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SKVEN ^'iwVRS ^ M ■ — OF- f1 i'Liberal Governieat. ij !;: ELECTORS' GUIDE. 11 lis t.«>««i.il»M»*<>*MJ*MM««tlMW4M.«KMJ>*»tltWW>*4«M»»t»»»»WM**»««*tMaiM»*MM»»»>M>MiU*«.tMfci*M*« ■■<*■-''■* *»»M >»*»«* ***«^ > J*^ E Gov shal folic t-»-t^ -/' OJ^^TARip El^QTJONS ^aooo. f .01 1 /..idix) -« ELECTORS' «^UIDE -v»>- In reviewing succinctly the acts and policy of the Government of Ontario for the past seven years, we shall find it convenient to divide the subject under the following heads :— . vteiiitiiit^ \^^*'i 1. Leqislatioit. 2. Administr-vtiok. fiij lo fvbhaq £\o ?^\ Si. Finance. 'i?'>E»Ju 1*1 ^&i# iQ ^iWOaU^ ^i}^i,ul■ 4. Charges and Critioisms. .ao:j^„ PAHT L SEVEN YEARS' [ i OF SUOOBSSFUL LEGISLATION. 1871—1876. 1876—1879. The Legislation of the three years immediately pre- ceding the last general election, was fully discussed and triumphantly endorsed by the electors of Ontario on that occasion ; but it will require notice in connection with subsequent measures and events. To the laws placed upon the Statute Book of Ontario since the change of Government at the end of 1871, the^ people of this province largely owe the moral and material progress that has taken place during the seven years just terminated. These laws have in no small degree tended to ameliorate the sufferings and diffi- culties of a period of vmiversal depression. They have lightened local burdens ; they have provided for the relief and protection of tie afflicted ; th-ey have made justice more accessible ; they have opened new fields for enterprise and labour. Never in the history of any country did so short a period witness the accomplish- ment of a larger amount of useful and beneficent legis- lation. . I" N. ;ely pre- ssed and tario on pncction the laws ince the 71, the^ ral and Ing the e in no nddiffi- ey have for the re made ^ fields 7 of any tmplish- it legia- To this T^coislation the fullest effect has bccii given by a vigorous, l)ut at t\\*^ SiUi)o tim^ prudent adminis- tration of tlie public dmi^ifs; fiOng-Htanding conten- tions have been brought to a aalji^jfjicto^y conclusion ; controversies involving torritorial rioliia of great mag- nitude and importance have been sucresafuUy main- tained ; large numbers 6t tlnifty and industrious set- tlers now people lauds that, eightj years since, could claim but a mere handful of poptrlation ; a judicious appropriation of the surplus revenue has, in all direc- tions, promoted public undertakings and improvements; districts not long ago regarded as remote and all but inaccessible are now brought within reach of the centres of commerce ; the wants of every class of the people and the just claims of every section have been regarded, and, as far as possible, satisfied. , The needs of the present have been supplied without leaving any bur- dens for the future to bear. And, at the end of seven years, the Government of Ontario can, with no sacrifice of truth, assert that there stands not against it, to be submitted for the condemnation of the electors, one act amounting to a dereliction of duty, or one stain upon its record of fidelity and honest devotion to the public interest. 18711876. LEGISLATION. OtmSB AMD P0WKB8 OF PEOVIMOIAI. MOISIJiTORES. ImportMit Fnaetlona. The very responsible duties &nd the extensive powers delegated by the Constitution to the Proyinoial Leginlatures are sometimes forgot- ten. There are persons who even attempt to depreciate the influence of these bodies and to deprive them of the place they should occupy in pub- lic estimation by representing them to be mere municipal conneilifi, of little more than an executive or administrative character. No one can entertain this view who properly understands the functions with which, by the British North America Act, the Local Legislatures are exclusively endowed. It will be seen by a glance at the matters thus delegateci to Provincial authority that, while the Federal Parliament may deal with subjects covering a wider area and involving more complicated inters jts, the Provincial Legislatures have to do with questions which, in their relation to the material progress, the moral well-being and social happiness of the people, are of an importance that cannot pos- sibly be overrated. The 02nd section of the British North America Act, 18G7, provides as follows : The Provincial Charter. In each Province the Legislature ?}my exchisively make laws in relation to matters coming within the classes of subjects next herein- after enumerated, that is to say : The amendment from time to time, notwithstanding anything in this Act, of the Constitution of the Province, except as regards th» office of Lieutenant-Governor. Direct taxation within the Province in order to fhe raising of a revenue for Provincial purposes. The borrowing of money on the sole credit^ of the Province. The establishment and tenure of Provincial offices, and the ap- pointment and payment of Provincial officers. The mant^ement and sale of the Public Lands belonging to th« Province, ami of the timber and wood thereon. The establishment, maintenance and managehient of Public and Reformatory Prisons in and for the Province. The establishment, maintenance and management of Hospitals, Asylums, Charities, and Eleemosynary Institutions in and for the Province, other than Marine Hospitals. Muntbipal institutions in the Province. raa kL Bgated by e» foTgot- fluence of py in pub- mnoil9, of ^o one can irith which, jxclusivdy I delegatele4BeM. "In 1872 thwe Munidpal debt*, with the intorMt iip«n them, araoant- •d to BomethinR like TWELVE MILLIONS OP DOLLARS. Munici- Salities which could have paid, and haH no sort of equitable or Juit efence for not paying, had not paid. Some of those, which were owing very large aunia to the fund, had for many years made no payment on account of piincipal or interest to the Province, and others lad for a considerable number of yeart been equal'y neglectful of their duty. All this time the body of the people, including those who resided m unindebted municipalities, were paying the interest upon the money, which had been borrowed by the indebted municipalities, and which they had not repaid. Those who had derived no benefit from the money were thus paying for it, as well as those who had derived all the benefit. And that was not the only wrong connected with thia state of things." Improvements Retarded. ''Important sections of the country hod been kept back in tho race of improvement in consequence of the heavy indebtedness which lay upon them, and which it was well known that they could not discharge — which it was utterly beyond their power to pay. In some of these cases sums 80 large had been lent that from the first it was beyond the power of the borrowing municipalities to repay them ; and in other cases, where it had not been beyond their power to repay the loans oiiKinaUy, it had become beyond their power by the accumulations of unpaid interest. Property in these localities was depreciated ; men were adtraid to settle there ; and the consequence was, tnat important sections oi our cotmtiy were not partaking of the general prosperity of the rest of the Province, and which it was the common interest of the whole country that every part of it should enjoy." Folitictl Bondsse. " There wa? another evil which in one sense was a worse one than those I have mentioned ; namely, that the danger, which every munici- pality in default was in of being at any time called up<« suddenly to pay, had the effect of keeping municipalities to a large extent in chaina to the Government of the day, and was a source of an undue influence over some of those municipalities, from which the whole country suffered. • • « • • You know that we took up the subject in the first session after you had given me your confidence and elected me as your rt^re* sentative ; and to settle the difficulty it was our good fortune to devise a measure which gave sati .faction to the whole country and to all parties in the country." Jastice to all done. "We found a way, which the Legislature adopted, and by whidi the indebted municipalities were relieved, upon principles admitted at the time to be just and at the same time s&tiuaetory to the unindebted municipaUties ; and we compelled those de£a)4|i|ig npu^ipe^tioi to pay that were able to pay, and had no equitable reason t6 iitge ^ not Saying. We required these to pay to the ext^t of their ability, and we efined certain i>rinciple4 by which that oljject ihould. bo f ^piHuapUahed without favouritism to any." I them, amount- IRS. Munici- uitablo or Juit ioh were owing no payment on bhers rad for a of their dutv. «rho resided in >on the money, iies, and which rora the money iJl the benetit. bate of things." kinthoraee of vhich lay upon ot discharge — a of these cases rond the power in other cases, as originally, it rapaid interest, afraid to settle i oi our country f the Province, itry that every roTse one than L every munid- (m suddenly to xtent in chains adue influence >untry suffered. I;he first session u your repre- ime to devise a d to all pwrtiea ni. -■-•■ d by which the Emitted at the he unindebted i^ipi^tiM to tdiage-fyvTiot ability, and we »#^4HanpU«h«d lo preference Bboini« ^ ** In that settlement no part^ preferences were observed ; we applied the same rule to Tory municipalities as we did to those which were Refoi-ro, and as wo did to those which were neither Tory nor Reform, if there were any such. Our scheme passed almost without oritioism at the time ; and allhough you may now and then hear a little carping at this or the otiier feature of it, there has never to this day been suggested by any- body a comprehensive scheme which it was even claimed would have been superior to ours ; and I therefore venture to say there never will be. That was one great Provincial problem, then, which had defied our predecessors, and with which we grappled promptly and success- fully." SURPLUS DISTRIBUTION. Under this Act not only has the vast load of municipal indebtedness been relieved, but the sum distributed in pursuance of the scheme, has amounted up to 31st December, 187B, to no less than $8.285.878 AND ALL m WORKS OF GREAT PUBLIC UTILITY, as follows : How the Money has been applied. In roads and bridges ^i,l81,682 08 In paying debts caused by granting aid to railwav 907,889 Ti In paying other debts incurred for permanent works no^-nHjifled . i,6/9 66 In educational purposes, including schoolhouses built, school aebts paid, and mvestments fur school purposes y*^!! 468 36 In building and improving town halls i.47,346 40 (72 town halls have been built or paid for, and a large number of markets and lock-ups) In town and village improvements, by construction of water-works, making sidewalks, planting shade-trees, and buying steam firei-engines.. 76,437 65 In making and iaapioving harbours 43,749 46 In drainage 27,642 27 In paying share of cost of cotmfry buildings, and aid- ing in the erection of miUs and manufactories 13,382 60 ^ In buying and laying out public parks and agricul- tural society grounds 4,954 26 In the purchase and improvement of cemeteries. ... 1,917 02 In aid given to unorganized districts, in making roads and bridges, and building schools. 6,334 82 Total $3,225,378 54 ^Bvd$et Speech, 1879, p. 46. ' FURTHER AID TO RAILWAYS The Railway Aid Scheme of Mr. Sandfield Macdonald was stripped of its objectionable features in the Session held under Mr. Blake's RMMH n ftmdnCajif and hu b«eii snpplcmented bya Mries of libera] RaOway meanores passed under the auspices of Mr. Blake and Mr. Mowat. The results have been that in addition to the Municipal Loan Fund distri- bution, there has been already expended in aid to railways no less a sum than $2279,024 . The several Bailways aided obtained municipal bonuses amounting to $7.139.480. And the assistance given has led to a total expenditure all tending to encourage industry, to give employment, to stimulate trade, and to relieve depression, of no less than $22 885,180 . Aided BailirajH Completed. The railways completed show a total mileage of 1,357 miles, and there are still some 321 nxiles in progress. The railways aided under the several Acts have been the following : — Canada Ceutral ; Cobourg, Peterboro' and Marmora ; Grand Junction ; Hamilton and Lake Erie ; Kingston and Pembroke ; Midland ; Montreal and Ottawa ; North Grey ; Port Dover and Huron ; Whitby and Port Perry ; Northern Extension; Toronto and Nipissing ; Toronto, Grey and Bruce; Wel- lington, Grey and Bruce ; Canada Southern Extension ; Credit Valley ; Hamilton, and North-western ; London, Huron and Bruce ; Brautford and Port Burwell ; Prince Edward County ; Victoria ; Lake Simcoe Junction ; Belleville and North Hastings ; Stratford and Lake Huron ; Prince Arthur's Landing and Kamlnistiquia ; Port Stanley ; Strathroy and Port Franks ; and North Simcoe. The above statistics are all taken from returns certified hy (ke Et».gineer of the Public Works Department, Mr. Molesworth, and appended to Mr. Treasurer Wood's Finawnal Fioteiment for 1879. The Legislature Consolted. The principle which has guided the Railway Aid Distribution was that foreshadowed in the following resolution moved by Mr. Blake in 1871, and followed by him in his Railway Aid Amendment Act of 1872. " That the decision of the Government to grant aid to any railway company shall be subject to the ratification of tne Legislative Assembly ; 80 ao not to leave so lai^e a sum of money as one million five hunditid thousand dollars to be expended at the will of the Executive, without a vote appropriating the same to particular works." — Jowmals Leg. Ass., 1870-1, p. 140. There is consequently not one shadow of suspicion that any single appropriation has been made in any other than the public interest. in f. Mow^t. The BA Fund distri- Lways no less a as amounting to ) all tending to i trade, and to ,357 miles, and lys aided under utral ; Cobourg, and Lake Erie ; Ottawa ; North *erry ; Northern lid Bruce ; Wel- ; Credit Valley ; ruce ; Brautford Lake Simcoe id Lake Huron ; tnleyj; Strathroy dhyUhe Et^gineer appended to Mr. Hstribution was )y Mr. Blake in Unt Act of 1872. to any railway lative Assembly ; Ion five hundred futive, without a il$ Leg. Aa».t that any single Ilic interest. MOTIVES FOR A LIBERAL FINANCIAL POUOT. Th« motiTes which have actuated the Reform Goremments of Ontario, in adopting » bold and liberal financial policy, have been more than once referred to by the Premier in his recent speeches. At Woodstock (Deo. IS, 1878>, after showing that, after providing for aU liabilities, a handsome surplus of some 4} millions still re- mained in hand, Mr. Mowat said : Hoarding not Trae Economy. If we had no surplus now, and if in that respect we were now no better off than any other Province is (for not one of them has a sur- plus), our mode of employing the surplus was such as to entitle my friends and myself to look for a renewal of the confidence' and support of the people. We did not think it a good thing, and it would not have been a good thing, to hoard up the money which was in the public treasury, or was coming into it ; and we therefore employed it in ways that were far better, and more beneficial to the people, than hoarding it in banks wouid have been. If we had not only employed every cent of the old surplus from all sources, and had nothing of it now remaining, but if we had also used up the whole annual revenue of every year, in necessary or useful annual expenditure, we should have been justiiied in asking you for your continued confidence, oii the ground that the expenditure was wise and proper — was such as the country has derived more than corresponding benefit from, con- tinues to derive such benefit from, and will continue to profit by for I years to come. , ^ And again at Toronto (January 8th, 1870), the Attorney-General spoke as follows : ^ The revenue is far more than sufficient to pay for the cost of the great governmental purposes of legislation, civil government, and the skI ministration of justice- In fact these — which alone are essential functions of Government — do not take up much more than one-fiith of our revenue. What shmild be done with the balance ? What was the best thing to be done with it ? It would be the absurdest policy in tlie world for the population of the present day to reserve per- manently the whole of that balance in order to benefit our successors at our expense. The country is getting richer, there will be a larger population in it by-and-by, and the generation to come will be better able than we are to bear whatever expense it may be necessary for that gener- ation to incur. There is another reason why we who are poorer sliould not be hoarding money in order tc give it in the form of money to those who will be richer — a wise employment of our money not only benefits our- selves in the meantime, but benefits our posterity more than if we hoarded the money for them. If we spend money on public works, railways, and like useful objects, not only the population of to-day but the population of ten years hence, and of a longer period than that, will be richer for the wiro employment of public money now, and will be benefited more than if we had hoarded the money that they might spend it in their day. That is the view acted upon in all oountriei in the world. 1 — X Id • • • * It Is not to b« forgotten that a larg* permanent snr I^iM u an anonialjr, an exceptional atate of things, and that in all self- govemed oonununities it is felt by all classes of the people and by all parties, to be in general a wise thing to expend usefully frdm year to vear the whole revenue. I say to expend usefully, for it would be a bad thing to expend uselessly any part of what we have. But if the whole is usefully expended, and with requisite care, we have the testi- mony of the world that it is better that the annual revenue should as a rule be employed and not hoarded. The Depression AUeTlated- The effect of the expenditure for useful objects of the past seven years, was also, in the Woodstock speech, shown to havt been largely and directly in the public mterest. The period during which this large amount of money wt3 expended was a period of depression, arising from causes which have been dis- cussed 'x>nsiclerably of late, which most of you are now familiar with, and which did not affect one nation only, but affected the entire com- mercial world. It is a remarkable fact that, though Ontario shared in the depression, it suffered less than most other countries did ; and one cause of that circumstance undoubtedly was, that, during that trying period, these twenty-two millions of doUars were being expended in the building of the local railways of the country. It was not only the spending of that large sum that made us feel the depression less than it was felt elsewhere. The railways so built increased values gener- ally, as fast as the railways were completed. They increased , in the country through which they passed, the value of farm property, of farm labour, and of farm products ; they diminished the expense and difficulty of bringing products to market ; they led to the creation of new villages, and they increased the prosperity of villages and towns already existing. These railways served, too, to facilitate the settlement of our unoccupied lands, to promote commercial and social intercourse, and in various ways, directly and indirectly, they added to '^he wealth, the comfort, and the general well-being of the people. Our railway expenditure, leading as it did to so many direct and so many incidental advantages, constituted a very important factor in the causes of the comparative freedom which this Province enjoyed from the distress that pre vailed in other countries. FURTHER MEASURES OF 1871-2. Pledges in Opposition Redeemed. Amonff the important Ministerial measures passed in 1871-2 under Mr. Blake s Premiership were : — "An Act further to secure the Independence of the Legislative Assembly," which prohibited members from holding, at the nomination of the Crown, offices payable by fees. A measure to Abolish Dual Representation. An Act providing for the institution of Suits against the Crown by Petition of Bight An Act to allow matters to be proved imder oath for the purpoeea of the Legislative Assembly. 11 rmanent sur at in all self- le and by all frdm year to I; wotild be a . But if the ave the testi- lua should as le past seven . been largely wt3 expended lave been dia- familiar with, lie entire com- ;ario shared in did ; and one ng that trying upended in the 3 not ©nly the >sion less than values gener- reased , in the irm property, d the expense ;o the creation villages and facilitate the Icial and social [y, they added if the people, direct and so t factor in the enjoyed from 1871-2 under le Legislative le nomination 1st the Cro^m the purpoMt Aots pRyvi4ing for the Bemission of certain sanu da» by Settlers in Free Giant Townsbini. and granting a Icaig delityed measure otreli^ to Settlers in arrear on Cfommon School Lands. An Act enabling the Qovenunent to advance money upon Municipal Debentures in aid of Drainage, at a charge for interest of five per cent, per annum. An Act limiting the Incomes of Registrars, and providing that fees in excess of their le^ emoluments should be paid over to the county. An Act to extend the rights of property of married women. At the same time the Act under which the previous Gotem- ment had taken arbitrary powers to divide counties for registration pur- poses was repealed. ^ Siglits or Harried WomcBt Alluding to this measure, Atty -General Mowat said, with respect to the property oi married women : "Tou know how barbarous the old English laws on that sub- ject were. They had been modified from time to time in Canada, but until this time a married woman was not entitled to_ her own earnings ; a dissolute, drunken, or thriftless husband might take the whole, unless she went before a magistrate, proved her husband's misconduct, uid obtained an order of protection. That was a pro- ceeding which experience showed that few women cared to take, even though they were great sufferers, and it was imjust to require that a poor woman, besides the misfortune of having a bad husband, should be compelled to expose to the .world the unhappy condition of herself and her children. A law was therefore passed which removed the in- justice, and gave to a married woman a right to her own earnings with- out that previous process. " Abolition of Dual Representation. Of the important measures passed by Mr. Blake, I may first refer to the Abolition of Dual Kepresentation, the disqualifying of members of the House of Commons from being members of the Pro- vincial Assembly. The.two jurisdictions are distinct and unconnected, and demand so much time that it was thought impossible for the same person to dischaive satisfactorily the impoitant duties of both. This was strongly felt by the people, and something was done by Mr. Sand- field Macdonald to remove the grievance. He procured the passing of a law that no Senator or member of the Privy Coiincil should be a member of the Provincial Assembly, and that no member of the House of Commons should be a member of the Executive Coimcil of the Pro- vince. He stopped there, however. UnHer Mr. Blake's leadership the Legislature went further, and passed a j.:.w disqualifying members of the House of Commons from sitting or voting as members .»f the House of Assembly after the then next election for the House of Com- mons. Before that time arrived, and to prevent Mr. Blake and Mr. Mackenzie from remaining in the Local Assembly for another session, Sir John Macdonald and his party passed an Act disqualifying merj- bers of a Provincial Assembly irom being even candidates for the House of Commoiiu. — AU'y-General Mowa^a Speech at TormUo. It will be seen how thoroughly Reform principles pervaded the wliole of the mass of legislation enacted in the session of 1871-2. 12 NOT A SINGLE FLEDGE GIVEN IN OPPOSITION THAT GOULD THEN BE REDEEMED WAS ALLOWED TO STAND UNFULFILLED EVEN FOR ONE SESSION. SESSION 1878. (Beldfrom Jan. 8th to March g9(h, 187S.) MBBlclpal law. The Session of 1873 witnessed the much needed consolidation of the Mnnieipal Ooda The yroik was a laborious one, bat most com- pletely effected under the direction of Hon. A. Crooks, who had charge of the measure in the House. More than 1,000 sections were reduced into half that number, and the whole of the numerous Acts relating to municipal government were combined Lx^e statute. The result was to make this important class of legislation plain and intelligible m far as possible to everybody. Subsequent sessions have witnessed various im- provMasnts in the Municipal Law; among others the adoption of the vote by ballot in connection with Municipal Elections, and the voting on municipal by-laws ; and a measure providing for the preparation and purification of Muuicipal Voters' Lists. ** A Ho8t Perfect Code." 7n our first session we made provision for facilitating the work of self-government by collecting all the various Acts relating to our muni- cipalities. Tliesc Acts were scattered through the statute books of several years ; considerable diflficulty was coaseqaontly experienced by the people, who were not lawyers, and who had to carr> out these laws ; and it was evident that the simplest law possible on the subject was desirable. My colleague and friend, Mr. Crooks, undertook the work, and during the first session of my premiership a new Act was passed consolidating and revising all the old Acts, ^nd producing a result of which, in connection with the Assessment Act^ the late Chief Justice Harrison — who probably was more familiar with the subject than any other lawyer or judge— said, " THAT THESE ACTS WERE THE MOST COMPLETE AND PERFECT CODE OP THE KIND THAT HE KNEW OF IN ANY COUNTRY OP THE WORLD." — Atty.-Oetieral Mowafs Speech at Toronto, Jan. 8, 1879. Toronto Vnlrerslty— Admlnigtration of Jasttee— licensing Acts- Masters and Workmen— Mechanics' Liens— School of Practical Science— Controverted Election Law— Imntgrants' Aid Societies. In the same session (1873), the Government carried a measure for the better administration of justice. Another Ministerial measure gave a more liberal system of govern- ment td the University of Toronto. ^ The Licensing Acts were amended. ' -' I A crowd of other measures w6re carried. Thes« included : — ^n Aot to fadlitLtetheacyiutmentof dispat«ib«twiin ulMten and fnHrkmttk IS rrioN THAT D TO STAND ) loUdation of tlie bat most com- yrho had charge ns were reduced Acts relating to lie result was to Eligible aa far as issed various im- adoption of the iudthe voting on preparation and iitig the work of ing to our muni- tatute books of experienced by out these laws ; the subject was srtook the work, Act was passed iicing a result of ite Uhief Justice subject than any S WERE THE THE KIND 'HE WOKLD." 79. . , eenftlng Ae^s-^ »1 of Practical ' Aid Societies. rried a measure ratem of govern- laded :-^ MB alMtcn and An Aot to ertablish Liens in favour of Mechanics and othen. An Act to establish a School of Practical Science. An Act amending the Election Law and the Law relating to Con- troverted Elections. And an Act to provide for the Incorporation of Immigrants' Aid Societies. Legislation for tbe Worklnc Classes. B/aferring to this class of Legislation, Mr. Mowat in his Toronto speech said : ** We have passed laws secxiring to mechanics, labourers and others, alien for their pay on the property on which their labour is expended ur their materials used, so far as this seemed practicable without preju- , " An extensive revision of the School Laws was then made, so that the Chief Superintendent, Rev. Dr. Ryerson, though he did not approve of some of our amendments, yet publicly stated that he regarded the additions and changes which wc had made as on the whole so important and Taloable as to conttitatt a new aia ia sehoel legislation.* 14 !=0 ' / )!"' Th« Minister of Kdoeatlon. In * lubsequent Session (1876-6), the important change was made of placing the Educational Department under a responsible Minister of the Crown instead of a permanent Superintendent. In regard to this step and the results that have ensued from it, the Attomey-Qeneral, in the same speech as that just quoted, said : " Since theh, on the recommendation of Dr. Rjerson and others in- terested in the work of education, we took the responsibility of having a Minister of Education instead of a Chief Superintendent ; and all the proceedings of the Education Department are now subject to be challenged in the Bouse, and there the Mmister of Education must defend what- ever he does or omits to do iu regard to school matters. We selected for Minister a gentleman of ability ; of high moral character ; and in every other way fitted to be the head of the educational system of the country. Mr. Crooks is a graduate of the Provincial University, and has taken high honours in his university course. His administration of his department has received public approbation ; it has civen satisfaction not to his own party only, but to all parties. The Bcnool law has been further extensively revised under his advice. Training and Model Schools have also been established at a small ex- pense in almost every county. The management of the Provincial University has likewise been popularized by giving to its graduates a voice in its body, should obtain its incorporation under the appropriate general Act, 15 lange wumad* Bible Minister of [n regard to this mey-Qeneral, in m and others in- ibilily of having lent ; and all the ttobechalleuged List defend what- >». We selected character; and ucational system the Provincial Diversity course, alic approbation ; ut to all parties, under his advice, ed at a small ex- f the Provincial to its graduates a Me who predicted vould be brought ects It is univer- Mo at^8 Speech at ) epitomized at a »nt plank in their be passed to pro- pecial Acts being lat sound Reform The object of vent the ejcpense old way through are independent dopted the policy for a special Act under a general (ipanies by letters nt and Provident ishing Immigrant ber of companies pense has thereby [owat't Upeech at tiou, the Orang* date general Act, as others have done since onr Act was passed, instead of insisting on a special Act ; and we have therefore resisted a special Act in their case as we have resisted special Acts in other cases, leaving the parties to obtain tmder the general law the advantages for which a special Act is sought. In order to make political capital, the leaders of the Orange body have refused to take advantage of this course, and have diligently endeavoured to create the false impression that the Orange Societies are suffering some grievance at our hands, while the truth is that the object in view could be served just as well by their becoming incorporated under the genei-al law as in the way their leaders profess to prefer. There is no special Act incorporating these Societies in Qreat Britain or Ireland ; none that I have heard of in the United States ; and but one instance (so far as I know), and that a recent one, in any other Province or country."