> .\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^^ 1.0 i ut Uii 122 ■ Hf 144 *" I.I ^ 1^ yg u& III 1.25 FhologFaphic Sciences Corporalion NJ 4^ ^^^ ' :\ V '4^^K< ^ \ » WKT MANX STMIT WntTIR.N.Y, 14»M (7I*)I73.4MX '^ ^ ;\ \ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inetituta for Historical Microroproductions / Inttitut Canadian da microraproduction* hittoriquas Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D □ n D D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag6a Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^ et/ou pellicula L'Institut a microfiimi le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 4t4 possible de se procurer. 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The tot The pos oft film Ori| beg the sion othc first sion oril The shall TINl whi< (Map diffe entir begii right requ met^ This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 10X r««wiii • III w •I III 14X W 1«U H WW IWWH itx ••IWK l|«W « • -HWV 22X 2tX »X V 12X 1€X »x a«x 2M azx ilaire « details qua* du It modifiar ligar una la filmaga J/ iu*as lira by arrata lad to ant jna palura, aqon A 32X Tha copy filmad hara haa baan raproducad thanka to tha ganarosity of : National Library off Canada Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha ffilming contract apacifications. Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impras- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. Tha last racerdad frama on aach microficha ahall contain tha aymbol --^> (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymbol ^ (maaning "END"), whichavar appliaa. IMaps, plataa, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama llluatrata tha mathod: r ■■ t: .;i ' 2 3 L'axamplaira fiimi fut raproduit grdca d ia g6n6rosit6 da: Bibliothdque nationaie du Canada Las Imagas suivantas ont 6t6 raproduitas avac ia plus grand soin, compta tanu da ia condition at da ia nattatA da l'axamplaira fiim6, at an confformit6 avac las conditions du contrat da filmaga. Las axampiairaa originaux dont la couvartura an papiar aat imprim6a aont filmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniftra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'iiiustration, soit par ia sacond plat, aalon ia caa. Toua las autras axampiairaa originaux sont fllmto an commanfant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'iliuatration at an tarminant par ia darnlAra paga qui comporta una tella amprainta. Un daa aymbolaa auivanta apparsTtra aur ia darnlAra imaga da chaqua microficha, aalon la caa: la aymboia — ► aignifia "A SUIVRE", la aymbola V aignifia "FIN". Laa cartas, planchas, tabiaaux, ate. pauvant Atra filmte A daa taux da rMuction diffftranta. Loraqua ia documant aat trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un aaul clichA, il aat f iimA A partir da I'angla supAriaur gaucha, da gaucha A droita, at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'imagaa n^caaaaira. Laa diagrammaa auivanta illuatrant la mithoda. 1 2 3 4 8 6 % I ^: i Jr. s '^'■''■S. % >"^' ■■^j w Of i; '■ aw«'< j ■mii^i^m^^^'^^i^^^^^^^'ii^ 5 «i*iitfi,*; ■- ' OB %HB WE ST-JNM Of thofe Provinces wK under the Dominion of t King o£ SPAJN, ■ •■'v'Si^lK ^Ji • t «»num i m>.\" Fatthfallyreprefintediy ^. ^. ^««r^ i#«- ■iriMiMin fold at th J ^«» in IiSj-laiu , i^ 5 Ji •A«- ■ "ta^i-sse^^w* I , - i « i»iii < »y. l|l l i nU >i . .i . ili ' | M> *. \ . \H K '• IV*.- " I , Ik I ■^v SJ % ^ > .^' \ ■\- \ 1 <^> >»* •^■» n t *• 't « Jf- ts»- ■ »/ i*. «i>* '•^:i .-#■» ^ r) .i Jb, ^i,,V JU ^/ ^.-^ X- V /'••/ V .y ^Mmf ■.,< ;> -Jr. ■?'■ \ r ■* t 'fl' ■iS" ■-•^ '■'/■ /fT . \ '.«*ii ■» J wjflitth fell hafpiflclt 1 ».- \ mtmi "iii yiiipipg^P" K-' y.s> - m *♦■#,,.■. V- <:^ ..'. jlhQti^^mftch fear or fly theSen^ JjnaMhv^is ^ imperfe<5tions fty cajlin? togetherofhuohfer^ Mtli^obrnxlduho ^ ■ • \ s ' , ' • . » -■ w>- '% 'V- thai he heSen^ e<5iioris iiobfer^ •Mr. " 1^.1: V * -• rifhmg 0tj^f^W^Joth ofmmh Uerk)tofitji and ^ood-^ i^pr^i mid) Chkrt/hi^^ of all g&ddhtd hjfm^ endek)orsm otheri ? For this. re^fon Sir (it -'V: 'Other is ^'Fertue yich^ all rot hi A JOH, ome necef^ jHo^moit bonible SerVinf "^ 7LX» 2^. ^ '" '■'X ■-*'*i' / To the ^ader. WiCcdome hath decreed to be dblie; by' th^. tt'^lttjght (ccm perhaps iidt altogether uitilitting, CO have perfixed fomething in this place, concerning the Kea^ ton of the States il?L,cioluti6n, and the Great tn^^^rmfcendent Cau/e which hath been given, v^y the finglifli Foic^ Ihou|d liiove, thae Way in the lAannfer th*y doe=" as'well td fiti^flc t|i^ Nation in ths Juftice or mat 06- fign , wherein they are likely to be fb much engaged, as to Itop the Mouths of iome exa^d-itcd Engliflimen, who arc ready to aiperlethc Adtion with theim» putation hf Pyracie j and other unfeeml^ character?of their Dif- 7' , affection. «■• p^^-; f'if To «)!>« %lftfcri; [ffcctidttr And fctHify the Authoi mc6 ifitfendccl fo much i ^^ Bui .eing a ^ fiiaW otlikwirc Cats" he [rfe'cly pifofeffeth J5 and faving the ;fpects & duty wMch heowcth ) his Native CoMtfic, no ^Way, [ifaffectcd to tli« €6od and Hiuf ior brS^J^alid^iceing there lath bfeeh fueh Honorable Ap- licatibri niiadc' jfronci that >rown to his Highncfs and the icate* of England as, 'tis yet fup"- >ofed,may aitcommodatcthirtgs In difference, and prevent War, le thinks ic fnore reafbnable at •refent to be filcnt, and expect, ts with his beft wifhes he doth, 'the certain iffue of that Nego- tiation, and (if it may fo pleale 'Godj W\'v,-' ■f"^'^^'f^'^-[> Jhe »e- 'thi •Cluff cjmmoO'^tii * ft''> ' : ,7-;^R!r') v/f'V'-i-' ^i; America in fMiikularyjtndjf Its firR dlfmtry h^ iChriflophcf CcduiidMiSj'JkJBiericus Vcfpiiclufj and vr-u^^- f!i'> t rf. i »■■■«■•. t. " v^^-^ ,; ; I d/Cacfto, i^fif the famous drink called Chocohitt^oji Ato]ie> «»^ cz&fr i/ri^i ufed at the Weft-Indies. n of the aboundance rfCattel at rift< Weft-Indtcs ; oiidtM jeveralfvrts of BeaSls and other creatures > both if \ taml and muer, frofp t§ the New- World. Of Sugar 'tanes , Cotton^ypooB , Mtdberry-frees > «»« Silkrwrms^ tfr/fce Wicft-lndies. 1"' V,'\ OfAeahoHndoMCi aad excellency of the Metals at tht Wcft-Indics J e^eciaUj of Gold and Silver. • *\'r ■< V \*. ""• ^tbefiivtotts SUverMims of Poto»i |. and ef the Pca^ l\ -^and^iarl^fimgateke^cQi'lndlcK u^ ,. .^v . ; ,The Contents of the iccond C)hJp. r. F tbi genertdSvi/mof the New-World Hiff conA _ timnt and Ijlands ; and of tbetvf(( f^ti oftbA contiaentiyh4bi.2iortbernandtbeSotahem. r /t«' Conuni^; ■#;. -^■, Chap. V •fiocUanci, tf^4 tbe fiver aI Pm/incii J»hicb^ taimtk* I ' Chij*. J,' , ..V. ,.'wAi. ^Canri«i««^ the Ciunnks Moi%wt toll* >..Cnap; ^j-^, , --^ ■^'♦;'1^C> 'Virginia^ ^^/iEric^ir»ir/fsrftrVfr«^f/i?n^^ ' Chap. f. ' Chip* ^« ^^y ' C/ Califormia* ..ai**^'«ifT*^ ■T,. 0/McH •OalUci^ M f-> J ^» ^ ■'■*' '.^- , Chaip. t. ^ ^^. Ncw-Spibij 0iHsPr§vmtS0 Chajp. f < •- > ^ ■ .1 ■ f 0/ Guauinaiiu rj^ Chap. !#• Teruaoai fr lif Xa«rifnf pwn a/Aaicrka; Chap. II. ^ ^-uil Chap. 11." P/New-Oramida; ChapJ d\ 'A- IW' 45f p4Maraay,,^ Rio A llif»«;. , ' Vv. p.<(7 < ':-«j(i, \\'.- ^•4 ri&eCtribec.lfl3jr ,1 V% *• t|», .< Cuba, vX'i- ^n.:/^ \ ■^P' / . .■^.. tiii '(■ £■■ ■-A' \-' »V' .. X0cWi*ia^^\S> ■^;^ ■■» ,* fiiAi ■** 1^1 ,^ij^,^:?^-*»^.. / m...'-^ ■'■■ v\ ..' ""■^■■-■,*i',',-.. •" * ■ . * ■r' ■'3 't' ■ V:. .-i^'^' *^'. 1/ i' . ■^•s* (i) ■ ■- J. Ill .. f-K". -m '"L* '■'•'■ ^B'*'^' wi^Jil^^f ;?t*ji,'*v* ||Ci; «^ .r*^», j| ;i j*.4s^ xJ:iiiik^H\:i^'^> >«.li$.'r- . ^^^ ...V- •*■... . » •»..7^ the gloh of the Earth tnginii^att, and of the £ener all font V^hicb i$ cmtaineth*. "vii ,^ h !