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On Yth page, 6th paragraph, for ** Staff hold" read *< Staff should hold " \. \ ■iV; ■: '■■^: ■/..«, Sil^^ m- iffc' CANADA, Thi only enemies Canada lias to wait for as invaders are the United States, and that we shall not be long without such a visit is as certain as that they, if we be true to ourselves, will be driven back, as they invariably have been, and which history uttests. If the existing internecine war of that country be followed-by a foreign one, judging from the past, Canada will be its object. In 1775 Arnold and Montgomery invaded our country. "' In 1812, although the obnoxious Orders in Oooncil, the avowed reason of American dissatisfaction, were repealed, still the American Government, coveting Canada, declared war against England and invadod the Province at a time when England's struggle was one for existence, unable to afford Canada neither money nor men. (*) And in 1837, during our domestic troubles, the American Government grossly connived at the assistance given to the disaffected by their sympa tbising filibusters, by allowing their frontier armouries to be plundered by them and used against the loyal portion of our people. If Canada so long back was worth contending for, when its principal feature was one vant primeal forest, how much more so now, when so large a portion of its wilderness has been converted into valuable field-bearing cereals, with good roads to convey their proceeds to markets, that have cost us thousands on thousands of dollars to construct ; when its hidden treasures of auriferous beds, valuable deposits of iron, lead, copper and antimony are being discovered, with railways that have cost millions of dollars, securing a cheap and ready transit to the best markets ; and when {*) A great debt of gratitude is due by our country to that eminent jurist and statesman, the late Chief Justice Sewoll, whose system of finance raised the millions necessary for the war of 1812. ir *■•;. 6'^7/l CANADA DEFENDED BY its forest, thongh cartailed ia its expanse, still oontinaes to be a luoratire source for commercial enterprise, with safe and costly canals, slides and lights, to facilitate this great present staple of our commerce. I repeat, if Canada in 1775 and 1812 was worth fighting for, without these several great adrantages, how much more so now. Since the day of Arnold's inraslon our population has increased from thousands to millions, and our wealth and power proportional, and so has the ayidity with which the American Qovernment contemplates the hoped for conquest of Canada. Its acquisition would give them 3,000,000 con- sumers of the Northern manufactories, and rate-payers for their enormous national debt, and with our 20 millions acres of wild land, their visible wealth in timber, and unknown amount of mineral treasure. They would acquire the free use of the St. Lawrence, a commercial necessity to the vast agricultural products of the Western States, and the shorterst and most practical route to the Pacific— thus augmenting the power of the Northern States by sea and land ; for I contend the possession of Canada by the United States involves the acquisition of the whole of British America by the Ame- rican Republic. The Newfoundland and St. Lawrence fisheries will become the nurseries for their seamen — from the Banks and Gulf they will exclude tbs powers of Europe — and their commercial navy, so augmented by these fisheries, coupled with a most extensive coasting trade, they will become equal to any European maritime power, and as they extend their borders and augment their powers they will in the same ratio diminish that of Eng- land, for the inevitable consequence of the loss of Canada ia that of British America, with a loss of prestige in Europe that would soon be followed by an armed European confederation against her. When we consider the former invasions of Canada, then comparatatively unknown, laying in the shade of her wilderness, but now surging to the surface-level of nations, and estimating her present value as such, politically and commercially, from this point of view, if the past and present may not justify a decided belief in an invasion from the United States, it cer- tainly warrants our being prepared for such an eventuality. Is our present Militia organization such as to give us a reasonable hope of successful resistance to the nezt and third onslaught on our homes by the American Republic ? If I were to answer in the affirmative, not a man in Canada would concur in my reply. On the contrary, it is the general impression, unreservedly and loudly expressed, that the absence of everything like an efficient Militia Act invites aggression, leaving us, in that event, without hope to the tender mercies of the invader. But this is not all we have to deplore ; why has that so impor- tant measure to our defence, the Intercolonial Railway, been abandoned ? by which, for fivo months of the year, we must draw from our sea-base all British reinforcements and munitions of war, should the scourge of battles IIKR MILITIA. visit our borders. And again, why is it that we are so indiffereat to the consolidation of the Proviccos under one Qovernment, that would ao augment our means of resistance, increasing our wealth bj extending our ooiuinercial transactions, elevating British America to a much higher statni than that which her