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P' ^ m i.t. Uhu rv-MiNlMER . Thko. *.. IHms, Si rKKiMKM>>Ni ok Mink»* GEOLOGY OF A PORTION OF Fabre Township PONTIAC COUNTY By ROBERT HARVIE, Jr., M. Sc. PKIMKI' UV 1,. \. iii.Tr.Ar, I'RINTIK lO 111- M''-r i:\llll. IM M\JKST\ Till; Kisc. or r, 1! i;*.' 1 '.I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS IntrtMliiction 5 Hihlioifrapliy 7 ('harn< tor ot tlio DiMtrift 7 < i L-ncral ( ieolo(ry 8 Table of Forinatioiis 10 Kecwntin 10 Kpi'watin DinhaNc 11 OranoiJioritf 12 rnclassitiotl Knewatin 12 Laurcntian 13 Fahro Series 15 Cobalt Series 17 Lorrain S' .ni-s 19 Newer Diabase and Oabbro 20 Correlation with other Districts 25 Economic Geolojt>- 28 Conclusions 31 Clays 32 Water R- .-ces 32 To .»//.'. TUKfh r. DKMS, SiPKRINTK.VnENT OP .MiN'EX, QriHEc. p. Q. .s'iV:~ / lug to Iraiianiil hirririlh m// n port on the ffiolofifi of a portion of I'lihre Township, rtKulting from the fidil-ii-orl, ihnu by ijour inslriti lions diirinij the Snmnur of V.)\0. roiiri tri'lij, UOltKUT IlAiniK.Jr. GEOLOGY OF A PORTTQN OF FABRE TOWNSHIP, QUEBEC RiMIKKl II \ia ii;. Ju., M. «» Gil', ml Shif.iiiinl Diiiiiiif III" '.'fiiit .'iclivity in |in»| t ami A<'l-ii"ii'li il'iiiii iil.^ ■■ ill'.' ruilnuiinr tli'' iliviiv. ly of llu' Vililllllili' lirpiisils 111' nilM-r lit ('iiliiill till' iitlriilinii 111' 11 I'lin^, ' ijilili- iiHiiilii'r 111' |iiiis|ii'i'tiirs wiis nt- trai'liil til till- tnutisl.lj of Kalii'i', wlii'ii' it wns mioii siinwn lllllt tlliTf lllsii Wi'IT iMTllllTlli'i's lit' lurks Hiiiiilltr U> llmsi' at I'dliall. 'I'lirir wiirk ln'ini; liain|n'i'i'ii li> liifU nl' a HaliHTai '; ry u'l'idnifical iiiai>, tin' ^v|•itn• was irist-iirtiil !iy till' <^»iiiliic |)i'|iart!!ii'iit of .\liiiis tn i-\i»i- tin- iinvimiH iiit'iirniatiiin aiiii to inTpari- a IH'">' ili't:;ili'il iiia|i ami ri'imit Two iniiiitlis anil a halt' witi- Hpi'iit in tin- fiild in tin' siniiini"' of l!(l(t. (inrini; \i liii'li tinii' a caii'l'iil iiiirnimi'trr ami i-i>iii|iaHS (tiirvrx- was iiiatli' of tin- i I; i-xposiirt's in the portion of tin- townsliip I'onml to In' the most ♦aviiiiralili' fn- jm ;^pl'l■l inu'. Sirii-i' iinvimis work in otliiT ili'^tricts liad slinwn tiint tin- »ilvi'r-lii'iii'inu' ori's aro i-ln^i'lv associatiMJ whh tlie ";irwtT dialiaM'," tlii' ari'a I'oviTcd li' di'tail- cil \\iirl< was I'lmlimd to tlif vii'inily of tlii' oci'iiririni '' tm' dialmsc. so that for sumh' small imrlicns nf tlir map ti ilor inatii'ii liiis I n iiM'd iinri'vis^'d frniii tin" wni'K- i 1 tin' i'; ■ i Canada, as jrivi'n Iiy M. V.. V.'ilson. was ai'i , .1, tlnmtrh with sjiirluiy niodilii'd hoiindarics. 'I'Ih' ana of the poitimi n'viscd h liitwiM-n forty-livi- and lifly siiuan- niih's. The snrvi'yinir was i-ari-icil on in an inti'Iliu'i-nt and iiitlni- siastir inanniT liy .Mi'ssi-s. K. 15. I'ainidiand and (>. Ii. I'i'pin, students of THi'iili' rolytcchniiiui'. .Montreal, to liotli of whoni I nni indi'lttcd for hiirlily cflii'ii'nt scrvii'i-. Acknowii'dirmi :is for favours and assist, lUei' ri'i-cived in tiio ('onrs»> of tin' work arc osi)ecially due to .Messrs. T. Drolet, AVm. Donohoe, .las. .Miteliell and Andrew Stewart of Pahre. In the prepar.ition of this report 6 MINIS HUANCM, I'HOVINt'E OK iJlEHEC. 1 have lii'cii iiitlfil I'V tlic fricnilly critu'i.siii of l'n)f. C. K. Leith, of the riiivci-sity of AVisconsiii, ami Dr. M'. II. ("oUms, of the Geolocical Survey of Caiuula. Lot alii, w : Falirc Townsliip is situati'd on tlio oast side of Lake Tciniskainiii^'. wliidi Iutc forms tiic iutcrprovin- ciiil limimlary iH'twi'cii (iiicl ami Ontario. Falirc AVharf is ,iiirtv-(ii.'lit iiiiii's fnnii 'rcMiiskainiiii: station, on tlio Mattawa iiranl-ii of tlir Canadian I'aciti.' Kailway. at the outh't or sontii vnd of Lake Tcmi-kaiiiint; : or twenty niih's from Ilaih'yhury on tlic Tcmiskaiiiini;- and NurthiTii Ontario Huiiway at the licad m- north end is a L'''od si'rvit-e of stcainhoats lictui'rn tiicsc iHiiiits. Till' a<-i-omi)anyinjr key jihin sliows tlio rclativi' pisitiiiii of tlic area. liii. I. Kcif [ihiii sliiiiriiiii llu nJafirc position of Fahre and the other (/).v/Vi('s- Inferred to in tliis report. iii:i'i.iM;v UK I'Miiii; TdWNsiiii'. I I'll riling W'nrl. : Sir Win. L<>!:iiii iind ntluT ciirly explorers liiivi' imjmIc lirii'l" rt'l'i'i'iTiii' to the ".'coldirv of llic slum's of l-Mkc Ti'iiiiskfiiiiinsr. A sli>:litly wv uiniTiil iin-oimt is foiiiiil in the ivjiurt on tlif Tiiikc Tciiiiskiiiriini.' slu'i-t l)y Dr. .\. K. I'.jirlow. .\ fiiitluT rfport liy .M. K. \yilsoii. of llio (iccloL'ii-iil Sui-\iy of ('iuijiilii. Iiiis just liccn pulilisiud. ii \>yr- liniiniii-y I'dilion of llw iiiiip 1o i onip;iny wliicli liiiviiiL' ;iiro,iily liicii i-s'iioil lis No. iniiT. 'I'lio s.-iiiio iiifi riiiiitioii ri'visod li.is lifcn iiic'iiili'il ill iiiiip No. inci;. Tiio i;n'<_'iT s.-iilc iind irrcMti r dotiiil ciiiployod ill tlio pro'i'iit w i-k liiivc I'csiilti'd in I'liiiii'.Miiir n L'ood dcid of till' pnvioiis iii;i| .piii'j. I ut tin- in.-iiii coni-lusions nrc (Minliniicd. llllil.lOCHM'liy. ( icoloj.'-icil Siirvi'V of Cjilladii : - Ifcpiirt < f I'l-i'irrc-s. l>-l"i-tl. ( o'oldir.^ of ( 'Mll.ida. lSti-'>. liarlow. .\. i;. IJoporl (((;•_> with iiuip .")ll!>. r.iiriow. .\. v.. Siiiiiiiiai-y h'cport lIMif;. p. 11:;. Wils, 11. .M. i:. SiiiniMary Report VM^'i. p. •''!'. AVUsoii. M. K. IJrport liiCt. lltn. with m.-ip- liniT and 1im;i;. For till' Oiilario siilc of Lake Tcifi-kauiin'.' m-o; I'.iirnws. .\. (i.. on South l.orraiii. Ontaii'i lainaii of .Miiir-. .Viiinial Uoport. i:mi-;. pt. II. (:i:m:i:.\[. ciiauacteu of the distlht. Till' siirl'arc fi'jitiiri's cA' {''aluc 'rownsiiip arc d.'N,-ril>c'd hriollv as coiisistiiiu' of a -cries i:\' e|ay ilat--. out of which arise at intervals steep rii-ky hills. On the slcrcN of Lake Tciiiiskaiii- iiijr tile flats are not irreally above the level of the water, hut ^i!in'_' inland the.\- ri-e in IuvimI -tops until they reach the area of L'raiiitii- rock-, \vhere the di^laii'-cs hctv\ecii the hills hei-oiiiiiii: less, the iiiterveiiinir fluts die out. The hills. Iiotli on the lake slier'e and inland, .-ittaiii a >■( ineulial unifonii hciudit. so that the ri-e in level of tl lay I'at-. v hile allow iiiu' ureat relief and liiu'li hills on the shore, inland reduci's the relief and apparent heie-ht of the hills hy '.'irill'tej tl:"iii at successively hi'.dicr levels. In {leiieral there is a sharp liiu' of division lietween tin' clay flats v.licc no rocks are exposed, and the hills where jrood rock expo- sures are found. Since the day areas and r. ck areas h;ive lieeii ('istinu'nished separately, the iiiap will he found i|uite as nserul to the settler in indii-atiiiir the iioriions suitahle for enltivation. as it will l:e to the prospector ill indicatiiiir the p.rtioiis favoiii'alilc for his work. The soil of till' cla.v areas is iiiind to l-c very fertile and alread.v a considerahle )Kirtion of the town-hip has hoeti taken up hv settlers. In most eases the land is xcry readily cleared and 8 MINi:^ imvNi 11. |-H(i\l.\(K OK ^l KiiKr. broujilit undi'i' iMiltiviilii n. owiiit: to tlic successive forest iircs havinjr reiiiovcil the (riirinal lieavy ^rrowtli of tiiiilier, while the secdiiil that ((•■■Mpiis aiimst the whele of that iiart of Canada lyini.' in tiie Tn vinee of Queliec north of 1h(> St. Law- rence liivcr. The strip cf Lauivntian shown ;is cDntiniious on the south and east sides of the slu'ct. thus only re[)re-euts the niai'Lrin of a very i'Xteiisivi> area if these rocks. To the west anni' ri'latious are found with- in till' area of Falire. To llie siUlheast the l.aurciitian is alone ]u-eseiit. re is vci'v similar to that of the Tohalt .listrici di-crilcl hy W. (i. Miller." hut is fuller, since another lluroninii scries is |ircsciit. leit known at Cohalt. lirielly. a thickness of appr ximately 7.")0 led of slinlily disturh- ed Iluronian sediments i- liimd resliuir on an uneven surfai f K'eewatin ami I.aiirciiliaii iiriie us neks. Suhscqiicnt to the deposition of the lluroniiiii there luis I^mu an intrusion of diahase in dykes ami sills. In the I ml' inteival which has elapsed sim-e this intriisiiin. exli'usive eiisicn has produced the jiresent irrc- ^'uhir surface of Hie !;cd-r( ck IcpoL'r.