;: tjnebec, Slili,37ii ; .New I
lirunswick- .*l2.1llli : Nova Scotia, .S.'i-!.3!i3; total, >lli"3,241. Value of raw {
imilerial: Ontario, .$732,1131 : Quebec, S272,iiliS : .New lirunswick, s5li,H:il ; j
.Nova Scotia, $4s.7iiii ; total, .-il.lM.iiiH. Value of articles iiroilueeil :
Ontario, .Sl.i'i-ri,:i'.i'i ; (Jiiebec, .*.'i72,r.li'i ; New lirunswick, $143.11111: .Nova i
Scotia, $1114.414: total, .$2,4ii">,.:21. Saw-mills. mimber-Ontario, l,s,37; j
IJueliec, l,7os : Niw lirunswick, 5il-"i : Nova Scotia, 1,141; total, fl,2i;i. 1
Uaiicls cmiiloycil; Ontario, males. b'l.MiO, females, 51: tiuebec, ll,SrM ■
males, lli fcm:iles : New lirunswick, 7, i.'illmate.s, 4 females : Nova Seotia,
2,'<."i2 males, li females: total. .')5,iis.s. Yearly wanes: Ontario $2,il7">.31iil : '
(Jueliee, $M!.l-"',ii77; New Brunswick, $l,|oii,)ii2: Nova Scotia, .>!.'lii,n7 ;
total,, $ii,iil2,ii|i!. Value iif raw material : Oiitiirio, $7,|lis.2:il : Quebec,
,$.'i.lt;H,7.'3; .New lirunswick, $3 ,74 7, in 13 : Nova Scolia, $7'io,lil7 ; total,
.i:lil,7NII,li'<7. Value of arlieles iirmluceii : Ontario, $12,7.1.1.741: (Quebec
$li,.i4'<,slil : New Brunswick, .<il.57.">.76li : Nova ,Seotia, $1, 31i7 ,11.37 : total,
,^;iii,2^il,247. Taimci'ies, number — Onlario, 42il : t^uebec, 42ii: New Bruns-
wick, lli1 : .Nova S ia, ln'i: tolal, 1,112 llamls em|iloyeil ; Onlario,

l,.">il"* males, 111 females : (Jiiebec, I,il7il males, .Mi females: .New lirunswick,
.141 males: .Nova Scolia. ."il."' males, 2 females; total, I,2ii7. Y'early
wapes; Ontario. $4111,1113: (Juebcc, .$:ilil.7.'i.3 ; New Brunswick, $Hll,4r'7 ;

ihe.so mishaps were attended with loss of h.
the crews in all cases managinu' to reach shoie.
The most distressing marine distister of the year
occurred in New foundland. On the •2oth May,
the schooner Lidle Belle left St. John, Nild., for
Old Pelican, with forty men and live women on
board. Shortly after leaving a storm sprang-
up, and the schooner becomiiiii' unmanageable

Nova Scolia, *122.1iill : total, $I.H'iil,2o|. \'alnc of raw material: iint:irii.,
$2,l37,.'1.37 : (Quebec, $2.^31.211: .New Brunswick, .$.1.11, olKl; .Nova Seotia,
! $ll:i,41i."i: total, $5,712,1142. \alue of articles iiroiluceil : Ontario. .$3.12.1 -
21.S: Quebec. $ |.:i'.t7 .11111' : New lirunswick, s.5ih;,722 ; .Nova ,S'oti..|, ,$7illi- ||
(1113: tolal, $li,Wt.li32. Tailors and clothiers, r.nmber - Ont.irio. 1'I2; jl
Quebec. ."►■>ii : New lirunswick, >i^l: Nova Scotia, 117 : total. Lrml. llamls '!
emiiloyeil: Ont-irio. 2.44-"> males. 3,S13 I'em.ales : tjuebee, 7iiil males. 2,|s7 ■
females; .New lirunswick, :.'il2 males, Hill lemalcs: Nm.i .Sei.iia, 2;;ii j
males. :;|ii females; Inlal, ll,iri2. Yearly wanes: Ontario, $1,2)7,111: ■
Quebec, .$:i7><,."ilil: Ne« lirunswick, $|s.'>,2ri3 : .Nov:i Scoli;i.$lil2,71il; total. !
$l.ll23,tKlli. Viilue of raw inateri;ils: ilntario, ?3,117,ilil7 : ijinbc,.. il
1iI.5,S3,liil2: New liiaiuswick, $hl4,lill: Nova Scolia, $-'2il.>i-SS ; lotal. |i
,s.5,31i3,12ii. Viiliic of articles iiroduceil ; Onlario, .$5,42."i,4iJ4 : linobcc, i]
$2,riiV' ,111111 : New Brunswick, .$s2il,x.ll ; Nova .<eot;a, $127,SSI : tniiil, |l
.$li,.345,S7.">. Tin ami sheet iron workinn, number — Ontario, lln : iiucbcc. ■ I
2i;i ; New Brunswick, 1.5: Nova Scolia, 47 : tot:il,71i3. Ihimls emjiloyeil ; [
Ilntario, l,2lll males, 1'. fenmlcs; IJuebcc, '^Ib males, 3 females: .New |
lirunswick. Ill males, I females : .Nova .Scotia. 13.3 males ; tot. il. 2,:bi|.
Nearly wanes: iinliirio. $.!ilil.':i; : Quebec, $M-"'.|tll ; New linni.-wicU,
.s2li,3!ili : Nova Scoli:i. .-;.i7 .mil : tolal, .$.5lii*. liUi. Value of r:iw material ;
Ontario, ■$>'li2,32ii: Qinjbec, llil.HU ; .New Brunswick. s.V-;,:i-iJ ; .Nova Scotia.
.$ilil. 1 l-'i ; total, $l,I3.i,."«ll. Value of articles |iroiluceil ; Ontario, $l,.i27.- I
2711; Quebec. .$s2l..3lli: New B-unswick. $11.3, II-S; Nov;i .Scotia, «127,";ri; ii
totiil, $2.3ii2.ii:iS. Wool cloth makinn, number— Onl:irio, 2.3.3: (Jiiebec, 2.:;
.New Brunswick, il; Nova Scotia. >* ; total, 270, llamls emiiloyeil; Hn-
lario, 2,lill mali's, l,-'>3."i fcnniles: Quebec. 2ss imiles. 2iVS lemaies; .New
lirunswick, in males, -"il fem;iles; Nova Scolia, l.'i males, II I'cmiles:
totiil, l,4.5.'i. Yearly w;incs: Ontario, .$7i;i,lill: Quebec, Jiltx.Il'l : New-
Brunswick, $17,254 ; Nova Sciiliil, $3o,|.5ll ; total, .$lil7,~*27. Value of raw
imilerial : Ontario. $2,7iiil,21.! : Quebec, $.3711,431 ; .New lirunswick, $72,l«iii:
.Nova Scotia, .$5H,4liI : toliil, ?3,2I7.lliW. Value of articles iirmlueeil ;
Ontario. $l..5v,l,l 111 : tjnebec, #iil)I,li7S: N'jw Brunswick. ;;I2ii.7iKi: .Nova
Scotia, *!ili,752: total. $.5,507 ,5|li. Breweries, number— Ont:irio, ln5: ijac-
bee. 21' ; New Brunswick, 4 ; .Nova Scotia, 2 : total, 1.17, llainls eiuploycil :
'Intario, 572 males, 4 fenuiles : l,iucbcc. .3lo niales, -.3 Icniiiles : .New Bruns-
wick, 21 males ; Nov;i Scotia. Ill males ; lot.-il.oW. Yo.;irly wanes: ilntario.
$I74.7ilS: (Jiiebec. $102,13.5; .New Briinswitk, ss.siiU; .Nova .Scolia, $;,.5iKi :
total, $:.1i3,l 1.1. Value of raw- maleriiil ; Ontario, .$5>eJ,l,-i7: Quebec,
.$:«-i,Uli: New Brunswick, $l2,ss3; .Nova Scotia, .<ll,7.5o ; total. .$'.il2,Isii.
Value of articles lu-oiluceil ; Onlario, .sl,ll«,;ilii ; Quebec, .-sSIil.ltill ; New
Brunswick, $3X,.-WII; .V.iva Scotia, SS7 .000 ; total, S2,MI,-J21i. Cheese
laetories, number— Ontario, .32!; tluebec 25; .New lirunswick, 3; .Nova
•■-^eotia, 2; tolal, 353. llamls employeil; Ont:iiio, -577 m:ilcs. 3.'12
females; tjuebcc, .17 niales. 40 feinalos; New Brunswick, i> inalc<.
1 lemale : Nova Scolia, 4 males, 1 feinaio: total, 'Xv- Vc;irly
wanes: Ontario. $1111.7^3; tjiiebcc, .sV.osil ; .New Uruiiswick. $sso :
Nova Scotia, $1,'<HI; total. .-sU'll.lL'il. Value of r.iw luatcrial : nnla-
rio, $l,135.n7S; Quebec. .?liil,!ilii ; .New Brunswick, 'r5,3r;o ; Nova Scolia.
#12,:ioil: total, $1.24:i.liot, \'aliie ofarlide- proiluceil : Ontario. .-;l,|5|,:ii2;
(Jiiebec, $121.11111; Ne,v Brunswick, .$7'.o75 ; Nova Sciili.i. $lii,"00: lol;i|.
.?l.riOl.73H. l-'iirriers ami halters, numbei — Ontario, 5S: Ijuebec, ilH; New
Brunswick, 2; Nova ,Scotia, 2: total, 131. Ilanils employeil : Onmrio.
mi niales, .'1.55 females : (Jiicbcc, .1^5 males, S70 females; total, ^^U.
Yeiirly wanes ; Ontario, $11.3.ii|l: Quebec, $2.51,S2S: New Brunswick.
$I2.S.50; Nova Scotia, .$1,700; tolal, .$3S2,|Ili \'alue of raw niiiierial:
I Intario, $25.5,(18.5 : Quebec Sl,25.-l,il74 ; New Brunswick, ,^27,|oO ; N.oa
Scotiii, .<i,5IKi; total, $I,.531i,i'>5ii. Value of arlieles prmlnceil : ilnl.-iri",
$.513,IH'i: Quebec, S2,302,li71 ; New Brunswick. $51,|0ii; Novii Sc.aia,
$7,.50O; total, $2,S75,liilll. .Meat eiirinn. mimbcr-Ontiirio, loo; Quebec,
.ill; New Brunswick, .30; Nova Scolia, In ; lolal. I'.ii. llamls ployed :

Ip-li:

(JOVKRXMKNT OF LOIM) LIS(iAR— rJUXCIl'AL KVKNTS OF 1S71.

2(17

Wiis run on shovi', the crow ondoavoviim' to savf

llu'inselvos I'l tht> boats, but only iivc of the

j men succocdeu, and forty men and the five

' womi'ii were drowned. What made the disaster

; more distressing was tliat all tiie men on board,

I with one exeeption. were married and had

laiuilies dependant on them. The unmarried

man was saved. On the lakes and inland

i waters, the dama!j,e was comparatively light, the

j total number of casuallies being seventy-five,

the majority of which were slight, involving

iiiitiirii), I'riS mules, ;13 I'l'iiialos : liueliec- SI nulci', 7 l'ciiiiile.< ; New Hriiii.--
\ni-k,5!im:ile.-<, 2 fcmiilc.,i ; Ncivii S('nli;i, .■ill iiialcs. I reiiiiiU' : tn(Ml.«71.
Vidiii,' 1)1' nnv iiiiiU'i'ial : Ontiiriii. .i'J.'ilJ.'JiVS ; IJiu'tici', .■~-M.i,l.l2: New liniii>-
wick.^ll'i.'-lll; Niivii S.'.>lia..'S-Jl.Hs:, ; (dtnl. .>lJ,!i4L',TSi;. Viiliiu ill articles
|.r".|iii'i!il:(liilariii,.«:t.Ili.:,lL'2:l)iu'lii'c.$l'.'!i.71il.-Ni'w Iiriinswii-k,-*M4.47.'! ;
.V.na Sculia, !f.i'.',2-l I : liilal..S.'l,7!i;i,;'>52. Vui'.rly wane- ; iliitiii'in, .■<!1i;,()L'():
i;ili'l)iM', .S17.lil7 : \i'W l!i'uny»'irk, .^".iMIS : NipV.i Si'. ilia, .■<.1,-":)1 ; tiilal,
sn.",::7i;. I'rintiiiKollii'i's: niunlicr. (Iiitario, I'.ll : (iueliei'. US : Xi'W Uruns-
wiik,::i: Niiva SiMiiia,^"i: li.iiil. .iilS. UiunU i'iii|ilii,vuil : Oiitariii, l.iiiiJ
iniili's 1-- IVinales; IJiii-lii'i-, l.OS", malivs, 15il IVinnlu.- ; Xi'w Uninswifk,
-"7 iiiaU's, l,'l I'lMiiak'S : Niivn Soiitia, i"i" iiiak's, 'J t'ciiialu!' ;
hiliil, :j,lsi7. Voiirl.v w,iKe.'< : Ontariii, ,si;iiil,S07 ; (iiiulioi', .^.'i74.47S ;
Niw lirmiswick, .■i7i;.iiS7 ; Xova Si'olia, $.sii.ii4i): luial, .s].lii4,012.
Viilau 111' raw nialurial : Urilarin, .<ii74,!i4S: Quulioc. S;ili;i,llS ;
Ni-iv l!niii,««ii-k, ^"11,40^ ; Xma Si'iitia, .•$I:!i),7b.'> ; tnlal. iil,Iii.i.'J2'.i. Valuu
"lartirlcs iiroiliii'eil : (Intarin, .sl,',ii7,liii7 ; (Jiieln'f. .»;>), is.il4"i ; .New liruns-
vvk-k,,'?l!Hi,il:HI; Niiva .'•■(■iitia, .s:'.-,;4.l(Ki ; tiital. ,<:i,li;ii,-jrj. Saiili. .|ni,v anil
lilinil I'ai'turii'S, numliei— Oiil:iiiu, I"»; ; (iuiliei-. 41 : New liniiiMvii'k. 14 :
.N'liva Si-iilia; 11: Intal, 22;;. llalul.« rmplnjcl : Untariii. l..'ilii mail's 2
li'iiiali'.-^: Qiil'Ih'c. ilini inali-s ii li'male.-: Xcw Iiriiii.«wii'k, l.'i7 males 10
I'l'inali's: Xova .Seiilia, lul male." ; tutal. 2,"ii|i. YearLv wane.": (Iiilarin,
.•ih."i.Oii'.i: (iueliee, .Sli2,447: Xew IJniiiswiek, .Sll,7:ii: Xuva Seiitia,
.s;iM.''iil: tiital, .•ii7:i.'i,71.'i. Value nf raw material: diitarin, .f liSO.S."* ;
ijui'liee, 5iWI0,''>ll2: Xew lirmiswiek, $1I),W>.'! ; Xova Seiitia, $S7,2ro; total,
sl.iil4.'.'HS. Value nl' artielei- lU'iHluei'il ; Oiitariii. .^1 Sl'i.HiiS : Queljee,
>l,17l.'i4'.i; Xew llruii.Mvii'k,.SUl';.'.i4 I ; Xova Senlia..sl7'.l,»"'n: lutal. $3.IK;8,-
I'll. Slii|i.v.inl>. niimlier— Unl.iriii. 1:': (Jueliee, 4.'i , New lirun-wiek, 7s ;
Nova Sentia. 112: Intal- ':.o2. Ilauil.'^ ciii|ili.,veil : Oiilario, 4iiii : (iuebee,
i.h'A: New Hniu.'^wii'k, ]..')ii|; .\n\ a Seotia, i.nr.S : total, il.lUii. Vi'arl.v
waws: (hitiirio, .sll'''<,liio : liuelne, .SIil4,''4S : New nrun.'iwiek, .s.'Jlii.iilii ;
Nova Si'olia, .s.>:il,Sll : tolal. .<1.4.M,o7.^. \'alue of raw material : Ontario,
.sl.ai.llH) ; (iuelieci .■i;.'iiJ7,77.'f : New Druii.-^wiek. 5:4;iS.liS7: Nov;i Seiitia,
.?ii'J7,:"i71 : total, $l,7(!.',.'i;il. Valuu ol'arliele> |iro,lueeil : Onlariu, .■?.'V>0,212:
ifiioliec. .^i.tel,4I(i : New Driiiiswiek. $l.lJSi;,744 : Nova Seolia, .-Ji.liSl.'.W ;
total, .•(;4,4.'i2,"ii2. Stone anil mariile-eutlintr, number — Ontario. 9S;
ijaeliee, 47; .New liriini^wiek. l.'l : Xova Seotia. IS; tolal, 17i'i. Ilamls
.'iii|il..ye<l: Ontario, .'"iio ; (Jiieliee. 4iii'. ; .New lirnnswiek, 117 ; Xova .S'otia,
Vi; tolal, l.li'f.i. Yearly wasie.i : Ontario, .sI77,412; Qiieliee, $l'.il),,\Sii; Xew
lliiiii-wiek, .■si'i.Hi::; Xova Seolia, .sM. 11)11; total, .-i|iK.o21. \'aliie ot raw
Mi.iterial: Ontario, .$l.'i!i,S27 ; (jueliee, .■iil7(l,.'is:i ; Xew l'>riin,''wiek. .s.'i9,117 ;
Niiva Seolia, ,i;21),14."); total, * IS.", ,117 2. Value ol artiele." iirmlueed ;
ilnlario, .S4V.i.S'.)l ; (Juehce, .■?4'.iO,7s;; ; Xew lirnnywick, .S77.2.Vi ; Xova
Seiiliii..'f44.'.™; tolal. $I,II72,S74. Oil relinerics, niimlier-Ontario, Hi;
ljueliee.4: total,. 'p". llaml emi.loye.l ; Ontario, 42<i male.s 4 l'ennile!< ;
Qiii'liee, liti male.'i. 1 female : total. 4'.I4. Ve:irly wages: Ontario, :ilsl,810 ;
(iiieliec, ,'t;17,.'iliil; total, .^::lt2..'ll!l. Value of raw material; Ontario,
•■i-l,'Jii;.741; (iiiehee. .■?174.:Vi|); i„ial. *I,.UI.2II. Value of arliele.« i.ro-
•lueeil: Ontario. .>L'.S4A.i:i'.'.i ; l^lueliee, .'f2!ii.iKKI; tot.il. $:i,nii4,iii'i!i. Soap anil
'•■nello-makiia, niimlier— Ontario, 'iS : (Jnelice. 21 ; Xow lirun.iwiek, 7 ;
Nova Si'otia. ti; total, 7.'i. Ilaruls emiiloyeil : Ontario. l.'iO ; (Juebee, '.12
iinile.i, li lemalc.i; New llruniiwii'k, 2'): Nova Seiitia, 24; total, IWl,
Nearly wattes; Jiitario, »47,(l!ii; t^ueliee, .$27,372; Xew llrun.'^wiek,
*7.'J74; Nova Seotia, .•*S,'.';iii ; total, $8!l.!i7-l. Value of raw material:
iiiiiario, $.',ii.-,.i«ii ; (Jueliee, J4M,;ai ; Xew nriin.'-wiek, $8S.18S; Nova
.<."iia, .•i«7o,ii.Ml ; total, .Sl,llllii,ia'). Viiluo of artiele.i iproilueeil :
Ontario, $.-)24,72(l; (^leliee, j;5.'ia,4'23 ; Now liruiiswiek, Slil7,U0();

the loss of two lives and the destrmtion of about
$3011.000 worth of property.

12. — Thi' year 1871 witnessed the departure
of the last small remnant of regular troops
which had been left to garri.son limi with.irawioi
Quebec ; and, after an occupation I'ormation' of •• .v

,. ,' , . * an.l •• li" liatteriesi.

ot one hundred and six years, Miiina eamns
the British troops were entirely withdrawn from
that ancient fortress and its defense turned over
to the Dominion authorities. With the excei)tiou
of two Infantry Battalions and some Artillery

Nova .Scolin, .■i(10;!,710; total. .■Jl,.'i2.'i,8,i.'i. 'i'objieeo workintr, num-
ber—Ontario, 42; tjueheo, 2'i : Xew Brun-^wiik, 4; Xova .Sentia,ii;
total, 77. Iland.i emiployeil ; Ontario, nniles ,'i.il, female- 4'"ni ; tjiiebee,
I'/it males, .V!M feniiilr.-; .New lirun.-wiek, ■'i4 iiiale.*, 'M females; Xova
Sootia, Imi males, 1'i2 females; total, 2,21i'p. Yearly wanes; Ontario,
.Sl''i7,4i'i; IJiiebee, .■*'2liil,l!i7; .New llrunswick, .ii7.275 ; Xova .Seotia, .^42.2110 ;
total, .'?4li7.0'.i-"'. Value of raw nniterial : (Ontario, .sl2l..'iS2; liuebce,
:siM),8il.i; Xew Hrniiswiok. ,^l:!,7iKi; Xiiva Seotia. .iliH.Hoii : total. s|.Ili7,7|.''i.
Value ppf artieles ipro.liieeil : Ontario, .*p'.o.'''.;:'<7 : tiui'lpi','. .sl.rjil.i^i'p ; New
lirunswiek. .$2i'p.Siill: Nipva Scotiii. s-J8S,;-,iiii ; total.$2.i:!"p..;|:!. l>i>liileries,
1 number— Onl:irio, IS; (Juebee, 1; Xova Seotia, 1; total, 2il. Ilamls
j em|p|iiyeil: Ontario. 1'21 ; (Juelpi'e, lo: .Nova Seotia, 1 ; total, 1i'p7. \' early
I waircs: Ontario, S!70,'<«l; (Jnebee, silii.lKHI; Xova Seotia, .^:1IKI: total,
,'i(18ii,8(ill. Value of raw material: Ontario. •'ii|,l41,ii71 ; (Juebee,
; $i'pO,IKtOj Xova Seolia, .■?-2.iliKi : total, ■?I,-2IH,07I, Value of artielcs ipi'o-

■ lUieeil: Ontario, .S:i,S7.'i,7o7 ; IJnelice. .s2Iii,iMill ; Xova Seuliii, $ii,78i); tolal,
: $4,(ili2,'"i.'i7. Knuine buililiiii.', number-iln'ario, li ; (Juelpce. ■'i : Xova

' Seotia, I ; total. 12. Ilamls emiiloyeil : Ontario. •'OS: (Juebee. |.'i7 ; Xova

Seotia. 42 : total. I.i«i7. Yearly waL-e.-: Ontario. .>l;in,'i7:; ; (Jueliee, $12il,:«S;
j Xova Seotia, .>I2.oiiO; tolal. •-^•''.2s.;ii;i. Value of raw material ; Ontario,

.•<2S'.i.l-"iS: IJui'bee, slin-o-'pil; Xova Seotia. .SI l.imi ; tot;il. .^I12.siis. Value
: of artieles |proilni'i'.l : Ontario. $ii7l,oiill: (Juebee, >-.'l'i,.'i2.'i : .Nova Seotia,
j .■^in.rini; total, Sl,ii|l.."i2"i. I'aiier maniifaelurers. immbei — Ontario, 12;
I (Juebee, 7; Xew liionawiek, 1; .Nova Seotia, 1; total. 21. Ilaml.s em-
i ployeil: Ontario, '2(i| males, sil females ; ijiiebee, 2.'iii m;iles, MS females;
i Niw Hrunswiek, 12 males. :\ females: Xova Seotia, S males; total, 7ii<l.

Yearly wane.- : Ontario, .■<'.i'.i,27ii: (Juebee.. ^'<:i. 17!; .New lininswiek.--:i7,o72 ;

Xova ,Scotia, .■?2-l«ill: total, .;l'.i7.s|."). Value of r:iw material; Ontaripp.
' $'2.'!l).2Jil; ijuebec. s27."i.S'2.'l ; Xew lirunswiek .'jiii.iKiO: Xov.-i Seotia, At, "x:(i :

total,, $52J,o7:!. Value of artieles prmlueej : Ontario, $lS7,.il«i : (Juebee,

■ f'i.')7.:i7ii : New lirunswiek. .■?.".7,liili: Xova Seotia, .S!i-o7."' ; toMl, Sl.li;i,i'p.'il.
Nail anil taek faetiiries, l.T ; emiiloyim '•''> males. 21 females. Yearly
wai:es,.iil',il,s70. Value of raw m.ilerial -i7iis.i|Sil. \'alue of artieles pro-

I ilueeil, $1,1 1 7, .'ISO. Hollinu mills. U; eaiiployimr 7i'iil males, 2 female.s.

' Yearly waitis. 5241,.''ii«i, Value ol raw material, .SI.HoiMH*!. Value of

t artieles prmlueeil. .■<l,iwn.iiii(l. Sewini/ m:iehiiie faelories. is : em|iloyinK

[ '.I'V: males, I female. Y'early wai-'es. $:i7'i.8|:-|. Value of raw niiiterial.

: .$'2i'i7,4t'.i. Value of artieles prinlui'e.l, .si,I2!.li'p|. Sajrar ri'liiieries, I:

employiiit' ■'■'■'■i males. Yearly waces. .$llH,'2il(l, Valio' of raw material,

,S:i.71ii.iKiO. Value of artieles prii.lueep|..S(.l:i2.7,'Jil. There were altiPi-'etlier

', Ullilill'erent imlustries haviiiK lii,S:l'.i faelorie,-. anp| eapital invested. Ae.,

a.s follows :—

.\(fprepate Value
of all Inilnstries Cai.ital In
in eaeli I'ro- veslmcnt.
vinec. i

Ontariii I j:i7.874.(i|ll

(Juebee j 2S,li7l,8riH

New lirunswiek ■] ."i,;i7il,l7ii
.Nova Seotia. . i'i,ii4i,l«''i'p

Tiitiil .

,1.1114,112(1

X.I. of,

llaoils '

em-
ployed- I

Yearly
Wall's.

Value of

Haw
Material.

\'alue of

Articles

I'i'piciueed

S7,28l!$2l.ll."p,7l(l
ili'p.7M' 12.;Mi.i;7i
I8.:i.">2; ,'f,Mi!i.:tri(i
i->,"i;i-"pi ;i,i7ii,2(;ii

^i'i-'p,lll,siM .-<lM.70ii,7'.l'.i
4I..'i-Vp,ii2'i 77.2iI-'i.I82
li,|:il.7i'pll I",.'iip7,i»7
.'i,Si)ii,'2'i7| 12,:i38,ll)-'i

1S7,!I4'.

?-|il,S.ll,ilOi) * 121,1107,8111 .^;22I ,iil7,77:i

,i il

liil ' I

ui '4

■ u

'(»■

, « r

I il

S ■

iii.i'i;

* I

I i,i.-r'

■:;!,!.■!

I'i^'if'!

f im^

•2C,A

Tl'TTLKS HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

and Eniiiiiccrs stationed at Ilalilax, no ISiilish \
troops Avt'iv li'i't in Canada, tlio British Govern-
nicnl having' fully tarried out its intention
of reniovinu' all the forces and leaving the
Dominion to i)rotect itsell'. The <iiirrison at
Ilalilax is maintained tliere siini)ly because that
port is the Imperial N'aval station in the North '
Atlantic, and not in any way as any prote<tion
to the Dduiinion. As it became necessary to have
some body ol'men to take care ol'the Ibrts, military
stores, ^:c.. handed over by the Imperial to the
Dominion Authorities, it was determined to Ibrm
two Batteries ol' Garrison Artillery, to be desiii'- i
nated as "A" and '• 1) '" respectively, to be stationed
at Kinuslon and Quebec, with detachments at
Montreal and Toronto, to jn'event the Ibrtilica-
i tions at those points iVom goiii!^- entirely to ruin.
These two IJatteries, which are in reality " the
army oi' Canada '' being the only reuular troops
in the Dominion, weie org-anized in accordance
with General Orders issued by the Minister oi'
Militia 20th October, 1871, and consist of alxmt
400 men, under command ol' Lt. Col. T. B.
Stranii'c. The ordiM- also provided that " these
batteries in addition to performing uarrison
duties shall serve as practical schools of gunnery
for the trainini:' of all ranks of the Militia Ar-
tillery, viz ; by instruetiiig gunners aiul drivers,
and allbrding oflicers and non-commissioned
ollicers o))p()rlunities ol' joining long or short
courses of instruction as may best suit them in-
j dividuaily.'' The Adjutant General in his
'annual report for 1871 says that " the British
flag that lloats over those strong holds (Quebec,
&c.) is as vigilantly guarded, and the morning
gun as reuularly lired, by the Dominion Militia
Artillery Corps " as during their occupation by
the regular forces. The withdrawal of the troops
gave a great impetus to militia matters this year,
and the lu'W system of forming large camps for
eight or sixteen days instruction was tried for
the lirsl time with considerable success. Camps
were formed at Niagara, Laprairie, Goderich,
Levis and other point.s, and :i2,.V14 officers and
men i)erformed si.<teen days drill, aiul ."),210
eight days. The total enrolled strength of the
active militia on 81st December, was 43,174, of

whom 34,414 performed annual drill, 27.7"»4 in
camps aiul the remainder at Head Quarters.

13. — Several imjiortant chani^es w^ere made in
the I'ost Office Department during- the year.
which tended somewhat to in- ,.„,,„, ,.,,„„^„^ I
crease postal laeilities, but the ''"■""! i''"-''^'- '

(lovernment did not yet see its way clear to
inaugurate a system of free deli series in cities,
which had been iiriivd for some time. On tlie
30th June the contract with the Inman line of
steamers for carrying the mails between Halifax
and Liverpool, and vice versa, expired, and, the
last mail from that place by that line was
despatched by the Oil// of Ballimore for Liver-
pool ; on the same day the Cih/ of Liver pool
arrived with her last mail from iMiuland. The
contract had been gi\en to the AUan line, and j
the first mail was ])rought out by the Peruvimi
which arrived at Halifax on the 11th July. The
m.ost important event, as far as the general pid)lic ;
was concerned, was the introduction of J'oslal
card.-,, which came into use in May, and proved
an imnii-nse convenience. The Postal system
was extended to British Columbia and Manitoba,
and the mode of keeping accounts in No\a
Scotia and New Brunswick was assimilated to
that of the other Provinces. Another very im-
portant change was that of altering the mode of
paying Postmasters from a per centage on .
receipts to lixeu salaries, which very muchsini-
plilied accounts and tended to make the service
more efficient.

14. — An event of no little importance to the
Maritime Provinces took place on the istli

October when the Hvu-opean and |||,,||. i-,,,., |,. ^

North American Railway was ,i'j|i,;),rJ'''nT,'''
formally opened from Bangor, '"• '• ""'""
Me., to St. John, N. B; thus putting the
Maritime Provinces in connection with the
American railways, and, by way of Portland,
with Canadian lines also, a route which, although
circuitous, proved convenient pending the
completion of the Intercolonial. The occasion
was made one of general rejoicing, and President
Grant and Lord Lisgar both assisted at tiie
opening cermonies and attended the grand
banquet afterwards. General Grant did not

I- :=.!,!•

!'■ r

(loVHRX.MKNT OF liORD LISdAlt— I'lilNCIPAL HVKXTS Ol' ISTI.

iiiiikt' 11 speech, but Lord Lisgar did and
t'xprossi'd hiiti.self as hiahly pleased with the
AViishingtou Treaty, lor which ho was pretty
scver'ly criticised by a portion ol' the press,
w Inch considered that the interests ol Canada
had been sacrificed by that notable document,
i'or the sake of preservinti' peace between liug-
landand the United States. An event, however,
which, lor a uionient almost threatened to
rui)ture that peace occurred towards the end of
the year, and caused intense excitement for a
.short while, but eventually blew over. As the
Treaty of AVashington had not been signed
until May, arrangements had been made in
anticipation of the openinii' of the fishing
season i'or the iirotecti(ni of our lisheries, similar
to those* in force in 1870, and six cruisers were
placed on duty to prevent the encroachments
of American fishermen. After the .signing of
the Treaty, and while the lisheries clauses were
still awaiting confirmation by the Legislatures
of the Dominion, and I'rince I'klward fslaud,
the Government of the latti'r Province passed
an Order-in-Council tliat American fishermen
should l)e admitted at once, and the crui.sers
were so notified. The Canadian Government
still maintained its ])roteclive force, and three
vessels were seized, the Sftmiisl Gilbert, the
FrnnliUii C. Schenck and the E. A. Ilorloti. The
liitler was cai)tured by the Marine Police
schooner i<iiije/>slake, Captain .lames A. Tory, in
Antigonish fSuy, N. S., on 1st Septeml)er, w bile
the crew wore actively engaged in fishing within
a mile of the shore, and was taken to (luysl)oro',
N. S, and placed in charge of the Collector of
Customs at that port. A Mr. Thomas Condon
was engaged to watch the vessel, but, on the
night of the eighth of October .she was stolen
from her dock by some friends of tlie owiu>rs —
l)y the connivence, it was supposed, of the
watchman — and taken to Gloucester, jVIass., to
which port she belonged. Tlu' rescue caused
considerable excitement at Gloucester, where
the wildest thicats of resislance to any attempt
to recapture lier were made ; but the Govern-
nieiit had no intention of attempting a recapture
by lorce, ami, after an investigation of the cir-

cumstances of the case, by whiih it was shown
that the persons in charge of the vessels had

' l)een extremely negligent, if not worse, adopted
the following ( )rder-in-Council, on l^Uh No-
veml)er : •' The Committee of Couiu'il to whom
was referred the <onsideration of the annexed

j report of the Honorable the Minister of Marine
and I'isheries, with the accompanying corres-

! pondence in relation to the rescue of the United

' States fishing vessel E. A. Ilor/on, have the
honour to report as follows: The Committee are
of opinion tliat the gro.ss carelessness exhibited
in guarding the vessel will be suital)ly requited

' by the loss of the i)rize money that might have
been realized fiad she been properly protected.
Tfie Committee consider that any ([ucstioii of
indignity to the Flag may properly be left to the
Imperial (irovernment who alone are competent
to deal with it. Believing that the rescxie of this
vessel has been planned by parties in the United
States, who, for objects of their own, desire to
create difficulty and thereby disturb tlie cnlcnle
coriUah' whieh exists between that country and
the Hritish Empire, the Committee of Couiu-il
do not feel called upon to recommend that any

I reclamation of the vessel in {question shall l)e
made by the Governnn'nt of the Dominion ; and
tlie Committee are the more r "uly to ad vi.se this
course from the conviction which they entertain

, that the Customs authi>ritiesof the UnitedStates

' will not, under the circum,stances as they exi.st,
furnish the owners of the E. A. ILirlon with the
paper.s re(juired to make her of any value. The
Committee of Council further reeommend that
a copy of this Minute, if approved ])y your Ex-
cellency, be transmitted with the annexed cm'-
respondonce, for the information of the Ifight
Honorable the Secretary of State for the Colo-
nies." A I'opy of the Minute was accordingly
forwarded and the lilarl of Kimberley siauified

; his approval of the course adopted by the Caiuv

! dian Government in a despatch to Ijord Lisgar,
under date 15th December, in which he says:
" This Government recognize w'ith satisfaction
the moderate and diunilied course adopted by
your Ministers. Such coiuluct is eminently cal-
culated to i)romote and strengthen the friendly

i! j.;i

i;:i'

Il I I

'I'
II

I :i

'!! ;!!

Ill

!ii

;|" I

I:, I
ii; '

!Tt>

Tl'TTLF-yS HISTOIfY OF TIIK DOMINION OJ' CANADA.

rt'Iiitions with the rnitcd Slatos Govcrnmfiit
which it is tho carnosl (losirc oi' llor Miiji>sty"s
Govoviimt'iit, as it musl l)o ol' Ihf D(»iniiiiou
(.rovcrnmoiit to see inaiiitiiiiUHl in their full
inti'iirnty. Tht> (rovi'niinciit will ciirciully con-
sidtM' whothcr the tivcumstaiiLH's ol' tho case
require that aroproscntation should ho mado on
the subject to the (iovcrnmcnt ol' the Cnited
States." Al'tev duly coiisideiiu!^- "the circum-
stances oi" the case,"' and consultin;'' the Law
Officers ol" the Crown, Karl Kimberley d(>cided
that " th(> circumstances do not rcijuire that a
representation should he made by Her Majesty"s
Government to the United States Government
on this subject," and so informed Lord Lisa'ar,
! under (bite loth February, 1872. There were a
I i>Teat many people in Canada who did not feel
dispo.sed to compliment the Canadian Govern-
ment on its "moderate and dii'iiil'ed"" course in
allowing a vessel to be stolen irom its custody
and not demanding- the return of the stolen
property, just as there were many persons wdio
did not admire the - moderate and diicnilied ""
course <A' the Uritish Government in quietly
.subniittini>- to an insult to the Briti.sh Flag
without thinkir.g it worth while to request an
apology : I)ut then people were gi'tting accus-
tomed to see England, iinder the Gh'dstone
Administration, snubl- d by foreign powers ;
and the Dominion Government really could not
help itself, for the llritish Ministry had shown
so decided an inclination to sacrifice Canadian
interests to the Inited States, that it was not at
all proba1)le it would risk a rupture with that
power on account of Canada, and therefore,
it was, perhaps, the wisest course for the
Macdoiuild Ministry not to demand the return
of the Uorlon w^hile it appeared improbable that
Great IJritain would support that demand, and
,so prevent Canada Irom being placed in the
ridiculous aiul humiliating position which she
w^ould have been had she made the demand
and then been forced to withdraw it, under
pressun} from the British Ministry, as would,
probably, have been the case.

I.'). — .Vmoust the events of minor importance
occurring during the year may be mentioned

the commencement of the exten- ,. .
sion of the Grand Trunk along ""'"»• '"i|."ri„iHT.
the wharves at Montreal so as to have access to
the East end of the city and form a Junction
with the North Shore and Northern Colonization
roads when they were completed. Tho sclienie
met with a little opposition from some parties
inimical to the Grand Trunk, and special objec-
tion was taken to a railway bridge being thrown
acro.ss the "Ijachiue Canal at Wellington Street ;
but the importance of the project and the
increased facilities which the carrying of it out
would give for the transfer of freight to or i'roni
the West, linally prevailed and the work was
carried out. The exhausted condition of France
after her terrible conllict with Germany c"uUl
not fail to enlist the warm sympathies of those
of French descent in this country, and a Com-
mittee was formed in Montreal, of which the
lion. Judge (.'oursol was Chairman, to receive
contributions for the relief of the suH"erers, and
a considerable amount was collected ai;d for-
warded. A visitor, whose advent had been
greatly feared, made its appearance in June in
various parts of Ontario, in the shape of tiie
Colorado Beetle, but, fortunately, its ravages
were not very extensive. This pest had been
seen late in the summer of i37<), Imt nut in
suIFicient <juantities to be ol" much moment, and
its first appearance in Canada " in force '" niay
be put down as June, 1871. British Columbia
was formally admitted to the Union on 2ntl)
July, and the Hon. J. W. Trutch appointed tiie
first Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, in
accordance with the agreement with the I'lu-
vince to build a raiUvay to the Pacific, several
surveying parties were sent out during tlio
summer, and jiortions of the Line prospeeled
The number of drowning accidents durinu' the
summer was quite unprecedented, and almost
every day furnished one or more victims, no
less than ten lives l)eing lost over the Falls of
Niagara alone. Amongst the \infortunates Wv're
Messrs. George Spi'ight and C. A. T.,od<ie, two '
prominent journalists connected with tlie
Montreal Gazette who were drowned in the
Lachine Rapids on the Queen's Birthday. A

(JOVKIINMKNT Ol' I.OIM) LISdAI!— TIIK FHNIAN HAID IN MAMTOHA.

:i71

vciv liiiiulsomn iiiomuut'ut to thoir memory was
alliTWiinls ciec tod in Mi)uiit K'oyal (V'metcry by
tljciv lirother jouiiialists. 'J'hc oxporiincnt of
(lie vi'ar bi'lore of iii(lu<iii<i- an Kiiu'lish crew to
visit Canada and row in our waters was
n'[)i'aifd ; and .laim's licnlorth, champion scul-
ler of ICniiland, with a picked crew consistinii'
of .lames Percy, Harry Kelly and Robert
Clianibers, arrived at Halilax on the 25 th July
ill the North Amniran, to tonipi'te with the
I'iiris crew of St. John, N.l!., in a four oared
race to be pulled on tiie Kennebecassis River
on ilie 2.1rd of AuLiust. The race took place at
the time appointed, but alter rowing' a short
distance Kenlortii suddenly fell back in his
huat and died in the hotel at Torryburn, where
he was taken, a few hours after. At lirst there
was a suspicion of loul play, but an analysis of
the stomach showed no traces of poison of any
sort, and the post-mortem examination revealed
the cause of death to be heart disease, brought
on by overtraining. Considerable progress was
made duriiui' the year in opening- up the North-
west, the Dawson road was completed and
iipeiied for travel and telegraphic commvuiica-
tion established with Winnipeg by way of
rembina, the lirst met age being sent over the
wires on the 24th November. On the 1-tth of
December, the Grand Duke Alexis, second son
of the Czar of Russia, arrived in Montreal,
wliere he renuiined a few days, and afterwards
visited Ottawa, Toronto and Niagara Falls. The
serious illness of the Prince of Wales at the time
prevented any public demonstrations l)eing
made, although preparations for grand balls
had been made at Montreal and Ottawa, but
the entertainments were abandoned, at the
recjuest of the Grand Duke, for the reason given
above. His visit, therefore, partook of a private
nature, but he seemed to enjoy himself during
his stay, and the writer remembers hearing him
say on the night of his arrival in Montreal that
he felt more at home than he had in any place
since he left Russia, for it was the first place in
which he had been received in a snow-storm
and had to ride in a sleigh. The last month of
the year was rendered memorable by the defeat

of the Sandlield Macdonakl Government in
Ontario, on the 17th of December, and the
formation of a New Ministry under Mr. IJlake,
particitlars of which event will be given in our
history of that Province.

CHAPTKK XXIII.

(;ovKRNMKNT()rb(>i;i>Lis(iAi;-'ri'Ki"i:NiA\

l.'AII) IX .MANri\)l!A.

1. AuinVAIi OK (rdVERNoU AUt'llI li.VI.D. TllK
Dir.I'K'Ur.T T.\SK HK HAD Ti) ACCi iMPLKSII. —
2. WaI.MIANT.S K()U Till", AKinCST <iK RlKI,
AlM'Mi:i) FOli. TltK Al)VA.\T\(li:nF HIS KMdllT.
— :i. Co-NOILIATOKV CoriJSK OI'' Till-: LlKl'T.-
GnVKl{^■|l!^. Al'l'OI.\T.Mi:NT.-i TO MxKCrTIVK

CouNX'ir,. — 4. Thk 1)i:ath <>f G(ium-:t. No

WAKIiANTS Olt Al!l!i:STS. — f). WUV l!K(tt'I-AU
TltoOPS SHOULD HA.VK in:KN LEVT IN Fi>KT
GAIlIfY INSTEAD OK VOI-UNTEEKS. — (!. TUH
WINTER PASSES ({UIETLY. JjETTEK KEEM.VCl
TOWARDS THE VOLUNTEERS. — 7. FoKMATIoN
OK A POLICE KOHCE. TlIE CENSUS. Loi'AL
ELECTIONS. — 8. I.MMKIRATION. LaND TRoU-

HLEs. — 9. Discontent ok the French.
Return ok Riel. •' General "' O'Neil plots
AN " invasion." 10. The Raid a coxtempti-

HLE FIZZLE. O'NeIL AOAIN ARRKSTED AND

released liY United States ArTH< )RnTES. —

11. GOVER.VOR AuCHIIiALDV PREPARATIONS
FOR DEKENSE. — 12. TlIE SECOND MILiTARY
EXPEDITION TO liED RiVKR. — 13. s5,0(IO
REWAItD KoR THE ARREST OK THE MURDERERS

OK Scott okkered hv the Ontario Govern-
ment. — 14. FEELIN(t CAKSED AMON'OSr TIIE

French hy the action ok the Ontario

GOVERMENT. — 15. RiEL AND LePINE ASSISTED

KY THE Dominion Government to leave
the country.

1. — We will return now to aliairs in ^Ianito})a
following the arrival of Colonel AVolseley, as
recorded in Chai)ter XVII. The \,.,.,v.,i,,r i,, ,i;,,v
position of the Colonel was rather ;l,';;il:i,'i';'';.U'|,'^''i„„i
peculiar, as we have already ''""■'"'"i.iisi..
stated, on account of his not being invested
with any civil authority, and he was, doubtless,

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TIITTF-K'S IIISTOIJY OK TIIK DO.MI.VIOX OF CANAHA.

very ir\i\d to bo ii'licx cd from rosponsiltility by i
till' lurival ol' Lt.-CJov. Ai(liil);ild, on lln> 2iul of
Si'pt('ml)or. The nnival of tho Lit'iitenaiit- |
Crovcrnor hiul l)t'i'n putposfly ck'hiyi'd until afttT
that ol' ihc troops ;* aiul he had, niorrON cr, lost
a day lookinu' lor th" tcrniiiuis of the road I'rom
tlu' North- West An^looi'tht' Lakooi' the Woods, it
having been arrani^cd that he should land thore
andbi't'scortcdliyapartyoi'thiM itizi'us, to be sent
out l)y Hishop Tache to meet him, to "NVinuipes? ,
))y the new ly made road ; l)ut his guide could
not Hud the landing place, and it was as well he
did not, tor the Bishop, who arrived at Fort
Garry the day bi'fore the troops, had not been
able to raise an escort to meet him, aiul so he
would have I'ound no one at the landing. The
new Governor was kindly, but not enthusiasti- i
(•ally received. The French element was greatly
dissatisiied that the amnesty which they had been
led to expect had not been proclaimed, and it |
needed all the power and influence of Bishop
Taehe to persuade them to quietly submit to the
new order of thinys without the proclamation of j
the amnesty, which they were told was only
po.stponed, but would certainly be uranted. The
Canadian or " Loyal" party was equally dissatis-
fied, ^lany of them had suffered much ^t the
hands of Riel, and clamored for reprisals in the •
way of arrests and impvLsonraents, which tht; Gov-
ernment just coining into power did not see its
way clearly to make ; so that Governor Archibald
had a very difliciilt task to perform in attempt-
ing to affiiliate two distinct clas.ses, neither one
of which lould be thoroughly conciliated with- j
out giving oH'ence to the other. Added to this,
some immigration had already commenced, but

•111 hi.i cviilunce before tlio .'Select Ccmiinittci' cm tlio Ciiusos of the 1
.\orlh-\VL'sl ilittii/ullics. Lieiiten:iiit-(iovcnior Ari'liiljulii .-.liil, on ilie I'lth '
.Miiv. 1ST4: "Sir (icornf (Curlier) tolil iiiu he tlioiiitlit I hud heller not
arrive before the Ininp.", but that I hml lieilerbo on Ininil iininediately
■iftenvaiils. There wa» a (rood deal of di.«en>.>^ioii as to my route. The ;
Ui-[io|i a.-keil lue to bo by tlie Like of tlie Woods. I ,-aid I was williiiK
provided I was met at the ^■orlh-\Vl)^it Antfle by a deimtation from all
ebisses of the |ieo|ilc. The Iiisho|i's i.ro|iosition was that the Freneh
.Metis should meet me there ami cseort me, but I desired that lioth idiisses
of .Metis .-liould meet me, that I uii;.dit not enter the territory with one
class or parly (Oily. Upon that, the Itishop saiil, ' That should be done.'
When 1 went up I therefore made for the Norlh-West Ansle, and went a
day out of iny way, but my nuides, under the ehiirge of Mr. Pettier, were
unalile I i timl it, ihoiich we sailed a day on the lake in ijuest .d' it : landed
on the shore; faileil to lind any traee of the e.xpected eseort : and there-
upon we went en by Itat Hortaite and the Winnipeg. We afterwards
found that no eseort had been sent" |

it was mostly of a partisan character, tho.se who
came irom Ontario joining the Canndian p.irty
in its demand for the punishment of tho,s(> who
had lieen in rel)elli()n, whilst tho.so who were
from (Quebec supported the French party in ils
cry for amnesty and a general forgetful ne.ss of
the past. ]>etweeii the two extremes the
Governor tried to steer impartially, and that he
was roundly abused by both sides is one of the
best evidences of his sivcess ; and the peaceful
establishment of law and order, and tht^ restor-
ation of public confidence is another

2. — Of course, those who had suffered were
anxious for the punishment of Riol and his
followers, and warrants for the wiriMinsioriho

. ,, ->. 1 /\<ix 1 1 ane^l of Hii'l

arrest of liiel, ODonohue and appiie.nor. The

_ . ft ^ ad\aiita;.'e of his

Lepine lor the mixrder of Scott, "inht.
were applied for to Colonel Wolseley; he,
however, having no civil authority, could not
act, and recognized the Government of the
Hudson's Hay Company, under the managemeiil
of Mr. Donald A. Smith, as the only legul
authority, pending the arrival of Governor
Archibald. Mr. Smith, very prudently, declined
at first to issue a warrant, fearing that any
attempt at punishment in the then temper ol
the people — disappointed and angered at whtit
they considered the duplicity of the Canaditui
Government in promising amnesty,* and then
taking forcible possession of the country without
granting it — would lead tp fresh troubles ; and.
although warrants were siibsequently obtained,
the parties wanted had had time to make good
their escape to the United States. There is no
doubt but ..licit the flight of Riel was the best
thing that could have happened for the peace of
the country ; and this opinion was fully held
by Governor Archibald, for, in a letter to Sir
George E. Cartier, dated the day after his arrival
(3rd September, 1870), he says : " It is, perha])s.
the best solution of the question that these men
have taken to flight. Their iwesence here, in
the meantime, \,ould have been a source of
incessant trouble. Warrants for the appreheii-

• It lanst be rcmoiubered that Iiisho|i Taehe had iminii^ed in the name
id' the Canadian (Jovernnient, that an amnesty would be proelaimed, and
that the people Ihoucht he was authorized to do su. See chapter siii.
paragraphs 11,12.

, thoMi' wild

luliiin p;i||y

those wild

who WtMC

party in its
vtruliicsN of
trt'inas tlir
iliul thill he
i OIU' of Ulr

he i)oiicciul
[ thti ri'stor-

Tercd were
iel luul his

•nint^ I'lir the
si "f Uiul
liiMlor. 'I'ho
ilitjli:u 1)1' llJH
I.

Iseley ; ho,
, roukl not
ent ol' the
laniiii'cnieiit
only legal

GoveriiDv
ly, cloclini'd
f thill any

t(;injii'r of
•i-cl at what
B Canadian
^ and thfn
ry without
ihlcs ; and.
y ohtaini'd,
maki' good
rhcre is no
IS the host
ho peace oi' ,
fully hold I
tier to Sir
his arrival
s, porhajis,
these men
;e here, in

source ol'
approhon-

-imI in (he n;iiiii'
unichiiiiii'il.^iiHl
ite ohniitur .\iii.

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sion of
applit'd
in the
reeling
atti'inpt
have be
would 1
and wi3"
the abs(
I do not
the sam
writing
good de
his siipi
is very
evident)
is sure t
ness in
consequ
. ^l{iel, C
1 wiirranl
; thought
I way to
parties s
tioii. I V
woukll)
might ii
while sc
to proce
who we
chargoa'
explain*;
an amni
parties
which
as fatal
under i.
of the ci
Hall-br.
themsi'l
not be I
3.— C
tlovern

Colicilillt"!'
nl I hi' I.K'II
IliHIMIlHI'.
Atipxitlttllt'
Kxui'lltivi'l

at whic

GOVERXMKNT OF I/)T?D LISCiAR— TJIP: FENIAN RAID IN MANITOBA.

sioii of the thivo mon who have lied were
applied lor and obtained, and have been placed
in the hands of contstables. Of course, while
feeling runs 8o high as it does at present, an
attempt at arrest (if they had remained) would
have been met by resistance, and in the end we
would perhaps have had to call in the military,
and we would have had a world of trouble, which
the absence of these people enable us to escape.
I do not know whether Bishop Tachc will take
the same view, but I hope he will."" Again,
writing on the tenth, he says : " I have seen a
i;ood deal of Bishop Tachc, who assures me of
his support in the views I am acting on : but he
is very nervous about the amnesty, and he is
evidently fretting at the delay in what he thinks
is sure to come. He says there is great uneasi-
ness in the French population, and fears the
consequences of any attempt to arrest the trio
(Kid, 0"Donohue and Lcpine), against whom
warrants were procured bel'ore I arrived. I
thought it right to press on him that the surest
way to avoid any such collision, is that the
parties should not l)e found within the jurisdic-
tion. I have no doubt that any attempt to arrest
would be met with a desperate resistance, which
might in\<)lve a great many of the population,
while so far as I can learn there is no disposition
to i)rocei 1 against any i)erson btit the three men
who were considered in a peculiar manner to be
chargca1)le with the death of Scott. I have
explained to the Bishop that even if there were
an amnesty to-morrow, it would not save these
parties from possible attempts on their lives
which might be attended with consequences
as I'atal as the attempt to arrest, and therefore
under the present circumstances, in the interests
of tlie community, in the interests of tht> French
Half-breeds, and in the interests of the parties
themselves it would be better that they should
not be found in the territory."

;}. — On the day following his arrival the
(iuvernor had inserted in the Ntui: Nation (then
c.iMo;iininr,v I'lMiist. the only newspajier in the Pro-

111 fill' liii'iiloimiit- . , " , . .Ill 11

ii"uiii.,r. vince) a notice tliat he would

Ap|'"illlllll'lltM 111 1,11 .1 • il • , ,

K.vinmviCimiuii. hold a levcc ()i\ the sixth instant,
lit which his Commission, &c., would be read.

and on that day In? was waited on by the Catholic
and Protestant Bishojis and Clergy, and a nitm-
ber of leading business men and farmers of the
Settlement. The first impression made by the
new Grovernor was good, and although the
Opposition press tried to lash the Dominion
Government over his back I>y accusing him of
partiality to the French, yet his course, on the
whole, was highly judicious, and the best possi-
ble to re-establish order on a permanent basis.
His attention was at once turned to having a
census taken so that electoral divisions could
be made and an election for the Local House
held at once, as it was desirable that the form of
Responsible Government, provided for in the
Manitoba Act, should be inaugurated as speedily
as possible. Pending the election, and in accord-
ance with the instructions given him by the
Secretary of State for the Provinces, under date
4th of Atxgust, he appointed two members of
the Executive Council, leaving the oth'M- offices
va(.'ant until after the elections. The two gentle-
men so appointed were Hon. Alfred Boyd, Pro-
vincial Secretary, and Hon. M. A. Girard,
Provincial Treasurer. The following extract
from Governor Archibald"s despatch to the
Secretary of State for the Provinces, dated
17th of SeptemlKM", will give his reasons for
the appointments : " Thinking it was now time
to organize a Government, and that I had
become sufficiently acquainted with the i)eople
to form some idea of the material out of which
this coitld be formed, I have chosen a man repre-
senting each section of the i)opulation here,
and appointed them members of my Executive
Council. Mr. Alfred Boyd is a merchant of good
standing here. He is a man of fair abilities, of
consideral>le means, and very poi>ulur among
the English Half-breeds. He was chosen by
the parish of St. Andrews (the most popttlous
parish in the Settlement) as a delegate to the
Convention last winter. While highly esteemed
among the English party, he is not ol)noxious
to the French. I have appointed him Pro-
vincial Secretary. Mr. Marc Ainable Girard is
a I'^rench-Canadian from Varennes, lielow
Montreal, who has recently removed ht're. He

::.'U

!.,i!

ff. I:

![!*

!>■ .^!

ii I I-

;! i<:

274

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THK DOMINION OF CANADA.

V lis

is a Notary by ])roft's.sion, has bt'cu Mayor ol'
Varcniics, and is a "iontlcman of sonic propLMty,
and ol' ii'dod standinLf, and scorns to he tln'
noniinot' oftho French party. I have appointed
him Provincial Treasurer."

4. — On the ]:Jlh September an event occurred
which caused much excitement, and threaten"d
lor a moment to disturb the
Now.iiTiintsdr pcacc ol the Settlement; out a

prompt investigation of the cir-
cumstances of the case, and the evident
disposition shown to administer even justice,
soon calmed the excited feeliniis of the people,
and order was restored without any difliculty.
A man named Elzeav croulet, vpho had been one
of HieTs Councillor.-, and a member ol the
" Court-Martial ' which condemned Scott to
death, made his appearance in a saloon in
Winnipeg, was recounized and chased by a
man who had been imprisoned by Riel, and
some volunteers belonging to the Ontario
Battalion, and in trying to swim acro.ss the lied
River was dnn\ned. Xo Coroner had as yet
been appointed, and, in the absence of Dr. Bird,
who had been Coroner under the Hudson's Bay
Government, Governor Archibald ordered an
investigation to be held before two magis-
trates, Messrs. Robert McBcth and Samuel
Hamclin, and appointed Mr. II. .1. (r. McCon-
ville. a Montreal lawyer newly arriv<'d in the
Settlement, to conduct the case. The examina-
tion lasted many days, owing to tlie dilhculty
in gettinii' witnesses to testily, and in obtaininn'
a clerk to take down the e\ idence, the general
impression amontist the French >eing that the
investigation was to be used as a sort of Star
Chamber, to ol)tain information on which to
base a series of licncral prosecutions. Mr.
j McConville, in his report to Governor Archi-
j bakl. says; — "Some per.sons, as I have since
under.-tood, were under the belief that this was
j an iiKjuiry held secretly for the purpose of
I finding guilty parties, without any considera-
I tion of iini)artiality or juistice; hence, the
I diliidence shown towiirds us. Proper inter-
preters coidd not be found, and some time was
lost, in several instances, in trying to procure

them for the magistrates (one of the latter
understanding only the French language, and
the oth(>r ;)referring the use of the English
language). I took upon myself to translate,
when witnesses undiM'stood both languages,
asking them in French whether that which I
road in French was their testimony under oath ;
asking them in English whether that which I
read in English was their testimony under oath.
Mr. Mclieth understands tolerably well the
French language, and was satislied with the
translation so given. Some dilhdont poisons
seemed to show suspicions when I was obliged
to take the notes in writing for the magistrate.-^.
and I must say that notwithstanding the
ellorts of the latter they could not secure a
clerk for such purpose. One, after writing
one-half day, did not return, and could not he
found. Another, after writing two days, would
not continue, and refused to give his servi'-es to
the magistrates." The evidence went to show
that Goiilet had been chased by three i)ersoiis.
and met his death in trying to escape I'roia
them. Two of the parties wore known, a civi-
lian and a volunteer, but the third party was
not so clearly identilied, and it was proposed to
issue w^arrants in blank, to be lilled in when
the parties had been properly identilied. This
Governor Archibald did not feel justified in
doing; and. after the arrival of Judge .b)linsoii,
the matter was sul)mitted to him, and he
decided that the evidi'uce was not sulHciently
strona' to justify the issuing of warrant.s, and,
therelore, no ariests were made.*

5. — It would appear from the evidence that

• l-'riMici.« (iiHlsclmli .Inlinsnii, iMii'uf tlic .luclgc* ol' tlie SiipciiorCiMirl,
ijui'lici). hiiil IjiHMi. proviiiMs In .lui'li ii|ip"iiitiin'iit, Itccuiiler of Itiiin-rlV
I.iinil iiiiiliT llie liMvcnimuPtdf till! lIud.^iiirK liii.v Cciiiii'iin.v, ami. nl'",
lii.vt'riior .if llu' Distrii't of .As.^'iiiibniii. AI'liT llie imHsiiiri' ul' tlio
.M.ihilnim IJill it w^i.-^lliuiinlit iH'c'Cssiii-y to liin u ii I'lill riiimrl cm tlii' h\\\f
in luiri' ill tlie 'I'l'rrilnr.v .it tlie tiiiio iif Iriiii-rcr liniii llu' llii.lsiiiiV liny

C piiiiy, iiMiiilcT tliiil Ai'l.« limy Ijo iptriicliii'cil nt tliu lu'Xt .-c.-'.-'idii "I

I'lirliiiiiioiit ii.-siinil.itiiiK, ii.« fur us pi.^sililo. the >ysieiii cpf Criniiiwil l.inv
iiii.K'nniiiiiil I'l-.ii'lirc in .Miiiiiluliii In lliiiso ot tlio citluT I'r.iv iiuTS. iiii'l
.liiilu'i' .liiliiisun wii- jcluch'.l II,- Ihf miHt iMinpi'ti'iil pcr.-oii In pi'rfnnii tlif

.^•iiii'e. lie Wiis irr.llllccl iMic yeiir's Icuvc nl' .lli.-elu'i' IV till' IJiiche.'

Ili'iieh. .Mr. 'I'. K. KiiiM^iiy heiriL'iipp.iinl.',! In iiel in Ills pliico. ami liy mi
UiileriirCniini-il pa.-«'il .in 'Jnih Aiiunsl, IsT", was iiiaili! n CcunniissiniRT
Inri'iHirl nil the liiivs, in-, liyii siib-c.|ia'nl Onlcr. pas-nl KSlli Se|iliMiilic'i-,
(invi'i-iinr Arcliilialil \vii» aullinrizeil Inappninl .Iiidtti' .Inlinsnn Ke.'niiler
nl' lliuTcrritnry Inrnieily kimw us Uiiperl's l.iiinl, ttliiili he iieennliiialy
ilicl.

fiOVFJ?N^rEXT OK F-ORI) LISGAl?— TIFK FENIAN HAII) TN MANITOP.A.

the e)ids of jiistice avoiv made somowhat sub-
whv reu'iihir tn.ni.s spi'vit'iit to iiecessity in this case,
■ iMi':!;l(!!;irvi;i"i!^ui lo^ there was no doubt but that
"' -'"'""^'•■- the death of G-oulot was caused

l)y these three men — who liclong't'd to the C'aua-
! dian or "Loyal" party — Imt it was felt that
ill the excited state of inil)lio feeliun' to have
made anij arrest would, iu all probability, have
precipitated a conflict between the two natiou-
: alities and relia'ions which would have been
j I'ar more disastrous than the risinu- of the previous
winter ; it was, therefore, de(>med more expedient
to defer any action in the matter until popular
feeling should have become more quiet. The
fact was that the shoi't-sighted policy of the
British Grovernment, in its haste to withdraw
the troops from Canada, of immediately recall-
[ ing the regulars and leaving tlie volunteers as
' the only military force in the Province was
i already beginning to bear evil fruit. The
French Half-breeds did not tousider that they
had e\er rebelled again.st BritLsh authority;
j but, on the contrary, that they had only asserted
their rights as British subjects to a voice in the
: management of their own atl'airs by resisting
I the encroachment of Canada on those rights,
I and that they would not have obtained those
\ rights had they not taken up arms against
I Canada. They laid down their arms when they
thought that the object for which they had
been taken up was accomplished, but the
presence of Canadian troops amoiigst them, and
the delay in proclaimiuii' the amnesty made them
feel that they were being treated as a conquered
peo])le, and there was a very decided inclination
amongst them to again tak(> up arms and " fight
it out." To regular British soldiers there could
not have been any objection taken ; and it was
hoped that the portion of the (10th. which was
sent up, would have been allowed, at least, to
remain for the winter; but no amount of repre-
sentation on the part of the Canadian Crovern-
nient could convince the British Ministry that
the interests of peace would lie best served by
allowing the regulai's to remain a short time at
l'"oit Crarry until order was perfectly restored,
and they were brought back to(iiiel)ec to spend

I the winter there to no purpose, when their
]nvsence would have been of great advanlauv
in the North-West. It must be remembered
that the majority of the volunteers were I^rotes-
tants, and a large proportion of them Orange-
men, who made no secret of their desire to
•' aveniie the murder of poor Scott ;" that they
had neither the training nor steadiness of regular
troops, and that many of those who had been

I imprisoned })y Kiel and forced to submit when
they had not force enough to resist, were now
very anxious to avenge their wrongs and incite
the volunteers to a rupture with the French
party now that theEnglish party was the stronger
of the two. The majority of the volunteers
were quiet and orderly, but, .lufortunately there
were some turbulent spirits amongst them,
and as grog-shops wen> altogether too numerous
in Winnipeg, there were several " rows," so
that, after the death of Croulet, Colonel Jarvis
thought it most prudent to stop the leave of the
Ontario Battalion for awhile, and prevent their
going into Winnipeg at all.

G.— Meanwhile Kiel. 0"Donohue, and a num-
ber of their lollowers had established thi'mselves
at St. Joseph, just across th(

boundary line, and were secretly ir.HVii';!'i.,w'i"i7tiie

rin' winter piisnos
icliy. I'
iMinii I')v

plotting for another rising after ^"'"""^'■''"•
the winter had sc't in. and no liel]> coixld be
expected from Canada. A meeting of aboiit
forty of the disailected was held at River Salle —
where the first opposition to Mr. Macdougall
had been planned — on the night of the 17th of
September, four days after the death of Goulet,
at which Riel and Lepine were supposed to have
been present; but, although threats were freely '
indulged in, and a company of volunteers was sent
to the frontier to protect it aaainst the threatened
raid from St. Joseph, no rising took placi\ and
the winter passed iu peace and quiet. After a
little while the volunteers and the nihabitauts i
beiian to get on better terms with eaeli other,
although the correspondents of some Canadian '
newspapers — especially the Nouvenit Mniule and
Olobt: tried their best to spread ill-feeling l)y j
exaffijeration and misrepresentation of the con-
duct of the volunteers on the one hand, and ridi- ;

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TCTTUrs HISTORY OK TIIK DOAriNION OF CANADA.

culiugaiul Ix'littU'iiig- tho French Half-breods on
iho other, A I'ler the volunteers irot fairly sett led
ill Uieir winter <juarter,s, an Amateur Dramatie
Assoeiation was I'orraed, and gave several v«?ry
creditable entertainments, while a minstrel
troupe and a lew balls and parties, tended to
make the winter pass pleasantly, and to place
them in I'amiliar intercourse with the people, so
that by the sprinu', when they were disbanded,
or taken back to Canada, there was a much
Ix'tter feeling than there had been immediately
after their arrival.

7. — It was not intended that the volunteers

should do police diity, and it had been intended

to form a body of mounted

Fcirmnliim iilii imlifc ,. • /. i i -, ■ ,

fiiRc. iherciisus. police u\ I auada. and send it up
alter the iiiXpedition. The jn-qject
was abandoned, and an attempt made to raise
a local force ; but the response to Governor
Archibald's call for men w^as so meagre, ind the
terms demanded so exhorbitant, that it was
found impossible to do anything in that direc-
tion, and a small force of twelve men was
for.ned from the volunteers, with Captain Vil-
liers, late of 13th Hussars, as Chief, and Captain
Deriainval as Sub-Chief. * A division of the
country into districts, for the purpose of takina'
the census, was made as speedily as possible,
and the enumerators commenced their work on
the 27th of October, and completed it durins'
November. Their duty wps to give an exact
retxirn of the population of the Province on the
IGlh July — the day alter its formal entry into
the Dominion — those who were residents, but
happened to be absent on that date, being
I included, as were also those Indians who
j " dwelt in houses" — i.e., who followed civilized
pursuits and were not roaming about hunt-
ing and trapping. The returns showed the
population to be 11,903, of whom 1,565

• " ll w.i- ai lirs( Ihuiijflit thill llie (■"n.''t:ilplc^ emilil lie selcctcil frinn
HIuiinBi'l till' lliiiriirciil.'', lull tlRMlunniiilis ul' llicsu men were •cimul In
Ije .-^ii lar;re Ihat llir idea <>!' eiii|>loyiiit; ilieiti wa." Kiveii iiii. Tliey a.-koil
S'i.'iHii ila.v liesii|e.-< their r.ilinii:;, ami .-lijiiihite'l that they slmuM he
alluweil tit roitiain at their hnine.'t. They ileeliiied to wear a uniltirrii. atel
seeiueil to i-on.-^iiler that the fuet ot" their lu-iiiK itoliciMiien Wit.-^ sutlieieiil
in it-ielf to entitle the.:! to liiyli pay aial a releaso from tlu' oniinary
duties id their olliee. Tlio.'^o who volunteered were iiriiieiiially Freiieh
IlaU'-lireed-.''— f.,;,-,,v/i,„i,^ii,-, 'Dirnnh, (,'ln/„ .'2fllh fSiiilni'Ur, I»"(l.

liiiinitrration. I.'iiid
tronliles.

were whites, 5-")>* Indians, 5,7.")7 French Ibill'-
brc'ds, and 4,083 English Half-breeds. Rcli-
gions w^ere divided — (!,'247 Catholic; ;'>.71(i
Protestant. Nearly the whole population wmv ;
British subjects, there only being sixty-two j
citizens of the United States, half of whom ]
were born in Canada and had become natural- j
ized. Of the 1,565 whites, 747 were born in [
the North- West, 2'M in Canada, ()!» in the United
States, 125 in England, 240 in Scotland, 47 in ;
Ireland, 15 in France, and 28 in other countries, i
Immediately after tht» completion of the census,
writs were issued for the local election, wlu<h
was held on the 30th of December, and which
passed oft" very quietly, the majority oi the
candidates being elected by acclamation. The
Local House met on 15th of March, 1X71. and a
report of its proceedings will be found in our
Provincial History of Manitoba.

8. — Nothing of very striking importance
occurred during the winter beyond a few tlis-
t) Kinces with the volunteers,
w^iich were not of a serious
nature ; and the impartiality with \\ hich
Governor Archibald made appointments, and
the fairness with wdii''h he recognized
the claims of the French Ilalf-ln-eeds. caused
him to grow in popularity, and tended to
restore feelings of peace and security. With
the spring' came an inilux of immigrants, the
first arriving on the -lOth. of April. About the
1st of May such of the volunteers as desired to
settle in the country \ ere discharged from ser-
vice, and a grant of land made them ; those who
did not wnsh to remain were returned to the
Province from whtMi<-e they came — all but two
t'ompanies, about eighty men, who were kept to
guard the Fort, and to assist the police in
I maintaining order if required. During the
summer the land question very nearly caused
trouble, but through the exertions of Governor
Archibald the danger was averted. The new
immigrants were, of course, very anxious to
obtain land, and, (juite naturally, wanted to gel
the best without any regard as to whom it
belonged to; the Governor was not in a po-i-
tion to grant any lands so speedily, for tiie

::•!;, ii

COVKIiX.MKNT OF LoRI) LISGAR— THE FENIAN KAID IN MANITol'.A.

Indian title had first to ho oxtiu'i'uished, and
the Hall-lnH-ed n'sevvation iinder the Manitoba
Act set apart hel'ore the Government could
<lrtermine what hinds it really had at its dis-
posal to givi' to actual settlers. This took some
time to accomplish ; the Indian Treaties were
not concluded until July, and it was about the
same time before the surveyors got fairly to
work and a Land Ollice was opened in Winni-
peg'. Meanwhile " ime of the new-comers had
'^Town impatient and squatted on whatever
land they took a fancy to, which was resented
by the French Half-breeds, who claimed some
of the lands so occupied, and for a while a colli-
sion seemed imminent. The greatest danger of
ii collision occurred at Riviere aux Islets de Bois,
which a ])ody of French Half-breeds had
selected as a site for their farms, and put up
some enclosures. A party of immigrants from
Ontario took possession of this site, staked oil'
the ground, piit up huts, and. to add insult to
injury, changed the name of the river to the
Boyne. The French Half-breeds at once held
a meeting, and determined to drive out the
intruders by force ; but Governor Art'hil)ald,
hearing of the matter, sent for some of the
leaders, and by threats and entreaties induced
them to a])andon their threatened attack, and
something like p(>ace was restored.*

' licivcrnor Arcliilialil in his " .MciiKinimlnm rcimiei'tcd willi tlu'

I'l'iiinn Inva.-'iKii nl' Maiiilnliii in Oftnlier. 1871." givua llio fullnwing

iHTiiunt of tlii^ (litlifnlty, to wliieli, to sonio c.Ktcnt, lie tilti-ilnitcs tlie

lV:nan rtiiil of the lollitwiuf; tli-toher :— " AVIien the vitlnnd'or.-* i';tnic to

hu (li.'^hjinili'il, iinil wcro thus IVet'ii I'rnin all restraint, tlic hatred of the

Itto ela.-se.'t o.xhiliitcil it-^elf more ami more. Some of the inimiKrants

Inau Ontario ."hareil tlio feclinirs of the ilishanilo'I volunteers, ami aeteil

in t'oneerl with them. A hody of Kreneh llalt-hreeds had matle ;i solee-

tion of a traet of land at Uii^it n iiii.,- /«/r(» ./.• llniM : some (d' them had

made farms, or at all events enclosures, at that iplaee. There was .almn-

daure of land elsewliero e'lU.illy jtoiid. hut the how-eomers preferred this

s|)ot. They entered on llio {.T'-ahd <and slaked it olf : put up huts, and de-

elared they Would hold it aKainst all coiners. T<tt-'ive character to their

occupation, they discarded the name hy which the ri\er had hecn known,

anil called it the/A»//af. Of course the [lalf-hrci-ds were eiiniKeil. they

tliounht it hail onouith to lose 'and they helievcd to he theirs, hut in the

new name they saw soinelhii^. worse— an insult to their relitrion. Tl.cy

t Seemed to think that property, race, and creed were all to he trodden

: under foot, unless they took care (d' themseKes. They nu't in their

parishes on the .Assinihoiiu' ami l{ed Uiver, and determined to march to

i the settlement and drive olVtlie intruders. I'orlumilely, I heard o tlndr

intentions. I sent for some leading: men amon^r them, ami warnci them

j that if they lifteil a hand <ir struck a idow it was all over with tliei i. The

' collision w.'is arri'sled.hnt not wilhoul irrcat risk, ll.ad hlood liee.' shed

\ on tliat oi'ca.sion wo shouM have had a civil war, in which every l''ren,.h

llall-hrecil would have heen an active p irlieipator ; while from the

i KiiKlish llHlf-hrecds, in accord on the question of iiroperly with the

!•. — Some of the new immigrants ami a por-
tion of the volunteers from Ontario seemed
determined to provoke a colli- nisnudent nfihe

.,1 i.1 XT' 1 1 1 i l-'rench. Itcluro of

sion with the iirench. and lost ni,.i. -(isnerai"

, ., ... ., , . ,, (iNcil plots an

no opportunity ot irritating them •invasion."
and al>using the Governor for his alleged par-
tiality towards them. Some of the volunteers
did not hesitate to declare that they had taken
an oath before leaviim' Ontario to avenge the
murder of Scott, and to shoot any Frenchman
who was in any way implictited in his death ;
and as a sort of challenge to the Ciilholics. an
Orange Lodge was formed, and the 1:2th of July
celt>brated by a procession, with party badges,
tunes, Ike. About this time Kiel returned to
his home, and was warmly welcomed liy iiisold
friends.* He had been spoken of as a citiididate
for the House of Commons for Proventiher. but
had been persuaded that his election would ))e
usele.ss, as he would either be shot or expelled
the House. Aft(»r the return of Kiel, and the
atfair at Riviire mix Is/els //e Bois, the temjier of
the French began !o get sullen. They recogni ;t>d
the fact that the large immiaration from Ontario
would soon sweep away their political majority,
and that the Province woitld be ruled pretty
much as the new-comers pleased, without any
' regard for them ; and they began to grow
uneasy at the long delay in prcclaiming a
j general amnesty, which no araiiment could
I persiiade them it was not in the power of the
Canadian Government to grant. Several meet-
ings were held in the French parishes, and the
subject of another rising in the i'all was discu.^sed.
Meanwhile, the irrepressible •' General ' O'Neil
was again meditatinu' a " raid "' on the i^ocket-
books of the conlidinn' servant -girl. -i of New
York, ar 1 followed his usual game of planning
another " invasion "' ofC'aiuulii. this time selecting
the far away Province of Manitoba, the warm

I'rench. neutrality w-s the utmost that could have hecn counteil o
at this tnoment we had a carrison ol' only ciuluy men to ilel'end ;
military stores at Fort Harry and to preserve the peace of I
continent hesides."

•'•After a. painful illness i-onsequcnt on hissulfcrimrs and priv
Kiel returne-l to his home, three days ajro. lie is still sutl'erint;,
exhaustet'. His friemls.aml even his former political adversari
calliio' losee him In crowds. So soon as tlii^ news is known amoni
Ontario people they will commence the exciteuieid apaiii." IJishop
to Sir Heonte K. Cartier. lith of May, IH71 .

ri.an.l
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TrTTfiKs irisToitY or tfik dominion of panada.

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receptions lio had received in Upper and Lower
C'liniida on his previous visits in ISOG and 1870,
not, eiKoiiriiniMii' him to ti'y cither of these
J'roviuccs auain. At first siiiht his plan seemed
to savor more of tiie temporary sixceess than
either of his lornicr etforts; lor he was almost
certain of reccivinu' a friendly reception from
the French Ilalf-linv'ds, while it was doubtful
whether the Enalish Hali-])rc(Hls were so much
in love with Caniuhi as to light on her hehalf,
and the bulk of the volunteers havinn' been
withdrawn there was reall.v very little material
frctm which he need exju'ct a vigorous resistance.
Added to this he had an ample supply of men
within easy distance, for there were two railways
under construction in Northern Minnesota at
the lime, on which several thousand men, mostly
Irishmen, were engaged ; and these, together
with the non(le.scrii)t class nenerally found
hovering about the frontier towns of the West,
and the scum of the large cities, gave him an
aliundance of men for his purpose. Of arms
aiul ammunition he had a fair supply, for the
United States Government had kindly returned
what had been seized l)y their troops after the
last raid. With cinumslaiices so much in his
favor it is not . iirprising that O'Neil was easily
persuaded l)y U"JJonohue to try one more
invasion of Canada, and that rumours of Fenian
concentrations of men and arms near Pembina
and other points on th(^ frontier, began to be
current in Manitoba during September.

10. — Th(> "head and front" of this new move
was \V. B. O'lJonohue, Kiel's ox-Treasurer; and
.fiij, ^,,j,, ^1 he claimed that the attempt was

ll';viii;;r'!i'n'.'m':'u.d "ot intended as a Fenian move-
r'Mit'.'i™r,r;'''' ment at all, but was simply
"""""'"'■'■ meant as a continuation of the

rebellion of "()9-70, and that Kiel, Lepine and
the other leaders were cognizant of what was
intended, and were prepared to lend their assist
ance to the movement.* On the other hand
Grovernor Arc hibald, Bishop Tache and others
testified to Iviel's oi)position to the raid, and his
exertions with his fellow-countrymen to deter

• S|.(! W. li. ir|t.irii.liiii-V letter tn Siiciikcr ••( Ilnii.-c nl CniniiKin^.

them from assisting it. The evidence, however,
w<' must admit, seems to its a little partial, ;iii(l
there do(>s nut appear to be any reasoiuilile
arounds for doubt but that Kiel favored the move-
ment at first, and that it was only after the r;iid
was over, and the I>rave O'N'eil had fur the tiiird
time sought safely in the arms of an United
States Marshal, that Kiel suddenly remembered
his loyalty and oll'ered his services, and tliose
of .some two hiindred Metis to (iovi-rnor
Archibald. The "raid" took place on the otli
of October, and was a more contemptible liz;de
than either of its predecessors. At hall-past
seven o'clock in the morning " Generals " O'Neil,
Curley and Donnelly, and ( )'Donohue, with
thirty-five followers, appear(>d at the Hudson's
Bay Company's post at Pembina, which tliey
took possession of, but immediately afterwards
a squad of United States troops under Culoiiel
Wheaton arrived at the i^ost and captured all
the " Generals " and ten of the " army,'' the
balance, led by O'Donohue, showing to what
good service stout legs can be put whiMi craven
hearts promi>t the running. 8o ended the
"raid.' Not even a blankcartridge was wasted,
nor was there th(> slightest oi)portuiiity for the
most gushing reporter to get up even the
mildest ''sensation" report of it. O'Donohue
left in such a hurry when he heard that the
United States troops were coming that he forgot
to take his cloak and overcoat. He was taken
prisoner shortly after on the Camulian side of
the line by some Half-breeds who, (>ither throuuli
iiiiiorance or desiun, took him into United
States territory and surrendered him to Colonel
Wheaton, who promptly discharged him, as he
had been caiitured in Canadian territory. The
prisoners went through the farce of an exam-
ination before United States Commissioner
Spencer, and wi're liberated as speedily as
possible, on the plea that there was no evitlence
that the oll'ence charged — breach of the
neutrality laws — had been planned in Minne-
sota. O'Neil, finding thai the United Sliiles
officers really meant to do their duty promptly
this time, saw that it was useless to make another
attempt, and shortly after returned to the East.

COVKENMENT OF T-ORn I, I S( J AT!— THE FMINFAX UWU IX MANITOMA.

■270

I 11. — As to the prcimrations miuU' to repel the

iuvMsioii, had it heiome nerious, we may say

that Governor Archibakl liacl

, i,ni«ii:iiinns lor l)eeii aware ol (JUoiiohues cle-

l| ' "^ ' sign lor some ti.m', and had been

'! making very strong eflbrts wjtli the Catholic

1 Itiuy to induce them to use their inlluence

with Rii'l and his followers to unite with the

Government in its etlorts to repel the invaders ;

and had also issued a proclamation, on tiie 3rd

of October, setting forth the danger with which

i; the Province was threatened, and calling upon

! '■ ail our said loving subjects, irrespective of

' race or religion, or of past local differences, to

rally round the Hag of our common country,"

and to assi-mble at once in thoditlerent parishes

; and enroll luider local officers. The Canadians

! and English Half-breeds responded very

! promptly to this call, and about nine hundred

I men were speedily enrolled ; but the French

held back, and it was only on the 8th — after he

1i;kI heard of the ca])ture of ')"Neil & ("o. by

Colonel Wheaton — that Governor Archibald

was inlbrmod that some two hundred of the

j]htis had assem})led at St. IJoniface, across the

Ki'd liiver from Fort Garry, and desired to oiler

■^ Iheir services. H(; crossed the river in company

with lion. j\Ir. IJoyal, and was introduced to the

lenders, amongst whom were Kiel and Lepine,

j shaking hands with them ;ind thanking them

!i for their tendered service, which was accepted,

and about fifty of them were detailed to a<t as

^ S((mts. but, of course, there was nothing for

!! them to do, as the would-be raiders had been

'' iilieady dispersed, or cajittired by Colonel

:, Wheaton. Governor Archibald held, in his

Ij report of the raid, and in his evidence before the

Select Committee in ls74, that at the time Riel

i olfered his services it was not known that the

raid was at an end ; that there was still intense

excitement, and that another attack from the

way of St. Joseph was momentarily expected ;

, and that Kiel's oiler of assistance was nuide in

i good faith, as he could not possibly have known

the precise state of affairs, which was, that the

I leaders having been captured, the raid had

|i c(illai)sed. With all due dill'erence to Gov-

ernor Archibald, there is no evidence to
show that Kii'l did not have efficient scouts as
well as the Governor; that he was iierfectly
well aware of the fact of the raid having failed:
and that he had held back so that he iind his
followers could be at liberty to join the raiders
if they sxrcceeded in estaldishing themselvi^s in
the territory; or if — as was the case — the raid
was frustrated l>y the United States troops ;
then he could oH'er the Governo. his .services
Just when they would not be needed.

12. — The effi'ct of the news of the raid in
Canada was to cause a second expedition to be
hastily fitted out, to take the
place of those volunteers Wiio i-\|.r.iithm t.. lUti
had l)een recalled during the
summer, and an Order-in-Council was passed
on the 12th of Octobi-r, providing lor the
immediate despatch of 200 men to reinforce the
two service companies in Fort Garry.* It was
well known before the expedition left that
their ser\ices would not be lU'eded to liiiht the
Fenians, as there was no probability of the
attack being renewed, but it was si-en that the
f>rce left in the Province was too small, and
that a larger body of men was needed until
order should have been perfectly restored and
the Local Militia thoroughly organized. For
the latter duty Lieuteiumt-Colonel Osborne
Smith, C.M.G., Deputy Adjutant-General of
Militia, Commanding Military District No. 5,
was ordered to proceed to Manitoba, by way of
Pembina, at once, to take C(. r.mand of the new
Military District to ])e formed, and also to meet
the expedition at the North-West Aimle of the
Lake of the Woods. The expedition was
formed oii the same l)asis as the previous one
(except that there were no regulars), 100 men
being taken from each Province, — and it is
worthy of notice that far more than the neces
sary number volunteered in each district, so
that good selections could be made, and so
promptly was this done that in live days after

• 'I'ln' tntiil iiuiiilicr 111' the inriM' wiis 2 Caplains. 'Z Liuiiti'iMiiils, 2
l':h.-iKiis. I Siiri-'e<iii. Jim Kilk'iiu'ii. Oiii- liimrtor-iiiMMcT. 1 Sii|.i.l.v llllii^er,
1 I':iyiii.i.»li'r. I'.'l I .//.((/. iiri, iiiiil "> iMl.litiiiniil Killi-nu'ii. "iTf >iilisi'i|iii!nUy
Mil. to. 1. in.ikiriK tlie tuliil strciiiflli «( the cxi. edition, in uttWerf iinil mun,

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TUTTLKS HISTORY OF TIIH i'OMIN'ION OK t"ANAl>A.

the Onlor-iii-Coiincil hnd boi'ii passed, the
oflictTs coiiimaiuliiit;' I In- scvtM'ul Military Dis-
tricts ivpoitt'd that tlioir C()iitiiii>oiits wcro
ready, and woe l^'iuii- forwarded to Colling-
W'ood at once, at wiiieh plaro the \vhoK> Ibrce,
willi the necessiiiy military stores, c(jvipmont
and supplies lor the exi)edition was l /meu-
trated by the 2iith. On the i'oUowinn day, at 4
oVlock p.m.. the whole lone, with most of the
supplies, embarked on the Chicora for Thun-
der Bay, under eommand of Captain (now
Lieutenant-Colonel) Thomas Scott, the senior
ollicer of the expedition. It reflected ureat credit
on the Militia Department that, in very little
more than a week from the date of the Order-
in-Coun<il, the men had been uathered from all
parts of Ontario and Quebec, armed, equipped,
supplied and started on their journey. The
•ernainder of the supplies, horses, tScc.. left
Oollingwood in the steamer Manilobaii on the
same day, and the two steamers arrived at
Thunder IJay on th(» 24th. The route pursued
was the same a.s that of the lirst expedition,
but, the road from Thunder Ikiy to Sheban-
dowan Lake being linished, the transfer of
troojis, stores, &c., was mad*» in thirly-four
hours, instead of more thai six weeks,
which it took Colonel ^Volse. ^y to accom-
plish the same di.stance. The lirst brigade
of boats left tShebandowan at l:-')() p.m.

th.

2Tth. and the remainder on the

following day. The winter set in unusually
early this year, and the expediti(ju had to light its
way through a succession of snow-storms ; cut
channels for the boats through ice two inches
thick, wade throuuh half-frozen mud and water,
drag!iin2r tht? heavv boats after them down the
shallow rivers, where there was IVequently not
enough water to Jloat a laden canoe, and bear the
utmost exposure to cold, with the thermometer
often iiearly down to zero. Tlie hurdshi])s to
be endured ami the diihculties to be overcome
were mu<h greater than thosi> of the previous
expedition ; but th(> men bore with ami overcome
theiu with the utmost good will, laughing at
the most serious obstacles, and manfully lighting
onwards, every man seeming to be alive to the

great importance of getting through quickly,
and reaching' Fort Clarry before the winti'r
linally closed in. The expedition arrived within
twelve miles of the N'-rth-AVest Angle of the
l.,ake of the AVoods (m 12th of November, when
the ice ' ;?came so solid that there was no hope
of advancing fiarther by boats, and the Hot ilia
was put into winter quarters and the men
marched across the ice to the road to I'ort Crarry.
Colonel Smith had joined the expedition at the
mouth of Rainy River on the llth and led
it into Fort Garry, whi<'h place was reached
at mid-day on the ISth, the distance from
the Not th- West Aiigle of the Lake of the "Woods,
110 miles, having })een marched in four days
and a half, and the whole journey fromColliiiu'-
wood to Fort Garry made in twenty-eight days,
without the loss of a man, or a serious accident
of any kind, in sjnte of the most tryina' weather.
Colonel Smith says in his report, '• From lirst to
last the weather was of the most unfavorable
nature ; rain, snow, intense cold, and violent
gales alternating in rapid succession, presented
all obstacles that the commencement of winter
season in the.se hiuh latitudes oilers to the
progress of troops."' The Red and Assiiiilioiiic
rivers were both frozen over before the nu'ii
reached them, and were marched across on their
way to the Fort.

lo. — Three Half-l)ieeds were arrested lor
jxirticipation in the attack on the Hudson's Hay
Company's post at Pembina on .+,'i,()iKirt»,ir.ir..i tijc
the 5th of October, and tried for 'mmMiivrs'ot s..it
tri'asou at the (Quarterly Court linvuinmiMt.
opened at Fort Garry on 17th of Novi'mber,
1H71, Judge Johnson presiding. The men tried
were R. Villeneuve, the evidence against whom
was not very clear, and who was found "not
guilty" by the Jury ; Andre Jerome St. Matthe,
in whose case the Jury failed to agree; and
Oiseau L'Eutendre, who was found guilty and
sentenced to be hung on the 24th of ]<'ebruary,
1872, but was pardoned. The result of these
trials, added to the arrival of the volenteers,
served to convince the French Half-breeds that
playing at treason might jirove a dangerous
game, and no attempt at further disturbances

,ii:''i

(iOVKHNMKNT OF l-OIJD LIS(iAFf— THK FENIAN FJAID IN MANlToHA.

2S1

was made during the winter. Witii tlio no^'
yrar came another causu of tlaiigcr. not from an
uiu'xpectod source, whicli for a moment created
i^reat excitemeni and threatened to be the moans
1)1 a IVcsh outlnvak. It will bo rocolloetod that
hotJi in the House of Commons and in the
()iitario Leiiislature the Opposition hadondeavor-
ed lo pass a vote of censure on the Dominion
Government for not endoavorinff to bring the
■| murderers of Scott to justice ; and, also, that
the Government o'' *ho Hon. John Santield
Macdonald had ))i'en defeated in Ontario and a
now Ministry formed by the Uelorm i)arty under
Mr. 151ake. The cry for veiiiionce on the murder-
ers of Scott had been made to do good party duty
during the election, and to the bitter sectarian
ji feeling thus engendered was ))artly due the
i' defeat of the Government. On his accession to
olfice, on the I7th of December, 1871, Mr. Blake
did not lose much time in briiminu' the subject
of Scott's murder again before the House, and
I on the 18th of Febrviary, in Supply, an appro-
: priation of $.j,000 was voted to be offered as a
[ reward for tht; arrest of the murderers of Scott.
Tlie C(mnt' of Middlesex also offered a reward,
I and it was expected that these rewards would
lead to an attempt to cause me arrest of the
l)arties principally concerned in thi' murder of
' Scott. The fact that Kiel and Lepiiie wore
allowed to reside quietly at their homes, without
any eii'ort being made; to punish them, was made
the occasion of violent attacks on Governor
Archibald and the Dominion Government by
the Opposition press of Ontario, which, for
party purposes, and to secure the Orange vote
<lamored for the punishment of these men, well
knowing at the same time that an attemi)t to
arrest them would lead to civil war in the Pro-
vince, where the great bulk of the peo[)le
regarded them as heroes and patriots, and
deeply resented the endeavours of ' )ntario to
regulate the affairs of Minitoba, while that
Province enjoyed Responsible Government and
nineteen out of twenty-four of the members
of its Legislative Assembly wore in favor of
lotting by-gones l)e by-gones. ISut, unfortu-

nately, party si)irit is sometimes so iinreason-

able that it is (juite willinu to flirow a whole
country into the horrors ol oven a civil war and
bring ruin aiul destruction upon thousands,
provided a petty party triumph <an be tempor-
arily gained. By far the greater portion of the
agitation in Ontario for vengeance on the
murderers of Scott, was a party [xilitieal move-
ment from beuinning to end, and that it did not
<ause a war of races and creeds throuuhout the
Dominion was no fault of the party leaders, but
was due to the policy of keepiim' oil' premature
action until 'time, the great curor df evils,"
had calmed excited feeling and obliterated
much of the asperity which existed duriim- the
years immediately following the troubles of
1800-70.*

14. — The feeUng if the French Half-breeds
on receipt of the in'-dligonco that rewards
had been off'ered for the capture i.v,.iini;r,in>c.i
of Kiel and Lepino was most i?,'';i,'';:,',',i,',;,';;;'',T,e
intense, and meetings were again "'"-i" "—""""»••
held for the purpose of advocating resistance
should any attempt be made to arrest them.
The temper of the people, and th(> coiulition of
afl'airs in the Province, is fully expressed in the
following extract from a letter from Lt.-Governor
Archibald to Sir Geo. E. Cartier, under date 24th
February, 1872: "I have had a rather anxious
time since the intelligence arrived of the rewards
offered by Middlesex County Council and the
Legislature of Ontario. Intense excitement
prevailed for awhile among the French Half-
breeds. On the point of blotting out the past,
there is little or no division among them. I'^ven
those of them who did not side wnth Kiel and
the men of the movement, as they are called
her(>, look upon the question of punishment of
the otl'onders as one of race, and would consider
an attempt of the kind on any of these people
as an attack upon the whole. I had learned
privately, through the instrumentality of the
police, that immediately after the arrival ol' the
telegraphic news, meetings were held in eai'h

* " TiiiR-. till' iriTiit iMircr nf cvil>.. will mh.ii inlin ilnwn the iU'pieiicn-
.<ions 111' 111".-!' cMiitMKc.l ill tlio risiiiK, anil iill will jm well wilh ymi, i-siiei'l-
iilly if Kiel iiml fh..,«c ili;o.'*lv inuiFciitcil in Si/utt',- iloatli snliiiiil to ii

viiliint.iry e.\ilr '— K.xlniot Iniiii a I;.-'"!- Iroiii Sir .lohii .\. .Macil Iil to

(iincniiir Ar.iiiImM, daleil 1st .\ ivciiil.er, iHTd.

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'irri'iJis jiisi(»i;v m- tiik i>(>mi\I(>x of Canada.

Ficmh parish on thi' sul)jcrt. and that then' was
but one rcclinii' amoni;' the p('()|>l(' on ihc snhji'ci.
ThfV (Iftcniiiiird ilial tlif parties against whom
the V'.'Wards wi-if dirccti'd should ivraain in the
country, and that the people should protect
them by an armed I'orce against any attemjit to
arrest them. I tear very niu<h that had the
attempt l)een made it would have led to serious
bloodshed. Happily the I'eelintis ol' the c^reat
l)ody ol' till- English people ol' this country hav<'
so changed that it is dillieiUt to lind a magistrate
who does not hesitate to issue warrants which
may lead to I'atal conse<|uences ; and several
Justices, who were themselvt's sixtlerers at the
time of the troubles, and who a year ago were i
urging all kinds of vindictive pro<'eedinus, have
refused to issue warrants now. I am not aware
whether any warrant has actually been issued
up to this moment. The dirficulty is not amoni>'
the people ol' the country, but among the small
band ol' lawless men, idlers and roughs who
infest the taverns of Winnipeg. These men
have no inlluence except for mischii'f, but they
might light a llame it w(>uld be hard to
extinguish. I'or a few days 1 felt the dangt>r
was extreme. The only possible way to avoid
a serious outbreak was to lict rid of the two men
whose presence in the country formed the pre-
text for the action of the rou<>hs at "Winnipeg."
15. — We have said that the action of the
Ontario Government was not altogether unex-
pected ; and steps had been taken

Kiel iin.l l,.;|.inc i . i i-, • • ,-.

ii-suir,i In the l)y the Dominion (jrovernment to

iiitn; In iiavc iiic render that action innoxious as

ruunlry.

far as disturbiiui' the peace of
Manitoba by attempting the arrest of Kiel was
concerned, by providing for the withdrawl of
Riel and .Lupine to the United States for awhile,
until the excitement had blown over. It seems
ciirious that the Government of the Dominion
should not only connive at, but actually assist,
the escape of criminals from jiistice, while the
Government of one of the Provinces should see
fit to offer a reward for the apprehension of those
same criminals; but it must be remembered
that the circumstances were peculiar in every
respect. The Dominion Government was a

('<«dition one. the main strength of which was
the French Conservative members froinC^uelxM
— or, to be more exact, Sir Georuc Iv ('artier.
who represented that party: the Quebec mi'inbeis
were almost unanimously of oiiinion not only
that no prosecutions for anything arisinu' out
of the trouldes in the North- West should take
place, biat that the Imperial Government should
be urged to urant a complete amnesty lor past
olfeiices : on the otiier hand, a number of l lie
Ontario syp|)orters ol the Government were
( hangenien, who not only ojiposed the granting
of an amnesty, but were williMi; — to put it \
mildly — 'hat the ring-leaders of the insurgents
should bo tried for the murder of Scott. To
conciliate these conllictina- opinions so as to
maintain the (rovernmeiit was no easy task. To
advocate the graiitinu' of an amnesty was to lose
the support of the Ontario members and court
certain defeat ;* to initiate criminal proceedings
auainst Kiel and his followers was to alienate
the Quebec members, and. probably, jtrecipitate I
a war of reliii'ion and races in whi(-ii the French
and Irish Catholics of all the Provinces — for a
war of this kind could m-ver be confiiu'd to
Manitoba once it broke out — would be arrayed
against the Protestants, and the ultimate result
of which would be the destruction of the
country. To avoid both these dilHculties Sir
John A. Macdonald adopted a temporising policy,
dealing with the amnesty question as one which
was impossible at present, but would be satis-
factorily settled '• by-and-by ;" and simply taking
no action in the matter of prosecutions, and
when other parties proposed to do so, furnish-
ing the means for Riel and Lepine to disappear
for awhile until the excitement had subsided.
On the morality, or immorality of this policy
we make no comment, contenting ourselves
with stating it ; it served its i)urpose for the
time, but, even as a mere party measure —
leaving morality and justice out of the question
altogether — it is very questionable whether it

• '• When I ^piiki' to .Sir .h'hn A. Miicdonnld mi tlic .<uliicot lie iicvor
ilonloil thai Ihc anme''t.v b.><\ licen iir'Miuisc.l. but he saiil ' .Vn linvern-
iiien' ciiuhl -tanil nii that ijin-tiiiii.' 1 tnld him there had lieen iirnini.'^es
of amnest.v f're<ineii(ly, aii'l he did not deny the statement. Me reiM-.iied
thr.t no (iovernniont ciadd stand that wcadd endeasonr lii proenre the
amnesty." Archbishop TaehCbefi)rctheSeleetCoinmittee. April is.!"*!!.

(JOVKnXMKNT OF r.OHD LIWJAK— Fimr SRSSIOX, PIFJST PARMA MKNT, IH72.

•-'HH

was I 111' most judicious which could liiivi' ln'cn
iidopti'd. or whether it would not have hcon
hi'ttt-r to lia\ c asked the Imperial (ioveriimeMt
to proclaim a partial amnesty — such as was
alterwards s>iaiited — and have lel'i the question
ol' punishment lor the murder ol' Scolt entirely
to the Couits, and the action ol' [irivate prose-
cutors it' they desired to take any. That would,
at least, have coiiciliati'd one party and the
Government would have hoeii stronger on its
appeal to tiie country in 1S72, when it was so
weakened that it only needed the («//// de Grace
ol' the I'acilic Scandal to drive it iiiiiominiously
Irom ollice. As the case stood, however, w hen
the Untario (Jovernment oHered its reward
there was no other course to pursue than to
induce Ki(d to run away again, as he
had done once bel'ore, and so save lurther
trouble. Nei>otiations had already been entered
into between Archbishop Tache and Sir John
A. Macdonald, before the Proclamation ol' the
Ontario Government, lor the withdrawal ol"
Kiel from the Province on account ol" his being
spoken of as a candi'' ile for the House of
t'omnions from I'roveiiclier at thetieneral I'ilec-
tion.and it was thoimht that his presence would
cau.se trouble; l)ut the oiler of the reward has-
tened his departure. Archbishop Tache left
Manitoba on the :23rd of Si'ptembi'r, 1871, and,
consequently, was not in the Province at the
time of the Fenian Kaid. lie proceeded to
Canada, and while there had several interviews
with Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Greorac E.
('artier, who urged him to use his inlluence
with Kiel to induce him to leave, which he
linally consented to do, on condition that some-
thing was given Kiel to support him, as he was
a poor man and had a mother and three sisters
dependant on him. This was aureed to, and
Sir John sent him a draft for *1,U00.* The

•d'rivMic uimI sdii-tly (Vpriri.lenliiil.l

■■ mr.wi I, Dccenilicr 2Ttli. 1H71.
" .Mv I>KMt I. null .Am iliu.sHin'. — I liitvf I icon .-ihU- tn miikc Ilio arriiiiKC-
liicnt r<ir ihi' iiiilivi.liliil tli.il ni' liiiu' I;ilki'<l iiliinit.

" I iiiiw scMiil .Mill II fit-Ill ilriift (111 the li.ink ol' .MiintiTiil liir .*I.l»iil: I
nce'l ti»it i.rcsf iiixin jmir (iriici' tlie iiiii"'rljiin.'u ol' ttu' unuiry lieinc imid
It' lijiii r>criiMlicalty fftiiy lunntiily nr 'luarterly) iiinl iw.t in ii lump, iitlicr-
uisc the iiioiicy wtuiM lit' wiisted amt our ciiil)ari'a..'i>iiiuiit liut^in again.
'J'lie payiiR'tit sIkhiIiI spreati ii\»-ra year

" Hulicvi' nil' your (Jr.-ico'.'^

•' W'ry iiliudiuiii ."(.'iviint,
" Ili-K dracL' "(Sinncil,) .ImiN A. MArniiNAi.D.

"Till' ArcliIii>lioii tif
I "St. lioiiiliu'c, Montreal."

Archbishop returned to St. 15onilace on the Itith
of January, IH72, aiul shortly after opened
ne<,''otiations with Kiel for his departure. U'iel
pretendetl relucliince to lejive, and wanted
better terms than the Archbishop could otl'er
him. Before the iiuestion of his leaviim had
been decided, information was received that a
rcwaitl had been oll'ered by the Ontario (rov-
ernment, and I.ieuteiiant-t Jovernor Archibald
at once opened neiioliatioiis with Archbishop
Tache to get Kiel ar.d I.epine out ol the way.
After .some little haugling it was decided that
they shinild have ij 1.(100 each to "O, and provi-
sion should be made for their families during
their absence, w hi< h was not to be le.ss than a
year. The moiii'y ( CiiOO stg.) was advanced
by Mr. Donald A. Smith, of the Hudson's l?ay
Company, and the men went to the United
States, thus remo'ing any cause of immediate
anxiety on the urouiid of arrest. The Province
then lapsed into a state of quietude, and then'
we will leave it for the present.

CHAPTIii; XXIV.

GOVKR.XMKXT OF I.Oi.'l) I.I.-idAl!. — FIFTH
SKS.SIOX. FIK.ST I'ARLIA.MKNT. 1S72.

1. OpEXINO OV PARI.IAMi:Xr. Sl'EEClI E1!0>[

THE TiiKDNE. New ME.MiiEi!.<.— 2. Deisate

I I.N THE AODlfESS. — 3. Pl!< iTECTION T( > MA.Nf-
F.\('Tri!li\G IXTEIiESTS. — 4. Mu. JONES (LeEUS)
REUUESTS riiOTEi'TIiiX EOR THE EARMEll AS
WEI-I, AS THE MANfl'ACTfKKK. — 0. TlIE NINE-
HUUR MOVK.MEXT. TllE l-AW REEATIXCl TO
TrADICS UNIOXS.— (>. AmEXDMEXTS TO THE
LAWS ADOl'TED. — 7. I.MMIGl! ATU "X AXD IMMI-
GRATION All) So('iKTii:s. — 8. Financial

STATEMENT. A SU IJl'LUS OK < iVER THREE AXD
A HAEF MlEiaoNS. — !). TlIE I'KOSl'ERorS I'oX-
DITION OF THE COUNTRY CommeRCIAM.Y. —

10. Derate on the Uudcet. — 11. Contixu-
.\TiON of derate on Budget. — 12. ReI'EAE
of the duties on Tea .\nd Coffee.— 13.
Supply IJiee.

1. — The last session of the hrst Parliament of

' k fifi;

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ih 'ill

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> M!

284

THTTLK'S niSTOHY OF THF DOMINFON OF CANADA.

the Dominion was opened by the Governor-
(),„,„ii,„,,, General, in person, at Ottawa, on

In'm7iri'hn/;,cr''' *li^ 11th of April, with the usual
\ew,nc.,„i,c.r.. ' c'evemouies. The only feature or
special interest was the presence, for the iirst
time, of Senators from Manitoba and British
Columbia. The .><peeoh referred to the recovery
of the Prince of Wales from his recent illness,
and recommended that the two Houses join in
the thanksui\ in<>' lor his recovery, to be cele-
brated on the lift eenth. Explanation was made
that the meeting- of Parliament had been post-
l>oned at the request of the Imperial Govern-
ment, and (he House conj^ratulated on the
entran 'C of l>ritish Columbia into the Union.
Reference was made to the Fenian raid in
Manitoba: the Washinnton Treaty, and the con-
ference of Dominion and Proviiv ^ tl representa-
tives on the subjeit of immigration. It was
announced that surveys for the Pacili<- Railway
had been in prouress : and attention called to
the necessity for improviniv the canal communi-
cations of the Dominion, and also of providing
water communication between the St. Lawrence
and the Bay ol' Fuiidy Mi'asures were promised
for the readjustment of representation, as
reqiiired by the Laiion Act, consequent on the
taking of the census ; for the regulalion and
management of Pi;blic Lands and Mines of the
Dominion in Manitoba and the North-West
Territories, and for ameiuling the la>\ s reiatinn'
to pul)lii- health. The speech concluded with
a reference to the general prosperity of the
country, and successful issue of the ellbrts
to consolidate the Dominion. On the return of
the mem])ers to the Commons Chamber after the
delivery of the Speech from the Throne, the six
new members elected from British Columbia
were introduced,* and also Mr. Edward Carter,
elected for Brome in the place of the Hon. Mr.
Dunkin. who had been appointed a Judge of
the Superior Court for the Province of (Quebec ;
the Hon. J. II. Pope, who had been re-elected

•Till' tcillinvipid wcru llie irH'inlH'ii< rrmii lirilisli Culuinliiii, wlm were
Mei'li'.l ill llcofiiiln'r, \>''\ : Ilim. Aiimr livCusiiins mid lli'iiiy Niilhiiii,
Viutiiria: .J. Speiu'iT Thinuiisun. CMiilmn: Hubert Wiilliioe, V'niioipuvor :
IIiikIi Xi'lsi'ii, .New Wostmiiir'ter i l'liili|i lloiiKlitnn, Viile.

by acclamation for Comj^ton on his being called
to the Privy Council, on 25th October, 1H71, as
Minister ol Agriculture, on the resiu'iiation of
the Hon. Christopher Dunkin on his ai)point-
ment to a Judgeship ; and Lieut.-Col. F. W.
Cumberland, who had been elected for AIuouim
on the resiiznation of Mr. Simpson on his beiuff
appointt'd Iiulian Commissioner for the North-
West Territories. I

2. — The Address in reply to the Speech from
Ihe Throne was moved in the Senate by the
Hon. Mr. Girard, one of the „„,,„„„„„,,, |

newly appointed Senators from '"''''''^^^''•
Manitoba, and seconded liy Senator Robertson. |
In movinji' the Address Senator Girard took i
occasion to express his gratilication at the refer-
ence made in the Speech to Manitoba, and to
assure the Mouse that the people of Manitol)a
were deeply attached to British institutions and
were ready to join with the sister Provinces in
maintaining the integrity of the Dominion. No
amendment was offered, and the Address was
adopted after a very brit'f discussion. In the
House Mr. Nathan, of Victoria, B. C, moved tiie
Address, seconded by Mr. Edward Carter. (^),C.
The principal topics of the Speech were touched
on and the policy of the Government as fore-
shadowed fully endorsed, lion. Mr. Mackenzie
in reviewing the policy of the Government cri-
ti<'iscd not so much what was in the Speech as
■■vhat was not in it; and complained that the
Government had not announced any line of
policy on the Washington Treaty, nor -vith
reference to the application of New Brunswick
for "Belter Terms"; that no reference wa.*;
made to any Act to be introduced for tht' trial
of Controverted I'llections, nor for the establisli-
ment of a Supreme Court which was deemed
of the utmost importance, and characterised
the Speech as '-a most meagre bill of fare." He
sharply criticised the Treaty of Washington,
which he contended sliould not have l)eeii
signed by the I'anadian Commissioner, as it
was not re(juired that it should be signed by all
the Commissioners, and entered into a short
discussion on the state of puf)lic feeling on the
subject. On the subject of the admission of

'■:i!

GOVHIJXMENT OF LORD LISdAR— FIKTII SESSION, KIliST I'AIiLIAMKNT, ISCl'

2S.-)

Driti.sh Columbia Mr. Mackenzie; said that the
( )ppositioii had been misrepveseiitcd as being
opposed to the union Avith that Province. The
Opposition was <>lad to have British Cohimbia
in the Union, but what it objected to was the
terms on which that Province had t)een ndmitted,
which were altogether l)eyond the means of
Canada to carry out. Sir Francis Hincks
dei'ended the policy of the (rovernment. He
s;iid that the Tnnity itself would have to lie
dealt with by the IIous(> : bixt, on account of a
diiHculty which hiul ari.seu between the BrilLsh
(iovernment and that of the United States on
tlie subject, it was not advisable to di.scuss it
just then. Ht' argued that the ilause which
.stipulated that the Treaty may be .siu'ued by a
less number than the whole of the Commis-
sioners was only intended to provide for the
jiossibility of one of them dyinu'; and contended
that as both sides of the Imperial Parliament
had agreed that the English Government alone
was responsible for the Treaty, it was most unfair
to endeavor to blame Sir John A. ]Macdonald
for it. Hon. Mr. Holton held that the Premier
was responsible to Parliament and to no other
power in dealing with the interests of Canada;
he had been appointed a member of the .Toint
Iliiih Commission by virtue of his po.sition as
Premier, and nothing could relieve him of his
responsibility to the House. Hon. Mr. Mac-
dougall said that now that the question of
accejitance or non-acceptance of the Treaty was
I'lo.sed, all that was left lor them to do as loyal
subjects was to submit to it ; and he res'retted
to lind. from the remarks of the Finance Minister,
that the GovernuuMit was not disposed to ratify
the Treaty. Sir Francis Hincks said it was a
iinsapprehension to sup|)ose that he had said
that the Clovernment was in opposition to the
Treaty. What he had said was that the Ministry
had protested aiiiiinst the Treaty, and a yood
deal of correspoiulence iiad since taken place with
the Imperial Government, the result of which
would be made known wIumi the papers were
brought down ; he may say, liowever, that the
Ministry was now in entire accord with the
Imperial authorities. Alter some further debate

the Address was carriml without any amend-
ment being offered.

3. — The Question of Protection to manu-
factures occupied the attenticni of the Ihmse
at an early date, and led to an
animated debate, on the 17th of iniiii'iiMi'i'iMiMK
April, on the motion of Mr.
Magill for -'a Select Committee to encjuire into i
and report to this House on the extt'iit and |
condition of the manufacturing interests of
the Dominion, with tlie power to send for |
persons, papers, and records, and to make such
recommendations as in their opinion may
conduce to the encouragement of this important
interest, thereby furnishing employment for our
increasiuii' population, and procurinu' a home
market for our productions." H(> contended
that the best way to encourage immigration
was to encourage out maiiufatturina' inten^sts
which would tend to promote the prosperity of
the whole country. Sir. Francis Hincks said
that the Government would have no objection
to the appointment of the Committee, which he
had no doubt might do much uood ; but he did
not wish it to be supposed that the manu-
facturing interests were in a slate of depression,
for he knew, on the contrary that many of them
Wi'reina very llourishuig condition. Hon. Mr.
Holt on condemned the action of the Admin-
istration in "governing by C(nnmission." Last
year they had appointed a ('(nnniissiim to
discover a canal jiolicy lor them, and
now they wanted a Commission to lind a
commi'rcial policy. Hon. Mr. Huntingdon
thought that the question of encouraging our
manufactures was likely to become oni.' of the
utmost importance. He did not think that our
relations with our neighbors were so far settled
as to warrant the adoption of a lixed liscal
l)olicy for the <ouiitry ; l)Ut whi'U they were,
ho hoped to see this (juestioii raised above a
mere party cry to lie used by demagogue.s at
election time, for it was one of too ureat imjiort
to the welfare of the country. Mr. .b)nes
(Leeds) wished to amend the motion so as to
have the agricultural interests included, and
spoke at some length on the importance of

■ 1

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2S(i

TUTTLH'S IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

havinsr those interests protected as well as
maimractures. Mr. ^V()rklllall, in seconding the
motion lor a Coniniittcc. said that he was not
in i'avor ol' a lliiih Protection Tariil ; as a
inanuliictnrer hinisell' he was satisfi"d with the
present duties ; at tin' same time he thouiiht
there were some mannlaetures which needed
Protection, hnt he was not in lavor of a very high
tariir. ^Ir. Yoiinn' thonaht the larm^rs were
too iutelliiient to want, dntics on their produce,
for they knew it was the foreign market which
ruled prices, and that duties would do them no
good, while they would prevent .\meri<an
produce from linding an outlet throuuli t'anada.
lie was willinu' to cncouraiic manufactures
within the bounds of a revenue tarilf; but
thouiiht tlnit anything like the absurd Protective
duties of the United States would be an injury
instead of an advantage to the country. No
system could be for the benelit of the wliole
country if it forced capital and labor into
unproductive channels, although it might })uild
nil monopolies ; and he ho})ed that the Com-
mittee would study the intiuests of the whole
community and not of a class. After some
further discussion Mr. Jones withdrew his
amendment that agriculture .should l)e included,
and the motion to appoint a >Select Committee
on encouragement of manufactures was then
adopted.

4. — On the 24th Mr. Jones (Leeds) moved for
a Select Committee to encjuire into and report
,, , ,, , , uiion the auricultural interests

.ilr. .limes il.(,'nil>) ' ~

lC'ihT'rMnmT!i''wei: ^f tlic couutry. lie conteiuled
'"""■ '''■"'•"'"^^""■'•'■- that the agricultural interest
was the most important one in the whole
Dominion, and that, as there was now no hoi)e
of having ;i Rcciproeily Treaty with the United
States, he thought we ought to have a protective
tarili'ou agricultural jiroducts as well as on manu-
factures, lie maintained that the small dxxties
put on auricultural products in 1870 and
rejjealed in 1871 had been of benelit to the
farmers while they were imposed; and favored
a general Protective Tarilf. Mr. McCosmos in
seconding the motion, said that liritish Columbia
was an unit on the question of Protection to

agriculture as she would never be able to
compete with California without it. Mr. Mills
said that the motion, as well as that previouslv
adopted with reaard to manufacturi's, asked
for I'rotection, which was only another way
of saying that certain classes of the com-
munity should have a part of their money
taken out of their pockets by law, every
time they made a i)ur"hase, and placed in
the pockets of certain other cia.sses who
produced protected articles. lie argued, on
principles of political economy that such pr^'-
tensions were ab.surd ; the price of our surplus
products must })e determined by the state of
the foreign markets, and not by Protection.
Mr. Bodwell said that it had been ur^ed tli;ii
Ontario and British Columbia farmers would
be benelited ))y Protection to agricultund
products ; but it must be remembered that
other portions of the Dominion would Ix'
correspondingly injured. Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick had to import large quantities
of l)readstuirs, and would sulfer from such a
tariff, for the bi'nelit of ( )ntario. He (pioted a
number of statistics to show that the Dominion
exported about four times as much agricultural
l)roducts as were imported, and argued that as
long as we exported so lai'gely to foreign markets,
our home j)rices must be ruled by those markets.
He claimed that the whole Protection agitiitiun
was got up by a few man\il'acturers who were
anxious to realize fortunes. Mr. Feruii.-on
favored Protection for the farmers ; he thou'iht
that they were already lalxn'ing under great
diliiculties, and if the agitation for nine hours
as a days work spread to the agricultiiral classes,
and farmers were compelled to pay the same
rates they now paid for only nine hours work.
the sooner they emigrated to some other part of
the world the better it would b(> for them.
After a little further discussion, the motion was
; ad()pted. This motion only empowered tin'
Committee to "enijuire into the condition of the
auTicultural interests of the Dominion, with
l)owt'r to collect evidence and report,' l>ut some
of the advocates of Protection desired a more
pronounced expression of opinion on the

If ' L

GOVKRNMENT OK LOJM) IJS(;AR— FIFTH SESSION. FIRST PA IM,IA.M FX T, 1^72.

(jU('stio)i of protoctioii to auricultural interests,
iuul, on the 20th ol' May, Mr. Koss (Diuulass)
moved that the Iloiist' o-o into Committeo on
certiiiu resolutions I'or the purpo.sf of imposing
duties on barley, oats and Indian eorn. The
Speaker ruled the motion out of order, as a
private member could not propose to <onsider
' ([uestion of the impo.sition of duties, whieh
liiiist oriii'inate with the (rovernment. Here
I lie question rested for the session, for, after
tln'ir experience with the " National Policy "
till' (iovernnient did not seem disposed to accept
the responsibility of aiiain proposing to the
Iloiise to place a duty on agricultural products.
'). — The vexed question of Capital vs. Labor
came into more than usual prominence dnriim'
.,,, . , . the winter of 1S7MS72, and

r'i;ii'il!B't'!Tr''!ks'''" "'« injustice of the existinu'
' '"""'■ laws as allecting employers and

employes was made very ajiparent. The
Natioiuil I^abor League of the United States,
w hich was actively engaged in agitating what
was popularly known as '• the nine-hour
movement," established several branches in
Canada, especially in T\>ronto, Montreal and
Hamilton; and a few demagogues were soon
found who for pay, or on the chance of future
l)()litical preferment, undertook to show how
much better it was to work oidy nine hours a
day instead of ten — receiving the same wages,
lio\vever, as if workiiig full time ; and how much
iietter eight hours" v/ork was than nine, and so
on ii a descending scale as to the number of
hours, and an ascending one as far as wages
were concerned. The agitation soon became
l)opular amongst nearly all cla.s.ses of employes,
who were quite willing to work shorter hours,

I provided there was no diminution of wages.

j The Trades Unions beiim- united, and working
well together, it seemed at lirst as if the employes
would carry their i)oinl and have nine hours
recon-nized as a working day, without any
corresponding reduction ol' wages, and a few

; emi)loyers agreed to the demand for a i eduction
ol' working hours. The large majority of the
employers ol' labor, however, were opposed to
this increase of wages, — for such it virtually

: was — and coml)inations of employers were
made to resist the demands of the employrs.

; The question was brought to a square issue in
Toronto by the strike of Typographical Union
\' No. 91 on the 2-Jth of March, when the printers
|j on the Globe, Tehgraph, and Express, and in
all the job oflices, stru>k work because the
employers would not reduce the hours from
ten to nine. The master-printers had had
notice of the intended strike, and i'ormed an
union among.st themselves to resist it. This
they partially succeeded in doing by ennauiiig
printers from the country and from the United
States to take the places of those on strike.
The officers of the Typographical Union were
very active in inducing the m'W' arrivals to
desert those who had enuaged them and join
the strikers, and many were induced either to
return homo or leave their work. This became
so annoying at last that Mr. CJ-eorge Brown, of
the Globe, caused the arrest of thirteitn of the
principal members of the Typoizraphical Union
on a charge of conspiring to deter men from
going to their work. The arrests were made
on the lt)th of April, and the examination
commenced befon^ I'olice Magistrate McNab on
the 18th. The u'ravaraen of the charge was that
under the laws of Canada Trades Unions were
illegal societies, and that the members of
Typographical Union No. !•! had, by intimida-
tion or otherwise, endeavoured to deter per.sons

' engaged to i)eri'orm certain duties from so
doing. The ca.se was post|>oned until the (jth
of May. when evidence was given, and further

1 postpoiu>d until the isth, when the prisoners
were committed for trial at the next Assizes,
but released on their own recognizances.

\ (i. — The arrest of these printers caused con-
siderable excitement, not only in Toronto but
throughout the JJominion. There .\„„.,|,|„„,,„, ,,, ,1,0
was scarcely any dillerence of '"«"i"'"i''''''-
opinion amonust counsel as to tht; illegality of
Trades Unions as the laws then stood; but
there was an almost ecjual unannnity of fe(>liiig
amongst all classes that the law ouulit to be at
once amended, aiul that no mnn, or body of men,

.should remain subject to arrest and imprison-

'! M

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I . t

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111 i

i' t i

■ii;

"hi:

iii<

Jif

!li ■■

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28S

TFTTLK'S mSTOlJY OK THE j:)ONINIOX OK CANADA.

moiit I'or 110 lii-ciUor ollciisc thiiu that of cudca-
vouring to gi't the hi'st piico he could lor his
lahor. On the 7th of May, Sir John A. Mat-
douald iutroduct'd two hills into the House, one
on the suhjt'rt of Trades Unions, assimilating
thi' law to thai ol Great Britain, an<l one on
violence, threats and molestation defining what
constitutes such oH'cnscs as applied to the rela-
tions ol employers and employed to each other.
On the 11th ol' Jum; the Trades Union Bill
came up lor seccmd reading when Sir John A.
Macdonald said there was nothing in it v/hich
eould do injustice to either employer or employ >.
Its ol)jeet was to repeal a harsh Act, under
wiiich mechanics could be indicted for every
association they might form. The amendment
had been adopted in the British rarliament
without a dissenting voice, because it was ielt
that the old law was loo oppressive to be borne
b\ free men. and he thought that recent events
in Toronto showed that the law needed to be
ch.inaed here. Mr. Mackenzie thouaht that
the DominiDU I'a; liameut was exceeding its
IHiwer in requiring Trades Unions to be regis-
tered, otherwise he was satislied with the Act.
.■\fter a little opixisition from Mr. Mas.son, the
Bill was passed without amendment or division.
The Act as passed assimilates the law with
regard to Trades Unions to that of Great
Britain. Unions are not illegal nor agreements
void merely because in restraint of trade. Dam-
ages are not recoverable for breach of an
aiiieement l)etween members of an Union
respecting conditions under which they may
trade or seek or give employment, or i'or a
subscription to the Union, or to apply its funds
I'or beneiits to members or remuneration for
obeyinii' the rules and resolutions of the Union,
o'' to pay a line of a meml)er, or of agreements
between several Unions, or any bond to secure
the execution of such aureements. Acts lor the
incorporation of charitable or provident Assoc-
iations .shall not apply to Unions, nor shall any
Union not reiii.stered have the beneiit of the
A( t. To others the old law respecting
atireements, &c. in restraint of trade will apply.
Any seven members of a Union may register it,

l)rovided none of its purjioses are ilU'gal. Ea( li
branch is to be considered a sei)arate Union.
Upon registration it becomi's a Corporation and
may hold projierty, &c.

7. — Two Acts w^erti passed at this session
with a view to encouraging immigration ; the
first being to amend the Immi-
ii'ratiou Act oi 1801) by abolishuig !iiimiKniti..n
tht> capitation tax oi one uollar
per head, and substituting instead a tax of two
dollars for each immigrant to be collected from
the Captains of any vessels not cleared under
the sanction of the Imperial Immigration
Commissioners, not <aij /ing a surgeon, and on
board of v.hich proper precautions for preserva-
tion of the health of passengers and crew, had
not been observed during the voyage. Tlie
second Act provided i'or the formation of
Societies for the promotion of iinmigra m l)y
subscriptions and advanci's made to intending
emigrants from abroad, and providing means
for recovering such advances in cash or labor.
The Minister of Agriculture was authorized to
divide the country into Immigration districts,
and any twenty-live persons in a district may
Ibrm a society, the capital of which must not l)e
less than !ii.)00, half of which must be paid up
in cash, and the constitution and by-law^s of the
Society m st l)e approved of by the Ministei' of
Agriculture. Societies may receive aid from
municipal or other corporations ; and may
receive applications for immigrants and forward
them through the Deiiarlment to immiuratioii
agents abroad, who may enter into contracts
with such emigrants enlorcible after tiieir
arrival. They may also act as agents of persons ,
or societies in the old country to reneu'
advances made by thein to assist intendinu'
emigrants. In introducing the bill in the
Senate, on the J^th of May, Honble. Alexaiuler
Campbell said that it had been prepared iu
consequence of the formation last wniter, iit
Ottawa, of a society to aid in l)riiigiMg
immigrants into the country. He exi)lained the
provisions of the bill, as given above, and said
it was the object of the Government to give all
possible aid to societies which were endeavoring

" .. Ill .. ." . ! I

HI II

■i ■■

(iOVIvRNMKNT OF LORD LISGAR— FJFTtI SFSSFOX, FIRST PARLIAMHXT, ISTi.

280

to increase the population of the country.
Hon. Mr. 8anl)orn thoui^ht that so far we had
liacl very expensive immigration machinery
with very poor results, which he attribu'od
partly to divided authority, and partly to the
pul)li(; kinds remaining in the hands of
the local authorities. He thought the best
immigration agents were local industries ;
encourage manufactures, provide a market for
labor, and lal)or would lind the market without
much aid from the Immigration ollice. Hon
Mr. Wark ;}iought the bill was calculated to do
much good, as it would tend to give newly
arrived immigrants some experience on cleaved
and settled farms before plunging into the
wilderness to attempt to clear a farm for
tliemselves. After a little moi-e discussion the
bill was adopted. In moving the second
reading in the House on the 18th May, Hon.
Mr. Pope, Minister of Agricultirre, said that
fj'om every fjiiarter there came the cry that if
the Government would only gi,ve. some assistance
towards the passage money, plenty of immi-
urants could be had ; it was therefore proposed
to provide for the formation of societies for '\e
imrpose of maUinu' such advances and being
secured for repayment, and he thoiight much
benefit would i)e derived from the Act. Mr.
Jackson was of opinion thai the clause giving
societies jiower to recover from immigrants was
liable to abuse, as a system of slavery might be
inaugurated and immiu'rants made to sull'er
very much. Hon. Mr. Blake thought that the
clause dealt with property and civil rights, and
was not within the jurisdiction of the Dominion
Parliament. As soon as the lal)oring men found
out that every shilling they earned could be
taken from them in L,v nrt by these Immigration
Societies, it would have the eli'ect of diverting
immigrants from Canada to other countries.
Hon. Mr. Chauveaix agreed with the main
jiurposo of the bill, l)ut thought that it trenched
upon th(> riglits of the Local (rovcrnments
Mr. Ferguson argued that iinder the Homestead
law of Ontario the clause of the bill giving a
lien on the immigra- ts land for the advance
would be inoperative ; and the Minister of

Agriculture woiild be practicing a deception if i
he led societies to beli(ne that they could
recover where free grants were concerned.
Mr. Jones (Leeds and Clrenville) had very little
confidence in any scheme for attractiim- immiura-
tion ; we had had many such, and plenty of
expensive agents, })ut during the past ten years
thi' immigration had not l)een one per cent, per \
annum. He thought it would be far wiser to
protect our own industries and thus oH'er [
inducements to our population to slay at home,
than to .spend large .sums in briiming immigrants
here, and have our own i)eople constantly going
away because thi'y could get better employment
elsewhere. Mr. Elanchet thought that the
most practical way to encourai>e immigration
was to proceed at on ; with the Pacific railway
and other great public works. Mr. Mills
objected to the bill on the constitutional ground
that the House was infringing on the riuhts of
the Provincial Legislatures. Hon. Mr. Anglin
agreed with the exceptions taken by Messrs.
lilake and Mills, and thought that the passage
of the Act w(juld be equivalent to introducing
the Coolie system. Sir Francis Hincks defended
the bill, aiul pointed out the dih'erences which
existed between it and the Coolie system. After ;
sonu' further debate the bill passed its second
reading, and was adopted witln)ut lurther
discussion.

8. — The Minister of Finance, Sir Francis
Hincks, made his Buduet speech on the SOth of
April, and was again able to
make a most favorable exhibit,

the receipta ior the linancial i

year endiui- 30th Juiu', 1871, havinu' exceeded
the expenditures by more than ^3,.J00,0(l0. In
moving the House into Committee of Supply
Sir Francis said that he would make the state-
ment, as was usual, for the i)ast year ":>T0-71, for
the current ye.;r, 1871-72, and lor the coming
year, 1872-73. First as to the amount of the
debt; on the 30th June, 1871, it was !«;77,70(),- '
517, or, in rouiul figures $S().(.)00,0<)0, a large
portion of the interest on which vas met by the
interest accruing from valuable assets, that
interest amounting to nearly twenty per cent.

I''iM;Miri;iI St:lti'riicnt-
A Surplus dl nvcr
three illi<t il ll:ilt

linancial '"'"'"""

'\ . <

M-l^

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I 1

•2!tO

TUTTLKS IIISTOKY ol' Till': DO.MIxNIOX OF CANADA.

of till' whole iiitfivst \n\\d on the debt. Oiic
roiison why the debt appeared laigev than it
really was, was the unsettled condition ol' the
surplus debt ol' the old Province ot Canada
which had not yet been divided between the
l'r(>\ in<es ol' Ontario and Quebec, and whi<'h
made the Dominion debt appear more than it
really was by alxmt $7,")00,0UO ; but this amount
also appeared as an asset, and it did not alfeet
the amount ol' interest at all. The statenuMits
relatini'' to expenditure on capital account were
of the most satisl'actory kind. DuriuL!,' (he I'our
years since ("onl'ederation, $7,2ii8,i!!IH had been
spent on the Intercolonial liailw. y, and on the
purchase of the North West and exoenses eon-
sequent on opening up that territory ; !5iMl3,"20o
' had also been expended on other Public Works
chargeable to <apital account, making a gross
expenditure of $8,081,!"03, yet the total iiu;rease 'I
ol' the debt siiue Confederation was only #l,!i77.-
87() showing that $(3,104,027 had been expended
out of rurrent revenue on important Pid)lic
Works. Although the large sum of |3.(JK),-24S
had l)een expended in Public Works during '
till' year 1870-71, still (he net debt had been
decreased ijo03,224. The amount of Saving's
lianks deposits was about $4,.")00,000, against
which there was s;l,3ti2,6(J0 in live per cent.
Canada IJoiids held in London, where they could
be converted into money at a moments notice,
so that there need hv no anxiety on that score.
Th(^ Crovernment had also to its credit in the j
liauk of Montreal, on interest, !5il,40i»,000 on
Intercolonial account; there was also i;t!OO,00O
slerlinu' in London in Imperial Gruarauteed ij
Bonds aiul Canada live per cents, and over $1,- '
000, 'lOO on deposit, at interest, in various Uaidcs,
so that, he held, the linancial position of the
Dominion was unassailable. With regard to the
liscal year ending -"iOth June, 1871. he had
estin;ated the receipts at !$l7,t)0(l,000, but the
actual receipts had been $10,33.'),5G0, and
as the expenditure had only been $lo. (523,081,
it leit a .surplus on the year's transactions of
$3,712,470.

0. — lie proceeded to state that the revenixe of
:j70-71 had exceeded that of 1809-70 by $1,92,'),-

•■)><7.3.'t, which had been chieilv ,,,,

J I lie |inis|,urouH

•gained on spirits, cigars, U-a, elllj'ilir^'.'""' ""' I

wines, sugar, cotton and woollen ' """"^^y- '

goods, iron and hardware, silks and satins.
With reference to the current year, 1871-72. he
said that in spite of the reduction of taxes hiit
year, whit h would amount to about $800,0(10,
the revenue wotild still be in excess of 1S7I-72.
even after making allowance for IJritish roluiu-
bia. 'Ulie total receipts would he about
$20,or)0,00t), and expenditures $17.040,tj!t.') ; .s,.
that he counted on a surplus of $3.11.''),4G7 for
the current year. For the year 1872-73 the
income was estimated at $20,030,000, and
expenditure about $r.t,i!00,000, .so that he
looked for a surplus of about $1,000,000. He
referred at cousideiable length to the Wash-
ington Treaty, and to the guar'intee of a loan of
X2,:jU0,0UO which Crreat Bri:,iin had agreed to
make in consideration of Canada abandoning
her claims against the United States for indem-
nity for the Fenian raids; and argued Hint
althouuh the Treaty was not all that could be
desired, still it was a very nniterial advantage

to Canada to have the liritish guarant >!'

nearly half tlie sum which would have to be
raised to build the Pacilic Railway, as it would
eiuible her to ii'ct the money on much better
terms, and would, according to his estimates,
ell'ect a. saving of about $(!i)0,000 a-year in
interest, which he thought was '• inlinitely
better than n.egotiating a Bill for Fi'iiiaii
claims, and encountering the danger of irrita-
tiju on l)oth sides which must arise in the
settlement of disputed claims." lieferring to
the public works which would have to be
undertaken, the Pacilic Itailway, the enlarge-
ni> lit of the cainils, iVc, which, he estimated,
would involve a charge of about $3,000,000 per
annum, he said: — '-In undertakinu' works of
such considerable magnitude, it is important to
see what is the state of the increase of tiie
commerce of the country. Now, sir, that
increase is really Avoiulerful. In 1869 our total
exports wiMv $49,320,000, while in 1871 they
were $,').'), 151, 000. The aggregate of I'xports
and imports in 1809 was $110,725,000 in 1871

(iOVKRX.MHXT OF LORD [,IS(I AFJ— !• IITFI SRSSloX, FIIJST TA RLIA.M KNT, 187L'.

21 1 1

lli'lwli' nil lllC
I'.mlKl't.

!jl42.0(»8,n00, ov ail incroaso ol' nearly 22 per
ci'ut. And when wo como to tho details of tho
exports we find them most satisfaetory. The
prodnce of the Mines has increased irom
82.003,000 to 83,221,000; of Fish, from
.s3,242,000 to $3,(tl»4,000 ; of Forests, from
$1!>,838,000 to $22,352,000; of Animals and
tiieir products, irom $S,T(;'.>,000 to $12,5^2,000,
tho latter chieily owing to an enormous
increase of exjiorts of butter and cheese."'
With reference to the tarili', he said thai the
(iovernment did not propose to otier any
chaiiiivs to the consideration of the House just
tlicn ; hut, owing to their being a proposition
before the United States Comiross to take oii'
the duty on tea, it was possible that tho
tiovermnont might feel compelled to propose a
similar course to the House later in th(> session.
10. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie severely criticised
the action of the Government in giving ui> the
Fenian claims and the fisheries
for a .small money consideration
from Groat Britain. Ho hojiod no Ministry
would ever again go on a begging expedition to
the Imperial Government. He looked with
loathing and disii'ust upon tho coxirso which had
been pursued, and he reaard«>d the result as
most humiliating. For some time the Govern-
ment spoke in tho strongest and most oil'onsive
terms to the British Government, with reference
to our rights of property and the Fenian out-
rages, and he felt humiliated to think that while
tiie American people were I'orciim' th(> Alabama
claims on the British Government, wo had not
pressed our claims against the United States for
outrages committed on our frontier. He felt
humiliated that tho British and Canadian Gov-
erumenls should have yielded so tamely to the
rejection of this as a legitimate subject for dis-
cussion and reparation, and for an apology on
the part of tho United States. It seemed as if
the Government thought of nothing but tho
amount of money it was to got, and tho House
was now asked to rejoice over an Imperial
guarantee of ^£2,500,000 as compensation for
injury by the Fenian raids, and tho loss of the
fisheries. He saw no cause for congratulation.

Ho denied th(» accuracy of the Finance ^linistcr's
figures as to the value of the proposed guarantee.
Assumiim' a gain by it, however, we had this
huckstering for the sake of saving, at the very
outside, about $120,000 a year. A humiliation
had been imposed on us which he was (juite
sure the country would not submit to for twice
that amount. Wo were able to ]>ay our waj',
and interest on our debt, and to contract what-
ever debt we miu'ht roqiiire for national improve-
ments, even if the Imperial Government should
decline to aid us by guarantees, lie did not
agree with the honoral)le liviit Ionian's course
Avith regard to the surplus. With one this year
of nearly four millions, and one aiiticipaJed for
next year of three millions and a half, and a
prospective surplus of a million and a half for
the year following, he did not propose tc eli'ect
any reduction of duties on articles whore some
relief might naturally be looked for. He
ren-retted this as he did not .see that there was
any immediate re(juiremont for the money, and
he thouiiht it would bo better to reduce taxation
a little while the finances were in a condition
to permit of its being done. Sir A. T. (.rait
joined in the congratulations of tho Finance
Minister on the prosperous condition of the
finances, and agreed with him that it woiild not
be judicious, in view of proposed heavy exjion-
ditures on public works, to introduce any change
in the fiscal policy. He did not think that tho
present enormous revenue could continue, and
hoped that Ministers would be warned by tho
past and not lead tho country into oxn'avagani^o
on the strength of momentary prosperity. He
objected to the introduction of the "WashiiiLtton
Treaty into tho Budget speech, thinking that
that subject should be dealt with by itsidf.
Hon. "W. Macdoug vll regretted that the Govern-
ment had not advocated a policy of closer
commercial relations with tho United States,
and argued that Canada should exercise greater
liberty in tho matter of commercial treaties.
Mr. .loly quoted from the Washington Treaty
correspondence to show that the Government
had not used every means i)ossible to obtain a
renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty.

! ^■■■

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21)2

TlTTTI,i:s IllS'l'OIiV OK TlIK DOMINION oK CAXADA.

CnDliniiiitiun <>t'
(loliatuiiii l!iiil».'i.'t

11. — Alter ivccss tlio debate was continued
by Hon. Mr. lilake, who ri'!>retlfd that the
rreniiev liad not fseen lit to make
any explanation to the llonse
with rol'erence to the Wa.shinii'ton Treaty, Vut
had left it to the Finance Minister to make a sort
ol" apoloy-y. He thoui>ht that the question .should
not be reuarded as one ol' money only, and (£uite
asi'reed with the Ministers ol' th(> ("rown when
they told the Imperial Government that the
idea of a money payment was repiignant to the
people ol' Canada ; but, il' it was to bo treated as
such — il' we were to be told that a sulReient
priee had been paid, then it l)ecame material
that the figures ol' the honorable gentleman
should be correct. He then analized the figures
to show that the saving ell'eeted by having the
guarantee would only be some $150,000 instead
ol' $<JOO,000, as claimed by the Finance Minister,
and from this $lo0.000 must be deducted what
compensation must be paid New Brunswick for
losing her timber duties uv.der the treaty, so
that there would be very little left ; and it must
be remembered tha^ the only advantage the
guarantee was to the Dominion, was in what
could be saved on the interest, for both principal
and interest had eventiudly to l)e paid by the
people of the Dominion. Mr. Cartwright depre-
cated mixing up the Washington Treaty with
the Budget. He thought the present statement
highly favorable, Imt reminded the House that
the present remarkable expansion could not
be expected to continue, as periods of great
prosperity were almost invariably followed by
periods of depression, and he condemned the
financial arrangemo :sof the Finance Minister,
not because they would cause mischief at the
moment, but that they did not make provision
for the future disasters which might overtake
us. He contended that the large increase in the
Customs and Exciisa durinu' the past three years,
amounting to $6,000,000, was not likely to be
maintained, but was much more likely to be
diminished. Hon Mr. Morris said it was quite
refreshing to hear the leader of the Opposition
talk about our being able to pay our own way,
when last session he had nothing but groanings

and lamentations that the country was being
driven into enormous taxation and ullnuatc
bankruptcy. Mr. Workman, (Montreal,) said
that he had heard the financial statement with
ureal pleasure. He had feared that the country
was going to be sunk in debt, but the fear liiul
now been removed from his mind. He was
glad to hear that there was to be no inreased
taxation, but that the great public works could
be carried out on the present taxation, and Ik-
was satisfied with the position the Dominion
was assuminu' liefore the world. He trusted
that the Grovernment would be guarded in the
I)roposed large exi>enditure. A very great
amount of borrowed inoui'y was being intro-
duced into the country, and dilliculties in future
years were very possil)le. After some reniiirks
from Hon. Mr. Tilley, the motion to go into
Committee was carried.

12. — Although Sir Francis Hincks said in his
Budget speech that it was not the intention of
the Government to make any u^p,,,,,,,,- „,„,in,i,.. '
change in the tarill', he soon had '""™ "'"i '^""^■••- '
to propose a very important one, namely the
repeal of the duties on tea and coil'ee, caused
by the United States Congress having repealed
the duties on those articles. On the 7th of May
he uave notice that on the following Tuesday
he would move the House into Committee to
consider resolutions repealing those duti(>s, and
on the 21st the resohitions were adojited
and a bill based on them read a first time.
The Act provided for the repeal of duties on
tea and collee imported after the 1st of July
1872, and allowed a drawback on all previously
imported and re-warehoused in original packaii'es
before the 29th June. It was also provided
that if at any time a greater duty was imposed
by the United States on tea or cotfee imported
into that country from Canada than from any
other country, then the Governor-in-Council
may impo.se a similar duty on tea and collee
imported from the United States. Mr. Bodwell
thought that as the Finance Ministcn- had
announced a surplus of $o, 500,000, and as tiie
repeal of the tea and coff'ee duties would only
reduce the revenue about $1,250,000, other

(i()Vq-:iJXMKNT OF LOIJi) MSGAR— THK NKW BRUNSWICK SCHOOL MT. IxTi.'.

2!t:!

lu'tessavic-s may bo added to the Tree list, and
lie moved in ameiuhneut that rice be added to
the articles on which duty should be repealed.
Sir Francis Hincks said that in view of the
heavy expenditures which would be n>'eded tor
public works it was not deemed expedient to
iiiiiUe any further reductions, and, after a short
discussion, the amendment was withdrawn.
Oil the bill coming i\\> for a second reading Sir
Francis Hincks explained that lioth the Houses
of C'ongre.'s had aiireed to impost' a duty of ten
per cent, on tea and coll'ee imported from any
country west of the Cape of Good Hope, and
the i>roviso in the bill was intended to allow
the ("rovernor-in-C(mncil to impose a like
tax on tea and cotl'ee imi^oited from the States
to what they imposed on similar articles from
Canada, but tea and cotl'ee coming through the
United States in bond would be admitted free.
Mr. Mackenzie thought this was a violation of
the treaty obligations with the United States by
which we were bound not to impose disirimin-
ating duties, and he did not think it was possible
to pursue the course proposed. Aside from
that he did not believe in retaliatory measurers ;
he did not believe in laying a burden on
ourselves simply because others took a burden
iipon themselves. Sir Francis Hincks did not
think the bill was an infringement ot the treaty,
and read the clause referred to in support of
his argument, and after a brief discussion the
bill was i)assed.

13.— The sirpply l)ill granted $(!88,n9(t.37 for
the year ending 3(Hh June, 1872, and
$20,729,0(;0.85 for the vearending
'"''""■ "'"• 30th .1 . lie, 1S73. Amongst the

items passed were $li)0,000 luiexpended balance
lor taking the census, Hon. Mr. I'ope stating
in reply to a question that the total cost ol'
taking the census would be about 141*1,000.00.
Items of $17,712 to pay salaries of Immigration
officers, $12,000 for travelling agents, and $70,000
to assist the various Provinces in euiouraging
immigration were passed. The latter item
caused some discussion, Mr. Young doubting
whether the vote was (juite constitutional as it
looked like increasing the subsituties to the

Provinces. Sir Francis Hincks explained that
the item was the result of a conference between
Dominion and Provincial Immigration Agents,
it being found that there were many expenses
which could be better met by the Provincial
Agents; the amount would be distributed
$25,000 to Ontario, $20,000 to (Quebec, $10,000
each to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and
C5,000 to Manitoba. The item was passed.
Amongst the important items passed were
$5,400^000 for the Intercolonial; >i3.4!til.000 for
Canal improvements; $1,.54II,4U0 for maintaiiiiim-
the Militia; $644,000 for Public Huildings;
$471,584 for liu'hlhouses and coast uuard service ;
$113,735 for protection and preservation of the
ILsheries ; $576,500 for maintenance of Indians
in British Columbia and the North-West;
$559,183 for Customs; $200,000 for improving
the navigation of the St. Lawrence between
Montreal and Quebec; $110,600 for the North
Shore Kailway ; $00,250 for I'airopean and North
American Railway ; $70,000 for temjiorary
water supply to Welland Canal ; $165,000 for
planks, &c. for the lied liiver road.

CHAPTER XXV.

GOVERNMENT OF LOI{D EI,SfiAI{— TUF NEW
BRl'NSWICK S(M10Oli ACT, 1S72.

i
1. The ScHooTi Law ok Nfav But^n.«<wk'k

PRIOR TO CONFEDKR.VTIO.V. — 2. TnK CoMMnN

ScHooii Law passkd in 1871. — 3. Opposi-
tion TO THK Act liY THK RoMAN CATHOLICS

OF TiiK PiioviNCK. — 4. Petitions to tiif,
Governor-Uenkrae to disallow^ the Rim..
5. Sir John A. Macoonald advises the
approvaTj ok the 1?imj. — 6. Remarks on

THE OPINION OF SlR JoHN A. MacDONAI-D. —

7. Motion for correspondence, &c. — M.
Mr. Costioan's motion for an address
prayi.vo the disallowance ok the act.— ■
9. Derate on Mr. Co.^tioan's motion. — 10.
Hon. Mr. Gray's amendment to Mr.
Costioan's .motion. — 11. Hon. Mr. Ch.\.u-

VEAU's A.MENDMENT TO THE AMEND.MENT. —

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TTTTI-F/S lIISTOr?Y OF TFFK DOMFXrON OF TAXATtA.

Thi'S,-: I l,i\v III'

.\r\v UlUII-\v ifk

IM-il.r III Coilll'MlTM-

tinli.

12. CoNTIM' ATIiiN OK TlIK DKHATK. — 13.

1)i:ki:at ok Hon. Mi;. C'ii.vuvk.'VU's a.mknd-

MKNT. — 14. .'VmKNDMK.VT I'lioroSKD UV Mli.

CtiijiV AUdi'TKiv — 1'). Hon. Mif. Mac-
kkn/.ik's a.mendme.np. Tuk MOrioN ^s

Kl.N'AM-V AlXll'TKl).

1. — O 10 of tilt' most intt'ivstiiig debatos
oT the M'.s.sioii of 187- was on tho quostion
oi I ho diisallowaiico by (lio
(iovornor-Ciouoriil ol' the Now
JJruiiswick Srhool Act ; and
iihhongh the Aot it.iclf proporly l)eloiig.s to tho
history of that I'rovinco, still :i.s tho inattor was
brouuht bolore tho Dominion Piuliameut, and
it was a snlijoct whioh intorosted tho peoplo
ol' tho whole Dominion, it will bo more con-
VLuienl to consider it hero than to leave it
entirely to our history ol' that Province. To
thorouiihly understand the matter it will be
noce.'^sary to state the coiiditiuu of the School
Laws in New Brunswick before Conloderation ;
tho oirocl it' any had on them by C'ontodoration,
and what chanue was proposed ))y tho now law.
It must be l)orni' in mind that thi' population of
New Brunswick is a mixed one as far as reli-
gion is ooncenied, about one-third being
Ivoman Catholics and the remainder belonging
to various Protestant denominations.* The
School Law in force in tho Province at 'Jon-
federation provided for a I'rovincial Board of
lulucation consisting of tho Governor and
Council, with tho Superintendent of Schools,
which Board had tho power to provide for the
organization, govornmont aiul discipline of all
Public Schools, and apportioned the annual
Legislative grant for school purposes amongst
the various parishes. Under this law Roman
Catholics, as well as other denominations, could
establish Public Schools at which their religion
forniod part of tho courses of Instruction. By
the "Jord Section of the British North America

• 'I'lie Cfiisu." "f 1871 (.'ivc.< tlie (inures a.i lulliuvs :— Kdiiiiiii C'lithnlips,
•y'.Vh\: liiipiist* 7n,.'>'.i7: Clmivli of Eiit-'liiiul, I'lIsI ; I'ri!sliytoiiiin,.'iS,S5;i :
Mctiii.ilii-t. U.i.'i'iii: dUier ili'ncMiiinati.ms, l,7'.iL'-Tii(al, L!s:">..V,il. It will
tliii- Ijo si'cn tliiit iilllHiiiKh Ihi' Hmpiin CullKilici wore more numerous
tliim iiii.v Miller 'IciiMtiiiri.'iiioii, tlicy Here niily uliout "iie-lliinl cit tlie
wlidle |»ii>uliili>>ii.

Act, l.St]", it was provided that " in and 'or each
Province tho Legislature may exclusively make
Laws in relation to ivlucation,"' subject to
certain provisions. These provisions were to
the effect that any exceptional rights or privi-
leges enjoyed by any Denominational Schools
at the time of Union should be respected ; and
that, in the event of any law being passed by
any Provincial Legislature infringing on those
ric'hts or privileges tho Dominion Government
siiould intorforo, but not in any ot'.ior case.*^

2. — The Provincial Legislature of New Bruns-
wick was not satisfied with tho workinii' of the

old School Laws, and, durin<<' the ^.,, ^, ,

•session of 1H71, passed a new "■">v,|,„ssi.,iin is7i.
Act, which was as.scnted to on the 17th of
^Lly. This Act introduced an entirely new
Free Public School System, similar to that
in Ontario, and i>rovided lor the Province
being divided into School districts, for which
TriTstees were to be ai^pointod who were bound
to provide jschool accoinmoihition for all children
in the district between the ages of five and
t\venty, free of charge ; arrangements with
existing schools could only be made on tlif
conditions that they were made free and came
under the provisions of tiie Act and regula-
tions ; a school tax equal to thirty cents per
head was imposed, and tho raising of additional

' A." I'rciiucnt rcfi.vcneo !..< nmilo in the dclintcs mi this i|iiostion (•> ihc
(.^oiifiiil(T:itinii Act. wo Kivt' (ho sul/-sertiniis «if Sccfii)'! !•.!, uliich riiiiilu
tit (he iM)..i.sil)K. intcrt'erence (pf (lie Ootiiininn (ioverunient in I'lnviiieijil
ni.itter.s:—

(l) ■•Nnthiiic in any sueli hiw sliall prcjuiliciatly iitTeet any riKht I'r
|iri\'ile(re with respeet tti ilennniinatinnal .-elntnls wliieh any r|jis> nt
persiiiis have by law in the Province at the Cninn :

(-) ■* .Ul the pmvers. pri\ileKes, and duties at the rniun by law con-
ferred and imposed in I'ltper Canaila on the separate schools aixl school
trustees of the t^ieen".^ Uoiiian Catholic sniijcet.s cliaW he. and tlie same
arc> herehy, extcmled to tlie dissentient schools of the liueeii s I'ro'.estant
and Riunaii Catholic snhjeets in (jncliec :

IS) "Where ..i any I'rovinco a system of separate or dissentient
schools exist? ''// hnr at the Iniini. or is thereafter estahlished by the
LcRisliiture "of the I'rovinee, an a|ipciil .fhall lie to (ho (ioverntir-
(iencral in Council from any act or decision of any I'rovincial authority
i.lfectiiiK any riKhf or privilege of the Protest iiif or Itoinan Cathi'lic
minority ot the t^iecn's subjects in re'ation to education ;

(I) '• In ease any such Provincial law as from liiiio to time seems lo
the (iovernur-lieneral in Council reimisice for the due execution of the
provisions of this section is not made, or in ease any docision of tlio
(iovernor-Oeneral in Cinincil or any appeal under this section is not duly
"xecuted by the proper Provincial aulhorily in tliat behalf, then and in
every smdi ease, anil as far only as the cireunistanees ol each case
rei|uire. the Parliament of Canada may make remedial laws lor the due
Kxocutioii of ilie Provisions of Ihi- section and of any decision of the
(iovernor-deneral in Council under this section."

(;ovi:i{XMi'].\T OF LORD MS(iAi{— Till-; y';\v hucnswick sciioo:, aci', \xt2.

•_'!>:»

rumls lor school purposes — iiirlvKliiiL; a poll-
tax ol' olio dolluv on every iiui' resident —
was provided lor. A new Board of Education
was established, which had power to pro-
vide a training and model school ; to appoint
Inspectors oI' Schools; to divide the Province
into School districts; to make regulations tor
tlie oriiitnizalion, go\ iM'iiment and discipline ol'
schools; to prescribe text-liooks and ai)paratu.s,
iVc. ; to determine appeals from Inspectors; to
make regulations for the distribution of school
monies, and to make general regulations.
Trustees were uiven the right to borrow
money for not more than seven years for the
erection of school-houses, and were nuule a
bodv corporate and invested with all the school
property of the district. Three 'J'rustees were to
be elected by the ratei)ayers of each district, to
.serve three years ; the lirst three to l)e elected
for one. two and three years respectively, so
that one should retire each year. All schools
to be non-sectarian.

;i. — This Act met with strenuous opposition
from the Homan Catholics, who used every

e, „i„n.„ll,eAe. l^*^^'*'^!' "l»''"»S <» *^le'''^'"t i* "» ^he

l':,Villlii""''rVho House, claiming that to establish

''"'"""'' a system of Common Schools in

which the te.xt books would be beyond the
control of their clergy, and in which their religion
would not be taugl t. would be to establish a
system which they could not conscientiously
support, and the result would be that they
would have to maintain schools for the educa-
tion of their own children, while taxed in tb.e
general assessment for the maintenance of
schools to which they had <onscientious objec-
tions. A petition signed by the clergy and laity
was presented, praying that thelioman Catholics
of New Brunswick should, at least, bo i)ut on
an equality with those of Ontario and the Pro-
testant minority of Queliec, in both of which
Provinces separate schools were allowed, so
that school taxes paid by Catholics in the one
Province and by Protestants in the other, were
applied for the education of Catholic or Protes-
tant children as the case may be, and the
believers in neither creed were made to con-

tribute to the Educational funtl of the other.
Ameiulmonts to this ell'ect were made during
the passage of tne Act through the Legislative
Asseml)ly, but were voted down iiy about two
toone, the expression of opinion auainst si-ctarian
schools being very strong. In the Legislative
Council an eilbrt was made to pass an amend-
ment recognizing separate schools, ami, on the
the 10th of May, the lion. Owen Mclnerney
moved the following amendment to the second
clause of the Act : " All schools exist iii"- at the
time of the passinu' of this Act, and all schools
to be hereafter established, whether separate ov
common schools, shall, pr<)\ ided they comply
with the re(iuirements thereof, be entitled to
their share pro rata of the district asses.snient aiul
other funds, for the support of schools, such
shares to be determined and lixed by the Trustei's
of the district where such .school or schools is or
are situated." The vote on this amendment
stood even, six for six against, and was passed
in the negative under the rules of the House,
which are that all ties count as a negative vote,
Although the Act was highly distasteful to the
lioman Catholics, it was satisfactory <o the
majority of the people, and Lieut.-Oovernor
Wilmot, doubtless, well expressed their satisfac-
tion when he said, in his prorogation speech, on
ITtli May: " It is with great satisfaction that 1
have given my assent to the Bill relating to
common schools, and most sincerely do 1
congratulate you upon the |)i'o\ision therein
made lor the education of our youth. Many
measures of great importance have been enacted
by the Legislature of this Province, but the
session now brought to a close will ever be
remembered as that which iiuiugurated a system
of free schools, a measure .so far transcending
as the cultivation and develo[)mi'nt of the intel-
lect surpasses in value and importa)ice all otlier
sources of national wealth and power. You
have prepared the way for the poorer man to
secure as his right that elementary iiisl ruction
which will tit him for an intelligent discharge
of his duties as a citizen of a great aiul
growing Dominion."