• fe^SUKSSl O D Almighty, thcaM-eat and wife ArchUea of the Univafe, having by his Divin e Power an^, . Wildome, raifedbuc of ,, ? ;ui7i. v^i ?. > Nothing this (lately l?a- jue of the World,, and affigned unto a^ igs their peculiar Place, OrdeCi and Situ. in therein* as was rood agreeable Co tbeic [ticularnatares, operations, and properties; [Eartb,being the groflefl: and moll maceriate ill created Snbftances, by the Creators eteir- Order and Decree, and^its own natttraijl Denfity, funk into the loweft place qf all Igs, and that which wis rooft diftant froni ^ [Heaven^^ wjp. into the Center or nraddlc/ of the World , becornxning a fiafis i z%M' fcC| and FQundation of rapparcunt6 at] lirX. ' ■&-..\\;. ■ ' i&^ -IW^ '\ ''i,'\ r'^^i''- ''-'Xt'^-^-'s -I ' ' -ii' thcr eleoieoury Subfliaoces or Bo^ieii ^ Qponj "vAiklx etAer urediidy or tBimediatly they dot lilfeftand are fuftatned in their moctons andl operations ; it felf ('fpeaking of the whole Bo« dy or Mafs of ic j fariever tmftioveably reftingj upon its own weight, that is to fay, upon the moit nacurail property of itsown Subftanccj ^^icb being (as w^ fee by expef ience in ever], particular psirt thereof) irrefiftably and direfti ly to move downwarjytlM is,from the Heavens, andtowafdtbe Center; it follows, that th| 'Ghybe of the Barth being round fas bot| "Scripture, f hilofofiiie, and experience doe dcv inonftrate it to be) it inuft needs tbUow, I (aj| ^at all and every the parts 'Of this round Bodj 4elcending (b naturally and irreliftit^ly, as the;^ dpei from all parts of the Circumferencf equally to the Center, that the whole Eai mufl: naturally reft orftand immovable inti ^idftofthe World, or in the middle part the Circomference of the Heaven$,neither mt ving nor inclining one way or other, in te^d of the faid Circtmiference or ceteftial S(Aere| faecaufe, as *tisevident, the inclination whic lany^ particular part of it may have, or be fu| poled to have, to move this way or that i Fc eaample, North or South is equally refifted fome other part whofe inclinatij;^^ ist>ppo(ii ^ii rltfe,..^-,.,,- .p/ j^^tng (och 9 FiiiiuMtlitioti or S^ulecpe^iE: »s|. ifethout of thePnnciplcs sind nii^flrjfljprop^: M of its pwii^ttblfl^nfe, 8c n tcinfe^I to it;> wl ff»y *>« Ulol|raM'toTcnr tWsfamifiarexiuwI^ •A I ■<•■,"« I *( ^M* « 4'- • ~\i''.. ■■■J 'i' ' 5"'' V •■'■- '■ . • ,14 f ■■ "> ■ -'> . four quarters of a Cicf:;qcp(cr^a9e or icre, and E the Ce^nter joir \m^^ tec ire be four bul|ct$»oif pafte or Apy ci^heirSjub^ incc, whofc parts are apt to jpyiiinrf^m gather into one %urc. t^tj^ew Be diftihiirg- I It the fanie cipne frpni the iFour quarters of ic Circamfbrence, w. ffom A, B^ C, D, out .#v'v ,U-' -••>,. '^ A- ,.,;r;'' of fourC^Mbiisbr Mafqaets, 6f equ&irS6te| and ftrengch, direelly, or ia a right line coJ wards the Center, or E, where will they meet but exactly in or about E, the Center ? and where will they reft but there like wife, in ctfej that E, or the Center, be thenaturall place of them, and that they have no intrinfecal princi- ple and inclination in themfelves to recede from thence? In like manner it is with tht Earth; All the pxtt^of ic did, at the beginniuj and firft creation of things by God, and doe, naturally and direftly tend , not onelf from the four quarters, but from all and ever;^|| imaginable part,of ihe Circumference ofchi Heavens, to the Center or middle part of th World J and'^cqnfequfehtly their meeting (bt .. caufejt is their proper and naturall place, anf ' fron%whieh they caiino«fe^f themfelves, nev^ fo little, recede or dttline*) muft there, an about it eternally reft : I fay mpft there ete| oaljy reft, and ttfcmn. fet led or ftill, withoo ^inption or inclination to move one wa "or other, utitiH weie doe afligfie fome extrinfi cal Aget^t orX^^aufie, fo much ioperior infbrq : to thelrln'aturall injclinition ki Cibe aoletf^l . diflodg thern and make them (IFr ; which thi jtihoutd b^ the levant^indcs , as feme im^ line, truly feecns to me aconceit lighter ifc ,. .. -Si.*' ■ .»•' ^-^y >.A ■*»■ (5) .■a* "*. ;- i'A icwinde, and much unworthy of the judge- -jent of him that, I think, Hra publiflied it to F 5 World : That fuch a foft and moderate jale, as thofcKwindes of themlelves alwalesarc, lotfufficient to remove a Itone of a pound weight, ifit lay in their way, and many times )t aWe to drive a Ship before it, with all the Jviatage of Sails, cpgrfe of Waters, &c. that kflbf given it : (for it is no ftrange thing at fea, to heare that Shi ps are, now and then, be- limed, and want wiride uf on diCjitfantic^ ;id within the Tropiq[uc$.) I fay, that fuch a Moderate gale, as thole windes ar6, fliould he je to work fuch an ejSfed againftfuchanin* frte relVftance as is in the whole body of the irth. what man of common fcn& can belee v6 2. This therefore being a demonltfation »r the (lability and upmovable iixedn^fs of le Earth in the middle of the Wiorld, of fuch rilent,obvions, and unrevincible experience it'^is; Me tKmks. it cannot be fuRiciently [ondrcd at, why the World fhould feem fo tnerally and fo lerioufly to be taken with the [ccentrick and injudicious fancies of Copemi-* Vts and C74/t7^»^,concerning the perpetual mo- fron whkh they imagine to be in che Earth,and i hat the Heavens or celeRial JSoiitsftandftill B3 and m ■,^: *-■ i 1 .-r.; ."^ -«• \ aha move hot at sill. Fahde!^,hot 6nly contrary to comtnon fenfe ((b farre as lenfi: mi^ be judge of (tie motion, reft, diftancc, ahdficua- cion of Bodies , which certainly it iday and ought to be in many cafes, and fuch as dot par- ticularly pertain to this quelhon^ contralry to the more gcherad and unainimous jad|^ement oFboth ancient and modern Riitofophets, con. trary to the evidence of fo many thbufatid de- monilrations ^^.achematicall and Altvondmi- call, which have been founded and held good in all ages, |i:;ppn the centrary fupponti^ti, vU. That the Earth is the Center of the Umverfe; and t\MjecHndum fe totam, it never tnbveth ; but contrafry alfo urito Scripture,which refutei the opinion in a hundred places, reckoning the perpetuall motion of the Heavens, and the tin- movable reft and {lability of the Earthy ^mon; the Magnklia Dei,or the chief works of Divine Providence and Wifdome. The places are (b obvious and frequent , that it feems fcarce he- ceflary ^o atledge ttiem j yet the reader, if he pleafc, may fee P/I«/. 19* 5,6.ind 104 i? ^0. fof, I o, 1 2,1 3 , 2 Kinp 20.'j),i 0,1 1 . PfaL 1 04 5 . and 1 19. 90. Ecctef. i. y. which laft is ttw teftimOny of Solomonhimfclfj not ohiy a great King, but is the Scriptures likcwifc teftrfybf him 1 Kings 4. 29, 30, 3 1, 3 2, 3 3. a great Pfci . , . lofophcf) ■^-^ ICC, anw to judge of the works of Gdd, ^(pecUlly ihofe great and more gcners^ll pares pf the [reationi which, by their ouvioufnefsandvi- liility, were to be the fwhjed: of every man$ »us meditation and wonder : Neither cnn but prcfumejWith fome conficltnce that the ithor of Scripture underflood the frame and [nftitution of his own handiwork iomcwha( Etter than Ccfermcus or Des Cartes ; aa4 ould| without all doubr, have made another [anner of report of it, if the truth had been (herwifei or that it bad been his divine ptea> ire, that we (hould have otherwife judged of Admit thereforei that the Scriptureyo;;;^- Hs doth not fpcak fo exaftly of the Natures 'things, but more homintim, is they f^y^^ and w%y of accomod4$ion, or fitting it feif to the [bmmon judgment and apprehenHon of mcoi md confequently that it ought not to be al- 6 4 ledgcd J)^^*^^ .""ffW*!