-iphy. the valleys of which are now iiartly lilled hy the day ll;its which are a notahle l'eaturi> of the ilistrict. Kcf'i'otln : The oldest series in \\m- district, the Keewatin, c(;n-is(s (^r yrcciistone si-hisis. i.'ranodiiirite and diahase. In irelK'ral these I'ocks have heeii si|ucezed. and in some eases it is vci-y diflicult to tell what was tlii' oriirilial character of what are now schists. ^Oiiiari.i Imii-lmu ef Mill.'-, .\i.'^-.:;il l^'rnri. i'.o:.. pL 11. (iKol.iMlY or FMiUK TOWNSIIII'. J Lniin iilidii: Tin' Viii-iniis lypi's of Ki'cwiitin i ks liavo l)n>ii intriulcd liy ji ^'niiiitc witli its lUTOiniiiinyinsr dykes (if i|iliyry. ;i|>liti'. «'tf. Tlir inccliimii'iil iiKivciiiciits (Miniici-tiMl with this intrusion hnvi' |prohiilily Ih'i'II liirycly iTsponsilih' Uv \\u' ^nWi'/.iw^ of tlic Kecwatin riK'ks iihovc nicntioncd. Noiii' of the irraniti' nicks intnidc tlu' rocks of tin' Coli.dt scries. Frillowinj.' tlic i\ce\viitin and Lanreiitian is a succession of sediiueiits assiirncd to the Huronian .-nul represented liy tlirce st'rit's: — the Falire, Cobalt and F^orrain. Fdhn >''/■!>.<: Closely associated with the Kecwatin. and also somewhat s(|ueezed, is a thin sui-cession of con- gloiiierato. arkoso, quartzite and ^'reywaeke. which represent the lowest series of Iluroniaii found in the district. This series lies below, and is essentially dilV;'rent from the Lower lluronian descrihed liy Miller at Cohalt. and also well developed in Falire. The relations to the Laurentian arc less well known, the sedi- ments liein-,' older than some of the dyke-rocks and younjjrer than others. Cobalt Series: Laid down on a very nneven floor, is the series of coarse rounded eonjrlomerate overlaid hy preywacke, slate and arkose, the extension of the series called by Miller the Cobalt series, and by him referred to the Lower lluronian. In Fabre a dense j;reenish jTrcywacke of the Fabro series is found ])eneath the conglomerate with a distinct erosion contact. Lorrnin Series: The reddish arkose of the Cobalt series jiasses njuvards with slijrlit (if any) iineonforinity into tlie greenish more or less felspathi<' (|uartzites known as the Lorrain series. In the .'anda district the evidence of nn- eon''ormity is eonsidci'cd to be sutlicicnt, thou^'ii not superabun- dant. In Fabre the transition is srenerally inarkcd by thin beds of an an<;ular con'jrlonieratc repeated at frei|ucnt intervals in the (juartzite. An an<.'ul;ir cim^jrloiiierate jirai'.iuir upward into an entirely similar <:recnisli (piart/ite found in scvci'al places, bus been inappi'd as lyiiij,' between the Lorrain (puirtzite and i.ie Cob.'dt series. Vnsl.-UuriinidH Diriha-^r : In intrusive contact with all the above mentioned seri<'s is the dia- I'flse so well known as bein ,:. [W rij limit iiiii'iiiifonniti).) l'l!K-("AMIlIiIAN'. Post-1 Itironian Ni«i'r iii;ih,i-i- ;iml K'''''""- ( Ifiiii iiiia iiinltirt.) lliironian : TiOrraill Scries lal Arkoso ,iml i|ii,-irtziu>, lip 111 M>l> I'li-t Ihick. (hi .'.iiifiil.ir c-.iii^'lonuM-.ili', up to •'H) I'ei'l. (Slif/lit. if mill, iniCDiifnrniilii.) Cobalt Scries. (,ii Arkose. jjn'vw.ioki- ami slates, up to ."i.'!.'! tVi-t tliii-k. (b) RovMRU'ii i-oii;doiinMale. up to .">U IVi-t tlii»-k. (Distinct iniriiiifiirmitii.) Faltrc Series, t'oinprisiui; .ill si-iliuuMits oUI.-r lliaii the (.'oliall series. (,il Hrevwai'ko ami .irr.ipliilie selilst iip lo 10 feet llilek. (bl Seliislose ipiartzite, up lo loo feet thiek. (el Keerysialllzeil arkose, .atiu-mni nukiiowii. (ill Seliistose eoujs'loiiierate, up lo 'JIKI feet tliiek. d'lirouformilii.) Lalirentinil tir.inile .-uul allleil roeks, kuouii to be of several .iires, but not yet sub-iliviileil, beiuj; partly older, partly vouui^i'r tli.aii the I'abri' series. ( !i:,> iiu.'i rnnturt.) i i ^ KeCWatin Cranodiorite, intruding' the diabase; MMta iippa- reiilly the basement roek ; sehisis of v.irious origins .'iik! .'lijes, (Miol.'issified. 1\FE\\' ATI'S. Tlip name Kocwatin is hero ai>plic(l to a rather complex group of itrneniis rocks, all of which have been disturbed and more nr less metaiiiorphoscd. They form a unit in comprisinir all the rocks older than the intrusion of the granite and compose the basement or oldest series of the district. In a general Wiiy the Keewatin is found as a belt following the margin of the large granitic area of which the western boundary comes within the map sheet. Hov.ever. the relief ])roduced by erosioi is suificient to cut through the Post-Keowa- tin sediments and show occasional exposures of Keewatin roeks some distance away from this margin. The Keewatin rocks show a considerable degree of meta- morphism, at least a large part of which appears to be due to the effects of the granite intrusion. The district is rather small to show it conclusively, but as has been noted in other districts, ihe rule holds here that the Keewatin roeks show increasing iiietamorphism with approach to the granite, and that there is commonly a contact zone of schists. tir.m.oiiv or vwnn: ToWN.-iiir. 11 Thi! princ'ipiil tyiics cil' Kccwatiii nx-ks I'nuiul in Falni' aro fllalwsc, ied liy tlie diabase are found in tl;" disitriet eomiiriscd liy lots L'0-27 of IV. and tlie west- ( rn jicii'tioii of \'. S. iiud VI. S. Another ( urreiiee is on h)ts 7 and 8 Vll. X. In tlie liaiid siMM-iiiieii Hie diabase is ver.v (hirk laek, iisually ratiier coarsely crystalline, hut sliowinir only a h'W si of whieh it is mainly composed is one of the common ])roducts of met'imorphism. In several jilaces. notalil.v on lot 7 of VIT. X.. also ."> of V. S. the altered jiorphyritic variety of diahase known as lluronite is found. On lots 7, S and !». of V. S. tiie dialiase contains very lar^e amounts of magnetite, so much so that on lot a prospect I)it has been opened, apparentl.v to test it as an iron ore. Here the magnetite has a considerable amount of pyrite associated with it, and these two compose over three-quarters of some por- tions of the 1 k. In other places an acid differentiate of the diabase is found. Xcar the south boundary of lot !) of V. S. the rock is very coarse-grained, showing secondary hornblende up to an inch across, in poikilitie intergrowtli with saussuritizcd fel.spars. In a number of instances grains of pyrite and galena were noted, forming the core of the hornblende. Small amoimts of galena are also found in fissures in the rock. A similar variety of the diabase also containing small veins of galena is found" on lots 24 to 26 of IV. The Keewatin diabase is believed to be the oldest formation of the district. It is not found intruding any other rock, but is itself intruded by all the other igneous rocks and furnishes fragments to the Huronian. 12 MINK-i IlliWCII. I'HOVIXCK OK (ilKflKC. idote and ealcite, scattered through which arc the unaltered grains of ffuartz. As has already been mentioned, this gives on casual observation the effect of a (juartz porjihyry. and the rock has been no named, in some of the iirevious reports. The confusion iias been athled to by the fact th.it large an'as of (puirtz poriihyrics tio lu-vu: in the township north of Fabrc, but so far as knov n. not in Fabre itself. The distincticm is, after all. a mattiT of the grain of the rock, the <|uartz p(!rph\ y being the porphyritic surface e<|ui- valent of the even-granulai . coarser-grained granodiorite. \ 'n'ci. AssiKiF.n Kekwatix. It was found ])ossiblc to distinguish ajjproximati'ly three- quarters of the total area of Kccwatin as cither dialiase or granodiorite. Iiut the remaining (piarter has been left undivided, idthouirh bv careful work probably most of it could l)e similarly divided. As at present mainicd this unclassitied portion includes ul.nl. im;\ III' IMiKi: Tii\V\>lllI'. 13 liiitli iMiiiiplix ili!ilp;i«i' mill ufiiniulioiiti' iiri'iis niiil iilsu siiiiiU lIMIiilJllts 111' iitlliM" Vll'ii'tii's III' rni'k.s, Nllcll I'S llDl'lllilitlilr. t.'1'iTll- stuii' mill ..tliif mIi'i^In. iiiiil i'lli|)M>iil:i! j.'i-iiiiNtiiiiis. CniiiltJi X Arc'x: 'l"!ir iiiTii 111" Kri'Wiitin I'lii'ks 111) lilts "J-tl iif \ . ^. iiii-liiilrs tun |ioitiiiiis wlii.li uii'i' I'liimil tn 111' tiiii I'' iiipli-.s t'l Miliiliviili'. .\ hirtri' |i;irt finisivts ni' u'l'miii- ilirrili'. .vliiili. with vi ry liftiiili'il uiirk, mitrht [m^.'^ilily lii' iiiii|i- Jllli M|i.iriltl'l.\'. (Ml tllr imi'tllrl'll llilll' 111' till' illTM tllrfl' iU'r 11 iMliiil'i'i' ii! i;.