present disjointed condition confers on her ? This anion by law and railway is more necessary now than ever ; by these means we may obtain a position of defence that would deter the hostility of onr neighbors, whose dear-bought expei'ience against the South will have taught them that a people cherishing independence cannot easily be overcome, and although tlie present American contest has called into existence most for- midable armies, well appointed, inured to the hardships of war, and dis* oiplined by experience in the field, they would not hazard a war with England if British America could arm five hundred thousand men to defend her soil. That she can do this, and that the integrity of the Empire demand it, does not admit of a doubt ; the mere evidence of our ability to make such a demonstration of military power would avert the march of an hos- tile American armr from our frontiers. But if we continue in our present helpless condition, the temptation to possess Oaoada, and finally British America, may be too great for the North American Republic to resist, and we may be invaded by a most overwhelming force, whose line of march would be traced by conflagration, blood and rapine, our cities ruthlessly bombarded, our sons, for want of proper organization and discipline, help- lessly bearing the brunt of war without hope. All this may come on ns, and its danger is imminent so long as we have a mere paper force, not worth the paper on which its existence is recorded. As figures, correctly calculated, cannot deceive, I submit the Tables marked No. i, 2, 3 and 4. From these it will be seen that every four years 3,340 men will be called out for Lower Cannda, formed into 80 companies, and incorporated into eight battalions. These tables comprise all that I can say on this most important part of the Militia question. Having given my reasons why a war with the United States is a proba- bale event, and the necessity for a more efficient Militia Act than the present one, I come to the consideration of the amendment of that Act. The present armament of the United States renders the consideration of our Militia Act a matter of paramount importance. Its existing provisions affords no effectual power of resistance to such a force as the American Republic could now assail us with. It must be admitted it is a question beset with perplexities, difficult to solve. We have 3( 0,000 men to incorporate for defence, but what Canada lacks is the sinews of war — money ; and this great, want I propose to provide for, so far as to place the country under so perfxict a military organization that England's gold, in the event of her having a war with the States, ooald 6 CANADA DEFENDED BY I in an inoredible short time form an efficient army of 300,000 Uanadians. We cannot auitain a standing army of even 10,000 men, and if we could of what arall would they be azianst 400,000 7 We cannot call out 60,000 men to drill for 20 days, for the direct coat of their pay and the indi- rect loss consequent on the abstraction of their labor from the rural lections would cost the Province 1,055,000 of doIUrs per annum, as per Table No. 5. Now, to place Oanada in an attitude of security, in fhe event of a third effort on the part of the American Republic to conquer her ; and reasons of State, apart from the Monroe doctrine, as has been shewn, are not wanting to justify the American Qovernment to make the attempt. We therefore should, in my humble opinion, adopt the English prin> ciple ot Militia that obtained in the United Kingdom for years after the peace of 1815. That consisted of a Militia S'^afif, the principles of which being adapted to the peculiar circumstances of Oanada, I submit for consi- deration ; for as it appears to me it would enable us to organize ihe masses of the Active and Sedentary Militia in the shortest time possible, and is the only means of bringing our whole force rapidly to the front in the most efficient form, in the limited time an enemy from the States would allow as. Hence it is indispensable that the Oanada Militia Act should contain the following provisions : The Governor General should be authorised, by and with the advice of the Ez9cntire Oouncil, to call out, whenever it may be deemed ezpedienti not leas than four nor more than eight out of every 100 of Active Service Men of Militia, by ballot, if volunteers may not be cbtained— thus securing; the means ef forming a Militia Staff competent to organize the Active Force of Militia preparative to, or on the serious apprehension of war, and not wait to organize, ab initio, after its declaration, a procrastination that would peril the safety of the Province. The men so called out should be attested to serve for 14 years, to consist of four years of active and 10 of available service. During the four years of active service they should be thoroughly instructed, under strict military discipline, receiving the pay and allow- ances as exhibited in Tables No. 2 and 3. At the end of that period located on contiguous lots of wild lands by battalions, and on the termination of 10 years of available service receiving grants of the lots as a remuneration for faithful service. During the ten yearn of available service, should war ensue, they would be available to organise the Sedentary Militia in the vicinity of their settlements. Three men out of every 100 of the Active Service men of Lower Oanada