||,"i (8) ledged in qaeKions purely philofophtcall, con* trary to the evidence of naturall reafon and demonftration • ye( certainly, where the tefli. ibony of Scripture is fo frequent ^nd em pha- lically affertive, as it is in many refpefts here, and when the Rile thereof is not contrary unto, but cohfonant to the general! properties and principles of Nature (by which even philofo- phicaliy we are to judge , and in other cafes perpetually doe fudge of Naturall thingO if then we vouchfafe not both to fpeak and think according to the language of Scripture, w^ feem to bear but little refpeft to Scripture; and though the fiiTfe znd ftile of a writing be not ah waies the one and fame thing,yet in I'uch cafe it mud not be every p!au(ible imagination oi phantafm that may poflibly com in our mindes, | but very necefTary, cogent, and undeniable de monftration indeed, that ftiould induce us t dogmatize in any thing contrary to the autha rity of the facred ftile. But who ever faw an thing alledged by the Cartefians of this na tu'e? What neccffary, deer, and evident de* monflirations doe they propound,eicher againit the motion of the Heavens, or for the motion of the Earth ? what objeftions doe they make, but learned men of the contrary opinion, doe aseafilydemonftratft to be fallacious andfo- -" ' ^ ' phiaicall, ^'■■'A^ ."-;■, (9) ^ v^ :■.:,■' - ifticall, and more Cafily anfwer than they [ra to make them ? Nay, for my part, *cif >re than I can yet obferve, that they doc ich pretend unto any fuch matter, vU. as to [monftrate either the mcejfity of their own tem of the World, or the mpojfibility and infiftcncy of the Ptolemaick or common tem, with the principles of Nature and [nfon. Ail that they labour about is rather to Sw the poflibiiity of their own devife, and to ^oncile the Phosnomena or apparences o£ iven, and make them confiftent wirh the [tion of the Earth : which though they were :er able to doe, then I fupppfe they are, yet lid it not follow, but that the other is like- as poflible and confident ; and having the rantage of divine teftimony and atteftation Ide, confequently it would but little tifyfome of them to dogmatize fo freely in point as they doe, contrary to the ftileof red Scripture,and likewife to the judgement Tome Ecclefianical authority ,that ought not ^e flighted, before which Galiaw himfclf Is twice convinced of his error, and twice re- ited his opinion. See Spondan. nd ann.Dom. 3. Iconfefs the opinion of feme Engliih- ten, viz». Carpenter in his Ceographie, which futteineth (to) fofbineth onely the circular aiul diurnal moti| on of the Eicth upon its own Axis and Center,! muchlefsabfurd than chat o[ CofernicHs tndii gangifor it fuppofeth onely one uniform motij on in that body;and if it could falve thtPhoe^ mifia abovefaid & chere could be any fufficiei reafon or caufeafligned of iuch motion fuperij or and prevalent, as it mult be, unto that natu rail reHfliance which ii in the body of the Eartk unto fuch motion, as hath been laid, I Ihouli readily enough affent to it ; but am very confi deatineither the one nor the other can be af firmed with truth. Whereas the opinion of Q. pirnkus,Thit the Sun is the Center of the Unii verfe ; that it ftandeth alwais ftill ; and that tb Earth, like a Planet, moveth about him circo IiHrly betwixt the orbes , or Planetary circk ofAiars and Venw, is lyable to infinite ablur^ dities, contrary not only to the authority of f( cred Scripture, but of common fenre,comflrio^ reafon, and the natural! condition and pro penfity of the Earth it felf. For firit it maketl that Body, which of it felf is mod unweldy, i I may fay, and unapt for motion, and molt m torally dilpofed to reft, the fubjcft of the m ! rapid and accelerated motion, which they wil acknowledge in the whole Univerfe, and tbi without alTigaing any proportionate and rei fonabte •■'•;'-%<"!■>■*; ■>TV'»'' i'-f • lablecktiref thereof le h very weHkndwo^^ it one of the chiefeff reafons (Ikoovrnot ill whither I tniy not fay the ondjrei^(M)m^^ \y pretend againit the motion of the Heateii^ [this , That the revotation of the fuperiot [be^, cfpecially of the primmn mobile ^ muft reffariybeftinrefwifr than canbefappofed iny narurall Body ; which, though k fceias \ry childifli And weak conceit, coiifidering nature of thofe Bodies and their aptitude novti adcl likewife what power it is thte gave the% and dill continues the impreffi* to it:yet igainft themft Ives it concludes very [l, vi^, that they ought not to affigse the motion (I mean in proportion the fame) another Body in no proportion capable r, at kafl: not without alfigning a more ne^ Taryand evident caufe ofit Chan that of the Indes. But men are come to a gre^t height Confidence in their afTertions , it feemsnovir [yes, and may Well ba pardoned fuch a petty rfight as this, when they bluih not to fu« ), delibtratly and foberly as a osan would ik, that the leaft weight whatfoever, is able ^verpoife the Earth| and that if but a Flic of the aire lights upon it, the whole Nk». Ihe or Body of it (huggs, as it were s I mean, It it is reMj m9ved rhete^kb, and that fome rea/l t;t;y^-i:. ,t-" \ -i^ ¥' (12) it^ full altiratimit made in the (ite and podcio thereof, as to the other parts of the WorlJ They that have the confidence to publiHi fuq Theorems as thcfe to the World,! confeis^nia be permitted to fay, the Windes, or any thin| clfe lighter than the winde, are a fufHcienl caufeyths t the Earth circulates or turneth rounl once everyday. Secondly, Becaufe it make; one and the fame continuace Body fubje£bt( fo m£ny different and contrary motions, at th( fame time : As firft a diurnal motion upon it own Axis. Secondly,an annual nnotion,wher( hy it defcribesand correfpondeth to the Signc of the Zodiack. And laftly a motion, whid! they call, of Declination,quite contrary to tha|| upon the Center, or the motion of the Unif verfe, and whereby the whole Axis or Diame ter of the Earth is made to be movable, and nol fixed. Abfurdities, which in the motion of tb ffeavens, they know well enough, are veadlj falvedbythefuppofition of Epicycles or leffei Orbes moving within the compafsof the grea| ter : which being, as isfuppored,dircontinuate frotn the greater Orbe, under which they^^ move,though carryed about with it by force of ' the diumail revolution, yet may well be con- ceived to retain fome peculiar motion of cheir^ owni different from chat of the greater Orbe K (>5) IS a File or a Snaile upon a wheel, may 6e )po(td CO be whirled about with the wheel m Eaft CO Weft ; and yet, at the fame cimei a peculiar mocion of its own, creep (lowly I, quite contrary co the motion of the wheels ;. from Weft to Eaft, or otherwife oblique* indtraverfe the wheel, vi^. from North to iuth. And being alfoneither concencrical with r fuperior orbe, under which they move, hot ich the Earth, but eccencricall and moving |on a difFeretic Axis and Center from them, luft needs follow, that the Planets or other irs afligned to fuch Orbs, and carried about and with thofe Orbs in a motion retro-* ide and difTerent frottichatoftbqfuperiofi buld at different tinles, that is, at different friods or points of their revolution, appear ivetfly poficed, in refped: of the Earth, and Fus that live upon it; I mean fometimes more iftaflc and remdce, fometimes neerer at hand; ^mcimesmore verticall, and fomtimes more !clining ; according, I fay, as the Planet or :ar is carried either to his ^iy^«r or higheft loinc of exaltation in the Epicycle; or con- bariwife to his ^^y?/, or depreffion ; and :kewifc according as either the condition of the Climate or the feveral feafons of rhe year, [or fome other provident intent of the wife Author N m ^SLl . -■-* i il- . Vs • ^ Ao^r of Namie ioA risqnirc. Eorwh spmpofy fee the qxcelknc an^ r^msifkal .aifi^affe, ¥vbich Dr. Brp^n bach /(i^ vCi^* $* of his PfindoJ^x Mfidem. edit. Mpoa the Ru and motion of (be Simie 4iie>Heavens«Afld (bough the Qrtelians rejei (thefefpicyclQs oever lo niucb» t» fifti&ua a imaginary thu)g''>.yec can ic not be denyed, bi tfaat^tbQ^ vare pofli&ki and their ftifpofit •^iiotcontfary, but agreeable eqoii)^ unto N . Cttie and the quality of die Heavens. I (ay th TtiKfeffitle ; which is mofe th%a can be faid ;ina8.y.of their inppofitions. And whofoa ihall ferioufly oonHder, in otber patts pfcl ,tJniya:;fe9 how much it pleafeth the Divjii Wifdome, by the contrar^etie/andineqiial; that is in parcicabrs^ to baUancei as it wereA ibearop the general! Hacxnony> JEquality.