4. — Fuiding all etlbrts to defeat the Bill in the

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2!)<;

TUTTLK'S IIIHTOUY OF TIIH DOMINION OK CANADA.

Local lifninlature I'ruitloss, the Catholics next
acklrossi'd thcinsclvt's lo scriiriii"'

l'l!litinli<l,.(lli' •■ I- n \ 2.1 li

(■(.v.TiM.r (iiiH-nii lu its disallowiiiict' l)v thf Irovt'nior-

llisillln« Ihr lilll 11.-

(n'Ut'ial, and pftitionH to that
t'llect were foiwavdi'd tVoni the Bishops, clcrsfy
and laity of thf whole rroviiuc. A lew
cxtracls ironi oiii- of llicsc pi-titions will givi- the
yiound.s of complaint taken l)y the Catholics:
•' The petition nl' the iindersiiiiied Catholics of
Meniranitook, Donhi'ster, Westmoreland, in the
Province of New Brnnswick, hnnihly slieweth :

'•That the Aet relating to common schools
passed at the late session of the Local Legisla-
ture of this Pro\ inee, if allowi'd to go into
operation, will destroy or greatly diminish the
"ducational privileges which the Catholics of
this Province enjoyed at tlie time of the passing
of the Ihitish North America Act. and subse-
qnently.

■' That under the school law in force in this
Province at the time of the passing of the British
North America Act, and up to the present time,
Catholics were ena})led, wherever their numbers
were sulhciently larue, to establish schools in
wl '"'i a good reliuious and secular education
was . ilbrded.

" That in the cities, and other centres of large
populations, for the wants of which the law did
not sulhciently provide; your petitioners at a cost
truly enormoiis when compared to their means,
erected large and commodious buildings in
which they established and maintained graded
schools, equal in all respects to any primary
schools existing in these Provinces, and that
they received Legislative grants to aid in the
maintenance ol those schools. To those grants
they may in most cases be fairly regarded as
having a prescriptive right.

* * * ' * * *

" That if this Act be allowed to go into
operation, your petitioners will be compelled to
contribute to the support of a school system of
which they conscienciously disapprove ; and it"
they would not expose their children to what
they ri'gard as the most serioixs and alarming
dangers, they must maintain other schools at
their own expense, thus paying twice where

others pay but once ; or when their numbers
or means will not enalde them to establish and
maintain schools, to which Ihey can with sidety
send their children, they will be compelled to
allow them to grow up in ignorance.

'■ That this would be a most serious inlVin'>e-
ment upon tlie rights of your petitioners, a
most serioixs deprivation ol the educational
privileii'es they ha\ e hitherto enjoyt>d. and a
pali)able violation of the spirit of the British
North America Act. Your petitioners there-
fore humldy pray that your Excellency will be
plea.sed to disallow the said Act."

0. — In due course the Bills pasjsed by the
Local Legislature of New Brunswick were
forwarded to the Governor-

G, I ,. II Sir J. A. Miii'ilniiahl

reneral lor ai)proval, and were .idvist-s n,,. ,M,prMv,ii

, 1 . 1 \r- • . ,. T • "I'l't' Kill-

relerred to the Minister ol justice,
Sir John A. Macdonald ; at the same lime the
numerous peti 'oiis received were submitted to
him, and he reported upon the bills and petitions
on the 20th of January, 1871, to the Privy
Council, advising that assent be given to all
the bills, and the report was adopted by
the Council on the same day. His reasons for
advising that assent be given to the School Bill
were very clear, and we reproduce them here:

" Numerous petitions to His Excellency the
Grovernor-G-eneral, from the Komau Catholics of
New Brunswick, most respectably signed, have
been received, praying that the Act, chapter 21,
intituled • An Act relating to Common Schools "
be disallowed. The grounds upon which this
prayer are based are :

" That the Act will greatly destroy or greatly
diminish the educational privileges which
Catholics enjoyed at the time of the passing of
the British North America Act, and subse-
(juently.

" That the pecuniary grants hitherto made
to the graded schools have been taken away,
although to these grants Catholiis may in most
cases be fairly regarded as having a prescriptive
riivht.

" Now the Provincial Legislatures have
exclusive powers to make laws in relation to
Education, subject to the provisions of the 9ord

ir muuhors
tahlish and
with .sal'ety
impi'lh'd to

LIS inlVingt'-
•litioiicvs, a
'ducat iuiial
yod, and a
the British
ncrs thtTc.
icy will be

.scd by tlic
wick were

J. A. M |..iml.i

Im's tin- ;i|'i<r't\)il
hv Hill.

ne time thr '
Libniittcd 111 I
nd i>i'tition^ I
thi' Tiivy 11
ivt'U to all
doptod by
reasons I'ov j
School Hill '
tlu'rn liLMv : ;
rlli-ncy the i!
'atiiolics of
nt'd. ha\t'
chapter 21, jj
11 tSihools' I
which this ;

.f^i^'i^

i. ir

or greatly
;es which

passing- oi'
and subse-

*^'

i I

lerto made
ki'ii away, i
lay in most '
)rescriptive

ures have
relation to
f the 0.3rd

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llt'lAVtO ("WfjSl* 'UK IL''.i 5 i'.-,.,l,,r Ji ■ uKiMCI

Mii\\} C'-iB»f*T5 IiTmC COMP-

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GOVEKN.MKNT OF LORD LLSGAR— TIIH XHW BRUNSWICK ACT, 1872.

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clause of the British North America Act.
Those provisions apply exclusively to the
Denominational, l^eparatt! or Dissentient Schools,
they do not in any way afl'ect or lessen the
power of such Provincial Legislatures to pass
laws respecting the General Educational system
of the Province.

'•The Act complained of is an Act relating
to Common Schools, and the Acts repealed by
it apply to Parish, Cirammar, Superior, and
Common Schools.

" No reference is made in them to Separate
Dissentient, or Denominational Schools, and the
undersigned does not, on examination, iind that
any Statute of the Province exists establishing
such Special Schools.

'• It may be that the Act in qixestion may
operate unfavorably on the Catholics, or on
other religious d,-nominations, and if so, it is for
such religior.o bodies to ai)peal to the Provincial
Legislature, which has the sole power to grant
redress.

" As, therefore, the Act applies to the whole
.school sys*^»m of New Bruuswi<k, and is not
si)ecially applicable to denominational schools,
the Governor-Cleneral, has, in the opinion of the
undersigned, no right to intervene.

" As to the second objection, respecting pecu-
niary grants, those must, of course, be under
thi' annual supervi."<ion of the Li'gi.slature, which
has the sole power to deal with the Public funds ;
unless by special enactment, those grants have
been conferred for a specitied period by an Act
of the Legislature.

" In such case the grant might he considered
in the natiire of a contract, and the repeal might
be held to be a })reach of that contract.

'• The undersigned does not Iind that any
such statutory contract has been made. Under
tliese circumstances he is. therefore, of opinion
that no other course is open to the Governor-
General, than to allow the Act to go into
operation.

"AH of which is respectfully submitted.
"(Signed), Joii.v A. M.vcdonai-d."

(i. — The excitement on the school (|uestion
was very great during 1871-7-, and was not

confined to the Catholics of New

1, • 1 i_ J. 1 1 ■ -L 11 Ileiii:irk- ..M the

Jirunswick but shared m bv all ..i'iiii..ii ..i sii-.i^im
01 that denomination throughout
the Dominion, and especially in Quebee; it
being cosidered that the Protestant majority
was harshly and unjustly using its power, and
was infringing on the rights and privileges
of the Roman Catholics of New Brunswick.
Whether the passage of this Act was or was
not an arbitrary abuse of power by the
majority, it is beyond our purpose to enquire ;
but that it was strictly within the letter of the
law for it to do .so, was abundantly shown after-
wards by opinions of the Law Officers of the
Crown and by decision of the Privy Council
the opinion of Sir John A. Macdonald (given in
preceding paragraphs) that the Local luCgislature
had power to pass the Act, and that the iJomi-
niou Government had no right to interfere,
being fully sustained. It appears hard, at first
sight, that the lioman Catholic minority of
Ontario and the Protestant minority of Quebec
should be allowed to maintain separate schools
which receive Government aid, and that the
Catholit^ minority of New Brunswick should be
debarred the same privilege ; but, it must l)e
remembered that the circumstances of the case
were somewhat different. Catholics .uid Pro-
testants had had a long and bitter fight in the
Parliament of the old Province of Canada over
the question of Education, and it \.'as only
.settled by mutual concessions, the Catholic
majority in Lower Canada yielding a little to
the Protestant minority, in consideration of the
Protestant majority in Upper Canada doing the
same by the Catholic minority in that Province,
and the privileges thus mutually granted were
fully secured by the provisions of the 9:Jrd
section of the British North America Act. In
New Brunswick the (piestiou had not arisen
at the time of Confederation and no provision
was made to secure to the Catholics any right
to have separate schools, and the whol(> (question
of .schools in that Province, therefore, came
itnder the general provisions of the Act leaving
all matters relating to Education entirely in the
hands of the Local Legislatures. There being

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TUTTLKS IIISTOIJY OK THR DOMINION OF CANADA.

no schools ill Ni-w linmswiik rocogniscd by
law as Di'iKimiiiatioiial, Disseniiciit ov Soparate
at ihf time ol' Couri'dcmtiou, and schools of
those classes beini^ the only ones exempted
IVom the general Act, it follows that the opinion
ol' the Minister of .Instic(^ was strictly correct,
and that the Konimi Catholics ol" New l?runs-
wick had no means oi' redress except through
their own Leuislature. which alone has power
over all matters appertaining to Fldncation in
the Provime.

7. — The feeling;' ol' the Local House, however,
was so strongly against allowing Denoini-
j,,^,j„,i ,.,^ national or .Separate schools

LWroM-Micnee Ao. ^^.^^ ^]^^, CathoHcs saw they had

no chance of obtaining any redress Irom it, at
that time, and they, therefore, used every means
to induce the Dominion I'arliament lo interfere,
either }>y recommending the (rovernor General
to disallow the Bill, or by adopting an address
to Her Majesty praying for an amendment to the
British North America Act which would secure
to Catholics in New Brunswick the same privi-
leges as wore enjoyed by Catholics in Oiuitrio.
On the 20th of April, 1872, Mr. luMiaud, member
for Kent. N.B.. moved for all correspou'lence, &c.,
relating to the School Act passed by the Legisla-
ture ol' New Brunswick. He urged in support of
his motion that the law was unfair to the Komau
Catholiis. as it ignored their religious scruples ;
and that it was unconstitutional as the Local
Legislature had exceeded its powers. Hon.
Mr. Anglin maintained that the law was uncon-
stitutional as it took away rights which the
Catholics enjoyed at the time of Conl'ederati(Mi,
and that, therefore, although he deprecated
the interfereiiie of the Dominion Crovernment
in Local matters as a general thing, it was risiht
for the General Government to interfere in this
instance, and protect the rights of the minority.
He contended that the Dominion Government
ouaht not to have decided on the petitions
addressed to it as a mere question of law, but as
one of justice and policy as well ; and that the
legal opinion given by the Minister of Justice
that the A<l could not be disallowed by the
Governor-General, had aggravated the wrongs

of the Catholics by causing the Local Legislatur
to be extremely severe in the '• IJegnlations
issued under the Act, so as to preclude the
possibility of C^itholics having separate schools
luider their own control, or of conducting tlie
religious exerci.ses of the schools in the manner
they would desire. Sir John A. Macdonald .s;iid
that the House, as a House, could not (onsidrr
the (question as to whether the Koman Catholics
of New Brunswick should have a Separate
School Alt or not, whatever the opinions of
: individual members might be, that beiii^;' a
question entirely within the jurisdiction of tho
Local L<'gislature. In his opinion there were
only two cases in which the Dominion Go\ ern-
; ment was justihed in interfering with a Local
I Act; the lirst was, if the Local Legislature
exceeded its powers and passed an Act wliich
it had not the legal power to pass: and ilie
second was if the Act passi'd, althoutih within
the jurisdiction of the Province, was inimic;il
, to the interests of the Dominion. As to the lirst
' case, there was no question in his mind — and he
thought that every lawyei .A'ould agree with
him — that the New Brunswick Legislature had
the legal right to pass the Act, and the jcual
question was the only one for the Doniinioii
Government to consider. As to the secondcii.se,
he could not .see how the passing of a School
Act for the Province of New Briuiswick alone
could affect the Dominion at laruv ; and. tlieiv-
fore, on neither ground would the Dominion
Government be justilied in interfering. Indi-
vidually he was in favor of Separate S<ho()l.s.
and had consisteiitly advocated tlieni in his own
1 Province ; but the projier place for the Catholics
of New Brunswick to strive for them was in the
Leii'islature of their own Province, and at the
■ polls, as the Catholics of Ontario had
I had to do; and as they held the balance of
I power in the Province they ought to l)e
! successful eventually. Sir George Jv Cartier.
Mr. Bellerose, Colonel Gray, Mr. CostiuMii
j and Mr. Joly spoke on the motion, which was
then carried.

H. — The papers asked for were duly brought
down, and, (Ui the •20th of May, Mr. Costigau

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(iOVHHXMKNT OF \A)IU) LISOAR— TlIK XHW HTU'NSWICK SCHOOL ACT, 1><Tl'.

299

Mr.costirtan'sniMiinn m()vi>d. that all iiddn'ss bo votod

pniviMBtiio to Jlis JfiXCt'lloncy, renvest'uting

Act. " that it IS essential to the peace

:iik1 prosperity oi' the Douiinioii of Canada that

the several reliuioiis then-in i)revailin- • should

be I'oHowed in perfect harmony hy those

piolessing them in accord with eaih other, and

that every law i)assed either by this Parliament

or by the i^oeal Legislature disregarding the

liuhts and usau'es tolerated by one of such

I religions is of a nature to destrov ihat harmony :

I —That the Local Legislature of New Brunswick

ill its last session, in 1871, adopted a law

1 respecting Common Schools forbidding the

iiui)artin<i' of any religious education to pupils,

and that that i)rohibition is opposed to the

sentiinents of the entire population of the

i Dominion in u-eneral and to tl. ■ religious

j convictions of the Roman Catholic po])ulation

in particular : — That the Jvoinan Catholics of

New Brunswick canaot, without acting union-

.scientiously, send their children to schools

i'stal)lished under the law in question and are

yet compelled like the remainder of the

population, to pay taxes to be devoted to the

luaiiitenance of those schools : — That the said

.aw is unjust, and causes much uneasiness

ainona' the Roman Catholic population in

ueiieral disseminated throughout the whole

Dominion of Canada, and that such a state of

allairsmay prove the cause of disastrous results

to all the Confederated Provinces : — And praying

i His Excellency in consequence at the earliest

! possible period to disallow the said New

lir- Dswick School Law^'' He urged that the

! Catholic minority of New lirunswick asked no

'' li'roater jirivileues than were enjoyed by the

I'rotestaiit minority ol Quebec, and that their

; request shoukl be Liranled. He contended that

at lli(> time of Confederation the Catholics

virtually had Separate Schools, tliat their riiihts

were guaranteed them under the Act of

i Confederation : that the New Brunswick School

Act .sought to deprive them of those riyhts, and

I iliat, thi-refore it was unconstitutional and

ought to l)e disallowed.

9. — Mr. Bellerose said that the (lovernmenl

had admitted that this Act pressed unfairly on
the Catholics of New Ib'unswick, |,,,|,,„p„„ jj^.
and, therefore, it was the duty of '^'"*''iK«»'' "'"tion.
the Government to use every constitutional
means to remove the cause of complaint. He
argued that the injustice was not to the Catholics
of New Brunswick alone, but to Catholics
throughout the Dominion ; and that the Domi-
nion (jiovernment should protect the minority
from the tyrannous action of the majority. Sir
George E. Cartier said that thi' resolution
tended to upset the action of the British North
America Act, and to jdace the subject of luluca-
tion in the hands of the Dominion Parliament
instead of the Local Li'uislatures : for if the
principle w'as admitted that minorities could
api)eal to the Dominion Hou.se against the
action of the majority in their Province, the
Dominion Parliament would, virtually, have
the power of legislatinii' in all educational
matters. This would place tli" lariiv Catholic
majority of the Province of Quebec at th(>
mercy of the Dominion House, which was
hvrgely Protestant, and was what h^iil been
s'lecially guarded against al Confederation.
He arui'.'d that as the old laws repe.iled by the
New B: unswick Legislature did not provide for
Separate Schools, the Local House had not
infringed any riiiht possessed by the Catholics
by j)assing the new Act. and there was no
ground for disallowance. Besides, he held it
was incompatible with Responsil)le Govern-
ment for the House to advise the Governor-
General ; that advice should come through his
Ministers alone, and the motion as it stood was,
virtually, a motion of want of coulideuce in the
Ministry. Mr. Mas.son (Teirel)one) contended
that the Act was injurious to the whole
Dominion, as it was an unjust oppression of a
minority ; f..i<l if the principle was admitted
i-he Catliolic majority ol' (Quebec uiiLiht oppress
the Protestant minority without redress. He
held that the Dominion Parliament stood in the
same relation to the Provincial Legislatures as
tiie Hnperial Parliament did to that of (he
I Dominion ; and if the Imperial Parliament had
the right to disallow the Act of the Dominion

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Tl'TTLR'S IIISTOIJV OF THK DOMINION OF CANADA.

Pnrliaiiiciit roduciufi' th(> (TOVcrnor-GtMierars
salary, surely the latter had the right to dis-
allow the unfair Now Brvm.swick School Art.
Hon. Mr. l^angovin .'iaid that ho personally
disapproved of the New Brunswick School
Act ; hut the only question for the Government
to consider was whether it was Constitutional,
and not whether the individual members of the
Ministry approved of it or not. He had no
doubt that the Local Legislature of New
Erunswiek had the right to pass that Act, and,
therefore, he could not lavor its disallowance,
however unju.st he may think it. Hon. Mr.
Dorion held that Separate Schools were virtu-
ally in existence in New Brunswick before
Confederation, although the word '• Separate "
did not appmir on the statute book, and that,
therefore, the sjjirit if not the letter of the law
was broken by the Act lately passed. He
wished to know lor what purpose the veto
power was vested in the Dominion Gov-
ernment if it was not to protect minorities
from the unjust oppression of majorities/ He
con 1 ended that the Act .should have been
disallowed, which would not have been an
injustice to the majority, for the Local Leaisla-
(ure would have had the right to consider the Act
again, and would, perhajis, have amended it so
as to remove the objections to it. The Act was
prejudicial to the interests of the Domini(jn. for
it would cause dis,sention between Catholics
and Protestants not in New Brunswick alone.
l)ut throughout the whole D<nninion ; and what
we wanted was a leeling of perfect equality
before the law, so that no class should feel that
any of its rights or privileges had been trampled
upon. Mr. Alonzo Wright said that as a I'ro-
testant representing a Catholic constituency he
would be false to his constituents, as well as
false to his own feelings as a Lil)eral Protestant,
if he did not vote to ac ird to the Catholic
minority of New Brunswick the same riahts
and pri\ ilcLves as were enjoyed by the Pro-
testant minority of the Province of t^uehee; he
would, therefore, .support the motion. Hon.
Mr. Anglin thouiiht it was not correct to say
that the House was called on to over-ride the

Lejiislature of New Brunswick, all that was
desired was that an act of injustice should be
prevented by a simple exercise of the veto
power. The School Law of New Brunswick
was based on the lu'inciple that the child
belonged to the State, and not to its parents or
the Church — a principle which ought not to be
admitted in any Christian community. He
argued that the Dominion Ministers haviiiir
failed in their duty to advise the Governor-
General to disallow the Act, it was competent
for the House to adopt the re.solution advisinn-
its di.sallowance. All that the Catholics wanted
was permission to use their own money to
educate their children in the way they thought
right. On motion of Hon. Mr. Gray, the debate
was adjourned.

10. — On the 22nd the debate was resumed

by the Hon. Colonel (J-ray, who said that he had

been struck by the kindly feeliims

.Aimini.Moii'i'tn.Mr which cxisted between Ontario

Cn>rix:i(lt*.- Ulnliuii. 1 /-\ 1 1 1 . ,

and (.^uet)ec, when they exist ec.
as the old Province of Canada, on religious as
well as other questions ; and he attributed it to
the fact of their being allowed to settle their
differences their own way amongst themselves.
I without outsidt' influence being brought to bear
I on them. This, he argued, was the best plan
and should be adopted towards New Brunswick.
The peojde there should be left to settle their
differences without any interference by the
Dominion Government ; if there were any
grievances to redress the Local Legislature was
the proper place to redress them, and he had no
doubt but that the people would be better
satisfied in the end than if any outside influence
was used. He entered at leiiii-th into the ques-
tion of the constitutionality of the Act, arguing
that it was (juite within the power of the J.iOcal
Legislature to pass it. and that it should not be
disturbed by the Dominion Parliament. He
concluded by offering an amendment, so as to
make the motion read: "That it is essential to
i the peace and prosperity of the Dominion of
; Canada, tliat the constitutional rights of the
' several Provinces .should be in no way impaired
by the ordi'r of this Parliament ; that the Law

GOVKHNMKNT OF LORD LISiJAR— TIIH NKW BIU'NSWICK SCIIOOT; ACT, 1S72.

301

passed by tho Local Legislature of New Bruns-
wick, respectini>- Common Schools is strictly
within the limits of its constitutional powers,
and is amenable to be repealed or altered by the
Local Leiyislature, should it prove injurious or
unsatisfactory in its operation ; that not having
yet been in Ibrre six months, and no injurious
(onsequences to the Dominion havini!' been
shown to result therefrom, this House does not
deem it proper to interfere with the advice that
may be tendered to His Excellency the Governor-
General by the responsible Ministers of the
Crown, respecting the New Drunswick School
Law."

11. — Hon. Mr. Chauveau said that the two

main points which the House had to consider

v.'v-re, whether it had the power

Kon. Mr I-'Ikiuvl'.ui's , i i p •. i

Amemlinent In the tO dO Wliat WaS asKCd OI it, aUCl

.\iiiL'n<liiU'iit.

whether what was asked ol it
was right. He held that the spirit of the British
North America Act was to maintain the stuli/s quo
of the minorities in the several Provinces ; and
that if the New Brunswick School Act was not
unconstitutional it was the next thing to it, as it
was a violation of the spirit if not of the letter,
of the British North America Act. He contended
that non-sectarian schools was as repugnant to
Catholics as Cat.. :chools were to Protestants ;
and that wherever they had l)een tried — in
Ontario, in Ireland, in Prussia, and elsewhere —
they had proved unsuc<essful. Non-sectarian
schools to Catholi<'s meant no education at all,
or an obligation to i)ay taxes to support schools
they could luit conscientiously send their chil-
dren to, and having to pay again for other means
of educating them. He admitted that it was a
grave responsibity for the Dominion Parliament
to xmdcrtake to veto an Act of a Local House,
but the Act perpetrated a grievous wrona', and
of two e\ils he considered the veto was the
lesser. He concluded by moving, in amendment
to the amendment, that all after the lirst word.
" That,'" be struck out and the ibllowing .substi-
tuted : • That an humble address be presented
to Her Majesty, praying that she will be
pleased to cause an Act to be ])assed amending
the British North America Act, 18(37, in the

li sense which this House believes to have been
I intended at the time of the passage of the said
' Act, by providing that every religious denomina-
tion in the Provinces of New Brunswick and
Nova Scotia, shall continue to po.ssess all such
j rights, advantages, and privileges, with regard
'! to their schools, as such denomination enjoyed
, j in such i'rovinee at the time of the passaue of
j the said last-mentioned Act, to the same extent
as if sucii right's advantages and privileges had
been then duly estalilished by law." Hon. Mr.
Smith, ( Westmoreland) sal J that the question was
such an important one to New Brunswick, that
the members from that Province miu'lu to have
an opportunity lor consulting together, and he,
then^fore, moved an adjournment ot the debate,
which was aiireed to.

12. — On the 2'.Uh the debat(> was resumed l)y
the Hon. Mr. Smith (Westmorelaiul), who
deprecated any attempt to alter ,.„„Hn,,.H.,n „i the
the constitution of the country. ''"="■'"•
He said that he had opposed Confederation, but
since the measure had bee.i carried he had
given it his .support, and th(! principal rea.soii
he had done so, and the peojjle ol' New
Brunswick had done -o. was that he and they
had felt conlidence in the stability of the
measure, coniideiice that uiuler the Act of Union
the rights of the weaker Provinces would be
J! respected and maintained; but if the consti-
: tution was to be changed whenever political
necessity required, then coUi'dence in the
constitution would be i>one, and the stroimer
Provinces could infringe on the rights of tho
weaker ones whenever they i)leased. He
warned the House that the people of New
Brunswick were already greatly excited on this
' subjeet, and that any attempt of the Hoixse to
interl'eri' with the right of the Local Legislatur(>
to manage its own all'airs might lead to serious
i consequences. Mr. Colby reuicttcd that tiie
([uestionof religion should have been introduced
into Dominion iiolitii's, as it was the (juestiou
from which Confederation had most to fear, hut
'! as it had been introduced the House was obliged
to deal with it. He could neither auree with

the motion of the hoiiorable member from

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Tl'TTLKS HISTORY OF THE DOMINIOX OF CANADA.

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Victoriii (Mr. Co.stiu-aii) that the veto powfi-
.should l)(' exercised, nor could he anre<' with
the amciidmt'nt of the Premier of Quebec
(Hon. Mr. C'hauveau) to appeal to the Imperial
Parliament, as the veto power should only he
used in very extreme cases where a Local
Legislature had clearly violated the constitution,
and it would he very dangerous to estahlish the
precedent of appeal to the Imperial Parliament
whenever a dilRculty arose ; !)ut, he thought
that a course might be found on whirh both
Protestants and CatholiiS could unite, which
was to express a regret that the Act had be« n
passed, and a hope that any subst .i^ia) ^trei . anco
thai existed would I)e redi' 1 hv the
Leii'islature whose sjn'cial iun<tio. '. wa. i . act
in the matter. He would thereto •. inovt , i •
the event of the amendment of the Premier ui
(Quebec (Hon. ^Ir. C'hauveau) being either
withdrawn or defeated, an amendment to the
eil'ect that, " This House regrets that the school
Act recently i>as,sed in New Brunswick is
unsatisfactory to a portion of the inhabitants of
that Province, and hopes tha^ it may l)e .so
modilied durinii' the next .session of the
Leuislati;re of New Brunswick, as to remove
any just urouiids of discontent that now exist."
Mr. C'ostiii'an snid that before proceeding any
further he would liixc to ask whether the
(xovernmeiitint'ndcd to support the amendment
of the Premier ol' Quebec. t!>ir.Tohn A. Macdon-
ald said, on behalf of the Grovernmeiit, that he
fully recounizcd and ai)preciated the motives of
his honorable friend from Quebec in so framing
his amendment as to relieve the Government
from some embarassment. but they (the
Government) thoimht tiiat a motion such as
that suiig-ested by the Honorable member for
fcjtanstead (Mr. Colby) was most likely to conduce
to the public interest, and they would, therefore,
support that amendment when otfcred.

1-'!.— ^Ir. Costigan said that it had been gen-

erallj believed that the Government had intended

to accept the amendment of the

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cii„nv..iuv nuMuoer lor Quel)ec, and it had

tiiiii-iiiiiiit-iit.

been so announced by the Gov-
ernment press ; but if it was not their intention

to do so, then he ( Mr. Costigan) would not accept
it as he would have been willing to do if the
Government had supimrted it. He characterised
the proposed amendment of the member for
Stanstead (Mr. Colby) as very weak and unsatis-
factory, and asked if the House had no right to
veto the Act of the New Brunswick l^egislature,
what right had it to express rearet that it had
been i)a.ssed, and hope that it would be amended :"
He claimed that i)re.ssure had been brought to
bear on the Government to make them change
their minds, and that pressure had not cume
from Ontario or i^uebec, but from New Bruns-
wick and No\a Scotia. The member for West-
moreland (Hon. Mr. Smith) had said that if the
Constitution was altered it would cause a revo-
lution in New l)runswick ; he (Mr. Costiuan)
stood as the ad\ocate of the rights of one-third
of the population of New Brunswick, and he
could tell them that if the just plea of the
Catholics for fair play was not granted, if after
exhaustinu' every rea.sonable means they failed
to convince the good sense of the Dominion of
the ju.stne.ss of their claims, there woiild be ne
revolution. The w^ound would sink deep into
their hearts, but they would bear it with
patience and fortitude, and there need be no
talk of revolution. He had hoped that the
Government would havt? accepted the amend-
ment of the member for Quebec, but as they
would not it would be useles.s, even if it were
carried, and therefore he should vote against it.
Hon. Mr. Chauvcau Avi.-hed to exphiin that he
had no intention by his resolution to amend the
constitution, but simply to remove a doubt jis
to the construction to be put upon it. Hon. Mr.
Macdouu'aii argiu'd that there was no ground
for disallowance ; he considered that the amend-
ment of Mr. Chauveau would establish a
danii'erous i)recedent. aiul that ihal suguested by
Mr. Colby would amjily meet the requirements
of the case, therefore, he would support it when
oH'ered. Mr. Joly held thai reliu'ious education
was essential to the happiness of a cotuitry,and
if this was admitted, it must be seen at once
that it was impossible not to have Separate
Schools in a mixed communitv. He believed

(iOVKUNMIlNT OF LORD LIS(iAI{— TIFK NKW nUrXSWICK SCIIOOI. ACT, 1S72.

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that tht^ right of tlu> minority to educate their
chiklren as they pK-awed shoukl be as zealously
guarded as that of the majority. Hon. Mr.
Aiialin. Me.'<srK. Holton, McKeauney, Killam,
C'oimell and U'yan also spoke, alter which Hon.
Mr. ("iiauveauVi amendment was put and lost.
Yeas, :!4; Xay.s, VIH.

14. — Mr. Colhy then moved the amendment of

which he had given notice (see paragraph 12).

Mr. Dorion said that the amend-

.•\mend(noiit , ,, i,i,.. .•

lire 8e.i iiy meut aeknowlcdiiecl that in ustue

Nir.r„ii,y,i,i(.|.t...i. , , , , , •'

had been done and expre.ssed re-
gret, but atlbrded no relief. He believed that the
veto power was reserved to meet just such ea.ses,
and he thouulit that the Government ought to
use it. He would vote auainst the amendment
as he thought it an empty and meaningless
motion which wouhl be n^garded as an
impertinence by the Leiiislature of New
Uruuswick, and it would l)e of no i)ractical use
to the minority. Hon. Mr. lUake said that he
had studied the (question of the New Brunswick
School Law, and confessed not being very well
satislied as to its constitutionality ; the opinion
[ of the Minister of Justice may be correct, and
I he was not sure that it was not, but on the other
i hand there were circumstances which made him
1 doubtful about it. He thenatconsidcrableleimth
I reviewed the old School Law of \ew Bruns-
I wick holding that although Denominational
j Schools weri' not mentioned by name, denomin-
j ationa! teaching was clearly recognized, and he
I regretted that the Local Legislature had taken
I away that right to denominational teaching by
inserting aclause in the new Act that all schools
should be non-sectarian. He thought that the
remedy proposed, amendiiiii' the constitution,
was a most dangerous one, and should not be
resorted to; but he suggested that the fourth
sub-section of section ninety-three of the
British North America Act providi-d a means
whereby the rarliament of Canada may pass
remedial laws, under certain circumstances, and
he would like to have the opinion of the Law
Officers of the Crown in England &^ to whether
the School Law lately passed l)y the N\'w
Brunswick Legislature came under the provision

! of that sub-section or not. If it did, and the

I Local Legislature failed to give the relief

required, then it would be competent for the

House to deal with the question and to pass

any remedial law. He concluded by saying

] that his friend the member for La'~''ton woidd

move an amendment to that elh ; later on.

1 Mr. Wallace (New Brunswick vrgued that

I Parliament had no power to interfere with the

I Provincial rights of New llrunswick. and he

considered the amendment just voted down an

insult to that Province. .\ division was then

taken on Mr. Colby's amendment which was

carried. Yeas 117 : Nays 42.

15. — Hon. Mr. Dorion said thai the motion
just adopted was only meant to doss over the
difhculty by wliich the G-overn- |,„„..Mr..Ma,.k.n/ie'8
ment is menaced by a direct •iZlHHrL^ly^
vote i.i • e moti'in of the "^"''""'
metr' or f'o>- v'ictona (Mr. Costia'an) ; and that
in ord' r to brinsr the matter back as near as
po.ssilile to the original motion, he would move
that tl , folio win u' words b(> added : '■ And this
V use further reurets that to allay sudi well
g anded discontent, His ICxcellency tlu' (}ov-
ernor-Creneral has not been advised to disallow
the School Act of 1871, pas.sed by the fjcgisla-
ture of New Brun.swick." Sir John A. Macdonald
thanked the mover for his manliness in moving
a straight vote of want of confidence. Mr.
Anglin hoped that every member would consider
that he was choosing between reliel' to an
oppressed minority and the convenience of the
Government. Mr. Costigan said that he had not
intended a vote of want of confidence by his
origiiuil motion ; lint the (lovernment had done
its best to defeat his object, and he sliould be
obliu'ed, reluctantly, to vote a want of eonlidencc.
A vote was then taken, and Hon. Mr. Dorion's
amendment dt>feated. \''eas. -SS ; Nays. 117.
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said he was not satisfied
that the Catholics of New Brunswick had l)een
, fairly dealt with in thi' School Bill : nor was he
' quite sure that the Government would be
justified in disallowim;' the Act. There was
I room for consideral)le doubt in the matter, and
j he would, therefore, move in amendment that

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TI'TTLKS HISTORY OK TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA.

the Ibllowini'- words he iiddiHl : " And that this
House dci'ins it cxpcdiiMit, that thf o])iiiiou of
the Law Olliccrs ol' the Crown in Eni'-hmd. and
il' possible the opinion of the Judiiial Committee
of tlif Privy Council slionld be obtained as to
the riiiht ol' the New lirunswick Lcg-islalure to
nuike sui h changesf in the School Law as deprived
the Roman Catholics of the privileu'es they
e!iji)y('<l at the tinir of the Union, in respect of
reliLsious odnratioii in the Common Schools,
with the vi 'W of ascertaininu' whether the case
comes within tlie terms of the fourth suit-section
of the ninety-third clause of the British North
America Act. ISO?, which authorizes thel'arlia-
ment of Canada to enact remedial laws for the
due execution of the provisions respecting
Education in the .said Act." Sir John A.
Macdonald agreed to the amendment, and said
it was for the beneiit of all parties that the
(juestion should be set at rest, for tlu' Catholics
to know exactly how they stood under the new
law, and for the Protestants to know whether
that law was constitutional or not. lie took it
that the lase to be submitted should be sati.s-
factory to the tlovcrnment of New Brunswick
and also to those who were opposed to the law.
Mr. Mackenzie's amendment was then carried,
and the main motion adopted. The main motion
as finally adopted reads s follows: "That this
House reurcts that the School Act recently passed
in New Brunswick is unsatisfactory to a portion
of the inhabitants of that Province, and hopes that
it may be so modified during the next session of
the Legislature of New Brunswick, as to remove
any just grounds of discontent that now exist;
and that this House deems it expedient that the
opinion ol the Law Officers of the Crown in
lMii;land, and if possible the opinion of the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, should
be obtained as to the right of the New Bruns-
wick Legislature to make such changes in the
School l.,aw as deprived the lioman Catholics of
the privileges they enjoyed at tho time ol" the
Union in respect of religious education in the
Common Schools, with the view of ascertaining
whether the case comes within the terms of the
fourth sub-section of the ninety-third clause of

the British North America Act, iMl, which
authorizes the Parliament of Canada to enact i
remedial laws for the due execution of the '
l)rovisions respecting Education in the said Act."
Tho reference of the (juestion to the Law Ollicers
of the Crown had the effect of tem[)orarily
quieting the excitement in New ]>runswick,and
the other Provinces where it was regarded us
one of the leading ([uestions of thi' day : and
l)oth sides were ctnitent to wait patiently until
the case had been submitted and an opinion
obtained. What that opinion was and what
further action was taken will be recorded in a
future chapter.

CHAPTEIJ XXVL

GOVHHN.MHNT OK LORD bLSCAU — Til K
I'ACIFIC RAILWAY 151 LL. 1ST2.

1. Till-: "F.vthkr"' of the C.vn.vdia.v Paci-
fic IvAIIAVAY. — 2. LncKPTIoN (IF THE CANADA

Pacific Raiiavay Company. — 3. Tiiic I.ntei!-
()v'i;an:c Coaipany. — 4. Ciiauti:rs ora.ntf.d
lioTii Companies. — 5. The CJoveun.ment
Biiii,. — 0. Hon. Mil. ^Lvckknzie'.'^ oiuec-

TIONS — 7. DeHATE on the RESohCTIoNS. — 8.

Amendment offehed hy Mk. Macdonald

(CrI.ENOARltY). — 9. HoN. Ml{. MACKEN-
ZIE'S AMENDMENT. — 10. ThE RESOLUTIONS

ADOPTED. — n. Amendments locatinc* the

TERMINUS I<0.-<T. — 12. ANOTHER AMEND.MENT

KY Mr. Mackenzie defeated. — 13. Sii;
John's explanation. — 14. Mr. jVUvckenzie's

AMENDMENT 1!EGARDIN(} FrEE GranT LANDS.

— 1.'). The Bill passed.

1. — The terms on which British Columbi:i
was admitted to the Union, required that that
Province should be <onnected

. , ,1 ,, . 1. ,1 Tlic " riitlicr"ol'|lic

wUh the other portions ol tln^ Ciinniiiiin I'miiic

Dominion by a railway, to be

commenced in two years after the date of

G()VKI?NMKNT OF LOIM) LISCAIt -TIIK PACIFIC RAILWAY lULL. 1S72.

:{05 I

Union, and fomplt'ttnl in ten ; and the resolu-
tions adopted in rarlianient provided that the
work should he done by an incorporated
Company, assisted by a subsidy IVoin the
Government, and not as a i)ublic work. The
Opposition madt* it one of thoir stroi.ii' points
against the Bill admittinii' Hrilsh Columbia (hut
no Company would l)e lound e'ther ajjle or
willing to undertake the work, and that the
result would be that the Governmi-nt would be
compelled to cuiistruct the road itseji', i-i order
that faith may be kept with British Coluinbia;
it was ibund, however, that alter the terms
were actually agreed to and it was positively
determined that the road must l)e built, that
there was no lack of Companies willing to
undertake the work. The iirst person to
interest himself in tiie matter, and who should
be known as the "Father" of the Canadian
Pacific Eailway, was Mr. Alfred AVaddington *
au English i>entleman who had resided many
years in British Columbia, and who was
quite an enthusiast on the subject of a trans-
continental railway through Canadian territory,
which, he held, olfercd an easier and more
practicable rovxti' than could l)e found in the
United States.

2. — Mr. Waddington had di'voted much time

and money to surveys and explorations, and was,

prt)bably, the best informed man

|■ml..lu I'iuili.- in Canada as to the po.ssihuitios

|{ilil\v:i.vOolll|>»ll>. ,. / , T ., 1 .

ol a I anadian railway, at the time
that the Act of Union with British Columbia
was passed. The GovernnnMit surveys wi-re
commenced early in the sununer of 1871 — belore
the formal union had actually taken i)lace, — and
while they were in progress, Mr. "Waddington
had au interview with !Sir John A. Macdonald
and oiiered to propose a scheme for building
the railway, in conjunction with a number of
American capitalists whom he had interested
with him in the proposed undertaking. The
representatives of these capitalists, ]\le.^srs. G.
W. MoMuUen and C. M. Smith, of Chicago,
aciompanied by Mr. Waddington, subsequently

•Mr. WiuliliiigliiiMlicil (il.'^iiialliHi.x, 111 Otimvii, 2i'>ih IVIiriinry, 1><T:!.

had an interview with Sir John A. Macdonald
and Sir Francis Hiiuks, some time in July, 1871,
l)ut were informed that the Government was
not in a position to entertain any proposals at all,
at that time. Shortly after Sir Francis Ilincks
met Sir Hugh Allan, and suggested to him that
if American capitalists could see a good thinu' in
the Canadian railway, surely Canadian capital-
ists could do so, and gave him a list of the names
of the American capitalists which had been left
with him by Mr. McMuUen — amongst 'hese
I names were Jay Cooke &; Co., W. IS. Ogden,
General Cass, Thomas 15. Scott, and other promi-
[ neiit capitalists, principally connected with the
' Northern Paciiit Railway. Sir Hugh put |
j himself in communication with some of these !
parties, and the result was that they entered into
an agreement, under date 23rd December, 1871,
lor huildiuii' the road, provided a charter could
be obtained from the Canadian Cn)vernment ;
and notice was given in the Canada (JaztUle ih'dl
application would be made at the next session
of Parliament for the incorporat ion of the Canada
Paciiic liailway Company, with a capital of
' 810.000,000.

j ;l — While these negotiations were going on
between Sir IIiii;h Allan and his American
assoeiates, Sir John A. Macdonald .|.|,^, i„i,.r.()ee;,iiii-
had suiigested to some of his ^'""M'iiio
i friends in Toronto the propriety of forming a
Canadian Coiniiany,* saying that if the Ameri-
cans could make it pay Canadians could. The
I proposal was rather coldly received, and it was
' not until late in the fall of 1871, that tiie project
was taken up with any degree of warmth, when
; Hon. Mr. Macphersjii interested himself in it,
I and .soon notice was given that application
! would be made to Parliament for the charter of

* " T llr.<t c'oiiiniiinii'.ite'l with scviTiil Reiitli'mi'ij in Oiiiiirl". iirincipiilly
in 'roniiitn, eii-li':ivnriiiK to I'lili.-^t tlit'ir iiiti-rf--t in tlie cnicri'risf. I (olii
Iheiii lliut it »M< 11 mcil pily lliiil ; itreiil «"rl< of cliis liirnl -linulil In'
fnrricfi nil' liy InrciL-n iM>ui|ii"Iiliir.<,iiMil ilWiiicrioiin I'liiii'iili."!" iniiicl iniikc
it u I'ayihn t'liierprijie, >iirely CaEiiidiaii.'i could ilu ...o a.- woll. I .s|inlvu to
my IritMitls iinil iiKMititiiu'il lilt' lai'l that tjit'^^e Ainurican k'cnlU'iiieti ImkI
ciiini' aii'l mailc tlii- i'>'"l""'<ti">i. • • • Tlii" I lliink inl.k'd to the
iiiKt'iil ri''|ii('sl mI iii\>i'lt"nii rrt'iiuuiit (K'oatiinris tun niiMil)t-r ol't^cnllciiii'Ii
ill Tnronli), inilih-c'l I think ihi' lorinalinn of the Intcr-iiri'anii' Cfpini'jiiiy.
I hail "pukcn to Mr. Maophir-on. Mr. Ilowland, .Mr. Ciiinlii'rhind. Mr.
Worl.-^. aiul a iiiiinhtT of oihrr KtMillcnu'ii in Toronto, to Ir.\' lo interest
tliein in it. and the Coini'iiny wa.** fornu'd.*"— .Vi"/- .fnhn A, M>i' itnufi/il'i
el-i</»Hr* ftt/t/rt thf ii'niitl Cnunitigtiim,

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Trrri-Ks iiisToiiv oi' tiik domimox ok c'an'.\i>.\.

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i:ii

aiiolht'r ("orapiiny. to Ix' known as tho IiiltT-
Utt'iinic. Tlii'sc two ('(unpaiiios soon (Icvclopcd
into (liicrt rivalry. It wns well i<nown that Sir
Hugh Alhvn had associiittHl with him a nunilxr
ol' Anicritans. and, as soon as it Ix'L'iUut' known
that ihfso won' I hi' sainr parties intorcsti'tl in
tho Northern Pacilif Railway — wliat was con-
sidered a rival road — the > ry was raised that
these parties were not enlerinu' the enterprise
with any idea oi' ))nildini;- an entirely Canadian
road, hut ol' const riietinu' a road in such a manntn-
that it should aet as a feeder to the Northern
Paeific, aiul Canadian interests he sacriliced to
American. So siromidid this I'eelinu' grow that
Sir Hugh Allan found it necessary to change
his original |>lan, and drop all tho American
names, so that the Cmipany appearoil to he a
purely Canadian one ou the face of it — althouuh
he still kept up his eonaection with the Amer-
icans, and it was understood that tln'y should
retain their interest under Canadian names.
Besides this cry against the introduction of
American capital, there was also the old I'eelinu'
of i'rovincial jealousy roused hetween Ontario
and Quehec — the Inter-Oceanic being essen-
tially an Ontario Company, while the Canada
racilic was (juUe as much a (Quebec Company.
Thus matters stood at the opening of the session
of I87:i ; instead of having any difficulty about
getting a Company to undertake the work, the
Government had two ready to offer for it ; and
there seemed to lie no reason to fear that the
constniction of the road would fall through for
want of compi tent parties to undertake it.

4. — The Government ollered n<j oi>position to
the incorporation of either Company, and they
both ol)tained iieir charters on
equal terms. These terms were
that the capital should be $10,000,000, in $100
shares, and the Company should not be
considered organized until all the stock was
subscribed, and 10 per cent, paid in. Each
Company was niven power to enter into an
agreement with the Government for building
the Pacific Railway from some point in Ontario,
near Lake Xipissing. to the Pacific coast ; and
power was also given i'or an extension from

Cliiiricrs irriinti'il
l)ulh entn|);tni('<<.

Tilt' liiiverniiieni
liill.

the mainland terminus in Ihitish ColumM:> t:;
Vancouver Island, aiul across that island to
liarclay Sound ; also for a bram h to the St.
Mary River between lakes llurnn and Supe-
rior ; one to Nipigeon Payor Thunder Hay; one
from or near the Winnipeu' River to the Lake
of the Woods, and one from Fort Crarry to

i Pembina or to some other point ou the I'nited

' States boundary ; also a branch line in British
Columbia to the I'nited States frontier to coimeet

! with their railway system on (lie Pacilic «(iast
Power was also yiven to build railway bvidyes
ac:ross the St. Mary River and .lohnson's Straits,
ami to own or charter and sail steam and other

i vessels on the inland waters alonu' the route

I and on the Pacilic Ocean.*

! "). — Althouiihno opposition was made to the
incorporation of these two Companies it was
felt that the Government could
not very well enter into an
arrangement with either, as to have done x)
would have estranged the section represented
by the other Company; and, therefore it was
determined to pass a general Act giving I hi'

I Governor-in-Council authority to enter into a
contract with either of the chartered Companies,
or with the two Companies amaliiauiated, or
failinu' that to grant a charter to a new Company.
Onthe2ttth of April 1S72, Sir (ieorge K. Carticr
moved the House iuto Committee of the Wliole
ou certain resolutions respecting the I'aeilic

I Railway. He explained that the terms of unimi

j with British Columbia required the road to iie
commenced in two years and completed in ten,
and that surveys had already been commenced.

i He said that what the Government wanted was

• Thf I'rnvisiiiMiil Plrci'tur-' nf li'Uli ('.■inp;iiii<'< won' Cinnliiiii*'.
1 iilth'juiili.a.- \vi! Iiftvi' .»:iiil aliove, Sir lliisli .■\llaii •l\U in linliiinr'l liis
I iniiiioi'tiori Willi lii.« .Aiiii'rii'iiii ^ri^'l|l|^'. The I'mvi^iniial I'ireflnrs wiTu
I as ('.■lliiws: —
i ; iMKii-OiKiMil'ciMi'WV.— Ilo". |). [.. MMC|.lnT>nn : Il.>ii. W . M.-.\la.<lcr :

II. .11. l-'nink Sinilli: II..11. .I..I111 Sini|.-"ii: ll..n. .|..iin Crlin^i : II. .11. II. K.

VtWk: II. III. l,Tliiliaii.l,'!Ui; linn. C. I-'. C,irii« all : ll.iii. .laiii.s .Mai'.l'.aa!.! :
' II. .11. .I.Siitli.rlaiul. .\|i-<r.... WalteiShaiily : li. TI1..1111..-1M, .\l.l'. : I". \V.

CaiiiliiTlaiiili |l. I). Calviii: .1. <i. Wans; \V. II. Ij.nvliiii.h .\. lir.'im :

II. T..rraiii.' : A. Tlimii|.>.mi ; .1. Starr; T. Kenny i K. Kii.-.K'I1 ; C II.

Kairwealher: \. .1. llan.|"l|.ti : .1. li.iy.l.
CwvhA I'miki.' ItvH.HW C.iMi'AS V.— Sir lliiuli .Mian: Sir K'iwar.l

Kenny: Ij.ai. .hinie« Sk.'a I : ILm. .1. .1. C. .Vlila.lt: ll.m. .\. II. K-i-ter;

II. III. n. Clirisiie; lliiii. O. Ouiiuet ; Hull. .1. .1. It.i-'s .M.-sr'. I>. .A.

Siiiilli: VV. .Nathan: K. It. Iiari..'e; -V. .Allan ; 0. .M.lunes: I.. ll.Miilaeii .

C. F. liil.lcrs.'ecve : .1. I!. Kenan. I; K. Ker!.|('inan : K. Chiiiie.

COVKI.'N.MKXT Ol' M)l{|) LISfJArr Tin; I'ACII'IC l!.\II,\V\V nil. I., 1-

;;o7

authority I'lom I'liiliaiiii'iit to ■Mrrfc with any
C'oiiipiiiiy ciiiiiowiTi'd to liiiiki' the roiul from
Liikt! Nipissiiiii' to tin-. I'acilit C"oa>t. and to
uudrrlakf tln> w orkiiiii' nl' it wlioii coiiiiilctt'd ;
and as ihr UoviMiuiU'iit luiglii not \n' aide
to maki- ail a^;r«'oun'iit with one Company
for thi' whoh' roud. it was inoposcd that they
should havi power tr mtcr intoa^rotMntMits with
several ('onipauie> lor parts. It wii.s iiercssary
lor the G-ovoriinient to l)e protei ted auain.st the
possibility i-i a condtination of Cunipanie.s to
demand their own priee, and, therefore it wa.s
desired that tliey siiould have threefold power;
1st. to deal with a Company havini;: ii eapital of
$10,0011,1)00, with ten per cent. i)aid up; ind, io
deal with an anialyanuited Company ; and ord,
thai the Govi-rnment should be open to receive
tenders from capitalists, and afterwards y-rant
them a charter, on the principles of the General
Hallway .\ct. With rei-ard to the a.s.sistance to
be tii ven by the Government, he said that it could
not l)e expe.ted that any Company, however
wealthy, could build I he road without assistance ;
and it was therefore pr^po.sed that the Govern-
ment should have power to lirant a (juantity of
land, not exci'cdinn' 50,000,000 acres, to be <>iven
in alternate blocks, twenty miles stjuare on each
side of the line, the alternate blocks reserved by
the Government to be held for sale hereafter
to reimburse the Crovcrnment for the money
sub,sidy it was proposed to uive. which would
be about $811,000,000. These figures were the
out.side limit, l)ut it did not necessarily follow
that the Government would uive the whole
amount of .-ither money or land. lie dwelt on
the fact of there l)eiim' every likelihood of the
money being eventually reiml)ursed from the
sale of the lands; birt mainlaiiicd that even
without that, considering the guarantee that
England had given, the financial condition of
the CI 'uitry would warrant the outlay without
hicreu*ing taxation, and still pro\ide forasiidiinu'
fund wliich would pay oil' the debt in thirty-
live or fortv years. The IJill also made provision
lor two branch lines, one from the main line in
Manitoba to . onncct with the American railway
system, and another from the main line to Lake

Superior. It was not proposed to pay any money
subsidy lor these braiK h lines, lint to make such
u land grant as may be agreed on Itetween the
Company and the Government.

tl.— Hon. Mr. Mackenzie maintained that the
I'ai ilio Iiailway could not be l)uilt in the time
specified, and .said he did not ,, ,„ Mr m.h'
believe that even the Govern- i"' '■■■-"iW"""-
ment expected that it would be. He .said that
the practical effect of the Hill would I)e to
enable the Crovernnient to do anything it
pleased in the construction of the Iiailway, ami
characterized the two Companies seekinu incor-
poration as two "rings" who weri' makinti'
some efforts at amaliiiunation ,so that there
might be "one ureal body to share the plunder
that might fairly be expected from the construc-
tion of the work." He pointed out that the
assumed Icnuth of the road was taken at 2,700
miles and the land subsidy based on that, but
it was not taken into account thai the road for
several hundred miles ran through ( )ntario.
where the Douiinitni Government had no lands
to give away, and he wanted to know where
the lands were to l)e taken from to make up this
deficiency. It had been estimated by those
competent to judue that there was only between
forty-five and sixty-five millions o| acres of
uood land in the N'orlh West, and if so much
was given to the Company there Wduld l)e very
litth' left for settlement. He held that the settle-
ment of the country was tln' most imjiortant
point to l)e uaiued, and that of all nu-ans of
settling a country uiviiiu the lands to a Railway
Company was about the worst. With regard
to the Imperial guarantee he said that he looked
upon the acquirement of that small sum as
"one of the smallest and most beggardly fea-
tures of the whole subject."

T. — The resolutions were di'bated at lei'uth
on the Tth of May, and several amendments
suiiU'csted by the Opposition.
On the twenty-first, on the
motioji to adopt the resolutions. Sir Georue 1'].
Cartier said that the Government had decided
to accept the suugestion of the nieml)er for
West Durham (Mr. Hlake) thit the mom-y sul)-

li.'I.Mic "II the
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,' ''■

:i(is

TUTTLK'S IIISTOHY OK TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

•1: I,

.! i

i ■"

sidy should 1)0 jiaid in iiistulmciits from time to
timt' as the \voik prourosscd ; and, also, his
snsrycstion with rcii'ard to the lands to iw
sivantt'd lor the Manitoba and Lake Xipisreon
branches, the grant to the i'ornier branch would
be restricted to 2n,0U() acres to the mile, and tor
the latter to 2.').0(»0. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie
ol)jected to eouimencinsi' the work on such very
insullicient inlorniation. It was promised that
the terminus should be on the South-West side
of I>ake Nipissiuii-, but the little ini'ormation
they had show.'d that many serious en<>-ineering
diiliculties may be expected, and it was impos-
sible that any Company could make any
intellii'-ent ofier without knowing what they
would really have to do. He thought that
there was no neci'ssity I'or hurrying on the road
without proper surveys ; and that it would be
a fatal mistake to force on the work while there
was no particular object to be accomplished,
and no population to be accommodated. He
thouiiht it was unwise in principle that the
Government should be allowed absolute control
of so vast a sum as $:?0.il()0.0(H) and .">(i,000,O0O
acr.'s of ui'"l ; and held it tc be essential that
all contracts should receive the sanction of Par-
liament. Sir George E. ('artier said that the
honorable mcni'-.T for Lambton (Mr. Mackenzie)
had found fauli with the Government scheme,
but tuui suuae.sted nothing in its place. He
(Sir (jeoriic) held that the scheme was a sai'<'
and couipreiiensive one. Mr. Younii' renarded
the scheme as a leap in the dark, and had no
expectati<in that the road would be completed
I'or anything like the sub.sidies named. He
objected to the extraordinary powers asked for
by the (Jovcrnnicnt, and i-rotested against the
('(. pany J)einii- liiven the oi)portniiity to lock
up such a vast (|uantity ol land. Mr. Fergu.son
and Mr. Cumberland supported the resolutions,
and Mr. Anulin opposed them; and the House
went into Conimiltee, and reitortcd the ri'soln-
tions with anicnilmeiits *

•Till' rt-nliitiiiiis lire MS l'(rllii«,«:

1. /,'. «../r../. Tliiil it i.» cxin ilii'iit I.I iiroviili' tliiil 11 Riiihviiy.l" he ciilli'd
'I'll"' Ciiiiiiiliiiii I'licil'ic liiiilwiiy. he .'iiiislriiotcil In luirsiiiiiicc nT iiml in
fiiMr<>niit(,\ uilli (lie tii/rcM'liK'liI tliailc tirlweell (he hnliiiliinii initl the
I'liivinee 111 lliili«li Ciiliiiiibiii anil eiiilinilieil in llie iiriler nl' the (Jiiceii-

S. — On the motion of Sir George E. Cartier
that the resolutions be read a second time, Mr. ;
Maedonald ((Hengarry) inoved [

, , , ri<L . li I Aiiieinliiieiil .ilVereed .

m amendment, •' 1 hat the re.solu- h> .\ir m.iiiIi.iiiim

. , , , , (llleliKiiro).

tions he not now read tlie second
time, but thai they be recommitted to the
Committee of the AVhole with instructions to
provide thai the route to be adopted for the |

ill CiiiiMi'il ilillllillillL' ihe >iiii| i'li>\ill>-e ilil-) ihe llliiill, lllliler Ihelliith 1
.-eeliiin ■>( ilie lirili-li Nm-ih AiiiiTii-ii Aet. l-^f'T.

•-'. Uisiilriil, Thill >w\\ UiiilHiiy -liiill exleiid Irdin snmu piiiiit on nrneiir
Luke .Nijii-^iii^r. Ill >iiMie |iiiiiit nil tile «hiire I'l' (lie Piieilii- Oeeuii, [lie ,
*inir>e;lllil line lllere.tr In he -ilhiei-I In the Jl,i|ir.iv;il iif the ( .ii\i'riliir-in. '
Cnlllli-il. i

•i. /,'.«../.■../. Tlial the wlinleliiie iif yiieh UiiilHiiy he enrstrnile.l .■in.l '
wnrkeil liy nnc CniiiinKiy. (n he apiirnveil nl imiliiitreeil widi hy (heiluvcr
nnr-i(i-('i>iineil. a nil be enniiiieneeil within Iwii years a nil entniileleil within [
ten years Irnni the ml : issimi nC Itrilish Cnliiinliia inlu the lininininii. I

I. /i''>n/iv>/. That the l.iinil (iraiil In siieli Cniiijiany In seeiire the enn-
siniel inn anil wnrkiiii! Ill tlie liailimj, .-h.ill mil e.x.eeil ."i(i,ii(«i,i««i .i,-res,

ill hhiiks nl twenty iiiih.s in ile|ilh nn eaeli siile nf the lii I' ;he Hallway

in .Miiniliilia. the .\nrlli-\Vesl Territnries ami ISritish Cnliinihia, alter-
iiatiin: witii hhnks nl' like lietitli resei'\e.I tnr the li.ivernineiit nl the
Onniininii. an. I I . he snhl liy it. ami the prneeeils nl' >iii-lt .siih' a|)]ilieil '
Inwiiril.s reitiihiirsiim to the linttiiitinii the siiiii.s expemleil hy it oii tlie
eniislriielinii nl" the saiil Kailwii.\- ;— siieli taiids In he Kraiiled rrmii lime In
lime us any jinrtinii nl' the I'aihvay is eniiijileteil. in |irn|iiirtinii In the
leiii-'th, iliMii-iiJI^- III' eniisiritetinn mill enst 111' fiieh }inrtinii ; anil in Ciitariii
^11. -Ii liiml kiraiil tn tie siihjei-t to the arranvetaent wliieh may )ie niaile in

tlial heliall liy tlie (iinernment III tlie llnmil.inn with tlie lli.verniliellt 111
ihul I'rnviiiee: I'nn i.liil I lial il the ti.lal .|iiaiitity nl laml in the hIiit
liite hlni-ks In hesn L-raliteil in the Cnni|iaiiy. -liniil.l he less than .'ill.illlO.KUl
a. -res, then the linM-riinii-nl nia\ . in il^ ilisi'i-etinii, ^ralil In the Cnliijiiiiiy
siii-li ail'tiliiinal i|ilalilil.\ nl land i-lseivheie as will make il|i, with siieli
alternate lilneks. a i|iianliiv not e.vetvilinit ."iii.l«»i.(i(Ki aeres ; ami in the
ease nl' siieh ailiiilinii il uraiil. a .iiiantity nl land elsewhere ei|iial In siieli
.i.lilitiniial jrrani slmli In. reserve. I an. I .|is|inseil nl' h,\ thcdnyernmeii! I'nr
theiiaiiie imriioses as the iillernale lilneks In he reseryed lis afnresaid hy
the lln.eriimeiil mi the line nl' the Itailway.

•i. Hrii,lriil, That lie snlisidy or aid in nmiiey In he uranled In smh
Ooiuiiany he siieli sum imt e.veeedintr .<:1ii.iiihi,iiihi in the whnle
as may he avree'! ii|.nii hetweeii the I invernmeiit and the Cmniiaiiy : the
C.ini|iany allnwiii^' the enst oC the surveys nf ilie line in N7I-7L'. as imr.' nl'
-iieh siilisiily:— and that the (iii\ eninr-iii-Cniiiieil he anlhnri/.ed In raise
hy In, 111 siieli sum as may he niiiiired In |iay siieli snlisidy.

il. //. >../i-../, That the u'liaife nf the liaiUvay he Inn r feel eiulil iiiehes
anil a half: and the uraile^. material- and iiindc of eonslni.linii siieli as
the (loverntiient and Cnnifany shall auree ninin.

T. It""li'nl. That the ilnvi.rnmeni may make siieli ai^recmei.t as alnre-
»aii| with any Cnni|iaiiy a|i|irnved hy the llnvernnr in-Cmineil, and heinii

iiienriinraie.l with |inwer In eniislriiel a Kailway, nn a li ipiirnved hy

him. Irnni Lake Ni|iissiiiK in the I'lieilie iha'an :— nr. ihal if there ho Iwn
nr mure -iieli Cniii|ianies haiim.- |ii.wer simily nr Inirelher, In eoii-lnii'i
siiili liailway, they iiniv niiile as one Cnmjiaiiy. ami siieli aitreement iiia.v
he niii.le Willi llieiiiiile.|Cnin|ialiy :-iir,lll.il if there hi' nn sileli l'nlii|iaiiy
Willi wliniii the ll.i\erntneiil .le.'ins il aiMsahle In make -indi airreeineiil
and there he iiorsniis ahle and willinii .n firm siieli CnMiininy.llie llnvirii-
nient inuy hy Charter iiienrinrate them, and make siieli airieeini'iil wiili
the Cnnijiiiny so inenrjinraled.

H. W,..,/i-../, That Ilie il.nernment may liiilher aiiree wiili the Cniii|iaiiy
with whom siieh aureement as iil'nreMiid shall have heeii made, to enn-
sirnel ami vvnrk a llrainh line nf Kailway. frnm mine point nn the iiniin
line in .Manilnha to sniiio imint mi the hmin.lary line het veeii that I'rn-
viiiee aii.l the Inile.! States. In i-nnneel willilhc system nf railvv.iys in
the said Slale.s :— mil another llran.'li line from smne imiiit on the miiiii
line In -nine |iniiil nn 1,11 ke S ii|in inr ill llrilish Terrilnrv I and that siieh
llrniieh lines shall heileeined part nf the Slid Caiiailian I'aeihe II lilway,
and a li.nd Kiaiil in aid Iherenf may 'le made hy Hie ilnvernmenl to sueh
evlent as may lie aureed iipuii helvveeii Ihulloverninenl and the I'ompuliy.

E. Caitier
time, Mr.

■Iiiieiil iilliTeed
Miiivli.iialcl

c:irr.v).

id to the
ictioii.s to
d tor tht»

Miller the llhih

. . I
'Hint iin iir luMir

I'll- ili'Miii, i[„. '

(■ '••ivfriinr-in- i

Hslrii.if.l iiipI I
I l>y tli('iMi\cr' I
n|ili.-H'.l wilhiii I
h'liiiiiiiiiii,
'I'ciiri.' lluM'iin-

f.lHHI.IHHI ;irrf>,
>( ; III' I{ill limy

liiniliiii, alter-
'Miiii-iit 111' the [

1 .inlf .'l|.|,lin| '

liy it III, till'
il rriiiii tiiiii' III

tiiirlinli til till'

:iiii! iiidiiiariii ;
ly III' in.iili' ill

iiiMThllll'lll III

I ill lliciiliir

tliail 'iH.IHHI.tllll
tllL' t'iiltl|>;lliy
lip, Willi -lli'll

1 : mill ill thii

ri|ll:ll tn Mli'll 1
ViTMIIH'lif t'lil* !
•illorcsiiil hy ;

llli'il III slli'h

II till- wlliilr

iniiiiiiy ; till'
■J. MS |iiir: III'

/.nl til rili'l'

iMirlil iiH'lu'- ,

'li'ill Mill, IIS

I'l.f iis ajuri'-
il, iiitil lii'iim
ipl>rii\(''l liy
ilii'i'i' lie l»i>

iisiriii-l

i-iiiciit iii;i>

lil'miipiiiiy

Il ii^rrrciiifiil j

llli' (l.niTii- ,

rllli'lit \silll >

ln'('ii|ii|iiiiiy

mil', to, ■.111- '

III the iiiiiiii I

II tliiil I'lii- \

riiilWHVS it, ]

II, till' IID'III '

il tliiil -iii'll j

li.' If iil«';iy, '

U'lll 111 slU'll
H ('ii|ll|i|lll>.

(JOVKJ{\.Mi;.\T OK LORD I.ISdA I?— TIIH PACIFIC RAILWAY I'.II.I-. is;-.'

:!(i'.'

Patilic K'ailway. shall bo subject to the approval
ot'l'ailiauiciit, so as not to leave at the diiscretion
of the Goveriior-iu-('ouncil the linal determina-
tion ol' the location ol' a railway, towards the
building <>r which it is jiroposed to uive
§:!O.OUO,0(iO ol' the public funds, and r)0,00n,000
acres of the public laiuls." He said that in the
case of the liitcnolonial he had voted that the
ijuestioti of route should l)e left to the Govern- ,
ment. and he now very mu'h reuretted that he '
had done .so. and was not prepared to repeat the
mistake. He claimed that the location of the
Iiiten olonial was cue of the urcate.st blunders
I ever committed ; and held that the location of the
I i'aeilic road should be submitted to the Hou.se
' before the contract was uivcn out. The air. 'iid-

nicnt was lost on division. Yeas, :i'.i ; Nays, 83. ,
I 9. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie .said that the powers ;|
proposed to be conferred upon the ( rover, iment

' 11.1,1. .Mr. > Kiiuio's w.'voextnvauantanddanuerous;

..nicniiuuiit. ,i^.j, ji ^^,.,,. .^ |,.,j ivatnve of the |

system ol' Government which h,id been intro-
duced, that the House should be asked to
deleoate its pov/er in this matt<>r to the Ministry,
;iml I hat if the resolntions were passed the
House would b(> abdicatiim' its functions, and
submitlinu' to the (Jovernmeiii of the day ques-
tions over which it shmdd retain the control. ■
lie moved, in amendment. •' That the said Iteso-
lutions l)e not now read the second time, but
that they be recmnmitted to a Committee of the
Whole, wilh instrucii)ii;i to provide, that all
l)ro]>osed contracts before lieinii- entered upon
>iiall be subniitted to, and receive the approval
of, I'arliameiit, — and to expunge that portion
whirh authorizi's the Governor-in-Couinil to
charter a Company to eonstruet this Kailway,
withnui the sanction of I'arliaiiieiit." The
iimeiidment was lost on division; Yeas, ;!!• ;
Nays, S-2.

10. — Mr. Younu' moved, seconded by Mr.
Macdouuali (IveiilVew), " That the said Kesolu-
tions be not now read th" second
timt\but that the I'ourlh Resolu-
lion be refei'red bin k to a Committee of the
Whole, to provide that no cnuiiu'cment shall be
entered into with any Company which will

Till' IlL'snllltilMl
.Ml'>|.t(.'ll.

prevent Parliament dealinu' with tlnit part of
the public lands not uranted to the Company in
.such manner as the public interests may from
time to lime require, and .so as not to leave in
the hands of the Governor-in-Council the power
of binding the country as to the disposition of
.jO,flOO,000 acres, an area equal to nearly six j
Provinces of the .size ol Manitoba." Hon. Mr.
Aniilin .said that the amendment would have ;
the elfect of preventing the Comi)any from
sellinu' its lands. As tlie House had i)ledued
itself that lands ,><hould be granted, he did not
think that that pledge .should be liampered with
a provision which would practically make the
lands of no value to the Company. Tlie
amendment was lost — Yeas, 3(1; Nays, sij. The
resolutions were then coneurred in.

11. — On the 2Sth the resolutions were auain
considered in Committee and debated at ItMiuth,
some trilliiii;' amendments bi'inu'

d, , , , , Aiiii'ii.liui'iils

to t)v the (rovernment. i"i'ii!iiii:iiiiMurmiiiiis

I -I.

The discussion took the siiape
more of I'roviiiees than party, the Ontario
members uenerally tryinti' to gi't the (tovern-
ment to aui-ee that the terminus of the road
should be delinitely settled at som(> jjoinl South
and West of Lake Xipissinii'. whieh would have
been most favorable to Ontario as oll'erinu' the
easiest connection with her railway system,
whilst the Quebec meml)ers advocated the
Northern route as most favorable to the inter-
ests of their Provinc.'. The Government tried
to conciliate both sides as much as po>silile by
agreeing that the terminus siiould be lixed on
the south side, but could not make any more
positive promise in the absence of dclinite
.surveys. On the resolutions coming up for
concurrenee on the ^ilst, Hon. Mr. lUake moved
in amendment to the liist clause, that after the
words "such Kailway shall extend from some
point on or near Ivake Nipissinu', and on the
Smith side thereof," thi^ following should be
added: " pas.siuo'. ii' praciiiable, Hnuth and
West of the said Lake," whicli was lo.sl on
division — Yeas. .')! : Nays, '.if. Hon. Mr. Dorion
thought that tiie terminus should be lixed at
the ])oiiit whicii wmild be most advantageous

If
■f I

'i '

'•n\i

iii

:;;!'*?

4 1

ic^:|

iPiipi

i l!

1^1

il'ih

:{io

rirn.Ks iiisrouv oktiik dominion of canada.

to the Avliolc Doiiiinioii, and <j^i\i' the fshoilcst.

institution.-^ involvod in this

and choapost route acio.-M tlie contiiu'nl. lie

it a most .serious attark on 1

uiovt'd in aiuiMidiiK'nt, "That llic Hill be ivconi-
.,,:ii.>,i 1'.,.. ii... ...^. ,,r . .... ,>m;..,.. ti...i ii.,>

that the (}oV('iuui('iit ol' the (

uutltHl lor till' purpose ol pro\ uinm' tlial

o itsell power to L^ive

Hill. He thnu-lit

'arliauieniarv rule

(lay should assume

)rders-iu-("ouneil the

Ivistern Terminus ol the .said I'aeilic Kailway validity and ibree ol' Acts of rarliameni ; and

shall be at such i>oint West ol' the Ottawa iJiver in order to test the sense ol' the House on this

as shall l)e louiul to all'ord the shortest prac- point, he m(i\ (>d, seconded by Hon. Mr. Ilolton,

ticable routi' I'rom the I'aeilic Ocean to such " That the 15111 be rel'errcd back to the Commitiee

I'^astern Terminus, and not as provided in the ol' the Whole, with instructions to amend .sucli

Uill at Slime point South ol' Lake Nipissinii' ;" sections as i:ive (rovernor-in-C'ouiu:il the [

wlucl

was

lost

-lull

•'-.

1l'.— Hon. Mr. Mackeii/ie said that ihe (|

a VI

ucs-

>r u'lantiiiL;' ti

ivailwav C'ompanv.

KlWi'l-

larlcr

siiiii' the autlioritv and validity oi' an ad

>{' the LcLiislaturi

also sue

section^

lion of the terminus liad l)een practicallv settled : coni'er upon the Crovernor-iii-Couiicil autiioiiu
but he attached miicii more ini- to c!iaiii:e an Act ol' Parliament, by oxpnimiiu;'
poriaiice to the provisions ol' the therelrom all such i)rovisions, as the granting- <<['

AnMilii-r :iin
h.v llnii. .Mr
.M)h-kl'hi

i.hlH'Ml

.iilcii.'.!.

r>ill, wliicii he c(uisidered om

■iucl

1 powers to 1 1

xecutive, wou

Id b

he most danu'eious ever passe

iiv anv

,- Le-

a- abdication by Parliament ot its jiroper luiiciio

ture. He maintained that the Hill was an en- and invole liie atloplion into our political sysleiu

croachmeiiton the riiiictionsori'arliament.andan ; ol' a iirinciple at variance wi
attcnii)t at acoutralizatiun ol' powerin tlu' hands | Government."

til V

arliaiueiitarv

)!' the ( !o\ ernor-in-Couiicil, whicl

1 wmild leai

]'■). — Sir .lohii .\. Macdonald said that he could

to other cii'roachiiicuts, and -jroatlv diiiiiiii-ii not see ihal there was any usurpation ol' power

indejiendelicc ;illd usejulnc;

arliainenl.

till! j)ai't of the Govi'inmeiii ^.^

.1. \. .\r,.'.i"

He knew that t lie excuse (illi'led fur til is uiiu

suai

111 vo

Ived

in llh

Aci.

ariiament

i-.\I>hni;ili'

assumption ol'iioweron the part ol'the Govern- decided where the road lienan and ended . Ikiw
meiit was, that oiherwise there would not l)e much assistance in money and land, and no nioie.

)mpany should receive ;

and

siillicieiii time in whicli to.arrynul liieir ayree- the ('

men! wilii l'.iiii>li Columbia: biil, he held that Icl'l lo the (1

notliiiii:' would be L;aiiie<l by this undue hurry. proceed with the road at once. JK? ariiucd

On thi' colli iar\', he Idlieved that an unwise

that wa^

iiNeriinielit Wasloseiect tilelllcn lo

ihiil

beuinniii!' was sure to lead li

alamitoiis jiro-

il' the mailer was put oil' until the consent e
Pailiameiit could be obtained, ii would iinolvi

ceeillii'.

lor many ye

to r

irs. In his opinion the a delav ol' neaiiv two years. ;;nd would make il

proper way w as to have a lliovouuh iiislrumelal iiii

-ible to carrv out the terms agreed on will

a year or two, an

know what
the road could tlu'ii be was the diU'creihe between maiiliiiu' I he < 'harlcr

rvey ol' the proposed route, which w ould lake iiritisli Columbia. He wanted to]'

pr.

ded

w ith mu< h more rapidly than under , to the capitalists w ho had ai>))lied lor iiu

oipora-

existiiii;' circumstances. He thouiiht il was not lion, and LiraiiliiiL;' it to another body ol' capitalists

wife I'or (ioverninent to proceed in this hurried ! who had iioi yet ai)|)lied :" The object ol the

111. inner, and in order lo do so, in ask lor |iow ers ( !o\ erniiu'nl w as to prc\ cut such a combination

such as no (ioverninent in this coiintrv ever had. ol' the ( 'ompanies as miuht create a monopoly, as

lle\ I'd

the practic*

tor

leiol'i

e was sure

liait heeil

the case with the .\t Ian lie ('aide Coin-

I'ailiamciitaiy i:oveiniiieiil was panics. H was si

111 ply l(

pre\ cut iiioiiopol\ an

opposed to the assumption ol such power; and kceji llicse Companies in order, that the d;

lllse

le was certain that, when the country lully

s inseited. '1 he Governmeiil did not seek for il

umti

rslood the extent to wliii h power was taken, any discretionary jiower over money or land
they w ould conic to see the i^ieat daiiL'er to our they only asked lor svn h powers as were icpiisiu

(iovKifNMKXT OK r,()i;i) ms(;ai{-tiii<; pacific uailway iull. 1S72.

.•ill

to (liH'ido, iil'tt'r a cavi'l'iil survey, which would be

the host lino lor the railway, and who wore (ho

liosi caiutalisis to l)o ontvustcd witli Imildinti- il-

Alter some dol)ato, Hon. Mr. Mackcn/icsanicnd-

nicnt wa.s ] ni and lost on division: Voa.'^, oj ;

Nays. !t7.

14. — lion. Mr. Mackon/io thon .said that he

desired to t;ol an oxiircssion of opinion iVomthc

ii,.M. Ml, Hoii.so on thesuhjcrt of the land

:iiih"lrrH'iil with JKilli'V ol llu' (.TovemnitMit as

li'tu-'l 11. I'liT lliiin' • 1 1^.11 1 I 1

i.^i"i-. i-onveycd ni tlif IJill. lie ariiued

thai acliial sclliers ouulit to ho allowed lo onler
iipnn I lie lands aJoUL;- the railway whether they
were in the l)locks reserved I'or the Government,
or tho.se <jiven to the ('onii>any: and moved,
seconded hy lion. Mr. Dorion, "That the Hill
be referred hack to tlie Coniniittee ol' the Whole
with instructions so to anien<l the same as to
provide that actual si'ltlers may enter ii])on any
unsold or unoccupied lands beloniiint:' eiilier to
the Company to l)e eiitru.sted with the eonsiriic-
tion ol' the K'ailway, or to the (.Jovernment in
the alternate hloci<s reserved, on terms and
conditions to he made ; whieh terms and condi-
tions siiould he subject to I lie approval ol' Parlia-
ment ; and I'urther to provide that nothiim'
therein contained shall i>revent provision beinii'
made I'or setlinu' apart a portion ol' the laiul
reserved i»y the tJovernmcnt. in tiie alternate
blocks or elsewhere, as Tree li'rants to actual
.settlers." Sir John A. Macdonald said liiat the
hon. n'cntleman liad objected lo the road because
the country was iu)t able lo albu'd it, and now
he wanti'd to take away the bi'st .security the
country had I o oiler tor huildinu' the road. It
was all nonsense to sui)|H>se tliat the i)cnple of
Canada were ii()in<>' to build the road lor the
comlorl and c(>nveni(>nce ol' emiu'rants from the
Old Country, .so that ihey may have a railroad
runniiiii' i)ast their doors; there wsis plenty of
land outside the twenty mili' belt wiiich wiuild
be iii\ei! to settlers free, l)ut tills belt of twenty
miles w iis looke<l iiu as the pricipai nutans of
payinjj for the cimstructioii of tin' road, and it
was ridiculotis to propose to uiv e it away. After
ashort discussion, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie's amend-
nuMit was U)^^ on division. Yeas,:?:!. N'avs, 101.

Hon. Mr. AVood then moved an anu'ud-
nu'ut to th(> eU'ect that I lie subsidy of money
aiul land should he made l)y annual uraiits
by rarii.iment. which was losi on division,
and the amended Bill was then read a second
time.

1.'). — On the Rill cominii' up for the third
readinii', on the lirsl of .liine. Hon. M.. Wood
auain moved his amendnn'iit .,., ,, ,, ,

I III' lull |.il>-i'.|.

that the subsidy to the Cumpanv "'"'■"■''■'■
should be made by annual li'rant by rarliament.
which was neii-atived liy a vote. :]:'> lor, 100
aaaiiist. Mr. INlills th.'ii moved in amendmenl,
"Thai the said liill lie recommitted to a Cdiii-
mittee of tile Whole lo make provision tiiat the
(lovernment sliall imi ha\e power to urant to
any Company, whicii has amonn'si its share-
holders a Member or Memhers of Parliament,
the public monies and jmblic lands ,s,.t apart
by this Hill I'or tiie construction of the Pacilic
Railway, ' which was lost on a division : Yea.s,
4J ; Nays, So. The liill was then read a third
time and i>assed. The bill was discus>ed in the
Senate on the (lib and Tlh of .lime, and a
trilline' ameiidniein ui.ide to the third clause,
which was aiirci'd to by the House, on the
11th, and consi'Ut was L;iven to the ]?iil on the
14tli, when the House was pioroi^iied. We have
followed this ]?ill tliroiiu'li step by step, xcry
carefully to show the olijections which were
raised to it by tlie Opposition, as liiey ha\e
ureal bearinu' on what was rfierwards known
as • The Pacilic Scandal. ' The gravamen of
these objections was, thai hy alirou'aliiii!' its
power of re\ i-ion of all charters, before u'raiilinii'
iheiii, Parlianient placed in tiie hands of ihe
( io\eriinieiit of the day tin,' i>ower to u'raiil the
Charter to such parties as ihey pleased, on what
terms they liked; and the gravamen ol' the
charges sul>se(picntly made by Hon. Mr. Itun-
tiiuiton (Jiid of April, l><7-'>), was, that the l'ear.s
en I erl ail led by tlie Opposition iiad liceii reali/cd,
and that the (roveriiiiiciit lia<l used ilie power
granted iliem to furlliei' tlieir own ends, by
iyrantinu' the Charier to the p;iilies who would
li'ive them the most money to be used in the
Cieneral Kleclions.

•*n

'■ H

If!!'!

I [ I

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; ^ i

I -i

iill

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;iii"i

.•J12

TITTMIS IIIST()I{Y OF TIIH IH).M1.\I()N OK CANADA.

ClIArTER XXVII.

i.oVIIINMKNI' OF l.cl.'h MSCA l; — TIIF
'I'i.hA'rV oi WA.^IilNfi'l'M.N.

1 "i.iK TiM.VTV iiK W'ASIlINdToN (".VUSKI)
m TIIK At riDX <iK THK CANADIAN (JoV
KUN'MKNT. — 2. HiiN. Ml( ("AM l'l!KLl/s MISSION

1(1 I'iNdi-vMi IN 1S70. — S. Hon Mk.
('A.Mri!ii.i,L s KKriiur. '1"iik Fknian inva-

SKi.N'. — 4. lln.N, Mi;. ('AMl'liKl.j/r' KKl'oWT.

Till". 1m.<iii:hii".s. — .">. I'lini-dSAii to aim'ointa

.loINT HlOll CoMMI.-iSION -VdliKKl) To HY TIIK

United Stvtk.-^. — <>. Tin-: ri.-opo.-^vii ok a
Commission wki.i, UKci-.n kd in Canada. — 7.

MlCKTlNd OK THK < 'oMMISSION KIIS Al' WasII-
INdTON, :i7rM KKIUilAWY, 1M71.— 8. TlIK
AmkKHAN CoM.MISSIoNKUS DK.dMNK To
ACCKPT liKrU'WoCITV AS A UASIS Koll N Kdo-

TiATioNs — II. The A mkkican Commissioneks

oKKKIf SI. 0(10,000 Kol: illK KldllT To USE THE

Kisiii:i;iKs Koi; k\ ek. — 10. RKtnrKociTY in

(■o\l., .-ALT AM) KlSIl OKKKK'ED, — 11. 'I'lIE
IIASISOKAN Ai;ifA\(iEMENI KINAI<I-Y AlililVED
AT. AND .\i;ilrl,ES IS To 2."> AdIfKEDTo. — 12.
JiEMAIJKS o\ TIIK TKK'MS AOUKKD oN. — l.'J.

NwidATi'iN OK iiii: rSr. I.wvijknce. Tkans-

I'ol.'TATloN IN i;oND. \('. A l!TIC',ES 2() To

:;:'. — II. 'I'liK San Ji'an IJoindahy (jI'Iv-^tion.
.\i;t!ci.es '.'A ro 42. — 1.'>. Canada's ('i,aims io

INDK.MNIIY KoR FkNIAN iiAIDS IIK.IKCTED la
TIIK CoM.MISSjoNKKS.

1. — It is a curious I'ikM (hitt to Canada Kiiiihnul
OWL'S the sctlli'iacnt ol' a (jiU'stioii wliii" had lor
rii.'TrcMr.v..r oiirhl voars ln'cii a troiibn'soint'

Wll-lllllUlMIl llll-lil ' , ' 1 1111 111

I..KI.I inn ..I ill.' (iiic to lii'i' and had almost led

''itill'lipiM '111..,

i.">'n.in.' I. her iiiti) war with Iho I iiitcd

Stall's, and lliat it was duo to the arlioii of llic

Canadian .Ministry tiial tiioso n('i>'otiatioiis won?

in.siilnicd wiii' li vi'sultcd in ihi' Treaty ol' Wasli-

inyloji 111 1871, and the I'stnhlislutiuiiL ol' tlic

I i)rt'(;('d<'in ol'sftiiin^i' l>y Arhitratiou such inipor-

I Unit niatlcr.s as the " Alabama'' claims, and other

(|Uc.'-ii(ins hciwccn the two Nations w'liich the

j diplomalisis ol' ihe two countries had Jound it

, impo' .1 ill' Io saiislactorily arrange al'ler years

ol' VI iui! uious corn'-))"iidence nn tlu,' subjecis,

and ihe oj>cnini^ and ; njakine >,n ol' many
lu'iiotiatious. Ol' course, wc do ii'it wa\ that
the idea ol' submittiv ;■ the NcitlcTrninit "I" the
"Alabama" claims, to a bo rd "!' .'• vl)i'raiors
oriiiinated with the Cinadian (lovei:,.:neni —

: that honor belongs to Mr. Charles Francis

' A<lams, United States Minister to Great Brilaiii.
by whom it was lirst mooted; but the proposal

' was luit then entertained l)y the Kii^lisli

, iJoveriiment, and it was only after the Canadian
(iovejrnment had su^'uested to the ibiiisii
(ioveriiinent that the iiuestions at issue 1 .'tween

i Canada and the United States — the l-'isheries

I and the indemnity lor Fenian Itaids — should be |
sul)mitted to .Vrbitration, thai the idea (;1
submittinii' all the (uiestions at issue; between i
the two countries, including' the '• Alal)ania " j
claims, was renewed, and that action lolloAvd

; which led to the Treaty ol' Washnmion and I
the various Commissions incident to that

I treaty, for the settlement of the dili'erent '
outstaudiii!^ diU't'reuees between the two
Governments. I'erhaps it Wnuld have
been more advantatfcous to t'.in ida if the
(jucstioiis which alieclec' Itupciial intercvt.s
could have been kept distinct from those which

I were of Colonial interest only, and the subject
of the de{>redations of Southern cruisers, in
v\hi( h Camxda had no share er p.iil, nol uiixcd
up with the l'"enian K'aidt ciidnis and liic
riuht of Canada to her own li.shciies; but, as an
integral part ol the Empire we had. of course,
ail iniercst in all that all'ected the ICmpire at

I li'.iv' liul if our individual interest s'llfcied a

littl. • had to con.sole ourselves witii ilic

reliection that it was for the general peace and

Wi'll being of the whole Empire at large.

2. — Tile loiitinued encroachments o|' I iiili'd

States lishcrmen into Canadian waters, and the

open encouragement given to

... I'll ■! i I ji 1 """■ ■^'i'' e.uiipiii'iiv

I'eiiian tillil)Usters by the people, niisM.in i.i Kimiin.i

if not by the (iovernmenl of the

United States^ had cau.sed so much ill-l'eelini;

and dissatisfaction in Canada that tiiedoveni-

meiit felt that it was nece.ssary that a strong

ellbrt should be made to have these questions

delinitely and satisfactorily settled. Accordingly,

f!i)\'Ki;N.MKNT ()!•' LORD MSriAI?— TIIH WASIIINTITON TIIHATY.

:;i:!

on the lull of Jiiiit', 187'>. iiii Oicloi-iii-Couiicil
was adopted to the etti'ft that it was cxiitdi. i.
that a inciiihiM- of the Priv; ('ouiicil should
proiet'd to Enj^laud and have a persoi'd iiitcr-
viow with im'ml)L'rs of llcv Maj(>sty <.iov»*rn-
mi'iit on " Iht- proposed withdrawal of Iinpcrial
troops from Cauiula ; tlic ([Urslioii of forlilii'a-
tions; the rciont invasion of Canadian Territory
by citizens of the United States, and the previous ;
liirealsandhitslilc preparations which ('onipelled
the (covernint.'nt to call out ihe Militia, and to
obtain the consent of I'ariianient to the suspen-
sion of th(> Habeas Corpus Ail ; the systematie
trespasses on Canadian iishinn' liiounds l>v
United States lishernien, and the unsettled
(jiiestiou as to the limits within which foreigners
can iish under the Treaty of 1>S1S."* J{y the
same order the lion. Alexander Cainpbeji, Post-
niaster-Creneral, was appointed as tlie nuMnher
of the I'rivy Couiiiil to consult witli Her
Majesty's Ministers, and he sailed for Knyland
shortly after. Owing to the death of Lord
Claroudou, and ihe eon.se(iuenl appointment of
the Earl of Kimberley to the Colonial Secretary-
ship, there was some little delay in Hon. Ivlr.
CampbeU's completing his mission, and it was
not until the end of July that he succeeded in
arriving at an understandiny- with the Colonial
Secretary on the dill'ercnt subjects biought
under his notice What his understanding was
will be best arrived at by (piotiuii' from the
report of the Hon. Mr. Campbell to Sir John
Young, under date 10th Septeml)cr, 187i>, and
from Lord Kimberluy's dispatch, under date 27th
July, 1S70, taking the four sul)je( ts, Fenian
raids; Withdrawal of the trooi)s ; Fisheries, and
Fortilications, as dealt with in Hon. Mr.
Campludl's report.

;i. — On the question of indemnity for l''enian

invasions. Hon. Mr. Campbell urued the amount

of loss, trouble and expense to

linn. Ml. (■.iinplicll''' 1 ■ 1 /. 1 111'

ri'iHiri. I'hu iiiiiiiii wliich Canada iiatl lor nuinv

years been ;>ul l)y the ''eiuan

marauders, " ihat th( se mt n were American

citizens, manv of Ihcin not even Irish bv descent ;

• l')\tnii'l Irorn II llrpnil nf ii ('iniiiiiilli'iMir llii' I'riv v CiMiiii-il/iih .luiir,
187(1.

that they were enlistei; arn.e.l, and d'ii!. d in '
til-' laru'e cities of Ihe L'nion. u^ de" .he o -dor- j
of a Fenian Congress and Execiitive a.^.uuiing
the pretentions of a (lovernment, the ^'.ilhng
occasionally even lakiim' place in com) )iy '\ ith
Militia Corps, under oliicers beiiev'-' to hold
commissions under the Ooveriim --l oj" (he
United Slates, the United Stales joui :; Is .f' the
day <4'iving the luUest publicity to ev 'lyihiii'.;
which was being dom>." He then dwelt at
some leiiiith on the raid of 18(It!, and the claim
for indemnity made by Messrs. Mac<lonald and
Cartier on that account ; on the raid of 1S7(»,
and the constant state of excitement in which
the country had been kept, and the expense to
which it had been put. and concluded as follows :
'• We thought a very stronu' ca.se nuLiht be niaile
out for a demand forindemnily from the United
States. ^le.ssrs. Cartier and ^lacdonald had
aski'tl that such a demand shomd be made w iih
reference to Ihe loss sustaineil in l^tlii, and we
considereil that we wereenlil led to ask for indem-
nity in reference to all the expenditure that had
been since caused to us by the Fenians. Failinu'
the obtaining ol' such an indeninily from the
United States, wf thought the l^npiie should
join with Canada in meeting the losses; the
I'enian diiliculties were not of our c ■ aiiii^', ItuI,
grew out o!' real or imaginary wrongs that the
i I'hnpire had in the past inlliil"don Ireland, and
we wev(> liuhting bat.Ic^ wliic'i were not
I ours but those of ihe Finpi \V" were (|uito

ready as a portion of •■ i.n'piic to bear our
I share of the.se or any * ■ r lronl)le.-, in which
, the country niiLiht be invul -ed, i.nl it was not
fair that we should be allowed •(> huli'er alone
j for all the losses ana onscineaces of the
Impel . il Acts or policy w 1 ch were comi)lained
of, and I stroinrly urged that I- r the past and
I the future, should anj further Fenian l roubles
I arise, the I'ilmpire, as a whole, should bear the
, burden of resisting such attacks, and that Canada
[ sliould only contribute as a portion of Ihe
Empire. " In his despatch to Sir John Young,
Lord Kimberley says on tins iicad ; "Her
Majesty's Oovernmeiit have carefully considered
what steps it would be advisable to take in this

■'' i'\

I'i

\u-

!|i|i' .8

y^^i^'l

:n»

TI'TTLI'/S HISTORY '>;•' 'ri||.: Do.MlXK )\ ol" (.'AXAhA.

-Ill

111

' t;

!i Ji

:r.!':! i:

,ii| ii.i

mattcM-, ;iihI I Ikivo to adv iisi' you thai lln'v ;irf
of opinion thiit ii\ tlu; lii'.sl iustaiioc your
MiiUMors should draw up a lull and aulht'Ulii'
slatemont ol' thi' I'aits and ol" tin- claims \vhiih
thoy lound upon tlu-ni. This stateracnt should
bo trausniiiti'd ])y you to llor Majesty's (iovrn-
mi'ut. in order that it may t)e laid by them
before the (iovernment of the I'nited States,
and I need sraroely say that whilst it should
contain everything which is material to the case,
it should 1)0 a document of such a character, as
may proj^erly be communicated to the Grovern-
ment of a State with whi<h Her Majesty is on
terms of amity" Nothing is said in this despatch
about the claim set up by Hon. Mr. Campbell
that, failinu- redress from the United States, the
whole Empire should become liable lor tho
Fenian losses and not Canada alono ; but in his
report ilon. Mr. Campbell says that llisl.ordship
l>romised "he would consider it himself ami
obtain early consideration of ii by his coUcaiiiios,
lottinii' the Canadian Covernr.iont kiu)w^ wluit
'.iow was tak>'n.'

4. — It is not necessary toilwell on tho subjei t
of the withdrawal of tl • tvoojis. whii'h has been
iinn.M,- c„m,.hcirs "li'^^dy dealt with (Chapter xvii :

ro|,..rt.rh.lVlu,,.>. p,,j._ ,;j^ ,,oj. ^^.j,!^ (li.. J^ouU for

Fortilicatious. the A<'i ^iUarantoeiny which was
passed by the Impeiial I'.n'liameut : we will
therefore, prod'od to the only other (|uestion
lion. Mr. Campbell had lo deal with, namely, the
lisheries. lion. Mr. Campbell in his report says
on this head: -I urged upon Lord Kinilverley,
th(> great importance to Canada of the lisheries.
which employed a large uum!)er of seamen,
and had ma)iy olhileral pursuits ami industries
depciulent upon them Wv possessed the whole
of the herrinii' and mackerol lisheries on the
western side of the Allaniic. the Americans
havinu' no in-shore fisheries of any areat value.
This possession wa.' oi the hi-t importance to
us, and we felt excee»!!n,!y auxifU'.- that it should
be maintained in acec'danc with featy rights.
Induced by a strong .sense of tlio ret.ponsibility
involved in tho matter, and oat of dctereu'^e to
Imperial views, we had jnoposed, in 18t',.",, the
License System; we had given every possible

opeiiiiui' in this direction, at a sucrilice of om-

immediate interests in ordei- that our alfairs

might not teiul to endanger the peace of the

lunpire. This system had been continued to th.'

present year, and we were satislied that no ad-

vant;igeous results would be obtained from il.

Lord Kiml)erley admitted that the time had conii'

when Canadians might reitsonal)ly expect ihat

the stale of thiims anterior to the Recipro. iiy

Treaty should be r.'vcrted to. or that some other

delinite arrangement with the Americans, on this

subject, shoulil bo arrived at. lie added tliiit he

was glad that 1 had not mixed upthotwo (pie^.

tions of Reciprocity and the fisheries, l»ecau>e

he saw no reason to ex[)ec| a renewal ol' that

' trinity; he aureeil, he said, that tlie Fisherii's

(juestion should t)0 treated by itself. [ said that

' w'o in Canada had arrived at similar conclu-sioiis.

The jiolicy of coiiiiliation had been I'lUly trii'd.

and we ceased to expect anything from the

Americans from it. Wt; thouiilit the only course

now open to us was to ask the Imperial (loxeiii-

meut to fall back upon the rights which we

,, enjoyed and maintained anterior to the IJeci-

I procily Treaty, and 1 was directed to re(|iii>|

this at the hands of the Government. Loiil

Kim})erley said there miiiht be some <lill'ereMco

' with r -^ard to the interpretation of the Treaty as

I to l?ays. I replied that we thought it clear \ipoii

that iHiint, but that the su-juestion made by Mr.

Adams, in IsiUl. and adopted by ].,ord Clarendon,

' to have a joint commission to settle on the

1; around the line within whic h, under tiie

Treaty, exclusive lishing was to be enjoyed

would be a satisfactory mode, as Tar as the

I Canadian CJovorn men t w as concerne<l, of disiios-

ing of any difficulty which miiiht exist as to

l!u' interpreting of the Tn^aty as regards Hays;

but I urged that should a Commission bo

appointed a repn>sentativo from Canada should

be upon it, and that its sittings shrndd be held

in Ameriia, and if i)ossible in Ottawa or Halifax."

Lord Kimberley, in his dispatch says: -'On this

l^oint (the imjtection of Canadian lisheries) 1

concur with your Mini ters, that it wnuld lie

' desirable that the questions whi(di have been so

M long ni disi)ute will; the Inited States, as to

th.

ri-h

shot

Coll

app

Tho

fn.,,.
.loiiii
('"iiiiii

SMIi'

>tat
app'

CoVKIJXMKNT Ol" I,(»ni> LISCA I!-T1IH WASIHN'dTON' TItKATY

;!15

' the fft'Oiiraphiciil limits ol' llii' cxclnsivt' lisliinu'
riiihl.s of Ciiiiiula uiulov tin- Trciily <'!' ISls,
should he soil led by ;i joint J'.rilish iiiid Aiti('ri(!;ui
C'omiuissioii on which tho Domiiiioii should be
rcprt'scnlod. llor Mnjivsiy's (io\ ciinuriit will
l)VopoM' to I lie I'liiicd Shiti's Goxcnuiit'ut the
ai>poiiituii'iil ol' such a Couunissioii. "

;■).— On tlu' 2Glh nl .liuuuuy. iSTl.Sir lulward
Thornton, British Minister at Washinuton, by
i'ri.|i,.-iii t.i.ii iiii.i diriH'tioii ol' Ivu'l (Irauvillt'.

■ Iniut HiltU , , , . I 1 T

Ciiitiiiiij'i.inii auric'i addrcsscil a loitor ti> the IIdu.

Ill \i\ ilie I'liilfd

*"""'"• llaniulon 1" ish. Sccn'tary ol'

Stall" ol' the I'liilfd Slates, proposiiiu' the
appoinlmeiil oi' a Joint Iliuli Commission, to
hold its sessions at \\ a>hiiiL;'ton. to •'treat ol
and di.scuss the mode ol' settlinu- the dillereiil
qiu'stioiis which have arisen out of the Fish- r
erics, as well as all those which ail'oct the '
relations of the United .States towards Her
Majesty's Possessions in North America." Mr.
Fish replied, under dale rjuth January, ISTl,
that the rresideiit approved of the proposal to
appoint a Joint lliuh C'ominis.sion on the Fish-
eri(>s ipiestion ; but wa-« of opinion "tiiiil the
removal of liie dill'eiem-es which arose durinii'
the rebellion in the Inited States, and which
lia\e existed since I lieu, n'rowins"- out of the
acts committed by the several armed vessels
which Iiave 'iiven ri.se to the claims eenorally
known as the -Alabama t'lainis,' will also
be essential to the resioratioii of cordial and
amicable relations between the two Govern-
ments." and, iheiefore, proposed -'that this
sulijeet also may be Heated of by the proposed ,
Hig-h Commission." This proposition was at
once teleurai)he(l to iiOrd (iraiiville; and Sir
Edward Thornton advised Mr Fish, iimler
date 1st February, tiiat he had lieeii instriKled
toaicept tile proposal " provided that all other
claims, both of Ijriiish sid)jects and citizens of
the United States, arisinu" out of acts committed
dnriiiii' the recent civil war in this country, are
similarly referred to the same Commission,"
Mr. Fish, under date -'Ird February, acceded to
tlii> "if there be other and fnriher . lainis," and
ihe preliminary proposals beiny ilms made and
u<;reed to, both sides proci'cded lo appoint I

Commissioners at (nice, so that no time might
be lost in the meetina," of Ihe Commi.ssiom'rs and
the commencement of their labors.

(i. — We have traced the. early steps of the
neuoliatioiis with rel'erenct' to the appointment
of a Joint Hi-ih Commission

, 11-1 ""' l'i'"l"'«al ipI'ii

somewhat at lenii'tn m order to coMllni.■i^'iml wfii

... icceiviil ill Caiiaila.

show that althouu'ii the initia-
tive was taken by Canada, still the United
States Government wa-i not slow lo acce|)t the
proposal, but took advantage of the oiler to
surliest that the sco))!- of the Commission
should be so enlar<^ed that a (jiiestion of vital
Imperial interest should be introduced, and,
therefore, take precedence of tin; one of almost
purely Colonial inteiiest ; and tlie IJritish
Government was, also, very williiu;' that all
" liendinu' <|ucstions between this country and
the Fnited States "* should be submitted to tjie
Commissioners, as by mixiim' all the " pendinc;'
(juestioiis " up together a settlement of the
•'Alabama Claims" mi!>-lit be arrived at — a
consummation which it did not appear at ail
likely would ever be reaehed as long as they
were considered l»y theinselves only. In other
words, both (ireat Hritarn and the United
States were very willing' that the l\,o tpiestions
of the l-"isiieries and the Alaliama claims should
be considered loeether. so that one may ser\e.
as it were, as an ollset to the other, ami two
troublesome (juestions settled at once — e\ cii if
it was somewhat at the expense of Canada.
The proposal ol ihe ;ip|ioinlmeiii of a Joint
lliuh Commission was Lieiieially well leeeived
throuii^hout Canada, for it was supposed thai n//
(|Ueslions at issue between Canada and the
Inited States would be submitted, and that the
Fenian claims would be considered as well as
the l"'isheries and other (juestions ; but it will
presently be .seen that, altiiough the proposition
of Sir I'Alward Thornton was for a Commission
to -'discuss the mode of sell ling the dill'erent
(luestions which have arisen out ol the Fish-
eries, as well as (/// Hiose whieh allect the
relations of the United States towards Her

K.ul leamillu's ili.'^|..ilih to sir Ivlwarl I'liuriilnn, -.inl I'rliriiar.v .

IHTI.

:;i(;

TITTLHS IIISTOKV Ol' TllH DOMINION OF CANADA.

!! !^ii

! i

' ill

M.'c|jtii:..r 111.-

''..|nnii->inlirrs ;

WiisLiiiLloii JTili
Kcliru.iry. 1-71.

Majesty's !'<>.-, ossions in North America," tlu'
Iliiiti'd Stiitcs Cummissioiic, Icciiiu-rl to admit
till- (luostioii (lithe F'-nian raids ilaiii's, ami the
British (.'(nninisssioiiers yiehlecl to the olijectioii,
7. — The Commissioners on })e!iair of the
United Slati's were appointed 1)y „he President,
under date 10th February, and 'l
those on ])ehall' oi' Great liritain '
under date Idth. idem., and on
both sides tlu; appointees were u'entlemen ol'
approved and aeUnowledged ability and hii^h
standinu' in their respective countries. The
American Ccmimi.ssioners were Messrs. llamillon
Kish. Secretary ol' State ; liobevt C. Schenck.
United States Minister to Oreat Britain ; Sammd
Nelson, l"di:i> ol the U. S. Supreme Court ;
Kx-.Tudize E. K. Hoar of M.assachusetts, and
GeorLie H. Williams, of Oregon. On l)ehalf of
Groat Britain the Commissi mors were, Karl de
Grey and K'ipon, President ol' the I'rivy Council ;
Sir Stall'ord Nnrthcoto, M.l'. ; Sir Edward
Thornton, British Minister at Washinu'ton ;
Sir John A. Macdonald, Premier of Canada:
and liernard Montague, j'^scp, Professor of
Internatiuiiiil Law. in the University of Oxford.
Lord Tenterden acted as Secretary to the British
Commissioners, and Mr. J. C. Bancroft Davis, to
the .\meiicaii. The first meeting was held
on the 2Tlh I'obruary. and th(> Commission
adjourned from time to time, having thirty-seven
sittings altogether, until the eighth of May,
wl'.eu the Treaty of Washington was signed.
With that portion o,' the meetings, and of the
Treaty, which refer to the se'tloment of the
Alabama chiims we do not pioi)ose to deal,
conluiin-i ourselves to those article'^ of the Treaty
which refer to Canada, and the discussions which
arose on them, drawing our information fro:n the
protocols of the conferences drawn uji by Lord
Teuteidon and Mr. J. C. Bancroft Davis, wiio
Were apjiointcd Joint Prolocolists.* Of course,

• \Vc uiSK liel..\v .Aitiil.'? W til :i.i 111 tho Trciily, licinif tljii.''o wliiih
rt'l.'iK' iii'ire I'.iriii'iijarb' liiCiniiidn ;

IIIK I ISlll IllKS.

Ainiiii .Will. — ll iMii-'Ti'i'il liy thi' lliwli Cdnlrndinn I'm-iii'- lliiit. in
iiilililidn 111 lliu lilii'i'ly -I'ciircil to llu' I nitril Sliilus" lislii' riiioii liy llii'
Ciiiivi'iiti'iii iii'twi'L'ii lirciil liiiliiin nml llic Initi'il Sljilrc, ciKiii'il ul
liiiniliin nil till' 2l>ih iliiy uf lli'lulior. I'^IS, nf takiiii;, I'liriim, .iml 'Irviiiu
ll.ili 1111 iirliiiii I'liii.-t." Ill' tliL' llritisli Xiirth Aiuuilwiii Culnnie..^ tlu'ivin

the meetings of the Commissioners were private,
and the result was only nnule known aflcr the
terms of the Treaty were aareed to.

8. — The Joint iliuh Commission commenced
the consideration of ihe F'isheries (pu^stion on the
lith of March, when the British iii,. Aniiii.iin

,, . . 1 il i C.iiMlni-^iiiiiiTS

( ommissioners announceil tluvt ih. iiint..Mici'|.i

. , lii'i'i|iriii-ily !i!i :i

tiiey were jirepared to dtscixss iniiiKi'iniii-iiiiiiiiiiniii'.
tile (juestion of the I'isheries, either in detail or
li'enerally, so as cither to enter into an examina-
tion of the respective rights ol' the two
countries under the Treaty of IS18. and the
Liencral law of nations, or to come at once to

ililiiii'il, Ihi' iiili;iliiMiil.< 111' Ihi' Iii'iIimI SImick -Iwll liiiM'.iii iiimn willi

till' .<iili'fi.|.^ 1.1' llvr llriliiiiir .\liiii'.-ty. 111.' lib.Tly. I'.ir llic l.Tiii ..I ywirf
mciiliiiii.'il ill .Vrtii'li' .\.\.\lll nl' thii' Tmily. In hike li-li nl i'mtv kiml.
i"MC|i( -lii'll li-li. nil 111.' M'li-.Miii.iis mid .ilmri's. mill in ill.' Iliiy.-. lliirhiir>

mulCll'cks nl' till' rinVilM'.'.- Ill l.llllllf.'. N'nVll S.'nliuMlliI .Nl'H lilUllMVi.'k.

mill 111.. Cnlniiy III I'riiii-.' Kihviiril l.-lmnl. mi.l nl' tin' .-.'V.'riil i.-himl?
Ilnri-iiiitn iiiljiii .'lit. Hiiliniit ii.'iiii.' r.'slri.'ti'il I. y ilialiiii..' Iinin tlii>

Shnr.', Hilll |ilTllli--lnli tn 1 1 ll| itll' Hliil .'.liist* llllll ."llnr."' lll'l

ishin.li. mill Mlsniiiinii 111.. .\ri.'i|;ili'n Islmiils Inr I' .' |iiir|in-o nl ilryinu
tin ir ii.'l- mill I'liriiiu lli.ir li^li ; |i|in iil.'il liiiil. in ,.<n ilniiiB. iti.'y iln ii.it
int. rf.r.' Willi the riirlits nf i.rivuti' |>r.i|'.rly. .ir with Hiilii.!) li.-lnnnoM.
Ill tlii; iieiicdiblo ii.iu nl' uiiy imrt nl' III.' siii.l tniii'l..' in tli.'ir ...•.■iiji.ini'v fur
111.' ^llllll' |iiir|i.«'i'. ri is iiiiilcr^tnn.l lliiil llii' iilmv. ■iiH'iilinni'.l liluTty

:ilililii- snii'ly In 111.' <i',i li.-'lu'ry. mi.l tlmt tin- siiliii ml uliinl li'lii'rici'.

mill nil nth.T li-liuiii'S ill riv.T^ nml tlir iiiniiih.. ..f rivors, ari' liiTcliy
ii'>.'r\ .'ll i-.\ilii-iv.'ly I'nr lii ili-li li'lii'iiii.n.
AiiiniK .\l.\ —It i> iii-Mi-'i' 1 liy til.' Iliu'li Cniitn.^timr I'lirlicn ihiit

lirilifli .-uliju'ts ."hull hiive. in iinnn with tin' .'iii'i.iis nl' iho Inili'il

Siiil.'K. til.' lili.Tty, I'nr tliclcnnnr yenri iii.'iilinneil in Arlii'li; .W.XIU j
111' thi- 'I'n'iity. Inii.ki'li.'^h nl' .•; .'ry kiml, .'X.'.'iil kIu-II lirih. mi ill.' KnstiTii
■<t'a i-n.i.ils ami i.|in!i'> nf the IniK'il Stati'.- nnrili nf the lliirlviiintli :
piiriillcl nf nnith Imitiiili'. miil nii lln- ."liiir.is .if tho scv.'ral i-laml- thi'r.' '
iiiiin.i.lja.'cnl. mill in thi- Hay-, ll.irhnr" im.l Crocks ..f tin' -ai.l .-.'ii .'.la."!* j,
ami sh.ir.'< nf ih.' I'nilu.l Stat.'.', anil nf 111.' .'.aiil islamls, Hithmit lieinn jj
rcstrictiil In any iliytan.'.- frmii tho .-hnr.', "ith |t.'nlliI'^i.•ll In laiiil iiimn '.
till' -aiil ii.a-ts nl 111,' liiii.il .<lal." ami nf ill.' i-laml.- alnrcsai'l, Inr ihi' ;
imnini-.' .if ihyinf tlu'ir m't.< aii.l .iiriiii; ihi'irli-h; prnviili'il that, in.-'
ilniiii!. liny lln lint iiilnrlur.' with th.' riglil- nl inivalo pmin'rly. nr with
thi' li-h.rm.'ii nf lli.' I nit. '.I Siaic-. in thf ii.'a.'i'il.k' use nl any imri "I
th.'-saiil .'iiast- ii. Ilii'irni'rii|.aii.'y f.ir the same imriinst!. ll is nml.'i-lnn.l
that 1I16 almyi'-nii'iilinin'il lilnTly njii.li.'.s snlcly l.<lliescii li-hory, ami that :

>al 11 ami shail fHh.rics, .ml all nih.'r lisli.'ri.'s in riiiTs ami imiiillis .if

riv.'i- art! hoi.'liy r.'Si'rv.il I'Xilii-ivoly fur li-liiTiiien if th.' I nit. "I Sliit.'s.

.\uin i.K .\.\.-ll i- atT.'.'il t lal tlii^ i.laii'.- il.'.-iirnai.'il hy llu- Cmiiiiii-

siniii'i- a|i|i»iiit('i| iimliTiiie lii-i Arli.'li' nf 'In' Tri'iity liulwi'm lir.'iii

liriimii 1 Ihi' Inii.il Slati'-, ii.iii'Imliil at \Va-.hiin:tnii m ihi'-'illml

.llllll', I'^M. U|.nii till' I'l.asis nf II. T llrilaniiii' .Ma.ii'-lyV llniiiiiii.-'i!> ami
till' I'liitiil Slat. 's as |ihii'i's r.'s.r\.'il finiii Ihi' I'nmninii riirht nf lishiiiir
iiinlii- that Tn-aty, -hall In; rofc-inhil ir- in liki' nianiii'r lum'rM'il Irniii tin'
.".iiiimni 1 ialit nf lishiiin iimli r tin' iir.'.'o.linj-' Arlii'lfs. In la.-i' any iiui's-

li Inmlil ari.ii' lii'iwei'ii the linierninenls nl Her Urilaiinii' .Majesty ami

nf ih.' I'liil.'il Stale- a- tn the iiiinninii riulit nf lishini.' in jilaees mil ilm-
ilesik'iialeil 11.S reserveil, it is aureetl llnil ii Cnniinissinii -hall lie ii|i|i"ii.tiil
In ilesiuiiate siieh plaees, ami ^hall he eniisliliitcd in the -nine nianmT'
,iml haie the same pi.n'ers, iliities, anil aiillmrily as the Cniiiinisinii
aiipniiileil miller the saiil first .\rtielo nf the Treaty nf the ''th nf ,liiiie,
W>\.

Ainii I.K \\1. — ll is airri'Cil lliat. fiir the term nf yo.irs ineiitinn>iil in
Aiti.lii .X.S.Mll nf this freaiy, lish-nil ami llsh nf .ill kimls (exeept fish
111 Ihe ii.laml lakes ami .i| the rivers falliiiK inln lliein, ami ese.'iil llsh

pr.'serv.'il in nili, lieiiiKlhe prn.liiee nl the lishories nf tho liniiiini il

Canaila.nr nf Ihiiiee Kilwanl l-laiel. nr .if the I iiileil Stales, shall he
ailniilleil intn oaili eoiinliy . respectively, free nf iliity.

U-.-n=.

(iOVKIJXMKNT OK I.OIM) I,lS(iAI! TIIK WASIILMiTON TlillA'I'V.

a scttlomt'iit ol' the (|Ui'sti()U on a IjidihI aiul

coinprohciisivo basis. Tlic Aiuciieaii Coinmis-

sioiii'is thouifht that it iniiihl save tiuu' and

I prevent useless distussion if il wiis lirst stated

I what basis would be satisfac tory td the ISritish

Coiniiiissioiii'is, il' siv ji a .ourse should be

adopted in incleii-nre to discussiim' the respei t-

] ive riahts ol' both nations imdev the Treaty ol'

I 181S. To tljis the Uriti.-h Commissioners re-

' plied, that they ihonyiit the (juesiion may be

fairly lonsidercd on the basis ol' a renewal ol'

rilMI'K\>\TJn\ |(1PI I ISIIKFIIi 1.

Ahtict.k XXII.— Inil^llm^■ll US il i-^ iii-scrliMl li.v tin ii.i\ iTiiiiiciil of llcr
Itriluiiiiir M:i.io-lv lliMt tlie piivilc!iri'~ iui'ciiili'cl in tln' rilizciis cif lliu
I'liilcMl Siiili>:> iihcliT Arliilc will "f 'hi' 'I'rciil.v uri' ol' icrviiii'r viiliic
lliiiii Iho-i' Mi'i-orili-.i li.v Ariicii- Xl.\ iiinl .\.M ol ilii" Tmiiy lo ilic
Kiilije''!' "I Hit liiitiiiiiiir .\l.iic4|y,iiii'l ihi^ ii^-oriiMii i> not M<liiLillr<l My

tllV liovcl'llllli'llt ol lllc I hiloil SiMto: il ir' lllIllllT Ill-Tci'il tllMl ColllMlis-

"ioiirrs sliiill 111' iipi^iihloil II. 'kliriuinc, iKiviijn ri'i-Mril lo llic iiriuk't'L'."
iiwor.liil l.y llio liiitc-.l Siiili's lo ihc ,iil,.ii.i-i- ol' Her liriliiiiiii.- .Miiii'^iy,
:l> ctiitc'cl in .\rliili'- \l.\ uiiil.X.M of tlii< Trraty. llie iinioiiiil "I iiiiy
c'oiiipciisiilioii wliii-h, ill thi'ir o|oiiinn, oiiirlit lo Ik- puiil liy the lioxeni-
iiifliil ot Ihi' IimUmI .<l;(l*'' lo the (lovi'minonl of Her I'riliiiiDic Muji'st.x'
in roMirii lor the |irivileKe> lici'or'lcd lo the i'iti/.i*i;> of the I'liiipil Stiili*>

Uii'li'i- .\rlirlc .Will of this Tri'Uiy : mihI tliiil any sciin of i uy wliiih

Ihi' -iii'l Coininis-ioni'i-s niuy i., MWMrcl shiill ho puiil liy thi' I nitcil Sliitos
liovcriiiiM'tit, ill :i tfro-,- .-uin, within twelvi' inoiith!< after .~ueh award
■*lmll h:i\»- hceii ^'i\^*ll.

.Aiiriri.K .\.\ll!. The eoiniiii"ioncis ri'ferreil to in the |ireee>linK
.Arlit'le shall he a|<|>oiritei| in the followiin; manner. Ihal i.s lo say ;~One
Ooinmissioner shall ho natiioil hy llvr Itrilatinie .M i.ii'sty, one hy the I're-
siilenl of the I'niieil States, iiikI M IhinI hy llcr liritannie .Ma.iesiy unci
the I're-idenl of the I'niled States eoii.ioinily : and in e:iso the third
Coiiiuii.^sioner sintll iiol have hee'i so named within a period of three
months from tlie date wlien this .\rliele -hall take etfeet. then the third
Commissioner -h. ill he naim-d l-ythe l!e|<reseiilati\e a' London of His
.\Iiijesl>' the Mmi'i-'or of Austria and Kiiitf of llnmrary. Ine.-iseof ihe
de-!'!:. a!;, i ,M e, Ol iniMparity ol any Commissioner, or in the e\ent of ;iny
Commi.ssioiier omillimr m* eeasiii^ in act. the v;n-;iiie\' shal lie tilled in Ihe
iniinner horeiniielore provided for makimr the original appointment, Ihe
poriocl id three monlhs in ease of siieh siihsiiiiiiion iieim; ealenlaied trom
the date of the happening of the \jieiiney. 'I'lie Commi.ssii)ncrs su
named shall meet in Ihe City of llalifa\, in the I'rovinee of .Nova Seotia,
al llie earliest I'.invcnieiit period after iliey ha\i' heen respeetively

named d .shall, hefore proeeedim; to any loisini... ni.ike and snhserihe

ttsolenin deelar.ilion that llieyHill imparlially and '■.ireliillv examine
and deeide the in iller- releried to them to iheliesi of liii'ir iiidt'inenl.
mid aeeordini.' lojii-iiee an.leiinily ; ami sii.h deela rat ion shall he entered
mi the reeord of their proeeediin-'s. Kaeh of the HIkIi Coniiieiim; I'arlio.s
shall aljo name one person to iillend Ihe Commission ns its aifetil, to
ro|ire.sinl il venerally in all matters eoiinciteil with the Commission.

Aliilii.K X.\l\'.— The proiiM'diiii:sshall I ndiieiedin mieh iirderiislho

Cnininissioiiers appointi-d under Arlieli' .X.Mlaiid .\.\III of this Treiily
.shall ilelerniiiie. Ihey .shall he lioimd loree. ivosii, ii .iral or wrilten les
liniony as either i lovernniciit may present. If either Party .shall oiler oral
textimoiiy, the other I'ariy shall have Ihe ridlil of eross e.xamiiiaiion,
under .--ueh iiiles as the CMinmissioMer.- .-hall presi-rihe. If in the ease
''Uhnillled 111 the Coniiiiissioner.s either I'ariy shall have speeilied or
ttllmled to any reporl or doinmeiil in its o«n e\eln-ive posse.ssion, with-
out anncxiiiB n eopy, siioli I'ariy shall he huiind, if Ihe other I'ariy thirik.i
linipur to apply for it. In furnish that parly with a eopy thereof; ami
either piirty may eall upon the other, IhrouKh the Commissioners, lo
prndiiee Ihe originals or I'erlified eiiiiies ol any piiper.s addiieed as
Bvideme. uiiini! in eaili iiislaoee smdi reasoiiahle iioliee as llio I'oniinis-
flnni r- may leipiire. The ease on either side -h.iil he elosed within a
ticriial of six monlhx from the dale of IheorKani/.ationof IheCoininiiision,
illid the Ciiiuimsiiiuneni shall be rc'inesled In xivu their uward ui< .sunn tu"

the l\eriprority Treaty ol' l.S.")4. On the
American ('onnnissioners positively declining' to
acc<'pt the lieciprocity Treaty of 1S.')4, as a basis
for negdtiatioiis, the British Commissioners
sni'iiested that, il any coiisideialile modilicntion
were made in the Tanlf airanLU'iiieiits of that
Treaty, the coastiiii;' Irade of the Dominion and
the Uniletl .Stales should be reciprocally thrown
open, and also the naviiialion of the St.
Lawrence and the use of Canadian canals.
The American Commissioners ol)jected to this

pos-ihle Ihoreafter. The aloresaid
for three monlhs ineasuofa Mieitn

•riod oi -i\ monlh- may ho eMendod
o.-eiirriii:: amonif the Commissioner!"
nil ler the eireiiin-laiiees eonteiupi.ited 111 .\rliele .\.\lll of this Trealy.

Aurni.K \.\V.— The Commissioners shall keep an aeonrale rejord ami
eorreot minutes or notes ol all their proeeediiifrs. wiili ilie dates thereof,
and may appoint and emploj- a Secretary .in I any other neee-sary ■)lliOer
or ollieers to assist iliein in the Iraii-aetion of the luisiness wliieh may
eoino hefire lliem. K leli ol lue IIikIi Conlr.ietinx I'.irli.'s shall pay itn
own t-oninii.-sioiier and .\Kenl or t'oiiLset: all other e.\pcu-es shall he
defra.\ed h> the two liovernmeiils in eMUal moietieis.
.\\vn,.\rio\ in ihk .>i. hwukm k.

Aurtii.K .X.Wt.— The navination of Ihe River St. Lawrence. ascendiiiK
and deseendiiiif' from 'lie torty-liflh parallid of north hiiiiude, where il
ceases lo lorin the hi uiidar>' helweeii the two countries, trom, to, and into
the .sea, shell for ever remain free and open for the i.iirposes of commerce
to till-' citizens of the I nited Slate-, nuti.iecl to .iny law- and rm.'nlat O'li-
ot (ireat liritaiii, or of the liominion of Canada, noi ineon-isicnt with
such privileu'e of tree iniviicition. The iiaviKation of tiic Kivers \ iikon,
I'nrcnpine, and .'-Itkiiie, aseendiiiK and desceiihini; from, to, and into the
nea, shall for ever remain free and open for the purposes of commerce to
the .suhjeefs of Her llritanie .Majesty and to tlio citizemi of the Cniled
States, suhject to any law.s and reuulalions of cither eontitry within its
own territory, not incimsistent with such privileue of free iiaviKiition,

IA.N\OI\N I V.NAl.s \.Mi I. \ Kl .^l h 1111. AN.

Aktiii.k .\WII.— I'hc ilo\ernmeiii of llcr llriiannie .Majesty enifinies
to urire upon the liovernment of the liominion ot C'anada to secure lotlie
I'itizeii-ot the IniledSMIes Ihe use of the Wei land. Si. Uiwrelice, and
other canals in the Iioinmion on terms of euiiality with the inhahitantf
of the liominion, and the liovernment of the Inited Slates eiiKiiKes that
the xulijecis ot Her liritannie .Majc.<ty shall enjoy the use of the St. Clair
I'lats Canal on the terms of e'luality with the iuhahilanls of the I nited

Slates, and furilier eiiKaues to urue upon the Stale iloverni U toseciire

to the sniijecis of Her liiitannie .Majesty the use of ihe several Slate

canals eonneeled with the me ii:ati 1 the Like- or Kivers triuersed liy

or contitfuous to the hmindary line helween the possessions ot il.c lliitli
Contraciiiin Parties on terms of ei|iialily with the inhaliitanls of ih"
I'niled Stales.

Anrni.K .X.WIII — The iiaviKation of Lake .Michiirau shall also, for Ihe
leriu ol years meniioned ill Article .\.\.XI II of this freiily. In' free and
open fur the puriioscs of commerce to the suhjeels of Her llriiannie
.Majesty, snhjecl In any law- and leKiilations of the I'niti'd Slates i,r of
Ihe Slates horderiin; thereon not ineoiisisiciit with such |iriv ilci:e of tree
na\ iifiition.

rin\sriuir\riii.'> i\ iiono.

Anrni.K .K.\IX.— Il is agreed lh.it. for the term of yeai-s nientioned ill
.Vrlicle .\.\.XIII Id this TriMiy. (foods, wares, or merchandi-e errivin« at
Ihe ports of New York. Boston, and Portlaii'l. and any olljer pons in the
riiited .S[;,|,.- ivliieh have hceii or may Iroiu tinn' lo liiiiu he specially

di'siitnaled hy the President of the (nited Stales, and ilesti I lor tier

llriiannie iMajcst.v's Possessions in .Vorlh .Vincriea, may he oiilered at the
proper Custom-' house and cmveye.l in transit, without the paymenl of
duties, Ihrouuli the territory of the I nitcrl Stales, under sueli nih'S.
leKulations, and eondiiions for tin' pioicction of the revenue as the
ijinernmenl ot the I'niled Slates m.iy from lime In time prescrihe; iini^.

under like rules, reaulal ions, and conditions, ir Is. w.ires. or meielnin-

dise may he coiue.ved in Ir.iiisit. without the p.'i.Muciil ot duties, frni'u

if*

'H %

J u

i'li

\mM

I iis! Illi

.•IIS

'ITTTI.IIS IIISTOI.'V (H'Tlli: lioMl.MoN t )F (ANA DA.

proposal, an<I di'i liiu'd to i'iilt'it;iiii tin- (luosiion
ol' RiMipnicity :il all, clainiiim' that it had provi'd
hiiihly uiisalisi'aitoiy to Ihc people o| the I'nited
States, and eiiiise(jueiilly the Treaty had l)eeii
leniiiiialeil, ;md they did Hot Ihiiik that ils
n'liewal wiiiiid he to the interest of the people
ol' tin- 1 niied States, nor in aeeordam e with
tliei^' \vi>hes. (hi the (|Uesiiou> of the nuv ina-
tioii ol' the St. I,a\\ leiiee and I he iisi' ol' ( 'anadian
eaiials they prei'erred not to mix them up with
the Fisheiies ipie>tii)ii. hut to deal with them and
and other eomnieiciai <pieslions sejiarately. Al
this point the neo()tialion> on ihiN suhjtM.'l resti-d
for a lew days, the British Comndssioners
nnikinii' no riirlher siiijL>-eslion, and stil! Iteinii'
anxious to aceoniplish a settlement on a t)asisor
lie iproeity, il' pos.sihle.

SCI.'h l'.i,i,.i-,-i..M^ lilli'll^'li llir IrllilMry i.f 111.' I hili-.l SfMli- Inr 1v\|.m1I

Inmi llif siiiil iicirl^ iil'llif CriiCi'.l Sial. -. |i i.- rnrllii-r.iitn-i-i| tlmi tun lie
tiki' |i>'ri'"l K'KxIy, Willi'-, nr iMi'i'i'liah'li-i' arriviiiir iil any iil lln' |iimI.« iil

lloi lirilaiiiiir Maji-lv'^ I'n-i'.-'iiins in .\..i-(li AnuTii-.i .inil ilr-li I Inr

llir Inili'rl Sliilr'' may lii' iMiliTnl al the |.i()|m'|' ('ll^lllnl^' Inui-i' iiml
I'iMjvrvuil ill Inilniil, wilhulll tin' |';i.\imlll iif illllit", /llliMli;li llli^ ^aicl
l'ip>-i'--ii.ii:^. llnilci- -ni'll rnlr.< jml ir;:iil.in.in.-. ali'l •■onililinlis tor lllr
|iri)l«-liiiii lit' ll»> ri'MMiiii'. :i- llio iMi\i'riiiiii-iii.. u| till, .-aiil I'li'so.-^iipii.-
iiniy til. Ill liiiii' I" liiiii' i.ir.-i-iil.c : iiiiil iiihIit lilu- riilv>, ri«iiliiliun,-, ainl
I'liniliiiiiii^. i;iiiii|j. Willi'-, iir niiTi iiiiiiili-i' may In' CMuviyi'il in traiisil,
williimt i.ayiiu'iil i.l Jiilii'-. Inim iliv I nili'il Sialr- llinnitli llii' naiil
I'lHiTK-iniiy iiMitlii'i' |i|,ii'i'- in llii' I'liiii'ij Stall'-, I r Inr i'X|...rt Inuii |i"il-
iii 111!' -aiil l'ii-.i'«-iiiii...

.Viiiii'i.i .\.\.\.— Il inanrei'il tlial fnr llii' ti'ini nf y.'ai- moiiliinii-.l in
.Article .\.\.\lll nf thi- liiiitj. siibii'il.- nt Hit liiilaiini.' Miiii-sly
may fany in liritisli M'-.-el.-, wiiliniit iiaymi'ul nl .luty. kkimI.-, wari'.-.
nr mer.-liaii.li-r Ir.im mn' |.nit nr iilai'i' willuii tin' li'rriloiy nl llie
I niliil Stall'.- iiimii Ihu St. l,awri'ni'u. llio (.'ri'al l,iki- ami tin' llivcri'
unniii'iilimr Iho .-.ime, I" iiiinllmr pnit nr plai-i^ willnn llm Irrritnry
nl' Hie liiitej Stales an iilnri-aiil: Pmviileil. tlial a i.nriii.n i.r .-lu-li
lran.«|M.r'.iliip|i i- imi'li' Ihrnuiili llui linmininii nl Cm ulii liy luiiil carriatjo
ami in liunil. uii.ler sik'Ii ruli- ami rennlalinns a.- may br aurreit ii|>n|i
between tlie <in\eniineni nf Her liriiaiini'- M.i.ieso iiinl tli" ilnvcrnmenl
"I the I nil Staten. Ciiizeii- ol the Iniii'.! State- may Inr the like
tierin.l eiirry in I niteil State.-' ve.-.-el-. withniit I'aymenl of iliity. ifooil. ,
ware-, or nien-liamli-e Irmn one f. rl nr i.laee witliiii llie l'n.-,-e-.-ion.-
ot Iter l)ritaii:iii- .Majei-ly in .N'nrili .Vtiieri.-a. I'l aiintiier |inrt nr pliiee
witliin the -ai.l i.n.-.-e,--inii.< ; I'mi i.|e.|, that a tH'rtion nf .-iieli iraiis-
I'oriiitiiiii is mule thiniiKh the lerrilory of the I niti-ij State.- by hind
earriiiu" iiinl in boml. under .-uch rule.s and ree'ilaliiin- a.- may be
aKreed n|.on between the linviriiiiiciit nf Her Ibitamiie .Majesty and
thelioM'inmenl of the I iiited State.--. The <lo\eriiiiient nl the liiited
ritatr.- Iiiither I'lm.iiri's iint to imt'ose any e.\|.nrt duties on i^oods,
wares, or iiiereliandise earrieil under Ibis .Article thiniifli the territory
of the I niled Stales: and Her .\la.iesly's inAerumelit ent-aues to iirne
the I'arlianieiil of the lloiiiininii nt Canada iiimI the I.eui-latures nl
the otiier l.'oloiiies imt t.i iiii|.ii-e any e.\|.orl diilie.- on noods, wares, or
iiierehaiidise eiirried under this .\rtiele; and the Umernmeiit of tlie
Inileil Stales may. in ea-e sueli e.xi.ort diitie.- are iiiii.ose.l by the
liominion of Caiiiidi.-nsi.en.led. .Iiirim; the i.erio.l that sueh .liilics arc
iiiil.ose.l. till- risht '.I earryim; iri.iiiled un.ler this .Article in favor of the
siili.il I't.s uf Her liriliiiinie .Ma.ie.-ty. The liovernmeiil of the I nited
States may sn-|.eii.| llie rii-'lit nf eiirryiiii,' t-ninleil In favor of Jler

liritaiinie .Maiesty iiii.lerthi- Arliile in ea.-e the Kniiiini .f I'amidn

sh.MlId al any time de|.riv.' the eilizen.- ol the I iiile.l States nl tlie use of

the canals in Ibe-aid |i ini..n on terms ..I i a lily wiih liie inhabitants

ol the II.. Ill illi a- jirnvi.le.l in .\rlii!e .\.\\ 11.

!•. — The eonsiderat ion of t he Fisheries (piostioji
was resumed on I he Jill h. 'Ji'nd and 2.")lhol'Mari h,
the American Commissioners, riie American

, , . ■ .... Ill' C..iiiiiii..i..iii'i- ..Her

taknu;' llie initial ive and olleriuu' .si.khmhii b.r ib,'

-1. I'"''' Inn-.' Ibe

a moiiev pa\iiu>nl as the hasis lor li-inriis t..reiir,
the purclia.se ol' the riyht to lisli in peri>etuily.
They allected to iVLiard the lisheries as of \erv
little monetary importaiiic.andoireivdsil.nilO.Oiio
as a lair siiuj to irjve lor the riii'ht in perpetiiilv
This oiler the liiitish Commissioners dediiu'd as
altoiiclher inadeipuite. and held that no iirraiiue-
iiieiil would he accep|;il)le w hieh did not provide
lor the free admission ol iish and li>li oil ; th.'V
also strongly ohjeeted to the sale of the rii^ht in
perpetuity. Durinii- this discussion the (pieslimi
ol' the jurisdiilion ol' the A'arious Prox ince.N in
tlio l-'ishories was l)icnmht up, and the American

iM-i)iti t.i nis ii\ I.l Miii-:ic.
AiiTirti: X.XXI.— The ilowrniiieni of Her llritiiiiiii.' Ma.ie-ty I'lirther
enifiii/es to iirue iiimii the I'ailiatiient of the Dominion of Cana.la an. I the
l,ei.'islatiire ol .New liriinswiek, lliat im rxi.i.rl .Inly, or olliir duty, shall
be levie.l un lumber ..r timber nl .my kimi cut on that (.orlioiiot the
.Vmeri.aii lerriloryiii tin' State ..f .Maine watere.l by the I'iver Si. .luliii
ami it- In bill aril", an. I ll'..lti'.| dmn ilia I ri'ir t.. the -.'i.. ii hen- the ^.iliii'
is -lii|i|ie.| to the Initi'.l St.ites troin the I'rovinie nf .\ew llriin-ni.k.
.\iid, ill I'lise any such exi..trt or other .Inly .'oiitiiiiies to be b-vied after
the ex|iir:iti.iii of .ine .\ea:' rr.iiii the liiite nf the e.xcliaiiL'e nf the nitilica-
lionsiiftlii-rreaty.il is avreeil that the llnvernnient nl the rnite. I Stales
may sii.-|ieml ilio ri'jjil of ■arr,\iiiL' hereinbefore irranted iindi-r .Viticle
.\XX of Illi- Treaty, b.r -ii. ii t.erin.l a- -n.li e\|...rt or ..Ih. r .Inly may !..•
leiie.l.

IIIKIIV M iV M'l'l.l 111 \KH im \ 111. I Ml.

.Villi, i.i ."^Vll.— Il i- Inn her UL-reed I ha I the inovisioli- anil stiimla-
linn- nl .Vrli.:.'- .> ■Ill tn.X.Wnt this Tre.ily, ineln-ii e, -hall exleml
tn the Inbi'iy of .\i'Wlniin.|lali.|, S.I fara- lliey an' ii|.|.li.':ibli'. Hut if the
Iiiitieriiil I'arli.imenl, tie- 1,< ifi-latiire nf .N'ewfonndland, or the Cniitrrcss
of the I'nited Slate-, -hall not embrace the Colniiy nf .\e» b.iiii.llali.l in
their lawi" cnaeled for earryini! the foi-i'i;oiiiK iirtiele- into ellei-i, then tliis
.Article shall be nl no etfeel : bill the omission to make |'i-n\ i-ioii li\ law
to Ki\e it ell'ei't, by either of the I.ecislaiiv e boilies iifiire.-aiil, shall not in
any «'a.\ iiii|iairaiiy oilier .Ariiele- ol thi.s Treaty.

.issiAi 111 I'liovix.-K.- iiKiji mm.

Ann. IK .WXIII.-The liirei:..iiii: .Viticle- X V I II In XX\ imbi-ive,
and Ariiele .\.\.\ nf this Trealv . -ball take eUeel ii« soon as the laws
reiiiiircd to early llii'in into ..|,ii-.iiinii shall have been iiasse.l by the
I III 1. 1 rial I'.ii'liameiil nl lireat riritain, by the I'arlianient of Canada, and
by the Itei-'islalnre of Prince K.luiird [-liiii.l on liie niio liimd, and by the
ConKtes- nf the I'liile.l Stall's on the oilier. Such a.-sciil liaviiiir- been
irivcii, the said .Vrtieles stiall remain in force for the tierind of len years
fiiiiii the dale at which they may cnine into ii|M'ratinii. and I'lirther, until
the i'.x|.ii-alioii of two years iiflcr either of the lliuh Contraelimt Parties
-hall liavi' ifiven imtii-e to the nther of it- wish to terininate the same:
each nf the HIkIi C..nli-aitinii Parties beiiii: at lib.'i-iy to jrive such notice
to the nihi'r III the en. I of the -.lid iii'ri.id nf ten years or ill any lime
aflel-vvar.l.

Mil; s \.N- .11 .w cm M'\H\-.

Ariiele- X.\l\' lo Xldl inelii-i\e iirnvi.le for the settlement of the
boun.l.iry line between the rnited Slate- and Ilrili-li Cnliiiiibia, kicivn as
the San .Iiiiiii P.oiiii.lary .|Uisli.iii,lhe matter to be loll to the Kmi.cror of

ilermaiiyto..li'cide whether the Anierican iiiti-riu-ctali f the I'lcaly .if

p*!.-', by which tin > eliiii I that the Canal .le llai.i was the di\ idinn line,

nr the Kiii-'li-li intertireiali which iiia.le the linsiiri.. Strait the .liu.liiiK

line, was cnrrcLt. lli.s .lecisinii in the iiiiilti'r tube linal aii.l witlmut
ii|i|ical. bntli luirtiox iiKreeiiiK In abide by it.

(ioVKI.'NMK.NT ( H" l,()i;i> I.lSCAi; IIIK \VASIIIN(,"I'().\ ■IIJKA'I'V.

81!i

ComiMissioiH'is wi'if iiiloniu'd (lint the iMslu'iics
uitliiii lln' liuiils ol" iniiviliiiii' juris<lit;ti()n utTo!
I he ])iopiity ol ilu' M'Vfi'iil Hiiiish ColoiiicN, and
llial it would Ix' ucfi'ssai y tn iTlcr any aiiaiiift'-
nn'iil wliicli iiiiuhl all'i'd ('Mloniil pioix-ily or
riulilsto ilii' ("oloiiial <ir l'r<»\ iiioial I'arliaiacnts,
and llial li'Mishitinii wunld al^o he rc(jiiiic(l on
llii' part of till- lnii)i'i'ial l'ai'liani>'Ut.

10. — Tlu'ouuliout tlif wliolc ui-ii'Olialiini the
Anii'ii( an ( 'oniuiissinntMs endeavoured to l)e-

,>,,i,,r,„,,„ i„ , I'llle tlie value of the Kislieries,

■"" iii-i' ■'"«•••' ■' deelavinu' tliat tliey were of v.Ty

little eonuiiercial or intrinsic value, and that the
L niled Status desired to aeijuiie a riL;lil and titio
to tlieni niort! for the puri)o.se ol' reniox in<f a,
\exatioii- and irritating' (jiiestion of dill'eieiiec
heiween tile Iwo countries, than from any
positive atlvantaLje iliey expei led to L;ain from
iliL'm. The r.ritisli ( 'ommissioners, on the other
hand. ( onteiided that tiie inshore lislieries weie
,,|' V erv "reat intrinsii! and eomnienial value.j
and a'jain uryed that the most e()uita)do hasis
oil which the Americans couUl acquire a riiiht
lotiieii' Use, Would he hy oll'crinii' a reciprocal
larilf ami reciprocity in the coasting trade.
The American Commissioners declared that they j
could nut hohl out any hope that C'onu'ross |
Would sanction any such rociproial tarill
arvana'emont as was i>roposed, or to any e\-
teu'led plan of the reciprocal free admission of
the products of the two ■ nuutries, They. iu)W-
ovor, snu'n'i'sied that coal, sill a. id lish should he
reciprocally admitted five at once, and luiiiher
after tho 1st of July, 1S74. sayini;' that as one
branch of Contiress luid already expressed itself
in favor of remo\ini4' tho duties from coal and
salt, and the whole tendency of lei;islation in
tho United States was towards a reduction of
taxation, they were of opinion that ("onyress
might bt! disposed to moot iho views of the
British Commissi ouors as far as those articles
were conceriiod.

n. — This ollor was made oii tho i-'tth of
March, and the Uritish ( ommissionors not
Tho h.isiy ..r iiii foeliuLi' authorized to accejit it,

iirniiivoini'iii fiuiillv ,. , i ■ ■ , •

anivi.iiii.,uMi lurther coiisiileratioii was iiost-

'wr«'i I"- poucd, lu order that they may

consult their (iovoruineiit. In theinoantimo the
Canadian rarliaiuent, oil tho fourth ol .\|>ril,
(Si'o Chajitcr xix. par. lO). repealed the duties
oil coal, suit, \-c.. which had heoii imposed
duriu'^ tho ses>iiin of I^To. and, of course, it \\ as
no object to till' .\meri' aus to oiler lo ad mil these
articles to their inarUeiN IVee when they i ould
have access to Canadian markets without liivinu;
aiiylhinir in return. .\c cordiuuly. when tho dis-
cussion was ri'sumod. on thi' ITlh of ,\pril. and
the I'ritish Cominissioueis announced thai llo'ir
(iovernmont rei;arded the oll'er as inadc((uate.
and cnnsi(h'red that lumber sh-iild be admitted
free and at oiico, and a money payment made in
ailditioii, the American Commissioners replied
t)y withiliawinu' their i>roposal altou'cther. and
rovoriinu- to their original oiler of a, money
payment only, suiiu'eslinii' that il'the i w o (lovern-
meiits could not an)oo on the sum to bi' paid,
the amount should be loft to be determined hy
an impartial Commission. The Itriti-sh Commis-
sioner.- replied that it woulil not be possible to
come to any arraim'einont which did not admit
lish and lish oil free, and that any money
payment could only be for thi' rii;ht to lish
lor a lixed term of years, and iioi in jicrpetuily.
After some liairulini!: on the part ol the .\niericaii
Commissioners, who claimed that the admission
(tf Canadian lish and lish oil free to Amerieau
markets was alone e(|uivaleiit to the i)rivile<ro of
iii-hore lishiiiL:' witlio\it any money payment, it
was au'ret'd that the inshore Canadian li>hcrics
should be IV' c i<i American lishermen for twelve
years: Ihat lish and lish oil should be admitted
I'roo to both countries for the same period of
time, and that a Commission should sit at Halifax
to dctiMinine what amount, il any, shouhl be
paid in addition by the I nited Stati's, it l)einy'
understood tlr't the payiU' m of any award
would bo, suojcct to the action of Conii'ress
after it was made. Articles xviii to xxv, as uivon
below, wore then a.ssonted to by the Commis-
sioners of lioth Croveriimo:it.s, on Jiind April,

^■2. — It will b' noticed as somewhat remark-
able, that after the lirst oi)eninu- of this subj.'ct
between the respective Coinmis- ij,.,,,,,,.!,^,,,, ,|„.
siouer.s, the mahi point at issue "' •"•'■<"""■

I I

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

U III 1.6

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

II M

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.•!-'0

Tl'TTLH'S UISTOUV oF THE DOMINION OK CANADA.

Ix'twcoii ('iiiiada and the Uiiiti'd States was
ciitiioly lo.-sl sig-lit ol', and the whole energies ol'
the Commisfsiouers on l)olh sides were devoted
to settling- how the United States could, with
the greatest ease to themselves, acquire a right
to which they had previously set up no claim,
and the iiritish rruvinccs had evinced no desire
to part with, excei)t on terms which the United
States had accepted once, but now refused to
renew. The whole question at issue since the
revocation oi' the Reciprocity Trt>aty had been
the interpretation ol' the terms of the Treaty of
1818, whether the three mile limit, marking
inshore fishing, should be computed from head-
land to head-land, or Irom the shore itself,
following the indentations of the Bays and
Creeks. The Americans had never set up the
claim that they had the right to fish within three
marine miles of the shore — although they con-
stantly did it, — but that they had the right to
enter the Hays to lish, no matter how much
inside tln' line as drawn from head-land to head-
land they were, so long as they kept three
miles from the shore of the Bay itself; yet the
Commissioners waived this (juestion entirtdy,
and considered nothing biU the much more
valuable privilege ol' iishing wh(>rever a
Canadian fisherman had the right to fish. It is
quite saf(- to say, that had the <[uestion been
considered on its own merits and alone, as was
the intention of the Canadian Crovernment when
a .Toint Commission was proposed, no such
conclusion would have been arrived at, as the
surrender ol'our valuable fisheries for the paltry
privilege of selling a few fish duty free to the
Americans, and a problematical money payment
which might amount to nothing ; but the intro-
duction of the Alabama claims quite swamped
till' fisheries ((uestion, and .so long as the
(lladstone Administration could get that ques-
tion settled at any prie(>, and that hrfe noir
peacei'ully laid to rest, they cared very little how
much Canadian interests were sacrificed in the
endeavor to pvopitiate the Americans; that the
Halifax Commission did make an award of less
than one half the money value of the fisheries,
and that Canada was not left wholly unrecom-

pensed for her abandonment of a vaU;able right
was certainly more due to the Justice of the
Commissioners than to the Grovernment, which
showed no great concern whether we got any-
think or not. As to Sir John A. Macdonald's
share in this transaction we shall have somethinsi'
to say by-and-bye, but we may merely remark
here that it would be preposterous to blame him
for not accomplishing impossibilities — for it was
impossible for him either to force Reciprocity
from the Americans, situated as he was, or to
prevent the sacrifice of our fisheries when the
British Crovernment was anxious and willing to
render them up as a peace-oH'ering.

13. — After the rejection by the American
Commissioners of the proposal to consider the
questions of the uaA'igation of x.iviKiiiiMnut tiiu
the St. Lawrence and the use of 'TniM'sl"'i'i'"t'i"n in

.1 ,, ,. , . liiiricl.,Ve. .U-lirlos

the Lanadian canals in loimec- Jiiiuiu
tion with the Fisheries question, these subjects
were left for separate consideration. On the
23rd of March the question of the navigation
of the St. Lawrence and the canals was taken
up, when the British Commissioners stated that
they considered that the concession of the
navigation of Lake Michigan would be an
equivalent for the naviiiation of the St.
Lawrence. As to the canals they contended
that thi' privilege of navigating the Canadian
canals was much more valuable than thai of
using the American canals, and asked what
equivalent the American Commissioners pro-
posed. The American Commissioners contended
that the United States was j'ri>ady entitled to
the free navigation of the St. Lawrence from
the point where it ceased to form the boundary
line, trom, to, and inio the sea, and they could
not concede that the na\igation of Lake
Michigan should be taken as an equivalent for
that right. With regard to the canals they
desired that an agreement should lie made to
enlarge the Welland Canal, or they would not
be disposed to make any concessions. They
then proposed in exchange for reciprocal transit
and transhipment, and the use of American
canals and Lake Michigan by Canadians, that
the United States should have the free naviga-

iluabl(^ right
\ntk'.o of tho
meut, which
we got auy-
Mardonald's
osomothiuu'
ii'ely remark

blame him
<— for it was

Jiociprocity
e w^as, or to
es when the
d willing to

-' American
consider the

viciili..n oC ihc

l.:i»lc'iii(s
ins|iiiil;iti.,ii ill
ml. Ac-. Arlii-los

lese subjects
'11. On the
! navigation
i was tak(>n
'■ slated that
ion of the
luld be an
of the St.
' contended
le Canadian
han that of
isked what
sioners pro-
s contended

entitl'-d to
'^rence from
e boundary

they could

1 of Lake
livalent for
•auals they
ie made to

would not
Ills. They
oral transit |

American
dians, that
•ee naviga-

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i \

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'■■ui. 10, and into Uio /if
■ J.H that ih* ua

I'.'.j.i^iii shoaJfl be hkv

■ iar>!f thi:' Wyliiind 0:mai, tn

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Carl

shol

fixol

aiull

Thij

misi

of 1

th.'

wht|

Cai

for

and

cap;

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Con

exp(

Ann

rive

sul)j

C.ml

Laki

tln' 1

Gov

men

the

tera

Uni

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rigli

torn

also

veci

mi'i

urg

to 1

llOil

Coi
Sta
wli
mil
the
to

GOVKRXMKNT OF I.OH!) MStlAH— TlIK \VASI1IN(;T0X TRHATY.

321

tioii ol' the St. Lawrence iiiul the uise, on equal
terms, of Caiuiditin canals, it l)einii' specially
stipulated that tin' Wellaiul and St. Lawrence
Canals should be enlarjied by the Canadian
Government, and that no discriminating tolls
should bo charged, and the rate ol' toll to be
fixed at just enough to cover interest on cost
and provide lor repairs and a sinking fund.
This proposal was rejected by the IJritish Com-
missioners as being altogether too much in favor
of the United States and against Canada. On
the 27th of March the discussion was resumed,
when the British Commissioners stated that the
Canadian Government had already provided
for the enlargement of the Welland Canal,
and that the expediency of enlarging the
cajiacity of the St. Lawrence canals was under
consideration. On the same day the American
Commissioners proposed that the siibject of the
export duty charged in New Brunswick on
American lumber floated down the St. John
river should be considered by the Commission.
On the 22nd of April the consideration of these
subjects was again taken up when the British
Commissioners proposed that the navigation of
Lake Michigan should be given in exchange for
the navigation of the St. Lawrence, the British
Government agreeing to urge on the Govern-
ment of Canada to give United States citizens
the right to use the Canadian canals on eciual
terms with British subjects; provided that the
United States Government would agree to urge
on the several States to give British subjects the
right to use the several State canals on equal
terms with citizens of the United States, They
also proposed, as part of the arrangement, a
reciprocal agreement as to transit and tranship-
ment, and that the British Government would
urge on the Government of New Brunswick not
to impose export duties on American lumber
lloated down the River St John. The American
Commissioners renewed the claim of the United
States to the free navigation of the St. Lawrence,
which was not admitted by the British Com-
missioners, who stated that, while not admitting
the right the British Government had no wish
to exclude the United States from its use; they

would, however, call the attention of the
American Commissioners to the Rivers Yukon,
Porcupine and Stikine, in Alaska, which should
on like grounds be declared free and open to
British subjects, in case the St. T^awrence should
be declared free. The Ameri<'an Commis.sioners
agreed to the proposal as far as the liivers
Yukon, Porcupine and Stikine were co)icerned ;
and also to the arrauiicment i)roposed with
reference to canals, limiting it, as regarded
American canals, to those connected with the
navigation of the lakes and rivers traversed by
the boundary line, or contiiiiious to it. They
also agreed to give the right of navigating Lake
Michigan for ten years. It was agreed that the
transhipment arrangement should be made
dependent on the non-existence of discriminat-
ing tolls or regulations on the Camidian canals,
and also the abolition of the Ni'w Brunswick
export duty on American lumber intended
for the United States market. The right of
carrying was also made dependent on the non-
imposition of export duties on either side on the
goods of the other party passing in transit. The
British Commissioners desired to introduce the
question of the survey of the boirndary line
along the forty-ninth parallel, between the Lake
of the Woods and the Rocky Mountains ; but
the American Commissioners held that the
boundary survey was a matter for administrative
action, and did not require to be dealt with bj'
a Treaty provision. These subjects were dis-
cussed tit the Conferences of 24th, 2oth and 2t!th
April, and embodied in Articles xxvi to xxxiii
of the Treaty, which were agreed to on the 3rd
of May.

14. — The question of the North-west Water
Boundary was first brought up by the British
Commissioners at the Conference tik. smi .luim ij.mn-
on the l;jthol March, when they Ani.ie.^.un.ij.
proposed that an arbitration of this question
should be made upon the basis of the provisions
of the Treaty agreed on in 18ti!>. The Ameri-
can Commissioners replied that although no
formal vote on the ratification of that Treaty had
been taken in the United States Senate, still it
was so well understood that that Treaty was

Hvlil'il

'i;i

ii^l

ilM: ! i i |i

!i| !!hi!|}

322

TlTTr-KS iriSTOllV OF Till-: DOMIXIOX or CAXADA.

iinfiivorably regarded tliat they could not accept
it as a basis for the settlement of the question,
and i>ro|)(>sed that an etlbrt should be made by
the Joint Iliuh Commission to settle the question
without reference to that Treaty. This was
agreed to. and the British Commissioners ad-
duced their reasons for holding that the Rosario
Straits should be taken as the boundary line
under the Treaty of loth of June, 1,S4(1. The
American Commissioners hold that the Ilaro
Channel was the channel contemplated by that
Treaty, and adduced their reasons, iucludini"'
some oriaiual correspondence between the Hon.
Edward Everett and the Cxovernment on the
subject, which had not been alluded to in pre-
vious discussions of the question. The 15ritish
Commissioners could see nothing in this new
correspondence to cause them to change their
opinion with regard to the Kosario Straits being
the channel intended. The American Commis-
sioners then i>roposed that, as the Treaty of l.")th
of June. 184(). miuht have been made under a I
mutual misunderstanding, and that, possibly, I
n(>ither ]>arty would have signed it had it been !
known what construction the other party would
put on ''. therefore the whole of that part of the
Treatv •■ .ting to the North-we.st "Water Boun- j
dary ''.'•;. id be abrogated, and a fresh attempt \
made io re-arrange the boundary line which had :
been in disi)ute before that Treaty was con- ^
eluded. The British Commissioners replied
that they had r.o power to entertain the proposal
to abrogate the Treaty of 1840, and, therefore,
on the 2()th of March, the proposal of the
American Commissioners was declined. On
the mth of April, the British Commissioners
proi^osed, as a compromise, that the Middle
Channel, commonly knov.'u as the Douglas
Channel, should be adopted as the one through
which the boundary line should pass, with the
understanding that all the channels through the
Archipelago should be free and common to both
l)arties. Tliis was declined by the American
Commissioners, who proposed instead that the
Haro Channel should be recognized as the one
meant by the Treaty of 1846, with the under-
standing that no fortifications should be erected

by either party to oljstruct or command it, and
that ])rovisiou should be made to protect the
l>roprietary rights of liritish .subjects in the
island of San Juan. The British Commissioners
declined this, and stated that their GovernmeiU
was .so fiiUy convinced of the justice of its
interpn iation of the Treaty of 1S46, that it could
not aband<jn its views, except after a fair deci-
sion by an imi)artial Arbitrator ; they, therefore,
proposed that the matter should be submitted
to arbitration. The American Commissit)ners
agreed to this, provided the other <juestions
between the two Governments should be satis-
factorily adjusted : but declined a proposal that
the Arbitrator should be allowed to select a
middle channel if he thouiiht i>roper, declaring ]
that what the United States Government desired
was, not a compromise, but a decision as to the
proper interpretation of the Treaty of 184(i as to
whether the Haro Channel or the Rosario Straits
was the channel referred to in that Treaty.
This was linally accepted as the basis of agree-
ment, and Articles xxxiv to xlii were assented ^
to on the 22nd of April. |

1'). — We have now dealt with all the subjects
relating to Canada which are included in the
Treary, but there is one other Can,ui„v claims m I
subject which was not consid- i^Hif^'VI^'^;.!;:;; "irjh" j
ered by the Commission, the ^""">"'^'^''«'>'''-' I
rejection of which caused much discontent in
Canada for a while, and this was our claim for
indemnity at the hands of the United States
Government for the damages done by the Fenian ;
raids. A statement of the case was very care- j
fully prepared by Lord Tonterden, and, at th(>
Conference of the 4th of March, the British
Commissioners, referring to Sir Edward Thorn-
ton's letter of 2(ith of January relating to " the
mode of settling the dilfereut questions which
have arisen out of the Fisheries, as well as all
those which affect the relations of the United
States towards Her Majesty's Possessions in
North America,'" proposed that the Commis-
sioners should consider the injuries which the
people of Canada had sullered by the Fenian
raids. The American Commissioners o])jected
to these ilainis being introduced, and the subject

(iOVEi:NMF,NT OF T.ORD LISGAR— NE(iOTIATIONS ABOI'T THE TREATY.