would form 80 companies, r oh being the regimental staff of 1090, and told HER MILITIA. If off to oounties in the proportion of one company to everj thoniand In each county. See Table No. 6. Tbeie 80 companies shoald be Incorporated into eight b'\ttal{ong of 10 companies. Four Regiments of Militia Staff should be quartered in Quebec and four in Montreal. In the event of war the 80 companies could be oonTeyed from their head-quariers to their counties by railway or steamboat in a few hours, as is made apparent by Table No. 6. .,•,/,. . - no I Officers commanding companies of Militia Staff having receired nominal rolls from the Adjutant General's Department of their Battalions, and being by law authorized to order all officers and non-commissioBed officers.of the Sedentary Militia to assist them in collecting their men, I assert, under full conviction of its possibility, that 80,000 men would be incorporated before 48 hours. Time, ever precious, is inestimable in war, and would be essentially so to us in the event of collision with the United States. Officers for Militia Staff should be selected out of respectable social positions, of sound health and good education, subject to a strict ezaminA> tion of their military attainments prior to appointment. That should be vested in the Governor Qeneral, in the full fcrce and meaning of the words. Oaptains of Militia Staff hold the rank of Lieutenant-Ooloneli senior to all Lieut. Colonels of the Sedentary Militia. Lieutenants that of Gaptain, on similar terms with reference to Oaptains of Sedentary Militia. Oaptains of Militia Staff, in the event of war, should oe appointed Lient. Oolonels, commanding the corps they organize ; Lieutenants to Majors ; the Sergeants to Regimental Staff Sergeants ; the most intelligent half of the Privates to Sergeants, the remainder to Oorporals. Oommissioned officers to be retained on permanent full pay. Non-commissioned officers to be attestsd for 16 years. This is neces- sary, as they would be required to organize and discipline the relieving quotas of the Militia Staff that would be incorporated every fonrth year for the Active Service period. Non-commissioned officers and privates, when not receiving pay and drill instruction, to be considered as being on furlough, and report to the Adjutants of Battalions the parish at which they intend to reside, and on reaching u should report themselves to the Golonel of the Sedentary Militia, within 48 hours. On the termination of a furlough the bearer thereof to report himself at the headquarters of the battalion to which he belongs ; failing to do so, he should De subject to such imprisonment, not exceeding one week, as may be decided on by a court martial. r 8 CANADA DEFENDED BY ll That failing to retarn should be deemed desertioo, and subject the offender to solitary confinemrut for such term, not exceeding three months as a court martial may decide. The foregiong suggestions of penalties are necesiary for the times of peace; in the err 'it of war all armed bodies, ^incorporated for defence of the oonntry, should be brought under the control of the British Mutiny Act, by authority of a clause in our Militia Act. I now take leare to consider the proposed scheme to call out 50,000 men for instruction tor 20 days drill. [ presume no less than 2s 6d a day would be paid to each man ; this would introlve an expenditure of $250,000 per annum, but the camp equipage, beddicg, straw and fuel would increase that sum to a considerable amount. But this large disbursement for pay is rery far short of the indirect loss that would be sustained by the Prorince in its agricultural products, which, added to the amount of pay, I compute at $1,065,000. See Table No. 5. I do not submit the foregoing calculations of Table No. 6 as based on data intrinsically correct, but probably thty are sufficiently so to show how great the expense such militia drill would entail on the Province. Contrast this with a system of a Militia Staff that only requires an advance of monies that would bs refunded in 41 years, with the great advantage of leaving the rural population, the source of all wealth, to its uninterrupted occupation, as it would require but one parade in the year of the Active rvice men to correct tbe muster rolls of that portion of the Militia for tue information of tbe Adjutant General's Department. The 80 companies would form the efficient Regimental Staff of 80 Bat- talions, or say 80,000 men ; that in the event of war they would incorporate and drill to a respectable state of efficiency in six weeks ; that tbe 1,560,000 acres granted to the 32 Battalions of Militia Staff for Lower Canada during the first IC years would, at the termination of 41 years, reimburse tbe Province for the expenditure recessary to sustain that force, leaving a balance in favor of tbe Province of $2,937,090 14. Interest on that sum at six per cent, is $177,425 40. Tbe annual rent after the 41 years deiived from 1,560,000 acres would be $312,000, and the Ordnance lands, valued at $2,000,000, at 6 per cent, is $24.0,000, making ia all an annual income for .he Militia of Lower Canada of $729,125 40,. so that the Militia by this system could be rendered self-sustaining to an extent commertxirate with our presumed increase of population. See Tabiv. No. 4. It has been objected that the prospect of refunding is too remote to meet with favorable