-a r CkMBcofd of the wholes may in time perha ^come to think them neither fo improba! 4. Others (as the Author of the Dialogue :deMt$nJo)%\vcl know not wtat prognjjiv nutiofi^ to the Earth, no more reconeileabt with reafon and the natural! propertie ofclii Earth, ihsn the other; but ^acher feemingK e id fomthing to the former abfurditie. I fayjnoi treconcileable to the pacotall propertie of tb ■ EartI I- cm ■•■:,, rtfiy whtch/by Whit hicfi been faid in &k bt* i intngand many other lenfibtedemoaftcatt ;^ doth necd^arily place andlettleklttdlic Iter and middle fpace cff die World. For, )t to repeat any thing that hath been (pokea ^tdy) whst other reafon can be given, n^ lan.ftanding in any part of the Horizon, m [heSignei of the Zodiadc will befeen of i, and theother fix alwaies hid, but diat the reh is exa Aly, and at ^U times, in the midlft the World, or of the circomfeience of die ivens ? nvhat reafoii can be given, why die [rrs appear alwaies of the lame inagiritude aire be clear and eqaalty difpofed at the ofobfcrvationj whether iii the vertiaU It or at Eaft, W^ft, or in whatfoever pirc t:he Heavens they be obferved, but thatche ttsof the Earth at all times keep the 6me \ancefrom Heaven ? what feafon can be gi** i,why that whenfoever the two great Lights, M the Sun and Moon, are diamecrally oppo- oneto another in the Heavens, that is, the full North,the other full South, or the one f! Eaft, the other full Weft, there alwaies [ppens an Eclypfe of the M<>on } and u^y !Moon never happens to be Eclypfed, but len ilie is fooppofite to the Sun^but only be* lufe the Earth is perpetually in the midftof the ' V ^;'^^.>a,.. ',..aiiaL^..- Vi- • •■ :^..!-. ..^^.. ^^ "■*■ .1'. ii6) the World, and byconfeqaenccinfuchop firionneceflkrily prohibits and hinders tho flexion of the Suns-lighc upon the Moon? have no intention to enter a controverfie wi any man, much lefs-to pretend an exaA refuti tion of their opinion, how erroneous foevei What I have fpoken hitherto hath been on cUter, and by way of preamble to the difcour that followeth ; wherein^being to treat of fuc a confiderable and rich part of the World as mtric4 f$)Unknown to former ages^^nd to ma report of fome part of the great wealth anj riches which divine Providence had, as it wen creafared and laid up therein, to be difpenfei unto other parts of the World in hisappoinj ted time ; I thought itno^ improper nor mud amifssby way oflntrodiidiion, to take noti of a difpttte fo neerly concerning theprracip; fub je6t of my difcotirf^ which is the Earth, , habitable World^and c^ fpeak my minde freel; theirein. Hew neceiTary is it, and how mud could Iwiih, for the refpe^tsl bearto fom Perfons in the world, that men profeding Re ligionand due reverence to the facred Writ would oftentimes remember one excellent do cument and advife therein,recorded by the Pe of that great Apodle and Do£i:or of the Gejitili SLFaul^ which is fapen nd fibrimtcmj to u(< :Al ■■■ ' '-' OUI 4;.- .. <- (»7) mr Learning and ill acquffefl Gndowmenist robcrly and with due refpeft uitco the diAites ^f Religion ; knowing this, that the itftnde of lan is otherwife, of it felf, an abyfs of hiordf. late and irregular cogitations^ to which^ if we ^ur fcfves fet not bounds many trmes, by re- Igtous and voluntary acqirie^ence in fuch iriiWas divine Authority any way com- mends unto us, but follow the fwing of n's- irail curioiity, and our fine plealing fpecula- ms totheutmoft, we amy tnftime come to fpiAte oilr felvei Mf of the rt^ #ay. Ml itaore ape t& bd^e mj things than what b i^d and tfiie^-^^:,''*-*'*' ^:t?i?'^-'**"*^-' k''^'^^^'^^^^''- That which compleatetii tte Globe, add Iketh thef body of the Earth more entirely iiidj is the Element of Waters; which is a ^fiance compounded, as it weir, and confi- ig of Earth and Aire aiixed together, yet in ' a proportion, as that the Subftance of the rth doth much predominate in the compo- m. From hence it folio wech, that the ele« It of Water muft re^Jn the natural! pro- tie of the Earth, wtiich is , to move.ilQi»pi^' •^Jinadireft lilietoward the Center of the ^rld, as we fee perpetually that it doth in Jry little drop of water, which divides the Irci and makes it felf a direA pafTage through C it .■'.:■'«*>> '>.**!. 1- '■ ''■ ft towards th6 Eart^ and Center of the World; and likewife it rouft retain (though in a vyeaker and lefler degreeV the propertie of the Aire, which is to be diffufive and perpetually fprea. ding it felf, and unapt to be kept together but by iome extrinfecal boundary or body that contains it. From the firfl: of thefe, viz. the predominancy and propertie of the Earth in the Element of Water, it follows that the Wa- ter muft naturally cleave to the Earth, bena Curally united with it, and hardly, that is^ not otherwife than by forre feparated from it. Sol that there is no fearc that the waters of tb lower Hermi-fphere , or of the Antipodes fliould fall back into the concave of the Hea V€n$9 as, upon our firft thoughts of it, v^ear£ cpmmonly apr to imagine ; nor yet that any oi the People or other living Creatures in thai part of the World, (hould have the like mifj chance. For, upon whatfoever part of the iTiv perfiws or Surface of the Earth they live an move, they are fattened and glutd,as I may fay to it by this natural & inbred propertie of tb Earth) which is predominant in their conflituti on,x/f«. to move downward, and incline to th Center, and which we fee perpetually takei place in them, whenfoever their animal and vo luntary motions ceafe. From the feconda vi •>:;■'■■"-:. : ii (/ * '' .^.v^S-fcr, , (»9 its natural fluxilitie and ditTufivenefs ic fol- lows, that the water muft be apt to infinuate and lodg it felf in ail fuch cavities and recep- tacles . whether upon the Surface or cnore within the bowels of the Earth, at the divine Providence hath prepared for ic : and alfo that wherefoever it findeth a free pa(fage, or chan- nel, and that ic is not ftopt or kept in with banks or bounds, it fhould be naturally atid continually flowing or in motion, as the Aire is : And from both it appears, how apt the ws cer of it felf is to imbrace the Earth on all parts,' and to conftitute one common Globe or round Body with it. The CarteOans, menof ffuch difcerning and fearching capacities as they are, me thinks, if they would, might more ea- fily finde fome probable reafon from hence, of [that notable effeft in Nature, wdich hath fo long exercifed their Speculations, t^fft.ofthe "sbbingand flowing of thq Sea, withoujif being Iriventoaneceflity of unfetling and (baking [he foundation of all things, which the wifdom ^f God hath fo cleerely laid in and upon the ^^arth- and without perverting the glorious and « lever fufficiently to be admired Syftem and •fame of the World, with fuch prefumption ts they doe. Without doubt the influence o( [the celeftial Bodies doe much concur to this C 2 cffecT:, ■;--•-■•- y {10.) '' ; ' '-'M cfFcft, by their attenuadng and rarefying the fiibftance of that Element • and Ikewife the WindeS} efpecially thofe which are natural and conftarit to the refpeftive Climates of the World : Nor doeIthinkitanefFe6)^,that<:an be attrtbuted unto any particular, uni^orm,or (ingle caufe whatlbever ; fo as they that ftretch their wits, and labor to attribute it to any fuch canfe, I fear labour in vain. But yet^under fa- vour, and with (ubroiffion to better judge- ^ nient, I fuppofe the principal and more gene- ral caufe, which difpofeth the element of the Waters to fuch an effeft, may be that very thing or quality which we are now difcourfing ^' upon, 'z;rfer* red J were nothing elfe but an eflFcd: of that [reat and general flood, by which the waters ►f one Hemifphere doe continually flow in- to the other, according to the courfe and mo- [ion of the fuperior World, from which, be- ide their natural proclivity and aptncfs unco lotion they doe conftantly receive an acceffo- [y influence and impreflion to move ; and rhich general flood, or courfe of the Waters It of one Hemifphere into another, as it paf- :th along the feveral coafts of the World, ne- [e(Tarily putteth in aboundance of waters into [11 narrow Seas, Creeks, and other receptacles Mug conveniently to receive it : and that the [bbe is nothing elfe but therecefsofthefamc ^aters, retiring and withdrawing themfelves ^s they muft ncceflarily doej to follow the ;neral flood, when it is gonie by. But becaufe lis paffage or cntcrcourfe of the Waters of le upper and lower Hemifphere , by the torth, is not to me fo evident, I leave the ^hole matter as a Problem, and Subjeft of [urclicr medication Co thofe that are willing to C 5 thmk /•'" •,. -. ♦..