>t-\M>t l>:i!iiN i:!' ty|iii-iil i'lli|isiiiil;il iri iistu'ii's, ii»M:i-iiitiii with ili'M-i' liiii'-L'fiiiiii'il u'l'i'iii^tmiis. .\ii iiri'ii sniMi'W h;it i-iiiiiliir to this hist is t'liiirnl I'l'iissiiii; hits 1M:! .if V. S. mill l.!-l.-. rl' \'. N. >'r/i/-ts ii'nl hiivr |w>t su iiiiii'h nl' tiiiir ni'iiriiijil fi'iitiiii's jis tn ri'iniri' it ilil'liriiit tn wnrk nut thrir iiritriii. On lilts l^'-lil lit' l\'. thi'i-r is M siiiiill iiriM nl' !iiii-i.'r!iiiii'il linriihh'iiili' si-hist ill iiitrii-iitr ri'Ialimi with ii iiinri' iiriil Viirii'ty of I'ii'k. Thi'si' wi'i'i' 1 1 I'll! Jill I, \- nriiiiiiiilly iliiih.-i^i' •■iinl iri'Ji'inilinriti'. (Ill hit -14 III' IV., hihiw till' mill, tin' iirwir i|iii!i;i.si' I'lits ;i litu'- fffjiiiii'il yri'i'iistmii' si-hist rniit.-iiniiii.' ilriiwii mit h'litiiMihir i-jivi- tii'-i liiii'il with. I'piiinti' Mini lilh'il with r;ili-itc. Xnthiiiir <-iiii In' s.'iid iilinut till' sniircc of tlii' schist, fiirthi'i' thiiii thai thin sec- tii:iis shun i'l'atiiri's liistiiii'tivi' nf ;;ii iiriirniis ri rk. Till' ari'a nf irrti'ii si'hists mi hits 7-l(i nf \'ll. X. appi'tirs tn liavi' lii'i'ii ih'i'iM'il fi'niii a ilialiasi'. At pi'i'siiit it is hi'jilily i-hlmilii', with I'aji'iti' in fnriiis siii.'iri'stiiiij: fnriin'r lalirailnrite laths. 'I"hi' K'rrWatill rnrks liavi' IiitII '^rnllpnl tnj^i'thcr I'hirll.v nil till' iri'wtiinls nf fiJi'iiiiiijjr that jiart of thi- hasriii'Mt •iiiiipii'.'c nlih'r Ihiiii till' irraiiiti' iiitriisini. Thi' lii'taiji'il I'viihiU'i' of smiii' nf till' ri'latiniis nf tlii' variniis ty|ii's nf rucks will In- Iniiinl taliiilati'il at the iiul nf tl:i' si'i'tii 11 nil till' Laiii'i'iitiaii. Il will In' .-i-ni that this cviili'iiri'. siippi'l'ti'il liy nthi'l' !.'rllrral I'lrM nlisrrv atinlls, is Sllftii-irllt tn lii'llli.Ilstrati' till' rrlatinlls nf liinst iif thr typi's. LAVHESTIAX. The Fabri' liiap-sln-i't .iiist ti;iirhrs tllr iiiirlhwi'sliTii friii'.'c nf till' iiiiiiii'iiM' avra nf Laiiri'iitiaii rm-ks that m-i'iipirs almnst till' wlinlc nf tiiat part nf Caiiaila lyiiiir to thi- |.;i-.t nf Falirc. iinrtU nf till' St, Lawri'iii'i' KImt. Siiicr the piirpn^r nf till' wnrk as spcrially the iiivcsti'-'atinli nf thr I'.striil ami ri'iiniinii' possi- bilities of till' I'nst-nui-niiimi ilialiasi'. cXMiiiiiiatinii was not iiiaili' of till' main Laiiri'iitinn area fartliiT than t mfinii the aliseiiee of iliahase. The -trip of Laiireiitiaii rneks siinwn as enntiniioiis on the south anil east sides of the sheet thus only represents the inarKin of a very extensive area of these rocks. Xot far outside the map-sheet a irneiss is fniind, hut nunc is known to occur in 14 xii.\i;< iiKwcii. I'Uitvixit; ok cji khkc. till' imrt iiuipiiol. Thf \v..rl< of Wilsdii. iilel's to lie tllO Biuiie sediments, in one ciise the sedii.ieiits are iiitriuieil hy fc'ninite, in the other they are yoiinirer tliiin the crimite. Tiiis he interprets as si^rnifv in.,' lluit tiiere are two ililVeniit ^'ranites. In the jireseiit report it is held mtlier tliiit the jrranites are tiie same hnt the sediments differ. The v'riinite is the iimuiI cven-jTraiiidar iiiiioerystjiliine eoarsp granitoid reek typieiil of the name. It is eoiniiionly of a (,'r''«nisli or frr.yi^ii eohmr. ii'ss otteii pink. Thill seelioiis show the granite to he composed of d(iniin:.-it alliite, with suliordinate ortlioehise, epidote, and ciiiorite a|)par- eiitly resiiltini.' from hornlilende. also (|iiiirt/ and accessory apatiti'. No traces of tlii' ori^'inat liornhh'iKh' were found, and the felspars also were iiiileli (h'coiiiposed. A lar-je numlier of dyke rocks of the <;ranitic class wore found, the foUowinj; vari"tii's heini; noted. — hiotite, and hornlilende un ni»e porpii.x rics: miisc.ivite s:ranite ])e;rmatite: liornlilendo sy- nite porphyry. 0\' these the syeni'e porphyry d.vkes are ii'iiii-h the more almndaiit. The relative a^'c as cstalilished hy intersections was found to lie, frranite the oldest, followed hy liornlileiide syenite porphyry, followed l>y liiotite !,'ranito por- pli.\Ty. In South liorrain a considcraMe area is found of a horn- blende syenite chiscly similjir to the dykes of Falire. It also is younsrer than the Keew;itin, and nia.v be the source of these tlyki'S. The jrranite and its allied dyke-roeks iire found to be younv'er than tiie rocks classed as Keewatin. The evidence is quite clear that the f^ranitie rocks are all older than the un- doiilitcd Cobalt series. The Fabre series, however, occupies an intermediate pesiti in. fra^'iiients of syenite porphvry are found in the cou>.doiiierate. but later <_'ranite porphyry dykes cut the praphitie schists. The following; table shows the relations from which the order of as;e of the Ke<'watin and I.aureiitian rocks was obtained, the liirurcs sliuwini; the number of oet-ur- rences observed. R O C K Cf T Cf r IIV > i i Z - ■j ,_ v>. ■ = 7 - -' — 'c * i"^ Z.r ?. ^"z. £■•? f~r - ^ w -t 11 iabasi . o II II (l raiiiKlioritc .... ■A ** I II raniU' • > •1 1 1 l> 1 •eiiitc piirpin rv. .■| 1 I I I 11 raiiitf porpliyry •^ 1 1 1 (1 ,;i:nl(>c,Y Of KMUtr. TiiWN-llll'. FMUH: SEUIKS. ir. Kalirc scrirs is tin' iiiiin.^ here pruiK-^ed f.ir ii i.'rnii|i of snli- iiii'iitiiry f.(rniiitiiiii> lyin,' iiiiiM.iilnniuil'ly Ih'iujiIIi tin- Culniit HTirs. The ci-i lirreliei's, x. t.ir lis known, iire riltller senllere.l. Mini there is still seine nileert;iillty lis tn the exnet se.iUellre jillil relilli.ms of till' niellll ers .1 the series. Ilevel'theh-s it 1* lielieve,! thilt til" slli-eevsi.li is !|s it hll-; illfeilily hec II -.'ivell ill tile tiihle of r thilt this series is |.rnliiMy re|.resente.| ill etlier (iistrietv. (SI iiilly tn the n.irth iiiiil •mrthi'iist ill Ontiiri" iiiul 'Jiie! ]),.irrll>lit (lll«l west lier.;ss the Oi'rin-n III; s llliiliHe el' the K'l cwjit ill eiiliililex I'oUlul (HI lilts -J tip .'i nf I!illti.'e V. Smith, is il lijliul III' rilther S(||iee/ei| enllL'Inlller.-lle. Tile folilltinll is pil I'illlel t'l the ^trikl■ jiinl dips to the n I'lh iit H')". Iieiiii: similiir t'l tluit nf 111." neiirhhciiriii!; si-liists. In phiies it .Mttjiiiis .-i wi-illi nf :{:2'> I'eet. On lilt :i the eoiiL'loiiieriite liMs 1 11 iMiilteil willi a hiiri/.iintiil • lispllleelllellt ol" 100 I'eet. The pJIste eelilelltill'j; the rril«liiellts is dark ^'reeliish. Vi'rv fiiii'-^rr.iiiied ehlorilie material, eintaiiis small anuilar -.'rains of i\\\-\v\'. and nerystallized felspar, and was ap|>arently depoited as a liind. The iinlllsidlis nnted were syenite pnr- idiyry, irranndiiiritc. i|iiai't/. with hematite, and iiiau'iietiti' sueh ns is fdiind MS hasie sei;rei;atii:iis in the Kei'watin dialiMsc. Tlio tiiest aliiindant fragments are nf the i.'ra!iiidii>rite. witli wliieh the ciiiiirliiiiierate is in iiiit.iet. On lot 2 a hand nf suiiiewhat rei-rystalli/ed arkisc is assiciated with the cnnirlomerate. The relatiniis nf the eiini.'li)merate to the adjacent Keewatin I ks arc nut clearly shown. Since, however, it I'nntains frairinents of hotli Keewatin" and r,aiirentiaii recks, and is thus dearly yoiiiiL'er than the rucks with \\liii-!i it is in ;tMet on Imth sides, it would seem to he either ilirolded or faulted. On the west front if the hill. riiiinin<_' di.'ifroiially across lots l:i-l.") of lJan'_'c \'. North. '.Iic^re is a similar tlioiii.'li iinicli s(|iiee/.ed conjriomeriile. On lots r>. rallies \. and VI. North, a schivtose i|iiartzite and "/reywai'ke occur apparently assncialed Mith this cniiLdomerate. and since they are on the main Iluro- iiiaii side of the Keewatin. pfesiiiiial)ly lie on top o. it. On lot l:i. raii^'e \'I. N.. heside the Upper dam on Ymuii'j:'s Creek, a few ch.-iins west of this last loi-ility, there is a small cxpisure nf irrcywacke which is jirohjihly the lateral extension of that just mentioned. The irreywacke is tine-'.'rained. sciiieuhat lianded i.nd eompi sed chielly of j',iie:ular jrrains of iniart/, with lesser amniiiits of felspar, scricite. chlorite, and in n ore. The ^rey- uaeke is overlain li.v the Cohalt eoiiL'loiiicrale. which has liotli a distinctly unconfonnahlc di|) and also contains pelihles of sjrcy- WM<-ke. IJl MINI- l!l(\MII. I'UiiMM i; i>K (jl KIIKC. Aiiiithcr ).'i (III i\|ii >iir.' nf |in'«iiiiiiilily tills miiiic ki"<'.vwiii'I<"' is IrlllKl III the -ll'li I I |,;i\ill|.'f llliy. IHIir till' llHIIItll "f l.iivjiJIiT CiiTJ*. liirr llii- <'i.liiilt ■■iiiii.'liiiiii'riili' ri»ls imyi.n- li irmiiM> I II ii liiif '.'rniiii'il u'l ni»h i.'rrywiirl III twiiii till' liips lit till' i.'rry\viii'ki' iiiiil tli'- !