323

was loft in abeyance, while Articles xii to xvii,
provicliiit-' for a mixed Commission on the claims
of British and American citizens arising- ont of
the war, were agreed to. On the I'lith of April
the Hritish Commissioners aiiain urt^ed the con-
side/atiou of the Fenian raids claims, stating
that they were instructed to iirge them as
coming within the class o? subjects indicated by
Sir Edward Thornton in his letter of 2t!th of
Jani;ary. The American Commissii.ners replied
that they were instructed to sayth.it the Tnited
States (lovernment did not regard these claims
as coming within the class of subjects indicated
in that letter as subjects for the con.sideration of
the Joint High Commission. The British Com-
missioners stated that, under the circumstance's,
they must refer to their Government for further
instructicnis. On the 3rd of May the ]?ritish
Commissioners again urged the lonsideration
of the claims, when the American Commis-
sioners replied thac they could see no reason to
vary the reply formerly given to this proposal.
In their view, the subje<t was not embraced in
the scope of the corr(>spondence between Sir
Edward Thornton and Mr. Fish under either of
the letters of the former ; and that they did not
feel justified in entering upon the consideration of
any class of claims not contemplated at the time
of the creation of the Commission, and that the
claims referred to did not commend themselves to
their favor. The British Commissioners then
withdrew the claims, and Canada was thereby
debarred from present compensation from the
United States for the injury inllicted by tLe
Fenians. Lord Kimberley, in his d(>spatch of
the 20th of June, 1871, to Lord Lisgar, thus de-
fends the aition of the ]?ritish Commissioners :
" Her Majesty's Uovernment were well aware
of the serious dilliculties in the way of settling
this question, and they could not, therefore, feel
surprised at this result. At the same time, it
was with much regret that they acquiesced in
the omission of these claims from the general
settlement of outstanding questions between
Great Britain and the United States. But it
seemed to them evident that the British Com-
missioners were right in thinking that there

was no reasonal)le probability that l)y further
l)ressing the point an agreement would beco me
to uimn it with the American Commi.ssion(>rs,
and when the choice lay l)e{ween the .settlement
of all the other differences betw^een the two
countries on terms which Her Majesty's Gov-
ernment believed to be honorable to both, and
beneficial alike to Canada and to the rest of the
Empire, and the frustration of all hope of Itrii-S-
ing the negotiations to a satisfactory issue, they
could not hesitate as to the course which it was
their duty to take." The Treaty was signed by
the Commissioners at Washington on the 8th of
May, and on the 9th an extra se.ssion of the
United States Senate was convened to ratify it,
which was done on the 24th (the Queen's Birth-
day). On the 17th of June it was duly rntilied
by l)oth parties at London, and on the 4th of
July President Grant issued a proclamation
giving effect to those clauses \vhich did not re-
quire the consent of the Parliament of Canada
and the Legislatures of Prince Edward Island
and Newfoundland.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

GOVERNMEXT OF LORD LrS(;AR— XECOTFA-
TIONS ABOUT THE TI!H.\TY.

1. Opposition of Puulk' Opinion to the
Treaty. — 2. The Legislature of New
Brunswick condemns the Treaty. — 3.
The Canadian Government refi'ses to
ADMIT American fishermen, PENDiNft
ratification of the Treaty. — 4. The
Canadian Govern.ment expressesi its dis-
satisfaction with the Treaty. — .">. Lord
Kimherley's satisfaction with the
Treaty. — 6. Reply of the Canadian Gov-
ernment. The Fenian Raids Claims. —
7. Reply of the Canadian Government.
The Fisheries. — 8. Reply (jf the Canadian
Government. Further oiuections. — 9.
The Earl of Kimherley's reply to the

REPORT OF the PrIVY COUNCIL. — 10. ThE

position in which the Canadian Govern-

'il - s

l:i

\l I

Mil

H24

Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF TIIK nOMFNION OK CANADA.

MKNT l-OINO I ISKI.K. — 11. IvKI'OHT i)F TIIIC
riJIVV ("(H'.NC.M, WITH liEKKRENOK TO COM-
PKNSAl'IiiN Kol! FkNIAN R.\1I)S. — 12. TlIE
l)UrnsiI (idVKR.NMK.NT UKKEllS T<J ( I t'AHA.VTEE

A r,<>AN OK .t;:2,">0(),000.— 1;!. The tekms

A(iREEI) TO. JiEMAIfKS.

1. — The terms ol' the Tvoaty ol' Wiishington
were iriiide puhlic in Canada on the 14th of

()p,H,siri,M, nt I'ui.ii,. ^lay- ='»<l at '>"'■•' awoke a storm '
""•"""" ""1"^ ■''•■'">■ ol' most marked disapprobation ^
Irom the press ol' both parties, but especially ii
from the Opposition i)apers which endeavored
to throw a very large part of the blame on j
Sir John A. Macdonald for the share he had ,
had in the transaction. It was generally felt that
the interests of Canada had l)een most shame-
fully saeriliced, that the Americans had got all
they asked for, aiul more too, and that Canada
had not onlyreee'ved little or nothing in return, ,
but that one of the main qui'stions in which
she was directly interested, and for the settle-
ment of which it had been supposed that the
Joint High Commission had been appointed
(the Fenian Claims) had been dismissed with
the brief comment that it did not come within
the range of questions to be considered by the
Commission. 1

•2. — In no part of i,h(( Dominion was the dis-
satisfaction with the Treaty more deeply felt or
more generally expressed than in '

Tlic Iii'i.'i''liiliiic ii!' AT 1) .11 1

Nik iii-mi.-wick JNcw J)runswick, whose people

Cn]li|l.mil.< tliL'TlTiily. 1 . r. 1

lound not only their nshenes
taken from them, but also their chief means of
raising a local revenue, by the pro])osed repeal
of the export duty on American timber Uoated
down the St. John River. Of course, it was
understood that the Dominion Oovernment
would have to make good this deficit by an
increased subsidy ; but the people felt very
keenly this interference with their right to raise
revenue in the manner which suited them best.
The Legislature was just about to adjourn, but
on the day before prorogation, the 16th of May,
Attorney-Cieneral King introduced a series of
resolutions condemnatory of the treaty which
were adopted unanimously, after a short debate,

in which no one attempted to defend the Treaty.
The re.solutions, after condemning the Treaty as
" a policy of unlimited and dangerous conce.s.
sioiis," concluded as follows : ' lle.solved. That
in any Treaty relating to the frt.'e use of the
Fisheries and to the )iavigation of rivers and
canals, Canada should at thi* same time make
l)rovision for the further rt>iiulation of com-
merce and navigation beyond liiose secured by
the Articles of the Treaty as above concluded,
in sn<h manner as to render the same recipro-
cally benelicial aiul satistactory."

^^ Resolved, That in the opinion of this House,
the Parliament of Canada should, under exist-
ing circumstanc(>s, adhere to and carry out the
policy of protection to the Fishery rights of the
Dominion of Canada, recently adopted, and
should not give a.ssent to the Articles of the ,said
Treaty relating to the Fisheries."

3. — The American Crovernment having suc-
ceeded in having the lisheries capitulated to
them, were in a grt'at hurrv to „„ ,,

' ~ * I he ( iiniiiliiin

take possession of their new l;r,H'imi"'AmI^rir'm''
acquisition ; and on the Sth of liiSio-fiii'
May— t hi! day the Treaty was '^''•""'*-
signed — Mr. Fish addressed ii note to Sir
Edward Thornton requesting the British
Grovernment to use its iniluence with the
Grovernments of Canada, Prince Edward Island
and Newfoundland to induce them to allow
American iishermen the fret' use of the lisheries,
pending the ratification of the Treaty, quoting
the action of the Provincial Uovernments at the i
time of the signing of the Reciprocity Treaty of
1854 as a precedent ; uid Lord Kiraberley, in
his despatch of the IVth of June, urges the
Canadian Government to " take no active steps
to enforce those statutes (the Fishery laws) and
to suspend the instructions to the Colonial
' criiisers to exclude American citizens from the
fisheries." The Government of Prince Edward
Island at once agreed to the r'.'quest of the
Imperial authorities, and, on the 24th of July,
an Order-in-Council was passed suspending ail
regulations for the protection of the fisheries
of that Province against th(> Americans, and
throwing the fisheries open to them, pending

(iOVKUX.MKNT OF I.oRI) l,IS(;.\|{-NF/iOTIATIONS AHOl'T Till'- TRKATY,

.12'.

the rati ficiit ion of the Treaty. The ('iiiuulian
{lovi'rnmont, however, deeliiied to tai<e the
respoiisil)ility of any such action without
consulting Parliament, and could not see the
analogy between the two cases. The Order-
in-('ouncil, passed on the 2Sth of July, on
the Wasliington Treaty, concludes with the
following i)arauraph with reference to this
request : — ''The Treaty of 1H.'>4 was negotiated
with the concurrence of the Provincial (lovern-
nients represented at W'a.shiiigton, and met with
the general approbation of the people, whereas
the Fishery clauses of the late Treaty were
adopted against the, nilvire of the ('anndittn
Goveinment and have been generally disap-
proved of in all i)arts of the Dominion.
There can hardly be a doubt that any action
on the part of the Canadian Government
in anticipation of the decision of Parlia-
ment would increase the discontent which now
exists."

4. — Although Sir John A. Macdonalu signed
the Treaty with the other IJriti.sh Commissioners,
Tiir Ciinii.iiiiii and in his capacity as a repre-

e.\|.R'.-se.< its sentative ol Her Ma('sty at that

(li^.-iiti.-<rnt*liim uitli t-» • n

iho Tmiiy. c(mierence, yet, as Premier ot

Canada, he strongly opposed the Fi.shery clauses
and protested against the exclusion of the Fenian
claims ; and, although " Imperial necessity "
was too pow^>rful for him in Washington, he
lost very little time after his return to Canada
in informing the British Government of the
dissatisfaction with which the clauses of the
Treaty relating to Canada were regarded by the
Canadian Government and the country at large.
These objections were embodied in a resolution
of Council passed on the seventh of June, and
forwarded to the Colonial Secretary, in which
the Council set forth their reasons for considering
the Treaty highly unfavorable to the interests
of Canada, and intimate that they were not
disposed to recommend to Parliament the
legislation requisite to give effect to some of its
clauses, while matters remained in their present
condition.

5. — The Earl of Kimberley, in his despatch of
17th of June, to Lord Lisgar, took occasion to

I.nrii KiiiitnTlcy'.^

connTatulate Canada on tht> very
satisfactory Treaty which had '(iiV-V,"'i'i"'i'i IviiV'iho
be'Mi concluded, and in a sub-
seciuent despatch. liOth of June, expres.sed his
regret that the Commission had refused to
entertain the l''cniaii claims. (See Chap. XXVII,
par. XV.) In the lirst mentioned despatch he
says : " The Dominion is, from its geographical |
position as the immediate neighbor of the ;
United States, so i)eculiarly interested in the
maintenance of cordial relations between that
Repixblic and the Ibitish Empire, that it mixst
be a source of satisfaction to the Canadiiin
Government, that Her Majesty has been able to ;
conclude a Treaty for the amicable settlement I
of differences which miu'ht have seriously
endangered the good uiulerstanding between ;
the two countries:'" and then goes on to say,
"Moreover, the Rules laid down in Article VI,
as to the international duties of nevitral Govern-
ments are of spe<ial importance to the Dominion
which carries on such an exten.sive and imreas-
ing maritime commerce, aiul possesses such a
considerable merchant navy." He then takes
r;p each qiiestion and shows, to his own satis-
faction, that they are all highly advantaueous
to < inada. After recounting the difficulties |
whi \\ Av.'re in the way of a settlement of the
Fish iuestion, and stating the various pro-

pose ich had been made and rejected by

the L on. sioners, he concludes, " the recii)rocal
concession of free fishery with free import of
fish and fish oil, together with the jmyment of
such a sum of money as may fairly represent
the excess of value of the Colonial over the
American conces,sion, seems to be an equitable
solution of the difficulty. It is perfectly true
that the right of fishery on the United States
coasts, conceded under Article XIX, is far less
valuable than the right of fishery in Colonial
waters, conceded under Article XVIII, to the
United States, but on the other hand, it cannot
be denied that it is most important to the
Colonial fishermen to obtain free access to the
American market for their fish and for fish oil,
and the balance of advantage on the side of the ,
United States will be duly redressed by the 1

II y

:if.

i'lllUi

.tL'i;

Ti'TTr,r-rs iiistoky ok tiik itoMiviox or Canada.

I li

' n

:i::!:

i !

II.- .1

^'ij

Aildtrators uiultT Aiticlf XXII. In somo
ics|n'<'ts a (lirccl luoiioy payment i.s perhaps a
mon- (li.stinct rt'cdMiiition of tlic rights ol tho
Colonios tliiiii a tariirciuici'.ssion, and ihcvo doos
not seem to ))0 any (lilicreme in principle
lietweeii the admission of American lishermen
i'ov a term of years in ooiisideration of the
payment ol' a sum of money in liross, and their
admission under the system of Licenses, caleu-
lated at so many dollars per ton, which was
adopted by the ''olonial Government for
several years after the termination of the
Reciproeity Treaty. In the latter case, it must
he ol)served, the use of the JMsheries was
granted without any laritl' concession whatever
on the i»art of the United States, even as to
the importation of lish. Canada could not
reasonal)ly expect that this country sliould. for
an indelinite period, incur the constant risk
of serious misunderstanding' with the United
States — imperillini''. perhaps, the peace of the
whole Empire, in order to endeavor to force
the American (rovernrai>nt to change its com-
mercial policy; and Her Majesty's Government
are coniident that, when the Treaty is consid-
ered as a whole, the Canadian peoi)le will .see
that their interests have been carefully l)orne
in mind, and that the advantages which they
will derive from its provisions are commen-
surate with the concessions which they are
called upon to make."

6. — These despatches of Loi'd Kimberley's
being referred to the Privy Council, th''t body

H,.„:.v,„,i,oCa li.n expressed its opinion of the

n'u"Kl','h,''.'n,i.i. Treaty in pretty plain terms, in
'■'"'"'• a report dated the 28th July,

ls71. which we give almost entire, as embody-
ing nearly everything which could be said on
the subject in diplomatic language : — " The
(.ommittee of the Privy Council have not
failed to give their anxious consideration to the
important subject discussed in the Earl of
Kimberley's desi)atches, and they teel assured
that they will consult the best interests of the
Empire, by stating frankly for the information
of Her Majesty's (rovernment the result of their
deliberations, which they believe to be in

accordance with public opinion in all parts of
the Dominion. The Connniitee of the Privy
Council readily admit that Canada is deeply
interested in the maintenance of cordial relations
between the ifepublic of the United States and
the British Empire, and they would, therefore,
have })een prepared, without liesitation, to re-
comnu^nd the Canadian Parliament to co-operah'
in procuring an amical)lesettlement of all dilfor-
ences likely to endanger the good uiulerstandini;
between the two countries. For such an objeci
they would not have hesitated to recommend
the concession of some valuable riyhts, which
they have always claimed to enjoy under
the Treaty of 1818, and for which, as the
Earl of Kimberley observes, Her Majesty's
Government have always conti'uded, both
(iovernmiMits havinu' acted on the interpre-
tation given to the Treaty in (|uestion by high
legal authorities. The general dis.satisfaction
which the publicati(m of the Treaty of AVa.sh-
ington has produced in Canada, and which has
been expressed with as nunh force in the
Agricultural Districts of the West as in the
Maritime Provinces, arises chieliy from two
causes:—

1st. That the principal cause of difference
between Canada and the United States has not
been removed by the Treaty, but remains a
subject for anxiety.

2nd. That a cession of territorial rights of
great value has bet^n made to the United States,
not only without the previous assent of Canada,
but contrary to the express wishes of the
Canadian Government.

The Committee of the Privy Council will
submit their views on both those points I'or the
information of Her Majesty's Government, in
the hope that by means of discussion a more
satisfactory understanding between the two
Governments may be arrived at. The Earl of
Kimberley has referred to the rules laid down
in Article VI. of the Treaty of Washington, as
to the International duties of neutral Govern-
ments, as being of special importance to the
Dominion, but the Committee of the Privy
Council, judging from past experience, are

ill ;

UOVKltNMKNT OK LoliD I-ISCAl?— XKGOTI ATIOXS AHOIT TIIK TRKATY.

:{-.'7

miifh molt' aitjtichoiisiv I' ol' inissuiuUTstaiidini!',
owing to tlu' appaioiit (litlcrciict' of opinion
bi'tvvft'n Cuniida and the United States, as to
the relative duties oi' iriendly States in a time
oi' peace. It is unnecessary to enter into any
lenutheiied disrussion oi' the conduet of the
United Stales during the last six or seven years
with reference to the organization of i onsid-
erable numbers of the citizens of tliose States
under the designation of Fenians. The views
of the Canadian Government on this suhject
are in possession of Her Majesty's Government,
and it appears from the protocol of confereuee
between the High C'ommissitmers, that the
British Commissioners presented the claims of
the people of Canada, and were instructed to
state that they wi-re regarded by Her Majesty's
Government as ccnning within the class of
subjects indicated by Sir Edward Thornton, in
his letter of 'Jtith January last, as subjects for
the consideration of the Joint High Commis-
sioners. The Earl of Kimberley states that it
was with much reii'ret that Her Majestys
Government acquiesced in the omission of
these claims IVom the general settlement of
outstanding questions between Gn-at Britain
and the United States, aiul the Ctmimittee of
the I'rivy Council, while fully participating in
that regret, must add the liict that this Fenian
organization is still in full vigor, and that there
seems no reason to hope that the Unittul States
Government will perform its duty as a friendly
neighbor any better in the future than in the
past, leads them to entertain a just apprehension
that the outstanding subject of dillerence with
the United States is the one of all others which
is of special importance to the Dominion. They
must add that they are not aware that during
the existence of this Fenian organization, which
for nearly seven years has been a cause of irrita-
tion and expense to the i)eople of Caiuida, Her
Majesty's Government have made any vigorous
eifort to induce the Government of the United
States to perform its duty to a neighbonng
people who earnestly desire to live with theinon
terms of amity, and who during the Civil war
loyally performed all the duties of neutrals to

the expressed satisfaction oi' tlie (iovernmeiit of
the United States. On the contrary, while in
the o|>inion of the (Jovernmen*. and the entire
people of Camvda, the ( ioveriiment of the United
States neglected, until much too late, to take
the necessary measures to prevent the Fenian
invasion of 1H7", Her Majesty's Government
hastened to acknowledge by cable telegram the
prompt a<tiun of the Piesident, and to thank
him for it. The Committee of the I'rivy
Council will only add on this painl'ul subject
that it is one (m which the greatest unanimity
exists among all classes ol' the peopi" tliniughoiit
the Dominion, and the failure of the High Com-
missioners to deal with it has been one cause of
the prevailing dis.satisi'acti(ni with the Treaty of
Washington."

7. — " The Committee ot the Privy Council will
proceed to the consideration of the oth(>r subject
of dissatisfaction in Canada, viz: k,. ,|v „f (ii.>
the cession to the citizens of the ^j;Vw.'rmmMt. The
United States of the right to the '•''■''"''■
u.se of the inshore lisheries, in common v/ith tin-
people of Canada. The Ivirl of Kimberley, after
observing that the Canadian Government took
the initiative in suggesting that a joint liritish
and American Commission should l)e ai>pointed
with a view to setth; the disputes which had
arisen as to the interpretation of the Treaty of
181S, proceeds to state, that ' The causes of the
' difhculty lay deeper than any question of
' interpretaticm. that the discussion of such points
' as the correct deiinition of bays, could not lead
' to a friendly agreement with the United States,
' and that it was necessary, therefort', to endeavor
* to lind an equivalent w hich the United States
' might be willing to give in return for the lishery
' privileges.' In the fore^•oing opinion of the
Earl of Kimberley, the Committee of the Privy
Council are unable to concur, and they cannot
but regret that no opportunity was all'orded
them of communicating to Her Majesty's
Government their views on a subject' of so
much importance to Canada prior to the meetinu'
of the Joint High Commission. When the
Canadian Government took the initiative of
suggesting the appointment of a Joint British

ii 1'

;!2S

Tl'TTLK'8 IIISTOEY OF TJIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

: llli:^

iuicl American Commission they nevor contem-
plated Ihe surrender oi' their territorial rights,
and they had no reason to suppose that Her
Majesty's Government entertained the senti-
ments expressed by the Earl of Kimberley in
his recent despatch. Had such sentiments been
expressed to the delegate appointed by the
Canadian (jiovernment to conl'er with his Lord-
ship a few months before the appointment of
the Commission, it would at lenst have been in
their power to have remonstrated against the
cession of the inshore lisheri»'s. and it vvoiUd,
moreover, have prevented any member of the
Canadian Government from acting as a member
of the Joint High Commission, unless on the
clear understanding that no such > e.ssion should
l)e embodied in the Treaty without their consent.
The exptdiency of the cession of a common right
to the inshore lisheries has been defended on
the around that such a sacrifice on the part of
Canada should be made in the interests of
peace. The Committee of the Privy Council,
as th(>y have already observed, would have
been prepared to recommend any necessary
concession for so desirable an object, but they
must remind the Earl of Kimberley that the
original proposition of Sir Edward Thor)iton,
as appears by his hotter of 2(jth January, was
that 'a friendly and complete understanding
' should be come to between the two Crovern-
' ments, as to the extent of the rights which
' belong to the litizens of the United States
' and Her Majesty's sul)jects respectively, with
' reference to the lisheries on the coasts of Her
' Majesty's Possessions in North America.' In
his reply, dated 30th January last, Mr. Secretary
i'M.sh inibrms Sir Edward Thornton that the
I'resident instructs him to say that ' he shares
' with Her Majesty's Government the apjirecia-
• on of the importance of a friendly and
' .omplete understanding between the two
' Govrmejils with reference to the subjects
opecially suggested for the consideration of
' the proposed Joint High Commission." In
' accordance with the explicit understanding
thus arrived at between the two Governments,
ICarl Granville issued instructions to Her

Majesty's High Commission, which, in the
oi)inion of the Committee of the Privy Council,
covered the whole ground of controversy. The
United States had never pretended to claim a
right on the part of their citizens to lish within
three marine miles of the coasts and bays,
according to their limited delinition of the
latter term, and although the right to enjoy the
use of the inshore Fisheries might fairly have
been made the subject of negotiation, with the
view of ascertaining whether any proper
equivalents could be found for such a conces-
sion, the United States was precluded by the
original correspondence from insisting on it as
ii condition of the Treaty. The abandonment
of the exclusive right to the inshore Fisheries
without adequate t'ompensatiou was not there-
fore necessary in order to come to a satisfactory
understanding on the points really at issue. The
Committee of the Privy Council forbear from
entering into a controversial discussion as to
the expediency of trying to inlluence the United
States to adopt a more liberal commercial policy.
They must, however, disclaim most emphatically
the imputation of desiring to imperil the peace
of the whole Empire in order to force the
American Government to change itscommenial
policy. They had for a <'onsiderable time back
ceased to urge the United States to altin- their
commercial policy ; but they are of opinion that
when Canada is asked to surrender her inshore
Fisheries to foreigners, she is fairly entitled to
name the proper equivalent. The Committee of
the Privy Council may ol)serve that the opposi-
tion of the Government of the United States to
reciprocal free trade in the products of the two
countries, was just as stronii' lor some years
prior to 1854, as it has been 'ince the termination
of the liet'iproiity Treaty, and that the Treaty
of 1854 was obtained chiefly by the vigorous
protection of the Fisheries which preceded it,
and that but lor the conciliatory policy on the
.subject of the Fisheries, which Her Majesty's
Government indu<'ed Canada to adopt after the
abrogation of the Treaty of 1854, l)y the United
Stales, it is not improbable that there would
have been no difficulty inol)tauiing its renewal.

(i(»\ I;|;NM1:NT ok I.OIM) l-lSdAR-XKdOTIATKtNS AliOIT TIIK 'I'lM'.A'IV.

:{2n

Tlic Cominittcc ol' I lie Privy Council liavc
iidvcrlcd 1() till' i)(>li(y ol' Ilcr MnjcKly'fs Oovcni-
iii'Mil IxTiiUfst' ihc l']avl oi' Kiiii})('ii<'y has slated
thai tluM'o ifs I'o (liircrcncc in prinriph' luMwcen
a money paymi'iil and the syslcni oi' Hcimscs

• calonlalod at so many dollars a ton, whi' w as
'adopted hy Ihc <'oionial (iovornnit-nl I'or
' several years alter the termination of the
' Reeiprority Treaty.' iveferonceto the corves-
pondenee will prove that the license system
was reluctantly adopted hy th(> Canadian
(Joverinnent as a substitute I'or the still more
ohjectionable policy pressed ujton it by Her
Majesty's Crovornmont, it having' been cl(>arly
understood that the arrangvinent was ol' a
temporary character. In his despatch ol the
3rd March, IHiKJ, Mr. Seeretary Cardweil
ob.served: 'Her Majesty's Grovernment do not
' feel disinclined to allow the United States, I'or
' the season of l.sCiii, the freedom of lishing
' granted to them in 1S54, on the distinct
' vmderstandinii' that unless some satisfactory
' arrangement between the two countries
' be made duriuij' the course of the year this

• privilege will cease, and all concessions
' madi' in the treaty of ]S.")4, will be liable
' to be withdrawn.' The principle of a money
payment for the concession of territorial rights
has ever been most repugnant to the feelin<i's of
the Canadian people, and has only been enter-
tained in deference to the wishes of the Imperial
Government. What the Canadians were willing
under the lircumstances to accept as an ecjuiva-
lent, was the concession of certain commercial

Ivantages, and it has therefore been most
unsatisfactory to tiiem that ller ^lajesty's
Orovernnu'iit should have consented to code
the use of the inshore Fisheries to foreigners,
for considerations which are deemed wholly
iiuulequate."

8, — -'The Committee of the Privy (\)uncil
need not enlarge further on the objectionable
features of the Treaty as it bears
on Canadian interests. These
are admitted by uuiuy, who think
that Camida should make sacrilices for the
general interests of the Empire. The (x'ople

llc'l.lv oC llu'
Ciiil:i(lillll
Unveniiiipiit.
l-'Mi'lliur nliji'L'tion

of Canada, on the other b,\nd, seem unable to
comprehend that there is any existing necessity
I'or the cessii.n of the righi to use their inshore
fisheries without a(le(|uate <()miiensation. Tiiey
have failed to discover that in Die settlement of
lhi> so-called A labi'aia Claims, wiiich was the
most important (|uestion in dispute Ix't ween the
two nations, England gained such advantagi's
as to be recjuired to make further concessions at
the expense of Canada, nor is there anythinu' in
the Earl of Kimberleys despatch lo support such
a view of the (plestion. The otlier \y,\y\s of the
treaty are e(|ually if not more ad\ antag'eous to
the United States than to Canada, and the
lishery (jueslion must consequently be consi-
dered on its own merits; and if so considered
no reason has yet been advanced to induce
Canada to cede her insliore lisheries for what
Her Majesty's Covernment have admitted to
be an inade([uate consideration. Havinu' tlurs
slated their views on liie two chief objections
to the late Treaty at Washington, the Committee
of the Privy Council will proceed to the
consideration of the correspondence b'lween Sir
Edward Thornton, and Mr. Eish, transmitted in
the Earl of Kimberley's despatch of the 17th
June, and of his Lordship's remarks thereon.*
This subject has already been under the con-
sideration of the Committee oft he Privy Council,
and a report dated the 7th June, embodyinii'
their views on the subject, was transmitted to the
Earl of Kimberh'y by your Excellency. In his
despatch of the 2i!th June, acknowledging the
receipt of that report, the Earl of Kimberley
refers to his desi)atch of the 17th of that month,
and ' trusts that the Caiuulian Government will,
' on mature consideration, accede to the proposal
'of the United States Government, on this
' subject.' The Committee of the Privy Council,
in expressing their adherence to their report of
the 7th June, must add that, inai)i>licability of
the i)recedent of 1854, under whicii the action
of the Canadian Parliament was anticipated by
the Government, to tiie circumstances now
existing, appears to them manifest. The Treaty

* 'I'Uf'c lulli'iN Hcru cm llu' mili.ici'l ul' llirciniiij! npi'ii llir lislicrios iit
<iiH'i>, lu'iiiliim tlio riitifii'jittiin <>t' (lie 'rr(.-jit>'.

:-ii.

ii:i!

^1^' ill

I'r

0;jo

Tl'TTLKS lll.STOliY OK TllH DU.MINION OK CANADA.

of 1854 was iicg'oliati'd with the concunvuco of
the rroviiiciiil Govonimcuts ivpivsontod at
Washiiii^toii, anu mot with the ueiuTal approba-
tion ol' the people, whereas the Fishery clauses
of the late Treaty were adopted against the
advice of the ('auadian Government, and have
been nenerally disapproved ol' in all parts of
the Dominion. There can hardly be a donbt (hat
any action on the part of the Canadian Govern-
ment in anticipation of the decision of Parlia-
ment would increase the discontent which now
exi.jls. The Committee of the Privy Council
request that your Excellency will communicate
to the Earl of Kimberley the A'iews which
they entertain on the subject of the Treaty of
Washiuiiton in so far as it allects the interests of
the Dominion."

!>. — The foregoing report of the Committee of
the 1 rivy Council was forwarded to the Earl of
■I'll,. Piri,,- Kimberley by the Governor-

ti,i"niM;7.;r'ti!i''' '" t}"t'iiei'til on the loin of August,

Privy Conn, il ,,u^| ^^.^^^ ,jqJ i.,.pli^,(l to Until the

i.'ird of November, when no reference at all was
made to tlie Eeni'n Raids claims, and he reitter-
aled, in sul)stance, the assertion that Canada
ought to be satislied with the Fishery clauses of
the treaty. " I shall endeavour, as far as
possible," he says, " to avoid entering into
further discussion of the clauses of the Treaty
which apply especially to Canada, as I cannot
think that any advantage would result from a
prolonged controversy between the two Gov-
ernments as to the details of the Treaty, and the
manner in which the negotiation was con-
ducted," and then proceeds to take exception to
two statements in the rejjort of the Privy
Council. In the first place he objected to the
imputation by the l*rivy Council that the right
to use the Fisheries had been conceded to the
United States withoiit the consent of Canada,
taking the gr(nind that the right to give effect
to that part of the Treaty was specially reserved
to the Parliament of Canada, in the same manner
as would be done towards the Imperial Par-
liament, " if the Crown were to conclude a
similar Treaty as regards the Fisheries of the
United Kingdom." lie also contested the assc-

tion that the Fisheries were ceded for " what Her
Majesty's Government have admitted to be an
inade(|uale consideration," arguinii' that the
reciprocal right to lish, with free importation of
lish aiul lish oil, and a sum of money in addition
was adequate compensation.

10. — The Canadian Government now found
itself in this position : tln> Imperial Govern-
ment having paid to the United .i,,e,,„.i.i„„i,Mvi„d,

States, with the Colonial Fisher- J!;;;^;;;;;;!:;;",,,,,,,,

ies, the debt incurred by Great "-"'^^"•
Britain by the depredations of the Alabama and
other cruisers, w'as determined to force the
Dominion to accept the Treaty as it stood, and
seemed disini'lined to offer any assistance or re-
compense for the great sacrifice Canada was
required to make. Of course, the Candian
Parliament could refu.se or withold the Legisla-
tion necessary to give effect to certain clauses of
the Treaty, but the Treaty would go into effect
all the same and the Americans would have the
use of our Fisheries without our getting even
the small advantages in return secured by the
Treaty — for, as the Imperial Government had
made up its mind to allow the Americans the
use of the Fisheries, it would take no steps to
protect them from the encroachment of foreign
fishermen, British gunboats were withdrawn,
and the Dominion having no nower to com-
mission vessels of wui without Imperial sanction,
it was evident that no practical resistance to the
inroads of American fishermen could be made
even should the assent of the Canadian Par-
liament be withheld. Again, the articles relating
to transportation were made dependant on the
ratification of the Fishery clauses, and any dis-
ruption of the existing arrangement for reach-
ing the seaboard by way of Portland in the
winter would have been a great drawback to
Canada, pending the completion of the Inter-
colonial. I'npleasant, therefore, as it was to
swallow the bitter pill of spoliation and humili-
ation, it was a painful necessity, and the only
thing in the power of the Government to do was
to endeavour to get it gilded a little so as to
make it somewhat less nauseous to the public
palate.

GOVERNMKNT OK r-OF.'D LISGAli— XE(;OTIAT10XS AROirT THE TREATY.

331

n. — When the chviras lor coraponsation on
acconnt of the Fi'ninn Rnids wove withdrawn
Roi.Mi(.,ftii>.rri\.v from the consideration of the

Ciiinicil with f . -.-f. . ,, . . .^

icHrente III Joint Hii>h (_ ommission, it was

iMPiiiiieiisiiliuii I'l'i- _

Fuiiiiin Kiiids. oil the unclcrstaiuling that their

settlement would be assumed by (treat Britain,
and to this point the Canadian Cirovernment
now addressed itself. On the 20th of .Taiiuary,
1872, a report of the Privy Council, in answer
to the Earl of Kimberley's despatch of 2:5rd of
November, 1871, was approved. After refer-
ring to the Fisheries clauses, and miiintaining
that Canada had just cause of complaint, the
report goes on, as follows, to treat of the Fenian
Claims: — "In the Earl of Kimberley's despatch
to your Excellency, dated 23rd of November,
no reference whatever is made to the subject of
the Fenian Kaids, and with renard to the
Fishery clauses ol the Treaty the only inference
to be drawn from the despatch is that the objec-
tions raised by the Committee of Council are of
V'.M'V little weight. The Committee of Council
readily admit that further controversial discus-
sion on the points on which ditl'erences of
opinion unfortunately exist between the two
Governments woiild be unprofitable. It is,
however, due both to Her Majesty's Cfovern-
ment and to themselves that they should
frankly explain to the former the conclusion at
which they have arrived on the two questions
discussed in their K(>port of 28th .luly last.
They maintain that Canada has a just claim to
compensation for the exi)eiis('s incurred in
consequence of the Fenian Raids. It se(>ms
unnecessary to support this opinion by further
argument. * * * While still adhering
to their expressed opinion as to the Fishery
Articles of the Treaty of Washington, they are
yet most anxious to meet the views of Her
Majesty's CTOvernment and to be i)lacod in a
position to propose the netessnry legislative
measures, and they will proceed to maki' a
suggestion which they earnestly hope may
receive a favorable resi)onse. The adoption of
the principle of a money i>iiyineiit in satis-
hvction of the expenses incurred by the Fenian
Raids, would not only be of no assistance to the

Treaty, but might lead to some comiilications.
It is not improbable that differences of opinion
miffht arise in the discussion of the detail; of
those claims between the two Crovernments.
which miu'ht li>ad to mutual dissatisfaction.
Again, such a solution of the question would
necessitate a discussion in the Imperial Parlia-
ment, in the course of which opinions ininht lie
expressed by members which might irritate
the people of Canada and might moreover
encourage the Fenian leaders in the United
tStates, who have not ceased their asitation.
There is in the opinion of the Committee of
Council a mode by which their hands might be
.so materially strengthened that they would be
enal)led not only to abandon all claims on
account of the Fenian Raids, but likewise to
propose, with a fair prospect of success, the
measures necessary to give ell'ect to those
clauses in the Treaty of Washington which
require the concurrence of the Dominion Parlia-
ment. That mode is by an Imperial Guarantee
to a portion of the loan which it will be neces-
sary for Canada to raise in order to procure the
construction of certain important public works,
which will be highly beneficial to the United
Kingdom as well as to Canada. It is not
pretended that the construction of these works
is cc.ttingent on an Imperial Ouarantee. The
credit of Canada has never stood so hiah in the
money market as at the present time, its 5 per
cent, securities being at a premium. But there
is no doubt that with the Imperial Guarantee,
a considerable saving of interest could be
effected. The Committee of Council feel
assured that Her Majesty's Government will
recognise the scrupulous good faith which has
invariably been observed by Canada under Gov-
ernments of various shades of politics. Her
Majesty's Government are aware that one of the
conditions on which Hritish Columbia joined the
Confederation, was that Canada should procure
the lonstriiction of an Inter-oceanic Railroad. In
order to procure the construction of this gigantic
work, a cash subsidy will have to be granted
to the Comiiany xxndertaking it, to tht» extent in
all probability of live millions sterling. This

^'1

m !

i'U

' i;' ■

: :'!■''■,'';

i'
i'

I i

)l i

illllltli

111

II !i

i'*

Iim;

;{:;::

rUTTLK'S IIISTUI.'V OK TIIF. DOMINION oK CAXADA.

Kailroad will oiicii up for scttlciiifiil ihc Viist
piaiiics oi' (lie Novth-AV^ost, \vlii<h will s\ist:iiii
an onornious populalidii. Accoi'diiiii' to thi'
most rolialilc stiilisti<s, tliciiiiiiiijjTalioii i'rom the
riiitod Kiiiudom (o Canada, is in about the
proportion of one to six to that from the United
Kinti'doni to the United States, the population
oi' the United States beinii' more than ten times
as nieat as that ol' Canada. On tlie other hand,
the imports into Canada ol' staple articles of
British manut'aeture, such as cottons, woollens,
andiron and hardware, are about three times as
larii"t> in proportion to population as those into
the United States. It is therefore clearly the
interest of the liiited Kinpcbnu that the British
North-West Territories should be opened for
settlement as speedily as possible, and to eli'ect
this ol)jert, the Canadian racilic Railroad is
indis])ensably necessary. That Kailroad. it may
be added, would in all probal)ility be forrnd the
most eligible mode of conveying a portion of
Her Majesty's mails to the ICast. The time has
arrived when tiie (.'nlarii-ement aiul extension of
the Canadian Canals, so earnestly desired by
the United States, as appears by the protocols
attached to the Treaty of Washinuton, can no
longer be postponed. The required works must
be constructed by the Ciovernment, and will
cost about lliree millions sterling, the aggregate
of the Railroad and Canals being eight millions.
The revenues of Caiuida are in a most satisfac-
tory condition, and fully a})le to bear the
increased charac which will be gradually
thrown upon them. The taxes ari^ much less
than in the adjoining Republic, aiul are cheer-
fully borne by the people. The Committee of
Council are of opinion that Her Ma,jesty"s
Government might fairly be urged to propose to
I'arliament a liuarantee for a Canadian loan, not
to exceed four millions sterlina', on the condition
that such guaranteed loan should be raised at
the same time, and in equal proportion with a
Canadian unguaranteed loan for th'.' same objects,
The Committee of Coiincil do not believe that
any other mode can besaggested by which they
wouhl be enabled to surmount the dilhciillies in
the way of their obtaining the consent .)f the

Canadian l'arliamei\t to the measures iu>ccssary
to liive ellecl to the Treaty of Washiniiton, than
that which they have felt it their duty to recom-
nu'iul. The Committee of Council trust, that
should other dilliculties l)e removed, Her
^lajesty'sCrovernment will enable them to assure
the Canadian Pailiament, that any recommen-
dation made by Canada to terminate the Articles
of the Treaty of AVashington, numbered 18 to
2;") inclusive, and likewise Article 80, in c(m-
formity with Article 33, would be acted on."'

12. — This report was forwarded l)y the
GoAernor-General on the 22iul of January, bxrt
was not replied to lor nearly two .(.i^^, ,(,.1,1^1,
months, the answer of the Earl Buln'ilX^'',' £':,/''
of Kimberley b.'ing dated the ^-■•■'■"'•'««''
ISth of March, and the calling together of
Parliament was delayed on that accovmt until
the nth of April, as it was most desirable that
the Government should either be in a position
to recommend the legislation necessary to give
eli'ect to the Treaty of Washington, as soon as
I'arliament met, or be prei)ared to op[)ose the
Treaty. The Earl of Kimberley in his reply
says: " Her Majesty's Government have consid-
ered this sugu'estion (the guarantee of half of a
loan of €8,0UO,i>00) with an eariu'st desire to
remove the dilliciillies which are felt by the
Canadian Government, aiul I have now to
convey to you the conclusion at which they
have arrived. They are of opinion that the
most convenient course will be that it should
be provided in the Acts to be passed by the
Dominion Parliament to give effect to the
Treaty that such Acts should only come into
force upon the issue of a proclamation by the
Governor-Crcneral in Council bringing them
into operation. ( )ii their part Her Majesty's
Government will engage that when the Treaty
shall have taken effect by the issue of such
proclanuition, they will propose to I'arliauient
to guarantee a Caiuidian loan of .€2,000,000,
such loan to beapj)lied to the purposes indicated
by the Council, namely, the lonstruction of the
railroad through British Territory from Canada
to the Pacific, and the iminovement and eiilarge-
raentof the Canadian camils, and to bo rai.sed al

(iOVKfiN'MKNT OF ].0\W I>IS(;AR— DKRATK ON TIIK TIJEATV ol' WASIIINCTOX.

3;53

' f'TlllS ilL'fCol

Ui'iiiiirk.".

tilt' sauic lime and in (Mjual proportion with Ihi'
Canadian nnijixaranteod loan lor the same
ol>j<'('ts, on tho understanding- that Canada
abandon all claims on this Country on aw oimt
of tho FtMuan Raids." "With rot>"ard to tho
roquest that llcr Majo.sty's Crovemmont would
authorize tho Canadian Government to announce
to tho ])orainion Parliauient that "any recom-
mendat''>n made by Canada to terminate the
articles of tho Treaty of Wa.shiiisiton, numbered
18 to 25 inclusive, and likewise article ."iO, would
be acted on." His l^ordship replied, should a
desiro to termiiuite the Treaty at tin- proper
time, ho intimated by addresses from both
Houses of the Canadian Parliauu'ut, the request
should moot with due consideration at the
hands of Her Majesty's Grovernment.

1-'). — AVith this small concession, and the
promise of terminating tho Treaty at the eiul of
twelve years, the Canadian Gov-
ernment was foi'ced lO l)e conleut
as there appeared uo chance of making any
better arrangement ; and, by a report of tho j
Committee of the Privy Council, approved on ]
1.3th of April, 1872. accei)ted tho terms oll'ered,
and agreed to submit the nei'essary measures to
the consideration of Parliament. Tho report
concludes as follows : " The Committee of the
Privy Council feel that althouiih Her Majesty's-
Government have l)een unal)le to accede to
their proposition in full, it is nevertheless their
duty, in the interests both of Canada and the
Empire at large, to accept the modiliod proposi-
tion of tho Earl of Kimberley, and lh(>y will
accordingly be ]irepared to propose to the
Canadian Parliament, the measures necessary
to give ell'ect to those clauses of the Treaty
relative to Canada." So ended the negotiations
with the Ib-itish (Sovernment with veuard to
this most unjust Tnvity, and all that was left for
the Canadian Government to do was to gain the
consent of Parliament to the necessary leiiisla-
tion, a consent which there was now no doubt
would be given, but which it is almost certain
could not have been obtained had it been asked
immediately after the Treaty was made pu])lic,
and while l)olh the press aiul tho people were

excited at its unfairness, or if tho Govornnjont
had been forced to ask for it without having
some oqirivalent — however slight — to show for
the great sacriliees which Canada was called on
to make. Biit, in the year which had elapsed
since the promulgation of the Treaty the people
had had time to think the matter over coolly,
and to see that so long as a Liberal Government
remained in power in I'iiigland there was no
hope of greater consideration of Canadian
wishes or interests, and that wo must either
submit with the best grace iw.ssible, or l)e pre-
pared for the agitation of the (jucstion of a
separation from the Mother Country, a step
which very few Canadians were prepared to
advocate. The reilection that thi' treaty would
only last twelve years was .some consolation;
and although the Americans had got all they
demanded, still there were many who felt, as
Le Z*rt2/s expressed it, that "we ouuht perhaps
to be thankful that they asked no more. '

CHAPTER XXIX.

GOVKKXMEXT 01' LORD IdSCAi;— DHiJATK
ON Till-: TKIvATY 0!-' WASIllMiTON.

1. Bilk to oivk effect im thI': Tueaty ixtro-

DUC'ED UY SlU .k)llN A. M-VCUONALD. — 2. SiR

John A. Macdonaed exi'eaixs his action
ON THE Joint Hiuh Commi.<sion. — :J. Sm
John's e.m'eanatiox. Effect of the
kel'eaii of the duties on coae. \c., on' the

NEGOTIATIONS. — i. Silt JoIIN's E.M'LANATION.
The NAVKIATION OF THE St. LaWKENCE

AND Lake Michioan. — ."). Siu John's extea-

NATION. The BoNDINd S\ lEM AND SaN
JUAiV liOt'NDARY (JTESTIOX. — (J. SiR JoH.X'S

exi'eanation. The o.mission of tfiE
Eenian claims from the Treaty. — 7. Hon.
Mr. Mackenzie criticizes the Treaty. — 8.
Hon. Mr. Blake moves an amendment. — H.
Derate ON Hon. Mr. Blake's a.mendment.—
10. Amendments voted down and J5ili-

CARRIED UY a MA.IORITV FROM EVERY

Province.

i' li.'i'lfl

■\\ii

wf?' 'il

;i'.v

334

TTTTLR'S HISTORY OK TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

1. — On the ISth of April — seven clays after
the mcclinn' of PiirliamtMit, ami three after the
„,,, „. , , acceiuance by the Privv C'ouncil

Hill In i:ne I'llcfi }-► ' •'

i'rsi,'''j'!l',',''A?''''''''' <»'' 'h^^" terms olfered by the l<:arl
.\i:;,.i.m.,M. ■ j,c Kiinb.M'ley— the papers and

<orrespondence relating to the Treaty of Wash-
ington were laid before the nous(> : and, on the
3rd of May, Sir John A. Macdonald introduced
a r.ill to give olfect to the Treaty. The Bill
suspends certain Acts of Canada, Nova Scotia
and \e\v Brunswick inconsistent with the 18th
Article of the Treaty. Fish and fish-oil (except
fish of the inland lakes i nd rivers and those
preserved in oil), being the produce of the
Fisheries of th(» United States, are to be admitted
free of duty. Goods arrivinu' at any ports in
Canada, whether from another jiortion of the '
United States or another coiintry, may be
passed through Canada free in bond, is may
also goods brought from the United States to be
exported from a port in Canada. United States
citizens may carry goods in United States
; vessels, free of duty, from one place in Canada
to another, provided a portion of the interme-
diate transportation has been by land through
United States territory in bond, under regula-
tions to be agreed upon. This Act to come
into force when proclaimed by the Governor-
Cleneral.*
j 2. — In moving the first reading of th'e Bill,
[ Sir John A. Macdonald entered into a very
sii-.i..iin A. lencthy statement of the causes

.M.iiilnijiild expliiins i ^ i i ,

iii-.i.imiM.n iliu which leil to the appointment ot

j c.uiiiiiisvinii. the Joint High Commission, the

I actions of that Commission, and the signing of

the Treaty, lie pointed out that the Uarliament

of Canada had a perfect right, if it so pleased, to

j reject the Bill he had brought in, no matter

I ,vhat the consequences of that rejection might

j be, which would have the elt'ect of making

I clauses 18 to 25 of the Trc^aty a dead letter, lie

traced the action of the Canadian Government

with reference to the Fisheries, after the termin- '

ation of the Reciprocity Treaty of 18o4, their

dt'sire lo return to the state of things anterior to

that Treaty , and the entire exclusion of American

' Veiir llodii, l^T.'t.

fishermen after the failure of the How land-Gait
mission to Washington to propose a new
Reci])roci(y Treaty; the intervention of the
British Government, and the subsequent
adoption of the licensing system, at the sugges-
tion of that Government ; the failure of the
licensing system, its abolition, the establishment
of a Marine police, assisted by British cruisers,
to protect the Fisheries, and the mission of tie
Hon. Mr. Campbell to England in 1870, to
propose a Joint Commission to consider this
qx\estion of the Fisheries as well as that of the
Fenian Raids. He then referred to the Alabama
claims, to the elforts which had been made to
adjust them, the rejection of the Clarendon-
Johnson Treaty by the United States Senate,
and the source of constant weakness to the
Empire which these unsettled claims were, so
long as other nations knew that should l!]ngland
become engaged in war, the people of the United
States would force the Government to press
then for a settlement of those claims, continuing,
"Hence, Mr. Speaker, the great desire of
England, in my opinion, that -iiat great qiiestion
should be settled, and hence also, the inter-
mingling of the particular questions relating to
Canada wnth the larger Imperial questions, and,
sir, in my opinion, it was of greater coiise([uence
to Canada than to England that the Alabama
question should be settled." He then .sketched
the correspondence between the British and
American Governments with reference to the
Commission (as already given) and spoke of his
own connection with the Commission and his
reluctance to accept the position, as he felt that
being only one out of five his opinions and
wishes for the interest of Canada might I)e
constantly outweighed by the other lour ; but
that, at the advice of his colleagues he had
accepted the post, so that Canada may not be
unrepresented on the Commission. He then
spoke of his correspondence l)y cable with the
Imperial authorities, and the promise of the
Home Government that the rights of the
Dominion in the Fisheries .should not be ceded
without the consent of Canada, which, ho held,
W'as of great importance, as we could l)ea.s,sured

(;OVKI{N.MKNT OF LOJID r.lSCAR— DKIJATK OX TIIH TRHATY OK WASHINGTON. :m

I that "tho lights of Canada to those Fisheries
are lieyond dispute, and that Eiighiiul cannot,
and will not, under any cireu nstances whatever,
; cede those Fisheries without the consent ol'
Canada. So that in any future arrangement
I)etween Canada and England or Englaiul and
the United Stati-s the rights ol' Canada will be
respected, as it is conlirmed beyond dispute,
that England has not the power to deprive
Canada of them, so that we may rest certain
that lor all time to tome England will not,
I without our consent, make any cession of these
interests."

j 3. — Proceeding to take up the subjects of the
j Treaty in detail, he first dealt with the ]<"ish-
I Sir.ioiin'-exiiiiinii- erles, explaining that when he
; ii-ii<'.ii"t tiKMiiitiis reached Washington he lound

' on coal, iVr. , nu tiiu , . . . .

nuKoiiuiiojis. the American Commissioners, as

j well as all the American Statesmen he met, A'ery
' anxious to have that question settled, as it was
feared that no matter what the wishes or
intentions of the two Governments might be,
the fishermen of the two nations might be drawn
[ into actual conllict, if the policy of exclusion
I was continued. Th(! iirst l)asis suggested was a
I renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 ; but
the Ameriian Commissioners were certain —
and from his own obserA ation, he thought that
they were correct in this assertion — that a Treaty
providing for Reciprocity would not be ratihed
by the Senate, and it was not deemed prudent
■ to run the risk of imperilling the settlement of
all the outstanding diiferences between the two
nations by insisting on this point ; And, there-
fore, it was not pressed. He then referred to the
partial liecii)rocity which had been ottered, the
admission ol fish, coal and salt free, and lumber
after July, 1874 (see Chap. XXVI ; par. 10), and
the objection of the British Commissioners,
! that one-third of the time agreed on in the
Treaty would h, ve expired before lumber was
admitted free. For the subsequent withdrawal
of this proposal by the American Commissioners
he held that the Canadian rarlianient w^as to
blame, for repealing the duties on coal and salt ;
I he said, " I am as well satisiied as I can be of
i anything which I did not see occur that the

admission of Canadian coal and .salt into the
rnited States would have been placed in the
Treaty if it had not been for the action of this
Legislature. On the ■2')ih of March that oiler
was made, and it was referred to England, 'fhe
English Government stated that they quite
agreed in the opinion that in addition to that
otter there should be compensation in money,
and then on the 17th of April, the American
Commissioners withdrew as they had the right
to do their otter altogether. And why did they
withdraw the otter altogether ? One of the
Commissioners in conversation said to me, ' I am
quite surprised t j iind the opposition that has
sprung up to the admission of Canadian coal
and salt into our market ; 1 was quite unprepared
for the feeling that is exhibited." I know right
well what the rea.son was. The monopolists
having the control of American coal in Penn-
sylvania, and salt in New York, so long as the
Treaty would open to them the markets in
Canada lor their products, were willing that it
should carry, because they would have the
advantage of both markets at once; but when
the duty was taken oil' in Canada, when you
had opened the market to them, whether or not,
when they had the whole control of this
market, whether for coal or salt, the monopolists
brought down all their energies upon the Senate
for the purpose of preventing the admission of
Canadian ("oal and salt into the American market,
and from that I have no doubt came the with-
drawal by the American Commissioners of their
otter." He then went on to say that after lind-
ing his hands as a Commissioner thus wi-akeiied
by the action of tho Canadian Parliament, he
was forced to be content with the lleciprocity in
iish and fish oil, and the agreement that a money
payment should be paid, if the Arbitrators so
awarded. "With regard to the value of the
privileges he said, "This Reciprocity Treaty is
not a mere matter of sentiment — it is a most
valuable privilege, which is not to be neglected,
despised, or sneered at." He called attention to
the fact that the fisheries of the Pacific coast
and of Hudson's Bay were not included in the
Treaty — both of which, he held, would befor«i

•i I

^.i l!

::::(;

T['TTIiKS IIISTOIJY OP Till-: DOMINION OK CANADA.

lli(^ cxpiriitioii oT the Trciily I»i' dcvcloix'd into
very valuable piivile>^t's. With reyavd to the
Fisheries of the inland lakes, he said that they
had not heen included in the Treaty at his
re(|nest, as he considen'd liiat our side of the
lakes had heen most hii^lily cultivated, and that
the privilege oi lishinu' in our waters on the
lakes, would ho far yreater than that ofoiu'lake
lishornieu lieiuL;' |)erniitted to take tln'ir catch
into the American markets. I'a.ssinu' on to
the value of the free admission of tiie catch
of the inshore Fisheries lo the people of tlie
Maritime Troviuces, he said, "The only market
fr.r :uo Canadian mackend in the world is the
United States,"' and proeeedeil to show how
our lishermen were virtually ex(duded from it
by the duty impo.sed. He claimed that the
lieople of the Lower Provinces were in favor ol'
the Treaty, because it gave them Reciprocity in
lish, and argued that it would bo unjust and
ungeiuM'OUs of tho people of Ontario to reject
the Treaty, because it did not also give them the
Reciprocity which they desired. He next re-
viewed at lenL'th the pretentions to the Fi.shcries
.set up by the Americans under the Treaty of
178.J, and their aruirments that the rights given
them l)y that Treaty had not been abrogated by
the Treaty of 1><H: and the constant source of
dispute which had been furnished by the Con-
vention of 1.S18 ; and argued that one of the
greatest advantaucs of the present Treaty was,
that it settled beyond the shadow of a doubt
the (juestion that our Fisheries belonged to us,
for by jjay ing a sum of money for the privilege
of using them, the Americans acknowledge our
proprietary right in them, just as much as a
tenant acknowledged his lanillord's proprietary
right by paying him rent.

■1. — With reference to the free navigation of
the St. Lawrence granted to the Americans
sii-.i,.i,T,> _, by th(> Treaty, he said that the

c-.\|'l:lli:tli<'ii. 'riif • 1 1 I T 1 1 • 1 . 1

llilvi^.,ln"il ..f till' right had been clanned by the
'i.!.k,'''M'iViiil.'i.'n"' Americans I'rom 1822 to 1828,
when it was thought that it ^\•as .settled for
ever l)y the refusal of the IJritish Cxovernment
to entertain the claim and the question had so
remained until 1870, when it was again openet'.

by the {'resident in his Annual Mossaiii' to
Congress, ami had been finally settled by the
Tn-aty. This was a subject, he said, which
being one of boumhiry between two nations,
and aliectiuii' a river formiuL;' that boundary,
rested entirely with the ( lovernmcnts of tliose
two countries. \lf pointed out that the only
part of the river affected by the Treaty, was
" the small piece of broken water between
St. Reuis and Montreal, ' for irom its source to
St. Regis the I'nited States are part owners of
the banks of the river, aiul. both by international
law and by Treaty, the river was common to
both nations; as for that portion from Montreal
to the sea, no one could suppose that we desired
to close that to th(> sliips not only of the United
States. l)ut of any other nation. The real point
of importance was tlie retention of tue control
of the canals, which alone made the navigation
of the St. Lawrence above Montreal possil)li\
and this had been secured to Canaik, and her
right to the canals acknowlediicd by the 2Tlh
Article. He claimed that this admission was
highly important, for ])y the 2()th Article, the
navigation of the St. Lawrence, ascending to
and descending from the point where it cases
to be a boundary, was .seciuod to ihc United
States for ever; and as the ascent could only
be made by the aid of our canals, and as that was
known at the time of the siuiring of the Treaty,
lie thoiuiht that the Ameri« ans might at some
future time claim that the right to use the canals
as well as the river was secured to them by this
Article for ever, and therefore, the ■llih ( lause
had specially admitted that the canals were
the property of Canada and xmder her
control, so that this question had been jirovich'd
for. As to the right to navigate the Yukon and
other rivers in Alaska, he said, that their use
had been guaranteed by a Treaty between G-reat
j5ritain and Ru.ssia ; but since the territory had
been transferred to the United States, the ques-
tion might be raised whether that Treaty was
binding, and he thought it was of the utmost
importance to the Western country that the
naviuation of these rivers should l)e declared
free. With regard to the navigation of Lake

It'ssiiiii' to
l.'d l)y Ih.' '}
lid, which i
I'o nations, ■
l)()iiiuliiry. 1^
its ol' those
t the ()nl\
I'ciity, was
V hclvvi'i'ii
s isoni('(! to
. owncis of I
((M'national
•iiniMion to I
ii Montreal ,
we desired
the United
' real point
tue control
naviuatioti
il possibhv '
la, and her

)V the 271 h ,

h
iission was (

\rticle, the '

cendin;'' to j|

it c"ases 'i
United I

onld only '■
lis that was
10 Treaty,
it at some
t he canals
ni by this
Hh clause
nils wore
inder her

1 jirovided j
L ukon and

their use
,'een Crreat
ritory hatl

the ques-
reaty w^as
he utmost
that the

declared
1 ol' Lake

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(iOVKIJMMKXT OK LOUD lilS({AI{-l)KHATI'; OX TtIK TUKATV (»l' WASH IMiTON.

Mithiuiiii, till' lioiioraldc inemln'r lor Liunhton
(Hon. Mr. Markciizio) h:ul said in ono oC hin
spet'ihcs tliat liiat lako was a.s much a part of
lin' St. LawnMioe as tlif rivor itsoH'; he (Sir
.lohn) Tailed to soo oii w liat ground any such
claim could he made, as I lie lake was hounded
on all .sides hy United Stales territory, had
always been regarded as an inland sea — ^^just the
same as the lilack Sea — and its navigation had
never l)een claimed l)y (Jreat Mritain ; however,
he did not think tin- matter was oi' lireat impor-
tance, for there was no fear that the cities on
Lake Michitian would ever desire to close their
ports to the shippiny,' of Canada.

5._With reference to the 20th aiul 30th
Articles, si'cxirini>' for twelve years the right of
sir.iniin's transportation in bond, and of

e.\t>l;iiiiitii>ii. 'riit' . 1 i. A

1! liiitf ^y.-tcm.Mi.i carryuiL"' "oods Irom (me Amer-

.Smii.Iiiiiii lioiiijiliiry . ^ , • i .1

iiK-riciii. lean i)ort to another, provided

part of the voyage w^as made through Canadian
territory, he spoke of the great advantage of
having secured to us by treaty what we had
hitherto enjoyed by sufferance. It had been
held over us as a threat l)y the American press
that if Canadians were too "bumptious" this
privilege should be taken away from them, and
they should " remain cooped up in their frozen
country ;" but now we were secured in the
right of transporting our goods in bond
through American territory during the winter
months when our own ports were closed, for
twelve years. " And long before that time
expires," he continued, " I hope we shall have
the Canadian raciiic Kailway reaching to the
Pacific Ocean, and with the Intercolonial
liailway reaching to Halifax, we shall have an
uninterrupted line from one seaboard to the
other." The i)rivilege of carrying from one
American port to another he considered might
be a very valuable one, as it considerably
ameliorated the harsh and exclusive coasting
system of the United States, and opened a field
for Canadian enterprise. With reference to the
San Juan l)ouiidary question, he considered it
was settled in a way no one could object to;
and that, whatever the decision may be, neither
party would have any rea.son to doubt the I'air-

ness and impartiality of the Arl)itrat(>r, nor tiie j
ability of the many learned jurists whom he
would have it in his power to consult, if he
thouuhl proper to do so.

t). — Passing Irom the (|uestions which I lie
Treaty had settled, he came to one wliich was
omitted from it — the Feniiiu sii-.r.,!,,/, cvpIhu.i-
Raids claims. He pointed out ni'Mi:;-i.,ii'..irii,'
that altiiouiih we had sullered rii, Ihmin.
great wrong and damage by these raids, still,
from our position as a Colony, we could not
demand satisfaction for them ourselves but only
throuuh the British Government. The Imperial
(lovernment had been re(juested to present
these claims against the United States and had
promised to do so, and had asked the Canadian
Government for a statement of the claims,
This statement had not been furnished, and it
had been said that it was a piece ol Canadian
carelessness not to furnish it; ])ut he th<nuilil
differently, he considered it a piece of Canadian
caution. It w^as not usual in International
claims of this kind for any amount to be men-
tioned, l)ut only to have the principle admitted,
and to have the claims tliemselves adjutlicateil
ixpon by a mixed Commission — such as the one
at present in session in AVashiimtoii on claims
arising out of the late civil war. The British
Government had promised to urge these claims,
and, when the Joint High Commission was
appointed, it was considered that those claims
were included ; but when the British Commis-
sioners had proposed to consider them, tlie
American Commissioners had declined to do so,
on the plea that according to their interpretation
of the correspondence on the appointment of
the Commission these claims were not included
in the subjects to l)e discussed. The British
Commissioners and the British Minister d< clared
that it was always their impression that these
claims were to be discussed ; but the American
Commissioners insisted on the exact interpreta-
tion of the letters which had passed on the
subject of the Commission, and he (Sir John)
admitted that, " it is altogether doubtful
whether the agreement to enter into the nego-
tiations could be construed in any way so as to

^'i It

|^llj'i.,?IC

•' ;! i

Hi ''^m

338

TUTTT-K\S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

\m\

bring tlicso claims into the discussion." The
claims Aveio, thcreioiv, not consiclen d by the
Commission. •' AVhosc I'anlt was that V "' he
continued. " It was the fault of Her Majesty's
Grovernment in not demanding' in clear language,
in terms which could not be misunderstood, that
the investig-ation ol' these claims sho\ild be one
or the matters dealt with by the Commission."
He proceeded to argue that England was res-
ponsible for that error ; that she had promised
to present the claims and had not done so, and.
further, tliat she had assumed the responsibility
of withdrawing them ; and that, therefore,
Canada had a lair right to look to Enu'land for
a settlement of these claims. It had been
argued that it was a humiliation to Canada to
take this money, but " It is our due, "' he said.
" AVe are entitled to it, and we must have it
from some one. England refused to ask it for
us from the United States, and she accepted all
the responsibility which that refusal involved."
He then referred to the disinclination of the
Canadian Government to make a direct claim
ibr money compensati(m from England, which
iniuht have tended to disturb the very cordial
relations existing between the Imperial and
Colonial Governments ; and to the suggestion
of a guarantee which, " withoiit causing
Engb'iid to expend a sixpence, or putting the
le;;st additioiud burden upon her people, w ould,
if acted upon, do us more good, and prove of
inlinitely lireater advantage, than any amount of
mere money compensation we could reasonably
( xpect." He argued that the solid advantage of
obtaining money cheaper by this action was not
its chief advantage, for by thus taking an
interest in and advancing oui public works
England had " put a finish at once to all dreamers
or speculators who may dream, or hope, or
believe in the alienation and separation of the
Colonies from the Mother Country." He argued
that it was no more a humiliation for Canada to
accept a iiuarantee now than it was to accept
one to build tlu' canals, or for fortifications, or
ibr the Intercolonial ; and that the Canadian
Government had not made a bargain with the
Imperial Government — as had been stated — to

I <

advocate the acceptance of the Treaty in return
for a guarantee ; biit had simply told the
Imperial Government that they did not think
that Canada was receiving sufficient compensa-
tion under the Treaty for what she was called
on to sacrifice, and the Imperial Government
had at oine accepted the proposal to give a
giiarantee which Avould secure substantial
advantages to Canada. In conclusion he urged
the acceptance of the Treaty, saying : — " With
respect to the Treaty I consider that every por-
tion of it is unobjectionable to the coiintry,
unless the articles connected with the Fisheries
may be considered objectionable. With respect
to those articles, I ask this House fully and
■almly to consider the circumstances, and I
believe, if they fully lonsider the situation, that
they will say it is for the good of Canada that
those artiiles should ])e ratified."' His speech
lasted for four hours and a quarter, and was well
received by the House.

7. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie replied to the expla-
nation of Sir .John, criticising his action as a
member of the Commission ; and „„„ j,,, M„,|j,,„,i,
took exception to the assertion i"'i«»«^ H'" I'^'t.v
that the position of England was weakened
amongst European nations by her outstanding
dilierences with the United States. He thought
that as one of the Colonies of Great Britain, we
should endeavor by all just and reasonable
means to give effect to the measures of the
Mother Country ; but he did not believe the
national life, natioiuil glory, and national
perpetuity were always to be obtained by
making a sacrilice of political and territorial
rights, or l)y what was called the "peace-at-
any-priie poli<y." He claimed that the only
question at issue with the Americans with
regard to the fisheries was whether the three-
mile limit should be drawn :- cross the mouths
of bays which were more than six miles wide,
or whether it should follow the sinuosities of
those bays — the Americans had Jiever claimed
the right to fish within three miles of our
shores. To settle this very simple question
Hon. Mr. Campl)ell had been sent to England,
" and out of the proposition to settle this

ill 'i'

GOVKIiNMENT OF LOUD LIS(iAR— DRBATI'] ()X TlIK TRKATY' (W VVASIIlNd I'OX.

;;:!!»

comparatively small subject we had this
enormous matter thrown iijiou our hands,
whereby we had deliberately sold our fisheries
lor naught, given away oiir rivers, and allowed
the encroaehment of the American Government
upon our territorial rights. This was the true
position in which to place the Treaty." He
disagreed with the statement of the Premier
that the rejection of a second Treaty by the
Senate would have led to war between Great
Britain and the United ir'tates ; and protested
against the attempt to can-y the Treaty through
the House on threats like that. He rmiewed
the actions of the British Commissioners, and
said that they seemed to have yielded as soon
as the American Commissioners objected.
" The hon. gentleman (r>ir John A. Macdonald)
had stated that they were very iirgent. They
had ' set their hearts on obtaining the St.
Lawrence luivigation,' and then.'fore he had
given it away. They would set their ht'arts on
something else within a year. They were
constantly setting their hearts and envious eyes
on some portions of our territory ; and if hon.
gentlemen were to be Commissioners for this
purpose, like the Dominion Premier, he feared
very much that the Americans would' set their
hearts on obtaining advantages in the so-called
compensation for our Fisheries." He denied
the statement that the action of the House in
repealing the duties on coal and salt, had
prevented our having reci]>rocity in those
articles, and quoted dates to show that the
proposal of the American Commissioners to
admit these articles free was made three days
after the resolution was adopted by the House.*
He ridiculed the idea that the imposition of
some $200,000 duties could frighten 40,000,000
people into Reciprocity, and said it was a
similar exhibition of utter folly lor the Premier
to try to persuade the country that but for the
action of the House we would have had Recip-
rocity. With regard to the statement tliat the

• Sir.Iiilin A. .Mnodonalil in ilcl'i'iicoiillii." sliitciiu'nt sniil tliiil iiIiIhiiikIi
from the protocol it would iipru'iir lloit the offer wiis iniolo on lliu J'ltli of
.Mil 1, it WHS iTiiliy iniido sonio tinio lii'lorc, tho nicoliii); of the lioili
liei _ tlip In.st of foviM'iil, and llic protn'ols not uivinif the di'diil." of eiioli
iiicullnKi liiit oidy ri'siilt.'.

I Maritime Provinces were in favor of the Treaty,
he could only jiidge by the action of one
of the Ijcgislatures, which had unanimously
condemned it ; and he quoted returns to show
that the Fisheries had been much more produc-
tive in 1S70, owing to their protection from
American fishermen. With regard to the
navigation of the St. Lawrence, he said that the*
words of the Treaty would certainly bear the
interpretation put on them by the Premier, but
he (Mr. Mackenzie) thought that if we were to
adopt the coirrse of excluding the Americans
from our canals " we would soon be told — in a
message such as the one that frightened the
Commissioners last year — that we had practi-
cally annulled the Treaty by preventing them
uising the only means by which they could
j avail themselves ol its privileges. They would
i again ' set their hearts ' on obtaining the
I navigation of the canals, and having set their
hearts on anything seemed to be ground enough
for the British Commissioiu-rs to yield them
anything they desired.' With regard to the
navigation of Lake Michigan he still ilaimed
that we were entitled to its navigation as part
of the St. Lawrence, and that even according to
the interpretation of Baltic law according to the
Premier, we were as much entitled to it as we
were to the navigation of Lake Huron or Geor-
gian Bay. With reference to the Alaska rivers
he claimed that their navigation was already
secured by Treaty with Russia, and it was
generally acknowledged by writers on Interna-
tional law that change of sovereignty did not
ati'ect treaties of that nature. He would also
like to know why the Commissioners had not
included the Columbia River, which was in
precisely the same position as the St. Lawrence.
We had one of the great rivers falling into the
Pacific closed against us, but we had yielded
our great river falling into the Atlantic. With
reference to the settlement of the Fenian Claims
by accepting a money guarantee from the Ih'itish
Government, he said that the Canadian Govern-
ment itself had condemned the principle of a
money payment, for, in ' " Minvite of Council
of 2Sth of .luly, they say : " The principle of a

l*HN-,

( !;

I n \'

:i Id

Tl'TTLK'S inSTOIiY OF TIH': DOMINION OF C.'ANADA.

moiioy payment lor the cession of territorial
riyhts has ever been most reput^nant to the
feelings of the Canadian people," and yet the
House was asked to accei>t some one hundred,
or one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for
siiving- up the rights of the country. For his
own part "nothiuii' would ever remove the
feeliny of deii'radation he entertained at the
Governmerit of our country proposing to accept
in lieu of these I'enian Claims — that ought to
hav<' 1)(>en pressed from a highei consideration
than that of money — to accept, in lieu of that
satisiiiction we were entitled to, this wretched
consideration of money, after all that they had
written themselves upon it. He believed that
this country was able and willing to raise all
tln> money it re(iuiri>d without begging favors
from the Imjierial Government in exchange for
undoubted rights." The Bill was then read the
first time.

8. — On the motion for the second reading of
the 15111. on th»> 8th of May, Hon. Mr. Blake said
that he would endeavour to show
to the House, in as few words as
possible, what the course of the
n-.\i'otiations had been on this question ; what
the ( ourse of the Uovernment had been; and
what ouuht to be the attitude of the country.
He then entered into a long statement of
the ])ositi()n in which the Fisheries question
stood before the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854; of
the suspension of the question during the
existence of that Treaty ; of the action of the
Canadian Government at the time of the
abrogation ol' that Treaty, of the failure of the
licensing system, and the l)eneiicial results of
the policy of exclusion of American fishermen
which had followed the abandonment of the
licensing system. He dwelt at length on the
value of the Fisheries, and quoted from Orders-
in-Council and Ri'ports of the Minister of Marine
and Fisheries to show what value the Govern-
ment them.selvos had put on them, although the
House was now informed that they were not so
very valuable after all. He entered in extenso
into the (juestion of headlands, and showed the
interpretation which the Canadian Government,

II. .11. Mr. liliik..

ll\..Vl...- Mil
MlllLMl.lllU'nt.

at the instance of the Imperial authorities, had
giA'en to it. He reviewed the lircuinstances
attending the apjiointment of the Commission
and the actions of the Commissioners who had
" said in ellect, that they were prepared to do
what the Americans pleased about the Fish-
eries." He then went on to show how the
Commissioners had allowi'd the Americans to
have their own way in everything, and said,
" Not content with agreeing that the United
States fishermen should enjoy in common with
oi\r citizens the right of fishing in oiir waters
for a certain term of years, they had left unsettled
the question of what our rights were under the
Convention of 1818. Why did they leave that
qiiestion unsettled ^ Was it not important that
it should be settled ? Did not the despatches
they themselves had written show that every
year the question was left unsettled its solution
would become more difficult if we were for a
time to give up a common right ? It was
certainly a projier period and the best period to
demand that the cession should be preceded by
a settlement of the dispi\ted question. With
our right determined W(? should then know,
when the period would be over, what our rights
were. There would then be no dispixted
question of right, and there would be only the
question whether we .should make a new barii'ain
at the close of the term, or re.sort to the policy
of exclusion from the limits settled l)y the
Treaty of 1818. Therefore, he contended, it was
a blunder in statesmanship not capable of being
surpassed, exi'cptby .some others accompanying
the negotiations for this Treaty, when they
agreed to give up common right for a time, and
did not insist in having oiu- rights settled once
and forever." On the question of the Fenian
claims he said that it was painful to contrast
the conduct of the Briti.sh Government in this
matter with the course they had pursued with
reference to the murder of Englishmen by
Greek brigands, and towards Abyssinia. He
approved of the conduct of the Canadian
Government in maintaining their rights in these
claims and expressing their dissatisfaction with
the Fisheries clauses in their despatch to the

GOVI':RNMr':NT of lord LISfJAR— DRBATE 0\ TIIK TRPUTY of WASIITXCTOX. 341

Imporial Government of 28th July ; but could ]

not reconcile the attitude then assumed with

the position taken in January, when they olFcred,

lor a paltry money consideration, to abandon the

Fenian claims and accept the Fisheries clauses.

He was opposed to the acceptance of a money

consideration, and thought that if Canada had ;

to make the sacrifice at all, it would have been

better to have mad<> it only for the good of the

whole Empire. Hv spoke for nt>arly four hours,

I very fully reviewing the whole Treaty, and

I concluded by moving, seconded by Hon. Mr.

I Dorion in amendment to the motion, that the

: Hill be read a second time : " That, before pro-

j ceeding further upon the said Bill, this House

j feels bound to declare that while Her Majesty's ,

i loyal subjects, the people of Canada, will at all 1

' times cheerfully make any reasonable sacrifice

; in the intert\sts of the Empire, we have just

I ground for the great dissatisfaction prevailing

i throiighout the country at the mode in which

j our rights have been dealt with in the negotia-

I tions resulting in the Treaty of Washington,

and at the subsequent proposal of our Govern-

1 ment that England should endorse a Canadian

! Loan as a prict> for our adoption of the Treaty

] and for our abandonment of the claims in

respect of the Fenian Raids, which affect, not

merely our purse, but also our honor and our

peace."

9.— The Hon. W. Macdougall said that he
regarded the amendment as, practically, a rejec-

i.ei,.to »n ih.n. .Mr. ^Jo'i o^" t^e Treaty. He thought
niakev A..K„,in.ont. ^j^j^^ jj- mattered vt>ry little what

the despatches of tlie Government were, or what
Sir John A. Macdouald ought, or ought not to
have doiu' ; what the House had to consider
was the Treaty as it stood before them, on its
own merits. He then proceeded to show that
under the old Reciprocity Treaty, the Maritime
Provinces had enjoyed great advantages by
having the use of the American markets for the
sale of their lish, and the trade which had
sprung up had caused great prosperity along
the coasts of New Rrunswick and Nova Scotia,
which he believed would be renewed under the
present Treaty. He was disposed to think that

the American lishiMies to which we wore
admitted by the Treaty, were not so utterly
worthless as they had been represented to be.
The Governments of Newfoundland and Prince
Edward Island had accepted the Treaty, and,
he believed that the people of the Maritime
Provinces were well satisfied with it. The
Opposition came from Western Ont.irio ; and
he charged the party leaders with opposing it
for the purpose of making political capital,
contrasting their conduct with that of the
Conservative party in l^ngland, and depri>cating
the introduction into the r^uestion of any party
considerations. With regard to the Fenian
claims, he thought that a strict observance of
International obligations could scarcely be
expected from a country where so much license
was allowed as was the case in the United
States ; and that as the Imperial Governmen*
was satisfied in the matter, it was doubtful
whether we as a Colony had any right to
demur. He held that England had made consid-
erable sacrifices for Canada, for it was extremely
doul)tful whether she woiild have conseutt^d to
apologize and to submit the Alabama claims to
arbitration, had she not been an American as
well as an Eiiropean power ; and spoke in favor
of the Treaty in general, as a guarantee of peace
and security. Mr. Rymal made a personal attack
on Hon. Mr. Macdougall, and expressed himself
as being opposed to the Treaty. Mr. Young
followed in support of the amendmi-nt and
used the same argiun(Mits as thos(> advanced
by Messrs. Mackenzie and Blake in condemning
the Treaty. In conclusion, he said, " Pass this
Treaty and we yield up our Fisheries. ostt'nsil)ly
for twelve years, but, virtually, .1 believe, for
exer; pass this Treaty and we yield up one of
our great natural resources; pass this Treaty.
and we invite future depredations on the part of
the Fenians ; pass this Treaty, and v\'e practi-
cally invite the United States to make fresh
demands on Great Britain and Canada ; pass this
Treaty, and we yield up all hope of our farmers
getting a new Reciprocity Treaty ; pass this
Treaty, and I do not hesitate to say, that however
the (iovernmeut may seek to conceal it, the people

I .■■ i

'.'h

;lli

:'!*•: 'i

li^'wt

.■'1 1

342

TUTTF.K'S IIISTOnV OF TllK DOMIXION OF CANADA.

Atiu'inlinents voted
iImwii' niul l>ill
(■;ini»''l tiv ;i in i.i'M'ity
lonii every l'r'i\ iin-e.

will clcplori' it, as it will weakou the tie which
l)iii(l8 lis to the Mother Coimtiy, and push us a
step luither within the iirasp oi" the United
.States. " Hon. Mr. Ilnntinttton did not wish to
speak to the merits of the question, foi' he could
not see the utility of discussing the Treaty when
it appeared likely that the Grenm'a Conference
would be a failure, and the whole Treaty fall
through. He regarded the matter as a .solemn
farce, and could see no object in the Grovern-
ment's pressing the matter before it was known
whether or not the Treaty would be -arried out,
unleL j it was to secui'e what he may term " the
bribe" offered by the British Government. He
hoped that the matter would be postponed until
it was decided whether the Treaty really did
exist. The debate was then adjourned.

10. — The debate was resumed on the 10th by
]\Ir. Mills, who condemned the Treaty ; and was
continued on the I3lh, Uth, loth
and 10th, a vote not being
reached until the morning of
the ITth. No less than forty-six members
participated in the debate, of whom thirty-six
spoke in favor of the Treaty, although some did
n<it quite approve of the conduct of the
Government in the matter, but supported the
Treaty in the interests of peace aiul to preserve
Britii^h connection ; and thirteen against it. It
would be impossible in our limited space to
give a synopsis of each speaker's remarks ; we
shall, therefore content our.selves with giving
the names of those who expressed their willing-
ness to accept the Treaty ; they were, Messrs.
Gait, Howe, Gray, Hiniks, J. H. Cameron,
Power, Wallace, Coffin, O'Connor, Harrison,
Tuppcr, KiUam, Holton, Cartier, Campbell
(Cruy.sboro), Smith (Westmoreland), Chauveau,
Baker, Macdonald (Lunenburg). Street, Tilley,
Morris, Bolton, Macdonald (Middlesex), Thomp-
son, Merritt, Smith (Selkirk), Workman
(Montreal West), McCallum, Stephenson,
Schultz, Grant and Holmes. The thirteen who
sjjoke against the Treaty were, Messrs. Bodwell,
Connell, Magill, Oliver, Ross (Victoria), M. C.
("ajneron, Jones (Halifax), Dorion, Fortin,
Scatcherd, Anglin, Mackenzie and Robitaille.

Mr. IJodwell moved in amendment to the i
amendment of Mr. Blake, that all words after 1
"that" be left out, imd the following inserted, '
'' having regard to the existing dilierences
between the United States and (rreat Britain
concerning the proceedings necessary to give
eifect to the Treaty of Washington, it is
inexpedient to proceed further at this time upon '
the said Bill." On a division being taken on
this amendment — at 12.15 on the morning of ,
the 17th, — it was defeated 50 for, 125 against. ■
Hon. Mr. Blake's amendment was then put and
lost, 52 for, 124 against. The motion of Sir
John A. Maidonald for the second reading of
the Bill was then put and carried. 121 for, 55 !
against. Tn the Si-nate, the second reading was
moved, on the 28th of May, by the Hon. Mr. \
Campbell, who went over pretty nearly the ■
same ground already covered in the Commons.
Hon. Letellier de St. Just, leader of the ;
Opposition replied, attacking the Treaty, but j
said he did not propose tooffer any amendment.
Si)eeches in favor of the Treaty were made by
Hon. Messrs. Wark, Macdonald, Northup, Mac- j
pherson, Holmes, Carrall, Allan and Girard, and
against it by Hon. Mr. Dickey, after which the
bill was passed without di\ ision.*

* Vi;vs. — Mc.-sr?. Ahlidlt, AreliiMiiliiiiilt, Aiilt. IJuker. liiirllie. Jieiily, '
lieiiuhieii, l!elliM-M?e, ItciKpit, licrU-iiiiil, liLinehet, liullmi, lirown.
I!nMi»se:iii, liiirpee, ('iinu'roii (Iiiverne?*), Ciiinernii (Peel), (':iiii|iliell,
CiLiiint'. CaniiicliMel, Ciimn, Ciirlier, Cai-ler. Oiyley. t'hiiiive:iii. t'olliii'
('■■lliy, Crawfiiril (lirMekville), Cnuvl'iinl (l.eeil.*). Cnmlporliiinl, Ciirrier,
DiKiiist. lleC.;smus, liiLiinne (I'rnvenelier), hcibbic, llrew, Kiif.is,
l'ertrii.siin, l'\'nis, (iiilt, lliiiielier, (iiuulet. liendrnii, (iililis, (Irani. (I'riy,
linncr. Ilawir, llanison. Ili'iith. Ilincks, llcilnios, llnllnn, lliiiiBlilmi,
lluiliiri. Irvine, .laeksnn, .lnne« (Leeil;'), Keelor, Killarn. Kirkpalriek.
l..ieerte. l.anKuviii, LanKldis, l.aimrn, I.M\v.<iin, I.e \'i?eiintc, Lillli-
.Maoilimiilil (Kinirytnn), .MeDonald (Anlipmii'li), .Melloniilil (I.nn.^nliiiri-'l, |
MuDunald (Middlesex), iMa.^sen, (Scinlant'cs), .Mll^'8lm Terrolmrnie).
.MeCiillnni, .M;iedi>nwiill (Lanark), .Melicmirall (Three Uiver-). .Me(ireevy, j
.McdCeaitncy, .Merritt, Mutral, .Mnrrls, .Mdrrisnn (Niai-'arii), .Vallian. .Nel.-'nn, I
O'Ciiniuir, reiirsoiii I'erry. I'ieliard. I'in^'iinneanll, I'upe. I'nnlint, INiwcr.
Rii!'MCliain|.:Min), Ui.s.< (I)nnda.<), Ryii (KintV, X.li.). Kyiin (.N[inilri:il
West), .Savary. Selmllz, Serivor, Shaidy, Siinard, Sniitli (Selkirk). Smith
(We.-tiniirclaiuD.Siirnat.Steiiliensiai, Street, Sylvain, Tlioiniii'iai (Carihnoli
Tilly. 'ronraiiKean. Treinhlay, Tupiier. Walhiee (Allien), Wallace (Van-
eimver), Wal.-h, Wehli, Wiiileheiid, Willsnn, Wiirkmaii, Writrhl (Ottawa
Ccuinlyl.— U'l.

Nav. Messrs Anclin, lieidiard, Ulake. Iledwell. li.iiirassa, Tinwell,
Itiiwiiiaii, llrimii. Ganienin (llnrnii), Cheviil, Cnnnell. Couiial, lleluriae
(St. llyaeinihe). I'erion, KurliiT, Knrtin, KdnriMer.llenll'riiin. (indin, .loly.
.limes (llalil'as), Keiniil, .Maedimald ((ilennarry), .Mael'arhine, .Viaekenzie,
.Manill, .Mel'iiiikey, Meliiindall (Itenlrew), .Me.Munie.-, .Metealfi', .Mills,
.Mi.risiin (Vielnria, (Int.i, .Mnnn>c, Oliver. I'aiiiiei, VodeliiT, I'nzer,
Hedlcird, Uenand, Uiihit lille, liess (I'rinee IMwanl), K.iss (Vietoria,.\.li.).
Kdss (Welliimlim), Ilyinal. Si'atehenl, Snider, Stirton, Thnnipsim (llahli-
mand),'rh(nnpsMn(Ontarin), Wells. Whit.Mllalton), Whiti' (Ivisl Inislimi.-),
Wiiuil, Wright (Vnrk.Oiil). Vi)Uiik'.-5.5.

it to the
,'ords al'ter
T inserted,
liliereuces \
lit Britain I
•y to give j
on, it is
time upon '

taken on j
lorniiig- of \
1.3 against. '
■n put and
on of Sir
•ending of
21 for, 00
ading was
Hon. Mr.
learly the.
-'ommons.
r of the
•eaty, hut
londment.

made by
lup, Mae- I
irard, and !
A'hich the '

rllii\ lii'iily,
tun, liruwn,

I), Ciiiniibcll,
vcail. i'ollili'
Mill. CurrU'r,
rcw, hu^M?,
(Ir.int, lir...v,

n, llnimlilnn, |
Kirkpiitriok,
iiiilu. l.itllc.
(l.iiiKMiliiirir).
'I\'rroln>niic),
), .Mi'lin'cvy,
liiiii. Nelson,
iiliiit, I'owor,
II (Jtuiilri'iil

Ikirk), Smith
on (CiirilMioli
illiioi' (\'iin-
t:li( (dlliiwii

ss:i. liuwcll.
mI. Iiuliiniio
(ln,|in..lol.v,
..Miic'kcnzii',
i-iilf.', .Milli',

lilT, I'oZlT,
:t(irill.\.ti.)>

lison (lltitdi-

st lj!l.>lill|I.«),

(iOVI>:RXMF-:NT OP LORD USD AR— PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF 1S72,

,;ij

CHAPTER XXX,

(iOVKRN.MENT OF LOIM) LISCiA R— PRINCIPAL
KVKN'fS OF h ,2.

1. Dominion 13o.\rii ok Trade. Deepening
THE St. Lawuence Channel. — 2. Dominion
Board of Trade. Bay Veute Canal.
Pilots. Railways. — 3. Dominion Board ok
Trade. Proposal to form a Zollverein
WITH THE United States. — 4. Dominkjn
Board ok Trade. Tiik Zt)LLVEREiN idea
re.ieoted. — 5. do.minion board of trade.
Petroleum. Protection. Tariff. — (3. The
"Nine Hour" movement.- 7. E.ktensive

FIRES AND loss OF LIFE. — 8. TerRIRLE

Railway accident on the Grand Trunk.
Thirty LIVES lost. — J). Departure of Lord

LlSGAR.

1. — The first event of importance, taken in
chronological order, which occurred in 1S72,
was the second annual meetiii"'
of the Dominion Board of Trade,
which was opened in the Rail-
way Committee room, (Ottawa, on the 17th of
January, the Board remaining in session four
days. Representatives from fifteen Trade
Associations were present, and the President,
Hon. John Young presided.! The report of
the Executive Committee was read and adopted,

This WHS iin iniiisii.'illy liirec vole. ITU nii'inlicrs vnliiiK out of a lloiiso
of I'.M.iuul a I'aroliil aiiabsis of the vole shoH.s that not only iliil the
(iovcrnnu^iit have a majority I'roni each Province, but a majority of tlie
whole representalion of each I'rovincc, even if all alisenteus wereeonnio 1
as lieiiii; ill Ojipo.silion, as will lie seen liy ihe lolluwliiK tahle :—

Oonii.iion Iloaril of
Traile. Deepenini;
tlio .St. Lawreiiee
eiiannel.

r t

-^i£

'J*

-J

H2
tl."l

78
lil

I")

iii

111

211

tJiicljoi'.

Nuva Sontiii

1.')

l:i

.N\w Ilruiiswiok

l.">

l:!

111

•■)

(

.'t
i>

UritiHli CuliiinbiiL ■ . . . •

({

hil

170

121

(HI

tl'hc followiiiK is a lis; ot the ileleirates jiresent :—

iMoNTKKAi. IJ.iAiiii o|.' Thaiii:.— lion, .lohn ^■ollllif. Me.ssrs. IIiikIi
.McLennan, Thomas l<iiiiiner,,1ohn ilnilvy,.!. K. Thibamlcaii.

MoMHKAi. Chun lixrn vxuh.— Messrs. M. 1'. K.vani liilberl Scolti ■lames
iMcliongall, James Aikins, L. D. Morin.

after a short discussion in consequence of its
having embodied in it the resolutions i>assed l)y
the National Board of Trade of the Uniti^d
States in favor of a Commercial Union between
Canada and the United States; but tlie objection
to the report was withdrawn on the under-
standing that its adoption in no way committed
the Board to the resolutions i)assi'd by the
National Board of Trade. The election ol
officers for the ensuing year then took ])liice,
and resultt'd in the choice of Col. William Mc-
Giverin, of Hamilton, as President, who at once
took his seat. The first Imsiness considered was
the importance of deepeniim- the channel of the
St. Lawrence between (iuehei and ^lontreal
from twenty to twenty-four feet. A resolution
to the etleci *hat the Dominion Government be
petitioned to proceed with this work at once,
was moved by the Hon. John Young, seconded
by Mr. M. P. Ryan Hon. John Young ari-iied
in favor of the motion, holding that as 'arge
vessels reduced the cost of I'arrying, it was of
the utmost importance that the greatest possil)le
facilities should be afforded to the larger ilass
of oeeau-going vessels to reach the head of
naviuation, so as to lessen the rate of l'rt>iglit
from the West. He held that this was not a
subject affectinu' sectional interests alone ; but
was one of the utmost importance to the West,
as well as to Montreal Mr. H. Fry moved in
amendment, seconded by Hon. W. H. Howland,
that before deepening the channel of the St.
Lawrence the Government should proceed with

TiiKiiXTo BdAiiii III' TiiAiii:.— lion. \V. 11. Uowlaiiii, .Messrs. .lolin
Morrison, Holierl Spratt, Uolierl Wilkes.
I (liTAWi lliiAHii UK Thaiik.— lion, .laiucs Skcuil, Hon. Malcolm Cameron,
, Messrs, E. Mcliillivray, I). II. I'erry.

IJi KiiKr lIiiAUii 111' Thaiik —Hon. .1. 1'. itarneau, .Messrs. Henry Fry, A.
.losopli.
■ ."^r. .Iiiiix, X.li., liiiAiiii UK TiiAiiK.— .Messrs, S. I), lieilin, .M. Lindsay,
I R, .s. lleVelier.

' .*<T. llvAciNTiiK Board cik Tuahk.— Messrs. li. Chcval, 11. J, Uohurty, C,
LiiiKlicr-

Hamiitux Buuii) (IK TiivhK.— .Mes.srs. William .Mrllivcriiii .lames
tVatson.
lliiAMIiiliii liiiAiin UK Thaiik.— Messrs A. Watts. W. .1. [inlach.
I'ktiioi.ia UoAiiii UK TiiAiiK.— Messrs. K, 1). Kirby, W. .McMiillin.
hiNiMis lloAiiii UK TiiAiiK. — Messrs. Thomas Thompson, Thomas
Chaiu'er.
.Saiinia lluAHii UK Tkaiik — .Vlessrs. A. F. Howell, .lames KiiiK.
St. .luiixs, Q., BuAitii UK Thaiik.— .Messi'S. I''. (I. Marchaiul, K. K.
SmHh.
Sthatkuhii BuAHii UK Thaiik.- .Mr. P. H. .larvis.
Bki.i.kvii.i.k BuAKi) oK Traiik.— Hull. Koliorl Kou I.

i r

Mil 1.

HI:

344

TUTTLH'S HISTORY OF THE DOJIINION OF CANADA.

tho onlarucmt'iil ol' the Welland, St. Lawvenco
iiiid Ottawa caiiiils, as aii,vt>od on at the *ime of
Coiil'i'dcratioii. Messrs. Fry, Howland, Cameron
and otheis snpported the amendment, arguing
that the enlargement ol' the canals was a work
of more general importanee to the whole
Dominion and should ])e proceeded with lirst.
After some discussion in which the Montreal
delegates gen rally advocated the deepening of
the 8t. Lawrence channel, and the Western
men generally favored prcferen<e being given
to the enlargement of the canals, the amendment
; was carried by a vote of 18 to 12.

2. — On the following day, the 18th, the subject
of the ]5ay Vertc canal was introduced by the
i,,„„ini,„,i!„nr,i,.f ilt'lt'gatcs iVom 8t. Johu, N.B.,
Vimi I'iiMs^ " "' ^'I'l ^ resolution proposed to the
ii:,ihva>...' ,,j|-y,.t ^^.^^^ jf tj^g siivveys then

progressing were favorable, the Dominion
(jovernment should proceed with the work at
once. Hon. W. II. I lowland moved that the
words " as soon as our means will allow " be
added, and after some discussion the motion as
amended was adopted. Mr. H. Fry moved that
the Dominion Government l)e petitioned to
itmtnid the law relating to pilots, so as to make
the service more effective ; and also that vessels
trading to thi> West Indies and Xewfoundland
lie exempted from compulsory pilotage as well as
! vessels under 300 tons. After a short discussion,
in which several delegates complained of the
incapacity of several of the St. Lawrence pilots,
the resolution was adopted. The question of
railways was next discussed, and a resolution
was introduced by Hon. W. H. Howland, to the
effect that it was advisable that support should
be given to a new road to run direct from
Toronto to Ottawa, there to connect with the
North Shore and Northern Colonization Rail-
ways, thus giving Toronto and the West another
trunk line to tide water. After some discussion
the resolution was withdrawn.

3. — The Hon. John Young then moved,
" That it be an instruction to the Executive
iicmiiiiicm iiiMirii (if Couucil of tliis Board, to appoint
inriii II /.uiim niii a ueleii'ation to confer with tlie

\vitll the I liiluii _^ ' '. j^ • 1 p 1 vT • 1

!5i"ii.'«. Jixecutive Councif of the Nationaf

Board of Trade of the United States on trade
relations between the United States and the
Dominion." This gave the honorable gentleman
iin opportunity io express his views on the
subject of a Customs Union, or ZoUvercin, with
th(» United States, which he had bet^n advocating
for some time past, and which had ))een approved
by the National Board of Trade of the United
States at its last annual meeting at St. Louis,
and which was favored by a very small party
of annexationists in Canada who had gained a
little encouragement from the disregard to
Canadian interests by the Imperial Government,
as evidenced l)y the Treaty of Washington,
and the feeling of dissatisfaction which had been
raised in Canada by that Treaty. In advocating
his A'iews, the Hon. Mr. Young instanced the
success which had attended the formation of
the German Zollverein, and also the advantages
which had a( crued to the United States by
having Free Trade between all the States, and
to Canada since Confederation had abolished
the various rroviucial tariffs, and established
a common Custom House, with unrestricted
Inter-Provincial Trade. He held that a Customs
Union between the Dominion and the United
States would be of great advantage to Canada ;
would very much reduce the cost of collecting
the revenue, as it would abolish so many
Customs Houses between the two countries ; and
that it w ould not, necessarily, lead to a political
union.

4. — Hon. W. H. Howland was entirely
opposed to the idea of a Zollverein. He thought
that " if we put the management y,„„.„.„„ „„,^,, „f

of our commercial arrangements

Triiili'. Thu
/nllvcrciii idoii
rcjcetcil.

out of our hands, we must
necessarily put the Government of our country
out of our hands," and argued that a commercial
union with the United States would only be
the beginning of annexation. He referred to the
Munroe doctrine of " manifest destiny," and
said he was surprised while in St. Louis to find
how thoroughly impregnated with it the
Americans were, and that they woi\ld scarcely
listen to him with patience when he told them
that Canada preferred to retain her own

;cs on trado
ies iind the
e geiitloinau
'\v.s on thtf
rerein, with
I advocating'
en approAt'd
the Uuiti'd
t St. Louis,
small party
ad gaintnl a
isregard to
overnmcnt,
\rashington,
L-h had been
advocating
<tanred the
jrniation of
advantages
States by ^
States, and
I abolished
established
Mirestricted
a Customs
he United

Canada;
collecting
so many

itiies ; and
a political j

1 entirely I
'e thought

A-- ...,a'

'■m

'J' 11'

<J1 R

lidii Uoird of

■I'hc
ri'iu iiloii
I.

ir country
mmercial
only bo
rod to the
ny," and
lis to find
it the i
I scarcely
old thoni
her own 1

<M\

i I.

. Ii

■NAliA.

' : • huiiuiiiD:.

lich 'if 1. '

'iitt:; tUUc )».lt^l, UUd >v ' ' 1) 'iii I ■«'v 'I (';■
* . ij j>iu;iiu;il BoaM »l I'lule oi" till-
>lntos <»t it last anim.il ^!f•^■tinI^ sil h''

U -i il

:; -. from
1 r.-s«!i«iiuii p" .1".-

' Miat if t', .,a<-- ■

::iv')f;ibli.», ■;> ■' l>l, .

■•fwd V .. '

: . irul iij'i.iii iU(-T itie . havui«!; i

IIKril. ill ('rllVul;,

V'>1IUL

J.U.U ..:... .iiil--d i:

Mr Ji

t — "^

"■ ! itlltAV ■ be I o Oanad:.t

■' itii.tio'i iH ' th" various

>iU'10)l

■ lUiuiniiii v.uuid vtiTy mu'
.>... i> ,voIiafc !: tlic n.'venu''
!iort. d:s,'U83ion, ji ruHtoins^Hi i
ij'lisiiuod of <he|i th.d it won!'
i<avvyf;ii'o pil'itc. |; union.
'■''■■ !ii!i'sliuu ui'u 4. — Hot ^'
.olntion li oppn^w.1
land, X

ii 7.<,]\v

w • rn-v!

■ .i.-, ..11

lO bc^uiiiuir'-H aun.'xaiiou. iL' :
'liinrDe docniar o! •' mimife^l d^.•^|;
' 'u'! \ri;s ."MViTisfd vvliile in C^' '
' ho r<ii ::•!■;],• i!in)ri?£r!i;iti •

I ■,■,,.. : tliav tl-

ui ii'iu • ,1. nof \\ ji'ii ill

Cx: .1.. . . ■] p . .,..; :

i'ljt

(l()VK[{!^>rR.\T OF LORD lilsnATJ-PinNCrPAL RVKNTS OF 1H72.

;U5

autonomy, and not to ])o absorbecl by the Unitod
States. Hu concluded by moving in amendment,
" that in the opinion ol' this Board the ah ovations
in our trade rehitions with the United States as
proposed in the resolutions carried by the
National Hoard of Trade eould not be entertained
as lav as the idea of a Zollvereiu is coneerned ;
but we exi)ress at the same time our most
cordial willingness to negotiate with the United
States lor the purpose of relieving the trade
between the two iDuntries of all restrictions
interfering with the ligitimate prosecution of
trade so far as may be found bi'uelicial to the
interests of both countries." Mr. Morin, of
Montreal, spoke in favor of a Zollvereiu and
Messrs. Watson, Imlach, McLennan, "Wilkes and
others against it. In the course of his remarks,
Mr. Wilkes said, " A Commercial Zollvereiu of
two independent nations is not commercial
liberality ; but it is combined illiberality against
the other nations of the world." The discussion
was the most animated of the meeting, and the
expression of opinion was so generally against
the proposed Zollvereiu that Hon. Mr. Rowland's
amendment was carried without a division ;
after which the motion to appoint delegates to
attend the next annual meetinu' of the National
Board of Trade of the United States was
adopted.

5. — On the nineteenth a resolution was intro-
duced by Mr. Kirby, of Sarnia, tc the effect that
the Dominion Government be

Dominion Bonnl (if .... , , i j.i_ » i.

Traiic. , Potroi.'uni. petitioned to repeal the Act

Protet'tion. Tariff. . . ■ t i n o

imposing an excise duty oi hve
cents per gallon on relined petroleum, and to
substitute an inspection fee of lifty cents per
barrel. A long; discussion ensued on the
unsatisfactory working of the law as 't stood,
and the sum of one dollar being inserted instead
of fifty cents; after which the motion as
amended was carried, on division, by a vote of
18 to 17. The balance of the session was mainly
devoted to a discussion of the tariff, in the
course of which Sir Francis Hincks and Hon.
Mr. Tilley addressed the Board. In view of
the approaching session of Parliament and
changes which might possibly be made then, no

action was taken by the Board. The (juostion
of Protection was raised by the introdui tion l)y
Mr. Laimlier, of St. Hyacinthe, and )»y Mr.
Smith, of St. Johns, P. Q., of series of resolu-
tions in favor of moderate protection to home
manufai'tures ; but the subject was laid over
without debate. On the twentieth a memorial
to the Dominion Government was adopted asking
for the enlar<rement of the St. Lawrence Canals,
and the improvement of the Ottawa Kiver
navigation; and, after the customary votes of
thanks, the meeting adjourned.

*j. — During the early part of the year the
"Nine hour movement" — which was being
agitated in the States as the .,.,„, ,. ^.;„„|,„„^„
"Eight hour movement" — spread ""'^' ""'"
very generally over the principal cities of
Canada, and was adopted by the Trades Unions,
whilst " Nine hour Clubs ' were formed, and a
stronu' effort made to cause the hours of lalior
to be reduced from ten to nine hoirrs. The
" Movement " was only an attempt to get more
wages, made in the shape of an appeal for
shorter hours instead of a direct demand for
more pay, for the " Movement ' men required
that their wages should not be reduced, only
the number of hours a day that they wer^j
required to work lessened. Public meetings
were held in Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton and
many other places, and the question, on the
whole, fairly and dispassionately disciissed,
without any disorder or disturbance. The only
trouble which may be said io have arisen out of
the movement was the printer's strike in
Toronto, of which we ha^e already treated.
For awhile it was feared that a strong struggle
between employers and employes would result
from the movement, and, in some cases — as
with the master printers in Toronto — the
employers combined to resist the demands of
the men ; but no serious difficulty arose, in some
instances the employers yielded, in others a
compromise was arrived at by allowing a half-
holiday on Saturday afternoon, and, as times
grew hard and work scarce, the movement,
which was mostly the outgrowth of " good
times " and plenty of work, gradually died out.

Ill

'i1! .i;

!'"i;^ n

til

.'!i

■(, I

.•!Ki

TUTTLKS TIIsTol.'V oF THE F>OMIXIOV (»[•' r.WAOA.

! 11

We ctinnot <!'> hi-llfv (hnn introduce htTe Ihf
rciaarks imuli' on tliis snhjcct hy Lortl l^isiiiir ;it
till' f'iirt'Wi'll h;iii(|iii't uivcn him bi-lorc his
<li part live lur l']iiulaiul. '• lie liad licard appre-
hfiisjous cxprcssiMl ill mon- than oiif quarter
rcprt'soiitiiiu' Trades Unions and roniliinations
to di'iiiaiid hiulier \\ aucs. Jt was leaved that
these would retard the proj^ress oi' public works.
He thouuht these apprehensions need not be
indulged in. Combinations for demaiulinji'
hiLLli rates ol' waiios were seldom suecossrul
ex( ept aniouiist trades where the workmen are
lew and the centres ol' operation are limited in
number. In all other cases wauos tended to
liiid their natural level, and if the workmen
demand more than a i)roper rate theellert would
be to throw many of their number out of
employment. The intelliii'ence of the laborers
would soon liud this out, and roniliinations and
unions assisted them to llnd it out. They
should not. therefore, be put down either by
legislation or force so long as they abstained
from molestation of parties unwilling to join
them."*

7. — Quite a number of serious lires, some
attended with loss of life, oeeurred during the
early part of the year, the most

K.Ktl'll.iivo filC^ ilhd

xtensive of which broke out in
of the Royal Exchange Hotel,

the stable

Ingersoll. on the morning of the 7th of May,
and destroyed the best part of tho business
portion of the town — including tiie Niagara
District Bank and the Chronicle office — before
the ilames were subdued. Many families were
rendered homeless and two persons were killed
by the falling walls. The loss was upwards of
$800,000, only partially covered by Insurance.
The heavy loss was mainly attributable to the
lack of water works and the want of firi>
protection, and it was thought that nearly the
whole town would have been destroyed, but
for the timely arrival of the London Fire
Brigade which speedily conqiiered the lire.
Montreal had two extensive Hres, and many
small ones. The first large fire was on the
morning of the 27th of March, when the brass

•Torniilo iil'.l,c, 21st .hmc, h72.

foundry of Charles (larth and Sons, Craig Street,
was destroyed eausinu' a loss of about $')0,0()0,
on which there was only S-O.OOO Insurance.
The lire occurred at half past (me in Iho
morning, at which time (he water was shut off
at the reservoir, and it was nearly half an hour
before full pressure was on, by which time
nearly the whole building was destroyed. The
second lire was at the Victoria Straw Works on
the 4th of May, when damage to the extent
of about §20,000 was done to the Straw Works
and to the ^7«r newspaper. On the 2sth of
January lifteen houses were burned in the
village of Norwich, damaue to the extent of
|;]0,000 being done, and extensive lires also
occixrred at Whitby. Collingwood, Perth,
Coaticook, Elora and Ottawa. At Bradford,
Ont., on the loth of Janirary, the house of a
Mr. Tessier was burned and live jier.sons who
were in at the time perished in the Ilames. At
Stanibld, (Jue., on the J 6th of March, three
persons were burned to death and several others
lost their lives in small lires at various places.
The most destructive lire, however, as far as
the value of property destroyed was concerned,
oe .rred in Toronto, on the night of the 14th
of Fel)ruary, when the greater portion of the
Iron block on Front Street was l)urned,
involving a loss of nearly $400,000. This block
consisted of eleven line stores, and had only
been erected in the fall of 1871 at a cost of over
$130,000. Eight of the stores, with most of
their contents, were destroyed, and several other
buildings were damagi .:.

8. — The morning of the 22nd of June Avas
marked by one of the most appalling railway acci-
dents which has ever occurred

in Canada, by which twenty- i';;;,';,';,'.'/. "" ""^

TorriMo niilwuy
111 the
ink. Thirty

four human beings were hurled ''*'" '""'
into eternity with scarcely a moments warning,
and forty-five were wounded, six of whom died
shortly after, and many A\ere maimed and
crippled for life. The No 3 Express train of
the G-rand Trunk, going East, left Toronto for
Montreal shortly after seven o'clock on the
evening of the 21st of June, and all went well
until about one oclock on the following

|;:ii

(lOVKKX.MKNT or L01M» LISdAFI— I'JMNCII'AL KVKNTS <)l>' ist72.

:i47

whtMi, as the train was iicarinii"
Shamioiivillc, about flcvfii miles from I5cllt'ville.
thi> llaiiu't' (if <ini' dl'tlu' front wlici'ls of thi-cnuiiic
hruki' ami tin- locomotiM- '• jumped tlu' track "
dranuini'' the Nuiokiii^- ear and liie se« ond class
car with it. In the second class car were three
families, and ahout lift y-h ve lumhermen — mostly
French Canadians — many of whom had Ix-en
employed fellini;' poles for the Dominion Tele-
UTaph C<mipany. Almost immediately after the
engine left the track it tumbled down the
embankment, which was about eight feet deep,
the smoke stack and part of the boiler projecting
inwards towards the track. The smoking
and second class cars, which were next to the
engine, telescoped and run on over the boiler,
in their course knockinu' the safety valve off
and allowing the whole Ixidy of steam to
escape into the second class car, which had
lalleii over on its side. The scene which
ensued was appallinu'. I'enned up in the
crowded car and unal)le for some t'?rrible
moments to make any elibrt to escape, the
untortunate passenu'ers were fiiirly boiled It)
death or sutlbiated by the hot steam. Fortu-
nately the two lirst class cars and the I'ulhnau
which completed the train, did not leave the
track, and beyond a shaking their occui)ants
were not hurt , they were, tlierefore, at liberty
to help the sufferers, and there being a (iiuintity
of crowbars, which the lumbermen had been
using, in the baggage car, no time was lost
in breaking into the telescoped cars and
extricating those who were still alive. It was
found that twenty-four were either dead or sr
injured that they died almost immediately, and
of the forty-live who were scalded or had limbs
broken, six more died in the course of the next
few days. Thi' sull'erers weie taken to Melleville
and an inquest held which resulted in a verdict
that the disaster w'as caused by the breaking of
a llange and was purely accidt>ntal, the Company
not beinii' in any way to blame. This, however,
was not satisfactory to those who were always
ready to lind fault with the Crrand Trunk, and
throw blame, justly or unjustly, on the manage-
ment of Mr. Brydges, and a cry of a " white-

washing" verdict was rai.sed which induced
Attorney-General Crooks, of ( )nlario, to order
another in(|uest (o lie iield on one of the wouiuled
men, who died alter the lir.-l imjiiest was closed,
and thus reopen the whohs emiuiry. Nothing
more, however, canu' of this ini|uesl than the
lirst, and no l»lame could be atlaciu'd to tlu'
Company for what was pur«'ly accidental, and
no foresight on its part could have prevented,
it. — In jiroroiiuing Parliament on the 14th of
June, L(trd l..isgar bade farewell to Caiuida —
and indeed his successor was i,,.|,,,,.,„r,, ,,, |,„p|
already on his way (o (Quebec — '■'"-'"•
but bi'fore his departure he was entertained at
a i)ublic dinner in Montreal. The dinner was
given at the St. Lawrence Hall, and al)out one
hundred and lifty sat down, amonust them Sir
(leorge E. Cartier. Sir Francis lliiu:ks, Hon. Dr.
Tupper and other Ministers; Sir .A. T. Gault,
IJeutenant-Goveriiors Doyle, of Nova Scot ia, ami
Wilmot, of New IJruiiswick, C(»nsul-treneral
Dart, Hon. L. H. Holton, and many other
leaders of lioth the ureat political parties. In
returning thanks to the toast of the evening,
Load Lisiiar brielly reviewed the proii'i'css of
Caimda diiring the three years he had admin-
istered the Government, and referred with
pride and pleasure to the great and important
chang".s which had taken place since his arrival,
the acquisition of the North- West ; the paciii-
cation of Nova Scotia: the erection of the
Province of Manitoba and the restoration of
order in the Red liiver country ; the admission
of Ih-itish Columbia; the signing of the Treaty
of Washington, and the jiromised building of
the Paciiic Railway. A vast change had taken, i
place in the Dominion, and he couiiratulated
her on her progress so lar and augured well
for her future. He sailed from Quebec on the
twenty-second, taking with him the good wishes
of the peoi>le, but not very deeply regretted,
for without havinu' been unpopular, he had
never become a very popular (tovernor. His
administration was marked by many important
events, as enumerated above, and he had done
his duty conscientiously and well, to the
satisfaction of His Sovereign and in a manner

I '■

;!-is

Tl'TTLE'S IILSTORY OF TJIK DO.MINIOX OF CANADA.

Iiifi

\m\

' li

arct'i)i;il)l(' to the hulk of the pt'Oi)U' ; but ho
awoke no ciitliu.siasni, such as was t>\ okcd l)y
his sxicct'ssor, and is mostly rt'int'inboi'i-d as "a
good old man.""

CllAJ'TER XXXI.

CioVFIjy.MKNT OF TIJKFAULoF OrFFFRIX—
I'iiiXCU'AL KVKNT.S OF 1S72.

1. Al'PDINTMEXT OK LoKD Dui-"FEUh\ KATIIEK
A DlSAl'rclNTMENT. — 2. I'liEVIOUS SKRVU'ES
OF L(lKl) DUFKKIU.V. — •']. Ar1!IVAI. AND UE-

CFi'Tto.N (IF Lord Duffkiux. — 4. Visits to
(JrFHKc AND Ontario. IIis Excem-ency^s

roin-LAiMTV. — 5. DiSTUHIiAXCE l.V OTTAWA

ON T)iE 12th of July. Fiueak.ms used.
U TuiJNiNci the first sod of the North
kSiioRE liAiEWAV. — 7. Marine Disasters.
Losses of ijfe and property. Seizures.
s. J)ecision of the Emperor of CrERMANY
on tiif, San Juan roundary question. —
'.». Till-: Canadian tea.m win the Koi-apork
Cup. — 10. The lii'izooTic. — 11. Extensive

FIRES IN towns AND CITIKS. — 12. CaHINKT

cHANoEs. The state of the Country.

1. — Siniiular as it may now ap[»('ar, in the
lii^'ht of al'tt'i' ovonts, the appoiiitmeut ol' the
Eavl of Dutleiiii as the successor
of Lord Lisgar in the Governor-
Generalship of the Dominion
was not welcomed with any degree of enthu-
siasm in Canada, although it was generally
reii'arded as a good appointment : and the general
and wide-sjiread poi)ularity whieh that noble-
man achieved during his six years residence
amongst us, and the feelings of love and atl'ection
which he inspired in the hearts of Canadians of
all rreeds and classes, was due entirely to his
own intrinsic worth, and his admirable adminis-
trative (tualitie ; nnd not to any i)reliminary
llourish of truiuM'ts heralding his coming.
Indeed we rathei think that his a))poinlment
partook somewhat of a disappointment to many
Canadians, for it had been suggested at the time

.\i.i.Hiiiiiiii'iii ..r

l,nnl liiin\'rin imiIiit
:i ili<;i|)|H)itillnfi.r.

of the marriage of the Marquis of I^orne and
11. U. ][. t'u' rrin.ess Louise, (21st March, 1871),
that he should Ijecome Lord JJsgar's successor,
and H. 1\. H. the Duke of Edinburgh had also
been mentioned in this counection, so that the
appointment of a gentleman who, however
distinguished in England, was almost unknown
in Canada, and whose very name was strange
to the great mass of the people, while it was
received with satisfaction, gave rise to no such
feelings of enthusiasm as it was afterwards his
I'ortune to evoke in every part of the broad
Dominion in wliich he appeared.

2. — The Earl of Dullerin is descended from a
nol)le Irish family, and was born at Florence,
on 21st of June. 182(J. He was ,.,,,;„„,,,,,,,,,„,.
educated at Eton, and Christ i'"«ii>''ff^ii"-
Church. Oxford, and succeeded to the title in
1.S41, while still in his minority. In 184!t he
was appointed a Lord-in- Waiting to the Queen,
a post which he held until 18o2, under Lord
John liussell's administration, and again filled
the same oilice from 18.")4 to 1858, on the return
of his party to jjower. In 18.30 he was created
an ICnglish 15aron and took his seat in the House
of Lords as Lord Clandeboye, where he attracied
some attention, especially by his speeches on
the question of the tenure of land in Ireland
and the relations of landlord and tenant. In
l<S;j.") he accompanied Lord John Iiussell as an
utlachu to his special mission to Vienna, and
dis[)layed such iidministrafive ability, that, in
istJO, he was appointed by Lord Palmerston
British Ctnumissioner to Syria to eiujuire into the
massacres of Christians which had been taking
place, a task he accomplished with so much
satisfaction to the Government that ln' was made
K.C.li. lor his services. In 1804 he was
api)ointed Lord Lieutenant of the County
Down, and the same year took the i)ositioii of
Under-Secretary of State for India, which he
held until 18(10 when he became Under-
Secretary for AVar. In the same year ho was
oll'ered the Covernorshii) (jf liombay, but
declined on account of his mother's health.
On the return of the Liberal party to power in
Deceml)er 1808, he was appointed Chancellor of

I'ifl

Kl ': ! ! I

(iOVHIJX.MKNT OF TIIK KARL OF DCFFEUIX— PIJINCIT'AL KVHNTS OF 1872.

:!4i)

the Duchy of Lancasstor and Paymaster, which
he retained until his appointment as Uovernor-
General in April 1S72. Lord Dutl'erin had been
over twenty years in public life at the time of
his appointment, and had gained such favor
with the leaders of his party, that on the
assassination of Earl Mayo, Vico-lioy of India,
he was generally spoken of as thi' sxxceessor of
that unfortunate nobleman ; Lord Northbrcjok
was, however, given the Governor-Generalship
of India and Lord Dvill'erin sent to Canada.
Previous to his departure he was entertained at
a public dinner at l>elfast, where he delivered
what may l)e called the iirst of his Canadian
speeches, in which he displayed an amount of
knowledge of our all'airs, and a study of our
resources and re([iiirements which was highly
gratifying- to Canadians accustomed as we had
been to the appointment of Governors who
came to us knowing little al>out our needs or
aspirations and left knowing less. Lord Dutl'erin
labored \ind(>r the disadvantage of being
appointed by the Gladstone Administration,
which was highly unpopular in Canada on
account of its avowed policy of letting the
Colonies "shift for themselves," and for their
surrender of Canadian interests l)y the Treaty
of Washington ; aiM^ his having l)een a member
of the Government caused at Iirst a slight
suspicion that he may have been appointed for
the purpose of carryinsi' out some Imiierial
project, for the total separation of the Dominion
from the Mother Country, but such a fear soon
passed away and His Excellency developed
sucli remarkal)le power as a Constitutional ruler,
that he ros(> rapidly into public favcn- aiul before
the end of the year had already become one ol'
the most popular Governors who have over
represented Her Majesty in British North
America. Canada has very little cau.se to be
thankful to the Gladstone Administration, but
we have to thank it for the apiiointmcnt of the
Earl of Dutl'erin, an act which went a long wiy
towards removing the soreness which the with-
drawal of the troops, the AVashington Treaty,
and the jfossiltle abandomaent of the Colonies
had caused.

;i. — Lord Duli'erin sailed from Derry in the
Allan steamer, Prussian, on the 13th of June,
and arrived at (Juebei', on the , , ,
2.') th, where he was met by Sir o' '-""i i'"'i-^n.i.

John A. Macdonald, Sir Francis Hincks and
other members of the Cabiin>t ; Sir Hastings
Doyle, who had been sworn in as Administrator
of the Government during th*' brief period
I'lapsing l)ctween the dejjarture of Lord Lisgar
and the arrival of the Earl of DuU'erin ; Sir
Narcisse IJelleau. Lieutenant-Governor of
Quebec ; Hon. Dr. Blanchet, Speaker of the
(Juebec Legislature ; the Mayor and Aldermen
of Quebec, and a large asscmblau'e of citizens
of Quebec and other cities. 1 lis Excellency was

: at once sworn in as Governor-(it>neral of Canada
1>y His Honor Chief-Justice Meredith, aiul was
afterwards presented with addresses from the

i Corporation, the Board of Trade, the St. Patrick's
Society and the Literary and Historical Society.
On the following day His Excellency and Lady
Dutl'erin visited the Caini) at Point Levis, and

, then left for Ottawa, which place he reached on
the evening of the twenty-.seventh. and was
received by the Mayor ami Corporation, who

j presented an address, and representatives of the
various National and other Societies, by whom
addresses were also presented. After a brief
rest at the seat of Government to recover the

I effects of his voyage. His Excellency set about
can-ying out that policy of visiting all portions
of the Dominion and making himself familiar
with the people which subsecjuently endeared
him to the pul)lic heart. Military cami)s were
then being formed throuuhout the vari<ms
Provinces for the usual annual drill, and such

' of these as were convenient His Excellency
determined to visit. On the 1st of Jul , he left
Ottawa and visited the camps at Preseott and
King.ston, and then i>roceeded to Montreal,
where he arrived dU tlie third, and on the
'"•llowinL;' day visited the camp at Laprairie.
( Ml his return to liie city he was presented
with an address by the Mayor and l!orpora-
tion, and the same evening leit for (^uelx't'.
where lie spent a few days as the guest of Sir
Narcisse Belleau, and then proceeded to River

a I

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sil!li||l!ii

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TUTTLK'S IILSTORY OF THE DO.MTNION OF CANADA.

clu Loup, Avhere he passed Ihf iioxt two months.
4 —On tho ^Oth of Anguf^t Hijs Excellency,
accompanied by Lady Dulierin, relnrned to
vi-iiM..ouei,e.' Quebec and remained there until
Kxidirn,.!''; '"' the 2:Jrd oi' September. It was
"'"""'"'"■*■• here that he inaugurated that

system ol' generous hospitality and I'amiliar
intercourse with all cla.s.si of the i^eople
which so markedly distinguished his aduiinis-
tration IVom that of many of his predecessors.
MixiuLi' I'reely and fully with the people he was
appointed to rule over, lie soon learned to feel
and think with them; and while never for one
mom(>nt forgettini'' to ixphold the dignity or the
Noble Lady he reiiresented, he speedily identified
himself with the aims and aspirations of those
around him. Educational institutions early
attracted his attention, and he freely visited
those establishments in Quebec, being careful
to make no distinction of creed or race ; and,
indeed, during his whole term of office he so
.•skilfully giuded his conduct in this respect that
not even the most sensitive or the most bigoted
could take offence. From Quebec their Excel-
lencies ])roceeded on a tour through (hUario,
arriving in Toronto on the 24th of September,
where they were received by Lieutenant-
Governor Howland and members of the ].,ocal
Government. Their Excellencies were escorted
from the depot to Government 1 louse by a torch-
light pi-ocession, and on the following evening
a grand ball was given by the Lieutenant-
Governor in their honor. On the 2tith their
Excellencies visited Hamilton, and attended the
Provincial Fair, where they were w^elcomed by
more than 40, OHO people. On the following day
they returned to Toronto \\ here a more formal
reception was accorded them, and the usual
addresses presented, while the city fairly outdid
itself in the way of triumphal arches, di'cora-
tions, &c. The next week was 8i)ent at Niagara
I'alls, from whence His lixcellency returjied to
Toronto for a few days, and on the 10th of
October jtroeeeded (o London to attend the
Western Fair tlien being held in that city.
l'"rom London he went to Petrolia, and from
theme returned to Toronto, where he remained

imtil the 2Sth, when he went back to Ottawa.
While in Ontario he pursued the same politic
course he had adopted in Quebec, visiting most
of the public institutions, especially educational
establishments, and cultivating the same friendly
relations with the people. The balance of the
year w^as spent at Rideau Hall, with the
exci^ption of a Hying visit to Montreal on the
21st of November, to attend the unveiling of a
statue of Her Ma,jesty whi^h had been erected
in Viitoria Stpxare. His Excellency, at the
recjuest of the Committee, delivered the address
formally presenting the statue to the City of
Montreal, and also made a -liort .speech in
French which was most enthusiastically re-
ceived. We have thus hastily sketched the
course of His Excellency during the first six
months of his sojourn amongst us to show how
thoroughly and heartily he entered upon his
duties from the moment of his arrival ; and it is
safe to say that before the expiration of those six
briefmonths he had made himself more thorough-
ly at home and had become much more popular,
than many Governors-General have in six years.
5. — The 12th of July this year was marked
by a disturbance in Ottawa which has, unfortu-
nately, proved but the fore-run- ... , ,
ner of many other disturbances I,'",i\\Vy,''''i'i'i'c-amis
of a similar nature on that day ""'^'
in Montreal and other portions of Canada. On
this day the usual Orange procession was
expected to be ]iarticularly imposing, as the
corner stone of the new Orange Hall, at the
corner of O'Connor and Queen Streets was to
be laid by the Grand Master of the Provincial
Grand Lodge of Ontario, and several Lodges
from neighboring ninniei])alities visited the city.
The procession was to have taken place in the
morning, but owing to an accident having
delayed the trains, it was postponed until the
afternoon, and it was (piite late when it moved.
When the procession was passing through
Lower Town a little diiiiculty arose between
some of the pro<'essionists and some lookers on,
and stone throwing commenced, which was
(piickly followed by several pistol shots and
more volleys of stones. Fortunately the officers

ida. Oil

ion was

■, as th{>

1, at the

was to

ovincial

Lodges

thiM'ity,

I' ill the

having

iitil the

moved.

(iovi:]{XMi:NT or tuk E\m> of dufpkrin— principal evhnts of ist2.

ol" the Societies were able to restore order before
any more serious damage than a few cuts and
l)ruises from stones was done ; liut ibr a few
minutes the excitement was intense and the
dauger of a serious encounter between the
Orangemen and the Catholics imminent. The
trouble was said to have arisen from a drunken
man throwing a stone at the procession, and
another account credited some l)oys with caus-
ing the disturbance by throwing mud balls, but
whatever was the cause the elfect was to show
how dangerous it is to allow party proi'cssions :
of any kind in a mixed community where what
is one man's pleasure is another's pain, and it
would have saved much bloodshed and ill-feeling
if this premonition had been regarded and party
processions altogether abolished.

6. — A.n event which although more particu-
larly important to the I'rovince of Quebec was I
TnrninK ti,. t\m Y''^ o^' ^'ouslderable interest to ,
North Shore ^^6 whole Dominion, took place i

iiaiiway. ^^ Quebec on the 18th of July. ;

when the first sod of the North Shore Kail way
\vas turned. This road (which is not yet quite !
completed at the time of writing, 1878) was
intended to form, in conjunction with the
Northern Colinu/cation Railway, (now open from :
Montreal to Ottawa and known as the Quebec,
Montreal, Oi: i\va and Occidental Railway) a
grand Trunk line connecting Quebec and
Montreal with the Canada Pacific Railway at or
near its proposed terminus at Lake Nipissing ; ;
and it was expected that this road running |
along the north shore of the St Lawrence and of •
the Ottawa would open up an immense tract of
new country and prove even more beneficial to '
the Province of Quebec than the Grand Trunk !
Railway had to Ontario. It is not our purpose i
to enter upon a history of this great undertak- j
ing in this place ; suJhce it to say that the project \
was one in which tht> whole Province felt
peculiar interest, and that the opening ceremo-
nies at Quebec were attended with much
display. A very large assemblage gathered at
the spot which was to be the city terminus of
the road, amongst whom were representatives
of the Dominion and Local Houses, and after

the benediction had been pronounced by Arch-
bishop Taschereau and the enterprise formally
l>lessed that Prelate, who was dressed in lull
canonicals, took a pick-axe and broke the earth
with it. Madame Cauohon (wife of the Hon.
J. E. Cauchou, Speaker of the Senate and
President of the North Shore Railway Company)
then turned the sod with a silver spade, pro-
vided for the oi'casion, and throwina" it into a
wheel-barrow it was trundled away by her
husband, and the ground declared duly broken.
After this, the navvies set to work and ploughed
about half an acre, and the work was fairly
inaugurated. A grand banquet was then uiven
at which addresses were delivered by the Hon.
J. E. Cauchon, President of the road ; Hon. P.
J. O. Chauveau, Premier of Queljec. and others.
7. — The year ixl'l was an unfortunate one
for ocean-going A'essels trading to or from
the Dominion, and the annual
report oi the Minister ot Marine i,..s^('s of iiiv im.i

1 -n- 1 ■ u i-u i mi I'f'l'crt.v. Seizures.

and Fisheries shows that 221
accidents were reported during the year,
involving the loss of 220 lives and the destruc-
tion of over $2,000,000 worth of property. The
loss was particularly great amoimst vessels
carrying cargoes from the >'^ Lawrence, and no
less than six grain-laden steamers which left
Montreal in the fall were lost, in some cases the
crews being lost also. These \essels, as is the
case with many others, were ])uilt for coasting,
or for trade in the Ualtic or Mediterranean, and
were totally unfit to weather the severe storms
of the North Atlantic in the fall. Another very
fruitful source of loss was the overloading of
timber-laden vessels by piling up deck-loads to
the height of (5 or 7 feet, and so great had this
evil become that an Act regulating the carryinii'
of deck-loads was introduced and pa.ssed at the
session of 1873. The navigation of the lakes
was attended with comparatively little damage,
and the lo.ss of life was only seventeen. The
whole number of casualtit>s reported to the
Department of Marine and Fisheries was sixty-
nine, of which twenty-one were steamers, thirty-
six schooners, six l)rigan tines and ])arquantines,
and six barges. The estimated loss was about

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III

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;!52

TT'TTT.KS iriSTORY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

$450,000. Only two seiziiros were made of
American A'essels inlVinging the Fisheries
]aw.s— the En C. sA/.od on 20th of May.
and the James Bliss seized on the 18th ol' June.
l>oth A-essels were caught fishing within two
miles of the shore, and their masters pleaded
that they thousht that the Treaty of Wash-
ington "was in force and that they had the right
to fish where they pleased. The vessels, were
bonded, but the sureties were not pi'oceeded
against, the Act givinu' eft'eet to the Wash-
ington Treaty being passed while the cases
were pending.

8. — One of the qi;estions which it was part of
the object of the Joint High 'ommission to
r, . . r ,, settle, and which that Commis-

Pccifion Ol the

nil'X"s«i]''.iu'an"''''*' '^^f*" delegated to some one else
bo,.,i.L,r> „uc.<ii..„. ^Q adjudicate on was decided, on

the 24th of October, in favor of the United
States. It will be remembered that by the
Treaty of Washington the Emperor of Germany
was appointed Arbitrator to decide the question
of the North- West water boundary at issue
between Great Britain and the United States,
nlore commonly known as the San Juan boun-
dary question. The case of each Government
wiis submitted (nirly in the year, and, on the
6th of July, the Emperor appointed three Law
( (flicers of the Crown to take the case into
lonsideration, and report upon it; and on the
24th of October the Emperor gave his decision,
declaring that the American claim that the De
Haro Channel was the one through which the
boundary line should pass was most in accord-
ance with the true interpretation of the T 'aty
of 1S40. Thus another and important section
of Canadian territory was surrendered to the
United States through the bungling of the
Imperial Treaty-makers, who neither considered
the worth of the sections of country they cut
oil' by the stroke of a pen, nor the value and
true interpretation of the words used in per-
forming the operation. It i.s a curious lact
with reference to all the treaties made between
Great Britain and the United States, that, after
the lapse of a few years, when a doubt can with
decency be raised, they are always found to

contain some other meaning than the one
they were supposed to convey at the time of
signature', and that tln' new interpretation is
invariably more favorable to the United States
than the old one. Both the Canadian and
English journals were dissatisfied with the
decision, as it placed the key to British Colum-
bian waters in the hands of the United States,
and would greatly cripple England's power on
the Pacific coast in the event of war ; but the
Treaty specially stipulated that the decision
was to be final and without appeal, and, there-
fore, we had to put up with it, although neither
pleased nor contented.

9. — An event which caused not a little pleasure
throughout the Dominion was the winning of
the llajah of Kolapore's Cup at

.,_^. , ,' , 1 ,, ji t' The Caiin'Hiin team

Wimbleton by the Canadian »in tiie K.iiaimro

. Cup.

team, on the 13th of July. This
cup was offered by the Rajah to be competed
for annually by one team from the Mother
Country, one from India, and one from so many
of the colonies as choose to send representatives ;
and was contended for in 1871 by the Canadian
team of twenty against a team of twenty picked
from the highest scorers of the three Inter-
national teams of the United Kingdom, the
Canadians being beaten. In 1872 it was not
considered exactly fair to engage the whole
Canadian team, as that left them no reserve to
fall back upon, while the English reserve was
practically unlimited, and it was therefore
decided that only eight men on each side should
compete. The Canadian eight selected were
those who had made the best average scores at
Atlcar and Wimbleton ; but the opposing team
comprised the " crack " shots of the English
and Scotch teams, and it was not supposed that
the Canadians would have any chance of
winning. To the great surprise of the spectators,
however, the Canadians fired with unexpected
coolness, steadiness and precision and carried
olf the i)rize by a scon^ of r)32 to 524. The
result called forth many complimentary notices
from the Engli.sh press, and Canadian papers
were loud in their praise of the team, som(> of

them

far as to suggest that the

(iOVEEXMKNT OK TIIK KARI- OF DrFFHRrX— PfllXGIl'AIi H\ FXTS oF Istl'.

:!.■):!

The Kpizcntii

Dominion .should pay the expense of sending a
team to Wiuiblclon annvially. a susigestion,
howevei, which was not adopted.*

10. — Early in October a peculiar di.sease made
its appearance among.st the horses in A'arious
part.s ol" the Dominion and eau.sed
very con.siderabie inconvenience
and some loss. The disease first assumed
formidable proportions in Toronto, where as
many as six hundred horses wi-re reported ill
at the same time. In Ottawa over three hundred
were ineaparitated for work, and the street ears
were obliged to cease running for want of
propulsive power. In Montreal traffic was
almost entirely suspended for several days ;
more than three hundred horses were laid up in
the stables of the City Passenger Railway
Company ; the majority of the hor.ses in the
Grand Trunk stables were ill, and the moving
of freight had to Ite suspended, whilst amongst
the carters and in the livery and private stables
about every other horse was unlit for work. It
was estimated, on the 17th of October, that there
were fifleen hundred horses sick with the
epizootic, and ox carts were in som(> instanees
resorted to for moving goods. The disease
spread to the Lower Provinces and caused great
inconvenience in Halifax. Although very

'Tlie tnlli.winir is tlio sonre of tliu two tcims. I.'ikcii ri'mii the Loiulou
Ihiitii T. Iivnuili . 'i( l.'>tli.)iil.v l'.7i

Caxaiia.

2INI ."ilK) lilK) Totiil.

yils. yils. yds.

linniH'rSlmnil,NoviiS,...tia i! S) 21! 70

I'liviiti' l-Vniiis..ii,'-'ii,l Iliill.ii.T 1! ii 24 21 D',)

liiiarlcrmiKtcr Til. mils,. ■.tth li^ilt 22 -> 21 M

lOiuixii .IciliiisiHi. Ni'w linmswii'k 21 21 211 tW

I'riviiti' licll. lillli Koviils, Tiiniiiln 20 2.") 22 i!7

Ciiiitiiiii Willi, IJ. T. IliitMiU' 21 22 20 (i")

Conporiil l.iirkiii.ikiiil lliitt 21 21 2ii iV>

Assistiiiil Siiitfeiiii Aikiii,-'t7rli Hull 2;i 17 20 ill)

532

Knm.ami.

PriviitcCiirtis, I.St Siissux • ■■ 21 21 2il 71

(-'iiriiiiml Ciililwiill, l.s| Koiiliriv 21 22 2.'i OS

Seiwiit .Mi'\'i'y, I'.illi Luiiiirk 22 22 2.! 07

I'l-iviili' Wyiill.l.llli .Siilo|i 20 22 22 01

Priviite eiMfk, 2iii| IC.Iiiiliiiii{li 22 27 l.i 114

('.irpiMiil \Viilhi..i.,2ii.l IvIiiiimrKli 21 21 17 01

.Mr. llimnl, 7ili Suiiiursi'l 21 2.'! I'.i 0:1

KiLsign Smyth, loth liiiiiiirk 21 20 10 Oil

troublesome and annoying to the horses it was
not fatal, whi-re taken in time, and very few
deaths occurred in proportion to the num})ers
attacked. As very <old weather approached
the disease died out.

11. — Canada was almost entirely free during
the latter part of 1872 from the destructive bush
fires which .so freciuentlv devas- ,. , • „

' .' KvtiMisive hri'S iii

tate her noble forests; but the i"»„saii.idtk.,s.
Imi-c King was unusually active in the towns
and cities, and very large losses of [property
were caused, accompanied in some cases by loss
of life. On the morning of the 17th of July a
fire broke out in the Central Hotel, Pictou, N.S.,
which spread rapidly to the nei^ hboring build-
ings aiul for awhile threatened the whole town
with destruction ; the arrival of the New
Glasgow Fire Company, however, put a check
on the llames, but not before seventeen houses
had been burnt, and damage done to the extent
I of $311,000. On the morning of Sunday, the
I 28th of July, a fire occurred in the druu- store
I of Mr. Georgt? Mortimer, Sussex street, Ottawa,
which speedily communicated to the tobacco
store of Mr. Nye and other neighboring build-
ings, a numl)er of which were destroyed, and
, damage done to the extent of >>1;30,0(I0. Over
the store of Mr. Nye resided a family named
Evans, and Mrs. Evans and a serva)it girl were
burned to death. The next fire of imi)oiianee
oi'curred in Mitchell, Ont., on the morning of
the 24th of August, destroying the Post and
Telegraph Offices, Oddfellows llall, and a dozen
other buikUngs, the whole valued at $1(10,000,
on wdiich there was only $lo,000 insurance.
Two days after the largest part of the l)usiness
portion of Orillia. Out., was laid in ashes, the
damage l)einn' estimated at |100,(i0o, on which
there was very little insurance. Next in order
was the destruction of the magiiilicent St.
Patrick's Hall, situated on Victoria Sipiare,
Mmitreal, on the morning of the 2nd of October,
involving a loss of a quarter of a million of
dollars. Thii- handsome building was unfor-
tunate; the roof lell in shortly after it was
completed and involvi'd a heavy cost to replace
it, and although the stores under it were let, it

A:^ ]

l! I

il:»'l''

!.:ii 1 y

iff

j,J

354

TrTTLES IIISTOHY OF TIIH J)OMlXlON OF CANADA.

1:: ; !

:im

had novor paid wtdl as an invostmeiit, and,
IhiMvtbrt', (hi> Si. Patrick's Hall Association
docidcd voi to vcbnild — although pressed to do
so l)y the Si. I'litrick's Society — iind the land
was sold and handsome stores erected on it. On
the 0th of December several busine!?s places in
Oshawa, Ont., were burned, loss $")0,000 ; and
on the niiiht oi' the twenty-sixth, a lire broke
out in Windsor, Ont., which did $40,000
worth of damage, and would, probably,
have destroyed the whole town, had it not
been lor the timely arrival of the Detroit Fire
Brigade.

12. — Only one change took place in the
Cabinet during the year, caused l)y the appoint-
ment of the Hon. Mr. Morris
■iiir''?.iie!'.'i''Ti'ic to the Chief Justiceship, and
subsequently to the I.,ieutenant-
(rovernor.shii) of Manitoba. Hon. Mr. Morris"
l)lace as ]\''nister of Inland Revenue was taken
by Hon. Dr. Tupi>cr, President of the Council,
whose place was filled by the Hon. John
O'Connor. M.P., for Essex, who was sworn of
the Piivy C ouncil on the 2nd of July. There
were. Iiowever, some indications of impending
change, as Sir George E. Cartier went to
Enaland on 2nd of October, for medical advice,
with his health so injured that it was
i'eared he would not return alive — a T^ar which
was verilied the next year ; and Sir Francis
Hincks was said to be anxious to resign, a rumor
which came tnie the following February. The
general election which took place during the
fall considerably weakened the Government,
but of that we shall treat in another chapter.
Commercially the year was a prosperous one,
th(> crops were good, trade was active, and the
people generally happy and contcited. Still
towards the end of the year some indirations of
the coming " Hard times " were to be found in
the stringency of the money market, and a
perceptible increase in the numl)erof failures;
in short, the Dominion had passed through the
cycle of exceptional prosperity upon which it
entered at Confederation, and was about
entering a corresponding period of unusual
depression.

CHAPTEK XXXII.

(lOVFHNMIlXT OF TIIR K.\ Rb OF DPFFEIMX—
TIllKIHNlJJ.Mi KLKCTIOX OF 1S72.

1. Dissolt'tionofParijament. "Whits issued

FOR A GeNKRAI, Ei.ECTIOX. — 2. CHANGE OF

FEEiiiN(} IN Ontario. Defeat of the

GoVER.XMENT. — 3. SiR JoHN A. Ma('IX)NAI,D'.S

CONTEST IN Kingston. — 4. Defeat of Sir
Francis Hincks in South Brant. — '). The
result in Queuec. Keductidn of Govern-
ment MA.TORiTY. — (i. Defeat of Sir George
E. Cartier. — 7. The result in the Mari-
time Provinces. — 8. Re.mark.s o.n the
result.

1. — The last session of the hrst Parliament of
Canada closed on the 14th of June, and th(>
House was dissolved bv Procla- ,,. , .
mation on 'he loth of Julv and J'"';'''!'!"'"-,,"''''-^,
writs for new election issued, ''■'^■^■"""•
returnay)le on the 2nd of September excei)t in
the cases of Gasjic, Chicoutimi, Saguenay,
Manito})a and British Columbia, writs for which
places were returnable on the 12th of October.
Preperations for the contest had been going on
for some time prior to the dissolution, and the
campaign was opened on the part of the
Government at Peterboro' on the 9th of July
whtMi Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Francis
Hincks were entertained at lunch and delivered
addresses on the topics of ila day. On the
Liberal side the cami)Mign was opened by Hon.
Mr. I)lake in South Hruce, and by a dinner to
Messrs. Holton and Dorion in Montreal. Sir
John and Sir Francis made a tour together
through Ontario addressing large audiences at
Hamilton, Brant lord, London, Chatham and
other places : and Messrs. George Brown, Blake,
Mackenzie and other Liberal . leaders akso
" stumped '' the Province very extoisively.
The change in the election law had restricted
the voting to one day, but the voting was sti''
optm and as the law did not require all the
elections to be held on the same day, as is the
case now, the Government followed its usual

(JOVERN.MKNTOI' THH KAIJL OF i)rKKKI!IN— TIIK (iHNKRAL KLKCTION (W 1ST'.'. IJ.V.

course and issxu'd writs first for tiiose places
wliere their success was most assured. The
lirst election held in t)ntario was on the 24th
ot July, at Ottawa, when Messrs. J. M. Curier
and J. B. Lewis were returned by acclamation.
The first election in Quel)ec was held on the 25th
when the Hon. J. H. Pope was ri'-eleeted by
acclamation lor Compton. Xominations now
I'ollowed last and l)y the end of the month four
supporters of the 'lovernnient had l)een
returned by acclamation in Ontario, eight in
Quebec, and one in New Brunswick.

2. — This, however, was but a momentary

success for the Administration, for the tide

soon beii'an so turn auainst them

CliaiiKC "I' fccliiiK in ■ ,^ . i ■, ,i i

ihiinrio. DeicMt (if in Outario, aiul it tluMi became

llii' liiivcrniiii'iit.

evident that they would have a
hard struggle to maintain their majority in that
Province. The contest was exceedingly bitter
and prosecuted with great energy on both sides.
but although money was used very freely the
CTOvernmeiit had lost favor in Outario, and the
result was that it lost its majority in that Pro-
vince. It must be remembered that at the
General Election of 1867, Ontario was strongly
Reform, and that it had given its support to the
Macdonald Administration not as a Conserva-
tive but as a Coalition Ministry to carry oixt
Confederation. At that time there was no
issue before the country except the consuiuraa-
tiou of Confed'nation, and that Ontario had
supported; but in 1S72, although there was no
great question at issue, the Government was
put on its trial for its conduct during the live
years it had been in j^ower, and the verdict of
the people was against it. There were various
causes at work to eiii'ijt this result, foremost
amongst which may be noted that during that
live years the complexion of the Government
had changed, and it wa'- no longi'r a Coalition
composed of the leaders of both parties, but
almost purely Conservative, all lecent vacancies
having been lilled with members of that party,
and the old members of the Cal)iiu't who
entered it as Liberals having become so identi-
iied with the Conservative interest that they
were no longer recognized by their old party. ,

Then the Local Government had uiulcriione a
change, and a Reform Administration had
taken the place of the f>andliel(l Macdomild
C!oalition; and as two members of thai Crovt rn-

' meiit (Messrs. Blake and Mackenzie) were tlie
leaders of the Opposition in the Commons, they j
naturally took with them much of the inlluence

■ of the Local House in the Dominion contest.

' Another point against the Government was the
Treaty of Washington. The jieople of Ontario

, had set their hearts upon getting a rencwul of

! the Reciprocity Treaty, and had coiinted upon
the Fisheries to get it for them again iisthey had
before; and when they iound that the Fisheries
had been given up without Reciprocity — except
in iish and iish-oil, wliich was of no advantage
to them — they revenged themselves on most of
the Ontario members who had supported the

I Treaty by refusing to re-elect them. The
troubles in the North-West had also consid-
eral)le eii'ect on the elections, the Orange vote

' being very largely alienated by the failure of

! the Government to take any steps to avenge

' the murder of Scott, and this feeling was con-
sideriil)ly increased by the action of the Local
House in oli'ering a reward of >;•"), 000 lor the
arrest of the parties guilty of that loul act.
These wer(> the principal inlluences at work,
but there were others, such as a f'cling of
alarm at the gigantic public works to which
the Government was pledijed ; the increase of
the cost of Government; and, to a small extent,

I a little dissatisfaction at the repeal of the
slightly protective duties which had been
placed on American produce.

;j. — The lirst contested election in Ontario was

at Kingston, where Sir John A. Macdonal'.l was
opposed by i.i'r. John Carruthers,

' ' , , •' , . ,, ,• 1 Sir. I. .Ill, A.

a wealthy and iiilluential mer- Mm,.! ii.iv> tr.-t

•^ . ,. ill l\illlI.-i|iHI.

chant. Ihe opposition to >ir
John in 18(17 had been almost nominal, his
oi>ponant, Mr. Stewart, was not a stroim' man,
I and his caiididaturc was looked on as annoyin'-i'
more than anything I'lse, and, eonseiprently, lie
only obtai'ied 142 votes out of the very light
poll t;f 8/7 (the number of voters on the rolls
was 2,284 ) ; l)ut the condidature of Mr.

l!il

I' I

f < '

I i

:i, t'' f I

l^'^\

•i5(5

TPTTLR'S IIISTOIJY OF TlfR DOMINION OF CANADA.

Canutlu'i's \v;is a very dillbront inuttor; ho was
j till! sti-oiiuvst miiu thi' ill ronii imrly coxild liud
in Kiniistoii ; he wms liiyhly respected, .a lavffi'
employe!' oT l;il)nv, iiud a resident — one ol' the
I great cries iigainst 8ir John being that he was a
non-resident, — and the whoh' strength ol' the
IJelorni juirty was used to comi>ass tlie defeat ol'
the leader ol' the Government, it being evident
that snch a result would seriously alFect other
elections in Ontario. The Nomination took
])lace on the 2oth ot Jnly. and was attended
with muth disorder. When the candidates
attemi)tcd to address the crowd they were inter-
rnpted by shouts and yells, and the annoyance
became so great that both candidates lost temper
and engaged in a personal encounter on the
platl'orm, which was sjieedily put a stop to l^y
mutual friends. The cont-;;~t throughout was
coiulucted with much vigor, and on the day of
polling, the 1st of August, the excitement was
intense. In spite of the most strenuous efforts
of the Opposition, however, the n-sult showed
that Sir John still retained his hold on the
affections of the Kingstonians, he being returned
!)y a majority of 131 out of a total vote of 1,:!:)9.
4. — Another contest which excited much
attention was that of Sir Francis Hiucks,
Minister of Finance. Sir Francis

OetVat of Sir rniiifis i i , i i i i. -»-t i

iiiiuksiiiSdiitii iaad l)eeu elected for North

liriinl. II ,.

Iventrew by 120 majority over
Mr. Findlay, when he accepted a seat in the
Cabinet in October, 18(39 : but so strong an
opposition had oeeu raised against him in the
Riding that it was thought most prudent to find
another constituency for him, and accordinclv,
he was nominated for South Ih-ant. Mr. A.
Watts, who had been previously mentioned as
a candidate, retiring in his favor.* The principal
cry raised against Sir Francis was that he did
not belong to Ontario at all, having for many
years resided in ^lontreal, when not out of
anada altogether, and his financial policy was

• Tlic> .V.iiV in annniuK'inc the Ctovprnnient Ciindiiliitc". on tlio liith of
.Inly— lit tlie siimn lirno thiil it iinnotuii'o.l the diH.ioltitinn of I'iirlinmont—
L'Mvc tlie iiiuiip of .-^ir Kriiiici- ji'i tlic iiinnini'i' for North lieiifrcnv. Imt on
thi' followiiiL' .hi.v tlic iminc of Mr. I'eter While, iiin. iiii|ieiirei|, iiiiil on
the mill, it «M^ .■'t.iteil lh:it Sir Kr.inei.- woulcl run in ."^outh Hrnnt.Mr.
Watts hiivinir retired.

also very severely criticised, especially his IJank-
ing policy. The election took place on the 19th
of August, when he was defeated l)y Mr. T.
Patterson, by a vote ofl,:!78to l,H'd. Sir Francis
was subsequently returned for Vancouver, B.C.
Amongst the other prouunent Conservatives
defeated in Ontario were the Hon. J. H. Cameron,
in Peel; lion. Aquila Walsh (one of the
Intercolonial Kailw^ay Commissioners) in North
Norfolk ; Mr. Walter Shanly in South Gren-
ville ; Mr. Ualton McCarthy, in North Simcoe,
and the Hon. William Macdougall — who,
although sometimes voting with the Opposition,
was ranked as a Mhiisterialist — in North Lanark.
Altogether the Government was thrown into
a minority in the Province, and the Globe
exultiniily exclaimed of the result: ''The
|! election of 1S72 has reversed the verdict of

5. — Iv. Quebec there was also some reaction
against the Government, but not so o-reat
as was the case in Ontario, „, , . „ ,

' Tlie result in (Quebec.

the Government maintaining a J|,'i'v",'.'ii|||!„'|',',
majority, although somewhat '""■""">•
reduced. Here, as in Ontario, th(> troubles in
the North- West played a conspicuous part, but
ill a reverse manner, for, as in Ontario, the
Government was blamed for not punishing the
murderers of Scott ; so in Quebec they were
blamed for not proclaiming a general amnesty
and freely jiardoninu' Riel and others for the
murder. Another su})ject which operated against
the Government was the New Ihninswick School
question, which really told more against the
Government in tjuebec than it did in New
Brunswick. The cry, of course, was that
Parliament ought to have advised the Governor-
General to exercise his power and veto the New
Brunswick School Act (See Chap. xxv. par. viii),
and that the FriMich members from Quebec who

\ had voted with the Government on that ciuestion
had sacrificed the interests of their co-religionists

j in New Brunswick to the exigencies of party.
The strongest cry, however, was that raised by
the Parti Nntionale, that the interests of the
Province had been surrendered at Confederation

: by admitting the principle of Reiiresentation by

GOVEIi'NMKNTOF TIIK KAIMi OK DCFFEJIIN— TIIK (IKXFI.'AI, KIJlC'I'loM ol' 1S72. ;:r.7

l>()pialatioii, and using- it to the disadvantage of
Qnebcc. The I'ait that the re-distribution of
seats whiih had lollowed the census of IHTl,
and which was made during the session of 1S72,
had given six more representativ-s to Ontario,
one to New Brunswick, and two to Nova 8eotia.
while the niiml)i'r from Quebec remained at
sixty-live, \vas used as an aniiiinent that Quebec
had been injured by the terms of Confederation,
and the claim was set up that Quebec should
i have the same number of representatives as
Ontario, irrespective of population — as was
the case before Confederation. Added to this
there was a little soreness about the Treaty of
Washington, and a slight disposition towards
annexation amonust asmall eli(iue. which helped
against the Government, whose majority was
considerably, but not materially, reduced.

(i. — The greatest interest centered in the elec-
tions for Montreal West, and lilast, and Quebec
Centre. In the former the Hon.

li. CiirlRT.

itCDrni'

John Young oppos"d Mr. G. A.
Dri;mmond, the Government candidate ; in
Montreal East tSir Geo. B. Cartier was opposed
by Mr. L. A. Jette, aiul in Quebec Centre, Jlon.
Mr. Cauchon, who ran as an Independent, was
opi)osed by Mr. Koss. In the Western Division
of Montreal the contest assumi'd very much the
character of a struggle between Protection aiul
Free Trade, with a small dash ot annexation
thrown in. The Hon. John Young was an
advocate of Fret^ Tradi", in its widest sense, and
had for some time past been favoring the idea
of a Customs Union with the I'nited States,
which was generally regarded as being only tlie
entering wedge of Annexation. Mr Young
was one of th(> oldest and most respect(>d citizens
of Montreal, and had undoubtedly done much
to build up the city by advocating the deepening
of the St. Lawrence Channel, and other schemes
for the improvement of its shipping facilities.
Mr. Drumniond, on the other liand, was a partner
in the large sugar relinery of h'edpath & Sons,
giving employment to several hundred hands,
and was an ad\'ocate of moderate Protection,
This was the first instance since Confederation
where Free Trade and Protection were fairly

I pitted against each other as an issue, and Free
Trad.' certainly had the best of it, for on Election
Day, the :2sth of August, the lion. John Young
was returned by a majority ol' &2<\ having had

, 2,140 votes polled in his favor, to his opponent's
1,:520. In Montreal I'last the contest was all on
one side, as Sir Georne Jv Curlier was ill in bed

I and could take no part in the contest, which

I was carried on by his opponent on the grounds

I already stated. Mr. Jette was Solicit ir of the
Seminary of St. Sulpice. and as such, was sup-
posed to have the inlluence of the Church on his
side; and certainly he had powerful inlluenees
at work in his favor, for he was returned by a
majority of 1.2S2, out of a total vote oi 4.2'. 8.
The defeat of Sir George was (piite unexpected,
and was generally attributed to the wish of the
Church to punish him for his coivduct in the
New Brunswick School Act and Ked River
Amnesty questions ; and there is no reason to
doubt but that these two (questions were the
cause of his defeat. Sir George was afterwards
elected for Provenchv'r. In Quel)ec Centre the
feeling between the Irish and French ran very
hiuh and the meetings of the rival candidates

: were very disorderly, culminating on election
day, till' oth of August, in a row in which one
man was shot. Mr. Cauchon obtained a majority
of 108, mostly obtained by bullying and intimi-
dation.