--- -■ 'Ifl f 21) think upon and ftudy the greac Works of divine Providence with modefty and religious fobrie^ Cy : noc doubting, but that rufficientreafonl may be found otherwife of this admirable eff<86l, from the natural property and inclinati' on of the Water ras hach been faid) to be al- waies moving and flowing one way or other;; from its aptitude likewife to receive impulfion, or an impreflion to move from all other^ things ; from the natural (ite and pofition of the pares of the Earth, in the feveral quarcersf of the World, by which it flowerh • and fron]| diverfe other cau(es , that polfibly might hi obferved, if we did apply our felves to oke notice of them as we ought. 6. The general Globe, or Whole body of the Earths circumference, is divided by chej EquinoAiallihe, into two great and equall Hemifpheres, or halfparts,which they call the upper and lower Hemifphere ; and fometimesl the Northern and Southern, becaufe they liJ upon the North and South tide of the line thatj runneth betwixt them and divides them one^ from another : And by the Meridian (com- monly caled the Meridian of the World) inC( (wo other, which thty call the Eadcrn and the. Weftern for the fame reafon^ Ic containetlii four general quarters , or known habitab! ... ,. ' p»" irt5, which are Europe^ Afia , Africa , and Imerica ; the three firft whereof, vi^. Europe, ffia, and ^Africa poffefs and take up the iaftern Hemifphere, or that half part of the iarth which lyeth Eaftward of the Meridian |ne. IntheAyeftern Hemifphere there is not It much difcorered, but onely the land of fmertca and the Iflinds thereto belonging, ff which we are now to fpeak. ' Chap. I L ^ America in particnlar, and of its firfi dif- covery Ifj ChtittophQt Columbusj Americus Ve(pucius, a^d others. •^ - ; ^ . c -"n ^ I . T Shal not detain the Reader with any X long difpute^whether this great part of [he World , which we call America , were :nown to the Ancients, or not ; feeing the an- cient Geographers, as Ptolomy^ Straho , and »tSers, make no mention of it in their Books : his is certain , that if evt:r there were any ;nowledge of it, as Tome fuppofe there might »e, and that particularly in the dayes of King iSolomon^ yet through an abfolute difcontinu-' ancc of Traffique and Commerce betwiit . ... * , C 4 J *> thofc -■• L ;/ .'y^J "^t >i ^'» j" (24) - **>{ ■ -li thofe Parts and fuch other Nations of the world, as have l^fc us any reports, or hiftory of former times^thac knowledg wa$ long (incej fo utterly extin^tand forgotten, as if it had never been. As for the Text of Scripture,! 2Chron. 3 6. which is fometimes alledgcd,| where the Gold, which King Solomon ukd^ f>,out the Temple, is faid to be Gold ofParvaim,\ '^nd which the favourers of the affirmative opi-| aion , interpret of the Country of Peru in ^America : though fome learned men inCm npon it, yet to others it feems rather a pUu(ible| conjecture, than a good argument,; and who* (bever confiders how unlikely it is , that a! Country oflce famoufly known and fought af-i (er: upon fuch an occalion, (hould ever comej to be unknown > and, as it were, loft in the world :or that Commerce andTraffique,once| held and let led between Nations, upon a com- modity fo much efteemed and defired by alll men, as gold is, (hould ever come to be totally ^i&ontinued with all Nations, and to fufFer a{ lapfe beyond all memory of men and ages ; I| lay, wbofoever coniiders this, I think in r^aion he (hould acknowledge, that the negative opi- nion is more probable ; and that we doe but right to the tneraorie of Columf^m, and thofe other brave qaen, his followers^ ftill to account . .' • . them *h _^.;>.-. (M) ■Cf> ^em the fir ft difcovcrers of this new World, i 'CIS commonly called ; and in that quality to ieak a few words of them, before we proceed ly further. 2.Chriftepher Co/// w^i« was by Nation an falian, born, as it is faid, at Nervi in the terri* ^ry of theComnaon- wealth ofGenoa;Vf\io ha* ig by his education and long pradife at Sea, Itained CO a great skill in the Art of Navigati-' \i, and in all Miritim affairs, was at this time kome famous and well accepted, by reafon "his good abilities, to mod ofthe Princes of iriftendome ; being well known in the mrts of England, Spain, PortHgall, and o- lers ; and bemg alfo a good Mathematician^ ^ obferving the daily courfe of the Sunne, imeatlaft to arefolution with himfdfi thac iere muft needs be yet fome other 'orld, unknown to us, to whom that gfori- is Planet difpenfed the benefit of his raies, iring his abfence from our Hemifpheare : be- e likewife furprifed with anintenfedefireof [fcovering that prefumed World, and oF irching out ivhere it lay, and what kinde of :ople it had. The French are not willing tat the glorie of this enterprife {liould be fo Itirely attributed to Cohmhut ; TImanus, a [rave & good Author pofitivcly affirming, that ' Monnficut 'M t u Ci6) :^-\- ^ MomJieuY ff^r(j»ff ■ r 31 ) would fcarce endure the Seas fo long, as to carry them fafely home again. Cdumbutvi^s much afAi(%ed with this behaviour andrefolu* tion of his SouldierS| yet endeavored to pacify and draw them on, as much as he could, with good words, and to animate them ftill with hopes of fuccefs : but at length, feeing nothing elfe could prevail with them, much againfthis will, he made them a promife, that if within three dayes they defcryed not Land, he would forthwith return for «f^4ii^. This was on the lo^^ ofOBohr ; and the very night following they iiifcovered thelfland GnanahaniyOnt of the LencaU VAi^tiAs ^ which lye together in the Gulfe of America, called afterwards by Co- lumhtts St. Salvador. This wasagreatrejoy-, cing to them all, efpeciallyto Colnmbm, who went on (Tiore ; and having fung the Te Deum on^ his knees, with tears in his eyes, heeredled a Crofs and took poffeflion of the ifland in the name of the Catholique ^mg% Ferdwandd^ni IfabeUa, all^he Spaniards that were with him prefeffcljp^ (according to his Patent) acknow- ledging him Viceroy of the Countrie. there were ftanding by fome few of the Natives, wondring to fee men cloathed and fo acoutred as the Spaniards were, themfelves being for the moll part naked, and onely painted upon their bodies. i^- -r'v. ^ :-\ V ' '^v/f,, ifcAki^ with white, bUck, red, and other c< lours as their fancie leadthcoi. In their n( ftrils and upon their lips fome of them ha^ lyings of gold pendant, as it were, inthewa; df ornament ; which the Spaniards quicklj . efpied : and inquiring of thenr by (ignes, whei they had fuch fine things, they came to undti fknd, that a certain King of that Country, wh( lived a great way further toward the South] had aboundahce of it. This news pleaftd thei lb well, that they made no long ftay there, bu( ott Ifiie 1 5^^ of OElohr they let Sail, and fell up6fi another of thore Ifl^ndf feven or efghc leagig^s dtftant from this^, which th^y called ta Cbffctphn* from thence uf^on the 17^^ they came to the lilmd Fernmdwa : and from thence to Cmia : CitlumBm not fufFcringhb tnenin anf of thefe places, to take ought frofn| the Natives agatnft their will, or wirhout gi- ving them fomething for it, which they feefrredl to ^fire. At CHbit he found that the Natives bad fofne Towns and Villager, which they in- habited^ and were fo. ordered, that in fifty or thre^fcore houfes fometimes 2000 or 1500 ^^eople of Men, Women, and Children, weke contained, according to the cuftome of the Country, that jill People of the fame Linage or Kindred lived together in one boufe : and their houfes \ ■■?,"*?!