•! ii'^liiiiicrjitr, liiit till' i.'ri'ywiii'kc liiis a ilisliiH-t i'inM''il iiirl'iii'i'. siiriji''''. nr r imn MUM .n I uiu iim it-i-n*'- nuiii,* 1 1 (i-nii m -• ii'iiiii till' L'Ti'v wiirl;i'. Iiiit II li'U wi'ii' imtril iii'iir tli mliii-t. Till I'l' is i'i:M>iili'l'i|lili' ili\"l'sit> ill Ii itll llllli:llllt Jlllil ilil'i'.'tiiill lit' (lip ill crcywiii'ki'. r|ii)i siti' ili| s if Id" i ri'iii-iiii: vitliiii a ili'taiiri' III' ti'ii rli;iiiis. 'r.vo siii;ill ii'-iriHi'-. ts ■J and It (• iisivts lit' a lisNiJ]. hit'lily irrapliiiii- si'liist cxli'i'iiirly (nldril aiiil "itll T'-.v trai IS . r its (iriiriiial i-liai'arti'i . (Quartz is till' nil -t iiliiiiiil;:iit iiiilii'tal. (iiviii-i-iiiv' ill ilrawii out u'naips. also ill isi'lati'd aii'jiilai' '.Taiiiv. as il' piisxilily i;| rlaslii- uriiriii. A srrii'itii' iiiatrrial ainl irrapliiti' ti^^'i'tliiT rnnii a mat I'lirlosini.' till' ipiai't/. aiiil aUn li'>s aluiiulaiit iiiimrals as t'l'lspav mnl OFJitiKlY OF F\nnF. ToWNKllir. 17 mirn.iin.lirnf nx-kn. Tin- f\, i uiMil.iifinil |«mitii>ii <.l tli.-f <-i>n. irloiii.rHt.'s in not lit III! ii|)|mnnl. tli.mjrli it wnul.l m.iii |.r..l.iilil.' tliiit tiny npriMiit nMimiiiits of tlif Imsiil iii.'iiili'r nf tlif Huron- mil. which at onr tiiiii' ovirliiN thf jfrtfiistniic." "Tlnrf iin- hoiih- iniiirt/iti' r irkn iiniiul.il in thr Kf.wiitin jtri-nstoiifH whii-h niiiv iioMsildv ht- of s.-iliimntiiry oritriii. Kxiiiiiplcs ot" thin oiMiir ii >h«irt iliMiui •>' south of ih.- Ili'iul laiUiln on l{i\ iffc ih's tiiiiii/.-. iinil < n thf wmtli ^hoif of th.' shiiic riviT Iflow the Cvpri'ss ni|iiilH. " n. • i III South liOiTiiiii. oil thi' •v.st »ti.l«- of Liik.' I .iiiiskiiiniiijr. iMToss from Fiihr.'. >i irnywii' .iiitl.'riviiiif tiir Colmit .oiuflo- iii.-riitr. iin.l Mimiliir t:. that of tlu- Fahn- s-ri.s. has Im.ii notwl hy Uiirrows.* , , , , ., • i To NUiii up. it is fountl tliat uiicoiitoriiuiliiy tiflow tin- imwil .•onifloiiicrat.' of the Cohalt M't-its. niiil youiuf.'r than at It'iwt wim.' of the Lauri'ntian ilyk.' rovks. tlii-ri- is a stlustos.' .•oni.'lo- mt'ratc with sonic arkoM'. wliistosc i|uart/itt'. jrrtywackc anil ^'raphitit• schists, hut it is not known ilctinitdy whether this w the i-omplcte succession or even the proper se(|Uence of these locks. The unconformity of the Kahre series to the Colmlt series is shown Itv.— (a) ilitTeren )f attituiles; (Ik actual rosion contact with the overlyinjt liasal Cohalt coii«lomerate; !c) relative much urcater deformation oi the Kahre scries; ((i) jossihle intrusion hy jjranitic dykes in one can' and not in the other As will he mentioned atrain, an arkose pebhle eontaininff frajfiiicnts of a sedimentary rock found in the Cohalt coiikI iier- iite gives evidence of two unconformities lielow the Cohalt eon- (/loinerate. Considering the contact of the eonglomerate witii tlu? underlyin}.' (jrcywacke as heing one unconformity, then there must ho still older sediments lying unconforniahly hencatli the jrreywacke. COHALT SEHIES. Areal niappinR about Lake Temiskaming has shown that Mie two series called hy Miller the Cohalt and Lorrain series, extend into Fabre, and these names are therefore retained in the present report. The Cobalt series, eonsisting of a 'oarsc roundecl eonglo- inerate overlain by Rreywaeke. slate and arkose, is chietly dis- tributed in the northwest portion of Fabre. Just outside the township, to the north, still larger areas are found. Numerous small areas are found scattered through the central part of the map-sheet, but since they are generally more or less isolate«l and give no great vertical section, little was learned from them. For the portion of the map revised by the writer, the conglomerate has been seiiarated from the grey wacke, slate and arkose, but this ♦Burrows, A. C, Ontario Bureau of Mines, ISth .Annual Kept., pt. II., p. 24. IS MINK* iHUNrii. ruoviNi r. <>k gi kmkc. liDM nut lii'i'ti tliiiii- ill tlif n-iiiitiiiinir |"irtitiii nt' Kiilirf <>r in Noiith l.nrniin, Till" \»>t !«c-ti< n it" IIm- «'i.|iiilt ..riv^ is Ixiin.l nu tin- hIioh' ..f I iil;c Ti'iiii>ki'iiiiiiL'. 'iiiitli of I.iiviill.'.' Hiiy. Ilfn- ii tliirkiU'** • if In in till tn tin I'i'i-t ot" iMiiiifl'HiK'nit"' i* t'liiiinl lyiiiir tin iin tfudiil Mirli if the ilt'iisr in'iv\Mnl-i' of till' Kiilii-f sfrirx iiii'n- liniiil nliiiM'. Tile n iiirliiin'rnli' i-* iiukIi' up ol' iri'iuTiillv vt-ry ■til nuiiiiliil friit'iMtnts viiryiiiL' in >i/i' fnmi fiirlil iin-lifs iiiTtws (liiuii til lint' «-iiiiil. Aniiiiiu' tilt' inilii«.iiriis win' nutftl liitrnlilt'iitlf, liitititf iiiitl iiiii-fiivitt' i.'riiiiltfs ii« tiif iiicist ftiiMniiin: ni'Xt trninitf- jiiir|iliyiy iiiitl i«iiiiiliir tiykf i ks, tlifti i;niniMlitiritf. viiritiiis mitlftt'rminf.i L'rf'nsttnt'M, a nimilifr i<( tin' muli'i'lyinif irrt'v- viK-kf. iiiitl h'stly iiiii' iif iirkiwf. Tlif iirktisf |itlili|t' is iititt'wurtliy l.fc.iiisi' it i> jiiirlly iiiinlf tip »( fnit'iiifnts ttf n still tildiT tri-i'v- \Mii'kf crtisitin. ami the (It'tritus fiintainiiuf frau'tiit'tits whifh tlifuisi'lvis hultl rtninants (if this still iihltT tlftritiis. has funiit'il thf funt'lnnit'ratf antl titluT ilepiisits tit" till- Ttihalt sfrifs. This trnt- pi'tililf hy itsflf ahmi' irivcs I vicli-ni'i' tif twii crtisitin unt'tinfiiniiitit's. Ctmsidfrin^ thf untlfr- lyinfi (.M'fywafkf as u'ivinif tnic unfonftirinity, thon this pi-hlili' (itii's tt> shtnv that thci'i' must hf still tiltlrr scditncnts lyins; Miiiicwhfri' unfiinfiirnuilily ln'iifath *hf jrrfywai'kt'. Sot^mini.'ly sctlinu'iitary pi-lililfs vort' fmind in thf funirlo- meratf at Colialt. hut thty wii-f ftinsidfrttl liy .Millfr* to h<> of ilfiiftius Dfitjin. siiii-f tildcr M"liiiifnts wiTf imt kimwii tn tiffiir. 'riif matrix nf thf ftiiii-'ltniifratf varifs, frtuii iltiniinaiitlv n fiiif-iu'niini'tl tlark-irrffii fhlnritif material tt> an arl with n Miiall iituttiint tif ilark iiiatfrial. In t'l'iuTnl thf fiiiiulnnifratf >tivfs a iliirk fidiiur flTtft. A very strikinu' feature is thf faft that in plai-is thf fi]m.'li:nifratf may hf tlf>:frihfil as a itroy- wai'ki' fDUtaininir ti'iasitinal laru'f pcMilfs. whifh pfi-iiliarity has cartifd ftir it thf nan f •'slatf" ftmstltimfratf, nscd hy thf cnrlifr ufnltit'lsts. (Jtiinir upward- hy a u'railual and pvrn sutlden diminu'itm in thf niimlur tif pihlilfs, thf fiinsrlmnfratf passes into an a.kiise. The nrkusf is tint' jiraiiifd and varifs from a jrreenish Rray eolonr to a ]>inkish trray. Thf hfds are from six nrtin>r. On a tliifknfss of over 1;?.") feet of this nrkose rests a hand, one foot thirk. of a jnirple slate. The slate is eomposftl of vory fine angular trrains of tpiaitz and felspar with plates of serifite antl i-hlorite in parallel arrantrenient. The slatv eleav nue is vf ry imperfet-t. Ahove the slate there is sixty-five feet of nrkose similar to that below, hut this is follcwoi by J30 feet of •Ontario Hiire.iu Mines, iHth Annu.il R.'porl, pt. II, pp. 4S-4it. (IHI)IIHIV III I'MIUK TiiWN-'llll', i:t i'iiiir».' Ii.'iivv lii'il.lfil |.iiil(i-li iiikii'*!', ■•"iituiiiiiiv >»c-ii'.iMniil lliiri mncli.tiii rut"- liiirnU, iiiul t'linnind tlif l"|' '••' '••'' I''"- '""'' M't'tit'ri thus ^\i»\\s a tliiikn<'»« .tiiitl|<'rii iinruiii «( tli nu'loiiii'iali' ri'Mtiiijf on coarMi' Laiin-iiliaii uniiiilf. A vit.v Hliikinir iValiin' !• till' |iri«ii'iiir ill till' iMiiii-l'iinirati' of a iiuiiilifr «( lintiiiti' iiinl irri'i'iiHli'tii' ImiililiTs ii|i to llii'fi' t'i'ft .•ii'i'iiss, III ihr ai'i'MH IViiiiil ill tlif iioriln'rii part. Ill iiu'loiiirniti' iillaiiis a iiiiH'li vniitir iliiil iii'»i«. rvni up to lil'ly I'itI. .Ia«p."f i>iiii otIiiT in^ii raiii.' ■ pil'lili* ai I« « tiioi'i' ■■oimiii.ii to lin' imrtli. tlioiiuli iiouhciT viT.v almiiilafit. ArkoM' rn.L'iia'iitH wiTi' iiotnl ill 111.' n iit'loiii iMli' I n 1-1 * I r Nil!. N.. al«o Ki ami 1:1 "!' VI. \, Oil lots 111 ami 11 of rail'-'.' VI. .\. tl iiu'loiiMiMtr n\.f. 111'!* an aiki.M' ^iiiiilai- li. that usually I'miml iiImivi' Hi.' .•niii.'lo- ii'i-rnti'. This was iiitirpri'ti il as lifiiii.' a npi'titiiii of tin ii- I'loMiiTali', till' lou.T liiils I'l'im,' prol.aliiy n-pi.