reception. If so let us look ahead and view the result of the present system at the end of 41 years, as per Table No. 4. We will have expended $16,184,545, and do military security for the money. I will here add that, in common with other military men, I entertain the opinion that men drilled by a sufficient number of competent instruct" 3 HER MILITIA. Ota, under etrict military commaud, daring six weeks prior to being brought into action, would be more efficient and reliable than men instructed iu the loose manner that must of necessity prevail :a a Militia camp of instruction, say nothing of the itrmorality that would be the Inevitable result among the youths of the Province by camp life, without the restraint of that salntory discipline enforced in regular armies, [that cannot be brought to bear on militia bodies in time of peace. The reader will bear in mind that at the end of four years of active service, each Battalion of Militia Staff would be rewarded by a grant of 100 acres per man, to be confdrred on them by patent of perpetual tenure at the end of their 10 years of available service. Located on contigBous farms, and in the event of war prior to the teimination of their service, being all subject by the oath of attestation to military control, each Batta* lion would be an admirable nucleus for the Sedentary Militia, rendering - that force more formidable to an enemy than if left to itself without leaders or instructors ; and if peace prevailed they would cultivate their farms daring that period under the great advantage of the friendly control of intelligent men, on military principles of order and integrity that would secure unity of action and reciprocal aid, leading tu prosperity and happi> ness, the inevitable result of cheerful and well-directed labor, thus obtaining advantages widely different from that which the isolated back- woods man has ever yet enjoyed. I believe the proposed grant of land and settlements of Militiamen has been objected to as most probably ending in failure ; but when it is remembered that the men would be volunteers, or balloted for by law, and attested for 14 years, they would at the end of that period be placed in so improved a condition that it is not reasonable to assume intelligent beings would for a moment hesitate to retain their homes on the terms I have suggested, that are more favorable than any other terms that men of their rural position could obtain if left to their individual exertions. The Militia tenure of land before referred to will be for the consideration of is per acre per annum, to commence at the expiration of the 10 years of availabl<) service; in other words, granted free of rent for ten years. Now, by reference to Account No. 4, that assumes that during 16 years four quotas of Militia Staff for Lower (Canada, each to consist of 3,440 men, shall have been called out, i.e., every fourth year, in 16 years 13,760 well trained men will have been added to the ranks of our defenders, the same Table, No. 4, exhibits that the land-rent from these Militiamen, with the C rdnauce lands, would in 41 years render the Militia of the country self- sustaining. When the Trent affair burst on us, what enthusiastic and loyal devotion we evinced by the liege subjects of Her Most Gracious Majesty, of every cU^e and ^ree4 throughout the Province— but bow were we prepared to 10 CANADA DEFENDED BY I ! t I I give efiect to this noble feeling 7 Had we arms, accoutrements, ammanition, clothing, camp equipage, medical staff and field-hospital equipments, and the yet more necedsary efQcient regimental staff of officers and non-oommis* sioned officers to organize and drill the 300,000 Active Service men of Canada ? And if deficient of all these elements of national defence* how could we h(.ve successfully resisted the aggression of so formidable an army as the Americans would have assailed us with if the untoward event of the Trent had been productive of a war with England ? Having escaped this, is it not prudent to weigh the possibility of a war with the now great military Republic, and anticipating the probability of such an event, adopt the most efficient measures to develope our means of resistance ? Have we progressed in this direction as far as we could ? I think not, and I believe every military man of experience will agree with me that the Province is not prepared to effectually resist a large and well- appointed force, and that the only means of being so, in the absence of a regular army which we cannot sustain, is the formation on a permanent footing of a well-organized Militia Staff, that would secure the incorpo- ration of our three hundred thousand defenders more rapidly and more effectually than any other method that can be proposed, and woich obtained in England for some years after the peace of 1815, when the corps of militia were disbanded but the full regimental staff of each battalion was retained on full pay. And if in England in 1815, with a sea between Ler and the continent, and her ever-victorious fieets guarding her coast, it was deemed prudent to retain in the service the full regimental staff of every Militia regiment of the kingdom, on the remote possibility of a renewal of the war ,in Europe, how much more necessary must it be for us to organize a Militia Staff at this critical phases of the American Government, with nothing but an imaginary line between