7. — In the Maritime Provinces the Govern-
ment gained considerable streniith. and the last
vestige of dissatisfaction at Con
federation were totally swept
away in Nova Scotia. It will be rc'membered

, that at the General Election of 1807 the only
candidate in favor of the Union who was
elected was Dr. Tupper ; biit, since the change
of policy of the Hon. Joseph Howe, and his

' acceptance of office under Sir John A. Mac-
donald, public feeling had gradually been
improving, the Anti-L'onfcderate Local House
had been defeated. Union ca;ididates had larried
all I he elections for the Commons, and the
majority of the members of that House who
had been elected to oppose C<ni federation had

j so far modified their views that they generally

rill' ri-iilt in till'

M,ir:ltiMU' I'l-'ivillr

I ^:\ ' i

-n :i (■

l.i :^li

Iti i

XtH

Tl'TTLK'S IllSTOlfV OK TIIK DO.MIXlo:; OF CAJS'ADA.

supported the Clovcnimcut. Tho result ot the
t'lcction was. thi'icloiv, as clfiin a swci'i) I'or tlio
GoviTumt'iit us i( had btvii lor the Aiiti-C'on-
rcdcralcs ill IsilT. Mr. Church. Luncuhuri"',
ln'iiiii- tlie only pronounced Opi>ositionist who
was eloctod. in New Brunswick, also, the
(roverninent was strenntiiened, gaining Four
seats, and only two gentli'nien — Messrs. Angliu
and C'onnell — who wore likely to strongly
opi>ose the (rovernrneut were returned. In
Manitoba and British C'ohinibia supporters of
the Government were returned.

8. — Taking the returns as •,„ whole, therefore,
i the Government ol' Sir John A. Macdonald was
I n..m.rksnn(iu. sustuiued, but it experienced a
'■'■""' • severe shaking, and the defeat

of two mernbers of the Cabinet and the loss of
a majority in Ontario very materially weakened
it: whilst the questionable means resorted to to
maintain even the majority retained opened it
to the attf.ck of the Opposition, which led to the
retiremei.t of the (uivernment in November,
1m73. Tiie actual loss was about one half of the
majority which the Government had during the
session of l!S72. On the vote on the second
'eading of the Treaty of Washington the Gov-
ernment had a majority of (IG, which m \y be
taken as its nuiximum strength ; and on the ote
on Mr. Huntington's motion, on 2ud April, 1S73,
charging the Government with having sold the
Charter of the TaciHc Railway to Sir Hugh Allan
— which is a strict party vote — the Govi'rn-
ment was only sustained by 31 out of a vote of
1^3, so that it is a safe estimate to say that the
Government had half of its majority shorn from
it by the General Election of 1872.

CHArTEK XXXIII.

.tiOVF.nX.MKNT OF TIIK K.^lil, OF DCFFKKIN.
FlUST SK.SSION SECOND L'AllJJAMFLXT, 1S73.

1. Ol'ENINGOFrARI.I.V.MENT. ThE Sl'KECH FROM
Tin: TlIKO.NE. — 2. WksT rEXERHOKO' ELEC-
TION. — 3 The KiHsT Divi.sioN. The Govern-
ment SU.STAINED BY 16. — 4. ThE MusKOKA

EI.Ei'THiN. — ■'). West PkTEKUi •!{(•' El.Et'TION.
Hon. Mr. IIlNTINcirn.N's MdTlD.N. — tj.

Ke.mai!ks ii.n the Opposition tactics. — 7.
ilii.N. Mr. Mackenzie citiTnis'.s the Speech
FuoM THE Throne. — 8. Petitions for a

rROHIIMTOUY 1 iQUOK LaW. — '.». PROTECTION
OF NAVIOAItLE STREA.MS. — 10. AcT FOR PI!o-
TEr-TlON OF NAVKIAHLE RIVEliS PASSED. — 11.

Act pas.-<ed ahomshino dual depresenta-
TioN. — 12. Confederation of the E.mpire.
— 13. The BiixiET.— 14. Derate on the

BUD(iET.

1. — The llrst session of the second Parliament
. of Canada was opened by the Governor- |
General in person on the liftli of „i„.ninKnf '

1 1 March, 1873. The weather was ^::!';!;£<; ,, „,^

' most i)roi)ilious, being clear, "'"■"^■- j

I bright and mild as sprinu-. and the scene was ;
enlivened by the first appearance of the Gov-
' ernor-Genevals Foot Guards, a detachment of
which corp.s, under command of Captain Tilton
, acted as a guard ol honor. His Excellency
! having caused the Commons to be summoned
to the Senate Chamber dismissed them until the
, next day to select a Speaker, and then returned
I to liideau Hall. In the Senpte the Commission
of the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau as Speaker was
read and the prescribed oath of office taken by
i him. In the Commons the usual oaths were
M administered by Mr. Alfred Patrick, Clerk of the
!i House : and. after the return of the members
from the Senate Chamber, Sir John A. Mac-
donald proposed the Hon. James Cockburu,
membiT for West Northumberland, as Speaker. !
In doinu' so he j^iid a tribute to the efficient
manner ni which that gentleman had performed
his ardiious duties during the last Parliament,
and said that in again proposing him he was
following the system which obtained in England
that after a Speaker had performed his duties
satisfactorily he should not be capriciously i
changed at the beginning of each Parliament.
No opposition being oliered, Mr. Cockburn was
unanimously elected and took his seat amid
much applause from Ministerial benches. On
the sixth His Excellency again attended at the

:;i:ii,!i I

(iOVKRN.MKXT OF KARL DUPKKHIN— FIFWT SESSION SRCOND PAUMAMKXT, 1873. M5i>

Senate Chanibov, and the Commons lieinu'
summoned and thf Spcakt-r liavin<i' announced
his eK'ction, rarliamcnt was formally opened by
the Speech from the Throne, After the usual
alh;sion to the state of peace in which the
l']mpir<' was, thesjx'eeh announced the grantinu'
of a Charter for l)uildinii' the racific Kailway :
the completion of the surveys, &c., for the
enlargement of the Wellaiid canal and for the
construction of the Kaie Verto canal : and the
success which had att ded the i.nmii>ration
policy of the Government. Attention was called
to the approachiuii' completion of the statistii'al
portion of the census, and the establishment ot
a Bureau of Statistics sugaested. A new Election
Law and also an A<t relating to Controverted
Elections were promised ; as well as Acts rela-
ting to Pilots, Salvage, Merchant Shipping,
Criminal Law, Weights and Measures and the
amendment and consolidation of the Inspection
Laws. An Act was also promised readjusting
the olHces of the Secretary of State and the
Secretary of State for the Provinces. In conclu-
sion, the Houses were congratulated that " the
linances of tht. Dominion are in a prosperous
condition, and that thore is no reason to doubt
that the revenue will })e sudicient to meet all
contemplated charges upon it."

2. — On returning to their chamber, the
Commons adopted a motion that the Speaker be
\v..s. ivierimio' empow(>red to issue a writ for
'-■''"^"""- an election in Quebec to lill the

vacancy caused l)y the appointment of Hon.
P. J. O. Chauveau to the Speakership of the
Senate ; and another, that the address be
considered on Monday, the lOth. Hon. Mr.
Blake moved that the Clerk of the Crown in
Chancery be instru<ted to be present with the
returns in the elections in "West Pererboro',
Muskoka and South Renfrew, as he (Mr. Blake)
desired to raise a question ot privilege based
on those returns. The returns were produced
at once, and on the following day, Hon. Mr.
Blake raised his question of privilege as follows :
'• That it ai)pears by the poll-books, and other
papers transmitted by George Burnham, the
Returning Officer appointed to conduct the last

election for West Peterboro', that two candidates.
John Bertram Ks(|., and William Cluxton Esq.,
were nominated. — that a poll was demanded
granted, anil taken — that at the clo.se of the
lioUing the said John Bertram had the largest
number of votes, having reieived 74.') votes,
while the said William Cluxton received only
705 votes, and that notwithstandinu the said
Iketurninii' Oliic er has not declared and returned
(he saitl John Bertram as duly elected, but has
dei hired and returned the said William Cluxton
as duly elected. That the said William Cluxton
has not taken his seat in this House. That the

I said John Bertram ouuht to have been returned
as mi'mber for Wi>st Peterboro" in this Parlia-
ment, and that the said John Bertram has a
right to take his seat in this IIous(>, as member
for West Peterboro' .savi..j however to all

' Candidates and Electors their right of contestinti'
the said election, if they think proper in such
manner as may appertain to law and justice,
and according to the usage of Parliament. '"
In this case the Keturning Oliicer stated, that
on the day of nomination, 10th of Auuust, he
had demanded from the candidates their (jualili-
cations* that Mr. Cluxton had handed in his.
but Mr. Bertram had not, and that, therefore, he
had declared Mr. Cluxton elected, "on the
ground that he was the only Caiulidate who

I comjilied with the provisions of the otJth and

I 37th sections of the Consolidated Statutes of
Canada.''

I 3. — Hon. Mr. Blake argued in favor of his
motion that it was manifestly to the interest of
the House that every coiistitu- ..,, ,. , ,. . .

J 1 lie first ilivi>ic)ii.

ency should be represented in '.;|''i"||",'i™j.

I the House; that the representa- '""''■''"■
tives were, for the most part, elected by the
majority of the voters ; that " no less than torty-

I seven membtM-s were elected under fourdillerent
sets ot electoral statutory provisions, which
differed materially from the electoral laws under
w^hich the remaininu- members of the House
were returned ; that many candidates were

• Cuiiiliiliites tor C,,e llutise ni" C'-mttintis frniii Oiitiirio wcrr tln'ii
reciuiri'il t" i|Ualil'- to tlic valiii' nf i;.5(KI yt^ 'I'lu' Iiiw lni> siiiii' lieuii
cliitDKfd iirnl iii> ■..rn|n'rt>' >|iiiilitic.-iti<Mi is now rt'tiuir'.'il-

I CI'

}

■1 ''*>%

U-lk

;}(!0

TrTII-rs HISTORY OF TirK DOMiVFOX OI' TAXADA.

ii'iioiant ol' tlif rcciuin'mi'iils ol" llic lii\\,iuul
that where il wiis .shown tliiit m <aiKlitlato had
rt'(ci\ I'd a iDajniity ol' llii' \(ili's. and had duly
(jualilicd,* 111' sliould not lose liis fieri ion
Ix'causi' tlii'ic liad been sonu' liltlo inroriaality
in the nomination. He rlaimed that il was
pi'opi'i- loi- llie Hou.si' to lal-'c >i[> till' niattiT and
deal with it .suniniarily in.st.'ad ol' leji'i'iiny it to
the ('omniitti'c on Privileges and Kleitions and
i|Uoted precedents Iroiii hoth iMiiilish and
Canadian praetit e in support of liis ariiiinient.
rfir John A. Maedonald contended (iiat the
House was not the proper i)lace lo try the ques-
tion. A Comniillee on Privileges and I'^lections
was appointed lor the express [)urpose ol'
removing all such yuesdons honi the arena ol'
party politics and placing them bel'ore a tri-
himal which should consider them with all the
impartiality oi' a Court. He would not enter
into the merits of tlie question as he held that
the i>roiier i)lace I'or that was Ijel'ore the Com-
mittee, which Committee, he promised should
be struck as soon as the Address was adopted ;
and he moved in amendment that the i)apers in
the case be referred to the Committee on Elec-
tions and I'rivileii'es, with instructions to rei)ort,
without delay, "on the pro[)er and legal course
to be adopted with retiard to tiie said Return,
in order that the rights of all i)arties concerned
may ])e duly protected."' The discussion was
continued by Me.ssrs. Carter, Palmer, Hiucks,
Howe and Mathieu in favor of referring the
question to tlie Committee ; and ])y Messrs.
Huntington, Blain, Scatcherd, Mackenzie, IJod-
well. Prevost, Caiichon and r)lake in lavor of its
beinii' decided by the House. Hon. Mr. Mac-
kenzie moved an ami'iidment to the amendment
of Sir John A. Maedonald to the eflect that Mr.
Bertram should be declared duly elected I'or
"West Peterl)oro' and entitled to take his seat,
which amendment was lost on division by a
vote of 79 for. !».") against The amendment
oll'ered l)y Sir John A. Maedonald was then
adopted l)y a vote of 95 for, 79 against.

4. — The Returning Officer for the County of

• Mr lU'rIriiiii sent in hi.' (■citificiilc (if quiilitiiMliiiii tu tlio Kuluriiiiii;
Ofl'ioer on the ^iid <>( August, two du>» alter the elfutioii.

Muskoka, Mr. Kichard James Bell, made a special
return to the ellect that he was i,,,, m,,,!,,,!,,,
unable to make a return in con- «'»'■"""•
I'ormity with the terms of the statutes, I'or the
reasons that the poll-ljook for the township of
Morrison had been lost, and no imll clerk having
been iii)poiiited, lie was unable to o])tain the
allida\its re(|uii-e(l by law in the case of a poll-
book biin'.i' lost ; also, that in the district of
I'arry Sound, the poll clerk, Mr. John Wilson,
had been found incompetent, and a Mr. John
I'oley had acted in his i)l;iee without being
sworn. On the JOth of March Hon. Mr.
Blake called attention to this return, and made
a motion which, after recounting the circum-
stances of the case, concluded, " That the Clerk
of the Crown in Ciiancery do forthwith amend
theretitrn for the I'^lectoral District of Muskoka,
by inserting therein the name of Alexander
Peter Cockburn, Es(|uire. as havinu been duly
elected for the said District." Mr. Iilake .said
that the returns .showed that ii5J votes had been
polled for Cockburn, and 580 for D'.A^r< y Boulton,
givinu- Cockburn a majority of 1 22. In Morri.son
the vote was, Coikl)urn .'iJ, Boulton 3 ; and in
Pa-.ry Sound, Cockburn S4, Boulton 19; so that
even throwing out the vote of these two places
Cockburn would have a majority of 2('), and he
claimed that he ought to be admitted to his seat
at once. Sir- John A. ^lacdonald said that
althouiih he was opposed to the House dealinii'
with questions of this kind, still, the circum-
stances of the case were so dill'erent from those
ol" the West Peterl)oro election, that he should
not oppose th(» motion, }mt he hoju'd that the
House would pass an Act which would prevent
this case being used as a precedent , Mr. Blake's
motion was tlien carried.

5. — On the isth of March the Committee on
Privileges and li lections rejwrted on the West
Peterboro' case to the ell'ect that
whereas the Iveturninii' Officer

West I'Lierlinrii'
i:ic,-ii.Hi. ll..ii. .Mr.
Iliiiitint:t«>ir..j

had returned William Cluxton """""■
as duly elected, and it did not appear that he
was either disqualilied, or ineligible to be |
(dected, or an improper person to sit in the
House, they were ot opinion that the House

ludoaHpt'cial

1' .Miisk.ikii

I'IImm.

Uti's, lov the

township of

•It'i'k Imviii^'

ohtaiii tlu>

•*t' of a poll-

' district of

i>hii Wilson,

II Mr. .loliii

liout bfiiig

Hon. Mr.

I, and madi?

the tircum-

t tho Clerk

vith amend

•f Mu.skoka, j

Alexander

been duly

lilake .said

es had been

vy lioulton,

n Morrison

3 ; and in

11': so that

two i)laces |

-0, and he

to his seat

said that

ise dealinii'

le circum- j

from those '

he should i

d that the ;

d prevent

Ir. ]}lake's

iinittot> on
the West

L-ierIinr<»'
II. Hon. Mr.

IKtnn'H

♦^

. /

<h|

)>i-

1.1,..

-m:

'■l..t!»

ir that he
le to be
it in the |
le House

X-

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lil.'U' !,

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' I It

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T*--'--rri I

-H-'

rNGRWlO UPHESSLV fOR lU'Ilt S HISfORV OF IH[ DOMINION

lMiBLlHi4Nn D!SRAR*i; LlIHO COWP'

■. ,|

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(iOVEIi'XMKNT OK KAIiL DrKI'KIJIJ^— FIRST SKSSION M'.COXD PARLIAMHNT, is:,!. .•{(Il

ought not to di'clare liiin not ontitit'd to his
.scat; 1ml that l\u\ case .should be left to bo
dealt with under the rontiovcrtcd Elections
Act, il' any petition was made ag-ainst his
roturn. Mr. Huntington nuivud, 'That the
Report ol' the Comniiltoe on Privileges and
Elections eoucerning the Ueturn ol a Member
to this House I'rom the electoral district ot'AV»'st
Pet 'rboro' be not concurred in, but that it be
resolved, That this House deems it necessary
to protect the interests ol (he ICleclors generally,
and particularly those ol' West Peterboro' by
securing to the Candidate who has received the
majority ol' votes, his seat in this House, and
therelbre deems it proper to ad in aciordance
with the proceedings of this House on the 10th
of March, instant, in causing the return i'rom
the IClecloral District of Muskoka to be amended
by inserting the name of A. P. Cockburn Esq.,
the said A. P. Coekburn having had a majority
of votes oast in hi.--, favor, as shown by the
Kelurn made to this House, and in conformity
with this precedent, and the precedents in the
Parliament of the Province of (!anada in the
Oxford case, the Kent case, the Beauharnois
I'ase, the Bagot case, and the Lennox and
Addington case, to assert its jurisdiction, to
maintain its privileges, and forthwith to redress
the greivances and llagrant violation of law and
duty, apparent on thi> papers which has been
committed in declarir.g the Candidate, who
received a minority of votes, to be duly elected ;
and thi House declares that John Bertram Esq.,
having, according to +he rt'turu made to this
House, received 74o votes, while William
Cluxton, Esq., the other Candidate, received
only 70.') votes, should have been returned as
member for West Peterboro', and has a right to
take his seat, saving the riiihts of all persons to
contest the Election and Keturn." He followed
th(> line of argument taken by Hon. Mr.
Blake and others that the Ileturnin<>' Oflficer
should have deilared the Candidate who
received most votes elected. ^lessrs. James
Macdonald (Piclou), Jones (Leeds), Mackay,
Palmer, Macdonald (Antigouish), Daly and
others opposed Mr. Huntington's motion, which

was supi^orted by Messrs. Mackenzie, Mills,
Joly, Aiiglin and others. Mr. Huntini^ton's
motion was tht'ii deieated by a vote of lis lor,
'.•;5 against.

G. — This qxiestion of the West Peterboro'
election was very cleverly used by the ()pp((>i-
tion as an attack on the Crovern- i{„,„;i,.i,.„,nh,.
ment, and it was pressed in the "i'I"-'Ii..m i;i.i,.-.

iirst instance as a (juestion of privileiic so as to
get a division on it before (lu? Address was
debated .so as to feel the strength of I lie (lovern-
nient to ,see if it would be safe to try u non-
conlidence motion; but although the (Jovern-
ment only showed a majority of si.vteen the
Oi)position did not feel sulhcicnt conlidenee to
move an amendment to the Address. D is a
curious circumstance that no attempt was made
to show either that Mr. Bertnim was i|uulilied,
or that he had tendered his (pialilication lo ihe
Returning Officer at the time of nominal ion as
the law required; and that the statement of Mr.
Daly that "Mr. Bertram ha<l no property quali-
licatiou on the day or night of nomination : l)ut
that he obtained the qualification after he was
awareof the result of the eIe<tion,' was allowed
to pass unchallenged. On the first trial of
strength the Government showed considerable
weakness ; but by the second division had
gained nine votes and continued to gain even
after Mr. Huntington charged them with. selling
the Pacific charter, it was only after the pul)lica-
tion of the evidence on whioli that charge was
based that the Government was iu)t only
.shaken but knocked to pieces.

7. — In the Senate the address in reply to the
Speech from the Throne was moved l)y Hon.
Mr. Vidal, seconded by Hon.

r. Cochrane, and, alter a debate .riii. i-.- ihe spun'h
in which Senators Letelher de
St. Just, Campbell, Christi(>, Miller, and
Carroll participated, was adopted without
division. in the House the debate did not
take place until the 11th, when the address
was moved by Mr. Tobin, seionded by Mr.
Palmer. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie thought that
the Speech had been carefully drawn so as not
to commit anybody to anything. While he was

\\'\

*•*

\ ^

3(52

'I'UTTLirS lIlSTOin' OK rilE DO.MIXIOX of CANADA.

^■'1

Iji!! :i iil'ii"

vvillinii- to iulmil the pvosporify of the country,
it imist )i<)t l)c Ibriiottoii that we had just
passed ihrouu'Ii a liuaucial crisis, and he
tlioui'lil that that crisis had been aggravated
by the course of tht; Finance Minister, wliich
had tended to make money scarce and dear,
liei'erring- lo tlie Tacilii' Itaihvay, he chiimed
that tlie (tpposiiion WH're as anxious to have it
biiilt as the (iovernment, but they objected to
the nunmer in whicli it was proposed lo do the
work : they ol)jected to the extraordinary
powers taken by the Government, which
instead of inviting free competition, had shixt
out all comi)etitit)n. With regard to granting
the cliarter to »Sir lluiih Allan and his American
conlVeres, he did luit object to the employment
of American cajutal, Imt he did object to the
capitalists who were engaged in building the
Northern Pacilic Railway l)eing interested in
tht' Canada ra<ilic, which would be made
merely a feeder for the rival liiu'. With regard
to the canals, he (juite aureed with the Govern-
ment as to th"ir import;;nce; but he was sorry
to see that the plans and specifications had been
prepared by a gentleman who had been in the
Public "Works Department and had been
removed on accoiuit of the blunders he had
made : this was a most important matter, and
he thouiiht that the Government ought to have
secured the hisi'hest possible professional advice.
He regretted, as he had had to regret for several
years past, that there was nothing said about a
canal in Canadian territory at Sault Ste. Marie.
On the subject of emigration he thought that
the charter uranted would permit the Pacific
Railway ^.'ompany to take all the good land
and leave that of inferior qudity ; while ihe
placing a minimum limit on the price at which
th(^ land could be sold would tend to retard
imminration, ami had, he believed, been done
merely to Liive the lands a fictitious value in
1-hiuland so that the Company might raise
money. He criticised the past immigration
policy of the CJovernment, and said that
although \'ast sums had been spent on the
Dawson route, still not a single beast could be
taken over it to Fort Garry. He thought that

Canada ought to have been represented at
Berlin on the San Juan boundary question,
and asked wliat the Ciovernment intended to
do with the settlers on that island, lie was
glad that the Crovernment had made up its
mind at last to pass an Election Law ; but was
surprised to find that nothing was said in the
.speech about an Insolvency Act, which was
greatly needed. It was also surprising to find
no rt fere nee to the claims of New Brunswick
for comix'iisation for her losses under the
Washi^'Uton Treaty. On the wb'^le, the Speech
was so very non-committal that i :e Oi^position
did not intend olferinu' a'.y amendment to
it. Sir John A. Macdonald replied to Mr.
Mackenzie, ami ihe debate was continued
until nearly midnight by Messrs. Joly, Hincks,
Young (Montreal), Young (Waterloo), I'atter-
son. (Brant), Dodue. Edgar, Charlton. Witton,
Mercier. Cunninuham. Blain aiul DeCosnios,
after which the Address was adopted without
amendment or division.

S. — The question of a Prohibitory Liquor Law
had been attractinu' a great deal of attention of
late years, and numerous peti-
tions had bei'U presented to the I'n.hiiiit.ny Liquor
Local Governments as well as to
the Hou.se of Coinir ons ; and at this session the
first practical step towards such an end was
taken. We do not propose to deal with the rise
and progress of the Temperance movement in
Canada in tliis plac(>, as we shall devote a
chai)ter entirely to that subject further on, but
for the present will content ourselves with
recording the action taken during the session of
1873. On the •2U\i of Mar.h, I\Ir. Bod well
moved to refer all the petitions praying for a
Prohibitory LiqiU)r Law to a Select Committee
with power to send for persons and papers,
wiiich was ado])ted.* In sui>port of his motion
Mr. Bodwell uryed that the House had the rigiit
to deal with the question, as it was one att'ecting

• 'I'hi' Cniiimiiic'i' wii- .■"iiiiinscil 111' .Mi'ssr.^i. li.i.lwi'll, .\l,u:ki>nzic, <'mw-
l'..ril, li.'olini-.l, lliivvcll, l!iii-|ii-i'. (Siiiihuiy), rnsuniiii, Cliiiilinn, Clii>liiiliii.
Wilkes l''.irl>i's Kilhiiii. Cilil.s (S.iiilli Onliirio). K'lss. (.Mi.Mli'si'M'. iinil
llii.li;!'. 'I'lip iiiiiiK'^iil' .Mi'^sr,-. ■I'illcy. I'lliiiii'ln'l mm.I T'll.in wore vtnu k .ilV
tlieCnininiltci' M ilii-ir n'MUc.^l— .\li'. 'I'illcy <>ii llic uniiiii'l th.it it wm< nnl
usii.il liir a .Miiii'liTtn In' uu a Ciiiiiiuiltei' (if tliat iiiilure— iiiiil .Vkwrs.
Hlaiiilii't mill Tiiliin, lifciuisc tlii'y ilid nut wish tosorve.

iil- ii •■

fiOVHIlXMRXT OK HART. I)UFI''F,[M\— FIHST SHSSIoX Sr-X'OND ^AI;I.IA^rl•;^'T, 1>^7:!. ;!"i:{

trade and commerce, and {ho old Parliament of
Canada had passed four prohibitory laws. He
eontonded that the Maine Liquor Law had
boon at least partially suciossi'iil, and claimed
that the introduction of a Prohibitory Law here
would greatly reduce crime and increase the

I happiness of the people. The loss of revenue
would be $4,7!i8,:^17, but he thouoht that the

I Finance Minister i ould easily lind some way to

i make that up. Dr. Grant thought the subject
the most iinpovtant that could be broun'ht before
the House, but did not consider that the people
were pn^pared for prohibitive measures. Mr.

! Chisholm said tliat the cry " s-ducate the ^aiblic
mind " had been rai.sed for the past I'O years, but
if the evil continued to increase as it had done
in that period there soon would l)e no one lelt
to educate, as the race would have become ex-
tirpated. He thtmu'ht thnt the matter should be
dealt with by the House at once. On the twenty-
fourth of April the Committee ]>resented its
lirst report, in which it was stated that ooH
petitions had l)een received signed l)y OO,!;}!'
persons, and also 59 pt^titions from Municipal
and other corporate bodies, representing a
population of 428,723. The report concluded,
*' The Committee resiiect fully request that
permission be granted them by the House
to procure samples of li(|Uors, as far as practi-
cable, from evrry Province of the Dominion, and
to haA'C the same analyzed and reported upon

I by competent persons, and which the Committee
believe will disclose a system of adulteration,
immense in its extent, fatally destructive to
health, mental and physical, (intensifying the
deleterious oH'ects of alcolntlic beverages) and
injurious in a degree but little suspected, to the
revenues of the Dominion." t)n the ninth of May
the second report of the Comniittet> was pre-
sented, in which the House was urged to take
some action on the petitions, but beyond order-
ing several thousand copies of the report to be
printed, no acticm was taken by the House. In
the Senate a similar Committee was appointed
oil the twenty-fourth of jViiril, on the motion of
the Hon. Mr. Vidal, se<onded by Hon. Billa
Flint. The Committee made a report on the

I'Mul.'.-tioll ..I

riiu iL'iililc -n.'

fourteenth of May, Avhich stated that intcnper-
ance was si)readiim', and recommended pro-
hibitory measures. After some discussion the
last parasiraph was altered so as not to pl(*<lge
the Senate to Prohibition, and the rejiort was
ordered to be printed.

0. — The question of the injury done to
navigable streams by the practici' of throwing
sawdust and mill refuse has for
many years been a very vexed
one, and the views held by the two parties mostly
interested — the lumbermen and tliose interested
in navigation — have been so diametrically
opposed that there seemed no chance of recon-
ciling them ; for, while those engaged in
navigation showed that ri' ers were beinu' iilled
up by the immense (pv .itities of sawdust and
refuse thrown into them, and that liarbors
were being reiulered perfectly useless liy the
banks of sawdust — in some cases ten to twelve
I'eet thick — f( and in them, the lumbermen
claimed that sawdust roiilil not settle in rivers
with a current and miisl he carried away, no one
could tell where, and, indeed seemed to think
that throwinu' 8,000.000 cubic feet of sawdust
into the t)ttawa annually was rather an improve-
ment than otherwise. During the session of
1871 a resolution was adopted at the sugu'estion
of the Committee on Banking and Commerce,
that a (Commission be appointed to enquire into
the whole question; and accordinnly Messrs H.
H. Killaly, of Toronto, R. W. Sheplierd, of
Montreal, and John Mathers, of Ch(>l.sea, were
I appointed by an 0"der-in-Council on the lith of
! November ISTI, such Commissioners. These I
gentlemen made a very extended survey of i
the navigable streams on which lumbiMing
I operations were -arried on, and found in many I
instances immens > deposits of sawdust, slabs, {
bark and other . i.l refuse, wiiich in some i
instances almost comjiletely blocked the streams. |
They also took a u'reat deal of evidence, a great |
p >rtion of which went to show that sawdust
aloh" was not injurious to the streans, and that
it was only when it became mixed and blocked
with sli'bs, t^tc, that it settled in masses
which the spring freshets could not take away.

'•:>

1. i(;i

J 'i

Hllllii'' !j[:i:H|
ll!lJi'l::i|lii'Ml

hi'll.

in*

:;(U

Tl TTLKS IIISTORV (»!•' THE DO.MIXIO.X Ol' CANADA.

Till' ("oiiimittiM' iTportod in Fchvnavy 1870, |
n'coiiii'iKliiiii' that an Act Iv passed imposing a
heavy lint' inr throwing mill rel'uso, except
sawdust, into streams.

10.— On the IHh oi" Manh, Mr. ("artwright
introduced a l)ill lor the protection of navi- i
uahle streams and rivers, which ;
ii^aiLMiiic riv,.| enacts that no sawdust, edg-

ings, slabs, bark or rubbish
shall be thrown into any uaA'igable river
under a penalty ol' >i20 for the first, and '
>i.')0 lor each sul)se(jueiit oil'ense. The Gov-
ernor-! n-Council having the right to exempt
any river I'rom the oi)eratiou of the Act. In

moviiiu' the second n^adiiiu', Mr. ('artwri"-h, !

pointed out that in some streams the depth ol"
w ■■ hail been reduced i'rom eight or nine feet
to four or Uve. In New Brunswick the mill
owners were compelled to burn their sawdust ;
and he protested against any private interest i
being allowed to ol)struct our great streams. |
In Committee, Mr. Bellero.se moved the three !
months hoist, which was defeated on a division. '■
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie thought it was a shame ^
that the Ottawa Ifiver should be left in its pre.sent j
condition; and tliat if this custom wa3 allowed
to L!'o on. it would soon be a question whether j
the naviu'able cjiannels would not be impeded. '•
Mr. Currier thought that most of the injury was j
done by throwiuii' in edgings and slabs. It ,
would be very diilicult and expensive to con-
sume the sawdust, lie maintained that the |
sawdust did not atlect the Fisheries, for the
Ottawa was full of lish. Mr. Wright (Ottawa
Co.), did not believe that any injury resulted to
the streams i'rom throwing sawdust in ; but
thought the injury to navigation had resulted
from slabs, edgings, &c. lie thought it would
l)e almost impossible for lumbermen to dispose
of their sawdust any other way than by throw-
ing it into the rivers. Mr. lloche.ster was per-
fectly satisfied that the spring freshet had always
carried away the sawdust that was throwai into
the Ottawa River from the mills; and the
passage of the bill would do great injury to the
lumbering business. As to injuring the Fisheries, ^
he maintained that there were no important lish .

in the Ottawa. Mr. Lewis said that it would
be impossible for the mill owners of the
Chaudiere to burn their refuse, as they had not
space to do so, and it would not be lair to them,
after they had goiu? to such heavy exi>ense to
prevent their throwing their sawdust into the
river. After some further discussion the Bill
was passed.

11. — It will be rememl)ered that at the lirst
ses.sion of the lirst Parliament ]\lr. Mills

introduced a Bill for the abolition \,i|.;i~-<c.hii«.ii.iiinK
of Dual Representation which i'"'ii!"i'-''^«''"'"ii..ii.

was withdrawn, (Chap. III., Sec. 8), and that ho
had several times renewed his motion but had
been met with the six months hoist. On the
12th of March he au-ain introduced a Bill to
render Members of the Legislative Councils and
Legislative Assemblies of the Provii ae now
included, or which may hereafter ])e included
within the Dominion of Canada, ineligible for
sitting or voting in the House of Commons.
On the 27th the Bill came up for a second
reading, when Mr. Mills said that when he
lirst introduced the Bill he ibund so few
members favorable to it that he had withdrawn
it ; but towards the clos{> of last Parliament he
had found so many favorable to it that now ho
desired to get an expression of opinion from the
House. He thoiight that as long as the
Lieut enant-Crovernors of the Provin<es Avere
ajipointed by the Governor-General on the
advice of his Ministers, members of the Local
Houses should not be also membm-s of the
House of Commons. Mr. Masson said that he
thoiight it was time this question was settled ;
and that although Dual Representation might
be tuipopc^ ,r with some members of the
House it was very popular with the electors of
Quebec, as shown by the fact that at the last
election out of twenty-one candidates for both
Houses, eighteen had been elected. The Ontario
Legislature had declared against Dual Represen-
tation, and the consequence was that the
Government had had to take a gentleman oil'
the bench (Mr. Mowat) as their leader after the
retirement of Messrs. I'lake and ^lackenzie.
He moved in amendment, •' That in the opinion

(lOVHFJNMKNT OF KAJM. DrFI'HRIX— FIRST SFSSION SKCOXD I'ARLIAMKNT. 1s73. Sd.-

of this Hoiisi' tho fact of an individual having
ohtainod tho confidence of the jieoph', and
thereby a seat in any of the Local Legislatures,
should not act as a legal dis(iualifioation to sit
and vote in the House of Commons, and that '
there does not exist suilicient <ause and reason
to justify this House in depriving the people of
their just rights and privileges in the free choice
of their representatives." Mr. Joly said that
the amendment would colul(^mn the action of
four out of the six Local Lesjislatures which
had declared against Dual Representation. The
Quebec Hoiise had pa.s.sed an Act, by a majority
of nine, abolishing Dual Representation, biit it
had been del'oated in the Leuislative Council.
Messrs. Taschereau, IJodwell, Langlois, Jette,
Mercier and Landerkin, supported the Bill ;
and Messrs. Ross (Champlain) AV right (Pontiac),
and Mathi'>n spoke in favor of the amendment.
Mr. Bellerose moved in amendment to the
amendment " That this House while aflirming
its right to legislate on the question of Dual
Representation, thinks it more advisable to leave
the question of its abolishion to th(> Local
Legislatures, if its existence appears disadvan-
tau'eous to them." After some discussion Mr.
Bellerose's amendimnit was then put and lost by
a vote of 5(3 for, KT against. Mr. Mas.son's
amendment was then put and lost, when Mr.
llaker moved the six months hoist which was
lost 57 for, 96 against. The Bill was then read
a second time, and subsetjuently passed and
received the assent of th(> Governor-General.
The question was not regarded as a strictly
party one, and the division list showed that
Ministers were divided on it, Messrs. Macdonald.
Langevin, Rope and Robitaille voting for the
six J lonths hoist, while Messrs. Campbell,
Mitchell, Tilley and Tupper voted against it.

12. — The feeling of disquietude as to the
future relations of Canada to the Mother
en„.v.ionmonnf.ho <^'ountry which had occasionally
'''"""'''^- bei'u making themselves felt,

and the slight dispositioii towards Annexation
which was sometimes shown — more particularly
by some members of the House who supported
the Opposition — gave rise to the introduction.

on tho 31st of March, by Mr. Wallace
(Albert) of a series of resolutions on which
to base an Address to Her Majesty, praying
for a Confederation of the Empire.* Mr.
Wallace said in support of his resolutions that as
the leading journals of Great Britain had inti-
mated that Canada might sever her connection
with Great Britain if she wanted to, it was an
opportune moment I'or Canada to express llu'
opinion that she did not want Independence
or Annexation, but would be glad to have all
the British Empire federated. Hon. Dr. Tujtper
hoped that the motion would be withdrawn.
The chain of Union which bound thi' Atlaiiiii'
to the Pacilic, had only just been completed;
and he deprecated any action which niiiiht lead
to the impression abroad that Conledevatioii had
not been successful and that the people were not
satisfied with it. Sir .Tohi; A. Macdonald was
glad that tho resolutions had been introduced,
as he thought that the relations with Great
Britain would gradually become less of
allegiance, and more of alliance. The idea of
Independence now was absurd, as we were not
able to staiul alone, and would l)e absorbed
by the United States in less than live years. He
did not believe in the lamb laying down with
the lion ; they might lie down together, but
he was afraid that the lamb would be inside.
After some further disiussion the motion was
withdrawn.

18._0n the 1st of April, Hon. Mr. Tilley,
Minister of I'^inance. made his Budget speech,
reviewinii' the Financial con-
dition of the country. He
commenced by resretting iho n^tin'menr of Sir
Francis Hincks, on account of failing health.

• 1. Tli'it Ciiniidiiiii^ must h»ik 'cinviinl t'l nlliiiniiiu their I'lill rtalus
Uji n piMipli.'. hut whili' dnimf m.. thcv jirc iiliki* npi.D-p.l to Iinh-pcliiii'licn,
nr iibsorhtioii in' t tlic uf'it-'hhiniriiiu Itcp'thlii, iiml th'-.ire mily !*» eii.ioy
their |■i^'hls ii.« I'lilly as their IVIhuv-siihieet- in tlie liritish Me.-.

L'. Thiit iti return I'cir Iii'itig einliiweil with the I'lill riuhis nC ■^ithjeet.--.
the CiiiiiKliati peiqile will lie pre|iiiiei| tn iissiiinc their ^h:lrl•■• nt' tho
refpnn-iliility urisiii}.' cult nf tlietti.

.'!. Thiit IIS Steiitii iitiil Teleuniph hnve enniieeted I.'iiuhiii iiiwl (lltii\v:i us
eliiely t'lirelher as were Loielmi niicl Ivlinliuriili at the lime nl' the riiiuii
between Kinrlaiel and Si'niPind. there Muuht t" i>e iici insiiperiilile ditlieul'
ties t" nhtainint-' an uh.ieet sn mneh In he desired.

4. That an linuilile address he preseined In llcr .Must Oraeinus .Majesty,
prnyinii that the Imperial I'arlianp'nt may he rc-eomniendeti tn take into
corisideratinn a Cuntederatiun n{ the iMMjiirt! or sume nthcr plan that
will iiivo CiiNiidiiiiis tlie lull rights and |>riiiloBes id' iirilisli suhjeels.

•i 1

' i: !

1 ■ 'ii'

Mil

:;i;f;

TITTMVS IIISTOKV OF TIIK DOMINION OP^ CANADA.

licluiv entoriim- on the hudi^ot propor. he re-
view ul the Finuiii'ial condition of the country
durinuthe past live years, I'oniparinu' its position
in 1ST2 with what it was in 18(17. In istlT tlie
paid up (;ai)ital of tlie Uanks was )s!2S,(;:ilMisO;
in 18T-2 it liad risen to si4'.M81»,!lti;» ; in the same
time the deposits had iiuTeased from $'2G,1 03.004
to iJS'.lrJiiO.Oii;?, and if the amount deposited in
Savinii's Banks was added wo would llnd that
the iiierease had i)een nearly s8:},00ii,00n in six
years. in trade and commerce the increase
had l)een most rmnarkable; in iSfJS the exports
amounted to ^.')T,oU7,88S. which had risen to
s8-J,i!ort.(iti:], and for the first half of the current
year (from 1st July, to -".Ist Decemi)er, 1872).
they amounted to s.");),488,!ir)8. Tiu' o'oods
entered for consumption hud shown an equally
uratifviuLi' increase; in 186S the amount was
siTl,!>8.").:!(H>, in 1872, $107,70!M16, and for the
half of the current year. $84.;](;4,2'.tl. The
exports and u'oods entered for consumption for
the last six months in 1872, amounted together
to !S12().:5:!0,r):!(l. while the whole year 18(17-8
(inly showed si 2'.(. ')")■'<. 11'4, so that the volume
of trade had very nearly doubled in live years.
The public debt in 18G7, was $7."). 728,000 and in
1872 it had increased to sS2,l 87,0(10. makinn' a
net increase of the debt of |(1.4;')(;,00O, which
was just in proportion to the increase of the
population and no more. For this increase we
had to siiow more than half the Intercolonial
completed; we had paid $1,.")00.000 for the
North-West Territories, and another $1,500,000
for opening up and settling them ; we had spent
over $l,o00.000 on public works; $:!8<i,000 on
surveys for the raeilic Railw y : $400,000 tbr
taking the census, and about $500,000 for
repellinii- Fenian IJaids, all over and above the
ordinary expenses ; and stiU at the end of live
years he foinul that the surplus ot revenue
over expenditure had been §0.522,022 which
had been contributed towanls the construction
of public works out of revenue. The taxation
for the live years had averaged $3.54 per head
per annum, which he claimed was very light ;
and the surplus in that time would authorize
the increase ol the debt of $:]0.000.000 without

increasing taxation. The whole statement
with regard to the first live years of Confed-
eration was most satisfactory, as Mr. Tilley
expressed it : "I may say that rising from the
consideration of the past five years, no matter
how we view it, whether in a commercial point
of view, whether with respect to trade, and
commerce, its bankinii' operations, its imports
and exports, the increase of the tonnaac of
our vessels, or with respect to the financial
condition of the Dominion, in every aspect in
which we \io\v it, I rise from the enquiry,
feelinu' the grea.t(>st possible encouragement not
only with ron'ard to the past, l)ut with regard to
the present, and with reii'ard to the future."
I'as.sin;.;- on to ihi- financial statement for the
year ending ;)Oth June, 1872, he said that the
estimatinl receipts had been exceeded, and the
estimated expeni itures redu<ed. Notwithstand-
ing that the duty on tea and coll'ee had been
removed, and that $200,000 of duty paid ou
those articles had been refunded liy order of the
House, still the receipts had amounted to
$20,714,81:; against an expenditure of $17,589,468
leaving a surplus of $::>,125,345, in addition to
which there was $470,000 carried to Sinking
Fund, wliich would make the total surplus of
$;?.5!l5.',i51. For the current year he estimated
that there would be a surplus of about $7t)5,000
For 1873-74 the total estimates w.>r.> $30,804,089,
out of which $9,974,240 was for Capital account.*
Deduct from this $93,000 for debts falling due
during present year and it would leave
$20,820,849 to be provided for out of revenue.
The estimate revenue from all sources was
$21,740,000, which would show a surplus of
$913,151, against Avhich there would be some
supplemental estimates. He entered at length
into a statement of the various items of expen-
diture and probable income, and said that it was
not the intention of the (Jovernment to propo.se
any increase in the tarilf. With reference^ to the
amounts to be spent ou the Pacific Railway and
the canals he estimated that-they would involve

* 'rin' :imniinf^ to (jc i.'iiiin.'1'il to Cfti'i'nl .'MMMnmt were. IiitiM'Oiiloninl
ltiiilwiiy,SI,:tl"i,iiiHI: Ciiniils,s-i,J77.(KHI; I'lililic l>ni|iliii).'-. iii> Imtimt lilmir.v
iirul uruciiiil.s .-^■'ti'-.i''i'l. iiialiinKii totiil (.I'.ili.MTI.'JMl.

(JOVHIJXMKN'l' or KAIM- hUrFKIMN— Fl liST SKSSION SKCONK l'.\ l!I,I.\M I'.N'I", l^7'!.

:!(;7

heliMtc nil ih
ISaili-'ul.

ail annual chaiac ol' $3,:it}7,4<)0. To nn'ct this he
avaucil it would only ho nt't'cssary to rcphico
llio perct'iitai^t* of duty to what it had avciagod
during' tho first Jivo yi'ars ol' Confcdi'ratiou.
Tiiis had hccn 12'/ per cent, hut owini^- to
additions to the iVof list, roinoval ol llic duties
on tea and lollre, «S:c.. il had heen rcduecd to
less than 10 , in 1872. 11' the tarill' should in
the future be readjusted so as to raise the
avera"'e to 12'i/ a^'aiii, it would— hasiim- his
esliniate on the imports of the present year,
yield an income oi $:3,4:!7,">0O, which would he
sallicient to meet the amount re(juired lor
Ivailway and Canals, without raisinu' the averaue
rate of duty any hmher than it had l)een d'.iriuLi-
the lirst live years of (.Confederation.

14. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie was glad to hear
the Finance Minister announce that no chaiig-e
would l)e made in the tarill'; l)ut
thought that the manufacturers
who had been led to expect at least incidental
jn'otection woirld be rather disa]ipointed. With
regard to the estinuite of tin- Finance Minister
that the taxation was only about $4 per head,
this was only the amount collected by the
JJctuinion, but it must be remembered that there
was lour or live dollars a iu>ad of local taxation
as well. He held that the most imiiortant thing
was to nuUve Canada as cheap a country as pos-
sible to live in and this could not l)e done by
increasing taxation. He looked with great
apprehension at the great in<rease whicii must
take place to meet the lavish exjx'uditures
which were to be made. He did not think that
the I'acilic Railway would assist Canada as a
means of transporting the \. 'oduce of the West
to the East, as he was doubil'ul whether agri-
ciiltiiral produce could be carried l.noO miles
by rail and made prolital)le : but thoULiht that
its main advantage would l)e in attracting s, t-
tlers, unless the i)olicy of tlie Government with
regard to thepu1)lic lands hampered immigration
as he feared it would. He took exception to
several matters of detail which he said he would
more fully disiUEs in Committee ; and expressed
surprise that no provision was made for the
" Better Terms ' for New Brunswick, which were

freely spoken about. Sir Francis Hincks quite
aureed with the Finance Minister, as to the: mall
per capita tax, which was very little more than
the mere interest on I lie debt of the United Slates
amounted to, while it was only one-third t>l what
\\ni per capi/ii tax of l"]niiland was. Mr. Oliver
thought that the expenditure of the Dominion
had increased beyond ail proper proportion to
the roveiiue. Mr. Chishoim was rejoiced to liiid
the linancial statement so much better than had
l)cen exp'ected. Mr. Youiil!- (Waterloo), said that
if Ihe linancial condition of the coiuitry was so
prosperous under a recklessly extravauani
administration, he would like to know what il
would have been under dillerent manaunient.
He denied that the prosperous state of things
was due to the ( io\ cinment ; it was due to the
abnormal extension of the revenue by excessive
imports, and there must follow a . ction on
this; but the (lovernmenl wi nl on as if this
state of things would last for ever. The pul)lic
expenditure had increased Gil per cent, in live
year.s, which was not warranted by our income,
and would lead us to a delicit. Mr. Cartwright
thought that too sanguine a view had been taken
of the probnble income of the country. Mr.
Thompson, (Welland) thought the (rovernment
had not made tin- most of the advantages they
had. He was opposed to building the Paciiic
Uailway at present, and would rather see
local roads in British Columbia and ^laiiitoba.
Mr. Patterson, (South Brant) hoped the (lovern-
menl would redeem the promises of a rrotecti\e
Tarill', made during the elections. Mr. (rrant
strongly endorsed the policy of the Clovernment,
and considenul the building of the I'acilic liail-
way an imi)erative necessity. Mr. Wilkes
claimed that the peo[)le of Canada were \ery
heavily and not very liiihtly taxed, and liiat the
proportion of revi-nue Irom imports was larger
than in any other c(mntry. Alter some further
discussion Ihe formal motion to go into Com-
mittee of Supply passed.

:|?|,*

■\ t

:f I '

*[ 1

I !'■

51 ;i

liji

■( i

:{(i8

Tl'TTLK'S IIISTiJlJV OF TlIK DOMINION OK CANADA.

['UTPtl^Cot' Mill

u-riiil :iii(l oiticr
-■^iil.iricy.

niArTKii XXXIV.

(iOVKIfN.MKNT OK Till: KAKL OF DIFFKIMN.
— FlliST SFSSIoN, SKCOND I'A K'LIA.MKNT,
IST.'J. — (( 'iiN'ri\n:ii.)

1. I.NCIMCASK ()!•• MlNlSTKKl.VL AND oTIIKR
SAI,Al!Ii:s.- 2. TlIK liAM.OT — 3. TllE InTT-R-
C'<»I.t)MAIi. ViiTH OK WANT OK CO.NKIDKiNCE.
— 4. ChaNOK <>K ClAUOK ON TlIK I.NTKU-

('oi,(iMAii. — .'). Mounted i'omi.'k kou the
N. W. Tkimmtouies.— ti. New Buunhwick
Sciiooi, Act. $5,noo kor aiu'eal to Privy
CorNC'ii,.— 7. Rk-ad.iu.<tmknt ok the dkih.

— H. Ad.-MI.^.^JION ok PWINCE liuWARD Isi.AND.
— !>. 8ri!.SlDY KOI! REl'EAIi OF EXPORT DUTY
ON TIMISER IN New BUI'NSWU'K. — 10. MlS-

fEEiiANiMi'.-; Acts.

1.— Oil th.' Hth ol May,8ii' John A. Miicdonald
moved tile Ilou.so into C'onimitU'O on certain
ri'isolutions increasing' the sahiries
ol' Lieutenant Governors, Judges
and other ollieers, and also the
indemnity to nieml)ers ui' the Senate and House.
Hon. Mr. llolton ohje( ted to the principle on
which the iiuleinnity to members wa.s based,
holding- that it i)resented a peeuniary induce-
ment to shorten the session alter the expiration
ol' thirty days. Although he did not think
!|l,iiOO too high a remuneration, he was of
opinion that it should he based on a i>er diem
allowance. Mr. Jones denied that the system
had aited viciously on iiii'inbers. Mr. Macdouald
((ileniiarry) did not object to an increase ol' salary
to Judges, and would suggest an increase ol'
salaries to Ministers, but was opposed to any
increase of indemnity to members, thinking
that they liot ''all their .services were worth."
On the 14th, fSir John A. Macdouald introduced
a resolution to increase the salaries of Ministers
from .'SO. 000 per annum to sIT.OOO per annum,
the riemier to receive $1,000 extra; such
increase to take ell'eet from the l.-it day of
January last. In Committee, on the 17th, Hon.
Mr. Mackenzie advocated a system jf graduated
salaries, such as obtained in England, and also
took exception to the increase counting from

the Ist ol Jiinuary past, holdinu' that it .'^hould
take elicet from the eomniciicement of the next
fiscal year. Sir John A. Macd<mald said that
it was impossible to introduce the Enulish
system here; in Eniiland the Ministers were
all weallliy. and a few thousands made no
dillerence, but hi 're salaries were of .some
importance, and to adopt a uraduated scale
would be to admit an element of di.scord which
would cause trouble. On the resolutions
coining up for discussion on the 20th a ' ery
lonudcbato took place on the incapacity of some
of the Judges in < Quebec, and it w;-,.-. noticed
thatthe number of ai)i)eals tothe Privy Coiriicil
from that ProviiK'e were greater than that of all
the other Provinces put together, lion. Mr.
Dorion, Hon. Mr. C'auchon. ^Ir. Fournier and
others spoke of the unsatisfactory .state of things
in Quebec owiiiu' to the au^' and uulitness of
some of the Judges; aiu] Mr. Mercier oU'ered
an amendment that, " The .salariesof the Judges
in Quebec over seventy years of age should
remain the same as at present ; the salaries of
Judges iiiuler seventy should be augmented;
that Judges above seventy should not be forced
to resign, l)ut that if they did resign •v\-ithiii
sixty days afti-r the passage of this law, they
should draw a pension of two-thirds of the
salary as augmented by this law.'' After some
discu.s.sion the •imendment was lost on a
division. On the question of Ministers salaries
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie moved in amendment
"That in the oi>iiiioii of this Hou.se it is not
expedient to increa.se the salaries of Ministers
of the Crown in the manner proposed ; that
uniformity in amount is unneces.sary, as the
heads of the less important Departments are
now sulUcieiitl) p.iid with .■J.5,0<>0 per annum,
and that the Resolutions be not now concurred
in, but be referred back to a Committee of the
Whole with instructions to graduate the salaries,
s(j that the aggregate amount shall not exceed
$75,000." Sir John A. Macdouald argued
against having graduated salaries. Hon. Mr.
Holton referred to the practice in England, and
also to the fact that salaries in Canada had been
graduated up to 1851. After some further

ill it should

of thi' next !

cl said tliat

10 Eniilisli

isters were !

■< iniiclt' no

2 of some

.lati'd scale

icord which

resolutions

:0th a " ery

•ity oi'somi-

vas notici'cl

ivy Council

n that ol'all

lion. Mr.

•urnior and

itc ol'thinus

uulitnt'ss of

cior otlered

'theJuclii'cs

age should

! salaries oi'

ug-mented :

t he i'orccd

ign within

law, they

irds of the

After some

lost on a

crs salaries

imendmont

le it is not

Ministers

)osed ; that

iry, as ihe

ments are

er annum.

concurred

ttee of the

he salaries,

not exceed

d argued

Hon. Mr.

rhind, and

had been

lie further

G()Vi;r{N.MKNT OF KAUL DUI'KKIMX— KIRST SKSSluX SRCOND PARMAMKNT, IST-t. :i(ii>

The liulliit.

discussion, Mr. Mackenzie's amendment was
withdrawn and the bill regulating the increase
ol salaries jiassed.*

2. — The (juestion of votinu' by ballot early
attracted the attention of the House, and two
Bills were introduced — one ]>y
Mr. Treniblay on the 14th of
March, and one by Mr. Young (Wiiterloo), on
the I'.'th — providinsi' for votinii' l)y ballot at
elections for inenil)ers of the House of Commons.
On the ."ird of April, on the motion for the |
second reading of Mr. Treinblay's Bill, Mr. i
Witton .spoke in favor of the ballot : he claimed
that elections as at present conducted were
characterized by lavish expenditure, debauchery
and drunkenness ; that in the Colonies in which
it had been inti'oduced it had i)roved a success,
ami that its introduction in Englaiul should be
followed by its adoption here. Mr. Beaiibien
said that the system had l)een tried in Montreal
at municipal elections and worked badly. Mr.
Costigan favoi'ed open votiim' so that a man could
tell who were his friends and who his enemies. >
He thouaht that there was (juite as much bribery
in New Brunswick uiuler the ballot as then! ever
had been with oi)eu voting. Mr. Almon claimed
that the ballot had been a dead failure in Nova
Scotia, lion. Mr. Dorion thoimht that the best
argument in favor of the ])allot was that the ■

•The Kill as i.ii.-,«oiI in-nviilcs thiit iiU JlMii^ters ."liimM n'l'iMvc'tT.rNjn per i
animiii, iiml tiie I'remit'r .$l,i'"» inl'lition.-l. Tlic Ijiouf .-(invfrii<trn I'C
Ontario ami (iiiuljci' In I'cceiv't' sM'.""" per aiimim eacii. ami liicutuiiaiil- j
<iovL'riinr.> ol" the ntluT I'rovinfi's .^'.'.'mki cai'li. Chit-f .Iiistircs nf ihc j
(iui.'en's lieiK'h ami Sii|nTi"r Cuurls, (icu'live. In receive .^i'i,iii"i eaeh, I'mir j
I'lii.-^ne Jmli.'e.'' Ill' llie t'nriiier and Icii nf llio laller si>,i«H) eaeli, twelve i
Piii.<iie.lu.lt:e.<.s|.iiiKieacliaiui lljree .^■".■iili each, hi Ontarin the Clianeellnr '
antl Iwo Chief .lu.-^tiees ami iin-sent |ire>iiIiiiK .luiK'c; in iVmrt nl" Krrnr
and .\ppeal .sii.iltKi eaeli. \'iee-CliMneellnr ami I'uisne .luilires i-T.iKil) eaeh. I
In -Viiva Seniia Ihe Chief .liisiiee nf the Supreme Cmirt and .(ml^•e in j
Kciuily .^.'1,01111 eaeli, and live Ptii.-'ne .liid(,'e> sl.iKiO eaeli, llie whole with !
."iieli Iriiveilinif expenses a.-J ma.'- lie ^'ranted l>,v the iJnvernor-in-Cnuni'il.
In .Manitoha Ihe Chiel .lii.'tiee nf (incen'.s liem-li .^">.iii«i, and two .Indues
.$4.IKX) eaeh. In IJritish Cnlnmliia. Ihe Cliief Jusliee nf the Siiiireme I
Court .s'l.iHiii, and Iwn .Indires $1,ik»i eaeli : .JiiJi-'e.s apiiointed lietio'e Ihe
Tnion In retain e.\isiinK salaries. Ccninly .Indites, exeept in York, Out.,
and Si. John, N.U., .■^L'.ii'"', to he increased after three years ►erviee to
.*-.-l'i'l, and .'J'.liiMiavellinc expenses. In Vnrk and St. .lohn the .salaries
tohK»;LMiiO at onee. .luiiior Couiitv .Indites .sJ.IHKl and same Iravellini;
expenses. After fifteen years service a County .ImlKe in.iy on aeeonnl of j
inliruiity he pensioned with an allowance eipial to two-thirds of his
salary. The imleinnil>' to mcmhers ot' I'arliiinicni was placeil at .sl'i per '
diem if the session lasted only tliiriy da.\s. nr less, or .Si.o*io if over thirty
days. The S|>eakers of the Senate and Commons to receive •^I.IKHI eaeh.
A luiiu> sum ot $75,01)1) was voted to rcaiUast s.'ilaries of Civil .'^erviee t
cmidoycs-.si.iXKl of wlii-li was lor oHiccrs and clerks of the Mouse of !
Commons and S-.'"i'W for those of Ihe Semite. I

only place in which it h;id been tried and
repealed was Nova Scotia. Mr. Young (Mon-
treal) thouiiht that the ballot htid promoted law
and order in Montreal, and, therefore, would
support the bill. Mr. Mackay was stroiiu'ly
opposed to secret voting. If the people were
l)roperly educated to a correct and honest
exercise of the franchise, the l)allot system
would not be wanted, Mr. Smith (Westmore-
land) spoke, after seventeen years exi)erience, of
the peace and order ^"hich had resulted iroin
the })allot system in New lirunswii k. He hoped
that the Election Bill promised by the Crovern-
ment would provide for voting' by l)allot. The
debate was adjouriu'd until the ninth, when it
was resumed by Mr. Palmer, who thought that
ihe ballot would tend to lict rid of imju-oper
inlluences at elections; but considered that it
would be wiser to wait until after the impend-
ing general (dections in England and see how it
worked there before introducing it into Canada.
Mr. Oliver could see no necessity for awaitinu'
the result of the trial in England, when it had
been tried herein municipal elections and found
satisfactory. He favored the introduction of
the ballot at once as the gigantic Public Works
a))out to be undertaken would throw an
immense amount of patronaiio into the hands
of the Government, and the ballot was necessary
for the protection of voters emjdoyed on those
works. Mr. Smith (Peel) spoke of the various
ways in which voters could be coerced, and
favored the Bill. Mr. White (Hastings) did not
think that the mass of voters were afraid to vote
fairly and openly, nor that ixndue inJluence was
used by employers. He claimed that the ell'ect of
the ballot in the States had been to keeji the
worst men in oflice ; and that its working in
Nova Scotia had been most unsatisfactory. Mr.
Burpee (St. John) said that personally he
preferred open voting, but he thought that the
ballot protected workiugmen aiul young men in
mercantile establishments, and also caused
quieter elections ; he, therefore, sxipported the
Bill. Mr. Edgar thought that the system should
be adopted without a\\aiting the result of
experiments in other countries. Mr. Wallace

{ I j

:l'll

If'

!»

t <■

' '111'

■M

I ll'l'

a-o

TnTI,i:s IIISTOKV ol' TlIK DO.MIN'ION ol" (ANA DA.

(Norlblk) was opposed to llu' princii)!*- of ih.'
l>all(>t, oil till' liroiiiKl (liat t'\ ciy votfv had a
liuht to know how liis nt'iyhlxM- voted, lie
poinlcd totlic yros.s hrihery whirli was prat tised
midor it in the States, where men aetually
coiitvaeted to lurnish so many votos lor so much
money. lie lielieved tho ballot would tend to
dishonor, not tu honor, to dcLirade, not to elevate
the voter, Mr. Cunningham did iiol think the
same roa.sons lor the ha Hot existed in Canada
tliat did in l-lnulaiid. Messrs. Chishoim, Trow,
lioilwe!]. iJodii'e and I'attersoii spoke in I'avor of
the l)allot. Mr. MeDoiiald (I'ictou) liiou-iht
that the tone ol' the debate would he illelilled
to impress ioreiuiiers with the idea that Cana-
dians were deterioraliiiu' and were no lonticr lit
to exercise ihe I'rauchise in I lie same Tree and
oi)eii manner as their rorelathers. hut he did not
I believe such a change had taken place. He held
I that it was only to a lew weak worthless things
to whom the ballot would apply, lor the farmers
and skilled aitisaiis were perfectly independent
ami could and would vote as they pleased,
ballot or no ballot. The case was very dili'erent
ill England v''eve the inllueuce of the land-
owners and cap. dists was so great, but there
were no such influences in Canada. As to
jjiomoting quiet elections, that, he urged, could |
only be attained by seiKirating the masses of the '
voters as mueli as pos.sible, and the quiet elec-
tions in NovaSeotia. had resulted from the large
numbei of pollinii' places more than from the
])allot. As to bribery he believed there was
quite as much, il not more, under the ballot sys-
tem as under open voting. He did not believe ;
that in Nova Scotia there \\ as one man out of
ten who preferred ballot to open voting. He
thought the arguments in favor of the
liallot rather sentimental than praetical ; and
in no country where it liad been tried had it
raised Ihi' moral standard of the people, but had,
on the contrary, debased it, as was shown most
especially in the cases of the United States and
France. Th(> motion for the second reading was
then carried by a vote of 78 to 55. It will be
' noticed that none of the ^Ministers spoke on the
j question, iu>r did any ol the leaders of the

Opposition. The liill was introduced l)y a
private nii'inber, and its beiiiL:' carried through
its second readiiii!' liiive a very fair indication of
the I'eelinii' of the House on the question with-
out its beiiin' made a party one. Later on in the
session (IMh May) Sir John A. Macdonald
introduced a Temporary Eli'ction Act. and
announced that the Government did not pro-
pose to pio(!eed with (he Elet lion Act promised
in the Speech from the Throne, but wmild have
it printed, with tlie ballot clause, and distributed
during the recess. The two ballot bills were
then dropped and the Temporary Aol passed,
its pro\ isions beinu' similar to the Acts in force
at Confederation, except that voting was con-
lined to one day.

.;.— On the I'lid of May, on Hon. Mr. Tilley
moving th(> House into Supply. Hon. Mr. Mac-
keii/ii' moved in amendment,
a lonii' resolution to the clleet y..i,;.,i Huntui
thai the Govt-rnment had been
extrava^•ant and wasteful in tln' matter of the
Intercolonial; that largi' sums had been
squandered in useless or insulhcient surveys ;
that sums of money ha<l been paid to contrac-
tors in excess of their contracts, and that such
])ayment was a gross violation of juiblic duty.
The resolution referred to Section No. 5, whi'h
was originally let to Haycock it Co.. and subse-
(juently to A. McDonnell iS: Co., and, accordiuii' to
the statements embodii-d by Mr. Mackenzie in
his resolution, showed that an overpayment of j
$ii4,(!8r) had been made. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie
in moving his resolution, reviewed the early
history of the Intercolonial, the objections which
had been raised to the route, and to the manner
of building the road, and claimed that some of
the evils Avhich it had bt>en pointed out would
arise from the haste of the Gover;unent to
commence the road before proper surveys had
been made, had occurred and a large sum of
money thereby lost to the Government. He
went on to show that the twenty mile section.
No 0, had been originally let for $301,000, that
changes had been made in the alinement which
would reduce t he cost about §00,000 to 1 100,000,
and still further changes after the contract had

(\\

icrd l)y a
•d throuirh
ilicatioii ol'
itioii wiih-
'1' 1)11 ill the
^liiciloiiakl I

Act, and
d not i>ro.
t promised
■<>u|(l havt'
listrihiited
bills wcvt'
cl passed,
ts in luri'i'

was con-
Mr. Tilley

Mr. Mac-

llll'rri.|nlii;||.
il waul 111
Ic'llri'.

ti'r ol' (ho

lad been

sur\eys ;

.0 coiit rac-

that such

blii' duty.

•'), wlii'h

id subse-

ordiuiito

kcnzio in

yiucut ol'

Mikonzie

th(^ early

ms which

manner

t some of

\t would

uncnt to

voys had

e sum of

ent. He

secti(m,

000, that

»t which

M 00,000,

ract had

(iOVKI.'XMKNT OK KAIil. DLM'KKHIX— I'lRST SKSSION HK('(»\I> PAHLIA.MKXT, is?:!. :!7I

been re-li'l to McDonnell \- Co.. elii'ctinti- a
I'urilier saviiui- of $Tl'.4l^,5; thus showiiii: an
error of no less lliun silTO.OOO in the short
dislance of twenty miles. Hi- then proceeded
to show liow the (rovernment had lione on
advaiKiii": money to McDonnell & Co,, until
they had actually been [)aid $(iJ,0()(i more than
they themselves had admitted to be due under
the contract, lie claimed that it was a most
serious thinii- for the (iovcrnmeiit to undertake
to alter contracts once lliey hatl l)een let; and
more particularly was this tbe case in the face
of the immense I'liblii AVorks which it was
proposed to underiake. D' the (Jovernment
was to violate coiitrai ts in this way there was
no leiiilimate stopping place, and they
apparently bad no principle to <>'uide them.
excei)t what they may think expedient either
in the interests of the contractors, or their own
interest. He di<lnot impute any wrong motives
to the Govenuuent. but he knew there had
been a gross violation of duty. lion. Dr.
Tupper said in reply, that the tjovernmcnt was
quite pr(>pared to accept the motion as one of
want of conlideiice. and also to show that far
from being guilty of dereliction of duty, the
Grovernment had pursued the only coiirse
that they could have taken in the i)ublic interest.
With regard to the route he claimed that it was
the very route advocated by the honorable
gentleman himself (Mr Mackenzie) until he
I'oTuul himself in 'Jposition, and then he
thought it necessaiy to adopt a new opinion
with regard to it. He then entered into a
history of the Intercolonial from 185.S to show
that the Northern route had been selected by
the Imperial Government and approved by
the party of the honorable gentleman, who had
caused it to be surveyed. Coming to the
point of the resolution he .said that rarliament
had decided that the road should be built by an
indei>endent Board of Ccnnmissioners, and he
paid a compliment to the manner in v hich
tho,se gentlemen had lilled their duties. He
admitted that, acting under the pressure which
had been brouuht to bear on them that the road
should be commenced immediately after Con-

federation, and tbe cry raised by the Ami-
Confederates in No\ a Scotia that any tlelay was
a violation of the contract, (he ( loveinment had
been hasty and let the contracts lor the lirst
few sections — of which No. ."> wasone— without
ha\iiiii- as exact information as could have l)een
desired; but he contended that the pul)lic in-
terest had not sull'ered. and that the road had
been built as economically as possibl"' He went

on to ariiUe that ihi- lirst contracts had 1 ii let

at lump sums to the lowest tenderers, and that
in every instance but two the contractors had
failed an<l the work had had to be re-let at
greatly advanced ligures, on account i>fthi' ureal
advance which had occurred in waui's since the
contracts were let ; and he held that where the
Government found contractors williiu; to carry
out their contracts if they coiUd get a little
assistance, it was better for the public interest
to give them some help than to have them
abandi>n the contract altogether and thedovern-
ment be forced to re-let it He went on to
explain that the rise in wages had been lifty per
cent, and claimed that the Commissioiieis had
acted in the matter as any Railway Company or
private individual would ha\e done. Hon. ^Ir.
Anulin said that the Minister of Customs (Dr.
Tupper) had not attempted to deny that the
overpayments had been made. He llu'ii attacked
the cour.se pursued by the (rovernment and
condemned the action of the ('■enmissioiiers,
contending that we were entering upon acareer
of extravagance and ciu'ruption. where money
was being wasted to help friends of the Govern-
ment. Hon. Mr. Tiliey defended the action of
the Commissioners in granting additional aid to
contractors on account of the increase of wanes.
Hon. Mr. Holton contended that it had been
proved that $()4,000 had been paid over and
above the contract price ; and what they charged
the Government with was using this amount
of the public funds witliout authority from
rarliament. Messrs. Burpee, (St, .John). Young,
(Waterloo), and Wood supported the amend-
ment and Messrs. Palmer. Wallace and Flescher
opposed it, after which a division was taken and
Mr. Mackenzie's motion defeated bv a vote TO

!(» .'.

'iii

■M2

TI'TTLKS HISTORY ()!•' Till': DOMINION' OK ("AXADA.

' ■ i| .

till- liitfrt*iiloi]i:il.

lor !t.") af;':iiiisl. A resolution was sul)St'qu(Mitly I
iulrodiUM'd by Hon. Mr. Tillcy and adopted that !
the contractors for sections 1 to 7 he paid eertain j
sums elainied l\v them hn* extra work, to the
total amount ol '^lit.'J.siM.

4. — On the 24th ol' April, Hon. Mr. Langwin
moved the Hou.M' into Committee on eertain
re.solutions on whieh to I'ound
a l)ill ehanainii' the gauge of the
Intercolonial and other Government Railways j
in Now lirunswiek and Xova Scotia irom 5 ft.
6 in. to 4 it. 8.^ in., or to lay a third rail. Hon.
Mr. Langevin explained that when the matter
had l)een Ijel'ore the Hoiise belort> it was thought
that it was impossible I'or the Grand Trunk to
chaniie its gauge lor want of means : l)ut that
Company had l>een able to raise the amount ,
necessary to make the alteration, and it was
now thouuht advisable that the guaiie of the
Intercolonial and other Government Railways
sliould also l)e changed, so as to make it
unil'orm and save transhipment at River du
Loup. As to the cost. Mr Sanlbrd Klemin-i'
had estimated that it would cost about $S(lo,nn(i
to change the gauL^c [roin River du I^oup to
Moncton, and $iiOO.nO(t to lay a third rail from
Moncton to Truro, A lonu' debate ensued, not
so much on the change of uauiie as in the shape
of criticisiiiii' the (lovernment for imt havin'j
adoi)ted the suggestion of the t)pposition two
years before to change the guage, which would
have saved the country a large amount of
money ; after which the resolutions were
adopted, and the Act subsequently passed.

;"). — Two Act.H relatinii' to the North-West

Territories were passed; one with regard to

legislation for the Territories, and

.MhiiIiI.-.| P..lir.' |..r ,, , -il 1' ,1

!iii' Ncriii \v,>i the Other with relereiice to the

TrL-ril'ilii-. . . . ,• I • 1

administration ol .lustice and
the formation of a Mounted Police force, not to
excei'd ."inij men. The Act provides for the
appointment of one or more Stipendiary
Magistrates, with salaries not to exceed
$o,Oiiii per annum, who have power to
try summarily, without sijuvy. persons charged
with larceny, ike, if the value of the articles is ':
not over $100 ; and two Stipendiary Magistrates ;

may hear summarily ail cases where the punish-
ment is not more than ,seveii years imprisonment
— which is to be underiione in Manitoba; all
more serious olfences to be tried in Manitoba.
The Police Force to consist of a Commissioner,
one or more Superintendents, Paymaster, Siir-
iicon, and V<'terinary Surseon, and not more
than .300 constables, to be all or partly mounted.
Enlistment tobi' for three years, and theGovernor-
in-Council may grant each man 100 acres of laud
on his discharge. In introduchig the Bill. Sir
John A. Macdonald said that the outiit of 300
men would not exceed $')0.(tOO, but that it was
intended that the force should be .selected by
deurees, and it was not probable that it would
reach ;!00 men for .some time to come ; and, also,
that it was the intention of the Government to
reduce the military force in Manitoba as the
Police force was formed.

G. — It will be remembered that at the last
.session a resolution was adopted that the
opinion of the Law OHicers of ^.,.„ ,,,„„,„.,.,

the Crown, and if possible, of ^;;!'::;;!„^yvJ;'ivy'

the Committee of the Privy ''"»"•''•
Council also, should be obtained as to the power
of the New lirunswiek Leiiisiature to pass the
School Act of 1M71 (See Chap. XXV. Sec. 15).
On the l")th of April, Sir John A. Macdonald
laid on the table all the papers in the case,
inclu<Ung the opinions of the Attorney-General
Sir. I. 1). Coleridge, and the Solicitor-General,
Sir Joseph Jessel, that the Provincial Legislature
was competent to pass the Act. Some further
evidence was submitted by the Roman Catholic
Rishop and a further opinion, under date 10th
of April, obtained to tiie elll'ct that they were
still of opinion tliat tlio Legislature had the
power to pass tile Act. This further opinion
was transmitted to the House by message, on
the .Hh of May On the 14th. on the motion to
•ao into Supply, Mr. Cosligan iiio\('d a resolution
to the ( ll'ect that the House regrets tiiat the
School jjaw of New Rruiiswick is unsatisfactory
to a li.i'ge number of the i>eoi)le, and trusts that
it may be modilieil at tiie next session of the
New Rrunswiek Legislature so as to remove the
causes of disconteiil wliich exist ; that it is

(iOVF.lJXAFi:XT OF KARL DrFFHRIX— FITJST SFSSIOX SKCOXD PA IJLIAMFNT, IST.!.

oxpciliont that tlic opinion ol' the Law Olliifrs
of the CroA\ n in iMii^hind should be obtained,
and it' possible, also the opinion of Her Majesty's
I'rivy C'onncil; therel'ove, in order to allow the
parties to ai^ree upon a case, that His Excelleney
bo recommended to disallow the Acts passed by
the Legislature of New Brunswick at its last
session amending the Act. He said that hi> had
no inti-ntion ol' moving a vote ol' want ol'
confidence, but ho thought that was the proper
time to oiler his resolution. He reviewed the
history ol" the New IJrunswick School Act, and
claimed that the amendments passed at the last
session of the Legislature were oven more
oppressive than the a<t itself, and that o le of
them legalized ass(>ssnients whi<h the Supreme
Court had declared illegal, lie had been asked
to let his motion stand over and endeavour to
make an arrangement with I he Government and
the Province ; this he was willing to do. but
thought it only fair that the princijjle should be
adopted that the CJovernor-General should
withhold his signature from the bill. Sir John
A. Macdonald complimented the mover on the
very moderate manner in which he had so
constantly and faithfully uriiod thi> cause of his
co-religionists. He thought that it would haA'e
been better for New lirunswick if a School Act
similar to that of Ontario and (Quebec had been
adopted; and they would not have peace and
quietness and a sound I'iducational system until
' they adopted the i)riiiciple of Sei)arat(> Schools.
At the same time he was opposed to advisinu-
the tiovernor-deiieral to disallow the Acts oi
the Local Legislature. He entered into an
able araument on the cttnstitutiomil question
to show that if the House arrogated to itself
the right to ordi'r the Governor-General
to allow or disiiilow .Acts of the Local Legisla-
tures on sulijects left entirely under their
control by the Dri'isli North America Act, then
the jirineiple of a Federal Utiion was destroyed
and a Leuislative I'liion substituted in its place
and we may as well at oiicc^ dispense with our
costly I'rovinciiil Leu'i.slatures. for they became
of no practical use if the Dominion I'arliament
had the right to revise all the Acts pa.s.sed and

allow or disallow such as it pleased. Besides,
the House by passing this resolution was seeking
to assuftie the prerogative of the Crown, and to
exercise a power which was reserved to the
representative of the sov(>reign alone. Hon. M i.
Anglin, Messrs. jNlasson, Wright, Cauchoii.
Mackenzie and others supported the resolution,
the nuiin points of argument being that as the
House at its last session had desired the Govern-
ment to obtain the ojnnion of th(> l.,aw Ollieersof
the Crown and also of the Judicial Committee
of the Privy Coiuicil, and that only the opinion
of the Law Officers and not of the Judicial
Committee also had lu'eii obtained, it was inju-
dicious in th(> Local Legislature to ameiul the
Act pending that decision, and that it would be
better for the Crovernor-General to disallow the
amendments, as it would only have the eil'ect
of su.spending the action of the law while the
ojiinion of the Committee w;is oblniiied, I'or, if
the Act was disallowed the l.,eL;is!alure could
pass it again next session. .M'ter a very lenalhy
debate Mr. Costiu'an's motion was iulopted by a
vote of !I8 to <>:!. On the nineteenth, in answer
to a question put by Hon. Mr. Ani>lin, Sir John
A. Macdonald said the resolution adoi)ted with
regard to the New lirunswiik School Bill had
been duly laid before His Excellencv the
Governor-General, who had comniaiided him
(Sir .lohn) to state that he was asked bv one
branch of the Parliament of Canada to exerci.se
the Koyal prerogative by disallowiiin' certain
.Acts of the New Brunswick Leiiislntiire. It was
stated that these Acts weii' jiassed for the pur-
]>ose of legaliziim- certain as.sessnu>nts made
under the Act of 1S71, and that the object was
to give the parties complaining;' of the School Act
the opi)ortiuiity of brinuinu' such Act beliire the
! .ludieiitl Committee of the I'riv y Ci uiicil. His
l']xcellency iiad been alrendy iiistiiicied by Her
Majesty's Governineiit of the opinion of the Law
Oliieers of the Crown in lilnuland thai the Act
in question was within the competence and
jurisdiction of the New Bnuiswick Leuislatiire
'. and that being the case he deemed it to be his
duty (o apply to Her Ma|esty s Government lor
I their instructions on the subj<'cl. Sir John

( I'

1 : Vwl

> V

Pli

,, :■(,

'til!

;!-■.

'Ml

Tl'TTLHS IIISTOI.'Y OK THE DOMINION OK CAXADA.

addod that as the matter was one oi' i^reat iiri-
poitiiuio to a large miiul)er ol' Her Majesty's
subjects, it was the intention oi'the Govornment
to ask tile House lor an appropriation to defray
the expenses ol a test ease so as to net a doc ision
i'roni the I'rivy Council.

7.— On the l-'Uh ol' May, Hon. Mr. Tilley gave
notice (>r a .series ol' resolutions re-adjusting the
,(,.„,.„„„„.„,, .,.„„, d.'l.t ol' the Dominion, on the
''''"• basis ol' the Dominion assuming

the whole debt of the Provinee of Canada at
the tinu' ol'C'onl'ederatiou (>;T-!.0Ut;,()SS.84) instead
of $tl2,")00,000 as provided in the 13ritish North
America Act ; the other Provinces to be allowed
a i>roportionate increase. On his movinu' the
House into (.'omniittee. on the lOtli, Hon. Mr.
Mackenzie asked what reason there was for
assuminu' the debt of the Province in that way.
Hon. Mr. Tilley replied that applications had
been received i'rom Quebec, Nova Scotia and
Manitoba, and indirectly from New Brunswick,
for increased sul)sidies on the gi'ound that the
l)rescnt allowance was not of the same value as
in liStJT, and they could not pay their local
<haru'es with it. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said this
was a most extraordinary proposition, and he
did not believe any other Government would
have made such a proposal without consulting
the Goveninients of Ontario and Quebec. Sir
John A. Macdnnald tlumLiht it was for the best
interests of the Dominion, as it was not to the
advantage of the Dominion to have the two
leading Provinces in a state of semi-hostility on
the (jucstioii "1 the di\ision of the surplus debt
of till' old Province o\: Canada, this arrangement
would settle that dil'iculty. and make il easier
to settle the (jucstion of a.ssets. The resolutions
wore adopted, and an Act based on them passed.

>i. — On the Itlth of May a messativ was
received from His l-^xcellcncy i'orwardinii' the
. , , „ i)ai)ers in connection with the

''•''"■'""•■'"'"'■ pro])osed admission of Prince
I'ldwai-d Island; and, on the iOtli, Hon. Mr.
Tillcv introduced a series of resolutions on
which to base an address to Her Majesty, in
conformity with the liriiish North America
Act, prayiiiii for the union of the Island with

the Dominion. The terms of the Union may

I be brielly summarized as follows : The Island.

j having a population of over 94,000, to be allowed

, six representatives in the Commons ; debt to be

, taken at $4.701,or)0 and interest at 5 per cent ,

! either charged or allowed as it exceeds or falls

[ below that amount ; the Dominion to allow

$4.5,000 per annum, loss ■'> ' on any amount not

exceedinii' $S00.00O advanced by the Dominion

for the ]>urpose of purchasiny' lands from the

proprietors of the old grants ; subsidy to bo

$30,000 per annum, aiul eiuhty cents per head

of population ; steam service between the Island

and the Mainland to be maintained by the

Dominion; Dominion to assume the Island

Railway and also the Law Court building on

payment of .$t)!),000. In moving the resolutions,

Hon. Mr. Tilley stated that the (Government

had been trying ever since Confederation to

effect an union with this beautiful and fertile

island, which hrvd at last been accomplished

and Confederation compli'ted. He explained

that the total exi^ense of the Island to the

Dominion would be about §480,000 per annum,

and the reci'ipts, based on those (d' the last year,

about s44I,0(lO. The address was adoi)ted, and

a l)ill providing for the admission of the Island

introduced and passed.

it.— On the 17th of May, Sir John A.
Macdouald introduced a .series of resolutions
with reference to the repeal of

,, t 1 i.- J • 1 Siil.-i.lv t'T ri'i.i'iil (if

the export duties on tunoer .■x|...ri.iiiiv.,iiiiini.iT

1 ■ XT Ti • 1 '" -^''^ liriiii^tt'ifk.

charged ni New Isrunswick.
In support of his r(>solutions. Sir John A.
Macdonald said that New Ihunswick had an
luidoubtod riuht to impose this tax. but it was
very inconvenient that she should, and as the
Washington Treaty rendered it necessary that
the lax should be repealed in order to secure
to Canada very substantial advantages, he
thouiiht it would 1)0 a good baru'iin for the
Dominion to buy the riaht and at)oli.sh the tax.
This would settle all the (piestions under the
Washinii'ton Treaty except that of what money
compensation wo should receive for the dill'er-
once in value of our l-'isheries and those of the
United States. Hon. Mr. Tilley said that this

(iOVKRNMENT OF TJIK KAJU. OF DUFKHllIN— TlIK rAClFIC SCANDAL!

.MiM'i'lliiiic'iiiis Ac-!.".

tax had been levied by New Ihuiiswick on all
timber lloated down the St. John Itiver lor
ahont thirty years, and had proved a tax on
Canada as well as the United States. He gave
•statistics of the revenue derived from this
source lor many years. ^Ir. Findlay objeeted
to the Dominion pledging itsell' to pay $150,000
a year forever when in a tew years all the
timber from which this tax is derived would
l)e cut down Hon. Mr. Holton rontended that
the sum named was twiee as much as New
Brunswick derived from the tax at present,
and that it was only giving her '• Better Terms "
in an underhand manner. After some further
discussion, in which Messrs. Tilley, Hincks.
Mackenzie. Wood, Tupper, Merritt, Currier
and Mills participated, the resolutions were
adopted ; and a Bill bpsed on them was sub-
sequently introduced end jnissed.

10. — Amongst the other Acts passed was one
creating the P; [lartment of the Interior, and
al)olishing the Department of
Secretary of State for the Pro-
vinces; one for regulating lands in Manitoba;
for the Inspection of Steamboats ; on the carriage
of dangerous goods; with reference to Harlior
Masters in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ;
Port Wardens of Montn-al and Queliec ; Trinity
House, (Quebec ; trial of Controverted Elections ;
Superannuation ; Ocean Mail Service; Natu-
ralization of aliens ; Free Grants in Manitoba;
Continuing- the Insolvent Act until next Session ;
Bank lieturns; Patents; Militia; Weiiihts and
Measures; Gas Inspection; Pilotage; Wrecks
and Salvaii-e ; Carryinu' Deck Loads ; Trinity
House, Montreal, «S:c., iS:e. An Act was passed
giving the Goveruor-in-Couiuil power to issue
bonds for $1,500,01)0 at 5 i)er cent, for forty years,
to deepen the channel between Montreal aiul
(Quebec to twenty-two feet, and widen it to three
hundred feet. Amongst the Local and Private
Acts were one Incorporating tlie Dominion
Board of Trade; one regnlating the rate of
interest in Nova Scotia; Incorporating the
Stadacona Bank, Quebec, capital $1,000,000;
Imperial Bank, Toronto, capital $1,000,000;
Victoria Hank of Canada, Montreal, capital

$1,000,000; Pictou Bank, capital $500,000; T.ank
of St. Hyacinthe, capital $500,000; Central
Bank of Canada. Montreal, capital $l,<iOO.n00.
A number of amendments to Railway Acts were
also passed, as well as Acts yrantinu' charters to
In.surance and other Companies. Altogether
Idi't Bills were pa,s.sed, and all receive'" Uoyal
assent. The House was adjourned on the ■2'-'>n\
of May to the 13th of August, and was then
prorogued.

CHAPTER XXXV.

(lOVKHN.MKXT (>F TilF K.\I{L OF DI'FFKIM.X.
TIIK I'AOiFlC sew DAL.

l.Tui-:P.\CIFI('S('AM)AI-.— 2.Cll.\I!TKl! (Ul.VM'i:!)

TO THI-: Canadi.vn Pacific Ivaiiavav Com- i
I'A.XY. — :>. CoNDiTio.N's oi-' Till-: Chaktek. — i

4. IvpntARIvS ON THIC CllAlMEE. — 5. II(i\. MlJ. !
HrXTI.NGTON's ClIAROK oI'' <Ul!i: tTTION. — li. ;
S.A[AI,I.EFFECT<)F Till': -MOTION. — 7. SiK.ToiIN |
A. Macdo.n'am) moves for a Co.M.MITTEK. — s.
Tkk Oath's Bii,l. — o. The Committkk pro-
poses an AD.10UKNMENT To li.NU oK JuLV. —

10. The Committee TO SIT uruiNd iu:ci.ss. —

11. Adjournment.

1. — We come now to the most imiiortant
event which has ever occurred in Caiiat'ian
historv. and a repetition of which

■'. , ^, Til.' l'M.-ili.-.S.>:ll|.l;ll.

we sincerely trust it may
never l)e the painful duty of a future historian
to recall — thi- down-fall of a [)owerful antl
popular Ministry belore a i liarge of gross
corruption. In approaching' tliis siibjeit we
Hiul it extremely dilfieult to avoid writinu'
in what may be considered a party si>irii
— for the question assumed so much the toi-m
of a purely party mie, tliat tlu' Lirossness aiul
immorality ol the otl'cnsc charued to have been
coimnitted was to a great extent lost sight
of; and the '(Ui'stioii became imt so much
whether the Ministry was morally liuilty or not,
but whether the Opposition would be able to
inore them guilty — ; but we shall endeavour

■ iM

lif"!

; 1 ■'

1 ^

:!7(i

Tl'TTMlS JIISTOI.'Y (>F TIIK DoMIXIOX OK CANADA.

to rtihaly and dispassionately rolatc tho cir- and slioiild rocoivi- the i)osition, and Senator

tinnstancH's in iho chronoloiiical seiiucnce in
Avliiili thi'v (itiuncd. reserving- any opinion
until the t-onrjnsion ol'lhc ailiiir, and, nieanlinu',
l)eini>' lari'lul that we • nothing extennatc, nor
set down aniiht in malice." The mere fact of its
havinn' lieeii po.ssil)le that so urave a charge a.s
that contained in what is popularly known as
•• rhe racilic Scandal " eould be made against
a ("anadian Ministry is a sad blot on onr political
escutcheon, and far ])e it from ixs to endeavour
to siako the dark '^pot any ()lacker, or its
hideousness any greater than the bare fads
themselves .show it to be.

'2. — In a i)revious Chapter we have Iraeed the

formation of the two rival Companies for

1)uildiiig the Pacilic Railway —

ih.C:.Mw.iiiiii I'nriiic tiie Canada i acilic Kailwivy

liail\v:iy ('iiiii|>aii.v. i i i v •

C ompany and the inter-Oceanie
li'ailway Company — and also the passage of an
Act givinii' the Ciovernor-in-Coun'.il authority
to contract with either of these Companies, or
with both amalgamated, or to iiiant a charter to
a new Company on the basis of a money subsidy
of $;J0,U()(),()0O and a land i>rant of .")0,<iO0,00(l
acres. it will be recollected that the two
Companies were highly amagonistic, the
Canada Paciiic. with Sir Hugh Allan at its head
being regarded as representing the interests of
Quebec, while the Inter-Oceanic, under the
leadershij) of Seinitor Macpherson, was supposed
to mote ])articularly rei)re.sent the interests of
Ontario. The cry had also l)een rai.sed that a
number of American Capitalists interested in
the Northern I'aciiic Railway, were connected
with Sir Hugh Allan in the Canada Tacilic and
that if the charter was granted to that road it
would lo.se its distinctive character as a purely
Canadian road, and l)e converted into a mere
leedi'r to the Northern Pacilic. Thus the matter
stood at the close of the session of 1872. Shortly
after the prorogation of Parliament negotiations
were oi)encd between the two Companies with
a view to amaluamalion ; but a dillicidty
pre.sentcd itself in the matter of the Presidoncy
of the proposed amalgamated Conii)any, Sir
Hugh Allan in.sisling that he was entitled to

C.ilii|i(ii.l;s i.r (lie
CliMitir.

Macj)herson and his supporters contending that
the selection of the President should be left to
the Directors. Other dilliculties as to the
partition of stock also occurred, biit might,
possibly have ])een surmcmnted, but on this
<juestion of the Presidency neither party seemed
dispo.sed to give way, and eventually the
negotiations fell ihrinigh ; and, thetJovernment
not caring to give the charter to eillier Company
as it existed, a new Company was formed, with
Sir Hugh Allan as its President, called the
Canadian Pacilic Railway Company, to whiih a
charter was eventially granted by Letters Patent,
under date. 'ith of February, 1873.

;!. — The capital of the new Company was
810,00i),000, of which $3,84t],000, or nearly five-
thirteenths was held in the
Province of Ontario ; ^:!,0Tt!,0O(i.
or nearly four-thirteenths, in the Province of
(Quebec, and §700,300, or a trilie over one-
thirteenth, in each of the Provinces of Nova
Scotia, New Itrunswick, Manitoba and 15riti.sh
Columbia.* The stoctk was to be is^sueil in
one hundred dollar shares, and was not to be
transferable for six years witliout the consent
of the Dominion Oovernmeut and the Directors.
Ten per cent, was to be paid up at once and
deposited with the Receiver Crt'neral. The
guage of the road was to be four feet eight and
one half in<hes ; work was to be commenced
at both ends simultaneously by the 20th of
.luly, 187^!, and the road completed by 1881, if
possible. The Government to have the right
to order each section of twenty miles as
completed to be worked for local tratlic. The
^lanitoba section (from the main line to the
United States frontier) to be comi)leted by the
31st of December, 1874, and the Lake Superior
section (from some point on the main lint^ to
Lake Superior) to be compleied l)y the 31st of
Dec'.nnber, 1S7<!. The land grant was to bo

• Tlu' imrties In wlinm tin- Clmrtcr wjis 'mMiilc*!, ui'Yo. Sir ilim'li Alli'ti,
.MuiiIi'imI : lliiii..\. li. .Aivliiliiiia, lliililax : II»ii..l.o. Ik'aul.iiMi, (jiii'lii'i' :
.1. II. Ilcai|.|i-,v,.\l"iilr.'.il ; !■:. K iliinpi'f.Sl. .l-lm. .\. II ; I'.W. Cmiilu'iliiiiil,
Tiirniil"; SmiiiH.ii'.I I'l.'iiiiiix, eilawii : li. N. Hull, SluTlin"ilir. 1". I). :
Hull .1. S. Ili'liiu-lioii. \iilciriii. II. C. ; A Mrlii'itii"!. Wiiiniiifit, .Man.:
II. .Mi'liiiK's llainillc.ii; Wall.'i' Sli.iiili'V, Alnndi'.il : .Inliii Walkor,
liiinildti.

ul SiMiator
iidiiin' that
[ bo lolt to
IS to the
)ut iiiioht.
It on this
rty st'eiut'd
itually the
oveinment
• t'ompany
•lHt'«l, witli
called the
to which II
eis Patent,

ipany was
learly five-

linli- n|- tllC
i-V.

rovinco ol"
over oue-
•( ol' Nova
id IJvitish
is^iut'tl in
; not to be
10 consent
Directors,
once and
il. The
iii'ht and
nunenced
;oth of I
1S81, 11 I
the ri'^j'ht I
miles as I
ic. The I
to the I
d by the |
Superior
n line to
.•JLst of
as to be

' llM>.-h MN'ii.
liii'ii, (JiHiliiH':

. Ciiiiilii'i'l I,

hUi', I'. I). :
Hli|>(■^^ .Mull. ;
..liii UmIIum',

lie

(iOVKIJNMHXT OK Till': KARL OF Dl'I'FHJnN— TIIK PACIFIC SCA.ND.M.

50,000,000 acres, to lie <>ranted in blocks twenty
miles deep, by not less than six, nor more than
twelve miles in width, alternating- with blo<ks
of the same size reser\ ed by the tJovernment.
The branch lines to receive iirants of t\v Kty-
live thousand acres a mile for the Lake Superior,
and twenty thou.sand for the Manitoba branch
If any blocks were found unlit for .set '.lenient, the
Company should not be obliged to take a
greater dept than one mile, the difference to be
made up (ml of other (iovernment laiuls, the
lands to be granted at intervals of six months
as the work |)rogres.sed. The land retained ])y
the (Jovernmeiit was to l)e held lor the lirst
twenty years at an upset prici' of two dollars
and a half an acre, unless the Company sold
any land for less than that price. Tht> moiu'y
subsidy was to be $:'.0,000.0()0 from wh-'h was
to be deducted whatever expense the Govern-
ment had been to for surveys. The papers
relatinu- to the granting of the Charter were
submitted to the House, on the i:Uh of March,
187;5, by message from the Governor-General.

4. — It would be dilhiult to lind anything
more satisfactory than the Charter appeared to
be. The rivalries of Ontario
and Quel)ec seemed to be ami-
cably settled by an e(juital)le distribution of
stock; the J5oard of rrovisional JJirector.s — the
gentlemen to whom the Charter was granted —
were all men of staiidinu' and position in their
respective Provinces; and the fear that control
of the road might be obtained by American
Capitalists interested in the Northern Pacilic
llailwa ; was g-uarded against l)y making the
stock non-franslerable for six years, without the
consent of tiie (Iovernment and the Directors.
Stnni' exception was taken to the laiul clauses
which seenii'd to give I lie Company •' the pick "
of the best seclions; and to the provision that
the Government should not sell for tw^enly
years for less than two dollars and a half an
acr(>, by those who were in favor of making
free grants of lands to immigrants; but it must
be remembered that the Governmeni never
propo.sed to oiler these lands in immediate
proximity to the railway to settlers gratis,

Hl'lll: ks nil llio

I'liiiri

ways holding that the .sale of the.>>e lands
would eventually recoup the country lor the
large money subsidy it was irivinij-; and as to ;he
" pick," it is hard to see how the Company could
gain very much by thai as it could only take
alternate s.'cti<nis of eipial size with the Govern-
ment. Altogether, the terms of the Charter
were satisfactory, and the fact of Sir Iluuh Allan
being at the head of the Company, added great
strenii'lh to the enterprise, and iiave it e\ery
possible prospect of success. Sir iliiiih .Allan
was not only the largest capitalist in Canada,
and the one best known in I'iurope, \,n\ he had
the reputation — which is someliiiies e\ I'U better
than capital — of beinn' n " bu ky " liiiaucier.
ISverything in which he ei'gaii'ed proved suc-
cessful. The Steamship Coiiiiiany which ln)re
his name was one of the laru'est and most pros-
perous cro.ssing the Atlantic; tiie Merchants'
l>ank, of which he was President, stooil second
to none amongst our liuaiicial instil utioiis for
soundness and u'ood management ; the Montreal
Telegraph Company, of which he w a> I'roidcnt,
was j)aying laruer dividends than any siii:ilar
Com)iny on the continent ; all the otiier Com-
panies with which he was eoiineclcd wcie
prosperous, in fact he .seemed tlie eiubodimeiit
of Canadian suicess, the word • failure '" had
never been a.ssociated with his name. and il was
lelt that if it was possible for any Coinpaiiv to
inspire Canadian and English capitalists with
sullieient conlidence to furnisli the largi' sums
of money necessary to build the Cana<lian
Pacilic Railway, it wouM be more likely to be
the one over which he presided than any other.

;"). — Still everything was not entirely satis-
factory, and .soon vaiiue rumors bcjaii to be
alloat that undue means had
been used to ootam the (. barter : t..n\.ii,ii).v(ir
but it is safe to say that very few
l)e' -ous in Canada were prepared lor the serious
chariie made by the Hon. Mr. Iluntiimton IVoin
his plac(> in Parlianu'iit on the "Jnd of April.
1873, that the Government had i orruptly .sold
the Charier to Sir Huuh Allan and his IViiMids
in consideration of large sums of money w liich
were si)ent during the geneial election in

I! it

II M

|i I

TUTTLH'S IIISTOIJY OK TllK KoMINIOX OK CANADA.

assisliiiii' .sui)portor.s of the Govcnunciit to l)iiy
their Wiiy into Farliamont. AVc cannot do
bettor than fopy the motion as niado I'rom tlu'
Votos and I'vocoodinn's of that date : Hon. Mr.
UtmtinLiton moved, "That Mr. lluntington, a
member of this House, having stated in his
phice, that he is credildy informed and believes '
that he can establish l)y satisfactory evidence : —

'• That in anticipation of the ieyislation of
last session, as to the Pacilic llaihvay, an
aii'reement was made between Sir Hugh Allan,
aelini;- for him.self, and certain other Canadian
promoters, and Ct. AV. McMuUen, acting for
certain I'nited States cajiitalists, whereby the
latter an'reed to fn.ni.sh all the funds necessary
for tlie construction of the contemplated
Ivailway, and to give the former a certain
percentage of interest, in consideration of their
interest and positicm, the scheme agreed on
being ostensii)ly that of a Canadian Company
with Sir Huiih Allan at its head ; |

" That tlu^ Government were aware that nego-
tiations were pending between these i)arties ;

•' That subsequently, an understanding was
come to between the Government aiul Sir
Hugh Allan and :Mr. Abbott, M.P., that Sir
Hugh Allan and his friends should advance a
large sum of money for the purpose of aiding
the elections of Ministers and their supporters
at the ensuing general election, and that he
and his IVieuds should receive the contract for
tiie construction of the Railway;

'That accordingly. Sir Hugh Allan did
advance a laru'c sum of money for the juirpost-
mentioned, and at the solicitation, and under
the pressing instances of Mini.'^ters;

" That part of the monies, expended by Sir
Hugh Allan in connection with the obtaininij-
ol the act of incori)oration and charter, were
paid to him by the said United States capitalists i
under the aiiieement with him: it >

" ( )r<lered, that a Committee of seven members j
be appointed to en<iuire into all the circum-
stances connected with the negotiations lor
the construction of the Pacilic Railway, with
the legislation of last session on the subject,
and with the granting of the Charter to Sir

Hugh Allan and others ; with power to send
for persons, pajx'rs and records ; and with
instructions to report in full the evidence taken
bel'ore, and all proce-'dings of said Committee."
The motion was read by Mr. Huntington
without any ]n-eface or remarks, and was
received by the House in dead silence. After
a jiause of a moment there were cries of
" Carried" by the Oi)position, and '• l.,ost "' from
the Ministerial benches, when a division being
called for, the House divided and the motion
was lost by a vote of 7'! for. to 107 ayainst.

fi. — H is doubtful whether in any other Par-
liament than that of Canada so startling a
statement, and one so nearly s.nuii.iu.c „nho

concerningthehonor and honesty """•

of the Ministry of tiie day, could have been
received in such a manner. A ministerial paper i
on the following day announced that the motion '
had bi'en '• voted down in the contemi)tuous
silence it deserved,'' aiul the general tone of the !
Ministerial press and ol Public Opinion at this
time was that the motion was only a " dodge " |
of the t)pposition intended to annoy the Ministry
and not a very well manaued dodge at that.
Unforttuiately for the political morality of
Canada the press, of all shades of jwlitics, has
for the last forty years or so, felt it a duty in-
cumbent on it to endeavor to prove that all its
political opponents, whohai)pened to be in olhce j
at the moment, were the li'reatest rascals ami the !
most unprincipled nuui generally that could be i
found in the Province ; indeed, judging from
the tone of the party press alone, it would
appear that only the scum ros(> to the top of
political life and tiiat the only chaiU'C a jn'o-
minent politician had of being reiiarded as an
honest and upright man was for him to die, ,
when it wovild generally be discovered that he
, had possessed virtui's of which he had never ,
during his lifetime been suspected ; but even j
death would not always shield him from abuse, j
and occasionally some politiial ghouls would be ,
found to pursue a man even alter he had
departed this life, and to blacken the reputation \
he had left hehind him. Charges of bribery and
corruptit)n were so freely and indiscriminately i

i- ^^~:-...=L}

COVKIJXMHNT OF TlfM EAFJT. OV Dri'FKRIX— TJIK PACIFIC SCANDAL.

37!>

made that the rry had lost its potency; no
election took place without the organs of each
party charuinii' the other wilh - the most open
and harelaced corruption," and the puldic ear
and the publi<' eye had become so accustomed
to hearing- and seeina- these char^'cs niade
without any ibundatiou in trutii that they tell
unheeded and disreg'ardcd. Il was the old story
of the boy and the woli, tlie I'alse alarm had
been raised so ol'lcn that wIkmi there really was
danf^er no one paid much attention to the cry
raised. Another point whii h tended to lessen
the force of the blow was that it was made by
Mr. Huntinu'ton, an Independent member of
Annexation proclivities, who although almost
always votinn' with the Opposition was not
regarded as l>einu a member of the IJeform
party. It was urged, aiul with some tU'uree of
justness, that if the Opposition was in a i>o.sition
to prove this gross charge it would have Ijeen
preferred by the Leader of the party and not by
one who could scarcely even he regarded as
being amongst the rank and lile : and that the
party was not in a position to adduce any
evidence to sustain the charge made. Indeed it
appears very probable that at this time ^Ir.
Huntington was not really in possession of the
letters and teleu'rai ■"hich afterwards played
so conspicious a part in the controversy, but that
he had what he considered a sullicient basis
in more or less well authenticated rumors, and
hoped with the aid of what is jjopularly known
as a •' Fishing Committee ' to ))e able to dis-
cover sullicient evidence to prove his assertion.
7. — Be that as it may, the motion fell very
flat ; it was simply regarded as a direct vote of
want of conlldence in the
Mui'ili'iiiHMiii"vijr.ir Ministry, and as such imme-

II Cl)|lliniltl'l'. T,1 1, 1. TTl

diately voted down. ISut feir John
A. Macdonald knew full well that no Ministry
could long retain the conlidence of the House
and the counrry with such a oharsv hanging
over it ; and although he was promjit to vote
down Mr, Hnntingtoii's motion as of want of
conhdence. he saw that a Committee must be
ai)pointed, and, accordinuly, on tin* meeting of
the House on the following day, the Srd of !

April, he said " Mr Speaker, I beg to give
notice that I will on Tuesday next ask that tiie
House shall appoint a Special Committee of live
to be .selected by the House, for the piirpose of
considering the subjects mentioned in the
motion of the lion, member lor Shelford
yesterday. The Committee shall lie drawn by
the Hou.se, aiul, if need be, shall have special
power given them to sit in recess, an<l if need
be a Royal Commission shall be issued for the
purpose of giving them additional powers."
On the Sth Sir John A. Ma'dwiiald moved the
appointment of the Committee, and in doing ,so
said that the motion of the hon, member lor
Shelford had been voted down beciiuse it was
regarded as one of want of conlidence, and not
becau.se the Government desired to shirk iniiuiry;
the Government courted the fullest in([uiry,
aiul would be ready to issue a commission so
that the Committee could sit after iirorogation
and take evidence on oath ; h<> did not think
lliat the House had power to authorize the
Committee to sit after prorogation, but that
dilhculty could be got over by i.ssuing a Royal
Commission, and he would take care that the
Commission was ordered to report to the House.
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie disclaimed any intention
on the part of the Opposition to vote a want of
conlidence in supporting;' the motion of the lion.
member for Shelford. He doubted whether it
was consistent with Parliamentary practice for
the Committee to sit after proroiia'ion, and
suggested that the Premier should introdiice a
short bill giving that power, and also the power
to this and other special Committees to take
evidence on oath. Sir John A. Macdonald
thought it wovxld be better to leave it to the
Committee to suuiiest the best mode of dealinii'
with the subject. He believed that the evidence
should be taken on oath, b;it doubted whether
the House had the power to authorizt; the
Committee to do .so, and auain suanested a Royal
Commission. Hon. Mr. Dorioii thought it
would be best to pa.ss a short bill iiiviim all
S|>ecial Committees (lower to take evidence on
oath ; a course which was also approved of by
Hon. Mr. Blake. Hon. Mr. Holton thouyht

» \

,M ill

liiif^'

ill

1 1
r:

1,1

:{so

TI'TTI.KS IIISTOIIY 01' Till': hOMINroN OF ("AXADA.

Tii.' iijiii^ r.iii.

tliiil n Court (>r liu|niry ronld not bo a Koyal
('i)iiimissi()ii and ii Piivliaiin'iitarv Coiiimitti-o at
llic same liiiK'; lie tli(nmht tlial the former
would Mipcrci'dc I lie lattiT, and Uie House lose
all cniitrol o\-er llie Connnittee. Sir John anain
renewed his oiler that il' a Conimission was '
isNued the return should l)e ordered to he made
to the House; ami the memhers were called in
and the Committee appointed hy the House.
The memhers of tho Conunittee were Hon.
Messrs. lilanihet. lUaUe, ])orion. MeDonald
(IMetou,) Cameron (Canhvell.)*

8.— On the ITth of April, the Hov .1. H.
Cameron, CI, irman of the Committee, pi .-;. nt jd
tin lirst report, recomend ■ 'it
a Hill he introdueed emjiow .ig
the Committee to examine witnesses upon oi la.
On the ISth, Hon. Mr. Cameron introdueed a
15ill providin'j,- for the examination upon oath of
witnesses before Committees of the Senate aiul
House of Commons. t It will he as well torenuirk
here that no Committee of the House, except
the Committee on I'rivate Ihlls, had at thir time
power to examine witnesses under oath, an I it
was an open question whether the Hoi.se had
authority to L!rant that power. The reason of
this doubt was that at the tinu- of the passageof
the British North America Act, iStlT, Committees
of the Imperial House of Coiranon>. did not
possess the power to examine witnesses under
oath, although Committees of the House of Lords
did. The Act L>ivinu- this power was not pas.sed
irntil isTI. Now the eighteenth section of the
Ibitish North America Act provides that, "The
rrivile^es. Immunities, and Towers to be hi-ld,
enjoyed and exercised l)y the Sen.ate and by the
House t>f Commons, and by the Members thereof
respectively, sliall be such as are from time to
time deliued by the .-Vi t of rarliament of Canada,
but so that the same shall never exceed tho.se at
the passing of this Act, held, enjoyed, and exer-

•Iti strikiiiff C'omiiiitteo> l-v tin- ItmiM' cacii member is ontitli'il to util.v
Mtu- V'ttf: there wi-re 17*' iirmiiImt-* iirc-ieiit iiiitl ttievnte stooil Hun. .1. *?.
IJliiu.'hot. .17: II.Mi, hMwiinl Uliikc. :iii : II. .n, .\. A, I)ori..ii. .f. : l[,m.
.Iniiie? ,Mi'l)'iniilcl,Hl : lluti, .1, M. CiimenHi. •*.'), .Mey.«r''. Ithike mul llorion
were U'luliiii- uieinKerK of tlie O|,|iositi.iri. mi'l the other iii' mher.« ol the
Committee were supporter" of Ihetioverittnent.

t This Aet. cMimiiioiily known ii.s the "ii:itli.s Mill." w:i: 'lisilloweil In-
Her Ma.icst,v l>isiillowaiR'e iiroehiiiiu'il on the 1st of .lul.v. l'*7.'l.

cised l)y the Ctmiinoiis Ilou.se ol' Parliament of
the United Kiniidom of Crreat liritain and
Ireland, and by the nu'mbers thereof," and it was

[ argued that the Hous(> of Commons of the
Dominion could not in 187:! exercise a power
which the Imperial House of Commons did not
exercise in 18t)7. This view was held by Sir
.lohn A. Macdonald ami other eminent jurists,

: and the correctness of the view was al'terwards

I proved l»y the disallowance of the Act on the
advice of the Law Oliicers of the Crown. The
question as to the power of the House to pass

1 the Act was discussed at the lirst readinuon the

I 18th. and auain on the .second reading on the
•^Ist, the majority of the lawyers who spoke,
I. Iding that it was beyond the j>ower of the

1 H<';'^ while Hon, Mr. Dorion and others held
that tiie power was inherent in the Hou.se and

j could be exercised at will. It was further urged

I that an Act had been iiassed duriu<>' the session

; of 1868, authorizinu' the Clerk of the Senate to

swear any person being examined at the bar of
! that House, and the Chairman or any member
ol any ('(mimittee of either House, to swear any
witness respecting a Private P>ill referred to it;
1 which Act had received the Royal assent, and the
House was still acting uiuler it on Private Bills.
In rei)ly to this it was nrged that the Act of
1808 h;ul probably escaped th(> attention of
the Law Oihcers of the Crown ; and Sir John
A. Macdonald renewed his oiler of a Roytil
Commis.sion. which was not accepted. The
Oaths Bill passed its thii\i readinii' in the House
on the 21st, in the Senate on the 20th, and, on
the 3rd of May, Ilis Excellency came down to
the Senate Chamber and gave his assent to it.
togethi'r with some other l)ills.

•I, — The Bill beinii- now, i'or all practical
purpo.ses, law, the Committee was expected to
proceed at once ; but, to the .,.,„. ,.„„„„i„„,
surprise of some members, the !,'!i",l',Vn',m'ent to 'Jnii
Chairman, Hon. Mr. Cameron, "'•'"'*
on the 5th of May, presented another report
coverimi' a series of resolutions adopted hy the
Committee to the eil'ect that owinu' to the
aK^ence of Sir George E. Cartier and the Hon.
, J. J. C. Abbott in Eimland — both material
i "

M. ;,i

I'liilllK'Ut 1)1'

ritnin mikI

iiiid it wiis

•lis of the

;o a powor

ms did not

eld l)y Sir

lUt jurists,

iiltcrwiirds

\.'t on tlic

nvn. Thi>

so to jiass

[iniion the

iny- on tlic

ho si)ok(',

m'Y of the

ith(>rs hold

House and

thcr urged

lie si'ssioii

Senate to

the l)ar of

y inombcr

swear any

rred to it ;

nt, and the

vale r.ills.

he Act of

ention of

Sir John

a Roval

d. The

he House

1, and, on

' down to

sent to it,

It:

practical
;pe. ted to

iniliiitfoo
iniciit iD'Jml

ler report
d In- the

;• to the
lii(> Hon.
material

(iOVRRNMKNT OF TriK KARt- OP DHPFKRIN— TflK PAOrFK* SCAVl>AI„

:;hi

witnesses to the investiii'ation — the Committee
should adjourn until the 2n(l of July, if Parlia-
ment should then he in session; that the
proteedinys of the Committee should he secret;
that the Committee should he empowered to
sit at such jilaco or places as may be found
expedient ; and that the Committee report the
resohations and ask the consent of the H<mse to
them.* On the sixth a lonii' debate took place
on I he motion of Hon. Mr. Cameron to adopt
the resolutions contained in the report, except
that rtdating" to the meetings of the Committee
beinu' ])rivate, which the (Sovernment had i
decided not to urge. The resolutions were
that the Committee .should adjourn until the
2nd of July, if the House should then be in I
session ; and thnt the Committee should have
leave to adjourn from place to place. The di'bate i
was very acrimonious, the Opposition asserting I
that the Government was trying to burk ;
iiKjuiry; that it had delayed the jiassage of the 1
Oaths I'ill which instead of ))eiiiu- \nit through
at once, as had been promised, had taken
nearly a month bel'ore it received the Eoyal
a.ssent ; and that everything that could possibly
be done to delay inquiry was done. Sir John
A. Macdonald clainu'd that the Government
was as anxious as the Opposition to have
the inquiry ; but said that the Government
was, to all intents and purposes, inpeached and.
placed on its trial ; and he asked in the name
of British fair play i'' it was just to urge that
that trial should be hurried toward while the
witnesses on whom they relied to exonerate
them were alisent. After a long debate Hon.
Mr. Dorion moved an amendment which after
recounting the motion originally uiadeby Hon.
Mr. Huntinuton, continued : •' That since the
appointment of the Committee, when llie unani-
mous i'eeling of the House was that the enquiry
should be actively prosecuted duripu' the
present session, nothing had occurred to justify

• Tlifso rrsitliitidiis were nil inlupti'il in CitinmittiM' (in rho pnstiiiff vnto
"f tiio Chiiirnmn, .Mi'^srs. Itljilit* ;niil I'nrinn volink' ji»:ai(ist tlirni. Tin'
Cnnimilti'p ));i<l Ix'L'Ti riirni>h(Mi l>\- linn. .\Ir. lliitinptun with » \\<t i>r
witnesses tilt* llr.-*! cil' wiinrn wii.-jSir Frnm-i?; llinks juul Hun. .Mr. I'nrinn
iniivpcl in iinu-n<ttni'i)( to tirst rr^olutinn iliiit Sir. Knnicis iio .•nllcil
lit'l'nro tlicCuininiltrt'.lHit thr irnctHlint'iit w;!-' Inst li\' the i-astiric vnte nf
the CliiiirniMM.

'I'lir Cdiiiniiri.-o til
-it iIiir'tiL' ri-r*'«y.

the proposed adjournment of the Committee to
the 'indof July ; but on the contrary the interests
of the country im|)eratively demand that the
in(juiry should be |)rosecute(l without further
deliiv." The amendment was lost on division.
7ti lor, 107 against.

10. — Hon. Mr. Cameron then moved ih, the
select Utmmittee should have leave ) sit
althouuh the House* mitiht not
be sitting at the time the Com-
mittee met; but at tlie .suggestion of Hon. Mr.
Holton the motion was allowed to stand as a
notice, and it was not until ten days atterwards
— that is on the sixteenth that the (luestioncame
up for discussion. On the previous day, the
lifteenth. Hon. Mr. Huntiimton made some
further stali'i^'Ut to the House with reference
to his charii , ai ' attempted to read extracts
from some hitei wliich he claimed would
support his 'v.rg , hut was ruled out of order
by Mr. Sp -akev who decided that inasmuch as ;
the whole mr**er had been referred to a Com-
mittee anythuig in the way of evidence must be
l^roducc before that Committee, and not before
the Hou. .r. Hon. Mr. Huntiimton ihen moved
that inasmuch as he was credibly informed that
certain oriu'inal documents of the utmost im-
portance in proving the charges made by him
were in the hands of a trustet; under circum-
stances which reiulered it exceediniily doubtful
whether they might not be placed beyond the
reach of the Committee before it met aiiain on
the second of July ; the Committee be ordered
to meet at eleven o'clock next moriiiiiL;- when
he (^Mr. Huntington) would disclose the luune
of the trustee with a view to having iiiin
summoned to ]n'odu<e all documents in his
l)ossession relatiniito the iuijuiry.* The iiiotioii
was adopted. On the sixteenth tlie motion ofthe
Hon. Mr. Cameron that the Committee should
have leave to sit althouiih the House lie not
sittinii' was adopted by a vote of 101 for to (it]
against, an amendment offered by the Hon. Mr.

* Tlii« iniitiiin rclVrrcil til I'lTtiiin Ic'tli'r- Inun Sir lliii:li .Mluii in .Mr.
li. W. .Ml'. Mullen iiinl ntlii'ri, wliii'h I;mi| been iihicril in the liunil- nt' linn,
ll-'iir.v Sturnes tn he ili-livcrt'il utt tn Sir llut'li nn eprtnin i-nnilitinii-.
'rhe."!!' iliii'utnont^ wrri' iiniiniiiiih-il in hi' liniiil' ;iim1 iit'tiTwnnl-' i-rnilni-uil
liel'nrc till' llnJMl C"inini.''.iinn.

.. ,1

Sl :j^l "1

.L>

382

T(TTM:s JIISTOliY ol' Tlir, dominion of CANADA.

I u

Ailiniirniin'nt I'
liiii ..r AiPL'ii-l.

Doiioii that il was nocessary that the House
should sit on the day to which . tin- Couiniitti'e
was adjounifd. ha\iiiL:' l)i't'ii v:)It'd down l)y Hi)
lor to l(i1 aiiaiiisi.

11. — Thf (lUi'siioii of the Committee cuu-
tiuuiini- its iiii'ctiii^s al'tiT the date to which it
hat.', adjouvncd — the '2nd oi' July
— })eiiiL;' settled, the only other
[Miint to be d-'ii'rmiiicd was the adjournment oi'
the House. It is well known that ("omuiittees
ol' Parliament expire with prorouatiou, aiul.
therel'ore. to enal>le the Committee to hold its
meetinurs on and alter the :.'nd oi' July, it was
neces.sary to adjourn the House to some date
l)eyon(l that day, by whieh time the Committet
should have completed its lalnirs and be in a
p)sition to report to the House. On the 21st
ol' May. Sir John .\. Macdonald moved. "That
when the House adjourns on Friday next, it
do stand adjourned until Wediu'.sday, the i;3th
day ol' Auu:ust next," which was carried
witliout discussion or division. On the 2-5rd,
His Excellency canu> down to the Senate
Chamber aiul ti'ave his assent to ail the bills
passed duriiiu' the .session, including- the Sui)ply
Bill. On retuiuinu- to the Commons Chamber,
in answer to Hon. Mr. Mackenzie. Sir John A.
Macdonald said that the meeting- on the l;ith
ol' .-Vuiiust would be merely pro forma to receive
the report ol' the Comniiltee, which lould then
be jirinted ami distrilmted during- recess, and
that he did not think it was lu'cessary I'or more
than the Speakers ol' the two Houses to be
jiresent I'or I'ormal prorogation, as no business
would l)e transacted. Hon. Mr. Holtou thought
that it would be necessary that at least a quorum
ol' the House should be present. Sir John A.
^lacdonald said that there lu'cd be no occasion
I'or members Irom a distance to attend, as. if it
was necessary that a quorum should be present,
it wo\ild l»e a very easy matter to get that
numbi-r from anuma-st the members residing in
( )ttawa or its vi' inity, s(> that those who lived
at a distance might imt be i)ut to inconvenience.
He reiterated the statement that the meeting
would be simply /iro forma, and said that he
would take care that it was pro Jormn and

U(tthing else. Tin- House then adjourned. H
is well to note that there was nothing said by
either side at this time aboiU any business being-
transacted on the 13ih of Auuust, other than
receiving the re|)ort and immediate prorogation;
indi'cd the anxiety seemed to be to have it
deaily understood that no other business should
l)e transacted on that day. In view of the
great dissatisfaction afterwards expressed by thi'
Oppositirm because rarliameiit ira>( i)rorogued
on the lOth of Autrust, and tln' abuse which
was heai)ed on Lord Dutl'eriu bet ause he carried
out on that day the i)roiiramme which the
House had laid out for him on the 21st of Mav,
it is well to rellect on the unanimous opinion
of the House, at the time it was decided to
adjoixrn to the 13th of August, that no busiiu'ss
was to be transacted on that day. other than
that previously a'jreed on. And this fact of
the adjournment to the loth of August being
({uietly agi-eed to by the Opposition, strengthens
the impression that up to the time of the adjourn-
ment of Parliament neither Mr. lluntington
nor any of his i)arly weie in possession of any
positive evideiic e in support of his charges, but
were merely trusting to the Committee being-
able to procure that evidence : for had he then
been possessed of all the documents which were
afterwards published, there can be no doul)t
but that the Opposition w<mKl have insisted
that the meetiim- on the 13th of August should
be for Ifixsiuess : and it is another noticeable
fact that it was not uniil after the publication
of the McMullen correspondence that a single
Opposition paper Ijegan to claim that the
meetinu' on the Pith of Auntist should be for
any other purpose than prorogatitm.

CHAriER XXXVI.

(lOVr.iiX.M HNT « )F Till-: KA l!L Of DC l-'rKb'l N—
TIIK I'ACIFIC .scANDAb.— r'V,„/,„,/,v/.;

1. How TIIK M.\TTER SfooP .\T THK .\D.I()U1J.\-
MENT OF THE SES8IiiN. — 2. DlS.\M>()W.\N<E

(!()Vr.l!XMF,XT OI" THR EAVJ. (W DI'IM'KRIX— THK PACH'ir sr.\\|)AT,.

•■{S.-!

Um» tl Illl'l

-t iMt Hi.'

inljiMjrritiii'nt >>t' the

.Hetr^sinli.

i)i' THK Oaths 1?ili..— :}. run(KKniN<is of

THE CnMMITTKE. — 4. ruUMCVTlDN i >K SlI!

Iludii Allan's i.ettkhs. — '». Kkkeot ok tiik

PUHLICATION.— 0. SiH lIl'OH AI-I.AN'S AKKI-

DAViT. Its efkkct.

1. — It must 1)0 viMiitMnliftied thiit up to this
time — :i:!rcl dl' M:iy, 1ST;! — iiotliiiii!' Iiad hcon
adduci'd In show that •• an
uiidt'i'standiiiii' was romi' '<>
hotwt'i'u ihc Crovi'iumt'iit and
Sir Huyh Allan and Mr. Ahl.utt. MP., that Sir
Hugh Allan and his i'liends should advance a
larii'c sum ol' moiii'v lor tin' puiposc of aidinii'
tho Eh'rtioiis of Ministers aiul their sui)porters
at the ensuinj'- General l^lections, and that ho
and his Irionds should reeei\(' the eontrant lor
the construetion ol' the Waihvay," I'xcept the
statement of the Hon. Mr. Huntinuton, on the
2nd of .April, that ho was '• credibly informed "
and helievcd that he could .substantiate such
chariifo. The ("ommittee appointed had done
nothing; eacii side blamed the other for delay,
and l)0th tleelared thenistdves ready for investi-
ij'ation, yet ea(.'h wanted a little more than the
other was inclined to give. Sir John wanted,
and tried hard to persuade the Opposition
to accept, a Royal ( 'nnmiission, which co\ild
examine witnesses under oath ; the Opposition
insisted on haviiui a Committee under the
control of Parliament aiul uracd the passing of
a Bill authorizing the taking of evidence on
oath, whii h was dont'. Still Mr. Huntington
did not appear in a hurry to bring matters to
proof, and when the Committee was ready for
him to formulate his charue he sent a letter —
which, by-the-way, was not addressed to anyone
in [tarticular — through Hon. Mr. Horion, stating
that ho was " unexpectedly obliged to leave
town for a few days, " and forwarding a list of
witne.sse.s ho desired to have summoned, the
publicatioji of whicli tended to prejtidice
public opinion ;i little auainst the Ministry, for
it contained the names ol live Ministers as
important witiu's.scs: but, the general pul)lic
regarded Mr. Hixntiniiton's motion as mere
party warfare, and the House still reposed its

i eonlidenee in the Ministry and supported it by

' majorities of from thirty to forty.

2.— The Oaths Hill was a.ssented to on the :{rd

I of May, and on the same day Lord Dull'i-rin
forwarded a cortilied copy of the |,;.„iim«,mi,,.. i ii,e
B'll to the Colonial Secretary, """i'-'""-
'i'his action on his part was very freely criticised
by the ( (pposition press afler th.' disallowance
of the Bill, ami he was charned with aidinu' his
Ministers in delayin"- or defeatinii' investigation
into thi serious charu'i's nnido against them :
but it must bo rememborod that the opinion
had been freely expressed in Parliament iiy ^'ir
John A. Maediinald — who was the beeal
adviser of tiie (ioverner Cleiieral — that the Hill
was ////>7< vires, and althouiih His Excellency
had reason to think that his best course was to
take the advice ol his Ministers and sign the
Bill, ho had the undoubted rii^ht to consult
other authorities if he iiad — as hi' did have —
any doubt as to the strict legality of the Act.*
On the twenty-ninth of May a despatch was
received from the Karl of Kimberley acknow-
ledu'inii' the receipt of His Excellency's despatch
of liio third of May enciosinu' a cortilied copy
of the Oaths Bill, and informing him that the
Law Ollicers of the Crown had jn'onouncod it
III/ III fires. On Friday, the twenty-seventh of
June, His Exeelleucy, who was at (Quebec at
the lime, received a teleu'ram from the Earl of
Kimberley which read • Oaths Hill disallowed " ;

! and on Tuesday the iirst of July an Extra of the
CfutiiiLi (iiizelle was issued containing a Pro-
clamation announciii'^' its disallowance.

• T.iipl IiiilVi-rin ill lii.« vciy iiMo iiml tip ..I .li'S|.iili'li "f llu' full <>(
.\iiKiist, in Hliii'li 111- riiviowcil (In' hI'mIi' hiisi' nf tlif SiMiiiliit up In iiml
iiR'liiitiiii; till' |irnrnirjititiii mi the l-'-Ili, ^Jiiy.-* <ni tlii> pniiit : —
" tiitn (ho iii"tiM'> wliicli iii<tiiet'<l iiK' rtisiiiii'lit n tht'Ojih.^ r.iJI.Minl into

its siiljse'iiii'iil liisluiv, I 11 1 imt I'liiiT, 11.'! the Iciriiior iiri' "liitcil in my

ili'-l'.itih "tthi' .Iril .May. mill iliu liitiT I- ri'i/i'nli'il in y"iir I. nij-hip'.'
i'nrniniini.';i'i"ii iil 'mill .liiiii',— I'lit 1 in:iv mIj-ci-vl' in i>.'is-imr. th.it !iiiii)iiii^t
nlhi-'r io.-|iii-is in whii'li iin ciiiiliK'! Ini- l^'i'ii i-ritiiiM''!, ilir liii't ..f my
li:i\ iim fiinmuiiii'iiti'd tti y.u li>' the tirsi iiiniurf nity a Cfitilifl i',.|iy of
the ii.itb> IJil!. Im.'' Iiei'ii ii very ifi.'iier:il jHiint nl iittiick. 1 iipiirclii'ii'l it

I will nut ill' m.'('i"siiry tci.iiKiily my.^ciri" ymir l,iiril-hi|> in Ihi.-^ liiirliiuliii'.
.My l;iw-inl\ i^iT hml .'iiilnl myatti-ntiun to tlir poynliilit.N ipl'the liill Lciin.'

illc'tMl. Ihnl |ii'r.iiirt''l ti'uliinony lii'i'ii ti'ii'li'ivl iiihler if imu'ci'iliin:.-

I'oiiM li;i\i' hci'n liiki'll .iif;lin.-l tllf 'li'lill<|lK'lll.;liHl if. ilntlcr tlli'M- I'iri'llin-

I ."tiiin-i's. I liml wiiriilly vvitlihfl'l I loin the llonu' I o.vor ■■ni nil coL'iiizain'c

of till' .\.-t. it noiihl hiive ln'Cii ii i,'rii.-- lU'ieliitioii ol iliiiv. To tho.-i' in

thi- coiinlry who hiiM' ■lUc.-li I in.'' pr iiiri' it wouhl he -iidh-ii'iil to

reply, tliiit I icroBiii/i' MO Miithorily on thi- -i'lc ol tin' .Mhintic poinpi'iont
toinstrui't llic lioii'inor-iii'iH'iiii a; to till' iiaturi' o| hi." i'oiTi>|ion.leiii'i'
witli lli'i- .Mllje^'ly'.•' Sui retary ol Slate. "

iiu

Im-

1 »t

mm''

\a-

:js4

TITTI-K'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANAnA.

:!.— On tl»t' -Jiid of July tlif S.'K-.t Comiuitti'o
mot. purNuaiit to adjournment, in Montnnil,

i'rn..,.,.,ii„„,„r .1,0 ''" ^'»'' >'i''"i'"'i'- •>'^i"M- pv.'soul.
''""""'"'■'• 'I'll.' ConunilliM'm. 'tin tlic Ai)iH'iil

Court Room, and lli<' Cliairiiian. Hon. .1. II.
Cameron, announrod that he had roceivt-d a
• omniunicalion I'lom the Mini.stcr of .lustitc
inl'orminn' hiiu ol' the disiiUowiuif." ol' tiic Oaths
Hill; therel'ore, the Committee wniild not have
power to swear wilne.sse.s. Hon. A. A Dorion
at once moved that Sir l''ran« is llincks. the
hrst witness on llie list, he called. Hon. Mr.
McDonald ll'ictou), moved an am -ndment to
j the ell'ect that inasnuu h as the House had
i instructed the Committee to take evidence on
Chith, aiul the Bill authorizinir them to do .so
' had Iteen disallowed, that the Committee could
not proceed \vitho\it i'urther i istructions irom
the House, A (lehate ensued on this in which
Hon. Messrs. Blake iS: Dorion hold that when
the Conuniltee was appointed it wiis as an ordi-
nary rarliamcntary Committee ; that nothing
was said then about evidence being taken on
oath, that heinii'an after instruction ; and that the
Bill auihorizinu oaths to hi' administered having
been disallowed, the Committee reverted to the
])osition it occupied l)ef(»re that passed, and was,
therefore, (juite competent to continue the inves-
tigation withoiit sworn evidence, ami they urged
that the examination of witnesses should be
proceeded with. Hon. ^Ir. Cameron, said that
j not only the Hou.se hut the whole country
j expected that the evidence should he taken oii
i oath and no other testimony would be salisi'ac-
^ tory. He thought there was one way in which
the dilliculty could be overcome, and that was
by getting the (rovernraent to ask Mie Home
authorities to pass an .A.ct in Imperial Parliament,
which was in session, giving the Dominion Hoitse
the power it lacked when the Oaths Bill was
passed; and suggested an adjournment for
twenty-four hours that he might consult the
I'remier. Hon. Mr. Dorion objected to the
Government suugestina- a cliange of the consti-
tution of the country without consulting Parlia-
ment. It might not be very important in a small
matter like this, but if the principle was admitted

it might be used in very important matters. Hon.
Mr. Cameron said what was wanted was that
the Imperial Parliament shcnild legalize an
illegal Act which the Dominion Parliament had
passed, believing it had the power to do so.
The Committee then adjourned till Thur.sday,
the :!rd. aiul on reassembling Hon. Mr. Cameron
read a letter from Sir John A. Macdonald stating
that in the al)sence of the (iovernor-General. he
coidd not say whether the Government would
ask the Imperial authorities for the leuislatioii
suggested by the Chairman of the Committee;
but, if the Cominitttee desired it, he would
sid>mit the question to the Privy Council. The
motion of Hon. Mr. McDonald, that the Com-
mittee could not jn'oceed without further
instruction from the House was then carried,
Hon. Messrs. Blake and Dorion voting against
it, and Hon. Me.ssrs. BlaiKhet, McDonald and
Cameron for it. On motion of Hon. Mr. Blanchet
the Committee then adjourned to the l.'Jth of
August to meet at Ottawa. After the adjourn-
ment Hon. Mr. Cameron reail a letter addressed
to him as Chairman of the Committ(>e by Sir
John A. Macdonald, ollering to issue a Royal
Commission to the members of the Committee
so that they could continue their labors; the
Commission being instructed to report to the
House. Thi.'^! oiler was declined by Hon. Messrs
Blake and Dorion, and the Committee adjourned.
4. — On the morning of the 4th of July the
people of Montreal and Toronto were astonished
by the publication in the Herald i.„i,ii,.„,i.„i,.isii
and Globe of a number of tele- ""^-i' ■MI""''' '""<■'-
grams and letters from Sir Hugh Allan to Mr.
G. W. McMullen, Mr. C. M. Smith, and another
gentleman whose name was not given, which
were claimed to be the letters which were
impounded in the hands of the Hon. Henry
Starnes and on which the Hon. Mr. Huntington
had based his charge that the Government had
.sold the Charter to Sir Hugh Allan and a
numl)er of American capitalists in consideration
of a largi! sura of money to be used in aiding
the t'lections of Ministers and their friends.
This correspondence consisted of three telegrams
and seventeen letters, covering a space of time

(lOVKIJN'.MKNT oF IlIK KAUI- OF DIFFHUIX TIIK I'ACIFIC SCAXhAL.

irom till- Hth of (tctohor, ISTI, in llif lUHi
Si'i)li'iiil)«'V, IsTJ. ami disdosi'd u partial \ icw
of llif sti'|>s wliicli Sir llut>li Alliiu liiid lakfii
to loriii a c()ia|>aiiy "I' AiinTiran capitalistK to
build the racilic Ifailwiiy, and lli>' oUinls hf
had iiiiidf to induce the C'rovfinmcnt to uivf him
tho contract. Tlicsc letters were evidently
written in the eouKdential strain of one party
ill an enterpri.stj addressini:- anollu'r party
LMjUally interested, and yave partieulars as to the
persons whom it was thought necessary to ii'aiu
over to support the scheme, and the moans to
1)(> used to secure that support. In one letter,
addressed to Mr. ('. M. Smith, (Miicauo, and
dated 2Sth February, \X~-2, Sir lluuh speaks
of havinu- to distribute *S.'.0,(inO worth of stock,
aiul expend about s;10(»,0<^'^ in money to secure
the Charter,* but not a member of the (Joveru-
ment was mentioned, nor was there even
priiiKi facie evidence that any of the money
was to be used either directly or indirectly
for the beneiit of Ministers. In another letter,
dated IGth Septeml)er, Is72, and addres.sed
to (!. W. McMullen Chicago, he says, "I
have disl)urse(l .■So4-i,H(iO in iiold, wliich I waul
to get repaid. J have siill to pay sl.'},.'>On,
which will close cverythin'4' oil." In a long
letter addressed to a gentleman in New York,
whose luime was not -iiven at this time,t dated
1st Julv. he reviews his whole course of action

" .Miiiiirciil, IVIiiu:iiy -"*. \->72.
• " I>K\i; Stu,— It sci-ms iivi'tty crrtjiiii. tluit iii mliliti'iri tn iiitiin-y pjiy-
iiicntH. ttif lutlowiii^ ..'tnck nill huve in Im> i|i>lriliiiti'<l ; 1>. \,. .M:u>|'liL'r.'<un,
j;10(i.i»P<i; A. II. l''.i«liT. sIiKi.(i(»i: l)<.n:ilil .\. Siriilli, .s1i«i.i«K): 0. .1.
llryil>.'CS,.sIiili,(i(Ki: .I..I. C. Vliholl, .Oi.iil)": l>. .Mi-Iinie.<. JVi.iKHJ: .Ii)hi)
Slii'ildin, sMi.iHKI: ,\. .Minn. *'JI,iN»i: ('. S. (izi.w.-ki, s.'iii.'Hin; (in.rirf
llroHh..s".".iliii: A. S. Ilin.-ks.s.'iii,!"!" : n. .\:iIIimii. .S'H.i""! : 'I'. .M.-lirui'vy.
Ti.')ll,(««l; iiiliil. .i;s-'i".i««i. 'I'" iiii'i.| Ihi- I |ir"|insn Ihiii we five up "f niir
(itiH'k a.-' |..llo». ; C. .M. Smiili. sJ.Mi.(ii«i: li. \V. .Mc.Mulli'ii. .s-.i'.ii,i«M :
llilu'li .\ll;ili..'i:tVi.lll»l: lii(ili,.*s-|(i,l|lNI. Pl.'iisc siiy ir llii,- i- iiKli'Clllilc lo
yoii. I (In mil think we .uii iln willi Icsy. mid may have In ttivr mnri'. I
ilii tint think we will rr'iiiiri' nimi' than skni.i'iki in riL'ti. hut lain nni
.''nre as yet. Whnani I Indraw nii Inr inniicy whiMi it is waiifcil. and what

irniil id' iiayiucnt will hr ri'Mnif"'! '■' Vnii are aware I eannnt net t : ij.t.s.

!." (Ill the II ill i}f April, iind 1 am ".Iready deep in
-Mine. I'^ery day hrimrs ii|) snme l"W dilliciilty In
' hnpe tn meet them all ,-iieee.-.-l'iilly. Write tn me

Our Leu'i>lature
propar.'itinii I'nr 1 1
he enenulUered, hu
iinmediately.

" \ iiur.s triil\.

"IIICII ALLAN".

(SigneJ)

"('. M. Smiiii, K.>ii;..Ciie ii;ii.

" I'.S. — 1 think ynu will have tn fin if /,/iii'l in the matter nl' nmiicy tejiifh
piiyment^l. I have already paid .S'>.-'iilO. and have not a voueher, iiud
eaimnt itet niie."

tThe name nl ihe party wa.-' (i. W. Ca.^r-.

with regard to obtaining the Charter, anil says
that havini; made up iiis mind that lite matter
would ultimately rest in the hands of Sir (Jeorge
1']. Cartier, he (h-termined to secure his interest,
and that in order to obtain this he iiillneiiced
in one way or other twenty-seven out of the
forty-live French Canadian iiiemlteis who
supporteil Cartier in the Iluuse and ga\e
the (loveiiimeiit iis majority; l)iit he dues not
say that any other means were used than throuuh
advocating- the buildiii'^- of the Northern
Coloni/alion Kailway. (which he intended
shoidd ultimately form i)art of the Canada
I'acilic). With regard to the Northern
I Colonization Railway he says, '■ I employed
several younu- French lawyers to write it up
for their own newspapers. I subscribed a
controlliiiii- inllueiice in the stock and proceeded
to subsidize the newspapers themselves. l)oth
editors and proprietors. I went to tlu' country
thvouiih \\ hich the roail wouhl pass ami called
on nuvny of the inhabitants. I visiteil the
priest sand made friends of tiiem and I einployetl
aii'euts to lio amouiist the principal people and
talk it up." lie then .says that when Ciu'lier
liecame convinced that thi> nnijority of his
followers would not support him 'unless tl)(>
contract for the I'acilic litiilway was given in
the interests of Lower Canada.' he consented
to his (Sir lluiihs) haviuL;' the contract. The
whole tenor of the correspondence weiu to
show that Sir Hugh was a most accomplished
wire-puller; that he intended to retain his
American associates in the enterprise, althoimh
it was to be, nominally, a Hritisli Company ;
that he had u.sed, and intended to use. larue
sums of money to gain his ends, but there was
nothing in them to create more than a suspicion
that any luulerstanding had been come to
between Sir Huii'h and the Ministry that he
should spend large sums to aid in the elections,
in return for the Charter, as charged by lion.
Mr. Huntington.

o. — The publication ol these letters, of cours(>,
caused much excitement, and the Ojiposition
KiTeetnithe ju'ess j ubihuit ly proclaimed that

Hon. Mr. Huntington hadi)roved

publleullnn.

,i-\

'4 '--

.iSl!

TUTTLHS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK JH).Mi.\10X OF ("ANAUA.

ii'-i '<(i

his ciisc. The Glnhf ol" the ath ol" July, at thi-
conclusion ol' a loni; otlitoriul on the siihjcot.
said ; " The throwing over of Mr. Macpherson,
the enormous expenditure at the election, and
the evasion ol' eiujuiry by the Clovernnient, are
all explicable on oi;e hypothesis and one only.
That hypothesis is that the Government sold
the Charter for money to Sir IIui>h Allan ; that
they are in the same boat; that they are tarred
with the same brush; and that the man who
occupies the post of First Minister is hopelessly
involved in an infamous and corrupt con-
spiracy." This was, of course, the extreme view,
and was not at all generally shared in by the
jieopl'^ : for. as a matter of fact, Sir .Tohn A.
Macdonald's name is only mentioned three
times in the whole seventeen letters, once with
regard to making an appointment to meet him ;
once that a coolness existed between him and
Cartier -'arising from the coquetting of the
latter With Hlako and Mackenzie to form an
alliance and carry the elections next summer,
with a view to leave Sir John \. out in the
cold " ; * and once, where he says that Cartier
told him that he (C;"tier) and Sir John had
loiiii' ago made uj) their mrnds not to give
the (.'barter to either Macpherson's or his
(Allan's) Company Itut to lorm a Government
Company, and have the woik conducted under
Government cuirol. This did not look like
being "hopelessly involved in an infamous
and corrupt conspiracy '" ; and when the lirst
surprise caused at the partial revelation of Sir
lluiih .Mian's .scheme had passed, and the letters
were read through again calmly, it was found
that the only paratiraph which in any way
sui)p(irted the cliargt^ was contained in a letter
to ^Ir. Cass, atcd 7th of August, in which Sir
Hugh says : " The policy I ado|)|c(l has been
([uite successful. The strong French inllucnct^
I sureecdcd in ol)taining, has proved Miilicieiit
to control tile elections, and as .soon as tlie
(lovernniciit realised this fact, which they were
unwilliimto admit and slow tosee, they opened
negotiations with me. It is unnecessary to

• l.fllor lo (I. \V. .M.'iMulleii duloil .'illi IVIjrii.iiT, ls:2.

detail the various phases through which it

passed, but the result is that we yesterday

! signed an agreement by which, on tertain

■ monelarj/ rondifioiix, they agree t<i form the

company, of which I am to be President, to

suit my views, to give me and my friends a

I majority of the stock." These words "certain

' monetary coiulitions " had something of a

: corrupt ring m them and » aused a good deal of

' distrust to remain until the publication of a

j sworn statement by Sir Hugh Allan.* gave his

• riip Inlliiwiiik' i- 111'' lull li'M "I ^ii' lluiih .Mhin's iilVnl .' il in iinswcr
j 1. 1 till' k'llcrs |.iilili.-lH-.l in llic .MniiircMl //..-.././ nf the l.mrlli i.t .Inly:

I I. Sir lliiiili .ViJiiM. Ill' Uiivi'iisiniii,'. in llir I'mvinoi' oryiicbci'. Kniijlil.

In'iiitr iluly j^wnni. (ii'posi' ainl suy :

' Tliiil I lijiM' lnr.-*iinu' yi'iirs iiji.il tiiki-n a sinini.' interest in llii* iU'\elo|i-

nii'iil iil'niilwiiy I'Miiihiiinic.'ilioii lliniiii:li.>iil Ilii; jinniininn nl Ciininlii. iind

liiiiiifuiarly liinini-li llif ilisliii-l of oniiiiliy Iviiin lo the Hi'slniiril of

■MiiiiMcai. Willi A vii'W 111 iiii'iTii.siiii; llic I'lK'iiilir.^ nt' (•ciinniiliiiiMli"li lif-

j twi'cn III!' .'^(■;i-l>onr(l iiihl Wc^'UTii Anii'rii'ii. .And llial aiiiMnirst oilior

[ pritiecls. Illy aiU'iitiuii wa-' rarly ''irfctL'il lo tlio .■*flit'ino lorronslMn'linK a

' niihVMv hcMwiMMi .Moiitri'Ml.u.'i llii' nioul Wo.iU'ily AllanlJL' .'ca-l>oaril. ami

Ihi' I'arilii- O.'i'an.

Thill ill Ilii' Aiiuiiiiii iilI'^TI, I li'aniril. in ■•onvcrsalion with Sir Kraiiris

llini'k-. llial fiTlain Aiiu'rii'Mii iMpilalisIs had iiroji iscil ,'o ilic (tovcrii-

iiii'iil. lhroiii.'li .Mr. Wa.ldiniilon. In ori-'.inizc a Conijiany lor tlu' iMirposu of

liilil'lin,; the Can.ola I'ai'ilii' Knilway, l>ill thai no aolioii had iiceii lakun

ii|M)n their |>i-o|)o..'iliMii. 'I'lial (ht'rciipon, iiiasniiirh as no niovi'ini'iit ii|i-

licand lo III' roMli'iiiidalod in Canada lor the iniriio.sc in <|ii<'^lion, and I

1 donliU'.l ilCanadiaii r;i|iilali.-ls I'niihl he iiidiii'cd lo siiliscrilic lo il to any

I lai'iti' I'M rill. I ohlriiiii'd lioiii Sir l''r.'iiii'i.'' Iliiiiks the naiiu'.-< ofllii' iicrsons

who had t>fi-n (-oiiinitiiiicalini.' v\itli iioM-riiiiU'iit. and iniincdiati'ly iilarrd

niy.-i-H ill coni'-|ioiidciii'i' willi lliriii, lor tin' loii|>'isi' ol'i'inleavonrini! lo

form a I'ai'ilir Com i .any in advam-o of I lie mci.-'iires wiiii'h won* exiu'i'U'tl

lo be taken liy Ihi' lo.M'rniiient at the then eiL^iiiiiK m'smoii of I'arliii-

\ nu'iit.

That, ari'ordiiiiriy. iifli'r a corlaiii nnionni of iiouoliiilioii. 1 I'lilori'd intii
' an aKici'UU'iil with .Mr. Sniilli. ofChieaiio, and .Mr. .McMiillfii. who was
i iiiid<'i'>lood to rL'iiri'.-'i'iit a oerlaiii niiinbur of Anu'rican oi|iiliili>ls — in
whifh 1 ri'-i'rM'd for Canailiaiis an iniii'li >loik a," 1 thouKlit 1 lould iiro-
I'liK'to III' -nlxiTibi'd ill t'aiiada. the ri'maiiidi'r to be taken ii|i by the
.Vmerieaiis inlcre.^led and llie'r fi lends. Thi." attreeineni eoriteinplaii'd a
\ il;oroll^ iiro-i'i-nlioii ol ihe work of conslrnclion, in coiilorinily with the
ilesiu-n of Ihe Canadian llovi'inmelil r-o so.ui as il should he a.«eertailied,
lirovi.led Ihe means lo be idaeeil at ihe dis|M.sal of the Company were
sni'li as in the oiiinloii of Ihe assiieiales would justify them in niiiU'tlakiiiK

th iilrai'l. And with reiiard lo this Hitreeiiienl. I niosi dislinetly and

e.xplieitly deelare llial neither in Iho as-'reenienl itsell. ■ in any eon -

vei'salion or neirotialioii coniieeled with il, was there any sliinilalion.

slaU'ini'Ml. or e.xpiessi'd plan, whleh had for its objeel any relardati f

llie work, or any oiher purpose lliaii its eoinpletion ibi kIioiiI at as early

a rlay as wouhl he eonsislinl with na'oiiahli' eeonomy in biiildiiiK il. .\nd
1 lore parlieiilarly. 1 dmlari' that there wa.s no inlentioii expressed or
implied, eillier ill ihe auriemeiil or in Ihe net'olialions whieli .:eeoni-
l.aiiii'il il.ol i.l.ieiiii; it in Ihe |iower of ihe Northern I'aeilie Kailway or
any oilier Cmiipiiiii or body of ineii lo ..bslriiei Ihe eiiierpise ill any man-
ner o|- way wliali'\er.

That no Inrllier sleps of imporlanee were taken bv myself or as.^oeiati'.s
np to the lime of the opeiiinif of the session of liarliameiil al Ottawa, in
respeet of the inojeeied ComiPiiny, exeeid Unit 1 iilaeed myxelf in

1 imiiiiiealion with the (iovernmenl. ollerimr lo oriiani/.e a Comininy

whiih would iinilerlake the eonsiriielion of Hie t I. and disenssiiiK Ihe

Ulleslion III Ihe fiii'ililies and aid whieli the I Iovernmenl wimhl probably

reeommend In be furnished by the eniinlry ; and in Ihe i r-e nl lliese

disens.siiins and neaotialiiim' 1 eedeav nred. us far as pn^sible, In seen e
fiir luy.self Ul*-' |i"«iti"ll of Prunidenl nf the pr i.ieelcd Cninpany, Hliieh was

1 which it
yesterday
on certain
1 form the
resilient, to
y I'rieiids a
lis " eertain
hiim' ol' a
rood deal ol'
icatiou of a
I,* sjrave his

lliili- il ill aiiswiT
: I'lMirili 1. 1' July:

renobco, Kiiiciit,

St in tlic di'vclcip-
oii nrC;iiuhlii. mid

111!' wcstwiinl ol
tininiiiiiiMliNii 1)1'-
al iiiiiiiiii.'st iillii'r

Inri'im^liiH'tini; ii

IIl' scil-linjirii, Mllil

II witli Sir Kniii'is

I'd :>< till' iiiiMTti

liir till' piirpiisi.' ipf

II liiiil liceii takdii

no iiinvfini'iit ii|i-

liii <|iii-<linii, iiiii) 1

^srrilii' til it t" any

.-' «pt"llir iiei-sons

KMliatfly |ilai-('i|

iKleavimrinir hi

h wore oxpi'i'Ii'il

sMiiii of I'arlia-

n, I t'litiTfil into

llllfll, wlio \VII9

1 nipilali^ts- in
iK'lit I loiilil |iro-
iiki'ii up liy III!'
(-oiiti>in|>lati'<l a
iriiiily witli lln'
I»o aM'rrtailu'il,
■ Cnuipaiiy wiTr

II in iiiiilcrtakilii;

>t ilistiiK'lly and
iimv ill any i-on-
iiiy slipnlatioih
y rrliinlalion of

bIioiii at as I'arly
>i:Miiitr it. Anil
n exprcssi'il or
Hliii-li .:i'i'iiin-
rilir Uailniiy or
-I' ill aiiy iiiaii-

I'll'or assiM'iati'S
lit at Ottawa, in
u'l'il inyni'ir ill
li/c a t'oiiipany
1 ilisi'iissini! llii'
wonlil prolwilily
I'uiirsi' ol tlii'sc
msililc, to sciMi 1'
ininy, wliii'li wan

GOVKRNMKXT OK TlIK KA\U. OF IH'FFKRIX— Til K PACIFK^ SCANDAI.

:;sT

versioii of his whole coiincotioii with tho
l'a«*ili<' Railway contract from the inception ol'
the enterpris*' down to the siTantini»' of the
Charter to the '' Canadian raciiic Kail way
Company " from whifh all American lapitalists
were carefully excluded.

tho pH-iitinti my iissncijitos wcro willing tc» iillow mv, jnul t" wliirli I
tli'iiifilit iny.-afir entitli'tl. IVdiu the ai'livc part wliicli 1 took in rlic fireal
iDitioiinl cntrrpri^c tn uhicli :lte iiKi't'Oiiiciil aii<l nrtfntiatimi.^ in MUtvotinn
litid refiTi'MCr. Aixl a> to llii.i iiuint, I lia'l ri'a^nn to Itrlievc I'roin tlic
first that llic tiovcrnnicnt was iircpaml to aflniil ni\ vlaini.

That wlicn the time fipr the sfsjiimi of the Canadian IVirliuniont
iipproiicluvl, I applit'il to Mr. Ahliott to prcparo tlu' rc'inisiic h-tfiMhition ;
anit shortly at'IiT l*arliinnorit liail opi-ncd \ pru.'iM-.lcl tn nir.-nva tortht-
pnrpiiscnt" asofrtainiriir how matters wiTi' prntrri'ssiritr, ami what prospret
there \\n» nt a sin'ce»t"ul prusecutiuri ol the iirnirrtakirm' liy myself and
the persons who wrre llien associjilcd witli inc. That, pre\ ions to thin
time, however, I had roinmnnieatt-d with a lanre nninhcr ol' persons in
Canada on the suhjeel of the proposed Company, re<pie.-tiiiif their eu
operation ami assistance, anil endeavorinK lo indncc them to snh^crihc
lor stock to sneh extent as I ihouKlit lair, cnnsidcrini: their position and
means. And althoiiKli I did nut nu-et with any ^rcal measnre of snecess
in proetn-jn^r sultscriplions of sd-ck, yet it was ipiite as irrcat as I
had anticipated when making my arranKeinents with the American
capitalists. In my ncKotiations with tliein. tlierefore, I pr"\ idcd for I lu-
ll islril)nt ion of the stock which those k^entU-incn were willing: to snhscrilte
or which I lielievcd they would eventually lie \\illin« to -ul'-cril)e, upon
the I'ormatioti of the Company.

That when I \ isited Ottawa, as stated in the last paratrraph. I ascer-
taine<l, hy personal uhscrvation and cnmninnicali-m with the mcmhers of
tho House, that a strong prejudice had.irl-^cn aKainsI any conticction with
Aiueiican capitalists in (he formation of the proposi-d etunpany, the fear
expressed with re^'ard to that snh.icct heinj: (hat such capitalists would
tind it for their interest rather to t.hstrnct tin' Canadian I'acilic. and
turthi'r the constrndion ot the Northern I'acitic. than to acl in the
interests of ( anaita hy prcssjnjr forward theCaiia'lian mad. And thouirh
I di'l not share this fear, ami always hdieved. and still hcHcve that the
jtersons who proposed to he associated with me would have Kone on with
the enterprise in pind faith to the hest of their ahility,yet I foutul the
feeliuK for the tnoment so stronK that I .iud»red it evpcilienl ami proricr to
yielil (o it. au<l therefore consented that the legislation to he presented to
the House -iho'ild exclude Ioreij.'iu'r.- trom the Compmiy, ami that the
Directors should he exclusively Canadian.

That a Mill incorporalinK the Cmada Pacific Company was then
intrudnced into the lluuse hy Dr. <'iaiit, who hail heen a ))roininent
advocate of the Camidian I'acitic scheme, atnl Innl introduced in the Inst
previous session a similar measure, nt the instanc4> nf the late Mr.
U'addiiiKton and others who were then interesting themselves in the
project.