-ciiti'il liy Hi" I'.xpiiMin' alioiit lilti'iii iliiiiiis lo ilic iiofili. wlii.li shows tln' piopiT ilip iiml stiiki' fur that pisitioii. Till' Colialt Tfii's is foiiml ri'stiii'_' iiii-iuifi'iiriahly on various l.Mun'iitiaii ami Ki'i'watin rorks, also cr.'.vwa'ki' of tin- Fahr.' M'rii's. Hi'tuc.'n tlw Colialt s.'rirs ami that mxt yoiiii-.'i'r, tlu' l.orrain sorii's. tliiTi' is litll.'. if any. iini-oiiforiiiity in Fahn'. In till' Colialt ami (lowyamla distrii'ts tlim' is l.i'licv.il to 1»' an iinroiiforiiiily. J.OllUMS SEUIKS. I This si-rii's I'oiisists almost I'ntin'ly of «|iiart/ili . hut with a small aiuoiint of i-niiu'loiiiiTati'. lyiii'.' with sliizht if any iiin'on- forniity on tlw arknsi' of tin' Colialt scrii ■;. Tli'- si'iimnrc is shown in tlio oi'i'iirri'in'i's on lots :!() ami :i". also 4:' lo 4ti of Hani.'" il. (iiiiiiiT iipwai-ils til'' pinUish nrkos,. uf th.' C. halt Mcirs < hantri's raflwr smlth'nly t<> th'' yillowish irnrn frlsi liif i|U.irt- /itc of the Lorrain. ♦hi- traiisilinii hriiiL' luai'lo"' hy raihi'r niiiiii'r- oiis sliirhtly ronu'lo rati<' hamls. 'I'lif pi'hhh's of tlirsr Uamls I ri> ri'iiiarkalih' in luinir for tlw most part anL'olar iiiiartz. with I'.'c-asional .iaspiT frajriin'iits. Thi' sn-tion on lot 4r> of Hanci' II ^;i^•|'s 4IHI fi'ot as a jiartial thirknt'ss for tlii' i|iiart/.it('. On li ts 1 to t; of Haniri' V. S.. thi> K '.'watin ari'a has lyiiii; on it in several jihu'cs. a i'..iivlonii'rato whirh rapiilly sradi's iipwarils into a j;i nisi; iniart/.iti'. of i'Xa>tly siniihir I'haracti'r t.) thrit just ili'si-rihi'il. Tin' I'onirloiiioratc rmisists wholl.v of M.^iilar inati'i-ial. ihii'tly ili'i'i\('(l from thi' adjacent umli'i-lyinji milks. Thi' uppi'r portion of thi' Ki'i'watin has W^-n liroken into lart'i' anirular hlocks as iiuii-h as livi' fi'i't ai-ross, wliii-li. liavinjr hail tin' inti'rsjiai-i's fillcil with tlu' ipiart/ saml. now fcnn til" lowi"it jiortioii of thi' I'onirli'im'ratc. fioinsr upwanls the anpulor frnjnnents diminish in si/.o till almiit fifty I'l'i't aliovi' 20 JIINK-; HRAXII, I'ROVIXCE OF (ilEBEC. th«' base tlicy nro entirely Incking. and tlip eon(ili)meiiito grades f'vor to a (|i!artzite. On lots 7 and H of V. N. the extension of llie eoii^rioiiienite overlies a dark coloured arkose or preywacke. Consideriiij; the very strong; similarity of the (|iiart7.ite and, to n h'ss deirree. the anjiular nature of the eonjrlonierate, it is l)( lieved that these oecurreneos belong to the Lorrain series.. A somewhat eomparable oecurrenee. neai Ville-ilarie, not far to the north of Fabre, has ))»en described b.\ Harlow.* There the typical (|iiartzite is found to be derived from the decomposi- tion of a jrranite in i>lace. On lot 7, Kanjf" V. \.. the angular conjrlomernte. similar to this last, is found lying on toj) of an arkose. Another occurrence is on lot .')•"), Range IV. SE\V?:i{ DIABASE AXD GABBRO. The "newer" diabase is so called in distinction to the older Keewatin diabase. The name gabl)ro has been applied to the very coarse ])hases of diabase, but since the ophitic texture is also shown by these coarse varieties, this is an impni|)er use of the term gabbro. Nevertheless since the term is in common use amongst prospectors and others, it seems advisable to retain it for the i)resent. The newer diabase occurs in a large number of small, more or less isolated patches. Considering these in a broad way, it may be said that the diabase is distriljuted in two belts, one roughly paralleling the contact between the Iluronian and the older rocks, running diagonally across ranges 11., III., IV., V. S., and V. X., the othi-r following the shore of Lake; Temiskaming and occupying the points between Fabre wharf and liaie de I'Africain. The petrographic study of the diabase rocks confirmed the general facts brought oiit by more detailed studies of geologists in othci- neighl>ouring districts** In hand specimens the diabase varies from a fine-grained greenish black rock, showing a ferromagnesian mineral penetrat- ed by laths of a greenish yellow felspar, to a very coarse-grained reddish rock showing a network of ferromagnesian individuals in a background of dark reddish felspars. In thin sections it is found that the diabase is generally very much decomposed and it is only in a relatively small number of •Geological Survey of Canada, Vol. X, 1S()7, p. Ift.'i, I. **Details of the petrography of the diabase may be found in the following' articles : Barlow, A. E., journal of the Canadian Mining Institute, XI, HIOS. Bowen, N. L., Journal of the Canadian Mining Institute, Xlt, IU(K4. Journal of C.eology, Vol. XVIII, lltlO, p. 6,"),S. Collins, W. H., Economic Geology, Vol. V, 1910, p. ."..IS. Hore, R. E., Canadian Mining Journal, April l.">th, liKXt. Economic Geology, Vol. VI, p. .ll. i;i;nl.ii(;v tyy I'vum-: ToWNSIllI'. 21 siiiirs tliiit tlir firiiTiiiJil iiiiiiiTiils rciiiiiiii sullicii'iitly fresh lo lie ri'iM,<.'iii/.c(l. Tile fresh liiediimi-iri'.lilled ri.ek is e(JllllMise(l ehietlv (if ei|llill iniliUints (f hlljze illlj:iti'^. Jiml fels|ii|l's whieh pi'Iletl'llte the M'U'ile. Ill lesser (|ii,iiitity is (|ii;irlz, ehiefly iiiterijrouii witli ;.'ls|iiir. A|i;itite, tit;illile. liiMClletile illlil [ivrile jil'e fdlltlil iis iiceessories. The felspiir \v;is fiiund to he il hnsie l;ihi'ii(|i)rite. The eiiiirse viiiiety. profrressivel.v eonrser. with u li'iinsition into red roek. this heini: typieiilly developed us eluse ils 1.") or 2)1 feet from the eiintiK't. .\t niimeroiis other loi-idities simihir rehitions were ohserved. thollfrh it is only infreqil.'Iltly tllllt iletllld eontilets ciin he .seen. On lots 21 iind -2-2 of II . iilso 2!l iind .!() of IV.. the oe.Mir- icnecs show line-y-rjiiiied diiil iise in the iiiiirvniis iind lower purts iind slleees-ively red roek irud ilplite toWiirds the middle iind iliu'her. There seemed to I.e il pl'ojrressive verticiil 1,'riidiilion from line-irriiined diiihiise helow. tlirou}.di red rm-k to ii typieiil ilplite (,n top. Siiviri stiiiir ji further step or I'xtreme limit, it Viis iiiited thiit the ilplite of tile second lociilitv showed irreiriiliir spots ot ciilcile siiiiiliir to the viiu's found in the red rock. Similiir occurreni'es in other districts hiive heen iiscrihed iis due 1(1 either iissiiiiiliition v\' oxcrlyinfr sediments or to dilVereiitiiition of the dillliiise.** The writer considers tllilt the evidence fiivours (lilVereiitiiitjiiii. .\plite dykes iin nicst iihiindiint in thi' diiihiise of the occurrences (ill the lilke shore. (ielleridly they iire line-u'rilillcd iind of il liriL'lit pink ceh.iir. Some show pockets i)f ciilcite. iind in iiciirly nil, pyrilc mid chide. ipyrite iirc nitlier iihiindiiiit. The liirirest dyke noticed Imd ii iiiiixiiiiiim width of IS inelies. A consideiiihle lllimher ii\'eriiye six inches thick. The reliitions of these l.vpcs of rocks iiiiiy he u'cllenili/cd iiH 'Hcwcn, N. 1... Journal el' lli-cloirx . Vol Will. ;H|0, p. ll.-,s. Collins, W. II., i:.'oiioiiiK- i;i-oloL;y. \ol. \', r.llO, p. XiS. 22 .MINKS HliWClI, l"Iii)VIX(E OF QIKUKC. Itillows: In MMiilI (lyki's and at the iiiar<:ins ot' larjii-r masses liiii' }.'riiiiii'(l dialiiiM' is rniiiid. (joinjr inwards from the contact till' j.'riiin licccmcs [ircirri'ssivcly larsrcr: if tlip iiijncMJiis liody is siirtii'iciitly lar^rc, r.'d niclv is toiind. with wiiicli aplitc is asso- ciated, ill e(iiii|ileiii('iitary tlujii^'h relatively siiiall (jfoportion. Vile ajilite and red r(.i-k are dilTerentifites (if the iirivfinal dialiasc iriMLMiiM. Ml st e( iiiiiH nly the aplite is fnimtl in dykes cutting tile dialia^e. In some cases the ilialiase h;!s difj'erentiatcd into hori/eiital layers, with red rock lielow and aplite on top. The (i]ilite dykes are closely associated with the silver ores in tin; various .Montreal River districts, and it is lielicved that the silver-hearinjr minerals ditlVreiitiated trom the diahase at the .same time as the aplilc. and that they were carried into the veins where they are now toMiid. eith(>r directly liy the aplite, or liy tlu; lieatcd waters known to lie also present. I'oDii of f:ilru--i'iii : Kxamiiiation of the map slinws a large niimlier of i^etached occurrences of dia- hase in ran-is IV.. V. S., V. X.. ai.,i VI. X. In general these rise from twi'iity to tifty feet alcve the clay flat. The lower jiortions (;f tlu' dialiase