us? So impor- tant in my humble opinion is the adoption of this measure to England, as being necessary to sustain the integrity of her Empire, that if our finances are for the present inadequate to meet the expenditure consequent on the incorporation of a full and efficient Militia Staff, I hope I will not be con- sidered presumptuous if I express my belief that if a measure of this character were properly submitted to the British Government, we would obtain the necessary pecuniary aid, until the improved condition of our exchequer would enable us to provide for the expenditure, to the sustaining of a force that would, in the event of war between England and the United States, add to the power vt Great Britain 300;000 as good soldiers as ever pulled trigger in defence of Her Majesty's Empire. I now propose to give my reasons for believing in the safe and practical result of a Militia Staff as a preliminary measure to war, for the rapid and efficient organization of 500,000 Active Service men of the Militia of British America that must be incorporated into Battalions, for active service in the El ■,*■-■-' HER MILITIA. 11 event of war, if its ProriQces are to remain an integral part of the greatest Empire the world has yot produced. Oompanies of Militia Staff, as provided for by this plan, and being thoroughly instructed to the standard required of all ranks in the regular army, would be up to their work as the Regimental Staff of Battalions, as far as their numbers would permit. The limits of men and time for drill in this sketch (as stated in Tables No. 2 and 3), is a matter of necessity, not of choice ; and when adequate means are placed at the disposal of the Minister for Militia Affairs, he could augment the force of , Militia Staff from 4 to 8 in a 100, the 8 per cent, being the due proportion to secure efficiency and increase the period of drill to all the year round, as the best means to secure an approximation to perfection, the great essential to military pre- eminence, without which victory is a phantom followed but not obtained. As I am writing for the information of those who may not be conversant with military matters, I will state that every Regiment of Infantary, say of 800 rank and file, require 121 officers and non-commissioned officers of all ranks to sustain that perfect discipline so conspicuous throughout the ranks of the British Army. Now, if this be necessary to sustain order and enforce obedience in corps thoroughly established, how much more so must it be to the organization of raw levies ? And where are you to obtain the Regimental Staff to incorporate and drill the 300,000 Active Service men for Canada, as established by the very last census, if ii>. peace you do not organize a Militia Staff for war, which in Lower Canada is more necessary than in Upper, for as (he men must be taken from the rural population, how are they to be instructed unless in their vernacular tongue ? Wo have seen too much of the absurdity of sending Sergeants not knowing one word of French to drill our French Canadian lads. It the unwelcome tidings of war were announced what a panic would seize the public, what confusion and helplessness would be found. in the Department for Militia Affairs, not from want of ability in the Responsible Minister, but from the nulity of the Militia Act. That honorable gentle* man would have to appoint 7,962 officers of all ranks to take charge of 300,000 Militiamen, officers and men all !gnorant of the important duty suddenly thrust on them ; and whilst the appointments are being made and told off to their respective commands, much precious time is wasted, no progress is made in the organization of 300,0000 Active Service men, and when the 300 Battalions are incorporated, where are you to obtain 24,000 non- commissioned officers for the drill instruction of these inexperienced officers and men, if you have not previously arranged to secure so indispensable a power to the organization of the masses— and will it not be too late when the enemy is thundering with his cannon at jour gates ? If the number of our Active Service men were limited to a few Batta- lions it would be an easy matter to obtain drill-instructors from the regular I 12 CANADA DEPENDED BY service, as was done in the war of 1812 ; but now that our ranks of defenders contain 300,000 men for Canada alone, the necessity of a perfectly well-disoipVined Milita Staff, to give vitality to oar national phalanx, is a manifest necessity — for every man of the Active Service Militia must be incorporated into armies if we wish to avoid being coerced into forming part of the North American Republic ; for I apprehend the third invasion of Canada by that power will be on a scale jf numbers and efSciency calling for a ready demonstration of a powerful and deter- mined front on our part. We are not prepared for such an exhibition, but let us see what a good Militia Staff would do for us. Jf the reader will refer to Table No. 6, he will find that 40 companies of the Lower Canada Militia Staff are stationed in Montreal and 40 at Quebec ; that the companies are told off to counties, in the proportion as near as possible of one company to 1000 men ; that the distance from Montreal and Quebec to the several counties to which the 80 companies are told off will be by steam- boat k'id railwtiy, all within a few hours of their respective appointed