— rWd. PUBLIC OHAKITIES. Orants to €haritleg. "A large sum had annually been granted for many years before Con- federation and afterwards to various nospitals and public charities, but the grants were madis on no fixed principles, and as the necessary con- sequence, it was apt to be importunity and influence which regulated what institutions ^ould receive aid and how much they should receive. That was an objectionable state of thinss, and we applied ourselves to the task of devising a remedy. The public sentiment was against with- drawing the grants — and I entirely sympathized with that sentiment — from these humane institutions : but we adopted a system by which the amount to be received by each institution should depend on the amount of work done and the amount of contributions received bv tlie institute from other sources. Since the passing of our Act lor tliis purpose all increases of the former grants have been made on the principles laid down in the statute, and favouritism as to amount has thereby been put out of the question. There are a few of these institutions which were not entitled after the Act to so large a sum as they had previously been receiving, but we have not thought that it would be well to reduce the amounts during a time of depression, and when the poor and afliicted would be the only sufferers," — Tbid. Hospitals and Charities receive aid at the pre«H'nt time to the amount of $72,870.44 per annum. Ofllctal Inspection. All hospitals and charities receiving the Government grants are sub- ject to the rigid supervision of the Government Inspector, whose duty it is to report on their efficiency and * the amounts to which, under the Statute, they are respectively entitled. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. Another important measure for the better administration of justice was passed, making further reforms in the procedure of the Courts, re- moving to a large extent the anomaly of law and equity being adminis- tered in different courts, and providing for a much needed addition to the number of judges which, notwithstanding the very large addition in i i Itl! ! to the business of the Oonrts, had not been inoreased for twenty-five years. Three new judges were appointed to the Oourt of Error and Appeal, who assist the other Superior Oourt judges in the despatch of business in the Assize and other Courts when not engaged in the exercise of their appellate jurisdiction. The Government of the Dominion, on which devolve the appointment and remuneration of the judges, having acquiesced in the proposed addition to the strength of the Ontario Bench, the effect of the new Act has been greatly to facilitate the administration of justice, and to relieve all persons having business with the Oourti of vexatious and expensive delays and costs. W Hod. Edward Blake'i Testimony. ^■ 1^0 higher testimony eould be given to the merits ef Mr. Mowaf s reforms in the administration of justice than was contained in the speech of the Hon. Edward Blake at the recent banquet ^ven to Mr. Muwat by his supporters in the Legislature. Mr. Blake, it will be recollected, is not only an eminent member of the Bar, but as Treasurer of the Law Society may be said to speak in a representative ca^city. He said : " Well, sir, you have had considerable measures of law Reform. You "know that, to that, too, the Liberal party Had hedged itself before the "accession of my hon. friend to office. The desire was, that there " should be, as soon as possible, an abolition of the scandal of there being " different and fluctuating jurisdictions, under which it was possible for ' ' me to sue you in one court, and you to go to another and say that the " suing in the court in which I sued was unjust and unrighteous, and " have the one Court stop the proceedings in the other. The system was " such, that it wad almost incredible that it shpuld exist anioDp;st sensible ** peo])le. My hon. friend dealt with that subject in a manner that was " tentative — which was, I confess, not ^uite so complete as I had thought " at the time was desirable ; but I believe that events have j ustified the " wisdom of tie slow hastening which my hon. friend practised on that " occasion. A more complete attempt was made in England, but the ''result of hastening too fast in that direction has been, that the bcne- *' ficial effects of that measure have yet to be reaped. It is necessary that " the profession, the judges, and the public to a certain extent, should *' be prepared for such alterations in our legal system as this ; that there " should not be too great and sudden a wrench ; and that the change "should be made gradually in order to be effectual. Much has been " done towards the simplification of legal procedure and tho consequent " reduction of expenditure to suitors ; but I dou't think that that field is "yet by any means exhausted. "-r6^&e, March 8, 1879. r ^ Coart of Error and AppeaL The additions to the justiciary above referred to having been the subject of absurd misrepresentation by a recent senatorial pamphleteer, Mr. Mowat referred to the matter at Toronto, in his speech delivered Jan. 8th, 1879, in the following terms : " Amongst other things the Senator states that the Reform Govern- ments at Ottawa and Toronto have ' created two Courts of Appeal — the Court of Error and Appeal for Ontario, aad the Supreme Court at 17 for twenty-five ; of Error and he despatch of I in the exercise Dominion, on judges, having )f the Ontario facilitate tho taving bnsineas osts. »f Mr. Mowaf 8 d in the speech to Mr. Mowat be recollected, urer of the Law . He said : V Eeform. You itself before the ivas, that there il of there being was possible for md say that the nrighteous, and rhe system was mongst sensible lanner that was IS I had thought ,ve justified the ractised on that gland, but the that the bene- necessary that extent, should bis; that there lat the change luch has been tho consequent hat that field is iving been the 1 pamphleteer, eech delivered eform Govem- )f Appeal — the eme Court at Ottawa.* Wlut will yoa think of sooh a ■tatemenl when I tell jea oaal the Court of Appeal was established as long ago as 1701 I— and that thtt Aot establidhing it provided for nearly the sam* clanses of appeals finom the Court of King's Bench s» now t The Court of Chancery was estab- lished in 1837, and it was then provided, 30 years ago, that there should be ap|)eal8 from that Court to the same Court of Appeal Some years later (1849) the Court of Common Pleas was established, and an appeal was at the name time provide reduce the ( the only fee ling. To th« acreased, th* lot otnerwise by members aid Adminis- Wed by its had not the it who had a actice to affect ■3 in the rural in cities and 1879. ; was entirely ring with cer- the result in vil, and were bheretbre pre- fer judicially vring questions unty as it was That measure naore stringent ; found by the was necessary vas in spite of easily accom- UStOUQQ, But somethiiig mm* wm meadcd ia th» same diitotion.*— Iff. Mowai ai T*- rtnto, Jan. 8, 1879. Ilnallty of the Ltots. ''We subsequently passed an Act making these voters' lists final, and thereby making impossible such scandal as nad occurred in the Lincoln case.*'— /Wd. • 1874-SEGOin) SESSION. ' This session was held from Nov, 12 to Dec. 21, 1874, instead of January, 1875, to enable the elections to be held in January. REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT. The most important measure of the :'econd session of 1874 was the Act to Readjust the Representation. Alt> ough the re-distribution of seats by this Act took place anterior to the '^^t local General Election, its effects on the numerical strength of parlies could not be known until after that event. It is shown in the following, from the Attorney -Qenc- ral's Toronto speech : Re-Distribution. "The principle regulating local representation under the British Koith America Act was, that there should be the same number of repre- sentatives in the Local Assembly of Ontario that the Province had in the Dominion Parliament. That number was at first eighty-two. The principle of representation by population being recognized by this Act, Ontano, after the next census, got an additional representation of six members, making the number eighty' eight. There were inequalities in the constituencies in Upper Canada, and the general feeling was that there should be added to the representation of the Local Assembly the same number of seats as had been added to the representation for Dom- inion purposes." Xo Party Object. "It was said at the time and is sometimes still said, that, in arrang- ing the constituencies for the purpose of providing six more seats, we did so for party purposes, and without reference to other considerations. The facts demonstrate the reverse." Dafferln. "One of the new seats we gave to the new municipal county of Dufferin, all parties having always admitted that, as far as practicable, a municipal county should have a member, or two or more members as the case might be, of its own. We had no idea that Dufl'erin would return a Reformer. I do not know that there is another county in the Province where, in a party contest, a Reformer would get a smaller vote than in Dofierin." ^ jNiagarji. "I have said that the inequalities in the representation were very g«at. For instance, the town of Niagara had at the last census a popu- tion of 3,693 only. It returned a member, however ; it was not even th« county town of the county ; St. Catharinea utM th» coxmty town. 20 m and had no nxmber, bnt waa rapraaantad only aa part of tha eonnty oi Linculn. The average population by which a member was elaotad waa 19,766, when the number of roembam waa 8S ; or of 18,418 if the number of memlwrs should be 88 ; and when we were dealing with the vuluect of rcpreaentation, it was impossible to defend, upon any fair prin- ciple, tlie leavh)^ Niagara with its small population to have a member for itself, while Esnex, with upwards of 30,000, hatl but one member. What, therefore, did we do ? We added tlie town of Niajjara to the county of Lincoln— its own county — thereby, as we knew, making Lin- coln a more Tory county than it was before ; but it being a fair thing tha' Niagara should not have a member for itself, the only proper course, independently of party considerations, was that the town snould, for representation purposes, be included in its own municipal ooonty." Essex. " It happened that the effect of taking a member from Niagara was to give two members to the county of Essex, which came next in popula- tion, after the other counties had been supplied whose population was larger. Essex at that time was represented by Mr. Albert Prince, a supporter of the Government. He maintained the claim of Essex to two members, though he gave it as his opinion that from local causea, if Essex were divided, it would return two Opposition members. But, as on the principle of representation by population - Essex was the county next entitled to another member, we felt it our duty to act upon that lleform principle, whether in that instance it should work agamst ns or for us. It did work against us. At the next election the county returned two members against us, and every election since that time has been against the local Qovernmeut" Simcoe. " We gave three members to the county of Sinlcoe, which previously had two, and the three members returned ever since have been members of the Opposition." Grey. " On the same ground of population, we gave a third member t^ the county of Grey, which returned three to the Dominion House ; and we adopted the Dominion division for the county with one difference. We changed the arrangement with regard to the townships of Holland and St. Vincent, putting the township of Holland into the East Riding ; while for Dominion purposes it was in the North Riding. We did this because it was represented to us to be conveiiient for tha people that Holland should belong to the Eiist Riding, and the township of St. Vincent to the North Riding. The member tor the North Riding, who was opposed to the Government, told the house tliat he would rather have the Dominion arrangement, but that it would make no differenco politically, and the result has ehown that to be the case ; when tha elections came on, both Ease Grey and North Grey returned Opposi- tionists." Other Changes. ** The districts of Wellington, Simcoe, Grey and Cardwell lie together, and were repres^ited by eight members. Of those eight members, five were opponents add three were supporters of the Government. Without e county oi el«ot«d WM 418 if the ig with the y fair prin- ) a member ke member, {ara to the taking Lin- a fair thing •nly proper )wn should, 1 coonty." igara was to , iu popula- ulatiuD was rt Prince, a r>f Essex to ocal causes, ibers. But, lex was the to act upon rork ap;ainst I the county lat time has h preTiottBly m members mber t*^ the se ; and we rence. We Holland and ist Biding ; We did this people that ship Bi rou of St. ing, who d rather 10 difference when the ned Opposi- lie together, embers, five it. Without 21 l^oing into details, I may state that the new arrangement gave to this new territory three more members, or eleven altogether. At the next election there were returned three Government supporters as before, and eight Oppositionists instead of five, so that the additional members were an addition of that number to the Opposition. I go into these things so that you may see that we felt it our duty in that matter, as in our legislation generally, to adopt that course which ehould be defensible on sound Inform principles, whether it should happen in the result to be iajurious to tne Retorm party or not. We believed that in giving effect to a sound principle the Reform party would gain in the long run, and we looked not to party gain except M the result of the permanent good of the country.** INCREASED BEFRESENTATION. By the British North America Acl the number of members of th« Legislative Assembly was 82. By the Act of 1874 it was increased to 88, the number to which, by increase of population, the Province of Ontario had V«^oome entitled as its share of the representation in the Ho\iBe of Com. ul By some persons this increase in the Legisla- ture has been objected to, and suggestions have been made that the Legislative Assembly should consist of something like half its present number of members. The saving would be of the members' indemnity and mileage, and a few incidentals. Many persons doubt whether the public interest is not, on the whole, consulted by the larger number being retained. In 1852-3, during the Hincks-Morin Administration, the number of members of the Provincial Parliament of Canada was in- creased from 84 to 180(65 for each Province), being ten more than the bill at first provided. The measure was pretty thoroughly debated, and several well-known names appear in the reports of the speeches. Mr. Morin argued that the existing representation was inadequate, having regard to the extent of territory ; and that the independence of the House was promoted by a large number of members. Mr. (now Sir Francis) Hincks urged that the representation should in- crease with population. Mr. W. Lyon Mackenzie, with characteristic plainness of speech, supported the measure, "hecaiue there would be more men in Parliamerit to oppose tlie jobs and corruption of indi- viduals." The population of Canada was then only 200,000 larger than that of Ontario alone in 1871. In this connection too, it is to be borne in mind that a diminished number of members would mean largely increased constituencies, with a corresponding expense to candidates for election ; and this might lead to a limitation of the class from which representatives would be drawn, while it would, on some, throw 22 ; i fi i| an inconvenient Amount of business in relation to local affairs or personal claims upon the member's attention. These oonsiderations would have to be weighed before any such reduction as has been sug- gested co"id be made with safety. The matter is one in regard to which neither party has announced or perhaps formed any definite policy. That the number of members as increased by the Act of 1874, is not out of proportion to the population for which they legislate — a population, too, that is small compared with the enormous area of ter- ritorv within Ontario jurisdiction-- will be seen by a comparison with the numbers of legislators who discharge similar duties in the American State Le^slatures. The following list is compiled from lAppincotl^t Gazetteer, 1878 edition : • Nambcr of Legislators in American States and Ontario respec- tirely In proportion to Population. Om POPTTLATIOM 'SSJTATORB AND HiMBXR FOR - 1871. RlPRUBNTATIVES. «VUT Statib. Alabama 966,992 Arkansas 484,471 California. 560,247 Connecticut > 637,454 Delaware 125,015 Florida 187,748 Georgia .'. 1,184,109 Illinois 2,639,891 Indiana 1,680,637 Iowa , 1,194,020 Kansas...., 364,309 Kentucky 1,321,011 Louisiana 726,915 Maine 626,915 Bfaiyland 780,894 33) 100 ( ""^ ^»27® ?6| ^^ 4'8^ 215 21 19 133, 120. 40) 80 ; ^^ I 236. 3C. 69. 4,668 2,277 4,167 3,182 6,690 ^H 177 130 f "^ ^5 I 100 25,398 1^1 150 11,204 ^^ ^ 89 13,416 3,644 9,572 5,636 3,444 8,134 *Th« Senators ar* shewn in th« uppsr row, and the Representatives in the lower row of figures. ' U affairs or tisiderations as been sug- in regard to my definite Let of 1874, ley legislate IS area of ter- ison with the le American lAppincotH's irio respec- Om MUiBKR FOR BVUT 7,270 4,844 4,668 k... 2,277 4,,167 3,182 6,690 25,398 11,204 13,416 S,644 9,572 5,636 3,444 8,134 ht iower row of liaMsehiuette 1»457,851 Michigan 1,184,059 Minnesota. 439,706 Mississippi 827,922 Missouri 1,721,295 NebrasU 122,993 Nevada 42,491 New Hampshire. 318,300 Kew Jersey 900,096 New York...., 4,382,759 306..<.#> 3,680 98 12,082 63 ^w,y,.' «,97» 124 6,676 1,068 2861 ^^■ 60 1 80 11,326 m\ ^^ «7'392 ^i 170 6,302 120 169 4,175 100 12,585 North Carolina. 1,071,361 Ohio....^ 2,606,260 ^\ 136 19,742 Oregon 90,923 37 j 56 1,653 Pennsylvania. 3,521,961 j^ j 1^ 26,480 Rhode Island .!. 217,353^ 73 { ^^^ *»^^® South Carolina. 705,606 Tenn«»«9ee 1,258,520 Texas 818,579 Vermont 330,561 Virginia ' ^ 1,225,163 W. Virginia. n. 442,014 Wisconsin 1,054,670 ONTARIO 1.620,861 88 18 418 Comparlion between Ontario and other Ganadlan Provinces. Ontario too has, in proportion to population, a far smaller number of Legislators than the other Provinces of the Dominion. The follow- ing aro the figuiM :•— ;^":;., .".:."■■ * Mow ndoMd to SM, maklnf lh« proportion on* to 6,806 of popul*tion. 45 124 25 76 21 66 30 ( 230 ( 60 i 152$ 22 ( 57 ^ 33) 100 J 87. 260. 202. 79. 133. 9,409 1,271 6,066 6,695 7,930 \ i i i i f M !i ! .'If T 24 , , , Rbprimiitativm, r«miinoir< < 1 Lw. OovRoiLboui AKO MlMBBMt.* IdtmiLATOft rO» BTIET Qnebao....... l,19i,6ld Nora Scotia ,. . .. 887,800 N«vrBruiuwiok..... 286,694 P. E. Island „ 94,021 Manitoba. about 20,000 24) 65 f 19 > 38^ 16) 39 f 28 f 28 89 13,387 67 6,803 56 5,193 35 2,686 28.... about 700 British Columbia about 12,500 25 25 about 600 ONTARIO 1,620,861 88 88 IMl^ It will be seen by these figures, that in the majority of American States as well as in the other Oanadian Provinces the mimber of legisla- tors considered necessary in the public interest is greatly in excess of the proportion of legislators to the population in Ontario. The general experience and judgment tuus seem to have been in Canada and the United States in favour of a larger rather than a small number of representatives. It does not of course foUow that the number should be unliL^ited. There is a point at which a deliberative assembly may become unwieldy from its cumbers. This is the case in some Old World Legislatures, and has been charged against that of Great Britain. Although in Great Britain and Ireland, the legislators, including about 400 Peers, who are en> titled to sit and vote in the House of Lords, stand as but one to 30,000 of the population, the parliament sits for fully one half the year, the area of territory is small, and many local interests, which form so large an item in Canadian affairs are subordinated to a large extant to questions of foreign policy, LEGISLATIVE EXPENSES. The expense of Legislation in Ontario contrasts most favour- ably with that of several of the States with which a comparison can be most fairly established. In Ontario the item •' Legislation " for 1878 amounted to $126,463, or equal to 7|ths cents per head. In r^ply to appU-^ tions made to the Governments of New York, Massachusetts, Michi- gan, Illineis, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Maine and Wisconsin, the following information has been obtained from their respective State Departments : ■ ' ■ ■ i l j ij il. >«■ >i t ill* * Th« upper lin* of flguret givM the Bumbn ol Lttrialativ* CoonolUort, U>« lewtr en* %b» wumhtn ct ttm AawmbUm Dc Pup m [IH Or I n n 1 fiianLATOm worn IVIET • ••••• IvjvoT 6,803 5,193 2,686 . ......about 700 about 600 Ity of American mber of legisla- tly in excess of o. The genera] a and the United presentatives. It librlted. There unwieldy from latures, and has Great Britain », who are en- t one to 30,000 le year, the area )rm BO large an nt to questions most favouT- iparison can be ion" for 1878 r^ply to aRgU' lusetts, Michi- riseonsin, the spective State I. I I K i m i H i i > I, U>« lewtrea* 16 COMPARATIVE COST OF LEGISLATION (p^ capita) IN ONTARIO AND AMERICAN STATES. Per heikd of population. or 21 Cents. or I7i or 16.^ or 12^ or 9| 8i ii « onnecticut (avernfje) fll2,4F3 Ponnsyl vania (1878) 616,527 Massachusetts C 1878) 234,635 New York (1878) 646,181 Illinois (1878) ^37,959 Michigan (average) 105,000 or Wisconsin (average) 92,500 or Maine (average) adding Printing estimAted at $10,000 50,612 or 8^ A.veTage of eight States 12^ cents per head. ONTARIO, (including tho indemnity of $800,) 7^ " Dr deducting the amount saved by the reduction of the members indemnity .. 6j"^ " n other words, the Local Legislature costs the' people of Ontaiio, n proportion to their numbers, littU more than half the sum paid for he same purpose by the populations of the States above n.entioned. The Legislatures of Michigan, lllincis, and Pennsylvania meet )iennially, the others annually. • J BIENNIAL SESSIONS. The plan of holding sessions of the Legislature biennially instead >f anniially, is an American one, and no doubt is quite compatible rith their method of government. The invariable rUle wherever he British system of responsible government prevails, is to hold a >arliamentary session annually. By the voting of supplies fur one ^ear only, and the annual passing of the Mutiny Act, the Crown is ompelled in Great Britain to call Parliament together annually, and n Canada, under every regime since 1791, the same practice has been eemed go important as to be secured by statutory enactment, whether s to the Federal or Provincial Legislatures. The Executive Officials f an American Slate are elected by a direct vote of the peo] :]e and or a fixed term, and are not responsible to the two Houses or to ither of them, as with us. Under the British system of parliamentary ovemment, it is a not (ess important duty of the Legislature to heck and control the acts of the Executive than to pass laws for the ountry, and it has been a settled doctrine among British statesuteu lat it Id only by frequent meetings of the House that a check can e efficiently exercised, and the perfect harmony between the Crown nd the People, essential to the proper working of the constitution, can e secured. It is doubtful, too, whether economy would be really Sected by a change. The House would sit longer if it met less fre- oently ; and if the American practice of biennial elections were adopted le cost to the country might be greater rather than less. However, the people of Ontario willed that the Government should be left ithout check for two years instead of one, with the supplies for two ears to expend instead of the supplies for one, and with authority to povide for every ad interim emergency,it is not probable any ministry ould offer to the change any serious obstruction. Th* tubjoeit is- Dives no party issue at present. ■ 1 _CV 26 ?!l mi u it COMPARISON BETWEEN ONTARIO AND OTHER ^ CANADIAN PROVINCES. fj Per hMd of population. The expense of legislatica in Quebec(1877) was $168,000 or 14A Cents. | In the othei Provinces, rixcluding Ontario, (1877) 130,000 or l6j Average of six Provinces, excluding Ontario. . . 15^ ONTARIO (1877) - 7i OR LESS THAN ONE-HALF THE COST OF LOCAL LEOIS^I LATION {FEB CAPITA) IN ANY OTHER PART OF THEJ DOMINION. The figures relating to the Canadian Provinces, as well a^ the year] (1877), were selected by the Toronto Mail in its first issue of the Oppa sition Campaign Sheet, to chow the *' alarming " cost of legislation inj Canada. It may be remembered that Quebec, in 1877, was under t" Conservative rule which Mr. Joly, the present Liberal Premier o: Quebec, has earned the implacable hostility of the Conservative part, for superseding. Mr. Joly has done something alreadv to reduce thi item. It is evident that if the cost of legislation can be used anywhere as a political weapon, it will, in face of the above comparison be harmless against the Reform Administration of Ontario. Land Titles. Another useful measure of the second Session of 1874, waa on( giving repose to land titles : *' We have given repose to land titles by materially shortening th period after which a man's title to tlie property he possesses ma; be free from danger. It was constantly happening that defects wer discovered in a man's title to property of which he had been in posset sion for many years, and the man and his family were in consequenc suddenly deprived of, perhaps, their all, To prevent such hard ships, Statutes of Limitation had been passed from time to time. I England the period had lately been reduced from twenty to twelv years ; we reduced it from twenty to ten years ; and the result is, thj every man possessing property holds it now more securely than he di before. An equally short period has been adopted in various oth colonies, and in some of the United States." — Atty.-Oeneral Mowat Toronto, Jan. 9, 1879. Apprentices— Minors. Besides the foregoing, several Acts were passed in the second S sion of 1874, relating to minors and apprentices, and other matters ofj practical and useful nature. e ei 75. rio< lat I In erei i ] 1 1 B 1876-79. The legislation of the second parliamentary term of a Refoi Administration has been of an equally practical and beneficial charact] with that which preceded it. Many of the Acts of the legislati about to be dissolved have been already referred to in noticing I tbay bave lupplemented. Others present new features in Un iBirti liect, ^cials in m liied 9ctin Wit ^ne«t( m OTHER r head pulation. jorUA, Cents. or 16i " 16i « .OCAL LEQIS- ART OF THE 27 of tbd present Administration. It may be convenient — in order indicate the large number of snbjects on which legi^fdation has taken I, — ^in the first place briefly to recapitulate the more important linisterial meMurea of each session, and then to notice some of them in etui well as the year [psue of the Oppo SESSION 1876 6. (Htld November S^th, 1875, to February 10th, 187C.) The last session of the previous Legislature (secunt) Session, 1874) 'as, in order to allow of the Elections being heUl in January, 1875, — lUed together in November, and the House sat uutil December 2l8l, B74. In order to comply with the law which requires that not more it of legislation m x „ 1 7 was under that '*n twelve months shall intervene between the last sitting of one ses- beral Premier of °^ ^""^ *^® first of the next, the new Hotise had to be cunvened bef re onservative party '® end of the year 1876, and was therefore called togeter in November, dv to reduce this ^76. But January is found to be so much the most convenient don can be usee ^^^'^ ^^^ assembling, that all subsequent Bessions have commenced iu above comparison, »»* month tario. In the session of 1875-6 some of the important Ministerial measures ere Acts relating to : of 1874, was on( ally shortening th I he possesses ma; that detects wer lad been in posset ere in consequenc revent such hard time to time. Ii twenty to twel the result is, th (Curely than he dil in various oth General Mowat in the second St other matters oil Minister of Education. Sale of Liquors (Licenses). The system of voting by Ballot for M"nnicipal by-laws. Vital Statistics (Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages). Solemnization of Marriage. Suri)lu3 Distribution (amendment). The Legislative Assembly. Elections and Controverted Elections. Payment of Criminal Witnesses, Municipal Elections. Voters' Lists. County Court Districts. Sureties of Public Officers. Aid to Railways (additional). Public Works. Insurance Companies, Fire Policies, and Building Societies. Vital Statistics. Until the passing, in 1875-6,of the Act to provide for the Hegi strati on Births, Marriages and Deaths, the system of registration was very im- iect. Time Las been requisite to familiarise the public and local cials with the provisions of the Act, but already great pro^^reas has a made in that direction. The Report of the Registrar General last of the legislatuiiied supplies a body of information of the most reliable character as to in noticing t!i^'5*i'*8 1"® social condition of the people. new features in tl '»>« !