are tiner-gr'ained than the uiijier parts, in several cases very markedly so. The nearhy oiit<'rops of the other roeks. chiefly Keewatin. also rise very little ahove the clay. The small outcrop of arkose in the northwest corner of 4 of VI. N. lies at a lower level than the adjai'ent diahase. and shows considerahle recrystallisation. apparently due to heat. A ri<1ge running across lots 7-1(1 of V. S., and X. X.. is considerably higher than tliese other occurrences. The central higher portion consists of a mass of diabase, with outcrops of Keewatin and Huronian showinu' on either side near the foot of the slopes. The broad area of Keewatin rocks at the south end in V. S. forms a low Hat- topjied I'idge from which the diabase rises abruptly, as if it had formerly covered the K v.itin but had been striiii)ed l^ack. At ',he s<:uth end of lot 7 of \'l. X. the dialiase has a vertical cniitaet with the Huronian. This may be oni' wall of a dyke, but .iudging from the general distributii n of the diabase it is believed to be merely a local intrusive crossing of the bedding. A brief consiiiii', 23 UTiuliitidii (Idwii to the uiiili'i'lviii!,' rock, wliich in smni' casfs is iu'tiijilly cxiiiscd. Tile irriiiti of tlic rorU. Imwi'vcr, is coiimioiily f)iiit(> ciiiirsc and not at all f/lassy, aiTiytrdiiluitlal or scoviai-t'ous, altlKiML'li it irmst 111' lioriii' in niiinl that thf oriv'inal mipcr and [idssilily scdi'iari'ous jsiirtai-c may liavc hfcn ri'iiiovcd. In favdiir oi" a >ill is tile fact tliat lai-irc masses of sediments, siidi as those on till' lots around 2') and :!7 of II., :iS of IV., and L' of VI. N'.. arc not oid.v 1;:|)(Pf.M'a))lii(ally hi<.'lier than the dialiase occur- rences, hut the |iro,teetion of the present altitude of the lieddin^ indicates that the diahase was f illf\\( If. l'ltn\l.\(K (IK (^rCHlCC. ill iill stii'.'cs rrciii rcliitivi'ly liiri.'i> rriij:iiiciits down to tliose tliiit I'lm into ii iticrc strciik oi' iiiiiti'riiil si'piirjitinjr tlic felspar crystiils. The fclspiirs arc rclfitivcly more jicid than in the normal dialiasc. aiid tlic tViToiiiai.'iH'sian iiiiiHTals iwo present in Very small aiiinnnts. Aii.itlier reatiire of the dialiase at this ideality is tlie prevcnee of irreirular uiasses of ealeite an iiieh or two aeress and i-ontaininu: oi' siii'remided liy pyrite. ehaleojiyrite. reddi>-ii felspar and s( m,. ipiart/. There is no variation in the U'raiii di' the imi'a sm-roundiii!.'- these masses, and they are eon- sideri'd 111 l:e iiia'.'matie se^rreL'atioiis of the satiii' type as the apiite veins. Two ir three ehaills to tlle west el' the eontaet there are nnmerons Mocks of dialiase ei iitainiii^' veins and evidently derived nearhy. The veins are reiiiarkaMe in tieinjr eoiiiposed of a heavy crust of axinite next to the walls and tilled with ealeite stained wilii eolialt hioc m. Tl iily other vein of this type found, cits the Keewatin in tlie east drift of the ii'ain shaft on lot ;! of V. N. This hicalit\- around the south end of 7 of \'l. \.. would Well repay ei;nsideralile further study. Ciirri hilhni : The dialiase and calihpo helonir to the same seri.'s of intrusions as tiiose associated with the silver- eohalt ores u\' the Soulh l,.irraiu. Colialt and the various .Mont- i-eal Kiver ilistriets. Owinj.' to this economic iiir-irtaiice the dialiase has receixed a irreat deal of attention I'' ooth miners and jr'"'hiirists. The result has licen to sho'- ...r occiirri'iic's of this same t.vpe of dialiase are extremely almndant thron<.'hi.ut that part of Ontario lietweeii r.,ake Temiskamii.jr and the ;.'reat ((evelopmeiits of Keeweiiawaii diahas' around l.ake Superior. AVliile no detailed jietroirrapliie study of the relations of ih -sv' Mirions dialase cccurii'iices has been made, it is. however, jreiir:-- all.v accepted that they all lieloni; to the same ^feiieral intrusion. The reasons f(,r this lielicf are: the distriliution throii'jhont tliis are;i of (iccurrences of one t.vpe. which occurreiices are similar not oiil.v in their liroail features hut more especially in the details of difierentiaticii : the intiusives are of thi' same air- in so far as l;ein^ its later ajre was (iiiite satisfactorv. liKnl.udV DC KM!«r. ToWNr-IHl'. — • (LAYS, s.wns ASP ai.'AVHr.s. Of tlic in'fii iiiiliciifiMl (111 tlic iiiiip iis ••(•lays, siiiuls iiiul jrrav.'ls," j.niliiilily ww iiiiifty-tivc |iy cljiys. FiT«^lily "cxiiosiil scctiiiiis of tin- surfiici' tlfp.isits arc raiv. luit liy piecing tusrctlicr fra^'iiiciitary iiifDriiiatioii from vaviiHis cxpiisiircs. a fairly tinod idi'a of tlw coiiditioiis may be olitaiiii'il. Oil Voiinir's Crc-'k in Haiiirc VII. N.. on.' of tlif few s-'oo,! sections sliows twelve feet of unassorted lionlder i-lay lyin<^ on lied-roek. followed l)y al".ut thirty feet of stratilied elay The lM)ttoiii layers of clay are al'out four iiiehes thi<-i<. hut in atiout ten feet lij. wards tliey liave decreased to an average of lialf an inch. In otiier h)ealities lioth thick and thin hiyers are found, hut it niav he said that in ■rciieral the stratitication of the clay varies from one iialf to ahont (me inch. From stream cut Imnks it is found that the elay reaches a thickness of forty feet. At various i)oints alons: the rocky ridfro crossing; lots 8 and !• of V. X. and V. S., there are ahundant hieal deposits of trravel upparcntlv oecupyinsr the minor hollows of the rock surface. Near th. west eiid'of lot :i2 of ill., road hallast has lieen ohtained from a deposit of cross-hedded sandy firavel, which seems to underlie the elay. The top of the hill on lots 25-27 of II., ly the lakeshore. is larfiely occupied hy deposits of boulder till. In numerous other places sand and pravel were found on the lull tops, while clay frirdhnl the foot. Observations made in a num- ber of eas(^s, but not sutliciently widespread enoufrh to be con- iirmatorv, go to show that the stratified elay has not been deposited in Fabre at heif.'lits sjreater than !.')() I'cet above Lake Temiskaming. Summin'r up the rather insuflficient information, the ecjnelu- sion is reached that the bed-rock, at all levels, is overlain by irrejriilar variable deposits of unassorted till, sand ov -rravel, on top "of which up to a level of about ].')0 feet above Lak(> Temis- (aminL', is a deposit of stratified clay varying in thickness Irom nothimr up to o\-r forty feet. Wells and s[)riii}rs issuin<.' from the clav, fuller mention of which will be made later under "water re aurcos," confirm the pivs.>nee of a porous straluiii beneath the elay. (OUIlEl.ATloy WITH OTIIKI! DISTUK'TS. Kicwafiii : The rocks which are •rroui>ed as Keewatin corres- l)ond in position, in •reneral litholonical character, f.iid in their disturlicd ccndition to the Keewatin as delined by the International Conimittee on nouwnelature. The Keewatin locks of Falire are closely comiiaraiile with those of the South Lorrain. Cobalt and (Jow!.Mii(la districts. In these other districts the various types have not been mai)i)ed separately, but appar- 26 JIIXKS IlliWcll, I'H(IVI\(K (IK (ilKIlKI', "ritly ill KiihiM' tiic ccijii'm' i.'niiiinl vjirictics iin> rcliitivcly imii'li iiiKfi' iilumd.iiil. It wjis fiiiiiiil iiossihlc til (listin<.'iiish iipproxi- iiuitcly tlircc-(|iiai-l('rs of tlic totiil iin.n of Kccwiitiii as citlicr (lialiiisc or vraiKidioritc. and ]iy i-arcfiil work jirohaMv most of the ri'inain.lcr could lie similarly divided. Tlicri' arc a few ri'lativoly small occiirri'iii'.'s of otlicr rocks, siicli as lioriil>k'iide, {.'ivcnstniic and itlicr schists, and ellipsoidal iri iistoncs. The (Mipsoidal '.M nstoiics arc closely comparalilc '.vith those of the A'crmilioii district of ^liniiesota. LitKniititni: The term Laiircntian has l)oen eniidoyod in the present repcrt for srraiiilic rocks of the liaseincnt eoiiiplcx, Imt which may possihly he intrusive into some of the sediments of tlic Falirc scries. Ilitronimi ■ The term TTiironian for Fahre is applied to a '.'roup of tiirec sedimentary series separated hy nneonfoniiities. at least two of which series rest niiconformalily on the Laiiri'iitian. The iiiidi,.c and upper series are the direct lateral extension of the Cobalt and Lorrain series, descrihed by ^liller in the Cobalt district and also found to extend westward at least as far as the (iowsraiida district, and northward nearlv to T,akc .Vbitibi. Sci.miin:ly on the liasis of litholo;ry the Colialt and Lorrain scries have been correlated tentatively "by .Miller as Lower and .Middle ITunmian: hovvever. the comparison with eitlier the Siidlinry or original Ifiironinn district is not close. The discovery of the Fabrc scries beneath thes(> other two shows that they are more likely .Middle and t'piier. There art no striking,' features in the Fabre series eitiicr, to form a tiasis of correlation. One irreat diffci-enee betAveeu the j;eneral sueeession of Fabre and that of the ori!,'inal Iluronian area, is the complete lack of limestones in the former. Fahrc l^crics -. In a number of places outside of Fabre Town- ship, occurrences of sediments have been cleseril)ed, with special mention of their greater deformation in comparison to the relatively unaltered Colialt series. In addition to localities described by others, tile writer, diirinsr the course of various reconnaissance trips, jiarticularlv in the country borderinsr the Hudson Hay-St. Lawrence divide, to the north and northeast of P'abrc, has also observed a considerable number of these occurrences. The relative jiosition of the areas to be dcscriiied will be seen by reference to Fijr. 1. on jiagc 6. Mention has been made of a prranitc cuttinfj a frreywacke in the townsiiii) of Laverlochere. whiJi ad.ioins J^ibre on the north. The description is not very clear, but susrecsts clearly that the frreywacke may bclonsf to the Fabre or other series older than the Cobalt series. (*) (*) Wilson, M. E., Geolotfiial Survey of Can;id.i, .No. Illll'. -* III til., vi.iiiitv .if Tfal.l'it iiiiil Kiii-'l.' Ro.-k liiUcs. iiriir Li.k.' Tciiiiiu'iiini, th.'tv is I'omi.l n mii-'li I'rMrtiiiv.l .iimrt/.it.- i,ssori:it.'.l witli Lrni'iistciics , •111.1 n'l'i'iTi'd til till' Ki'cwiitii). (') l-'ri.iii iiinnnntinii in a priviit." ivi'"i't it :t\t nnn i^' l.al:.' TiMiia-aiiii tliiTi- is pivMiit '.ni'it ii.'t tw.i, H.rii's i.r siMlimiMts ..l.liT than tlw Culialt s.ti.'s. It is nut.- w.ii'tliy Hint thi'M' .oiilMin Imnils of liiiicstnni', ami in i^art at li'ast ari> i|iiit.' s.-liistus.'. In til.' I'oiviii.in.' .lis(rii-t D.'i'ur s.)iii.> liiu'lily s.-liistosf -nvy- ^va.•k.• sjiiti's aii.l i'..iiu'liiiiii'i'at.' Iiii.inir tli.' snmi" strike and Cnhalt s.th-. whii'li is also jircscnt. ExtondiiiK to the cast ..I' Lako Opiisatica. an aiva ..t ov.t two hundivd s.inair iiiih^s is ...•ciipi.Ml l.y iii.'taiii..riihns...l .inarl- /iti's and ai'k. SI'S f.ir wlii.'h tlu' nam.' "Tontiai- sMiists has I „ ,,i-..p"><'«l. '"""^ ''''"•■^'' "'■•^ oviTlain uni-i.nfoniuihly l-y tin' r.ilialt si'i-ii's and aiv intnidi'.l l.y a u'raniti' and v'li.'iss On S.'als llniii.' 1-ak.'. I'artli.'r t.) the n.irth.'iist ot this last aiva. ami proi'iihlv its lateral .Atinsioii. tli.'iv is a .•.msidiM-ahl.' .!..vi''l..piiH'!it National Trans.'i.ntini'ntal Railway crossinu' ovi'r ili.' Harriramiw rivi'r. m^ar tlii' mitli't of S.'als Ili.mi' lako iui.l also t.. tlw northwest on the NawapitiM'hin iivr 'The ahove deseriptions, .•hicdy of loi-alities in a northerly direetion from Fahre. sli.iw fairly elearly that there is an im- portant s.'ries of sediments oUler than th.^ Col.alt series, ami at 1: ast su-rs-'ests that the Falire series may attain i|Uite a .'onsider- iihh' development. In a southerly direeti.m it is niiu-li more diflieult to draw- any eomparisiins. sinee the horizon marker used ahove, namely the fohalt series, does not extend for more than a short distanee. However, certain broad parallels ean lie drawn whieli indieate a possihlo eorrelation. It is foiin.l that to the south of Falire there is a serh-s of extremely metamorphosed sediments, proliahly out- liers of the (irenville series, (piite eomparalile to the Pontiae sehists to the north. Crystalline limestone of the Grenvillc series has heen report- ed tn-iii the east side of Lake Kipawa, about :?0 miles to the southeast of Fabre. Near -Mattawa. about 100 miles south of Fabre. there is an area of sedimentary {.'neisses eontainintr eyanite and such like (*) M.ir^cinal ixite on Map No. .V.KI. C".oolo>;kal Siiivoy of Caiiaila. (*»)Soe mar^final note on Map of tlu- Pori-upiiie Gold .Area, Ontario Bureau of Minos, I'.tlO. (»*»)\Vilson, M. E.,GeolOKioal Survovof Canada. Summary Kept. 1!H)!», p. Id. 2« Mwr.-i mnxcii. i-hovinck ok qikhkc. iiiiniTiilx. ami wcsfwiird iilonir the Miittiiwn livtT h< .•■ml Kiriirrvtii-cs if crystiillinc liincstdiifH. Ill till- Siiflliiiry district the (ildcst scdiiiicnts jiavc l)icii very 'iiiifii rjii'tiiniiir|iliiis)'<|, Kiviii^ rise to st'condiiry iiiiniTKls, siicli as staiiriilitf. The (ircnviilc si'rics. as typically developed in tlic Bancroft- linlilMirtoii mvas. some one liiindi-ed and tliirty iiiiles sontli ot .Miittaua. coii^ixts of a very yreat tliicite a stroii>f similarity lietwceii them, if not some irrounds for correlation. They all lie on the mai'^Mii of the same immense area of (rranite ancl (gneiss, than which they are older in most, if not all eases. They exhihit in ffeneral a much greater desree of iiietaiiiori)hism than the next followinjf sediments, the Colialt series, wherever the latter i> present. The chanfre from dominant limestones on the south to fra^'lnental sediments on the north, appears to he well ex- ltlaine(l liy a (gradation such as would ohtain on npi)roai'li to n shore from deep water conditions. At the |)resent time we have to leave this correlation as i sujfjresticn. hut it jmints out the way for further profitable investigation. Diabase and (lahbro : It has already been indicated that while these are very prohahly of Keewenawan iige, yet this lias not so far heen definitely proven. ECOXOMIC GEOLOGY. The deposits of the metallic minerals of Fahre may he con- veniently <;roui)ed tojfether according as they are associated with the Keewatin or the newer diabase. Krdialiii D( posits: In common with that of many other districts, the Keewatin of Fabre shows widespread mineralization, and en a number of the more promis- ing oceuirenccs a considerable amount of work has been done. The most almiidiint mineral is i)yrite, with which chnlcopyrite, galena and sphalerite are also fre<(uently found, though in lesser amounts. The Jessie Fraser Copper Mining Company has been pros- jiecfing a deposit on lot S of VI 1. N. The chief body is a hand of schist about three feet wi feet deei> resix'ctively, with some drifting and erosseut- tinsr. Tliis work was done with a small steam and compressed air (IKKI.tM.Y OK KAURK TOWNSIIII", 29 plitrit, liiit (ipi'nitiiiiis liiivi' l;ccn Mi><|H'nili'i| t'ur mhih' tiiiii'. A siiiiiliir tlc|M >it )il( iiir tin' striki' to the rii>t. nil Int H. is (i|>cni'il by a sniiill shiift. On Idf ].') (f \'||, N.. II riiiii'li' «'!' |ii'irs| t pits were sunk sniiic t«i'iiiv-li\i' yciirs iiirii liy Ili'tirv Tiiiiiiiins ot' .Miittiiwn. The |icits mi Int 7 of V. S.. pyritf uilli Miiiill I'inounts i>{ i'hiilci:|iyi'ili' is rcuind in irrcmiinr i|iiiirt/ veins, mul i;s !in iinpri'L'n.itiin nf the t'lMiimlioriti'. At till' sniitli cnci lit' liit ^ 111' V, S., tliiTo is n niiiiilii r of .sliTii".' \ rills ilippinir nt liivli iinj-'li's nnil iiiitiToppiii!; in ji sti'i'p I'iii'c ol' jrniiiiMlioritr. Oik' of tlifsc. opcni'il liy nn Jiilit lor iilmnt lurllty Int. shows ;i i-;iic-iti' Vi'lll lip to riirht illi-hrs tili"-k, lillt I iil.v hiivintr ii \'f\\ spnt^ ol' i-hiih-opyriti'. Anotlur ii;is I I'i'ii opcni'd )i,v two iiii'liiii'il holt's, iihoiit tilt.v ' '1 iln p. jiml stiirtins.' rliix- toiri'llii'i'. '{"ho lirst huh", siinic mi tin' liip. ufiit iloun Ihroiiirh ii si'riis of siiiiill h'lisi's of f.'iih'n;i iiiiii I'hn' •opyrito in a L'jiii'.'iii' of i|ii;irtz Mii'l i-iili'iti'. The si nil. sunk iiiiiiiii'il mi thi- vtiiki'. iii'jii' till' sni'fiii'o, I'lits thi'i:iiL:h .-i fiiiilt with iilMiiit ti'n I'li't throw, hill pii'ks lip till' vi'in ML'jiin on tlii' ilmMithrou siilo. '^ ho viiii uiili'ns from iilioiit ton iin-hos niiir Iho fjiiilt to tjiri'o Mill ii hiilf loit ill Iho lii.ttoiii of thi' hi.li'. 'Iho vi'in iiiinor.ils irii~i>-t of i|ii!irt/. I'lili'iti'. pyrili' iiiul rliiili-npyrito. Tliis is iln' iiiist jir. niisiii'^- prospci-i ^iiii in tlio Ki'cw.itin. (Ill lots I'.'i iiiiil L'li if riiiiL'i' l\'.. prospi'i'tiiiL,' lijis liooii iiirrioil Oil in ll:.- Ki'i '\;!tiii ili;ili;i^r 'ly piirtios ;issoi-iiiti'il \\itli Dr. Aiihin of \'illo Mjiiii'. .\ pit till flit ili'i'p is sunk on ii ihaii riit hiis- ^ll!lpl'll iiri'-s of pyrito hoaiiiiir a littii' oluih'opyriti', aiiil haviiii,' !i itKl.Niinliiii tiiiokiioss of two frcl. Aiiotlior pit is mi a vi-rtiral .;oiiit from which st.irt a nnnilior of small sin, ft JKiri/milal scams, lilii'il with ijiiart/, and i-alcilc. Iicariiiir |).\riti'. iralcna, spiialcrito Mill clialcopyritc. Two other shafts alimit lift.\' feci ilccp ha\i' liccii sunk mi Veins haviiiir \rry small ammintv ni' sulpliiiles. .\ I in r l>i'ihiis, /)/ /i rite and hematite are next most com- m 111. \>ilh smaltite or some ether colialt-iieariiiir loiiieral in small luit widespread i|iiai!tities. Free silver has heeii reported. !iut it aj'pears to he !-;i|'e it" fmiiiil at all. Silver ne h.owever. he .'JO MINK- IIHWi II. I-HOMN* K (IK (^IIMIKf. roiiiid li_v ii-Miyi'i!/, niiil is iiMiiillv iiiToiii|iiiiiicil liy i rtaiii iiiiiiiiiiit ipf M.|i|il. ill whi.'li nspn-t tliiTi' in II tlilVfri'tii'f Irmii i^i-fs iif fill' Ciilpiilt