local- ities. The reader will also bear in mind that the Captains of companies are, or would be by the present Act of Militia, in possession of a nominal roll of the men couposiug their Battalions, and the officers und non- commissioned officers of the Sedentary Militia should be by law bound to assist them in collecting their men. Now, with this system is it too much to say that 80.G00 men could be mustered, clothed, accoutered and armed in one week? Will any one say that this is not a rapid incorporation of our Active Service mea-> 80,000 men in a week for Lower Canada — or that it is unnecessary ? It will be perceived that I have confined myself to Lower Canada as an example of a principle which, if extended to its full scope through the breadth of the Provinces of British Americn, would organize 500,000 men with the same rapidity and efficiency as had been evinced for 80,000 men in Lower Canada. From this point of view it follows that one Militia Act for all the Provinces of British America is indispensable to consolidate England's power In this hemisphere. And to complete our system of defence we require all that is necessary of arms, ammunition and equipments for 500,000 men, to be deposited in store at safe and central points in Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. We would also require some British infantry, cavalry and artillery, not on account of numbers, but for the moral support their presence would confer on our brave but inexperienced defenders. A good force of British field artillery and cavalry would be mos* valuable, for when opposed to armies of the highest character they are most formidable, and would be still more so to a new army, wanting exrerienced officers and steady infantry under fire, qualities that long wars only can generate, and to which point of steadiness the American army has not yet attained. f HER MILITIA. 18 f defenders perfectly I phalanx, ce Militia g coerced rehend the f numbers and deter- bition, but r will refer ada Militia conapaniea )le of one ibec to the by steatn- ited local- companies a nominal und non- bound to too much ind armed torat.'on of a— or that lada as an rough the ),000 men 00 men in tia Act for onsolidate of defence ments for n Canada, illery, not ice would i be most r are most perienced only can 18 not yet The most striking necessity for a fall and efficient Militia Staff is the proximity of the bases that an invading army from the United States would occupy with reference to our most important positions, that necessitates a rapid organization of our full force. That cannot be accomplished by any other means than by a thoroughly well-trained Staff of Militia, the 80 companies of which being the well-instructed Regimental Staff of as many Battalions would, I repeat ag&in, muster, clothe, arm and accoutre for companies, and incorporate Battalions to the extent of 80,000 men, and in six weeks train them to a more efficient degree than any American army that we may have to repel. But without this organization of our popnlation en maiae it appears to me inevitable that the fate of the Province will be decided by conquest before our 300,000 Active Service men could be brought into the field. If I were writing for the information of military men this imperfect exposition of my views would be easily understood, and many of the profes- sion have expressed their approbation of them ; but as I desire to make myself understsod by those whose calling has given them little or no opportunity of being conversant iu matters so foreign to their daily occu- pations, I take leave to recapitulate the leading features of my humble suggestions. I have given my reasons for apprehending a war between England and the United States, and have proposed a system of Militia that only requires an advance of means to organize, to be refunded in 41 years, leaving a very heavy balance in favor of the Province, with a large annual income for the Militia service. I have pointed out the great necessity of a rapid and efficient organiza- tion of the Active Service men. I have stated that by ^his scheme in 16 years 13,760 well-trained men will, in the event of wsr, torm part of the Sedentary Militia, augmenting its efficiency. I have drawn attention to the proximity of the bases an American army would occupy, with reference to our most important positions. I will now add there is nothing new in the idea of Militia Staff, no room to doubt the value of the system that England has sustained for years with the most happy results. The Militlmen of England were drafted into the line during the Spanish war ; good soldiers, wantiiig but le bapteme du feu to consummate their honorable calling, which they did honor to in many a hard-fought field. 13,760 Militiamen, settled on 1,560,000 acres of wild lands, would by their improved condition be enabled to add wealth to our Treasury, by their ability to consun^e rateable goods ; a new home-field of industry will be opened to the youth of the country, and arrest an emigration to the United .#'t 14 CANADA DEFENDED BY States that has added power to the Repabllo and weakened British America by 249,970 Bonis. More than half that number are most probably from Oanada. Haying to the best of mj rery poor abilities jotted down my thoughts as they suggested themselres, without method or order, I now respectftilly submit them to the consideration of my countrymen as the only means, in my opinion, by which we can defend our homes and institutions — after 20 years' service in the British army, that includes the campaigns of 1812, '13 and '14, and 30 years of employment in the Oanadian Militia, I hope they will be considered sound and worthy of some attention. .