•«*»« Hesltll. With Vital Statistics the question of the public health is Intimately nested. In 1873 the Qovernment carried a Bill having the pre- erm of a Refo: beneficial charac I : ! ' f A ' 'f i- ■ _ "I'li. . iiiiii; i ^ servation of the public health fipccially in view, and in 1878 a Committee of the House presided over by the Hon. A. Crooks, Minister ot Educa- tion, also investigated the subject and collected a great deal of valuable information. The report of ^he Committee is to be found in the Appendix to the Journals for 1878. Elections— Parliamentary, Municipal, Controverted— Voters' Lists —Ballot— By*Laws. The experience gained at the General Election of 1875, and from the Controverted Election trials that succeeded, led to an Act being passed Ih 1875-6 to further amend the law respecting elections to the Assembly, and respecting the crial of such elections. Subsequent sessions have wiinessed further legislation in the same direction. '( Vote by Ballot. The system of Voting by Ballot was adopted by a measure passed in the first Session of 1874,and the Parliamentary Elections in 1875 were con- ducted under that law. In the second Session of 1874 the ballot was applied to Municipal Elections, and in 1875-6 to voting on Municipal By-Laws. "We have passed Acts introducing vote by ballot, first in the elections for the Assembly, and then iu elections for Municipal Councils, and upon money by-laws. The introduction of the ballot is another illus- tration of the observation which I have just made. For I believe the general sentiment was then and ia now that the Reform party would be gainers by the vote being an open one. But what is the tneory of repre- sentation ? Is it not that every man should give his vote as he really wishes to give it ? Without the ballot you cannot secure that object. It may be of advantage to the country sometimes that there should be an influence over a voter, but it may also be a disadvantage. And the theory of our Constitution is, that there should be no influence over him which woulu prevent his giving his vote in whatever way he pleases ; that his giving it should be entirely free ; that there should be no force, and no undue influence of any kind, to embarrass or deter him ; and the only way of accomplishing these objects is by means of the ballot. The ballot is the method of voting in almost every country ; it has been long in use in the United States ; and it is now the system in England and its principal colonies. I hope that the next election for the Local House will show that if we have lost anything by the ballot heretofore we are not to lose by it any more." — Attorney-General MoxoaVs Speech atToronto, January 8, 1879. Tlie Legislative Assembly. The Act of 1875-6 respecting the Legislative Assembly gave by Statute to the Assembly powers, the right to exercise which, iu the absence of such provision, was doubtful, but which it has for centuries been held neces sary, in the public interest, that the representatives of the people should possess. This Act secured the freedom and independence of membere in the discharge of their duties ; it gave authority to the Speaker's warrant provided for the attendance of witnesses at parliamentary investigations, and thua secured a thorough and searching inquiry into any grievanct £ ■k^fllWJi 878 a Committee inister ot Educa- deal of valuable in the Appendix d— Voters' lists 75, and from the :t being passed in to the Assembly, nt sessions have oeasure passed in in 1875 were jon- ballot was applied inicipal By-LawB. est in the elections pal Councils, and ; is another ilhis- For I believe the m party would be letneory ofrepre- vote as he really Bcure that object, it there should be mtage. And the no influence over er way he pleases ; lould be no force, iter him ; and the the ballot. The it has been long n in England and r the Local House heretofore we are Speech at Toronto, y gave by Statute le absence of such been held neces- the people should ience of members peaker's warrant ; fy investigations, ito any grievanc 29 or seaachL It also provided for the trial by a judge, and the dne punishment of any member of the Assembly who might be guilty of corruptly using his position or office. It prevented any member from receiving any fee or emolument even indirectly, or through a partner, from legislation before the House. Independence of the Hoose of iisembly. Although this measure provided increased guarantees for the in- dependence of the Legislature, the Attorney •General, in his speech at Toronto, paid a just tribute to his predecessor's efforts in the same direction : — "It has in all countries and at all times been found by experi- ence to be unfavourable to the independence of a representative ot the people, and therefore to the public interest, that he should hold an office under the Crown yielding any considerable pecuniary advantage ; and while some officials had been disqualified before Mr. Blake's time, there were others who had not, as, for instance, officials who were paid bv fees, such as registrars. The public sentiment being strong that placemen of this class should, no more than placemen paid by salary, occupy seats in the Assembly, Mr. Blake swept away the last vestige of the evil referred to." — Atty.-General Mowat'g Speech mt TorwdOy Jan. 9, 1879. Payment of Grimlnai «f itnesses. The Act providing for the payment of witnesses in criminal cases removed a grievance of very long standing and no small hardship. The amount paid for this purpose by the Government is $10,000 annually. "At the last Provincial General Election, so thorough had our previous legislation been, so completely had we exhausted the subjects which our people had theretofore been interested about, that I think the only charge of legislative omission which our opponents pretended to make was, that we had not up to that time passed a law for the payment of Crown witnesses in criminal cases. • • * • We framed a Bill for the purpose as soon as we had thoroughly considered what was neces- sary and had collected the needed information ; and our Bill provided such safeguards and restrictions that, though considerable apprehension had always been entertained that a very large sum would be requiied, the amount under our Act has turned out to be so moderate that nobody has felt it a burden. The amount is paid, partly by the municipal counties and partly by the Government, and in proportions which have met with approval." — Attomey-GeneraVa Speech at Woodstock, Dec. 13L, 1878. Insurance— Fire Policies— Inspection. An Act of 1875-6 provides conditions on which Fire, Life and Marine insurance Companies may carry on business under the laws of Ontario, and exacts from Ontario companies securities by way of deposit as a guarantee to the policy-holders. A further Act protects the policy- holders against vexations and unjust objections raised by companies to the payment of claims on fire policies. By a Bill passed in the lato Session (1879), the inspection of the affniis of Fire Insurance Companiea I i I I I ; 80 by an officer apipolnted by the Qevernmnit it preridad for la lb* fai' terest of the public and with the concurrence of the compeniee. T^i ius|)ection ig to be paid by a charge levied pro rata on the reepeetivi companies. SALS OF LIQUORS-LIOENSSS-THE " CROOKS ACT." In the first Seasinn of 1874 the' law* regnlating the sale of intoxi oftting^ liquors had been consolidated and, in the Session of 1876>6, the Government made a further succdssful effort to grapple with some o the very difficult questions involved. The Act then passed abolishec Municipal intervention in the administration of the lawt and placec the autAiority to grant licennes in the hands of three unpaid Com' missioners for each locality. It limited the number of licenses to b< issued in cities, towns and villages, and gave the Commissioners anc Councils power to further limit the number. Power was also given to Municipal Councils and to the Commissioners to limit the number to be issued in rural municipalities. The enforcement of the law was entrusted to a paid Inspector in each License Pistrioii, also appointed by the Crown. Regulationa ai to the hours of sale, the qualification required from vendors, and the licensing fee, were also adopted, as well as provisions to secure, ai far as possible, the conviction of offenders. Public Opinion. Prior to the introduction of the Act, the Government were, bj influential delegations, by petitions, by the action of the leading tem perance advocates, by temperance organizations — indeed, b^ the friends of temperance of every class and of all political comj^lexions— constantly urged to take the issue of licenses and inspection undei their own immediate control ; and sincei its passage, and after a fail trial, it is safe to say that the Act known as the " Crooks Act " hai been almost universally approved by the leaders and friends of th . temperance movement throughout the Province of every politica opinion, and generally by those who, while not identified with any temperance organization, yet look to the Government to regvdate anc keep within due bounds the traffic in intoxicating liquors. The Licensed Vletnallen' Memorial. Some of tho provisions of the Act were su^ested by th( " Licensed Victuallers," through an influential deputation of tht>ii members, who waited on Attorney-General Mowat on the 6tl of January, 1876, and presented an elaborate memorial upoi tlie subject. The memorial stated, among other things, as follows : " We are quite prepared to concede that the ' Liquor Question,' ai it has been affectedly called, is becoming a question indeed. Peopli are now beginning to allow that it is a question. They confess, an< we affirm, that.it is a question which must be attended to ; that it i one which is growing and strengthening and deepening, and whid cannot any longer be paltered with or avoided. PeopU of all tlaiia "^-^ t h si ?^ 18 L en re be on be ch sic (I r wa tai to I sho mo: jtisi dut oft Sec: byt of t keej the the been 1 folio NUDD Nutt Do. Do. t -(L Num Hedu 81 I for Itt tilt ia«l omPftiUM' Th< 1 tSe xespectivt u OBOOES le sale of intoxl< an of 1876-6, the pie with some ol passed abolishec law, and placed ee unpaid Oom of lioenses to b immissionen an er was aUo give lit the number i laid Inspector ii Regulations vendors, and th( ions to secure, rnment were, bj the leading tern indeed, by the complexions— ispection undei and after a fail rooks Act" hai d friends of th( every politica intified with anf^ to regulate an ^uors. ll. l^ested by thi lutation of tht.i iwat on the 6ti memorial upoi igs, as follows : luor Question,* i indeed. Peopl^ bey confess, anc ed to; that it ' ining, and whic >pl« ol tU and all partiM v beginning to sea that lomethliig !• needed to check the growing evUs of Iniemperanoe, and something more on the one hand than mere conversation, and something else on the other than simple attemi>ts at l^^lation, is required to meet and remedy this Ipreat social evil under which we are labouring. This is a truth which IS now beginning to spread." And again : " We are agreed in this, that the Act of the Ontario Legislature known as the ' Crooks Act* is, on the whole, a fair and just enactment, and if its provisions were strictly carried out and enforced (with some slight alterations, to which we shall hereafter refer), we think that intemperance would greatly decrease, and the public on the one hand, and the tavern keepers on the other, would be generally satisfied." The memorial further urged more rigorous inspection, and that not once but frequentiy during the year ; statutory provisions requiring better accommodation on the part of tavern keepers ; and that the character of the persons applying for a license should be fully con- sidered before the application should be enterlained. Further : " That the houses of parties selling without license should be closely watched, and the law strictly enforced." And after pointing out cer- tain grave evils arising from unlicensed trafiSo, the memorial proceeds to sav : " To cottnteract thi$, we think that Oovemment Inypectora should be appointed. Experietice hat thown that tuch ojffioers are far more efficient in suppressing such traffic and bringing the offenders to jtistice than the police force, which it required for t/M discharge of other duties." This memorial was published at length in the Toronto daily papers of the 7th January, 1870, and is duly signed by the President and Secretary of the Licensed Victuallers' Association. ' rablle SatlBfiictioii with the Act That the Act itself gave general satisfaction is further evidenced by the fact thai in the summer of 1877 petitions signed by over 5,000 of the citizens of Toronto, including all or nearly all the hotel keepers and other licensed victuallers, licensed grocers and brewers of the city, were presented to the City Council, in which, referring to the License Law, it was deliberately stated that " the Cfookt Aoi /km been the most suuestful measure to far adopted. " How the Act Works. The healthy influence so far exercised by the Act is shown by th( following illustrations of .the working of the Act : Number of licenses issued in 1874, under former Acts 6,185 Number issued in 1876, under the " Crooks Act " 3,936 Do. in 1877, 3,664 Do. to 31st Dec., 1878 3,276 (License Report, 1878, pageiB7.) [Number of tavern licenses issued in 1875 in Toronto 299 Keduced under the " Crooks " Act in 1878 to 180 — {IribenM RtpoH, 1878f page 96.) \m 32 I 1 fhe Measure an Kconomlcal oiiAi ReoklesB oharffeR ai to the expense of enforcing the Aot have sionally been made by the Opposition, but the foUowing figures them to be without foundation : Actual expenses of the License Commissioners for the Pro- vince, and salaries of the Inspectors, for the license year 1876-7 «46,097 From this sum should be deducted the fines collected for the year, and which are by law to be applied towards these expenses 27,910 Leaving the actual cost for above service at, but $13,186 — (License Report, 1878, pages 58-9.) Or average cost for the year for each License District or Riding of, but 0213 Or average cost for the year for each Municipality in the Province of. but 35 Similar expenses for the Province in the year 1877-8 46,547 Deduct fines collected 24,142 m id ce HI e ( Leaving actual cost for the Province $22,404 — (TAcense Report, 1878, pages 58-9.) Or average cost for each Riding or License District of, but 263 Or for each Municipality in the Province of, but 35 It would be impossible, in fact, to have a more economically a ministered License Law. More money received by Municipalities. It has been further alleged by the Opposition that the Municipi ties receive under the " Crooks Act " less than under former At A Tl e: Et V Ai E( El Sa 7)1 This charge is also without substantial foundation. In proportion j of licenses issued thev receive much more than un4 -J^ the number former Acts. They are empowered by the Act to increase the si payable to themselves, and many — indeed, most — of the municipalit have availed themselves of this power. In the license year 1876-7 the number of licenses issued was 3,703. The amount paid to the Municipalities by the Qovemment as their proportion was $139,568 Had the same number of licenses been issued as under the former Acts, the Municipalities would have received as their proportion but 104,740 R( Fr M Te Co In favour of the present Act '.... $34,828 But it is estimated that the Municipalities throughout the Province would have been put to expense for inspection, costs of prosecution, appeals, and in carrying out the Acts, of between $15,000 and $16,000 16,60C Th soli 3tii of ive( "A too A 88 th« Aot have oooa [owing figures ahoi the Pro- Bnae year lected for trds these $46,097 District or ty in the 27,910 .ei«,l86 fi ms showing a result in favour of the Manioipalitiei under the urooks Aot upon this charge per annum of . . $50,328 93 (LicenBt Rtportf 1876, jntge 6.) It must, however, be borne in mind that, in addition to the above m of $139,668 93 paid to the municipalities b^ the Government, BV received a very large sum for additional duties paid for lioenaes der Municipal By-Laws, amounting to not less than $200,000 (see cense Report, 1878, page 6), bringing the receipts by the munici- lities in the aggregate up to not less than $339,568 93 derived from e duties upon hoeuses. A Great Baccess. Upon ihe whole, it may be asserted, without fear of contradiction, at the measure is all but universally admitted to have been most ccessful, and to have met with the approval alike of the respectable aler and the public at large ; that while, on the one hand, it amply $213 S otects the respectable dealer in his lawful calling, on the other nd, the public at large are efficiently protected against the demoral- 35 9 Qg practices of the illicit dealer. * I "O •••••• 46,547 24,142 .... $22,404 >istriot of, 263 35 ore economically a tallties. that the Municipj under former A( In proportion luch more than un( to increase the si of the municipalit 1877. on ses issued )vernment under the eceived as (Heldfti/.ty January Srd to March tnd, 1877.) Among the Ministerial measures of 1877 were Acts relating to j The Revised Statutes, and Amendments thereto. Farmers' Sons' Franchise. Elections of Members. Escheats and Forfeitures. Voters' Lists for Municipal Elections. Aid to Railways and Land Subsidies. Education Law. Encouragement of Agriculture, Horticulture, Arts and Manufacture. Sale of Liquors. T)rainage. Intestate Estates. ^"--. References to the Supreme Court. Free Grant Timber Licenses. Mortgages and Sales of Personal Effeclt. Territorial Districts. County Constables, &a, &c CONSOLIDATION OF THE STATUTES. The completion of the arduous and necessary work of revising and solidating the laws of, or affecting the Province of Ontario, was the 104,740 j^ important event in the Session of 1877. The Attorney-General, in .$139,568 ghout the nspection, t the Acts, 16,6( 234 828 ^^ ^^ recent speeches, described the character, extent and benefits ived from this great work. « Again : the statute law of the Province was in a state of chaos when took office. It was many years before that time that the statute law I ii T-P T 1 ■ 1 ,v i 1 i ! 34 of Oaanrla had bem ooniolidated. Since that eonsolidation annual vulumej) of ntatutes had been making their apnearance ; theae repealed some of the laws aa they stood in 1869, when tne tint conaolidation took place, and altered and amended others ; dead law had necessarily become mixed up with living law in every volume ; and no volume except the last of the series showed op could show which or the enactment* in it were still in force and which were not. If you wanted to know what the statute law was on any subject, you had to consult perhaps twenty indexes and twenty volumes before you could be reasonably sure what the law was ; and it was with fear and trembling that even a lawyer £ave his opinion on any matter of statutory law with which he did not appen to be familiar, lest there should be some enactment somewhere which had some bearing on the matter in hand in some way, that had escaped bis attention. The form of the law and facility for ascertaining what the law is, havd been said by jurists to be as important as the law itself, if not more important. Then in the Consolidated Statutes of 1869, and the subsequent volumes up to Confederation, laws now within the authority of the Provincial Legislature and laws beyond our authority were necessarily intermingled." A Commission Appointed. " To provide a remedy for the state of things which I have described, we appointed a Commission (of which I was myself a member) for the purpose of assisting in the consolidation and revision of our whole statute law, striking out everything that was dead, and everything that was seen to be beyond Provincial jurisdiction ; collecting tne scattered enactments upon every subject, and fusing them into one chapter ; classifying the Acts thus consolidated ; arranging them in the most convenient way for easy reference ; and providing one index for the whole, instead of twenty indexes attached to the existing volumes." An Absurd Cbsrge. " One of the absurd charges made against us is, that we employed a Commission for the purpose of doing, or assisting in doing, this work. There never yet was an important consolidation or revision of the laws of any country that was not done by a Commission, and it is impossible to execute work of thiti kind otherwise than by a Commission. A majority of the Commissioners held judicial offices." The Work Ch'(^.^i»ly and Well Done. " I may say further, that thcie never was a Commission for revising the statute law of any state '>!• r juntry which, in view of the comparative extent of the work, cost nearly as little as our Commission cost. The work too^ I may add, was done as well eJS the work of the Best paid Commisaioners that had ever similar work to do in any country I know of. Upwards of twelve hundred public general statutes had to be examined, compared, and arranged, and these were ultimately reduced by consolidation to two hundred and twenty-four. lu the course of the work the whole body of the statute law underwent legislative revision, M well as consolidation. And so we disposed of this very important matter ; and the people are in possession of the resijlts of our work.— Attorruy-Oeneral MowaVa Spueh ai Woodstock, Deo. 12, 1878. 30 lation annual heae repealed olidation took isarily become tue «xcept the lotmenU in it to know what erhaps twenty hly sure wliat even a lawyer licb he did not ;nt somewhere way, that had or ascertaining ^nt as the law ed Statutes of ws now within t beyond our have described, lember) for the I of OUT whole everything that Ig the scattered ) one chapter ; n in the most index for the volumes." it we employed ing, this work, ion of the laws it is impossible mmission. A on for revising le comparative lion cost. The the best paid ountry I know lites had to be lately reduced course of the lative revision, Very important Lf our work. — l878. farMert* Sons* franchlie. The extension of the franchise to income-tax payers who are usually resident in the towns and cities, very naturally suggested the propriety of passing a similar measure for the benefit of an analogous cla^s, the farmers' sons in the rural districts. This measure was indicated in Mr. Blake's speech at Aurora, in 1874, and was passed by the present Government in 1877. ** We have also made provision for giving the franchise to fanners* sons, and the propriety of df>"ng so wiU be obvious to those who are acquainted with agricultural 1 '> in Ontario. We had already provided un income franchise, by which residents in cities and towns were chiefly benefited. Now, it is the well-known custom in this country for one or two of a farmer's sons to remain on the homestead, after coming of age, jio a-ssist their parents in working and managing the farm — an extremely lesirable arrangement, and one to be encouraged, both for the comfort f the old people and the benefit of the sons. These farmers' sons are, a class, well educated, and quite as intelligent as either income voters r as those who live on farms of their own ; having had the advantage f our excellent school system, which perhaps their fathere had not. Tho legislature thought, therefore, that no sufficient reason existed why hat class of persons, living and working on their fathers' farms, and jeing practically partners therein, should not be permitted to vote, hough they mighthave no separate property." — Attomey-OeneralMowat't "Speech at Woodstock, Dec. 12, 1878. ,-- Encouragement of Agriculture -Aid to Agricultural Societies. The great industry of the Province has received the most libeml ncouragement from the present Administration. In 1877 the Hon. i, C. Wood introduced a measure which consolidated the previous ^cts relating to Agriculture, Horticulture, Arts and Manufactures, ind made some valuable amendments, all in a liberal direction. " Some of our legislation and some of our expenditure has to do in a pecial way with the farming community. Our general expenditure, like ur general legislation, directly benefits all classes equally ; but our [icreased expenditure on matters which have a special interest for irmers has been a portion of that general increase with which we are bsurdly charged as manifesting thereby extravagance and incapacity. u 1871 the vote for agricultural associations &c., was ^65,100 ; in 878, our last year, it was $97,000 for the same objects. As we had xtra money, why should we not give some of it to these objects ? We ave advanced 50 per cent, on the vote which I have mentioned. Let look at some of the particulars included in this item. The Legisla- re voted for dairv associations in 1874, $700; and since 1874, $2,000 year. In 1872 there was voted for the first time, for sundry services connection with agriculture and the arts, such as the investigation of e diseases of animals and crops, the ravages of insects, and other ob- ct« not otherwise provided for, the sum of $1,000, and ever since 1874 e vote has been $2,000 a year for the same objects. Last year we propriated for a bureau of agricultural statistics, $1,000. We have r^l > . l! 1 1 1 i'll I 1 1 i; j ii 36 doubled tfa« amount roled befors our time to the Fndt Qrowen' Amo* elation. We have added 60 per cent, to the customaiy grant to the Entomological Society, established for investigating the habits, etc., of insects — a subject tinfortunately only too important to our farmers.'* — Attomey-QeMral MowaVt Speech at Woodstodc, Dee. 12, 1878. Additions were made to some of these sums in the session of 1879. SESSION 187a (Held from January 9th to March 7th, 1878.) In the Session of 1878 important measures were introduced by the Government and passed, relating to the following subjects : The Public Service of Ontario. Winding up Joint Stock Oompanie«i 3 Building Societies. The Magistracy. Revised Statutes. Drainage Debenture!; License Act. High Schools. Union School Sections. Finality of Voters' Lists. Preservation of Forests from Fire, Employment in Qaols, &c. , &g. Drainage. The original Drainage Act of the Sandfield Macdonald Administra- tion provided for Municipal Drainage Works being executed by the Government, and that the amount expended should constitute a rent charge on the land improved. . The policy of the present Government has been to adopt the far more conveuient and economical course of leaving the work to be performed by the municipalities, the amount expended being covered by Municipal Debentures, which the Govern- ment take at the very low rate of interest of 5 per cent In the Session of 1878, a bill was passed providing that the aid of the Government might be extended to tile drainage by private proprietors under Muni- cipal supervision, and in 1879 the privileges of this Act were extended to stone and timber drainage. In the Session of 1879, a further sum of f50,000 was appropriated for Municipal drainage purposes 1879: SESSION 1879. Several very important and necessarv measures were introduced by the Government and p assed in this session. Among them were Acts re- lating to- Public, Separate and High Scho ment of tho institutions to which they respectively relate. They will both be under one general head, but be kept entirely distinct and sepa- rate, in order that the girls to whom the establishment is a refuge may have no intercourse with the women committed to the Reformatory for crime. Other Measures. The titles of the other measures of the session indicate their general purport. Some have been already alluded to in connection with the measui-es ot former sessions. tm 1 ; to apply the eleo ate public steam- 1 dnration of the ns, found by ex- hes some needless villages situated tviouB legislation ; se relating to in- >t papers. It also , corrupt practice ed in good faith. ge. for the manage* elate. Thev will distinct and sepa- t is a refuge may the Reformatory icate their general inection with the PART II. SEVEN YEARS OP SUCCESSFUL ADMINISTRATION. 1871-1875. 1876-1878. THE ONTARIO AND QUE3E0 ASSETS AWARD. One of the important administrative achievements of the pre* sent Oovemment has been the settlement of the difficulty created by the refusal of the Province of Quebec to accept as final the decision of the arbitrators appointed to apportion the public debt and assets of the old Province of Canada — other than that portion of the debt assumed by the Dominion — between the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. *' There was another important matter which we found unsettled and in controversy when we came into office. By the British North America Act a certain part of the debt of the old Province of Canada was assumed by the Dominion absolutely, and a balance of several millions, which also the Dominion assumed as regards our creditors, the Pro- vinces of Ontario and Quebec were to repay to the Dominion Treasury ; but in what proportion this balance should be repaid by the two Pro- vinces, and what division of the assets of the old Province of Canada should be made, the British North America Act did not determine, and that had to be decided by arbitrators. An award had been made before we came into office, which, though not giving to Ontario its lull rights, was yet such an award as, for the sake of a settlement, Ontario was contented to accept. But Quebec objected to the award as being unfair to Quebec and illegal, and the Dominion Government refused in consequence to recognize the award, or to give to Ontario the benefit of it, iintil its legality should be admitted, or should be decided by some judicial tribunal. Efibrts were from time to time made to get the matter amicably arranged, or to have it referred to some tribunal for adjudication. We were unable, however, to come to any amicable f^rangement with the Province of Quebec, whose people had been made if iji - li iiji ; i II ,1 42 to believe that millions of dollars had been awarded to us beyond wha of Ontario was entitled to. The dispute had in consequence to be refeAre ^^ to the Piivy Council. Representatives from the two Province g^ repeatediv met, and we ultimately settled upon a case containing a] that, in the judgment of either side, was material to the decision of th matter at issue ; and not many months ago, the Privy Council, afte several days' argument, deoidea in favour of Ontario, holding that th award was a perfectly valid one, as we had contended that it was. Am so another important question was settled." — Attomey-GentraV* Speec at Woo4atock, December 12, 1878. Z)< sel a s Gc M Bi iii( an ye lii cli nil of nil Oi to Sa SO m( THE BOUNDARY QUESTIONS. The Inter-ProTlnclal Boondftry. ^Another inter-pro vindal matter that had been left for a Refon Government to deal with, was the unsurveyed boundary line betweei the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Very shortly after Mr. Blake' Qovemment was formed, arrangements were made with Lower Canad for running this line. The survey was entered upon promptly, and ha ^^^ been competed to the satisfaction of boch Governments as far northerl ||^' as Ui> o> .quired. And thua this iAter-provincial difficulty wa removed."— Jftwi. ^ort^'^r'n tnd Western Boandarlei of Ontario. ''There reoidned the question of the boundary between Ontario an( the Dominion on our western and northern sides, and in this matter th difficulty was immensely greater, and the land affected of enormousl; greater value, than in the case of our eastern boundary. Little progres had been made towards the solution of this prdblem before Mr. Blake' Qovemment came into power. But immediately upon his assuming th reins of office, he took steps for its settlement. I succeeded him in th work. Exhaustive reports from able men familiar with the subjec were obtained. Some of the questions involved in the controversy hai been in debate for two centuries; the documents and papers bearin upon the subject were scattered over hundreds of volumes ; nearly a naany old maps had to be consulted ; and documents, books, and map had to be searched for and examined in London and Paris, Washingtoi and Albany, Ottawa and Quebec. We managed to collect from all thes what was material, and to comprise in a single volume of no unmanage able dimensions the whole evidence on both sides of the question ; an< we had u map prepared which gave at a glance the material results o all the maps which had been consulted. This preliminary work wt great and tedious, but it made ultimate decision easy and prompt. W arranged with the Government of the Dominion that the matter shoul be submitted to arbitration. Objectors declared that we were sure t fail before arbitrators, and that what 've should do was to carry the csu to the Imperial Privy Council, insteal of arbitrating. We did not coi our in that view. Though we estinuited highly the ability and learnin __ at th a St to A tl ei w a di ni B d ei B Ij ii I li n 43 k1 to lu beyond wl juence to be referre the two Province i oase oontaininff o the decision of th] Privy Council, aft€ no, holding that thj led that it was. AnJ ney-Cren«rar« Speec ONS. n left for* Refori undaiy line betweei tly after Mr. Blake' with Lower Canad m promptly, and ha ents as far northerl; Acial difficulty wa r Ontario. >etween Ontario an( nd in this matter th ected of enormous!; ary. Little progres a before Mr. Blake' pon his assuming th ucceeded him in th IT with the subjec the controversy ha and papers bearin volumes ; nearly a ats, books, and map i Paris, Washingto collect from all thes me of no unmanage f the question ; an i material results c eliminary work w« ly and prompt. W Eit the matter shoul bat we were sure t was to carry tlie cas g. We did not coi ability and learn 9f the Jud^ of th« Privy 0«imoil, we thoogfat thftt on our own lidt of the Atlantic might be found men as capable as any elsewhere, to decide case of this kind." — Attomey-QtMral Mowatft Speeth at If^oodstock, December 12, 1878. The Arbitrators. " Three arbitrators were therefore chosen. The Province of Ontario selected Chief Justice Harrison, who has since gone to his final rest after a short but brilliant career, and whose death is a great public loss. Tl^e Government of the Dominion selected Sir Francis Hincks, a resident of Montreal, whose ability and fitness for the post all acknowledged as soon as hk name M'as announced. The third arbitrator selected was the British Minister at Washington, who had been conccmcu in similar inquiries before, a gentleman of great abilitv, and in whose judgment and impartiality all parties could have confidence. 