■;,; ^;:'ff*r* - a35) ioufes being buile fqutrei in thefafhiohofa^ ;oarC| with long and large (ideS| though but iow and of a lamentable ArchiceAurc/eafily :oncaiiied theoi all* : v %uty.;\ v ; ?^ . 5. From hence they failed toHlfffamdla, rhere they had £ght of the King of the Coun- ty, named Gaacanagari , who received him ind his company with much (hewof kinde- lers, prefenting him with the Fruits and otheff ;pmmodities of the Country • and, which was setter than all the refti giving them more cer^ [ain information of thofe golden Provinces, rhich were afterwards difcovered in the main «and ; for as yet they were but upon Iflands, ind had not touched or feen any part of the Continent of ^^fWr^. Coltirnhfti was fo well . itisfied with the intelligence which he had rained, thit he refolved to return for »; jfl^ovc Qf tte Se*. By «a4<»i|v mbew^ani* for t^Mtfgn?j«wc qf lop^ yqmh whicfe )«( lixdoM^ w his difkreit. M «i(^ qn ^lul»v«»A romp paic fl£ c|i(^ ^u^eiew w ^oxtu^lti CQy^49^^ji^. fof (i|^%u:on)^ voyage ;oiufl!of f ?<*£#(i|i 9*Hefic iB^iSaof pffi»i» icdofci^ivrrow* C%»v(;Mv)i"(>4tew9si»x (hfq«)|>to.fhi|WiffiJ ftw8iljJ4j«fa*v»«W- iitiiitm Soemv. This y/^h ^fljj^itlKox^b t:ift Jcoj^pdiei iQ4aciiqm)(andg|oa)i(M#i Col^p^if^ If King ^ olfred his (aryt^e to ttip,c King, w4 KCH r^flM, x«t it p«v3h!«4 fo fttw, t|i^| (Co- «M^ \Kf» ?ppi«|ici^ vd fq» ligto X«yi fo;t. QttttbpKiog himiflf^r^ingblni, cojicrjiT (o^ o^eft^ciop, uidea4^,P9rsof (oaie bQut \m, ulied bint with moigb, 'cfpea 9nd indQefs; fnd :)fcer tqmc (hdit tit&c, having m thu dil'courfe \yi(h hjtn . coomrniog his royageuid ndv^ncufcs, t^uhe4crifc4, be tee D 2 him Him freely pafs to the Court ofCafiile. Where he was received with a welcome anfwerable fo chefaccefs6f his endeavours, and to the, ad- vantage which they promifed that Crown* and quickly furnifhed out again with more and better Ships:,., wherein he made feverai and fuc- cefsfnll voyages , dill difcovering more and more of this new World which he had founds and afferting the feverai Provinces where he came, to the Crown offaftile. And although towards his latter end^ through the procure- iment of fome enemies which he had at Court, nvhofe envy, like a dark (hadow, perpetually attended the luftre of his brave a6lions, he fuf- fered fome Eclypfe for a time in his honour and reputation, upon occafion of a Rebellion, which one Roldamo Ximettez, a feditious tur- bulent fellow, and one that had been once his Servant, and advanced by him, had begun to raife in the PVefl- iKdiesflnd that BohadilU was fent to be Governor of Hijpaniala, in his ftcad: yet being come to Court, though in quality of a Prifoner, and, as fome fay, in chains, the re- membrance and fenfe of his former merits, to- gether with his own approved honcftic and vercue, foon difli paced thofe clowds of Jealon- fic and fufpicion, which were gathered againft him • and the Catholique Kings lockM favo- ' i* • ••• ' rably rsbly upon him, renewed and confirined his formiqr Authority andpriviledges,Vi«.pf Ad- miDjI of thofe Vyeftern Seas, ( wHichOffice I^is Sonne ani Nephewa&er Hima long time en- IjoyeiJ created him. Duke Dela veg^ in the Tfland of Jamaica, beipg ^ Town which him (Bf ihid built: So that he both lived apd dyed with ajonor- being a man, as'ti5cre4iblyreporte:d of him bv diverle Authorsr orexcm^^^ .and Vercue -very religious and devout to- [wards Gpd; juft, a^ffable, and courteous to- fwaifd^Men; temperate and abftehipus in ail Ithings; and in a word, fuch a man/as Mj*. \Fureh/i^ truly acknowiedgeth of him) as God ihad ;»i .;; a fit infirument for fo great a v?ork^ \vt^. as was the difcovcry of fo tnanygre^, tricL fi&(ttJ,and fair Countries, as were former- ly unknown to the Chfiuian World - being no llefs celebrated by the S()fini(h Wri(ers, Ovtedg, iHemra , and others i for his magnanimity, courage, wifdome, and admirable refplution [in his uhd(;rtakingf. *p^ :r \ . , , 6. Second to C^lHmbtu, in the glorie of [this grand and fuccefsfull encerprifeofdifco- rcring tl^ new World, wis AmericusVffifi' :iM^,aFlpren:ine; who efpecially in theier- ^viceat thecharge of EmanHill, King of ?^ wfthliiistinnpat^ibMi^hd^ com- petehtntiaiber of Ships, they MeAuptbM Sqtftnir ; aiftd having idroflfiM Ae liM, di^ ¥Sn^dthecbafis oiT (T^^mit'aod iVrii//, btyoi the tfO^idtie of CdvMm to 'it de^tttU Sobthehi hmrade; MAkie %a«Uig Ibytd ftM! time, and taken poflcflfonVfAcOOitetiyaf- ter'thcir nfoal foMMHtids^ (Key h'eH on flieit dMrTe beyond «te RrV«r <^ /M^ iMtb 51 digreet,!* c;lriM^ifr inWi wj^c^dhie re ^oMedi; #hich n at^nfti CbWiifciH 'tlit height of the StKites;Sb^%erebC!fiig Mcdi tv'^i fool vveatMer, and thtir Shff*smtefafpetttanil iinpaired H9) \tted by tfae ftormtii tli«]^wwel^, te jrtCiBmiiloil ^tber voyige, dire£Uiig his cSmffrfor itf WU or InfuURtal, in the Gbniicry (if Jlrj^f/^ luehiviogpanred Cafitf^mfJewad&nM mm$ ipon the coiOl ofGtihii, hy M,§ammkt»» in^ the Ship wfairii earned t hgfec hirftfttfi> ms was fimk, and 'goo Btrrds or ^fiof^f- ieads^f Vi^hials and other nedfiTaiy ^t^«i« Ions for the company, wasiMtisrly loft r^fejF rhidi difafter be«ng forced again to qJmui rard, howlo^ he lived, or what ciqsr* litioas he mide after this, it doth dot jp* 5ar« \. •' . ' ■'■■ -o-i 7. I onghtnot altogether to forget Sir i'f- \i^n cSfot^ % Venetian Geiitkmaa,.yft rn and Hiring in Engjimid ; ilKho Ukomfe ilKmt this time, t^. in dieyair i49^,i(i€; the ii^of lifaw^ the forcnth, King of iB^Au^ oatp«wpii^C9 P4 hi fit tomcdftii and coafted down Sotithwat^ sihxte as JFl§rula, where with the ufnal cere- fl^anicsy he cook pofleflion of feveral placesj ki the name of the King of England, aswel IhaU farther fee in tne particular defcripttonl ef the Continent. In the way hedifcoveret the in^ ^df BaccaUos^ or of Cod-fi(h ; fo na4 medk >m the great aboundaace ofcfaatkinde| of Fi(h which they met withall upon the coarts,| ^Theylie25 leagaes into the Sea overagainf jTdfi Raji of New-found land ; where the EnsU(h have an extraordinary good Trade fori Sifting, and alfo many other rich Commodi- ties. But being forced at length to return home again for wantof ViAual$,hisbu(ine(f,| by reafon of Warres which we had then with Sc9tUnds was wholly laid a(id«» to the great! prejudice of the Englifli Nation, who in all probability might have made themfeives quar- cec-Mafters at leaft with the Spaniard in the wealthiefl; parts and Provinces of Ammcn, if the bu(ineiG5 had been welt followed. Sir S^-s^ bsftian himfelf went immediatly thereupon- into Spam: and thonghhe returned again into MngUnd, and was graced by the King with ibme titulary dignity, vU. of Grand Pilot of jEnj/^M^^andapenfion; yet feeing hisdefign was never revived to e^cftj I (hall forbear to *tk further of him : as likewife I (hall )e concerning ttrdinand Magellan a Porta* icfe ; whofe name, although it be defervedly [motis