That notwithstamliiiK that the Mill whitdi was so intpMlneed eontem
plated hy its terms the exclusion ol forcik'ncrs. I did not feel by any
means convinced that 'he i?ovcrnnient would insist upon ;iny such
conililion.heliovin^'as I did. and do, that such a propnsi-ion was impolitic
and unnecessary. I did not . iherelnre. feel .iiistilie.l in entirely hreakinn
olT iny eonneolion with the American associates, atltioUKh I ai iiuaitited
them with the ditVieiilty which niitfht arise if the (ii>\ernmenl touk the
same position which the nnijority of the people with wlnan I cnnverseil at
Ottawit apiieareil to t|o. I was aware that.hy the terms of the Mill
introduced 1 V the (Joverimu'iit. lluy would have a cnritrolljnn power as
lo the terms of the contract, arid I was willinir to ahidc hy their decision
as to the extent of interest, if any. which forcitrncr.j niiirhl he permitted
to hold. Aiid until that deci-ion \va> communii-ated to nu', I t< It in {
honor hound hy (he aicreement I had unnic to leave the door open for the
entrance of my American associates into the Coinpan>, uule!>s the
ooniintreney arrived of h distinct prohihition hy the (Jovernment a^rainst
admittinii them. And in intorminv them of tho protires.' of ilie alVair in
Canada, as ] did on certain oceusixns as an individn.il, and without
implicatimf the Company of whieh I was a meniher. I I'onsidered that I
wa« only acting fairly hy them. And I •lid lott intend iherehy tti hind,
anUt Uii I uoneeive. did not in iiny way himl or oompruml^e In iny views

*). — The publication of Sir Huuh Allan's
affidavit was joyfully received by the friends of
the Goverunient as " a clean

Sir llimh Allan"-
allidavit. Its ciVect.

Hill of Health' aaainst tin

charges of Hon. Mr. Huntington, and that

gentleman and his friends were bitterly assailed

the other memhers of the Canada Pacific Kailway Company, with
whom I iliil not think it necessary to communicate at all on the suhject
of my irt-easional enrre^pondence with my American ai-^ociates. The more
especuilly as this correxpondcnec was entirely private and cotdidetitial,
and. moreo\er, was written with such imittentiiin, as to accuracy id'
oxi'Tcssion. as mijrht he expected in correspondence intended imly to ho
seen hy those to whom it was addressed. Durinjr my stay at 'ittawa, 1
had ^ome cnmmuoieation <d' an inforimil character with memlars i\\' (he
(iovcrnmi'nt, ami I fouml that they were still disposed to icc<iirni/c the
value of niy services in endeavoriiiK to organize a Company. Mut in view
of the rivalry which appeared to cxi^t in respe<*t of the Cacilic scheme.
and the strouK nrray of Camidian names which had heen f>htained hy the
lnti-r-t>i'eanic Oonipany as ]u<sociiites in its projert. nothiii^ dctinite
leadinjr me to expect any preferem-e for myself or for the Company
which I was endeavoriuK to orKtinize, or indeed anythim; dchnite relating
to the project , was said hy the mcmhers of the (io\ ernment with whom I
I'otnnntnicaled. It appeared to me th.it while their intentions and
'ppinions had heen freely expressed to ine when jio Company other than
that which I was proposiiuf tn or»rani>.c was likely t<> he I'ormed. the
presence of competition aniomrst Canadians, tor the contract, had decided
them to allow lUJitters to take their own course until they should have
heen i-nahled to decide, after the formation id" the Canadian Companies,
what line (d' conduct would be nio-t conducive to the interests of the
country. And there was. therefore- very little -^aid or dom- during the
session, which trave me any elue to the views of the tJovcrnment with
re>pec( to the coarse of action which they would pmhuhly ultimately
adopt.

Alter tlie session, the Canada I'acitie Railway Company, of which I
was a nicmhcr, proccedeil to oivani/e, and they ntitilicd the ( ;overment
that they were prepared to take the cmitraet for huildiniJ and runninu' the
I*acilic Kjiitway on the tertns and conditions mentioned in thetJovern-
iiien( Mill. They caused stock hooka to he ..peiied in variou- parts of the
Dominion in confintnity with the Acl, and took such initiatory steps and
such oilier proceedimrs as v/av necessary lo enalde them to act as an
ork'ani/ed corporate hoily. It soun alter hccanie evident ti' me that
the (jovernment would he hest pleased to .-eean a ma U'a mat ion of the two
Conipanies ineorporalcd hy Marliament. in order that united action miiflit
he secured and the irrealesl streimth ohtait:wd in the formation of a
Canadian Company ; and I therefore opened negotiations with the Inicr-
Oceanic Coinpanny for i he purpose of emleavtpurinn lo clVect such an
ainal»raination, and at tho same 'tine the <*anada I'acilie Cotnpany placed
il.-elf in cmn munnicat ion with the <io\ ernment wilii relation lo the san e
suhject. It was thereupon intitnaled that the <to\crinnent were also
<|esirons that the aniaUanialion should take place. That thereupon Mr.

Ahhoit, a mcnihcr o| the Canada Macjtic Kailway Company, pr eded to

Toronto to meet Senator Macpherson, ami, if possilil". to arraiii-'c terms
of amakamalion that would he satislactory to hnlli Coiupanii's. Ami
after a disoussion of the matter dnririK two or three da> >• in Toronto, he-
Iwcn him and .Mr. Macpherson. he report i-d to the Canada Company that
there did no| appear to he any material <lill)ciilty in the way of our ainal-
iramation. except that the claim whi>di I made to he President of the
amilKiimated Company, and to haw the nomination of an e<pial inimher
of the memhcr" of the ni'W (Uie to (hiit norniiiiited hy Mr. Macpher-
son. could not he nccedc'l to. .Mr. Macphersnn's propo<-al wa." that he, as
representim: the Inter-Occanic Conipaiiy. should have the mMniiiation of
alarirtr numher of uicmhers in the amalKamated ( '"Uipany tliau f. and
that the MUeslioi) of ihe IVesidcitcy should he left lolhc Moard of Direc
tors. With rcKard to the Presidency. .Mr. Ahhod informed Ihe Company,
th It Sir.lohn .Maedonald expressed himself as heinj: fa\orahle to my elee
tion as {'resident, and that atiy itiltuence the (loverimieiit mitfhl po^sess
anioiitf the memhers of the amalKamaled t'ompany would he cxerciscil for
the purpose of ai<lin^ in niv election to that oDice, and that prohahly the
ditViculty as to the nomination <d' mcmhers lo the new Company, hetween
myself ami Mr. Maeiihersoii, miKht l.>e ohviiiled in .-oiiie wiiy. tii other

'Hi

" ' \

in Ji

:s.ss

TI'TTf.K'S IIIST()i;V OKI'IIK DOMINION oK CANADA.

for in;ikinu* surh sfvidus ('h:iri»'<\s on such slit;ht
inul iiis!illk;i*'n! Lirouiuls. More nKxlenite iin-u
woro disposed to Ihink thai the lottors disclosed
sulii»'iont suspicions circunistiiuros to ^va^Tant
Mr. lluntiim'lou's attack ; hut that tht» allidavit
ol" Sir lluuh AUau h'ul cleared the Ministry

ro-|tot*I:^. lie ri'i'iM'tril (Intl he cniilil liml nn 'livcrtrcnoo <if'n['iiiinn .if* tu ilii»
iiin!iIt:am;itinrH)t' till' t \voCnni|iiirii<'^ hctwtM'ii inysL'H'anil Mr. M;ii-|iliiT-^nn.
Aller rr.MMvirn; Mr. AM.ntr< n'|inrt of tin- nrtrntiHfiun ;it 'I'unmt". I
I'l'It siiti-ifu-'l til II I rm 'litlti'iilry won Id mTiir in lirirminir rlicin ro ji siu-ocs.^-
lul Iciinimilit'n. \inl us tin- l.iri- Sir ticuiyc CariiiT liii|'pcru't| tn I'O in
.M'rilri-iil ^h'Ttly :it't<'i'vv;ii'ls iiii<l I w:\< r:ikiTi;r ruti'nirr;iliIeirit<Ti'>t in his
p- I'lt-ftion. [ iru't liiin anil l):iil nn<ini<'ial conM'rsaliun with him on tho
r«ul).iiM-r i>r t)u> Charter, (in .''('vrral ocrasiuns. Mi'KiiiK lliat thr intlnuni-t' of
thi' (ffivt'riitncnt ''hnittil he iisfil fn ppicnrf ihc anialL'aniatititi nrxHi ■^neh
toriii' a- I coii^ith-iT'l w-'uhl he ju-t f-i myself ami the 'I'omi'aiiy uvcr
»liiiii I |>rr<iiU'il.

That Sir <;ri'n.'t' CartitT wa-, as I w.i- aware, ''unmuuiieatinu with
(he IVi-mivr <Mi the .^uh.it-ct <>| iht> l^ll■i^l<- Itailway. anii>m;.'-t other-, an>l
ihat at "lit- of the inters iews I ]ia>l with hilii he sh<>weil me a euiiimuni'
Calh»n Ip'in llie l'n-mi<'r, "l whifh the folhiwint; iy a eoi.y :—

JuIylV.ih.IsTJ.
Have >pen Miiepherson. He ha." no per-^onal aiiihitinii, hut eaniiol.

it! jusliee to (hnuri uieeile any iireferetiee to (^nehec in the matter "f

the Pre>hleiK'V. nr In any other parlienlar. He ^nys the ^|lle^tiltIl aJiout
the I'ri'sitieney .'•lion hi ho left t"t the ISoanh I'mler ihe.-e eireiim^tatiee-,
I auihori/e \*'ii to a.<isiire Allan that the hiMnent'cof (he liovfrnmeiil will
he e.\erei>eil to ■;eL'iue him the iM.>iiiun'if |'r»'«i.h-nt. The otlur leriii'
to he ai* aurefil on heiween Alaii.herson anil ,\lihotl. 'I'he whole mallrr
to he ke|>t >|iiie( until alter the eleriion*^. Tlien the two Kenttemi'ii tn
meet the I'rivy Coiini'il al 'Mtinva, ami M'tlte the terms of a |-ro\ i.-iotial
at'ieemeiit. This is the only |*raetietil solution uf the ililhenlty, ami
>honli| he aeee|ite(l at onee hy Allan. Answer*

ISiirnr.l.l .lonv A. M.u M.N.M.h.

Sir (iemirr ''arlii-r. iMtawa.'

Ami .^ir (ieork'O Cariier. nil that oeeasi-m, ^rave nio the a>-nranre
whieh he was hy that teleuram anthori/eil hy tin- I'reaiier loeonvey to me
That on further ilij-eiis-it.ii witli Sir i JeoiT'e Cartier. .is to the <-ourse
whieh the liovernment wioit'l |ir-ilt;thl.\ fiike with louMi'il to the aiiriluima
tion ;Mi'l the eontr.n-t til In- uraiileil. I inu''-.| ii)«iri him lertain moilitieji-
tion" ol tiic terms of the ahove telokMain fmm Sir .lohn A. .MaeilomiM,
anil finally Sir lienr^'e eame to entertain the O|tiiiton that I wati entitled to
have eeitain of iho>e miiililieiitiom* conceited to mc.aml o.\|n'es."ed \m
willin»enes.iiin of oiiinion from Sir tJeortre as lie felt himself
justified in u'i\intr, I rei|iiested that he wo-ild put what he staled veihally
to lue. ill wriiinif.ami aeeordintfly. 'Hi the .'."ih of ,liil> , l^'TJ, he wrote to
ine the followinif letter :—
(t'o|.y.)

.Mi)NTitK\i,..!nty :;uth. isTU.

lH:\i{ SiK 11m. II,— I eiielose von ro|iies of telegrams rceeired from Sir

John A- .Maedoiiahh and with refereiiee to their eontents I would say

I Ihat ill my opinion thi- tiovemor-in-Ooiineil will approve of the amalir:i-

I million of yoiir Compan> with the InlerOccanie Company, nndi-r iht^

miiiie of Ihe Canadian I'aeilie Railway Company, the Provisional Hoard

I of the amalgamated Cinipany to hn eomp"S«'d d' seventeen menihers. of

' whom four shall he ii.imedlrom the IM-ivim-r of t^iehee. hy the Canada

i I'aeifie Railway ('tnnpaiiy : four from llie I*ro\ inee of Untiiriu, hy the

Hiter-' 'eeaiiie Kailway Coui|>ai)y, iind the remainder hy the (Jovernimuit :

the ainal^'aniiited Couipany to have the fuiwer" speeilied in llif tenth

seelion of tliP Aft ineorporatiim' the Camiiia J'ae'lie liailway Company,

ele., the aitreemehl of itmaliramalion to he e.\ei-nUil helweeii iheCoiii-

paiiies, within iwo montli> frnm this date.

The Ctuntda I'aeith- *.'oinpany mi»iht tjike (ho ii iliati\ e in proenriiiK
the amalttanialioii ; and if I he Inter-Oeeanio Cumpany should not e\ rente
an auri' 'tin nt ot amalt:amat i<>n upon sm-h terms, and within siii-h timilud
time, I think the eoiiteiuplaled iinaiiKetnenl-' ^llould bo made with the
riinadii Paeille Company, itnder it^ charter.

I'pon the sul»eriplion inid payment un iieentml of stnek heinv made.
iiB required hy the Act of hi«t tmsniui), rot^poetinir the Ciiniidiiin Paeitie

from the charue inaih^ auaiiisl it. It was
rcuitMnbe'od thai the Ministry had claimed in
the House Avhcn the adjournment ol" th<* Com-
mittee to the 2nd ol' .luly was asked lor, that
their two most important witness(»s — Sir Hugh
Allan and Mr. A]>holt — were absent, and that

Railway Company. I have no dfuiht hut that the (Jovornor in-rouneil will
at'ree with the Company lor the eon^truetion and wcrkimr ol' theCana-
• lian Pai-tfa- iiailway, \\ ilh such hr:iiMdies as shall he avrreed upiiii.aud
will uTant to tin- Ci.nipany all siirh snhsidie< .ind as.-^i-lanee as f hey are
empowered to do hy tho 'iovernment .\ct. I hclieve all tho advantaKOS
whii'li the <Mi\e-niiieiit Ael empowers the lioMTiUiient |o eont'er uiion
any Company vdl he re-iuired to enahle thi' works contemplated to lio
smce.-slully carrietl tliroujrh. and I am convinced Ihat they will he
aeeordod to the Company In he formed hy am.tl^atuation, or to the
Canada I'aeific Company, a^i the case nniy he. I would adtl, Ihat as I
approve of tho measures to whieh I have rolerred iu this loiter, 1 *ihall
u-c my hot endeavors to ha\e them carried into elVecl. i

Very truly yours, I

ISimied.l *ii:<t K. Cmitikh.

I po-'itively dcidarc that up to the date of this h.'tfer I had not any
iindertakiim of any kind or de^criplion with the liovernment, either
directly or throuu'h any other person, than that eotdained in Sir .lohu
.Maedouald-: telcu'iam of the Ui'ith .hity, which is K'iven ahove; and that
leleifram and the ahove letter from Sir (Jeorire Cartier t'onlnin evoiy-
Miintr that was ever .«tated or agreed to helween any memher of (hi-
iJovi'i-nment and myself on the snhicet of the Pacilic Railway project up
to that date.

On the same day that I received the ahove letter from Sir <!eort:e
Ciirtier, I inlormed Sir .foliii A. .Miicdonald of tin- i ouleiits of it, and
asked i'or his sanction of 'lie viow* which it contained. Rut he dceliiied
to concur in the terms id Sir (leorne's letter, leletrraiihimr to him that
he would not atrreo to them, and that he would eoiuo down Iu Montreal
and confer v\ iih him respect i mi tliem-

riieroiipon I immediaiely intormed Sir fieortre Cariier that I shonhl
consider the letter addn-s-ed to me as heiiiif withdrawn. And to my
knowleilire Sir 'JeorKO telepratdied Sir .lohn that he had seen me, and

thai a? he (Sir .lolm) oniei-ied to Sir (Jciirm's leller.it had I n with-

.Irawii. 1 ai>.. leleuraplii-d Sir .lohn on the ■^aine day l.luly .!M) to ihe
cTeol that I had seen Sir t leorK'' Cartirr, and that he (Sir John) miKhl
return my letter or regard it as waste paper, and ihat I wa- 'ali-^tied with
the tcleirram ot the 'Jtilh iis e\|Uessive of the views of the (iovernment.

I pixilively and explicitly declare that, exceplimr so hir a." tin uiider-
sljindinir helween ihe (Jfivernment and my-elf is expressed iu the fore -
noiiin correspondence. I had ni> aLM-c'cmeiit of any kind or tieserlptiou,
either vorhally or lii writing, hy m> -oil or Ilinmnh any other person, in
respect of the contract of Ihe Pa id lie Railway, or of jiriy ad\ antajre to bo
conferred iipoii me in respect of it. The terms id' the Charier, the eoin-
pu-ition of the Company, the prixiloKcs which were hi he j.'rauted to it,
Ihe proportion.^ in which (he slm-k wa? to he disirihnteil, haviuK been
mailer'^ lor nciiotiation and ^eitJement u\\ !> the la>t uiouieid* and were
only closed and decided npon while the Charier wa" beiiux prepared iu
the early pari of tho present year, and the per-ons who finally com-
posed theCouipfiiiy were only dcfidcd upon within a tew days o| the
issue of the Charier. I luyselt beimr permit led to .^uhscrihe only a similar
amount of 'lock to that snh<,ribei| hy other prominent members of the
CnmpDtiy.

With reference to certain prixafi and contldeutiiil letlors pnbli-.hcd
thi.- day iu the Montreal //</«»/(/» and to certain statements in llie-t'
letters wliich uiav appear to couMiet in some ilctfree with the fore(roinn. 1
must, iu .iusiiee to myself, otler certain exphimitious. ] rlesire to state
with regard to ibo.-e lethTs. that they were written ill Ihe eiuitldciuo nf
private intercourse- iu the mid"t of uniny iiiallers enirrossiuK my alien
liot),»ud probably with les.s care and eirciiiuspectiou than I uiiKht have
bestowed Upon llieui had they been intended for pnhliealion. Al
the same lime, while in some respects these letters arc md siriclly
ih-enrate. I conceive that the circum-^tanees, to a ureat extent, .inslitied
or exiii-ed the lanumiKe used in tlu-in.

With reitiird to the reteieuce reppntoilty made iu lho«e letters, to the
Amerioiui iiitore«t in tlio stuck of iho Company. iij< 1 liiivu iilromly stated.

It was
claiiiicd ill
r the Coni-
■d lur, thai,
—Sir Hugh
I, and that

ir-in-roinn'il will
itlB oT the (':ltlil
tfri'i'.l ii|><in, ami
jiiice jis they ;irc
I The ;li|\iiliI:mos
to t'niit'ur II|)U)|

nrtMnplittcO tv will lie
iiiriiiti. or to the
M :l<lil, thllt IIS 1
liis li'lliT, 1 sluill

111 K. Cmitiki!.
(T I IkkI not liny
n'rimieiit, cither
liiifil in Sir .lohii
iiliovc; mill thllt
T coiitHiii cvery-
iiirinliiT of ihi>
lilwiiy pro.iiTt ii|i

I'roiii Sir liciirifp
iili'iitu ol it, iiiiil
lliii hi' ilcoliiiisl
liiiK to him thllt
own to .Monlri'iil

IT lliiit I sliniiM
wn. Ami to my

1 siM'ii inc. iin<l
IiikI iii'i'ii with-

liily :!l-t)ioih,.
ISIr .loliii) miiilii

I- -Mti-til'.l witli

tio\i'riiiiii'nt.

r lis an iiiiilrr-
■I'll in till' iurc-

or ili-si-riiitinii.
ilhiT iii'i-soi), in

litv ;llllili:i' to 1)0

h;irli'r. the coin-
M- i-'nintiMl to it,
•'1, ha\ \uv lici'ii
iiicitl. anil wero

I'iiu.' |iri>|>iiruil in
lio liiiiilly riiiii-
liMv ilay- o| iho

III' oii|_\- a siniilar
nuMnbi'rs of I In*

I'tliT" oiihlishcil
'iin'tiis ill thr-'i'
thf lori'iroiiifi. I
1 .h'siii. til stall'

:ii iitiili'n<e of

issinn my iilli'ii
laii I niiifht liiiyi'

illhlilMlioM. At

iii-i' not St rift ly
I'xluni, iiiHtlHoil

'I' li'lii'rs, to till'
I- iiiri'inl.v slatL-il,

(ii)\ KKXMKNT OK TIIK EAI?L OF DrirPKIMX— THK I'ACMKIC SCANDAI^.

:;s!i

it would })0 most uiilair to commonco tho
inquiry whilo thoy were away: and il was IMt
now that tin* demand was a just one lor tho
statement ol' Sir. Iluuh Allan imt quite a
diiierent romplexion on what mi2;ht otherwise
havt^ been twisted into a very uuly prima facie

I liml iiukK* iin airrifiiii'iil uitli lln- imrtii-^ to \\U>>m tli"-.c lctln> were
;nlilri'.'<.''t''i. Jisj'oriiilitiK riiyscH with them in a l'oiii|':iny imtifcf dl tor the
I'tmstiiiftinti i»r till- I'iU'itii* Hiiihvuy. I ImkI ni'vcr \n-v\i intnriiH'il by tlie
liiivcniiiu'iil rliiit il wji> llu*ir iniuitinn nut in I'lrinii the !i.<>i'.-ijititiii n!
Inri'ijjni'is witli ('iniiiilinii-' in the ortraniziition mT rh<' I'.-icitii" enniinniy.
Anil in con^'umiiiK to thr IcL'i.shitiuu iiitnxluii'*! intn thu iliiu^c. 1 thout'ht
I was iiiily ilctVrrinK t" a |ir«'juijice which [ myself cnnsidi-n'il
without tt»tiii<liilion. 1 (li<t not he^'itatc to iniiiiiiite that it a suitahh-
o|)|t<>rtiinity *>tVi>n'<l ihi'V .•^houM ho |u<rniilt. d (•> assume a |>o>iiiuii in ih«'
i'tanpany. as nearly liki* that wliirh lhi*y ami I hail afrrccil nimn :i-
fiiTUUislancL'.- wouhl lurinit. Ami jis I cntiri'ly <li?'ht'Iir\ i-l thf >lair-
nicnls that wen* inado as to tln'ir •li'^pii^itiMn lo i>l»(rm-t ihr < ana<ll.-M)
I'acitic, an«l i-ohsi.U'reil that tht*y nii^-ht Im- of Kvcit n?r in rnrthcrinj.' il>
ron>inii'ii(in, i's|n'L*ially in tin- t'\rnl of a failure of thi' ne(.'"ii;ili'«ii- in
Kntrhnxl, i had no hi-.^itatinn in |>hicinK niysrlf iii<li\ idn.-illy in tlic
position of favorintf thi'ir ailniissinn into the Cniupany it oinMinistanr<>8
should ptM'niit of it. It was in that spirit Ihiil what is -aid in my p^'ivati*
Ictlt'r-', now puh|i>h('d, was writion to the Kontlciiun to whuni tliey wi-ro
addressed, and if matters liad t.-ikensneh a turn as t<> |i<-rmit with pro-
priety of those inlentions hrint; enrried inii. | should have teU niy-elf
hound to .'idhere to tlo'in. Ihit. in r'"itil of fun. when the discussions us
to the uMide in whieh the Cuinpany -huuld i.e Inrnied. were entered upiai
with ihe Ouvernnieni, liil*' in the autumn. I e.imi' to uiHler>larid deei-
sively that they eould not he admitted, and 1 mUilied them of the fnct.
and that the neu'otiations must eea;-e hetweenus, hy a letler wliiidi has
nut het-ri pid.li-hed in the Ihrahi cd' t*» day, hut whieh was in the fojh.w-
iuK terms :—

MuNTKKM,. Oetoher i:4th, !sV2.
Mv lh:\ii Mit. Ml .MrijKS.— \o action has yet (asfaras I know) heen
taken hy the (lovernnn'nt in the matter of the Paeilie Railroad. The
opposition of the (hilario party wilh I think, have the elVeet of shuitintf
out our Anieriean friends frotn any participntinn in the rnml. and I
apprehend all that neLrntiation is a) an end- It is stilt unecrtain how it
will he iriveii (the eontraet), hut in any ease the (Jovernment soem
inelined to exaet a declanition that no foreiirner'' will ha\ e. dire<-(Iy or
indirectly, any interest in it, Ihit everything is in a slate ot uneeriainty,
and I think it is unnecessary for you to vi.-it New York on this httsinoss
at present' oral all* till you hear what the result i-^ likely In he. Tuhlic
sentiment seems In he th'cided that tin- road -hall l>e huilt hy t'ani:dians
only.

Viiiirs trnlv,

(Sinned,) Hi i.n Ai.i.w.

(I. W. M. MiMiN. Ksip,

eietnn, oni.

I'p to thi.s period lo which this statement oxtendt. tho iicktliation \
hotween the <toverniuent and myself had chielly reference to elfoctimr I
an amalirannitinn hetwecn the two rniupaiiie<^ which were enuipetimr for
tho railway, upon the principle, as I iimli-r-t.-ind, that the enterprise :
W4Uild rcipiirc all the slremrih that eould he nhi.-iined for il, and the I
unitt'd elfnrls nf everv»'iu' inteie-^ted in it. Anil th.it il wnnld contluee
Ki't'atiy to its ,-nccess if llie pcrsntis in the iwn I'ompaiiie-, « h'». InKclher, '.
compt'i>'>'<> ninsi (d' the prmninent men in the hmninion. cnuld he indueed ■
tn join their -nernies in pressing torward the prnjeei. j

Ahnnt ihis tune, however, a meinnranduni was eonnuunieated to mo <
whieh had hocn rcecived hy the (loveinmenf Irnm the Inter-Ooeanic ■
rotupan>> which appeared In de-lroy the |>riispt cl nf umaUa unit ion ; and I
althou^:h tho t';niada Company endeavored t" n-moxe the ohject ionr^ |
nuide hy the Inter Ooeunic Cnutpany, they failed in doint; so, and the '■■
idea nt amahrain.ition was -Imrily aflerwards ftnally ahandnned. There-
upon, the iio\erninent informed lae that it wax detidi d that the enntno't I
nhould not he tii\en to liiher of the Cutiiiamies alone, hut that the '
< Government wonh! incnrporali n (U'w eoni|>any. If (he protninpnt
meinhers of the two ini-orporated Cnui panics, and any leadin»r Canadians
who luitfht he di^itosed to jnui them, ami able to \i\\v. .-uxsistanco. euuld

case if the letters had l)een allowed to uo l"'>rt]
to ihe world without explanation or contra-
diction. Another i>oint was that Sir Huu'h Allan's
statement wassworn to and i>urpor!ed to tell the
whole story; while tht^ letters were evi<lentlv
obtained surn^ptitiously and only Liav"* I'rau*-

ho indueed In -^nhscrihi Mie stock in the r'rnl""'l'"n- vvhiili iheiJnvcrn-
nionl had decideil upon, wliieli propnrtinri'' are tlm-e emhodied in rh>-
Charter. AntI Inun thai time the etVnrt- of all partii** inlere-lfij in Ine
prn.iei-t were direcleil fwards procurini: the assnei;iti..ii h. iretlo-r nf tln-
inost prominent men nl hoth Conipatje- in tho n<'W Cniiipany tn he
incorporated umler the terms of thu tiovernmeni Act of the previous
ses>iiin. And it was as the result of the-*!' olVnrt- th.ii the pre-ent i'«»iu-
pany was tnrmed, composed, in ;i majority <d' ii-f.inecs, of Kriilh-men
with whom I had no enmmnnicatinn whatever, an 1 nnt in any retpi'i-t a-'
the i-nNse(|nenoe nf any nnderstandiiiL- helween m\ ■'elf and the < invern-
ii.ent.

l-'min th.at time also, .■iiuiniunii-alinn hciween my-rlf an-l my former
a.-sneialcs ceased. Iiavim: fiitrilly hern hrnkt-n ntf t>y myself a- -nnu a- I
aseertaim'd tho desire of iIm- »in\ erniuent. Ami 1 stale furl Imt.
positivily. that no money derived fr-ui any fund nr frmn any -d my
former American assnciates, was cvpi'iuh-d in -issistinj.' my frietj'ls ■>r the
friends nf the (iovernmenl at I ho reei-nt ifcner.il olech.urs.

That with reirard to tho construi-tion which appears lo ho it imded
In ho placed upnu the ijtalemenis in ihi' letter ret'erred to a.- to the
preliminary expenses cnrniected with lih* Charter- I st.iie nii>«t p">i-
tively and explieilly that I never made .in aL'r<''*ment nr eatne f" any
uiider>lamliMK nt any kind nr ih-rripl inn with llo' tiovernnM-ni -t any
of i(.- memhers. as In the paynieiil nf aii\ -nrn nf uinnry fn an> "tn-. nr

in any way whatever, in eonsideraiimi of reeeivimr tin nirart tor

the Canadian I'acitic. I detdaro that I di*! expend conoidenihle siim>
of money in various ways which uppean'd to me tn he Mdvant.itienu^
to the Company I had orKanl/.ed, ami calenlated lo siremrthen my hand'
in endeavorin»r tu ohtain the eontniet for th.it C<unpan>> hut tha! I did
not on any oceasion or in any way pay> or u^ree to pay. anythintf what-
ever to any meniher of the »Jn\crnnienl. nr In any one on hrhalf or
at ihe inslanee of thi' < iovernrnent. jnr any cDiisi'h-ralinn what'-vrr-
in I'onueetinn ui(h the Charter or eontiacl. As may he trathrri-d from
the letters in nueslinn, I ennsidered it to hi* my p'*li*'y to >tn-tiirlhiMi
my position as faras 1 possiMy imild vviih my own triends and t'dlnw
citi/eus in the I'rovinee id' t^iehee,ant| more e-peeially in -o tara^ ndaled
H) the Montreal Ncu-thern Cohmi/iition itailway, whieh I eom-i-ived
wnnhl al M.ine day he the outlet from the Canadi.in Paeitie (n fhe pnrt of
Mnntrt-al. And ;i enn.-iderahle portion nf i]h> moiiev r.derred to in tho^^c
Ictler.", w.is e.xi'endi'ii h,\ nie in furthi-iatiee of (hat prnje i in m my w.iy-.
1 eonsidcrcd it for my intcre>it also ihal ttinse rm-mher-* of I'arliameni wlm
had slmwn an inieresi in tht Canadian Paeitie i'iHcri»risi'. and in otli'T
railway enlerpri-e- in whi-h I wa> inti-rtv-tid. .in 1 ivho wi-re di-pn-rd tn
assist :iitd fur! her them, >hoidd he aided in their elf t ions, and I *iih-erthed
some munoy and lent some tiioney to assi^^t the ele<-tioii of Mich per'^niis
as were my friemls and in whom I wa- inten-'^ied. hut witlmnt any
uiider^taiidinKor condition with them, or any of ttiem. as in I'arliaiiieni-
ary >upport nr a>>i>lani*e in the event of ih»ir id>'ettnn. In tip-"!' and
simitar ways I e\pei>ded sums id nioui'v appn>ae)iin»[ in aiiinunt thn^c
menlim.ed in llin>e lellers. as I enui-ei\ i- I had a pi i tf-i rinht |n do : hut
I diit not -litte in thn>e Irtter^. nor i^ il (he f.tct that .my p trlinii d thn-i-
>ums of money were paid to the tni-mlier- of the <jn\ eminent , or were
ri'ceived hy I hem or nn their helm II. direrii> nr indini-lly.ii* a mii^iik-ra-
lion in any torm for any advantaj^e tn nn- in Ounm-.-tion with thf Paeili.*
Hallway rnnlract.

1 desire alsn to stall' I'urthcr with reKanl to tin' envelope and the ptipi-r-^
whieh it contains, which were plaeed in the hand" of the ll>ai. Mr>
,'^tarnes shortly hidori- my ileparlun- tor Kiorlaiid with ihr iltdeualion >>)
the Pacille Kailway, that iipmi hrinu inlnrnn-d liy me thai all neimtialinns
helween luy Inrnifr Anierieaii acsoeiaies and in>-clt nn the .-iilijei-t n|
the ('aiiadian Paciti*; niu>l ei n>e. l.irwe .h'mand> \\*\\- made iipnii me hy
.Mr. .McMullen ha-i' I partly iipnn alli'U'-d expenditure hy him, and partly
upon a claim hy him for etunpensaiion for his loss of time an I oervi>-e- in
the prnmniion id the enterprise so hmv as he and his iVietidj' remained
eonneetetj with it. These demands at lir-i wore of hipIi iin cxteiisive
choraeter that I dei lined altogether to entertain lliem. I was di-|Hise(l

K *

■'■"1

; ' ' ' liB

:!!•(>

TCTTLKS HISTORY OF' TITF^ DOMINION OF CANADA.

meats of a long correspondent e, so arranged

a« to make the circuniistances of .vhich thoy

treated apjjear in the worst possihK' l-vht. T!ie

: I'Heet produced is wtJ! described by Lord

Dull'eriii i'.i th • ;..llo\ving portion of his

I despatch ti> ihe Jkri of Kimberh-y, nnder date

i l.")th August . '(hi tile whole, as far as I could

gather from tla- tune of the press, and from

conversation, these revehitions rather improved

I than otherwise the position of the Ministry. On {

' the one liand, Sir Hugh AUan"s letters accounted ;

for and justiiied Mr. Iluntinffton's pertinency.!

I on the other, his allidavit. — or rather, ISir John

MacdiMiald's telegram, quoted in the allida-

vii, — satisfactorily prove that, so far from

yielding himself, or allowing his colleague, Sir

(.reorge Cartier, to yield to the pressure put

ujion him by Sir Hugh Allan in the height of

the election contest, my Prime Minister had

re(juired the immediate and complete cancelling

of an arrangement iav(n-able to Sir Hx;gh to

which Sir CJeorge had evinced a willingness to

subscribe."'

CHAPTER XXXVII.

(lOVF.KN.MHNTOl'TlIK F':AI!L ()!•' Dl'l-'i-'KIilN-
Tll 1', I'.M.'l I'K ' SCAN i ».\ ]..—{0>ntiiiin'i:)

Hi>w Tin; i,etti:rs(amkto ise rrisLisiiKD. —
■2. Ml!. McMrLLK.N's •Narrativi:.' — 3. Thic

DEFKNSE OK THE G<>VERNMi:HT. — 4. ThE
FEET.lNd AlOUT PlioRnOATION. — 5. LoRD
DrKFEKIN DEFINES THE POSlTIdN OF A
GoVER.NOK-GENEKAIi. — 6. ThE QUESTION OF

Pi;iii!0(iATi<>.N. — 7. Till-: tactics of the

tn ri'hirn t" my Aini'rifan Hs.-Mriiitc:* any innncy whicti tht^y nii^lit liiivt'

QXpnitleil in llic matter, iiml 1 wu.-* rt-ii'ly t iniu'ti.-utt' .\Ir. .Mc.Miilleii

I'lir the ln>ri nt' his time ami liis e.xpcii^es, Init it ii|i|>eiirc(l tn me thiit the
Mini he ih-iii;iM<le<l uji- miirli »rreater in .-iiiiount thiin all such dishiirse-
m.'iits ami c.sin'iisi'- inulil |i"-silil> have ri'ii. hi'il. I till naturally that
hy trnstiiiK In the liuMnr nt my cnrri'-iinmleiits ami writim: tn them in a
inaiintT -omewhal inennsiilerfite, I ha<l phieiMl it in their |inw<>r In
aniM'y me hy the jiiihliiiilinn n( thnse letters. anil I I'eareil thiit tliemitery
nhielimiiiht h^llnw their luihlieHiioii in Iho enliiiiiiii' of eertain |ia|iers
whieh lla^e maiiitei'tei) nnceasim; hostility tn ihc Canailian I'aeilie
Haihvax', miyht injure the itrnspeets n!' the ilelatiatinn in l-lnclaml. I
llieielnie aiithnri/eil anarraniiemcnt In he innile «ith .Mr. .McMullen, hy
uliK'h a sum vi-ry miieh If tn.iii lii.s nri^'inal ih'inamls shnuhl he imiil tn
him: the ureater |M>i-tii. '-e hut the reimiinim; anil a i-niisiilenihle

(inrlinn nn Iho Uilivery n! the Ii 'lers In me iiTter t''' jiresenl Sessinn ul'

Opposition. — S. His Exceli.k.\'V « uj-.i-
sioN. — 0. The Ninety-two EE.Mo.r.^TRvxT
MEMHERs. — 10. His KxcEiJiEXi y's kepi,' -

11. Piv'OKOOVTION. — 12. The lNlM';;vrATii;N

meeting. — 13. The effect of i'roro(».vtion.

1. — For the two weeks which followed the
publication of Sir Hugh Allan's letters, and his
siibsequent affidavit with regard „„„„,Hotte-,
to them, litile else occupied th.' ™metnhe,u.hii,hed.
attention of the newspapers, and •• The Scandal "
and ''The Slander," as it was called by the
( )pposition, and Ministerial papers respectively,
was discu.ssed in all its possible and imi)ossible
bearings. Of course, Mr. McMullen came in
for a full share of abuse, and '' scoundrel,"
•' blatk-mailer." & c , were amongst the mildest
uncomplimentary epithets applied to him. It
was charged that when he found that the
Government was determined to have American
capitalists exitluded from the new Company to
be formed, and that Sir Hugh Allan had informed
him that he would be obliged to break oH' itil
negotiations with his American a.s,sociates, he
attempted to black-mail Sir Huuh, d "uiandiag
a large sum of money, and threatening thi.t if
not paid he would i>ublish the letters he had in
bis possession ; that Sir HuLih had partly agreed
to his terms, had paid part of the money
demanded, and had deposited a cheque ivthe
balance ($1T,')00) in a sealed envelope, in the
hands of Hon. Henry Starnes to be given to Mr.
McMullen should the session close without the
' 'tters being puMisUed, and the letters them-
sehes, which •■ ii > also deposited with Hon.
Mr. Starnes, were then returned to Sir Hugh
Allan. It was also charged that he had kept

I'arlinmenl. shnuhl they not he jiiihlishiil in the interval. This wim
iieenrilim-'ly ilniie. .Mr. .Me.Miilhn reeeiveil the greater ran nf the nuiii
atrreetl tn with him, iiml the remainiler was jilaeeit in one nf thnse '
enyeln|ies in the tnrm of a eliei|ue, 'ho other envelnpe ennlainin; tn iho
hest ot iny heliel'thosaine letters wliieli have heen |iuhlishei| in the .Mont-
real //'in/./ this mnrninu. tinrelher with one or two nihers. whieh ihi imt
apiiear Ihorc, ht:t whieh wouhl hii\e estahlislieil the ni|>tiire of all
neantiiitiniis hetween the Amerieaiis ami mysell. .\ml this arraimemont
wiiR inaile on my hehall'. with Mr. MeMiilten, without tlio eonenrrenoc or i
knnwled»re of any uiemher of the linviTtiinent, none ol whom wore
iiwiire tliiit the itapers hail hoen ilejtositeil in the hamls i>f Ml. Starnes.
Ap. I have siKneil. Ill iiit Aiivv.
Sworn hehire me at .Montreal, this Itli ila\ of .Inly, IHT.t.

.1. L. lU'AI IIHV, J. I'

(JOVP.RMMRNT OF TITE RAKL OF DrFFKULV— THF I'AnFIC S('ANi»AI-

.•i!M

copies of these letters iiiul had sold them to the
leaders ol' till' Oiipositiou lor .1 lara'er amount
than that ollered by Sir Hu'.>h ($:i0.6i/.) N.as the
sum named). To this Mr. M( Mullen repl' l
that he had never met lion. Mr. Huntingion
but onee, had never spoken to him about railway
matters at all, disi.hiimeU having' received any-
thinu' I'or the letters, and denied havinn' I'urnished
them at all for publication.

2. — Crimination and re-crimination went on
for two weeks between MrMuUen and his
Mr. M.Miiii.'iiV aecasers, and the public was
••Niiriativi'." bejriiminii' to weary of the

controversy, when, on the 18th of July, Mr.
McMuUen caused to be published in the
Montreal Herald and Toronto Globe, what he
called his " Narrative "' of the whole cour.se ol'
his negotiations with Sir Hugh Alliin with
reference to the Pa<ilic Railway ; and the whole
complexion of the case was immediately
changed. The narrativi' of Mr. Me Mullen
was like a scorpion, all the sting was in the
tail. Mr. MeMuUeu's reputation for veracity
was not very high, and the tone and animus of
his narrative was so transparently vindictive
towards the Government and Sir Hugh Allan
for excluding him ami his partners from the
contract, that it would not have carried mmh
weiaht against the sworn testimony of Sii-
Hugh /Mian that no barrgain of any kind was
made with the Ministry; but the postcript to
McMullen"s stiitement contained copies of
telen'rams and letters from Sir John A. Mac-
donald iUid Sir Georu'e E. ('artier whi'h
showed, on the iatc of them, not only thnt Sir
Hugh Alkm advanced large sums tor election
purposes to those gentlemen, but that it was
done on account of some arrangement entered
into by Sir George E. ('artier, under date oOlh
July, 1872.* The appended statement of

•Tlicri' nils II ifri'iil il™l "f siu'i'iiliitiun iisi Ici li"\v enpii'." nf lln'.«i' Unir
doiMimunl." ciiiiiu inln .Mr .\liMulkTr.« |iiis.«es!<iiiii, iiii . Iipv were ki'iil I'ur
cipiin' liiiii' Ipy Hull. .M-. Aliluiit iimt iit'li'iwiirilp' Imndi'il " !iir IIiikIi Alliiii ;
I111I it WHS ruiiiitri-'l thut Hum. .Mr. AlilniftV l'ii\,.ii' .Sn-rt'tnry {.Mr. <,<'tirp!t>
Nnrris. .tr.) sulil riipii's ni t jh'hi tn .Mr. .Inlm .\. Pirkiiis. ii wiiriii siiii|mrter
of tlif < l|,|insiti<iii, ii.pl III) ui)Mir('i>s..rul Ciiiiil 'liiic Inr l!ri>iiii. .-it rli*-
I'k'Cliniiiil 187:;. rnr.SI,"'il'l.iiMil tliul Ihi'.v Wi'rr iippciiilril |i. .Mr. M.'.MiiII.mi's
li'ller til ilivi'rt .siis|iii'iiiii Inmi lliu smiri'i' Inmi wliicli tliry wiri! ulilaiiii'il.
Tim (lii<iiii.'<i!iil 111 .Mr. Niirris iiiiil \\\» ."uIjhumuuiiI vini>|i>.vtiiuiit by .Mr.

Senator Ki.st -r, f \at, as far a.- his kuoAi'kJge
went, the statement of Mr. McMul! 11 vms
substantially true, and *^hat he was aware of an
arraiigt>ment having being made for the u> :■ of
money for election purposes, carried ?7r -.'t
weight, and many who had always regani>d
the charge of Hon. Mr. Huntington as a ■ iU"
political trick, now chanii-ed their minds in*
were pronounced in their opinion tiiat the
matter needed the promptest and most thorou-rh
investigation, as tiiere must be some truth in
the charges.

3. — This second revelation was almost a death-
blow to the Ministry, and althouuh the
Montreal Hazelle of the -1st
July published an t>ditorial, by
authority ol the Ministry, it did not have much
elfect in changing the opinion which was by
this time generally formed, that the (\f ernment
had been retained in power by the corrupt use
of Sir Huuh Allan's money ; and th:it he hatl been
uiven the Charter as a reward for his pecuniary
services. The defence was as lollows: "We
ai'c autliorized liy the meml>ers of the (rovern-
ment referred to in the communications (tf
Messrs. McMuUen and l-'oster, published in tlie
Gdzi'tte of Saturday, to state that in so lur as
iiny part of those communication.s or of tiie
documents published with them teiuls or
purports to implicate any ui ';il>er of (bo
Governmen( in any agreement, :'uuii.-e or

The ih'fi .r Ihe

1mi\ ernlliullt.

understanding to grant, or

ither the

granting of the Chart, -r of the d; .i-lian I'acilic
Railway Company, or the coii,>'act for the
building of that Railway, as comp. ii.sation for
assistance at the late general el!<;;i ion.-, i>-i'or
pecuniary considerations of any !;• td, or upon
any 'jround. m for any retison incon>i-^lciit with
their duty as members of the (r(i\ ernmeni, those
lommunications and documents are either
absolutely and entirely false or so expressed as
to convey an absolutely false impro^sitni. That
the arraiigonent rei'erred to by the late Sir
Georg*' E. Cartier in the published letl r ol' the
*24th .August last was an arrangemetit personal

IVrkiiis. mill 111'' liiiliirc nt liutli .Mr. IVrkins Mini .Mr. Nurri." t^ iinin'iir
lit'liirc till' Knyiil CimiiiiisHi'iii.iciivu muiiii iiilor t" tliis ruuiiir.

1 •: w<

:i!i2

TlTTLirs IIIS'I'OUV <»|- TllK iXJ.MiNloX OF CANAKA.

m\ i i

ii -i

to liiiiisi'ir ;iii(l Sir lliiii'li Allan, iiuli'pciulcul ol",
iiiid iiiuil piiMiNlii'd, iiiikiiowii to tln' other
nifiiilx'rs <.i llic (.J<)\ t'nuiiciit. itiid (hut it had
no rercreiKv to ihc ('.iiiadiiui Piioilic t'lmrtor or
• ■ontrac't, or li> (he gr:iiitiiiL; or t'iuthcriiii>- tho
i>'r!intinii- ol' cillu'r ol' thcin ; and thai at the
earliest po»il)l(' ininiii'nt the wlinle ol' the
faets and ciri iini>tances will he hud hel'ore a
trihunal <ouipetenl to receix e evidence respeit-
in<rtheni upon oath." Indeed, thi' delence instead
ol' slreim'thiii;^- the position ol' tho Ministry
rather wcaktiK'd it ; lor it was regarded hynumy
as a mean attempt to llirow upon the shoulders
of a dead colleague* the whole responsihility
of a Iraiisaiiinn to Avhieh at least two cither
menihers of the Ministry — Messrs. Macdonald
and Lanuex in — appeared to have been privy.

4, — I'uhlie attention was now thorouiihly
aroused, and the exfitei.nent soon grew to lie

TiK.f,.Hi„..,i„.u, ^■'^"'■y ii''"'''i'- 'l''ii' proposed pro-
'*''"'"'■'■'"""• rogation on the l:;th ol' Auii'ust

was no longer /ciinrded as a mere I'drmality, hut
the necessity lor the members re-assembliim'
and continuing the session was warmly and
spiritedly^ discussed. * Mi liic .ine hand it was
urt:ed that it would he unl'air to those members
who lived at lonii' di>tanci.s I'rom Ottawa il' the
House shonlil picu-.'ed to business without tluMr
preseni e, and in some instances il WH)uld bo
physically impossible I'tn- tiie mi'inbers to reach
Ottau. by the ISth ; and also that the House
having rormally au'reed ihat the mooting ol' the
l-'ith slumld be only /iro fi rnia, and that no
busim'ss bey<ind receiviiiL!' the rej)ov'. .il' tho
(Select Conunittee, and provoLiation sliould be
tran.sacted, lu) other bu.>iness could be (hine. On
the other hatid it was nrned that the rovehviions
\vhi<'i iiad been made di'maiuled instant mvos-
tigali >ri — indeed some jiapors went so I'ar as to
claim l.iat no investigation w.is ieede(l. but that
the (lovernoi'-doneral shoui'v disuii'-.- tli" Min-
istry at once : and that it the im inbcrs were
not in their places tin-y had omy theutNolveM to
blame aiul must take the consotjuenceh of their
abseil. 0. Tile Opposition press was violem in
ils ilcmund tlnit the House should noi be proro-

' SirdviirKi' !''• Ciirtier clii'il irj l.>>ji<l<<

(h M.1.V, ts7:i.

uuod, while the Ministerial organs were as
decided in their opinions that prorogation hav-
ing boon lixed for that day, must take place, and
that the session c(mld not be proloiiLicd. Pul)Iic
sympathy was quite in i'uvor of the House con-
tinuing the session, and push i 11 '_'■ through the in-
vostiiiation of these charges without delay. It
was felt that there had been altou'ether too much
delay already; and thai, no matter whether it
was tho (iovornment or the Opi)osition which
was to blame for this delay, it was now lime
that it should cease, and the charges either sus-
tained or disproved without any more light inij-
against time on either .sid<'. As for the Opposi-
tion, there was no dou1)t but that the members
were now really in earnest iiulemandingiiKpiiry ;
and any further attempt of tho Government to
stave ofl an investigation was tiiily regarded as
an ell'ort to retain power as loiiii- as possible.

') — It was only to bo exjiected that into so
warm a controversy the name of the Governor-
General should be introduced; |_„r,i i)„iv,,,in
and very soon th.' Ministerial lli'li'^i';;';.";,,';;;.:''''"'
press l)egan to assume an air of '"'"^'"i-
authority with r<uard to the proposed action of
His I'lxcelleiu y which was calculated to liive
the impression that the arti<les were at least
sanctioned, il not inspired, i-ither by him or by
some one in his very close conlideiice. This led
the Opposition press to comment with consider-
able so\'erity tipoii tho proi)Osed conduct of His
.Excellency, and not only to a<lvise hut to
lecture him oil what it was supposed he would
do. His Excellency was at liiis time makiiiu'
a juogress through the Maritime Provinces,
and was in Prince I'klward Island wiieii Mr.
McMullens "Narrative" was published, lie
at once sent for Hon. Messrs. Tilley and Tupper,
who happened to l)e on the Island on some
business connected with its recent admission
to the Inion, and he says in his despatch of
tho loth of August, "the strenuous assurances
I received from each of them cnidirmed my
hope ihat matters miuht be satisfactorily
explained."* From Prince Edward Island

• Il lUM.V 111' 11- VVI'll III s'lllc luTC ll,:il III. I llll' I'llilllO^I liri'lllll 111'

Misiiifiiiii liii.« vwr Miiiirluil ilsfll to vitiii.i III llu'.«i. Ki'iillvuK'ii lis ImviiiK

alls were as
rotation htiv-
iki' placi', ami
Mizyd. Puhlic
n' House cou-
rout>'h tlic iu-
mt delay. It
her loo much
I'v whether it
:)sitioii whirh
as now time
;es either su.s-
nore light iiij>'
)r tlie ( ipposi-
the members
(liiii>'iu(iviiry;
Dvenimeiit to
,' regai'ded as

possible.

that into so
he Goveriior-

oril DiillVrin
Jlitii's the iMisiiiim
fa intvcriiin"-

ised action ol'
ated to iii\-e
Acre at lea.st
)y him or by
ice. This led
■ith coiisider-
nduil (if His
Ivise but to
ed he would
ime makiiin'
B Provinces,
d when Mr.
I)lished. He
and Tui)i)er,
md on some
It adnii.ssion
despatch of
IS assurances '
nlirmed my
satisl'attiirily
vaid Island

fililltCSl IplVlllll III'

■nllciiu'h ii.-^ liti\ itiK

«...

i.M

r ;»

.1 J|ir

1 i'

i ■ m^

liilii

In:.' 1

r-i

IH'I

"! 'I ■ I

mD,

It'

:-n

(JOVKUNMKNT OK TIIK KARL OK DrFFKRIN-TIfE PACIKK* SCANDAL.

li'Xl

His Exiflliiicy procccdi'cl to Ilalilax, siiul lhen>
he IihukI that thf prrss was makiiii;- .sii« h
\in\vanaiilt'(l use ol liis imuic, that he coiisidfrcil
it iiefcf.!sary lo explain wlial he considt'n'd thf
position ol' a Goveiiioi-dt'nfial undi'i' the i
C'onstitulioii, wliicdi he did in ii vt'iy ahlf '
spei'c h tl.'livtMt'd at a dinner tiiveii in his honor
by the Ilalilax Club.

0. — Still His ExtcUoney was by no means
determined what nurse to i)ursue. l! had
Til.', ii.'-iiuh ..r been arranged that Parlianienl

''■■'"■'"' • should be lormally prorogued

by Commission, and Lieut. -Governor Caron, of
Que)»ei , was the ollii er who was to perform
the eeremony : but His Kxcelleu>y I'elt that his
presence in Ottawa was necessary, and that he
must consult his lull Council belore linally |
determininj>' whether to continue to take the j
advice of his Ministers, or to dismiss them. '
From the time of the nublication of the letters,
etc.. he had been in lorrespondence with Sir
John A. Macddiiald. who assured him that all
the chart;'es ayainst the Government could be
satisfactiirily exiilained as soon as the Govern-
ment had an opi>oiiunity to do so before a
tribunal comi)etent to take testimony on oath;
the Premier insistiuii-, very justly, that in a
matter so ueaily concerninn' the honor of the
Ministry it would be most luijusi to admit
testimony which was not uiven under the
sanctity of an oath, and with tiie fear of i)uuish-
ment for perjury before the eyes of the witness.
On the (juestion of i>roro!iation, the Premier
claimed that His Excellency should cany out I
the well-understood and pi-rfectly widl-ag-reed
arrani;-eiuent niaib' in May, that the Hou-e
should only iiieri pro formn, and be prorogued. |
It must be recollected that at this time the I
strenuth of the Opposition lay in Ontario and ,
Quebec, especially in the former, where they j
wen- in a decided majority; and it was much I
easier for them to assemble at Ottawa than it
was for the supporters of theGovernnient, many

lu-en in any wh.v i-i'in ti'«l \\\\\\ the jillrircd I'tiiTiiii biirKiiiii witli Sir

lliiuli Allan: nml llii'ir liiith |l0^^i|lll!ll • Imniftcrs nii<i uniinin'MiliiiMo
liiililiriil iin.liiiv. wi'ii' llii' slnMiKc^t suii|"its Sir.Iiilin .\. .Maciliiiialil hail
lliniiifh liir irv inu' Hin'ii davs iliiiiiii! wliii'h tliu ilubali' which IctI to the
ri.'.'<iKiiatii>ii cir the Ministry hi.'cti'il.

of whom were in th' most remote parts of the
Dominion, and could not possibly retudi the
Cai)ital ill time for the meetinii' of the House.
The Opposition orii-ans hail set up the |i|,;i ihat
a majority of Parliament could <lo whatever a
lull House (!ould do — in fact, thai a majority
ii'iiA Parliament; but Sir John .\. Macdonald
held that it would be most luijust for his
Ministry to be "given over. l)ound hand and
foot, to the tender nii-rcies of their oiiponeiils
in the absL'Uce oi his supporters, whom he had
dismissed to their homes with my sanction and
with the aequit'.sence of ParliamtMit,"* nml His
I'^xcellency linally yii'lded to his advice, and
determined that the programme of prorogation
should be carried oul.

7. — Meanwhile ihe Opposilion was most
active, and were coniident of success. Every
sup])orter they could count on ii,,. hi.ii,..,.i ihr
was drummed up and mar- "ii"-"'""'
shalled in array for the momentous loth, and
a few coinerts from the Ministerial ranks were
partially gained over. who. althouiih not at that
tinu' (juite prei>ari'd to vote a want of conlidenee
in the Government, were ijuite ready to supi>ort
a prolongation of the session, as oj)posetl to
immediiite prorouation, and a prosi'cution of
th ■ in(|uiry without further delay. Stioiui- in
their ilieory that a majority could do whatever
the House could, and still stroimer in the
numeri'al superiority which they knew they
would be al)le to .-how in the absence of so
many Ministerialists, who could not reach
Ottawa, they gathered at the Capital, leeling
coniident of driving the "Charier-sellers." as
the Ministry were termed by I hem, from ollice.
The lact that the programme for i)rorogatiou
had been changed, ■■•nd that Hi^ Excellency
would be i)resent in person, instead of t>mploy-
iiig a de[)uty, tis had been originally determined,
gave them increased conlidenee, and they felt
well satislied that he would not prorogue the
House in the face of so large an assemblage of
members, and atiainst llieir special reipiest,
which it was determined to nuike known to
him in the shape of a nn'morial signed by all

* Ijoril UuHerin's ikvpati'h of l.Sth A"irii-i|.

'<^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0

I.I

tiS. 12.0

.. .,. IIIIIM

1.8

1-25 111111.4 IIIIII.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

^^'

%
^

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

<i.^

isii!;!

i I ti

:ij)4

TUTTLKS IIISTonV OF THE DOMINION OF C'A::M)A.

Ili>' Excelloiic.vV

lllioisinll.

who Avere opposed to prorogation, iiltlior.'ih not
thcrelore necessarily opposed to the Oo\ern-
inent.

J^. — The citizens ol' Halifax had prepared a
series ol' demonstrations in honor oi' His Excel-
lency's visit, and as he did not
like to disappoint them, he was
detained until the evenini>' of Saturday, the 9th.
and did not reach < Utawa until the morninu' of
the loth, the day iixed for prorogation. Shortly
after his arrival, His Excellency had an inter-
view with Sir John A. Macdonald, at which all
the arguments for and against prorogation
were gone over agai'v and His Excellency
finally determined that he did not considt'r
himself justified in exercising the Royal Pre-
roaativc and dismissing his Ministers on the
ttnsubstantiated charges against them, in the
face of their oft-repeated assurances that there
was no foundation for them, and that the
suspicious circumstances could be explained;
that, therefore, he should continue to take their
advice and shotild prorogate Parliament, but
only on the condition that Parliament should
be convened again as speedily as possible,
say in six or eight weeks — a condition to which
Sir John readily assented, indeed he had him-
j self jtreviously proposed an extra session — and
it was agreed that His Excellent-y should meet
i the full Council at two o'clock, in order that the
I agreement might be ratified by all the Min-
I isters. At this Council meeting it was sug-
ffi'sted that if the extra session was called in
ten weeks instead of eight, it would be possil)le
to get the estimates and departmental reports
ready, so that the ordinary busitiess of Parlia-
ment miuht be proceeded with, and the trouble
and expense of a Spring session avoided. This
was assented to, and, on this understanding,
His Excellency agreed to prorogue Parliament.
1'. — t)n his way to the Council Chamber, His
Excellency was informed that a deptttation of
mtmbeis of Parlianu'Ut desired
to wait on him for the puri)ose
of presenting a memorial aiiainst
prorogation ; and as soon as the Council
meetinu' was over he received the members,

Till' iiiiii'ly-lwc

rfni'Mi>trHnt

iiiL'inin-rs.

when their cliairnuxn, Mr. Cartwright, read the
menu)iial praying that Parliament should not
be prorogued until it had had an opi)ortunity

' of determining what steps it would take in the
matter of the charges made by Hon. Mr.
Huiitinaton against the Ministry.* Mr. Cart-
wrigiit in presenting the memorial, stated that
it had been signed by ninety-two members
ol tlie House, which was more than a majority
of the ordinary uttt'udance at Parliament, and
that another member who had not alUxed his
siunature, had expressed his willingness to sign
it.

10. — His Excellency in replyina- a.ssured the
deputation that he regretted as much as anyone
the delay which had occurred in m, |.;^,.,,||,,,„.yv
making the inquiry, and, as far "'''•'•
as the delay niiiiht have been occa.sioiied by the
disallowance of the Oaths Bill, stated that his
own iuipressidu liad been tiiat it was not
Htlra vires, bul that a d<)ul)t having bei-n I'aised
on the qiteslion he had exercised the ri^ht
which he possi'ssed of cnnsultini;- the Home
Authorities, with the result already known, lie
continued: " Vou then pi'oceed to urge me. ■••

! uTounds w iiicli are mmv fairly and lorcibh
stated, to decline tiie advice which has been

I unanimously tendered nie by uiy rcsponsildi'

! Ministers, and to refuse to prorogue Parliament,
in other words you require me to dismiss them
from my councils; for, gentlemen, you must
beawaietluit this would be the necessary result

j of my assenting to your reco' nnendatioii.

I Upon what grounds would I be justified in

I • " Tliu iiiiilcrfiiriinl, uu'iiil«.'r«i>l'llj(< ItiiiiMeiifCoiiiiiiniiKiirCaiiiiilii.dt'.'.ii't'
ri'-i'ct'trull.v to jiii|irit;i('li \'oiir K.vci.||<>im',v, niul hiinililx' hi roiirrsntt (liiit
inuro thiiii t'niii- iiiiiiith< li:ivi' iilri'M.l,\ (.'lii|"'i''l siiii'f llic lloiiuralilc .Mr.
lliinliMi.'lnii in.ult'. Ii'iiii h\f pliivo ill tlu' IIoiim', itr.ivi-- cliiiruc" iil' rnr-

I niiitinii .itMiiisi Vmir I'lxi'i-'llc'iir.v's cniislitiiliMiiiil iii|visi'r> in ri'lciTiicc Id
j tiK' I'Mi'ifii' lUilwii.v ('(iiitnu't : tliul iilllmimli tlio lloii.'^a hux ii|i|»<iiitoil a

I I C.MUiiiitlL'i' to oni|iiiri' iiitn the .■^.liil cliiirirc.". the rn"oi'i'i'iliiiK..* ol tliis
i'<MiiiiiitU!C liave, on \-iirioii..< Kvoinul.-i. hei'ti pn^lpoiiuil. and tUv iiiquir.v
lia.'' not yi't liikm iilai-e: that the Inaior of the ooiinlry iiiipnr.iti\rly

I requires llial no Ini'liier (K'lay shoiiM take iilacc in tlic invi'slii-'ation ol
' cliarKc-' ol so L'ravo a cliarai'UT, ami vhicli il is the duly and uialonlili'il

riwiii aiiil |iii\ ih,'i:i' itl ihu Coininons to piosci-iiic.

1 " 'I'lio iiinUTsii2iu'il aiT lU'i'jply iminv.-si'd with the ooiiviflion that any

i iilli'iniit to iiosljioni- lhi.< iiniiiiry, or to ri'iiiovo il I'r iiii tlu' .iiiri-ilii'lion ol'

till' Cniniiioiis, Hiiulil croali' tin.' most inlonse ilis.-alisl'ai'limi ; ami tlioy,

llicicrorc. pray Voiir K.vii'lk'iii'y not to proroi-'iiu Parliament until Ihe

llon.-e ol Commons shall have an opportiinily ol' lakiiiK siii'h (.lepx as il

may ileciu m-L'eS'iir.x' anil cxpoilieiit with rul'iTi'iiuo to this imporlani

i matli-'r. "

ht, read the

should not

apjiortuuity

take in the

Hon. Mr.

Mr. C'art-

, staled that

3 nicmberis

1 a miijority

lament, nnd

allixcd his

ness to sign

assured the
ti as an \ one

l.v.

:>aeil hy I he

ted that his

it WHS not

IjeiMi raised

I the riulit

till' Home

<ii(i\\n lie

irue nie. ■ ••

nd iorcihly

li has been

ri'sponsilile

rarlianieiit,

suiiss them

, you must

ssary result

luundation.

justiiied in

111 Ciiii;i<lii.d('>iri'
III rviiri'si-iil Ih.il

!■ II MMlilr .Mr.

fliariic- 111' fur-
r- ill ii'li'iciu'O III
! has ii|iiiiiiiilt.'i| a

I'l'iUllK.- Ill llii.i

iiul llii> iiKiuii'y
iliy iin|iiir.iti\i'ly
I' iriViv-li^'iiliori iiT
ty and iiiiilniilncil

mvioliiin llial iiiiy
lit' .iiiri-ilii'liiin 111'
ivlion : anil llii'y.
iiiiiiiMit until iIk'

K Sllrll sti'ps Jl.i il

II llii." iniiinrlanl

(iOVERNAFRXT OF TTTI-', EAI^L OF miFFFRFX-TTIK PAriFIf! Sf'.\XDAL.

:!!)5

taking so grave a step :" what guarantee can
you afford me that the Parliiiment of the
Dominion would endorse such an Act of
perscmal interference on my part? You,
yourselves, gentlemen, do not form an aetual
moiety of the House of Commons, and I have
no mean.^, therefore, of ascertaining that the
majority of that liody subscribe to the opinion
you have enounced. Again, to what shouUl I
have to appeal in justification of my conduct ^
It is true grave charges have been preferred
against these !>entlemen ; charges which I admit
require the most searching in\ csliuation : but
as you, yourselves, remark in your memorandum,
the truth of these accusations still remains
untested. One of the authors of this corres-
pondence which has made so painful an
impression on the public, has admitted *hat
many of his statements were hasty and
inaciurate; and has denied on oath the
correctness of the deductions drawn from them.
Various assertions contained in the narrative of
till' other have been i)ositively contradicted. Is
the (lovernor-Greneral, upon the strenn'th of
such evidence as this, to drive from his presence
gentlemen who for years have filled the highest
ofliies of Slate, and in whom, during the recent
Session, rarliament has repeatedly declared its
continued conlidence i It is true, certain
documents of u'rave significance have lately
been published in the newspapers in <'onnection
with these matters, in regard to which the fullest
explanation must bi' given, but no i)roof has
yet been adduced which nece.s.sarily connects
them with the culpal)le transactions of which
it is asserted that they formed a ])art, however
qiiestionable they may appear, as placed in
juxtaposition with the correspondence to which
they have been ajipeuded by the person who
has possessed himself of them. Under these
circumstances, what right has th(> Governor-
General, on his personal respoiisil)ility, to
proclaim to Canada — nay, not only to Canada,
but to America and Europe, as such a proceeding
on his part must necessarily do, that he believes
his Ministers guilty of the crinu's alleged against
them?" He then referred to the impossibility

I'niiMijatiiiii.

of making a call of the House, to the positive
aureement made by rarliamtmt — as he was
informed by the Premier — that the meeting on
the IMth of Augiist would only be for
prorogation : and announced his intention of
issuing a Royal Commission at once to investi-
gate the charges, and said that Parliament
would be sunimond to receive the re]>ort in
eio'ht or ten weeks at the furthest.

11. — When the Special Committeeheld itsmeet-
ing in Montreal on the 8rd of July it adjourned
to meet at Ottawa on the 13th
of August, and accordins'iy four
of the members, Messrs. Blake, Blanchet,
Cameron and Dorion, met at 11.30 a.m.. but
nothing was done, and when the House met
at '3.2o p.m., the Committee had no report to i
p;.'>sent. The reply of His Excellency to the
deputation, had ]wen a great surprise and dis-
appointment; <>-reat things had been expected
of the ■' Memorial "' and the intelliuence that
prorogation would take place, was received with
very bad a'rac e. The moment the Speaker took
the chiiii- — before indeed the doors had been
opened, ilou. Mr. Mackenzie rose to a question
of privileae, and read a motion to the effect that
it was the imperative duty of the House to have
a full investigation into the Pacific Railway
charges; that the assumption of that duty by
any Tribunal appointed by th(> Execiitive would
l)e a gross breach of the privileges of the House ;
and that it was highly reprehensible for any
person to presume to advise His Excellency to
prorogue Parliament until it had taken action
in the matter of the inquiry. Hon. Mr. Mac-
kenzie was just commencing to speak to his
motion when Black Rod apjieared and was
grtM>ted with such a storm of hisses, cheers, and
cries of "jirivilege" that his mes.'age summon-
ing the House to the Senate Chamber was
almost inaudible. The Speaker at once left the
chair and was followed to the Senate by thirty-
five members, all supporters of the Government,
all the members of the Opposition retaining
their seats. In jnoroguing the Houses, His
Excellency fbrmi,ily announced what he had
told the Memorialists, viz., that a I{oyal Com-

, i '".

1 , >

?:-»«*

;i!i(;

ti"itij:s iirsTonv ov .hi>: dominmon of ('a.\'.m>a.

mission would be issued, and lliat rarliamont,
would Ix' suuinioiuid lor business in a I'e'v
wcrks time.

lii. — Dcprivod of the jiower of attackinu' the
^linistry in the House ol' Commons l)y proroga-
,„ , ,. ,. t ion, the members ol' the Opposi- '

'""''"" tion organized an • Indiiiiiation "

meetini:' in the b'aihvay Committ,e(^ Koom, and
discussed this latest phase of the "Scandal."
Ml, C'artwriiihl reported the result of the inter-
view with His Exeelieney, and was lollowed by
Messrs. Cunningham, ISurpee (Sunl)ury), Forbes,
Paquel, Cauehon, Lallamnu\ Mackenzie, Blake,
and ]Iuntiniit(ni, who all took the line of argu-
ment that prorciiation was a breach of the
privileges of Parliament; that llis Excellency
should nol have taken the advice of his Minis-
ters ; that those Ministers were guilty of the
grossest t'orruption, and were only staving oil'
inc|uiry to keep themselves in ollic(> ; and that
the issuing of a Royal Commission by Ministers
to try them.selves was a farce on .Tirstiet> and an
insixlt to the House in wh(»se hands the inqiiiry
should hav- been allowed to remain. The plea j
that supporters of the tJovernment were not i
present was looked on as a mere subterfuge, as ;
friends of the ( )|)position had had plenty of tinu? ,
to come from Manitoba, and it was charged that 1
siqiporters of the ^Ministry had been instructed ,
to absent themstdves so that this plea could be j
raised with some di'gree of plausibility. The
meeting was stormy and excited, and His Ex- ,
cellency came in for some share ot ])lame, one
speaker comparing him to Nero fiddling while !
liome was burning. Having talked itself hoarse '\
without taking' any action, the m(>eting ad- '
journed until 7.80 p.m., when it anain met in
the Railway Committee lioom, — a sugaestion of i
Hon. Mr. Cauchon's that they should take pes- i
session of the Commons Chamber being disre- '
garded, — and Hon. Mr. Cauehon moved "That |
the prorogation of Parliament withoi;t giving
the Hoiise of Commons the opportunity of pro- j
secuting the inquiry it had already undertaken 1
was a gross viohitiou of the privileges and in- |
dependence of Parliament and of the riu'hts of
the peoi>le.'' Mr. David Mills seconded the reso-

lution, which was carried iinanimously. Dr. I
Forbes then moved, st>coiided by Mr. Cart- '
wriii'ht, "That in the opinion of this meeting,
the House of Commons is tlie jiroper l)ody to
institute and prosecute an inquiry into the
pending charges against the Ministry; and the
art of the Ministry in removinu' the inquiry
from the HoiTse of Commons, and appointiim' a
Commission of their own to try themselves, is a ;
gross violation of the riahts and privileges of I
Parliament, and it will be the imjierative duty '
of the House of Commons, at the lirst moment
at which it is allowed to meet, to take the matter '•
into its own hands and prosecute an inquiry." j
This was spoken to ])y Messrs. Cartwriaht, A. J. j
Smith (Westmoreland), Mc]»onnell (Inverness), '
Cunnmgham, Coihn, Groudge, Fiset, Hymal, i
Yoiing (Montreal West), Jettt', Anglin, and
Mackenzie, and Senators Letellier D(> St. Just
and Christie, after which it was carried uiuini-
moiisly. and the meeting di.spersi'd.

i:]. — The news of the prorogation, produced
the greatest excitement throughout the country,
and the action of the Ministry ,j,,,^ ,,„.,,,., „(. ,,^,,_.,,
in advising ]irorogation, and the -'''"""•
conduct of the Governor in accepting their ad-
vice were freidy commented on and generally
condemned.* The poinilarity of the Grovernor-
G-eneral received a severe wren<h, and, for a
moment he was in considerable disfavor. That
Lord Dutferin acted correctly, however, as a
Constitutional ruler then" can be little doubt,
or if he erred at all it was in being too Con-
stitutional and preferrina- to follow the strict '
letter of the law instead of exercising the
Ixoval I'rerogative. His whole line of conduct
was foreshadowed in his speech delivered be-
fore the Halifax Club, of which we give the

' •Till' tunc 111' tlie (l|l|"l^ili■>ll laes.-' trc'iiei-iill.v hm.'' vury ncvcn! mi I-iiril ;
Diiircriii : we ttivo tlic lollciwiim oxIriU't-- IVoiii llii' U'luliiiL' (HKiiriH in '
(Juclici' mill Ontitrin an iiiilil siicrinu'ii.i i

" Vi'sti'i-iliiy, at O'lawii. an in't was pi'ipplraluil wiiirii i.- inMiialily tlii'

groatost iiutvaKO nn liic ('oiislitiilicni wiiii'ii lia< iiciMiiTi'ii >ini'i' Oliver

Crniiun'il iirilorc.l 'that liaiilile ' In lie t.iiii'ii .-iway." JLhiiiimI //.,■.,/./, i

llili AnmiM IST'i. j

'■ liiinl hiilVi'i'in lias, ill slmil, iliiiii' wliat tlie I'roiiiier iislie.l liin-. Me

; has iiiisseil a (treat i)|i|iorliiiiily iir^liiiwiiiK that he liail a niiiKJ nl' liis mvii,
that he eiuiiil rise tn tlie iliiiaity "I' a ureal erisis. iliat he eiuilil ai'l in !
imttiPK ihiwii I'lirriii 'mi willi a linn liaml. It will lie a ili.<a|i|>iiintineiit j
III .siiiiiu. hill ulliers mure hiniiiiiir Willi tlie |iasl eareer nl' Ijiinl UiiH'erin

I have not Incikeil I'lir much at liis hamls." TorDiitn Wo'/' , lltli .\iiBU8t IST:!.

Hi lii'l

(iOVHIJVMHXT OP TIIK KAHl. OK Dri'KKRIX- TIIK UOYAL COMMISSION.

Ibllowiiig' paraii'mph witli voffard to a Crovi'riiov-
CriMipnil's duty towards his Ministers : " So long-
as they arc maintained hy I'ariianient in their
positions, so hniu' is he bound to give them his
unreserved conlidence, to defer to their advice,
and loyally to assist ihcm witli his counsels."
That the Ministry still possessed the confidence
of Parliament he had no reason to doubt ; their
majority in the last Session had steadily in-
creased from 10 on the Jirst vote to :j5 on the
last, and even the full strength of the Opposi-
tion as assembled at Ottawa, includinii' the
twelve who usually supjiorted the Government
but had siuiicd the -'memorial" was only 112.
Three of the signatures were affixed by proxy,
so that tliore were only actually 8!) present, out
of a House of 200, and it was not claimed by
the Opposition that they could muster more than
one or two more votes. In fact it was a mino-
rity of the nous(> endeavouring' to pursuade
Plis Excellency to dismiss his legal advisers and
take them instead — for. of course, a refusal to
take the advise of His ^Ministers was tantamount
to a dismissal. So strongly was this point felt
that the Opposition papers claimed that '• a ma-
jority'' of the House had memorialized His
Excellency — but how they made 89 members,
or even 98 as some papers claimed signed, a
majority of 200 they did not take the trouble to
explain. Another point raised was that Lord
Huirerin ought to have dismissed his Ministers
because they were charged with corrupt prac-
tices : but if Governor-Generals were to adopt
the principle of dismissing Ministers because
Opposition newspapers charged them with cor-
rupt practices no Ministry would evi'r remain
twenty-four hours in office. This point is very
fairly deatt with by Lord Dutierin in his des-
patch of the fifteenth of August. He says : " It
is a favorite theory at this moment with many
persons, that when once grave charues of this
nature have been preferred against the Ministry
they become ipso facto unfit to counsel the
Crown. The practical a]>plication of this princi-
ple would prove very inconvenient, and woi;ld
leave not only the Crovernor-General, but every
Lieutenant-Governor in the Dominion, very

ihinly provided with resi)onsible advisers, lor
as far as I have been able to seiz(> the spirit of po-
litical controversy in Canada, there is scarcely
an eminent man in the country on eith<'r side
whose character or integrity has not Ix'oi, at one
time or another, tlie subject of reckl(>ss attack
by his ojiponents in ihi' press." That Lord
Dulferin was right in refusing to condemn and
punish his Ministers l)efore they had l)een found
uuilty there can be little doubt ; but that his
Minist(>rs committed a l)lunder and !ire'\lly in-
fluenced Pixblic Opinion against themselves l)y
the advice they uave him is beyond (|Uestion.
The general ])ublic is not given to lvou])lin!i'
itself overmuch with nice points of I'arliamen-
tary ]irivilege or of Constittitional practici' ; they
only looked to th(> broad facts that over four
months ago the 3Iinistry had been charged in
the House of Commons with .sellinu' the Charter
of the Pacific Railway; that lor more tliaii a
j month letters and documents liad been before
I the public, which, taken alone and without ex-
planation, made out a prima facie case of guilty ;
that it was in the power of the Ministry to have
\ continued 'he Session of Parliament and had
I those charges investigated, in some way, if I hey
I had bt'en so disposed; and their disinclination
i to meet Parliament was looked on as a proof of
I guilt, and from the day of the pio''ogation of
' Parliament may be counted the decline and fall
' of the Macdonald Administration, and tlie over-
I whelming defeat of the party at the polls at the
General Election of 1874.

CHAPTER XXXVin.
(■'ovKiiX.MrA'ToF'niK K.\i;b or kcfi'KI.m.v-

TIIK KOVAL CoM.Ml.ssioX.

1. ApI'oinTMKXT <>!•■ TIIHEl-; ,TfD(iKS. — 2. Hon.
Mr. HUNTINdt'oN l!KKrT,>^i:s to AI'FK \\l liKKOUIC
THE CoMMISSIOXKHS. — 3. TuE CoMMITTr.F.
I'UiU'EEn.S WITH SUCH WITNESSES AS IT CAN

OET. — 4. Siu Francis Hincks" evidence. —
f). Sir Jiimn A. Macdonald's evidevce. —
6. Hon. H. L. Lanoevin's evidence. — 7.

i i
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;!!is

iTTrr-Hs iiiSTouv or the dominion ok canada.

l!ilH!l

Hii; Hicii AiJ-AN's KVIDKXCK. — 8. Hon. J.

J. ('. AlilKiTT's KVIDKXCK. — 9. TlIK COMMIS-

sidiNKiis ri:i'oi;t witikjt't ExruKssiNd an

OIMNKIX.

I. — On the 14ih ol' August, ]87-i, llio day
Ibllowiug Proiottatiou, His Excelleiuy issued a
.P„ui„,„„.„,„f,hn.,- l^oyl ("ominission to Jud-os
■''"''-'•■■• rolt'tto and Clowan. and Ex-

Judad Day to iuvcstiuate the charges made
by Hon. ^fr. Huntington, and to rrport to
the Speakers of the Senate and Commons as
well as the Secretary ol' Stale. A great deal
oi' exception was taken to the.se appointments
by the Opposition, on the ground that the
Ministers should not be t"' by a Commis-
sion appointtnl by ihemse.,.-,; and some oi'
the Opjiosition papers even attacked the /ler-
sonnel of the Commission, claiming that they
were likely to be swayed by political con-
.siderations. This was searcrly Just. Ex-Judge
Day, Chancelhn- ol' McGill College, Montreal,
had been tor many years one oi' the .Tudgis ol'
the Superior Court of Lower Canada, and stood
very high in his prolession : Judge Polette, of
the Superior Court. (Quebec, and .Tudiie Gowan,
County Court Judge for Simcoe, had been
removed from i)olitics for many years, and both
were regarded as gentlemen of unl)lemished
probity and excellent legal knowledge.* The
Conunission was issued luuler tht» Act Vic. 31,
Chap. 08. — passed during the session of 1868 —
ajiving the Governor-in-Council power to issue
Commissions to ii-quire into public matters,
&e. ; and exieption was taken to the Commis-
sion on the ground that this sort of inquiry
was not contemplated by the Act; but the
Governor-General held that to be a purely

• r,nril Duti'priii. in lii,< (Icsiuitcli nl' tlie I'lli "f .Vinriidt, to the EnrI of
Kiiiiliei-li'.v. .^iiys (it'tlii'sv wullcincn :— !

" OiilycpiiL' 111 tlicni is |ii'i-"iwilly kniiwn to ine, viz. : .liidirc Day, who. us
Chiirifi'linr of Ihc .^Idiill rnivcrsity, rcciivcd me on my visit to that
instiliitiiin. Since tliul we liMve improveil our ai'iinaiiitiinee, mimI I liiive |
no hesitation in statina, lioth Irom what [ know anil have leaint. that I ;
have every ennlitlenee in .luiliie Iiay's hiirh sense of lionor, ea|iaeily nml j
lirnme.".*. [ htn-e also eonpidoreil it my iliity to hatipt'y myself as to the j
• iiiiililieations of the other two Keiitlemeii with whom he is assoeiatcil,
ami 1 am in a imsition to inform \\\uy l.nrilshiii that tiiey are L'ener.iliy
reirnrded ftf itersons of unlili'inislieil intenriiy, smiinl jiKlirment, ami '
professiiuail ahilit.\', while the lenrlh of time all three have lieen remo\'eJ
from iiiilities free- lliem I'mm tlie siis|iieion of politieiil (lartiianshiii. "

legal point on which he must take the
advice of his legal advisers, tind, moreover,
as the Act specially i)rovi<h'd for inquiry
into any matter allecting '-the good govern-
ment of Canada," he concluded that this
was n subject which came very much under
the meaning of the Ait. Another objection to
the Commission was that its appointin'ut was
a breach of the privileti'es of thi> House; but
this was met })y the fact that the House was
powerless to conduct the inquiry itself in the
only manner which would be satisfactory —
under oath — since the disallowance of the
Oaths Bill; and that prorooation having dis-
solved the Committee appointed by the House,
the matter would have to lie over until Parlia-
ment met again, which was most undesirable;
and. moreover, there was nothing to .show that
Parliament would appoint another Committee,
for if the ^linistry was del'«'ated on a vote
of want of conlidence, the nuitter might be
allowed to rest there. On the other hand, the
ai)i)ointment of the Comrniss.sion could not in
any way aliect the riti'ht of Parliament to
appoint a Committee of its own. and investi-
gate the case )le novo, as if the Ivoyal Commis-
sion had never existed. Under these cinixra-
stanees, it appears that ]>ord Dutl'erin was
perfectly justilied in ai)pointing the Commis-
sion; and, although the Opiiosition press at-
tacked the Commission, its appointment was
generally approved by the public at large, who
v.'ce anxious to have the truth or untrutK of
these charges proved without further delay.

2. — The Commission was required to sit at
Ottawa, and, accordingly, met on the 18th of
August, and settled the manner ,, ., ,, ,. ,

° ' Hon. Mr. Himtinntmi

of proceeding, the examination bei-'ieVhe'''''''''''

of witnesses being commenced •"'"""""■' •

on the 4th of September, and continued until
the 80th of that month. Hon. Mr. Huntington
was summoned to appear before the Commis-
sion, but failed to do so. In a letter to the
Chairman of the Commission, Hon. Judge Day,
under date 2(Jth of August, he acknowledged
the receipt of a l(>tter I'rom the Commissioners,
dated 21.st of Aiigust, requesting him t > furnish

(loVKIf.VMKNT OF THE [".ARL 01' Dl'KFKFMX— TIIH IJOVAL COMMISSIOX.

.■('.Ml

a list ol' the witiies!sos ho dcsin'd to have
examined, but dt'clincd to do .so t)ii the groiiiids
that, the in([iiiry hiiviim- heeii instituted by
him in the House ol' Commons, it was a l)veaih

I of the privile^-es of that House for any otiier
tril)unfd to attempt to interfere with that
inquiry. In conclusion, he said. " I l)elieve
that the creation of the Commission involves a
breach of thai fundamental principle of the
Conslitiition which preserves to the t'ommons
the right and duty of initiating and controlling
inquiries into high i)olitical oflences; that it

I involves also a breach of that fundamental

' principle of justice which prevents the accused
from creating ihe lril)unal and controlliiiii' the

I procedure for their trial; and that it is a t'om-
mission without precedi'nt. unknown to the
Common Law, unsanctioned In' the Statute

! Law, providing, by an exercise of the Preroga-

[ tive, for an inquiry out of the ordinary course
of justice into misdemeanor cogiu/able by the
Courts, and, con,sequently, illegal and void.

! Entertaining these views, you will not expct

: me to act otherwise tlian in conformity with
them, and you will be satislied that by my n(m-
appearance before the Commission I intend no
disrespect to the Commission, hut am mo\-ed
by the same sense of public duty whi<h will
constrain me, at the earliest practicable moment,

I to renew the efforts which I have been making
since April last to bring to trial, before ■ the

. Commons of Canada, the men whom I have
impeached as public criminals."

3. — The " Prosecutor " thus declining to pro-
secute the Commissioners summoiu'd those wit-
nesses whose names lie had
handed to the Special Commit-
tee, and suih others as they were
requested by the Government to summon. Al-
together forty-three witnesses were summoned,
and thirty-six examined.* The seven who

* 'riuMvitiH-sse.^ cxiMiiiiu'iI uei-c : llmi. .1. .1. C. Ablmtt, Amlrcvv Allan,
Sir IIiikIl Allan. Ilun. .1. O. Ili'anbii'n, l.oiii.' licahlMcn, ll<in. .1. I,, lican-

i Iry, .1. li. licauilry, N. \V. lirilmnr, W. K. lilnmliarl- K. li. l!iir|n'o. lion.

I Vlc.v. C.iinpl.c.ll, linn. .1. C. ChniKiij'. linn. .M. II. Cochrane. C. .1. Coiirsol,

] I''. W. CiMnlii'rlanil,.l,-iini's Dakcrs, K. I,. hi'llclli'Ci'nilU'.Siinlonl I'lcniinn,
K.N. Il.'ill. .Liscpli Ilanx'l, Sir V. lliM<'k>, \ ietor lluclnn. Hon. II. h.
Liiniii'vin.C. A. l.i'lllanc.Sir.lolin A. .Ma.-.ioniil.l, II. m. 1>. I,. Jlacplier-

1 son, I'. C. Jlartin, U. Mcliuitv, Ktv. 1). Mu.Mulleii, llaniel (i. Alc.Mullen,

The Conuni.-..iinn
proc.u')l.< \vi!li :^nc-h
witinj.<.st's a..* it
can nut.

were summoned and did not ai)pear were Hon.
L. S. lluntin<.t(m,G.W.McMullen,C. M.Smith,
Hon. A. 15. Foster, Hon. Thomas "McClreevy,
John A. Perkins, tind (reorue Norris, jr. A
si)ecial messenger was sent to summon Mr. Mc-
Mullen, but that gentleman preferred making
pv /larte statements to uiving evidence under
oath, and did not api-car l)i'fore the Commission,
ll will thus be .seen that the ptirty making the
charii'e iigtiinst the tioveriunenl (Hon. Mr. Hun-
tington) and the person on wliose statements he
was suppo.sed to have acted (Mr. McMullen)
gracefully avoided the test of an oath, and left
the Commis.sion to uct at the truth of the mat-
ter, if they coidd. without any help from them.
This aave the iiivestiuation a very "one-sided"
appearance, as the Ministers were put on their
defence without any prosecutor appearing, and
the public scarcely ])laced that coniidence in its
labors which mii;-ht have])ceii expei ted had tlie
party making' the charges aj)peared to substan-
tiate them; still the Commission performed its
labors very fairly, and the in\ estiuiition was
alxmt as thorough as could be expected under
the circumstances in which it was placed i)y I Ion.
Mr. Huntington's refusal to appear. \Ve do not 1
propose to enter at length upon the evidence — j
a lii'cat deal of which was of little or no impor- [
tance ; but will conline ourselves to a brief '
synopsis of that portion of it which l)ore most
directly on the points charged by Hon. Mr.
Huntington that the Government hiid made a i
corrupt bargain with Sir Hixi>h .Mhin to give [
him the contract in consideration of his stiend-
ing large .siims of money for eh'clion i)urposes.
4. — Sir Francis Hincks denietl most i)ositively
that any sum of money had been mentioned by
him in conversation with any- ..„. i,.MKi.< iii,.ci<..'
one, as what he should exi)ect to '''"i'"''-
get out of the contract, or that any such convm--
sation had ever taken place, Jle had never
heard or known of any arraiiuemeiit having
been entered into l)etween Sir Hugh Allan
and the Government for furnishing money for
election purposes, and did not know at the time

Hon. I'otcr .Mitchell, I'. S. .Murjihy, linn. (i. iHiiinul. .laek.«on Hac, Hon.
Henry Stanicif, TIiuiuuk While, jr.

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400

TITTI.KS IllS'lOJiV OK Till'; DOMINION Ol' CANADA.

o)' the t'loctioii thill moiicy wsi.s hoiiiu' ruiiiislicd
by Sir llunh. ilo I'liicied at leiii^tli into the
oaily history ol' the lormatioii of a. C'oiupany to
build the road, and said that hi- knt'W — and
othor nirmbors ol' (ho (lovi'mnifni must lia\ o
known — Ironi the I'act ol' Sir lluiih Allan
coniiiii;' to Otlnwa u itli Mr. McMallen and
other Anu^ricans, thai he was nciiotiatinu' with
Anit'rii'an tai>ilalists. but hf did not know, nor
did any other incndxM' ol' the Govornniont know,
ol' the aiirccuicnl niado bftwci-'n Sir Ihmhaiid
these ir(>ntlemen. lie was positive that it was
not until some time alter tlie elections tiiat the
Government decided to i^rant a t'liarter to a
new C'onii>any ; the stronizest ellbrts of the
Government had alwayss been used to ellect an
amalgamation of the Inter-Oceanic and Canada
Pacilic Companies, and it wa.s only after all
these ellorts h;id failed thai it was determined
that a new Charter sliould 1)0 ^ranted, aiul then
•I'reat care was taken thai each Province should
be rei)re.sented in the I'oard of Directors, aiul
the members of the Doard should only be
allowed ecjual (juantities of stock, and that
oiiiees were lo be opened in each Province for
the subf-'- • jition of stock, each Director beinii'
only .li.-.^J to retain a small portion for
hiuLsell

;■). — Sir .!ohi> A. Macdonald was examined on
the ITth of September, and his evidence was in

sul)stance as follows ; After the
'Mm.'.I"inim'- session of 1871, ^Ir. Waddini^'ton

and some American capitalists
had an interview with Sir Francis Hincksand
himself on the .subject of the Pacilic IJailway.
" We said, as a matter of ]-oliteness, that we
were lilad to see that American capitalists were
looking for investments in Canada, bnl that we
couldnot enter into any arrangements or receive
any piojiosit ions from anybody until after the next
Session." Mr. Smith and Mr. McMiJlen were
amongst those who called. He (Sir John) then
spoke to several Canadian capitalists of this
visit and said, that if Americans could make
the enterjtrise pay Canadians ought to be able
to, and that it would be a jiity if the enterprise
fell into the hands of foreiancrs. Sir Francis

llincks lu'xt saw Sii Hugh Allan, but without
any arrangement with his eolleaiiues. Neither
Sir John nor any of his collea<>ues knew that
these American gentlemen had any conih'ction
with the Northern Pacilic Railway. •' I thought
tliat the I mo plan would be to endeavor to get
up a sironii- Canadian. Company, in which would
be represented the capital of the dill'erent
sections of the Dominion, and after a body of
Canadian capitalists was .so formed, they might
extend to the United States, or to England, and
I thouglit that it would frustrate thiit i)olicy, to
have communieation in the first place with
Americans." Sir Hugh Allan and these
Ann'rican eapiialists next had an interview with
members of the Ministry, about Octo])er, 1871,
but being told that the Government was not
prepared to acce])t any proposition mad(^ did
not oiler any. He (Sir John) denied the
statement in Mr. McMuUen's letter which
was published on 18th July,) that he had met
McMullen at the St. Lawrence Hall in
Se[)tember and expressed the aiiproval of the
(ioviirnment at the proposed arrangement with
Sir Hugh Allan: he saw Mr. McMullen, but
neither ai)proved nor disapproved of the
l>roposed at tion, as the Government was not in
a position to entertain any propo.sit ion until
after obtaining the sanction of Parliament. The
arrangement made between Allan and the
Anu'rican capitalists roused a feeling of fear i
in Ontario, especially in Toronto, that
the roatl would get into American and
Montreal hands, and the interests of Ontario be
sacriliced. This led to the formation of th(!
Inter-Oceanic Comi)any. II" (Sir John) par-
ticipated iji the i'ear, whiih was becoming very
great in Canada, that these American capitalists
were seeking control of the Canada Pacific to
make it subservient to the interests of the
Northern Pacilic. and the whole Cabinet was
of the opinion that American capital must be
excluded. He then referred to the legislation
of 1872. the incorporation of the Inter-Oceanic ^
— w hich was regarded as the Ontario Com-
pany, — and the Canada Pacilic — which was
regarded as the Quebec C\)mpany, — and the

1, but without
•:i\vs. Neither
les knew that
uy coiiuectiou
y. ■' I thought
uleavoi' to get
I whirh would
the clitlereut
ter a Ixidy of \
d, they might :.
Eughiiul, and
:hat policy, to
t place with
I and these
itorview with
)ctober, 1871,
lent was not
ju made, did

denied the
letter which

he had met
ICO Hall in
)ioval of the
gement with
c^Iullen, but
ved oi" the
it was not in
osition until
liament. The
an and the
I'ling of fear
ironto, that
lerican and
)f Ontario be :
ation of the '

John) par-
coming very
m capitalists
la Pacific to
rests of the
^'abinet was
ital must be
> legislation
itcr-Oceanic
utario Com-
■ which was
f, — and the

■ in.

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J i^Pfc.

A-

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IhtSAVEO EXPRESSlVFOR BUTTLES HI5T0RV OF TKE OO.ViNiON

THE SUR./i'O CES8AR4'5 liTwO COMs

i. ^^'

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'0. 'Il;

(iOVKKV.MKNT ol' TIIK KAUL oK KIKKKKIN Till', liOVAL COMMISSION

101

piissiigi' of the (rovornmciit Act, aixihoiiziiig
the tontiutt to he uiveii to eiilicr Coiiipaiiy, or
to l)Olh iiuiiil^iunatecl, or lo a new ("oinpauy,
and continued, 'The policy of the GoveruJiient,
from the time of prorouatiou until now. I may
say, has never varied, it was that an amalga-
mation oi' the^se two Companies should he
proeured il possible." It was felt that to <?ive
the Charter to either section would he to
alienate the other, and that the Crovernment
would bo defeated in either Ontario or Quebec,
as tlu^ ease may be, and, therefore, every eilbrl
was made to bring about an amalgamation.
He (Sir John) urged Senator Macpherson
and his other Toronto friends to amalgamate,
and brought about a meeting between Mr.
Macpherson and Mr. Abbott ibr that purpose.
An amalgamation was very nearly made ; the
two |)oints of dill'erenie were the Presidency and
the number of Directors ; the Crovernment had
suggested thirteen, live from Ontario, four from
Quebec, and on(> each from the other Provinces,
but the Canada Paciiic wanted seventeen
members. On the question of the Presidency,
Mr. Macpherson did not want it himself, but
would not consent to Sir Hugh Allan having
it, fearing that with his wealth and inlluence
he would, in some way, admit the American
capitalists w^ith whom he had been connected.
Sir John's impression was that amalgamation
would take place, and with that idea he w^ent to
Kingston to look after his own election. While
in Kingston he again saw Mr. Macpherson, and
became convinced that it was no use attempting
to conclude the amalgamation before the
elections, and, therefore, sent the telegram,
dated 2Gth July, 1872, to Sir George E. Cartier,
which is included in Sir Hugh Allan's aihdavit
(see foot note page 3S8). He exjilained the
phrase, "This should be accepted by Allan," —
with reference to his promise that the Govern-
ment would use its influence in the amalga-
mated Company to secure Sir Hugh the
Presidency — to mean that he had heard that
Sir George was losing favor with his Lower
Canada friends on accoixnt of his supposed
opposition to Sir Hugh Allan and the Quebec

Railway schemes he was engaged in : and
he (Sir John) thouuhl that the roncession
of this point wouhl help Sir George in the
Quebec elections. When he parted with Sir
George at Ottawa, the latter udinu' to Montreal,
and Sir John to Toronto, it was agreed that
both should endeavor to raise funds amongst
their friends to help in the ( )ntario elections,
where it was experted that the contest
would be keenest on account of the inllueiit e
of the Ontario (lovernnn'nt beinu' limuuht
to bear against Ministerial candidates, and
the names of Sir Hugh Allan, Mr. Abbott,
and otlusrs in M(jnireal were given Sir George
as those of parties likely to sub.scribe. On or
about the JJOth ol July, he received a letter from
Sir Hugh Allan saying that he had entered into
an agreement with Sir George E. Cartier.*
This agreement was not satisfactory to him, and
he telegraphed to that ell'ect to Sir Georue,
and on the Slst July received telegrams IVora
both Sir George K. Cartier and Sir Hugh Allan,
.stating that the agreement with Sir George was
withdrawn, and Sir Hugh Allan was content
with the telegram of 26th July.f " That was
the only arrangement that was ever made
between the Government and Sir Hugh Allan,
or the Canada Pacili<' Railway Company,
which he represented, aiul I had no discussion
or conversation in a contrary sense, either from
Sir Hugh Allan or any member ol his Company,
or from Sir George Cartier, from that time until
this." That arrangement was that the whole
matter should remain in abeyan(;e until after
the elections, and then Sir Hugh Allan and Mr.
Macpherson should meet and try to amalgamate
their Companies. "With reference to the state-
ment by Mr. McMullen that there had been

* Set' Sir (icorvc K. CarlitT'.< loiter of ^itli ul' .July to Sir lliiuli .Alliin.
in Sir lliigli Allan's alliiliivit, page 'W.

Mo.vniK VI., .'tl.<t cif .Inly, ISTJ.

t Til Sill .InllN A. .\I.VCIl(i\AI,ll :

nave .-^ecn Sir HukIi, lie witlnlrii\v.>f letter written ynii sinee you uiuke
uli.ieetion to it. and relie.s for biisi.i of Hrranitciueiit on your telenrain to me
of wliieli I gave him eopy.

.Matier." go on well here. Hope they arc ."ame with you. liun't think
it i.-^ neee.«.sary for you to conic down here Saturday. 1 want to be out of
town on Sunday, but will remain hero if you .«pocially desiro to ."ee nio.
Answer.

(Signed), (1. E. CARTIER.

■I'l

i 1 "

hHh 1

mi ' Hi

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' Im ' wH

1 ''fl '

w ' HI

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402

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOMIXIOX OF CANADA.

another agroemout inaclo on the 6th ol' Aiij^iist,
\ he never hoard of any such agreement, and did
I not believe Sir CJeoiae ('artier would have made
any at-reemeiit without conisulting him. "Sir
George was a man ol' the highest honor, and
between liim and myself there were no political
secrets, ar.d if ho had made any arrangement of
that kind respecting th(> railway, he certainly
would have communicated it to me." He then
explained that alter the elections, efforts were
renewed with a view to amalgamating the two
Companies, and he went to Toronto himsell'
for that pur])ose, and it was only after every
effort in that direction had failed that the
Government addressed itself to the formation of
a new Comjiauy. He explained that the sole
object of the Government was to got a Board of
Directors who ])y their wealth, standing or ex-
jierience in railway matters would command
the confidence of the country, and gave the rea-
sons for selecting the gentlemen to whom the
Charter was subsequently given. In framing
the Charter he said :" Every precaution that we
could think of or that was suggested to us to
prevent the Americans getting in either directly
Ol indirectly so as to have control of the Com-
pany, was adopted." With regard to election
funds, he stated that when in Kingston he got
a letter from Sir Hugh Allan stating that lu'
would contribute S2r),000 to the election fund, to
" helj) the friends of the Administration." He
(Sir John) considered himself trustee of that
fund, and did not use any of it for his own elec-
tion. He then went to Toronto and engaged in
the election contest there, getting pecuniary a.s-
sisttrice where he could. He said, with refer-
ence to these subscriptions; "In Canada we
have not the same organization that they
have in England. We have neitlier a Reform
< ; . por a Carleton Club to manage elections,
<n'\ tlie leaders have to undertake that for
,1 ; ■ -.^nlves," and stated that he Ibund the
Opposition using so much money that he twice
asked Mr, Abbott — who was acting for Sir
Hugh Allan during the latter's absence in New-
foundland — for $10,000 more, making in all
$1.3,000, which was all he ever received, and

not " over $100,000," as stated by Mr. McMullen,
He had never asked Sir Hugh Allan for any
sul)scription when he received the $120,000, but
had no douitt Sir Creorge Cartier had. The two
sums of $10,000 each were given at his request.
With reference to Mr. McMuUen's statement
that Sir Hugh Alliin had .said that he had loaned
$4,000 to Sir John A. Macdonald and $4,.500 to
Sir Francis Hiucks " with very good knowledge
that it was never to be repaid," he said :
" With rcfer-nce to that sum of $4,000 to my-
self, that is a complete and utter falsehood. I
never received $4,000 from Sir Hugh Allan. I
never had aiiy money transactions with him
in my life. He never gave me any money or
never lent me any money in his life. It is
utterly talse, and I have reason to believe Sir
Hugh Allan never said so." With regard to
Mr. McMullen's statement that after Sir George
Cartier had made the agreement of (jth of August
Sir Hua'h \llan beiian lo pay out money, but
became alarmed when $150,000 to $200,000 had
been paid, and refused to pay more v\nle.ss the
whole Government would sanction the bargain,
and that Sir Georue telegraphed to Ottawa and
received in reply a telegram from Sir John A.
Macdonald conlirming his action, he (Sir John)
declared it : " Altogether untrue. He received
no such telegram from me. He could not do
so, becausi' I never was in Ottawa during that
time. I was always in the West attending the
elections. From tlie time I left Ottawa at the
end of Jnne or the l)eginniiig of July, until the
elections were all over, I never was once in
Ottawa, and I never made such a communica-
tion. It is altogether a falsehood." He next
gave an account of two interviews — one on
31st December 1.S72, the other on 28rd January,
1873, whi. h :\lr. Mc]\l alien, ilr. Smith and Mr.
Ilurlburt had with him, in which they com-
plained of the manner in which they had been
treated by Sir Hugh Allan, and read jKirlions of
some papers in support of their statements. He
(Sir John^ told them that, if their statements
were correct, it appeared that Sir Hugh had
used them ])adly for he had promised what
the legislation of last session ought to have

.-i. '.fiiJBf

fiOVERXMKNT OF THE EAEL OF DUFFKRIX— THK PACIFIC SCANDAL.

403

shown him he rould not perl'orm, and he oiiaht
to return the money lulvanced lor the preliiai-
nary expenses of the Canada I'acilic Comjjany.
Their object seemed to ))(■ to know whether, by
any chanee, they could l)e admilti-d to an
interest in the Railway, and they were inrorni
that it was impossible. With regard to the
statement ol' Mr. M«Mullen that Sir Hugh
Allan, thinking that the Government intended
to play him false after the election, prepared a
statement with copies of telegrams, orders for
money, &c., and threatened publication if the
G-overnment did not keep faith with him, and
that the Govi'rnment yielded to the threat. Sir
John said : " 1 can only say that I never heard
of such a statement ; never saw it ; no .such
threat was ever made, and no communication
of the kind was ever made. It is a falsehood
complete and entire, without one semblan<'e of
truth." "With regard to the sealed packet in
Hon. Mr. Starnes' hands, he declared that he
knew nothing of it until Mr. Huntington asked
in the House of Commons to have it imiiounded.
He had no knowledge of any agreement made
by Sir George E. Cartier on the iith or (!th of
August, and did not believe any such agree-
ment was ever made. After answering several
questions with reference to the eil'orts at amal-
gamation of the two Companies, and ihe
granting of the Koyal Charter, he said in answer
to a (question whether he had any special reason
in mentioning Sir Hugh Allan as likely to
subscribe to the election fund, certainly he had;
Sir Hugh Allan was v(>ry largely interested
in ilways, and it was to his interest to get a
Railway Parliament retiirned, as if the Opposi-
tion got a majority they might ups(>t tht> policy
of the last Parliament and spoil all their plans.
The letter from Sir Hugh oll'ering to subscribe
$2.3,000 for election purposes contained no
terms or stipulations whatever. It was the only
letter received on the subject. The §25,000 was
received early in August, before the 24th. With
reference to Sir George E. Cartier's allusions in
his letter of 24th of August, to the conditions
of his letter of 80th July to Sir Hugh Allan, Sir
John stated that he had not seen that letter

until after it was alluded to in the papers,* ho
then saw it in j)ossession of Sir Huyh Allan,
who he supposed had it and v, ould produce it
before the Committee. Being shown copies of
the telegrams and draft for $10,000 given at end
of Mr. McMullen's statement, he said he had no
doubt they were correct copies'; he had drawn
for $10,000. Mr. McMullen had said in answer
to a question put by a reporter of the Chicago
Times whether he could prove that Sir John A.
^lacdoiuild was aware of the bargain ])i'tween
Sir Hugh Allan and Sir George E. Cartier : •' I
can. and will even show his telegrams, one
admonishing Allan to shell out, because he had
a big thing; another telegram declaring in the
most positive manner that he endorsed the
arrangement made by Sir Hugh with Cartier,
and would hold himself bound by it. He con-
firmed the bargain unreservedly." Reporter
asks can you jirove that :* Mr. McMullen an-
swers : " I will put witnesses on the stand who
saw the telegram, one of them a very promi-
nent man and a friend of Cartier's. I will
name the man who wrote the second of thi'se
transactions." In answer to this Sir John
said : " I can only say that I never sent such a
telegram. It is quite an untruth. I nev(>r sent
any telegram to Sir Hugh Allan, saying that I
endorsed any arrangement made by Sir George
Cartier and Sir Huiih Allan. I cannot under-
stand how the idea that I sent such a note or
telegram got abroad, or how Mr. McMulleu
corild have got the idea that I sent any such
telegram to Sir Hugh, callinu' on him to shell
out, for he had got a big thing. ' He did not
know what passed between Sir Hugh and Sir
George on the subject of this subscription; Sir
George wrote him no letters; what little com-
munication there was, was by telegraph. He
(Sir John) declared distinctly that there was no
understanding that Sir Hugh Allan was to
receive any exceptional advantages from Ihe

• TIuTO were two lottors from .Sir (icorge (•'. Cartier I" .'^ir Iln^'h
Allnii iliiteil .'!nth .Inly. ISTlJ.ime iilrciiil.v (fivcii in Sir MukIi's nDidiivit,
piiKO -WS, and tlii> ottipr will lio IoiiikI in his cviileiice hcliiro iho Cninini.'-
si'ni, page 40.'i, For s(inn' (iino it wa.« fnpiKiscd that tlicrt* had hern a
pnstsi'riipt to the pnhlished letter of llOth .luly whieh had heen erai^ed. Imt
it wa.i discovercil that there were two letter.".

,ti , \'

'1 •!

It:

„jiJii^'

ILiliLt

ilbii

mm I

■in4

Tl'TTLH'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OP CANADA.

Govornint'iit, in consideration ol' any sub-
scriptions ho iniulit mako. Ho oontiniied : '' I
havo no doubt Sir Hugh Allan eavo theso sub-
scriptions I'or the ono objoct oi" sustaining tho
Govornniont and Ihoir Railway policy in oon-
nei'tion with tho Pacific Railway, he boini>-
assured that that policy would bo sustained with
tho inlluonce and powor of tho Govornmont if it
remained a (government."

<1. — Hon. H. L. Langovin was examined on
the ] Sth of September, and gave, in substance,
jio„ ji. 1, the following ovidonco ; He

i,angcvii,;evi.i ,„•<.. i,,,^,^^ nothing about any agree-
ment between Sir Hugh Allan and American
capitalists until he saw it in the newspapers.
The mem])ers of the Govornmont, with the ex-
ception of Sir Francis Hincks, had boon unani-
mous in their opinion that American capital
should be excluded, and Sir Francis had yielded
when he found all the others against ' im. Ho
denied in most unqualified terms tho charge
that tho Government, or any members of it, had
made any contract with Sir Hugh Allan, or any
one else, with regard to the Pacific Eaihvay in
consideration ol' furnishing funds for election
purposes. AVith regard to Mr. McMullen's
statement that Mr. A})bott had reported that ho
had promised him (Mr. La'igovin) $25,000 lor
his good will in tho matter of the railway, he
said ; '• I may say first, that Mr. Abbott never
told me that he was authorized to promise me
$2'). 000, or any other sum. Mr. Abbott never
promised or oll'erod me anything. Ho never
spoke to mo of anything of the kind, and there-
fore, in so far as I am concerned, that charge is
false." With regard to money for election jiur-
poses, he stated that during tho Session of 1872
he had a conversation with Sir George E. Cartier
about election expi'iises. and it was agreed that
Sir George should furnish him with a portion
of the money he collected in Montreal to assist
in the elections in Eastern Quebec. In conse-
quence of this conversation ho received $15,000
from Sir Hugh Allan, which he said he had
been requested by Sir George Cartier to remit
to him (Mr. Langovin) for election expenses.
Subsequently he received a note from Sir Hugh

stating that on giving Mr. Abbott a receipt he
would roceive .§10,000 more. He saw Mr. Ab-
bott and declined giving a receipt, stating that
if tho money was not a Iroe sift he would not
receive it, and would return the $15,000. The
$10,000 was afterwards paid without any condi-
tions, and ho also received $7,500 or $7,000. the
balance of election expenses, from Sir treorge
]']. Cartier. through Sir Hugh Allan. None of
this money was used in his own election. His
statements with regard to the determination of
the Council with reference to excluding Amer-
icans, to the steps taken to amalgamate the two
Companies, and to tho formation of tho new
Company, wore substantially the same as those
of Sir .Tohn A. Macdonald, except that he was
not personally so intimately connected with the
transactions. He had no knowledge of any
letter from Sir (roorgo E. Cartier to Sir Hugh
Allan under date 30th July. 1872, except the
one published.

7. Sir Hugh Allan was examined on the
10th. Ho road a statement giving an account
of his connection with the Pacific g;^ n^,,,, ^\,|,,„.^
Railway, which was mostly simi- '^"'i'^^"'-
lar to the alfidavit already given (foot-note, page
386), adding some particulars as to what the
original scheme for building the road was. and
fyling copies of his agreements with .!;■ / Cooke &
Co., and other American capitalists.* There
was nothing in the agreement, nor was it ever

* W'o iimkc till) riilluwiiiK e.vlriii't fnim lii'^ oviilfnoc. to fli"W how it
was iiitetnU-il to tiuiM thu I'oinl :—

On iDokiitp: lit the <k'eil uf ll^'ro^'nu'tlt. it will ho r^ceii thiit it wns stipii-
laleil tbut the roiiil .-IkiuIiI lie liuilt li.v the rniitc iiikI on llii- terms iiro-
sorilicil in tile Aot to lie pmsh'iI re.-'peilint-' it, iinil il \Vii.s Icirther uniler-
stooil thill in iiiMilion to the route nonli of I.iike Superior ii litMueh was
to lie eon.<lrnete<l from Lake Nniissini.' to Saull Sle. .Marie, with a hranch
to (leoruiiiti liay, ne;ir tlie iioiutli of I'reiieli Itiver. At Sault Ste. Mario,
llie river was lo be hridi-'eil an,l tlie line earrieil along tho south phore
of Liikc Superior to Uuluth. where it houM join the Xiu'lh I'acilie,
from whieh line iinothcr liraiieh would lead lo Kort (larry.

I'mni Fori Harry westward to the I'.ieilie, it was intended tlie road
should proeecil on the route aftcrwar<ls iletermined hy the survey?, and
it was roKartled as a pnssibilily th.-il the Xortherii Paeilie. when it got a,s
far west as tile .Missouri Hiver, mii-'ht he defeeted to as to join the Oana-
diaii Paeifie. got tho advantage of our easier pass through the inotinlaius,
and run on its traek to siune point west <d' tho mountains, whoi-o (hey
wouhl again separate ; the Xortherii Paeifie passing south to New West-
minster, and the Canadian Paeilie seeking the shiu'o of tho I'aeitlc Ocean
at siicli point as determined hy tho surveys.

I frt\"ored this selieme hceaiise it not only ga\eliis siieh a Paeilie Rail-
road as we might desire, hut also Ihe advantage oi a direel eoiineelion
with llie States of .\orlherii Aliehigan, Wiseon.-in, Minnesola and
llakolah,tbe Iniflie and proiliiee of whieh would natiiriilly Hud its way
lo and from the seahoanl, Ihnuigb (.'anada, a.<i boing miieh the shortest,

roci'ipl he
V Mr. Ab-
(iitiug that
would not
,000. The
any condi-
iT.flOO. the
nv (reorge
None ol'
tion. His
;inatiou of
ing Amer-
ti' the two

the new
e as those
t he was
d with the
e of any

Sir Hugh
xoept the

d on the
n account

I'-'li Alliin"s
t-e.

note, page
what the
. was. and
f Cooke &
*■ There
as it ever

I sli"w liow it

t it was stipii-
lie fcrms pro-
fiiitlicr uiiiliT-
:• II l)l-iilic;ll was
Willi li liniiicli
111! S^tf. Mario,

lie r^lilltll fllliri'

Xiirlli I'Mcifus

ided tlio mad
3 surveys, and
ivlien it got an
j"iii the Cana-
lie mi.'iinlMiii^,
s, wlioro tlie.v
tci New WoKt-
I'aoitlc Ocean

1 racillc Itail-
ct cniiijection
inricsifta and
r find it," n-ny
tile shortest,

(JOVHRX.MENT OV THE EAIIL OP^ DUFFERIN— THE FACIFIC SCANDAL,

405

intended to retard tlie building of the road in
any way. The Americans were to pay
preliminary expenses and advanced $40,000
currency for that purpose, which he afterwards
returned when he broke off conneition with
them. He narrated the circumstances relating
to Sir John A. Macdonald s telegram of 26th of
July, the agreement signed by 8ir Oi^oru'e l'].
Cartier under date .30th July, and its subsetjuent
witlulrawal on Sir John A. Macdonald refusing
to agree to it, substantially as already given in
his affidavit, and in Sir John A. Macdonald's
evidence, and declared that these were the only
agreements ever entered into with the Govern-
ment. On the 81st July — the day the agreement
of the 30th was cancelled on account of Sir
John A. MacdonakTs objections — he called on
Sir Greorge E. Cartier, and when about leaving
Sir George asked him. " Are you not going to
assist in our elections," or words to that effect.
He replied that he would subscribe, as he had
done on former occasions, and asked how much
was wanted. Sir George thought, possibly,
$100,000. He (Sir Hugh) desired the success of
the Government on account of his approval of
its railway and canal poliiy which he considered
advantageous to his business, and he asked Sir
George to state in writing what he wanted-
This Sir George did, and gave him the following
letter at a subsequent visit in the afternoon :
Private and Con/idential.

MoNTRE.\L, 30 July, 1872.

Deak Sir Hut hi, — The friends of the Govern-
ment will expect to be assisted with funds in
the pending elections ; and any amount which
yoi\, or your Company shall advance for that
purpose, shall be recouped to you.

A memorandum of immediate requirements

is below.

Very truly yours,

(Signed) GEO, E, CARTIER,

Sir Hugh At,lan,

and,coni'Oi|iiontly, the cheapest riiutc, oven I'nr the tratlic nf New Vnrk
and Hnston.

Tlius, in place nf, as has been allepreil, 'sacrifiritKr the interests of
Canada to the I'nited Slates, these plans, if carried ont. would have been
a (rrealcr benefit to f'linada ihan any other scheme of coinnmniealion
that could he desired, aud would hiivc (riven a double eoininunieation
with Fort (larry.

NOW WANTED,

Sir John A. Macdonald $25,000

Hon, Mr. Langevin 15,000

SirG. E. C....^ 20,000

Sir J. A. (add'l) 10,000

Hon. Mr. Langevin (add"l) 10,00(1

SirG. E. C 30,000

At the time the letter was written only the
first three amounts ($(50,000) were put down,
the other three were added by Sir Georue
Cartier afterwards. With reference to the
promise in that letter that the money should
be rei)aid. Sir Hiigh said : " I did not see
well from what source this money could be
repaid, but Sir George held out some hope that
his political friends would contribute to make
it up, lieyond this there was nothing that
I can recall as to the manner of repayment.
On leaving Sir George I said to Mr. Abbott that
I saw no possibility of my ever being repaid
these contributions. Neither then nor on any
other occasion had I any correspondence with
Sir Creorge, as to th(> repayment of these sums."
The total amounts paid were Sir George E. Car-
tier's Committee, $H5,000; Sir John A, Mac-
donald for Ontario elections, $45,000 ; Hon, H.
L, Langevin for Quebec elections, $;>2,(jOO,
making a total of $102,600 ; besides this he paid
$16,000 or $17,000 to assist .some friends of bvs
own, and these sums, with the amounts paid lor
preliminary expen.ses on the Pacific and other
railroads connected with the enteri>rise, made
his total advances about $350. 000. With regard
to the construction sought to be put on these
transactions by Mr. McMullen's letters, he said :
"That with regard to the construction wliich
appears to be intended to be placed upon the
statements in tht? letter referred to as to the
preliminary expenses connected with the Char-
ter, I state most po.sitively and explicitly that I
never made any agreement or came to any un-
derstanding of any kind tn- description with I he
Government, or any of its members, as to the
payment of any sum of money to any one, or
in any way whatever, in consideration of re-
ceiving the contract for the Canadian Pacific. I
declare that I did expend considerable sums of

ill

' : **

It*'-*"'"'"

40(5

TUTTLKS iriSTOi?V OF 'rilK DOMIXIOX OF CAXADA.

moiioy in variou.s ways which appciivod lo mo
to 1)1' advantiii^'Oims to thf ("ompany 1 liad or-
Sfanizcd, and calculated to strenjithon my hands
in cndcavoriiiii' to obtain the contract i'or that
Conii)any, Imt that I did not on any occasion or
in any way i)ay or ag'r"c to pay anything- what-
ever to any nicmbor ol the Government, or to
any one on hchall', or at the instance of the
Government, lor any consideration whatever, in
connection with tire Charter or contract. * *
# * * And 1 state iurther, positively, that
no money derived from any iund, or from any
of my former American associates, was exjjended
in assisting- my friends, or the friends of the
Government, at the recent general elections."
He maintained that hissnbseriiitions to the elec-
tion iund had nothing to do with getting- the
Pacilic contract, as charged by Mr. Huntington,
as at that time. July 30th. notlunu- wa.s settled;
and when the Charter was granted it was given
to a new Company, of which he -"vas a Director,
but in which thi-re were some Directors un-
known to him and others opposed to him. With
reference to tlie parties mentioned in his letter
t)f listli l-'ebruary, 187:i, to Mr. Smith, mention-
ing that $850,000 of stock would have to be dis-
tributed (see foot-note, page 8S.5), he explained
that lie had not obtained the consent of the
gentlemen named to take the stock, and that it
was never meant that they should have it with-
out paying for it. With reference to Mr. ^Ic-
Mulleu's statement aboirt the $S,500 advanced
to Sir John A Maedonald and Sir Francis
Hincks, he said that no such transactions took
place, and he had no recollection of any con-
versation of the sort with Mr. McMullim. AVith
regard to the statement that Sir Fraricis Hincks
had told him he would expect I.IO.OOO in cash,
he said that no such conversation evt>r took
place ; and that he never spoke to Sir Francis
Hincks in his life about money, in this con-
nection. He denied that he had ever paid AG.OOO
to Hon. Mr. Ouimet, as charged by Mr. Mc-
MuUen, and as to newspapers the only transac-
tion he remembered was discounting- a note for
$4,000 for one of the proprietors of the Minerve.
With regard to the alleged indefinite loan of

slO.OOO to Sir Francis Hincks, he said he had
never loaned him any numey ; and of the au-
thorized promise of s2o,000 t > lion. Mr. Lange-
vin. that he had never heard of it until he saw
it in the newspapers. With regard to the state-
ment that after he had paid between $ir)O,000
and $1^00.000 he had refusi'd to advance any
more unh'ss the whole Government agreed to
the bargain and that Sir John A. Maedonald had
telegraphed liis consent, he said he was absent
from the Province the whole time and therefore
that was iuipossible, that no money was paid
without his knowledge and consent, and,
therefore, he never could have made such a
statement. In reply to questions, he stated that
Sir h'rancis Hincks was the only member of
the Cabinet who had ever favored tht> idea of
employing American capital; and that when
the people of Ontario began to cry out about it,
the whole Cabinet then opposed it. In answer
to the question, what was meant by the words,
" the same conditions," and "the same terms,"
in Sir George E. Cartier's letter of 24th August
(Given in postscript to Mr. McMuUen's nar-
rative), he said : '• It was dilhcnlt to say
what Sir George meant by those words. He
was not a man with whom you could talk very
much, because in all the interviews with him
he generally did most of the talking himself,
and you could with dilHculty say anything. I
never understood exactly what he meant on
any of these points. I was ciuite satisfied that
he probably felt that he did not like to be
under sirch very heavy obligations, and would
endeavor at some future time to make it up by
sul)scription or otherwise. I did not think that
he had any very definite idea, and I did not
think it would be done." He declared that he
had no understanding with Sir George, or any
other member of the GovernmiMit, or dm-ived
from any other source, that he was to derive
any advantage from the Government in con-
sideration of his advances, and had not received
any. He had never snbscrilx'd so largely to an
election fund before, but exi)lained that he did
so from a desire to assist the j)arty which he
believed it would be most advantageous to the

(iOVEIJN.MKNT OF THE KARL OF DrKFHUIN— THE PACIFIC SUA XI )A 1-

•J(t7

llon.J. .I.r. AblM.tt
u\ ideiioo.

many t'litcrpviscis he was intercslocl in, to have
remain in power. In reply to nuraerons
questions, he maintained that there was never
any other agreement than the first letter ol'
30th July, sifi'iiecl liy Sir Ueorge E. C'artier,
which was subsequently withdrawn, and that
that was what he referred to in his letter to
General Cass and Mr. McMullen. He denied
that there was any (ruth in Mr. McMullen "s
statenu'ut thiit he had prepared any copies ol'
telegrams, etc, and threatened to publish them.
and that then the Government came to terms;
or that he had ever received any telegram from
Sir John A. Maedonald approving' of Sir George
E. (.'artier's ag'ieenieiit, the only telegram he
saw was disapproving of it.

8. — The Hon. J. J. C. Al)1)ott was examined
on the lltth of September, and gave an account
of his connecticm with the rail-
way project from its inee])tion,
bearing out in g<'neral terms the statement of
Sir Hugh Allan. His account of the interview
with Sir George E. Cartier when the advance of
money was spoken of, was substantially the
samt^ as Sir Hugh's, except, that he thought Sir
Gi'orge added : " You know you wont lose it all.
Our party will make up the greater part of what
you give, but we want it now." His evidence
with reuard to the efforts towards anuilgannition,
the exclusion of Anu-rican capital and the for-
mation of a new Company, corroboratt'd that of
Sir John A. Macdonald aiul Sir Hugh Allan.
He had no knowledge until quite recently of
the telegram of 31st July, from Sir John A.
Macdonald disapproving of Sir George E.
Cartier's agreement of 30th July, and had
thought at the time that Sir John approved ol'
the agreement. With regard to the $8,r)00 and the
$50,000 for Sir Francis Ilincks he knew nothing
about them excejil what had appeai'ed in the
newspajiers. With rt'gard to the $25,000 for
Mr. Langevin, he said that he had never been
"authorized to promisi> Mr. Langevin $2"), 000
to aid iu the elections about Quebec, on condi-
tion of his friendly assistance," as stated by
Mr. McMullen. He had had some conversa-
tion with Mr. Langevin during the Session

about Que))ec elections, and had promised that
if an election fund was raised in Montreal
he would endeavor to have a jiart of it ap-
propriated to Quebec, as he did not think
it fair, he (Mr. Langevin) should have to bear
all the expen,se alone; but nothing at all was
said aboiit the liaihvay, and indei-d, he always
supposed that Mr. Langevin, as an ardent Lower
Canadian, was in favor of the road which it
was supposed would be most advantageous to
that Province. He did mention to Sir Hugh
Allan, that if an election fiuid was got up Mr.
Langevin ought to have $25,000 out of it. but
did not mention it to Mr. McMullen. Witness
here stated that nearly if not all the papers
published about the Facilic railway had been
obtained by illegal if not criminal means, and
especially the telegrams, letters and receipis
publi.shed at the end of Mr. McMulleii's
•• Narrative,'' which must either have been stolen
from his private drawer, or from where Sir Hugh
Allan jdaced them after they were given into
his kee]nng. All the money payments with
which he had anythina' to do, were $10,000 to
Mr. Lanii'evin, $20,000 to the Central Committee,
aiul $10,000 to Sir John A. Macdonald, which
were paul by order of Sir Hugh Allan. With
regard to Mr. Langevin's $10,000, he corrobor-
ated that gentleman's statement, and said that
he finally paid the money on his own authority
withovit a receipt. He understood the expres-
sions ''on the same conditions," and '-on the
same terms," in Sir George Cartier's letter of
24th August, to refer to the letter of 30th
July, which said that the sums so advanced
should be recouped, fie was not present at
any other interview, nor did not know of any
communication between Sir Plugli Allan and
any members of the dovernmeiu in relation to
the .sul)scrii>tion of money for the t'lections. As
far a'< he knew, and he had reason to believe he
Avas in a ]K)sition to know as much as anyone,
tlie subscriptions to the elections hail no in-
ffuence whatever on the Charter. He never
heard them alluded to.

!». — The other ^linisters examined .supported
the testimony of Sir John A. Macdonald to the

l,\\

Ij ! 'll! ^ !

h' I'!

4()H

TUrTLK'S IlISTOHY OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

Till' (-'uiiHni.''.-iuiiei's
ri'pnri niihiHiI
t'.\)irr->iiiK iin

0))llli(IM.

Ihcts of their determination not
to allow the introduction of
American capital, to the ni'gotia-
tions lor amalganialion, and their rejnidiation
of the charii'e tlu't any corrupt bargain had
been made. The other evidence taken was
mostly of an unimportant natiire, and nothing
was adduced to materially sustaui the charges
of Mr. Iluutimiton. The Commissioners, under
the Commission issued to thi'ui, were instructed
to report "as well the said evidence as any
opinions which you may think ht to express
thereon : '" but they did not '' think lit " to
express any oi)inion, and merely reported the
evidence, with the various documents fyled.

CllAPTEK XXXIX.

COVFRNMRXT OF TllK KAIiL OF DrFF[>]I{IX

— l!KSl(iN.\TlOX OF TIIK MACDOXALl)

.MIXlSTIiV.

1. Meetixckif Paiu,iament. — 2. The attitude

OF THE Opi'iiSITION. — 3 The ,<iPEECH FROM
THE TH1!(JNE. — 4. TllE P. E. I. MEMliEKS. — ,').
PaPEKS liAII) ON THE TAJ!I-E. — (J. ])EI!A1'E ON
THE AdDKK.ss. Hon. Mk. MACKENZIE"^

Amendment. — 7. Speech of Hon Dr. Tup-
PEK. — 8. Speech of Hon. Mu. Huntington.
— !•. Hon. ]Mr. Macdonald's Amendment
to the Amendment. — 10. The effect of

FIVE DAY.S' DEliATE. — 11. SlU JoHN A. MaC-
DONALD'S defence. — 12. 1yESI([N.4.TION of

THE Ministry. Guii/rv, or not G-uiety ?

1. — Never before in the history of the Domin-
io)i, and seldom in that of the old Province of
Tiu.Me,.H„,«f Canada, had the assembling of
iur!„.,ne„t. Parliament attracted so much

attention as did the session which opened at
Ottawa on the twenty-third oi October, 1873.
The ten weeks which had elapsed since the
prorogation of the thirteenth of August had
be(>n busily used by the leaders of both parties
in marshalling their forces, and the result was
one of the largest — if not the largest — gathering

of members which had ever assembled in
Ottawa. It was felt that no more delays or
subterfuges would avail on either side ; the
country had been roused during the publication
of the evidence taken before the Royal Commis-
sion, as it had never been roused l)el'ore ; the
Commission had declined to express any
opinion on the evidence produced before it, and
left that duty to Parliament, and all eyes were
now turned towards the Capital, and the ver-
dict of guilty, or not guilty, w^as anxiously
awaited. 15oth sides were confic'ent of success ;
but the Oppositijn had most reason to be so, for
during the recess most of the members had had
an opportunity of meeting their constituents,
and the tone of public opinion w as so much
against the accused Ministci'S that many
members who generally voted with the Govern-
ment felt that they would no longer be repre-
senting the wishes of their constituents by
continuing that support they had given in the
past, unless the Clovernment could show a much
better defence than had been made before the
Royal Commission. Still it was. expected that
the Gov(anment would be able o escape the
vote of want of conlidence which it w^as certain
would be made, by a small majority; and, after
that ordeal was once, passed, they would, iin-
doubtedly, be able to recover the confidence of
some of their old supporters, and increase their
majority.

2. — On the other hand, the leaders of the Op-
position were confident, almost jubilant, and
left not a stone unturned not .|.|,„ „uitmio „i the
only to secure the presence and "''i"''^''""'-
fidelity of their regular followers, but to gain
new converts. In this latter effort they were
highly successful. In times of great political
excitement w^hen a change of Administration
is imminent, there are always to be found a few
disappointed or ambitious members of the party
in power whose " convictions " are susceptible
of sudden change as they find the party they
have previoiisly supported losing the reins of
power and their opponents gaining them. It
has ever been the fate of Ministers to havt! some
of their weak-kneed followers secede from them

GOVKRNMKNT OF HAKL DUFFKRIN— RESKINATION OF THE MACDONAM) MINISTRY. 40'.(

in thoir hour oladvortity — on the same princi-
ple that rats lU'sert a sinking ship ; and Sir
John A. Macdonald did not fir 4 himself an
exception to the general rnle. Several of his
ordinary supporters who were only " Kemon-
strants " on the thirteenth of Augnst, had de-
veloped into lull-pledged Oppositionists by the
twenty-third of October, and it was pretty
freely hinted that, in some instances at least,
promises of reward for party infidelity were not
wanting, and that those who had been unable
to obtain the rewards or advantements they
desired from the existing Ministry, were enter-
tained with very ilattering promises by those
who expected lo benefit by the downfall of that
Ministry. There may bo a difference in morality
between a candidate corrupting a constituency
in order to gain a seat in Parliament, and
that same candidate selling his vote for plane or
othce after his election, although we are inclined
to think the difference scarcely perceptible ; and
while we do not charge that the Opposition
corruptly purchased any of the A'otes which
ultimately placed them in power, still it is cer-
tain that several members who had uniformly
oi^posed them for years, and even up to the
thirteenth of August, suddenly became con-
verted from the error of their ways in support-
ing Sir J. A. Macdonuld's Administration, and
received i)laces of trust and emolument imme-
diately on the formation of the new Ministry.
Without charging these gentlemen with being
purchased — as the partizan press very freely
did — we are still forced to confess that circum-
stances certainly showed suspiciously against
them.

3. — The opening was unusually well attended,
both by members and spectators, the latter
;ri.c Speech i.„,,. .he ^eing attracted from all parts of
^'"'""'^^- the Dominion by the anticipated

struggle, and l)oth tl. j floor and gallery of the
Senate were crowded w'ith a large and lashion-
able as.semblago. His Excellency, in his Speech
from the Throne, stated that Parliament had
been callt^d together, in accordance with his
promise at prorogation, at the earliest possible
moment after the receipt of the report of the

41)

Royal Commis.sioners, and that "the report will
be laid before Parliament, and it will be for you
lo determiiu' whether it can be of any assist-
ance to you." It was announced that the
Canadian Pacific Railway Company, havinii'
been unable to make the financial arraimemeiits
they desired in England, had surrendered their
Charter, which had been accei)ted, and that a
measure for the pur[)ose of carrying out the
agreement with British Columbia, and building
the road, w^ould be submitted to Parliament.
An Election Law was promised, as weli as an
Act establishing a General Court of Appeal,
and Acts relating to navigable waters, to the
inspection laws, to in.solvency, and for the
establishmt'ut of a Dominion Board of Agricul-
ture. The Public Accounts were promised,
and the announcement made that, 'the pros-
perous condition of our finances continues,
and the revenue has l)een sufficient to meet all
charges upon it."

4. — On returning to the Commons Chamber
the first business transacted was the introduction
of new members, amongst whom .fi^^, ,, ,,, ,
were the six members from '"'■"''»'|'^-
Prince Edward Island who took their seats for
the first time, and were greeted with cheers
from the Ministerial side of the House as th(>y
were severally introduced by members of the
G-overnment.* Considerable importance was
attached to these six gentlemen as it was felt
that in the close condition in which the parties
were getting, numerially speaking, their voles
might almost decide the support or defeat of the
Government ; at the same time, although
elected to support the administration of Sir
John A. Macdonald and introduced to the House

• Tho niiiiic of the .-ix representative.-- iiml their intrDiiueers are as
fiilloH-s :

lion. David Ii.iinl ((Jueen's). intrnilticeil hy tlie lion. Sir .lohn A. .Mae-
ilonald.and .Mr. A. li. Palmer.

lion. .J- C. I'ope (I'rinee). inlrodueeil liy lion. ,1. II. I'npe.aiiJ Hon.
John Crawforil.

.lame." Yeo (I'rinee), introdneed by Hon. IIukU Macdonald. and Hon. .1.
IS. Uol)iri,son.

Hon Peter Sinclair (Queen's) introdnceil hy Hon. H. L Langevin anil
Hon. T. .\.(iil)bs.

A. 0. Macdonald (Kings), introdueed by Hon. Peter .Mitchell and Hon.
A. UoCosmos.

Hon. Daniel Davies (KingV), introduced by Hon. Dr. Tu|iper, and Hon.
•John Carlinir.

:. 'H^ ii

410

TUTTLE'S IlISroHV OK TIIK DOMIXION OF ("ANA DA.

I»l

IViIxT- lai>l Oh the
lal>li'.

by lucmbiTs of the Ministry, it was iindorstood
thiit on the subject ol' the I'arilic Scandal tbey
jjioposed to t'xi'ic'isc an indopt'iidcnl judument
and doeidi' on the eA'idente adduced more than I
from a mere party standpoint. Mr. Apjilehy,
newly elecled for C'arlcton, N. B., was al.so in-
troduied by the Hon. A. J. Smith and Mr.
Burpee (Sunl)ury) and took his seat with the
Opi)osition— to whose ranks the former of these
gentlemen was a recent acquisition.

o. — It had been ruifiored that the Opposition
did not intend to move a direct vote of want of

confidence in the Uoveriiment.

fearing that some of the Minis-
teralists vviio had signed the memorial of the ;
li5th of August, would scarcely support them
in so direct a vote, but rather to raise a sort of
side issue })y raising the question of privik^ge
that the Prorogation of the 18th of August was
a breach of the privileges of Parliament, a
motion on which they could depend on the
support of the Memorialists ; but if any such
action was intended it was rendered inoperitive
by the action of the I'remier in laying on the
table immediately messages from His Excellency
transmitting the papers with regard to the
disallowance of the Oaths Bill ; papers relating to
the prorogation of the 13th of August; papers
relating to the issue of the Koyal Commission ;
and a copy of a despatch from the Earl of Kim-
berley, under date 0th October, in which he
acknowledged receipt of the Governor-General's
despatches of the loth and 18th of August,
giving an account of the prorogation and the
issue of the Ivoyal Commission. His Lordship's
despatch concluded as follows : "Her Majesty's
Government have read these dear and able state-
ments with much interest. It is not their duty
to express any opinion upon the particular
measiiri's adopted on the advice of your
responsible Ministers, but they fully approve
your having acted on these matters in accordame
with constitutional usage." The Report of the
Ivoyal Commission was also laid on the table ;
and it was at once felt that no side issue would
be of avail, the Government had in ellect
challenged the Opi)osition to question their

conduct if they dared, and the question of
confidence or non-confidence must be scpiarely
raised. After th<^ submission of these i)apers,

' and a little routine business, the House
adjourned until Monday, the 27th, when the
great d'ebate on the Address was commenced.

<i. — In the Senate the Address was moved by
Hon. G. Alexander, seconded by Hon. D. Mont-
gomery, and was ad()i)ted after a i,,,!,,,,^,,^ ii|„
brief discussion, in which Hon. i^SSijlIj:

; Messrs. Letellier de St. Just, '"""'•
Campbell, Dickey, Macpherson and Christie
l)articipated. In the Commons, the Addre.ss
was moved by Mr. AVitton, seconded by Mr.
Baby, who made th(> usual <omplimentary
remarks on the measun-s treated of in the
Sjx'ech from the Throne. The first paragraph
of the Address — which was merely that aa
Address be presented — was adopted without
comment. On the second paragraph, which was
as follows : " That we thank His Excellency for
his statement that, in accordance with the inti-

I mation given by him at the close of last session,
he has caused Parliament to be summoned at
the earliest moment after the receipt of the
report of the Commissioners appointed by His
lixcellency to inquire into certain matters con-
nected with the Canadian Pacific Railway,"
being read, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie rose and
reviewed at length the course pursued by the
Government with regard to the Pacific Railway
Charter. He claimed that during the live years

; " the hrst Parliament of the Dominion, the
Administration had been gradually losing the
confidence of the country : and that, as their

; chief object was the retention of power rather
than the i)assage of good measures, it became
necessary for them to start some new move-

' ment to retain them in office; the Intercolonial

I Railway was nearly finished, and it was neces-

' sary for them to find somt' other great work by
means of which tliey hoped to keep themselves

i in power ; therefore, the inauguration of the

Pacific Railway. He recounted the objections

, which had l)een raised by the Opposition at the

, time of the admission of British Columbia, to

I the ^ ountry binding itself to build the road in

(iOVKRXMHNT OK V.MU. DrFKKIlIX— WKSICXATIOX OF THE MACDOXALD MIXISTIJY. 411

toll yoars; and thi' still stroiij^cr objection
which had ht'cii raised duiiiii:' the session ol"
1872, to the Goveniment beinjj' given the power
to issue a charter to a Company !o build the
road, without eonsuLiiig Parliamont. It was
customary to consult Parliament on the subject
of contracts, and he thought it very extraor-
dinary that the very Administration which
submitted to the approval of I'arlinment, at the
session of 1872, a contract for carrying the
mails, which involved an exi)enditure of
.£25,000, should refuse to srxljmit t^ the House
a contract involving the expenditure of $80,-
000,000, and the granting of 50,0C0,0f>'' acres of
our best lands. This was extruordinavy, nrt to
say suspicious, and when the (iovernment
sought to justify it l)y saying that it was neces-
sary on a 'count of the ten-year limit of time, it
looked as if that limit had been made as part of
the plot to throw th(> control of this immense
patronage into the hands of the Government.
He claimed that unless there was seme o))ject
to gain there was no reason why the Govern-
ment should not have consi;lted the House
W'ith regard to the contract. He then referred
to the fact that the Government had put off the
passage of a stringent l']lection Act, which
would p'event bribery, and place the trial of
Controverted Elections in the hands of the
Judges, until after the genertil I'lections ; and
argued that no (Iovernment would have done
this had it not been intended to carry the elec-
tions no matter what means were used. He
relerred to the imperfect character of the In-
terim Election Law, and the great advantages
it gave to the Ministerial candidates in many
ways, and said that in spite of all these advan-
tages it was found that something more was
needed, and that something more was furnished
by the contractors for the Pacific Railway. He
then quoted from the evidence of Sir ,Iohn A.
Macdonald, befort> the Royal Commission, to
jhow that he had instructed Sir George E. Cartier
to call on Sir Hugh Allan for funds, and went
on to argue that it was ridiculous to say that
the immense contri1>utions of this gentleman
had no reference to the granting of the Charter,

but were simply given by him for the support
of the party — a man who, by his own showing,
never had a party, and had never e\ en voted
but once. He proceeded to show by the evi-
dence, that Sir Hugh Alhin was not a party
man ; that he was a shrewd speciilator, and
that it was only after an agreement had been
k come to that he should have the contract, that
he agreed to fiirnish money for the elections ;ind
asked, '• what money do you want ! " He re-
viewed the conduct of the Government with
regard to the prorogation of the thirteenth of
August, and the appointment of three Judges to
take the evidence against them : and contended
that from the evidence taken, it was clearly
shown that the Government were determined
to carry the elections at all hazards, and that
they used the Pacific contract to gain their ends.
He concluded by moving, seconded by Mr.
Colfin, "That the following words be added to
the paragraph : ' And we have to acquaint His
Excellency that by their course in reference to
the investigation of the charges preferred by
Mr. Huntington, in his place in this House, and
under the facts disclosed in the evidenct> laid
before us, His Excellency's advisers, have
merited the severe censure of thu Hoive." '

7. — Hon. Mr. Mackenzie spoke until six
o'clock, and, after recess, was replied to by the
Hon. Dr. Tupper, who said he s,H.,.,h,.rii„„. i.,..
rejoiced that his colleagties and '"i'"'"-
himself had at last an opportunity of defending
themselves in Parliament'against the foul asper-
sions which had for months been cast upon
them. He believed that not only had the
Government been assailed in a manner unpre-
cedented in history, but that there were motives
behind that assault which would not bear inves-
tigation. He claimed that the Government had
remained in power by " bringing forward such
measures as they believed would advance the
prosperity, raise the character, and elevate the
position of Canada," and had been met by
gentlemen who were most iinscrupulous as to
the means they used in their efforts to reach the
Treasury benches. He claimed that the Opposi-
tion had acquired thier majority in Ontario by

' ; wi*

I!''

'rt'

112

Tl'TTI-KS IIIM"UI{Y oK TIIK DOMINION OP (.'ANADA.

t'hiiiiiiut^ tin- (iDVt'rinnciit with sarrilicMim' the
iiiU'ivsts <ii' ("iiuiulii to tlif lUHfssitit's ol' tlio
Motlic" Coimtiy, luid thoiiuht that a small
iriiunph whit li was aaiiu-d by advocating
I disloyally In the Ihitish Crown, lie charj^vd
t that the Opposition havinii' trii'd in vain every
tlloil to overthrow the Government on the
Washing-Ion ("rraty. had resorted to the.se
thari^vs in con-iection with the I'aciiif; Railway
Clmrti'r. Tlie honorable member lor iShelibrd
had oharu'ed the Government with bartering a
lii-eat public intt'rest Ibr Ibreiun gold, while the
, (acts siiowcd thai every jirecviution had been
taken to exclude loreiiiuers I'rom the road ; and
instead oi' the Government l)eing interested
with I'oreiuners. it was the Opposition which
had l)econic interested with Jay Cooke & Co.,
when thai lirm found that tlu' Government
was determined to keep il out ol' the Pacific
Railway. lie then reviewed at length the
appointment oi' the Committee, the circum-
stances attending the passing of the Oaths Bill,
its disallowance, the otier of the I'remier to
issue a Royal Commission to the Committee,
the retusal ol' Messrs. Blake and Dorion, the
prorogation ol' the 13th of August, and the
issue oi" the Royal Commission, contending that
the Government had acted throughout in the
best of faith. He reviewed the evidence taken
before the Royal Commission at length, and
claimed that the charges made by the honorable
member for Sheilbrd {'Mr. Huntington), had been
disproved in every particular, by the very
witnesses on whom he had professed to rely to
establish them.

8. — Hon. Mr. Huntington followed, and denied
that be had ever had any connettion with Jay
.Speech of Hon. Mr. Cooke & Co. He declared that
ifuutmgton. ^^^, lirraly believed in the truth

of the charges at the time he made them,
although he did not have Sir Hugh Allan's
letters in his pocket then. He asked how it was
that the members for Vancouver (Sir Francis
Hincks) and Ciimberland (Hon. Dr. Tupper) had
not denied the charges in Sir Hugh Allan's
letters ? He claimed that the letters of Sir
Hugh Allan were the best evidence produced

before the Committee, aiul they showed con-
clusively the bargain between Sir Hugh Allan
.iiid the Crovernuienl. He did not accu.se Sir
Hugh Allan of any greater crime than that of
thinking he could carry everything bel'ore him
by bribery. He then vcu'1 *''e agreement entered
into between Sir Hu, and his American

friends, as adduced beiore uie i\oyal Commission,
and claimed ihat that substantiated the first
part of his charu'e. The yist ot' his charge was
that Sir Hugh Allan purchased the contract, and
he contended, that the evidence taken before the
Commission proved that tile contract had been
purchased. He quoted from several parts (if Sir
Hugh Allan's letters to show the intimacy
existing between him and the (Jovernment. It
was shown that Sir Hugh Allan wanted the
contract, and that Sir Georgt; E. Cartier wa)ited
money to bribe the electors with ; Sir Hugh
got the contract and Sir George got the money,
and what w as the logical conclusion ? An
adjournment of the debate was moved by Sir
Francis Hincks.

9. — On the twenty-eighth the debate was re-
sumed by Sir Francis Hincks, who defended
himself from some personal at-
tacks made on him by the mem- (i.MlIiiiV''uiunHimont

, r C-.1 in 1 1 ,1 to the illllCMjliR'ilt.

ber for Sheiiord, and entered
into a lengthy explanation of the conduct of the
Government, which he claimed was entirely
l)laraeless and for the best interests of the country;
and held that the charges ofthe honorable member
for Sheiiord had not been sustained by the evi-
dence produced. He was followed by the Hon.
James Macdonald. of Pictou, who in a very elo-
quent and exhaustive speech of over four hours
duration, very ably defended the Government,
and attacked the Opposition for endeavoring to
hound to political death and personal dishonor
the man who had done more than any other
living Canadian to uphold the honor and dignity
of the country, and to consolidate and develope
its power and resources. He concluded by
moving in amendment to the amendment that
iio following words be substituted : " And we
desire to assure His Excellency, that after const- 1
deration of the statements made in the evidence 1

COVKRNMKN'T OK KAIM, DI'I'TKRIN— RKSIfJNATIoN OF TIIR MACDoVALD MIXISTRY. Mii

Till' otlV-ct .pllivc
iliiys -luhiite.

bt'lbie ixs, and while Wf rcurct fho outlay of
money liy all politiiiil parties al rarliiimeiitary
Kliictioiis, and desire the most stringent mea-
sures to put an end to the practice, vve. at the
same time, be<r leave to express our continued
conlidence in Ilis Excellency's advisers, and
in their administration of pul)lic affairs. "' The
debate was continued by Mr. David Glass, one
of the recent converts to the Opposition, who
explained his " peculiar position," and stated
that he believed the charges proved : Mr. liaker,
who supported the (rovernment ; and Mr.
Younir (Waterloo) \<ho condemned it ; and was
adjourned on motion of Mr. Wood.

10. — The debate was continued on the twenty-
ninth, thirtieth and thirty-lirst of October and

the third of November by Messrs.

AVood, Cartwriuht, MacKay, Mc-
Donnell, (Inverness) Cunninjrham, Joly, Coffin,
Lallamme, Burpee, (St. John) Tickard, Prevost,
aiul Mills in support of Hon. Mr. MacKenzie's
amendment : and Messrs. Palmer, Kirkpatrick,
Grant, Thompson, (Cariboo), Wallace, (Norfolk),
Tilley, Carter, Domville, Ouimet, Mathieu, and
"Wright, (Pontiac,) who supported the Govern-
ment, after which Sir John A. Macdonald rose
to speak. The debate had now lasted live
nights and the condition of the Government
was hourly growing more and more critiial ;
new defections from their ranks were daily
taking place, and, although none of them had
spoken yet, it was understood that at least a
portion of the Prince lidw'ard Island members
would siipport the Opposition. The " whips "
on both sides were unceasingly active and noses
were being counted with a care and thought-
fulness which had not been known since the
days preceding the " Dead Lock '" in 1864. Of
course, there were whispers of attempts at cor-
ruption and corrupt influences, but the only
charge of the kind which was made was by
Mr. Cunningham, member for Marquette who
stated in his place, on the third of November,
that he had been approached on the previous
day (Sunday) by Alderman Heney, of Ottawa,
who had offered him one, two, or three thousand
pounds if he would vote for the Ministry. On

motion of Mr. White, ( Ffalton ). Alderman
Heney was summoned to the bar of the House,
and appeared there, and wivs placed in i ustody
of the Sergeant-at-Arms to be i>rodu>e<l when
needed. Mr. lituiey, however, was never
needed, for the resignation of the Ministry took
l)lace on the fifth, and th(^ House was prorouiied
on th(^ seventh without any action being taken
in his ca.se. The excitement in Ottawa during
the long debate was most intense ; the hotels
were crowded and the ualleries niuhtly thronged
while small anxious groups of threes and fours
could be seen about the loi)bies and in the <()r-
ridors of the Russell, at almost iill hours of tiie
day or night, eauerly discussing the latest
move, or su])posed move, on the political chess-
board. The speech of Sir John A. Macdonald
had been anxiously waited for, l)Ut was rather
a disappointment to .some of his friends when it
did come. He was not in his happiest vein, and
spoke more like the leader of a forlorn hope than
the chief of a victorioiis party ; he was out-
generalled and beaten, and he knew it, and his
five hour and a half oration had little of the
strength and force in it which charaiterized
some of his previous Parliamentary elforts, such ;
as his speech in defense of the Washington
Treaty.

11. — He commenced by stating that ho had ;
not intended making any remarks on the two
motions before the House, for sir.F..iin a. .Mnf
the reason that he had already ''""^'i'''- '•'•i'^"'--
made a full, free and unreserved statement
under oath, of the whole case, as far as he knew
of it, and he had not desired to supplement his
statement, under oath, by another statement,
not under oath ; but he had been taunted in the
press and outside of the House, with holding
back his statements, and not daring to meet the
House or the country, and he wished it to
be understood that he was quite prepared to
meet both the House and the country. He
commenced by defending the prorogation of the
thirteenth of August, claiming that there was no
breach of the privileges of the House committed,
that it was simply an exercise of the prerogative
which it could not be questioned the Sovereign

ilil

ii M

^.^

II .1

(It

Tl'TTLK'H HISTOHY Oi' THR DOMIXION OF CANADA.

hiiil tlu' uii(loul)IO(l lii^ht lo exorcise, on thi'
iulvifc 111' his MiiiislcrM. rosponsihlo to ))oth
Hixi.sos. lie hopi'd ihr timo would lu'vorcomi'
wlu'ii I'iirliaiiiciit would n't'usc to i)f prorouuctl,
iiud attempt to sit c/i permanence, lor then would
be destroyed one ol' tile aTeatest siileiruurds of
the IJritish Cousiituliou. Passing on to the
motion of the lioiiorahle member for Shellord
(Mr. Iluntinirton) hedeclared that it was not oidy
intended as a motion of want of eonlidenee in
the Government, hut, was also meant to kill
thi' Pacilic Railway, and j)revent the deimtatiou
which had p'»"*' t" Enuland to interest Euro-
pean eapitalists in the scheme from aeeomplish-
inu their object. He denied the statement
made by the leader of the Opimsiiion and others
that pressure had l)een brouiiht to bear on him
(Sir John) by some of his supportin-s to induce
hi in to ask for a Committee. There was no
such pressure at all ; the motion of the member
lor Shellord was jnomptly ^oted down, because
it was a vote of want of confidence, but no
Ministry could dream of holding office after
such a charge had been made wnhout having
it disproved, and accordingly he (Sir John)
had, on entering the Council Chamber, on tlie
followinu' mornina' announced his intention of
asking lor a Committee, before any one had
spoken to him on the subject. He went on to
explain that he never supposed any one would
expect the Committee to complete its work in
I he absence of the three parties mainly interested
—Sir Hugh Allan, Hon. Mr. AI)bott and Sir
Crcorge E. Carti(>r — who were then absent in
l']ngland, and for that reason he had added to
his motion, " and if need be to sit afer the
prorogation of rarliament," so that if these
gentlemen did not return before the other
Imsin- is of Parliament was concluded, the
Comi/f'ttee could still continixe its labors. He
had afterwards discovered that Parliament had
not the power to authorize a Committee to sit
after prorogation, and it was on that account
that the House had been adjourned on the 28rd
(jf May instead of being prorogued, so that the
Committee could go on taking evidence after
these gentlemen retiimed. He claimed that

the Hcmse i)erfectly well understood and
accepted the statement that the meeiing on
the l;!th of August was \u h^' jiro forma ; and
that after it had been so announced })y him,
on the authority of the Governor-General, and
aioepted by the House, it was not jiossible that
any other course could be pursued. .Vs lo the
legality of thi' issue of the U'oyal Commis.siou,
he did not propose to speak, as the motion
of the member for Laml>toii rendered that
unnecessary ; he would, therclore, pass on to
the evidence taken l)efore the Commission.
He argued at .some length to prove the legality
of the Commission, and blamed the honorable
member for Shelford for not appearing before
it, whether it was legally constituted or not,
if he really wished to have a full im cstigation.
He defended the Judges appointed on the
Commission from the charges of partizanship
made aaainst them; and with reference to the
statement that witness after witness had been
examined who simply knew nothing, he said
that the names of the witnesses had been given
to the Committee by the member for Shellord,
and were called and examined in the order
in whi<h they were given by him. If they
ki. .'w nothiim' it was not the. fault of the
Commissioners. With regard to the charges
themselves he said : " First we are told that
the Government had acted with these American
gentlemen, and had given up all the riiihts of
Canada to a foreign corporation. "We were
told that we were n^creant to our position, as
Canadians, to our position as members of Par-
liament, and guardians of the rights of Canada,
and that we handed over the great Pacific
Railway to the Americans. When that Inoke
down, the next charge w'as brought up. Hon.
gentlemen opposite siid, ' We know you did
not do that, but you have sold it,' and when
that broke down they came to the last charge,
and said, ' Oh, you are guilty of spending a large
sum of money at the eleitions.' These are the
three charges, and I shall deal with them seri-
atim." With regard to the first charge he said
that it had roused him when it was made, for
he had thought that he had entirely kept Jay

si Odd

lllltl

ncciiii

!,' on

or in a ;

and

Hi by

him,

'lUTllI

iiiul

(inVKKXMK.NT ol" KAIM, l»I l''l'KIMX-IM:SI(iNATI(>.\ ol' TIIK M.\(l)(>\AF-lt MINISTRY. H:.