1 believe that the geneial sentiment was, that it would not have been possible to find three gentlemen, either in the Privy Council or elsewhere, who were more likely than these were to arrive at a sound conclusion, or whose con- clusion would be more generally accept .J as satisfactory. You know the result ; by the award of the arbitrators a large addition has been made to the territory over which Ontario had heretofore exercised juris- diction. Among all the important questions which the Government of Ontario has had to deal with since Confederation, none was of greater moment to our future than this question of the boundary between Ontario and the Dominion ; and the award that we have obtained gives tu us not all that we asked for, and not all that we could and did givd pretty strong arguments in support of, but all that our people really desire, and as much as tho Provmce can make beneficial use of. And so another of the important and diflScult problems which the Govern- ment had to deal with was settled, and settled satisfactorily." — Ibid. The Award; The award declares that the following are and shall be the bound- aries of the Province of Ontario, namely : — "Commencing at a point on the southern shore of Hudson's Bay, commonly called James Bay, whero a line produced due north from the head of Lake Temiscamingue would strike the said south shore, thence along the said south shore westerly to the mouth of the AHitmy River, thence up the middle of the paid Albany River and of the lakes thereon to the source of the said river at the head of Lake St. Joseph, thence by the nearest line to the easterly end of Lac Seul, beiag the head waters of the Ejiglish River, thence westerly through the middle of Lac Seul and the said English River to a point where the same will be intersected by a true meridional line drawn northerly from the international monument placed to mark the most north-westerly angle of the Lake of the Woods by the recent Boundary Commission, and thence due south, following the said meri- dional line to the said international monument, thence southerly and easterly, following upon the international boundary line between the British possessions and the United States of America into Lake Supe- iloi*. But, if a true meridional line drawn northerly from the said international boundary at the said most north-westerly angle of the Lake of the Woods shall be found to pass to the west of where the Blng- lish River empties into the Winnipeg River, then, and in such case, the northerly boundaiy of Ontario shall continue down the middle of the iia Jl 4i i!^^: said EngliBh River to where the same empties into the Winnipeg River, and shall continue thence in a line drawn due west from the confluence of the said English River wtih the aaid Winnipeg River until the same will intersect the meridian above described, and thence due south fol- lowing the said meridional Une to the said international monument, thence southerly and easterly, following upon the international boundary line between the British possessions and' the United States of America into Lake Superior." — North-IFestem Ontario: it$ Boundaries, Beaowrces and Commumcations. — Ontario paptra, 1819. The Yftlne of the Territory. By the award of the arbitrators, to whom was referred the duty of determining the northern and western boimdaries of the Province of Ontario, a vast and magnificent territory has been declared to be within the jurisdiction of the Ontario Government and Legislature. This fine region contains within its limits timber lands of great value, rich and varied mineral deposits, rivers and lakes of noble proportions — abound- ing in fish, and opening up remote districts to travel and commerce — and touches at once the nead waters of the St. Lawrence navigation and the shores of a great northern sea, the treasures of which, when sought with the ardour and appliances of modem enterprise, may yield a return not even dreamt of by those old explorers and navigators who were most sanguine of its resources. — Ibid. Area of the Territory. The district included within these boundaries is of equal if not greater area than the whole of the rest of Ontario, exclusive of the Lakes Ontario, Superior, Huron* and Erie. Omitting those lakes, the Province, within the limits embraced in th proposition ot the Dominion, con- tained about 64,000,000 acres, or 100,000 square miles of territory. From the Quebec boundary line — from Lake Temiscamingue to James Bay — to the Lake of the Woods, the distance cannot be much less than seven hundred miles ; while, measured from north to south, the new territory covers a breadth of country varying from over three hundred to one hundred miles. The Province of Ontario will consequently, in future, possess an area of fully 200,000 square miles. This is 80,000 . square miles greater than the area of the United Kingdom ; only 12,000 square miles less than the whole German Empire ; orly 2,000 square miles less than France ; and equal to the combined areas of Holland, Portugal, United Italy, Switzerland and Belgium. The awarded terri- tory alune possesses un area greater by 20,'X)0 square miles than the group of countries just named, excepting Itsdy —Ibid. An Unjust Proposfti It should be observed that, according to the contention of the Domin- ion Guvernment, the northern boundary was the height of land forming the watershed of the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes, and skirting, at dis- tances varying from fifteen to fifty miles, the northern shores of Lakes Superior and Nepigon. The western boimdary, it was contended, was to be ascertained by a line drawn due north from the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and which was found to be in longitude 89 deff. 9 m. 27 sec. west. Such a line would have intersected Thunder "Baj, oivided the existing settlements on its BhoreS| alienated £rom peg River, confluence the same south fol- Lonument, boundary f America Eeaoweet e duty of ravince of be within This fine , rich and — abound- mmerce — [ation and en sought d a return who were lal if not the Lakes Province, lion, con- ry. From imes Bay less than the new ) hvmdred uently, in is 80,000 ly 12,000 30 square Holland, ded terri- than the e Domin- 1 forming ig, at dis- of Lakes ided, was Lce of the longitude Thunder ted Uom 45 Ontario a large district — including the Village of Prince Arthur's tend- ing, the population gathering round Fort William, the site of the pro- jected terminus of the Canada Pacific Railway, and the Townships of Black, Crooks, Pardee, Paiponge, Oliver, Neebingand Mclntyre, already under Ontario jurisdiction — and left within the Province only a narrow strip north of the lakes and south of the height of land. (See Correa- pondence Sessional Paper 44. — 1873.) Mr. Blake's Action. Previous to the resignation of the Sandfield-\facdonald Ministry commissioners with respect to the Northern and Western boundaries of the Province, had been appointed by the governments of Canada and Ontario respectively, but no definite instructions had been given them as to their course of proceding before Mr. Blake came into office. Find- ing, however, that the Dominion Government contemplated merely a commission to settle or locate the boundaries in the sense just indicated, Mr. Blake declined to be a party to such an arrangement, and it was left for his successor to take those steps which resulted in placing the right of Ontario to this magnificent territory beyond doubt. Small Cost of the Territory to Ontario. The whole cost of the Investigations, legal expenses and arbitration was less than |2(i,000, while for AlasEa the United States paid $7,200,- 000, or at the rate of THIRTEEN DOLLARS per square mile, and got a "white elephant" and worse, at that. GROWN LANDS-OOLONIZATION. The progress of the country, of which the work of the Crown Lands Department is a very accurate criterion, may be judged from the follow- ing figures, taken from a return presented to the Legislature in response to an order of the *Hou8e made in the Session of 1878, and authen- ticated by the proper officials. The figures given will far more than ac- count for the additional expenditure in this department, to which refer- ence is made elsewhere. (See Budget's Speech 1879, p. 28.) Averages for the two periods 1868 to 1871 and 1872 to 1877 inclusive. Letters Registered* 1868-71 (annual average) 15,156 1872-77 " « 20,527 Increase, 33 per cent. Survey Branch. Patents issued, 1868-71 (annual average) 2,176 " « 1872-77 « " 2,713 Licrease, 25 per cent. Sales, 1868-71 (annual average) 60,000 acres. « 1872-77 " " 100,000 « Increase, 66 per cent. fi tm 46 J^ettora registered, endoTsed on papers and noted on land rolls : 1808-71 8,660 1872-77. .i i 12,793 Increase, 50 per cent GomparatiTe Statements— Colonisation Roads— Lenstb of Boads Gonstracted, Number of miles constmcted from 1868 to end of 1871 213 " " " " 187*2 to end of 1878 1026 Total length of Oolonization Roads constructed since 1868 1239 if '3 Ayerage per annum from 1868 to 1871 53 « u u i872tol878 146i ftoads Repaired. In aildition to the foregoing there were : Miles of road repaired, 1868 to 1871 441 or 110 miles per annum. " 1872 to 1877 1476 or 246 u ft u Bridges Built. Bridges built, 1868 to 1871 18 or 4perannmn. " " 1872 to 1877 63 or 10 " ," In feet, the bridges averaged 668 feet per year in the former, and 1760 feet per year in the latter period, or an increase of 1092 feet of bridging per annum. Correspondence. The work of the department in connection with this branch of the service alone entailed a correspondence represented by an average oF 1,306 letters received annually in the latter, as against 474 per annum in the former peiiod ; while the letters written average 631 as against 276. Expenditure on Roads. The expenditure on Colonization Roads for the development of the country from which a large portion of the Provincial i-evenue in the shape of timber dues is derived, in the seven years since 1871 has amounted to the very large sum of $664,867. every dollar of which ie fructifying to the benefit of the people of the Province. Woods and Forests— ComparatlTe Statements— Timber licenses. The Licenses issued (in duplicate), from 1868 to 1871 were 754, or 188 }jer annum. tojn. 1872 to 1877 they were 2,194, or 365 per annumu An increase of 94 per cent. Saw Logs and Square Timber. Saw logs and square timber returns received and checked : 1868 to 1871 5,525 or 1,381 annual average, 1872 to 1877 17,246 or 2.874 annual aVemg*. li: J60 m BOAdt 213 1026 1239 53 146i « r anntim. t " and 1760 [ bridging ich of the of 1,306 wax in the 276. nt of the ae in the 1871 t« )le of the ileenses. )4, or 188 ,1 averago. Ll aVeragt. 4T FREE GRANTS-RATE OF PROGRESS. One of the moat interestinsr and most satisfactory features of progress is the very rapid filling up o? our Free Qrant Territory. Here again we have a very unmistakeable illustration of the necessary effect of increased busmMa in relation to departmental expenditure. Increase of Population. In 1868 the Muskoka, Parry Sound and Nipissing District, was almost a terra incognita ; it is now believed to contain a population of 30.000 souls. The influx of population to the Free Grant Territory is now at the rate of from 8,000 to 9,000 per annum. No more certain and legitimate method of creating a home market could be devised than this. Area of Free Grant Territory, The Free Qrant Territory covers an area of about 9,000,000 acres ; of this, there is surveyed an area of about 4,000,000 acrea. Townglklps. From the passing of the Free Qrant Act in 1868 to the end of 1871| the Townships set apart for Free Grant purposes numbered 54. But from 1868 up to the end of 1878 the Townships set apart for Free Grants numbered 94. Acreage Located. The acreage located from 1868 up to the end of 1871, was 410,880 acres; Leas cancellations for non-fulfilment of settlement dues 62,100 " Total acreage deducting' cancellations to end of 1871... 348,780 "• The total acreage located from 1868 to the end of 1878 was 1,660,323 •« *43,334 " 1,703,657 " Less cancellations aboui. ^.. 452,500 " * In the Township of Ryenon, aa homestead lots, under the Public Works Department But the total acreage deducting cancellations from 1868 to the end of 1878 was 1,251.157 " as compared with 348,780, the total acreage located up to the end of 1871. Number of Locatees. The number of locatees from 1868 to the tnd of 1871 was 3,390 Less cancellations 627 2,70b But the total number of locatees from 1868 to the end of 1878 was. 13,072 Less cancellations 4,525 Leaving ^iBzi as compared with 2,769, total number located to end of 1871. ^ I 48 RecApltaUtton. The Iucr«Me of acreage of free granta in actual • oooupation in 1878 over 1871 was. 902877 The number of locationa actually occupied in 1878 over 1871 was , 5,778 The number of Townnhips surveyed in 1878 over those surveyed up to the end of 1871 was 40 Caneellatloni Explained. The cancellations, ariaing chiefly from persons filling up the oMer Free Grant Townships as the new lauds beoonie more remote, ave from 1868 to 1871, 155 per annum, but from 1872 to 1877, 4t ^er annum. Every cancellation is the subject of previous inquiry and aue consideration. , Letters on Free Grant Business. The average number of letters written from the free grant branch to the department was 818 per annum, in the former ; and 2862) OK 190 P£B CENT. INCISEASE, in the latter period. PURITY OF GROWN LANDS ADMINISTRATION. It is worthy of remark, that not one effectual attempt has been made to impugn the fairness, idtegrity and justice of the administration of the Crown Lands of Ontario since it came under the management of a I^eform Administration. Hon. W. MacdoogalPs Fiasco. In the Session of 1875-6, the Hon. Wm. Macdouprall, mem r South Simcoe, seconded by Mr. Lauder, member for East Grey, moved for a roving Committee of Inquiry in the following terms : — His Motion. " That a Select Committee of nine members be appointed to inquire into the administration of the Crown Lands Department for tlie last five years, and to ascertain whether any irregular or improper cancellations of sales of land, or any irregular or improper sales of land to any person or persons have taken place ; also whether any patents have been issued improvidently or improperly , and whether any amendment of the law is necessary to secure a better and more economical administration of the said department, with power to send for persons and papers, and to examine witnesses on oath." (See Journals Leg. Ass'y, 1876-6, p. 169.) In support of this motion not a single case of corrupt or improper cancellation was mentioned ; not one irregular or improper sale of land ; not one patent that had issued or was supposed to have been issued im- providently ; not a single fact indicating that a better or more economi- cal administration of the department was hoped for ; and not a single amendment of the law was specified as a ground for the inquiry. Mr. Sinclair's Amendment. To Mr. Macdougall's motion Mr. Sinclair, a supporter of th« Gtovera ment, moved in amendmoit as follows : 40 ;he older ive 4t ^dr r and due nt branch 162, OB TION. has been Lnistration igement of ey, moved to inquire le last five ncellations any person )een issued the law is tion of the srs, and to ■6, p. 169.) impropftT .leofland ; issued im- e economi- st a single jy. the Ooyera «* That a roving coinmUilon to inquire, at the jn»t«nc« of an Oppo- Kition, into the many thousand^ of decinioua in the Crown Laudd Department for five years, is unprecedented in British or Canadian cou- Btitutional f;(>viinimoijt ; tliat such a proceeding would for an ind«flnit(« period oLsiruct the iuipoi-tunt current hnsinesa of the Department, and reqtiire the withdrawal of the Commissioner and some of his officwi* from all other pnl)lic work \ tViat mich a committee could only be ju^ti- tied on the graveHt necpfwity, arising out of proved misconduct, or well founded Huspiciuu of misconduct, in tl)e administration of the Depait- inent ; that no case of thp kind haa hoen n»ade out ; that, on the contrary, the Deimitment It^s, under ita present administration, been conducted with known ability, vigour, and itnpurtiality, and that its management has had, and now has, the couiidence of the House and the oountry." V , 'Another Amendment. It was, however, left for an Opposition member to give the finiiliing stroke to Mr. Macdougall's proposal. Mr. Grange (Opposition) moved to Hubetitnte the following for Mr. Sinclair's amendment : ♦* That in the epinion of this House, it is inexpedient to grant a committee for bucIi general investigation, involving the necessity of (occupying) the time.olthe Comm^jfioneu of Crown Lands and the detk« of the departments for months, and the possible payment of witnesnea, merely for t1upurj)ose ofpurnuing^stispicion having no tauffihle form ; uml — while mis Tloxise has confidence that the Commissioner of Crown Lands, in discharging t!ie duties of hi? office, acts impartiallv and in accordance with the law, it would be willing to grant a comn tee whenever any defined charge of maladministration in the Crown Lands Department or any other department o! the public service, is made in the usual forn*. ay ouj Kot a " Baker's Doaen '* to Vote for It. Even such <;o^st^nt ' opponents of the Government as Messrs. Baker (Russell), Fliifher (Cardwell), Graham (Froutenac), liarkin (Pref^cott), Kean (EI. Simcoe), McDougall (N. Middlesex), McRae (N. Victoria), and Tooley (E. Middlesex), voted along with the mover, in favour of Mr. Grangfc'.s amendment,' wlildh was canied on a division, by '50 Yeas to 12 Nays, Mr. Macdougall's ill-judged proceeding not finding " a baker's dozen" to support it. Several Opposition meailiers whc' disapproved of the motion of Mr. Macdougall, but who had not the manliness to act as their judgment dictated, shirked the vote by which their colleagues in opposition declared they had coiifidenco that the Comnii.^sioner of Crown Lands in the dischai^e oi the duties of hi.s oilice " acta inipariiuUy and in accordance with the law," that there was no " suspicion having a tangible form" t-o be^alleged against him, and not one "defined act of umkidministration " to justify an investigation. SALE 0? HURON TIMBSK LIMITS. This transaction was so very thoroughly canvassed during the last Qenei-al Election, it will only be needful to recapitulate a few matters by way of e^^planation in order to reply to any one who at this time of day may Attack the juresentGoYornment "for recklessly sacrificing 5,000 square miles of the public domain." f I im R9 Ministerial Changes. It may be noted, in the first place, that neither the Premier of th« existing Administration, nor any of his present colleagues except the Hon. Adam Crooks, were members of the Government when the sale was made. It took place in October, 1872, the Hon. R W. Scott being Commissioner of Crown Lands at that time. r Area of the Land. The area put under license was about 5,000 square miles, or 70 milei square, lying on the north shore of Lake Huron. What the sale yielded. If all the purchasers had completed their purchases, the transaction would have yielded to the Province a boniu of $592,601, and nound rent ($2 a square mile) $10,064 ; making an average bonus of $117 a square mile ; and affording together an Mmual return of about $40,000 for interest and ground- rent, exclusive of timber dues on the timber, whatever the quantity may be, which ia cut from year to year, and! which forms a very important item in the annual Revenue of Mba Pro- vince. Several parties, however, failed to comply with the conditions; in consequence of which 586^ square miles of area offered remained atj the disposal of the I'rovince. ^> , What was sold. • AU that the money bid at the time covered was iht fird right to oi ^ain an cmimal license to cut the timber, subject to the dues payable oi every log cut. ^ The Sale according to law. So neither was the land nor even the timber disposed of by the sali which took place in strict accordance with an Act that had been on tl Statute Book SINCE 1849 (12 Vic, c. 23), and which has been coi Btantly acted upon from the day it was passed up to the present time. The Licensees Controllalile. The licensees are absolutely under the control of the Legislature ai the department, and have no vested rights or interests in the territoi whatsoever. ^ (f^ Necessity for Protecting the Territory. -^ At the time of the sale, the losses by robbery and fires were becomii increasinglv great ; the timber was becoming more valuable ; the po^ lation on both sides uf Lake Huron was increasing fast ; there wi already several mills which got their supply from the territory, and a large extent without paying for it ; and the territory was being tiljtilitv versed by increased numbers engaged in mining explorations, and otli^ ^ wise interested in the territorv. In view of the operation of tin causes men familiar with the subject have expressed an opinion that| this territory should not be put under license for 30 vean, it would then contain more timber than after 30 years of cuttug under lice and that Muskoka now contains no more timber th»n if it had Wn under license 15 years earlier than it was. The Time Well €hosen. The tiiiie for the operation was an exceedingly favourable one. 8e<^uent experience in regard to the timber trade has more than { this. Is f.^ict, it has never been pretended th«t eithv before or WM the opportunity bo good. It ofth( holdii bougli See 12 Th in thi« "licen "Jicen "1863, "mile( "only, "Lake "the Si Soa interest Hs A fori territorji DNPAIR OOORX ( or FRAI The [in hands nd rapi alfmil een ma( eople oi P The C) epartnii overnm< ings, an sylums Jiiid, an( entral P: ndrew Women t^rmatc mier of th« I I except the len the sale I Scott being or 70 mile»| ie transaction! , and m^undl MB of $117 al ibout $40,000 1 the timber,! r to year, andl leof thePro-l he conditions;! 1 remained at! int right to o\> ucB payable o| I of by thesalJ lad been on tU has been coij present time. jegislature an in the territo^ .c were becomi Bible ; the poj ast ; there w erritory, and f was being t ions, and otlii eration of tlii opinion tha' B, it would under licei it had Ijwn able one. ^ore than pi b«for«or 51 . ITobody Favoured. It has been absurdly and falsely said *hat the sale was in the interests of the lumbermen of the Ottawa District. Now, the number of persons holding limits before this sale was ninety-eight ; of these but four bought at the sale, and not one of the four was from the OttawaJDistrict. See Return Sessional Papers 1873. ^ Fr^^Tioas Sales. The sale is generally spoken of as if it were the first rale of licenses in this territory ; while the fact is, that for " the years 1852 and 1853 " licenses were ^nted in the locality, and held up to 1856-1857, «uch " licenses covering aft area of 2,966 square miles, and that in October, " 1863, €92 square miles were offered for sale by public auction, 342 "miles of which were sold at an average bonus of $1.14 per mile " only, making a total ot 3,308 sqiiare miles placed under license on the "LjJte Huron territory, or more than three-fiiths of the area oftered at " the sale in October last." (See Crown Lands Report for 1873, p. 9.) Hon. Wm. Macdotigall Testifies. So absurd was the imputation that any wrong had been done to the interests of the Province by the bargain, that IVlr. Wm. Macdougall, who, tf9 d former Crown Lands Commissioner, had some espurience of the territory in question, declared, from his place in the Legislature, m unfair had it been to the lumberers, that, in his opinion, a Court op Equity would set aside the transaction on the ground or FRAVi>.-:^(i^peliatesLegisliuive Assembly, '* Globe'" Dec. ^th, 1875^. :> -^ BesuUfl of the Sale. The fact is, that by the sale an unguarded territory has been placed |in hands intetested in its protection ; what was previously worthless nd rapidly wasting became a valuable source of revenue, and some alf million of dollars paid as bonuses by the purchasers in 1872 has een made available in aid of the material progress and prosperity of the eople of Ontario. PUBLIO WORKS EXECUTED SINGE 1871. The following table shows the very large amount of works of public tility carried out under the direct supervision of the Public Works epartment since 1871 : Expenditure Expenditure to betwuou 31 31 Dec. 1S71 Dec. 1871 iiiid 81 Dec. 1878. 9 ct8. 9 »»t J. overnment House, Parliament Build- ings, and Grounds' U7 .668 55 69,393 30 sylums for the Insane 484,017 53 763,500 72 li'iid, and Deaf and Dumb InslitutCA.. 159,533 86 182,638 88 entral PiisonT... 10,925 96 474,286 83 ndrew Mercer's' Reformatory for Women..; i.. ■..■...'. 8,166 27 eformatory, Peuetanguishen© 12,080 74 S6,001 'ti •S 1 ■ i iil. J IV I ^' II ■" 58 ♦ Lock Up«, Gaols, Registry Offices, &o. Government Farm, Mimico.... Agricultural College and Fann School of Practical Science Normal and Model Schools, Toronto and Ottawa •Osgoode Hall .,, Works on Lakes and Rivers Roads, Free Grant Homestead Clear- ings, &c. Surveys, Inspections, Arbitrations, Ac. Drainage Works and Surveys Brock's Monument 7,387 31 47,350 00 33,609 34 13,613 60 122,112 25 30,279 70 1,137 34 128,176 35 981 10 42,138 \i 4,296 169,665 57,945 136,271 43,697 \\ 198,422 26,588 \\ 14,487 236,653 $1,213,773 59 •2,443,152! <• In Thunder Bt.y, Sault Ste. Marie, Parrv Sound, Ac., fto^ EXPENDITURE SINCE 1871 $2,448,162 (-See Public Works Report 1878.) Drainage Operations. The very widespread utility of the drainage operations, one portiJ only of which is included in the foregoing statements, namely, thi actually constructed by the Government, wiU be seen by a return J be found at page 25 Public Works Reports for 1878. The total sij there given as chargeable to Municipalities for drainage works e^ cutei under the original Act by Government, is $328,380.93. The works executed by MunicipalKies, in accordance with the poll of the present Administration, with money advAuced by the Govei ment, on Municipal 20 years* debentures bearing 5 per cent, inter are the following ; Kent 107,406 Larabton 78,224 Middlesex 8,939 Elgin 26,270 Lanark 2,82ft Addington 2,083 Peterboro' 1,060 Lennox 1,446 Essex 27,999 Leeds 1,5 Welland , . * . ,. . .>, . . . 1,5 Huron i..v;f..,««.i.»4. 4,i Bruce 2,01 Diirham . l,0i Perth 20, ^ii 42,138 4,296 169,665 67,946 136,271 43,697 198,422 26,688 ll 14,487 836,663 $2,443,1521 t,448,162 pions, one portii I, namely, th( n by a return, The total si nage works e ,380.93. se with the poli by the Gove )er cent, inte f 107,406 78,224 8,939 26,270 2,82i) 2,083 1,060 1,446 27,999 1,500 1,565 4,00( 2,oi: 1,06( 20, Grey. '.;".". .7'?". ...... 1,351 25 Hastings .-....•. ......". 2,200 00 Haldimand i. .,... 7,840 00 . ' $297,773 73 f Add Government work.... 328,380 93 Total advances for Drainage $626,154 66 Total advances since 1871 $498,967 00 These tablet may also be seen at page 85 of the Budget Speech of Mr. Treasure Wood, authentioated by the signature of Mr. Molesworth, the Government Engineer, who is responsible for the due protection of the public inteirests m all such arrangements. ToUl Area Drained. Mr. Mdesworth gives the total area drained by these operations approximately at 203,100 acres under the first head, and 186,108 acres under ^he sepond head, a total of 389,208 acres. -slrt RAILWAYS. Railway Grants. The Public Works Department is also responsible for the due appli- catioii of all moneys advanced as aid to railways. It is only on the Report of the Commissioner of Public Works, acting on the certificate of Uie Engineer, to the effect that so many miles of road are completed, that the money is paid in accordance with the terms of the Orders in Council, ratified by the vote of the Legislature, under which the grants have been made. A list of the railways aided, and other particulars are given as the resiilts of " Legislation," at page 8. For convenience some of the figures may be recapitulated here : — Aided Railways Constructed. Nnmber of Total fnuita In ud MilM of Roada Bonuses hy Aggregrato Ex. Lines ftidfld. toSl Dec. lS7t. oompittted. Municipalities. ponditure. 28 $2,279,024.34 n,357 $7,139,480.00 $22,885,186.00 —Engwuft JSeport, Budget Speech, p. 70. * TUm does not indude S21 miles under construction. Railways of Ontario. These are now within the limits of the Province of Ontario no less than 3,213 miles of railways actually completed, and 321 miles under constraction, exclusive of any west of Thunder Bay. Of the completed roads, 1,464 miles were constructed previous to Confederation, 1,357 miles of road have been built since by the aid of Government Bonuses, and 392 without that assistance. The unassisted roads were the Great Western, Air Line, 145 miles, the Canada Southern, Main Line, 229 miles, and ont or two short sections of other roads. 1 5i Bepalrs of Works and Bolldlngs. ISie ordering and superintendence of repairs on all Oovemment Works and Buildings, now very numerous, also devolve upon the o£leenu«£ the Public Works Department. IMMIGRATIOfr.^"* ^"^ ff.* T To say that immigration is necessary to the progress and prosperity of the Province of Ontario is but to utter a truism. Inunigration, to Ontario, is everything. Ontario is a community of immigrants, and only to immigration does it owe its existence. Every third person in the Pro- vince was bom beyond the limits of the Dominion, and probably as many more a^e the sons or daughters of immigrants. Only by filling up our waste lauds by immigration can we conti..ue to grow, and thus rival the great nation to the south of us, which owes its marvellous expansion almost entirely to the en«ouf agement given to immigration. The reports of the agencies of the Immigration Department ohow the following numbers of immigrants (as nearly as can be ascertained) to have settled in Ontario between 1669 and 1878 inclusive >7f Immigrants Settled in Ontario, 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 25,8d0 25,842 28,129 39,184 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 17,656 11,432 11,664 13,056 In addition to the above the following were reported through the Customs Department in 1876-7-8 as arriving and settling in Ontario : — I876.?''';"j''l^7.-' ' 1878. 1869. Reported by agencies. . . .15,893 1874. it H u 25,444 Repoi-ted by Customs 7,691 Add tioee i«{)ort!ed by agencies.. 11,432 '• 19,123 . I .-;'f 6,225 11,654 • v: * 17,879 U,885 15,055 • 17,940 Reduction slnee ma o,^ii-:£— ' It vn[\ be obperved that there has been kvery considerable deqline in tho numbers since 1873, when the immigration rea<,;lted its maximum. The cause for this is to be found in the check to immigration from Europe to the American continent owing to -the general deprassion in Dude and all classes of enterprise on this side of ,the Ati^JiUc; while, on 1 he other hand, it was only at a more recent date that the depression now so severe in Greut Britain began to be aerioiuly felt. The high wages earned there till recently by mechanics, and thcrimproved condition of agricultural labourers, were aiULong". the reasons foi^ the j^«iat falling ofT.. Ontario, too, has to couteud with tlie ej>tr40rdinai7 mducements held out to emigrants from Europe by New Zealand and one or two other Australian Colonies — free passages, and' Jlu Bg^e c<^ even free outfits, being offered as attractions. . • , . % 69 remment apon the >rosperity ration, to , and only 1 the Pro- y as many filling up and thus marvellous Igration. t Dhow the tained) to 1878. ) 39,184 d) ! 