„ . ... . MILES EMERITUS. • &4 H iff} pti.r;- l-CWCi J.::.?tV' --;j(."l ; - ■Ki;i~: i:.' .',.-' ■('- ^ "il'NJO 7_- yiw'uii ■-' b.;« ;< iIj:- >*' y J i.~ M..'' •■ > ..,1 ... HER MILITIA. l« to , '^ * CO «o CO t lO ^ ^ CO •»(< 00 «» CC'ltN o o o H w aj ea »- « « O e* S o-c (9 O ^ M M CO CO CO >o ^ x) o M 1-1 M jS CO . « O d ta Q> o 2 CO O A o e o o o o a> ■»tt CO CO CO «* m 04 CO CO CO o o o O X) «9 04 rH 1-1 A ^ S « g ej Mlg< t- a> o M OQUOi o o ^ 0)04 CO CO CO lO f' 19 CANADA DEFENDED BY 04 o-* O O o o u a , P.? So d a o OS e .2,2 a e s M -M ©^ e w 00 iH •ii4 « a» to w OO l-c U CO as O c3 'g-c § a 2 a t3 g- a n o ^ PS o o o -a o P4 a ,2 o o o o CO ■s a o © •a >A P -<) o a o o !zi o o p< 55 14 .2 A^ a ■'; « M If o » ^ P * o M ,© o O I o g. tS •«* s OS a 04 o e © 5 H QD o o HSR MILITIA. # If ooo 0-* o OTjl o o o s to * ss a a P4 (4 S (A H QQ (< O pa o o o a 5 m o s« _\ >• "g-c fll^ •S-o .aS P m as O rr" «§» Mn o SQ QQ o •a o A u xa o o u a o o o H o Hi u 050 DQ m m r ^ Sis CO «H S © a ° a ^ £ §3 ►< 6o:g 5 ?«S •s e o o o e lA o K» e e o iH o e o n b. « £ e ^ S 2 O©0Q © © QQ S4 3 CO M ^H H 53 cc? 3 P4 00 : 4 I CO o as CO -3 n I 0» i to CD 18 CANADA DEFENDED BY ^'% M p 53 P4 H H a S 1 4 g I PS a£ S « ct s -g o «- «« ... _ J< "> g 2 "3 « To ■a 5 -3 o p "3 S o 04 H R O Bi O P o K ■< flu o H o M o fa 1-1 o CO o 00 e 00 t-ift •^ te o *» o r-lt- O lO ■^ Cfl ■^ 1-1 e o a> a> a> 1 1 '^ 'O 'tf TS "^ r^ ^«o -^ o -^ ^ • • • ^ • • • w OQ m • n OQ Vi 1-H <0 C^ oqfH i-t iH .(4 Q v n m •3 g ►- § i -S g e| ^ a » © * « « .S © 5 o > B o t^ u QQ ;;> &4 m •aaaKflii rH 9? iH W Tjf F^ iH —I o 1-1 iH iH «© ») 00 If* CB « a o .© © I 00 u a >. A a 9 o i 3 a H ■^i* PS CO © 09 © 60 •3 i © © t^ * h © 00 s •3g S-o 7j C o » o ©•r » ill o H fl o 1* e3 .9 o a © of •s St pi; ^g o a © 9 133 CO 00 o> CO o 00 1 'a ^ o o eo o *9 I YQ. ^m^i^m^ .hnfiM'.' m I. V r^MVA'i .W.^ ^.. i ^ l |j,Mi * j ji iMt i .,;'nij j>i ^W «>i r;< j ^^ ^ii^jffci'^. . -«^..« ^«- - ^ . -■;•(- 1. il^•.^); ,. .. > . I"' ' if ■•"'■■"«i.ia''Jf ^ ■1 ; >x ,v1iru/. '^'•■1 .^. - .-\:- . .... .... •'■')M ■:. ■ ) , •-IV,- , ,.. "> » 1 ( 00 o> 1 CO 1 o 1 ""X 00 «f« ," ■ • ■ _ ^ , ii-.:^ :'\\l , .. , ... ..■'jwfJ'i.ii'M'.. ■«;.!>! .-■'■ '-'.i- r:'',^s,i*r( ' r 'o ./ -^ . . ' . ■•;■■■ ■ :d;, '•'. 4< ,-'.-'•■■•**■''■ .1. !'■ J. .SH-'/iS: .jtl' ■■ .i!.!' ../-, . v^•rOT a,t- ;i llHi, , .'r,)^: * ..'z^';; :• ■'■! t|v 'J r!-!,-'?.- U .^'.i : '3(1.' so CANADA DEFENDED BT TABXiE MILITIA STAFF IN ACCOUNT WITH THE PROVINCE To Regimental Pay of the 4 quotas of Militia Staff for 16 years, Mper Statement on tlie other side of this sheet £840,698 18 4 To Regimental Allowances to the 4 quotas of Militia Staff for 16 years, as per Statement on the other side of this sheet, • Wood 41,496 U Candles 2,766 8 Straw , 3,466 47,718 8 To Regimental Pay to Medical Staff for 16 years, as per State* ment on the other side of this sheet 4,710 8 To Regimental Clothing for the 4 quotas of MUitia Staff, as per Statement on the other side of this sheet 82,000 £926,127 9 4 $3,700,509 86 Balance in favor of the Province at the end of 41 years $2,967,090 14 $6,667j600 00 With a continual annual rent ttom 1,660,000 acres of Land at Is. anacre £78,000 or $312,000 00 Interest of the above balance of $2,057,090 14 at 6 per oeut. 177,425 40 $4,000,000 at 6 per cent for Ordnance Lands 240.000 00 Annual income for MUitia purposes at the end of 41 yearo *$729,425 40 B1& MIUIIA. No. 4. /', .-! OF CANADA, FOR A PERIOD OF FORTY-ONE YEARS. By Rent of 456,000 aerei of Land at Is. p^r aore per annum, payable by the lat quota of Militia Staff dur- ing 27 years, oomntenoing at the ezpiratioa of 14 years Service ., £015,800 or $3,482,400 3y Rent of 368,000 acres of Land at Is. per aore per annum, payable by the 2nd quota of Militia Staff during 28 years, commencing at the expiration of 14 years Service £423,200 or $1,882,800 By Rent of 868,000 acres of Land at Is. per acre per annum, payable by the 3rd quota of Militia Staff dur- ing 10 years, commencing at the expiration of 14 pears Service , £340,600 or $1,398,400 By Rent of 368,000 acres of Land at Is. per acre per annum payable by the 4th quota of Militia Staff dur- ing 16 years, commencing at the expiration of 14 years Service £276,000 or $1,104,000 6,657,600 $6,657,600 *The interest on the balance of the above account, the Is. rent per acre, and the value of the Ordnance Lands, sums up ap below stated, to $729,425 40 The estimates for the year ending 30th of Jane, 1865, amount to $394,745 for 41 years. 394,745 1,578,980 $16,184,545 amoant expended at the end of 41 years if present system of Militia be continued. / CANADA PIFENDBD BT TABLE ' U 'iJi>J'm>,.Mf-n--:u wi^-i AORICULTtmAL PRODUCE OF CANADA EAST TOR THE TEAR 1860, ■ •• ■ .if ■,!'. . !■; As per Census of 1860-1. Agrionltural Produce of Lower Canada for the year I860. Wheat Barley Rye Poaa Oats Buckwheat Potatoes Turnips Carrots Mangle Wurtzel Beans Hops, lb Maple Sugar, lb. Wool, lb Hay, Tons* Flax and Hemp Indian Corn....... No. of Bushels. 