Cook iV Co.. aiul every olhor Compiiny inter-
ewteil in tile iNorlhein ruiilic Kailway, out oi
any purticipution in the Canadian I'aeilif. He
rlainietl that it was Ijecaiise he had done so that
this attack had been made upon the (Suvcrn-
nuMit ; and he rhHr<,'ed the member tor iShellord
with being the agent of tho Northern I'acilic
Kailway. and that he was elooted to his seal l)y
alitMi railway inlluemes. He spoke of the strong'
opposition whi< h he knew he should meet with
in Ontario dnring th« elections on account oi'
the Washin<>ion Treaty ; and said that the Op-
position leaders had described him as a cross
between Benedict Arnold and Judas Iscariot,
bnt he was proud ol' having assisted in securinu
peace to two great nations by that Treaty, and
he should })e glad to have it recorded on his
tombstone that he had been instrumental in ne-
gotiating that Treaty. He entered at lenuth
into the various eH'ovts which had l)een made
by the Opposition in Ontario, and the cries
which had been raised that he had sacriliced
the interests ol' Ontario to that ol" the other
Provinces ; that he was going to ruin the coun-
try with the Pacilic Railway ; that he had given
too much to \ova Scotia, cS:c., to show the dilii-
cnlties which the Government had to contend
against in that Province. He claimed that the
Opposition had spent two pounds to the (rov-
ernment's one. and challenged them to have a
Committee ajipointed and investigate the facts.
He charged that there were more members on
the Opposition than on the (jOA'ernment benches
who owed their seats to the nse ol' money, and
alUrmed that he believed he could prove what
he said ])efore any Committee the House thought
proper to a])point. He then traced at length
the course pursued by the Government with re-
gard to the building of the Pacific JJailway
claiming that after the cry had beiMi raised
against the admission of American capital, every
precaution had been taken by the GoA'ernment
to exclude it, and l)laming Sir Hugh Allan for
continuing to hold out hopes to his American
partners after he must have known that the
Government could not, and would not, grant a
charter to any Company in which Americans

were interested. He spoke of the visit paid him
l»y Mr. McMiillcn and other rhjiago genllemcM
about the lime of the uranting of the Royal
Charter, and their comi>laints about Sir Huiih
Allan's treatment of them, and said that he Iciok
that as the best evidence that Sir Huiih Allan
and his American associates had quiirrelled, and
there was net danger of their being •interested
in the Charter in any way. With regard to the
action of Sir (K'orge 15. Cartier in Montreal, he
said : " I do not wish honorable iicntlemeii to
suppose for one single instant that I would
desire to shelter myself or my living coUeaiiiies
by throwing the blame on my dead colleague.
Wliatever Sir George Cartier has done I will
assume the responsibility ol'. Whatever Sir
George Cartier has done I must adept as being
the honest expression of an individual Minis-
ter ; but. sir, I do not admit, and I will
not admit, and it is not safe for honorable
gentlemen opposite to admit, that any oiu'
Minister can bind a Ministry." He declan'd
that the only aareemeiit t-vcr entered into with
regard to the granting of the Charter, as far as
he was concerned, or as far as the Government
was concerned, was the teleii'ram of the 2ilth ol
July with regard to postponiim' the matter
until after the elections aiul then bringinu'
about an amalganuition of the Ontario aiul
Quebec Companies. He charged that Sir Huuh
Allan's letter had been bought from McMiUlen
by the member for Shelibrd, (the charae was at
once denied by Mr. Huntiim'ton), and then i)ro-
ceeded to defend the course of the (iovernmenl
after the 2(jth of July, sayinu' : '• There ui'ver
was an occasion, there never was a minute, in
which the interests of Canada were sacrihced
by the Government of Canada for election
purposes." He then proceeded to show ho v
the Company to which the Charter was flnt.Iiy
granted was constituted; how thirteen repres-
entative men from the dill'erent Provinces had
been selected, and how it was j)rovided tluit iu>
one of them should hold more than $100,000
worth of stock; and concluded his address as
follows : " If there is a word in that Charter
which derogates from the rights of Canada ; if

.it

•I

'ill!

]

2M !■

416

TCTTLIv'S IIISTOKV OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.

thcrt- is any iiiuliie privilego, or right, or
l)rei)on(lt'ranct' given to any one of th(>se
thirteen Directors, 1 say, Mr. Speaker, I am
condemned. But, sir, I commit myseM', the
Crovernmcnt I'ommits itself", to the hands oi' this
House, and far J)eyond the House, it commits
itself to the country at large. We have
faithfully done our duty. We have fought the
battle of Confederation. We have foixght the
battle of Union. We have had Party strife
setting" Province against Province, and more
than all. we have had in (he greatest Province,
the preponderating Province of the Dominion,
every prejudice and sectional feeling that could
be arrayed against us. I have been the victim
of that conduct to a great extent , but I have
fought the battle of Confederation, the battle of
Union, the battle of the Dominion of Canada.
I throw myself upon this House ; I throw
myself ui)on this country ; I throw myself upon
posterity ; and I believe that I know that,
notwithstanding the many failings in my life>
I shall have the voice of this country and this
House rallying rotind me. And, Sir, if I am
mistaken in that, I can confidently appeal to a
hiulier Court, to the Court of my own conscience,
and to the Court of Posterity. I leave it with
this House with every confidence. I am equal
to either fortune. I can see cast the decision of
this Hoiise either for or against me, but whether
it be against me or f'oi me I know, and it is no
A'aiu boast to say. Sir, for even my enemies will
admit that I am no boaster, that there does not
exist in Canada a man who has given more of
his time, more of his heart, more of his wealth,
or more of his intellect and power, such as it
may be. for the good of this Dominion of
Canada."

12. — Sir John A. Macdonald was followed by
Hon. Mr. Blake, who spoke until half-past two
in the mornina", when the Hoitse
.Mini,«ir.v. (iuiii> i>r ud|ourncd. Oil the 4th the de-
bate was resttmed by Hon. Mr.
Blake in a lengthy speech, in which he con-
demned the londuct of the CTOveruinent, and
sought to show the very intimate relations
which existed between them and Sir Hugh

Allan. The debate was continued by Messrs.
Cameron (Cardwell), Pope (P.E.I.) and Dodge
who supported the Ministry ; and Messrs. Laird,
Hagar, Smith, ( Selkirk ), and Davies, (P.E. I.)
who supported Mr. Mackenzie's amendment.
The House adjourned at 1.30 on the morning of
the 5th. By this time it had become evident to
Sir John A. Macdonald that he had lost his
majority in the House. The determination of
the Prince Edward Island members (except Mr-
Pope), to support Mr. Mackenzie's amendment,
added to the defection of some of his usual
supporters on whom he had depended — notably
Mr. D. A. Smith — had turned the scale, and he
now saw that he would be defeated on a division,
and that Mr. Mackenzie's vote of want o'' confi-
dence would carry. Under these circumstances,
he decided not to await the issue of the vote,
but, on the morning of the oth ol November (the
anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot) he j)laced
the resignation of the Ministry in the hands of
Lord Dutf'erin. and Mr. Mackenzie was sent for
to form a new Administration. . The announce-
ment was formally made to the House by Sir
John A. Macdonald, and to the Senate by Hon.
Mr. Campbell, and both Houses adjourned until
the Oth, and on that day to the 7th, when the for-
mation of a Ministry by Hon. Mr. Mackenzie was
announced, and Parliament was prorogued. So
ended the cele])rated '' Short Session, ' and so died
the Macdonald Ministry, after having been in
power in the old Province of Canada and in the
Doiiiinion for nearly twenty years. The fact of
the resignation can hardly be taken as a plea
of guilty by the Ministry to the charges made
against them by Mr. Huntington, and it may be
argued that the case was not absolutely proved,
and that Sir John, finding many of his old friends
and supporters could not support him on this
question, resigned to spare them the pain of
recording their votes against him ; and, further,
that by their not so committing themselves they
would be at greater liberty to give him their
countenance and sui)port again on matters of
iicneral polic'y in which they agreed with him.
However that may be, the fact of the Ministry
not daring to test the House and take a vote,

ed by Messrs.
I.) and Dodge
Messrs. Laird,
ivies, (P.E. I.)

amendment,
ie morning- of
me evident to

had lost his
erminatiou of
rs (fxcei)t Mr.

amendment,
of his usual
ied— notal)ly
•scale, and he
on a division,
-'ant o'' confi-
numstances,

of the vote,
)veniher (the
>t) he jjlaced
Hie hands of
was sent Ibr
e announ<'e-
ouse by Sir
ite by lion,
lurned until
hen the for-
;kenzie was
oii'ued. So
and so died
ig been in

and in the |
TJie I'act of

as a plea
'ges made

it may be
ly proved,
old friends
in on this
« pain ofj
d, further,
elves they I
hnn their
nailers of
vith him.

Ministry
ie a vote,

ft*-

.'<

, '• t-

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! to a sT'-a!

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itiittle ol Til ■ 1

. -Vi]{ Tljji'll t!u

' 'his oum.--) , i

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r ; iia, . '
hi! till' (1

■ ("»»!»<*»

'■i'.riA my---' ■'■ ■■
th\i J ka
in^rs ir;

1 can sc. i .ision ot

■' ■iiiici lur or again.:.! rj:-.', imi wheUiev

.('•' !•!. r.r 1 .r UK' 1 know, and it it, no

, t'oT even ray «nemifts will

•< tK'U th>^r«? doi>'< urft

' " u'iveii nion^ ol"

• ■■ ■■ M

s vvi-ttltb,
vli at' it
uiiniou 0?

Ui.llJ. ■

'iy sjM'pi.h, ill

.I,-,.. .r r>v '"^ ■

. >)K <'A.N'.AD.V.

' ' '' ite vva« oiitiiiucd b\ Mo.ssrs.
■■■ (' n:fi>v..:i), Popft (P.J5, r.) and Doda'c ,
r>n'trd ilu' .Mini.slry ; md Mo.-isr«. Laird, )'
■ i .. . "'inif.h, ( Selkirk ), <iii.i Da\-ie.s. (P. E. I ,
v\U.> KXtiportt^d iJdr. Mfto.konaie'h amoiidim^ut.
■' ''■-■■ Hoasp, adjoxirnt'd at lUO'-ii th • inoruiiit! of
■h. B> thl^: tiinc il had !)e''onu' e\-id<jjif to :

•1) .iuhu A M;icdv>ii.MM

uiui

f htu lost ids

."•ity- iii t}ii> lluuv.' I'ho dot.-rmiii.iH'in ot [[
i'ni.i-.- fv' '>'.' ; :i ,!ui inenrhiirs (i-xryjil Mr.

Mo- k. r.siip'.s amondment.
(if his iisvirii
- , udi'd — )iuTubl\

>.lu«d \'i iii .

\Lr: D. A.. Smith -}i«>; '. uu.d t!ii> s.-aii;. and h->

u)W .saw tLiithf^ would bi-i<'il;i!..l oiin ilivi.sir>ii.

<ind I hat Mr. ^[ac•kr>n?.^o's vvil(> of want of i;onti

di'uci- wonld carry. Undoi liii'vi- cir'-uiiislan'-os,

he dp,idwl not to await th..- . ..-n.i oi iht- voli-.

■-• nionuiigof theoth'il Novi'inlur (t!i«^»

-- of the Guupowd'M' Plot) )n> idaccd

• n of thf> Miuuvtcy bi i]>.' hic-id, o'-

..^i-d Dutlerin, and Mr. Mftok-^uzic. \.

' Ut-W Admin !:»!'■ ■ :

• U u. , . u !i,;ll tS. ; :

■■ (y by i "'.(.i l,,'ii; ■ A ,

', and i'Hrliamt'nt \
• .»d.;d tilt' cidolnated " Short. ivtsM'
the M.iodouald Ministry, aiier h.^..,- i...; ■),
pi.nver in the old Piovimo of Canada iuuj. m th.
I^ominion foi noarly tw»;nty years Tht! fact ,i
th.> r.

aR"n;i

■? iiuui-n Alt Jxardly hf X:\kon n> a [d.ja
> V tlif Miuitttry to Ihi' v^harjve.-' nutdo
by Mr. Iluut,inj?icn, ana it m ly b«>
ie casi> was not ahaulut.-ly provd.
-■" ' ^ •' •b'l, hndiii,i,'-jnunyof hi.so! I fl■i.■n(i^
;'«' ''tMM>"H.<r; ^-oiiJd ii )f. K.ipport iiiia ..n :hh.
.'pmd Its inun thum (i. • ,.;!:ii . f
•>"' '•h>ir volfs against him.; ttud, td-rli.?.
'..( *:■, :)'ir not m ■ "inuutiiuR- th'-m«i;]v.s th.-,
ould ln) fd groaUsr Jiljerty to givo hinj *'; .
nutennh., and r,rpjio?i atjstn on nmr

tl ;.(di(?y in whi'- ' ■ -..d «,vitii ...,,»
' ■ *'i ■' ■!- ^" tbi' Minis!!''

p| taki' a \Mi.'

■ > •niil Dodav
^'•'•^srs. L,,ir<l, )'
'■'-.'•^. (T. E. I . .1

^i»lt;udlU(«llt.

■ Jioriiiuo of
'' t'^,leIl^ to -I
'>"' losf his :'

• '•-. ■..,!. i ,V[,.
'' 'lis usual

-l"'I -JlOTillilj

"'■i'i' . iuid h-

'iUI' (.-.'■ i:0!l|l

i'i 'he \-/it,..
Vfinli. r (;j,^»

') ii'> i'luo'd
'iand.s ol
. .-■•))( l.sr

■■ itllliOVUH'c-

K i.VVJ,

II.

iUid JH

fh..

rht. fa..

■.,

;-.'■'• 'ii:

-If

if n< »y

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■d.

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Iv... ih

mil ('

.11 1(

hh ,

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' T V;)l

^&m

GOVBRNMRNT OF EARL DUFPERIN— RESIGNATION OF THE MACDONALD MINISTRY.

was claimed by the Opposition as a plea of
guilty, and the vote of the country at the next
general election endorsed that opinion by an
overwhelming majority. Judgi' ^ from the
evidence alone and from the statements made
by honorable gentlemen on both sides, it would
not be fair to say that the charges of Hon. Mr.
Huntington were sustained ; nor would it be
possible to say that there was no ground for
them, and that there was not at lease some por-
tion of truth in them. Sir John A. Maedonald,
Sir Hugh Allan, Mr. Abbott, and others inter-
ested, all swore that there never was any
bargain of any kind by which money was to be
advanced for the elections in consideration of
Sir Hugh Allan getting the contract ; that the
large sums spent by Sir Hugh were expended
because the policy the Crovernment had in-
augurated was what he considered best for the
interest of the Dominion, and most likely to
benefit the many and extensive commorcia)
enterprises in which he was engaged. On the
other hand, we have the fact that it was only
after Sir George E. Cartier had agreed that the
Canada Pacific Company should have the con-
tract, in the event of an amalgamation not
taking place that Sir Hugh agreed to advance
any money to the members of the Government
for election purposes in compliance with the
request contained in Sir George E. Cartier's
second letter of 30th July. It is true that the
first letter was withdrawn, at the request of Sir
John A. Maedonald, but the second letter] was
not, and payments were made on it for a month
after, and it scarcely seems probable that so
clear-headed and shrewd a business-man as Sir
Hugh would have gone on advancing such
large sums after the withdrawal of the first
letter of the 30th of July, unless he had some
reason to believe either that that letter would be
renewed, or that he would gain his object in
some other way. He, however, swears that he
had no bargain with any member of the Gov-
ernment, and as the member with whom the
bargain was supposed to be made — Sir George
E. Cartier — was dead, there was no evidence
other than that of inference to show that there

was any other bargain than that proposed by
Sir John A. Macdonald's telegram of 2t)th July,
which showed nothing corrupt, or at all com-
promising to the Government. Taking the
evidence therefore, as it stands we should
be inclined to arrive at the Scotch verdict
of " Not Proven," which, while admitting
that there was not evidence enough to
convict, at the same time acknowledges
that there was evidence enough on which
to suspect. That Sir Hu^^gh Allan gave
$162,600 to Sir George E. Cartier, Sir John
A. Maedonald and Hon. Mr. Langevin. for elec-
tion purposes, there can be no doubt ;* nor is
there any doubt that Sir Hugh Allan was one
of the parties to whom the Charter was eventu-
ally granted, although he did not get as favor-
able terms as he nad previously expected ; still,
although the inference is very strong, the posi-
tive evidence is lacking, and in the absence of
that, and in the face of the sworn testimony '
Sir Hugh Allan and others that there was uo
bargain, we must give the accused the benefit
of the doubt, and admit the charges '• Not
ProA'^en." It is a sad commentary on the poli-
tical morality of Canada, to be forced to allow
that Ministers of the Crown came so near being
found guilty of the crime of selling a great
public work; but there are two crumbs of
comfort left, one is that there was no charge,
indeed no suspicion, that either Sir John A.
Maedonald or his colleagues sold the Charter for
any personal advantage, but only for fimds
with which to corrupt others — a nice distinc-
tion, but still one of some significance. Bribery
at elections was scarcely regarded as an oftence ;
both parties resorted to it freely and almost
openly ; and the second crumb of comfort to be
gathered from the Pacific Scandal is that the

* On ir.y rotiirn, I found that the limits of imyments which I had flrst
ngroed to had been excoeded, and, with subi^equoiit advunocB, they
finally stood as followm—

To Sir Geo. E. Cartier's Conimittoo SW.flOlt

To Hon. Sir John A. Maedonald, towards election

oxpensoa in Ontario 4d.(XX)

To lion. II. Ii. LanKovini towards electoral ex-

liensex in Quebec 32,600

Total *l()2,ii()0

Sir Huifh Allan's evidence l)efore Koyal Commission.

[

i !:

-IIH

TrTTFJ-rS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

exposure of the immonso proportions to which
this systom ol' hvilxM'y had aUaincd, openod the
eyes ol' the piil)lic at hirsie to its cnonnity, and
prepared the way for thv passage of a more
thoroimli Ek^tion Law, and very severe Acts
a<iainst bribery and corrupt ii^actices at eh^c-
tiond.

CHAPTER XL.

(iOVEILVMKXT OF TIIF HAUL OF DUFFFRIN
— PIMXCIl'AL FVFNT.S OF IHTA.

1. Cir.\NGi;s IN THE CaUINKT. — '2. FOUMATION

OK THE Mackenzie Ministuy. — 3. Dominion
DoAKi) OF Tkaue. The Takikk. — 4. Dominion
BoAKi) OK TiiADE. Second i)av'.>! discus.-^ions. j
— ,"). Dominion Ijoard ok Tuade. Tiiikd

day's I'ROI'EEDINGS. — »j. WliECK OK THE '.
" AxiiANTIC." 545 LIVES LOST.— 7. OTIIEI!
MaIUNE DISASTERS. — ,S. BuENIN(i OF THE

"Bavarian."—!!. Fihes.— 10. TiiePoi'e-M.vc-

DOXALD EETTEK. — 11. OtHEK EVENTS OF THE
YEAR.

1. — The important event of the year 1S73,
was par e.tcel/enre " The raoiilc Scandal,"
which we have already dealt
with at con.sidt'rable length, and
it only remains to notice the changes in the
Ministery which preceded and followed the j
defeat of the Macdonald Administration. Quite |
a number of ciiaiiii'i's took pla<e in the Macdonald i
C'al)inet, the iirst of which was on the thirtieth
of .Tanuary. when tlie Hon J. (". Chapais,
Receiver-General, resigned, and his jiortfolio
was taken l)y lion. Theodore Robitaille, who
was sworn of the I'rivy Council on the same
day. Ever since his defeat for South Brant at
the General Ek'ction, 1872, and his subsequent |
return for Vancouver. B.C., it had been rumored [
that Sir Francis Ilincks contemplated retiring
from public life ; but it was not until the twenty-
second of February that he resigned the portfolio
of Finance Minister, and acc(>i)ted the Presidency
of the City Bank of Montreal. His successor to

<'hnn(r('s in the
Caljintt.

the portfolio of Minister of Finance was Hon.
Mr. TiUey, Minister of Customs, whose portfolio
was taken by Hon. Dr. Tupper, Minister of
Inland Revenxxe. On the fourth of March the
Hon. John O'Connor. President of the Privy
Council assumed the portfolio ol' Minister of
Inland Revenue. On the li'st of ^lay, the Hon.
Joseph Howe, Secretary of State for the Pro-
vinces, was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of
Nova Scotia; and on the fourteenth of June,
the Hon. T. N. Gibbs and the lion. Hugh
McDonald wi>r(> sworn of the Privy Council and
appointed Secretary of State for the Provinces
and President of the Privy Council resi)ectively.
The death of Sir George E. Cartier having
made a vacancy a general change of portfolio's
took place on the Iirst of July which left the
Cabinet as follows :

Rt. Ho.n. Sill Jdir.v .v. Mai iioNAi.ii, K. (J. li.. Miiii>tiT of .liistico,

(Promiii).
IIo.s. S. L. Tii.i.KV, < '. li., Milli^t^■l• of FinaiKC.
Hon. I'ktkii Mitcjjei.i,. .Minister ,>l' Mariiu' ami Fislioilos.
T-I(i\. .\i.K\.\NiiEit Ca.mi'HKI.i., .Miiii.'itrr 111 llir IiitiTiiir.
Hon. II. I.. La.vokvin. C. B., Miiii.-stir u{ Publk' Winks.
Hon. .1. C. AiKINS, Setivtiiiy of State.
Hon. CiT.Mii.Ks Tiim'Kii, C. I!.. .Minister of Customs.
Hon. .Inns II. Pope, Minister of .Vfrrii ultnre.
Hon. .Iomn 0'CoN.Nr:i, Postniiistei- (ieneral.
Hiix. TiiKoDoiiE R^ililTAii.LK. R<>ec iver General.
Hon. T. N. (Imius. Minister of Inland Ijevenne.
Hon. Hi cm McDonald, Minister of Militia and Delen< c.

2. — The portfolio of Secretary of State for the
Provinces wtis not filled (the Department was
abolished by the Act of 1S73. „ ,. ,,,
creating the Department of the '^''"i''"'!'' Miaisiry.
Interior), and no other change's took place in
the Cabinet until the day of the resignation of
the Ministry — fifth of Nf)vember — when the
Hon. S. L. Tilley was appointed Liexitenant-
Governor of N.'w Brunswick ; and the Hon.
Hugh McDonald was appointed a.Iudge of the
Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. At the same
time Mr. John Crawford, member for West
Toronto, was ai>pointed Lieutenant-Governor of
Ontario, and a very larii-e number of other
appointments were made, which caused much
dissatisfaction amongst the inconiini>- party, but
most of the ajjpointees were undisturbed, and
only a few removed. On the seventh of Novem-

cc was IIou.
lose portlblio

Ministor of
if March the
f the Privy

Miiii.st(>r of
ay, tho lion,
for the Pro-
(rovernor of
ith of June,
Hon. Hugh
Council and
e Provinces
resj>ectively.
tier having
if portfolio's
liih left the

istcr of .Iii.stice,

sliL'iies.

ioi-.

•inks.

■ll'IKO.

tatc for the
trnent was

iriliuii ii! ihc
/it' .Ministry.

V place in

liiiatiou of

-when the

ieulenant-

thi" Hon.
iilge of the

the same

for West
overnor of

of other
sed much
party, but
uhed. and

f Novem-

(iOVERXMKNT OF TlIM KAHL OF DUFFKmN— IMMNt'll'AL KVKNTS oF IST.i.

U!l

ber, the new Mini.stry was sworn in and
appointed to oilice as I'ollows :

Ho.N. Ai.E.\A.\i>Eii Mai KK.NZiK, M. v., (intaiio, Minister of I'lilplir

Work.s, (I'rcniici).
Hd.v. A.VTiiiNE A. UoHiii.N, M. I'.. fjMi'l'ci-. .MiiiistiT of Justice.
Hon, EnwAiiD lii.AKK, II. 1' , Ontario, without portfolio.
Hon. Ar.iiKiiT .1. Sjurii, M. I'., NVw UriiiiHwick, Minister of Miiiiue

and FislHiies.
Ho.v. Lnc Letei.likk m: St. .lusr, iSLimtor. (Jiirliec, Miiii.stcr of

.Afiriciiltme.
IIo.v. IticiiAHi) .loiiN Cautwuk.iit, M. I'.. Ontario, .MiTiistur of

I'iniiiice.
Hon. David I.amid, M. I'.. I'liin c F.ilwarcl Island. MiiiisttT of the

Interior,
Hon. David Cmiiistik. Senator, Ontario. Sei retiiry of State.
Hon. Isaai- Bluckk, M. P., New Brunswiik. Minister of (.'ustoins.
Hon. DoNAt.o .\. MAei)ONAi,D. M, P.. Ontario, I'ostnmster-General .
I Hon. Thomas Coffin, M. 1'.. Nova Seoti.i, Utcoiver General.
j Hon. Tfei.Esi'iioiiK Koihnikii, XI. P., Qiiebee. Minister of Inland
I Revenne.

Hon. William Ross, M. P., Nova Scotia, Jlinister of Militia and

Defence.
Hon, Kiciiaiiii W, Scorr. Senator. Ontarin, without portfolio.

The portfolio of President of the Privy Coun-
cil was not filled until the 20th January, 1874,
when the Hon. L. S. Huntington was appointed.
A few days previously (on the 9th) the Hon.
David Christie was appointed Speaker of the
Senate, and the Hon. Iv. W. Scott took the port-
folio of Secretary of State. On the ;51st January,
Hon. Mr. IJlake resigned, so that the number of
Ministers was reduced to the usual number,
thirteen. The formation of the new Ministry
was somewhat severely criticised by the Con-
servative press, and the inconsistency of Mr.
Mackenzie, who had always opposed Coalitions
in taking Messrs. Coffin and Cartwright into
his Cabinet, was pointed out ; while it was also
thought strange that Mr. U. W. Scott, Commis-
sioner of Crown Lands in the Ontario Govern-
ment, ishould be called to the Senate and sworn
of the Privy Council, and still more singular
that Hon. Mr. lUake should accept a seat at the
Council, without portfolio, thereby increasing
the uiunber of Ministers to fourteen, while he
had always contended that the number of Min-
isters was too liu'tre, and should be reduced.
However, althouga there was some criticism,
there was little opposition, and all the new
Ministers who had to go to their constituents

for re-election were returned by acclamation,
with two exceptions.

3. — The fouith Annual Meeting of the
Dominion Board of Trade was opened at Ottawa,

on the 1,5th of January, repr.- ,, i,,,,,,, h,,,,,,, ,,f

sentatives from seventeen Boards '''"''■ ""' ''""•
of Trade being present.* Mr. Henry Fry, of
Quebec, was elected President and Mr. W. H.
Howland, of Toronto, Vice President. The
first discussion was on the tarilf qin'stiou,
I Mr. Morin, of Montreal, making a motion to the
I efl'ect that the time had come for ti revision of
; the taritl", and that it shoidd be so revised that
the duty should be taken off the prime neces-
saries of life ijnd raw materials, and a heavy
duty put on articles of luxury, or such articles
as enter into competition with our own pro-
ductions; but that such increase of duty should
not exceed the amount required for the public
service. Mr. Wilkes, of Toronto, olfered the
following resolution as a substitute : •' That this
Board, having considered the mode by which
the revenue is levied, believes that the time has
come when a revision of the sources of revenue
should be considered, and it recommends to the
Government such modifications of the duties on
such articles of dtiily liiod and clothing as will
reduce the cost of living to our popiUation,
thereby encouraging our industries ; and that a
revenue of at least one mill in the dollar be

•I'lio fiilliiwiiiK is 11 li.<t uf the doleitiitos ; —

MoNTUKvi. lioAiiii OK Tiiahk. .M(isi>. II. .Mi'l.eni ;, .lohn Kerry;
.\nilruiv Rubcrlson ; 1... E. .Moriii : Ilnn. .Inhii Voiini.'.

MoNTKKAi. CoKN KxeiiANoK. Me.-si>. M. P. Kyiiii : \V. W, OxiUio;
Thiiiniis White : R. S|in«it: 11. Ijibelle.

ToiioNTu UnAiii) or TuAiiK. Messr.-i. Rehert Wilkes: W. II. Ilowhiinl ;
.Jiihii .Merrisen: 'L'hniiiii^ Leo.

Ottawa Boaiu) of Tiimik. .Messrs, K. Mi'iollivriiy : 1-'. Cleiiiuw ;
Williiiia I'l'iiiKiek ; llmi. .Iiiiiics Skeiul.

(JiKiiKc- lioAKii "F TiiAiii;. Messrs. R. R, Duhfll ; Henry I"ry : X. Praser;
Juliii Heche,

•St. llvAci.sriiK IJoakii of Tuaiik. .Messrs. ,\nt"ine .Maynaril ; Luiii.«
Cote.

TliUKK RlVKIIS liOAIlll OF 'I'llAHK. II. .Mel)oill.'.lll K>||.

KiS'osrox I'oAiin ofTiiamk. Messrs. . Ii.liii I'arriithers; W. Ii. Siiniisun;
William lliirtv.

SoUKl. lioAlill OF TUAIlK. Ii. II. Ihillllley Ksii.

Wixiisoii lioAiiii OF TuAiiF. tiaiiies IIiiiikiiII Ksij.
IlvMIi.Toy lioAiiii OF TliAhF. Messrs. W. Mcilivcriii: S. K. lireuery.
liOMiov lioiiiii OK TiiAiiK. Messrs. .Idhn Walker; Tlininas 'fhniiijpseii.
St. .Ioiin's, (iiie. ISoakd of Tkadk Mcs.^rs. Charles Lioiu'ellicr : .l.iiiius
Mel'hcrson.
Halifax liovlili of Tiiahk. Mes.-rs, C. Thniiiipsun ; .luhii T. WiMe.
St. John N. I!.. Mes.«rs. T. R. .Junes ; .1. A. llar.linK ; R. ,S. lJe\ehcr.
Sthatfoiii) UoAiii) OF TiiAiiK. Thoiiias Daly, Ksij.
Lkhis UoahI) of Thaiik. ,1. II. Siniianns Es.i.

Ii I

l:it»

Tl ITI-KS lIlSToiiV Ol'TIIK hO.MlNloN ol' (AXA DA.

Ii'\ icd on the iiii;>V()\ o<l estates (»!' tlie couiilry
ill tiiiisideriitioii ol'tlieir proteclioii, ami increase
ill value; also that a small tax ho levied on
sawn lumber exported lo llie I'liited Slati's, and
an increased duty !)<■ levied on i>ro(>r spirits and
tobacco." Mr. imiach niov -d an amendment to
the ellect tiial the principle of incidental pro-
tection was a nouiid one, and that a return lo
the -JO tarill'ol' ISalt, with alterations to protect
manul'artures, would be beneiicial to the (•ountry, '
This amendment was neuatived It! voliiiLf I'orit,
and •>•! anainst. Mr. Walker, of London, moved
an amendment to the eli'ect that the Board was
in iavor of maintainiim' the 15 , tarili': and
that if the (iovernment needed mortM-evenue, it
should be raised I'roni articles of luxury ; " and
tiiat lliis Hoard is of opinion that i)ermanencoin
tlie iisca! i>olicy of the country is most important
to comniiM-ce and manufactures." After some ;
debate, Major Walker's amendment was carried
by 40 to it.

4.— (.)u the lilth. a discussion arose on the

motion of Mr. Kirby, of Potrolia. that the Excise

duty shotUd be taken oil" petro-

Dcuniiiimi l!o;it'il 111' , ., . ,,. ,, , .

Tr.i.i.-. .■;.con,i ,in.vv leuui. Major \\ aiker moved in
amendment, seconded by Mr. M.
r. Kyan, that no chana;e in the Excise duty on
petroleum l)e recommended, which was adojited
by -v) to IS, A resolution in favor of improving
the St. Lawrence canals was carried; and one in
favor of recommending improvements in Kinii'- i
ston harbor lost on division. Two resolutions
with reference to improvements in the harbor 1
at Quebei', and in favor of enlarging the Kiche-
lieu river navigation and canals were discussed,
bu' I'terwards withdrawn. A long discussion
toL.v place on a re.-iolution with reference to the
iial)ilities of common carriers, introduced l)y Mr.
\\. 11. Ilowland, of Toronto. The principal
point of the discussion was the signing of receipts
for giv(>n quantities, '' more or le.ss," and there
was a considerable ditteience of opinion as to
whether it w ould be in the interest of trade lo
have the existing system changed, on account
of the increased cost and loss of time which it
would involve. At the same time, it \vas felt
that merchants were, to a ureat extent, at the

mercy of the railways and other ','ommon car-
riers, as there was no means of compidling
them to pay for shorts when receipts were
signed 'more or less," allhouLili the deliciency
might iiave occurred throuu'h negligence while
the goods were in transit. J'^nally tht^ matter
was referred lo a si)ecial committee.

;■). — On the seventeenth a resohitiou was
introduced by the lion. John Young, and
carried, to the clfccl that as the ii..iMiiii.ii ii..Mivi"f

N, ,, , ,. ri. , I. ,1 Irhlc. riiiril Dii.vs'

alional hoard ol 1 radc ol the rnuiiMiiims.

United States, had instructed its Executive
Committee to memoralize ('oiii>ress in favor of
appointing a Commission on the subject of
Reciprocity, the Executive Committee of the
Dominion Board of Trade he instructed to
petition the Dominion Parliament to appoint a
similar Commission, Mr. Morin moved a reso-
lution ill favor of the Pacific Railway, to the
ellect that that portion of the line running on
the north shore of Lake Superior should not be
built at present, but the road to be completed
to the Sault Ste ^larie, and tliere connect with
the .\meri''an systimi, by means of a bridge
across the St. ^lary K'iver, a l)ranch line from
Winiiip(>g to Pembina, connecting the western
section, and then the road to be built from AVin-
nipeg to the Pacilic. Hon. John Young read a
very long and elal)orate i)ai>er on the advantages
of this route to the I'acilic, aiul on the means of
utilizing the "magnilicciit water stretches "' of
the North-west: after which Mr. Thomas White,
of Montreal, moved an amendment, to the elFect
that as the Board was not in jiossession of the
r(>ports of the exploratory survey, it did not feel
called on to exi)ress an opinion as to the route,
which was carried. Resolutions in favor of re-
st rictina- the carrying of deck-l)oards, of
protecting sailors from crimps, and for continu-
ing the Insolvency Law were carried. A
discussion took place on the question of recom-
mending the passage of an Act reqiiiring the
inspection of butter, cheese, &c., in the course
of which Mr. Morin said that Canadian butter
could only lie sold as urease in England. The
resolution was withdrawn. A resolution was
! adopted that the Government should be peti-

<iOVi;i;N.MK.\T or TMK I:AI!I- {)V DIFKKIMN— I'lilNCIl'AL KVKNTS OF 1-

421

' tioucd ill I'iivor ol" t'stiil)liishiim' tin- free delivery
syslein of letters in lowus iiiid citii's, iiiid lor the
rediicMioii of the postime im transient iiew.s-

' papers to oiu^ cent emh. Uosolutions were idso
cairied in iiivnr ol' direct telegraph eomiiiiuiiea-
tioii with linrope, and a wei'kly Canadian mail
]>)■ way (if New York. A resolution in linor ol'

j ri'p»'uliii,i>' the ten jx-r cent, tax oil lea iini>orted
from (he I'liited Slates was laid on the tahle;

; and after passiiii;- the usual votes of thanks to
retiriii<T olFicers, etc., the lioard adjourned.

0. — The year ]8T-i was a disastrous one gen-
erally for ve.ss(>ls trading' to Canada ; but tlu^
one lireal disaster of the; vear

WllM-k iif .--. 1 • i r Till'

Miiriiii." winch lar surpassed all others in

M.-> liv

■ losr.

exti'iit was the wreck of the
Steamer "Atlantic" of the White Star Line, on
Meaiiher's Island, in the County of Ilalilax,
Nova Scotia, at a ([uarter i)ast three o'clock on
the morniui^ of tlie lirst of April, by which 54;')
persons lost their lives. The "Atlantic " was a
mas>'niliient iron vessel 3,700 tons measurement,
4L'0feet length, 4(1 iMOths breadth; :!] feet depth,
(deiiiinlly finished, and considered one of the
linest steamers crossin<>' the Atlantic. She left
Liverpool on the 20lh of March, and Queenstown
on the 21st for New York, in command of
Captain James A. Williams, having on board
■Mi cabin, and 87(1 steerage passengers, and a
crew of 14L making i. total ol Ooi' souls on
board, amongst whom were upwards of .'150
women and children. The ship had fair weather
\uitil the 2Cth of March, when she encountered
a heavy- gale which lasted three days, and
greatly impeded her progress. On the 3Lst,
while still 4(i0 miles from Sandy Hook, Captain
Williams discovered that he had only 127 tons
of coal left, or barely enough for thirty-six hours
consumption.* At this time, according to his
reckoning, he was 170 miles from Sambro Light,
and he thoui>ht it most pnident to change his
course and make for Halifax to get a fresh
supply of coal. At one o'clock p.m., on the .31st

'U WiH ."liown iit till' iiivi'sliKiiliiin wliirli tcM.k iiImoc tliat the vos.''el
left Li\crp(iol with U'.-^s tliitri (liirtccn diiysstiiiply of coal, whit'li wu..' ooii.**!-
ilercil ;ilto«etlK'r itiinli'tiunli' lor » trip :^c^os.^ tlu' .Atliititic jit tliat purioil
of the yciir whun voynite." ari' frc'iiieiilly si'vi'iitoon il:cy.-< iiuil more.

the vessel's course was chtmged. and at ;!.I")
a.m., on the morning;' of the lirst of Ai)ril she
ran, bow on, upon a rock about lifty yards
distant from Meagher's IslaiuL Iler bow re-
mained fast, but hi-r stern swung round to the
eastwiird, and in ti few minutes the ves.std
turned over on her side, her deck facing sea-
wards and beinii' almost perpendiculiir with the
water. Hundreds of the unfortunnte i)assengers
had hurried on deck immediately after the ves.sel
struck, and numbers of these were s\vei)t into
the sea l)y the keelinu' over of the vessel and
drowned. A number m;in;iiied to cling on to
the side which was uppermost and uain the
riggina', from whi<;h the majority of them were
afterwards rescued, but so sudden wtis the
disaster th;it hundreds were drowned in their
l)erths, and it is a melancholy fact that out of
one hundred and lllty women and nearly two
hundred cliildren only one boy — .Tolin Heiidely,
eight yeiirs old — was stived. Shortly after the
vessel struik .some of the f)liicers managed to
pass a rope to the rock and some of the crew
and passenii'ers made theii' way alonii- it, and
were afterwards rescued from the rock by the
people of Meagher's Island, but tilmost sis many
were drowned in trvinu to reach the rock as
were sa\ed, and nutubers became niiiii.ied by
the cold wind and pray while clinging to the
rio-oing and droi>ped into the sea. An investi-
gation was held, when it was .shown that Captain
Williams was considerid)ly out in his reckoning,
and great carelessness was exliibited by the fact
that Sambro Light had not been siiihted, al-
though the night was line and it could have
been seen from the spot when the vessel struck.
The certilicate of the Captain was sirspended
for two years, and that of the fourth (jllicer,
Ihown, who was in charge at the timt> of the
accident, for three months; but the greatest
indiunation was felt at the nigaardness of the
Comi)any, which by sendiim' the vessel U) sea
so shortly supplied had rendered a change of
her course necessary, and, so exposed her to a
danger she would otherwise have escaped.

7. — The total number of casualties reported
to the Department of Marine and Fisheries for

ilji

..iiiil^

422

TITTF-K'S IIISTOUY 01' TlIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

Illliir 111:1111
ili^ii-hT-.

loss oi' 7s|t iivos, ami piupcrty to
thi' viiliu' oi' 8 -,'>^''>-i>s;!, but these n'tiiins arc by
110 luciiiis coijiplt'ti', iind tlii^ loss, t'spcriiiUy ol'
lilt', was probaHy much greater. Amoiii>' the
inost serious disvsters was the loss of the steamer
G'vori^e S. W'riiii'.l. (hu'iiiL>' a snow slorm in Janu-
ary, in Queen Charlotte Sound, 1). ('., while on
her way I'rom Orenou to Sitka, by wliieh all
hands, :!i) in number, were lost. What was
almost a repetition ot the Al/iintir iiorror ot -
curred about mid-day on the 5th of July, when
the steam.sliip City nf Wnshiiiiiion, I'.sTO tons, ol'
the Inman Line, on her way irom Liverpool
to New-York, with -Jit cabin, and 442 steerage
passengers, and a crew ol' !•!!, went ashore on the
reel's oU' little Point Ebert, Shelbiirne County,
N.S.. and bciime a total wreck. l''ortunately,
tlie accident occurred in broad day-light, in
smooth water, and near the main laiul. so that
all lumds were lauded safely. The vessel
and cargo, however, valued at nearly !$.^00,000
became a total loss. Tho A'essel had been in a
i'og I'or nine days, and the compass had deviated
considerably, which accounted lor the accident.
but the nujster's certilicatc was suspended for a
year on account oi' liis having neglected to take
soundings when crossing the Banks of New-
foundland. Amongst tho other los!'( were the
barque Comviissinner, from. Pictou to Bermuda
with a load of coal, ten lives lost ; the liarque
James W. El well, of St. John, N.B., burned at sea,
ten lives lost ; barque Thornhill, from (Juebec to
Liverpool, stranded on Manicouagan Shoals,
17 lives lost ; steamer Pictou, from Quebec for
Pictou, N S., burned in the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
20 lives lost. On the 24th and 25th of August,
a very heavy gale raged along the coast of Nova
Scotia and Cape Breton, and throughout the
Qulf of the St. Lawrence, and a large number
of small coasting vessels were driven ashore,
fifteen were total wrecks, and nearly one hundred
lives were lost.

8. — The loss of life and property on the
inland waters of thi> Dominion was not .so heavy
Tiurnin.ur.he '^^ iu provious yoars, the only

very serious loss of life being

' ItaviU'iiin.

occasioned by the burning of tlio steamer
H(inirian,ot' the Caiuulian Navigation Comi)any,
about eight o'clock on the evening of the 5th ot
November, nearly opposite Whitby lighthouse
on Lake Ontario, while al)Out twelve miles from
sliore. The lidvariiia was a new vessel which
only commenced runniii'' in the Spring of 1873,
but her engine and walking beam were old,
having been used in thi' Kiii'jcston for about
eighteen years and taken from that ve.s.sel after
she was })urned in 1872. The Bnvitrian was an
iron j)ad«lle-wheel steamer, 427 tons, and left
Toronto at 5 p.m. on the evening of the 5th of
Novt'mber, havinu' a crew of thirty-four and six
passengers, three ladies, two gentlemen and a
})oy. She had a i'ull cargo, amongst which was
some t\venty barrels of high-wines. After she
had proceeded about thirty miles, the walk-
ing beam })roke and part of the machinery
in falling stove in the l)arrels of high-wines,
and the contents running into the furmxces at
once caused an imnu'use conllaiiration. The
greatest panic thereon ensued ; and although
there were three boats c ipable of holding twice
as many persons as there were on board, and
the vessel had upwards of 200 life preservers,
the panic was , so great that just one halfoftho.se
on b' ard perished. The pilot seized the life
boat, capable of holding thirty per.sons, and
with a crew of six and two passengers pulled
for tho shore ; the first officer got thirtei-ii into
a boat capable of holding twenty-live and also
pulled away, leaving three ladies standing 011
the deck praying to be saved ; the Ca))tain
jumped overboard and tried to save himself on
a pail-rack, but was drowned. Of the six
pa.ssengers four were lost, three being ladies ;
and sixteen of the crew. With anything like
the commonest order and presence of mind
every soul on board could have Ijcen saved
easily, as the night was calm and fine, the boat
accomodotion ample, and the shore not far
distant. Another accident which might have
proved very disastrous, on account of the
cowardly conduct of the Captain, was the
grounding of the steamer Louis Renaiid in the
Lachine Rapids, near Heron Island, on the

(loVKI.'NMKNT ol" TIIK KAI!I, ol' Drn'KlilX— Pl.'INCl I'A I. KVKNTS Ol" is;

r.'.i

Firua.

eveiiiim' ol' tho 12th ol' Miiy. There were
about 150 pas!seiiiiers, iiichuliiii? many women
and children, on l>oard, and a crew of twenty-
seven, but all were saH^ly landed on Heron
Islaiul. In this case also the olfleers behaved
very badly, the I'liptnin, John Rankin, sei/ing
the life boat the moment the vi'ssel struck, and,
with only four persons in il, althoutih it would
hold twenty, nuiking for shore — from which he
took good care not to return. Thanks to the
exertions oi some of the passengers all were
safely landed, but the vessel aiul eariio y)eciime
a total wreck.

!>. — The year 1h7;} was not dislintiuished by
a large numl)er of destructive conllaii'ations.
but some of the lires which
occurred were very extensive, and
involved considerable loss of life and property.
Amonu'st the most important was the burning
of tho Court House at Quebec, on the morning
of the 2iul of February, whereby an immense
quantity of title deeds and other leijal docii-
men^s, tou'ether with many valuable records of
the Colony from its foundation were destroyed.
In the building were the Appeal, Superior,
Circuit, Vice Admiralty, Quarter Sessions and
Police Courts ; and the Crown, Stamp, Sheriff's,
Registrar's and other offices, and the Advocate's
Library, considered the most valuable in the
Province, all of which were consumed by the
llam-'s. The pecuniary loss was con.->iderable,
but the loss and inconvenience caixsed by the
destruction of so many valuable documents
was much greater. On the -^Ist of January,
the Branch of the Bank of British North
America at Renfrew, Out., and several adjoining
buildings were burnt and three persons lost their
lives. On the 17th of March, a lire occurred in
the St James" Hotel, Montreal, doing damage to
the extent of $20,000 , and five persons were
either .sullbcated or killed in jumping from the
windows of the l)urning building. On the 6th
of May, twenty-seven tenement houses at Cote
St. Autoine, near ^lontreal, were burned, and
nearly one hundred families rendered home-
less. Bush fires raged in the Ottawa district
towards the end of June, but were not as

extensive or destructive as in former years.

10. — During the time of the excitement iiboul

the '• Pacific Scandal, " while everything- the

fiH' fr.|.« .Mii.'.i M ^'••vernment did was viewed

'"'"'''■ with susjiicion, and, if possible

turned to their disinh aiitagc by the ( ti)p()sition
press, an oecurri'iice look place which caused
much comment al the time, and very nearly led
to the condemnation of an innocent man on the
evidence of two American " Experts" in haiid-
writin<>-. The ollice of Flour Inspei tor at the
j)ort ol' Montreal had for som(> yciirs been held
by Hon. John Vouii'u'. \\ iio held his appointment
from the IJoard of Tracb', and who was paid by
fees. During the session of IST:',, a general
Inspection Act was passed which vested the
appointment of all liispectors in the hands of
the Governor-in-Council^tlie Flour Inspector
at Montreal Iteinii' appointed on the reiommen-
dation of the Board of Tradi-. Hon Mr. Young
represented West Montreal in the House of
Commons, and it was held that his retention of
the olfice of Flour Inspector — which had been
recommended l)y the Board of Trade — would
l)e an infringement of the Independence of Par-
liament Act, which excludes any member of the
House of Commons from holdinii- any olhce of
profit or emolument in the gift of the Dominion
Government. Mr. Younir's friends tried to
raise the cry that he was threat(Hietl with dis-
mis.sal because he supported tlie Opj)ositi()n, and
that his being a Member and Flour Inspector
at the same time, was not an iul'rini^'ement of
the Act l)ecause he received no salary, but was
paid in fees by the parties whosi' gooif.s he
in.spi'cted. The nuitter liad already attracted
considerable atteraion when, on the 4th of Sep-
tember, tlie followiim- letter — witli displav
heading, and Editorial comments as to the
•'corruption" it showed — ai)peared in thi-
Montreal Ilernid :

Ottawa, 1st September, 187^1
My Dii:.vR Pope,

I want you, l^el'ore we take any steps about
John Young's appointment, to see a])out the
selection of our candidate for West Montreal,

. t.

JiM\

TITTIiK'S IIISTOIJV Ol" TIIK HoMINloN ol' C.WAhA.

From till I Clin It'iini Willi;nii Woikiimn would
run tl»c Ill's). Hi' will vriv liki-ly ohji'rt, hut,
if ho is the IicnI innii, you oauoasily hint to him,
that ir hi' runs lor West Montri'iil, mul carries
it, \v»' will considiT ihnt he Ims w <'l:iim to iin
»'arly seat in the Si'iiato. This is I hi' i^rcat
ol)j»>ct ol" hi-s aiuliition.

I don't think wo should taki' any stops ahout
lilliny ui> the appointmont until wo havo our
oandidato ready and all competitors out ol' tho
liold. Thoro will ho snuu' dillieulty in uetting
A. A. Stovensnii to ronsi'ut, hut I supi)oso it can
bo dono. Will you seo to this at onco :" If our
candidate is ready, then wo must take tho
iii'cossary stops to procure Young's resigiiiitidu,
which, I am pretty sure, ho will send in when
he llnds that, it' ho does not do so, we will
appoint aiu)thor Inspector.

Yours sincerely,
(Signed,) JOIIX A. MACDOXALD.

The publication oi' this letter caii.sed much
excitement. The ( )ppositiou press claimed that
it disclosed an attempt on the part of thi?
Ministry to coerce a political opponent into
resignini>- his .seat, aiul the iutontion of making
a corrupt bargain with a friend, by promising
hiui a Senatorship, to induce him to spend
money to secure his election. On the other
hand, tho Ministerial pre.ss was loud in its
denunciations of tho Oppo.sition for "Stealing''
and publishing private correspondence. An
invesiiaation into th(> manner of tho letter
coming into the possession of tho piabli.shors of
tho Herald was opened bofoi'o Police Magistrate
IJrehaut, on the fifth, and Hon. Mr. Young,
Mr. E. a. Penny, Editor of the Herald, and
others examined. From tho evidence it
appeared that the letter was addressed to
the Hon. J. H. Pope, Minister of Agriculture,
and mailed in Ottawa by Sir John A. Mac-
donald's Private Secretary, on tho niu'ht of tho
1st of September, that it reached Montreal on
the 2nd, and was seen iu the Post Office
by one of the clerks, but none of the clerks
ri'membored delivering it. or knew what had
l)ocome of it. Hon. John Young deposed that
on taking his letters out of his box at tho Post

Office, on tho .'rd, he fouiul an envelope
addressed to him, on oponinii' which ho found
the letter, without an envelope, and around it
was a slip of paper bearinii' the words "For-
warded by a friend for information of Hon. Mr.
Y'ounii. " He knew nothing of how it canu> to
bo in his box, or who sent it to him ; f)ut, after
a consultation of tho leaders of the ()i>position
had l)een held, it had lieen decided to publish
it. Susiiicion, of course, fell on the Post Oilice
clerks, but nothing further was discovered at
this time, and tho eiKjuiry droi)ped. Al'ter tho
accession of the Mackenzie Administration
to power, a Commission was ajipointed,
consisting of Messrs. ])ewe, Parmalee and
Mereior, to examine into the management of
the Montreal Post Oilice, and tho investigation
into the nuitter of the Popo-Macdoiudd letter
was resumed. Tho (jUestion of haiulwriting
was gone into very fully aiul every clerk in the
office was made to copy the envelope and slip
into a book, which. l)Ook, with tho envelope and
sliji, was sul)mitted to Messrs. Paine and
Uncb'rwood, two Anu^rican Exports, who soon
discovered that tho handwritinu' on the slip
and onv 'ope agreed with that of ^Ir. T. L.
Palmer, ("liiof Clerk in tho Delivery f)ranch,
Mr. Paine going so far as to swear positively
that the slip and envelope were written by
Palmer. Palmer was susjionded, and would
have boon dismissed and disgraced, had not
the real culprit been forced by a friend to
whom ho had confided his secret, to confess
his oil'enco and save an ii...ocont victim. It
then appeared that the loiter on its arrival in
Montreal had been sorted by mistake into the
box of tho Militia Department, of which
Colonel Pope was Storokivpor ; that a mes-
senger named Boyes employed in the Depart-
ment went for the mail, and finding this letter
opened it, road it, and forwarded it to tho Hon.
John Young, lloyes sent his confession in
writing to the Commission, and put them in
possession of collateral evidence to prove his
assertion, and loft for the United States before
any action could bo taken aii-ainst him.

11. — About one o'clock in the afternoon of

nil t'livt'lopo
lifti hi- loiiiul
11(1 iirotiiul it

words " For-
i of lion. Mr.
)\v it CD me to
in ; l)ut, a Iter
10 OpiJosition
'd to puMish
It' Tost {)(Ii.-e
li.srovorcd at
il. Al'icr till!
lininistriitioii
appointed,
irrnalt'c and
nat^cmont ol'
investii^ation
lonald let tor
handwritiiiaf
{ clork in tho
lopo and slip
^nvolopo and

Paijio and
[■•<, wlio soon
on tho slip
f Mr. J. L.
ory hranch,
► v^positivoly

wrilton })y

and would

d, had not
I'riond to
to confoss

victim. It
irrival in

IvO into tho
of which

at a mi's-

ho Dopart-
thi.s lottor

tho Hon.

if.

'ssion

thorn

prove

his

o.s before

rnoon

GOVKRNMKNT OF EARt; DrPFRRIN— FIRST HKSSION THIRD PARLTA-NfFXT, 1«7». JlT)

the lyth of May, one of tho most torril)le <ol-
oth«rev.nt.of "ery a.cidouts which has ever
""*"'"'• o.'curred in Canada took place in

the Drummond Mine at Wo ,tvillo, N S., whorohy
seventy miners were killed. The accident was
caused l)y a minor using i)owder for blastinjj;,
which was contrary to orders. Tho blast fired
the mine and nearly all who were in it at the
time perished. Fortunately it was al)out tho
men's dinner hour and most of them were above
ground, or the loss would have boon lounted l)y
hundreds. On tho 20th of May, Canada lost
one of her foremost statesmen ))y the death in
London of Sir George 1"]. Cartier, who had,
probably, done more to oon.solidato p'ronch Con-
servative power ui Lower Canada than any
other one man, and who had for many years
kept tho Con.sorvative party in imwor in the old
Province of Canada, and afterwards in the
Dominion. Parliament being in session at the
time a resolution was rarriod to give his remains
a public funeral. Tho l»ody was l)rought over
in the Allan Steamer Prussian, and transl'erred
at Quebec to the Government Steamer Dtvid,
on which a Chapel/e Ardente had been erected,
and conveyed to Montreal, whore it laid in state
in the Coixrt House and was afterwards interred
in Cote des Neiges Cemetery. On tho 31st May,
the Hon. Joseph Howe, who had only a mouth
previously been appointed Lieutenant-Governor
of Nova Scotia, died at Halifax. During the
summer His Excellency visited the Maritime
Provinces and was everywhere warmly received
— except in Halifax, where his reception w^as
rather a failure ; and he greatly added to his
fast growing popularity by delivering many of
those happy speeches lor which he has since
become famous. The year, on the whole, was a
fair but not a very prosperous one for Canada ;
crops were not above an average ; business
began to show signs of slackening, and we had
indeed entered upon that cycle of "Hard Times'
in which we have since continued.

CHAPTEIl XLL

fiOVHRX.MHXT OFTIIH KAItL oF Dl'FFKIMN—
FIRS'!" .Si:ssi().\ THIRD I'ARMA.MHNT, i^Tt.

1. Dissolution of Pauu.v.ment. — 2. Result
oFTiiE Gk.veii.vl Election.— 3. Opk.vi.vo ok
P.uiLi.v.MENT. — 4. Kiel's election kou Puo-
VE.NcjiER.— 5. Motion to expel Rikl. — 6.
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie explains the
POSITION OK the Govewnment. Kiel
expelled. — 7. Sale ok LKiUou in the
House puoiiihited — H. Com.mittee on the

NoUTH-WeST TIIOUHLES, 18()!I-7(V — !>. TlIE

BuDQET.— ^0 Hon. Dk. Tuppeu's strkti'kes

ON the i .NANflAL ST.VTEMENT. — 11. TUE

Electiok Till.

1. — It was only mittiral to suppose that Mr.
Mackenzie Would take an early opportunity of
appealing to the .ountry, and, „i,,„|„n„„ „,•
accordingly, Parliament was i'">-ii">»^''"-
dissolved on 2nd January, 1874, and writs for
a General Election issued. Tho Opposition press
was very irate at the dissolution, calling it '• Tho
Outrage," &c., but it is hard to conceive how
Mr. Mackenzie could have done otherwise under
the circumstances under which his party had
suceeded to power. One of the main charges
against the Macdonald Administration was that
it had corrupted a large portion of the electors,
and that upwards of thirty of its supporters
had " bought their way to Parliament with Sir
Hugh Allan's money ;" if this was true it was
important that the independent electors in
those constituencies should have an opportunity
of returning other persons instead of these
corruptly elected members. Again, the people
had a right to pronounce on the Macdonald
Admhiistration that judgment w^hich the Royal
Commission had declined to give, and which
had been evaded in Parliament by their
resignation. I'ublic confidence could not be
expected in any Government, after the events
of the past few months, without an appeal to
the people ; and Mr. Mackenzie showed that he
appreciated this fact by advising that appeal.

ill

\ \i\

'i!

^iti

iil'l'i

,-li i

-Hid

TITTLH'S llISTOliY OF TIIK DO.MIXIOX OF CAXADA.

2. — Mr. Mackenzie may be said Id have
appealed to the coiuitry almost without a poliey,

Klfl'linll.

except that of a coudemuation of
the Paeilic Seandal. On other j
lioiiits he was uuarded, and made few promises, j
With rep-iird to the, raeilic Railway the policy of
the new Clovernnient would he that I'aith would
not ho kept with British Columbia, but that
the road should be built as soon as the finances !
of the country would permit of it, and after
full surveys had been made. Meanwhile the
Government proposed to utilize " the magni-
licent water stretches" of the c<mntry and have
a route part land and part water whieh could
only be used half of the year. On other
questions, the introduction of the ballot, creation ,
of a Supreme Court, iS:c., he followed the old
measures oi t!ie late Uover)inient. The string
harped on thnnighout the canii)aigu was the
enormity of the rvime committed by the \
Macdonald Administration in selling the Charter
'; (he J'acillc IJailway, and that proved suflicient,
lor the result gave Mr. Mackenzie a majority of
ihout 80 out of a House of 'JOG, being stronger
I than the Macdonald Administration had been
after the (reneral l']lecti<m of 1807. The Con-
servative party received a defeat such as its
greatest opponents had not anticijiated, and
from which they expe<ted it wcmld never
recover — an erroneous belii'f from which they !
were rudely awakened by the General Election
ot ITth Sepl ember, 1878. '

;3. — rarliament met on the 2Gth Mari'h, and
the Hon. T. W. Anglin was unanimously elected
oiuMiiniriif Speaker of the Commons. On

i'"'"""""'- the following day the iirst session

of the third Parliament of the Dominion was
formailv opened by His Excellen<y the (Sov-
ernor-(jei!eral. In the Speoih from the Throne,
His Exiellency announced that an Election Law
would be introduced, providing for the use of
the ballot. Acts relatinn' to Controverted
Ele( tions ; lo the estal)lishment of a Supreme
Court; to the Milii' i, and to Insolvency were
promised, as well as m new I'acilic Railway
IJill. With regard to the Intercolonial it was
.'iji.founced tlial it would be taken out of fhe

hands of the Commissioners aiul vested in the
Department of Public Works, lieference was
made to the re-opening of negotiations with
the United States on the subject of lleciprocity,
and the appointment of a Canadian Commis-
sioner.* With regard to the Finances of the
Dominion he said: '• I regret to state that the
receipts of the current year will not ]n' sulhcient
to meet the expenditure. It will therefore be
necessary for you to eonsider the best means to
be adopted, for making good the antii.'ipated
deficiency."' On tht; thirteenth, the 'Address
in reply to the Speech from the Throne was
moved in the Senate by Hon. E. (J. Penny,
seconded by Hon. M. Panet ; and in the House
by Mr. Moss, (West Toronto), seconded by Mr.
W. Laurier, (Drummond and Arlhabaska). In
both Houses the Address was adopted without
amendment.

4. — At the General Election of 1872, Louis
Riel, the ex-" President " of the Provisional
Government in the North-West |[i,,|',<,,i,,,.|i„„ r,„
in 18(.;0-70, and since then a i''"^'"'!'^'-
fugitive from justice on account of the murder
of Scott, was a candidate for Proveinher, but
retired in favor of Sir George E. Cartier on that
gentleman's defeat in Montreal East. After Sir
George'sdeath K'iel was returned lor Provencher,
but did not attempt to take his seat. At the
General Eh'ction 1874 he was again elected,
and there were much speculation as to whether
he would dare to take his seat, and what course
the Government would pursue if he did. The
excitement had, howi'ver, nearly died out, when,
on the oOth of March the news was telegraphed
from Ottawa all over the country that Louis
Riel had appeared before Mr. Patrick, Clerk of
the H(mse of Commons, taken the Oath of ollice,
and siiiiied the roll of the House. The report
was true. Riel reached Ottawa privately, was
introduced to the Clerk of the House by Dr.
Fiset, the Liberal rei>resentative for U'imouski,
took the Oath, sinned the roll, and departed as
safely and quietly as he came. It is said that
he remained (|uile some time in Ottawa with

■ II I

I'l.sCWlKTt'.

'iri;i' llriiwn, nl' wh"

ini>-it'ri lu Wn-liiiii-'ti'ii wo (iT;it

'slud in the

(lOVKnXMKNT ()!•' KARI, DUPKKHIX— IMJJST SHSSION TlllKD I'A Hl.l AM KNT, ISTI.

127

MlplicinlH I'Npcl liirl.

his I'litMuIs, but kept vt-ry <niiot iiiul liis pvcstMice
caused no distiiibancc.

5. — ()u Iho Wiimc day (hat iiicl .si<>u(>d the roll,
80th March, Mr. Miickcii/ic Bowcll madt> Iwo
niotioiis ill the House, one I'or
the attendance oi' the (.'lork ol'
the Crown in Chancery to provt» that Riel had
been returned as duly elected lor Provencher ;
and the other I'or the appearance at the bar ol'
the House ol" Hon. 11. .1. Clarke, Attorney-
General ol' Manitoba, to prove that the (J rand
Jury oi' Manitoba had found a True Bill of
murder asiainst Kiel, and that he was a I'uuitive
I'rom justice. Hon. Mr. Clarke was examined
at great length at the bar ol' the Houst', and
showed that a Bench-warrant for Kiel's arrest
had been issued, liut he had not been arrested.
On the !lth of April Mr. Mackenzie Bowell
gave notice of a motion to expel Kiel as a
fugitive from justice; and, on the lilth, he
made his motion for expidsion. lion. Mr. Holton
proposed an ameudnu'iU to the ell'ect that as the
House had ajipointed a Committee of investiga-
tion into the troubles in the North-M'est in
lH(j',l-70, action should be susi)ended until
that Committee should report. Mr. Mousseau
moved an amendment to the amendment to
the ellect that it wc^ld be most coiidm ive
to the jieace and tranquility of the Dominion
that an Address should bi' i)res(>nted to
Her Majesty praying for a geiu'ral amnesty for
all oil'eiices committed in the North-West in
18t!9-70.

6. — Messrs. Mousseau and Baby, spoke in
favor of amnesty ; and Messrs. Kochesler, Orton.
ii„„ .M,., .M„..k,.n.i.. (iordon.White.(Hastiiigs),\Vhite,

:;i";i,:;"u:,v;:rno;:;:' (Kentvew), Davies. wri-ht, (Tou-

Kiei L..xi...ik.,i. ,j,^,.j .^„,| rickard, in favcr of

expulsion. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie said that the
Grovernment liad to face the question, and he
desired to state (hat he sh(mld vote for the
motion of his lion, friend opposite (Mr. Bowell)
and against (he amendment of his hon. frit'iul
sitting by him (Hon. Mr. Holton) and he did
this simply because he thouyht it right to come
to the point directly, and biMause Louis Kiel
was a fuuitive from justice, and ouiilit to be

placed where he would lie tried for the otrence

with which he was charued. He was aware

that many of his friends regarded Kiel's crime —

if it was a crime — as a political one, and were

not disposed to view it in any graver liulit, and

he could understand why they should do sq

He was willing to admit that the peoi)le of the

North- West had suH'ered mu( h aniioyanct* and

injustice when (heir territory was taken jios-

session of by tlie Dominion Authorities. That

(he peojile should have i'or a moment lost control

of their passions under the circumsiances, and

entered upon a course which was entirely un-

I jusiiliable wasnotmuch to be woiuleied at. He

I was prepared i'or these reasons to take a lenient

I view of the cases of nearly all ol them, and in

( regard to the (juesdon of amnesty he had no

j hesitation in saying that he did not see the

slightest t)bjection (o one being granted which

I would cover all the polidcal olFenses committed

j upon that occasittn. Tiio debate was continued

I by Messrs. J. H. Cameron, M. C. Cameron, Dr.

I Schultz, D. A.Sinith, Hon. Mr. Blake and others.

I and adjourned to the Idth, when a vote was

taken on Mr. Mousseau's amendment to (lie

amendni(>iit. which was lost, -II for. lill against.

Hon. Mr. Ilohon's amendment was ilieii lost. Tii

for, 117 against. The motion of Mr. Ma<keiizie

Bowell for expulsion was then carried, Yeas,

1'24; Mays, ('.8.

7. — The Temperance movement had been
gaining great strength in Canada of late years.
and had found exi)re.ssioii in tiie ^. , ,. ,. . ,,

* >:y\f III lii|iiiir III the

House by numerous petitions in 'i"""''i""i'i''ii''i
favor of a Prohibitory law : but it was felt that
if Parliament really wished to reform the
drinking habits of the peojile. example would
be far better than precept, and it should (Jiii-
mt>nce its good work by aliolishing (lie bar
within its own precincts ; accordinu'ly, Mr.
Chisholm moved, on (he ls( of April. "That
Mr. Speaker lie recjuested to issvu' an order
prohibiting the sale of intoxicating li((Uor within
the piHH'iiicts of tills House." After some
discussion the motion was adojited.

8. — Th(^ question as lo wlu'ther an amnesty
had ever been promised by the late Crovernment

^..w'-'*«^

Si ill

21' i

I 11

428

TUTTLE'S HISTORY OF THE DO^^ITNION OF CANADA.

to thoso who had participatod in

rmmnittpc nil the , -r> i t-« • ti i ii- p

Xnrih-weyi irmiMes the Ked luvor Kebolliou OI

isi;!i-7ii,

18(;0-70, had bcon attracting- a
great deal of attontioii of lato. Archbishop
Tache had published a pamphlet in which he
fully ('xi>lained his reasons for stating — as he
had always done — that a general amnesty had
been promised, at the time the aelegates came
to Ottawa, in 1S70, and afterwards ; and the
French Li1)erals of Quebec began to press Hon.
Mr. Mackenzie pretty hard on the amnesty
qiiestion. This was a hard matter for him to deal
with, for the Liberal party had gained so much
si;pport in Ontario l)y pandering to the Orange
sentiment, and had worked so successfully
on the cry for vengeance for the murder of Seott,
that it would have been almost a death-blow to
him to have boldly declared himself in favor of
a general amnesty, and a forgetfuluess of old
scores. On the other hand the Quebec members
were very earnest in their efforts to obtain
amnesty for their co-religionists and compatriots
in the North West ; and they found a very able
advocate in the Minister of Justii e, Hon. A. A.
Dorion. The difficulty was a serious one ; and
Mr. Mackenzie met it with characteristic caiition.
He would not pledge himself on the question
of amuest\ ; but intimated that if the honor of
the Crown was involved by any promise of
amnesty given by the late Administration, the
G-overnment would take the matter into
consideration. To discover whether any promise
had been made, or not, Mr. D. A. Smith (Selkirk),
on the 1st of April, moved, " That a select
Committee of nine members be appointed to
enquire into the causes of the difficulties which
existed in the North-West in lH(i9 and 1870,
and into those which have retarded the granting
of the amnesty announced in the Proclamation
issued by the late (.rovernor-General of Canada,
Sir John Young; and further to enquire
whether, and to what extent, other promises of
amnesty have been sini'e made ; with power to
send for persons, papers and records." After a
short discussion the motion was carried, and
the following Committee apiminted : Messrs.
Smith (Selkirk), Cameron (Cardwell), Bowell,

The liiiJget-

Abbott, Blake, Moss, GeofFrion, Masson and
Jones (Halifax.)

0. — On the 9th of April, the Estimates were
brought down, and on the 14th, Hon. Mr. Cart-
wright, Minister of Finance,
made his Ikiduet Speech. He
commenced by stating that the Oovernment of
which he was a member was quite willing to
assume full responsibility for all their own acts,
but could not be exp.ected to assume, and would
not assume, responsibility for the acts of their
predei-essors. He then proceeded to show that
the acts of those predecessors had placed the
country in a very embarras.sing p> -Hion by the
great increase in expenditures which had taken
place under their rule, and by the very heavy
liabilities in the fiiture to which they had
pledged the country ; and argued that the pre-
sent Administration found itself compelled to
increase taxation in order to meet the obligations
which had been incurred by their predecessors.
With regard to the fiscal year ending 30th June,
1873, the receipts were $ 20,81 8,4'69 and the
expenditures $19,174,047, showing a surplus of
$1,038,822. which was highly satisfactory; but
for the year ending 30th June, 1874, he antici-
pated a deficit of nearly $3,000,000 which it
would be necessary for Parliament to provide
for. by incveased taxation. The estimated
receipts for that year, according to the statament
of the late Finance Minister, were $21,740,400
and the estimated expenditures $22,580,727,
showing a deficit of $940,727; but he (Mr.
Cartwright) claimed that there were many
important items of expenditure incitrred by the
late Administration, which were not included
in that |22,;'i80,727, and which would hicrea.se
the expi'iuiiture for the year 1873-4 to about
$24,100,000. Amongst these items were, $400,-
000 for the expenses of Prince Edward Island ;
$200,000 for the preservation of peace in the
North- West ; $200,000 for the general election ;
$400,000 additional expenditure on public
works; $100,000 for surveys of Dominion lands ;
$17'),000 additional for the Post Office; and
$1 ')0,000 for miscellaneous charges. With regard
to the estimates for the year 1874-5, the sum

Masson and

;imates were
m. Mr. Cart-

le Budget-

ireriiment of
e willing- to
I'ir own acts,
^ and would
lets of their

.show that
placed the

'tion by the
h had taken
very heaA'y
h. they had
hat the pre-
ampelled to
'■ obligations
iredeeessors.
: 30th June,
39 and the

1 surplus of
ictory; but
I, he antiei-
• which it
to provide

estimated
' statament
21,740,400
22,,58(J,727,
ixt he (Mr.
ere many
red by the
t included
d increase
i to about
ere, $400,-
rd Island ;
ice in the

election ;
)n ])ublic
ion lands ;
IFue ; and
ith regard
the .sum

GOVKRXMENT OK EARL DUPFEIITN— FIRST SHSSIOX TIIIUD I'ARMA.MKNT, 1874. 420

required would be ab^iut $42,000,000, of which
$;"), 530,000 was required to jiay maturing' bonds,
and $6 'J00,000 for eanal enlargement. The net
amount for fixed and current expenses was
$24,(139,000 ; of this .«;t;,83I,000, was for interest
on the de])t, $5,.')0(l,000 for collection of the
revenue, and $3.7;")7,000 for subsidies. The
amount estimated to be received from all sources
he considered could not be placed at more than
$22,000,000, and he proposed to raise the deficit
by increased taxation on the following articles;
wines, i«;200,000 ; spirits $200,000 ; silks, A'elvets,
&c., $400,000; unenumerated articles, on which
the rate was raised from l.')V to I'lj; ';.\ §500,000 ;
cigars, $100,000; tea and coffee, $400,000 ; iron,
$100,000 ; ships materials, machinery and parts
of locomotives were nnnoved from the Fn^e
List and charged 5, 10 and 16^^ respectively.
In the Excise Department the duty on spirits
was raised from 63 to 75 cents per gallon : on
manufactured tobacco from 15 to 20 cents per
pound. From these two latter sources (spirits
and tobacco) he expected an increased revt>nue
of $700,000 to $750,000, which with the increased
Custom duties would make a total of about
$3,000,000, which, he anticipated would be
sulhcientto meet ilie increased expenditure, and
to provide lor thi large public works in which
the country was eimaged.

10. — Hon. Dr. Tupper reviewed the Budget
Speech of the Finance Minister, and claimed
that he had done great injustice
to his predecessors. Sir Francis
Ilincks and Hon. Mr. Tilley.
He held that looking at the i)ast and to thi'
documents the present Finance Minister had
laid on the table, it ill l)ecame him (Mr.
C'artwright) to attempt to throw obliquy upon
his iiredecessors. and intimate that they were
unequal to the task of conducting the financial
all'airs of the coixntry. lie (juot(>d from the
documents laid l)efore the House to show tiiat
under the late Administration the exports of the
country had in live years risen from $57,5(17,888,
to $89,789,922 ; and the imports from $7-i,4()!t,544,
to $128,!t21,184; that the revenue had propor-
tionately increased ; that, by the showing of the

lion. 111". Tiipncr'.-* .
.•^trii'hirci^ <>ii the
l''inaiK'ii(i .--liitciueiit

honorable gentleman himself, the receipts for
the nine months of the current year had bt>en
$1,31(3,0(38 more than the estimate of the late
Finance Minister, and argued that if the attairs
of the country were as well administered as
they had been, there would be no deficit at all.
He condemned the reduction ot the estimate for
public works, aiul alleged that the statements
of the I'^inance Minister had been made with a
view to preparing the country for an abandon-
ment of the Pacific Railway. lie held that the
expeiuliture of $30,000,000 in building a railway
from the Atlantic to the Pacific would be the
very best investment the country could make ;
and charged the late Opposition with having by
their unpatriotic artion defeated the excellent
scheme of the late Government forl)uilding the
road. Passing on to the proiiosed increase of
taxation, he did not object to the attempt to raise
more revenue from spirits, ninlt li(juors or wines,
but warned the Finance Minister that too high
a tariff on these articles inevitably led to smug-
gling and illicit jiroduction. He strongly
objected to duties l)eing replaced on tea and
coH'ee, and also on the imposition of duties on
material iised in manufacturiiia- machinery and
in shipl)uilding. Hon. Mr. Maclcenzic replied
to Hon. Dr. Tupper, and after some further
debate the tariff resolutions wa-re introduced
and read a first time. Acts amending the
Customs and Excise Acts were subsequently
introduced and passed, the rate on unenumerated
articles being raised from I63 to 17| per cent.
11. — Amongst the most important acts passed
was the Act providing lor elections of Members
of the Plouse of Commons, intro-
duced by the Hon. A. A. Dorion
on the 17th of April. In introducing' the Bill,
the Hon. Mr. Dorion explained that its chief
characteristic were that llui iveturning Officers
should be the Sherills or ivegistrars of the
.several election districts, and where the Sheriff
or Registrar lould not act the (lovernor-Greneral
should appoint Returning Oliicers in Ontario and
Quebec, and the Lieutenant-Governors in the
other Provinces. The ele<tions to take place on
the same day throughout the Dominion, except

The ICl.'Ctioii Hill.

, I! ; '

;U):

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*<l

4:i0

TUTTFJ-'/S HISTORY OF Till": DOMINION OF CANADA.

■-,1

il.f'

in Manitoba anil British Columbia, and in
Algonia and Muskoka in Ontario, and Bona-
venture. Craspr, Cliicoutimi and Sat^uenay in
Quebec. Public Nominations were done away
with, and Nomination by a paper .signed l)y at
lea.st twenty-fiA'P electors, whi<'h may be handed
in to the lieturning Oilicer any time before
Nomination Day, substituted, a deposit ol' $50
bt'inii' made at the same time. No property or
other qualilication to be reijuived of Candidates.
The most important jirovisiou wa.s that intro-
ducing votiuLi' by ballot, the system adopted
being intended to seciire as nearly absolute
secrecy to the voter as possible. Thi: <|uestion
of franchise to be left to each T'Ovince to
determine for itself with regard to represen-
tatives in Parliament. On the second reading
of the Bill, on the 21st April, lion. Dr. Tupper
said that most of the essential points of the Bill
were the same as had been proposed by the late
Government, lie objected to the continuance
of a ditl'eriMit i'ranchise for the ditl'event Provinces,
and thought that it would not add to the dignity
of the House to have one gentleman sitting in
it as the representative of a constituency where
nniversi.l sulfraae prevailed, and another for a
constituency where a property ([ualilication was
required. He had no conlidi'iice in the fairness
of the Local Lcaislature in lixing the franchise;
and thought that the expenditure of $50,000 or
$tiO,000 every live years, to keep a correct list of
the voters at Parliamentary elections would be a
comparatively insignilicant matter as compared
to the danuer of leaving the settling of the
franchise f'-om time to time to the caprice of
Local ].,egislatures in no way responsible to the
House • of Commons. He did not favor the
appointment of Sheriil's as Returning Oflicers,
and ol)jected to the abolition of Nomination
Day. \t was true it had been abolished in
]']ngland, but the same reason for its abolition
did not exist in Canada ; here it was frequently
the only opportunity the electors had of hearing
the sjiceches and discussions of public men of
dilferent oi)iiiions, and he thought it ought to
be retained. With rel'ercn<'e to the ballot he
said that having been adopted in so conservative

a country as lilngland, and public opinion here
being apparently in I'avor of it, it could not be
put otf any longer. He approved of the clauses
in-oviding for simultaneous elections and for
abolishing property qualilication, but said both
of them had been .opied from the Nova Scotia
election law. The debate was continued by
Messrs. Fiynn, P>lake, Cameron, (Cardwell).
Plumb, Parrow, Dymond, Oliver, Mills, Palmer,
Langlois, Trembhiy, Mitchell, Kirkpatrick,
Cameron, (Pluron), Laird, Macdonald, (King-
ston), Jones, (Halifax), Trow, Goudge, Davies,
I'lesher, Macdonnell, (Inverness), Caroii and
Schultz, alter which the Bill was read a second
time. In Committee there was considerable
discussion as to the abolition of Nomination
Day, several Meml)crs speaking against it, and
others objecting to the introduction of the ballot
I as beinu" " un-English " and " sneaking '" and a
few trilling amendments were made ; but the
Bill passed its third reading, on 20th May,
without any material alteration. In the Senate
the second reading was moved by Hon. Mr. Luc
Letellier de St. Just, on 22nd May. and in Com-
mittee an amendment was moved by Hon. Mr.
Bellerose providin<>' lor a property ([ualilication,
which was lost. Hon. Mr. Campbell moved to
add the wonls of the British North America Act,
which re(|uired candidatt's to be subjects of
the Queen, either by birth or naturalization,
which was carried. On the 41st clause Hon.
Mr. Haviland (P. E. L) moved an amendnient
to make the franchise in Prince Edward Island
the same for the House of Commons as for the
Local Legislature, which was carried on a
division by the casting vote of the vSpeaker.
The Bill as amended was then passed.

CHAPTER XLIL

(lOVERXMKNT OF Till': KWUj oF DIFFEUIN.
—PACIFIC J{AILWAY lill-L, 1S74.

I. BiiiTisH Columuia's discontent.— 2. Mu.
Eduau s:cnt tu Biutisii Colum-h/l as Aoent
OF thp: DoMiNiuN Government. — -i. The

GOVERNMENT OF TllH KARL DUFFKlilN-PACinC IJAILWAV I5IJ.L. 187 t.

4:!1

llri(ish Ciiliimbia's

Pacific Kaiiavay Bii.ii. — 4. Hon. Mr.

MaCKKXZIK E.Xl'LAI.NS THE POLICY OK THE
CrOVEIiN.MENT. — 5. HoN. Dk. TuPPER CRITI-
CISES THE Vnhh. — (i. Mr. DeCosmos explaixs

THE WISHES OF liUITISU C'oiJ'.MlSIA. — 7. BlI.L
PASSED WITHOUT AMENDMENT. — 8. PUOKO-
(tATION.

1. — One ol' the most diflicult qiu'stion.s with
which lion. Mr. Mackenzie found himsolf
oon fronted on his accession to
power, was that of the Pacili.'
liail way. The honor of the country was i>ledg'ed
to build the road, and the existing Act of
Parliament required that it should l)e built by
a Company, reci'ivinii' aid from the Government
and not by the (Jovernmcnt itself; but the
Canadian Pacific Railway Company had sur-
rendered its Charter, and, owing' to the exposixres
which had taken place with regard to the
granting of that Charter, there seemed no pos-
sibility of any other Company being formed.
The ]5ritish Columl)ia Ciovernment was already
beginning to show signs of discontent and
dissatisfaction at the non-commencement of the
road within the time agreed on in the terms of
Union, and as early as July 1<S7;3, had lodged a
protest with the Macdonald Ministry ; and with
the change of Administration, and the taking
of office by the party which had always opjiosed
the terms of Union, and held that the Dominion
could not, and should not, build the road in ten
years, this dissatisfaction was very greatly
increased.

2. — Mr. Mackenzie, in his speech at Sarnia,
boldly announced that faith would not be kept
with Hritish Columbia in so far
as the time of building the
liailway was concerned ; but
that the road should eventually he comi)leted
"as the finances of the country would warrant,"
and that some kind of temporary arrangement
would be made meanwhile. Immediately on
the conclusion of the General ]<]lection Mr. J.
D. Edgar, who had bemi an unsuccessful
candidate for re-el(>ction in Monck, was
appointed to proceed to British Columbia as the

.Mr Kilir.ir sent to
Hi'itisli CnliiMiblans
.•\Ki'nl (if horiiiiiiiiii
linvcriUlU'llt.

Agent of the Dominion Government " to consult
with the Local Government with reference to
the late agitation concerning an extension of
time for the construction of the Pacific Railway
Ijeyond that promisinl in the terms of Union."'
Of the failure of his mission we shall speak
further on.

3. — In the Speech from the Throne it was
announced that, "The enactment of ls72
respecting the Canadian Pacific ,,,,„. |,,„..,.„. ,;,i,„.„y
Railway having failed to secure "'"•
the prosecution of that great enterprise, yon
will be called upon to consider what plan will
best and most spi>edily i>rovide the means of
transcontinental communication witi British
Columbia," and, accordinuly, on the 12th of
May, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie moved the House
into Committee on a series of resolutions on
which to form a mnv Pacific Railway ISili. The
Bill, as passed, provides for the construction of
a railway " from some point near to and south
of Lake Nipissing to some point in British
Columbia on the Pacilic Ocean," the route to be
determined l)y the Governor iu-Council. The
line is divided into four sections, viz., first, from
Lake Nipissing to tlie west end of Lake Superior ;
second, from No L to Red River ; third, from
Red River to a jwint between Fort Edmonton
and the foot of the Rocky Mountains ; fourth,
thence to the Pacific. Branches are provided
for, viz., first : From the eastern terminus to
Georgian Bay ; I'rom a [>oint near Fort (iarry to
the boundary at or near rcmbina. A line of
telegraph to be constructed along the line in
advance of the railway. The gauge to be 4
feet HJ inches. The line to be constructed under
the Department of I'uldic Works. But the
sections may be divided into sub-sections, and
the building, furiiishiim' plant and running be
let to contractors, after tenders are obtained.
But contractors must have a capitid e(]uaJ to
84,000 per mile of tlie sub-section leiulered for,
and 25 per cent, of it in money or ap[>roved
securities must be dcjiosited in a l)ank to the
credit of the Receiver (leneral. $10,000 per
mile only may be paid to the contractors, lor
construction and rolling slock, and 4 per cent.

u J "'»*''

t32

TUTTIiK'.S HISTORY OF TIIK DOJflXIOX OF CANADA.

on a sum per mile to bo lixocl ])y contract, for
a i)orio(l of twenty-live years for running.
Land at the rate of 20,000 acres per mile may
also be appropriated in alternate sei'tions of
twenty miles square with a frontage of three to
six miles on the road, two-thirds to be sold by the
Government at jnices agreed upon, and the
proeeeds paid to the contractus a>, the work
goes on, and the remaining third conveyed to
them in like manner. These lands to be
designated so soon as the line is located. The
right of way through public lands, station
grcnxnds, &c., to be also granted free. The sub-
sections contracted for to be the property of the
contractors. Rut the Grovernment may at any
time take possession, paying actual cost and 10
per cent, additional ; subsidies to be returned.
No contract to be binding until one month after
it is laid before the House of Commons, unless
sooner approved by resolution. The Govern-
ment may, if found more advantageous, contract
and work the railway as a public work. A
l)onus not exceeding $12,000 per mile may be
gninted to any C jmpany which will construct
a railway to conueit the eastern terminus of the
line with the proposed or existing railways ;
running powers beinu' secured for traffic of
Canadian Pacilic Railway. Any Order-in-
Couuoil granting sii<h subsidy is to be submitted
to the House of Commons for ratification. The
l)ri;nches may also l)e l)uilt as a private
enterprise or public work. The Government
may order the work to bt> proceeded with from
time to time or suspend it at any time till next
session of Parliament. ^2,500,000 sterling of
the sura authorized to be raised with Imperial
guarantee", and $!.'), 000,000 of that to be raised
without, may be applied to the construction of
the road.

4. — In introducing his resolutions Hon. Mr.

Mackenzie said that he had not changed the

opinion expressed by him at the

lion. .Mr. .Mii(koii7.ic . ,. , ... i< -n 'i- i

ixi.hiiiisiiie |.nii,y„r time ol the admission ot british

till' (i,,vcninii'nl. „ , , . .1 , .1 i>

Columbia that the Uoraimon
was promising more than it could perform ;
but, as the terms had been agreed to, and the
honor of I he Dominion pledged, he was

prepared to carry out those terms as nearly in
the spirit, if not in the letter, as po.ssible. He
reviewed the action of the late Government in
granting better terms than British Columbia
had asked ; their efforts to get a Coinpany'to
build the road ; the granting of the Charter to
" the famous Sir Iluiih Allan Company, which
was a mere combination for the puri)ose of
linding capitalists. They had no capital
themselves, and did not pretend to have any ;"
the failure of that Company to interest capital-
ists, and their surrender of the Charter ; and
dwelt on the difficult position in which the
present Administration found itself in coming
into power. He held that it was utterly
impossible that the exact terms of Union could
be carried out,, and stated that Mr. Edgar had
been sent to consult with the Local Government
as to a modification of terms, but the result of
his mission was not yet known. "With regard
to biiilding the road he considered that it would
have to be bull' ty the people ; Init it was not
necessary that i should be all constructed at
once. By building short lines of railways to
connect the magnificent water stretches of the
('ontinent, a summer route to the foot of the
Rocky Mountains could be had which would
be sufficient for many years to come ; the
Pembina Branch would ])e constructed at once,
and, he hoped would l>e open in a year. With
regard to the railway proper, he said that he did
not think it at all necessary that the 557 miles
from Nipis."iing to Nepigon should he built at
present. "With reference to the portion which
would run through British Columbia he held
that it was impossible to commence it until the
surveys had been completed, and it had been
determined which was the best terminus on
the Pacific Coast. Bute Inlet, 'o far appeared
the best, but the engineering difficulties were
very great, and it would be folly to commence
the road there, and, perhaps, after some millions
had been expended, discover that there was
a much easier route and bi'tter terminus. "\Yith
reference to the i)roposed plan of granting
$10,000 a mile and 20,000 acres of land, and
guaranteeing interest at 4 per cent, on such

as nearly in
assible. Ho
vernrat'iit in
h Columbia
Coinpany'to
e Charter to
pany, which
l>nrposo of
no capital
have any ;"
'rest capital-
harter; and
which the
^ in coming
vas utterly
Jnion could
Edgar had
rovernment
le result of
V'ith regard !
lat it would
it was not
structed at
railways to
shea of the
bot of the
ich would
ome ; the
d at once,
ar. With
that he did
557 miles
)e built at
ion which
he held
until the
had been
"minus on
appeared
ties were
ommence
B millions
here was
IS. AVith
granting
liind, and
on such

,**!

f ■.■■

V-'

f /

■r*:"' friv:-*

I J ■

«H4

! !l

f.Ji=

'.K-'^nlO tXWJfSSLY F0« lUTfLE S hlSrORV Of In[ DOMINION

THE BJRlANO DL.SBARAI'; U'hOLOM?

ill

'''!*(

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*!'

;

(iOVKIjyMKNT OK TI!K KAIJL oT DITI'FKIUN— PAriFIC RAILWAY IMLL, 1S7J.

i:!.!

additional sum por mile as miiy he agreed on
with the (ontractois, he entered at length into
a statement how railroads had l)een built in
other countries on similar terms, and cliiimed
that the schem;' of the present Government
differed iu two essential particulars from that
of the late Adminstration, inasmurh as it was
not proposed to lock up the land so as to give
it a lictitous value, a)id all contracts would
have to ht* submitted to Parliament. 15y the
new scheme, the Governmet-t, while uiving
20,000 a'l-es of land to the \_ompany or Con-
tractor, would retain entire control of the sale
of two-thirds of the land. This w^ould depre-
ciate the value of the land in the eyes of any
Company proi>osing to build the road ; but he
considered it most important that the Govern-
jent should retain the power to throw
population into any part of the country, which
was the only way to make the road a commer-
cial success. Th"! road had been divided into
four sections, from Lake Nipissiu!-' to Nejugon ;
from Nepigon to iled River, or Irom some
point on Lake Superior to Red River; from
Red River to Fort Jdmonton, or some ether
point, there to connect with the fourth section,
which was west of the Rocky Mountains ; and
he thought it would be best if four Companies
could he found to build these lour sections
instead of one Company to build the whole
road. " The British Colombia section will, of
course, have to be proceeded with as fast as we
can do it, as it is essential to keep faith with
the spirit, and as fiir as possiple with the letter,
of the agi cement." After some further remarks
from Mr. Mackenzie the resolutions were
adopted, and the Bill introduced and read a
first time.

5. — On the second reading of the Bill, on the
19th May, Hon. Dr. Tupper defended the course

Hon. Dr. Tiumcr »'" t^« ^^^"^ Ministry, and charge^;
oriticijes the Ijiii. ^j^^ present Premier with incon-
sistency in now proposing that the GovernnuMit
should build the road as a public work, when
he had, formerly, strongly condemned such a
course. He defended the scheme of the late
Government, contending that they would by it

have been able to comjdete the road without
additional taxation. He comi)lained of the
powers taken by the Government in the liil!
before the House, and claimed that by the
showing of the Premier both the money and
land subsidies would be greater than those
proposed by the late Government, while the
four per cent, guarantee on the balance of the
cost of construction would make a total sum of
$84,000,000 to be obtained on the credit of the
country, without takintr into accoiuit at all the
land grant. He contended that the scheme of
the late Government would not have thrown a
burden of more than one million and a half a
year on the people, which could have })een met
without increased taxation ; but th(> present
scheme would rai.se that amoint to over twelve
millions a year, and he wouk^ like to know
from what source the Government expected to
raise that sum when the Finance Minister had
been forced to confess that he coixld not raise,
from ordinary revenue, within $3,000,000 of
what he required for expenditures. If this
scheme was carried out, the time was not far
distant when taxation would have to be resorted
to which would be so insupportable that instead
of immigration into this country there would
be emigration out of it. He contended that the
great defects of the proposed system were that
the water communications would only be avail-
able for six months in the year ; and that the
immediate completion of the Pemhiiui Branch
would have the effect of sending all the emi-
grants, which we were spending so much money
to procure, by the American lines which would
expose them to the temptation of settling in the
States, instead of going through to the North-
West. He held that if the Government scheme
was persevered in there could only be one of
two results, either the road would never be
built at all, or it would be built at such an
excessive cost that our debt would become equal
to, if not more, in proportion to population
than that of either Great Briaiu or the United
States.

6. — Mr DeCosmos said tin re was no danger
of secession from the Union on vbe part of

' I,

I i!'

t;:i

Tl"ri'IJ:s lIiSTol.'Y OK TIIIO IH)MI.\I()\ OF CANADA.

■Mr |ii<'.,-iii..-
I \l>t.lil>« llll*
ni-h.w nl
Miiii-li Coliiiijlii

IJiitish C'olmii})ia. Hhc would
ayiliitt! lor licr rights in a consti-
tutional manniM-, and if the
(!o\ ciiiiiK'nt (lid not uivc hi'r Iht riiihts, hi' and
his coilcajrui's would cndravor to drive that
(loNciiUMi'iil I'roin powt'v and icplaio tht'Ui by a
Crovi'inuji'iit which would do so. lie went on to
advocate Esiiuiniault as the Western terminus ol'
the road, and to make a calculation with nxjfard
to the number of persons which would be
necessary to support the road, lie "stimated
I he iiunil)er ol' persons residinL;' alonu' the Nor-
thern rarilir lis about 1,000,000, nnd thoUi>-ht
thiit il' tliere were l,;")0o,(>00 persons residing
alonq: the line ol the Canada I'acilie Ivaihvay
betwei'U Nipissinti' and the Western terminus
of till' Iioad, a railway .'1000 miles in len<»'th.
they v/ouhl all'ord a lair sui)i)ort to our railway.
When we had our road we would also be able
to enter into rivalry with the Americans lor the
trade with China and Japan. lie spoke in
high terms ol' the past enterprise of Canadians,
but said that il' they were unprepared to
advance westward, let them hand over their
country to a people who would kiu)w how to
discharge properly th" duty which deA'olved
upon them. Referring to the Intercolonial
Railway, he pointed out that it could not be
said that anyone knew any diU'erence in the
taxation of Ihe country for its construction.
Just the same thing would be the result in the
case of the I'acilie Railway, could we only get
rid of the terrible curse of extreme party politics.
He advocated the building of the road directly
by the Oovernment, and he commented upcm
the advantages of keeping the lands out of the
hands of Companies and close corporations, who
would hinder .settlement for their own purposes.
The liritish Columbians would be sati.sfied if
the pre.sent Grovernment, instead of professing
to commence the road and then not doing so. as
the late Government had, would show^ that they
intended in good faith to build it as rapidly as
po.ssible. lie held that the position of the
Premier, in sayinu' that if the British Columbia
Clovernment relaxed the terms they coald com-
mence the surveys, and if they were not willing

to relax the terms, the surveys could not be
proceeded w ith, was ipiite illogical. He asked
Ihe Chief Minister and this House how Ihe
(Jovernmeiit intended to vindicate the good faith
of the country with rcjard to Briti.sh Columbia?
He hoped the honorable Premier would see his
way to tommencing the work on the I'acilie
coast immediately. lie believed that the peo-
ple of I'ritish Columbia would l)e (piite willing
to havea mixed water and railway route adopted.
All they were anxious for was to see the road
built as rapidly as practical)le. He ditl not see
why the construction of the road could not be
commenced at once ; and advocated liute i;ilet
as the point at which constrixction should be
l)e<i-un in r>ritish Columbia.*

7. — Mr. Thomson (Cariboo) while partly favor-
ing the .scheme, did not tliink that it sulliciently
guaranteed that the terms of ,,n, „„.,e,i wi>i,„„t
Union would be carried out, as •■'■i""'"'"""'-
the Premier gave no intimation as to the time
in which the road would l)e built. He was not
altogether pleased with the mixed laml and
water route, aiul thought that the sum pro-
mised to be spent yearly in British Columbia
($1,500,000) was not enouiih. Mr. Bunster
contended that lilsijuimault was the proper
terminus of the road, aiul that the Government
should commence to build it from that point at
once, when they would soon have a large immi-
gration Hocking in and settlinti- the waste lands.
The Bill was then read a second time, and the
House went into Committee. In Committee
Mr. Bunster moved a:i ameiulment that the
construction of that portion of the road which
wa.s nui through British Columbia should be
commenced in a year from the passage of the
Act, and that not less than one-tenth of the
whole construction in that Province should be
carried out each year. The amendment was
lost, and the Bill reported without amendment.
On the third reading of the J>ill, on the 20th
May, Mr. Kirkpatnck took exception to the 13th
clause which empowered the Government to
give out the contract for the jiortion of the road
from Ni pissing to Georgian Bay without the

• C<iuilfn>e*l from Tiironto ff/oA..

(IO\ KliN.MKNT OF TIIK KAIil, nl- DlFl'KIMN— I'KINCII'AI, KVKNTS OK ISTI.

»;!.'»

I'Oiist'iit of rarliaiin'iit ; iiiul moved an aineud-
menl to the ('irt'( t that tlic coiitiact slioiiUl not
be liiiuliiiii' until iipprnved ol' by I'arlianieiit,
which was lost on division. Mr. lUmstev then
moved the amendment whicli had been lost in
Committee, which was lost, '> lor, 77 against.
Mr. lUinster then moved that the work oi con-
striietion should be commenced at Es<iuimanlt,
Vancouver Island, during' tlie present year^
which was lost on division, and the Bill passed
its third reading without amendment.

8. — Parliament was proroy-uod on the 20th ol'

May, when His Excellency tiavc assent to one

hiuidred and seventeen Bills.

I'rciriiiriiliiiii. , , . i i a i

Amongst the most important Acts
passed, which have not been already mentioned,
were : An Act authorizing a loan of .£S, 000,000
stg. to be expended on tlie Pacilic Kailway and
enlargement of canals ; An Act taking the
construction ol'the Intercolonial out of the hands
oi' Commissioners ami placing it under control
of the Department of Public Works ; An Act
with reference to the Graving Dock at Esqui-
mault, providing that in lien of tln' guarantee at
the rate of ■'> percent, per anjium for 10 years
on i;100,000 stg. for this Graving Dock agreed
to in the terms oi the Union with British C'olum-
l)ia, $250,000 may be advanced during the
progress of the \\ork ; Acts amending the
Domini(m and Manitoba Laud Acts; and an
Act relating to Permanent Buildinii- Societies
in Ontario, and Incorporating a Member of
Boards of Trade.

CHAPTER XLIII.

GOVKJ.'NMHXT OF TIIK KAK'b OF DCFFJ-llJlX—
riUNCIPAL FVFNT.S OF ISTt.

1. Dominion ]]oai!D of Tkadk. — 2. Tei!rihi.k
Railway Accidents. — o. Pacikic Railway

OFFICES UUKNT. OTHEU FIIiES. — 4. MaEINE

DISASTERS. — 5. Trial ok Lki'ine. — 0. Commu-
tation OK Lei'ine's sentence. — 7. Nego-
tiations FOU RecII'IIOCITY. — 8. (X'lIER
EVENTS.

1. — The fourth annual meetinu of the Domin-
ion Board of Trade was opened in the Railway
Committee Room, Ottawa, on the d,,,,,!,,!,,,, ii,,.,,,i ..r
2ith February, and lasted four ''■"'''■
days, as usual. In the absence of the President.
Mr. W. II. Ilowlanil. Vice-President, presidi-d.
One of the interesting features of the meeting
was the presence, for the lirst tinn-. of the dele-
gates from Prince l')dward Ishind, and also
delegates from the National Boiird of Trade of
the United States. jMr. W. H. Ilowland, of
Toronto, was elected President for the ensuing
year, and Mr. W. W. Ogilvie, of Montreal, Vice-
' President. The iirst debate occurred on a
motion of Mr. Thompson, of Toronto, urging on
th(! Dominion Ciovernment the necessity of eu-
j larging the St. Lawrence canals at once ; but,
, after some di.scu.ssion, an amendment was
I carried to the elli-ct that th. 5oard was satislied
with what had been already dune in the way
of canal improvements, aiul hoped tliat the
Government would proscciite the work as
rapidly as the linancial condition of tlu" country
would permit of A resolution in favor of urg-
ing the Government to construct a ship canal
at Sault Ste Marie, as soon as possible, was
moved by Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton, and
adopted ; as were also resolutions with reference
to ship-building and registration. The most
interesting debate of the session was that on the
tariir, which showed that the [)iiicli of hard
limes had already begun to call attention to the
fact that if Canadian manufactures were to live
and compete with those of the United States,
they nuist receive a certain amount of protec-
tion ; and after a long discussion, a resolution,
moved by Mr. Thomas White, Jr.. Montreal,
was adopted, to the ell'ect that as there would
be a deficit in the revenue, and additional taxa-
tion would be re(juired. such taxes should be
levied in such a manner as to all'ord incidental
protection to Canatlian manufactures.

2.— A terrible accident occurred on the Great
Western Railway, about three miles east of
Ivomoka, and seven west ofLon- ... .,, „ .,
don. Ont., on the evening of the '\''''i""^-
28th of February, whereby ten persons lost their

!■

\^k

!; t

'I { :l

■r

li^'

: ■' !l

r 'n

[■Mi

TUTTLKS IIISTOHV OF TUK DO.MIXION OK CANADA.

lives iiiul ovi>v twfiify wcro sorioiissly injun'd.
The "Wi'stcni Expicsis Tniiu loft London aboul
(i.:!0 p.m., and had run iibont seven miles when
il was discovered that the lirst-elass car was on
lire. It appears that the lamp in the clos'-t either
I'ell, or was knoked down and set fire to the lloor
anil wood work. The lire had gained some
headwaj in tii(> ( lo,sc( lyel'ore it was discovered,
and rapidly spread to the car, in which there
were about I'orly persons. The train was tlien
running alxmt thirty miles an iiour ; and. as there
was no signal rope, on a<count ol" there l)eing
some oil cars in the train, the Conductor had to
climb o\er the top ol' the baggage car to signal
the engineer to stop, and so for over ten terrible
minutes the l)xtrning car rushed through the
night, while iis unfortunate inmates were being-
roasted to death. Many jumped from the cm
and were injured, and when the train was finally
stopped it was found that ten were dead -ind
tw enty injured. The fire seemed to have been ac-
cidental, but the Company was blamed for allow-
ingatrain toudout withoutabell-rope, so thai the
Conductor could sigiml to stop. This, how ever,
appeared to be the custom of the Company
whenever part of the train was composed of oil
cars, as it was almost inii)o.ssible to conduct a
rope alouLi' tho.'^e cars so that it would work
Another \ cry serious liailway accident occurred
on the South ICastern Townships Kailway, in
the Province of (Quebec, on the morning of the
l:!lh ol Auuust. l)y which live persons were
killed and sixteen wounded, some of them very
seriously. It appears that during the niiiht of
the Iwell'th a heavy thunder storm ragi-d lor
al)out two hours over the valley through which
the road runs near the I'nited States frontier,
ami a number of bridges and culverts were
carried away, amoniist them the railway bridge
spamiiii!^' a little l)rook between Abercorn aiul
Sutton flats. The Hood was ,so great, and so
many bridges were carried away, that the track-

man,
Ah

telegraph so that it would iu)t work. The
morning train for Montreal left Newport, N. Y.

:' and passsed llichford and Abercorn all right.

': When about halfway between the latter place
and Sutton the engine suddenly plunged into
the yawning gap left by the bridge being carried
away, the baggage and second class car shot
over the engine and telescoped, and nearly every

I' one in these cars was either killed or wounded,
live being taken out dead ami sixteen wounded,
one of whom, Major Manson. died from the
eflect of his injuries. Fortuiuitely the cars did
not take lire, so that the horror of beitig buriunl

, was iu)t added to that of being crushed to death.

I 8. — 1874 was essentially a year of lires,

: especially in towns and cities, ami Montreal

I came in for rather more than her
sliare, fiaving no less than live oiii.is humi. oiiiur
large tires, which did damage to
the extent of over $,')(l(),0()0. The lirst, and
most destructive lire of the year occurred on the

i lt)th of January, in Ottawa, when the old

' barracks in the Parliament grounds which had

! been used as tlu' ollices of the Intercolonial and
Canada Pacilic Kailways were burnt, and

: nearly all the maps, plans, survey reports, tScc.
of the latter road destroyed, involving a lo.ss of

1 nearly $1,000, (tOO, and causinu', much trouble

i and delay in making new surveys. There was
a suspicion that the lire was incendiary, and
."'Mne ill natur d people whispered that it was
set with the purpose of delayinii' the construi'-
tion ol the Pacilic K'ailway by destroying the
plans and surveys; but an investigation showed
the lire to have been purely accidental. On the
l.llh March some burglars entered the office of
Mr. .lohn Abell's machine shop, at Woodbridge,
Out., ami blew open the safe door. They did
not get much for their pains, but they .set lire to
the place and the wliole of the extensive w^orks
were destroyed, involving a lo.ss of !5!:2nO,00O
and throwinu' I'OO haiuls out of employment.

oran, i

ould not get from Sutton Mats to On the l!Kh April New Glasgow, N.S. was

•rconi to warm the Station master of the visited by a terrible lire which broke out

damaue dom- the track by the rain (for it was l''razer"s tailor shop and spreatl o\ er an area of
washed o\il in many i>laces between Abercorn live acres, destroying 4o hou,ses, being about
and Emerson), ami the storm had injured the half the business portion of the place, and doing

\vork. The
'wport. N. Y.
•u all rii>-ht.
' lattci' j)liU'o
iluni^cd into
l>oiiii>'(anit'cl
ass car shot
lu'arly evory
or wouiulcd,
Ml wouiuli'd,
m\ IVom (ln>
the oars did
I'iiig l)uriu'd
hi'd todoath.
ar of lircs,
id Moiitival

1 ilii' Kiiilw.iy
ii'i'i' Ijuinr. (Illior

lirst, and
uirod oil tho

U'll tllL> old

i which had
olonial and
burnt, and
vporls, iScc.
ni>' a loss of
icli trouble

There was
ndiary, and
that it was
e const rue-
troyiiiL>' the
ion showi'd
al. On the
he ollice of
'oodbridii'e,
Th.'y did
y sel lire to
sive works

■ !ii-J()0,000
iploynient.
N.8. was
oke out in

an area of
ein<>' about

and doini"'

COVKKX.MKNT OF TlIK KAIM- OK DUFFKIMX-I'KINCII'AL KVKNl'S OF ISTI.

•i;!;

damage to the extent of !«;100,0()0. On the lUh
of May a lire broke out in the factory of John
Taylor «& Vo. Esplanade Street, Toronto, and
siirciid ti> the larn'e wholesale (Irocery store of
Smith and Keiiihley, Front Street, and to other
places on Front, Esplanade and CSeori'o Streets,
doing damage to the extent of S2.')0,iK)0. In
Montreal, on the 'JOtli of March, the Queen's
Hall was burnt, loss iJoO.OOO. About one
o'clock on the morniiii>- of the !Mli of August a
fire l)roke out in Henderson's saw mill, on the
Canal 1)iUik, Montreal, and soon spread to the
Government Hour shed near by, from whence it
extended to one of the dredges just completed
for the Harlxn- Cominissioners, and tliesteauKM-
York, which were lying in the slip alongside
the sheds. The mill, Hour shed, dredge, steamer,
and an old barge called the Daris were all
destroyed, the total loss being about •t2.")0,()n0. \
A man who acted as wateliman on the Daris '
was so frightened at seeing himself appiirently
hemmed in by lire thai he Jumped into the
water and was drowned. On the l-'!tli August,
Ogilvie's Hour mill, Montreal, was burnt, loss
$50,000 ; and on the llHli October the paint and
<il establishment of Mc Arthur iS: Sons, together
with adjoininu' l)uililini:s, were destroyed, loss
!{i2OO,000. On the :21sl July a number of houses
were burnt in Ingersoll, Out., loss s;)O.oO0 ; and
on the 24th twenty buildings were ilestroycd by
lire in Trenton. Out., loss $7."),000. On the 1st
Auii'iist live liuildings were burnt in St. Thomas
Out., loss |i:!."),000 ; and, on the 1-Jlh, ten houses
in the Tanneries, near Montreal, were destroyed,
the damage being about §2'}, 000 and over thirty
families being rendered homeless. On the 22nd
September, si>veii stores in Windsor, Out., valued
at !J;.'^■),000 were burnt ; as were also se\ I'ral 1
stores and dwellings valued at $10,000 at j
C'iivuga, Out., on 2titli October, The most |
destructive lire of ih" year, outside of Ottawa
and Montreal, l)roke out abtpiit lour o'clock on
the morniim' of the l;!th September, in the
paper mill of Me.><srs. John C'rilly & Co.
Cornwall, and soon spread to (he large cotton
factory of Messrs. (Jault Brothers, which was
entirely destroyed, involving a loss of about .j

iMiirinc hi>nst('rs.

!5!2.")0,000, and tlirowin<>- nearly SOO hands out of
employment. I'^xtensixc bush lirt's raged
around Ottawa, Kincardine, liru.ssels, i'aisley,
CJoderich, Seafoitli, Mitchell, Orangeville and
other i)laces in August and September, and
much damage was done.

4. — The marine disasters of the year were not
so great as in soini' former years, and no such
terrible calamity as the wreck ol
the Atlantic occurred, and tht
iiunil)er ot lives lost was small in comparison to
that of 1S73, only 10S being recorded. The
greatest destruction of property (no lives wen'
lost) occurred in the harbor of Quebec, on the
81I1 of May, caused by the breaking u]* of the
ice-bridge, when eight steamers, ten tug and
ferry boats, one ship ami three schooners were
crushed in the ice, and al! more or less injured,
the total damaiiv beiiiu- ninirly s!lOO,O00. The
Government steamer Na/ni/non III was sunk, as
were al.so the tug Castor and steamers (leorgia
■iiid Royal, and two srhooiiers. Tin- sunken
V(>ssels were raised, but were all badly daniaLi'e<l,
the schooners being total losses. The Swedish
ship yl«w(f was totally lost on St. Paul's Island,
on the Stli Septenil)er, ami eleven out of a crew
of eigliteen perished. The banjue Ci/nHiia /'i»/-
H/pr. of St. John, N.l!., left Liveri)ool for Maitland,
N. S., with a crew, of ten, on otli May, and
has never been heard of since. The total num-
ber of casualties to sea-going vessels was 27!S,
involving a loss of lOS lives, and the (h'strmtion
of property to the value of §1,S.")(;,:!08. On the
inland waters there were thirty disasters, only
one of which was accompanied by loss of life,
that being the case ol the American steamer
Favorite, which was upset near Amherstburg, on
the lirst of Noveml)er, and one man was lost.

0. — One of llu> most important events of the
year 1S74 was the trial and conviction, at Win-
nipeg, Manitoba, of .Vinbrosi'
Lepine for the murder of Thomas
Scott, at Fort Oarry, on the Uh March, l,s70.
We have already slated (Chai)ler M^i, pars. 4-7)
the circumstanies relatinii' to the election of
Kiel lor I'rovcMi'hcr and his cxjiulsion from the
llou.se on the ground that he was a fugitive

Tri;il •

\ : —

. r .■]
Hi

i il

•i ii

4:1s

TUTTT.E'S HISTORY OF TIIH DOMINION OK CANADA.

1 !

from Jixstiro, the (Jvand Jury of Maiiito})!! hav-
ing found a true bill a-iiiiiist hiin for the murder
of Scott, ami a Bench warrant having bocn
issued for his arrest. At the .same time true
bills were found against Auil)ro.se Lepiue, who
had been Jviel's '' Adjutant-Cleneral,"' and others,
and Lepine and two others were arrested and
tried l)el'ore the Court of (Queens Bench, of
Manitol)a, Chief Justice Wood presiding at the
October term. 1S7-1. The greatest interest was
manifested in the trial, and the Hon J. A.
Chai)lenu, Solicitor-deneral of Quebec, went to
Winnipeg .si)eeially to defend Leinne, and had
as.sociated with him the Hon. Joseph lioyal.
The pro.seciition wa.s conducted by Mr. F. E.
Cornish, Crown I'reseculor. and the trial of
Lepine wa.s comnri'iiced on the l-'ilh of Ortober.
and lasted twelve days, a verdict of " Guilty "
being returned on the 2(31 h. The jury was a
mixed one, and the evidence taken was very
voluminous ; it is unneces.sary, however, to re-
produce it here, as a great portion of our account
of tlie murder of Scott is taken fronr that evi-
dence ; sulFice it to say that l..epine's participa-
tion in that foul act was clearly shown, and the
jury could not possibly have found any other
verdict than the one they rendered, accompany-
ing it. howcAer, with a recommmidation to
mercy. On the 2sih Chioi' Justice Wood passed
s>'ntence condemning Lejiine to l)e liiuig on the
29th January, iJSTo. Of tlu' other two prisoners,
one, Andre Nault, was tried, and the jury failed
to agree ; the other case was not pressed.

0. — Of course, it w as not generally thought
that the s(>ntence of death would be carried out —
indeed it is doidjtlul if the jiiry
\\ould have agreed had it not
been believed that their recommeiuhition to
mercy would be considered; and numerous
petitions were forwarded to His Excellency
prayiiui' for an exert i.se of Executive cleuhMU-y.
These petitions munhered i!.")2, and were signed
by oS,,j((S [)er.s<)ns, mostly French. Tu^rore their
receipt, liowever, some steps had l)een taken
towards a commutation, or rather, at lirst, in I lie
direction of an amnesty. On tliis question
(amnesty) the Uovernment of Sir John A. Mac-

Cm;Mlllll:lli.iM m|

I!
donald had, on the 4th of June, 1873, passed an

Order-in-Council re(juesting His Excellency to

, briny' the matter before Her Majesty's (iovern-
ment " in order that such course might be taken

jl as might l)e consistent with the interests of
justice and best for the quiet of the country ; ''
ami, on the 24th of July, 187;l, the lilarl of
Kimberley, Secri'tary of State for the Colonies,

j expressed the willingness of Her Majesty's
(lovernment to take upon themselves the res-
ponsil)ility of dealing* with the questiim of

il amnesty. There the matter rested for eighteen
months ; Hon. Mr. Macki-nzie felt that he could
not recommend the granting of an amnesty, but
a Committee was appointed to try and lind out
whether the late (lovernment had promised an
amnesty, in which case Mr. Mackenzie would
have be(>n willing that " the faith of the Govern-
ment should be kept." The labors of the Com-

i mittee. however, threw very little new light on
the question, for while Archbishop Tache,
Father liichot and others maintained that the
late Ciovernment had promised amnesty, the
meml)ers of that Government were quite as
positive that they had not. and none of the
letters, or other documents i)roduced, clearly
established the fact. After the condemnation of
Lepine, however, a very strong pressirre was
brought to bear on the Premier, and it was well
known that there was great diiference of opinion
in the Cabinet on this question; and hiially, as
a sort of compromise an Order-in-Council was
passed on 4th December, 1874, calling His
Excellency's attention to the Order-in-Council
of 4th June, 1878, and praying him to again
bring the matter under the attention of the
Home authorities. This Order-in-Council Lord
Dull'erin forwarded to the Earl of Carnarvon,
Secretary ol' State for the Colonies, in a very able
despatch, dated 10th December. 1874, in which
he i'ullv reviewed the whole amnesty question,
especially as il bore on the carryinn' out of the
.sentence of death on Lepine, and whith con-
<ludes as follows : " It only remai)is for me 10
add that even should it be decided that the
obligations imposed upon us l)y the procedure
of Lieuteiumt-Governor Archibald are less com-

GOVKRXMKNT OF TIIH KARL OF DUFFFRIN— rRlXCll' \(. F.VKNTS ()F IS74.

HiO

3, passed an
st'elleiicy to
y"s Uoveru-
n;ht l)e taken
interests of
3 conntry ; ''
th(> Earl of
le Colonies,
r Miijt'sty's
ves the res-
question of
I'or eighteen
lat lie could
nmesty, but
md find out
promised an
■nzie would
the Govern-
oi' the C'om-
ew light on
lop Tache,
led that the
nnesty, the
•e quite as
one of the
ed, clearly
mnation of
■ssure was
it was well
ofopinion
iinally, as
ouiicil was
ing His
■in-C'ouniil
1 to again
ion of the
uncil Lord •
.'arnarvun,
a very able
in which
(jUfstion,
out of the
liih con-
fer me (o
that I ho
procedure
less com-

promising than I am inclined to consider them,
and that the Crown is (juite untrammelled in its
action, I still think that the various circumstances
I have refeired to in this despatch, require the
capital sentence of Jit'pin*^ to l)e commuted by
the clemency of IL'r ]\Lijesty into a much
milder punishment. This commutation, when
the proner time arrives, I propose to order on
my ow :> responsibility, under the powers
accorded to uio by my instructions. ( )u the
other hand, I feel very strongly that it would
.-^hock the pul)lic sense of justice were Kiel to be
visited with a lesser penalty than his associate.
In the estimation of ail those who consider the
killing of tScott a crime, lliel is held to be the
principal culprit, and, as a matter of fact,
whatever promises were made by l.iieuteiu\nt-
Governor Archibald to Kiel were also exteiuled
to Lepine. If therefore, the latter is required
to undergo a term of imprisonment, it appears
to me that the Executive will be precluded
from exercising any clemency towards Kiel,
ixntil he shall have surrendered himself to
justice, and, on conviction have submitted to a
similar penalty." In reply to this, the Earl of
Carnarvon, under date 7th January. 1875,
approved of the cour.se His Excellency propo.sed
to pursue with regard to Lepine, and, according-
ly, on the li)th January, His Excellency eau.sed
a letter to be addressed by his Private Secretary
to the Hon. Telesphore Fcornier, ^Minister of
Justice, in which he says : " It further appears
to His Exc 'lency that the case has passed
beyond the province of Departmental adminis-
tration, and that it will be best dealt withundtu-
the Koyal Instructions, which authorize the
Crovernor-General, in certain capital cases, to
dispense with the advice of his Ministers, and
to exercise the prerogative of the Crown
according to his independent judument, and on
his own personal responsibility. I have it,
therefore, in command to inform you that it is
His Excellency's pleasure that the capital
sentence passed upon the prisoner Lepine be
commuted into two years of imprisonment in
gaol from the date of conviction, and the
permanent forl'eilure of his political riuhts.

His Excellency desires that the necessary
instrument lor givinn- ell'eet to this commutation
be forthwith prejiared." This action on tlie
part of His Excellency received the lull
approval of the Imperial (lovernment. and was
generally well received by the press and pul)lic
of Canada as the best possil)le solution of a very
diilicult question.

7.— It will be remembered that .\rticle XXII
of the Washington Treaty provided for the
appointment of three Commis- .. . .
si(mers to determine whnt money Hi'iii'""'''>-
compensation, if any slioiild be paid to Canada
by the United States for the dilfen'uce in value
between the Fisliery rights mutually granted
under that Treaty. These Commis.sioners had
never l)een appointed, and it l)eiiio- thought
that it might be possible to make an arrange-
mcMit with the United Stiites whereby Canada
might relinquish this prosjiective riiiht to com-
pensation, an Order in-Council was passed on
the 23rd of February, 1874, to the elfect that the
present seemed a favorable time tor re-openini>'
negotiations on the sul)ject of a Keciprocity
Treaty, on the basis of Canada uiviiiL!' up her
claim to compensation under Article XXII;
and recommending His Excellency to recpiest
the Imperial trovernment to authorize the
British Minister at ^Vashington to enter into
negotiations on that subject with the United
States. This Order-in-Council was transmitted
by His Excellency to the Colonial Secretarv, on
tlu^ 24th February, and on the ."ith March His
Fxcellency was advised that the Earl of Derl)y
had instructed the Minister at Washington to
open negotiations. On the !>th of Man h lion.
Mr. Mackenzi(» submitted a memorandum set-
ting forth a numbi'r of points under the
Washington Treaty which he thouuht might
be inijiroved by new neiiotiations, and suii'u'est-
inu' that the British Minister, on account of his
lack of local knowledtiv, was scarcely competent
to deal with the American (Jovernment alone.
On the 21st March, the Earl of Derl)y addressed
a letter to the Hon. George Brown, inform-
ing him that Her Majesty had been pleased to
appoint him '• to be Joint rienipolentiarv with

■I

ihnit^*

410

TTTTLK'S III8T0RV OF TIFK DOMIXION 0^ C'AXADA.

Hev Majesty's MiiiisUvr at Washington for the
purpose of nogoliatini'' and concluding a treaty
with the United States rehiting to fisheries,
commerce and navigation." Mr. Brown atoiK'e
went to Washinii'ton, and he and Sir lildward
Thornton prepared an elaborate statement to
submit to Hon. Hamilton Fish, and, on the
17th of April a synopsis of it was telegnii)hed to
the Secretary for Foreign Affairs (the Earl of
Derby) who rejdied that he saw no objection to
the paper l)einii' submitted, but that the pro-
posals shoxxld not be made as l)eing the result of
the matured decision of Her Majesty's Croverii-
ment, bitt as preliminary only ; and Sir Edward
Thornton was desired to explain this to Mr.
Fish. The substance of the proposal was as
follows: That the Reciprocity Treaty should
])e renewed for twenty-one years, including the
Fisheries, with addition of free admission of
salt, manufactures of wood, iron or steel articles,
or of those Jointly, agricultural impleme'nts and
a few other trilling articles. To open coasting
trade of lakes and river St. Law ence. To en-
large Caiia.li.m canals. That canals of Canada
and United States should be open on equal
terms to l)oth countries. That a joint commis-
sion should be appointed to improve the
navigation of the ]{iver St. Clair at joint expense.
That the navigation of Lake Michigan should
be thrown open in perpetuity. That citizens of
United States or Canada may own or navigate
ves.sels of the other country. That there should
be reciprocal admission to patent rights. That
a Joint Commission should be appointed for
propagating and protecting fish in the lakes and
for co-operation in the establishment of light-
houses.* A very elaborate statement was
submitted, giving the amount of trade between
the United States and Canada, by which it was
made to appear that " during the first ten years
of the treaty the transactions between the coun-
tries showed a clear balance in favor of the
United States of $(i2,iK;5,.54.j." In other words,
it was urged that the former Reciprocity Treaty
having been more advantageous to the United

•I.i.ril Ciiriiiiiviiii'^ cli's|)iiti-li (n Ihi' <liiV('nMir-iii'mTiil,i;.'!nl April. IK74.

States than to Caiuida, therefore Canada was
most anxious to reiu'w the Treaty ; a line of
argument which the Americans seemed to regard
as suspicious, to say the least of it. Negotiations
w^ent on for nearly a month between the Pleni-
potentiaries and Mr. Fish, and on the ITth June
Sir Edward Thornton announced to the Earl of
Derby that a draft Treaty had been agreed on,
which would be submitted to tho Semite — an
unusual proceeding, as treaties, although rec^uir-
ing the ratilication of the Senate, are first sub-
mitted for the approval of the President. On
the 22nd c ' June the Senate discusset' he Treaty
in secret session, and decided that i. was too
late in the session to consider it then, and that
it would be better to postpone the matter \intil
Congress met again in December, which was
done. When Congress again met thi' Semite
decided that it was not expedient to ratify the
Treaty, and the matter, therefore, fell through.
On the receipt of a despatch from Sir Edward
Thornton to that elfect an Order-in-Council was
passed on the lOth February, 187'), to the effect
that negotiations for a Reciprocity Treaty haA'ing
failed '' no time should be lost in proceeding
under the Treaty of Washington to ascertain
the compensation due to Canada for the conces-
sion of the Fishery riu'hts to citizens of the
United States."' Nego ations were afterwards
entered upon which led to the appointment of
the Fisheries Commission, which met at Halifax
in 1877, ■md awarded 1^5,500.000 to Canada.

8. — Beyond the changes in the Cabinet
mentioned in Chapter XL., par. 2, the following
occuiTed during the year: on other even,,. „r ,1,0
the 1st of June, the Hon. A. A. "■"■•
Dorion, Minister of Justice, was appointed
Chief Justice of the Province of Quebec, and
on the 8th the Hon. Telesphm-e Foi.rnier,
Minister of Inland Revenue, accepted the port-
folio of Minister of Justice, and was .succeeded
by the Hon. Felix Greoffrion, who was the same
day sworn oT the Privy Council and appointed
Minister of Inland Revenue. On the 30th
vSeptemlier, the Hon. W, B. Vail was sworn of
the Privy Council and appointed Minister of
Militia and Defence in place of Hon. William

even!.'' lit' tlio

GOVKIIXMKXT OF THH KARL OF DUKFERIN— BHITISII COH'MDIA S DISCONTKNT. 4U

Ross, ai)jiointod Col lector of Customs at Halifax.
One of tho most important <?vonts of the yt-ar
was tht' arrival, on the 31st of July, of 250
Mcnonites, thi' lirst installment of a large
number who had derided to settle in Manitoba,
and who have proved a very valuable and
iiseful class of settlers. Another important
event was the inauguration, at Montreal, on the
1st of October, of the F'ree Postal delivery
system, which has since been introduced into
all large towns and cities, and has proved a
great convenienci' u;id accommodation. Another
event of some imi)ortauce was the piu'chase by
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie of 40,000 tons of steel rails
for use on the racilic Railway, which turned
out rather an unlbrtunate sj^'culatiou, for when
the rails were delivered tht-re was no road to
put them on — indeed most of them are lying
rotting and rusting uselessly at the time of
writing; and as the price has st(>adily declined
since Mr. Mackenzie has been severely blamed
for making this purchase so far ahead of when
the rails would be required, whereby the
country has lost several hundred thousand
dol.ars. The year generally was not a prosper-
ous one ; the Fisheries yit>ld was about
5^1,000,000 more than in 1878, but crops were
only moderate, the lumber trade was very dull,
business generally was poor and failures
frecjuent, and on the \;hole we had fairly entered
upon " Hard Times "' and began to feel their
pressure.

CHAPTER XLIV.

GO \ !•; 1 ; \ .M I'.XT 1" T 1 1 b; i: .\ I ! L o F 1) I ' !•' F i-:rin—

JilMTlSH (,'()!, r.M HI A'S DISCOXTFXT.
1. TlIK EsiiriMAUI.T CrKAVINO DoCK. — 2.

British Coi.u.mhia's protksts. — 3. Mb.
Kd(!AU"s mismun. — 4. F.viLURE OF Mr.
EudAit's Mi.<>iinx.— '?. The Caunarvo.v
Tkkms. — »;. Defeat hf the Esuuimai'lt
and Nanaimo Haij-kiiad TiiLL in the Senate.

1. — We have already refcired to (he great
disappointment and discontent which existed

in British Columbia at the nou- -n,. i:s,,„i.„.ui.
fuliilment of the terms of Union '''"vinKOiMk.
by Canada ; and, after the announcement of his
ra'Hvay policy made at Sarnia by the Hon. Mr.
Mackenzie, this ieeliuii' of discontent was great-
ly increased. Other matters were trou])ling the
Local Government also; it was part of the
' agreement with Canada that the Dominion
.should uitarantee the interest at live per edit.
j on a loan to the extent of jt:lOO,000 sterliu'i- for
I the purpose of building a Graving Dock at
I Esquimault, which was thought to be an
absolute neces.sity to the Province ; but it was
I found to be impossible to raise the money on
I this security, as investors were fearlul that after
the expiration of the ten years the Province
might be unable to continue ayinij' the interest,
or to repay the principal The Pro\ince was
also sadly in want of money for Local imi>rove-
ments and found itself unable to raise any on
its own security. A proposition was, therefore,
made by the Local Premier, Hon. Amor
DeCo.smos, that the Dominion (loveriiment
should advance to the Province a lump sum of
$C 0,000 in lieu of the live per cent, guarantee
of €100,000 for ten years for the Graving Dock ;
and also $1,850,000 in lieu of the annual subsidy
granted British Colu?iibia under the Terms of
Union, the Province giving uj) all claim to
subsides in the future. The lirst proposition
was, in fact, that the Domininioii should
advanct> at once the amount which it would
have tc pay in ten years in the shape of interest
on isi500,000 at five per cent.; and the second
that the annual Gubsidie.-. should be cajiitalized
at about twenty y nirs value, and paid at once.
To the lirst of thes ■ proposals Ho;i. Mr. Mac-
kenzie consented, a.'id an A<t was introduced
and passed during th. session of I. s74, providing
that $2r)0,000 may i.,- idvanced duriim' t.e
building of the Graving Dock at Esquimault,
and it was promised that the second proposition
should receive consideration.

2. — {)[' course, it was not to bi' expected that
these coiv-essions were inaJ>^ as an e([U valent
for the delay or abandonment of ,.,i,i,,,,„i,„niMas
the railway — indeed great pains i"'"'^"'"-

rr-\

:«,!li

ill

Uli

Tl'TTr.KS JIISTORV OF TllR DOMINION' OF CANADA.

was tiiki'ii to show that thoy wore quite iiule-
poiuloiit ol' the railway question and had no
bearini^' upon it ; but it is extremelv doulttl'ul
I wliether the propositions would have been
acceded to had it not been for the desire to
propitiate the p(>oph\ and recompense them in
some sliiiht de^Tee for the disappointment they
I were forced to sutler with regard to ihe railway.
With rt>i!^ard to the railway, the Loral GovtMU-
ment was very ur<>ent. On the :.'(ith July. 1S73,
, Licut.-trovernor Trutch addressed a renion-
' strance to the Secretary of State, on the l)r(>ach
I of Terms of Union by the Dominion, as the
railway had not been commenced within two
years alter the Union, as agreed to; and. on the
\ 24th of November a Minute of (."ouncil was
passe ' the l-,ocal Grovernment and forwarded
to tlie ivominion Govt'rnment, in which the
j protest is renewed, and *h»> Minute states
I " that the non-fulfilment by the Dominion
i Government of the terms of Union has caused
a strong- feeling of anxiety and discouragement
to exist throughout the Province."' In reply
to this second remonstrance the Privy Coun-
cil of the Dominion, on the 23rd of December,
passed the following Minute; "The Committee
of Council respectfully recommend that the
ijieutiMiant-Governor of British Columbia be
informed that this Government is giving its
most earnest consideration to the project for
the construction of the Pacific Railway, an
outline of which was <i'iven in a speech
delivered by Mr. ^Mackenzie at Sarnia, on the
25th November, a scheme which they believe
will be acceptable to the whole Dominion,
including British Columbia, and that they hope
lo be able within a short time to communicate
more delinitely with that Province on the
subject.' This, of course, Avas far from pleasing
to the people of British Columbia, and the
discontent increased. On the Pth of Feburary,
I 1874, the Assembly adopted a resolution "That
an humble Address b(> presented to His
Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, respect-
! fully requesting him to protest on behalf of
j the Legislature and people of this Province
j against the infrac tion of the Terms of Union,

Ml-. K.lwir's .Mi-

and to impress uiKm the present Administration
the absolute necessity of commencing the actual
construction of th- railway from the seaboard
of British Columbia early in the present year."
On the 28rd February, 1874, a Minute of the
Executive Council of Uritish Columbia was
passed which (Midorsed the Address of the
Assembly, and concluded: ''The Committee
feel that a strong but respectful prot(>st against
the course pursued by the Dominion Govern-
ment should be once more forwarded to His
Excellency the Governor-General," which was
accordingly done.

3. — Meanwhile Mr. Mackenzie had determined
that it would be best to send an Agent to
British Columbia, and accord-
ingly he scliH'ted Mr. J. D. Edgar,
who left Toronto on the 23rd of Febnxary an<l
reached Victoria, B. C, on the !Hh of ^^.arch.
A short time previous to Mr. Edgar's appoint-
ment, the Hon. Amor DeCosmos. Premier of
British Columbia, had n^signed, (9th Fel)ruary
1874) as he could not continue to sit in both the
liocal House and the Commons, and preferred
the latter, and had been succeeded l)y the Hon.
Geo. A. Walkem. Attorney-General, to whom
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie addressed a letter intro-
ducing Mr. Edgar, in which he said : " Mr. Edgar
will confer with yourself and other members of

I the Government of Columbia on the question

I lately agitating the ptiblic mind in Columbia, and
will ])(> glad to receive your views regarding

I the policy of thetiovernment on ihe construction
of the Railway. But tor the meeting of Parlia-
ment in four wet>ks. som(> members of the
Government would have visited your Province,
but Mr. Edgar as a public man, is well known
here, and fully understands the questions he
will discuss with yoix. I need not, I am sure,
assure you of my own sincere desire to do all
I can, not only to act jx^stly but generously to Co-
lumbia. It is in your interest and is the interest
of the Dominion that we should both act with
a reasonable api>reciation of diliicultes which
are \inav()idal)le. and devise means to remove
them or overcome them. We have induced

j Mr. Edgar to go to Columbia, as we thought

linistratioii
• tho act Hill
le seaboard
sent year."
iitc of the
mbia was
'ss of the
L'ommittee
est against
u Govern-
ed to His j
vhieh was |

[eU'rmined i

Agent to

IilfcMr's .Mi<si(ir.

ruary and

of ^^arch.

s appoint-

'reniier of

February

II both the

preferred

the Hon.

to whom

tter intro-

Mr. Edgar

inbers of

question

mbia, and

egarding

istrui'tion

of I'arlia-

s of the

roAinee,

1 known

stions he

am sure,

to do all

sly toCo-

' interest

act with

^s which

remove

induced

thought

Ci()Vi;i!.\.Mi:NT OF Till'] i:.\|{|- OF DIFFFKLN'— ItRlTlSil L'OLIM lilAS I»lSCONTKX'r. 14:!

you would piefer a full conference with an ;
Agent to a tedious and possibly unsatisfactory |
correspondence." On his arrival, Mr.Edgar called
on Attorney-General Walkem and Lieutenant- \
Governor Trutch, and was received by both as '
the Ag(>nt of the Dominion, and had many con-
ferences with them on the subject of making
some arrangement a])out amending the Terms
of Union, which Mr. Mackenzie had plainly
stated could riot and would not !)e carried out
to the letter by the Dominion.

4. — Mr. Edgar found the Province in a perfect
ferment on the railway (juestion, as on account

Kaiiuro „: Mr. iM- f*^ ^^^' sparseucss of the white
Kar'.-i mission. population — which was estimat-

ed at about 10.000 — everybody expected to be
directly beneiited by it. Mr. Edgar, in his
report, says : " With the exception, perhaps, of
the gold miners, who are conliued to the main-
land, there is no class in the Province that would
not derive immediate personal advantages from
the railway construction expenditure. Those
in business, in trade, and in agriculture would
feel the sti. .ulus instantly ; while those of
means and leasure would be enriched by the
increase in the value of their property." Of
course, where all were so much interested, the
Local Government was only representing the
popular will when it endeavored to hold the
Dominion Government to a fuUilment of the
Te.ms of Union, and Mr. Edgar soon found that
it would be a very dilhcult matter to get the
Government to listen to any proposals which
did not look to the immediate commencement
of the road. Mr. Edgar says in his report that
he did not lind so much anxiety al)Out the time
in which the road was to be completed, as about
the necessity for commencing it at on<e ; aiul it
was urged on him that as, no matter where the
mainland terminus was located, there should
be a road across Vancouver Island, from
Nanaimo to Esqiiiniaull, which was the linest
harbor on the Paciiic coast, that line should be
built at once. After much negotiation — and what
may be called coquetting between Mr. Edgar
and Attorney-General Walkem, the former made
a formal oiler, on the 8th of May, of the terms

which the Dominion Government would be
willing to oiler in lieu of the original Terms of
Union. The proposal starts with the statement
that to complete the road in ten years as called
for by the Tt'rms of Union, was both a mechani-
cal and financial impo.ssibility ; and that instead
of attempting to carry out those terms the
Dominion Government would be willing to
agree :

1st. To commence at once, and iinish as soon
as possible, a railway Irora Es(|uimault to
Nanaimo.

2nd. To spare no expense in settling as
speedily as possible the line to be taken by the
railway on the mainland.

3rd. To commence at once a waggon road
and line of telegraph along the whole length of
the railway in British Columbia, and to con-
tinue the telegraph across the continent.

4th. The moment the surveys and road on the
mainland are completed, to spend a minimum
amount of $1,.")00,000 annually upon the
coji.struction of the railway \vitliin the
Province.

Instead of entering into any discussion of the
propositions, Mr. Walkem raised the question
of Mr. Edgar's authority to represent the
Dominion Government any further than to '• talk
the matter over " and see what the views of the
Local Government were ; and Mr. Ediiar — on
telegraphic instruction from Mr. Mackenzie —
shortly after left for home without having
accomplished anything.

!). — The scene of action was soon changeil to
London, whither Hon. Mr. Walkem rei)ai.'ed
immediately after Mr. Edgar's .n,.. ,.„,,„„,,„
departure, to urge upon the '''^^""■"•
Colonial Secretary that Canada should carry
out the Terras of Union Considerable corres-
pondence and negotiation followed, and, linally,
the Earl of Carnarvon oH'ered to act as .Arbitrator
between the two parties. This was agreed to,
and after having heard all that each side had to
say, and carefully considered the best way to
reconcile the conflicting views of the Provincial
and Dominion Governments, His Lordship
decided on the following terms — known as the

^\r

^^,Jm

1< I

:i I

TCTTIJ-rs IIISTOIJV OF THK DOMIXIOX OF CANADA.

"Carnarvon Terms" as a lair solntiou of the
(lilHciilly :

1. Thai the railway I'rom Esquimault to
Nanaiino sliall be eoinmenced as soon as possible,
and conipleted with all i)rac(i<able despatch.

2. That the surveys on the mainland shall be
pushed on with the utmost vigor.

On this point, alter considering' tlie represen-
tations oi' your Ministers, I feel that I have no
alternative l)ut to rely, as I do most fully and
readily, upon their assurances that no legitimate
t>(i'ort or expense will l)e spared, lirst to deter-
mine the best route I'or the line, and secondly
to proceed with the details of the engineering
work. It would be distasteful to me, if indeed,
it were not impossible to prescribi; strictly any
minimum of time or expenditure with regard to
work of so uncertain a nature; but happily, it
is ('(puilly impossible for me to doubt that your
Government will loyally do its best in every
way to accelerate the completion of a dutj'^ lefi
freely to its sense of honor and justice.

3. That the wauuon road and teleg'raph line
shall be immediately constructed.

There seems here to be gouie difference of
opinion as to the special value to the Province
of the undertaking to complete these two works ;
but after considerina' what has been said, I am
of opinion that they should both be proceeded
with at once, as indeed is suggested by your
Ministers.

4. That s2.000,000 a year, and not $1,500,000,
shall be the minimum expenditure on railway
works within the Province from the date at
which the surveys are sufficiently completed to
enable that amount to be expended oii :onstrui;-
tion.

In naming this amount I understand that, it
being alike the interest and the wish of the
Dominion Government to urge on with all
speed the comi>letion of the works now to be
iindertaktMi, the annual expenditure will be as
much in excess of the minimum of $2,000,000
as in any year may be found practicable.

5. Lastly, that on or before the 31st December,
IS'.iO, the Railway shall bo completed and open
for trailic irom the Pacilic seaboard to a point

at the Western end of Lake Superior, at which
it will fall into connection with existing lines of
Kailway through a portion of the United States,
and also with the navigation on Canadian
waters.

To proceed at present with the remainder of
the railway extending by the country North-
ward of Lake Superior, to the existing Canadian
lini's, ought not, in my opinion, to be required,
and the time for undertaking that work must
be determined by the develoinnent of settlement
and the changing circumstances of the country.
The day is, however, I hope, not very distant
when a continuous line of railway through
Canadian territory will be practicable, and I
therefore look vipon this portion of the scheme
as postjioned rather than abandoned.

6. — Both the Provincial and Dominion Gov-
ernments had agreed to i bide l)y the decision of
the Earl of Carnarvon, and both ,,^,,^,,|, ^^^ |,^^. ,.,^^^,|.
expressed themselves as satisfied in'^jii 'i'.u;"'''''''"
with the terms decided on by ■'"^■"'"'■•
him. t)n the ]><th December, 1874. a Minute
of the Privy Council of the Dominion was
adopted, which after acknowledging receipt of
Lord Carnarvon's despatch of 17th November,
transmitting the " Terms," concludes as follows :
" The Committee of Council respectfully request
that Your Excellency will be pleased to convey-
to Lord Carnarvon their warm appreciation of
the kindness which led his Lordship to tender
his good offices to effect a sett lement of the mat-
ter in dispute ; and also to assure his Lordship
that every effort will be made to secure the
realization of what is expected." In order that
the Dominion shotild carry out its portion of the
agreement loyally, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie intro-
duced a Bill at the next session of Parliament
for the construction of the railway from Esqui-
mault to Nanaimo. On its coming up for second
reading, on the 2!tth of March, a long discussion
took place, and Mr. Wallace moved the three
months' hoist, seconded by Mr. Stephenson,
which was defeated by 02 for, to 101 against.
In Coinmittee some debate occurred on the
section emiwwering the Government to proceed
with the work at once, without submitting the

r, at which

inil' lines of

ited Stales,

Canadian

maindor of
try North-
^ Canadian
(' required,
ivork must
settlement
le country.
M-y distant
y through
)le, and I
he scheme

inion G-ov-
decision of

it uf I he Ksqiii-
t ami Xaiiiiiinu
hill inlliu

a Minute

inion was

receipt of

S'^ovember,

follows :
y request
to convey
ciation of
to tender

the mat-
Lordship
ecure the
jrder that
ion of the
zie intro-
arliament
m Esqui-
or second
iscussion
the three
phenson,

against.
I ou the
> proieed
tting the

(iOVKHNMHNT OK HAIll. Dl'FFKRlN— SKCOXD SKSSION, TIIIKD PARLIAMKXT, 1873 415

contract to Parliament, and Hon. Dr. Tupper
moved to add to the 8th clause the words
'' provided always that any such contract shall
have the previous approval of Parliament,"
which was lost on division (34 for, to 91 against,
and the Bill read a third time and passed. In
the Senate, however, the Bill was defeated by
two votes, and as Mr. Mackenzie did not renew
his Bill in the House, the first claixse of the
Carnarvon Terms was broken ; and the dis-
content of British Columbia, whii h had been
partially allayed, was not only renewed, but
greatly increased.

CHAPTER XLV.

(iovi<:i{\.Mi-:xT OF the kaiu. of duffhrix

— ,SH( 'OX DSKSSIOX, Till RUi'AHLIAMEXT, 1875.
1. Opening of Parliament. Speech from

THE THRONE. — 2. ThE AMNE.STY QUESTION.
— 3. RiEL AGAIN EXPELLED. — 4. The liUD-

GET spL-E("ii.— 5. The Supreme Court Bill.

— G. MiSCEliLANEOUS LEGISLATION. ProRO-
OATION.

1. — The second session of the third Parliament

of the Dominion was opened at Ottawa on the

fourth of February, by His Ex-

iiiuiit. siieeiii ivoiii cellcncy the trovernor G-eneral.

tliu Throne. _,, r, i p i mi

The fepecch trom the Throne
congratulated the House on the success which
had attended the formation of t.. e Mounted
Police Force for the North- West, and on the
conclusion of Treaties with the Crees and
Sauteux. The Supreme Court Bill — which had
made its appearance in nearly every Speech
from ^he Throne since Confederation — was
again promised ; and also a new Insolvency Act.
Bills for re-organizing the Government of the
North- West Territories ; with reference to Insur-
ance, and on the subject of Copyright were
promised ; and the announcement made that
gratifying progress had been made in the sur-

veys of the Canada Pacific Railway, and thai
measures had been taken to secure the i-arly
completion of the Georgian Bay Brancli. With
reference to the commercial depres.sion it was
said, " I am happy to believe that notwithstand-
ing the general and widespread commercial
depression which hais prevailed over the con-
tinent, the trade of Canada is sound, and that
the contraction we havi' experienced in .some
branches of industry for the past year has not
been greater than might naturally have been
anticipated." On the lifth the Address in reply
to the Sjieech from the Throne was moved
in the Senate by Hon. D. Wark, seconded by
Hon. D. Baillargeon; and in the Commons by
Mr. L. H. Frechette, seconded by Mr. (.'olin Mac-
dougull. In both Houses it was adopted with-
out amendment.

2. — The first question of importance w't''!!
attracted the attention of the House was thai of
amnesty to the participants in ^1,, A.nne-ty .-ue.-
the troubles in the North- West in """•
1869-70. On the 8th February Hon. Mr. Holton
inquired whether it was the intention of the
Grovernment to submit any propo.sitiou to the
Hou.se on the subject of those troubles, and Hon.
Mr. Mackenzie replied that it was. On the 11th
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie moved a long resolution
to the effect that an address should be presented
to His Excellency praying that a General Am-
nesty .should be extended to all particii)ants in
the troubles of 18()0-70, except Riel, Lepine and
O'Donohue, and to the two former after live
years' banishment. The resolution quoted at
length from the evidence taken before the
North- West Committee of last session to show
that an amnesty had been promised by the late
(iovernment ; and Mr. ^Mackenzie tried to make
it appear that the present Government was only
keeping the faith which the late G-overnment
had pledged. The debate was continued for
two days by Messrs. Mackenzie Bowel], Sir
John A. Macdonald, Hon. Mr. Blake, Wallace,
Ryan, Masson, Devlin, Mousseau. Laurier, Hon.
Mr. Fournier. Hon. Mr. Cauchon, Ouimet,
Frechette, DeCosmos, Desjardins, St. Jean,
Pickard, Gaudet, Mackenzie, (Montreal West),

ifr:

.ii

I t

I :V

■1!

m^li

»4t!

Tl'TTLK'S HISTOIIV OK TFIR DOMINroN OF CANAPA.

Coiipal, Pope, ("mrii'V, Sciivcr, Ryinal, Brooks,
Fi.sot and Ciuoii. Mr. Movi.sst'uu moved an
iiiru'iidiiuMit, lo till' cllt'ct that i'anli'd to all pi'rsons concorri "d iii
the North-West troublets, which was neiiutived
by a vote ol' 2;! for. l.J2 auainsl. Mr. Farrow
ihon moved an amendm.-nt to the tffert that
amnesty had been promised to Anhbishop
Taehe by some members of the present Cabinet,
which was lost on division; and Hon. Mr.
Mackenzie's motion was then adojjted — Yeas,
120; Nays. jo. In 1877 amnesty was also ex-
tended to O'Donohue — who had been previously
excluded on aecnunt of his participation in the
Fenian raid in Manitoba, in 1871 — and so the
i)itteruess with regard to the troul)les of 18G1I-70
was removed. Amnesty was formally pro-
claimed on 2.')th April, 1875.

3. — There still remained one (juestion con-
nected with the North-West to settle, and that
. was the position of Loixis liiel as
a member elect ol the House.
We have already stated the circumstances
at teiidinii' his expulsion in 187-1, bid the people
of Provencher re-elected him, and it became
necessary to deal with this question auain.
On the lath February, Hon. Mr. Mackenzie
said he de.sired to intimate to the House
the course he proposed to pursue wath
regard to the member elect for Provencher. He
stated that on Wednesday the 10th instant, the
linal sentence of Outlawry was pronounced in
the Court of Queen's Bench in Manitoba, and
upon the same day the formal record of the
sentence was forwarded to the tSecretary of
State. He thought it would be the most con-
veuient method, and one that perhaps would
l)est ])lace upon the jonrnals the precedent for
any future action, to have that formal sentence
laid upon the table of the House, and to base
ripon it the motion for expulsion, precisely as
was done in the Imperial Parliament in the case
of ( )"Donovan lvos,sa. In that case Mr. Gladstone
iirsi laid the judgment of the Court on the table,
and then made his motion in accordance with
the fact that was established by the Judgment,
namely, that he had ceased to be qualihi'd to be

a member of the House.* On the 24lh, Jlon.
Mr. Mackenzie moved that the sentence of Out-
lawry, which had been laid on the table, be
read, which was carrie<l : and he thou moved
•' That it appears that Louis Kiel, a member of
this Hou.se, has ])een adjudtt'ed an Outlaw for
felony."' In doing .so hi- stated that he was only
following the course adopted by Imperial Par-
liament in tile ca.ses (,f Smith O'Brien and
O'Donovan Uossa, uiuler similar, or nearly
similar circumstances, as he had been advised
that the sentence of Outlawry was equivalent to
a conviction 1)y the Court of the crime changed
in the indictment. Hon J. H. Camenjii raised
the objection that in the Province of Manitol)a,
whatever it might be elsewdrere, the proceedings
in Outlawry ui)on an indictment for felony
could not he ha.d in the manner reipiir-'d by the
law of England. The debate was continued l)y
Hon. Mr. Fournier, Sir John A. ^Nlacdonald,
Messrs. Mills, ]\lasson, Cauchon. Geoli'rion and
Bal)y, the question not being so much as to
whether or not Riel should be exi)elied, but as
to what was the right way to do it. Mr. Plumb
then moved in amendment, " It appears on the
face of the record of proceedings brought before
this House that no legal or valid judgment of
Outlawry has been rendered against the said
Louis Riel. member for I'rovencher, and it also
appears from the &ame record that the said Louis
]{iel, having been iiulicted for murder, has not
been arrested nor appeared nor pleaded to said
indictment nor surrendered to take trial thereon,
but has been and continues to be voluntarily
absent and a fugitive from jixstice from the
Province of Manitoba. Be it therefore resolved,
that the said Louis Riel shs: 11 be and he is hereby
expelled from this House." After some debate
in which ^lessrs. Masson, Fournier, Macdonnell,
(Inverness), Flesher, Holton, and others parti-
cipated, Mr. Pluni])"s amendment was i)ut and
lost, 21 for, 140 against. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie's
motion was then carried, 13« for, 31 against.

4.— On the 10th February, Hon. Mr. Cart-
wright, Minister of Finance, made his Budget

• Iliin.-Mid,!.. i;*i.

(lOVKItXMIlNT Ol' i;.\[{I- I)C|-FKi;i\ -SFX'OXI) SHSSIOX, 'l'IIIi;i> 1'.\I!M,\MI:NT. 1S7.V U7

I SpiMH'h. The oxpi'nditui'cs lor

the year ('luliiiii- ■>"lli .liiiic, 1^(4,
wiTo $L'n,:)l<i,0O0, ail iiicrt'ase of 84,140,000 ov.n
the prei't'diiig' yciir, which he t'xpliiiiicd was
causi'd by the anu'ineiitatioii ol' the intiTost on
tho (li'ht l)y $')fMl,()00; fxponscs on account of
the admission of Princp Edward Island, liiOO,-
OOO ; increased snl)sidy, \'c., to New lirunswiik,
s;S50.000; maintenance ol' Dominion railways,
8000.000 ; increased indemnity to members, &c.,
$400,000; elections, • $200,000 : North-West
Mounted Police, §200,000; Indians, 8100,000;
Post oifice, 8300,000 ; miscellaneous, $200,000 ;
making- altogether, $4,2r)0,000, which was a
little more than the increase named. Tho
receipts for the same period were 824,200,000,
being' $18,400,000 more than the preceding year,
and showing a nominal surplus of $8,S(),00(l,
from which had to be deducted a sum of 8100,-
000 for Ordinance lands, and $45,(100 received
from the British Government on account of
IJoundary Sur\'eys, both of which sums would
have to be paid out. lie claimed that the
changes in the tarilf last session had increased
the revenue from Customs about 82.000,000, the
remaining $.').")0,000 increase being partly attri-
butable to the admission of Prince Edward
Island, and partly to Excise duties. "With regard
to the Estimates for 187") the amount charge-
able to income was $24,8;j7,488, and the esti-
mated revenue about $2."),2o0,000. On Capital
accoiint, $14,717,000 would be required, which
was needed lor the Intercolonial, Prince Edward
Island and Pacilic Uaihvays, enlargement of the
canals, and other public works. With regard to
the loan for .€4.000,000 sterling, lately nego-
tiated in London, he said thai the net proceeds
had be(>n a little over $17,.")0n,000. It was pro-
po.sed to use $10,000,000 of that to pay off
maturing debt, and the remainder on public
works, lie defended the course of the Grovern-
men in placing the loan, and claimed that a
very considerabli< sum in interest had been
saved by the transaction. Hon. Dr. Tupper
reviewed the linancial statement at considerable
length, and was Ibllowed by Messrs. Cartwright,
Domville. Mackenzie, Mitchell, Smith, Burpee,

i'lumb and (loudue; alter which iln- usual!
motion to '4'o into Committee of Sui>ply was j
carried.

5.— On tho 2".rd of February. lion. Mr.]
Fournier introduced the Supreme Court Bill.
The Bill as pa,ssed constitutes a .|.|,,. s,„,r,.„„. Cn,.,i
Supreme Court and Court of "'"•
Exchequer for thi' D()mini()ii. to l)e Courts of
Ixocord and to consist of a Chief Justice and
six .Indues, any live being a quorum in term.
They are to be cho.sen among Judues of the
Superior Courts or barristers or advocates of
ten years standiim; two of them must be taken
from th(> Judges or barristers or advocates of
Quebec; must residi' within five miles of
Ottawa ; tenure of ollice same as of other Judges
of Siiperior Court><; salaries. Chief Justice,
88.0U0, of Judges, 87,000. Two sessions to be
held vearly in Ottawa, beginning on the third
Moiulay in January, and lirst Monday in June.
The Court to have criminal and civil jtirisdiction
throughcmt Canada, and decisions to be llnal.
the riu'ht to appeal to the Imperial Courts
l)eing taken away except so far as it atfects
Imperial interest. The second reading took
place on the ItUh March, when a short
discussion took place in which Messrs. Palmer.
Taschereau, Mills, Irving, Moss. Wilkes and
Cameron participated. On the motion for the
third readmg, on 30th March, Mr. AVhite
moved the six months hoist, which was lost,
Yeas, 38 ; Nays, 121. Several amendments
were proposed and lost ; and Mr. Irving nlfered
an amendment to the etl'ect that the decisions
of the Court should be linal (which was no' in
the original Bill) which was accepted by Hon.
Mr. l""ournier, aiul. aft(M- some debate, adopted
by a vote of 112 for, to 40 auainst. Some
furlhiu' ameiulments were voted down and the
Bill passed its third reading.

(J. — The House was prorogued on the 8th of
April, His I'lxcellency gi\ ing assent to fifty-six
public and forty-two private and Mi.^ciiaiunii.^ Li-l-i-
local Acts. Amongst th(! most '""""•' ''■•"'■•"-"'"""•
I important Acts passed were, an Act amending
the Postal Act, providing for the free delivery
of letters in cities and towns, changing the rate

ii!l

TUTTLKS IIlSToin- OK TIIK I>()MINION OK CANADA.

of lunvsimpi-r i)()stii;^c to one cont per pound,
and inlioiluc inn- other chiiimi-s; an Insolvency
Act. Ont* of till' most inii)oiliiiit IJills was that
piovidinL;- a Torritorial Govfrnnicnt lor thi'
Noi'tli-Wcst T'-nitorics, entirely independent ol"
Manitoba, the (iovernnient to consist oi' a Lieu-
tenant Governor, (salary, |i7,0()()), and a t'oimcil
ol' live, (salary, $l,(tOO each.) A Copyright Act
Was also i)asse(l. and a.ssent to it reserved, The
15111 was suhsequeiil ly apjiroved.

"f ThmIc.

CHAPTER XLVI.

(iOVKIIN.MKNT OKTIIK KAI.'L OF DIKKKIJIX—
I'lMNCIKAl, KVKNT.SOK is?.").

1. I)<i.\riNI(iN IJdAUn uF TliADE. — 2. FlKKS. — 3.

Till-. (KiiMoiti) fASK. — 4. Raiiavav and
<>Tii::i! AcciDK.VTs.— 5. Makixe Di.^asters. —

0. ()T1;!'1! EVE.NTS of the VEAl!.