1878, lb 13,056 rough the tario : — 1878. 4,885 1S,055 17,940 Ible decline Imaximum. ition from Ipression in while, on [depression The high L. improved 13 iW the [r^ordinary aland and ■some elites Policy or (U» GoTemnK^nt. ' Another cause has b^en the prudent resolution of the Government of Ontario to assist no other immigrants than domestic servants and &rm labourers with famih'es. ImproTed Qaallty of Immignifloii. The resrdt has been a claw of immigrants fewer in number, but for the most part of the best possible description. ; '1 Former Policy. Up to 1873 the immigration had been of a somewhat indiscrimiuate character, consisting very largely of the poorer industrial population of towns and cities. Although it is believed that most of these pei-sons have proved uwefnl members of the community, and are doing on the whole well, it is obvious that they ^e not the class to be encouraged in periods of depression and stringency. Who sre Wanted. It is equally clear that, for farmers with a little capital, or farm labourers, or domestio servants, the demand is unlimited. Mr. Donaldson*s Testimony. In his Report, dated Januaiy 1, 1876, Mr. John Donaldson, the Dominion Immigration Agent at Toronto, and who has filled p«sitions in connection with the Immigration Department since 1861, says, after referring to the immigrants who had gone forward to Manitoba : — • ' The balance (of arrivals), who were mostly agricultural labourers from Great Britain, were an excellent, well adapted, and much-net^ 1 class of settlers to our Province, and I am hapi)y to say that they have givdn every satisfaction to their employew, as not a single complaint has reached this agency from any quarter ; and of this class of immigrantf), together with domestic servants and lads, I can honestly say, both for the information of the department and for the benefit of those intend- ing to emigrate to Ontario, that 1 have yet to see the day the supply was anything hkt equal to the demand." Farther Testimony. . In his report for 1878, Mr. Donaldson says :— " The capital brought into the district this year will amount to some $210,000 : of this sum, some $39,Q00 were brought by Mennonites, and about $10,000 by Icelanders, both of which pai'ties took their money with them to Manitoba. Of the balance, the greater part has been invested in the purchase of cleared farms and real estate, while not a small portion has gone into the Free Grant District of Muskoka. "In spite of afl reports to the eontdwurjr, all parties of the proper class of immigrants arriving at this agency were, >vith a little extra exertion, readily placed whei-e employment was awaiting them imme- diately f.ft^r their arrival. The only difficulty experienced was in placing clerks and shopkeepers, of whom a few, notwithstanding the warnings at home, still continue to arrive. " From information received by the agents in Great Britain, and othervfiee, a large increase in the numbers of arrivals is expedited next ^ ht f?" Hi: year. This is partly oitdi% to the gMat depression of trade in England, and likewise, to the exportation of cattle, sheep, jiorses, etc., from Canada, which of late has assumed such vast proportions. This latter has the effect of drawing the attention of tenant farmers and capitalists at home to this country, as the best colony in which to improve their condition." Demand for Labonren. Q ' On page vi. of the Report for 1878 occurs the following : *' Early in the season of 1878, a larger proportion of labourers than usual arrived at the Toronto Agency, while the demand was not quite eqval to that of former years. It was such, however, that all the farm labourers obtained employment immediately on their arrival. As the season advanced the applications increased, till, during the harvest, it was impossible to supply them. In some parts of the country farm labourers were paid as high as $2.50 per diem during the harvest* The demand in the western sections of the Province seems to be creator than in the eastern. The agent at London reports that he is already receiving applications for labourers for the spring work." Imoiigration of United Statea. That the statement that the bulk of our immigration finds its way ultimately to the United States has now at all events no foundation in fact is shown not onh- by the reports of the agents here, but also by the United States Immigration returns, which give the immigration to that country as follows : — 1869. 395,922 1874. 277,593 1870. 378,79« 1875. 209,036 1871. 367,769 1876. 182,027 1872. 449,483 1873. 437,004 1877. 1 6 montlis only, or equal 79,485 J to 158,970 for the year. The maximum was reachedin the United States in 1 872, and amounted to 449,483 persons. The latest returns show 158,970, or as nearly as possible only one-third of the immigration of 1872. It may be very safely inferred, that in the fiace of such a state of things very few immigrants to Canada crossed the line again after coming here. The figures are taken from Spofford's American Almanac, 1878. Immigration HeceMary. '^' In connection with this subject it is necessary to bear in mind the depletion of population in the older settled portions of the country from the opening up of the Free Orant Districts, the inducements to take up new land in more recently settled districts, and the flow of settle- ment into Manitoba and the North- West now proceeding at an extr»^ ordinary rate. 0S» - Migration to Manltotta. The migration of farmers and farmers' sons from Ontario to Mani- toba and the North- West is very great, and nothing but advantage can accrue from the immigration of persons able to take their places, espe- cially those with some capital. Free ttrant Settlement. < The progress of settlement in the Free Grant District ia referred to 67 EagUnd, etc, from ["hiB latter capitalists rove their O luren thac not quite LI the farm il. As the harvest, it iQtrv farm kreat" The reater than f receiving ids its way foundation )ut also by igration to , or equal the year, amounted nearly as ly be very very few Here. The mind the le country iuts to take of settle- an extr» io to Mani- antagecan Bces, espe- referred to Under the Head of*Orown Lands, tt Will l)« observed that not less than from 8,000 to 9.000 persons settled in the fVee Gran!s in 1^78, equal to over one-half of the total immigration into the province. Most of these were settlers from Ontario. Always provided that the immigrants are of the right class, it is obvious, th'^irefore, that no reason exists for the attempt of panic-mongers to deci-y immigration. Such a policy would be not only foolinh but absolutely suicidal. _ The TftlM 9t »■ ImmlcniBt. In what estimation our astute neighbours in the United States hold an immigrant, may be seen from the following extract from the Special Report on Immigration compiled by Dr. Edward Ycung, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics at Washington in 1871. He says : — "The wages of labourers and unskilled workmen throughout the country average very nearly $400 per year. . Assuming that the families of those men consist of four persons, we have $100 dollars as the amount which each individual produces, and to which also he is restricted in consumption. The estimated yearly expenditure of the family of a labourer consisting of two adults and two small children (if any are larger it is probable they earn something in addition), is as follows : — Fur tea. coffee, sugar, and other forei^ goods, $60 ; flour, meat, and butter, about $150 ; rent $60 ; fuel and light,.$30 ; vegetables, $30 ; milk, eggs, etc., $20 ; leaving $60 for clothing, housekeeping, go6ds, etc. As most of these expenditures are for articles of domestic produce, which pay a succession of profits not only to the retailer, wholesale dealer, and pro- ducer, but to the transporter, the sum of these net profits constitutes the aggregate amount which this family contribute to the wealth of the country. A careful computation gives $160, which sum is the measure alike of their production and consumption. Asi producers and consumers, then, each is worth to the country $40 per annum ; which, capitali/ed at 6 per cent. ,gives EIGHT HUNDREI) DOLLARS AS THE AVER- AGE VALUE OF AN IMMIGRANT." This estimate does not include money or effects, valued per head at $68. Other authorities have estimated the value of each immigrant to the country at $1000, but Dr. Young's estimate is based on the hypothesis that the $800 represents the value of an unskilled labourer only. Cost of Imiiitgriitloii. The cost per head to the Province of Ontario in 1878, which in- cludes those settling through the Agencies only, the others providing for themselves, was $2.44. In 1877 it was $3.96, and in 1876 it was $3.95. That was the actual cost to this Province, not of coure<^ includ- ing the outlay for immigration purposes of the Dominion Government. By claiming that the immigrants landing at Quebec, and reported through the agency there, are alone to be counted, some Opposition critics and pamphleteers have managed to make the cost per head ap- pear much larger; but the .figures given are those of experienced officials who endeavour, as accurately as possible, to ascertain that the arrivals represent bona fide settlers. «•!■ \9 CaUrio. ' ' J Taking about $3 as the average cost, it would represent a capitalized / m^s ■it 68 eoat of §60 as agabut a capitalized value of $800, or an sbsolute gain to the country on every such immigrant of $740. This, multiplied by the number of immigrants included in tlie returns, shows an annual gain to the wealth of we country, on the very low basis of Dr. Young's estimate, of $6.660.700. If we take the present rate of settlement in MuHkuka, 9,000 annually, as the basis of calculation, we shall find, allowing the settlers no greater production per head than is realized by the ordinary labourer, and assuming the settlers are either immigrants or Canadians whose place is supplied in this older Sections by immigrants, that, in ten years, the actual contribution to the wealth of the country by immigration in the Free Qrant Settlement alone, w^ould be as follows : — SottUirB. M a Yours S 0.000 X 740 « 6,660,000 X 10 = 66,600,000. $66,600,000, Or Sixteen millions six hundred thousand dollars in excess of the pre- sent assessed value of the whole real and personal estate of the City of Toronto. Immigration. Mr. Wood, in his late Budget Speech, referred to this department in the follpwiu;^ terms : — " I am aware that there is a diversity of opinion as to this on both sides of the House, but I would point out the fact that in 1871 we expended $29,712.56, and in 1878 $31,975.09, or an increase of $2,262.53. This increase is more than accounted for by the charge for the carriage of immigrants from Quebec in 1878, being $7,139.32, and nothing in 1871, and the redifction of ocean passages, amounting to $3,181.13. Now I may state that the carriage of immigrants from Quebec is in accordance with the agreement made with the Dominion Government. I may also state fur the information of the House w^hat number of immigrants leit the British Islands in 1871 and in 1878 respectively, and I may here reulark that a large number of immigrants . will necessarily find their way here whether they are assisted or not ; and if no money were expended either in assisted passages or in for- wniding immigi'ants from Quebec to Ontario, or in paying their railway fares to the different sections of this Province where they might intend settling, then we would be able to say that the cost per head was nothing, and in fact that the year that such a policy waa carried out was the cheapest year for immigration purposes that we could have. What I wish to convey is this : that when a large number of immi- grants are coming out owing to the hard times in Great Britain, the * cost must necessarily be less, as it requires less eflbrt in the way of assisted passages and so forth. In 1871 the nunJber which left the British Islands was 253,435, of whom we received in Ontario 25,842, or ten per cent. In 1877 the number which left the British Islands was 119,971, and of these we received in Ontario 17,879, or fifteen per cent. In both cases the number reported through Customs are included. I am not in a ppaition to show what number left the British Islands in 1878, but the number which arrived here was 18,172. th al 99 r*' '^ ^ >lute gain Itiplied by ui annual r. Young's annually, lettlers no labourer, ana whose ten years, igratiou in ,000. of the pre- ;he City of lepartment lis on both n 1871 we icrease of harge for 39.32, and •unting to ants from )ominiou ouse w^hat in 1878 a migrant 3 )d or not ; or in for- ir railway ht intend head was rried out uld have. ■ of immi- itain, the e way of left the 26,842, or lands was per cent, uded. I Islands in EDUCATION. No branch of the public service is producing more gratifying resiiltst than the Administration of the Department of Education. Allusion has already been made to the substitution in 1876 of the Hon. Adam Crooks as Minister of Education for the permanent officer known as the Chief Superintendent. The additional interest imparted to the discussions in the House by the presence of the responsible nead of the department, and the very exhaustive explanations given by the Minister ol the working of the system and the measureshe has adopted for giving it increased efficiency, cannot but tell most favourably on the educational service, and all who are locally concerned in the oversight or management of our Public and High Schools. The following statistics from the Educa- tional Report for 1877 will serve to indicate the educational progress of the Province since 1871, and the v^ry important share the Govern- ment grants have in achieving these most satisfactory results. Pnblle Schools Revenue, 1871. 1877. Increase. County Municipal Assessment... 492,481 858,a0& 366,824 Trustees' Assessment 1,027, 184 1,564, 1 26 636,942 Clergy Reserves, &c 410,633 730,687 320,054 Legislative Grant 178,975 270,066 91,091 32,124,471 $3,423,184 $1,298,713 MMtclpal Gontribattons. The contiibntions of the public through municipal taxation thus realized in 1877 the veiy large sum of $2,422,481. Alluding to the increased contributions of the public towards this all important object, the Attorney-General, in his speech at Woodstock, on the 12th December, 1878, ssid : The education of the people is in fact the most impbrtant objeet which can receive public attention, and there is nothing, aa I rajoioe to B«;e, which our people more prize than educational facilities for their children. They have shown that feelirg in many ways, and among others in this, that while we have been assisting in this great workwith larger grants than before, the local expenditure by the people for the same object has increased far more than ours has ; they expend year by year far more money on educational purposes than such sums as they receive from the Gov- ernment. Fur example, the local expenditure on Public and Separate Schools and High Schools for 1876 was not far from four millions of dollars, viz., $3,690,546. The Province only contributed $524,493 (part of which sum is included in the local expenditure). The Eeople have built and are building better schools, they are paying etter salaries to their teachers, and they are availing themselves of school appliances of all kinds of an improved description. Our expen- diture on education has increased from $315,887, the. amount in 1871 — Mr. Sandfield Macdonald's last year — to $648,792, the amount in 1877. But the people's totdi expenditure for the same object has in- creasod, m respect of teachers' salaries, from $1,191,476 in 1871, to $1,838,320 iu 1976; aad in respect of school sites, buildings. 9«l U'.i npttln, Ac., from 1611,810 In 1871, to 11,168,134 In 1876. I nam* 1876 because I have nut at hand all tho figures for 1877. Education ia one of the objects for which, since we had the money, we have felt it a duty to recommend a more liberal expenditure than previously. XDUOATIONAL PBOGBXSS. 1871-1877. *' i* Edncation Report, 1877.) Amount paid for the Salaries of Public and Separate School Teachers in Ontario. $1,191,476 $2,038,099 Amount paid for the erection or repairs of Public and Separate School Houses, and for Libraries and Apparatus, Books, Fuel, Stationery, &c 611,818 1,035,390 Total paid for tite above objects. $1,803,294 Amount paid for High School Masters' Salaries — ; :. 113,802 Total amount paid for erection or repairs of High School Houses 24,164 Amount received by other Educatitmui Institutions, (including private Educa- tional and Collegiate Fstablishments in 1871 but not in 1877) 356,374 Qrand Total paid for Educational purposes in Ontario $2,297,094 Total Public School Teachers in Ontario. . . 5,306 6,468 Total Male do do .... 2,641 3,020 Total Female do df ... 2,605 3,448 $3,073,489 211,607 61,417 250,968 $3,587,481 ComparatiTe Cost Of Public Bcfidlol Edncation tn Ontario and UuUcd States. ,^ ^,,:,„„,,.,., „,^i .,n .. The improvements introduced into the 8ch60V syi^f6m)'t1ii^ Ihcreaned salaries of teachei*^, and other causes, have increased the cost of main- taining the schools, which amounted in 1877 to $5.29 per pupil. The excellence of the Ontario school system is a matter of world-wide notoriety, and the cost will compare most favourably with the same item under similar systoma of public instruction elsewhore, as the following table will show: — ■ *■ > Maintenance of Putiilc Schools, per Capita of School Population. .- . . $ 0. . Massachusetts .,. .,^,, •>i>u*^..i«c.(.Ui.<*« \2A 48 Ohio .........u-.i • Peimsylvania.... . Michigan. . ,, ,>ir^>v.«;c.-.-^»vv »;. j^tx «:.uW . * -.h'i^Ji. «• New Vork. . .,»,;. ;.»'». . u.u'. .-. .^ . . . .U; < ; /i»i. .» j.. H — (Sw S«)*—'* of Htm. A. Orooka^ Se$aion 1871>. 8 30 7 60 7 47 6 12 6 89 •r.-jr •.»s '•? I nam^ iucation ave felt oualy. J877. 138,099 135,390 ►73,489 211,607 61,417 n V' ; • 250,968 387,481 6,468 3,020 3,448 and increased of main- pU. The orld-wide the same e, .aa the mlation. 0. 48 30 60 4T 12 89 CompanitlTe floit fbr €arront Kxpciidlture for Pabllo School Purposei In American and Canadian €Ules. In cities and townn the cost of education is nccosftarily larger than In rural districts ; but the expense per pupil in Ontario cities will slxow how economically this great work is carried on here as compared with the expuuditure in American cities. $ c. Toronto 6 44 Hamilton 6 90 London Ji 00 Kiiii{8ton 3 83 Ottawa City 8 38, .ONTARIO CITIES AVERAGE $6 10 Boston 25 94 New York 21 99 Cinciimati 20 80 Lowell 17 79 Rochester....: 16 63 Detroit ; 13 74 In Nova Scotia tlie cost is 8G 57 pw head. In Nlw I'-, un.swick it in only $4.15, but the system in that Produce is as yet imperfect, and embraces no arrangements at present for that very necessary item of expense — the tmning of teachers. lu England the Boai-d Schools cost £2 Is. 4^(1. sterling nor head, or about 10 dolliivs currency. Tlxe vol- untary schools involve an expenilituro in Enjj[land of £1 13h. 5^d. sterling, or ^ currency per head, and in Scotland of £1 14."^. l|d. sterling, or $8.20 currency per head. — See Speech of Hon. A. Crooks, Session 1879. €ost of Inspection. The cost of the all-impdilant work of inspection in Ontario, whic^» is sometimes complained of aa burdensome by those not familiar wit^^ its value and nocesnity, also compares most favourably with the same chaise in the principal States of the Union and in Great Britain. It may be i-emarfced that the actual cost in the States is far in excess of the nominal cost, which is enhanced by numerous charges not in- cluded in the latter. The following are the figures showing the actual cost : .^v;.:;;^ .. ,t; ...i;. Pennsylvania ,v,... $ 2 74 per head. Ohio 2 75 New York •...:■.... •.:...■.......... 1 51 I'jii.JifiTit! ; .i-.i;..s.»J ;!.}i iv. . . 46 20 m ti it CVNT8 PRR UKAS. ^V Massachusetts. England ONTARIO .. — jSee Speech of Hon. A. Croahs, ^<: and tBb Ottawa Normal School, 80 pupil& C2 employment for Women. Amo|ig many intoresting features in the above table is the very large number of young women who now quality themHelves for the position of teachers in the public KchoolB. The emplovment of the female portion of the population in a vocation for which they are so peculiarly well fitted aa the training of the young, is one of the nioHt effective solutions of a great social problem which in time poiplexes all civilized communities. I' Conntjr Model Schools. Tlie year 1877 was the first in which the experiment of tho now County Model School system was tried. In the two terms of 1877 the number of County Moilel Schools was 50 ; the total attendance was 1237. Of 11(58 who were examined lur certificates, 1140 passed, and 22 were rejected as not likely to be successful teachers. In 1878 the attend- ance for the two terms was 1391, and of these 1389 passed examina- tion, oidy 2 being rejected. The object of these schools is to make further necessary provision for the training of teachers without in- curring the expense of additional normal schools, which would other- wise be unavoidable. Cost or Training Teachers. The cost attending the training of successful teachers at these County Model Schools is to the Qovemment $3.81 per head, an equal sum being voluntarily paid by tho County Councils, making a total charge to- the public of $7.62 only. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. Before Confederation. At Confederation the only public provision made for the care of the' insane in the Province of Ontario was the Lunatic Asylum at Toronto. This institution was wholly inadequate to the wants even of the popula- tion at that time. Want of Asylums. In regard to this matter, the Government Inspector, in his report for the year ending 30th September, 1877, says : " Previous to Confederation the accommodation for the treatment of insanity and the care of the insane was not onlv in some instances ex- ceedingly bad, but it was entirely inadequate to the wants of that afflicted class, necessitating their detention in private families or protracted con- finement in gaols, until, through lack of proper treatment, their insHiiK in a great many cases became chronic and incurable." (Se' 'ilupL 1878, p. 2). Increased ProTision before 1S71 An enlargement of the Toronto Asylum, ami the i ion and open- ing of a new asylum in London, were effected under the 'Imini , lation of Mr. J. S. Macdonald. The further enlargement of both tht estab- lishmeuts, the pui-chase of the Rockwood Asylum from the Dominion Government, the erection of the building used for an Asylum for the Insane at Hamilton, and the opening of the Asylum for Idiots at Orillia, 63 I the very es lor the ent of the hey ore ho the nioHt iplexes all F tho now f 1877 thft [latico was ed, and 22 he attend- examina- i to make ithout in- old other- «e County 3qual sum I charge to- tare of the Toronto. le populu- report foi atment of tances ex- it afflicted icted coii- littpc and open- ni lation • estab- ])uminion m lor the at Orillia, have been acts of the pr(>«ent Oovernment. Previous to the purchaiiA of Rockwodd, lunatics were detained there at the expense of the Govern- ment of Ontario. The Anyluni for the Deaf and Dumb in Belleville was opened in 1870, and the Blind Anylum at Biaiitford in 1872. Both were projected by the Sand field jMacdouald Oovernment, althoush the charge attending upon their maintenance had hardly begun to be felt when the change of Ministrv occurred. The Central Prison in Toronto and the Reformatory in Penetan- guishene, the last named institution having been in existence prior to onfederation, complete the liBt of what may be denominated the publio institutions of the Province. The Legislature not OoBHalted. Under the former regime the Govemmentjof the day insisted on be- ing tho sole arbiter, without reference to the Legislature, in respect of the location of all public inftitutio^ns, and their management. Change of System. Since the advent of a Reform Government to power those matters haT« been the subjects of express statutory enactments ; the Legis- lature exereisiug thus its rightful powers and authority in the pre- miaei. LUNATIC ASYLUMS. Cost of Maintenance and Treatment. The cost per patient at the several a.sylums of the Province is a^ follows :— j^The dift'eronce in the per capita coSt arises partly from the difference in numbers of patients in the respective asylums, but also from the faot that in some the patients are of a class whose friends, by supplying them with clothing, gr $186 52 average. 175 30 ) ONTARIO. . • 135 82 per head, per annum. Increase In Faying Patients. Tt is satisfactory to notice, too, a large increase in the number o^ p^ing patients ; the fact indicating, on the part of the Govefnment officers, a ('.ue anxiety to relievd the public treasury wherever it can be done without injustice. There were 334 payiug patients in the several asyluTdS in 1878, paying aa follows, accor^g to the accommodatiou desired. 153 paid from $1 tp $2 per week. 96 " 2 to 3 " 60 " 3 to 4 " i " 4 to 6 " ao " 6 to 6 " 3 ' " 6 to 7 " The receipts from paying patients have increased as follows, and in- dicft"* the efficiency and vigilance of the management : — 1871 ,... «14,045 1878 $36,103 Saving to the Public, It is doubtful whether any one of these persons could have been maintained, in security and with proper medical treatment, by htir friends for the amounts they paid for their support in the Asylums. But there were at the same time under treatment 2,212 who paid nothing', and who, it may be assumed, would have been a direct burden on the municipalities, or the charity of the people, if they had not been sheltered and treated in Provincial institutions. It can hanlly be supposed that even the miserablv imperfect treatment and in- sufficient care of a county gaol would have cost less than the very low aveiage expense per week of g^icient and curative treatment in the asylnm?;. To say notning of the restoratic to mental health and use- fulness of 167 persons, who would probably have, but for proper atten- tion, become incurably and dargerously mad, the actual saving to munidftalities, or ratepayers, at $135 per head oi the nou-payiug clasd, is $298,620. Increase In Patients. The increase in the numbeio :f patients has been as follows ; the in- creased numbers accoimting for the increased yearly cost, under the heading of maintenance, as compared with 1871 : — . . -■ Admissions Total number ^^T^' * ^ p^ryotf. under Tiwktment. Temainingfat ' ' end of .Tear. 1867 810 1020 992 1871 aft3 1663 1366 1878 547 2646 8149 1 *er heail. S83 96 259 37 253 24 233 44 52 average. per annum. B number o* Government rer it can be a the several ommodatiou 0W9, and in- 6,103 Id have been lent, by htir syluins. But >aid nothing', irden on the id not been can hardly nent and in- an the very tment in the ilth and use- )roper atten- al saving to nou-paying ows ; the in- ;, under the Number lainlng at d of .TMr. 992 1366 S149 65 DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUHON, BELLSVILLI. Adroifisions 20th Oct, 1870, to 30th Sept..l871 . ; 100 In attendance during 1€74 221 '♦ <' .1878.. ...277 Average number in attendance during 1878 225 The cost averages 9161.89, or on an average of 225 pupil?, |36,426 per annum. The paying pupils yield $782.50 per annum, leaving, in round fi^^ures, a reliel to the public amounting to |^,000 per annum. INSTITUTION FOB THE BLIND, BBANTFOBD. In attendance during part of 1871-2 r 34 " '• 1874 112 *• " 1878 ..175 Average attendance. 1878 .130 The average cost per pupil at Brantford in 1878 was $202.22. The difference in tiiis respeot between the two institutions is accounted for by the more helpless condition of Blind persons necessitating a greater amount of care and attendance. Tue smAller number of pupils is another cause of a higher average cost. The cost of mauitenance and corresponding relief to the public was, for 1878, $26,289.4'7. Comparative Cost of Deaf and Duiab Instltatlons In the States and In Ontario. The economical management of the Ontario institutions is shown by the following comparisons. At the Institution for the Blind, New York, the cost per head is $283 At the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, New York, the cost per head is 304 At the Institution for the Blind, New York, the cost per bead is 313 Ai the Institution for the Blind at Hai-tford, Conn., the cost per head is 235 While at the Belleville Institution for the Deaf and Dumb it is only 161 And at Uie Brantford Institution fot the Blind, the cost is only 202 Fur all statements relating to Public Institutions of Ontario, see the Inspector's Eeport, 1878. OENTBAL PRISON. History of the Prison. As much misapprehension has existed respecting this building, it may be as well briefly to sketch its history. Original Design of Mr. J. 8. Macdonald. The first step taken towards the establishment of a Central Prison or Prisons in Ontario was the introduction of a Bill for that purpose in 1868-9. This Bill was read a second time^ and the earlier clauses wer« ST 66 connidered and passed in Committee of the whole (see JournalSjLegislatire Assembly 1806-9), but it went no further. It provided that the Lieut.- Governor should have authority to purchase and acquire for the public use of the Province "tiro or more" suitable places * * * for the purposes of thin Act * ♦ and may cause to be erected thereon ♦ ♦ ♦ buildings to be known as Central Prisons." Other clauses provided for the grouping of counties in connection with the several prisons, and also that land mi^^ht be a<:quired for agricultural or mechanical purposes. The Bill was ITo. 88 of the Siission 1868-9, and its whole scope shows that the construction of several prisons, and not one only, was intended. In is understood that the intention was to construct three prisons, at a Qost nominally of $150,000 each. But it has been estimated by the Inspector, who was au officer of the late as he is of the present Govern- ment, that $225,000 apiece would have been the lowest cost of these establishments, or a total of $675,000. The cost of maintaining the Central Prison is about $45,000 per aunum, the expectation being ulti- mately to make it self-supporting. The cost of maintaining the smaller prisons could not have been less than C'^|000 per annum each, or a total annual charge of $105,000 instead of $45,000. Cost of Central Prison. The aggregate cost of the Central Prison includes all the machinoiy, plant, and other appliances necessary to fit it for an industrial institution, with all the needful provisions for the perfect security of the prisoners, combined with the measure of freedom incidental to their employment in mechanical and other laborious occupations. The total cost of th3 prison up to the end of 1874 was $428,8T5 How Expended. ISm original contract included little more than the shell of the ;;( principal buildings, and was for $129,321 Land and Machinery in the original appropriation of Mr. 8. McDonald 36,000 But the following expenses had to be incurred to make the prison fit for its purpose or useful for indmlrinl obie^tn ; Iron cell doors, locks, gratings, l^^l'.... !.........'..'... 21,496 Watersnpply ! 12,500 Extra foundations, levelling ^. .*..... 