2,654,354 2,281,674 844,192 2,548,777 17,651,296 1,250,025 12,770,471 892,4L4 293,067 207,256 21,384 53,387 9,325,147 1,967,388 689,997 957,828 b34,861 A r4 |s 00 69 50 80 30 50 30 30 30 30 60 40 5 38 20 50 Aggregate amount. 2,654,351 1,369,004 422,096 2,119,021 6,265,388 635,012 3,8^1,141 r "7,730 27,920 27,920 62,176 10,692 21,354 466,257 649,238 5,869,104 191,565 167,430 25,079,487 00 40 00 60 80 56 30 20 10 80 00 80 35 4 00 60 50 :;i * Calculated at Canadian load of 1800 lbs at $8. The population of Canada West, say 1,500,000, will yield 250,000 labourers for field work ; thej' produce agricultutal products equal, ae per this Table, to $63,900,645. This sura, divided among 250,000 labourers, would make the annual proceeds of each man's labour, about equal to $255, or say 81 cents for the work- ing days of the year. Hence, if you abstract the labour of 25,000 men for 20 days, at 81 cents a day, you have 26,000x81r20...- $405,060 To thiff add pay for 250,000 men, ar 50 cents per man, and you hare 25,000x50x20 250,000 656,000 i)*' i HEB MILITIA. 23 No. 5. AaRICULTURAL PRODUCE OF CANADA WEST FOR THE YEAR 1860. As per Census of 1860-2. Agricultural Produce of Upper Canada for the year 1860. Wheat '. Barley Ryo Peas- Buckwheat Botatocs Oats Turnips Carrots Mangle Wurtzel. Beans Hops, lbs Maple Sugar, lbs Wool, lbs Hay, tons Flax and Hemp . Indian Oom- No. of Bushels. 24,620,425 2,821,902 973,181 9,601,396 1,248,637 15,325,920 21,220,874 18,205,959 1,995,598 546,971 49,143 247,052 6,970,605 3,659,766 861,864 1,225,934 2,66,290 u * _: 00 60 50 80 60 30 30 30 30 30 50 40 5 33 8 20 50 Aggregate Amount 24,620,425 1,693,177 486,590 7,681,115 624,318 4,597,776 6,366,262 5,462.087 571,679 164,091 24,571 98.820 348,5.S0 1,207,722 3,580,144 245,186 1,128,145 63,900,647 00 20 50 80 50 00 20 70 40 30 60 80 25 78 00 80 00 73 *$8 a load, 1800. On the same data for Canada East, at an approximate value, you have say 25,000 men at 30 cents a day for 20 days, or abstraction of field labor, and 25,000 men at 50 conts a day for 20 days pay, hence you havd for Lower Canada, 25,000x30x20 150,000 00 25,000x50x29 250,000 00 400,000 00 TothJe add for Canada West 655,000 00 Total 1,056,000 00 Much too large a sum, without any advantage to our Agricultural interesti ^nd BO security in the event of war with the U. S, 24 CANADA DEFENDED BY TABLE TABLE exhibiting the number of Active Service Men in certain Counties organization in the event of war. The distance to which Militia respective Corps, and by what conveyance and time taken to reach Companies tcid c£f from, to, by numbers, and to what Division. TFroml to 6 to"! ■I the Ist Division > ( 1st District. J f From 6 to 12 to J the 2d Division, ( Ist District. r From 13 to 17 in ■< the 3d Division, (1st District. r From 18 to 21 to < 4th Division, (1st District. ( From 22 to 40 ■i to 5th Division (ist District. ) 1 ,1 J a a o o 19 Counties to which Compa- nies are told off. ],ndrieul f archere, ■< ississquoi. ( Rouville, St. Hyacinthe, Richilieu, Yamaska, Chambly, Beauharneis Huntingdon 4 ! Ottawa, : { Two Mountains, Terrebonne,! Hochelaga, B. City of Montreal, Berthicr, H. St. Maurice. it 0. of men ion. r ^H »o.?S " 3 gate ervic BDi\ a<5^ 1 No. of vice ] Coun 0-- No. of Head Distr r i 1490 22 R.R. 1628 30 R.R. 1957 60 '5 34 RR. 1743 30 R,R. 1867 40 R.R. 2161 50 R.R. 1636 7407 60 R.R. 1626 15 R.R. 1822 25 S.B. 2070 6518 45 S.B. 4486 4486 103 S.B. 1905 34 S.B. 1965 34 march 1996 33 march 10909 , ,, , H.Q. 1580 60 S.B. 1072 19427 90 S.B. 3 a a a o n 1 00 1 30 1 34 30 00 15 00 45 6 00 8 00 12 00 7 00 44 00 40 00 12 00 18 00 40 Companies of Militia Staff, to organize 41,883 Active Service men of the 1st Militia District of Lower Canada, Head Quarters Montreal. The Companies told off from Montreal and Quebec, tho Head Quarters of the 1st and Militia District, would bear the number on their arms, accoutrements and appointments of their respective corps, that is of the Regiments they would have to organize, in the event of war, as Infantry, Rifles, Artillery or Cavalry. N. Boat. B. The letters in the eolumn of conveyance, R.R. Rail Road, S.B. Steam HER MILITIA. 25 No. 6. • ... _:;;:- of Lover Canada, ihe number of Companies required for their efficient StaflF Compaiiit'S would tiave to be detached for the incorporation of their their several divisious. C'tmpanies told oflF and to wlint Div'.'jion. Fr,.in4l to '17. 1st Division, 2nd District. From 48 to 64 2 Division 2 Dis- trict. Prom 55 to 61t, 3 Division 2 Dis trict. From 60 to 63, 4th Division, 2 District. 64 to 65, 2 Divi- sion, 2 District. Si e. a o O { Counties to which Compa- nies are told off. Dorchester, Bellechasse, L'lslet, Kamouraaka. Lotbini^re, 7 ■( 1 Megantie, Nicolet. Drummondville, Shefford, Stanstead, Sherbrooko Citj'. Rimouski, Bonaventure, Gaspe Saguenay. Prom 65 to 80. 6 Division, 2 Dis- 16 j trict. r Montmorenci. I City of Quebec, ('ounty of Quebec, Portneuf. Champlain. H; a a's Sn <>.s t>> "<-| a 4J T O 1= t" 0^ 1759 MS 2 ^^5 a o 30 R.R. 1792 40 RR. 1339 60 R.R. 2289 7179 85 R.R. 2505 40 R.R. 2511 60 R.R. 2023 7039 70 S.B. 1428 75 R.R. 1865 120 R.R. 1519 130 R.R. 720 5691 S5 RR. 2215 150 S.B. 1718 380 S.B. 1686 4619 390 S.B. 1634 1634 120 SB. 1704 45 SB. 6015 Head Quarte 3325 16 march 2183 40 S.B. 2910 16137 60 S.B. D a to u a o » 1 30 2 00 3 00 4 05 2 00 3 00 3 30 3 35 10 00 13 00 4 05 30 00 76 00 72 00 24 00 9 00 ers. 12 00 8 00 12 00 40 Compantes to organize 42199 of the 2nd Militia District of Lowei- Canada, Head Quarters Quebec.