1. — The lil'th annual meeting of the Dominion
ISoard ol' Tradi' wa 'leld in the Railway
Cnininittee Room. Ottawa, com-
mencing on the lUth January,
and la.sting lour days. The President, W. H.
Rowland, ]!]sq., presided. The first subject
discussed was that of advising the establishment
of a l)ej)artment of Commerce in conjunction
with the Department of Agriculture, to be pre-
sided over by a Cabinet Minister. Mr. Thomas
"White, Jr.. moved an amendment to the effect
that the Dei)artment should be dis'inct Irom the
Department of Agriculture, as everything that
DepartnuMit had attempted in the way of statis-
tics had ))een a failure. After some disciission
the amendment was carried. Mr. Adam IJrown
moved that the question of establishing Tribu-
nals of Commerce or Arbitration Courts be
broiiiiht under the special notice ol the Minister
of Justice. The resolution was adopted after a
short debate, which showed that the delegates
felt that a system of arbitration would be lar
preferable to the existing costly and tedious
modes of litigation. Considerable discu.ssion

took place cm the rights of telegrajth companies
to construct their lines alonu' certain railroads,
l)ut no decision was arrived at. A lonii' deliate
occurred on the proposed terms of the Reci-
procity Treaty which Hon. Mr. IJrown had
been endeavouring to get accepted at Washing-
ton, some of the clauses being approved and
others condemned. A motion to the ell't><'t that
thi^ ICxIraditioii Treaty between Canada and
the United States should be so amended as
to include fraudulent de])etors was discussed,
l)ut was not adopted. Resolutions were
adopted with reference to holding enijuiries
in all cases of shijiwrecks, and also to placing fog
whistles at certain points in the Gulf A
resolution was introduced l)y Hon. Mr. Stairs,
on behalf of the Halifax Chamber of Com-
merce, to the effect that the stamp tax on liills of
Exchange was very troublesome and annoyina',
and as it yielded but little revenue, it should be
repealed as soon as po.ssible. A longdi.scu.ssiou
ensued, the arguments not being so much in favor
of th(! tax as against decreasing the revenue
and two amenduKMits were lost, after which the
motion was carried on a division by a vote of
26 to 20. Mr. Clemow, of Ottawa, read a A'ery
int(>r(>stinu' paper on the iron resources of the
Ottawa Valley, in which he argued that only
a slightly protective tariff was needed to
develope this industry; and moved that the
paper be presented to the Crovernor-in-Council
as the opinion of the Board. Mr. Fry moved
in amendment that the paper be printed in the
Mintites, and after some discussion the amend-
ment was carried by 24 to IS. Mr. Sewell, of
the Levis Board of Trade, spoke in favor of the
practicability of the winter navigation of the
St. Lawrence, claiming that a stout steamer
could make from eight to nine knots an hour
throttgh the floe ice, and that there was no
<langer. He moved that the Dominion Govern-
ment be petitioned in favor of assisting in the
establishment of a line of winter steamers
between Quebec and the Maritime Provinces,
which was carried by 24 to 14. A motion was
adopted without division ttrging the Dominion
Government to reconsider its action with regard

iph companies

tain lailroucls,

A lony (lcl)at«'

of the Rcci-

Urovvii had
1 at AVafshiiiji-
ipi)i()Vfd and
the ell'oct that
Canada and
amt'iidcd as
as discussod,
utions were
ing onquirios
placing log
le Gulf. A
n. Mr. Stairs,
ber of Com-
ax on IJillsof
nd annoyinu",
, it should l)e
nu' discussion
nuch in favor
the revenue
'r which the
by a vote of
, read a very
urces of the
d that only

needed to
■d that the
•-in-Coiincil
Fry moved
inted in the
the amend-
r. Sewell, of
'avor of the
.tion of the
ut steamer
ols an hour
ire was no
on Govern-
'ting in the
r steamers

Provinces,
notion was

iJominion
tfith regard

■■.V

»"H

I'll

I ^i

I'.,.

I 'i

^■l

!».

to
to
N

111

it)
ch
ex
th
of
B(
va
eii
CO
th

Ti
Ml

\V(
yo;
im
ill

CO]

pi.
Til
\vt
pil
crt
(le
th(
Kx
on
oo;
ye

Ha
ail
an
on

\Vi
SIM

ro(

■i

(;ovF':i{nmi:nt of tjih karf> of DrFFFinx— i'Ijixcipal fvhnts of is-n.

449

Firi's

to the Wi'lland Canal, and to incvcast^ thu depth |
to Iburtcon fcot. Mr. C. 1'. Fairweathcr, of
Now Bninswick, was elected rresidont lor the
ensuing year, and alter the usual votes of thanks ;
the Board adjourned sine 'lie.

2. — The iires of 1875 were neither so numer-
ous or so eostly as those of some other years,
still they showed a lars-e augre-
gate loss of life and property.
On the 11th January Winnipeg, Manitoha, had
its lirst great fire, several business houses and
dwellings lieing destroyed, and damage to the
extent of $15,U00 done. About one o'clock on
the morning of the 25th January, the farm-house
of Vierre Delude, about three miles from
Boucherville, 1'. Q.. took lire, nnd buriiecl no
rapidly that althoiigh he esciDcd his wife and
eight rhiidren were burned t » death, indeed so
completely destroyed that a.il that was found of
the nine persons would not have tilled a com-
mon soap box. On the 9th March the Grand
Trunk offices and car-shop at Point St. C'harle.s,
Montreal, were entirely destroyed, and $50,000
worth of damage done. The largest lire of the
year occurred on the 0th June, when the
immen.se saw-mill of Gilniour & Co.. situated
in Hull, r.Q., and said to be tlie largest and most
completi' mill of the kind in Canada, was com-
pletely destroyed, involvinu' a lo.ss of $1.">0,000.
The city of Hull was in ureal danger, for then-
was nearly 10,000,000 feet of lumber in tlie
piling yards adjoining the mill, and if that had
caught nothing coiild have saved a very large
destruction; but, fortunately the exertions of
the firemen confined tlie Ifanies to the mill.
Extensive forest fires raged in Nova Scotia, and
on the Upi)er Ottawa in June, and did very
considerable damage. The saddest fire of the
year occurred about eleven o'clock on the night
of the 4th of Deceml)er, in Lajeunesse's hotel.
Hack River, lU'ar Montreal, when the f)rilliant
and elo(iuent young Irish i)riest, Fiilher Murphy,
and his friend, Father Lynch, met an untimely
end. They had stop|)ed at the hotel on their
way to St. Therese, and were in a room on the
second floor, when a gas machine near their
room exploded, and they wi're sull'oiated and

Thf (filil)iipl i:l.-e.

burned l)efore help could reach them.
:]. — A funeral of more than ordinary importance
took i)lace in the Cote des Neigcs Cenu'tery,
Montreal, on the 10th November
when the remains of Jo.seph
(iuibord, who had then been dead nearly six
years — were finally disposed of, after much
litin'ation as to where their last resting place
should be. Mr. Guibord was a printer of standing
and respectability in the City of Montreal, and
a member of the Roman Catholic Church with
which he was in good favor until h(\joined the
Int^litiff Canndien, a f.,iberal Catholic organization
whicli incurred the displeasure of the Church
l)y the independence of its views; and which
displeasure .so much increased that its members
were excommunicated by the Bishop. ( )n the |
18th November, 1800, Joseph Guibord died of
apoplexy, and burial with the usual ceremonies
of his Church was denied him on the ground
that he had died at variance with the Church.
The friends of Guibord, however, were not di.^-
posed to accei)t withoixt remonstran<e the dictum
of the Church. It so happened that Guibord
had Ixmght and paid for a burial lot in the
Cote des Neia'cs Cemetery ; and his frieiuls
claimed that he had a civil riiiht in the land
which the Church could not ignore. Accord-
ingly the remains were deposited in the vaults ,
of the Protestant Cemetery, and civil action '
was taken to force the Fabrique of Notre '
Dame to bury Guil)ord. The case dragged
its weary length throi;<>-h the Courts for over
five years, Ijoing decided both for and auainst
the l'"abrique and at last was appealed to the
Privy Council. The contention in the ca,M'
may be l)riefly stated as this : the Fabri(iue
held that the matter was a purely ecclesiastical
one and did not come within the jurisdiction of
the Civil Courts at all; that the Church had an
undoul)ted right to regulate its own s|)iritual
matters and to say whu should or should not be
regarded as a memlier; that (Juibord had died
without the pale of the Church and, therefore
could iu)t be accorded Christain burial. On the
other hand the hisliliil (.'inidtlien contended that
the Fabrique had entered into a civil cimtract

'f-l

I i'i

■!:i I

450

Tl'TTr.K'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

with (rui])orcl which it was bound to oarry out ;
it liad sold and reci'ivt'd the money for a piece
or land lor the specific and well defined
purpose of its being used as a burial jdace
for Guibord when he died, and that, therefore,
when he did die the Fabrique was bound to
carry out the contract and bury him. The
Privy Council decided that Guibord had a civil
riglit to be buried, and so ordered. The case
had attracted the attention of the whole
Dominion, specially in Quebec and t)nTario,
the former upholding the Ecclesiastical and the
latter the Civil power, and " Poor Guibord's
bones '" had almost became a stock heading in
the newspap(>rs, when, on the 2nd of September,
an attempt was made to carry out the order of
the I'rivv Council and have what was left ol'

* I

Giiibord buried. On that day the coffin was <
removed from the vault of the Protestant !
Cemetery and taken to the Koman Catholic |
Cemetery at Cote des Xeige.^ where a '
grave had bi'i'u dug next to that of Madame |
Guibord, who had died while the case was
pending. liut Guibord"s bones were not to
rest in peace yet. The case had attracted
great attention amongst the lower orders of
I'rcn h ]Jomau Catholics, who regarded the
order of the Privy Council as an attempt to
over-.ide the Church ; and, accordingly, when
the funeral cortege reached the Cemetery gates
it found an infuriated crowd which barred the
entrance, .closed the gates, and refused to allow
the hear.se to enter ; while some of the crowd, to
inak^ assurance doubly sure, tilled up the grave.
There was no funeral that day. The coffin was
returned to ihc Protestant vault, and a strong-
guard of i)olice placed in the Cemetery, it hav-
ing been freely threatened that the vault would
be forced, and the colfin and its contents
abstracted and destroyed, so as to render burial
impossible. For the next six weeks the exiite-
ment rose to a fearful pitch ; the case was now
regarded as a struggle between Church and
Slaltv and it was felt that it must be made
ajiparent that the State was supreme, not the
Cl.'urcl) ; and that the order of the highest
Legal Court in the Umpire must be obeyed, no

matter whom it might offend. The counsel for
the Institul Cnnmlien, Mr. Joseph Doutre, Q.C.,
waited until the formal decree of the Privy
Council had been received, before making the
second attempt to have Guibord buried, and
when that attempt was made on the 16th No-
vember, every precaution had been taken to in-
sure the carrying out of the order of the Privy
Council, even by force of arms if necessary.
The whole volunteer force in Montreal and
every policeman who coixld be spared from
duty, was called into requisition, and few
of the military heroes who have been buried
in Montreal, were ever escorted to the
grave by so imposing a military force as that
which followed the remains ot the poor printer
to their last resting place. This time there was
no disturbance. The gates were open, the grave
dug, and Guil)ord's coffin finally deposited in
\i — with rather " Maimed rights ' as far as the
Church was concerned, but still the order of the
Privy Council was carried out and he was
buried. On account of the fear that the body
would be exhumed, the grave had been made
much larger than usual and partly filled with
cement and scrap iron before the coffin was

' placed in it, and after that was done the grave
was filled up with the same material so that

! the colhn was enclosed in an immense mass of
cement and iron, several barrels being used.
There was no attempt at exhumation, however,
for His Lordship Bishop Bourgct unconsecrated
that portion of the Cemetery in wdiich Guibord

; lies, and as the Catholics considered that the
disgrace of having an excommunicated person
buried in holy ground was thereby removed,
the excitement soon died out, and Guibord's
bones were left to rot in peace.

4. — A railway accident of an unusual kind
occurred on the Richmond, Drummond and
Arthabaska Railway on the .wen- H,iu,,„, „,„, „„,„ ,
ing of the 28th September. '"•'■'■''■""•
whereby 11 persons lost their lives and 28 were
injured. Shortly after six oClock six platform
cars with an engine behind them left Yamaska
for Sorel, having on board about 7.") workmen
who had been engaged on the roa<l. About two

hi!!^

GOVKIJNMKNT Of'' THE KARL OF Dl'Fi-MCRIN— PJUNCIPAL EVENTS OF IST.").

a:»i

miles i'lom Yuinaska the curs ran on to a lot of
rails which had hecii placed acios.s the trark —
it was supposed, by some men who had been
refused work on the road — and the cars were
thrown off the track. Most of the men succeeded
in jumping from the cars in safety, but a large
number were killed or injuied. Aboxit nine
o'clock in the evening of the .3rd February an im-
mense mass of snow aiid ice slid from the top
of Cape Diamnid, Quebec, and fell on a frame
house standing under the cliff. The house was
crushed like an eggshell, and a man, his wife,
four children and an old woman were buried in
the Tiiins and taken out dead. On the 1st of
November there was a heavy storm at Quebec,
and while it was raging the ferry steamer
Monlmorenci attempted to land her passengers
at St. Famille, Isle of Orleans, in the usual
manner, that is in a scow. Forty-five passengers
had got into the scow when i. was dashed
against the ferry boat by the waves and upset,
thirteen persons being drowned.

5. — The year 1875 was a most disastrous one
to Canadian st>a-goinii' vessels, the number of
casualties reported being 204,
involving the loss of .SS8 lives
and property to the value of over $2,500,000.
The most appalling disaster of the year as far as
the number of lives was concerned, occurred
about 9 o'clock on the evening of the 4th Nov-
ember when the steamer Pacific from Victoria,
B. C. to San Francisco, collided with the sailing
ship Orpheus, and was almost immediately
sunk, and out ■ f the 238 persons she had on
i board only two v/ere saved. The Pacific had
j about 600 tons of freight on board and $178,000
in specie. The Orpheun did not oiler to render
' any assistance, but sailed away from the sinking
I steamer which went down so suddenly that
' there was no time to Ui'inch the boats. The
[ next disaster in point of magnitude was the loss
I of the steamer Vic/cuhurf^, of the Dominion Line
by which 76 lives and a cargo valued at about
1100,000 were lost. Th.' Vicksl)i(r<j; left (Juel)ec
on till! 27th May with S < al)in and 25 steerage
passengers and a crew o'" (id, and ran into
Held ice in the (lull' on the -iOth. About

Murine (lisastors.

11 o'clock on the niiiht of the ;51st, while
running at half speed, she struck .solid ice,
and a hole was stove in her l)ow. She was
h elided for St. John, Newfoundland, from
whence she was about 120 miles distant, but the
water gained so much on the steam pumps that
it finally put out the fires, and about .six o'clock
on the morning of the 1st Jur.t> the boats waw
lowered, but only live of the crew got into the
iirst, nine crew and three passenu'ers into the
second, and about thirty persons into the third,
the remainder of the crew and pjissengers going
down with the ship, which sunk about half-
past six. The l)oat with five men in it W'as
picked up by the steamer Georgia and carried
to New York, and the one with three passenyers
—amongst whom was Mr. 13. McShane, of Mon-
treal — and nine crew was picked up by an
Amerii'an fishing vessel, and taken to St. Johns,
Newfoundland. The third boat was never
beard of.

6. — Several changes took place in the Cabinet
during the year. On the 18th ^Liy, the Hon.
D. A. Macd' aald, Postmaster- „„,,,. ^,^.^,,„, „,. „,^,
General, was appoint .'d Lieuten- '"■'"■•
ant Grovernor of Ontario, and his porticlio was
taken by Hon. Telesphore Fournier, MinLster of
Justice; on the same day Hon. Edward Blake
again entered the Cabinet, and accepted the
office of Minister of Justice. On the 8th of
October, Hon. Telesphore F'ournier was aji-
pointed one of the Puisne Judges of the
Supreme Court, and on the following day Hon.
L. S. Huntington, President of the Privy Coun-
cil, was appointed I*ostmaster General vice
Fournier. The Presidency of the Council was
not filled until the 7th December, when the
Hon. J. E. Cauchon was sworn of the
Privy Council, and appointed to the Presi-
dency of Jiat body. On the 15(h May
His Excellency left Canada on a pleasure
trip to England, where he remained until
the 22nd October. On the 18th June, the
change of gauge on the completed portions of
the Intercolonial was commenced, and rapidly
completed. One very noticeable feature of the
year was the large immigration of Mennonites

.»-. ;!

k'5;;l.'

It !.|E

^Hi

ir)2

TUTTI^KS iriSTOIJY OF TllK UOMIXION OF CANADA.

who settlod in Manitoba, being induced thereto
by the lavorable reports oi' the eolony which
had settled in the Province the provions year.
One ol' the .saddest event.s ol' the year was the
unprovoked attack on a (.'atholic procession ol'
Avomen and children while makinij- a "pilgrim-
age "' in Toronto, on Sunday, 2Gth September,
})y a party of Oranuc Younu' IJritons, in which
a number of persons — especially policemen —
were very severely injured, but fortunately, no
lives were lost, although revolvers were freely
used. This was one of the outcroppings of the
Guil)ord afiair, the Orangemen having the idea
that the Catholics were defying the civil
authority, and refusing to bury Ouibord after
the Privy Covmcil had ordered his interment.
It is only just to the respectable body of
Orangemen to say that they strongly con-
demned the action of the rowdy element of the
order. Trade remained dull, and times hard,
and one of the most significant signs oi the
times was the meeting of over 100 leading
maniifacturers in Toronto, on the 26th Novem-
ber, and the adoption of resolutions in favor
of a protective jiolicy on the part of the
Canadian (Jovernment as against United States
manufactures.

CIIAPTEW XLVII.

(lOVElJXMK.XT OFTIli: KMUj OF DUFFKUIX—
CA.NAh.V AT TllK CKNTFXXXIAL.

1. IIisToKic.vi, iMPoin'ANci': 01-" Intkux.vtion.\l

ExiIIIilTION.^. — 2. OlilGIN OK THE PlIIIiADKIi-

iMii.v K.MiiurnoN. — 3. A ohkat .natioxai,

EXI'KUIMKNT ENTI-;itlCl) UI'dN WITH SEI.!-" COX-
I'lDKNCE AXl) EXTHfSIAS.M. — 4. TlIE Ht'N'li-
Alil-E ClIAIiACTER OK THE ExilUilTIoX AS A
WHOLE. — O. CoSMOl'OMTAN SrilUT 0I>' TlIE

Amekicax ixviT.vrioN. — •!. IIeaijty ues-

I'OXSE TO THE INVITATION. — 7. THE CaXADIAX
CoMMISSIoNEI{S. XatIoXAL Al'I'RECI.VTIOX oK
THEIR SERVICES. — 8. TllEIR RESl'OXSIHI MTIES
AND DIKFICri-TIES AM) THEIR INITIATORY

i'lax ok meetino them. — 0. provincial
Advisory Hoards. Their success. — 10.
1'laxs for ii,lu.-<tratin« Canadian in-
dustry. The .MINERAEoOiCAE EXHIIilT. — 11.

The liU.MRER EXHIIilT. Ingenious and at-
tractive MODE OK DISPLAY. — 12. ThE AR-
ra\(u:.me\ts as to some other exhirits. —

13. The transport .vtion arrangements. —

14. The Cextexxiae Commissioxers and
their arrangements for exhiiiltors. — 15.
System ok awards and Judges duties. — IG.
The ExHiiiiTioN grounds and huiedings. —

17. The large space occupied ijy Canada.

18. IIow THE Canadian (iooDs were dis-
piAYED. — 19. Canada on the opening day.
— 20. The Inaugural ceremonies. — 21.
Splendid receptions and EXTERTAiNiMENTs.
— 22. Makked .vttextion shown Canada hy
kureioners.

1. — An International Congress must always
b(> hailed as an event of great importance,
for whether its object be the „. . . ,

•' lli.'<liini'.'il

termination of some unhappy 'iX\'n'i't'!!inMi'^
t'ontention, or the improvement '•"i"'"'"""-
of the laws which regulate the intercourse of
nations, it has special claims upon the sympathies
of humanity. Such assemblies will always
occupy a jiromincnt place in history, ibr they
mark the steps by which the family of nations
attempts to improve its relationships. There
have been many undertakings of the kind in
our time, varying in the l)oldness of their design,
the elaborateness of their details, and the splen-
dour of their succ(>ss. In this chai)ter we have
to record the history, and general character and
results, of another of the.se great undertakings
in which tiie Dominion of Canada bore a high
and conspicuously honourable part, and which
has done more to display to the world her vast
material resources, and rapidly developing
industries, to prove the eneruy, enterprise and
skill ol her pcojjle, and to elevate her in the
scale of nations, than any event in her history
which has occurred within the memory of men
now living. To the Canadian reader of to-day,
in whose mind the achievements of his country.

*!'■'■

OVINCIAL

^SS. —

- 10.

DIAN

IN-

IHIT.-

-11.

AXl)

AT-

Thk

AU-

HI BITS. —

mi; NTS.—

■Kits

AND

OUS.-

-15.

HES-

-IG.

(iOVKI.'N.MKNT OF TlIM KAJJL OK DIKKKIMN— CAN'AI>.\ AT T(IH ("KNTKXNIAF-.

^^^

at this exhibition of tht^ world's industries, are
still vividly inipros.scd, t ho comprehensive sketch
which appears in these pa^es may not have the
charm and freshness which l)eloii->- to descriptions
of those hislra of the nations held a (juarter of a
century ago. The distance which lends enchant-
ment to old time history will be wantinu" here.
But the time will c()me.--the time, perhaps,
when Canuda shall be holding an International
Exhibition of her ow]i--wheii a vital interest,
in this recent national event, will be felt liy
explorers amoni^si these repertoires of Canadian
annals, and it is none the less the duty of a
faithful historian to leave on record those promi-
nent facts and features of his theme, l)y which
alone jiosterity can estiu;atv' arif^'bl the jiart which
his country has ])layed, and the rank which has
l)een assigned her, at an exposition of such
trauscendant importance to her own national
interests and welfare.

2. — The circumstances under which the In-
ternational Exhibition at Philedelphia was held,
may be very brielly recited. On
I'li'i'i'hii'iphiM the third of March, 1871, the
Government ot the united .states,
having determined to ci'lebrate the hundredth
anniversary of their indepe"^'^"iice, created, liy
an Act of Congress, the Uniieu States Centen-
nial Commission to providt> for ''An Internat ional
l']xliibitiou of Arts, Manufactures, and Products
of the Soil and Mine.'' to be held in the city of
Philadeliihiii, in the year 187(5. By anoth(>r
Act of Congress, bearing date the 1st day of
June, 187i', a Centennial Board of Finance was
appointed to make the necessary arrangements
lor carrying out the objects of the Commission.
j These Acts of Conii-ress were approved and
I coniirmed on the iJrd day of July, 187t{, by a
1 proclamation of the President of the United
States, and on the lii'th ot that month, the
Secretary of State. Mr. Hamilton Fish, notiiied
the same to the several foreign Ministers at
; Washington. On the oth of .Tune. 1S74, an Act
of Congress was approved extending invitations
to take part in the Exhibition to foreign gov-
j ernments, and a formal invitation was forthwith
! sent to Her Majesty's Government through the
i [ ^

nsual channels, and to the Oovernment of
Canada. Thus was calli^l into existence, for
the first time, a celebration of the National
Independence of one ol Enyland's oldest and
greatest Colonies, in which thi' members of the
Colonial Empire everywhere were cordially
invited to join, and at which they were destined
to exhibit to admiriny- millions proofs of their
rising power and ureatne.s.x, of I heir ch'voted
loyalty to the Mother country, and of a
sympathy with the people of the Fnitcl States
so strong and heartfelt as to make it appear to j|
the representatives of other races that the Anglo
Saxon, in whatever part of the earth he may be
planted, is ever striving for that excellence
which is alike benelicial to himself and his
fellow men.

3.— We can well ixnderstand that, with all the
self-conlidence of the American people — and the
liery trials of a cruel civil war a lt.mi niiii..n:,i

hi . ,1 , i'\|iMri ill iMitcrf.l
ad given tliein every reason to n wim mMc.mi

rely on the patriotism ol the tnii,,,,,,,.,!!
nation — the period immediately i)receding the
opening of their International Exhibition was
one of no little anxiety and apprehen.sion. Then'
was much in the occasion selected, and its
associations, to beget anything but forgetfuhiess
of a Past that should never have been — much
to test generous thoughts, mutual forbearance
and conciliation, and sentiments of national
kindliness. Now that the event itself is rele-
gated to the 'lomain of history, we know how
little these sentimental objections availed in
view of the pra'Uical importance and results of
what was alter all a great practical undertakiiiii'.
it was, however, a bold and in some repects. a
perilous enterprise— bold in its inception and
primary design, but bolder still in those lofty
aims by which its ultimate success was in a large
measure to be judged. In this one particular
at least it came I'ar short of the iMiizlish Ivxhibi-
tion of 18'tl. That was confcs.sedly the most
novel and daring proposition of them all. It
had no precedent to refer to, no statistics to
build upon. It had to be carried into execution
by means invented impromptu for the occasion,
while the whole world looked on, prepared to

'•i1(

! II

454

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOMINION OK CANADA.

coiult'uiii or ai)pliiutl as the issue iniiiht deter-
mine. The riiiladelphiii Exhibition was more
t'ortunate in these nspects. It had in a measure
the advantaueous test oi' experience. In all its
plans and arrangements, its internal economy
and classiiit ation, and the innumerable minute
details ol' .so vast an undertakiiiii'. its directors
had much in their favour. They had all the
varied tearhinus of its predecessors to learn
from — the knowledue of their dilliruities and
obstacles, and the means of surmounting them.
Still, with all this experience of old world
exhibitions, they could not but feel that they
were entering upon ;■. work which was to form
an epoch in the lil'e of a newer and much
younger civilization — a work which was of
vital moment to the Republic, and which must
be accomplished in a manner not unworthy of
its great progenitors. 80 far as this continent
was concerned, it had all the vague anticipations
of an experiment which, if not altogether new,
was at least to be tried under conditions and
circumstances very diti'erent from any which
had hitherto i)revailed. The leading journals
of the United States, and American correspond-
ence in foreign newspapers, had invested the
Exhibition with a pri'tentiousn(>ss which invited
almost an unsjiaring critici.sm. They teemed
with glowing descriptions of what the
assembh d peoples of all nations would then
for the first time witness under an American
sky, and on American soil. It behoved the

I people to see that these pretensions were well
sustained, that, having cho.sen their own time
for holding the Exhibition, having selected
their vantage ground at pleasure, having to

j lace the real difhiulties presented by the trans-
portation of exhibits from points very far
distant, or places altogether isolated from even

! telegraphic communication with the western
continent, the drawliacks incident to the
remoteness of the nuiin point of attraction
from other great industrial centres, and the i
possible chances of lontinental wars and other
formidalile complications which always menaci^ i
the jx'ace of the world, that their trial at this ,
industrial assize ol the nations, and the verdict ;

which would th(>re be passed upon them, was
one which had better not have been courted.
All these considerations of possible risk and
disaster, aiul many more, nnist have been
presented to the intelligent, thinking body of
the American people in their busy season of
prejjaration, l)ut, whether they did or not, we
failed to lind, either in their press, amongst the
citizens of their lar^e civic communities, or the
skillful artificers and handicraftsmen of their
busy hives of labour and industry, any fear of
unkindly re\ er.ses, any prognostications of evil
'■>r t'leir brth^^oming Elxhibition. Huoyant, full

' o'io- and a great deal of pardonable bragga-
V • v'a, 1 u V did not stop to brood idly over
m: 'V.rtune- . hich might never come, but set
about its pro^,ecution as if complete success were
already assured. The national pride was
aroused, and the energy and ingenuity, the
wealth and resources of the Republic, were
laid under tribute to exact from the world
contributions to what proved to be a very
for.nidable rival of the far-famed exhibitions of
mouiirchical Europe.

4. —The A'erdict which the American people
challenged, and secured, from the whole world
was one which did them the

, . , , , r , The lionoiirnblc

hm'hest degree ol honour — an .iinnietcv ><f the Ex-

, . 1.11 T-> ■ ■ liiliiliciii a.-i 11 whole.

honour in which the Dominion,
from the signal success which crowned its own
etlbrts at the Exhibition, is fully entitled to
share. Like the peoples of older countries,
wheie history has l)een repeating itself for
centuries, the people of the United Slates had
telt the evils and curse of war. At I'hiladelphia
they made a splendid trial of what could be
effected by the arts and virtues of peace. Ten
years before they were just emerging, bleeding
and crippled, from a conflict the most dreadful
and sanguinary of modern times. They then
proved how a nation, unused to arms, could
exhibit warlike hardihood, enterprise, and for-
titude, and could endure, for the sake of national
unity, the greatest and most painful sacrilices.
Their deadly strugii'le for the preservation of
the Union was magnificently rewarded at Phi-
ladeli)hia. They there showed how a powerful,

(iOVERNMKNT OF TlIK MAUL OF DUFFKIUN— CANADA AT TlIF CKNTKNNMAL.

15.-1

because an undividfcl, people, who had settled
their own ditierences, could remove, ior the time
beiiiii', all dillerences and distiuitions between
the other great members of the human family.
They, at all events, proved that they could, in
an incalculable degree, promote the comi'ort,
enlarge the knowledge, and strengthen the
kindly aflections of mankind towards each
other ; that they could i)roduce eilects much
iiobler and more lasting than those of war, more
profitable to the world generally, and more
consonant with the lessons which are derived
from our common Christianity ; that they could
achieve a triumph of industry, instead of a
triumph of arms ; and, by their readiness to sign
a treaty of universal amity, break dovyn inter-
national barrii'vs, and form an universal repiiblic
of all nations. They can, too, claim the merit of
having inspired every department of human
skill and labour with new motives and fresh
power for the conquests which lie before them,
and of having given the mind of hiimanity an
upward impulse, the effects of which will be
increasingly beneficial as the years roll on. All
this was evident not merely in the vast and
varied collections of the Exhibition itself, but
in the pi-oofs which these afforded of the
boundless capacity for prodution of those who
made them. As a comparative and competitive
display of natural products, inventive ingenuity,
industrial skill, and artistic taste — as a mar-
vellous as,semblage of interesting, useful, and
charming objects — treasures of art, as well as of
science and nature, the Exhibition was an abso-
lute success. A.S a living, palpable record of
philosophical transactions, it was invaluable,
for it displayed and described not merely the
triumphs of .science, but showed, with the best
models and most perfect ai)paratus of the time,
the application of science to every branch of
industrial art. Its highest value, however, con-
sisted not so much in the many things which all
these were intended to do, as in the one thing
which they had so often done already, and to
which they were there to testify — the develop-
ment of man's own character with all its fertility
of resource, its dogged perseverances under

uiganti
arrangements

difficulty, listress, and disappointment, its care
of all past acfjuisitions, its unl)ounded faith in
all kiuds of future possibilities. No one could
traverse the transepts and corridors of these
magnificent Exhibition buildings, and their
annexe.s, filled with the treasures of the congre-
gated publics of the nations without takini>- a
broader view of human destiny, and without
having his highest hopes of the future quick-
ened and expanded.

."). — Whatever character for selfishness the
American people had to lose, it was pluin to
every visitor at rhiladeli)hia .
in J 876, triat they liad no desire niihc AmcHiMn
to make their Exhibition a mere

advertisement for themselves. The
for fo . .a'lJ exhil)itors were of
the most complete anc. li nil kind, and their
whole iindertakinur was M-tered upon in a
truly cosmopolitan spirit. Invitations were
issued to the whole world to brinu- its
choicest productions and compete with the
most powerful 'presentative of Democracy,
and with each iher, in amicable rivalry,
and these were universally accepted. Ger-
many and France, Russia and Turkey were
there to contend for another mastery than
that of war — for other victories than those
which follow the sword and lii'lds of slaugh-
tered battalions. To them as to all, the sum-
mons from this side the Atlantic was a sum-
mons to the peaceful arena of a nobler com-
petition, whi're the superiority or predomin-
ance of one country may be built, not itpon the
depression and prostration of another, but where
each might strive which could do most to em-
bellish, improve, and elevate our coininon
humanity. It was a summons that delied the
ordinary restraints of space and distance, and
was heard through and beyond all the barriers
of colour, creed, and nationality. It went forth
to insulated and far distant centres of civiliza-
tion like China and Japan — to countries many
thousands of miles apart — to unmapped islands
of the remote East, and the comparatively un-
known and untrodden wildernesses of the far
North — to the earliest seats of sciencts and the

.;. ,

I . I

f >■

J5«

Tl'TTr-KS TIlSTOnV OF TIIK DOMINIOX OF TAXAHA.

arts, and to comiuuiiitii's still si'iiii-l)ivrl>iU'ons.
From every rliin.ite, mid every zone, came
.something? of nature's hounteous yil'ts, or of
man's thoii<>'ht and handiwork, his steady per-
severance, or snbtle industry. The oldest arts
and the m-wesl inventions, tho raresi sperimens
of ^kill and taste — all alike challenued compa-
rison and lontrast in that microeosm of the pm-
duets of nil nations. Uritain with her countless
colonies and po.ssessions was tlicre to strive for
the peaceful triumphs of the English ractv The
multitude of her Imsy workshops and mines at
the seat of the Empire, the lields and forests ol
Canada and Australasia, tlio remote d''penden-
cies ol the .M'riean eontinent, the rich dyes and
cunning- looms of Ilindostan and the far East,
were there to attest the wide spreadini;' opera-
tions of those who. wherever they be, or by
whatever name called, are still our fellow
countrymen.

G. — Canada especially felt ronstrained to
make a zealous respon.se to the call of a neiij'h-
boring people, and to brinu' into
action all the resources at the
disposal of an undisturbed
country enjoying the full viii'our of its natural
strenuth. To the American people the Exhibi-
tion was an ali'air ol'supreme and overshadowiiui'
interest, and Canadians could not be iiulili'erent
to any scheme seriously alfecting the fame and
f(n-tunes of a nation with whose industrial
destinies their own were linked .so closely. On
intimation of the intended E.vhibition beinu'
given to the (iovernment of Canada, the matter
was warmly taken up, and every eifort made by
the Government of the Dominion, aiul the
several Provincial Crovernment.s. to enlist the
enthusiasm of the Canadian people in the project.
When the subject was l)rou!}'ht ])efore Parliament
great interest was nuuii tested by the members
of l)oth Houses, and a univi'rsal wish was
expressed that the ajipi-arance of Canada, as
one of the nations of the civilized wcn-ld, at
Philadelphia, should be worthy of the country
and its people, as will as of the historical
occasion itself An item was placed in the
estimates for the puri)ose, and the lion. Alexan-

llriirly rv.<|i"ii-i' I
rlu- irivitiiti'iii ill
C:iiumIii.

liiin
< ■'iiiiiii-.iuiK.rs. —

.\;ltl<>n,ll .l|i|>ri'(-inti(III

il tlii'ir MTvk't..'.

der Mackenzie, Premier of the Dominion
Government, introduced in the House of
Commons a resolution which was unanimously
carried, appropriating the stun of SlOO.OdO.OO
in aid of the ( 'aiiadian objects of ti.e I'^xhibition.
This sum. as the result proved, was amply
suilicient to carry out the intentions ol' Parlia-
mi'nt in a manner accordant with its patriotic
feeling, so much so that, when the Exhibition
closed, and all tht! attendant expenses and
liabilities of the Canadian Section had been
handsomely provided for, it was found that the
wisdom and prudence of the Dominion Com-
missioners had saved a larn'e sum otit of the
national funds whiih had l)een committed to
their charge for Exhibition purpo.ses.

7. — The lirst step towards organization was
taken by the ap])ointment by the Government
of a Canadian Commission. This .|,|^ ,
Commission was composed of th
Hon. 1.1. Letellier de St. .lust, '
Minister of Agriculture, who was ex-o/ficio
President, the Hon. E. G. Penny, of Montreal,
a member of the Semite of Canada, and
i Mr. Dougall Macdougall of Berlin, Ontario.
Mr. Letellier, on his subsequent elevation to
the Lieutenant-Governorship of Quebec, was
replaced by the Hon. C. P. Pelletier, his sue-
cessor in the same dejiartnient of the Govern-
ment. It is a fact worthy of notice, in this
connection, that of these Commissioners, the
two uptm whom the buith' n ami heat of the
day fell, Messrs. Penny and Macdougall, were,
or had been, associated all their lives with the
profession of journalism. Mr. Penny, a clever
and versatile writer, had bv-en for many years
the able Editor of the Montreal Herald, a lead-
ing organ of public opinion in the commercial
metropolisof Canada, while Mr. Macdougall had
been honourably connected with the local press
in dill'erent parts of Ontario, and only reliiujuish-
ing his active duties as a journalist on his
appointment, some years previous by his poli-
tical friends, to the JJegistrarshii) of the County
of Waterloo. The manner in which these two
gentlemen discharged their didiciilt and onerous
duties, as Jilxecutive Commissioners for the.

—a

(JOVKUXMENT or TIIK EARL <)|' KIFFKKIX— CANADA AT THE CENTENNIAL

457

Domiiron, and tht> untiriiig onersy, tact and
patii'nce, which I hey displayod, as icpiosenta-
tivt's abroad ol" thi'ir (I ovi'rumi'nt, and gt-neiiilly
in carrying out tho objects ol" the Commission,
wore universally acknowlt'dgcd. Flattcriuy-
allusions were mado to thfir scrvicfs by the
press ol' l)oth political parties, and in the del)ates
of both Houses oi' Parliament : they each ]
received a diploma <>[' thanks IVoni the Govern- |
ment, accompanied by the Dominion uold medal, !
and were made the recipients of similar honours
on the part of the American Government, accom- \
panied by the International bron/e medal of the j
United States. Mr. Joseph Terrault, ex-M.P.,
of Montreal, was named Secretary of the |
Commission, and a small, but intelligent and \
energetic, staff was selected to co-operate with
him in carrying out the directions i>f the Com-
missioners.

8. — The task conJided to these gentlemen was
a very responsible one, and the dilliculties which

Tl,oirre.„„n.il.ilitu.s ^'^'^^'t ^^^^'^ ^t the Very OUtset

Ih^I'lnUiatonVians Were neither few nor unimport-
„r meeting the,,,. .j^^ ^^^^^ ^^,^_^^^ obstacles pre-
sented themselves in enlistinu' the general
sympathies of the people, and obtaining the
co-operation of the industrial interests of the
country, and no doubt did eventually prevent
many valuable exhibits from being sent to
Philadelphia. One of these was the illiberal
tariff of the United States, which made it im-
possible to hope that any transactions with the j
citizens of that country could arise from the !
comparison of goods and prices; the other was [
the great linancial depression which prevailed
universally, and which dampened the com-
mercial spirit, and, to a certain extent, jiaraly/ed
the industrial energies, of our people. It thus
early became a subject of no little anxiety to
determine the manner in which the wishes of '
the Government should be carried out, and the
method which shouUl bi' adopted in securing
an adequate collection and representation of the j
various products and industries of the country.
The several Provinces of tht> Dominion had
already made their appearance at previous Inter-
national Exhibitions, but it was felt that the

manner in which Canada, as a whole, should
show herself at Philadelphia, must be on a far
more extended scab; than at London, Paris, or
Vieniia. This was made necessa'-y l)y the cjr-
cnr.istancjs of the K.\hibition takinu' place on
the coniinent of which Canada forms a part,
where, therefore, if sh<' were seen at all, it must
be t() take rank as an important American
povA'(>r. Her proximity, moreover, to the place
of Exhibition made it imperative that the plan
adopted should be a widely comprt>hensive one,
embracing, not a few exhilnts sele<ted by the
Commissioners themselves and deemed merito-
rious enough for national display, but allordiiiLi'
fair scope to the ambition of the whole body of
the Canadian People. Within certain limits it
was desirable that every person, anxious to
exhibit at Philadelphia, should liml his appro-
priate place there; but as it was also found
necessary that provision should be made for the
larger part of the expenditure, this condition
manifestly demanded an authority by which
some scrutiny should be exercised to prevent a
large outlay on comparatively insignilicant or
unimportant articles. Great dilliculties having
been discovered in the way of inducing exhi-
bitors to take part in the enterprise, unless
guaranteed against unknown expense, it was
determined to assume the whole cost of the
conveyance to Philadelphia, the arrangement of
and the care there, and the reconveyance to
Canada, of all goods destined for the Exhibition.
"With a view, too, to create emulation, and
induce exhibitors to offer the choicest articles
and products at their command, it was also
resolved t'.) give a certain number of gold,
silver, and bronze medals to Canadian exhibitors
only, and, in order to secure the utmost impar-
tiability in the distribution of the.se, the awards
were made by distinguished foreign judges.

9,^ — To reconcile these very liberal and encour-
aging arrangements with the conditions already
described, the assistance of the

, _ . . , ,^ , I'i-oviniitil .A^lvi.-^iir.v

several Provincial Governments b,m,-tu. Their
was invited. This was at once
heart ly accorded, and each of the Provincial
Governments obtained from its respective

»<!

158

T( TTI-KS IIISTOUY OF TIIK Du.MIxMON OP CANADA.

Li'<riNlatun» a rcitain piecnniary appropriation
lor tilt' |mi|io.ic of aidinif the Ht'uonil drsiyii.
An Atlvi.-ory Unard, coinpost'tl ol' ruiiipi'tcnt iiiid
experiiMicfd ti^entlcmi'n, was named in each
Province under tiie directionM of one ol' the
nieinl)er.s oi' the Provincial Ministry, who also
appointed a Secretary. The Presidents of these
Provineial Advisory Hoards were, for Ontario,
Hon. A. Crooks. Minister of Public Instruction;
for (^uehec, Hon. Pierre Crarncau, Minister of
Airriculture ; for Nova .Sotia, Hon. P. C. Hill,
Premier ; for New Brunswick, Hon. J. J. Frasej',
Provincial Secretary ; for Prince Edward
Island, ll(m. Senator T. H. Haviland, Provincial
Secretary; for Manitoba, Hon. Charles Nolin,
Minister of Agriculture; and lor British
Columbia, Hon. W. J. Armstronu', Minif-ter of
Airriculture. Each of these <i'enth'men was
constituted an Honorary Commissioner. To all
these Advi.'«)ry Boards was committed the task
of decidinu- what articles should l)e accepted
for Exhibition purposes, it being understood
that, in extraordinary cases only, reference
should be made to the Commissioners represen-
ting the Dominion. By this elastic and compre-
hensive plan it was hoped to obtain extendi'd
sympathy throuirhout the Dominion, and that
hope was fully justilied. The method adopted
enlisted in the public service olhcial and
unoiiicial gentlemi'U of great zeal, experience,
and lot al and technical knowledge, in all parts
of the country, and connected with all depart-
ments of industry, and there is ao doubt that a
irreat deal of the success which was subse-
(juently attained was due to the liberal support
and confidence of the Provincial Governments,
and the active, intelligent, and judicious
co-operation of their Advisory Boards.

10. — The duty imposed ui)on the heads of the
Canadian section of the exhibition embraced the
..,„,. „„.niu..n„in. illa^-< ration of all departments
Tir'ImlleiiloK^'ci. of Canadian industry. The miu-
'"*"'• ing, lumbering, agricultural and

manufacturinir interests, as well as those con-
cerned in the rearing of live stock, were all to
be suitably rejiresented. At previous exhibi-
tions Canada had gained a high reputation for

the scientilic and complete collection ol minerals
which she there displayed. The extension of
her territory l)y the addition of other Provinces,
some of them rich in mineral deposits, made it
extremely desirable that nhe should maintain
this reputation in the United States. A sum of
money was at once set apart for the special ex-
penditure incurred in pro(;uring new specimens
of this kind of public wealth, while like sums
were appropriated for procuring other natural
and economical products from IJritish Columbia
and Manitoba, and even the extensive territories
stretching away into the North-West of the
Dominion, to serve as interesting illustrations of
the inexhaustible riches which there awaited
the courasreous i)ioiu>er. The ai-eater part of
the specimens of mineral ores, &c., were exhi-
bited uiuler the superintendence of Professor A.
R. C. Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey
of Canada, to whose care and energy, in their
classilicaticm and arrangement, and the prepara-
tion of a scientilic and descriptive catalogue,
may be attributed much of the success which
was achieved in this department of the Cana-
dian Section.

11. — The exhibition of lumber was, for a long
time, the subjei t of much perplexity. Those
connected with that hiiihly im- .,., , , ... ..

J I he liiinlii'r c.vliibil.

portant interest were generally ;l",';.'.',''.i'i'"^;;',j,",'i,.,,f
anxious to exhil>it a larye quan- '"'''">■
tity amounting to several hundred thousand
feet. It was thought by them that the lumber
trade of the United States woirld be very largely
represented, and that in order to impress the
spectator with the extent of our own forest
resources, it would be necessary to cover a
great area with this description of goods. The
expense of transportinii- such an immense (plan-
tity of bulky material was one obvious objection
to this, and the combustible luiture of the
material itself, if disjilayed in one immense
exhibit, was another. Ten thousand feet of
each description of luml)er was hnully accepted
under conditions satisfactory to the lumbermen.
Several large lirms, engaged in the trade, fur-
nished considerable quantities of the choicest
description of sawn lumber, while the Govern-

(ioVKIJNMKNT Ol' TIIK KAIM, OK |)l'FFKI{I\--('.\\.\ l».\ AT TIIK CKXTKXM Al,.

l.-.'.t

moiits ofM^iioltor niul Now Brunswick fxpondt'd I
uioiicy lilxTully in iMDciiriiiu mund and s(juiirt'
timhcr, some ol' wliii h was of mtv large size. |
Much interest was cx'ilcd aniou!'' visitors l)y
specimens ol' \\u' Douiilas pine I'roni IJritish
Columbia. Some ol' these were taken I'mm
trees oight feet in diameter. The plan adopted
I'or the display ol' all these hunher exhihits was ;
a novel one. They were all ingeniously put
touvthor, anil huill up in ;• prominent place in
the iiiouiuls, in the form ol' a Canadian log-
house, in which alone the sawn lumber com-
prised about eighty thousand feet — an edilice ;
which attracted a great deal ol' attention, and ol'
which drawiniis were published in most ol' the
illustrated |)apers ol' the world. .\\ one corner
of this lou-house — lit emblem ol' the homes ol' i
nuvny thousands of hardy settlers in the back
woods of Canada— was to be seen rising linu e- j
I'ully up, full a hmulred I'eet from its l)ase, the
tallest llag-stall" in the exhibition — an immen.se
and l)eautirul siiar I'rom New Brunswick — and,
I'rom the summit of this the broad folds of the
Ihm- of the Dominion were Hung to the breeze.
12. — The arrangements which were made to
ensure a proper disi>lay of sonn' other Canadian

interests were equally satisfac-

One of

the most important and rising
branches ol Canadian manixfacture is that of
cheese, of which lu) less than thirty-live million
pounds were exported in the last fiscal year
preceding the opening of the Exhibition. It was
very desirable that a growing interest of this
kind should be fairly represented, and that the
best display possible shoidd b(> made. Liberal
as.sistauce was liiven the dairymen of the
Dominion, and when it was found impossible
to expose their products in the Agricultural
Hall of the I'lxhibiti' 1. and the dairymen of t!ie j
United States oll'eriM to join them in the con i
stru<tion of a suitable ouilding for the i)urpo.se, j
two thousantl dollars \^ orth of stock was ac- j
(juired in the Centennial Company, and the
money exiicnded as the share of Canada in the
cost of the dairy house. The collection of Cana-
dian dairy products was entirely managed by ;

Tlu' iinMiiKi'mciii- ii" . , , 1

i..>..iiM'"iiiur torv and successtul

o.xl.iliil,-. ■'

the Ontario Dairy Associatimi, and was univer-
sally acknowledged to be far superior to any-
thing of the kind in the whole Kxhibition. In
providing for thi' <lisplay of Canadian horses,
horned cattle, and other live stock, a rule
different from that w hich was applied to these
other exhif)its was found neicssary to In'
adopted, and the whole risk of lo>s or damage
in the transimrlation of the animals to I'hiladel-
pliia, and tiie care of them there, was thrown
upon the owners. This renidation no doul)t
contracted to .some i-xteiil the number of this
<lasH of i'xhil)itors, but notwithstanding the
possibility of loss to which they were exposed,
our Canadian farmers entered the lists of com-
petition with the lireatest spirit, and demon-
strat.'d conclusively the vast capabilities of their

country lor the bi dinu' of even the hi^'hest

class of stock.

13. — The provisions recpiisite for sei uring an
adequate representation of all the natural and
industrial jiroducts of the Do- ii,,, ,r,„.|„,riaii..ii
minion luivin-' been thus com- ""■""'"""'"■'•
pleted, the means of transport became a pressing
consideration. Satisfactory arranuemeiits, how-
ever, were made with the diffi'ieut railways of
the country, which were brought under the
general system adopted Ijy the railroads of the
United States engaged in conveying goods to
the I-lxhibition — a system, by the way, with
which no fault could ho found on the score of
liberality, and the details of which were carried
out in uood faith, and with a manifest desire to
facilitate the operations of the resi)eclive ( Jovern-
inents. The Government steamer Lnili/ Head,
conveyed nearly the whole of the goods from
the Maritime I'rovinces direct to the port of
Philadelphia, where they were unshiiiped in
the dock-yards, and transported by rail to the
Exhibition grounds. On the arrival in the
United States of Canadian and other foreign
goods, some serious dillinilties arose which
required the greatcil possible patience and
manai»-ement in adjust inii-, and which, at one
time, threatened greatly to retard the puin tual
instalment of all the exhibits. These dilUculHes,
which were eventually overcome by th ,or-

'tv«i

(<>()

Tt'TTLK'S IIIST()F!V OK TIIR DO.MINIOX OF CANADA.

l)oiirnnct' (li the I'liitcd Slates autlioritics. ij-rcw
ont ol' till- Ci'.stoms House reglations ol' a
country liaviiiL;- a strictly protective taritl' that
ODiliraced almost every article hrouiiht lor
exhibition.

14. — It here Ix'comes necessary, i)i onlei- to
understand the manner in which the various
rii.'CnhMM.ii Canadian exhibits were distrihu-

lhv,'''"'is;,n;;' tcnl and displayed at Philadeli)hia,
r..r i;.M„i,i„.,-. .,,,^1 ,j^,. handsome allotment of

space whiih was tilled by thom there, to glance
at the labours of the Centennial ('onnnission,
and the plans which they had adopted lor
carryinii- oul the highly patriotic task which had
been entrusted ;o them. The Exhibition at
Philadelphia was jilaced under the direction of
a Board of C'ommi.s.sioners apimiutod by the
F(Hleral (iovernniLMit, and a Hoard of Finance
appointed by and rei>resentini!- the stock holders,
who supi)lied a larLiv part of the cajuial. 'i"he
lioard of I'inance was presided o^er by .^h•.
John Well li, the prc.sciil Foreign Minister of
the United Slates at the Court of St. James, and
all oilier arrangements, i"cludinn' especially
those will' h concerned foreiuii exhibitors, were
coiilided to ihi' Comnussiou under the Presidency
of CJ.'iier.il Joseph K. Hawle\ , whose chief
executi\ eolhcer was (ieneral Alind T. (ioshorn,
with the title of }>irec;or-General. In other
words, the l]xhii»itioii wa.s worked by three
great departments. The lirst, the Centennial
Conuiiission jjroper, was charged with ilie
general suspervison of all the airangeuuMits,
inclmlin;:-, howi'ver, the direct mana^enu'iit of
all the Slate and j)ublie ceremonies, the
settlement of leading (|ueslioiis rtdaiing to ilu'
workiiii: of ihe "'',xhil)iiiou, and the diiect
.sujierinteiideiice cf t!ie linal (juestions relating
to the awards. To the second department — the
Centi'iniial Hoard of Finance — were entrusted
the pro\i(linu' of the fuiuls. the erection of the
Exhibition buildings, and the entire control of
all liir iicial 'luestions relating to the Exhibition.
To the third oi' executivi' department was
conlidedihe jiractical working- ofthe Exhibition.
l-"i. — The system ol awards, and the work of
thejudges, dilfered uuilerially from all previous

' exhibitions. The lar-e inter- .,,|,..^„,., „„„„,,

luitiomd Juries of London, TarLs, ""1J"J'«="'">'^''-
and Vienna, were replaced by two hundred and
lifty judges, half foreiyners and half citizens of

,, the Ignited States, divided into numerous groups
of varyiiiii' strent>th, according to the extent of
the display uiuUn' each particidar head. The

' business of the jtidges was to examine and

I report upon such exhibits as they considered
worthy of award ; the reports were to bi- based

, upon inherent and comparative merits; the
elements of merit wi'i'e to include considerations

1 relating to oriiiinality. invention, discovery,
utility, (luality, skill. workiiianshii>, litiioss for
the |)urp()ses intended, adaptation to i)ublic
wants, economy, and cost. Each report was
attested by thesignature of the reporting judge,

, conlirmed by those of his colleagues, while the
awards, which comprised a uniform medal
accompanied by the report, were to be finally
declared by the I'nited States Centennial Com-
mission. It is evident that the value of this
arrangement mainly tlej)ended upon the ability
and caiv bestowed u]>on the judicial reports;
but, as the resiUl showed, the reports, so far as
many of the groups were concerned, ))roved of
more value lo exhil)itors than graduated medals
without such explanations. I'lacli exhibitor had
the right to reproduce and publish the reixirt
awarded to him — the Centennial Coinmi.ssion
reserving the riulit to publish and disjjo.se of all
rei)orls ill ilie manner it deemed best for public
iiifoniiatioii. and also lo embody and distribute
the reports as records of Ihe ICxhibition. In
aildilMU lo theri'ports upon individual exhibits,
the judi:-e> of eacii urniip were also re(|uired to
furnish a "jcneral report o| the collective ex-
hibits under ilieir charii'e. embracing some notice
of the early history, i>roures8, and i)"esent
condition, of the ditfereiit iiulustries.

M. — The L:idunds selected for holding the
]']xhibilion consisted ol -•']<! acres in fairmount
Park, a large and beautiful park
l)V the Scliuvlkill liiver owned uT.mi..|..,iiMi

, ' , . * , , , , Imiltlinu^,

l)y the city, and devoted to tin*

recreation of the population Here, a line of

railway had been constructed, nuii'.ing a com-

llcl.ilHlKI'.«llutioil.

huiuliiHl ami

ili' cili/ciis of

icroiis UTOUpS

the I'Xtont of

liracl. The
fXainiMc aiul
y ooiifsitli'i'i'd
1' to 1)1' based

uu'rits; th',-
^iisi<kM-atioii8
). discovery,
1>, litnesN for

II to jmblic
I roi)ort Avas
ortinu' judge,
t'S, while the
ilorm medal
to 1)0 filially
euiiial Corn-
value of this

III the ability
cial re])orts ;
)rts, M) far as

<1, ])roved of
lated medals
xhibitor had
h the report
Comiuission
ispose of all
-t lor publie
d distribute

ibilioii. In
ual exhibits,
1 ie(|uired to
illeeti\e ex-

some notice
iiid p-esent
s.

loldiii^' the
I'airmount

' Kvl.ilMlinli

irnls jind

illlillU~.

(', a line of
'.iiiu' a com-

.«^-:

'ilTi

■-%

•\^-

INbHA.'fp ()il»iF',',l/|OK' IU!TlI 5 mSTSSr 01 IHI OJMiNION

M "il'HlANll D' ■iS*"*'') ,J"0 CIW-

• !5

■fi.

GOA KKNMKNT oT TIIK I'.Ai;!. Ui- DUFFKIMN'—CA \AI)A AT TIIK ( ■I'.N'rKNMA I..

hil

pli tt' 01 -.u ol' tho i^rouiids, iind miniatuiv
pa.ssoiiii'cr Ciirriaycs, dniw ii by niiiiinUin' Ic' i-
motives, were kept i-uiininy lor the C'-ivoiii'ii.t'
of siglit-st'ors diuinii' tin- whoh' trnn of thf
Kxhil)itiou. Tliia railway was one of the
iiovt'llios of the oocasion. and was freely used
l^y the many thousands who frequented the
l)eautirui L;r(>iii!ds in wliirh it was huilt. The
huikhnas properly bi'lontiinu- to ihe C'enlennial
Commission were scattered around and through-
out this immense and lovely area, in the
ornamentation and decoration of whirh the
wealth of the people had heeu lavished, and
which was. for the myriads who thronged its
endlessly wiiKling walks, or wandered at
pl( asure over its soft green sward, and amongst
its inlinitc lines and circles of llower beds, an
ol>ject ill itself of unceasing a<lniiration and
deliglit. The Cojiimission at liist jtrovich'd li\e
imineiise and magniliccnt l)uiidings. viz. : the
Main 15uildiiit:', the Art (lallery or Memorial
Hall, Machinery Hull, the Agricultural liuildiiiii'.
and the Horticultural Hall, which jointly
covi'red an ;irea o|' nearly fifty acres; but il
becaiut! necessary to erect numerous supple-
me'tary buihlings, or finnr.irs, on account of
th(> continuous applicntious for increased space
from all ipiaiters oi' the i;lnhe. Tiie Main
JJuilding was in the form of a paralleloizram,
extending east and west ISSQ feet in leiiuth,
and north and soutti 404 feet in width, thus
coveriiui- about twenty acres, and being alxtul
the same size as tln' iiinious Crystal I'alaee of
1S.')1. U rose, in three s(ei)s, to a total heii:ht
of seventy feet, and was Hanked with majestic
Miuare lowers. .\t the centre of c;ich side was
an entrance with a lofty facach'. The roof of
the lransei)t rose above the rool of the nave,
,Mid there the four towers, 4S feet scpuire and
lliO I'eet high, gave a very striking and graceful
relief to the iireat Icnuth and the whole appear-
ance of the edilice. There was no disiinctive
leature about it like the |iondcroiis dome of tin
Vienna palate, l)ut t!ie avenues were loiii^ and
spacious, the light was ii(liiiiral)ly distributed,
and llie strnclure throughout was well adaiiteil
for the purpo.se for which it was built. The

li'

nations takinu' part in Ih • Flxhibiiion vvere h' i-e
assigned space, according to geogr.,phica! i
j pjsitiou. in sections running cl■ossw■|^e of the
'j buildiiiL'' The \)st of the l)uildinu- was
I $l,iJ.SO,Oi.J, and it was afterwards purchased
by th<' International Exhibition Company, and
is now us"d as a Government exhibition
buildinii'. Three hundred feel north of the
Main IJiiildiiiL'', on an elevated terrace, stood
; the Art (iallery or Memorial Hall. This
l)uildiiig, althouu'h smaller in its dimensions
\ than the others, was perhaps the most magniii-
j cent structure of the kind ever erected in
I connection with an international exhibition.
I ft was built of eranite, iron and lilass, in the
: modern Iieiiaissaiiee style, and coveri'd an acre
and a half of ground, being •■)»)'> feel lonii', 210
feet wide, and ■')!• feet hiuh, with abasement j
I 12 feet in heinht, Frc'ci the central portion of
the structure rose a dome of iron and glass to the
height of l.'iO feet. Its bell-.shaped summit was
surmounted by a colossal statue ol Columbia,
|; Iweiily-four feet high, and weiiihiiui' three tons. '
! At each of the four corners of the base of
' the dome were groups reprcvscntiiiLi' Mining-
("ominenc. Agriculture and Maiiufacturi's
Over the main entrance were two "roups
representing Science ami Art. Three distinctive \
features were disi)|ayed in the front of the
buililinc:. viz.: three larue doorwavs in the
centre, a iiavilion at each end, and arcad> .s '
similar in iii)pe;irance to ihose in th ■ old
lioiiiaii villas which connected th' pnvili '
with the centre. The iiromenade thus Ion.: .
looked outward o\er the ei-ouiuls, ,iiid inward
over open gardens ornamented with llowers
tVc The walls of the ea^i ;uid west side i>l the
biiiltlinu' were relieved I-. live niches for tl.
reei'[)tion of statuary. Itetweeii the pavilions, at
an elevation of forty feet from the i;roniid,
extended a grand balcony two nundred and
seventy-live feet loiiu', and forl\-live feet in
width, from which line view was had of the
beautiful park that sireicln'd away to the north-
ward. The Art (rallery was erected by the city
ol rhiladel[iliia. and the Stale of I'ensylvania,
at a cost of a million and a half of dollars, and,

TITTLKS IIISTOltY OK THK DOMIMON D!-' CANADA,

i y

haviiiu' bi'cn used l)y the Ct'iilonniiil Commission
duiiiiii- till' ptijdil oi till' lCxhil)ilioii. al'icrwanls
Ix'caiiit' an industrial UiUscuin similar to the
South Kt'nsiiiut.i!) museum in London, England,
I'or tlu' free cxhihition of art tn-asurfs from all
parts ol'thf I'liion Althoui'h this buildinn' uavt*
si>vfnty-li\(' thousand i'm't oi" wall space lor
painliMus. and twenty ihousainl Icrt ol' lloor
space lor statuary. iVc, yd it tailed to meet its
orii5'iiial re<|uireun'nts, and a lar^-e tinnr.ir had to
he erected alilMdin;;- sixty thousand feel ol' addi-
tional wall space lor painiinns, and which con-
tained thirty L;all"ries. each forty leot stjuaro,
t)esides I'our sjiaclous coi'iidors. It is a fact
worthy olnoliie that, ol' the nine million nine
hundred and ejexin thousand visitors who
attended the Exhihitiou, this Memorial Hall
rereived by I'ar tlie larij-est 'proporti'in. The
Machinery Hall, which was the most complete
and wonderl'ul section ol' Ihe I'lxhihition, wa,s
I'ourieen hundred and two I'eet loni^-, and three
hundred and sixty •'■■et wide, and was of cour.se
constructed of prodigious strength in ordei* to
hear liie immen.se strain ui)on i; of the pe.-evful
mat hineij within its walls. It covered an area
of l'ourt"en acres, and cost live hundred an<l
forty-lwo thousand three huiulred dollars. One
wing on ihe southern >\-h of the huildinu- was
speiially devoted to the display of hydraulic
nmohinery : and, from a lank, sixty by one
hundred ami si\,y ''eet aiul ten feet in depth,
was si'en a water fall thirly-live leet high, bv
I'ortv feet wide, sujiplied by the dill'ereiit kiiuls
of ;ii,nipin'j' apparatus on exhibit ion. The motive
power of the machinery was supplied by a
gigantic Corliss eniiine of fourteen hundred
iiorse powi'r, forty feel in height, with a flv
wheel weiuhinu' lifty-six tons and haviui:' •<
diameter -f thiry feet. This huge motor
worked with an almost awe ins|)irin'i' -ileijoe,
and communicated its motion to aboa ten
Ihousainl feet of shafting, and i'ourteen acres in'
machines of all kinds, from ureat carpel looms,
which wove at one's Indding carpels of the
pattern of any choice, to the delicate little
sewing machine. To the yciieral publi<', Ma-
chimTy Hall appeared to bo more at lactive

even than Ihe Main Building, for it seemed like
the unveiling of the mystery of life to see
growinii' under one's eyes wonderl'ul fal)ric8
whose production to the uninitiated is always
a kind of creation. The Agricultural Uuildinu',
a Grothic structure in wood, covered an area of
about ten aires, ci/st two hundred and sixty
thousand dollars, and was a very handsome and
commodious edifice. Here were displayed all
Ihe products of the soil. l)olh in the crude and
manufactured condition, ton-ether with au'ricul-
tural implements and machinery. The space for
the exhibition ol live stock consisted of forty
acres, and was at a considerable distance from
Fairmount Park, The Horticultural Hall was a
b.'autiful coii.servalory, two hundred and thirty
ftset loiiii' by eighty wide, built principally of
iron and silass. in the Moorish styh' of architec-
ture of the twelfth century. It covered an area
of one hundri'd and twenty-two thousand live
hundred scpiare feet, was l)uill by the City of
I'hiladelpliia at a cost of three hundred thousand
dollars, and was afterwards retained as a per-
manent i-oiiservatory by the Park commissioners.
The apjtroach to the east and west entrances
were by lliL;hls of blue marble steps. The central
porticn of the buildinii' '•' as occupied by the
conservaloiy proi)er, which was two hundred
and thirty by ei<>hty feet in area. It was sur-
mounted by a I.anternone hiuidred and seventy
feet loiiii'. twenty i''el wide, and fourteen feet
hiuh. \ .narble i'ountain exci uled by Foley
adorned ihe centre, and smaller fountains the
angles, of the Hall. A gallery, twenty feet i'rom
the iloor. ran entirely around Ihe conservatory.
The stairways from the vestibules leading to
this aiso uave access to external galleries over
the forciuL;' houses, which were connecled by a
grand promeiiiide above tlie rooms on theL;'round
ilnor of the buildinti'. The forciiui luiuses were
')iu\ hundred by thirty feet, covered by curved
roofs of iron and tilass and .separated by vesti-
bules, hi the evenmg the l)uildinu' wasli<;-hled
by thr>'> thousand ive Imndred burners. Sur-
rounding this building was a warden forty acres
in extent, in which were seen not only all
\ arieties of rare plants and flora but also the

GOVI'JJN.MKNT OF TIIH KAHL OF DUFFKRIX— CANADA AT TlIK (KNTKNNI A I.

|i;:!

numtMous inothods ol ornamental arranuenifnt
cmplovt'd in artistic crardcnini?. lifsidrs those
liv^' Imildings, which comprised the Exliibition
proper as organized by the Centennial Commis-
sion, about a hundred and eighty si)eeial
])uildings were erected in all parts of the
grounds at the expense of particular interests.
Amongst these was the United States Govern-
ment buildiuL'", which covered an area of one
hundred and two thousand eight hundred and
I'orty stjuare I'eet, and which was used for
collections belonging to the Federal (rovern-
ment, and objects illustrative of the e«juipment
of the army and navy, and of the processes
employed in their civic departments. This was
the nio.st complete and l)est arranu-ed exhil)it in
the whole Exhibition. Special grants were also
made gratititously to the various States of the j
Union, and to several nationalities, of l>uildinu- |
sites, and upon these almost every State and
Foreign Crovernment erected a buildinu' for the
accommodation of Commissioners, or the exhibi-
tion of local productions. Canada was <;ranted
one of these sites in the l)est part of the grounds.
Amongst the most Ix'autiful of the tbreign
houses thus erected was St. Georu'e"s House
built by the British Commission in a style of
domestic architecture representing a period
common to the history l)oth of the English and
American people, and which was furnished and
decorated in the most artistic manner. The u.><e
of tvvo handsome and handsomely furnished
apartments in this house was generously granted
l)y the Uritish Commission to the Commissioners
for the Dominion. There was but one voice
throughout the United States in praise of St.
Georges House and its contents, and never was
a national gift mort> appreciated than when,
with the approval of the <iueen, and in the
luvme of Her Majesty's Government, it was
presented to the City of Philadelphia at thi'
close of th'.^ Exhil)ition.

17. — As may be well siipposed, the Dominion
of Canada required room in almost all the
Th« h.m.- s,„„e buildings above enumerated, as

,„.,.ui.ic.ii,y<'a„„.in. ^^.^.n as suitable space upon the

ground devoted to the display of cattle and

other live stock. The ai>plication for this
puri>ose was one of lh(^ earliest which reached
the American authorities, and, as afterwards
appeared, its j)romi)titude was regarded as a
compliment by those to whom it was addressed.
The re(|uest was acceded to witli much
cordiality. Large spaces were devoted to the
objects of the Dominion in all the deptU'tments
of the Exhibition, and an excellent position
was secured in each of them. In the Main
Building, chielly devoted to manufaitures,
Canada received the allotment of a space of
thirty tliousand s(juare feet, which was exactly
equal In that devoted to Spain and Russia
together. She occupitnl the floor between the
main avenue aiul the northern wall in one
direction, and two cross avenues of the building
in the other, was immediately next the Court
of (rreat Britain and Ireland, and faced those
of Spain and liussia on the other side of the
avenue. The other British colonies adjoined
heron the west side, and, alonu- with Caiu\da,
were all clustered touether dose by tiie side of
the Mother Country. The Canadian exhibit Idled
a .space, taking all the biiildiims into consider-
ation, larger than that devoted toany nationality
other than the United States, with the po.ssible
exception of England. In the Machinery Hall
the area of live tliousand s((uare feet,
devoted to Canada, was imnicdiaiely in front
of one of th(> main entrances of tlie building,
and consequently remarkably conspiiuous. She
was favoured by a somewhat similar arrange-
ment in the Agricultural Buildinii-, her space
haviiiii' been allotted at the corner formed by
the two main avenues, close to one of the
doors. The area which she occu[>ie(l here was
lifteen thousand s(|uare feet. She had also
appropriated spaces devoted to her in the Ladies"
Pavilion, and the Carriage Hall, a complete room
in the annexe to the Art Gallery, two comitart-
ments in the Photographic Gallery, about
three housand feet in the Dairy Buildinii-,
and live thousand feet in the Pomological
Hall.
i IS. — The i)laii devi.sed for exhibitiim' the
Canaaian goods, especially in the Main Building;

i|i:i

'"f

*'ll!

4»4

riTTUrs lllS'lni.V OF'I'IIK DOMIXIOX OK ("ANA DA.

,, .1 ,, ,. wliri'c most of the iiiumil'nctnrcd

lliiw MIL' I aiiiiiliiiii ,

unnii- »,.,«. li-i.hi.v.-.i. .,,.ticl(.s wci-o (lispliiycd, was ;,
very suital)!*' oiif. Some ol' tlip minor Powers
enclosotl their (•()iitril)Utioiis within scioons
gaudy ill i-olor, and ol' unassiu'na1)li' aroliitcct-
ural styh', Imt ihosi- nations which, like Eni-land
and France, had slndicd most carcluliy iho
economios ot International J'^xliihitioiis, had
fome to learn that the less there is to distract ,
attention IVom the ohject under exhihitiou the !
better. Hence not only were all enclosinu-
partitions abolished by them, but the show casos
wore all more or less unpretentious in appear- i
ance. Those in the Enulish department were '
unilormiy (»!' ebony, relievid with gold, and ,
were sulhciently extended to allow ol' each.
article being viewed apart from its miuhbours j
Those in the Canadian d(>i>artment were ol' '
somewhat simila'- construction. They were [
almost wholly ol' glass, set in rich, dark walnut
Iranu's, and thus enabled the interior space to
be i'ully Occupied l)y the exhibits which coiild
be seen I'rom all sides. In point ol' utility,
capacity, a ' beauty, thi-y I'ulliiled, to a large
deuree, all the essential conditions, and they
compared, in these respects, very f'uvoral)ly with
other c;i.si's tised at tlie Exhilntion whiih had
l»ecn made to meet similar exiiieiicies. At the
close of the Exhibition they were sent tot )ttawa,
where they are now being used by the Govern-
ment in the Patent Office and Musenm of the
Parliament Huildings.

T,'. — The day lixed for the openinu' of the
Exhibition was tlie inth of May. and. though
all the buildings, except the
Agricultural Hall, were in a fit
state to receive their contents ionii' before that
time, no department was (juite ready for in-
spection. Some of the Courts were even closed
to the public. But. upon the whole, the Ex-
hibition was in a more loiward stiite than any
of its great predecessors, except perhaps
those of Londcm. It is to the credit ol
Canada that no other natiomility was further
advanced towards comi)letion. and better able
to pass muster in the lonii- roll-call of tuitions,
on the dav when the first American Inter-

C'tniKlii nn the
Opinim- bay.

national Exhibition was proilaim<'d open to
*he woild,

■JO. — The ciMvmonies at the opening were
sin'.ple but impressive, and were preceded l)y a
sort of military pa-eant in the ,.,,.. in:„mu„.i
p:Mncipa! streets leading to the '■'■■•'■""'"l'■'•
Exposition grounds. The President of the
United States had arrived for the inanyuration,
and accompanied by Governor Ilartranft of
Pennsylvania, was escorted to the great centre
of attraction by a large body of troops
who were followed in the long procession
by (he Governor of Mas.sachusetts. and
a numl)er of the (iovernors of other
States, with their .several stall's and escorts.
The day was beautifiUly fine; the scene along
the route was very animated, and, as the groiinds
were approached, the enthusiasm of the multi-
tude assembled knew no l)onnds. AVhen the
entrance to the Main building was reached, the
troops formed in line and saluted the Pr(>sident
and his party, who filed into the great edifice
amidst the plaudits of the pojiulace, which were
taken up by the nu\ny thousands (m either side
as the I'residi'ut passed np the Main aisle, and
through to the liraiid staiul in front of the
Memorial Hall, where a i)rilliant assemblage
was already awaitina' the inauguration cere-
monies. These were witnessed by at least one
hundred and ten thousand i)eoi)le. The exer-
cises beiian by the Right Keverend Hishop
Simi)son oll'ering up an appropriate and solemn
prayer, at the conclusion of which the Cen-
tennial hymn of John G. Whittier was
sung by over nine hundred voices with magni-
ficent ellect. Then followed the preseiuation of
the buildings to the United States Centennial
Commissioners by Mr. John Weh h. the Pre-
sident of the Centennial Uoard of Finance. A
canlnta by Sidney Uarnitu-, of Georgia, was
sunii', after whi' h there was a formal presen-
tation of the Exhil)ition to the President of the
United States by General llawley. President of
the Ceniennial Commission, ['resident Grant
acknowledged the acceptance by reading a short
and appropriate address, in the course of which
he extended a warm welcome to all the repre-

fJOVF-^nXMIONT Ol" TIIK HAUL ol" DrPFHIMN— ('ANA l».\ AT TIFK CKNTKNNI Al,.

405

stMitiitivcs i>[ loroiiiii nations, and conchuli'd liv
doclaiing'tlio Kxhiliition open. Tho ricsidontH
speech was very lieartily cheered, Ilis Imperial
Majesty, Doni Pedm II, of Brazil, who was
present, risinir in his seat and jnininii' in tho
acclannition l)y waving-- his hat. AVayiier's Cen-
tennial Inauauratiou March was performed by
an orchestra nnder the direi tion of Theodore
Thomas, and, at the conchision of this, liishop
Simpson pronounced a short henedictory prayer,
the vast assemhlaiie standing with uncovered
lieads. At the h(^ r of nonu, upon a siiiiial
being given by trovernor Ilawley, the AnuMican
Hag was unfurled from the Main Building. The
and oraan accompaniment. A salut(> of one
hundred guns was lired from George's hill,
while chimes were rung ont from ditlercnt parts
Hallelujah Chorus was rendered with orchestral
of the ii'rounds. During the i)erl'ormance of the
chorus, the foreign Commissioners pas,sed from
the jilatform into the Main Building, and look-
up their places upon the central avenue before
their resi)ective departments, after which I'resi-
dent CJrant. accompanied by the lunperor of
Brazil, and the Director General, and followed
by all the distinuuishod guests of the day, pro-
cei'ded into the Main Building', through its main
avenui'S, where he conveyed his congratulations
to a number of the loreiiiti Commissioners who
were present to receive him, and thence to
MachiniM-y Hall, from which he passed to the
Judges (juarters. One of the most impre.ssive
scenes of the day took place in Machinery Hall,
where the rre.-ident, ii.ssistcd by the lilmiicror
of lirazil. started the motive jKiwer which was
to give such amazinu life and action to the ma-
chiiH-ry of that wonderful l)uilding. The huge
Corli>s Engine was there standing as silent as
the grave. l)Ut, at a given signal, the President
and the Emperor each seized a crank, opening
the \ p'.vcs. mid turned them several tinu's; at
once the ominous sound was heard which gave
tho myriads of onlookers to niulerstand that the
engiiie was about to move. Then th(> monstrous
lly wheel began slowly ri'volving, increasing
gradually in velocity until it was travelling at
full speed. General Hawley started a cheer,

which was taken up by the surrouiuling multi-
tude ; deafeninn- echoes reverl)erated tlirouirh
the vast IjuildiiiL;'. aiul as all the wheels in the
hall began rapidly movina. the loud rinuing of
peals of bells and other demonstrations, ti)ld the
world that the Centennial International Exhibi-
tion was at last fairly opened.

21. — Great distinction wns shown at these
opening ceri'monies to the British section — the
Hag of trreat Dritain bciu"- on , ,,
the immediate left of the position '""i "'t'Tiiiinmems.
assit;-ned to rresidoni (rraiu duriim- the cere-
monial, the American Hag being on his rii-'ht.
In the evening the city was illuminated, and an
entertainment w;is given by Mr. George W.
Childs. at which tiie Pri'sident of the United
States, and the Emperor of ]5razil, accompanied
by a brilliant stall", were i)resent, and almost
every per.^on of distinction, Anieric.in and Ibr-
eiiiii, then in the United States. This was proba-
bly the most mauiiiiicent private entertainment
ever given in America. The following evi'iiing
a siraiul l)an(iuet was given by Sir Edward
Thornton, the British AmI)assador at Wasliini:-
ton, which President Grant, the Emperor of
Brazil, and many other Amerii'an and foreign
diii'uitaries. attended. The Canadian Commis-
sioners were present at these and other notable
gatherings of distinuuished men, wiiidi were
held at intervals during the period of the
Exhibit-on. and received on every hand the
warmest congratulations (.n the highly credita-
ble ajtpearance which their country made in so
many of its departments. These were parti-
cularly hearty at a recei>tion liiveu by
Mr. Childs to Lord Dullerin on his arrival at
Philadelphia. This gentleman, and I\Ir. A. .1.
Drexel, another leading citizen of Philadelidiia,
earned the lasting gratitude of the Canadian
representatives for the valuable assistance
rendered them in services of a semi-ofTnial
character with th(> American Government.
They wer(> offered by the English Commission
and accepted, positions as British Honorary
Commissioners, and were distinii'uished by the
loyal sujiport and splendid hospitalitii's shown
by them while actini!' in that capacity.

;t^,!

i"'l

' •»(

j;;j;

ii;i;

Ti TTLKs iiisioiiv (»F nil'. Dominion ok canaka.

•J'J. — I5ut it WHS not uicrt'ly in ilii> round ol'

puMic Icstiv itii's, sind tlif diU't'icnt Inilliant

rcrcptions which were iu'Id in

Miirki'il iitli'Miiciii , 1.1 !• 1

'iinwii OitiH.ia !<> Ih<' i)ahiii:il inausioiis ol thf

ImiMUlMT'. . ,. 1>| 1 I 1 1 •

in'ivatc cili/.t-ns ol 1 hih\(lcil>lil!i.
ihiit so lively ii .symi>iilliy and marked alti'iition

I were lie>to\\.'d >ipon the Canadian scclinn
of lliis inlrrnational display. 'i'hc diU'crcnt
Canadian dipartnii'iit.s wi'ic honored l)y visits
iVoin, and minutely inspcotod l>y, thi' President
ol' tlu' I nited Slates, the Kmperor ol' Hrazil.
and all leading' oliicials who witc residinu' at
or visitin;^ Philadelphia, as well as hy many
men ol' irroal celel)rity in jirivale positions in
tht» United Stales, whose names are as familiar
to the world as hoi 'iehold words. Amouyst

i our lellow-eouutrymeu, too, the eauer and
intidliueul interest, which was excited hy
C'anachi's honorahh' participation in tho event,
was manilested hy the lari^-e numhiis who
Hoiked to the oreat centre ol' attraction iVom all
l)arts ol' tho Dominion. It was calculated that
not less than lil'ty thousand i)ersons, IVom this
side the yical lakes, visited IMiiladolphia helore
the close of tiie I'Ahihition. Amonust these
were lli.s Excellency the Governor-deneral,
the Licutcnaiit-tiovernors of the dill'en'nt
I'lovinccs, mi'mhers of the StMiate and House
of Commons, and of all the Provincial L(>a-is-
latures, and tlu' Premicis, and nearly all the
other meinhcrs of llie Dominion and Pro\ incial
Ministries. J^ord Dutferi i spent several days
in inspectinii the most interestinii' features of
the collection, i>ayinu' especial attention to the
various branches of the Canadian section. Hi'
was receivi'd with marked res^jcct hy the
American authorities of the Exhibition, and l>y
all the foiciiiii Commissioners. Duriuii' his
stay in Philadelphia he resided at the head-
(|uarters of the Canadian (.'ommissioiicrs, on
Walnut Street, and, alter his departure, was
pleased to address a letter to them, throug'h
their senior member, in which he thus expressed
his satisfaction with the Canadian display: —
'• Lord Duli'i-rin furthermore desires to express
to you the very ureal satisfaction with which j
he has witnessed the admirable arranyenients ;

under which the Canadian exhibits have been
displayed. The whole orj^'inizalion of the
department is most creditai>le to you and to
your colh'aiiue, e\ iiicintr. a« it (h)es, <^o(h1 taste,
'jood jiidiinienl, and a Ihoronirh ap])reciatioii of
the manner in which the products and the
industries of Canada sliouhl be set out to the
b(>st ad\ antaiie. Ivxcelleiit as Were the materials
with which you had to de;d, their elfect has
been undoubtedly very much enhanced by the
admirable way in wiiich they have l)een
arranged, and I am sure it must have been
a liivat satisfaction to you to have perceived
how very much every one has been struck by
the Canadian contributions, and the important
part taken by the Dmniniou in the ii-eneral
display."

CllArTEb' XLVril.

(;oVKI!NMi:\f OF 'nii; V.WU. of UCFrHIMN
— CANAI>.\ .\'f TIIF. CKNTKNNIAL. {Cuiithi'i,;!.)

]. liKVIf.W t'l' Tlti: \ MilOf.s NaTIOX.VT, KMIl-
IJITS.— •_'. TlllC C.\.\.\I)IA.\ I'.M.N'I I.Nti.>< .\NI)
W.\rKl!-l'(l],oi;s. — :;. CUKDITAItlil". I.'ISl'L.W OK

('\N.\i)i.\N I'Hoi'odi! \im;- iSrc. — 4. IiIcm.aimc-

.V1!I,1-; KXIIIHIT 1!V C.\N.\DI\N EnToMoI.OOISTS.
— ."). Tin; K.MliniT OK M1.\KKAI.S, .MKTAI.S,

Mi:iAi,i,iTu<iii'Ai, I'RoDfcTs, tVc — i;. Canada

IN Till': KKO.VT li.VNK AS A .MINKUAI, I'KO-
DUClNd CtU .\T1!Y. — 7, The CKUAMIC DKl'AliT-
MK.NTSiiKTUK K.Ml I HlTIo.N". — 8. U.SKKfl. AND

sei!V1('i:ai!i,k ai;ti(1,ks ok \ai!I()u.< kinds.

— !•. CoMlM.niKNTS I'AID Ca.NADIAN .MANf-
FACTUKKKS ]!Y xilK CkNTKN.MAI, JfDOKS.
— 10. Tin: SECTION OK EDlICATln.V, TllK
OENEWAE DISl'l^AY. — 11. TlIE CaNADIA.N EDU-
CATli'.NAI, E.MIIKIT I'.NSUUPASSED, — 12. TlIE
MACIllNEKV E.MIIISIT OENKKAEEY. — 18. TlIE
E.NdhlSlI A.Nl) AmEI!1CAN DlSl'LAY. — 14. TlIE

Canadian maciunkuy exiiuiit. — 1.'>. A sv.^i-
tem ok aiachl.ne tkstix(j. — ig. tlie i'rac-
tw.w. teaciiinos ok the exhiiiltiox to
Canada.— 17. The exiiihit i>k aokicul-
tukai. impee.mexts. — 18. tue canadian

EXH115IT.

COVBRMMRXT OF TlfK FAffL ()l* [H'lTIMMN- ('AXADA AT TriK rKN'TKN'-NMAL.

•n;7

1. — 111 piisHinii ill rovii'W tluM'iinrmous miiuht'r

and ijfrciit variety, of iisclnl iiiul vulunhlt' iiitioK's

whii'h well' irroiipcd totrcthor

llrvii'w i.f llir> ■ iL 1 -1 1-

vurioti'iiMiiMuai 111 thi' rmil(liiin"s, or wimo scat-

itMcd m imillitudiiious pndiisioii
tliioniiliout the fyiouuds of this IiittM-iiational
l'lxliil)iti()H, it is propiT lo speak nl lln' fair con-
clusions \vlii''h may he derived iVoia a com-
parison hetw. en the products of Caiuula an<l
those ol' other nationalities. TIhto are, of course,
a numher ol' blanches of human art in which a
country, so youn<; as our's, could not hope to
compete there wilh the older nations of the
worhl This is espn ially 'he case with paiiitiiii:-,
•sculpture, and ornamental industries of various
descriptions, emhracin-i' jewellery, decorative
works ill metal, and the liner species of china,
ulassware, and pottery. Comparatively few of
tho.se adorned the Canadian department, alt imuuh
of the products of Canadian art this much may
1)0 said, that ihey equalled many oi the examples
sent, from couiitries that lay claim to some
arti.stic fame, and. as a whole, were superior to
the collections of some other.s which made a
more iiretentious display. Ainoiur the luaiiv
contributors of works of line art I'jmlaiid stood
conspicuously and honorably forward. This was
universally conceded, and was conlinned by the
verdict of most of the foreiiiii, as well as Ame-
rican, judges. The preeminent jiosition taken by
the ^lother Country was due, in a larue measure,
to the <ontril)Utions u'eiierously loaned ))y the
owners of lino works of art. Her Majesty the
Queen loaned several important and valuable
pictures, and her example was lollowed by the
Ivoyal Academy, which sent a number ot the
diploma works of decea.sed Academicians, as
well as by many of the po.sse.ssors of private
picture sjalleries, and by distinguished artist.s.
(Jainsborough, Keynolds. Wilk e, jind other
worthies of classic l^ritish art. were represented
by good specimens ot their work, while Frith.
Faed, llolman Hunt, and other jn-omineut
masters of the modern School, were also there.
By far the most extensive collection of pictures
was contriliuted, as was to bo expected, by the
United States, and. although there was a great

variety of aim and treatment, the stan<lard was
uniformly good, and there were not waiitiiiu'
evidences of home as well as foreien inspira-
tions of a hi;:li ortler. The most oriirinal and
interesting eliorts were in landscape paintiiiirs,
[ representinii' the grand features, and bold rocky
' .sceiu'ry, of the far West. The linest ellbrls. [
liowever, in landscape were to be f(nuiil in the
Dutch gallery, where ilie .sole end seenied to be
to represent the simplest truths of nature in
colour, liifht, and shade. The iiiadecpuvte repre- I
si'utation of the French school of paint inn- was ]
atoiu'd for l)y the sculptors, who>e bronze
lieitres ;vere amonn' the most remaii<able and
beaulifiil productions in the wlmli' collection,
and received the warmest approbation. The :
exhibit of Italian sculpture was. on the whole, ,
somewhat disappointinu', tin- aim of the sculptors •
' ap|)arently l>eingto rei)resentcuriousdistiiictions
1 of surface texture in iloth, or linen, or knitted
l'al)rics, and diihcult undereuttine' of network
su'/gestive, more or less, of a mere materialistic
art. The Austrian pictures were very striking
; in the <lirection of ( olour, and amoiuist them
I were some remarkable works, yoru'eous in many ,
huod brilliancy, or subtle and relined delicat'y. ,
In religious art the noblest contributions were I
sent by Spain. The art of etchinu-, which in the '
hands of genius is a fascinating method of ex- \
pressing oriiriual thought and foelinsr, combining I
the utmost ireedoi 11 with the greatest reliuement, |
was well represented by exhitiits from I"' ranee, '
England, Austria, and the Lnited States. j

'2. — In jiainting, our display, if not large, was i
very creditable in av»'rage excellence, consider- !
ina' it was the contribution of, tiw,c„„,i; ■ .

^ ' 1 IH! ( iirmiliiin paint-

perhaps, the youngest art country "■'•'■"""'"■'icrcuinr..
in the world, and while comi)arison with old
countries, such as England, i- nice and Ger- |
many, was not to bo expected, the Canadian
works did not sutler disparagement aU»\u: side
those of the United States, Sweden and Norway.
They showed, at least, that we po.s.scss in our
own land, material out of which may be built
a school of art both original in character, and
respectable in merit. The landscapes in oil by '
l"'raser, I'erie, Verner, Martin, Cresswell, Forbes,

II'

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0

I.I

1^12^ 12.5

■so ■^" MBH

It I^ ill 2.0

1.8

1-25 1.4 1 1.6

., 6"

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 873-4503

s 4t^

4t)S

TI'TTIJ'/S IIISTOI.'Y OF TIIR TX)MIN[ON OF CANADA.

luul .Taof)hi, wtM'o very much admircil, and '!
i elicited commciidiitinns I'vom many ol' th,; most il
j discriminating Judgvs. The wator-colour draw- I]
ings — most ol' them bt'louging to members ol';!
I the Ontario Art Union, a very promising society ^
I ol' artists that is l)eing fostered by the Govern- ji
uicnl ol' that Provinee — were of exceptional!
merit, and not a lew of these, especially those
showinu' the distinctive characteristics of Cana-
< diaii scenery, were hitrhly praised. The water-
cohmrs by Millard, O'lhien, Matthews, Baigent,
Fowler — who was awarded a medal — Crt>sswell,
and Jacobi, formed the finest display in that
department in the whole oi the annexe to the
Art Gallery. W. C W. "ope. a member of the
l^oyal Academy, was recjuested by the Canadian
Commissioners to inspect the works of art from
the Dominion, and to adjudge the extra awards
given in the shape of medals, lie did so and
spoke in high terras of the " very good busts "
and the "remarkable display of Canadian land-
scapes."

3. — In Photography; the specimens exhibited
by our artists were not inferior to any that
,. ,, ,. , GTaced the building. The splen-

"f <''inM.iinn ([[^\ display from the estabhsh-

(lotM.niii.m.s Ai'. ment of Messrs. Notman and
Fraser, of Toronto and Montreal, was larger and
more varied than any in the Exhibition, occu-
pying a wall space of about 1100 feet, and being-
valued at $12,000. The principal points of
excellence remarked, in the portraits exhi-
ted by tliis firm, weri^ the artistic and graceful
freedom of i>()siiig, combined with pictorial
representation ; this, together with the etfective
treatment of light and shade, and the splendor
and depth of toni', and boldness of relief, placed
their work in the liighest rank of an produced
by photography. It was from the appreciation
of their work that the United States Centennial
Commission did Canada, through them, the high
honor of entrusting the sole duty of photograi)h-
ing the Exhibition, and its principal exhibits,
and it is not surprising that the rare excellence
of our display, in this department, was sjiecially
noted and receivi>d congratulatory remarks from
the people and the |>ress of all other countries.

In sculpture, for the i)urpose of hoiuse decoration,
our department containe(l what was universally
acknowledged to be t\e finest piece of workman-
ship in the building — a highly ornate and much
admired marble mantle from a Montreal manu-
factory, while some specimens of panelling,
I'onsisting of imitations of various woods and
marbles, with medallions, birds, &c., also from
Montreal, were notsurpassi'd by the work of any
competitors. The prizes taken by Canada in
tht> departments representing the line arts were
six in number.

4. — In this connection it may be proper to
mention the very remarkable collection of
insects sent l)y the Entomological

, . , p ^~.' . . ., ' . . lU'inarkiiblo cxiiibit

Society 01 (Jntario — a collection byCiiMiuiianontoni,)-
which for comprehensiveness
and scientific arrangement, could not be sur-
passed, and was without a rival in the whole
exhibition. Inlinite pains and troul)le were
expended by our entomologists in obtaining and
preparing this marvellous collection, which
came from all parts of the I'rovince some of
the material used being the accumulated result
of many years of patient labor. When complete
the coll(>ction was a very largo and handsome
one, and was repleti^ with interest and instruc-
tion. In every department the best system of
classification was followed, and, to insure
the greatest accuracy in naming, all doubtful
specimens were submitted to the best informed
specialists on the continent. The whole collec-
tion filled eighty large cases wh'ch were
disposed in a double row on a suitable stand,
eighty-six feet in length, erected in the Canadian
department of the Agricultural Hall. In these
cases were i)romiiiently diplayed all the insect
pests which inllict injuries on the crops of the
agriculturalist and horticulturalist, as well as
those which are IViendly to the farmer and fruit-
grower by preyiiiu' on the foes which attack
their products. The specimens were all in an
excellent state of preservation, but the feature
which attracted the chief attention of those
interested in this branch of science was the
thorough and correct manner in which so many
thousands of specimens were classified and

(JOVERNMENT OF TriK KARL OE DUFFERrN-CANABA AT TIIK f'KNTI'lNNIAL.

l(!!t

named. Worked up in this painstaking- manner
the collection gave valuable information to all
seeking it, not only in regard to the species
themselves, as i'ar as their identity and relative
position in the system of classification were con-
cerned, but also as to their geographical distri-
bution throughout our country — a branih of
entomological knowledu'c of great importance.
The economic value of smh a collection — which
is still preserved, as far as possible, unbroken
and well cared for, in the society's rooms in
London — is incalculable. While marking an era
in the progress of entomoloiiy in Canada, this
Centemiial effort, which redounded so much to
her credit, formed a groundwork on which
might l)e built up observations of the greatest
value; while the facilities afforded beginners
for naming the specimens, which have been the
subjects of their study, miist have the effect of
grcHitly stimiilating intelligent research in this
important dejiartment of natural science, in
which there is still so much to learn, and which
is so intimately associated with the progress of
successful agriculture.

'). — In glancing at the minerals, metals, and
metallurgical products of the Exhibition, one of
_, , ., .. p the first impressions created by a

The cxliihit of '■ J

InoMiii'u'ixi'rai''''''' general survey of the specimens
pnidiicis, ie. ggjj|- th^jg T^yas^ that certain min-

erals, in the possession of which Britain and her
colonies, including the Dominion, were conceived
to be exceptionally ftivoured, are in point of fact
to be found in great abundance all over the
world. The United States had already given
ample proof of wealth in the means of siipplyiiig
their own demands for iron and steel, but if the
many huge blocks of iron ore, and immense
masses of coal, were to be accepted as the
criterion of the resources of Canada, that which
the United States has accomplished in later
years bids fair, when circumstances permit it,
and the necessity for the establishment of iron
works arises, to be imitated in our own country
at no distant day. No one could fail to be im-
pressed with the belief that a country capable of
furnishinii' smh great quantities and varieties of
economic ores of different kinds, as were to be

seen from the Lake Superior and other districts,
and of exhibiting such sections of fossil fuel as
were there shown from Nova Scotia, British
Columbia, and the Saskatchewan, was i)osses.sed
of boundless mineral wealth. In regard to some
foreign exhibits, that oi iron for example, it was
very apparent that whatever the indirect induce-
ments may be, it is generally siH'aking those of
a direct commercial character which determine
the conduct of manufacturers in connection with
exhibitions like that of rhiladeli)hia. The
expense and trouble of preparing and superin-
tending the arrangement of the necessary
specimens, at a point several thousands of miles
distant, deterred many from the t;tsk. Great
Britain, producing half th(» pig iron in the world,
was represented in a country consuming nearly
one-fifth of the earth's productions by compara-
tively few firms, of whom but a small uuml)er
occupied a position of any importance!. This
was also pretty nearly the attitude of Germany,
of France, and of Belgium; all upi)arenlly
expected no practical consequences to themselves
to rt?sult irom the necessary outlay. Sweden
was ditl'er.,'iiiiy circumstanced, and acted accord-
ingly. She was most creditably represented,
and in a manner wortliy of her ancient repute
as a source of some of the bi'st iron known
in commerce, and her exhibit altogether was
conspicuous by the scientific character of its
arrangement. Bnt while, with this exception,
th(! European seats of this great tiade were
inadequately represented, and while England,
the largest iron making country in the world,
abstained from exhibitinii' in a country where no
customers were to be exjiected, Canada showed
more foresight by pursuing a dilferent policy,
and set the Mother Country and e\-cry other
nation an example in this department of the
Exhibition which was freely acknowledged.

6. — In minerals of all kinds, metals, and
metallurgic products u'eni'rally, fhe took a front
rank. Nature has been very

, ... . . . , ,. CiiriM'lii in till' Iniiit

proline ni giving us iuUSt Ol ninkns.iniiiniMl
,. , , , prncliKMnx i-jiinlr.v.

the ordinary metius and ores,

together with valuable deposits of limestone,

building stone, salt, etc. In all these there was

i!'»k

I '. Ii

170

TCTTfiKS FirSTOrjY OF '"IIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

a lai'U(> numl)i'r ol" entries Irom all parts of
the DoiiiiiiioM, althoimh probably the most
important part of the exhibits was that oi' ircu.
The iron ore shown from the mines near the
Ottawa contained sixty-nin(> per cent, ol' metal,
about (loiible tht> (|uantity that can bo obtained
From the ores of Norway and Sweden. It is
stated that one of these mines alone has at least
one million tons of ore that is easily accessible.
Of our metallurgical products, some of the best
were the l)illets ol iron from the Ottawa Iron
and Sti'el Manufacturing Company, which are
specially adapted for the manufacture of steel,
and, as stated by experts, there is no better ore
for this purpos(> in the world than that which
is obtained in Ontario. The l)illets referred to
were only under the Catalan forges for two
and a half hours from the raw ore, yet they
showed, in a remarkable manner, their adapt-
ability for the manufactiire of steel by the ring
of the metal. This was taken advantage of by
tuning the billets to ring a chime — a source of
amusement and astonishment to the thousands
who were attracted by the musical sounds.
The whole geoloii'ical department of Canada
was highly approved. The collection was made
in a most systematic manner, and the result
was that it furnished the means of appreciating
at once the geological structure and mineral
wealth of the country. It of course mainly
comnnmded itself to persons of scientilic tastes
and knowledge; the experts who visited it
declared it to be one of the most complete and
best arranged collections of the kind of which
the Exhibition could boast. The gold column
in the Caiuidian section, indicating the quantity
(}f that metal mined in British Columbia, was
a source of curiosity and no little astonishment
to many visitors. This column represented a
mass of gold ol the value of thirty-seven million
dollars, obtained within the preceding thirteen
years. Among the specimens having economic
value, the wonderful mass of jilumbago, and the
preparations illustrating its A-aried applications
to the arts, shown by the Dominion ]'lum])ago
Company, were particularly noticeable. Thm-e
was one single block of this mineral which

weighed more than 2>S00 pounds — the largest
piece of the kind ever known to be mined.
This exhibit was pronounced unequalled in
iht> history of plumbaii'o, and the exhi])itors
were awarded the highest honors of the
Exhibition. One specimen of lithographic
stone presented the facsimile airtographs of all
the Governors of Canada, both iM-ench and
English, Irom the tini" of Champlain, in 1(J12,
to that of Lord Monck, in l^^Vl, with the
excei)tion of two of the French Crovernors in
the lirst half of the seventeenth century, in
this connection it may lie stated that a case of
petroleum oil, and its products, from a London
manufactory, was also among the more interest-
ing and beautiful attractions of this ))art of the
Canadian department to visitors from all parts
of the world. It obtained the highest Inter-
national award and the Canadian gold medal.
In the geological department, Canada carried
oir twenty-eight International prizes. Thus did
we proclaim to the world the (Existence of our
mineral resources, and announced to this great
industrial congress, by visible signs as well as
in jdain languau'c in the admirable catalogues
prepared by Professor Selwyn and his tlever
assistants, that we possess untold mineral
wealth which only awaits capital and human
skill to render it available for the general use
of mankind.

7. — One of the most wonderful and fiiscinating
departmi'uts of the Exhibition, as a whole, was
that of the ceramic and glass

. . ', . TIio ccraink'

wares, comprismg iiorcelain, .iipartuuMit dfthc

' ' . i:.\iiii.iiiMii.

stone wares, terra-cottas, mosaics,

and ceramic wares of every description — a dis-
play most extensive and important, and covering
a very wide field. As was to be expected, the
Exhibition of Oriental, that is of Chinese and
Japanese, porcelain and jiottery was on a largo
scale, and full of interest, and was the most
important contribution to the ceramic depart-
ment put together by any one country, ►'^o far
as the European products were concerned,
although there was rather a paucity of inven-
tion, either of now processes ol manufticture, or
new applications of material, nevertheless some

fiOVKIJ.V.MKXT OF TIFH KARL OF DrFFFIJIX— CANADA AT TUF OHXTFNXIAI. 471

ol' th(> contributions served to illustrate what
has oi't(Mi been ol)served ol' the almost inexliau-
stible I'crlility ol' the potter's art. The exii^emies
of some new jn-ocess, the .sudden development
of some hitherto restricted trade, the mere
shiltinii' of the wind of fashion, all may be met,
and sometinu's are so met, by novel etforts on
the part of the potter, and ser\e to prove that
the mosK ancient art of the world has still many
untried resources, and many lields still open to
oriiiinality and enterprise. Of late days the
wider spread of accurate investigation, in
g(>ology and mineralogy, has greatly aided the
manufacture by the discovery of new veins of
clays, and of other minerals available for its
process. The careful analysis of many clays, and
other researches of exiierimeiUal chemistry, as
well as the precise observations of scientific
collectors, has also widened the field of labour.
In this dei)artment Canada had its contributions
which \\-ere impor'^nt, not so much from their
extent — although that was not to be despised —
as from the evidence they ali'orded of the
abundance of excellent ruxtural material, and of
the industrial skill shown in its use. In refer-
ring to Canada's part in the general disi>lay, Mr.
]{. II. Soden Smith. F. S. A., who was Chairman
of the board of American and foreign judiics in
this department, remarked: — " In Canada the
manufacture of the more iinished descriptions
of pottery is of very recent growth, but already
shows signs of a skil' and emergy. on the part
of the manufacturers, which ]>romises well for
the future, and which could not fail to be
regarded by iMiglishmen with special interest
and salisi'action. lloth granite and cream-
coloured wares of good quality, and workman-
like style, were exhibited, as well as bricks of
excellent manufacture, artilicial stones, crucibles,

' specimens of terra-cot ta, &c. The success at-
tained is the more remarkable as the manufac-
ture of some of the.'<e wares so important foi
household use, has not been long established.

j A great and most creditable advanci' has been
made by the enterprising Canadian manufac-
turers, and that in a brief period." We may, in

j addition to this, remark that the development

of this iiulustry has been wonderfully rapid,
and even admittinu', to the fullest extent, the
ad\antage which our people have had from
workmen trained in liurope, nevertheless the
results already obtained reflect great credit on
the emergy, enterprise and ability l)rouuht to
bear on the manufacture. In this, as in other
dt^partments of Canadian haiulicraft. the ,self-
reliaiictf of our people has strikingly come out
in the progress of the industry. Some have
entered upon it without any previous know-
ledge or iraininii', and yet, by sheer perseverance,
r(>adiness of resource, and aptitude io learn, have
triumphed over their early dilticulties and lo.sse.s,
and accomplished, in a short time what, in the
opinion of the most competent judges, nuxst be
considered a remarkable success.

<s. — It was, however, in articles of prime
necessity that Canada was likely chielly to(>xcel,
and in these .she took liiuh rank
among the other manulacturnig ^ii,].. ji-n.ies „r v.iri-
nationalities. In leather of all
descriptions, including the liiu'r cla.sses, in boots
and shoes, in twtu'ds, knitted goods, and
domestic cottons, in stoves and stove- ware, tools
of all kinds, printed books and stationery, and
similar articles, she compared most favourably
with any other nation that appeared at I'hila-
delphia. Taking the single article of boots and
shoes, as an exam])le, we may state, that one
Toronto firm .sent a collection which was not
equalled in the whole exhibition lor variety,
embracinu' so many dill'ercnt kinds and styles
and made in so many descriptions of leather,
foreiuii and domestic. This exhibit caused quite
a sensation, especially amongst the lady visitors,
who were delighted with the delicacy and
exquisite workmanship of the ladies" wear, and
large crowds were daily 'gathered round the
glass cases in which it was contained. A large
number of the articles were sold as samples for
the Australian market. In this branch of
manafactvxre the sewing machine is now being
freely utilized. The Canadian sewing machines
were a very creditable display — many of our
manufacturers, who had at previous exhibi-
tions established for themselves s(j high a

'I.

ili

iliRi'i

I'i I !f

in:

■'«-^tii

472

Tl'TTLK'S HISTORY OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

roi>ut;itioii. bt'iiiL;- ahle to inaintaiii it in an even
' more uicriloiious inaiiiu'r at Philadoiphia, wliiio
a lariio collection of musical instrvimt'nts of
A'arious kinds proved the siiccossful ciibrts that
arc hcinu' made by our manul'actureis in this
l)ranch of the arts. Ii; ready-made clothing,
too, Canada made a very successful disj)lay, one
of oiir exhibitors obtaining the International
diploma and bronze medal. So in .some other
i useful and serviceable articles, such as edge
tools, Canada was a conspicuous and very hon-
ourable comjietitor — her display ])eing second
' to noni' in the buildinu'. They were especially
I noticed and comment e-L upon by gentlemen of
high experience in Great Britain, who were
acting as Centennial Judges, as were also
. several large assortment " iron goods of
] various kinds, including .i lare as.sortment of
skates, shown by the Starr Company of Halifax.
' A collection of saws, from a manufactory in
St. Catharine's, Ontario, was a very prominent
exhibit, and was one of the great attractions of
the Canadian Court. It was contained in an
immense glass case, with a black velvet l)ack,
in which the briiiht implements were tastefully
arranged. It comprised every description of
saw in general us(>, and was universally admired
j for the beauty, linish, and excellence of the
material. There were many Canadian firms
who exhibited numerous varieties of tools for
industrial purposes, and large orders from dif-
ferent parts of the United States, and even from
countries so far distant as Australia, were the
direct consequences of all these dili'erent exhi-
bits. Then again in woollen goods of all kinds,
shown l>y Canada, it was acknowledged frankly
by comi)etitors from various parts of the world,
that she took the first place, though, of course,
she did not show broadcloths, nor other .similar
goods of the very finest textur(V Her display
of cottons, although not large, w^as very excel-
1 lent. In cotton, linen, and other similar fabrics,
i the larizest proportion was supplied, as was to
be expected, by the United States. Great
Britain and other continental nations, were
restrained from making so extensive and varied
a display of these manufactures as they might

have done, by reason of the excessive protective
tariti'. The inevitable result was to pr'.'vent so
complete a coininirison as might otherwise have
been made, and thus to frustrate one of the
most desirable and valuable purpose's of an
international exhibition. In .some clas.ses, how-
ever, the textile manufactures of all countries
were well represented, and although the collec-
tions of some were more extensive and
diversified than those of others, there was
snilicient in all cases to show the progress made
by the difi'erent competitors, and their capabili-
ties, as well as to ailbrd valuable opportunities
for comparison.

0. — On this account, therefore, if on no other,
the very creditable place which was universally
assisned to Canada's displav^ in „ ,. , .,
this particular department, is all J;;";;;;!,!;';'!"';',",""
the more remarkable, and many Conior,ni..iju,t'.s.

high compliments were passed upon it. Mr.
Isaac Watts, late Secretary to the Manchester
Cotton Supply Association, one of the English
judges at the Exhibition, and the Chairman of
the Judges in this department, praised Canada's
exhibit very highly. He said : " The textile
fabrics contril>uted by Australia, New Zealand
and the colonies generally, with one excejition,
were neither numerous nor important, but
Canada has made a remarkable display, and
one which excited surprise and admiration. In
articles of clothing, and in cotton and woollen
fiibrics of various kinds, Canada has proved to
be in many respt cts in advance of the United
Slates. The superior qualities of the woollen
tweeds and cassimeres, the heaA'y cheviots and
check regattas, the heavy twilled domet flannels,
the pure Nova Scotia woollen blankets, the plaid
flannel shirtings, twilled Jeans, calicoes, heavy
sheetings, etc., was unquestionable, and they
were unsurpassed by any similar goods in the
Exhibition. The British Judges, having under-
taken to make the special and additional
awards offered by the Canadian Commission
to exhibitors from the Dominion, had ample
opportunities of estimating the progress that
has been made, and the degree of perfection
which has been attained. Canada, especially

^rf-.

sive protective
i to pi-'M-eiit so
'thorvviso have
e one of the
irposes of an
' iliisst's, how-
all countries
■gh the collec-
ttoiisive and
S there was
n'og-ress made
their oapahili-
opportunities

on no other,
s universally

omiilimenls |i:iid
;irj;Mli;ni m;inu-
ii-Miiri'is liy the
ontcnnial juilijcs.

pon it. Mr.
Manchester
the English
Chairman of
sod Canada's
'The textile
row Zealand
ie exce])tion,
)ortaiit, but
lisplay, ai)d
liration. In
md woollen
IS proved to
the United
he woollen
heviots and
(let flannels,
ts, the plaid
coes, heavy
, and they
oods in the
'ing under-
additional
'ommission
had ample
gress that
perfection
especially

,>vs

,.>^,

■*

li.

f'%

472

rriTrrn^T Mm -f»i..rr»'

TJJl.- »

Mi.

• were :

. and i;:

■•■ ■ 'if nil kiiiu-,
'^■"d iranklv

:iuon. ::. i oi'nu ^.
..•Y loiKinental iuh

1 rom

Tf-,

Ill

u ■

iiii-

if!

CJOVKF.'XMKNT <)F TIIK HAI!!- ()F Dl'FFEJUN-CAXADA AT THE CKNTHXMAI-.

t7.{

in some ol' ht!r manuractuii is entitled to
pre-eminence." Many otluM' eoinpetent juda'es
at rhiladeli'liia passed enconiums similar to tliis.
The Canadian i;oods exiiihitod were n-enerally
conspicixoiis lor lims workmanship, eleuanee ol'
desiii'n, and harinonious oomhination olColonrs,
and they rej)eatedly called i'orlli expressions ol'
pleasure and satisfaction. The Aast proi^ress of
the United iStates, as shown l)y their exhibits
of a similar kind, was undoul)tedly threat.
Judged alone, and in relatiftn to I'ormer periods,
it proved that a hii]fh deuree o!' perfection had
been attained. The c()|],.,tions from other
countries, however, though ](>ss extensive,
indicated a progress no less rtnnarkahle. and,
therefore, the jire-emineiit place taken by our
own conntry was all the more honourable.
On all sides development and jirouress were
striking'ly manifested, and, if tliis was more
conspicuously shown in some cases than in
others, we can well believe that all would be
inspired with new life and impulses, which
coiild not fail to induci' fresh elforts to excel in
the peaceful but glorioirs achievements of
industry and commerce.

10. — The section of Edu<ation, in any Inter-
national Exhil)ition, is one of transceiidant
importance as indicating in manv

Thospctionof ., • . ,i , , . "

K.iiication. Tho ways, the intellectual exi)ansion

general displiiy. • i i « i.

and progress ol the world. At
Philadelphia there was scarcely one civilized
country unrepresented ; the limits of the Exhi-
bition in this respect were very wide ; and,
although some countries were by no means
adequately represented, the representation as a
whole was perhaps as complete in every way as
could be expected. A few countries from which,
under difl'erent circumstances, we should have
looked for an exceptionally excellent appearance,
seemed coy and backward in presenting them-
selv es ; and this was all the more to be deplored
in that elementary education having taken its
place as a science, it was of the highest impor-
tance to collect and examine in such a place the
experience of many nations. The exhibits of
Great Britain, for example, formed no criteria by
which to estimate accurately her educational

standing. They consisted of some valuable pli<ito-
graphs of the London Hoard Schools, writing
frames for the blind, a multiplicity of school
reiiisters, maps, a milibiry model apparatus for
illustrating drill movements, books and en-
gravings, and a number of interesting objects
from the South Kensington Mu.seum. !•" ranee
was represtmted chieily by books. Germany
submitted a lame collective exhibit of her book
trade and printing industries — the only other
noticea})le feature in her division, being the
fullness and excellence of her geographical
exhibit. Norway, though sending little, showed
an interesting collection of materials for a free
school. Austria made a jioor return to the United
States for what they had sent to Vienna in 187:>.
Italy furnished music, didactic treatises, and
microscopic anatomical preparations, and was
surpassed by Brazil, which made a very fair
display of work done by pupils in the schools
of Kio Janeiro. Of those countries which put
forth a systematic effort to show the existing
state of educiition amongst them, notice was
first arrested by Sweden with its specimens
of work from its schools of home industry,
and its national high schools, its line collec-
tive exhibit from the technical elementary
schools, ai its primary school-house — a one
story frame builling, fitted with all the acces-
sories of b' furniture, books, charts, Sec,
which was d in the exibition grounds by
the Royal Sv sh Commission. The most
noteworthy exhibits of Belgium were types of
school furniture, approved by the Beliiian
Government, and examples of the writing
method approved by the Stat(>. The Nether-
lands furnished a limited but worthy illustra-
tion of their highly developed system of School
Boards and school inspection. Switzerland made
a particularly good exhibition. A careful selec-
tion of reports, from the Boards of Education in
nine Cantons, revealed the thorough organization
of the Federal schools, while a large number of
" obligatory and facultative" text-books and
apparatus, used in elementary and high schools,
showed the admirable provision made for the
young as clearly as the pupils' work showed the

"ll

>i\

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i '13

1 i!.i

47 1

TCTTLKS IllSTOlIY <)F TIIK DOMINION OK CANADA.

•^•ood usi'iiiado ol' tluit provisiitii. Tin- stalislicnl
' partol' tlic .Swiss St'ctioii was sciirccly surpassed,
and allordcd a noble nionunu'nt to tlie free insti-
tutions of tho niountaiu ri'i)ul)lic'. Spain, tliouuh
)>ehind hand in education, gave the inipres.sioii
of a land anxious to advanee, and strugaling
towards tlio liulil. The IJussian exhibits fur-
iiished evideiK^e of careful instruction in schools,
especially in the sciences relating to nioi'hanical
eniiincerinL;'. .lapan has for several year.s dis-
played a remarkable anxiety to i)rocure the best !
scliool models, aiul has been vi-ry .successfx;].
Some of the bi'sl elements of the Western sys-
tem of education have been incorporated in her
public .schools. The Japanese building was
rich in books of elementary sciemc, maps, and
plans of schools, school furniture, almanacs,
histories, and newspapers, aiul pictures illus-
trating their mode of instruction. Teaching by
the eye is a strong point with the Japanese.
The Argentine liepixblic, all things being con-
sidered, also made a creditable appearance. All |
these coiuitries, however, were subordinate to,
and oversliadowed l)y, the display from the
United States, \\hich w as \ery extensive, and
for which the most complete picparutioiis were
made. Every State in the Union was authorized
to ai)point a Commission for the purpose of
securing the best appearance possible, and large
sums were voted to send a collective exhibit of
statistics, literature, and students' work. The
principal States sent each its Superintendent of
Public Instruction, who remained at Philade!
phia, with his stall', nearly the whole term of
the Exhibitiim to oiler explanations of novel
apparatus, and of the various systems pursued.
There were two Kindergarten schools, and a
model school, in daily work in the Exhibition
grounds, while visits to schools in the adjacent
city were constantly organized.

11. — We have been thus particular in point-
ing out the positions raken in the section of
education by the different great
(■.lurat'ioimi'oxhii.ii countries of the world, and their
j)uice as compared with that of
the United States — the great rival of Canada —
in order to indicate more accurately the position

of Canada herself. The place taken by this
country in the u'reat Internationa! competition
was one of which her peoplt! have every reason
to feel proud It was one of the niost striking
displays in the whole Exhil)ition, excited marked
interest amongst the thousands of visitors from
all other countries, and called forth the highest
enconiums from the press and prominent edu-
cationists in all parts of the world. The Cana-
dian exhibit was made l)y the Ontario Dei>art-
ment of Education, was under the superin-
tendt'nce of Dr. Ilodgins and Dr. May, of that
Department, and consisted of a large and varied
collection of .school material, apparatus, aiul
other appliances, si>ecimcns of pupils' work,
and a number of very line photograi)hs and
models of school buildiniis. The whole exhibit
was so arranged as to show that the develop-
ment of the intellectual and physical faculties,
and the acquisition of scicntilic and other know-
ledge, is more easily ac(juired by the use of
different kinds of apparatus, than by any other
method of instruction This was so success-
fully ell'cctcd that, in all the vast array of ex-
amples of the triumph of indu.stry and art from
dill'erent nations, no country was crowned with
more successful results, or exhibited more won-
derful proofs of intellectual jn'ogress than was
manifested by our educational exhibit at Phila-
delphia. The plan devised for securing this
was a most striking one. The maps were dis-
played on an ornamental wall, one hundred and
ten feet long aiul thirty feet high, so constructed
that an increased amount of si)aie could be
utilized. The wall was surmounted by a very
handsome cornice with massive walnut pillars
and pedestals ; in the centre was the main arch-
way, and at the summit of this was displayed
the Royal Arms of Great Britain — the largest
in the Exhibition — beaiitifuUy carved and
gilt ; underneath were shields in relief of the
arms of the Dominion and of Ontario as well
a.s a large ornamental shield of the arms of the
Education Department itself. Two smaller
archways at the sides were also adorned with
appropriate symbols representing the advance
of education, and on the principal pillars were

(idvrinxMKNT or tfik tafu, or Drri-'RHivcAXAnA at tiih cknti'N'N'iai,

tT.")

lil't-.sizc bustx ol' Ilcr Mnji'sty tlif CJiiocu. and
tho latf I'riiici' Cojisort. in I'ronl of tlu' wiill
aloovt's wcrt- l)nilt, thus niulliplyiui;' ovor tfu
times the (jUiintity ol'diigiiial wall space. The
l)riiicipai wall was eovt-icd with <>(0<iraphi(al
and physi'iil maps dciiantly mounli'd. whilst
thi' walls ol' tht' nliovos wcrr covon'd with
charts and diat^rams illustrative ol' the various
branches of science, From tht> blending- of the
colours, and the perspective bai k-uround beiny
of a neutri'l tint, the maps, charts, iS:c., were
thrown out in bold relief, greatly eiihancinn-
their attractiveness; and, from the fact of the
wall Ijciiiy so much elevated above th(> other
articles displayed in the Canadian departnu-nt,
it formed an exhibit very pleasant for the eye
to rest upon, and added very much to the
sreneral eil'ect of the whole Canadian court. The
apparatus, globes. })ooks. object lessons, «.Src.,
were displayed in large glass cases fitted up
specially to suit this class of goods, and, on the
top of those cases, were life-size busts — copies
from the originals in the South Kensington
Museum — of several royal personages, and men
distinu'uished in literature and science. From
the prominent position, and the excellence of
the display, of this whole educational collection,
it became a source of great interest to general
visitors. The Educational Court was thronged
daily with thousands, many of whom previously
were actually ignorant of the geoij-raphical posi-
tion of the I'rovince. and who w(>r(> srrrprised to
lind it so far advanced in educational matters.
To those who were particularly interested in
education, and also to those who were seeking
information for emigration and other purposes,
was presented a special report relating to the
educational institutions of the country. It is
almost unnecessary to explain hero how we
succeeded in winning this victory, by our
display, over that of all other coiintries, or to
show in what special sections of the department
we excelled. One of the primipal designs of the
Canadian educational exhibit was to show the
tools, so to speak, by which the teacher's work
is successfully performed. The United States
educationists, who were the largest representa-

tives of education in the whole exhibition, did
not do this; their chief exhibit consisted ol
pupils' work They had huudred:i of bound
volumes conlaininii' specimens of writing, com-
position, aritlimetic,iVc.,andasthese,juel provi-d,
those were of little interest, except to persons
from the immediate loialilies represented, an<l
who, in lu.iny cases, were personally accjuaintcd
with the pujuls, Foreigners, as a ri;le, would
not take the tiuu> to examine these books, and,
when they did so, a few specimens satisfied
their curiosity. It is a well known fact that

, the great attraition to visitors in the M.ichincry
Hall was to see the macliiuery at worl< ; they
were only partially satisfied with knowing
that certain articles could be i)roduced, l)Ut
were anxious to see how the work was ac-
complished. It was precisely the same in
regard to education; they were not so much
interested in the pupil's work, as in examin-

' ing the appliances used in teaching-. As com-
pared with our most formidal)le competitor, the
United States, the display made by Canada was
all that the most enthusiastic Canadian educa-
tionist could desire. The different Slat(>s of the
Union spared no expense in preparinu' their

i ediicational exhibit ; the State of Peiuisylvania
alone spent $].■), 000. and erected a special l)uild-

I ing for the purpose. Other States also contributed
largely, as we have seen, for their own special
exhibits ; yet it was generally acknowledged,
even by the people of thes(> States themselves,
that our representation was the most complete
in the whole Exhibition — uf the most value for
educational purposes, and of the most interest
to visitors. As comi>aved with the Mother
Country the opinion of the Editor of one of thi-
most influential journals in England was that,
" the only thing which redeemed the British
exhibit was tht; splend'd collection from the
Educational Department of Ontario," and simi-
lar opinions were expresstnl by other leading
IJritish newspapers. So much was it appreciated
for its excellence by our fellow subjects at the
Antipodes, and by educationists from foreign
countries, that duplicate copies of maps, appa-
ratus, models, &c., manufactured in Toronto,

Ifv

• it

'3 ii

ill

ii i

47(i

TITTTLK'S JllSTOltV OF TIIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

under (he ilircctioii of the Educational Depart-
ment ol the rrovimo, were ordered by the
representatives of the Governments of Victoria,
New South Wales, Japan, the United States, and
other countries. We can well believe that lu)
honours were better deserved than when this
edueational exhibit was awarded the Ci'.nadian
g'old medal by the iMiglish judges for the Cana-
dian department, and the International medal
and diploma by the Centennial Commission of
the Exhibition.

12. — We have beiore referred to Machinery
Hall and its contents — the most marvellous
The .Miiciiiii»iy feature of the Exhibitio)i. The

t..vhii.ii guncraiiy. display of machinery at Philadel-
phia was a greut event in the history of applied
mechanics ; as a whole it was a magnificent
effort of reliued mechanism, rich in new ideas,
full ol' fresh instruction, and most encouraging
ill i)romise for the future. Past inventions
were presented under new and unlooked for
arrangements, the old ideas leading to fresh
devices. It was most suggestive in presenting
new forms to materials, new constructions
containinii- oriaiiial eoinbinations of matter in
alliance with force or mechanical energy.
There were novel applications of ingenious
mechanism to useful purposes in art and
manufaciures, all conducive to the saving
of labor, or the economy of material, and all
striA'inii- to attain excellence in production
combined with good proportion in strength,
harmony, and beauty in outline. This
deiiartinent of the Exhibition had a strongly
marked American character, and could
hardly be regarded as an Incerncitional compe-
tition. Other civilized countries took part
!l 5.:.!. but the aggregate did not equal one
f «ui tli of the articles exhibited from the United
K.ilcs. There was also marked evidence of
iXitriuuc spirit in tlie prodigious cllbrts made
by individual citizens and linns to sustain
worthily the mechanical repatalion of their
coiintry. It will of coiu'se be readily under-
stood that the majority of such articles exhibited
by all countries, the United States included,
were not distinguished for originality, or even

['■ for novelty, but rather, as in former Interna-
1 tional gatherings, for their good qualities in
{respect to design, material and workmanship.
The greatest change was observable in the
' products of those nations that were formerly
th(! least advanced. It was impossilde to
I resist th«> conclusion that a great change was
going on in the relative position of diflerent
countries at these machinery gatherings. There
j is an equalizihg force at work producing an
eijualiziiiu- tendency, and this equalizing tend-
ency of exhibitions has to be taken into account
in estimating their active force as agents for
advancing civilization.

18. — The EnglLsh disp^iy, although smaller
in c|uantiiy than al former exhibitions, was con-
siderably rich.n- in originality, ,,,,,^, ^„^,|,,,, „„,,
and in everything that marks An.eri.iin,ii..|,i,iy.
thought and progress. One could not fail to
notice, however, the great fertility of invention
displayed in the United States, and the excellent
workmanship obtained by the joint effect of
their machintt tools, machinery, and skilled
workmen. Compared with the English machin-
ery, that of the United States seemed somewhat
lighter, and althouiih not deficient in strength,
perhaps not so well adaj)ted to purposes where
great steadiness of action, and freedom from
vibration are required ; but the ingenuity of
device and fertility of mechanical resource were
marvellous. The aim at improvement took two
dillerent directions, one being that of obtaining
simplicity and cheainiess of construction, put-
ting the cost of making as a secondary
importame : the other being the endeavour to
obtain high i>erl'ection in the details, and great
economy of working, treating the cost of con-
struction as of less importance. The one, in a
word, was aimed at cases where engines and
machinery are employed for temporary purposes,
the other at cases where continuous working is
the object. As a whole, Machinery Hall could
not fail to give any intelligent observer a high
opinion of the mechanical genius of the Ameri-
can people. There was great inventive power,
and a ready and fearless adaptation of the
means to the end sought. In considerin<>' the

t!:i

GOVKJIN.MKNT OF TIIH IvVIU. (W I )UKFK1{IN— CANADA AT Til!': CKNTKNNIAI,

477

display of miiiKM'ou.s and varied contrivances,
one could not Tail to remember that many of
these came from distant parts of the country, and
had to be contrived out of such materials and
with such means as were available on the spo'
13ut in the machines and apparatus fro.i
favoured establishments and localities, the
workmanship was udaiirable, and every work-
ing part down to the minutest detail l)ure
evidence of the highest thought and study. The
proximity ol American machinists to the place
of exhibition would be sullicient to account
somewhat for their superiority ; still, in versa-
tility and power of adai>tation, ihey evidently
took the first place in the world.

14. — Canada was fortunate at Philadelphia in
having her position assigned at the chief en-
ThcCiinM.ii.n traucc to Machinery Hall,whert^

Miuhinery E.Nhii.ii. jj^g majority of visitors had to

pass through the space c'ontaining her products.
The classes of machinery exhibited by her
embraced almost every branch. The exhibit,
althovxgh, comparatively speaking, small, was.
very well selected ; but, for causes which have
already heen indicated, and which operated in
the case of other competitors as well, it was
an inadequate rt>presentation of the enormous
capital, skill and energy employed in the ecn-
struction of machinery amongst us. Notwith-
standing this, a large number of the Canadian
articles exhibitinl were spoken of, by judges of
the jrreatest practical knowledge and experience,
as being of high value, not only on account of
the ccelleiice of theii liiiish and the solidity of
their parts, but for the novelty of their con-
struction, and the ingenuity of the contrivances
brought to bear in adaptiiui' them to their
several purposes. As a single example! of this,
one of our inventors, who was exhibiting at
rhiladeljihia, was enabled to place throughout
the great rennsylvania Kaihvay, as well as in
many foreign countries, a valuable invention
for facilitating the removal of railway carriages
from their trucks, either for the purpose of
changing the gauge of the wheel, or for repairs.
There were a number of other such conspicu-
ous articles in Machinery Hall, which com-

manded much attention, and e en admiration.
Of motors there was a great profusion, both for
water and steam, and a larn'e and attractive
display of steam and other pumps, ou the latest
and most improved system of construction. We
have as yet merely indi',at(Hl the Canadian ex-
hibit of machine tools. In the liner department
of these, l)oth for metal and wood. Canada caine
out nobly, and was on all hands assigned a
very high position. The machine tools, for
metal, were principally after the English style,
inclining rather to heeds than to Manchester.
Perhaps the most perfect of these exhibited
was a large slotting machine of fine proportions,
most consist( ntly carried out in all the details,
with every part in good keeping with the
other, which is a rare virtue, and seldom mani-
fested by those makers who can only imitate.
The most conspicuous Canadian exhil)it in this
department, however, was a radial driliinii'
machine, of real exterior beauty, arranged in
such a manner that thi' drilling spindle could
l)e twisted every way, so as to point lor ward or
backward, or in any direction, and .ilili relaiii
all its automatic faculties. Specially notice-
al)le also were a mas.'<ive sirew-cutting and
side lathe, a grand moulding machine lor all
sorts of wood-planing work, and not a few
excellent machines ibr wood-working, by dif-
ferent makers. All these were much admired
for their respective designs, their materials and
workmanship, and the perfection of the adjust-
ment of all their joints.

15. — One remarkable circumstance in con-
nection with the machinery exhibit at Phila-
delphia, as a whole, should be ,v -y.ti.,„„rin:ui,in,.
noted. The dill'erent machines '«"""-
were subjected to a course of rigid te.stinu',
in Older to ascertain tlieir mathematical ac-
curacy. This had not been done at any pre-
vious exhi])ition, although strong recommen-
dations in favor of it had been made in .^ome ol
the European official reports. The great advau-
t'asj'e and value of this syst(>m of testing ;ire very
obvious. Machine tools, for example, with their
collateral adjuncts, when considered as the
agency by which other kinds of machines are

'tH

i;;l

'■';•!

I '

l[i

47s

TUTTLE'S HISTORV OF-' TIIR DOMINION OF CANADA.

to be prodmvil, los(» a i>T('at part of thoir valu(>
wlicu tlioy are mathematically iuaccnirato.
Unless true circles, straiu'ht linos, parallelism,
and absolute truth, inherently exist in themsel-
ves, they are not capable of inipartin<>' those
conditions to the materials upon which they
operate. Inaccuracy in any machine lowers the
quality of its work, and indirectly increases the
cost of production enormously. At Philadelphia
an ofHcial invitation was sent to every exhibitor
of uuichines, and tools for workinji^ metal, wood
and stone, to test his exhibit , as already described.
The Americans were evidently prejiared for the
invitation, for. as if by concert, almost every
American lirm of hii^h standing volunteered.
There was no response from any other nation,
except Canada aiul one l-"rench lirm, and Canada
passed through the trial most credital>ly.

1(). — For some unexplained reason, no col-
lection in ^lachincry Hall was more freely
.,., ,. , commented upon than uur own,

i';\'hi'i'.inT,n''i,.''"" f'l' had any apparent fault pointed
'"""'■'• out so rei)eatedly ; and, it maybe

safely added, no nation deiived more benelit
from the i)ractical teaching of that great educator,
the Centennial Exhibition, than did " this Canada
of ours." Canadian machinery has a character
of its own ; unlike some of the European nations,
theory has not gone l)elore practice, from the
circumstance that our engineering knowledge
and experience have not reached the foundry aiul
smithy through the technological college, nor the
class room, but rather through the teachings and
promptiniis of necessity, and from free intercourse
and contact with the Mother country, and our
enterprising neighl)ours on the other side of the
iiTcat lakes. Hence it is that the Canadian style,
so to speak, is a mixture of the English and
Ameri<an, with rather more of the latter than
the former, and with a strong trace of original
thinkinu' interspersed throughout all. The
Canadian exhibit at Philadelphia, under ditferent
and more i'avorable circumstances in our trade
relations with our neighl)ors, would have been
mucii laru'cr and more complete in every way.
As it was it compelled the warmest praise from
the hiii'hest authorities at the Exhibition. 8ir

John Anderson, one of the English judges, a
civil engineer of high standing, and the Chair-
man of tht> judges in the machinery department,
sjwke 01 the Canadian exhibit in terms of the
hghest commendation. In his official report to the
British Ciovernmenl this gentleman makes the
following remarks : "Gnnvt Britain and Canada
occupied the best position in the Machinery
Hall. If we were to take the Canadian Exhibition
in connection with the British, and consider
them as one, in the same manner as was done
in the United German Empire, then indeed the
^ extent was greater than all the rest in the world
I exclusive of the United States. * * * *
1 Canada made a good display in machine tools
I which, to some extent, veiled over the short
I comings of the MothiM- Country. There were
thirty exhibitors from Canada, and no other
covintry produced a stronger feeling of surprise,
by the extent and excellence of the general
machinery exhibit, than did that colony. All
i were prepared to see a brilliant display by the
■ United States, and none of the European nations
did so much as might have l)een expected. The
i Canadian exhibition, when considered in rela-
: lion to the number of its population, and to the
comparatively short period that had elapsed
since she gave herself resolutely to engineering,
was truly noble. Although one of the youngest
competing nations in machinery, yet it contained
many admirable specimens which would have
done honour to any country. There was a
freshness and youthful vigour manifested, both
in design and execution, that foretell the future
giant." That a joung country like Canada
should have sent to the world's Exhibition
machines of such a hiuh class, which were not
only considered remarkable by other nations,
but were deemed worthy ot the closest inspec-
tion and criticism by machinery (^xperts, is one
j of the most striking signs of the times. Machine
I makinaknovledy-e is extending in all directions,
[ and it really appears as if engineering would
'■ soon be as common as carpentry has been in
[ times past.

I 17. — The exhibition of agricultural imple-
I ments was confined, with a few exceptions, to

'ffs,

1 judges, a
I tho Chair-
lepartment,
Tins of tho
eport to the
makes the
iiul Canada
Machinery
Exhibition
i consider
was done
indeed the
1 the world
# # *
I'hine tools
the short
tiere were
i no other
)t' surprise,
le general
louy. All
lay by the
an nations
cted. Tho
d in ri'la-
iind to the
d elajised
I'ineering,
youngest
contained
•uld have
was a
ted, both
he future
Canada
xhibition
were not
nations,
t inspec-
ts, is one
Machine
irections,
g would
)eon in

1 imple-
)tions, to

GOVERNMENT OF THE EARL OF DUFFERIN— CANADA AT THE CENTENNIAL. 170

The oxhi>)itii)ii of

iiKriciilriinil

iiii|p]uiiiuii(s.

the United States and Canada. !

It was a fact, freely commented ;

upon by English visitors to Phila-
delphia, that the leading manufacturers of Great
Britain were not represented, and the reasons '
assigned i'or this were the high American tarilf, |
the great expense of traiL'^portation, and the
impolicy of exposing the inventions of British
manufacturers for six months to the thousands |
of enterprising American machinists. These '
reasons may be valid as far as they go, but we
believe they were short-sighted on the part of
any country, and the wisdom of disri'garding '
them was amply shown, as wi' shall see, in the
case of Canada, to whom, also, they in a large
measure applied. Thi^ Philadelphia Exiiosition
drew together people of all nations and lan-
guages, eager i'or information, and many anxious
to carry back to their distant homes such ma-
chinery as appeared most suitable for their
varied necessities. Foreign manufacturers, by
their absence, left the lield of enterprise open to
the exhibitors who were represented, e!:.pecially
to those of the United States who were the prin-
cipal contributors. The English manufacturers,
especially by this policy of abstention from
competition, endangered their past monopoly of
the Great South American trade, while they
prevented what would have proved both inter-
esting and instructive, a comparison between the
two great exporting countries of the world.

18. — Considerable dilhculty w^as experienced,
as we have seen, with our own manufacturers

at tho outset, but these were, to

a certain extent, overcome by the
liberal inducements to exhibit held oat by tlie
heads of the Canadian section of the Exhilntion.
The result was that we had at Philadelphia a
collection of agricultural implements sulhcient
in number and quality to prove the high state
of excellence we have reached in that important
mechanical department. The Canadian exhibit
attracted clo.se attention, and secured the cordial
praise of all who examined it. Our people had to
compete with a very numerous and varied col-
lection of implements of the same class from
other manufacturers. But, though the imple-

riioCiiiiuilian
K.xliiliil.

ments sent by the United Stales were in some
cases of an excessively high finish, intended
merely for show, the Cnnadian machines, most
of which were made for actual work, were
admitted to be at least equal to any in the
Agricultural Plall. And there was not wanting
evidence of this. The practical proof of their
excellence, combined with their cheapness, was
to be found in the desire which a number of
prominent gentlemen from Australia manifested
to purchase them, and to i)rocure for the inhabi-
tants of their colov.ies the opportunity of seeing
implements of so much simplicity and utility,
and capable of Ijcing produced at so reasonable
a cost. Several of the Commissioners, too, from
Australia who were large agriculturists, and of
great experience, felt constrained to iJUrchase a
niTinber of Canadian implements for the use of
their respective Governments. One of these
gentlemen, Mr. li. W. Cameron, of Ni'W York, a
native Canadian now established in that city as a
merchant, performed important services in this
respect, both to the Colony which he rt'preseiited
and to this country. Mr. Cameron, largely we
l)elieve, from patriotic motives, l)y the purchase
of or liberal advances upon these goods enabled
quite a number of our manufacturers of agri-
cultural implements to test tht; Australian mar-
ket. It is not for us to speiiilate upon the
success of the attempts made at Philadelphia,
and, since that, at the Sydney Exhibition in New
South AVales, to inauu'urate a trade between
Canada and the Antipodean parts of the Empire,
but this much may be said that, but for the
opportunity allbrded our manufactureis of show-
ing their productions at these two places, there
is no reason to believe that any prospect of such
a trade would have been opened up. It is, at
all events, a matter of good auii'ury that those
acquainted with agricultural life in the Austra-
lian colonies are confident that not a few of our
Canadian agricultural implements will be found
suitable and saleable in those distant markets-
To the general advantages to be derived by
Canada in this respect, some reference was
made, in his report to the British (toveriiment,
' by Mr. John Coleman, an English gentleman.

'1^

■ s

>*.

ii 'i

'I 'tx,

['■ I

■180

TUTTLK'S IlISTOHY OT TIIK DOMIXIOX OF CAXADA.

of acknowlcdii'cd rcpntiitiou for his knowlodfro
of agTienllural uuicliintTy, and who was ("hair-
niau of th(> Uoard of judyvs in that doparlmoiit
of tho Exhibition. Mr. Coleman said: — "Ureal
credit i.s due to the Canadian Government for
havins? onrouraiied thi-ir somewhat unwilHng
oxhil)itors to oonie Ibrward by the otfer of a
large number of .'special medals, ol different
value, the adjudieation of which was con tided
to the English judges. The very creditable
display of Dominion product.s, in the agricul-
tural department, was due in great measure to
this liberality. AVe cannot doubt that American
trade, and in a lesser degree the Canadian also,
will experience a benelicial stimulus in their
foreign relations from the Centennial Exposi-
tion — a matter of great importance at a time
when' as I'ar as the home trade is c< ncernod,
production has overtaken, and, in many cases,
overrun, demand. Notliing conveys a better
idea of the vastm^ss oi' the country, and its agri-
cultural resources, than thi- fact that enormoiis
manufactures of agricultural machines, amount-
ing in some instances to tens of thousands
annually, have hitherto found a home marki't."

CHAPTER XLIX.

(ioVKIJNMHNT OFTllK EAUL OF DCFFFl^FN—
( A.NADA AT TIIF CMXTI'.NNIAI., {Cnnthiitcl.)

1. Canadian exhiiuts of grains. — 2. Canada

IN THE !'( ).Mt)I/)GICAL H ALL. — 3. Til K DIFFER-
ENT Canadian fruits exhibited. — 4.

Ol'INIoNS OF A.MEI51CAN roMOI/KlISTS ON THE

Canadian exhibit. — 5. The wine exhibit.
— tj. The dairy i'R( )Drc'T.'^ of the Dominion.

TH!C cheese exhibit. — 7. tSui'Ei;iOR QUALITY
and CiUANTITY OF THE CANADIAN CHEESE.

— s. The butter exhibit.— 0. Live stock
depakt.ment. canada's admirable exhibit.
—10. Canadian horses. — 11. Holned cat-
tle.— 1'2. Canadian shfep.— 13. Canadian
SWINE. — 14. Canadian poultry. — 15. The
Canadian medals and the system of their

AWARD. — It), Conclusion of the Judges'
labors and announcement of the awards.
— 17. a thrilmn(j scene. — 18. acknow-
ledciment of the british commissioners'
services to the colonial co.mmissionkrs.
— 1!». Closing cere.monies ok the Exhi-
bition. — 20. Keti'rn of the Canadian
exhibits. — 21. .'^o.ME of the moi.'e import-
ant RESULTS TO C.VNADA OF THE EXHIBITION,

I — 22. "Warm praise of Canadian sei'TIon
OF THE Exhibition.

I 1. — The Canadian exhibit of grains was in an
eminent degree satisfactory, and the qualities of
many of them were pronounced „ ,. , ., ., ..
by good judges to b(> of th(^ very '■'''"'"■■••
highest order. Amongst tho re])resentatives of
different nationaliti(\s at riiiladelphia there was
a friendly exchange, as I'ar as possible, of
specimens of the principal grains of their
respective countries. Canada participated in
the beuelit of this — all tho foreign Com-
missioners, whose countries were exhibitinjj

If products of this class, freely extending to her
their good ofhces whenever these were sought.
Count Hielsky, the Kussian Commissioner, w^as
particularly generous in handing over to tho
agent of the Ontario Government, who merely
wished a specimen, a large quantity of a certain
quality of wheat which v/as supposed to be of
remarkable merit for our climate. Quite a
number of specimens of grains, considered by
good authorities to liecome of particular value
to the farming interest of the Dominion, were
procured in this way. These collections proved
invaluable, not only for the purpos(> of
comparisons, but for experiments as to their
adaptation to our climate, and their compara- \
five value from a commercial standpoint. The !
Ontario Clrov(>rnment was indefatigable in
securing these specimens, which they have
since had chissihed and fitted up in glass cases
that may bo seen in the Parliament buildings
at Toronto, They are there kept in sample
bottles, properly labelled, and form an interest-
ing memorial of the ExhiI)ition, in addition to
their great worth as a collection.

]•: .Irn(ii:s'

K AWARDS.
ACKNOW-

isskinkus'
[issioxicrs.
hi: Exhi-
C'a.vadiax
■K i^ri'oRT-

X^IIIUITIO.V.
N SECTION

was in an
(iialities of

llMllO.\llil)itS of

iitativos of I
there was !
)ssibl(>, of j

of their |
ipated in '
g-u Com- '
>xhibitiii{j
\\g to her
■0 sought,
oiior, was
er to tho
lo merely

a certain
d to be of

Quito a
idered by
liar value
on, were
IS proA'ed
rpose of

to their

onipara-
ut. The

able in
ey have
lass cases
iuihliiigs
1 sample

interest-
ditioii to

f;()VKl!X.Mi:NT OK TIIK EXllL OF Dri'I'KRIX— CANADA AT Tllf': CKXTKNXIAL.

481

2. — In fruit the Dominion of Canada occupied
a place in the Pomolonical Hall very much
r.iri.irhi in ih,. larger than would be her fair

I'.inc.iuiru.ii iimii. share, judging ])y her Li'ooura-
phical proportions and her population, e< spared
with that of the United States. The Canadian
fruit display, which was made by diil'erent
Associations in ( )n1ario, Quebec and Nova Scotia,
and which occupied the whole north side of
the Pomolou'ical Hall, was one of the mo.st
attractive sights hi the Exhibition, and was all
the more creditable to our I'ruil urowers on
account of their having fallen upon a season
exceptioiuilly unfortunate in many res|)ects.
The plum crop, usually so abundant and of
such fine qiiality in different parts of the
Dominion, had, from a variety of causes, been
to a great extent destroyed ; the pear crop
was unusually light: and the extreme heat and
droirght, which were universal — the 'heated
term" especially having been of A'cry long
duration— had very seriously alfected the a]iiile
crop in all parts of the country. Notwith-
standing these serious drawbaks, however, the
Associations of fruit growers in the different
Provinces set to work with the most laudable
determination to secure a creditable represen-
tation of the fruit products of the Dominion ;
the obstacles in their path only served to make
them redoubU' their exertions, and the result
was a display that was in the highest degree
creditable to them, and that secured universal
praise and adiniratian. The fruit was sent to
I'hilidelphia at diH'event times as it ripened, but
it was not till the month ot September that
there was anything like a full or complete
representation from the Dominion. In that
month, and for a considerable period extending
into the month of October, the Exhibition was
at its best, and, excepting in grapes, in the
growth of which California far exceeds any
other part of the North American continent,
there was nothing in the Pomological Hall to I
excite the envy of Canada, while in some other :
varieties of I'ruitshe stood iinri vailed. As an
evidence of this we may state that, on the 14th
of October, theday when the Exhibition in the

Pomological Hall was closed, our display
remained substantially the same, new samples
having taken the places of thos(> which perished,
as far as practicable ; and after that a choice
selection of our fruits was placed on exhil)ition
in the Agricxiltural I'uilding, where it remained
for examination until the dose of the Exhil)ition
in the month of November I'ollowinii'. The
statistics of the attendance of visitors shows that
Pomological Hall was a very attractive place of
resort and, if the generous testimony of the
American press, and the opinions of unpre-
judiced visitors, competent to form a just
estimate, from all parts of the United States, are
of any value, the Dominion exhibit was the
most instructive and compn-hensive of all those
shown at the Exposition.

■■]. — Notwith.standing the luifortunate failure
of our plum crop, to which allusion has been

made, our collection of i)lums ^^^^ ,1^,,..,.,.,,, ,,^

was the larsivst and most com- 'li'" '""'^'"hihiteci.
plete of any ; indeed the whole display of plums
from all quarters of the United States, gathered
into one, did not equal in merit that from the
Province of Ontario alone. In apples, \ve had
to contend with the products of the virgin soils
and brighter suns of tht> South Western States ;
and thoixgh at the middle of September, by rea-
son ot our more northern climate, our winter
apples were not so fully developed, nor as
highly coloured, yet in variety, value and com-
pletoness, our collection was never once sur-
passed ; and as the season advanced, and the
middle of Octolier drew on, our display of
apples stood confesst'dly at the head, both for
beauty of specimens and intrinsic worth. In
pears and peaches we were excelled by but very
few collections, notwithstanding the fact alrt>ady
mentioned that the season proved ver\ unfavor-
able to these fruits, and the further fact that
but a portion of our country is adapted to the
growing of many varieties of peaches or pears.
Our disi)lay of grapes was also the most com-
plete of any. We could not, in open air culture,
equal, as has been stated, the grapes from Cali-
fornia, but with that exception, our specimens
were as fine in appearance as those shown from

IT:

:1'

o.i

.<?

<i*

4«2

tuttlf;s histoTv'v ok the do.mixiox of Canada.

cliniat(^s supj)osed to bo mort' lavon'd than our
own. No Stato in tho Union displayod as full
and cxliaustivo a eollootion of hardy, ont-door
varieties of grayx's. It iniiy ho ri'iuarkod, how-
over, that the Californian grapes were all from
European sources, Avhile it was undt>rstood that
most of those grown on the eastern side of the
Rocky Mountains are derived from indigenous
vinos. The Californian fruits, as a whole, were
much larger than those from the Dominion, or
indeed from any other place, but they lost in
Jlavor the advantage whieh they might })e sup-
posed to have in size. A remark somewhat
similar ai)plies with truth to one or two of the
Western States, but in general the a]iple,s, pears
and phims of Canada were equal, even in
appearance and size, to those of the United
States, to say nothing of their uniform superior-
ity in llavor. The Canadian exhibit altogether,
was a subject of astonishment to thousands of
visitors who had evidently no idea that such
fruit could be grown in this country.

4. — A distinuuished Ann^rican Pomologist who
wrote an exhaustive crilique on the display in
romologicai Hall, closed his
paper, which was published at
the time, with the remark that
"Decidedly the best show, taking into con.si-
deration variety, quality, number and taste, is
that from the Dominion of Canada." Another
equally high authority, writing in the New
York Gra/ihir, referred to the Canadian exhibit
in the following terms: '• Probably the finest
show of various fruits is made by the Fruit
Growers" Associations, of Canada. It Avould be
impossil)It> to do justice to tiie entire collection.
As a representative collection it could not be
surpassed, and the arrangement and (.'lassifica-
tion reflect much credit on the officers of the
associations. It must be doubly gratifying to
them that this very beautiful display of Cana-
dian fruits attracts such universal attention.
Their exhibit has contributed much to the
beauty and attractiveness of the Pomological
department, and they are to be corigratulated
upon the fruit-producing capabilities of their
soil and climate, and the taste and enterprise of

Opiiiii'ii.- of
Aiiiorii'iin
Pumolofjisr.-; (Ill tho
Cannilinn Exhiliit.

their fruit-growers." There is abundance of
similar testimony from various sources, but all
by our most formidable competitors themselves,
in favour of the excellence of the Canadian
exhibit — a generous acknowledgment that, at
the Centennial Exhibition, Canada took the
lead in the extent of her exhibit, and the
variety, quality and flavour of her fruit. Our
display in this department was valuable in
many respects. It did much to enlighten the
people of other lands, and even many thousands
of our American neighbours, in regard to the
true character of the productions of Canada.
It served to dissipate a very prevalent impres-
sion that we dwell in a cold, frozen and inhos-
pitable region of the great American Continent —
one where the tiller of the soil may hope,
during the short summer, to be able to wrest
from the ungenerous earth scarcely enough to
maintain life during the long, dark, dreary
winter, but where he may never hopt; to taste,
much less to rais'^ for exportation, the lusciovis
fruits of temperate climes. In the Pomological
Hall, at the Philidelphia Expositici, Canada did
more to break down unfoundet; prejudices,
and to disseminate throughout the world
correct information, in regard to the true
nature of our climate and soil, and the excel-
lence and beauty of its productions, than woiild
have bei'U done by an army of emigration
agents, or by a whole circulating libr.ary of infor-
mation on the climatology and productions of
the country.

5. — Closely related, in some respects, to the
fruit exhibit was that of wine, an article which,
of all tho.se shown at Philadel-
l)hia, was perhaps the most
largely exhibited, as to the number of specimens,
and variety of descrijition, and as to the number
of nationalities which sent this kind of mer-
chandise. There was scarcely a country repre-
sented that did not send its contribution, and
Canada was by no means backward in entering
the lists of competition with the famous vine
growing districts of the old world. In this
articl(> she plone had ten or twelve varieties.
Some of them exciti'd very gratifying surprise

I'hi; Wine lixliiliit.

inc k;.\hil)it.

CtOVKliXMENT OF THE EMU. OF DU FFEEIX— CANADA AT THE CKNTHNNIAL.

i8:$

on the part ot'compot«'iit European and Anierkan
judtyi's, and wore pronounced by thoin to be
(superior as vins on/innires. The Wine Growers
Association of Ontario were prominent exhibitors
in this department, and their brandies were
specially commended.

(J. — We have before referred to the assistance

rendered the dairymen of the Doraiiuon, by

the Canadian Government, in

The iliiiry j.-uilnct." ,. i , . i' ,

..I the Doiriniui,. sumiountuig whut at hrst ap-

The chc«s« exhibit. ^ i ^ ^ r • i i i i , i

peared to be a lormiclable obstacle
in the way of their obtainini;- a proper display of
Canadian dairy products. To the dairymen
themselves, however, belonijs the principal
credit of achieving at Philadelphia an unprece-
dented success in their exhibition of this growing
branch of Canadian industry. They entered
into competition with the dairymen of the
United States and other countries, with the
greatest zeal and determiiuition. and the result
was, as we shall see, to crown their exertions
with the highest honors of the Exhibition. The
display of the whole dairy products shown at
Philadelphia was made in a building on the
grounds specially erected for the purpose. It
was a model butter and cheese factory with
ample room for display, and for a complete
outtit of apparatus, and was built at a cost of
ten thousand dollars. This sum was raised by
the United States" dairymen by private sub-
scription in several of the laru'o States of the
Union, and also by legislative aid. The Cana-
dian Government contril)Uted two thousai-d
dollars. Exhibits ol cheese were sent from
Ontario — this department being solely in charge
of the Ontario Dairymens' Association — and from
different parts of the United States at intervals,
from the month of July to the month of October
inclusive. No difficulty whatever was exper-
ienced in securing exhibits IVoni our own
dairymen ; they contributed month after month
from their best stock, and thus ke]>t up the
excitement which Canada created among the
dairymen of other countries. The associations
in the United States showed far less alacrity,
and, even after the building was erected, special
exertion had to be made by the Bureau of Agri-

culture of the Exhibition to secure a fair
representation from the United States. Thisyave
a certain stimulus to the Anu'rican associations,
yet they did not altogether exliibit so large a
quantity of cheese as our Canadian^ dairymen.
7. — The number of United States' exhibits
was only one hundred and lifty-one : tlie Cana-
dian exhibits nitmbered one hun-
dreu and ninety-nve, whilst three quimiiiy oi tho

_,,. JIT 1 Ciiiuuliiiu I'liei^ie.

v> estern Lai;adian towns alone
shipjied to the Exhibition nearly thirty percent,
more cheese than was shown by all of the
United States asso<iations put together. The
total qitantity exhibited in the dairy house was
two thousand and eighty-six packages, weigh-
ing fifty-live and a half tons. Of these there
were from the United States one thousand and
twelve packages, weighing ovt>r twenty-six
tons, while from Canada there were one thou-
sand and three packages weighins- over twenty-
nine tons. Other countries contributed sixty-
five packages estimated at five hundred pounds.
The statistics of the Dairy House prove also
1 beyond question that our averaue monthly ex-
'■ hibits were greater in quantity than those of
! our neighbours. There was not a single month
during the Exhibition, that cheese wa» not sent
j from Canada to keep up the di.splay, and, from
I first to last, it was universally conceded to be
' very excellent ; at no time did it appear at a
disadvantage, but the foremost position secured
for Canadian cheese at the opening of the Ex-
I hibition was successfully held until its close.
The result was that Canada shone out better in
' the dairy department than in any other of the
i great agricultural departments of the Exhibi-
tion, splendidly leading in this branch of agri-
culture the comi)etition of the world. In this
competition it should be remembered that the
. United States exhibitors had a decided advan-
tage. They representi'd some of the largest and
best cheese factories in existence, and their ex-
perience was much greater in every way than
that of our ov. n dairymen. Notwithstanding
this, the highest point of merit they obtained
was ninety-six, whilst the highest jioint obtained
by Canada was one htmdred — a result which

» '■.

% '1

t.i

ill! 'j

ii'ii

1 1>

484

TUTTLMS HISTORY OF TITO HOfflNIOX OK CANADA.

'I'lio butter cvliiljit.

shows ii i)ron()unr(>(l victory lor the dairyun'uor
this oountry. If any other evidence ol' the
suixM-ior cut'riiy and skill ol" onr peoi>le in ihis
di'p.'irtiruMit were Avantina,-, it is to ho found in
the oflicial n-ports of disting'ui.shod Anicriiivn
dairymen, \vho wore voiyoordial in their praise
of the Canadian exhibit, and in the larne nnmbor
of prizes awarded to Canadians hy the Centen-
nial judges, who were w ith one single exception,
American citizens who honorably disihari>(>d
their duty without partiality. One hundred
awards were reeonnnended in this branch of
dairy products, and of these forty-Jive were for
the Unitv'd States, forty-nine for Canada, and the
remainder for other countries. Canada thus
gained the highest avA'ard of merit for cheese
given in the competition with the whole world,
and this, too, at the kirgost International Exhi-
l)ition that has ever been held.

8. — The display of butter was much smaller
altogether than that of cheese. The United
States and Canada were of course
the principal exhibitors, but
Portugal, the Aruentine Uepublic, Brazil, the
N(>thcrlauds, Germany, Italy, and Denmark were
also represented. Our own exhibit was com-
paratively speaking small, reaching only to some
seventeen hundred pounds out of nine thousand
one hundred and lifty pounds from all other
countries; but, in proportion to their uiimber,
the prizes taken by Canadian butter makers
were very numerous. There were one hundred
and twenty-three exhil)its from the United Stales,
to which twenty-three prizes were awarded, and
sixteen from Canada which obtained five i)rizes.
The oflicial reports of the judges of the Centen-
nial dairy show, were almost iinanimous in
conveying two valuable inferences or lessons in
regard to this part of the Exhibtion. One was
that the long keeping of the fresh bvrtler ex-
hibited seemed to prove that salt does not
preserve butter, but that the keeping quality in
butter depends more on the milk than on the
salt used in its manufacture. The other le,sson
w^as in regard to the relative superiority of
I'actory and creamery butter as compared with
dairy butter. The former was generally re-

garded as inferior to the latter, but it was a
remarka])le fact that, at the June and October I
displays at Philadelphia, i he most perfect Jlavor i
and the indications of ihe longest keeping
quality were found in the l)utter of factory '
make, The samples there shown have thus
evidenced an important and striking advance in
this l)ranch of the dairy interests.