18,000 Gas and fixtures for shops ,. — ■ v -.y- 802 Cut Rtone jambs ttmtVmdow»« .Jt\ !.r\K :". . .'A!'.'.... . , . . 21,000 Drains not in contract '.*...:.. : 15,821 Superintendence of work ,^., ,^ 3,276 Sundry internal structiires 3,500 Jjanndry, bakery, coal sheds, closets, &c . .. 16^600 21,496 12,500 18,000 802 21,000 15,821 3,275 3,500 16,500 67 Fence, road, grading, ^e ^ $' 8|800 Bailway switch 11,000 Making altogether as absolutely necessary to complete the work under the first contract $297,216 To this sum must be added : — An additional tier of 84 cells, erected with the approval of the Legislature 27,000 Reconstruction alter damage by wind-storm in 1873 13,000 Adaptation of shops and other premises, and machinery for purposes of a car foundry... 83,678 Total cost up to the end of 1874. .$420,893 A further sum of $$56,336 has been expended in furnishings, drain- ago and other necessary items since the date above mentionecL AdTantages of the Prison. The superiority of such an establishment with its industrial and dis- ciplinary airangements over the detention of prisoners in County Qoals must be sufliciently obvious to everybody. The Industrial Department. The Industrial Department of the Central Prison has suffered in common with all other commercial enterpnses from the depression of trade. Still, although the plans have had to be altered from time to time, and contractors for labour have failed in fulfilling their agreements, it is satisfactory to learn from the Inspector's Report (p. 85) that the labour of the prisoners has represented so considerable a sum in the four years as $60,926 94, equal to $208 per prisoner, or $52 per annum. FaTOorable Comparison. This compares favourably with the proceeds of laboor at the Do- minion Penitentiary at Kingston, where the labour per head i^ the same period only realised $156 per annum, and in some former years has baiely attained that amount. How the Prisoners .u 3 Employed. The endeavour is made, as far as possible, to employ the prisoners in avocations that do not prejudicially compete with tree labour. It will be seen by the following list that a great deal of the work done is in uounection with Government Sbtablisuments. The Woric Carried On. The following is a summary of the various industrial works carried on during the yoar. as shown by the Inspector's Report, viz. :— The various domestic services of the prison. The mechanical gang for ordinary work in and about tha pria^ itself, such as carpenters'^ blacksmiths', and jobbers' woric f I ■1 « ):4 i l| 68 /./Outside gang for excavating the basement for Female Reformatory, and grading and levelling the grounds— in addition to the prisoners UBualTy employed in the prison garden and grounds. The manufacture of iron gates for the. Female Reformatory. The making up of prison suits for use in the Central Prison, as well as in the common gaols of the Province ; also the general repairing work of a tailor's shop for the prisoners. The manufacture of boots and shoes for the public institutions of the Province, and for the inmates of the pri/ion. The making of brick in the fields attached to the Central Prison premises for the Female Reformatory now being constructed. The manufacture of pails, tubs, chums, and hollow woodenware. The manufacture of corn-brooms and whisks, and hair and fibre brushes. The total expenditure for 1878 was (^0,720. "72, including officers, guards and the entire cost of maintenance, or 3Cc. 1^ mills per diem. Six hundred and thirty-six prisoners were transferred from county gaols tu the Central Prison in the course of the year. Central Prison Statistics— CommlUals and Blscliarges. In Prison on 30th Sept., 1877 361 Committals, Recaptures, etc., 1878 , 638 Total number in custody during year 999 1878. Discharged on expiration of sentence 694 Died • 6 Escaped 1 Other discharges or removals '. 39 C. 640 ^ In custody on 30th September, 1878 369 Total number of prisoners committed since 4th June, 1874. . . . .2732 Died..: ..Ji. ....: 12 Escaped 11 2373 Escapes. The escapes, with one exception — the only one in two years — mostly occurred in the earlier history of tlie prison. The one escape referred to, in 1878, took place from a gang employed in company with some free labourers outside the prison grounds. From the County Qaola there were six escapes reported last year. For the foregoing figures see lMpector^$ Report for 1878. Penetangaishene Reformatory. With regard to the Reformatory for Boys at Penetanguishene, the ' ibspecter gives the following statistics :— wm f 69 Committals and IMsckargei. Inmates received since establishment < 994 Discharged on expiration of sentence 658 Transfmed to Kmgston as incorrigible 88 l^sferred to Central Prison 82 Oonvicted and sent to Penitentiary 1 Pardoned ^ 69 Removed as insane 1 Died 8 Eloped 17 ^^ 798 In custody 30th Sept., 1878 196 Th6 number of boys in the Reformatory at the end of 1871 was 155 ; at the end of 1878 it was 196.— lutpectot't Report, 1878. Duties of the Inspector. The duties of the (Government Inspector represent a most important branch of the {uiminibtrative functions of (Government. In his report for 1878 the Inspector says : What he Inspects. They (his duties) comprise the general supervision and control, as well as \he statutory inspection of the following institutions, exclusively owned and managed by the Government of the Province, namely : — Four Asylums for the Insane, the Asylum for Idiots, the Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, the Institution for the Education of the Blind, the Central Pdson in Toronto, the Provincial Reformatory in Penetanguishene, and the Reformatory Prison for Females now being erected in Toronto — ten institutions in alL The supervisory direction of the affairs, and the inspection of thirty-seven County Qaols and five District Lock-ups ; the inspection, including the annual examination of the books and general operations, of twelve lIospitaLs, thirteen Houses of Refuge, five Magdalen Asylums, and nineteen Orphan Asylums, receiving aid from the Province under the provisions of the Charity Aid Act. Plans for New Strnctnres. Besides the general supervision and control of the maintenance and routine Of the institutions owned by the Government, the Inspector is charged with the preparation of sketch plans of all new structures and structural changes in existing buildings, upon wuich, and the recommen- dations connected therewith, the departmental plans and specifications are founded by the Architect of Public Works. He has also to give the initiatory instructions and suggestions for all new gaol structures and for alterations and additions to old ones, and must finallv approve of the plans and specifications thereof, before they can be acted upon. . lipectllcatlons. In addition, he is charged with the preparation of all speeificationa for the f urnishf ugs for new buildings, the renewals of furniture gene^lly, as well as the originacing of all extraordinary repairs to the (Government buildings r^dei his controL 70 Oontracti fbr Supplies. ' fie y furilier oliarged with the letting of all contracts for supplies Imd the ^^eneml supervisior of the purchase of goods required for the ten public institutions directly controlled by the Qovernment, as well as with the monthly audit of all the accounts incurred for their mainte- nance and of tbo statements of revenue derived from air sources. Annnal Audjts. He has also to make an aimual audit of the receipts and expenditures of all public charities aided by legislative grants, lor the purpose of determining the amount each Institution is entitled to receive under the l^ovisions of the Charity Aid Act. The Qovernment expenditures incurred in the maintenance of tboae institutions, of which an audit has to.be . lade, aggregated, during the past ofiOicial year, the sum of #520,909.70. lunacy Inquiries. The Inspector has to make inquiry into the cases of all lunatics committed to the county gaols, and to allocate their disti-ibution among the various asylums. He has also to select from the' prisoners com- mitted to the gaols throughout the Province such as are mentally and physically fit to perform hard labour, and effect their removal to the Central Prison, and has to arrange for and supervise the transfer from the gaols, of those prisoners sentenced direct to the iniititution just named. A Committee of Lunatics Estates. The Inspector has, under the provisions of law, the chaise of the estates of all lunatics committed to the asylums of the Province, who have no Committees appointed by the* Court of Chancery, and is em- powered to deal with such estates, subject to the revision and approval of the Attorney-General, in the same manner as a committee duly nomi- nated by the said Court. Since the passing of this law, the estates of 74 lunatics have been administered to, and upwards of $30,000 have been collected for the maintenance of such lunatics, and paid into the Treasury of the Province. He Frames By-Laws. He has to frame the by-laws and regulations for governing the dis- cipline, management and general economy of all the public institutions directly controlled by the Government, and for defining the duties of all officers and employSs in the institutions' service, and he has to examine into and approve of all by-laws framed for the good government of public charities. He Acts as Commissioner. "' He has, in addition, to perform judicial duty as a Commissioner, libder the provisions of Section 8 of Chapter 224 of the Kcvised Statutes of Ontario, which empower him to take evidence under oath and to generally inquire into all charges preferred against oflicers and employes ofthe institutions placed under his supervision and inspection, including county gaols, or into alleged irregularities in the conduct of their 71 mppUes L for tKe I well as mainte- i. nditures irpose of nuer the jiiditurea in audit a sum of lunatics n among lera com- itoUy and Ell to the isfer from ition ju3t rge of the nee, who id is em- )proval of y nomi- jstates of 000 have into the the dia- stitutiona ties of all examine iment of lissioner, Statutes kh and to employes lincluding of their affairs, and report the same for the action of the Government Since these powers were conferred, close upon one hundred investigations have been conducted by the Inspector, some of which were protracted for derlcAl Work of Department. The clerical work of the department for the past year was repre- sented by the reception of 7,341 letters, and the transmisfiion of 7,689 letters, reports, recommendations, etc., exclusive of inspection minutes and instructions recorded in the jtfooks of the various institutions at the time of the inspection thereof. In addition, the work of preparing the Inspector's Annual Report, which has increased from a volume of 48 pages to one of nearly 400, is a tauk req^uiring a great deal of care and time. Cost of the Office. The whole of the official duty, thus briefly summarized, is performed by a sta£r, comprising an inspector, a secretary, who is also a snort-hand writer, a chief clerk, who acts as accountant, an ordinary clerk and a messeng r, and at an annual cost to the Province for salaries, travelling expenses, office contingencies, and all other charges, of only f7i350. It may safely be alleged that, in no other "country in the world is so large an amount of work of this description performed at so trifling a coat. i.^^ CorrespondeBce, In this, as in every other department, the work has increaai^ enor- mously. See the following :— Number of flies made In . Inspeotor'a Office. 1871 486 1878 2,308 Besides the mass of other business above referred to. Letten. 1,468 6,908 THE AQEIOULTUBAL OOLLEOE AND MODEL _ FARIL THE PRESIDENTS REPORT. A narrative of the progress so far of this valuable institution is to be foimd in the report of the Principal, Professor Johnston, laid before the Legislature by Mr. Treasurer Wood, at its late Session. Mr. John- son sums up the results as follows : ^. ^ What hiis been Done. It will be asked what has been done during this preparatory term of five years, and has the measure of success attendant upon the efforts already put forth been such as to warrant the legislature in for ever establishing the institution upon a permanent basis, and if the place be not endowed, thereby adding to the necessary annual expenditure of the Province the sum of twenty thousand dollars. We are cow at the end of the fourth and entering upon the filth and last year of this^ prepara- tory stage, and our experience enables us to answer the queeticA tnith- fully in the affirmative. % Object! or the toiiefe una Fftrn. 'T When eaUbllshed, it was uprewly stated that the objects of out exUtence yrera " the training of young men in the theory and practice ol improved hu8ba^dry," an^, **oon4uotiag experiments tending to the ■olution of (question* of material interest to the agriculturists of the Province." How to Aeeompllsii them. In order to accomplish these objects, the present farm Was to be made suitable for the purposes indicated during the preparatory stage by the labour of students who were to be organized during that time into a school. Let us glance at what that implied. In order to make the farm a model and experimental farm, a large amount of wet, uncul- tivated pasture land, covered olten with underbru^ and logs, had to be broken up ; a large portion of the farm required to be drained ere it could be workeil ; the part. already cultivated had to be cleaned ot weeds ; the whole of the fields needed to be remodelled, re-fenced, put into right shape, and all placed under delinite rotation : all the fann buildings had to be improved^ and many now ones, consequent upon our peculiar necessities, had to be erected ; a complete horticultural depart- ment, with orchards, lawns and gardens, was to sep irate, lay out and plant ; the college buildings were to plan and be auded to the old farm house ; and the college itself^ in all the departments of instruction, was to be thoroughly organized. Such is a brief sketch of the work tu be done in this preparatory term. (?* . ^ What has been Accomplished tn Fonr Tears. Four-fifths of the time has passed, and more than four-liftha of this work has no' been accomplished. During those four yeara, one hun- dred and sixt^ acres of uncultivated pasture land has been reclaimed or brought under the plough ; one hundred and thirty have been cleaned ; over two hundred and eighty have been laid nearly eleven thousand rods of drains, until few wet<^ spots exist ; a plan of the farm has been drawn mp, and the fields, remodelled according to it, have assumed a regular rectangular shape ; fifteen huudied and twenty rods of various kinds of fencing have been built to accomplish the readjustment ; many improvements and alterations have been made on the outbuildings to suit them for our peculiar purposes, and by those improvemeuts they have been made more convenient of access, economical for feeding, and suitable for general use ; whilst of the buildings necessary there have been erected a carpentei-'s shop, an experimental barn, a gardener's shop, green-houses, and forcing houses, a poultry house and pig pens ; the thirty acres in front have been laid out and put into orclianAs, lawn, gardens, and shrubberies ; through them drives and walks h ive been out, graded, and gravelled ; shade and experimental tbrest trees have been planted, and the foundation of a complete horticultural depart- ment well and thoroughly laid ; forty acres have been cleantid and laid aside as an experimental farm, and seventeen of them already used for the purpose, besides six cut up into some forty plots ; the old farni house has gradually assumed the outline of a college building, for on it has been placed a maiisa^d roof, an4 to its north aide has baeu addetl two wings, 'fifty-three by forW-two, and fifty by forty respectively ; and to the south sideone wing luty by forty ; so that it only requi ra* oue additional wing to that aide to make the whole a fine range ol college buildinj wiilth, twenty reading- On ments usual ce| has pro^ lesson f(| from SI pigs. 7S buildings, two hundred and forty feet in length and forty-two Jeet in wkith, capable of accommodating within its walli* one iiundred aud twenty resident pupils, bes^idiis the necessary class-rooms, sitting-rooms, reading-rooms, library and museum. What has been Produced . On this farm, during the four years, not only have the improve- ments sketched been accomplished, but there have been grown the usual cereals, grasses, and roots, and those so cultivated that the land has proved a profitable investment, and at the same time an invaluable lesson for students. In the yards we have been gradually breeding from small beginnings into six breeds of cattle, live of sheep, three of pigs, and two uf poultry ; until now our fliMsks are acknowledged to be amongst the best in the Province, and our herds are obtaining cou- siderdble proportions, and, in the upiuions of the best judges, com- mendable excellency. In the orchard and gardens, the lawn and shrubberies, there have been planted, or annually sown or grwwn, for the purposes of use, beauty or instruction, some seventy-six varieties of standard and forty-two of small iruits, sixty-four of shrubs*, eighty of plants and flowers, and twenty-four of vegetables, while at the same time the varied methods of cultivation have been acquired with con- sDant practice by all our students. On our experimental fields and plots we hare earned on, during the last threii} years, some three hun- dred and sixty distinct experiments with varieties of fall wheat and spring wheat ; of barlev and oats ; of peas aud com ; of Ki'asses and clovers ; of potatoes and carrots ; of mangolds and turnips ; of different modes of cultivation and different manures ; of various kinds of fodder and different breeds of cattle, uheep and pigs. And in all those departments of work, the practical instruction of the pupils has been going on. What has been Tacght. And this leads naturally to the last remark, that in the college build- . ings mentioned there has constantly, during these four years, been a full quota of students, and the course of study pursued by them has been completely drawn up, and the intellectual work founded thereon thoroughlv organized. Around the subject of agriculture has been grouped tne various sciences which treat oi the plant, the soil, and the atiimal ; all that explains the structure and diseases of the latter ; a.d all the practical studies that will be required to be appli-^d by the stu- dents in performing their own business, or sustaining their varied rela- tions as citizens in the general community. And in order to carry out that course of study a staff has been appointed, thoroughly arranged, and the duties of each metnber of the body clearly defined. The lacili- ties at hand for successful teaching are not what they ought to be, but their number is constantly increasing. The library and reading-room, the laboratory and dissecting-room, the class rooms and museum aro being gradually tilled with books and periodicals, furniture and ap- pliances, implements and apparatus, grains aud gras.ses, insects aud plauts, fossils and minerals ; whilst the farm itself, with its six breeds of cattle, five of sheep, three of pigs, and tea of poultry, its latest im- plements, iind its varied departments, all iurnish a series of appliances which, in the hands of able and conscientious masters, are capable of being used with effect in the intellectual development of any uuml)er ot f 74 m students in the general and technicar knowledge and skill requisite for succeiM iu their chosen profesf^ion. Who h;iTC been Tnogtit. And the number of students is constantly increa<4ing. In our first veur it was thirty-one ; this year it was one hundred and furtysiz. During those years the names of two hundred and fuity -seven students have been entered upon our roll. Of that number one hundred and sixty-three have left us after remaining a shorter or longer time, and of that number one hundred and twenty-one are kuown to be following a,i»riculture, horticulture or the veterinary profepsion, besides others of whom we have no trace who may be doing so as well. Those results speak for themselves, and warrant the assertion, that from whatever direc- tion the matter is considered, and under whatever depurtments of progress we may be examined, the work laid down for the preparatory stage of our exii^tence has so far been well and faithfully done. And this is being acknowleged on all hands, and by none more heartily than by the class of the community who will, if we are successful, be the first to feel the beuetit of our foundation. During the present mouth the only organized body of that class known in the Province passed resolutions expressing their gratification at our establishment and progress. Cost of Attendance. The tuition imparted at the college is free. Board and washing are charged at actual cost, which averages about $2.45 per week. But as an otfnet to this, students cim earn, if diligent and attentive, tea ceiitaper hour while employed. The expense, therefore, to a young man attending tiie college need not exceed some $30 per annum. Farmers' sons who cannot conveniently be absent fiom home iu the summer months can take a winter course, from the 1st October to the 31st March, at a cost ot from $25 to $40. Annual Cost. The annual charge of the college is about $20,000. Agricultural Education In Europe and the United States. So important is a system of Agricultural training considered in the United States, that in 1862 Congress passed an Act, making special grants of lands to States and Territories ; ** that mzy provide Colleges for the benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts." Almost every State has taken advantage of this measure. There are altogether 39 Agricultural Coliegsa in the States. The total number of Professors and Assistants in these Agricultural Colleges was in 1876, 473 with 4,211 students. There are six Agricultural Colleges in the German Empire, besides a very large number of Schools in which Agriculture is taught. Only four European countries are now without similar in- stitutions. SCHOOL OF PRAOTIOAL SCIENCE. The School of Practical Science at Toronto was opened on the 3rd October, 1878. It took the place of the College of Technology, an in- stitution proposed by the Sandfield Macdonald Government, and for the purposes of which that Government purchased the building of the Toronto Meohanics' Institute. This purcnase, and the outlay involved 75 ^uisite for our first forty-six. n Htuilenta id red and lie, and of following des others ose results ,fver direc- of progress (tageofour U is being >y the class to feel the y organized expressing ivashing are But as an leu. cents per n attending >' sons who lunths can ;h, at a cost [states. lered in the ing special de Colleges .moat every [together 39 Rrofeasors , 473 with le German .gricuUure similar in- was objected to by Mr. Blake, who w w then loider of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature, chi^'ily becHiise no hill for thu orgaiiizatiDn und regulation of the proposed college has been submitted to the H<>use, Hud because it was deiirable to utilize a% tar a-t poHsibie for the new Institution, the apoliances and professors* aire uly provided at the public expense in the Provincial University, (/S'e« Jonmala 1870-1, p. 199). When Mr. Blake oaroe into oHioe the whole subject was if oontidered ; and in 1S77, the Legislative Assembly, by Heiiolu- tion, sanctioned proposals contained in a niemorHndiiui of the A in- ister of Education, dated the 30th day of January, 1877, and aiprnved by the Lieutenant-Qovernor in t ouml on the 3rd day of Kelr.iary, 1S77. for the permanent est iblishment of the School. These pro- posals were, in e£Pect, that the Government, instead ot appointing and paying a distinctive professional staff for giving the sjieuiul instruuiinii which the former College of Technology was founded to afford, bhuuld utilize the teaching power of University College, which already ex- isted for the like objects in four departments, and cmiid be uiude applioable to the wants of this Science School ; and in addition rhertrto should appoint a Professor of Engineering and auoh Assistants in the severttl departments as might be required in supp omenting the work of the College Professors. The building purchased for the tormer College of Technology was unsuitable in its 8tr..cture, and could not utford the laboratory and other accommodation required for instruction of this special nature and, indeed did not possess the lequiaiie appliances or apparatus. It became necessary, tMerefore, that a new budding should be erected upon a site in proximity to the Proviuoial University. By this plan, it was considered that an economic d mode could be adopted of establishing an institution which wliile unequal to the larger and more expensive ones of Europe and tue United States of America in the technical training of its students, would be able, nevertheless to supply a want in otir Educational sjystt-m and afford a thoroughly practical education in physical science with a direct bearing on the professions or occupations which stui tenia might wish to follow.It would thus in fact become a iSchovl J Pruct,cal Science, and as sifch would secure beneKta commensurate with the moderate expenditure for its establishment and maintenance. Thu objects taught are Engineering, surveying. Assaying and Mining Geology, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Natural l-'hilosopliy. Mathematics, and some of the more purely scientitic brancues of medical study. The building first purchased hm been re-soid to its original owners, and the money applied in the new building. i^it Ion the 3rd >gy, an in- Lnt, and for [ding of the W involved l!l .11 \ »' PART III. SEVEN YEARS' SUCCESSFUL MAIGI^L IHAMGEIHOT. A SPLENDID RECORD. Few countries can exhibi'> so satisfactory a financial condition aa the Province of Ontario at the close of the seventh year of a Liberal ^dmiaistratiun. It3 revenue has been more than ample for all pur- pos3a ; not one object legitimately claiming the encouragement of the Government has gone unaided ; a wise liberality haa dictated the man- agement oi the public funds ; and after providing for all obligations, a handsome surplus remains in the treasunr. The policy ot the Sandlield Maodonald Government during its term of ottice had beau to kjep down the expenditure to as low a point as posaiuie, with a view to accumulate a surplus. The Administrations of Mr. Blake and Mr. Mowat reuoguizad that they were the custodians of the people's money ; that the proper expenditure of those moneys in accordance with the wishes and requirements of the people was one of tliti moiC important and responsible duties they had to perform, and that the iico amulation of a surplus should bo subsidiary to the advance- ment of education, agriculture, arts and sciences, assistance to hospit- als and charities, proper provision for the insane and idiotic, the oeaf and dumb and the blind, the opening up of our back country, and the developing of tbe wealth of our country generally. Their financial record shows how fully they have acted up to these liberal principles. The tables " A" and "B" appended, show the total revenue and expenditure respectively of the Province from the 1st July, 1867, to the 3l8t December, 1878 :— Kevcnue from 1867 to 1878. -- 1867 (6 months) $ 339,700 62 1868 2,366,810 63 1669 2,697,348 96 1870 2,500,696 70 1871 2,333,179 62 1872 3,060,747 97 EST. condition as of u Liberal for all pur- iiuent of tbt) od the man- obligations, ing its term V a point as linistrations custodians le moneys in was one of irforiu, and he advance- >e to hoapit- tic, tlio deaf try, and the air financial 1 principles, e venue and ily, 1867, to ,700 53 ,810 63 ,348 95 696 70 ,179 62 ,747 97 77 1873 •2,961,515 31 1874 3,416,347 03 1876 3, 156.606 81 1876 2,689.222 83 1877 3,227,699 37 1878 2,308,926 66 Total Revenue $30,988,800 30 EipfindUiire fVoin 186T to 1878. 1867 (6 monthB) • 674,440 93 1868 1,1{)».0:^0 "• 1869 1,488.291 86 1870 1,580,663 21 1871 1,816,866 78 1872 2,220,742 67 1H73 2,940,803 45 1874 8,871,492 82 1876 8,604,524 42 1876 3,140,627 65 1877 3,112,904 14 1878 , 2,902,383 37 Total Expenditure $38,452,777 10 RecapltoUtloo. July l8t, 1867.) to > Agsrregate Revenue $30,988,800 30 Deo. 31st, 1878. \ " July 1st, 1867,) to > Aggregate Expenditure 28,462,777 10 Deo. 31st, 1878. ) Excess of Aggregate Revenue over Aggregate Expendi- ture $2,636,038 00 As shown by the note appended to Table A, the sura of $335,604 was received in the years 1867-8-9 by the Dominion Government, and still forms an item in an open account between the two Govern- ments. This fact, and a slight variation between the face value and actual price of securities repre- senting investments, accounts for any difference between the balance here shown, and the statement of the Treasurer at page 80. But of the expenditure, it will be perceived, a oomparatively small portion has gone to defray the cost of Government. Expenditure Classified. The table ** B," which is compiled and certified by the Official Auditor, divides the expenditure under three heads, namely : What are called Ordinary Expenditure, Controllable Expenditure, and Sur- plus Distribution or Investments. A further analysis will show that in addition to the liberal distribution of the public funds for the great I ■^ IP A k m 78 objects recapitnlatdd under the head of " Stirphis Distribution," Ac, a very large part, Hot only of that classed as Controllable Expendi- ture, but also of that denominated Ordinary Expenditure, has gone directly to relieve local burdens, or to promote the social happiness, intellectual improvement, and material prosperity of the people. The following statement, referred to by Mr. Treasurer Wood in the course of his Lite Buv^get Speech, shows this most conclusively so far as re- lates to the oeven years ending December 31, 1878. THE PEOPLE'S MONEY REPAID TO THF. PEOPLE. Amounts DUtributid directly auc2 indirectly to the people of Ontario sine* 1871. Edumt'ifm — Common, Separate, and Poor Schools, High Schools and Collegiate Institutes Libraries, Maps, Prizes, etc ^$2,764,394 03 Superanmiated Teachers, etc Refunds Adnvinistratiim of Jitstiee — Orirnnal JusHoe in Counties " " . Districts Officers in County Courts, etc Public I ikftitHtiorut — MainteHayuie — Asvlums for Insane; the Institutions for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind ; Central Prison and Eeforma- tory ; Schools of Agriculture and of Practical Science 2,375 364 80 Hosintuls and Charities 380,805 90 Agriculture and Arts 636,924 69 luimi^'ration 669,071 7fi Public Works and Building* 2,179,576 52 Od^mization Roads %4,867 42 1,175,342 22 82,530 81 147,263 2o 2,279,024 34 County Gaols OroT/n Lands Refunds Railway Aid Fund Subsidy Fund " Land ** " Aid " (39 Vio.,' cap. 22^ Municipalities Fund 471,666 Lp.r.d Improvement Fund.... 161,498 Surplus Distribution Fund 3,226,378 . .Miscellaneous- - Claims, Baldwin, Montgomery Aid to Rifle Association Ai'l to Exhibitions — Philadelphia, Sydney and Paris Loanii — Drainage Fund ) Debentures Fund .. J << 25 68 64 37,478 16 419,503 90 !R17560.570 26 •—Budget Speech^ p. 46. iSfc 79 "^ ion," Ac, I Expendi- has gone happiness, )ple. The the course far as re- EOPLE 0/ Ontario 64,394 03 175,342 22 J75 364 80 J80,8O5 90 >36,924 69 )69,071 7R .79,576 52 ^64,867 42 82,530 81 47,263 25 579,024 34 71,685 25 51,498 68 {25,378 64 37,478 16 19,593 90 TsToTe The fore^inff statement does not inoliide the following itemi connected with Education, namely : Inspection of Public High Schools ; Central Committee of Examiners and Training of Teachers ; Council of Public Instruction ; Normal and Model Schools, Toronto and Ottawa ; Museum and Library ; Journal of Education ; Salaries and Contingencies of Education Office and Depository, < r Print- ing Branch. Or the following, connected with Administration of Justice, namely : Pay and Contingencies of Courts of Chancery, Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, Appeal, Practice, and Surrogate ; Pay of Clerkp of Assize ; Special »Service8 in connection with Criminal Justice ; Law Reform Commission ; Provincial Police ; Seals and Contingencies, Registra- tion Books, Miscellaneous ; Shorthand Reporters in Courts ; Light and Fuel, Osgoode Hall. SoTeD Tears' Expcndttare. The aggregate expenditure for the past seven years has been $21,703,483 42. The figures will then stand as follows : Aggregate Expenditure 1872 to 1878, inclusive $21,793,483 42 Deduct as per Treasurer's Statement 17,500,570 26 Lejiving for actual Qovemmental expenditure (includ- ing many such items as those above named) since July 1st, J872 4,232,913 16 Or an average per annum of 604,702 00 Taking the future annual revenue at an average of 82,500,0(X), it will be seen that after providing for Govemraental expenditure and some other items, there is still a sum of nearly $1,900,000 per annum which has hitherto been and will continue to be available : — 1. To provide for useful and necessary objects consequent rm growth of population and settlement ; or 2. To apply in reduction of what otherwise must h« borne by direct taxation. A Liberal Polky. Having funds at their disposal, it has been the policy of the present Government to apply them in relief of direct local taxation, and thus to enable the people to pay with greater ease those other demands which still remain to be satisfied from that source. As the account stands, therefore, at the end of seven years, the expenditure has been as fol- lows : Cost of Government, per annum $ 604,702 Returned into the pockets of the People, per anotun 2,508,653 or, at & per capita ratio, the proportions wouM be as followi, taking the census of 1871 as the basis of the calculation : Cost of Government, per head, annually $0 37 Returned to the People, per head, annually 1 54| A Large Surplus. But this large and mo«t beneficial distribution of the public money his not by any means exhausted the Treasury. At the end of 1871, when the change of government occurred, the account of assets and liabilities c^ the Province stood as follows : t 80 / Af^ETS.