inVthec Hiftory and affairs of the new. ;orld, and thit he had the happinet to dif- ^vjCfM'hat fo many before him hadfoughtg It could not finde, namely a paff^ge to the Ufi'Indieshy i\it South Sea andthecoaftof imricay called therefore fi'om1ii6i^erii|u:e Ugellans Strfits : yet becaufe his llulinefs ^ieSywasto dtfcoveci and not to conatier,; id that his deflgo upon the Coptincnt railedi [hich was to have planted a Colonic of Spa* irds in the middle and narroweft part of the reits, thereby to have fecttred the Streits to ifelfe, and prohibited the pa^ige to til trangers, it may fuffice to remember him in ime other place, that if, in the deicription of lit part of the Continent which lyech upon ':: ■.:ii2 bmihohnti 03-; ^fcStrcits, r! i^ rjii" '- *■ . r i . ■« rehted Pdit 'OiHt Vt&fk^ of J^M^^i* ^Suakft lot totriraoti ttilKs itnu'tVtelilllVtt- ile «viHtf«i >ffiey 4dc MIdtMVllir 'Hfj^tRefa fti rifirb'iMniitths ibtfim balff. T^lTM^iEr like ttlttr *tt:^tgeih CMo ^dtBRftlfii Tltt)^ ic cttftiiDtiMiy 'ftMi ^f . i^iiif/ir, "vMkh #llte la fcHivn'itoHthfc TiWePtifr^taee^rkh aVi«>/lt«< tttti^ltiy Attics id;ft!int'ff<$im %t. LtMir,VMt- iMl; atfd hold tteir t6«frfe'dir«Aly ^AtHe rjlMff^i , «rhtch ikt ttrtiin -IfltMls fbWlMls ieco»ftsdFii(^(l, tMttibe6ii^, «»t!I ImbWn for Kte f lf«te»1»M >»dre ttttofpmiHg iHto : on both fides of thel E^tor, never failing ; and in the fpace of! foorteepor fifteen daies^ doe carry the !ships witUa fight of the Northern iHinds, lis they zt the Jf^efi^ Indies call them; which afe, as it were the Suburbs of the New W lyillg ;*hick. fcattstf4 jpon the coiaft of _ America (»ti%H>>i » • J ,■ » » (4ir> fericayin the Atlantick of North Swi [3; The firft which they commonly dtfcb- are fome of the C^ri^r^ Hands, lying to- |rd the coaft of Parian viz, Deffeaia^ Domi* \^y Guadaiupe; zt which laft they alwaies le CO Anchor, and refreih chemfelves both [ing and coming • and from hence difperfe imfelves to the feveral parts and PocCt of ifri^4, for which they are bound. Thofe itgoe fjbr New-Spain, take the right hand ly towards the Idand Hifpaniola ; and ha*^ ig difcovercd the Cape St. Anthony, which a foreland or Promontorie, in the furtheit idmoftWeftcrly parts of C//^4, they fail iii ^^ht of thf Iflands both of St.JohndePerf* :o> 9LTii^\{oQ{HiJpamola'y of which laft they ive the Port or Citty of St. Domingo att [ftance of two or three leagues off at Sea, and lid their courfe betwixt the Iflinds of ^ir^4 id famaita, till they attain St. John Z>* ulltta, Vera Crux y in the Province Of iV^l^ if^^in. [his paffagej viz, from the Iflands Def[eada id Gnadalupe, to StJohnD'ti/lfta is reckoned be little lefs than 500 leagues; and by rea- inoffo many Iflands, greit and fmall, which b in their way, and capfeche Seas to be much ibjeft to contrary windes, ic is counted a paf- igw* of no Ifttle difficiiltie, and not to be at- tempted / fi ij-f Mflbg^ff 400 leai^gsffaoi (? i^4(^/i^ ^i^pvc Siii Tiiefe (^e tlie k@i-liam( mm; a|i4 bi fMlt^s tiiii «Mn clue qoift : they to v(;jb t( C^r j Clinyoful^acpra^viocej 994 frpo) cjb«ii)Qe;|^ nAickpi^cei i|iv convey Ml Miw Mcn;Mn<|i((; ^^V9^ or f;vveQ(y mikf 4ill«i»» 9ff4 ly^tii PIOQk the S^^wh Set : wliece tlicy ?r« ^pi %i^^ mdi from theim by Set conveyed (o ill t£e9irttof ihe Pcpvimre of f ^«, Tbey^hd gpc (g^ Hmidfm4f tnd the Province of (/litfiri- ivfeicb i«i|tf; fiift ppinc pf ifi^fi^/^ \ye(ii9(2)r(|, ' wlwf^ fihcy {e»ve them, «m ryp ^tonguppo the Npcth-lide of the Kbod fofmc^ unto the pOi^C^iVrjr///(Pi ; Thoi ttey pul t^ Sw, awid feck M (47) \ksk itieOipe called Camir$tt, mhkh itttlbe :raiiee of the gulf and ProKioce of HmkhHif% Ifrdoi whence Ailtng^fottrteoR oc fiftacn leagues Wefti«af4» they come to Anchor at \TrHxitUjapon the Rber Hagmm^^ which mo- Kh into die fudGulf, uA unkiteihelrMcr- Ichandife, fomuckof itaais ii»reodadibrthofe pirts : the reft they eavryfunbciup the G«tf lto7«rto ie Cavsiht, oc Si. Thmm 4i C#- fiik ; and from thence along the coift «i(o the Pcovinct of (?Mimif/^* 4. The beft and moft ufual eiaia for an OQJE^ ward voyage, thaf: is iukmSfaimn AmHf^% it abom the Springy vk* ffomchebyttorwd ^iAfmmh CO the h^nniogof A£ajf ; fine Am conmMtj they make their voysge te 4m ^e% and come welt thither. Iftbeyftayhmgnt, (0 as that the Monetb of AtfgM^ be fpe^l hafim they readi dM lilands, it iatnore dimenht m4 they ar e ufually taken with the Hmpkmat^ as they caU theo, which are certain mltni and contary wiodes that doc tecribfyinftft the Al* laatick and Jsidiaa Seas all wimei li,iog> l%Wi Siftemiir to miarch. And lik^^ iQlhair retufB homewards they ibkim the fanie time of the yeere there, t/i^.abmtc>lf^ and ^^fiP^ the {hips that are tor^tufn (m Sf0}n^ ftOQiaU partsof thecootioentof %^im0 bend their conrfe courfe for Havana^ in the Ifland of Civ^^ which is the place of their general Rende: vouz where they are all to n^eet, and to ftaj one for another till the whbl Fleeti efpeciall] both of Convoy and Treafure be come inj IThofe from the foain land, fee fay le common- ly in (JUay from Porto Bello, laden with all thel Avealth ofPerUj and whacfoever elfe comes by the fouth Sea, which is not feldome very much from the Philippine Iflands and the eaft IffMes\ and at Carthagina take in more, brought thi« therfrom all parts on chat (ide the continent,! efpecially out of the new kingdome cXGrana- W4, as they call it. Sayling from Carthagem\ they fivoid the coaft of Veragna what they can, by reafon that the Current , which falleth out of the Ocean into that Galfe , comech To ftrongly upon them, that they woald never beare up againft it, at lead not without much difficulty and danger ; So that they are for- ced to feek the Cape Saint ^nthonj^ which, as we faid, was the mod wefterly point of the Ifland Cub^ , at which place th^ (hips from JF/0irWjNir4i doe alfo touch, and To they fayle to- gether a matter of fifty leagues eaftward, till they come to Havana. The (hips from new ^Spajne beare up Northward as far as the Sound or &ty called Lai Tortngas^ vTfaichare 2-^v?^ certain ccrtiin Iflands lying upon the coaft of Florida, and To fetch a compaffe, as icwere, of liccle lleffe then three hundred leagues, before they come to Havana. The reafon of this courfe is, becaufe the American Seas , efpecially neere [upon the coaft, are frequently fubjeft to calms, To as the fliips oftentimes want winde to fayle rith; and therefore to gain, orafTurethem- felvss as much as may be of a convenient (vind, they are forced to fteere thus far Northward ; From whence, that is, from the Iflands Tortus ras^ they have a (hortand eafie cut of a few leagues over to H4t/4;}4, ' 5. When the fliips are all met in the Port of Uvana, they prefently fet fayle for Sfajne through the Streites of Bahama, and by Tome if the Leucaia Iflands ; not now inadired): :ourfe Eait*ward, as they came in from the ~iaft, but in a greater altitude and more Nor- [herly. The reafon hereof is, bccaule the Bri- ts or Eafterly winds, which, as we faid, doe [onftandy blow all within the Tropiques, ot orrid zone, doe hinder their paflage Baft. rard , and force them to fecke their courfe ^ghcr, that is, Ibmewhere without the Tro- iques and more towards the North, at leaft twenty three or twenty fonre degrees of aU tude,where they fiade Wefterly wjndes com- £ monlyi ''!'fj*t^ JlfTOT''^ r 50) monly, which carry chem homewards as far as the Azores or Terara Iflands ; and the far- ther they goe from the Line, the more ordina. ly and certain thofe wind.es are, and more fit to make their return • for as much as blowing frotn the South and fouthweft, they carry them direfily Eaft and North-eaft, as their I voyage lyeth • which is alfo the reafon why the return which the (hips make from ey^iwmV^J or any of (bofe weftetn Iflands, is ufually more difficult, longer and lefs certain than when! they goe out ; becaufe, as hath been faid, in I their going our, when they are oncepafTed tht Cdnarie Iflands and got within the Tro- piqges ( which they ufually doe in four or five dayes fayling, if thewindes favor them) they have confliantly there an Eafterly winde, which carries them with full Say les upon the Iflands of t/4miric^ : whereas in their return, be- lide the uncertainty of the windes by which chey fayle, they are forced to feeke a height, as they call it, that is, to fetch a compaffe Northwards fometimes more then three ot four hundred leagues to gainc a convenient 'winde. Tbefe Axsres or Terctra Iflands lie in ttie Atlantick Ocean > betweene thirty fevenj and fourty degrees of northern Latitude, and are reckoned to be about foure hundred . , ^ ^ ^ leagues 4'., .'