!•. — Of all the departments, however, of this
great international comj^etilion in which Canada
most excelled was that of live u,,, .,,,,.1^
stock. We have l>elore reH.rred lES;:;i,„ir,.Me
to the rule which the Canadian "'"'"'■
Commission felt obliged to adopt with respect
to this class of Canadian inodiicts, and which
was dilierent from that applied to other exhibits,
viz. : of throwing all risk or damage upon the
owners. This rule, as we have said, contracted
the number of exhibitors in this deparment, but,
as the result proved, it did not prment the
hearty co-operation of a large number of Cana-
dian stock breeders in carrying out one of the
great objects aimed at — of making Canada
famous as a cattle breeding country, and thus
advaiu'ing, to an incalculable degree, the repu-
tation of our agriculturists. Tbe spirit of
(>mulation shown by them was an honoirr to
the Dominion, and is worthy of the highest
praise. At great risk, and without a chance of
pro lit, they at once decided to send their most
valuable animals to Philadelphia, and they
succeeded, even beyond the most sanguine ex-
p( tations, in receiving awards, and showing,
at the Worlds Fair of 187<i, that their coimtry is
capable of raising horses aiul cattle ocjual, and
in some respects superior, to those which were
exhibited from other and older countries.

10. — The horses were sent to Philadelphia
in the latt(>r part of August, the cattle in Sep-
tember, and the sheep and swine
in October. About one-third of
all the horses exliibited came from Canada, and.
out of sixty-eight shown by her, iifty-two carried
oir prizes. A considerable number of these
were sold to American and other foreign pur-
chase-s, and realized very large prices. There
is no country that excels our own in agricultural {

Ciiniiiliun hursu

(loVKIJNMHNT OF TIlli) lv\l{l, oF Dl FFFIMN--(\\.\A DA AT TIIK ("FNTKNNI AL.

4.^5

llnnii'il c.idli'

hordes fit her I'ov general Nyinmctry, Ktrentilh, or
action, and, of nil tho classes on iho grounds,
this was dtM'idedly tln' ])est — niniriy every (."aaa-
dian anrieiiltural horse that was exhibited beini>'
awitrded an Tiiternaln nal niethil. Our wliole
exliibit ol' horses was hiiilily creditable. The
animals were universally admired, and caused
niuoh discussion as to their excellence — a cir-
cumstiince which drew nttention to the remark-
able I'act, that some of the i)est horses sliown by
the United States' exhibitors were raised and
purchased in this country.

11. — In horned cattle, although the ('auiidian
animals did not bear so large a proi)ortion to
those of the United States as in
horses, yet all the various l>reeds
were reiire.sented, and a large number ol' i)rizes
were take'i relatively to the number ofaninuds.
The number of exhibits was seventy-two, and
the numbe.- of International prizes thirty-three.
The proposals of the Am^'rican Commissioners
emlmuod the otter of sweepstake i)rizes for the
best bull and the best I'ow on the grounds.
There is little doubt, we think, from the most
reliable information that can be obtained, that
had those sweepstakes })een given, the prize
for the best bull must have been adjudged to a
Canadian, even if Canada had not also carried
off that for the best cow, of which there was
also a very fivourable prospect. The judges,
however, declined to make this award, and,
althongh a remonstrance was addressed to the
American authorities on the subject, and an
express order was in consequence issued to the
judges to determine the sweepstakes, it was
afterwards discovered that tht'y had left the
city without doing so. This was the only
instance on record, so far as Canada was con-
cerned, m which any thing like an unworthy
jealousy was apparent in recommending the j
International awards, but, if there was such a
feeling, ii was conllned exclusively to the judges
in that chvss, and was disapproved of by the
Exiiibition authorities; indeed, it is a suhjeet
oi congratulation that, in a task so extensive as
that of adjudication on the merits of so
vast an assemblage of valuable articles, causes

of fair complaint were not more numerous.

12. — The Ciinadian shtiep shown were of the
long or medium-wooled varieties, and coiapiired
favouraldy with the other Can-
adian annuals. Ihe American
exhi})it in this class consisted of seventy-two
sheep; ab<mt forty of that number were bred
in the United States, and of these few were
considered by the judges as deservinu' of notice,
and none worthy of prizes. The rest had ))een
recently imported from Enuland. These latter
ol)tained twenty-one awards, and the first prize
in the inter-States competition. The position
which our Canadian stock occujued was so
superi(n' that, Imt for the importations of a
famous English agriculturist, Caiuida would
have swept everythinu' l)efore her in the breeds
which she cultivated. As it was. however, she
2'ained a large number of International medals,
and, in the lonii-wooled varieties, carried oil' the
sweepstakes award as against EuLiland and the
United States. Of the breeds ciiltivated in
Canada., the whole number of representative
animals brouiiht under the notice of the
Centennial judges was one hundred and
seventy-live. Of these Canada showed lifty-six.
consisting of Lincolns, Leicestei's, CoNwolds
and Southdowns. l"or these she received twenty-
four awards, besides the two swee]istake |)rizes
already mentioned, and the Inter-States award
for the best flock of six ewes and one ram of
the long-wooled l)reed. England was repre-
sented by forty-seven sheep all from first-class
breeds. She took thirty-live prizes, and one
sweepstake prize for the best ram of any age of
the middle-wool breeds.

18. — In swine the Dominion was well rei)re-
sented. The number of urown animals shown
was twenty-seven — some of them
accompanied by litters. Twenty-
nine prizes were awarded — some of the animals
taking more than one prize, while the Canadian
swine also carritd off the sweepstakes, and were
thus successful in the competition against the
world. The animals that were sold realized
more than double the price at which they were
valued in Canada.

C.iniifliiU) .>wine.

' ''!

114

iS(i

Tl'TTLKS IIISTOIIV orTIlK DO.MIN'loN oF CANA l»,\.

('llll:l>l).lll |»>ul

14. — Tlic CiiiiiMliiin poultry exhibit wax also
very crcililuMi'. \\ liili- some Idccils ol' fowls

IVnlu tlu' l]llitr(l Stales Wflf

lit'iicrally .supposed lo lie supe-
rior lo llioM' IVoMi Canada, in several others it
WiLs as Livuerally admitted tiial Ciuuidiau Ibwls
held the lirst rank. LarLic iiuuihorMor Auierieau
visitors, aiul sevral of the leadiiiu' journals of
the countiy, freely aiknowledued liial the
Canadian exhibit contained a greater average of
really lirsl class stock than tlieir own. So far as
nundters were ronrerned. Canada took the lead
of any siniile State. The .\nieriran fanciers ex-
celled chiclly in the lary-er, and the Canadian in
the snuiller, breeds. ' No sweepstake prize was
given for [uiullry, and consoijuently the Cana-
dian birds did not come into direct competition
with the world. This is to be regretted as, in
the opinion of competent judges, there is little
doubt we could have taken every prize in nuiny
varieties, and stood well in the rest. As it was,
the choice of the Canadian exhibits had been
very carefully made, and a lari:e share of the
honours tell lo their lot. The medal was the
same for all awards; but the judges distin-
giushed three classes of merit, and we are thus
able to arrive at the relative excellence of the
two di.;iplays. Out of one hundred and thirty-
three Canadian exhibits, not inchuliiui' pigeons
— in which ihe Ai;iericans swept all before
them — one hundred and twenty-nine received
the highest mark of nu^rit, while tiie I'nited
States" exhi])ilors had only two hundred and
twenty-two highest marks out of four huiulred
and thirty-four. Filty-one prizes were obtained
for Canadian poultry, and each prize was for an
exhibit comprising more than one bird.

15. — Keference has been made to the induce-
ments, in the way of prize medals, which ^vere
oli'cred by the Canadian Com-
iin(itiif->stcinui mi.ssion to exhibitors Ironi Cana-

tliuii-.iw;ir,l.

da. Ihe liberali-ty oi our
Government in this respect had an important
eiiect in stimulating competition amongst our
own people, and it is proper that some account
should be given of the manner in which these
medals were distributed. The prize medal

scheme, which w as very suceesst'nl in its results
oriiiinati'd with the Dominion Commissioners, '
w!'", with the sanction of llieir (iovernment,
olii'rec' iiold, siht'r and bronze medals to their ,
own exhibitors, and promisetl that these should
be awarded, under certain speeilied conditions, I
by foreign judu'cs. in carry out this

design they sought the ,..(. ...id co-operation of
the Mritish Commissioin-rs, Colonel Herbert
Saiidford, l».A., and Professor Archer, F.K.S.,
wlio were asked to nominate Etuilish judges for
the jiurpose. The .seheme which was submitted
to these two gentlemen, and which was sub-
stantially approv<'d of by them, was this : The ,
articles exhibited in the Canadian section, w ith i
the exception at lirst of li\e stock, dairy pro- ,
drxcts, new fruits, and fermented and distilled
li(luors, were divided into .several classes, in-
cluding (nu* for unenunierated articles. A Judge
was asked for each class, and he was rec^uested
to name the jx'rsons to whom a deiinite number
of l)ronze and silver medals should l)e awarded.
Each judge was further re<juested to distinguish
amongst the persons to whom silver medals were
awarded any whom he thought deserving of
one of the numlter of gold medal: which were
limited to Jive — those receiving the gold medals
to abandon the silver ones. Early in June a
meeting was held at St. Georuc's House to con-
sider the rcijuest of the Canadian Commission
and at this meeting, which was attended by the
Ib'itish and Canadian Commi.s.sioners, and by
all the British judges, a ready resi)onse was
givt'ii to the ])roposal, w hich was accepted with
ardent manifestations of pleasure by those to
whom it was addressed. In awarding these

medals the judges were lioverned by considera- i
tions of the skill and ingenuity exhibited in the [
manufac*ure or production of the articles sub- I
mitted to them, and of their value and
importance in the arts of life. To avoid failure
on the score of lil)erality, the judges were
authorized to increase the number of medals in
any class, if they believed that the merits of the i
av'icles shown Justified such addition. The
above scheme applied at first only to such
articles as formed a portion of the permanent

(loVKI.'NMKNT OK TIIK KAIiL <»l' DI'FKKIMN— C'ANAhA AT TIIK ( KNTKNNI AI,

4H7

Caiijidiiin cxIiiMts 'hiouuhoiil the l']xlii)>itii>n
.sciiKon. It was siil>.s('(|iit'iitly iiiiidi' to finl»ra<x'
oilier products in the Cauadiau section, such as
Hie stock, dairy prodiic-e, wines, malt liquors,
&c.,— flu- medals in the live Htock department
heinu- awarded in like manner \>y Centennial
JudL'os I'rom lingland. All tlieso gentlemen
were re((uesled, whenever they miu:ht deem it
necessary to associate themselves with experts,
and this request was I'reely acted upon. The
great hody ol' Canadian exhibitors owe many
thanks toihe Knulish jiulges lor the great pains
and care with whii'h they extircised the charLie
committed to them — a charge which they
accepted with great cheerl'ulness, and carried
out with the most conscientious desire to do
justice to all who were in any way interested
in the results ol' their labors. The total number
oi' Canadian medals thus awanh'd was lour
hundred and eighty-seven, which inchuled
thirteen gold, ime hundred and seventy-lbur
silver, and two hundred and thirty bronze
medals. There w'ero besides these, live hoiior-
abh^ mentions in sixteen classes, and in the live
stock department. So I'ar as the International
competition was concerned, wo may state that
in manuliictures and machinery of all kinds,
including books and educational appliances,
models of vessels, musical instruments, railway
plants, &c., Canada obtained one hundred and
seventy prizes. The total number of Interna-
tional medals taken by Canadian exhibitors was
live hundred and sixty-four, which shows a
larii'e percentaue upon Canadian exhibits, as
compared with the percentage of prizes on the
aggregate of the world's exhibits, at thi.s great
luteruatioiuil Exhibition.

10. — The year 1871! will belong remembered
for the extreme heat of the summer months ;
,, , . ,. ,,„ the ''heated term" was one of

(voncluflion of the

iullMmiiiemcLt;,'"''' the most sevcrc ever experienced
the .wanis. ■ j^ ^^^ Uuitod States. The labours

of the Centennial judges, which required great
and constant attention, both physical and
mental, were ( arried on unremittingly during
the whole summer, bxit they were amply
rewarded when, at the completion of their

arduous duties, tlie Ceiilcnnial Commission
revised their reports, tind announced, with
considerable ceremony, tlm number of awards ]
granted to each competiuL;' nation The ( ere- [
numy of the announcement of the awards look
place in the judues' hall, on the evening of the j
L'7th of September, in the presen< f of ti Itirge
find select assemblage. Upon the platform
were the American luilhorities of the exhibi-
tion, and .some of the most distinuuishcd men
from all parts of the United Slates. The body
of the hall was lilled by the ollicial rejircsenta-
tives of all nations, some of them in brilliant
j uniforms, and with numerous stai's tmd orders
I glittering upon their breasis. The 'jalleries
I were thronged wilh a galaxy of Itidies from all
parts of th(! world, superbly dre.s.sed, and
animated with the enthusiasm of the (MCiision,
I which was made, if anything, more inspiriting
t by all the iiccessovies of magniliceni music.
Senator Mctrrill i)resided, and ehxjucnt speeches
were delivered by a number of American gentle-
men present.

17. — The great scene of the evening, however,
occurred dixrinu' the distribution of the various
national awards. Beginning with

, , ,. ., ,,'j .' , .\ thrilliriu' -ri..|ic.

the Argentine ( onlederation, the
liist oi Nations was called, and, as I he repre-
sentatives of each st(>pped forward to receive
the roll of his country, the aiidience took
advantati'e of his appearance to uive compli-
mentary applause. This was very hetirty
indeed in honor of Brazil, .Tapan, Russia,
France, Austria and (rermany; but when Col.
Sandford, the English Commissioner, who ap-
peared in the rich uniform of blue and gold of
the British artillery service, was called I'orward
to receive the roll for the United Kinudorns of
Great Britain and Ireland, there was a roar of
applause, followed by shout after shout, the
entire audience rising to their leet in honour of
Old England. The elfect was electric, and after
the Commissioner, bowing to the audience, had
retired, the audience took up the theme again,
and, with a second demonstration as hearty as
the first, called him out a second time. It was
some minutes ]>eibre the audience became suffi-

■'*»>

l\ !l|

!-■<

Tl'TTrJrs IllSTOliY (»!•' TIFK KOMIMOX nK C.WADA.

I'ii'ntly rjiiict lor thi' ceremony ♦<> proceed, iiml

then till' loll of the llritisll Culnllies WHS c;ille<l,

the ,siMci;il coillpliliiellt Iteiliy iii\ell of (iillinir

, eiirll I'.iilish colollV sepilMltel v — all honour not

! <loi:o ill tlie ease oj any other lountry. Ivu h
1 Colonial CoiiimisNioner was reieived with
I wiinuth, which, in the case ol' Caiiada, was
' particularly hearty, the applause risinn' almost
to eiithusiaMU. and heiiiii' loiii'-coiitiiiui'd, as the
I lion. Senator rciiiiy. the Senior Commissioner
I i'or Canada, stepped iVoiii his ])lace in the liril-
liaiit thvoiiii' to the rnnit ol' the phit I'oriii. and
recoivod IVom the hands of (ieiieral llawley
the exceptionally hoiioiahle record of the Donii-
iiion of Canada, The scene on this occasion, in
the iudii'es' hall oi the Thiladelphia Kxposition,
was a true imlcx of the spontaneous feolinus of
tlie .\iiieii<an people. The I'ilorts made hy the
Mother country and her colonies to enrich the
exhiliition in every one of its depart inonts, and
the coiispicU(ms part which they took in thi'
whole Centennial celebration, atl'orded strikini;
evidence of the deep sympathy which they felt
in the prouTCs.s, social, moral and iiidustrial, of
the United States. It produced the liveliest
satisfaction in all parts of the poweriul liepuhlic
whoso pe(>i)lc were there commemorating the
iireatest event in their national history ; it
tended to cement mere closely the ties oi
friendship and brotherhood, and was appre-
cia*ed and hailed with an enthusiasm which,
we are bound to Ixdieve. was the natural,
heartfelt promptings of the national heart.

18. — From the opening of the Exhibition to its
close, the official representatives of Canada and
.\rkn..«ioi.'cim'iit ..r the other British colonic were
(■..mmis^'oiHT'^ constantly bronuht in contaci.

n'iai cumini^.''i"M!V.<. with the official representatives
of the 'lother Country, who were unceasing in
their eiivleavoursto I'ender them all the assistance
in their power. These si'rvices, it was felt, re-
quired some acknowledgme}it however formal,
and, in addition to a comi>limentary banquet
which was tendered the British Commissioners
and uiven in their honor, a letter of thanks was
1 addressed by the Colonial Commi.ssioners to the
I Karl of Carnarvon, the then Colonial Secretary

ill the Imperial (Jovernment, in which thei
sense of tho.se services Was a|)propriately ex-
pressed. Ill Ibis letter, which was signed by
the diilcreiit Colonial Commissioners headed by
those IVoin Canada, the wiilcrs say: " \Ve
desire, before scparatiim'. to convey to your
Lordsliip our sense of indcblcdiiess for many
courtesies, and much valuable aid, rcct'ived
from the Uritish Executive, and from thi'ir

I Secretary and stall' throuuhout the performance
of our duties. The attention so shown to us
has both liuilitaled our independent a<tion. and
well sustained that periect unanimity which so
hajipily prevails in every portion of . ler Ma-
j(>sty's dominions, and has thereby enabled us
littinuly to manifest in this city, to the people
of this country, and to its multituilcs of I'oreig.i
visitors, that, whatever may have happened one
hundred years ayo, the riiilcd Kingilom and

, the Colonies are now lirmly joined in the (do.se8t
bonds of friendship.' In his reply, which was
conveyed through the tlovernors of the dill'erent
colonies, the j']arl of Carnarvon, after expressing
the great pleasure which the commuicalion had
given himself and those to whom it particularly
relerred, adds: "This letter has alforded the

i hiu e;->t satisfaction to Her Majesty's Crovernment,
and I am charu'edto express their warm apprecia-
tion of the valuable labours of the Colonial
Commissioners, which have so essentially con.
tributed to the worthy representation of the
British Empire at thi' Exhibition."

r.». — The closing ceremonies of the Exhibition
took place, as oris'inally intended, on the tenth
of November. There was no ,.|„si„,,or,.„..„i...
diminution in the crowds of "' ""^ '••^'"'""""■
visitors up to the end. but the authorities re-

! sisted the natural temptation to keep the
Exhibition open a few <lays longer, as it would

, have been dilFicult to have carried out any such
arrangement, in the case of any of the nationa-
lities, with due regard to the return of their
various exhibits before the winter weather set

, in. On the evening previoiis to the closing of

' the Exhibition, a grand banquet was niven by
the Centennial Commission to the various

j, Foreign Commissioners, and several hundred

X"'

hich llitM-
liiitcly ex-
si^iifd by
ht'iuli'd by
ly : " Wf
Y in your
lor luiiny
, ri'foived
Voin thi'ir
vroniiiiiict'

iWll lo UN

Ktioii, iiiul
w liirh so
[or Ma-
iiiibltul lis
hf pcoph*
)!' I'oi'cigj
>tiii'd one
;ili)iii :iud i
ho clo.st'st j
i^hich wais J
! dilli'reiit
spressino' i
ill ion had
rticularly
nb'd the
ermiicnt,
iipprt'cia-
C'olouial
ally con.
II o{' the
!
chibition
he tonth

•oriMii. lilies
'Xiiibitioii.

ritios rc-
t^cp the
t would
my such
natioiui-
ol' their
thor set
osing of
ivi'u by
various
lUJidred

€.

^>'

'I.

<'i

f [

I I

.1 1>V

■lii] I'lum (!u'!t.

-> siliiWH to u-

, . ;;*i!ti ;u'tl.oil, a)l«l

lifV wlii'-li '^O

•m

M JM Ml ill'.'-
r>M-> ''ll^ .'rpi-

Ut.-.i =

.! i-u

, III a ••
;r hiouv

;. i| ;i> lill ' ■ •.' i'l'K'i.l I'l:

::i {he i:aSf </'' in>\ of ^)l
u (.liu> rouard lo th*' i' tu''
■ /-^ befor" tht* wiiit. r \' ••...Ii.t

I, ;i v'rsii' ^ w jv, nil . I;

I ' .miH.-tou U)

. ii,->sh:;i.'rs Hud ■'

I ' ,;.

||l . i:.

in i

ENGRAVtO EXPRESSLY fOR" rUTTUS HISTORr Or THE DOMINION

IH[ BURIAND DESBAfiMS l,1H0 tOMP-

'*ij!:|

w
ai:
Pl

eii

m
ill
w
ol
fc
o1
o:
o
C
li
G
r
ii
e

GOVKHN.MKNT OF Till-: KARL OF DUFFEIUX— CANADA AT TlIF CHNTFNNIAL.

48!l

distinguished guests I'lom all parts of the world.
General Ha\vloy, the President of the Com-
mission, presided, and, on giving the toast,
"The United Kingdom oi' Gr(>at Briatin and
Ireland and Iler Colonies," made some most
flatterings allusions to the assistance that had
been given to the Exhiliition by the great
interest whieh had been taken in it by British
exhibitors from all quarters of the globe. Sir
Edward Thornton, the British Ambassador, who
was present, remarks in his despatch to the
British Government on tlie subject: " The toast
was received by all who were present with
an enthusiasm such as I have never seen dis-
played during ray residence in this country,
and every time mention was made either of
Her Majesty, or of the British nation, it elicited
overwhelming ai)plause ; indeed the United
States' Commission unhesitatingly admit that
much of tin' success of the Exhibition was due
to the assistance and. lountenance given to the
enterprise by Her Majesty's Government, and
the British exhibitors from the United Kingdom,
and from her colonies." On the following day
the Exhibition was formally closed by the
President of the United States. Owing to the
unfavourable state of the weather the cere-
monies, instead of being conducted as intended
in the open air, took place in the judges' hall,
where, in addition to the President, the members
of his Cabinet and of the diplomatic body, the
foreign Commissioners, and a large assembly of
other officials were present. A military guard
of honor was provided, on this as on oiher State
occasions, by the First Troop of the Philidelphia
City Cavalry, a corps which was raised one
hundred and live years ago, which formed
General Washington's body guard in the great
revolutionary war, and which has maintained
its organization, full num])ers, and equipment
ever since its formation.

20. — Immediately after the close of the Exhi-
bition the work of dismantling, packing and
despatching was pushed forward
with the greatest possil>le vigour.
Notwithstanding this, however, considerable
delays occurred in returning the Canadian

Return of the
Caniiiliaii cxIiibitK

.')9

exhibits from Philadelphia. These were laused
mainly by the obstacles which were thrown in
the way of repacking and shipping by the rules
of the United Stati's Customs Department.
Although the Exhibition closed, as we have said,
on the tenth of November, it was the twenty-
second of the month before any of the exhibitors
were allowed to dispose of their goods for ship-
ment, and, after they had 1>egun to do so, many
dilliculties occurred at each stage of the process
up to the actual point of reshipping. The con-
sequence was that the Canadian department
was not closed till the •29th of Docembei', by
which date everything might have been at
home had the obstriictions referred to not inter-
vened. As it was, however, on the first of
January following, when every Canadiun puck-
age had left for its destination, fully two-thirds
of the British goods remained, and several of
the other foreign countries had hardly com-
menced shipping, so that Canada, who, at the
opening of the Exhibition, was one of the
farthest advanced in her preparations, was the
first of all the assembled nations to close her
department in Philadelphia.

21. — The grand results to the Dominion of
the honourable and ('onspicuous part which she
played in this first American
International exhibition can
scarcely be over-estimated. How-
ever much or little her people have as yet experi-
enced of the material benefits other splendid dis-
play and competition, on an occasion that will
always be memorable in her history, the moral
effect of her patriotic exertions, and the success
with which they were crowned, cannot be
gainsaid. Taken throughout, there can be no
doubt that the Exhibition at Philadelphia has
had the effect of enhancing the feelings of self-
respect and patriotism of many thousands of
Canadians who visited it, and who saw that,
except in some special classes of productions
sometimes depending wholly upon the climate,
or other accidental circumstances, Canadian
industries were in no respect beliind those so
much vaunted in the United Sttites. They had
reason, indeed, to believe that, while they

^miw of the inoro
inu'iTliiijI rr^iilts t(i
(;mii.'i.|:i nf tlie
Kxliihitiuii.

i|!f|

'!'f

4!)0

TUTTLK'S IIISTOKY OF THE DOMTXIOX OF CANADA.

produced avticlos of as i^Toat excollonce, they
produicd them at lower prices than their rivals,
and that nothing prevented a valuable trade in
many anieles between the two countries except
the excessively hisrh American tariff. At the
same time, the Exhibition has atlbrded proof
that the demand ibr useful articles is not limited
to a single nation, and has given cause to hope
that, if our i)rodiXLls are debarred from a par-
ticular market, they may nevertheless find a
ready sale in other parts of the world. Nothing
could be more encoiiraging than the manror in
which mai: ,' of oiir manufactures were sought
by our fellow-suojects at the Antipodes, and we
may hope that other nations have already been
found, or will be found hereafter to ))e, not
insensible to the possibilities of profitable
Canadian trade. In many visitors to the
Exhibition, not belonging to the British empire,
the display made l>y Canada excited, not
only lively interest, but great astonishment.
Canadians were repeatedly assured, as well ]>y
the citizens of the United States, as by highly
intelligent visitors from other countries, Euro-
pean and American, that until they saw the
variety and perfection of the goods in the
Canadian dt^itartment, they had formed no just
idea of the country from which those articles
cinue. They were, of course, aware that the Do-
minion had a place on the maps of the world, and
of North America, but they had no conception
that what they had regarded only as a strip of
land, of inhospital)le i^limate, and remarkable
chielly for ice and snow, could be capable of
furnishing domestic animals of the greatest
perfection, all the grains used for food in equal
plenty and excellence, generous wines of a
quality by no means despicable, and a variety
of manufactures which extends throughout all
the artiiles necessary for the use, if not for the
ornament and luxury of life. In this respect,
even if no direct pecuniary advantage should
arise from the Exhibition, there can be little
doubt that its value must be incalculable.
Hitherto when Canada has appeared at an Intt-r-
national Exhibition, in the famous capitals of

i the old world, it has been as the exhibitor of a

few articles which, exiepting lumber and
cereals, were looked upon as curiosities. At
Philadelphia, in 1S7<J, she met for the first time
the nations of the world as a nation, and held
her own with all but those of the very first
class, giving indications at the .same time, of an
ambition in due course of taking her place
amongst the niost powerful and prosperous
nations in the civilized world.

22. — Highly flattering notices of the Canadian
section of the Exhibition appeared in most of
the languaii'es of the world,

, , .. 1 . ii Wuriii pniiee nf Catui-

tlirougli articles m the press, dhm section ^r the
Whole pages of compliments of
this character might, if necessary, be repro-
duced here. "We shall oiler but two, one a
remark by a distinguished foreigner, the Presi-
dent of the Centennial Commission, than whom
no one had better opportunities of forming an
intelligent and unbiased judgment, or was
more competent to expiess it. On the occasion
of a public reception of Canadian school teach-
ers by Greiieral Hawley, in his official capacity,
he said that : " Canada had done more for the
success of the Centennial Exhibition than any
eight of the States of the American Union, with
the exception of New Jersey and Pennsylvania."
This generous, and, we believe, strictly truthful
statement by an American citizen, who honor-
ably represented his country at Philadelphia,
and perl'ormed signal service for her there, may
be fully supplemented by the opinion of an
illustrious British citizen of noble birth, who,
till recently, represented so worthily his Royal
Mistress, our gracious Sovereign the Queen,
in this great western dependency of her
Empire. On his return to Ottawa, after
visiting the Exhibition, His Excellency the
(xovernor-General of Canada, was presented
with an address by the corporation of that city.
Lord Dutferin's reply was what might have
been expo led from that able and accomplished
nobleman, and its eloquent peroration will
form an appropriate conclusion of Canada's
historical record at the American International
Exhibition of 1870. Lord Dulferin said:— "In
conclusion, gentlemen, I cannot help adding

GOVHRXMENT OF TIIH EARF. OF DUFFERIN— CANADA AT THE C'HNTENXrAL.

one word ol" congratulation on th(! admirable
appearance made by Canada at the Centennial
Exhibition, Irom whence I have jnst come.
Whether we take into account ^' e variety of
our products, their intrinsic value, the degree
to which they are destined to promote the
expansion of our wealth, trade and commerce,
or whether we consider the admirable method
and completeness with whirh they have been
displayed under the supervision of our Com-
missioners, we must be equally struck with
the effective share which Canada has taken in
enhancing the attractions of the Centennial
show. There can be no doubt but that these
proofs of our resources and prospects have
made the most favourable impression upon oiTr
neighbours in the United States. In many
respects they acknowledge, with a generosity
which well becomes them, that we are their
masters-; and the many prizes we have taken
away, especially in the agricultural competi-
tions, have completely borne out their apprecia-
tion of our eminence ; indeed, I may say I am
never allowed to enter the United States
without being made to feel with what kindly
feelings we are regarded by that great people
whose own extraordinary development is one
of the marvels of the age. Wherever 1 go, I
never fail to meet with the greatest courtesy
and consideration, which I gladly recognize as
a tribute, not to myself, but to the Canadian
nationality I represent, whom the people of the
States are always anxious to honour in iny
person. At no period in the history of the
world have those bonds of sympathy and ailec-
tion, by which the members of the great Anglo-
Saxon race are indestructil)ly incited, been
drawn closer or rendered more sensibly ap-
parent, than at the present moment. The
many proofs given by England of her friendly
feeling towards the people of the United States,
have found their crowning expression in the
noble way she has associated herself with them in
celebrating the Centennial year of their existence
as an independent community ; and nowhere
has her Imperial dignity been more fitly or
appropriately displayed than beneath the lucent

roof of the Philadelphia Exhibition, where she
sits enthroned amid her native treasures, and
surrounded by the crowd of loyal colonies
through whose intervention she not only ex-
tends her sceptre to the four quarters <>f the
world, birt has everywhere built up frei' insti-
tutions, and laid deep the foundations of an
imperishable freedom. Facing her in generous
emulation stands the United States, barked by
the, wealth of her virgin territory and the
inventions of her ingenious artificers, and, as
you traverse the building from end to end, yoiT
almost forget to remember whether you be
English, Canadian, Australasian, American,
from Africa or from India, in the proud con-
sciousness that you are a member of that great
Anglo-Saxon race whose enteri)rise has invaded
every region, whose (.'hildreu have colonized
two continents, whose langxiage is spoken by
one-third of civilized mankind, whose industry
thiongs the markets of the globe, and whof
political genius has developed the only succes.s-
ful form of constitutional government as yet
known to the nations of the earth."*

• We feel that tliKi sketch of the Ccntonniiil wmihl be incomplete
withniit ."otnethiiiK more thnn the "mere meiiticm " of the Amoriciin
Kentlcmen who so freely iind eiirnc.-tly iissistcil the Canaili.iii Ccimiiii?-
sioners. ami .ve, therefore, niiponil the fullnwiiiK short >keti'he^ of Iheiii :

Mr. (ieorpre W. Childs wn.-^ born in liiilliniori' in the year I'^Lfi, ami is
essentiallyji self-made man. At a very early aire ho entered the I'nited
States navy, where he remained lifteen montlis. Wlien just lifleen. he
left lialtimore for Philadelphia, where lie obtained a .■'itnation in ,i
publishing house, in which he at once proved his ailinirable business
c|Ualifieations. lie represented his employers very successfully at the
annual trade sales in New York and lioston.and, at the eial of four years,
started in business for hini.«elf in a small room of the buildinir then
occupied by the I'ulilir Liiliin- of I>hiladel|>hia. Socoi after, he was
offered a partnership in the publisliinft house of U. K. Peterson *fe Co..
the name of the new firm beiuK Childs & Peterson. .Some of tlio most
saleable and prolitabte books which have ever appeareil in Cia I'niled
States were published by Mr. Childs' firm, his ij.tuitive saKacit>' and trood
.indiimcnt in this res|icct goinu far to establish the fortunes of himself
and his partner. In IHiU he |>urchased the /'»////-■ h'/;fir, a splendid
newsiiaper property, of which he has ever since been the owiu'rand con-
trol linjr spirit, and in the publication of which he has am:issed an immense
anil evcr-incrensinK fortune. The I'lihli' O'lffn- was started iu W:*;, by
three .i(Uirncymau printers, as a penny ilaily newspaper. It was n ureal
success, and, amonirst his intimate friends, it was no secret that \-ouu^'
Childs, while yet a boy of eiuhleon, and when the prosrieet (d' the acconi-
|p|ishmc It of his wi^hes seemed in.'iiossible, set before himself, as an
object to be achieved, the proprietorship of the Li'linr eslablishnu'nt.
He saiil to Dr. R. Sheltim Mackenzie, nbie years before the event
occurred. "If I live, I will become the owner id' the /'ii'.'o- hihm:"
In ISiU, (he paper reiiched a critical stime in its existence. .Mr. Childs
purchased it, aKainst the sironi.' .idvice of his IViends, for soincthin); over
jiLTOiOnii. lie at once cloublcd its price and advanced the advcrtisinu rales,
and, altliouKh these changes were for a time perilous, the course of the
Iiaper, under its new and able management, soon mi.de it an abnost unex-
ampled monetary success. It soon gained an immense e'rculation, and i8

i ■ ■!

IK\

CHArXER L.

'JOVHHXMHNT OF THK KAIiL OF DUFFERIN—
THIRD SFSSIOX, TJLIRI) PARLIAMFXT, 187<i.

1. Orr.xixfi OF Parliamkn't. Thk Speech

FROM THK TlIKOXK. — 2, TlIE DEIMJES.SION IN

TT?\DE. — ;!. The Budget. — 4. Dehate on the
BuuGE"''. — i"). Motion in favok ok ruoTEC-

TION VOTED DOWN. — 6. PROTEf'TION FOR

IvvRMERs. — 7. .Sir John A. MacdonaldV
motion in favor of Protection defeated.
— 8. The grasshopi'er fiaoue in Mani-
Toij.v. — {t. Pkoro(!Ation. Acts passed.

1. — Tho third session of the third Parliament
of the Dominion was opened by His Exrellency
the Governor-General on the
10th February. In the Speech
from the Throne His Excellency
referred to his recent visit to En"land ; to the

oponint; of
I'iirlintticnt. The
Siiei'tli Irdiii tho
Til rone.

iiciw lino 111' the licst newsiKipcr iimiiovties in the worlil. The new hilnf
biiililinK, erected iinil lilted ii|i iindor its priiprietur's personal ilirei'tion.'',
is a niiiilel printing' house, .-ind proliulily, in nil respects- the most peri'eet
and complete estiihlishiiient of the kind in existence. The policy of the
riaper. under Mr. Childs' control, has given it a very wide inlliioncc, and
made it universally rosiiccted in tho I'liited .States. Its independent,
hitrh-toned characten and straightforward integrity of purpose, are
strongly characteristic of its proiirietor, whose name is honoumbly
known both at. home and abroad. Few men have gained such a princely
fortune in the business of publication, and none have used it mure
worthily. Mr. Cbilds is a lari-'c-hearteil, generous man— a idiilanlhropist
in tile broadest sense of the term. He dispenses his prejit wealth in a
Ihotisand charitable and beneliccnt ways, and is constantly devising new
schemes of open-handed liberality and benevolence towards his fellow-
nicn. His magnificent entertainments, during tho period of the Philn-
dcllihia Kxhibition, are well known to foreigners all over the world ; but
he will be longer rcincnibercd by the jioor and indigent of Philadelphia, for
his kind and cunsidcnitc thoughtfulness of them at that time. Hundreds
of poor women, and several thousands of pauper children from tho
different charitable institutions of that great city, were repeatedly sent
by Mr. Childs, bappy-he^irted, to Fairniount Park, and furnished with
comfortable dinners while there enjoying the sight.s of the vast World's
Fair. At tho cunclusion of his labours as an honorary British Couunis-
sioner, i\Ir. Childs received, from the T)uke of Richmond and tiordon,
TiOrd President of the Council in tho British tJovernnient, a letter
heartily thanking him for his valuable services to the British section at
the Exhibition.

Mr. .Anthony .f. Drexel was born in Philadcliihia in the year 1S27. Ills
father was a banker in tinit city, and early enlisted Ijijn in the same pur-
suit. At the ago of tiftoen ho entered his father's office, and, over since,
he has been actively enaagod in the banking business in which ho has
long held n distinguished position. Ho now ranks a.s one of tho first
bankers in the world, being at the head of prominent banking houses in
New York and Paris, as well as in Philadelphin. Mr. Drexel is well
known for his fine bu.iiness abilities, his high personal character and stain-
less reputation' not Ics.s than for his great wealth and his large, although
wise and discriminating, charities. In the City of Philadelphia, his name
is suggestive of everything honorable, liberal and public spirited. For
many years be has been a zealous and powerful promoter of every bene-
volent or philanthropic scheme ; no man has spent his wealth better, or

continued depression in trade, and the bountiful
harvest. He congratulated the members on the
approaching completion of the Intercolonial
railway ; mentioned the opening of the Prince
Edward Island railway as an epoch in the
history of that Island, and rt^gretted no progress
had been made in the settlement of the Fisheries
compensation. Effect had been given to the
Superior Court Act by appointing the judges
and officers.! Bills to amend the law relating
to Common Carriers ; respecting Life Insurance
Companies ; to provide for collecting statistics
of crime ; to provide for consolidating the
statute law ; for the eni'ranchisement of In-
dians ; and respecting insolvent Banks, would

used his influence more w orthily. I Ine of his most recent public benefits
has been the erection, in the suliurbs of the city, of 'iK 'nouses for working
people. These ho enables them to acquire on terms extremely favorable,
having a thoughtful regard alwa.vs for the means and circumstances of
individual purchasers. In this practical, helpful way he encourages the
humblest artisan in his native city to secure a comfortable home. Between
Mr. Drexel and Mr. Childs there has subsisted a long and firm friendship ;
they have fought the liattle of life ably and successfully side by side— the
caiiitalist, in past crises of his friend's business career, having been ever
ready to lend tho support of his credit and wealth to Mr. Childs' well-
cimsidered undertakings. With all his acknowledged abilities, and his
eminent public and social position, not the least conspicuous of Mr.
Drexcl's virtues are his innate modesty, and retiring and unobtruslvo
disposition. At the Exhibition his substantial services to the British, in-
eluding the Canadian, Isection, were thoroughly apiireciafed, and, like
his American colleague, he deservedly received tho warm thanks of the
Imperial (iovernment.

Mr. Hoderick W. Cameron, above referred to, and whose portrait np-
liears in these pages, was born at I llenevis, County of (ilengarr.v. .July 2oth,
ISi"). lie is of Highland pircntage, bis father having been a clansman of
the famous elan whoso name he bore, and his mother a Mclieod, a native
of tho Island of .Skye. .Mr. Cameron's father was a hero of the old
school— a fnited Empire loyalist who, after linking bis fortunes with
Canada in a very troublous time, was mainly instrumental— along with a
number of other Highland gentlemen whose descendants are now living
in (ilengarry— in founding the old Xorth-West Company which was after-
wards merged in the Hudson's Bay Compan.v. He finally settled in
filengarry, and represented that County in the old Parliament of Upper
Canada which .sat at York, now Toronto, from 1M20 to 1S2-1. His son, Mr.
|{. W. Caniero}!, received bis early education in the country of his birth,
and in IS.i2 went to New York to engage in the shipping business, and, in
that year, was the first to estalilish regular communication by iiacket ships
between tho tnited States and (ho British colonies of Aestralia and New
j I Zealand, The trade has since grown into largo proportions under Mr.
[ I Cameron's able and energetic management. He has been for many years
1 j tho owner of a Meet of first-class ships plying between dilfercnt American
(! ports and the Australian and other British culonies, and has latterly
I I turned his attention with, we hope, some success to cultivating a trade
!: between Canada and those .Vntipodean colonies. .Mr. Cainenm was, as
i we haveabo\e stated, one of the Commissioners for Xcw South Wales at
the Philadelphia Exhibitions he al.so rc|iresentod that colony, in a
similar capacity, at the P.irisE.vhibition of 1S7«. He is a bright example
I of the great success achieved by the business enterprise, ability .ind in-
'i tcgrity of not a few Canadians in tlie United .States- Although a citizen
I i of the Uepublie. he is a warm friend of British interests, and has proved
I in many wa.vs his strong attachment to his native country and herpeorde.
] t l)n the Sth October l'<7.">,the following gentlemen .vere gazetted judges
;i of the Supreme Court of tho Dominion i Hon. William Buell Uiehards,
Chief .lustice, Hon. Messrs M'. .1. Uitchic. S. II. Strong,,!. T. Taschercftu,
T. Fournierand W. A. Henry, I'uisne .ludges.

i(g«WWW!W

(fOVEl{N>rENT OF TIIK EARL OF DUFF ERIN— THIRD SESSION, THIRD PARLIAMENT. 403

bo submitted. The depression in trade had
seriously affected tb"^ revenue ; and it was
necessary to curtail tiio exj juditure. Corres-
pondence with regard to the Pacific Railway
would be laid lielore Parliament. A deputation
Irom the Manitoba Crovernment had visited
Ottawa with a view to some re-arrangement of
the Income of the Province, which was not
sufficient for ordinary expenditure, and propo-
sitions concerning this would be presented. On
the 11th the Address in reply to the Speech from
the Throne was moved in the Commons by Mr.
Casey, seconded by Mr. Tasihereau. No amend-
ment was offered, Sir John A. Macdonald
remarking that the Speech was " a most harmless
printed document." Considerable discussion,
however, took place with reference to a speech
which the Postmaster-Greneral (Hon. Mr. Hun-
tington) had delivered at Argenteuil in which
he had violently attacked the Catholic religion ;
and Hon. Mr. Mackenzie took occasion to repu-
diate the Postmaster-General and to declare
that the Ministry in no way held itself respon-
sible for the "most unfortunate speech " of the
Postmaster-General. The Address was then
adopted. In the Senate, the Address was moved,
on the 14th, by Hon. Mr. Paquet, seconded by
Hon. Mr. Leonard, and adopted unanimously.

2. — The first debate of the session — except
that on the Address — took place on the 16th
February, on a motion by Mr. D
Mills : " That a Select Committee
composed of Messrs. Burpee, (Siinbury), Carrai-
chael, Currier, Charlton, Dymond, Delorme,
Piatt, Sinclair, Workman and the mover, be
appointed to inquire into the causes of the pre-
sent financial depression." He entered at some
length into the question and attributed the
depression to a great extent to our intimate
trade relations with the United States, where
there was very great depression. Sir John A.
Macdonald thought the motion was really one
to inquire into the state of the nation, and,
therefore, equivalent to a motion of want of confi-
dence. He thought that the motion should be
suspended imtil after the Finance Minister had
made his Budget speech. Mr. Young thought

Tlie (Icprcssion in
Xriiilo.

that the country was in the position of a solvent
trader who hnd ))ought a large and good stock
at fair prices, l)ut found some difficulty in dis-
posing of it, and favored the appointment of
the Committee, as did Messrs. Dymond and
Workman. Messrs. Irving and Kirkpatriek op-
lX)sed the appointment of tfie Committee. Mr.
Wood strongly advocated a Protective policy,
and Mr. Thompson (Wdland) was equally
strong in favor of Free Trade. The debate was
continued on the 17th and 18th, and participated
in by Messrs. Tupper, Norris, Bowell, Patterson,
Currier, Oliver, McGregor, Rochester, McDou-
gall (Elgin), Gilmour, Jones (Leeds), Davies.
Orton, DeCosmos, Bunster and others. ]\Ir.
Blaine moved to substitute " Manufacturing and
Commercial " instead of financial in the motion,
which was accepted by Mr. Mills. Hon. Dr.
Tupper moved to add "Mining," and Hon.

The liiiilfc'ct.

Peter Mitchell " Shipping " which was agreed
to and the motion as amended carried.

3.— On the 2oth February Hon. Mr. Cart-
wright made his Budget Speech. The revenue
for the year ending -SOth June,
1875, was $24,tJ48,71o ; expendi-
ture, $23,713,071; balance, |935,644. Ihere
had been a very marked decrease in the volume
of trade, the imports having fallen ofT $7,7H5,512,
and the exports, $11,464,949. The revenue for
the current year threatened to fall very much
below the estimate, as it showed nearly $2,000,-
000 less in the first seven months o ' 1874-5 than
for the same period in 1873-74. L > attributed
the depression to over-importation, fall of the
price of lumber in the United States market.s,
general extravagance and speculation, long con-
tinued depression in the United States, and
general financial trou})l(> throughout the world.
He estimated the receipts for the current year
at $23,250,000, and the expenditure at a little
less ; which was a reduction of nearly $2,500,000
on last year. He declared that he did not think
that either the late or present Crovernment
could be fairly charged with having caused the
existing depression ; and with reference to
means of relieving it said, " There is no use in
concealing that the Government have been im-

111

■*%

494

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF<' THE BOJfrNrON OF CANADA.

portuiu'il Irom many quarters to declare them-
selves ill favor of a hiuh tarilf." He then went
ou at length to aryue that the depression
although great, was only temporary, and that
this was not the time to make radical
changes which may inflict serious permanent
injury on the country. He held that the true
iiuancial policy of the country was to have
what wa.s substantially a revenue tariti, which
was the policy to which the (.Jovernnieut meant
to adhere, and he hoped that by pursuing a
policy of justice to all, prudt'uce and economy
they would be able to tide over the existing
depression. i

4. — Hon. Dr. Tapper reviewed the Financial
policy of the Government at considerable length.
Delate on the ""^ Severely blamed them for

"''^'"-''' not attempting to allbrd any

relief from the great commercial depression
under which we were sulf'ering The expen-
ditures were increasing and the receipts de- ,
creasing, and still the Government had nothing
to propose. He thought that what Canada
needed was a broad, lil)eral National Policy, j
which would be founded on principles lieneficial j
to the whole country, and not any line spun
theories as to the relative advantages of Free
Trade and Protection. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie
was willing to admit, as he had before admitted,
that absolute Free Trade was impossible ; and
although, in theory, he was a Free Trader, he
believed that the only policy suited to Canada
was 'i tariff based on the requirements for ex-
penditures — in other words, a Revenue Tariff'.
The debate was adjourned to the 28th, when
M" rving moved a long resolution to the effect
th.-u it was necessary, under existing circum-
stances, to revive diffln-eutial duties ; and that a
rate not less than ten per cent, should be added
to the existing rate on all foreign manufactures
of the classes of goods which could be produced j
in Canada. Mr. Charlton opposed any charge
in the tarilf. Mr. "Workman moved in amend-
ment to the amendment, " That this House
deeply regrets to learn from the speech of the
Honorable Minist(>r of Finance, on Friday last,
that the Government has not proposed to this

House a policy of Protection to our various and
imjiortant manufacturing industries ; and that
the large amoiuit of capital now invested in
these industries, and their jiresent depressed
condition, render such a policy necessary to
restore them to a condition of i>rosperity," Mr.
Workman's amendment was ruled out of order.
Mr. Devlin spoke stvoimly in favor of Protec-
tion, and Mr. John Macdonald (Toronto) pointed
out the anomaly of a Committee beijig ap-
pointed to inquire into the state of the mann-
factuiing interests while the Government re-
fused to do anythiuii' to relieve them. Sir John
A. Macdonald said that the announcement of
the Government that there would be no chanue
in the tariff had taken him by surprise. He
characterized the motion of the honorable mem-
ber for Hamilton (Mr. Irving) as a protest against
the Government in liivor of his constituents ;
l>ut said that if the intention had been to make
Protection look ridiculous the honorable gentle-
mui could not have framed his resolution
better. He advocated a broad National Policy,
and was of opinion that the Government
should take some steps towards relieA'ing
the existing distress, A vote was then taken
on Mr. Irving's amendment, which was defeated,
3 for, 174 against, and the debate adjourned.*
The debate was continued on the 3rd by Messrs.
Young, Bunster, McDougall (Elgin), Dynicnd,
Appleby, Rochester, Davies, Plumb, Pope,
Cartwright, Mackenzie, Vail and Holton, after
which the motion to go into Committee of
Supply was carried.

5. — On the 7th, on the motion to go into
Committee of Supply, Mr. AVorkman moved
the amendment which had been

11 1 J p 1 1 . .1 .Mntion in tavor

declared oiit of order durinjr the ot I'n.ioetion

Budget

viJinl (Inwn.

debate (see preceding
paragraph). The motion was seconded by Mr.
Devliii, and supported by Messrs. Domville and
Colby. Mr. Palmer did not think that a Free
Trade policy was practicable in Canada, and
although he could not vote for the motion as it
stood, still he would support any molion to

• The tiiree whi
Wo(iJ.

vnteil fcir the motion were Mossr?. Irvinif, Devlin iinil

(rOVHJfXMHNT OF TIIK KARL OF DrFFERIN— THIRD SK.SSION, Tllllil) I'AIM-IAMKNT. 495

revise tho tiivifl' in siich a inanncr as would
atl'ord rclifl" to the mamiractiirt'is. He contended
that it was a niistakt; to say that [n-otection to
manul'acturers woukl injure larniers, as he
thought that no one industry could lloiivish
without beneHltinii' others. Mr. Brown thought
that all the Canadian maniii'acturers needed
was to be allowed to t'uter into I'air eorapotitiou
with the Americans. Mr. f^inclair was of the
opinion that the resolution was framed wholly
in the interest of a small clique of manufacturers,
and Mr. Cook hoped that it would receive so
decided a negative as to kill all hope of a
Protective Tariti' forever. Sir John A. Macdonald
thought that the resolution did not go far enough,
and althoiigh he should vote for it, intended to
introduce a more comprehensive motion himself
at a future stage. He believed that agriculture
and manul'actures should go hand in hand, and
the tariff be so re-adjusted as to foster both.
He charged the Grovernment with inconsistency,
and said that in not coming forward to the
relief of the country, they had lost an oppor-
tunity which may never return to them. Mr.
Workman's motion was then put and lost.
Yeas G4, Nays 119. |

6. --On the 21st February Dr. Orton moved
for a Select Committee on the Agricniltural
interests of the Dominion. He
spoke oi' the unfair operation of
the American tarifl", :vnd claimed that while we j
were admitting American I'arm produce to free
competition with our own productions, the i
('anadian farmers had been forced to iiay over
825,000,000 into the United States Treasury |
since the abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty, ■
in the shape of duties. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie i
objected to the appointment of the Committee.
He thought that : "The farmers are quite aide
to take care of themselves ; they are the most
prosperous class in the country, and the nos-
trums the hon. gentleman would prescribe for
their proetction I do not think they will have
on any account."* The debate was continued

* The roHuK (if the Cienoral Election of 17th Septombor, ISTS, slioweil
tliiit Mr. .Miu'kon/ie wii.-* riffht in hU opiniun tluit the fiirmers of Chitario
were '* iiuite ttblo to tuko eare c)f theinselve.s ;" but moat wotully wrong

I'nitei'lioii for
farmers.

by Messrs Masson, Archibald, McCallum. Pat-
terson. Stirton tind Casey, and adjourned until
22nd when Messrs. Plumb and Smith (Peel), ad-
vocated the appointment of the Committee, and
Messrs McDougall (South Kenfrew) and Burpee
(Sunbury) opposed it, tuid the debate were
again adjourned. On the 8th Mtirch, (he del)ate
was resiimed by Mr. Wallace (Norfolk) who, as
representing a farming constituency, was per-
fectly certain that the farmers desired to thange
the existing state of things between Canada and
the United States. ^Ir. Trow had travelled very
extensively in Western Ontario, and also repre-
sented a farming constituency, but he had not
heard any farmers asking for protection against
American competition. The only kind of pro-
tection the farmers wanted was against the
weevil, the Hessian lly, and the Colorado bug ;
if the mover of the resolution, being a medical
man, could prescribe some remedy for these
evils he would be doing the larmers a much
greater service than by any Protection motion.
The debate was continued by Messrs. Gordon,
Huntington, Pope, Bovvell, Mills and Kyinal, after
which, some slight chanucs in the Committee
which hadbi'en proposd by Hon. Mr. Mackenzie
having been made, the motion for a Committee
was carried witout division.

7. — On the 10th Vlarch, on the motion to go
into Committee Oi Supply, Sir John A. Mac-
donald moved in amendment g.^, j^^i^,, ^ .\,.|,,.
that " This House regrets His Hi'.l'lr J!;i:',i!illi!",
Excellency the Governor Gene- '''"'^^""='^-
ral has not been advised to recommend to Par-
liament a measure for the readjustment of the
tariff, which would not only aid in alleviating
the stagnation of business deplored in the gra-
cious Speech from the Throne, but would also
afford fitting encouragement and protection to
the struggling manufactures and industries, as
well as to to the agricultm-al products of this
country." In a long and able speech he reviewed
the questio)! of the necessity for a ehtuige in the
tariff at the present time, and advocated the
adoption of a broad National Policy, which,

in liin iJea that they iliil not want their pruduets protecteil against Ame-
rican competition.

"tS,

^%l

i ii

4!M!

TrTTTJVS iriSTORV OF TUB DOMINION OF ( 'ANAPA.

M'hile ali'ovding piotcction tooiir inaiuiiactiii'in<;'
and a^iiiullural interests, would, also, furnish
a suilicicnt revenue lor conductins'' the business
ol' (he country aud proeeediug with the impor-
tant |)ul)lie works wliich had heeome absolutely
necessary. lie held that the reduction in ex-
penditure claimed l)y the Finance Minister in
his lUidget speecli was not a ijenuine reduction,
as it was only accomplished by postponing or
abandoning public works which the country
needed. He ([uoted from English and American !
authorities to show that the countries whose
products were protected were competing with
Free Tradt' lilngland in her own markets and
beating her; and already it was prophesied that j
in less than ten years the very people in !
England who clamored lor l'"ree Trade and Free
Bread, would be demanding a return to the
Protective policy under which Fngland had
grown to be great and powerful. He said he
had no hope that the present Grovernment '
woiild change its policy after the very pro- '
nounced opinions of some of its members, but
he desired to appeal beyond the Government,
beyond the J louse, to the sober second thought
of the country. Hon. ^Ir. Cartwright dejirecated
anything like a retaliatory ]wlicy towards the ,
United States ; and defended the policy of the
Government, claiming that they had m^de some
A'ery important reductions in expenditures. He
denied that the Government had ever held out
any promises of a readjustment of the tariif ; and
held that thi' adoption of a Protective policy
would only be to further the interests of a few
manufacturers at the expense of the general
public. Ml. Masson .supported the resohUion ;
Dr. Brouse preferred lleciprocity to Protection ;
Mr. Laurier favored Protection but thought the
resohition went too far. and Mr. Mousseau
charged Mr. Laurier with inconsistency, after
which the debate was adjourned. On the
14th the debate was resumed by Mr. Fleming
who opposed Protection and specially ob- \[
jected to fiv-quent charges in the taritf. Mr.
Wallace did not think the question was
one of Protection or Free Trade at all, but of
a readjustment of tarilis. He thought there

must be something radically wrong in the fiscal
policy which made us go 3,000 miles for coal
while we had such large deposits in the
Dominion, import iron while we had the Jinest
iron in the world right under our feet, and wool
when we could grow much more than we
needed. Mr. Bertram said that we had
prospered under our present system, and it
should bo continued. Mr. McNab and Mr.
Bunster supported ihe resolution. Mr. Kirk-
patrick thought the tariff should be readjusted,
and claimed that the Finance Mi)iister had led
the country to expect that it would be. Messrs.
Mitchell, Colby, Macdonald and Norris sup-
ported the resolution and Mes.srs. Archibald and
Carmichael opposed it, after which the debate
was again adjourned. On the following day
Messrs. liorden, Cameron (Smith Ontario), Mills,
Casey, Oliver, Mackay, Kirk and Hagar opposed
the resolution, and Messrs. White (Hastings),
Plumb, Wood, DeCosmos and McCallum sup-
ported it. Hon. Dr. Tupper reviewed at length
the policy, or w ant of policy, of the Government ;
and claimed that the country at large showed
that it wanted Protection, for in nearly every
case where a candidate had declared himself in
favor of moderate Protection, he had been
returned. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie defended thi.
course of the Government, and ridiculed the
idea of the coiintry at large wanting Protection.
Alter some further debate, the House divided,
and Sir John A. Maidonald's resolution was
defeated, Yeas, 70 ; Nays, 116.

8. — The summer of 1875 was a most disastrous
one for the yoimg Province of Manitoba, which
was just beginning to feel the .j.,,e , .....shopper
beneficial effects of immigration. ri»'"'e >" Manitoba.
The grasshoppers literally " ate up every green
thing," the settlers lost all their crops and were
in great danger of starving through the winter,
and did not save enough for seed. In this
plight the Executive Council of Manitoba
applied to the Dominion Government for a sum
of money with which to procure provisions for
the winter, and seed corn for the spring. The
sum asked was $60,000, as a loan, and the
Dominion Government promptly adA^anced it.

(;»)Vi;i;xmi;nt ok tiik kaim, ok DrKKKijiN— I'HI.vcii'al kvknts ok 1'<ti:

i:i;

Supplk'S iiiul scccl wore Ibrwiirdi'd in tho iiill,
but, iinrordmately, the Red river IVoze much
earlier than usual — tho ice i'oruiiu<>- on the ;5rd,
and naviyation Ijoinj-- entirely closed on the 18th
November — and a largi' portion of the uoods
could not reach Winnipeg by boat. This in-
volved winter transportation, which added
greatly to the cost, and used up so much of the
$60,000 ihat Lieutenant-Governor Morris was
forced to make an application for an additional
$25,000. This wa.s done by letter under date
IGth March, and on the lollowinii' day Hon. Mr.
Cartwright submit ted a message from His Excel-
lency transmitting a supplemental estimate for
$25,000 for relief of tho distressed settlers. The
matter was at once referred to Committee of
Svipply. and the item passed.

0. — Parliament was prorogued on the 12th
April, His Excellency giving assent to thirty-
! Pronwition. A,t. "i"^' puldic and thirty-six private
I '"""•"• and local Bills. Amongst the

most important Acts passi-d was one granting
j $20,746 per annum for six and a half years to
I Manitoba, so as to raise the annual subsidy to
$90,000. An Act permitting witnes-ses before
I Parliamentary Committees to be examined
under oath ; an Act with regard to corrupt
practices at elections ; an Act providing for the
collection of criminal statistics ; an Act provid-
I ing for the bridging of navigable streams under
I certain conditions ; an Act relating to the main-
tenance and management of Indians ; an Act
I amending th(» Dominion Lands Act ; an Act
j ci siting the District of Keewatiu out of the
territory lying north of the International bound-
ary, west of Ontario, south of Hudson's Bay and
j east of the westerly boundary of Manitoba. The
j Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba to be ex officio
Lieutenant-Governor of the new district, the
Governor-in-Council appointing a Council of
five or ten to assist him. An Act amending the
, Supreme and Exchequer Courts Acts, providing
for taking evidence by Commission, &c. An
Act amending the Insolvent Act of 1875, and
i another providing for the winding up of the
' affairs of insolvent banks.

CHAPTEK LI.

(lOVKRXMKXT OKTIIK KAIM- OK DrKKKIilX—
l'l(!X('ll'A[, KVKXT.S OK ISTC

1. Dominion 1?o.\ri) of Tuaek.— 2. Tkiirihia

DKSTllUCTIVK FIREH. — 3. MaIM.M-: DISASTKli.x.
— 4. CaKINKT CHAXdKS. CHA.NOK i)l' I'OMTI-

v\\. FEEiiiNG.— 5. Lord Duffkimn's visit to
British Coli'mhia.— 6. Other events of

THE YEAR.

1. — The sixth annual meeting of the Dominion
Boa'd of Trade was openi'd at Ottawa on the
18th January, the President, Mr. |,,„„i„i„„ ,j,„,,,i
Fairweather, presiding. Forty- "' '''•■"i''
nine delegates were present, representing
eighteen organizations, whose aggregate mem-
bershi]) was 2,083. The lirst bu.siness, altei
reading the annual report, etc., was the adoption
of a resolution introduced by Mr. Adam Brown,
of Hamilton, that the Dominion Government he
petitioned to urge on the British Government
the advisability of an amendment to the existing
Treaty of Extradition with the United States so
that it should inchide all criminals, except
persons accused of jrolitical olienses. ^Ir.
Mingay (Kingston) urged the appointment of
Government Bank Inspectors, but the motion
was lost on division ; as was also a motion by
Mr. Desjardins that the Gov(>rnment be askinl
to grant a subsidy to establish a line of winter
steamers between Quebec and the Maritime
Provinces. A resolution in iavor of the
compulsory inspection of butter, petroleum,
hides, ashes, beef and pork, was lost ; and
one. proposed by Mr. W. H. Howland. in
fiivor of an uniform system of grain inspection
adopted, as was also a motion that the Govern-
ment be recommended to establish a Canadian
Lloyds. A long discussion took place on the
motion of Mr. Adam Brown that the Government
be petitioned to replace the ten per i(Mit. duty
on Tea and Coffee imjiorted other than direct
from the place of production, whit'h had been
repealed by the Mackenzie Administration.
The arguments tended to show that the removal

II:

1)1

Ij'^S.

'«^^

4!»8

TITTLKS IIISTOIJY OF TIIK DOMINION OF I'ANADA.

of this duty had Itroki'ii down lht> diivct tradt»
between C'amuhi and China, and thrown the
husinesN into New York without reducing tho
retail price, or benefiting- the coufsumer. The
resolution was adojitod ^2^> lor, to 11 against. A
resolution recommending the tiovernment to
construct the Cauiihnawuga Canal was intro-
duced by lion. John Yoxina; and carried. A
long and interesting debate took place on the
subject of the depression in trade, and a
resolution, introduced l)y Mr. Adam lirown, to
the eilect liiat the Irovernment should adopt a
" National Commercial Policy," and take
measures to protect the capital invested in our
manufactures, was adopted by a vote of 23 to
14. Several other subjects were discussed, and
Mr. Andrew ]{obertson, of Montreal, elected
President for the ensuing year, after which the
meeting adjourned sine die.

•2. — Never before in the history of Canada had
there been a greater succession of extensive
Tofribiydc.<tru,tiv.. '""^s ill towus and cities than
"'■*''• occurred in the year 187ti, and

only once since — the burning of St. John, N.B.
— has such complete destruction overtaken any
Canadian city as occurred to St. John's Que.,
and St. Ilyacinthe, Que., in this year, (hi the
12th April, the stores of Messrs. Molleur and
McDonald. St. John's P. (J., were burned, and
damagi> to the extent of $70,000 done. The
town had been singularly free from lires for
some years, and this large destruction partially
aroused the people to a sense of their almost
entire want of protection against fire, and they
very nearly bought a steam fire engine, unfor-
tunately, they did not quite buy it, and the next
lire nMidered the S(>rvices of one unnecessary
for some time — at least until the town could be
rebuilt. Another fire broke out about 8 o'clock
on the morning of the 18th June, in a lumber
pile in IJousquet's Saw^ Mill, and spread very
rapidly to ad.joiuing buildings. There were
little or no appliances for mastering the flames,
and the fire soon got beyond control, and burned
until the whole business portion of the town
was destroyed, 225 houses being laid in ashes,
upwards of -400 persons rendered houseless, and

damaue to the extent of over $1,000,000 done,
only about )«;40(»,f»00 of which was covered by
Insurance. I'lifortunately two persons were
burned to death and seven seriously injured.
On the third September a similar disaster
overtook the flourishing town of St. Ilyacinthe,
about 35 miles from Montreal, and in a few hours
what had been one of the most prosperous
towns in the Province of (Quebec was little more
than a heap of smouldering a.shes. The fire
broke out about 1.45 p.m. in a shed in rear of the
office of the Courrier >lii Canniln. occupied by a
man named Maxinie Blanchette, and spread
rapidly. Here, also, as in St. John's, there were
no appliances for coping with a large fire and it
was soon beyond control. Montreal, (Quebec
and l-icvis were telegrai)hed to for help and
responded as speedily as possible. In less than
an hour after the telegram had been despatched
to Montreal for help, a portion of the Montreal
Fire Brigade, with the steamer "A. Bertram"
was at work on the flames — the run from Point
St. Charles to St. Hyacinthe having been made
l)y the Grand Trunk in 32 minutes. It was
nearlv 5 o'clock before the Montreal men got to
work and ley had a fight of four hours before
the fire was under control, by which time the
entire business portion of the town was des-
troyed, over 300 houses bt>ing in ashes, 500
persons homeless and $1,500,000 of damage
done, only about $2')0,000 worth of which was
covered by Insurance. Not a single bakery was
left, and large quantities of bread and other pro-
visions had to be sent from ]Mv,aireal and other
places. The largest fire which had occurred
for years in (Juebec broke out about 2 o clock in
the afternoon of the 30th May, in Scott Street,
St. Louis suburb and raged with great fury for
several hours, 411 houses being destroyed, and
damage down to tho extent of $500,000, nearly
$300,000 of which was covered by Insurance.
The suburb was thickly populated, and it was
estimated that over 1,000 people were rendered
homeless, the majority of whom were poor
persons, unable to bear the loss. Several other
town and cities suffered severely from fire
during the year, and extensive bush fires raged

nl
dl

,000 doll,.,
ovcrt'cl by
Diis were
f injurod.
distifiter
lyacintho,
It'w hours
rospcroxis
ittle moro
TJie fire
par of the
>iod by a j
d spread
lere wore
iro iijul it
Quebec
K'lp and
less than
'^patched
Montreal
Bertram "
>m Point
H'u made
It was
i?n got to
•s before
time the
vas des-
k's, 500
damag-e
ich was
:t'ry was
her pro-
d other
icurred
3lock ill
Street,
ury for
ed, and
nearly
iirance.
it was
ndered
? poor
1 other
tn iire
raged

GOVKIINMKNT (»l' TIIK V.W'A. or hrKFKIMN— rUINCll'AL KVKNTS (»F is?!!.

MMt

Miiriiif iliHiiilerH.

in several parts of the country, but these three
disasters at Qubec, St. John and St. Ilyacinthe
made all other lires look small by « onipurison.

8. — Although there wore sevi'ral severe gales
on the coast, and on the lakes during the year,
and the lo.ss of both life and pro-
perty was heavy, still there was
no one great marine disaster, the largest loss of
life occasioned by aecideiits to seagoing vessels
being 68 by the foundering of the schooner
Katie on her way I'rom Port Hawkesbury, P.

E. I. to Boston ; and 30 in the ship Lake St.
Clair, which foundered at sea on a voya'je i'rom
New York to Olasgow. The total number of
casualties to sea going vessels was 403, involv-
ing the loss of :W1 lives, and the destructiim of
$2,7.")5,(iftO worth of property. On the Inland
waters of the Dominion there were 11 disasters
and 13 lives lost, t! by the loss of the ban^ue

F. C. Street in Lake Ontario, in May, while on
her way from Port Colborne to Toronto ; and 7
by the foundering of the Ma<j;gie Hunter in
Octol)er, while going from Oswego to Toronto.

4. — Only two changes in the Cabinet occurred

during the year. On the 7th October the Hon.

David Laird, Minister of the

Cnbinot changrs. i i ■ • i i t • i

chiinifoof poiitirai Interior, was appointed Lieuten-
ant-Oovernor of the North- West
Territories, and on the 24th the Hon. David
Mills was sworn of the Privy Council, and
appointed to the vacant portfolio. On the 13th
December the Hon. R. E. Caron, Lieutenant-
Grovernor of Quebec, died, and on the 15th the
Hon. Luc Letellier de St. Just, Minister of Agri-
culture, was appointed his successor. The
vacancy in the Cabinet was not filled until the
2(Jth January, 1877, when Hon. C. A. P. Pelle-
tier was sworn of the Privy Council, and
appointed Minister of Agriculture. During the
year there began to be a very perceptible
change in public opinion on political matters.
and all who were not prejudiced or piirposely
blind began to think that Hon. Mr. Mackenzie's
lease of power was likely to prove very much
shorter than had been anticipated when he
came back from the General Elections of 1874
with eighty of a majority, unless he changed his

policy very materially, and admitted that how-
ever good Free Trade i)rinciples may b" in theory
they are bad in practice as far as Canada is con-
cerned. What has since become known as
"The Conservative reaction" had set in, and a
strong disiwsition towards Protection wasiirow-
ing up. The first practical illustration of this
was given on the ")th July, in North and South
Ontario, where Messrs. W. H. and T. N. Oibbs
run for the vacancies caused by the deatii of the
two Liberal members, Messrs, (rordon and
Malcolm Cameron. In South Ontario Mr J. D.
Edgar was the Reform laudidate, and unee
Cabinet Ministers, Me.ssrw. Mackenzie, Cart-
wright and Huntington stumped the Riding in
his interest. But he was defeated, and the Hon.
T. N. (ribbs, who adopted as his platl'orm 'Our
own markets for our own people," was returned
by forty-one majority by the same constituency
in which he had been defeated in 1874, by one
hundred and fifty-one. Tt was in this summer
that political "picnics" came into fashion, and
the Conservative party had a number in
Ontario which helped their cause materially.

5. — During the summer their Excellencies
paid a visit to British Columl)ia, and this natu-
rally leads tis to refer to the con-
tinued discontent there with
regard to the railway. On the rejection of the
Esquimau] t and Nanaimo Railway Bill, by the
Senate near the close of the Session of 1S7")
nothing was done with reference to re-intro-
ducing the Bill ; but, during the .summer of
1875, surveying parties were at work on Van-
couver Island locating the road, and some of the
fumous 40,000 tons of steel rails, which Mr.
Mackenzie had so inopportunely bought just at
the moment the price was aboiit to fall, were
shipped to Esquimault and Nanaimo; and the
natural impression was that the Canadian Gov-
ernment intended to carry otit the Carnarvon
Terms, and would reintroduce the Esquiniault
and Nanaimo Railway Bill at next session of
Parliament. The Government had no such in-
tention, however ; but the funds in the Treasury
were running low and Mr. Cartwright had to
raise a new loan, and it so happened — whether

li'irfl r^iirt'iTiriV vi.iit
tn lirill'li Coliiml)in.

I'S

n(H»

TUTTLH'S HISTORY OF TJIK DOMINION OF CANADA.

l)y accidoiit, or design we cannot say, tho
Dominion Govi'rnmcnt said accident, the British
t'olumbia Government desiii'ii — that the new
policy proposed towards British Columbia was
not promulgated r.ntil the loan had been
aitected, although the Order-in-Council had
been passed some two months i)reviously.* On
the 29th SeptemlxM-, 187;'). a report of the Trivy
Council was approved by His Excellency, in
which it was held that the Terms of Union did
not stipulate th;it the railway should be built
to Esquiinault, but simply to the Pacific coast ;
the proposal to build Ihat road had only been
made to British Columbia as compensation for
delay in building the main line ; that the
road Avas purely a local one and should Ijc
])uilt by the Pi-ovince, but the Dominion Gov-
ernment would be willing to ask Parliament
for a grant of §750,000 to assist in building the
road if British Columbia would be content to
wait 'or an indefinite period for the completion
of the main line. This report, although passed
nn '^I'Hi September, was not forwarded until the
i;^i;; November; and the proposal was at once
indignantly refused by the British Columbia
Government, which claimed that the Carnarvon
Terms should be carried out. A long and
I vigorous protest against the bad I'aith of the
j Dominion Government was made by tli" British
I Columbia Council to the Colonial Secretary,
' and, on the 2Sth ^Nlarch, 1870, Mr. DeCosmos
, moved a long resolution in the Commons setting
forth that Canada had twice solemnly pledged
her honor to commence the rood and had not
done so, and concluding "this House is of the
opinion that the Government should forthwith

" " Thi' ilrliiy ii Ihr liuiisiiii.-.<iiin n( tin' .Miniitu cif Cimricil iiijw uiiilur
CKiif-itleriititm "le.-^urvtjs iintioe. It w;is luissc.l mi the l^'Ih .SoiitfinhiT
liist. tiii'l WHS (Ictiiiiu'd lit OKawa until the loth Xnvi'iuber— soiiio .si'vcn
weeks—' owiriK,' as alloKod liy llu> I'iiUlt Sourt'lary of State, ' to tliu fact
"I'lhf olliior wlmso duty il was to fiiniisli a eopy of lliu Onler-iri-Coiiiioll
to this Doparttnont for transmi-^sioii » • • haviiiK inadvertently
<nnitted to do so,' To the honiinion (loverionent this detention proved
most opjiortnne. liy a siitnal eoiiielilonee they were dnrinu this period
enirai-'edin necotiatinffa heavy loan ip l-jmlainl. .S7,'J.')n,non i,|' wliieh, il is
|iutiliel>' »-ep..rted. they snceeeled ' 'st iletohcr in horrowiiiK on tho
Iin|ieriahlnaranlee, in ivhii-h iho I'n .incB is siieeially interested, a," it
was mainly k'iven tn aid in the eiMis'.riietion of tho I'aeiHe liailway.
OvvinK to the iletenlion alluded to, the IVovineial llnvernmunt were not
Hll'orded an oin'orinnily of iiMiestiii!! in the |iro|ier nnarter auainst the
<Juar;o.ii .' ;-Mnf ii-ed nnilei' i-xistinK idrennistain'es." Ivxtraet from
Minuto ,1 !Sntii<h Colnmhia Ocjuneil, 4th .laiinary, IKTl!.

promptly commence and vigoroiisly and con- |
tinuously prosti ute the work of the actual
construction of the said railway in British
Columbia in accordance with its solemn pledges
to that Province." He reviewed the whole
circumstances ofthe<ase at considerable length
and held that the Dominion was in honour
botind to carry out its agreement. The motion
was debated at some length and defeated by a
vote of Yeas, 7 ; Nays, 154. More correspondence
passed l)etween the Colonial Secretary and the
Dominion and Local Governments without any
nearer approach to a solution being reached,
each side holding to its position, the Dominion
Government practically saying that it did not
intend to attempt to carry out the exact terms of
Union, but would build the road how, when and
where they plea.sed ; and the Local Government
claiming the completion of the bargain which
had been made with them. Matters were in
this condition when His Lxcelleiu'y, on the
advice of his Ministers, determined to pay
British Columbia a visit. Their Excellencies
left Ottawa on ;51st July, for San Francisco,
from which port they were 'onveyed to Victoria
in H. M, S, Amethyst. The city was handsomely
decorated and the reception was a line one.
The feeling on the railway question found
expression in many of the mottoes on the arches,
under one of which, bearing the inscription
" Carnarvon Terms or Sei)aration "' His Excel-
lency declined to pass, and as the Committee
declined to alter the motto he had his carriage
driven another Avay, Their Excellencies spent
a month in the Province visiting New Westmin-
ster, Yale and other jilaces, and made themselves
very popular. On the railway question His
ICxcellency wms guarded until the morning be-
fore his linal departure from Victoria, when he
delivered what has since becomt^ know as his
"Great British Columbia Speech," in which he
calmly and disi)as.»<ionateIy reviewed the whole
railway question, and tried to convince his
hearers that it was not the policy of his
Ministry to abandon the railway, but that it
was an imi)o.ssibility to build it at once. This
very able speech had temporarily a good eli'ect

(lOVKILVMKXT OK KARL OF DUFFICRIX— FOimTJI SH.SSION, TiriRI) I'ARLIA.MHNT. Ml

on the tcmpor of tho i)eople, who were l)Oginiiing
to tire ol' Mr. Mackenzie's l)ad I'aith and openly
advocate seiessiou from the Union. His
Excellency returned to Ottawa on the 2:5rd
October, and after a brief rest paid a private
visit to the Centennial.

t). — Amongst the other important events of
the year may l)e mentioned the adoption by the
o,h,r. vents of the l^««ton 15oard of Trade and by
>"•''• the National Board of Trade of

resohitions in favor of Reciprocity; and the
formal opening of the Intercolonial Railvv'ay on
the 1st .Tilly. On the 12th July there was an
Orange riot in St. John, N. B., in which one man
was shot, and there was .some little disturbance
in Montreal, but nothing serious. On the 22nd
July 800 Icelanders arrived at Quebec on their
w^ay to Manitoba where they had secured a re-
servation. Towards the end of the year they
were severely alliicted with small pox and
suffered a great deal. One of the " events " of
the year was the visit of the Montreal Lacrosse
Team to England accompanied by a Team of
Caughnawaga Indians, for the purpose of jilaying
exhibition games and introducing our National
sport into the Mother Country. They were well
received wheri'ver they went, and had the
honor of playing before IL'r Majesty at Windsor ;
and it is a curious coincidence — and may be
used as an illustration ol the difference between
the Canadian and American systems of treating
the Indians — that on the very day (2."ith June)
on which these two teams of white and red men
were i)laying together in friendly rivalry for the
amusement of their Queen, the red men of the
Un.ted States were engaged in fierce combat
with the soldiers of their country, and the
deadly tomahawk of the Sioux was dying the
Western prairies with the life-blood of Custer
and his men.

CHAPTEK LI I.

(iOVKl.'XMHXT OF Till-; KAIiL OF DCFFFRIX—
FOl'RTII SFSSIO.X, THIRD PA IJLIAMFNT, 1S77.

1. Opening ok P.\RiiiAMENT. The Speech

FROM THE Throne. — 2. The llrntJE'i. — :5.

DeHATE 0\ THE BuDdET— 4. DeH.VTE ON THE

TAHiFE. — 5. The Independence of Paki.ia-

MENT.— (i. PaCIKIC KaIIAVAY. — 7. PUOROOA-

TU)N. Bills i\v.><sed.

1. — The fourth session of the third Parliament
of the Dominion was opened at Ottawa on the
8th February by His Excellency ,i|„.,||„j,„|
the Governor-General who in his s';,'!,';.',',";;',',',;, ,','1.'"
Speech from the Throne referred ■^''"■""'^•
to the pleasure he had experienced liy his visit
to British Columbia; to the prt)secution of the
surveys for the Canada Pacific, and of work on
the Welland and Lachine canals, and the advi-
sability of deferring for the present other pul)lic
works contemplated at Confederation ; the lixtra-
dition Treaty with the United States aiul the
completion and opening of the Intercolonial
Railway were referred to ; and pleasure expressed
at the creditable jiosition ttiken by Canada at
the Centennial Exhibition. Regret was express-
ed that nothing had yet been done towards
appointing the Fisheries Commission under the
Washington Treaty. Acts were foreshadowed
amending the Joint Stock Companies Act ; the
Life Insurance Companies Act : navigation of
Inland waters; Customs; Geological Survey;
Weights and Measures, &c. The Address in
reply to the Speech was moved in the Senate
on the i'th by Hon. Mr. Hopi', seconded by Hon.
Mr. Haythorne and carried. In the Commons
by Mr. Guthrie, seconded by Mr. liediard.
After a short discussion, in the coursi' of which
Sir John A. Macdonald characterized the Speech
as '• A meagre Bill of Fare,"' the Addre.-^s was
carried without division.

2.— On the 20th February Hon. Mr. Cart-
wright made his Budget Siieech. The revenue
for the pa.st year had been !$22,-

i , , The DihU-el.

58 (,000, and the expenditure,
$24,(88,000, showing a deficiency of §1,001,000,
which he attributed to two causes, first, that
the continued depression in trade had caused
the revenue to be much less than had been
expected; and second, that there had been
several extraordinary expenditures during the

502

TUTTLK'S HISTORY OF THE DOinXIOX OF CANADA.

ir \

year wliich wore iioi likely to ocriir ag-aiu. Tho
oxci'ptiouiil rhartrcs wore $l;34,000 for boundary
surveys: $210,000 for Ceiitoniiial expenses;
$080,000 for pu1)lic works ; $200,000 for chang-
ing the gauge of the Intercolonial and substi-
tuting steel rails for iron, making a total of
§1,674,000 out of tho $1,901,000 which ho con-
sidered may bo fairly treated as - '.^optional
ex])onditures. lie had no idea that this large
deiicit was likely ■ to become ehronic,'' but was
duo to tho dojurssiou in trade from which we
must shortly recover. The falling off in
revouTio had been almost all in Customs receipts,
which had f\illon from $15.3.31,000 to $12,823,-
000, being a loss of $2,500,000 in one year,
which was something enormous and unprece-
dented. He reviewed tho financial position for
tho past ten years, showing that bank circulation
had increased from $14,000,000 to $26,000,000, or
nearly 100 per cent. ; deposits from $29,089,000 to
$70,450,000, being 130, per cent., while the de-
posits in Government SaA'ings' Banks had grown
from $1,680,000 to $7,178,000, or fully 400 per
cent ; shipping had increased 65 per cent., and
the exports of tho four original Provinces had
increased from $45,000,000 to $65,000,000, or
forty-five per cent. He argued from this that
although the country was suffering at the
moment it had increased very greatly in ma-
terial wealth ; and thought that " we have seen
probably the worst of tho present depression."
He entered at ^considerable length into details
as to the loan he had latolj'' effected in London,
which he claimed had been accomplished on
very favorable terms, and with tho arrange-
ments now made he did not think that the
ordinary expenditures would, in future, much
exceed $23,000,000 per annum. The estimates
for 1877-78 amounlod to $23,167,000, which was
an increase of $136,000, of which $86,000 was
for Indians. The Excise and Customs duties he
|>roposod changing were the abolition of tho
I'Acise duty on coal oil, and the n'duction of
tho duty on imported oil from fifteen to six
cents i>er gallon. On malt it was proposed to
place a tax of one cent per pound, and three
cents per gallon on beer. The duty on cotton

and linen thread to be raised from ten to seven-
teen and a half per cent. ; on cigars a specific
duty of fifty cents per pound and twenty per
cent, ad valorem- ; perfumery, twenty-five per
cent. From these and a few other slight
changes, he expected to realize about $500,000
additional, which he thought would be suffi-
cient to cover any dotroase in the revenue.

3. — Hon. Dr. Tupper quite agreed with the
Finance Minister that the financial condition of
the country was greatly to be p„,,„„„„„,„
deplored ; ho wont further than '^">'»'^''
that, and thought that it vras a source of much
mortification that a Finance Minif'?r should
have to dis; lose such a state of affairs, and not
be prepared to offer any remedy. Hoferring to
the det'onnial period just closed, as the Minister
of Finance had done, he said it A'as divided
into two periods — seven j'oars of almo 't unpre-
cedented and unexampled prosperity, and three
years of what the Finance ^linistor had most
properly called " deep distress ; " — and the
dividing line between these two periods was
very clt>arly marked by the accession to power
of tho present Administration, and a change in
the financial policy of the country. lie then
compared tho two periods, claiming that during
the first seven years of Confederation the Grov-
ernment of which he had been a member had
been able to meet all expenditures liberally —
even extravagantly, it had been charged — and
to spend $13,000,000 on public works out of
current receipts, besides placing $3,000,000 to
tho credit of tho Sinking Fund, which was
equal to a reduction of the debt by $16,000,000.
This was accomj^lishod with only a fifteen per
cent, tariff; Jnit ho held that fifteen per cent,
then gave greater protection to the manufac-
turer than twenty per cent, would now, on
account of the changed condition of the labour
market in the United h^tatos ; })esidos w^hich, it
had been the policy of the Government to keep
raw materials entering into manufactures on
the free list, especially in the case of machinery
which could not be purchased in Canada, and
which was requiri'd for manufacturing pur-
poses. When the Government found they had

to seveu-
a ispecilif
.venty per
'^-fivo per
i>r slight
§500,000
be sufR-
(iiue.

with the
iditiou of

on the

of miK'h

r should '
and not
'rring to
Minister
divided
't unpre-
nd three
ad most
md the j
ods was '
power I
lange in I
IIo then I
t during j
he Gov- !
ber had
erally —
3d— and
i out of
1,000 to I
ch was I
f^OO.OOO. !
een per !

lanufac- j
ow, on
labour
hich, it
to keep
iros on
;hinery
la, and
g pur-
ey had

GOYEILXMKXT OF HAJ{L OF DUFFHRIN— FOUimi SFSSlOX, TIIIIM) PATJLIA.MKNT.

50:!

more revenue than they required, they did not
'■ reduce the slight protection alforded manufao-
turos, but rather increased it by removing the
duties irom tea and coffee, which was a step in
i the interest of the employes of manufacturers.
With regard to the sixty-five per cent, increase
in shipping, mentioned by the Finance Minister,
' he (Dr. Tupper) thought it was one of the
strongest arguments which could be pioduced in
favour of the policy of the late Grovernment in
keeping articles whichentered into ship-l)uilding
on the free list. He referred to the Washington
Treaty, and the advantages which had accrued
to Canada by the free admission offish to United
States markets. Referring to the attempt to
adopt a '• National Policy " in 1870. and to the
impo.sition of duties on coal, salt, wheat, &c., he
said " the one short year of its continuance was
sufficient to enable parties interested in the
development of the great coal mining industries
of this country, to point triumphantly to the
i fact that no such injurious' results followed as
j had been predicted, ))ut that the American duties
on coal were immediately reduced from $1.25 to
1 75 cents, the duty on potatoes, of which there
was a considerattle export from the Maritime
Provinces, was Inrsidy reduced, and so was that
on lumber and other articles, and instead of the
policy resulting, is predicted by lion, gentlemen
opposite, as an injury to the revenue, the result
proved to be entirely the reverse, and, while
Canada derived $800,000 of revenue upon those
articles sent by the United States into this
country, we saw an immediate amelioration of
the taritf whicli existed then, in favor of Cana-
dian industries." He refi'rred to tht' policy of
the late Government with regard to railways
and public works, and compared it with that of
the present Administration, greatly to the pre-
judice of the latter. He denounced the policy of
the present Crovernment when in Opposition in
causing the repeal of the protective duties on
coal, &c. ; and in defeating the Pacilic Railway
policy oi' the late Administration, a policy
which he chiimed would have caused the
expenditure of $100,000,000 of foreign capital in
Canada, and have stimulated an immigration

which would have built up the North-West.
He reviewed at length the tariff chanaes
which had been made by the present Adminis-
tration, and claimed that by taxing machinery
and raw materials which entered into manufac-
tures, and imposing duties on ships and ship
materials, they had struck heavy blows at
important industries. When more revenue was
wanted the Government instead of continuing
the fostering policy of the late Administration
had imposed duties on tea and coffee, thus
increasing the cost of living to the poor man.
He claimed that the taritf had been so framed,
that instead of affording any relief from the
commercial depression, it rather intensified it by
imposing every conceivable burden, and repress-
ing every industry. He criticised severely the
manner in which the last loan had been placed
on the London market and the terms obtained
and said, " The fact is this, and the people may
as well understand it, that at li-ast two per cent,
on two and a half millions sterling has been
taken out of the pockets of the people of Canada
and distributed among the happy ]>arties who
had the good fortune to obtain this loan." He
commented unfavorably on the proposed taritl"

changes,

that

anv

chan

ges m

that

direction should be made on the basisof a broad
National Policy which would protect our own
industries ; and concluded by prophesying that
the mistaken and iiupatrioti(' policy of the
Government had lost them th(> conlidence of
the country, and that they would not b(> able
much longer to continue thinr downward
course. Hon. Mr. Mackenzie replied to the
Hon. Dr. Tupper characterizing many of his
statements as exaggerated and inaccurate, and
ridiculing the idea of a " National Policy " as
something which the Opposition did not dare
to define, but contented themselves with vague
statements about " litling protection," without
saying what that fitting i)rotection was. Sir
.lohn A. Macdonald replied to Hon. Mr.
Mackenzie after which the motion to go into
Committee of Supply was passed.

4, — On the 2nd March, on Hon. Mr. Cartwright
moving that the House go into Committee of

504

TUTTLE'S lIISTOin' OK TIFK DOMINION OV CANADA.

Dulml« .III (he 'I'lirifV.

Ways and Mi'ans on the tariif
resolutions, Sir John A. Mac-
donald moved an amendment : " That the said
resolution he not now read a second time, but
that it be resolved that the House regrets that
the financial polity submitted by the Govern-
ment increases the burden oi' taxation on the
people, withoiit any compensatinii' advantag-e
to Canadian industries ; and lurther, that this
House is of opinion that the deliciency in the
Kevenue should be met by a diminution oi'
expenditure, aided by such a readjustment ol'
the taritr as will benefit and foster the agricul-
tuial, miuiiiii- and manufacturing interests of
the Dominion." He said that he believed there
was a very general dissatisfaction ti., ^'Jghout
the country at the changes proposed m the re-
solutions, which only increased taxation without
aliordinu' any protection to our strugling
industries. He specially objected to the heavy
tax put on malt, which was much greater than
that on spirits ; and on ale, which made the
duty on that light and wholesome beverage
"seventj' percent, higher than any other country
in the world." He thoiTght that so long as
intoxicating drinks were used, it was best to
enconrau-e the iise of the lighter and most
innoxious kinds in preference to whiskej'^ and
other spirits. He objected to the s])(>cilic duty
of five I'cnts per pound on tea; he thought it
was a harmless and useful beverage, the use of
which should be encouraged, and he more
strongly objected to the manner of levying the
tax which made the poor man pay as much on
his tw.'Uty-live cent tea as the rich man did on
his which cost one dollar or more per pound.
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie defended the policy of the
GoA'i^rnment, and held that a time of depres-
sion was not the proper time for a reconstuc-
tion of the tariff. He attacked the "National
Policy'" idea and held that I'rotection was one
of the relics of the Dark Ages, while Free Trade
showt>d the advance of human I'reedom. The
debate was adjourned until the (Jth, whiMi Mr.
Charlton defended the policy of the (iovernment,
and attributed the existing depression to the late
war in the United States which had caused an

enormous inflation of values and we were now
suffering from the reaction. Hon. T. N. Gibbs
criticised the policy of the Government and
showed how it had killed the direct trade with
lJra;:il in sugar, and with China and .Tap.in in
tea. Mr. Plumb supported Sir John A Mac-
donalds am<>ndment and Mr. Ross (Middlesex)
opposed it. Mr. Wood said that he heartily sup-
ported the Government in their general policy,
but differed from them in their commercial
policy. He could not support the amtmdment
because, " It was a general omnibus including
everything in the country, and might mean any-
thing or nothing, just as circixmstances might
require." He advocated a 20 per cent, tariff, and
concluded in moving in amendment to the
amendment " That, inasmuch as it is deemed
necessary to raise an additional revenue, it is
the opinion of this House that the interests of
the country would Ijc better served by imposing
additional duties upon such goods and wares as
may be produced in Canada, thereby affording
increased protection, while securing the addi-
tional revenue required." The debate was con-
tinued by Messrs. Colby, and Thompson
(Welland), Sir John A. Macdonald — who read a
letter from Mr. George Stephen, one of the
largest manufacturers in Canada, saying that
manufacturers generally wn-e in favor of a tax
of 75 cents a ton on coal, provid(>d it was made
part of a general tariff reform, — and Mr. John
Macdonald (Toronto) and again adjourned. The
debate was continued on the 9th, 13th and loth
when Mr. Wood's amendment to the amend-
ment was lost, Yeas, 78 ; Nays, KtJt. Dr. Orton
moved an amendment to the amendment to the
effect that the tarifl' should be so ri'-arranged as
to relieve Canadian farmers from thi; one-sided
and unjust t'fl'ects of the United States' tariff.
The debate was continued on th(^ 2'2nd when
Dr. Orton's amendment was lost, 74 for, to 113
against. Sir John A. Macdonald's amendment
was then lost, Yea.s, 70; Nays, 119; and Hon.
Mr. Cartwright's motion on the first resolution
amending the tariff adopted, Yeas, 120; Nays,
69. On the further consideration of the tariff
resolution,s, on 3rd April, Mr. Wallace moved

! were now
'. N. Gibbs
imt'nt and
trade with
Japan in
II A. Mac-
'liddlest'x)
iirtilj' sup-
ral policy,
Jmmercial
tiondraent
including
neau any-
!es might
tariff, and
t to the
? deemed
nul^ it is
terests of
imposincf
wares as
litbrdinjr
he addi-
was con-
lompson

read a
3 of (he
ng that
of a tax
IS made
r. John
d. The
lid Ifith
amciul-
. Orton
: to the
igi'd as
e-fsided

tariff.

when
to 113
dment

1 Hon.
lution
Nays,

tariff
iioved

<tf

'^ii,-*

:■■■■ ^i^r-^^^ "^ ~''-- ^i^'h

'■Vfc«'''!i^','

■"■>.;,

;i^

"■^'p

i*^^*

^^.

■•»*

\^.

^-:

'i„:'-^:'«»<'

■ '**i*ii-(»'

TV-

■,ni

< iii.»iii I -A.

"" ^'um ol ■ •>•'--• •'■ . \'e were now ;!
!i!'^ nv. . ;• T. N. (^i!>l)^ ji
'• ■if the ' '< vovnmout ami j
i' .\ ! h;ir.i ru
'.' .■ riutnb suppoi' I-

. ,» union.Jmoiit aud Mr. H is«i ^iVlii'tii
• 1 '■ Mr. Wood rirtid tha,i !i; '. ■
tJvp 4'i.orf.rnri>«->»tt *■■,' '■:

.1 vfreai.-'

•n

•r:h Tjia-'

.ri

^ruv- !..

■ .: . lit- %;!;i.-;.» Til'. iUpp^^Tt tue flrnLuJ..acjK ;.
.;.i..'. ■ It vvft* a •,'/• • <I u-Uiiii'Us incliKliii,^ ,
' _7thiiigi?( liiO I.I .iVami:_h' ir.iMn iuiv- 1

■>!Er ■.'r«.< 'thing, : -
. .•t|iu';>i '■ |J.<.j a<tvoC:iii-i ■. , I !( ,
t<>QclQ<''Hl in n \ iag in am k'
amftmlnumt " That, iiia-^much
nr'i;tm-.vF^- t<"> raiae an ruvljtjuiiui ,<.K-ir.... i; i-.
Ih.' opi 'ion of this HouRf '^i''t ;!■ .'•iinesl.-- ol' !
; f:cv try would bf boTt nnprt-inv !

,11 Ij atidif.il. !ial dtttie.<! upon ■• !■ h '^oodv rmd Wii
' ■ ! i .- he p)0(.luced . C'liadii, ih"rt'l>v .nirui'Mnj

i-'^a."' '1 r

re-!

i-'i.

..Mi

■i v', lo the CKCi.T

in rt*a; be tlioiip'i

10 !• '

,4;.>«i loanoxa . rinai'.-

Hi. ..alactttrfrs ■/■ arraiiy vvri,' ill ku iji oi :l •; •
oi"r6 cents i< Ion on coal, jno- -id' iH .t wr. m.^.'-
'levefa^iB, the i - •. ; > of' a {■ ,» Uiri.!!' i\ ^

• •' i'.nd he more It ^li^<.Oonald (TMro^to) lU'J [i.^a.-aadiuiiriim. \h>'
.Ki-^r of l«\-yinQr the 1} dtb.u<' '.v"as . n'lluttt-'' "u ih.' Sih, ^Ih -nd ITitli ;
p:in p(i% F> ^ ru'ioii ou [j wh' ' Hr, vVi"dV • ;ndnu>i*' to".lh(\ |rll•""!■
'!.^ . '■! .u:'i: (] id ou 1 m'vUfc waf ': V Nuy^j U»iJ[i He '■ >

■ vriji." li ino\t.'<l an .•iiiK-': Til, m 'If'avi'^diiunit to .

1 ;' i.he ll t'-'V ' i *h-'' Ihr lA i^iif ■\,.>iy'i] be »<• ■t.'-amtisif.v! ..

>'■ ,■ -H- I, 1 . :i' > ■' ' 'cVuadiftTi ''.rmeri, }i-cu,' ,hr- (^•■^-■'■ii-:'

ill • i'tj>;ottai.«'- ', .iiiU imjust \ li'^cii* of ib'^ TJiiitpd Stn*.'' ; .-i'l

\ diDn!)'] ' Th'" '^ l,iiL6\sis p;ln^l^a.e•l I'li di..- -ljuI win u

! iUis ani.Midru^atwjvs lost, "'1 Inv. lit 1 ':

.,-<l ■^- f: ^ Madilfcnald".- •

laiuiiji If. ■ •• .i. X{ic ,. •.^. i-bcu ^o'a, 'itiJi.>, 7U ; JSnys, tlu. ;u-.4 rlon

dil tb'"' (>;' '■<•*.' M' ' M ■ '•.••1 ! \V'' 'll » ! 'liir,!: n>i {'■;■■ itr.; ....m! h'-;"

V nftJi,> ■•■ ^ .

-x'^

■ v-vero if

imtMlT HM'l

Japan m j;
ti A Msw.

sup- I

no, I.'
iiicitKlvii/

ran v
I t I rhv
. ,1 .,

m.. .
t'M-esli!j ol'
iniposirt'.'

Wit'. . -

: > '';■■;.•

iiu; i.hn;
ol M hv

I ill. ■

I.- '■ .-r

•ul I'/l.',

S ' » i ■ ■ ■
I to , .'.

vv;- u

to ) !,;
■i'r.i 11/
) Hon
|)!.it;;ii

■ r;.,-ii;

fiOVEUXMKNTOF'^TIIR KARL OF DUFFHIilX— lAJUIlTII SKSSIOX, TIllIU) PAULIAMMNT. .-)().-)

an amondmtMit that tho duty on tea bo made
ad vnlorcm iiisload orspccific, wliiih wa di'loati'd
by 114 to tlij, and the resolutions adopted
without division.

5. — The matter of the Government printing
in Now Brtmswick having oeen giving to the

Thoin.iopouieno.. Frteimm newspaper, of whieh
, f I'ariiami.nt. jj^^ j^,. Angllu, Speaker of the

House, was Editor iiud proprietor, had been
attracting the attention of the press for some
time ; and, on the 7th April, ]\Ir. Mackenzie
Bowell brought the subject Ix-fore the House
by moving that the holding of the contract by
the Speaker was a l)reiich of the Independence
of Parliament Act. Mr. Mackenzie complained
of the i'actious disposition of the Opposition;
and said that as soon as the matter had been
brought under the notice ot the Govi-rnment the
contract had been cancelled. Mr. Ulake sug-
gested that the matter should be refi'rred to the
Committee on Privileges and Elections. The
debate was adjourned to the 9th. when Mr.
BowelTs motion was deiV-ated. — Yeas ~tz ; Nays
111. Subsequently, on a motion by Mr. Casey,
the matter was referred to the Committee on
Privileges and Elections. The Committee did
not report until the last day of the ses.sion, and
before the report could be read the House was
summoned for prorogation, the Opposition pro-
testing aiiainst this manifest desire to shield
the Speaker. During recess lion. Mr. Anulin
resigned, and was re-elected. The question of
infringement of the IndependiMice of Parliament
Act, which rendered members lia1)le to a line of
$2,000 a day for illegally sitting and voting in
the House became a very serious one during the
session. Members on both sides of the Ilo.rse
were charged with having contracts with the
Government, and upwards of thirty were so
charged. The matter became so serious that
at last a Kelief Bill indemnifying members
from pecuniary liabilities for sitting and voting
when they had been under the belief that
they were legally entitled to do so, was
passed.

6.— On the 20th ol April, in Committee of
Supply, on the item for $1,524,000 for the

I'lii'ili.' Uiiilw.'iy.

Pacific Railway, Hon. Mr. Mac
kcnzie entered into very ful!
explanations of the i)roposed route, and the
reasons for selecting it. The route from Fort
William, on the Kaministicpiia, was through a
country much more easy of access than the
Nepigon route. The spring opened i>arlier. and
the work would be comparatively light. The
country betwei'u Tlurnder Bay and lied River,
except in the valley of the Kaministiipiia, was
generally of a rough character, though land
would probal)ly be availalde for .settlement to a
much greater extent than was commonly sup-
posed. One hundred and sixteen miles from
Lake Superior westward was under contract
for .$1,307,793— without the rails. From Sel-
kirk, on Red River, to Keewatin, on Winnipeg
River, a distance of seventy-seven miles, was
let. The total amount contracted for was
$3,302,508. To this had to be added steel rails,
at a cost of $1,385,775; engineering, $342,750;
rolling stock, $457 000 ; right of way, $05,000 ;
and station buildina-s $50.000 ; — making the
entire cost of 22.SJ miles $5,003,003, or a little
less than $25,000 per mile. The route through
British Columbia would not be finally decided
until after the summer's .survey of 1877. There
was no doul)t that the Peace River country was
the finest part of the whole North-West; but
further surveys through that and Pine River
Pass would put back the railway two or three
years. Mr. Roscoe strongly protested against
any further delay in locating the 1'. ? in British
Columbia. Mr. DeCosmos urged the superiority
of Bute Inlet as the terminus on the mainland,
over Burrard Inlet, and pointed out many errors
fallen into by the Premier with regard to the
population, fertility, etc., ol the route to the
latter point. The item was agreed to, and also
$100,000 for surveys.

7. — Amongst the other important subjects
discussed was that of opening the proceedings
of the House with prayer, which i.,„,,„.,„ti„„. Diii,
was introduced l)y Mr. John i''''""'J-
Macdonald (Toronto) and refer, ed to a Com-
mittee, whose recommendation that a form of
prayer to ))e read by the Speaker be adoj)ted

51)1;

TIT'I'I.KS IIISTOI.'V UK TIIF-: DOMINION Ol' r.\N\!).\.

Wiis iicccptcd. Tho (jut'stinii of unnitiiiL'' to W.
r>. O'Doiioliiic (lie saiMi' AmiK'fity \vhi<h had
Jteoii i'xtcii(li(l to Iv'ifl iiiul Lcpiiio was brought
up hy Mr. (V).sli<vaii on 12th April, ard, al'tor a
IdiiU' dismssion the motion was nogativod by
105 to fiO. I'arliauieiit was prorouned on thi'
:.'8th April, His Excellency giving assent to
eighty-six 15ills. Amon'jrst the most important
>* ts i)ast were, one relating to the (Jovernmont
of the North-Wost Territories, one relating to
Ordinance and Admiralty lands ; one constitu-
ting the Geolo<:ieal Survey a liraneh of the
I)ei)artiiient oi' the Interior; one amending the
Customs Act, 1867; one jiroviding for the
Inspection of pi'troleum ; one with reference to
Wi-ii;iits and mui'suves ; one vvitii rel'erenct( to
cuttinu' and measuring timber ; iind several
Alts relatins t) harbors, piers, steamboat
insi)ertion, pilots i*te. An Act against betting
and pool selling aas passed rendering per.sons
offending liable to imprisonment for not more
than a year, and a line of not over $l,Oi)0. Arts
were also passed against gambling in publir
conveyances and against liambling houses. An
Act amending the Insolvency Act of lH7o ; and
also an Act relating to Life Insurance Companies,
•xViCi another wi*h reference to issuing letters
patent were passed.

CHArTEK LIII.

(;(^vi:rnmi:nt of tiir karl or duffrrix.

— I'KlNCll'AL EVKNTS OF 1S7T.

1. Dominion I'oaku of Tkadk.— 2. Firi;;;. — 3.
])i-KMN(t OF St. John, N.B. — 4. Ow-Woe
KioTs. Hackett shot. — .'). Marine disas-
ters. — 6. The Fi.><heries award. — 7. Other

EVENTS OF the YE.VR.

1. — The seventh annual meeting of the Do-
minion Board of Trade was opened in the
Railway Committee Room, Otta-
wa, on the 17th January, the
President presidi.iQ-, and the usual number of
delegates present. The session was shorter

Domini jn BonrJ <>f
Trarlc.

than usual, only lastinu' two days, and ilie num-
ber of subjeets discussed was .somewhat limili'd.
Amongst the most important matters discussed
was a motion by Mr Stairs liint the D miinion
Government ))o petitioned to re-arranue the
duties on sugar so as *o fo.ster the relining
interest. Mr. Patter.son moved in ameiulment
that the (Jovernment be recommended to adopt
a National Policy, whiih was lost, twenty for, to
twenty-one against. ^lajor Walker moved an
amendment to the effect that the IJoard was
satisfied with the 17^ per cent, tarill',
which was lost, nineteen for, to twenty-(me
against. Mr. Thomas White, jr., then moved
" That in the opinion of this Board the principle
of Protection lo the manufactures of this coun-
try is of vitnl importance to its prosperity, and
that in any revision of the tariff this principle
should be embodied, especially in the case of
such articles as the unfair and uiuMjual compe-
tition has pressed most heavily upon."' which
was adopti^d by twenty-one to fourteen. Reso-
lutions were also adopted recommiMidinii' the
establishment of a system of Government Mfe
Insurance ; for the protection and breeding of
fish ; for a system of .■lub-marine telegraph in
the river and gulf of St. Lawrence ; and against
he .joint purse arrangement entered into be-
tween the Direct Cnble and Anulo-Americau
Cable Companies, whi<h. it was claimed, was a
violation of the Charter granted the former
Company. Mr. Adam Brown, of Hamilton, was
elected President .

2. — The fires of 1>!77 were not iinusually
numerous or extensive — except the burning of
St. John N. 15.. of which we
speak elsewhere — but were un-
usually disastrous Avith regard to the loss of
life. On the night of the 8th March, a lara'c
live occurred in St. John N. B., by which damage
to the extent of !$280,000 was done, and five
lives lost. Early on the morning of the 20th
April, a fire broke out in the store of the
Dominion Oil Cabinet Company, St. Urban
Street, Montreal, and the buildina-, which
was a mere shell, was entirely destroyed. Loss
$10,000. On account of the inflammable nature

Kiri'."

(;o\ KI.'NMKNT ol' TIIK KAKI- ol' IHIKFKIil.N- I'K'I.NCI I'AI, i:\ KNI'S nl" 1S77.

:,i»7

of the mati'iiiil iiiid (hf tliiii^onms iiciiihlxuliood
in which I lie lire occuni'd. lln' whule Fire
]{rii>-ii(K' WHS called out, and while they wen; at
work ill a Miiall alley way known as Scotts'
Lane, Ihu tall wall ol the Cahinet Comiiany's
! hnildiim I'ell on a nuiuher ol' the liriiiiulii and
some citizens who were assislinu' thein. Four
firenii'ii and live citizens were killed on the
spot, and the Chiel' ol' tlic liriuade and seven
other liremeii injured, two ol' them so seriously
that they died a lew da- alter, and three
others weri" laid up in hospital lor some months.
At another small lire in M(»ntreal,on November
2nd, a man and a woman were sullocated. Hull
had two lariic lires during the year, the first on
the Isl June where Eddy's sta])le were destroyed
and 43 line horses huriil to death, involving a
i loss of $20.00(1; and the second on the --iOth
: July, where several hoixses were destroyed and
$00,000 daraaue <lone. Larue bush iires raced
during the year in Ontario, Nova Scotia and on
I the North Shore of Lake Superior and great
damage was done.
I 8. — The one great lire of the year, however,
I before which all o.hers api)ear as trilles, was
the almost entire destruction of
St. John, X.15.. on the iOth June,
' a calamity which was by far the most stu-
i pendoirs and complete which had occurred
• since the Imrning of Chicago, and by which a
large and nourishing city was in a few hours
almost wiped off the face of the earth. The lire
I spread over an extent of upwards of 200 acres.
' and l,t!10 houses, including nearly all the
; churches and public ])uildinus were burnt.
; Nearly half the people of the city were rendered
1 homeless, and for awhile their suli'erings were
' very great ; but contributions of money, food
and clothing poured in from every city, town
{ and village in Canada, and from many places in
the United States and England. The total loss
by the lire was over !S2o, 000,000, and nine or
ten lives were sacriliced. About four months
[ after the St. John lire, the town of Portland,
, N.IV, was similarly destroyed, the number of
I houses burnt being 2-)0, and the loss of pro-
perty $:500,000, which fell with particular

The liiirnimt cil' St.
.Iohn..\.li.

hardship on the people, as they were mostly of
the poorer classes and less able to bear lln' loss
than the people of St. John.

4. — IJnIortunalely religious feeling ran \ery
high in Montreal this year, and from beiiiu' one
of the most (luiel and orderly ,, „. ,
cities for its size on this Contiii- "'"''<^'" 'i'"'-
ent. it became almost given o\er to lawlessness,
on aceouni of the constant (juarrels between the
Orangemen and the Irish Catholic Union.
These (luarrels led to frecjueut lights, and
revolvers began to be freely used — especially
towards the last part of the year. I'or many
years it had been the custom of the few
Orangemen in the city to talk ol' having a
procession on the 12th of July, but they were
either intimidated or persu.ded not to attemi»t
it, on account of the ill-feelii,'-. and proltably
worse, which it would provoke. This year
their was more talk about it than usual and
c'xcitement ran very high. It was thought uj)
to the last minute that they would attempt to
walk, and the streets and stjuares, especially
Victoria Square, were crowded with gaims (d'
roughs who were determined to prtneiit a
procession. The Orangemen did not ^valk in
procession, l)ut they attended church and,
unfortunately, some of them wore Orange lilies
which excited the ire of the lawless crowd, and
several young men and ladies were assaulted.
One of the.se young men, L. K. Hackett was so
assaulted in Victoria Scjuare and tried to escape
into a store, but the door was shut in his face,
and almost at the same moment he was shot by
some one in the crowd. This murder of llackett
caused the most intense excitement, not only in
Montreal but throughout the Orange body in
Ontario. It was decided to give Hackett a
grand funeral, and delegates from a number of
Oraujre Lodges in Ontario were sent down to
Montreal on the loth to attend the funeral. It
was considered almost certain that there would
be a riot, and all the volunteers were called
out ; but, although there was an immense
crowd and some rowdyism, no murder was
committed this time. ]

5. — The mar' lie disasters of the year were not

51)8

11 TTI.KS IIIS'I'OI.'V {>{■ TIIK hOMlMoN oF (ANAhA.

Aliii'iiic tli-ii.-t('i>

Tlic Kishcric

tlWtU'il.

more imiiiiToiis dvnn usual, and the loss ol
lil'c was considoraltly less. Tlif
wliolc miiiihov (>r disasters to
sontyoiiiii' vcsNols ill {'aiuuliaii wattMs, or to
Caiiadini vessels in other waters was •V2~.
involviiiii' a loss of !jiL',01!t,i'i70. The lumiher
of lives lost was 100, of which •2<> were lost in
Canadian waters and 74 in waters other than
Canadian. Amonust the losses were the new
bnrt|ue Aiiiiitstine, which leil Geori-t'town, V. E.
I., on the 18th of Decemher, iSTti, with a erew
of eleven and a earjio of oats for ]>ristol. and
lievei was heard of; hriyantiue JClltel Bolton
which sailed from St John N. B., for Canada,
oil the .')th of December, ISTH, w'th a erew of
eight, foundered at sea. On the Inland waters
of the Dominion there were forty-two casualties.
involving the loss of seventeen lives and
property to th" value of §i'71.-14.

0. — After the failure of Hon. Mr. Rrown's
mission to Washington to endeavour to nego-
tiate a new Keciprocity Treaty
mi the ground ol Canada liivinu'
up her rlaim to a money compensation for the
Fisheries, under the :22nd Article of the Treaty
of AVasliingtoii, the Cxovi'minent at once took
steps to have the Commission provided for in
that Article meet and determine what compen-
sation, if any. Canada was entitled to. The
ConiinissioiK'rs appointed were Sir A. T. (hilt, on
behalf of Great Britain, with Mr. Ford and Mr.
Bergne as his Agents; Hon. F. H. Kellog, on j
behalf ol the United States, with Hon. Dwight
Foster as Agent, and li. H. Dana, jr. as Counsel ;
and His Excellency Maurice Delfo.sse, Belgian \
Minister to Washington. Messrs. Joseph Doutre, i
Q. C; S. R. Thompson, q. C; L. H. Davies,
and K. L. AVealherbec acted as Coun.sel for ,
Canada, and Hon. W. V. Whiteway, (v>. C., for;
Newfoundland. The Commission met in Halifax
in June, and the decision of the Commi.ssioners
was uiven on the 2ord November, when it was
de. lared l)y two of the Commissioners tliat
Canada should receive $5. 500, 000 as compen-
sation for the use of the Fisheries for twelve
year* — six of which had expired. The Ame-
rican Commissioner protested against the award

on the ur<>uiid that Canada already enjoyed
greater privileges under the Treaty of ^Vash-
iiiiiton lliaii the United States, and was not
entitled to any remuneration at all. He also
(■laiiiied that the Cninmissioners must be una-
niniuus ill their decision to i:i\e tiie award any
eliect — an opinion which was shared liy a
portion of the American press and by Coii-
liiess. The American Government iirotesled
ayainst the award and Coimress rejected the
lirst application to pay the amount, but (inally
thought lietter of the meanne.ss of repudiatinii'
the delil — especially as there was an uiiev-
peiuled lialance of over ';'.5,000,00o out of the
Geneva award in the Tn^asury — and the vote
was passed. The money was paid over in
London on the ISth November. 187.S, hy the
American Minister, accompanied l)y a protest
that thi> United States would not recoiiiiize lln'
award as any criterion as to the value of the
Fisneries.

7. -Amongst the other important events of
the year may be mentioned the success of the
Steamer Norllurn A/g/(/ in navi- ,„i„.r,.u.„i. ,,r
gatiiiu' the Lcwer St. Lawrence ""■ vrar.
in the winter, and in kecpiiiL;- opi'ii communica-
tion with I'rince luhvard Lslaiid with very little
interruption. Serious labor riots occurred in
Quebec, and there were small demonstrations of
unemphiyed woikinu-men in Montreal and
Ottawa, but no serious disturbance occurred.
Fortunately for Canada we escaped the terrible
railroad riots which occurred in Fittsburg and
other American cities : and althouuh the mem-
bers of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engin-
eers in Canada sympathized with the American
iiioveiiient. and a u'c'iieral strike took place on
the Canada Soutiiern, and tlieie was trouble on
other roads, there was no rioting. The manag-
ers showed a desire to treat the men fairly, and
arbitration soon settled the matter amicably.
'J'wo railroad events of more than ordinary
importance occurn'd duriim- the year, the lir.st
beinu' the arrival at WinnipeL;, Manitoba, on the
I'.'th October of the lirst locomotive for the
Canada Pacilic Railway ; and the second was
the ruiMiiii"- of the first Ihrouuh train from

(lOX Ki;\.MK.\l' ol'TIlK I;A1M, or DII'lrlUIN- 111 Til SKSSloN, TlllKM I'AIILIA.M KNT. .Mt'.i

Moiitn-iil to Hull, ()\cr liic (^iifhcc. Montreal
1111(1 ()i lidcntal U'ailway, (old Noitlicrn Colimi-
zatioii) on the :!r(l DoccmlM'r, pultiuL!' the c.ipital
within live lioiiis ol' Montreal. Aiiotlicr .siLiiii-
ficiint cvfiit was tlic lirsl (lirtcl exportation ol'
wheat IVoin Miiniloha to Europe, which look
plaro on the Isih ( I tolii-r. Durinu' the summer
His Excoileney took n trip to Manitoba and
paid visits to the Meiinoiiito. Iielandie and
other settlements, and thtls aeeomplishiHl a task
whii ii no (iovernor-tieneiiil had helore uttempt-
cd — that of visiting' tnery Province ni the
Dominion. Tho year, on the whole, was not a
l»rosperous Olio lorCanada; the crops were poor,
the iisherit's yielded I'airly, hut the lumber
trade continued dull, and trade and commerce
a^enerally worse than in any pn'cediim' year.
The only gleam of sunshine seemed to he in
the stronu' (,'oiiservative reaction which had set
in and was daily gaininii' lorce. and I'rom the
success of which it was hoped that a new era of
prosperity would be iinuuiurated.

CIIAriEIi LIV.

(i()\i;i.'NMi:\'r of tiik kaim, of Dri'FFiMX

— FIFTH SF,SSlo.\.TIIilil» I'AKl.lA.MFXT, 1S7S.

1. Ori':MN(i OK rAi!]-i.\.Mi:NT. 8im:I':('1i fko.m
Till-: TiiKu.NK. — -2. TiiK ljri)(ii:T. — :!. Di:i!.\Ti': j

ON Till-: liUDOKT. — 4. TjU: JtlSMISS.M. OK TUI':

(iuEi!i;i' ^Ii.MsriiV nv Lii:ur.-(iovi;i;\oK

hKTKM-IICH. — 5. l)i:i!.VTK o.\ Till-: LkTEI.LIKB
C.VSK. — 0. Tin: 'I'WENTY-TWU lIotlKS SITTI.Nd.

— 7. The case nut settled.— 8. I'liouooA-

TloN.

1. — The third rarliament of the Dominion

met for the la.st time on the Tth of February,

but the rommons havin^• no

I'nriiiiiiuMit. .SMi'eoh opcaker, on account ol J Ion.

t'roiii llic 'rhr'>iii-. ,_ * 1- • • L-,'

Mr. Aimlins resignation. Sir
W. Vt. liichards. Di'puty Governor, dismis.sed
the Commons to elect a Speaki-r. Some discus-
sion occurred on tho return of the Commons to
their Chamber as to the right of the Clerk ol
the House to read tho returns of members
elected, but he read them, and Htm. Mr. ^lac-

kenzie (hen moved tiie appointment of Ibm. T.
W. Anulin as Speaker The nomination was
ojiposed l)y Sir John A. Mactlonahl, on tin'
ground that Mr. Anulin was not a member of
the House, not liavinu been iniroduced. accord-
iiii;' to the rules of the House, and some discus-
sion ensued, alter which the House divided,
and Hon. Mr. .Anulin was declared elected by a
vote of lltl to M. On the 8th. the Parliainenl
was formally opened by His l']xce||ency in
person. In the Speech from the 'fhromv His
l"]xcellency expresseil his pleasure on haxina
been able to visit Manitoba; congratulated the
House on the settlement of the Fisheries (jues-
tioii, and on the creditable display made by
Canada at the exhibition in New South Wales;
referred to the prej)arations which had been
going on for some time foi- the representation of
Canada at the Paris I'^xpos' ' «n ; referred to the
St John. \.P>. lire, and the contribution of
^2(1,000 by the (iovernment for the relief of the
suH'erers ; sjtoke of a new tri'aiy with the
Indians, and to the settling of a body of Sioux
Indians under Sittinu' Hull on Canadian soil to
I'scape United States soldiers: announced that
the surveys for the Pacilic Railway had been
completed, and the CJovernment would be able
to locate the line ; and rejoiced at the bountiful
harvest and a sliaht improvement in the
revenue. Of new legislation an A( t was pro.
mised relating to the keeping of the public
accounts; Acts with reference to the registra-
tion of titles, enactment ol a Homestead loan,
and the i)roinotion of railways in the North-
West ; a Temiierance Act, and Aits relating to
the Independence of Parliament, and for some
changes in the Delia rtmeiits. In the Senate the
Address in reply to thi' Speech from the Throne
was moved on the eleventh by Hon. Mr.
Thibaudeau seconded by Hon. Mr. Lewin,
and after some discu.-sion was adopted. In
the Commons the Address was moved on the
11th by Mr. iJe St. Oeoruv, and seconded by
Mr. Charlton. Thi' deliate lasted live days, a
lariio number of members spi'akiim', and a vast
variety of subjects, personal and otherwist',
touched on. but no amendment was otlered and

510

Tl TTLKS IIIS'I'OK'Y OKTllK DOMINION OF ('ANA l>A.

Til.' liihk-rr.

tlio Address wns iidoi)l('(l witliout division.
•2.— On tlif -JiMid (.r l-'rhiuiuy, Hon. Mr. Cart
wriiihl, Finanr(> Minister, uiai'e his lUuliiel
Speecii. He commenced hy re-
liTettiiiii- that his propliecy i>i' live
years auo. \vhile in Opposition, tlial the extra-
vagance tiieii l)einu' indulii'ed in wonld lead to
disastrous veMills to the tountry liad ]>roved
only to true, and that the eountry was still
reeling tiie ill eilet ts of tliat policy. lie referred
to the enormous shrinkaue in the volume of
trade, as shown by the Imports and Exports,
which had laUen place since 187o. the amount
have been reduced horn $:ils,O0i),O0(l to ^ICS,-
000,00(1. and. oi' course, the revenue had propor-
tionately decreased. In this, however, he saw
some siiiiis ol chan<>'e. the rt'venue having very
considerably incri'ased lor the seven months ol'
1877-S ; tlie excess over the same period last
year beinn' nearly $1,000,000. He admitted
that tliis was largely attributable to the her.vy
importations to rejtlace the immense destruction
at St. John, but thought that would not account
for tile whi>le ol' it. and that a genuine reac-
tion had set in. He rel'erred to the loan of
187il, and (|uoted some statistics with refer-
ence to the i)laciiig of recent I'oreitin loans
in the I'^nulish market, to show that the loan
had l)een placed on the very best possible
terms. Turning to accounts lor the last year
he showed that the "Ordinary Expenditure"
A'ery little exceeded the estimates, and was
.$1,7;54,0!»(i less than in ls7:)-(;. Although the
expenditure had been thus kept down the
revenue, especially from Customs, had shrunk
so mu<h that there was a deficit of $1,400,000
on ihe vears transactions. He attributed this
not onlv to the depression but to the bad harvest
ol l.S7ii. With reference to the Estimates for
1878-7;i, he thouiiht tiiat, with a tolerably good
harvest, he could safely calculate on !3;1.'),7.')0.000
Irom Customs, and a total of !ti:io,8o0,00 from all
soun es. With regard to the position on the 1st
.Inly, 1878. he said tiiat he found he would need
iJoOjOOO.OOO which would have to be provided
for by fre.sli l,,ans ; of this sum !5;l:i.r)00.(IOU was
to meet maturing bonds; $.">,")OO,00O to coiu-

i! plete the Welland and Eachine canals ;!ftt!,000,000

for Paciiic Railway ; and iJ.'>,000,01tO for miscel-

j laneons purposes. He entered at length into

' comparisons of the exin-nditures in ls72-7iJ and

187.')-74 and the last fiscal year, to show that the

great bulk of the imrease had been incurred by

his predeces.sors. He compared our taxation with

I that of the United States and other countries, and

' cla'med that it was light in comparison. He

j admitted that Canada was '• mischievously

' allected " i)y the policy of the Americans, but

did not consider that any reason why we should

I imitate them: he considered rather that it

would be better to wait a little and see whether

the linancial i)Osition recovered itself and not to

increa.se taxes at present. He reviewed the stand

taken by the Opposition on ^the (juestion of the

' .N^ational Policy" which he characterized as a

j plan " to increase the collective wealth of the

! country by increasing the taxation, and that

they can enrich the community collectively by

taking money out of their pockets"'; and held

that '• it is the duty, and the sacred duty of the

I (iovernmi'nt to take only from the people what

I is necessary to the proper discharge of the

I public service; and that taxation in any other

mode is simply, in ont> shape or other, legalized

robbery."

I a. — The Finance Minister was followed by

Hon. Dr. Tupper who severely reviewed the

state'iientofthe Finance Minister |,^,|,,„^„„ n^,

and said thai gentleman had "'"''""•

proved himself equal to tlie task of establishing

not one delicit but two, in the face of three

and a half millions of additional taxation

imposed on the peoi)le. He condemned the

inactivity of the (Jovernment in not proposing

some means of averting the threatened disaster

of aiiotiier delicit. and injury to the credit of

Canada. The F'inance Minister had shown

that there was a large delicit last year, and

likely to be another in the current year, but he

was content simply to drift along, and had

nothiim' to propose. He went on at considerable

lenutli to defend the linancial policy of the

late Government, and to lake exception to that

of the present Administration, holding that

GOVHHXMRNT OK TflK EAIJL OK DUKFHItlX— KIKTH SKSSION, TIIIJ?I) JW IJLIAMKNT. r.ll

what Ihi' country iiocdcd in the im'scnt crisis
was a National Policy, snch as had been
jn'oposed hy tho loader ol" tlic Opposition last
year; and not a No Policy such as that ol' the
Government. lie was followed hy Hon. Mr.
Cartwriiiht, and the debate adjourjied. The
debate was continued on tlie :2(!th, and on tlio
1st, oth and 7th ol' iMarch, on which latter day
Sir John A. Macdonald moved in amendment
" That the Speaker do not now leave the chair,
but that this House is ol' the opinion that the
welfare ol' Canada requires the ad()i)tion ol' a
National Policy, which, by a judicious readjust-
ant ol' the Tarilt', will benelit and foster the
atii-icultural, the mining, the manulaciurinii'
and other interests of the Dominion ; that such
a policy will retain in Canada thousands of
our fellow country )nen now obliged to
expatriate themselves in search of the employ-
ment denied them at home, will restore prosperity
to our struggliiiii' industries, now .so sadiv
depressed, will jirevent Canada from l)eing
made a sacriiice market, will encourage and
developi' an active Tuler-Provincial trade, and
moving (as it ought to do) in the direction of
a reciprocity of tariffs with our neiahbors, so
liir as the varied interests of Camida may
demand, will greatly tend to i)rocure for this
country, eventually, a reciprocity of trade."
The debatt^ was continued on the 8th and 12th,
■when a division was taken aiul Sir John A.
Macdonald's amendment defeated, Yeas 77;
Nays 114.

4. — The Local Leiiislature of Quebec, of
which jNIr. DeUouchervillc was I'rciiiicr, was in
session at the same lime as the
Dominion House, and the action
of the LiiMitenant-CJovernor of
in suddenly dismissing his Mi-
nisters gave ris(> to tlie longest and most
animated debate which occurred during the
session, and occasioned what was, prol)ably,
the most extraordinary scene ever enacted in
the Parliament of Canada. Mr. Dcllouchervilh^
had a majority of about Jil in the Assembly, out
of a hous(« of (i.1, and lh(> Legislative Council
was alxjut two-thirds Conservative- -in l'a<t the

ThoiliMiiissiilnf the
(iiii'iici' .Miiii.-lrv

hy I.I li.ixci' ■

lii'telliiT.

that Province

Local (jrovornment was alxmt as Conservative
as it could be, and there did not seem any proba-
bility that it would be anything' else for numy
years to come. So matters stood on tlie I^Jth
December, l.S7tI, when Lieuteiiant-CJovcrnor
Caron died, and the Hon. \j\\c l.iet,clliiT de St.
Just, Minister of Agriculture in Hon. Mr. Mac-
kenzie's Cabinet, was appointed to succeed him.
Mr. Letcllier is a gentleman <>! liootl birth,
amjile fortune and uneX'i'ptionai)le social stand-
ing in the Province; but althouu'h hi' liad been
over a (quarter of a century in public life, and \
was the leader of the I.,ower Canada lloiiixex
in the Senate from the Union when he was |
called to that Ixxly. to the formation of tlie
Mackenzie Administration, still he could not ;
be regarded as a poi)ulai' man in his Proviin-e, 1
and his appointment to the highest ollicc in the j
Province l)y no nutans gave general satisfaction. |
With his CabiiuM Mr. Letellier was far from
being in accord ; they felt aggrieved that a
Lil)eral should be appointed Lieuteiuint-Ciov-
criior of so Conservative a Province as (^uel)ec;
and he was too stronu' a partisan not to wish to
do his party what he considered a good turn if
opportunity oil'ered — and opportunity was not
long wanting. The DelJouchervilledovernmi'Ut
was in linancial straits ; the North Shore and
Northern Colonization Railways had drained
the Treasury, and the; cities which iiad aiiieed
to help those roads with subsidies when they
were private enterprizes, demurred al»mt keep-
inu' their bargains now that the roads had been
taken over by the Local government. There
was much dilliculty between the (loveriunent
and some of the Muni<'ipalities tliroiiuli whieh
the two roads ran when lion. Mr. Deliomher-
ville's Ministry proposed its linancial nieasuies
for 1878. These may be briclly staled as a vigor-
ous prosecution of the dei'aultiim' Municipalities
and the imposition of a Stamp tax. The latter
Act was most unpopular in Montreal and :
(Quebec, and excitement had already run pretty j
high when, on the third of .March, it was sud-
denly and unexpectedly Hashed over the wires
that Lieutenan-(!overnor Letellier iiad dismissed
his Ministers. Mr. I-etellier gave as his reasons

')■

512

TITTLKS inSTOItY Ol' 'I'lll': DOMINION oK CANADA.

I'ov (liis Act, thill liis Ministers hud not troatod
liini with lliat lospcct wliich hisoliico dennxndt'd ;
tliat they had inliodurod measures in the House
luider his name not only without liis consent,
but in direct oi^position to his wishes; that they
had issued I'rochunations in his name without
his sanction : and thai, lie doubted whether they :
retained the conlidenceoi'the Province although
they had a majority in the House. On dismissing
Mr. DelJoucherville, Mr. Letidlier sent I'or Mr.
.Toly, the licader of the Local Opposition and
entrusted to him the task ol' I'orrainn" a new
Ministry, whiih ollioe he accepted, and suc-
ceeded in Ibrming a Cabinet on the Uth. * Both
the Leii'isiative .\ss(Mnbly and the Legislative
Council V(Med by larii'e maj<n'ilies that they had
no conlidence in the new Miiustry and the
Assond)ly refused to u'raut any Supplies ; the
Lieuteuant-dovernor thereujion, on '.tth iLmh,
promgued 'he Houses, and, on the 2:Jrd I'arlia-
nient was dissolved and writs i.ssued lor a
General Election to take place on the 1st May.
Previous to ju'orogation both the Local Houses
adopted Addresses to the troyeriior-CJeneral and
Senate and Commons protesting vigorously
against the action of the Lieutenant-! iovernor,
ami that ollieer and lion. Mr. DelSoucherville
both presented statements to His Excellency, so
that there was soon no lack of documents in the
case.

•V — The correspondence was laid on the table
on the •J(!lh March, and, on the 11th Ajiril, on

noi,Mo,mti,o ^I"»- ^^- Cartwriuld moving

L,.i..iiiCT.as,.. ,]^.,^ ^l^^, House should again i>-o

into Commit te*! ot Supply. Sir John A. Mac-
('oiiald moved the following amendment, "That
Mr. Speaker do not now leave thi' rhair, but
thai it l)c Ke.solved that the recent dismissal by
the Lieutenant-Governor ol' (Juebec of his
Ministers was. under the circumstances, unwise

• Till' .Mini-try en (nrnu'i\ is :iy |i.l|..ws:

lliHi. II. ti. .Inly, rii'iniir miiM .Mihi-lcr "!' .Aiirii'ultiirr .iinl I'liMic
\V"rl<,«.
Il'rii. I'. C, S. l,iii!rulii'r,l'"iiiini.''?i'iiR'r iirCi'""!! I.iiiii|-'.

II ficrre l'..iiliMii'l. ri'i'iiMiivi'.

Il'iii. I'. .1. .\l;iri'liiiii'|. I'ppviiirinl Swrt'l.iry ami UiT'ii^Ii'iir.
Il"ii. II. .<iiirtn", SpiMkor lii'kri-liitl\n I'oinii'il.
II..I1. I>. II. .-y. .\il.iriii.v(i,.MiTiil.
11mm. A. Ctiiiii\c'.tii, Siilirilor iM'rnT.il.

and subversive of the position accordi'd to the
advi.sers of the Crown since the concession of
the principle of Responsible Government to the
British North American Colonies." He argired
that this was a constitutional (|uestion of the
gravest importanc(> and should not be considered
in a party spirit ; it would establish a i>reeedent,
and it was of the utmost importance that it
should not be a bad precedent. With regard to
the competency of the House to deal with the
(jirestion he said, " The lirst question that arises
upon that resolution is whether we have any
concern with it in this Hou,se. I need scarcely
discuss the (juestion, I suppose, and 1 hope, I
l)eliev>', that the Lieulenant-tJoveriiors of the
dilli'rent Provinces stand now [lercisely in the
Kame position with respect to the Governor-
(reneral and his Cabinet, as the Governor-General
stands wit ii rcuardto the (Jueeii and her Cabinet ;
and, if that be admitted, then it must be held
tliat the Parliament o"f the Dominion of Canada
has a supervision of the acts of the Lieutenant-
Governors." IL' quoted several instances whi-re
the Imperial Parliament had discussed the
I'onduct of the Colonial Crovernors. such as
Governor Eyre. Sir Cliarles Darlinu', iS:c., and
continued, " My contention is, and I do not
suppose it will be disputed, that the same power
that rested in the Imperial Parliament with
respect to Colonial Governors appointed by the
direct command of Iler ]\lajesty, exists with
respect to the Dominion Parliament as far as
regards Lieuteiiant-CTOvernors appointed by
commission of the (Jovernor-General." He
argued that there was agreat dillerence l)etween
the legal riiiht and the constitutional right
of the Sovereign, and that what may be legally
right may also be constitutionally wrong. He
then proceeded to aruue on the constitutional
po.--ilion of the Lieutenant-Governor towards
his le<>al advisers — setting aside his legal right
to dismiss any ollice-holder at his pleasure — and
maintaiui'd that they held the same position
towards tiie Lieutenaut-Covernoras the Pnnnier
of Canada did towards the Goveriu)r-General,
or the Premier of Enaland to the Queen. In
Elngland it was tlioroughly established that as

conli'd to the
(■oiK'ossioii ol'
nimciit to the
III- ariiuccl
lestioii ol' the
bo considi'ivtl
1 a prcL'odoiit,
tiiuce that it
rith r('i:'iiv(l to
dciil with the
ion th;it arises
wi' have any
noi'd scarcely
iml I hope, I
riior.s ol' the
reisely iii the
;ie tlovernor-
.M'liov-Gonoral
I hert'ahinet ;
must he held
on of Canada
e Lioiitenant-
<tan<es where
isiussed the
ors, such as
ng, &c., and
nd I do not
^ same jiower
Liament with
ointed by the

exists with
'lit as far as
•pointed by
neral." lie
■nee between
itional right
iiy be legiilly
long. He
onstitntional

lor towards
■^ legal right
easure — and
me position

tiie Proinier
nor-deiioral,

(^>ueen. In
■ilied that as

(i()Vr-:HNMENTOF TIIK KAFU, OK DIJKI'KUIN— FII-TII SHSSION rHIHH PAIMJAMKNT. r.i;!

lonti' MS the Ministry of the day had the confi-
dence of the representatives of the people, they
had the confidence of the Crown, and he hoped
to see that principle maintained in this case.
i He proceeded to state that when Lieiitenant-
I Governor Ijclellier entered upon ofFicc, he found
I his Ministers enjoyins- the full coididence of
j both the A.ssembly and Ivi'gislativ(> Council,
I and stron,.' in both Houses; the business of the
I session had piu^re.sscd to near its close, and the
' Ministry had been maintained by a majority of
I twenty, in a House of sixty-five, and the Lieu-
tenant-Go vernoi' had taken upon himself to
dismiss these Ministers, on tlie siround that
their measures were unconstitutional. "Not
one of these grounds was sufliient, not one of
these Li'rcmnds can hold water for a moment."
He quoted several instances of dismissals of
Ministers by the Sovereign in Eimland, to show
that in each of these there was some rea.son for
the. course pursued, but in the ])resent instance
there was no reason. Ht^ entered at consider-
able leniith into the jiosition held by Ministers
under llesponsible (^overnm<mt, quotintf nu-
merous authorities, and holding that Lieutenant-
Governor Letellier had acted unconstitutionally
in arbitrarily dismissing his Ministers, and
deserved the censure of the Hoiise.

0. — Hon. !Mr, Mackenzie did not deny theright
of the House to criticise the conduct of Lieuten-
ant-(rOA'ernors, bnt thought it
w as a riaht which should be
very sparing! exercised. The resolution was
very mild, anu only said that the action of the
Lieutenant-Governor was " unwise." but was
the House to constitute itself a Court of Justice,
and sit on Lieutenant-Governor Letellier :" He
thought not. Cases may arise wh(>n it would
be the duty of the authorities at Ottawa to
interfere, bnt he did not think that the mere
dismissal of one Ministry and the appointment
of another was such a case, The position in
(iuel)cc was this : Mr. Lettellier had dismissed
his Ministers, and Mr, Joly had accepted the
responsibility of forniinii' a new Ministry ; in
doing so he had assumed the responsibility for
Mr. Letellier's act, and hail appealed to the

C,2

The :

country for ajiproval. " Now, suppose this
House (>xercised its discretion, and accorded to
the honorable gentlemen opposite more wisdom
than to the Governor, and should condeinii
the action of the Governor, and that the
electors of the Province of Quebec, on the
1st of May, should say that the Gov-
ernor's act was wise, in what position
w^ould the Federal Authorities and the Federal
Parliament be in condemninir the course which
the i>eople of the Province themselves had
sanctioned and apjiroved ! That is precisely
the position which the unwisdom of the hon.
gentleman opposite would have us rush into,
and it is one which L for one, will not take the
responsibility of incurring any daiiacr upon.
I belie re it is an unwarranted use of the jiowers
of this House to attempt, under the circum-
stances, to pass any vote of censure or of
approval of either party." The del)ate was con-
tinued by Messrs. Masson, Laurier and Brooks,
and adjourned on motion of Hon. Mr. Lannevin.
On the 12th the debate was resumed by Hon.
Mr Langevin and continued up to recess. After
recess Mr. Langevin spoke for some time and
was followed by Messrs. Jette, Devlin and others
until about midnight, when an adjournment of
the debate was proposed, but objected to by
Hon. Mr. Mackenzie who insisted that the debate
must be concluded and a division taken. The
Opposition resisted and l)egan fo talk against
time. There was an object in this The Oppo-
sition were, to a great extent, lighting the liattle
of their Conservative friends in Quebec, which
was then in all the fever and ferment of a
General Election, and they wanted, if i)ossible
to stave olf a vote until Monday, so that it may
not be posted up on the Church doors on Sunday
that the House of Commons had approved of
the course of Mr. Letellier and Mr. .loiy. As
the Opposition could not get an adjournment
until Monday, they determined to talk until
Monday — and they certainly held out very
well. All through the night member after
member solemnly rose and talked for one, two,
or three hours, according to his capacity and
wind; while some of the supporters of the

r»i4

TUTTLK'S IlISTOItY ()!•' TJIK DOMINION OT CANADA.

(uivcviuiv.'iil kept up ii playlul accorapunimeiit
urcal-ialls, ireakings oi' desks, «ong.s and a choice
seli'ctioii of iiidesiiil)al)le noises of various sorts.
As diiylifi'hlbeuau slowly and rautiously to peep
in through the stained-<>lass windows, and the
llaring gas-lights pah'd before it. a curious and
motley scene was presented. Mr. Speaker held
out well, and from time to time tried to quell
the disorder, hut without etleit: here and
there hon. members were taking fjuiet naps,
some ornamented with Ibols' caps, and others
with simply a paper thrown over them : tired
and worn-out j>ai>es crouched, halt-sleeping, on
the lloor ; restless reporters lidgeted about the
! gallery and ventured wise prophecies as to
j how long the Opi>osition could hold out. The
leader of the Opposition had retired alter mar-
I shalliuii' his forces, but the Premier stuck close
i to his desk and .seemed more determined than
evt'r to force a division as soon as the Opposition
showed signs of weakening. But they showed
no signs. Hour .ifter hour the increasing stream
of talk tlov'i.'d on; members strolled out in
})atches of twos and threes to get breakfast or
other refreshments, and as the morning grew
apace and it became known that the House was
still in session, the galleries began to hll up,
and by mid-day were crowded. In the after-
noon. Her Excellency and her daughter occu-
j)ied seats on the right of the Speaker for a
while, and seemed much amused at the singing
and other '• entertainments." About four she
rose to lio, and then two loyal French Canadian
supporters of the Government began to sing
" God Save the Qiieen," and in an instant the
whole House, including Mr. Speaker and the

The oiisc n.it .-etiloil.

not taken until ten o'clock Monday night, so
that some members who were al)sent may have
time to return. This arrangement was carried
out, and the House adjourned at six o'clock,
after twenty-two hours' continuous session.
On the vote being taken on Monday night, Sir
John A. Macdonald's motion w^as defeated. —
Yeas, 70; Nay.s, 112.

7. — In the Senate the resolution condemning
the coxirse <jf Hon. Mr. Letellier was adopted,
and the two votes — that of the
Senat(> cond '^ning, and that of
theIIou.se neither condemning nor sust, . ling —
went to the electors together. Co'itrary to all
exjiectation Hon. Mr. .Toly came back from the
General Election with half of the House as his
supporters, a wonderi'ul gain in Quebec ; and
on the re-assembling of the Local House Mr.
Turcotle, of Three Rivers, who had l>een elected
as a Conservative, elected himself Sp(>aker — we
say this advisedly, lor there were thirty-two
members pledged to support Mr. Joly. and
thirty-two opposed to him, and as Mr. Turcotte
voted for himself it was certainly his vote
which elected him. With this scant majority
of one in the Speaker's chair, Mr. Joly managed
to get through the session and pass the Estimates.
The French Conservatives w^ere furious, and
after the result of the Dominion elections, on
17th Septeinl)er, it was thought that Mr. Letol-
j lier would be at once removed. l?ut Sir John
A. Macdonald, as leader of the Opposition, and
I Sir John A. Macdonald, as the responsible ad-
j viser of the Governor-Genei'al, are two different
I Uien ; while he was quite willing to advise Mr,
Mackenzie to remove Mr. Letellier ho declined

clerks, had risen to their feiH. and net a few of ! to do so on his own responsibility, after he had

the members Joined in lustily in the singing, j succeeded to olKce, until Parliament had re-

Her Excellency seemed much amused and j versed its decision of last year ; and even after

pleased at the outburst, and waited until it was I the House had reversed that decision, and

over before leaving the Chamber, About this censured Mr. Letellier, although he obeyed the

time Sir John A. Macdonald, A^ho had been
absent since day-break, re-entered the House,
and .shortly after an agreement was made
between himself and tht> Premier that the
Sjieaker should leave the chair at six, and that
the debate should then be closed, but a vote

wish of the House and advised His Excellency
to remove Mr. Letellier, he at the same time
advised him to take the opinion of the Home
Authorities before acting, as his action would
form a very important precedent, and it was
best to have the precedent thoroughly well

(fUVKRNMENT OK TIIK KARI. OF DUPFHJnN-l'HINCU'AL KVENTS ()!•' IS78.

515

eslablishoJ.. So the mattfr rt'sts at the time of
writiii!'' (17th April, 187!t.)

8. — The sossioa was an unusually lonq: one,
lasting tintil the 10th May, but comparatively
little Imtsiness was doiu", and
had it not neen the last session
before a Greiieral Ele<tion. when every member
feels bound to make several si)eeches for the
benefit of his constituents, it is doubtful whether
the real business of the session would have
lasted much over six weeks. This bein<>- the
last year of the Earl of Dufferin's stay in Canada
both Houses i)assed Addre.-ses to him expressive
of reg'ret at his departure, and it is doubt'-''
whether any similar Address to a Clrovcrnor
G-eneral was ever so heartily fell. His
Excellency, in proroging Parliament, gave
assent to twenty-two pul)lic and twenty-three
private bills. Amongst the most important was
a new Temi)erauce Ait introduced in the Senate
by Hon. R. W. Scott, the Act repeals portions
of the Dunkin Act of 18(14 and is a Permissixe
bill by which electoral divisions have the right
to ivtition the Secretary of State to have a vote
taken on the question of prohibiting the sale ol
liquor in that division, provided one- fourth of
the electors qualified to vote for a member of
Parliament sign the pcrition. Voting to be by
ballot. A new Independence of Parliament
Act was passed, which reduces the liability of
members sitting and voting illegally in the
House. Act', amending the Election Act ;
providing for a new system of auditing the
public accoi\nts ; repealing the Customs duty
on malt : with reference to the use of bill
stamps ; adulteration of food, &c. were passed.
One of the most necessary Acts was that relating
to crimes of violence, which was introduced by
Hon. Mr. Blake, and which gives the Governor-
in-Council j)ower to Proclaim the Act in force
in any district, after which all persons are
forbidden, under hea\ y penalties, to carry fire-
arms except soldiers, volunteers, peace officers
&c. This Act was spfcially intended for
Montreal, where lawlessness had increased to
an alarming extent ; and it was Proclaimed there
shortly after its passage and has done much good.

CHAPTER l.V

GOVHRN.MKXT OK TlfH KAI!L OK Dl KKFJMN
— I'KIXCII'AI. KVKNTS OK 187.S.

1. DiiMTNin.N fi().\nD OK Tll.^DE. — '2. TlIK 12tH

Ji'LY ]{i()Ts.— 3. Tin: l']r,Ki'TioNs. — 4. Depar-
ture i)¥ THE Eari, of Dcfferin.— ;j. The
Marquih i)k Liirxe a.vd H. li II. Princkssj

L(IT-I.<E.

f.— The eighth annual meetiuL;' ol' the
Dominion Board of Trade was opem-d in the
City Hall, Ottawa, on the foth of i,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ij„,,r,| „,
.lanuary, the President, Adam ^'■"''''
Brown E.sq., presiding. After the adoption of
the annual report and the lelivering of the
President's address, the lir^t business was the
adoption of a resolution in favor of amending
the Stamp Act so that either the maker or
endorser could can el the stamp. Resolutions
in favor of amendinii' the Weiuhts and Measiircs
Act, and recomending- an uniform system of
Customs appraisements and a reduction of
the iiumber of small ports of entry wen^ also
carried. Major Walker introdut-ed a resolution
in favor of Reciprocity with the United States,
which was adopt(>d. Considerable discussion
took place on a resolution recommi'iiding that
the inspection of butter and hides should
be made compulsory, and it was finally adopted
by 26 to 9. Mr. Mackenzie introduced a resolu-
tion to the effect that while the Board w^as
content with the seventeen and a half per cent,
tariff, it was of opmioii that in the event of
any revision the interests of manufacturers
.should be lonsidered ; whii h was adoi)t(Hl.
A great deal of discussion took place on the
subject of the sugar duties and the matter was
referred to a Cominitte. > \"hich rei)orted in favo •
of advising the Government to adopt counter-
vailing duties, and to reduce low grades for
refininu', it being held that no successful
btxsiness could be done with the West Indies
unli'ss the relining interest was protected. The
report was adopted by 28 to 5. Much fault
was found not only with the existing duty

5i(;

TUTTLK'S HI.STOl.'V OF TIIH DOMINION OK CANADA.

j oil m:ilt. l)iit in the manner ol' collt'ctint;- it,

: whirh was very trout)h'sonit\ an<l a rt'soliition

that the mode ol' collectinsi' this tax shoukl l)e

j ehaiiffed was adopted. Resolutions regretting

; I lie injury dom- to the carrying trade l)y the

i Ameriean.s being allowed to use our eanals

' while we could not use theirs ; and in I'avor

I of Halii'ax as a winter port were carried. A

' long distussion took i)lace on the (juestion of

taxiiiii' coal and the motion that a tax should

be imposed was lost l)y 14 for 17 again.st. Mr.

II. Josi'ph, ol' (Quebec was elected President for

j the ensuing year.

2. — The i\nhiippy religious feuds in Montreal
! increased very much during the year, the
i n,,. I!,], ,)„i- Orantj'emeu and Catholic Union-

I "'""• ists both increasing considerably

I in numbers, and frequent rows being the result.
I As the 12th of July drew near, and the deter-
I minatif)n of the Orangemen to assert their riiiht
to walk in procession became known, great fears
arose ol' a possible conllict and great etibrts were
made to dissuade them from their purpose, but
without a\iiil. They claimed that they had a
right to walk, and walk they would. Mayor
Beaudry was applied to but declined to make
any application for calling out the trooi)s. Some
Manistratcs, however, applied for them and A.
and B. Batteries were ordered out as well
as some country regiments and all the city
corps. On the lUh a legal opinion was given,
at the request of Mayor Beaudry, by Messrs. S.
B."thune, (JC., E. Carter. Q.C., "j. W. Ritchie,
Q.C.. and E. Barnard, Q.C., as to the illegality
of the Orange body, it being held that they
came under the provisions of an old Act against
secret .societies which has pa.s.sed at the time of
the rebellion. The four Q. C's agreed that it did,
and, on the morning of 12th, Mayor ]]eaudry
had the Orange Grraiid Master — David Grant —
and .some others arrested. They were afterwards
tried but no case made against them, and it was
agreed tliat a test case should be taken to the
Privy Council. The 12th was an anxious day in
Montreal. The Orangemen had a.s.sembled in
their Hall on St. .lames Street preparatory to
forming in procession, and when the procession

The i:ivcti.m.--.

was abandoned on the arrest of tlie leaders, they
found themselves beseiged by an immense
crowd, and had to remain in their Hall all day,
until towards evening when they were taken
home in cabs by the police. There was much
ex( itement but no riots. S(!veral persons were
shot during the y'ar and the streets were most
unsafe at night. The Proclamation (f the Blake
Act, however, and its enlbrcement checked the
use ol' revolvers, and aftt-r it was understood
that the legality or illeuality of the Orange body
would be a matter for the Ccmrts to .settle, the
excitement subsided and Montreal once more
became qiiiet. On the i»th and two following
dayt' in June there were quite extensive labor
riot.s in Quebec, and the .Military had to be
called out and iired on the mol), killing and
wounding several.

3. — The great event ol' the year was the
(lenerai Election for the Iloxi.se of Commoiis,
which took plave on the 17th
September, and resulted in the
triinnphant endor.sement of the "Nationnl Po-
licy," and the return of Sir John A. Macdonak'l
to power, with a larg<>r majority to l)ack him
than ever Mr. Mackenzie had in 1874. For the
first time sin(.'e Confederation th(>re was a square
issue before the people. Protection or Pree
Trade, and their pronouncement in favor of the
former was far more emphatic than oven the
most sanguine had anticipated. The two most
noteable defeats wer? Sir John A. Macdonald in
Kingston, and IIo".. Mr. Cartwright in Lennox. ;
Sir John was at once elected for Vancouver, '
B.C., and, after a little while Mr. Cartwright
obtained a .seat in Centre Huron. Hon. Edward
Blake was defea* din Soiith Ibiice, and has not
re-entered public life. Hon. ^Ir. Mackenzie re-
signed shortly after the result was known, and
Sir John A Macdonald was called on to form a
Cabinet, which he did with the following result :

lit. Il(].\. Sill Jdii.N A. ,Mai ijo.vAi.ii, I'.C, K.C.U., M. I'. liiitish
Columliia, I'lciiiicr iind .Miiii.stL'r ol tlic Iiitcrioi'.

Hon. S. L. 'I'li.i.KV. 'M!., M. P. NV'W UrmiKwii k, Ministrr nf
Fiiiancc.

Hon. a. Ca.mi'HKLL, Si'Uiitor. diitiirio, lU'ccivi,'r-(ienuml.

Hon. H. L. Lanhevin, C.B., M. 1'. Qiiobcc, t'ostmiLstiT-Uonenil

lldN. J. ('. AiKiNB, Sonator, Untario, Secretary of St«te.

(JOVKUXMKNT OF TlfK EARL OK DrKFKRIN— IMMXCII'AL KVKNTS OF 1H78.

517

Hii.N. CiiAS. 'I'l I'l'Kii, ('.It., M. 1'. Nnvn Sintiii. MiiiiHtcr ol I'lililU'
Works.

H0S..I. If. I'lPi'K, .M. I'. (^iu'Ipic, Miiiisti t iiT Af^rimltiiir

lIo.N. .IniiN <)'f'oN\oii, M. p. t)iitiiii(i, Prc'Hidciit of tlie Council.

Hon. .Iamkh M.vciionai.d, ^I. I'. Xovii Hidiiii, MiiiiNtcr of Jiirtticc.

HiiN. L. I*'. U. Ma.sson. M. p. i,>iiuIpc(', Mini.stfr 'it .Militia anil
Dufenc e.

Hon. J. C. Poi'E. M. 1'. I'riiKc Kdwiinl I.shiinl, Mini.^it.r ol .Ma-
riiK' and l''isliiTlp.><.

Hon. Mackk.vzir bnwKLi.. M. 1'. Ontario. Mini.'itrr of CnstoniK.

Hon. L. l*".<i.l!AiiY. M. P..(jmlii'c Mini.Kterof Inlainl Hovi'niic.

Hon. K. I). Wii.Mor. Suiiator, New liriin.swirU. Spi iiktr of tlir
Scnati;.

4. — Ciiiiiula snstiiiiu'd the loss of one of her
tniost aiicl best fiiciicls. and one whoso, cloqiient

De,„„ turo .,f .!,.■ P^'^i'^^ ""^ h.>r had made hor bet tcr
iM.ri uf uufl rin. kiiowu thaii shc had over l)eoii
boforo, by tho doparliire of tho Earl oflhill'erin,
after having completed his term of six years as
Governor-General. The British Government
showed their appreciation of his .services by
oiFering to extend his term one year, but this
he declined, and retnrning to England still
greater confidence was shown in him by ap-
pointing him to the diihcult and delicate ]>osition
of Amliassador at St. Petersburg. Lord Dulferin
took with him from Canada the hearty and
honest regrets of a whole people who had
learned to love, honor and respect him, and
whose good wish<'s for his future success were
both deei) and earnest. N(ner since the days
of Gny Carleton has there been a Governor in
Canpda who has so thoroughly ideutilied him-
self with the people, and who has left so many
pleasant memories behind him. Previous to
his departure he paid a visit to the Eastern
Townships and also paid a Hying visit to Toronto
to open the Provincial Fair. He was presented
with a large number of Addres.ses, conspicuous
amongst which was one from nearly all the
Municipr' Bodies of Ontario, which was pre-
sented to him at Quebec a few days before his ;
sailing from that port. !

5. — It seemed at first as if there could be no
consolation for the lo.ss of our popular Gorernor-
G^eneral, and peojde were jiist

, • • 1 ,1 • 1 ,, ,1 ' -11 The ^IMrl|ui^' lit

beginnin<r to think "there will LnmcKiHiii.K.n,

, ' ,.1 1 • ,, 1 till' I'rinofss li(.ui.''e.

never be another like him, when
it was announced that the Manjuis of Lome
had })een oHered and had accepted the position
and that he would be accompanied by H.R.H.
the Princess Louise. The announcement was
received with joyous surprise, and long before
they would be here preparations were being
made for giving them a riuht royal reception.
Princes we had had, and irot somewhat used to,
but a Princess never, and the people determined
that the lirst Princess of the Royal blood
to set her foot on this Western continent
should lie accorded a reception belitting her
rtink, and worthy of the loyal hearts which
loved to honor her. Their Excellencies arrived
at Halifax on .Saturday 2:51x1 Noveml)er, when
they were met by H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh
who had arrived a few days previoiisly in the
BInrk Prince. The Royal party lande(1 on Mon-
day and were splendidly received. Never
before had Halifax decked herself in more gala
attire and never have her hospitable citizens
extended a more hearty and cordial v/elcomt^ to
any of the ;nany distinguished guests who have
from time to time visited them than they did to
"The young Lord of Lome and his boniiie
Louise.'' From Halifax to Montreal, and from
Montreal to Ottawa • all along the line '" the
reception was most enthsiastic, and the capital
fairly outdid itself in making its welcome wor-
thy of the distinguished pair who came to tak.}
up their residence amongst us. Since their
arrival here they have greatly endeared them-
selves to the people, whoso wish we know we
do but echo in hoping tf at they may remain
with us for many years.

END (IK VOLUME TWd.