— DECEMBER 31, 1871. Inveotments and Special Deposits 83,637,079 32 Cash Balance 172,985 84 Special Trijst Funds with Dominion of Caiiada 2,786,418 63 Ontario's Share in Library at Ottawa in 18ti7 106,641 00 Total (exclusive of any suras due to the Crown Lands Department) $6,702,924 79 LIABILITIES. Slims ascertained to be due to Province of Quebec under the Award (about) 8 1 38,696 Railway Aid Fund, as provided by 34 Vic. c. 2 1,600,000 $1,638,696 00 Net Surplus unappropriated $5,064,228 79 That the sum of $1,500,000 wn a distinct charge upon the funds of the Province will Ijc seen at once from the very explicit language of the Act in question The first section reads as follows : For the purposes aforesaid, the sum of one million, five hundred thousand dollars SHALL BE SET A "ART from, and out nf the Con- folulaiecl lievenue Fund of this Prov^inoe, and form a fund to be desitf- natoJ and known as the " Hn,ilway Fund.' The auui of §1,500,000 is therefore charged at^ain."> thg surplas of Dec. Slst. 1871, on the same principle tiia*- the ...itjcanding obligations against the Kaihvay Fund are charged in ti»e account of liabilities due on the 3l8t Dec, 1878. The !>r,atemeat of assets and liabilities presented to the Legidlft- ture at its late session by Mr. Treasurer Wood was as follows : ASSETS.-DEC 31, 1878- I Tnvestments- Dominiufi 6 per cents in Stock -nd Bond $ 86'1,000 00 Dominion 5 per cent. Debenture. (£250,- 0<)(\ or at par value 1,217,153 33 Market value over par ! value 111,857 66; _ 1$2,17<>,010 99 Drainage — 5 per cent. i Deb'tures. Amouni | invested IJlst Dec, 1878 $ 195,503 37 Drainage — Municipal Rent Charges f 00 $553,540 82 $312,769 04 l,472,3»l 41 2. — Special or Trust Fund with Dominion of Canada — Upper Canada Grammar School Fund, established 2nd Victoria, cap. 10, and 250, (K)0 acres of land allotted to it. (This Fund is bearing in terest at 5 per cent. ) Upper Canada Building Fund (under 18th Section, Act 1854), Seignorial Tenure set apart for local purjioses in Upper Canada. (A large portion of this fund should bear interest at 6 per cent. , but we have received only 5 per cent.) ; Ti»»Tid Improvement Fund, being one- lourth of the collections on account of Couimon School Lands sold be tween the 14th day of March, 1853, and the t>th day of June, 1861, as peraward 124,685 18 Common School Fund (see Consolid- ated Statutes, cap. 26, 1,000,000 acres set apart), proceeds realized to 1st July, 1867, after deducting Land Improvement Fund, $1,520,- 059.24 — portion belonging to On- tario, as per population of 1871. (This Fund is bearing interest at 5 per cent) $2,732,551 81 i; 876,573 00 8. — Value of Library payable to Ontario by Duniinion as per award 4. — Balance due on account of Municipal Loan Fuad Debts, 31 Vic, cap. 47. , 5. — Balance due from Toronto Mechanics'' Institute ' 6.— -Balance due un account of sale of lots! at Mimico I 7. — Due from Credit Valley Railway Co. I for lands sold for railway purposes,' as per award of Provincial Arbitrators 8. — Cash balance in Banks Total, (exclusive uf any sums due to Crown Lands Department, &c.) , 2,786,418 63 105,541 00 144,135 43 19,000 00 6,i0^ 00 9,012 50 39,784 57 1 95,842,748 94 m tm 82 LIABILITIES.- DEO. 81, 1878. Railway Aid Fw\d. Amount of grant Lost amount paid to Slnfc December, 1878 Railway Subsidy Fund. Amount of Annual Appropnatione ; seven years to 3l8t December, 1878 Less amount paid SLst December, 1878. . Railway Orants, under Stat. 39th Yio., cap. 22 Surplus Disti'ibution to Munidpalitiea. Amount ; Less amount paid on account of principal Qtubec's Share of Common. School Fund {made up as follows) : Collections ou account of lands sold be twreen the 14th June, 1&53, and 6th March, 1861 Less 6 per cent, cost of man- agement f40,430 06 i for Land Improvem't Fund 166,968 60 Collections on account of land sold since 6th Mar. , 1861 262,676 39 Less 6 per cent, cost of man- agement 15,760 52 Quebec's proportion, according to the population of 1871 Land Improvement Fund. Due Municipalities for collections on lands sold between the 14th day of June, 1853, and 6th day of March, 1861, at per award Total, 91,900,000 00 1,499,837 66 $700,000 00 565,403 28 $3,116,733 66 2,964,622 72 $673,834 42 206,388 66 $467,446 76 246,914 67 $714,360 63 $400,162 36 134,696 72 298,648 00 161,110 302,652 68 184,686 18 $1,411,765 87 Ai Li or an 'sm^ 83 Becapltalatlon. Assets. ..; .....1 .«5,842,748 94 Liabilities and appropriations 1,411,756 87 SURPLUS, 1878 $4,480,098~07 or only $633,235 less than the aurplua of Deoember 31st, 1871, after an e.cpenditurey as against surplus, of $ d>226,378 Surplus Distribution to Muuioipalities ; 2,279,024 Grants to Rai'-yays, and 12,066,167 Towards local objects of a useful and necessary ohar* aoter ; every outstanding liability being also provided for. , An Absurd Quibble. It is somotimos very absurdly alleged that the as.^ets held by the Dominion should not be regarded as part of the Ontario Surplus, and that they were not accounted as such by the Sandfield Macdunald Gov- ernment. But this is contradicted at once by a rei'ereuce to the speeches of the Hon. E, B. Wood, whoii Troasurerof the Macdonald Adminis- tration. On the 7th February, 1871, Treasurer E. B. Wood spoke as follows : — They had 31^,^00,000 ready cash now lyini^ in the Treasury. * * THEY HAD IN TRUST FUNDS OVER THREE MILLION DOL- LARS, making ^7,000,000 lying in the Treasury, by means whereof, with the aid of Providence and by a judicious oxp'juditure, to make this Province — as it ought to be — one of the greatest countries in the Dominion, and a rival to the great Republic lying to the South. * ♦ * * . * The SIX MILLIONS they had now in the Treasury waa owinj;} to this Province having got its rights at last ; and now thay had thin surplus, let them expend it so that it would leave behind a mouuuteut worthy the tirst years of this growing uud prosperous Pix>vinco. Current Kevcuue and Expenditure. The table marked " C" appended, gives for the year 187*2 to 1878, inclusive, the not Revenue of the Province as distinguished Trom re- ceipts of an exceptional nature, such us advances, repayments, drainage debentures, c^c. Also the current expenditure under the Supply Bill, as distinguished from Special Statutory Grants, such as Railway Aid, Surplus Distribution, Sec. It will be seen that during this period of seven year:« this current expenditunt has been 8io, 041,584 42, and the net revenue i$19,8GG,062 58, leaving a cash surplus of $4,224,478. The net Rerentie has, notvithatanding the large temporary falling off under the head of Crown Landa, incidental to the depreaaed atate of the lumber trade and other cauaea, averaged in the seven yeara $2.888,008. and the current expenditure $2.284.512. leaving an average annual balance of $608,496. MaaiMMawM^BBMnMii^ a which has gone towards relieving the aggregate surplus of 1871 from the Sarplua Distributiou payments and Hiilway paymeatd which were originally chargeable against and designud to be paid out of the sur- plus then accumulated. '' ii I! PART IV. CHARGES AND CRITICISMS ANSWERED. For ft long period subsequent to the General Election of 1875, criticisms of political opponents upon thd acts or policy of the Gov- ernment of Ontario were very few indeed. OH/IRQBS OF EXT&AVAGANOE. The charge which is now urged for the purpose of the coming election is, that the Government is extravagant ; that tho I'lpenditure has alarmingly increased, and — astounding statement — tlh-^t, the expendi- ture has exceeded the income every year for some yoEtn past. Many of the causes of increase, where increp e has occurred ; the nature of those increases ; the objects for which the money um been expended, and the present financial position of the Province, are referred to i{> pre' vious pages. The true state of the case will therefore be shown here so far as possible in a condensed and abbreviated form. ALLEGED ANNUAL DEFIOITg. Attempts to Misleftd. It is sought to mislead the public and excite alarm for the financial position of the Province, and to conjure up a vision of direct taxation in the near future, by alleging that, for the past four years, the expen- diture has exceeded the Revenue. - DUhoneHt Practices. This is done not only by including in the Expenditure the Surplus Distribution and Railway grants, but even investments in ^curities as good as any in the Dominion, namely. Municipal Drainage Debentures, tho nature of which has already been explained elsewhere. This last trick should discredit any man's opinion or testimony who insulted public intelligence by resorting to it. The receipts and expenditure of the past five years, — 1874-8 inclusive, — have been specially manipu- lated for the purpose of deceiving the electors. But the whole charge is easily disposed of as a simple creation of partisan malice and dis- honesty. Revenue— 1874-8. The actual revenue for the past five years, 1874-8 inclusive, has been at follows : — nn ','1 if- 86 1874 .....:. :r./.T. $3,446,348"^'^ •-^"^ 1876 '....': .V... *..... 3,156,605 1876 2,589,222 1877.... 2,60^,566 1878 2,283,201 $13,970,942 Set Tabu " A," appetkdeiL BxpendUare-18U-8. The expenditure for the same period under the authority of the Supply Bill as voted by the Legis- lature, and distinguished in the Table m " Ordi- nary " and " Controllable, " has been as follows : — 1874 ^,342,339 1876. 2,063,550 1876 2,155,185 1877 .* 2,363,806 1878 2,408,534 11,333,414 Surplus of Revenue over this Expenditure in five years... 9^,646,528 See Table '• B," appttukd. Surplus Accumulations. On the first January, 1874, the Surplus Funds of the Province (ex- clusive of Special Funds held in trust by the Dominion, and Ontario's share in the Ottawa Library), amounted to $4,726,431, less $199,126 due by Ontario to the Province of Quebec, on collections from sales of school lands, making the actual balance in hand in cash or convertible securities, $4,527,;J04.97. If this be atided to the surpluses remaining after providing for the cuxrent expenditure of each subsequent year as voted by Parliament, and amounting as above shown to $2,646,551, we have the following result : Surplus in money and convertible securities (and exclusive of special funds), Jan. 1, 1874 $4,527,304 Surpluses accrued from Jan. 1, 1879, in excess of current expenditure... $2,646,528 Less a further sum due to Quebec of 103,526 2,643,002 Total $7,070,306 In the five years ending Jan. 1, 1879, the following sums have been expended in Surplus Distribution, or objects not included in current expenditure : Aid to Railways under special Acta of the Legislature.. $1,479,596 34 Municipal Loan Fund Distribution 3,226,378 64 Purchase of Rookwood Asylum , ..,,-. 96,500 00 Common Gaol alterations— paid to municipalities 67,830 00 Schuol of Practical Science (special account) 33,267 70 nr ,596 34 ,378 64 ;,600 00 ,830 (X) ,267 70 OmoodeHall • S4,860 76 B«{ttnd«— Br»w«n' LiMiuM (under deuiaiou of Sapntu* Court) 6,442 96 94,dS2,876 29 After this rwy large expenditure on tpeoial objeotn, the account will «till stand as follows : — Aocrued cash surplus, Jan. 1, 1879 $7,070,329 Bxpenditui-e in Kailway Aid, Surplus Distribution and spooiai objects 4,982,876 CASH surplus still remaining on five years' operations. 112,137 .453 Or only half a million less than un the 1st Jan., 1874, after making the large $peeial paymentd above stated. HOW THEN CAN ANY MAN IN HIS SENSES PRETEND TO SAY THE CUKRENT EXPENDITURE HAS EXCEEDED THE CUKKENT REVENUE OF THE PASl' FIVE YEARS? The expenditure for drainage is omitted from the foref ';ing calcida- tion, as it is neither more nor iesa than a repayable investment, bearing interest at 6 per cent. No ODe will dispute that the Railway Aid Funds were intended from the first to be a charge on the surplus. If any doubt on that point were expressed, the language of the originator of the Railway Fund, Mr. J . Sandfieid Maodoaaid, would sat the matter at rest once and for ever. Mr. S»ndfleld Macdonald's Tiew on the Sarplot. On the 7th February, 1871, in the debate in the Assembly, Mr. Sand- field Maodouald said_ ; *' For the first time in the history of this couutry the House had to deal with a surplus which had accumulated in the Treasury ot Ontario. * * The position on the whole was an anomalous one, and ^he iQg]^ j-,f distrihutiny the surplus was a formidable one. * * ♦ The Qovernmeuc had been blamed for not disposing of this surplus before, but they liad felt that it would be very hazardous to anticipate in advance the ascertainment ( . the liability whieh this Pro- vince would be exposed to as respected tUe duputable sum of the public debt as assumed by the Dominion Qovernraent. * * * The Qovernmeut had ascertained that its proportion of that debt was not so large as to justify the withholding of that portion of the surplus which has to be devoted to the development of the resources of the Pro- vince, commercial and agricultural. There being such a surplus on hand, the House would be recreant to its duty if it did not provide means for opening up the country. It had been urged that a portion of the surplus ought to be appropriated to purposes other than those proposed. Tnere were, no doubt, a number of other things which were worthy of con- sideration. * * * As to the other ouestions which hoiL members, in the interests of theii' constituencies, haa brought under the attention of the House, while he admired their zeal, they must not hope that the Qov- ■w 88 ernment would b« in a pnaition thii year to rleil with tliMQ othar matters. Til* leelinx of alarm, which would be justitiablo if it was pruposoil to devot« th« whole of the surplus to aiding railways, had no real ground, since it was proponed only to dual with a ])ortion nf the flurpUis, and Htill leave ample lueau!) wherewitli to treat tlieae oth,'ency. * * *I MKAN TO DIVIDE ALL I CAN THIS YEAtt, BUT I DO NOT KNOW WITH SUFFICIENT ACCURACY WHAT OUU PUBLIC DEBT IS TO APPLY IT ALL."' This not only proves that the Riiihvay Fund was to be a direct appropriation from the surplus, but it shows that a further distribu- tion was distinctly contemplated as a further charge against surplus. The Surplus Dirttiibution is a part of the policy inaugurated by Mr. Sandfield Macdonald in 1871, when he introduced a bill to " get apart " $1,600,000 " out 0/ t/ie GcuMolidated Revenue Fttmr' of the Province for Railway purposes. This policy has had the unqualified approval o^ the public of both parties ; and to attack it to-day, not on the ground that the money has beeii improperly ajipUed, but by asserting that it has created a deficit or aeries of deficits as against the annual Revenue, is a despicable fraud, and nothing else. Expenditure of 1868-71 ana 1872-78 Compared. Concurrently with this immoral proceeding of unscrupulous parti- sans is the promulgation of the idea that the current expenditure of the past seven years has been needlessly in excess of that of Mr. J- Sandfield Macdonald. No account is taken of the increase in Mr* Macdonald's own short four years of office. If the question is to be decided by a mere refereuoe to aggregate expenditure the facts are as follows '. — MR. SANDFIELD MAODONALD'S EXPENDITURE. 1808. imO. 1870, 1871. $1,199,030 $1,488,291 $1,580,663 $1,81(5,836 Excess of 1871 over 1808— $617,836, or 51^ per cent, in four years. EXPENDITURE OF THE BLAKE AND MOWAT ADMINISTRATIONS. EXCLUSIVE OF SUMS CHARGED AGAINST THE SURPLUS. 1872. 1878. 1874. 1876. $1,847,966 $2,460,212 $2,342,339 $2,063,550 1878. 1877. 1878. $2,155,185 $2,363,806 $2,408,534 Excess of 1878 over 1872 — 560,578, or 30^ per cent, in seven years. So that the average Increase under Mr. Sandfield Macdonald wao 12^ per cent, per annum. And the average Increase under tho Blake and Mowat Qovemment only 4^ per cent, per annum. r nuittera. *l>p(>8Qil to il gruund, plus, anti lAUta with BAN TO KNOW [0 DEBT e a direct • distribu- )t surplus, ^d by Mr. set apart " roviuce for ipproval of he ground ing that i' Revenue, it lou» parti- ndilurtt of of Mr. J. 196 in Mr' on is to be acts are as :ture. 1^836 ur years. OWAT URPLUS. 16. ,550 ren years, onald waA ovenunent f 69 Bxpendltnre for Popular Objecti. On the other hand, the expenditure for object* directly benefiting the people has been far greater in the latter than in the former penod. Take the following items : — 1867 TO 1871. T'ducation IS1,27.\557 or $318,8^0 per annum. AiaintenanceofPubliclnstitutions 631,551 '• 157,888 " Colonization Roads ... 177,900 " 44,475 " Agriculture and Arts 286,788 " 71,697 " Hospitals and Charities 161,770 " 44,^42 " Total in four years 82,533,566 or 9633,391 per annum. 1872 TO 1878. Education 83,506,958 or 8500,004 per annum* Maintenance of Pub. Institutions 2,375,384 '• 339,338 " Colon ijsation Jloads 664,867 " 94,9bl •* A«riculture and Arts ,.. 636.924 " 90,989 " Hospitals and Charities 380,805 " 54,400 " Total 87,664,918 or 81 ,080, 702 per annum. Comparison. 1868-7'1 — Agsrregate expenditure on above items 82,533,566 or 8 033,391 per annum. 1872-78— " " '* ... 7,564,918 " 1,080,702 " Increase 8147,311 per annum. So that the Blake and Mowat Administration spent FOUR HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVEN THOUSAND DOLLARS annually on these objects alone in excess of the sum devoted to the same objects by th® previous Government. For foregoing statements see tables in Part 3, or Public Aeeonnta 1871-78. _____ COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1871— 18T8. PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF INCREASE IN " ORDINARY " EXPENDITURE. Civil Government. The following statements afford the explbnation of any increase that may have taken jdace since 1871 in what is called the ordinary expendi- ture, and shew that the increase has not been wasteful or extravagant, but is demonstrative qf unexampled care and economy. Service. 1871. 1878. Increase. 8 $ $ Oivi] Government, 111,413 168,7^1 47,306 35 ■■■>i< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 ^ A, f/ €p^ «? i/j. fA 1.0 I.I - IM III 2.2 IM 114 12.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 •4 6" — ► 1 ^1 <^' /. .4>1 e. 0 Contingencies 655 00 Total increase, including indemnity (now refluced) $51,791 00 AdmiDlstratlon of Justice. Service. 1871. 1878. Increase. Administration of Justice $182,621 $295,369 $112,748 00 Causes of IncreaM. Amount paid to Counties, excess over 1871 60,919 00 . 3 additional Judges appointed 3,000 00 Increase in Crown Counsel expenditure, owing partly to the niimber of cases tried, and partly to the accounts of 1877 left over till 1878. 5,172 00 Stipendiarv Magistracy at Haliburton 1,376 0(^ Police Force at Clifton ; 4,571 00 Short-hand Reporters, to expedite business of the Courts.. 6,300 00 Special Services ^Detection of crime) 1,110 00 Practice Court (Omitted in 1871) .r 1,846 00 Assize Clerk, (formerly paid by fees which now go into the general revenue) 1,024 00 Balance caused by increased work in Courts, and con- sequent salaries and number of offices as well as other increased expenses 27,430 00 . $112,748 00 FuMic Institutions' Maintenance- Service. 1871. 1878. Increase. Maintenance, Publiclnstitutions, $171,423. $482,466. $311,043. Clauses of Increase. Institntion*^ not in operation in 1871 : Idiot Asylum, Orillia... $10,742 83 Lunatic Asvlura, Hamilton 31,861 88 Mricultural College, Guelph 21,968 03 Blind Institute, Brantford 28,009 68 Central Prison, Toronto, including stock for industries 86,110 93 School of Practical Science 1,896 49 Lunatic Asylum, Kincston (in existence, but paid by Dominion Government, and charged to, but not paid bv Ontario, n 1871, and therefore not included in the item of $171,423 for that year) 51.726 95 . $341,317 69 m 92 m Increase in expenditure at Toronto and London Asylxuns and Reformatoiy in Penetanguishene, owing to in- crease in number of j>atient8 69,724 90 Total increase $311,042 58 Service. Miscellaneous. .. Miscellaneous. 1871. , $60,815. Causes of Increase. 1878. 678,901. Ttirrease. $18,038. Cannot give increases, as the items charged under this head vary from year to year, but the total for 1878 is mado up as follows : Printing, &c., Law Stamps and Licenses Municipalities and other Funds Municipal Loan Fund. . Arbitration, Ontario tuid Quebec " North-West Boundary International Exhibition Marriage Licenses. Inspection of Railways Grant to Ontario Rifle Associatioa Insurance of Public Buildings.., Consolidation of Statutes and printing same Expenses of Elections. .^ Expenses of Contested Elections Revision Voters' Lists Gratuities to retiring officials and their families Gaol alterations License Law Sundry Services Unprovided items 95 45 45 30 46 24 85 50 00 47 ... $ 1,472 401 105 . . . 4,002 .... 4,218 .... 2,920 188 11 eoo .... 16,179 .... 11,383 84 .... 1,767 69 .... 2,081 48 . . . 3,793 53 11,893 76 12,000 00 .... 3.568 02 .... 1,200 00 ... 1,112 41 ^ $78'i9W~38 Grown Lands. Service. -«-»,. -^-j.. 1871. 1878. Increase. Crown Lands Expenditure.. ... . $45,906. $70,509. $24,602. Exclusive of Refunds and Colonisation Roads. ''*:' Causes Of Increase. Agents' Salaries, Commissioners and Wood Rangers $6,273 69 Owing to the imperfect returns sent in, it was found necessary to enlarge the system of inspection inaugu- rated by Mr. Sand field Macdonald's Government, and increase the number of Wood Rangers. The result in the public interest has been most satisfactory. Surveys...... 21,025 81 Larger number of Townships surveyed. Board of Surveyors 222 80 $27,522 30 Less Inspectors valuing lands in 1871 and none in 1878 2,920 10 Ketlnorea*© $24,602 20 93 PJ&INCIPAL CJIU3S3 OF INORT54SE OF SO OALLED " CONT&OLLABLE " EXPENDITUBE. Education. Service. Education. isn. .$351,306 1878. $556,056 Cnases of Increase. Grants to Public and Separate Schools . ** Poor Schools Superannuated Teachers (Sandfield's Act) High Schools and Collegiate Institutes Public School Inspection (Sandfield's Act) Normal School at Ottawa (none in 1871) Training of Teachers. , Departmental Examinations (none in 1871) I'ormal School^ Toronto, Salaries & Contingencies Depository, Salaries and Contingencies Inspection, High Schools & Collegiate Institutes. Salaries and Contingencies, Educational Department, in- creased Correspondence, &c., &o. Miscellaneous Expenditure (the details of which appear in the Public Accounts) Maps, Apparatus, &g u Soientitic Institutions $76,381 90 $97,028 62 $20,646 72 Causes of Increase. Agricultural Sogieties $ 6,978 00 Fruit Growera' Association 500 00 Dairymen's ** 2,000 00 Poultry " 600 00 Entomological ** 260 00 ■1 ■m' ■ m lilH I f (II •if i MechanJos* Institntes $9,132 02 Printing, &o. , Agricultural Report 170 70 Prize Books, Veterinary College. ,. 20 00 Alt Union and School of Art and Design 2,100 00 ^20,750 72 18-H. If'orcaae. 79673 30413 boom 30203 '" " Sundry Public Objects. Service. 1871. Hospitals and Charities 40260 Colonization Roads 55409 New Roads in 1871 40 miles. " 1878 158 " Roads repaired in 1871 122 " " 1878 385 ** 1871. 1873. Increase. Total Expenditure, under Supply Bill $1,816,866 $2,408,534 8591,667 Surplus Distribution, Invest- ments, ETC. Aid to Railways Municipal Loan Fund Distribu- tion Drainage Works Drainage Debentures* Rookwood Asylum, Kingston ... Refunds — Brewers' Licenses School of Practical Science (Spe- cial Account) 232,529 05 232,529 05 107,171 15 108,171 16 590 40 690 40 34,496 45 34,496 45 96,500 00 96,600 00 5,442 95 6,442 95 16,124 35 16,124 35 Total Expenditure 1 ,816,866 78 2,90 2 ,388 374,085 ,521 o9 Ordinary Expenditure 833,176 43 1,268,579 71 435,403 28 OoNTROLLABLB Ejcpenditurb ... 983,690 35 1,139,954 31 156,263 96 Surplus Distribution, Invkst- MBNTs, ETC 493,854 35 493,854 35 Total Expenditure $1.816,866 $2,902,388 $1,085,521. DEPARTMENTAL BUSINESS — COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS. 1871-1877. In the preceding pages the large increase of business in all the Departments is rei«rred to as a cause of the increased expenditure The! eacl tivell frouil 187J Sessil the Bxe^ Offit Page 95 16 40 4.J 00 95 35 . 09 28 96 he re The following statements exhibit the volume of business done in each department of the Government, in the years 1871 and 1877 respec- tively, and fully account for the increased outlay. They are compiLa from Returns presented to the Legislative Assembly in the Session of 1879, in accordance with an order of the House made in the previous Session. A further comparison between 1871 and 1878 appears in the Budget Speech for 1879. Execatlre Council and Attorney Oenerars Offlce— Business Done. luvreaM 1871. 1877. p^ cent. Official letters 152 1,960 1189 Pagesofdo 230 2,694 1028 OHicial files containing letters and documents... 806 1,707 111" Orders in Counciji 237 640 128 Applications from Municipalities re- specting Drainage By-laws, each entailing numeroub references and . much worlc ". None. 29 This, for every official letter written in 1871, there were just twelve written in 1877 ; for every page of letter in 1871, there were 11 written in 1877; for every Order in Council in 1871, there were more th:vn two in 1877; and ol' the By-law applications there ^ere none in 1871, to 29 in 1877. The Actual Increase still Greater. Enormoiis as is the increase of work these figures indicate, they really represent but h. very small portion uf the actual increase. The Executive Council and the Attorney Genera,rs office is the centre of thg whole departmental system. Whatever increase the other depart- ments experienco must be felt at the one in question, in the shape of retei-encea, applications for legal information and advice , examina- tion of documents, and many other matters. Since 1871 this class of busiueas has been greatly augmented by the Surplus Distribution, Marriage License Act, Railway Aid Act, Ballot Act, Drdiuage Debentures, and Orders in Council relating to Education. Then again, with the natural extension of territory, increase of population, and expansion of all kinds of business, come applications for advice from Justices of Peace, Coroners, and communications from Crown Attorneys and other outside officials. The above returns do not include a Urge number of oiroulars and 'I 4 I '•Hi M ai i ir 96 replies to communications, of whicli no copies or records are kept. Nor do they include the hundreds ot official communications between the Attorney G^^neral's department and other departments ; nor yet confidential unofficial letters relating to business of a public nature. These unofficial letters in 1873 were under 1000 annually ; they now exceed 20(X) annually. Treasurer's Department— Accoontant's Branch. BVMINBHH. 1871. Letters written 3,860 Cheques issued 3,740 Railway Certificates isaaed None. Drainage Debentures, and incidenial busi- ness '. None. §urplu8 Distribution Requisitions N(me. Ib77. Increase p.c. 8,389 118 '8,473 360 160 162 126 There are some other items in this return of a fluctuating character. Criminal Justice Branch. 18.1. 1877. 8,046 199 484 203 1,230 Increase p.g. 77 . 31 138 31 127 Accounta received and audited 4,723 Abdtract deductions theieof sent 149 Paxes of ditto , 203 Kecommendationa to Council 164 Circulars sent 640 Sheriffs, Criers and Constables' accounts audited, etc., (no record before 1874) None. 176 Clerks of assize accounts, (no record be- fore 1874) None. 96 Judges' accounts for Revision of Voters' Lsfe, etc., etc., (no recortl before 1874)... None. 41 Abstracts of deductions -. None. 12 Books kept for above accounts to record in detail, and lettered A to I respectively 3 9 Pages in Abstract Book lettered E 203 484 138 Referring in his Budget Speech to the increase of business in his own uepartraent, the Treasurer said : '* The work of the Treasurer's Department, at the time of or imme- diately after Confederation, was not veQT onerous. It simply implied keeping certain accounts which were common to the different depart- ments, but the transactions were very simple in character, and not at all voluminous. Since 1871 we have taken upon ourselves a very large burden of work. The policy of the Attorney General with regard to the distribution of the surplus, railway aid, &c. , has been such as to add very materially to the work of the Treasury Department. Yo\i take for instance the aid to railways, the accounts to be kept of the railway funds and with the railways themselves, the railway subsidy funds. * This does not include about l.OOJ post cards, " Call for cheque." with certifioates to issue, &o ; and you must bear in mind, Mr. Speaker, that we have not only taken under our charge these diflferent matters, but we have also required the various building and insurance socioties to make their returns to the Treasury Department ; we keep charge of all their deposits, we receive and tabulate all their returns, and receive their annual reports, and give the necessary certificates. I may state as a very fair indication of the increase of work in the Treasury Depart- ment, that the number of letters received in 1871 were 2,131 ; in 1878, 2,670 ; letters sent in 1871, 3,860 ; in 1878, 8,389 ; cheques issued in 1871, 3,740 ; in 1878, 9,796 ; railway certificates issued in 1871, nil — in 1878, 320 ; drainage debentures in 1871, nil— in 1878, 99 ; surplus distribution requisitions in 1871, nil — in 1878, 98." — Budget Speech, 1879. Inspector of Frlsons» Asylomi and Cbarities. The multifarious duties devolving upon the Inspector and his limited staff are described at length under the head of " Administra- tion. " It will only be necessary briefly to recapituate them here. Business Done. 1871. ^ 1877. percent. Public Institutions inspected ......... 