  • trict. Till' t" H of niiip' II iiitiiin.H iiiiiKcroiiM viiiis. On iiif :!."> (Ill till' >|,ipi. i.virli I Iciiii; l.iiMilh'i's Imy. ii slml't twi'iit.v I'ri't (Ifcp liiis I (I'll Mink iJii .'I I'liji'iti' vi'iii two iiii-lu's wiijc tnii'i'- 1 l.ic I'm- M'v.'i'iil I'luiiiiv. iiiKJ slinwitit; viTv ,'iliiiiiiliiiit I'liliiill MiMiiii. On 111., wot sill,, iif till. s,iiiii. hill thi'ii' iiri' tivn sliiilts. m f ll'i'iii lil'lv lii't (lii'|i. Ill ill! ii|>liti. ilyU.. two iiK'lii.s Willi, slmu- iin; I'lilxilt iiml iiirlo'l Mi inn-i. pyriti. iiinl viiinltiti. : tlif nllici' mi .'1 I'lili'iti' vi'iii iiNn .liiiuiii',' |.\riti' iiml Mimltitr. liiul I'l'iirlinl a (ji'jith III liHly 111'! uhiii visiti'il. On jot :>•; an aplilc ilyki' aviT- ! L'iiiu' iirai'ly I iuhiic'ii iiirlhs v i,|,. js rxpisnl in tin' laki' slmi'i' I'lir almiit a cliaiii in lrii;;tli. It mIihws srur-.'/ations »{ calcite Mill larrirs liiv-iiiiiiiatfil jiyriti' ami I'liali-opyriti'. On lot ;17 a shall M'Vi'iity lii't ili.i.|i has l:ci.!i nprm .1 i ii a I'ali-iti' vrin five liii.|iis wiili' ill piaii's aiiil showinv: small aiiiniinls of pyriti'. .■lialiDpyi'iti' and •tiiiiltitr. On lot 41. an adit has lufii drivi'ii lirr twi'nty t"( rt en an apliti' dyke livi' in.-hi's wide and varimis (-till r pits Slink in i thiT smallcf vi'iiis and dyki's. All st 111' this wii'k nil iitii lii'd ahrvr has hciii dilii' hy "\/,i Cii' Minii'i'i. i]v la V'alh'i' dii St. .Maiirifi'."' On the laki' sIhii' at tlii' riid nf Faliri' wliarr. and riittinir till' dial asi', thrn' is a i-aliiti' vein tin iiirlns widi' in plai'i's. Init not shiiwiny any inctallii' iiiiiii'ials. Xcai-hy, small veins of <|iiart/. and rali'iti' rarry sinail amiiiints i;!' pyriti' and trai-i's of a i'i:lialt mini'i'al. On till' ••.Mill" I'l.Miii. lilt 44 if r.'iii'.'f I \'., tlnTi' arr vriy ni"'iurous vi'ins uuttiiiL' the diahasi', and a fi'w I'litti:!!,' a K \\aliii ".'I'l'i'iivti 111'. Thi-i' havi. a iranL'iU' eliielly uf i-airiti.. and rai'i'y a ■•<;nsii|rral:li. aiiipiint of smaltiti', A shaft twi'iity--i'\i'ii fii't di'i'p has lii'i'ii slink i n a two in.'li rali'itc vrin. 'I'lu' ari'.i of iliahasi' I'Xp: si'd is very small, i-iit on arii.iint of the exi-eed- iiiL'ly ahiindalit small \-eiiis, nil di'-pla.viliL' enlait lileiiii, this prn- pert.\' has h i-ally 1 eeti ei iisiili'n.d very pri:iiii»iiiLr. Iiot :i of ran(.'e V. N. has lieeii prospeeted hy the •'Terra Nova .Mines. Ltd." with a well eipii|iped steam and eoiiipresscd (■ir plant. 'I'lie ilialia'-i' is in eeiitaet with the Keewatin. and eohalt hrariii".' veins are li.und in Imth rocks. The main shaft in the Keewatin is 11(1 feet deep with aliollt HHI fi.i't of driftiiiij- and ei'i ss-eiittin'_' at the icil t'cot level. The iiiiiin vein is :i ^;liatteri'il /i;ne Iriir i r five iliehes wide, hut einitainiiiir a eleaii ', lin in plai es ihrei' iin-his tliiik. The lillimr is ealeite. smaitite. hematite, ehale'ipyrite and fiairiiients el' a|ilite. At the siir- laee. hematite alone was lu-i-eiit. .\niitliei' vein showimr no metallic minerals is reiiiarkahle in heinir ehiefiy eoiiiposed of the ii:ineral Jixiiiite. In the diahase a sliaft has heen sunk ahmit eii/htv feet en tw.) lifuliMiV OK KMIKK TuWNsllll'. 31 iinirlv piiriillfl riilrii • vi'iii<* iivi'i'iiuiriu four irii-hcH wide. Oiio Vein i-nii III' trill I ■! mi tlii' Niirrm-t' t'nr iiliniit twrlvi- rlinitiH. Only siiinll iiiiiiiiiiitH of Milpliiili's wiTi' iiliM'fvi'il ill imIIht. In niinn'r- OIIH otlli-l- silllllliT Vi'illM ID'lirliV, till' I'lllrili' fjll'fii's iilillllijllllt Ill-Ill- Htitf. tippiiri'iiliy liiTivi'il tiimi llir oxiiiatinn nl' fliiili'ci|(\ rite. 0|ii'iiiii'_'« luivi' I'i'cii iiiMili' 11(1 ii \iv\ liiriri' miiiilii'i- ul' Mnail vriiis riiij rnii'ks ill viirii iis pnrN i I" tlir |ii'i>|ii'i'ty. Op lilt .">, iii»t I'jixt 111' this liisi pf ■ 'ftv. mill iiImp ill tin' Ki'i'\\.;;iii. |irii>pi'i'tiii!.' Ims hrfii nirrit'il i ii liy tlu' I'nntiiii' .Miii- inir iiiiil .Milliiiu' Cu.. Iiiit iipi'mtimis li;ivi' Imtm <.iispi of \'. S.. ii; II pit it shcirl ili>t;iiici' sciith of till' iiiiiiii •■liiift of the Torri .\'o\;, proprrtv'. i'o\rrj sii)\s. Till' fiiinliiiiiiMt.il ri'iiiiniiiiiit for tlir su s>fiil \\orl;iry to liavc nil opcii- iiiv's wiilo I'lioiitrh to i.'i\c Milliiicnt olliow room ti- work to ailvan- t!l'_'l'. llllt tl '.villtll is illili'pclMlrllt if till' wiiltll of v.'ill. To illiistrati' the olVoi-t of this, if tln' iniiiiinuiii worhiiiir uiiltli is tifty iiii-lii's. mill tho voiii is i no im-h wiilc. tlion tlio proportion of oro to haircii ri !•!; will lo ,is oiio to forty-niiii'. Siipposiii._r. Imw- I'Vrr. the vi ill is ii'ii iii.-h(s uido. this proportion will lii.' fi'iliii-- iil to till to foit.\. 11' a- iiiir til foil!'. Siiico the work iloiii' must hi' pjiiil for liy till' \alii.' of the i|t olitaim il. It tl;i;s follows that •1 narrow \riii is \m rki-il iiinlrr a \rry hiav.v haiiiliiap. If tlio \oilis ari' short, or piiirli aiul swoll siuliloiily. so that a lot of iiil- prolitalili' work has to lo ihiio in liiulinu' or in foljowini; tho oro l.oilii's. this ;:ivos a similar aiiil cvi n a.,.litional hmulirap to that of narrow voiiis. The oro. wlu'thor jirodiii'i'd from wiilo or narrow veins, must, nicri'ovi'r. oontain a siitliciciit proportion of tlio dosirahh' minoral to ijivo a rortain avira<_'o valiio. ilepoiiilinu' on workini,' lists. A narrow voin ot' liiirh irrailo oro nia.v ho fpiiti' as [irotit- idijc. or ovi'ii iiioro so. than a wiilo voin of low trriuio oro. The workaliilit.v of a ih'posit is iilso olosol.v (lopomh-nt on iriiioral i-onilitiotts, sin-li as transjiortatioii farilitios, av;ii!ahility of supplies of timhor. water, fuel, power.ete. .12 VWn ItllWI II, I'HIIMM K (».• glKllKC. Applyiiii.' tlic«r cotihiilcnitii iiN tn tlic on- ili>|MiNltn of Fiiltro, \\i fiitil thiit : (in Till' M'iiiK an- iinrfuw. i'xci'|>)iii(; n I'rw nf tin- Ki'cwiitin io|>|ii'r vi'iiis; till' nvi'i'iiui' "iiltli \mmi1iI lie iimlcr tlirrt' inrlii-M. (I>i. Willi dill' iir twii tX"T|ititiHH ilif vritis arc short nml liiicli iiiit '). So I'ar, |p|'(:v|,|.c|iiiir hiis iiit ili»iMP\i.|cil any wiirkaliji' lllillil'M lit' Dl'l". (I'l. No ifi' \M fill >aviii!,' lias in'iii niiliiiiii'il t'roiri tin- •irin«|)iTfimr alri'atly ili m-. i;.'!, TliiM' will) jiavi' (|i 111' llic iiicst iiM|iiii'taiit work in )M'iis|ii'i'tiiiL' ami ail' tliMs in tlii' lifst I'sition to .jiuli,'!' tlii' fcsultH, liavt' fi'a'iili'ratiiiii». ami altrr ronijiarisun with till' wni'kiii'.' iiiiiii's if Soiilli hiirraiii ainl Cobalt, tlii' run- .iiili «i'i'iiis iuiii\ I'iil.'ilili' that Ihi I'l' iv at pii'^illt no (.'I'rjit |iri)- I'li^i' in till' iiiini'i'al iii'|ii>its i f |''at,i'i.. (LAVS. 'Pill' day which is no wrll iIi'Vi'lopi'il in Kiiln-i' is ipiitc similar to that aii'i'aily sni'ci'sst'nily I'liiphivcil in ihi' nnnntai'tnri o'' I'l'ii'ks at Ni'\\ Lisl villiijn' ttt'Vcriil |r)'rfM)rilitiiini>i| hy artifii'ial ^miins, iiKlicatt's that in inariy phicrs tlu-n' is an ahundaiit nu| ply iif <'xci>lh>nt viitrr to hi' ii.rd for the si'rkiii!». The siiinll co.t at whii-h a wi'll jiiiiy he driviMi in the chiy iiiiikt's it wortli whili' to attempt to chtaiii wati'r, I'Vrii where there are no speeinlly favoitraliU' hiirfaee indications. TiiK Tkmii m: I'ki ■■-. I.i m i i i n. .M>