6S 99 80. No. of separate Statutory Inspections per annum 104 159 03. Prisoners committed to County Gaols. 6,615 13,481 103. " in Central Prison None. 997 .... " in Reformatory.... 211 257 21. Number of insane and idiotic persons under care each year 1 ,635 2,390 53. Average daily number of insane and idiotic persons 973 1,940 108 Number in Blind Institution None. 148 .... " " Deaf & Dumb Institution. 107 271 163 Patients and Inmates of Hospitals and Charities inspected 4,969 8,198 65 Number of files on distinct subjects of reference and correspondence, often voluminous 486 2,308 373. Estimated number of letters 1,458 6909 373. Expense of maintenance of Public In- stitutions which are supervised by the Department $225,137 $406,934 80. Cash Revenue received |..$ 20,675 $39,875 92. Total aid to Charitable Institutions in- spected $40,260 $64,151 69. It will be seen that there is literally no comparison between the wock of the Inspector and his staff in 1871, and that yehich ccnstitiites their duties now. Three items in the list alone afford of themselves a criterion of the increase of labour in this branch of the public service. These are : 99 (1.) The nttuiber of institutions inspected. (2. ) The files of subjects of reference which inrreamd 373 p«r cent, , or nearly quadrupled in the seven years. (3.') The Prison and Asylum populations. The inspections are necessarily minute and individual in thoir character. There is not in one of the institutions a single i>ri8oncr. or lunatic, or free inmate, towards whom the Inajjector does not stand for the time in the relation of guardian or overseer, and whose trualuiunt or case he may not be required to investigate. K very thing must bo a luuttcr of careful record, so that, not it may be at the time, but months and years afterwards, it may be clearly understt)od. The '* files " referred to are each a little histor}' of trans«rcent. Free Onmt Townships 56 1)2 (57 Persons located 1,V'.\ 1,})14 71 Acres located and sold 156,558 20(5, ;W5 71 Oolonizati(m Roads, miles made 40 15H 295 do miles repaired 122 194 59 Registered letters sent out 17,902 19,014 (5 These iiguros speak for themselves. It must bo romombored too, that in this departniont uvory act done, or transaction rendered, or letter registered, means attention to mattor.s of detail, questions which f»ften assume a judicial character, points involving a carofid search, on operations, as in the case of Colonization lioudu, calling for u whole series of transactions before they can be even put in hand, still less completed. ^ CONTINGENCIES. General Causes of Increase. While the increased departujental work explains to a large extent the increase of salaries, it accounts almost entirely for the increase under the head of contingencies. This word is construed in the at- tacks on the Government as though it covered unfortjseen and dis- cretionary expenditure. But, as a matter of fact, very little of the money voted and charged under this head is of that character. The term covers only necessary known expenses, not otherwise and more specifically provided for. ittorney*GcneraPs Department. In the Attorney-General's Department the increased C(jntingencie8 amounted to the enormous sum of $253 in 1878 ovjr 1871. In 1871 they were $3,018 ; in 1878 they were $3,271. But that is in the face of one hundred per cent, more work, represented by stationery, oflice accommodation, copying, and other such items. In fact, the figures show that the contingencies would of necessity have been much larger if there had not been a saving of some $230 in the item of telegi'aph- ing, of $130 for "cabs," and $100 in postage incidental to the intro- duction of compulsory prepayment for letters, which previously were often unpaid by the writers. Treasury Department. In the Treasury Department the increase is $1,104 in 1878 over 1871. The work of surplus distribution, the po8ta:^e and telegraphing' connected with the additional number of public institutions, the sta- now. 101 tlonery al)B()rl)e(l in all those matters, and travelling cxpondeii and oab hire uonnucteil with the i>uhlic iniititutioiiH biiainoHS, fully at;count for this increase. 1 Secretary and RcglBtrar^s Department. In the Sorretjiry an«l Ilegistrur and Regiatnir ricnoral's Dopnrtinent there is an iticreaHe to th»! extent of $1. 173. IJut of that HUni $4115 i» du« to the Liccnso Branch, which had no existence in 1871, leaving only $678 as the actudi compamtive incrcuso. An unavoidable incrcaHo in sum* i^oms is counterbalanced by the absence, in 1878, of a charge for extra clerks, that figured in the accounts in IH71 ; while economy in certain directions is a set-ofT to a necessarily larger outlay in others. The change in the law relating to Marriage Licenses, and the improved system of rejgistrutions have had the etio' \ necessarily of incrcusing the expenses of the otiico. Public Workfl an ■ hango in the items corresponiliug with those now charged. In 1871 tue contingencies for Immigration wen $13,526 ; but then - mo ^11,(J00 was for printing and other mattem now, under arrangeiaent, paid for by the Dominion in return for Ontario bearing a share in other Immigration expenses. Inspector of Prisons, &c., Offlcc. The nominal increase in the contingencies in the Inspector of Prisons find Asylams' Office is .$1,411. VVith vastly increased duties the contingencies of this office must necessarily be much increased. But as postage, telegraphing, and a largo portion of the printing of this office wore, in 1871, borne by the Public Works Department, to which it was then attached, the actual increase h very small in pi'O- portion to the business. Crown Lands Department. In the Crown Lands the increase is from $H,1.54 in 1871 to $10,120 in 1878, or $1,066. This includes repairs, nn additional charge for firemen and watchmen, for men employed keeping the Parliament grounds in order — not charged in 1871 — and payments incidental to the greatly enhanced volume of business described elsewhere. Legislation. Legislation shows an increase in contingencies of less than $400 ; the reporting and cost of evidence in connection with Parliamentary Ooramittees alone represents an item of $551 tuat did not appear in 1871 at aU. !;;iir 102 Education. Education shows anominjil increase of f 2,423 ; but then the Nor- mal School at Ottawa, which was not in existence in 1871, introduces a new charge for contingencies of $3,059, or nearly $600 in excess of the apparent increase. Increased Work and Increased Char'^cs. In all the Deparfments there has been increasea work, and the items incidental to that cause are in nearly every case larger ihar in 1871. ]Jut then there has been a saving i.i many others, showing tliat economy has been rigdly practised v lierever it could bo effected. It must indeed be either a very disordejed or very base mind that can make out of these Contingencies a G(>vernment *' Corruption Fund A full analysis of Contingencies and explanations of every increase will he oiind at page» 65 to 70 of Mr. Treasurer Wood's late Budget Speech. r-f; then the Nor- 1, introduces a n excess of the >8. work, and the larger lhar in •p, showing tiiat be effected. It lase luind that it " Corruption lery increase wUl 3udget Speech. INDKX. H( ^■ Clabstficatton of Purtects ^ 1 iNTKonucTORY — St-vi^n yciirs of Siicressful Legislation, &c 2 Duties niid Powtrs of Piovinditil I.Pf;islatuit'8 4 Seven Years of Successful Admin istrat ion 41 Seven Yenrr of Successful Financ'iul Maiiugenient 76 Charges nnd Criti' isms 85 Table A. Revenue 1867 to 1878 108 " B. Expenditure 1867 to 1878 108 " C. Comparative Statement of Receipts and Expenditure 1872 to 1878. 108 Abolition of Dual Representation 11 Absurd Charge, An. (Statute Commission) 84 Absurd Quibble, An 88 Accumulations of Surplus 86 Action, Mr. Blake's. N. W. Boundary 45 Actions, Limitation of ...„ 87 Administration of Crown Lands, Purity of 48 Adniinistrhtion of Justice 12, 15, 16 Administration of Justice, N. W. Ontaiio 87 Agriculture, &c.. Encouragement of 33, 35 Agricultural College 71 Agricultural Societies, Aid to 85 Aid Societies, Immigration 18 Aid to Railway.s 5, 83 Alloged Annual Deficits 85 American Legislation, Cost of '. 25 American States Legislatures 22 "A Most Perfect Code " 12 Andrew Mercer Reformatory, The 87 Appeal, Court of 16 Apprentices . 26 Arbitrators, The. N. W. Boundary 48 Area of Territory. (N. W. Ontario) 44 Arts, Encouragement of 33, 35 Assemb'y, Legislative ...27, 28 Assets und Liabilities 79, 80, 82 Asylums 62, 63, 64 Award, Ontario and Quebec 41, 43 Ballot, Vote by 27, 28 Biennial Se.s8ions 26 BirthfS, Deaths^and Marriages 27 Blake's, Mr., Amendment to Railway Aid Bill 6 Blake's, Mr, Testimony as to Law Reforms 16 Bliud. Institution for .••.•(•••• '^ ': I'l wl 104 PA«B. BoundArien of Ontario 3B, 42, 43 Building Societies 27, 36, 37 By-Laws. (Vote by Ballot) 27 Cardwell. (Redistribution) 20 Causes of Incrdftsed Expenditure 89 to 94 Cfiutral Prison . 6.*) to 68 Changes, Educational, 1877 and 1879 37, 38 Charge, An Absurd 34 Charge of Extravuganco . . . ., 86 Charities, Public 15 Code, A Most Perfect 12 College, Agricultural 71 Commission. (Consolidation of Statutes) 34 Common School Lands Arrearages 11 Comparisons — " Contingencies, 1871 and 1878 101 " Departmental Business, 1871 and 1877 94 " Education 60 " " iu Ontario and United States, Cost of 60 " " in Ontario Cities and American Cities, Cost of... 61 " " Inspection, Cost of ^..^-...^ 61 " Legislation, Cost of " " " in Ontario and States 25 •* *' " in Ontario and other Provinces .. 26 " Public Institutions, Cost of, in Ontario and States 65 Consolidation of the Statutes 33 Contingencies — Comparison, 1871-1378 101 Controverted Election Law 12, 27, 28 Cost of Immigration .<* 58 Cost of Legislation . 26 Cost of Territory. N.W.Ontario 45 County and Divi.sion Courts. (Stamp Duties) 17 County Model SehooLs 62 Court of Error and A])peal 16 Criminal Witnesses, Payment of . , 27, 29 Crooks Act, The 30 Crown Lands Administration, Purity of 48 Crown Lands Department 45, 48 Deaf and Dumb Institution ..; 65 Deaths, Registration of 37 Deficits, Alleged Annual '.. 85 Demand for Labourers 55 Departmental Business 1871— 1877 94 Depression Alleviated, The 10 Distribution of Public Money 78 Districts. County Cou ts 27 Division Court Stamp Duties 17 Donaldson, Mr. John, on Immigration 55 Dower, Law of 37 Dminage Debentures, Municipal 11, 36, 37 Drainage Operations 52 Dual Representation ........10, 11 Dufferin (Redistribution) 19 Duties of Inspector of Prisons, &c r.. 69 Education Chansres 1877 and 1879 37, 38 Education Department ; 59, 62 Education Law..,.. ^„ ., 13 Educatio Election Election Ek 3tionj Electioni Employn Emplojm Encoura^ Enormou Escheats Essex (R Expenses Expeudit Expendit p]xpendit Expendit Extravag Farmers' Fees for 1 Female R Finality t Forests' I Fire Polic Fire Insu Franchise Free Gran Free Grai Gain to O Gaols, En G«s Comr Gas and ^ General A Girls' Kefi Grand Jui Grants to Great Sav Great Sue Grey, (Re Guarantee Health, T High and Hoarding Horticulti Hospitals How the ( How the ] Huron Tii Immigrpu Immigrati Improved Improvem Income Fi Income of lucorpora' Increased Increased Increased .:«i«!tn' PAftB. 3ft, 42, 43 27, 36, 37 27 20 .89 to 94 ...65 to 68 ....37,38 34 85 15 12 71 34 11 101 94 60 60 of... 61 ...... 61 ".".".".! 25 ... .. 26 65 33 101 12, 27, 28 58 26 ... 45 .... 17 ... 62 ... 16 ..27, 29 ., 30 .... 48 .45, 48 .... 65 .... 87 ,.. 85 ... 55 .... 94 ... 10 .. 78 ... 27 . ... 17 .. 55 .. 37 36, 37 .. 62 .10, 11 .:. 19 ... 69 37,38 .59, 62 ... 18 100 PAOB. Ekiucation, Miniater of ~. 14, 27 Election Law 12, 13, 27, 38, 87, 40 Election Law, Controverted 12, 13, 27, 28 Elcjtions, Municipal 27, 28 Elections, Parliamantary 28 Employment for Wom^n. (Schools) 62 Employment in Gaols 36 Encouragement of Agriculture, &c 3S Enormous Indebtedness (old Municipal) 6 Escheats and Forfeitures 33 Essex (Redistribution) 19 Expenses, Legislative 24 Expenditure, 1867-8 77 Expenditure, 1872-8 78 ICxpenditures of 1867 and 1878 Compared 88 Expenditure, Causes of Increased 89 to 94 Extravagance, Charge of rT 85 Farnieis' Sons' Franchise 33, 35 Fees for Marriage Licenses — 18 Female Refonnatoi-v 37, 40 Finality of Voters' Lists 19 Forests* Preservation 36 Fire Policies 27, 29 Fire Insurance Companies. Inspection of 29 Franchise Income .. 18 Free Grants 47, 48 Free Grant Settlers Arrearages 11 Gfcin to Ontario (by Immigration) 58 G«ols, Employment in 36 Gas Companies, Powers of 87 Gas and Steam Heating Companies 39 General Acts (Incorporation) 1^ Girls'Refuge 87 Grand Juries 36, 38 Grants to Charities 15 Great Saving of Expense (Juries) 39 Great Success, A. (Crooks Act) 33 Grey, (Redistribution) 20 Guarantee Companies. Security of 37 Health, The Public 27 High and Public School Laws 13, 36 Hoarding not True Economy 9 Horticulture, Encouragement of , S3 Hospitals and Charities 15 How the (Crooks) Act Works 31 How the Money has been Ajiplied 7 Huron Timber Limits, Sale of 4y, 51 Imroigronta' Aid Societies ,.. 13 Immignitiou , 54 to 58 Improved Selection of Jurors 39 Improvements Retarded. (Municipal Indebtedness) 6 Income Franchise 18 Income of Registrars Act 11 Incorporation Acts, General 14 Increased Expenditure, Causes of 89 to 94 Increased Provision for Insane, &c. 62 Increased Representation 21 i.!A 100 'It PAOK. Indepeudauce of Legislative Aaaembly 10, 29 Industrial Hefage for Girls 37 Inspection of Cliarities, &c 15 Inspection of Fire Companies 29, 37 Inspector of Prisons, 4o., Duties of 69 Institutions, Public 62, 65 Insurance Companies 27, 29, 37 Joint Stock Companies, Winding up of 36 Jurors 36, 38 Jurors, Grand 36, 38 Justice, Administration of 12, 15,16 Land Subsidies (Railways) 33 Land Titles 26 Large Surplus, A 70 Law of Dower ; 37 Legislation for the Working Classes 13 Legislators in States, Number of .... 22 Legislative Expenses (Ontario and States) 24, 25 Legislature, Independence of . . 10 Legislative Assembly : 27, 28 Liabilities and Assets, 1871-1878 80,82 Liberal Financial Policy, Motives for a 9 Liberal Policy, A 79 Licensed Victuallers' Memorial ,30 Licenses, Marriage 18 Licensing Acts 12, 30, 36 Liens, Mechanics 12,13 Limitation of Actions 37 Liquors, Sale of 27, 30 Lists of Votei-s 18, 27, 28 Lunatic Asylums 6il: 84 Maodonald, Hon. J. Sandfield, on the Surplus 87 Macdougalla' Fiasco, Hon. W 48, 49 Magistracy, The 36 Manitoba, Mig-ition to 57 Manufactures, En coijragement of 33 Marriage Laws 17, 27 Marriage Licenses 18 Married Women's Property Act 11 Masters and Workmen 12 Measures, Further, 1871-2 10 Mechanics' Institutes, Real Estate 37 Mechanics' Liens 12, 13 Memorial of Licensed Victuallers , 30 Minister of Education 14, 2'/ Minora .- 26 Model Schools, County 62 Mortgages ,. 37 Municipal Contributions to Education 59 " Debentures Drainage 11, 37 " Elections 27 '• Law Consolidation 12 • ' Loan Fund and Surplus Distribution Scheme 5, 6, 37 Niagara (Redistribution) ... 19 Northerly and Westerly Boundaries of Ontario 36 Normal Schools 61 Not ' ' a Baker's Dozen " to Vote for it, (Macdougalla' Motion ) 49 Number < Official III Orange B| Ontario al " r Parliamer Payment People, Rl Petition o| Pledges ii l^olicies, ' Practical Preservatil Property J I*roportior Public HeJ Public Of Public Opil Public Ser Public Sch Public Wo Hallway A Railways ( Railway Gi Redistribut Reduction Reformator Refuge for Registrars' Rogistratioi Repeal of S Representat Representat Representat Revenue, U Revised Sta Sale of Hur Sale of Liq« Schools, Hi School of Pi School Sect: Seats, Rcdii Security of Selectors, P Session 187: " Firf " Seci " 187 " 187 " 187 " 187 Sessions, Bi Settlement, Settlers, Ai Seven Year Simcoe, (R< Societies, I \ PAOK. ..10, 29 37 15 ..29,37 . . . . 69 .. 62, 65 7, 29, 37 36 . 36, 38 ...36,38 2, 15, 16 33 ;.... 26 79 i.u. 37 ;;;. 13 .... 22 ...24, 25 . . . 10 ...27, 28 ...80, 82 9 .... 79 30 18 2, 80, 36 ...12, 13 . . . . 37 ...27, 30 8, 27, 28 6i; 64 ., 87 ...48, 49 ... 36 .. 57 .. 33 .17,27 ... 18 ... 11 .. 12 ... 10 ... 37 . 12, 13 ... . 30 .14, 27 .. 26 ... 62 ., 37 ... 59 .11, 37 ... 27 12 6, 37 . 19 . 36 . 61 . 49 107 PAOS. Number of Grand Jurors reduced .i..,'Jl«w..»u';rt/.r*.". .. 88 Official Inspection ...Jf.j'.'i .'.;.'./...... 16 Orange Bills, The 14 Ontario and Quebec Award 41 " Boundary 42 Parliamentary Sections 28 Payment of Criminal Witnesses 27, 29 People, Representation of thi' 19 Petition of Right 10 Pledges in Oppcsition Redeemed 10 l-'olicies. Fire 27 Practical Science, School of 12, 13, 74— Preservation of Forests 36 Property of Married Women 11 Proportion of Legislators to Population 22 Public Health, The , 27 Public Officers, Sureties of 27 Public Opinion. (The Crooks Act) 30, »! PuWic Service of Ontario, The 36 Public School Laws IH Public Works 27 llailway Aid Funds 6, 7, 8, 27 Railways Completed and Aided 8, 53 Railway Grants, Scrip for 37 Redistribution of Seats 19 Reduction of Marriage License Fees 18 Refonnatoiy for Women '. 37, 40 Refuge for Girls .'. 87,40 Registrars' Fees 11 Registrations of Births, &c 27, "^7 Repeal of Stamp Duties ,, 17 Representation. Dual 10, 11 Representation. Increased 21 Repre.sentation of the People Act 19 Revenue, 1867-1878 76, 86 Revised Statutes 33, 36 Sale of Huron Limits 49 Sale of Liquors 27, 30' Schools, High, Public, Normal 36, 69, 61 School of Practical Science 12, 18, 74 School Sections, Union 36 Seats, Redistribution of .^. 19 Security of Public Officers .7. 37 Selectors, Powers to (Juries) 39 Session 1873 12 " First, 1874.... 18 '• Second, 1874. 19 " 1875-6 27 " 1877 33 " 1878 36 " 1879... 36 Sessions, Biennial 25 Settlement, Free Grant 66 Settlers, Arrearages 11 Seven Yej\rs' Expenditure 79 Simcoc, (Redistribution) 20 Societies, Building ; 36, 87 w I i ! ''Hi ^ c IM Si N. HI! m 108 PAGB, SocietiM Imirigrant Aid 13 Solemnization of Marriage u.iv.... ...... 27 Stamp Duties, Reptal of ^k 17 Statistics, Vital 27 Statutes, Kevised 83, 36 Surplus, 1878 83 " Accumulations 86 " Distribution of (Mr. Blake's Policy) 5 ' * Distribution Scheme. ( Mr. Mowat's Policy) 5, 27 " •• " How the Money has been Applied 7 •♦ Mr. Sandfield Macdonald's View 87 ..Territory. Area of N. W 44 CostofN. W 45 Value of N.W 44 Timber Limits, Sale of 49 Titles, Land 26 Toronto University 12 Union School Sections 36 United States. Immigration of - 66 Value of an Immigrant 67 Vital Statistics 27 Vote by Ballot 28 Voters' lists 18, 28 " " Finality of. 19,36 " " Municipal 33 Wellington (Redistribution) 20 Winding up Joint Stock Companies 34 Witnesses. Payment of Criminal 27, 2& Wood. Treasurer, on Immigration 58 Working Classes. Legislation for 13 Workmen and Masters 12 Works. Public, since 1871 61 PAGB. 13 27 17 27 .. ..83, 36 83 86 5 5,27 7 87 44 45 44 49 26 12 36 6« 57 27 28 .. ..18, 28 ...19,36 83 20 34 27, 2& 68 IS 12 ... 51 'ROM 18T . 1872. DC S c. 23,303 38 ^0,000 00 . 36,696 62 Cr(l4,545 19 Ca^6,776 90 Pu25,295 66 Ed63,797 58 Re: M«)0,179 16 In^ 1,757 95 All 7,685 27 feir'5,355 96 .LaS7,165 88 Mi41,859 86 CaiO,967 47 Ag... Dr Pu Cei Mrf?6,36I 00 Dr La To. Ad 30,747 97 I •i 1 open accoui m ^ m ! ■ n STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO FRC DOMINION OF CANADA. Subsidy Specitic Grant Interest on Special Funds. General Account Crown Lands Revenue Casual Revenue Puldic Institntions Revenue Education* Refunds Municipal Loan Fund Interest Algoma Taxes liiicenses . Law Stamps Municipalities Fund Common School' Lands Agricultural Farm, Miniico Drainage Assessment Public Works — Miscellaneous Central Prison — Capital Account. Marriage Licenses Drainage Debentures Law Society Toronto Mechanics' Institute. Advance on Stocks 1867. 40,000 00 214,354 38 72 00 3,782 28 11,066 62 5,273 9!) 1868. 2,401 37 29.8.54 17 11,792 71 9,878 00 11,22.5 00 t339,700 52 339,700 52 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 180 58 632,113 65 31,550 05 8,591 90 24,742 06 11,867 88 202,872 21 15,000 00 95 34 74,517 43 31,710 11 12,360,810 63 2,366,810 63 1869. 1870. 1,105,751 18 80,000 00 136,696 62 283 99 653,257 12 12,083 78 8,780 65 24,976 07 1,186 55 191,463 28 80,236 43 2,664 11 58,924 74 88,228 21 98,015 30 123,269 92 996,729 84 80,000 00 136,696 62 552,888 03 20,810 91 19,457 90 26,649 17 158,469 70 146,123 65 2,547 56 60,652 26 78,477 94 88,634 25 94,903 82 26,531 00 37,654 05 §2,697,348 95 2,697,348 95 2,500,695 70 2,500,695 70 1871. c. 803,303 38 80,000 00 136,696 62 707,203 46 23,567 20 20,675 07 35,450 65 38,508 10 148,703 60 5,014 12 58,558 5) 77,650 97 85,038 20 77,343 70 35,466 00 2,333,179 62 2,333,179 62 Provincial Auditor's Office, Toronto, March lOth, 1879 *Include8 receipts from Superannuated Teachers, t Includes Receipts by Dominion, sjilStj.SOO 89 t Do. do. 106,634 14 I Do. do. 72,169 fli< NoTH. — The sums mentioned in the Auditor's foot note, as received by Dominion Government in 1867-8-9, fonn part of an o into ;he hands of the Ontario Government. — Editor Electors' Ouide. C : OF ONTARIO FROM 1st JULY, 1867, TO 31st DECEMBER, 1878. TABLE ' A.' 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. $ c. 803,303 38 80,000 00 136,696 62 t c. 823,303 38 80,000 00 13(),696 62 $ c. 950,038 09 80,000 00 136,696 62 8 c. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 $ c. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 $ c. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 02 8 c. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 $ c. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 707,203 46 23,567 20 20,675 07 35,450 65 1,214.545 19 26,776 99 20,295 66 53,797 58 897,371 92 77,355 83 31,664 51 51,480 21 524,358 65 28,548 80 30,700 99 55,307 31 538,892 10 24,178 85 27,832 30 57,808 25 534,446 72 19,457 23 34,210 75 57,805 65 529,207 49 29,526 35 39,875 07 57,781 38 360,384 66 20,292 85 67,999 76 51,793 61 38,508 10 148,703 60 5,014 12 58,558 5) 77,650 97 85,038 20 77,343 70 50,179 i6 221,757 95 7,685 27 75,355 96 87,165 88 141,8.59 86 80,967 47 28,951 26 258,040 43 3,801 90 82,152 78 95,249 08 150,126 78 73,765 76 3,713 14 831,909 33 248,130 68 5,571 43 115,499 17 75,164 04 91,623 54 101,266 09 1,810 2) 652,505 49 232,101 Oir 5,045 45 107,590 10 63,950 93 45,171 94 56,282 30 1,233 04 113,444 44 164,170 43 4,993 07 85,257 56 66,055 26 41,933 89 63,635 31 1,487 50 16,2ir71 137 84 10,288 82 222,251 18 1,032 33 78,820 96 68,756 99 37,465 57 62,039 84 1,925 71 570 88 117 16 156,251 46 681 04 75,529 85 66,291 82 28,988 73 55,905 53 5,138 46 11,883 40 521 91 9,000 00 35,466 00 35,361 00 41,057 00 2,333,179 62 3,060,747 97 2,961,515 31 3,443,459 62 2,888 31 3,146,161 23 10,444 58 2,536,816 78 27,406 05 25,000 00 2,462,940 35 29,625 69 2,254,421 32 30,780 13 . 10,000 00 725,133 33 23,724 21 2,333,179 62 3.060,747 97 2,961,515 31 3,446,347 93 3,156,605 81 2,589,222 83 3,227,699 37 2,308,925 66 nuated Teachers. m, i|il5t),800 81) 106,034 14 72,169 C'^ C. H. SPROULE, Auditor, ■8-9, fonn part of an open account between the two Qovernments, and although accounted for by the Dominion, have not come •*• n'.'Jf '.« VI 111 * ('•«.« 1 piS&^"" , .. .twMn i h in a W " " *'««« « » ■ f ' * ' '"* ■^-^' PROVIN Ti uax ''B* 1869. 1877. — 1 1878. ■ 90,662 85 ^ 81,283 19 > 1 178,800 39 > ; 146,702 9(5 ^ 44,060 32 > 46,341 69 > 183,341 01 '^ 3,735 03 ■> 275,938 84 ^ 17.609 (»() '> 71,151 41 2 40,000 00 7 251,897 53 '^ 21,187 39 •' 36,689 94 =^ 159,996 43 122,321 U 277,302 47 427,044 74 81,937 75 78,469 56 97,215 04 158,721 (14 126,4().3 03 295,;i16 30,666 77,30<> 36 34 55 48 ()8 56 00 556,056 84 31,975 09 97,028 62 70,673 19 272,294 83 26,313 26 85,612 48 488,201 85 -^ 5 8 8 ■ '5 2,363,806 17 343,613 74 317,711 04 11,426 96 49,243 25 2,408,534 02 232,529 05 108,171 15 590 40 :J4,496 45 9»),500 00 5,442 95 ;l * " 17,143 9,960 35 63 16,124 35 3 488,291 85 '& 3,112,904 14 2,902,388 37 789.472 28 >-^ 698,819 57 ^l iO 1,244,287 20 1,119,518 97 749,097 97 1,268,579 71 1,139,954 31 493,854 3S ,488,291 86 i^ 3,112,904 1 14 2,:)02,3e8 37 u ::i Hi I SPROULE, AiuiifAtr. •t 2 ; also, ei»e»s" and oompar»t,iTe statement of HUT Vf' '{'(■'■ STATEMKNT OF EXPIIlNDITTJRE ON ACOOUNT OF THK PROVlNnR OF.OWTARir DRniNARr KxPKJcnrTURR. (^ONTROI.r.ABI/K f'iXI'KVDll VHK- [im. T 1870. Civil Governuient Ijogislation AdiniiiiHtrntinn (if Justiw .Miiiiitonnuc« of l*»l>lio In«titiiti.inH NfiscclliuiufniH ( Irown lifimlH Kx|M'ii(lit\iiu Kofwndu Stationery < >ttict' , t c. :W,81)6 SB I I6,95« 19 I :)ft,f>77 :i7 i 77,t7:j 23 2»).HSM 17 I U,ir»!i :.!» 2,14() IS [ Kdiicfitioii ; liiiiniL,'rati(iii .* | Aifiifultiufi, AvIh, Liturarv :tnil Scientific InfltitutionH..., Mo«|iitHl> anil ( 'liaritie.s j l'iil)lio Uti ill lings I rublic Wnrk.H i (-nldnizatidii HoaH 77 • e 108,9«4 6!> '.K),:J7() <)7 180,H«5 :1:J 155,4!)!) 17 2;l,65 1 :«) :«),19<) 14 111 221) :«» :),118 m 332,423 86 SlTRPIiOfl DlHTHIlil'TION', In- VRSTMKNTH. StC Kxponilitni't' innlci Sniiply Bill .')74,441> 03 71,182 fill 30,<)(»O (H> iMi.or.i 70 (»7H i)0 3<5,90i ir> 1,199,030 91 t c. f)0,«52 8!S 81,28;j to 178,800 HO 14«,702 0«) 44.()()0 32 4(i,341 »iO 183,341 nl 3,735 03 27tS038 84 i7.<;on (lO 71, 1.")! 11 in,(Mi(i 00 •j:)l,8!)7 r)3 21,187 39 35,589 '.)4 102,427 «8 37,14« 82 17(),(H)4 02 ir)7,!t2:) ^0 29,3(5« !M) (18,11)3 07 !)2,«31 40 l.(!H« 5(1 Aid to IJailwayH Mnnicipal Loan Fund Dihtrilmtion Drainage Wi n'K-s Drainage Delientnres KockwiMid AHyluin, Kingstmi HctundH- Mrewers' Liceiisus Connunn (iaol Altcrationn Schixd of Practical Science Spefial Account). Osgoode Hall (Si)ecial Acc.mit) Total Expenditure, ■)74,440 93 1.488,201 85 3 1 5,. ^87 02 32,OM7 (55 r)H,<»72 2(» 42,510 00 282, '.>08 52 123,844 »>7 50,fi3 1,109,030 01 ORDINARY EXPENDITURE CONTROIiLAliLE EXPENDlTrilK SURPLUS Dlr^TRIHUTIOX, INVESTMENTS. &r TOTAL EXPEN'HTURE 215,7(i7 79 358.H73 14 .')74,44() 93 591,238 10 (•,07,792 81 1,488,291 85 789,472 28 (^98,8 1 9 57 1,580,063 21 ft65,352 25 915,310 96 1,199,030 91 1,488,291 85 j 1,580,663 21 I Pkovinctal Attditor'.s Offkh, Toronto, Mnrrh lO'h, /.s\\'i. [For explanations as to can.ses of increased exi>onHiture, see the several items under the hea«i oi '•' Administration" P»rt 2 ; also, expenditure on spei wntingencies ill Part 4. — B'^itor Klf'-to),' frniiie.] INCE OK.OWTARIO. FROM 30tH ;mNF, t««7. TO Mn DECKMBKR. IPTfl... t t/f^y^t f .,''-' TABLE "B* c. 8.^ 10 :«> ot> ;{2 •;o (ii m4 n 00 5.3 30 04 85 1 1870. 1«71. « c. 111,41.3 00 74,671 47 182,ti2l 7! 171,423 17 60,815 23 15,!nM) 04 iS6,241 25 82 67 351, .306 40 20,712 r.6 76,381 :M) 40,260 00 20<),O76 08 I34,.543 47 55,400 04 1872. 1870. 1 c. \r^'^,^\\\^ S2 ll<.),6.50 10 2(14 .•i04 81 J34,4,(i6(» 53 ' 04,444 83 52,34(; u; 125,05!» 05, 25,515 32 103,511 80 |n7(!. 1 155,365 50 106.JH0 5»i 286,. 50 1 40 368,046 02 74,270 30 70.7()0 6(1 57,302 o'.t 1.121 00 1 524,403 51 40,001 10 07,348 42 65,405 07 183,012 53 33,205 35 85 031 43 , 1877. 1«78. $ 102,427 «8 37,14« 82 17(),(»04 02 157,025 SO 20,. '{(W !M) (18,10:{ 07 ')2,(5:51 40 l.'i8H 5(1 ;H5,,S87 02 :i2,oS7 t55 •)8,(»72 20 42,510 (»0 282,008 52 1 2:5,844 f.7 .50,1 KX) (Hi 1 c. 141.103 24 02,373 27 101.647 66 214,067 80 ;J4,331 37 1 •6,750 1)8 128,864 70 3,lH7 50 421,703 53 .•^7,750 10 S 1,6 1 2 10 42,100 00 20<;,071 83 60,603 12 75,70!> 10 • 0. 156,647 16 174,244 10 2(»8,373 36 2H6,OMH 12 21,017 22 78,068 U2 163, .568 7t' 7H8 68 487,444 80 l34,64o 66 86,43s 24 43,020 OO 201,558 14 117.880 14 !Hi,7(i2 43 150.09«{ »3 122,321 11 , 277,:t02 47 ' 427,(t44 74 HI, 037 75 7S,4<>0 .56 07,215 04 t <^. 158,721 «V4 12«{,4(t.3 03 295,;WM) .52 482,466 76 78,1X11 Xi 70.. 500 14 W,\4A 2« 4(12, !>63 22 1.50, 17H .■)5 ^2,817 03 43,020 00 472,850 .50 Sl,,-)30 21 14;-.,0.')0 (K) 5.50,084 :i«i 46,265 34 !>7,234 55 64,151 48 252,016 68 30,6()«J 56 77,300 00 5.56,056 84 31,075 (») 07,028 62 70.673 19 272,204 IM 2(i.313 26 85,(il2 4« l,580,f>6.3 21 I,8I6.86<5 78 1.847,056 57 372, 78() (X) 2.4(ii\212 23 426,642 00 2,342.330 77 113,812 ;>0 1,361,101 -.0 2,063,550 61 1 417,334 00 086,243 48 55,6(iO 03 81,736 30 2,155,185 (15 372,:ia 21 I,816,F66 7« 2,220,742 57 2.040,803 45 .3,871.402 82 3.(504,524 42 3,140,627 (15 3,112,!)04 14 2,f»02,388 37 28 57 ««5,.352 26 91 5,. 310 06 833,176 43 083,600 35 :102,226 31 945,7:iO -36 372,786 00 1,011,802 82 !. 4 18,310 41 4^0,501 22 1.000,505 36 1,251.744 41 1,520.153 (15 1,065,301 0«) 008,240 .55 1,540,073 81 1,121,697 (14 1,03.3,487 41 085,442 (;(» 1 , 1,244,287 20 1,119,518 07 740,007 07 l,2«i«,579 71 1,130,054 31 493,854 36 . 85 1,580,663 21 1,816,866 78 2,220,742 57 2,040,803 45 3,871,402 82 3.«)04,524 42 < 3,140,627 (>5 3,112,904 14 1 2,1(08,388 37 C. H. .SPROULE, Au4if^>r. »o, expentlittire on ftpecial <»l)jeot« at page 78, Ptwrt 5 ; anH " Principal eansed of incnvine," " I)e{)artmeutal Businea?'" and oou4pftr»t,i?e •tfttement of K-Jf I TT ■ I- ^tfcai M i Ma ' nil i r ySo .--^ »•»»;- TT ^ EXPE(,.,o,. ie of payments i ppp^m '37^ ts. $ cts. 1,116,872 80 80,000 00 136,696 62 524,358 65 28,548 80 30,700 99 55,307 ol 831,909 33 242,130 68 5,571 43 115,499 '7 75,164 01 91,623 54 101,266 09 1,810 20 ets. 31 23 08 :3i254,42i 32 156,647 1§ 174,244 10 208,373 36 286,088 12 21,917 22 78,968 02 163,568 70 788 68 487,444 8« 134,640 66 86,4;i8 24 43,020 (X) 291,568 14 117,880 14 90,762 43 Surplus... 1 ,2,408,534 02 . 154,112 70 1 (capital accountj^o^v '^^ » those of 1878. I! *!i I COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND E] During the years 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, ami 1878, exclagive of pa, Eeceiptb. 1872. 1873. Dominion of Canada — Su^»8' dy Specific Grants Interodt on Special Funds Crown Land Revenue Casual Revenue Public institutions Revenue Education (Depository, &c.) Municipal Loan Fund Interest (on investments) Algoma Taxes Licenses (Tavern, &c.) Law Stamps Municipalities Fund (Clergy Lands) C(»mmon School Lands Agricultural Farm, Mimico (sales of land) Drainage Assessment (Rent charges under old Act). Public Works Miscellaneous Central Prison — capital account Marriage Licenses $ cts. 823,303 38 80,000 00 136,696 6i [,214,545 19 26,776 99 25,295 66 53,797 58 50,179 16 221,757 7,685 75,355 87,165 141,859 86 80.367 47 $ 95 27 96 88 cts. $ cts. 950,088 09 80,0C0 GO 136,696 62 897,371 92 77,355 83 31,664 51 51,480 21 28,951 26 258,040 43 3, HOI 90 82,152 78 95,249 08 150,126 78 73,765 76 3,713 14 cts. 1,116, 80 136 524 28 30 55 831 248 5 115 75 91, 101, 1, E.qyenditure under Supply Bill. ©BDINARY EXPENDITUKE Civil Government Legislati0 00 2,460,212 23 487,444 80 134,640 66 86,4;i8 24 43,020 (X) 291,568 14 117,880 14 90,762 43 2,342,339 T, 503,311 77 94,060 53 94 444 83 52,346 16 125,059 05 25,515 32 103,611 89 -2,063,550 61 524,493 51 45,201 10 97,348 42 66,495 07 183,012 53 33,206 35 85,931 43 -2,155,185 05 550,984 ;i6 46,265 34 97,234 56 64,151 48 252,916 68 30,666 56 77,300 00 -2,363,806 17- 666,066 84 31,976 09 97,028 62 70,673 19 272,294 83 26,313 26 85,612 48 -2,408,534 02 lUS., 501,303 08 Surplus... 1,101,119 86 Surplus... 1,082,610 62 Surplus... 381,63173 Surplus... 99,134 18 Exces-s 154,112 70 ldin<»« and work^ (capiul account), if the revenue, by reason of the general depression in the lumber trade and otlierwise, had not fallen betow tho 10,000 more thai* those of 1878.