/ leagues diftint fron England ; at which when the (hips have touched^ and fupplied them- (elves with fucb nece(raries as they want, which commonly they doe at the TVr^^^ I. (lands, but never (lay to goeon (hore, they fet fayle from thence diredly for Saint Lu-^ carot CaJiz, ; which, when the coaftof Por- tf0galwt% free for them, and that they might come up fecarely with this Cape Saint Vineenti they ufaaily reached in fourteene or fifteene dayes ; but now of late , by reafon of the Waires, and the revolt of chat Nation front the Spanyard, they doe a little decline that coaft, and confequently come in fome few dayes later than ordinary/ Chap. Ill I. Offomi particttUr t/^Aventurti madi by th Englijhinto thi parts of Ammoi; e^icioBy thofi §fS$r Francis Drake, Sir Thomas Ca- vendidi, the Lord ^dmirallCMoti, ando* therSi VpUch are briefly related, I . T> Y what hath beene faid in the prece- J3 dent Chapter, the Engli(h will in pare perceive how the voyage to the we(i Indies is E 2 com- cpmmonly made,' where the chiefe difHcuUy or danger of it is, and how avoyded : what may feemc wanting to their more perfeft in- formation iliall be fqpplied in the particular defcription of the fevcral places, Ports ard RoadesforftiippiRg, which belong to there- fpedive Province: . At prefent for the enter- tainment of the Rrader, and toperformean office of due refpeA unto the memorie of fom brave men of our Nation^ who have formerly vifited thofe coafts with good advantage to themfelves and honor to the Nation; Khali endeavor to give a brief account of the At-* chievements of fome of the principall of them, leaving the reft unto fuch particular occadont of remembring them, as will occurre in the.dtf- courfe afterwards; and begin firft with him whofe memorie? isdefervedly moft famous and honored by all men, for his extraordinary a- bilities, eq>erience, and happy condud at Sea, ^i«. with Sir Franck Drakg. 2. This brave Seaman, at the fitft begin, niogs of his anions, was Captain of the ffidith^ with Sir Jchn Hawkins, in the voyage of Gut- riji one thoufand five hundred fixty feven, and received together with him tome conOderable damage and injuries from theSpanyard, in the fon of Stmt John D'VUm of the Weft- In- •. . ' die? It ■"7^-V-f ■ -- -'■^.^• dies, contrary to promife and agreement wicfi him, and therefore to repayre himfelfei ha- ving firft beene aiTured by forne Divines that his Caufe and Deligne was juft, as Maftec Camden wknttttthot him ; la the yeere one thoufand five hundred ftventy two , he fet out for America with two (hips and a pinnsce, whereof that called the Drajron was comman- ded by himfeifi and at his firlt attempt furpri- z^th 2^mhe Je DhSj at that time one of the richefl: lownes of c/fmerka : But in the A- 6tion, happening to receive a wound in one of his feet, which difabled him very much, he was not able either to hold the pUce, or to ga« ther that rich (poyle that lay even in (ighc be- fore him. Por his Company, a little too much difcouraged with his difafter, carried him back to the Ships, almoil whether he would or no, to the great jov and content of the Spaniards, leaving the town and an infinite mifsoftrea- fure behinde them untoueh'd ; a great pirc whereof they faw with their cvn eyes in the Governors houfe, namely huge barsoffilver lying round about the Hall of his Palace, piled upagrea( height from the ground, ready co be laded and tranfported for Spain, as foon as the Ships came. But there wanted fome refa- lutionm his company, by whom, being over- , E 3 borne. r-'^Tr ^54 l^fne, hz was forced to pot to Sea much a- gataft his Will; fo th»t thefuccefsofhis firfl; cnterprife ierved onely to whet his ftomach and courag^ito give them a fecond vific as foon us might be. Being fomewhat recovered of his wound, he falls with his Ships into the Sound of 2>4r#Vii, where heh'ghted ufon a cer- tain People called Sjmir$ns , which ure^ for the moft part TfjgrQS, and fuch ts haviing been Slaves to the Spaniards, by reafon of their cruelty and hard ufage are run from them, lliey live in Woods and wild places of t^e ConntrSe , in great companies together^ not much un like lo other Savages, hating the Spa- niards deavdj; and doing them upon all occa- lions what mifchief they can. By tbefehegets Intelligence, that t Requa, as they there call it, that is, a certain number of Mules fmofl: commonly they are fourty oi* (iftie in a com- pany) laden with Treafure and other things, was to paTs within few daies from T4Hanta in the South-Sea, to Nomtre JiDi$s, to be Ship'd from thence for Spaiu ; which he there- fore refolved, if it wereppflible, tofurprize. Thefe RequM from Panama to Ventacru^, which is about fix leagmfs diftant, in the roade to ^§mhi de Bios, doc conftantly travel in ^hc nighc , by reafon of ^b^ openneft of the way / ■ ' ..•^ -■-■■< r T' ;--■-: Tv^Ti^ig^ .--;«'-.■; -^ [ ^'„% way and theexceflive beats in the day time: neither had they as then any other guard bat oneiy of thofe who drive thenii and perhaps feme Gentleman or Officer of the Kings to overfeethe Treafure, by ^reafonbf their great fecurity, and that they had 11 v'd til then with- out all fear or fufpicion of an enemy upon ihat coaQ • fo that the enterprife feemed to them npt to be any matter of great difficultie. Wherefore having gained a fafficient number of thdfe Sjmerons to his party, which he might eafily doe , with no more than eighteen (lout and refolnte men of his own ^ lea- ving the red: to guard, and manage the Ships as occadon might be, they march by night over the Streit otDarieny as 'tis called, which is that IfthmM, or neck of Land that joyns the two parts of America together, viz. the Northern and the Southern part, and coutains in thac part of it where they were, not above eighteen or twenty mites over, from Sea to Sea, though in length it be many leagues. Th^y Were come down undifcovered within one league of P4- nama, and had lodged themfeives in a Grove on each (ide of the road where the Re^ua or company of Mules was to pafs : which atcor*- ding to their ezpedation alfo came, and, as the manner if, fo tyed one to another, that if you ^ E 4 flop i» ■■t :£' y^ ■ f- fiop one, you make them aii (land. The Requa, v;hich was now coming, belonged for the mod part of it, to the Treafurcr of L$ma, who with his Daughter and Family, were going for Spain with eight Mules in the company laden with Gold, and one with Jewels : which without queftion had been all taken bat for theindi- fcretion of one Engli(h-man, named Rabert Piks; who having drank a little too much Strong' water in his martch, was become poc- valianc with it, fo as his companion could not keep him to hispofturesnorper(wadehimto lye clofe^ as they were commanded to doe, till the watch- word (hould be giyen ; but hearing ' the Mules come neer, out of a foolifh bravery and ambition to be the fitft that ftiould give onfetin fuch an Adlion, Rood up* and wea- ring his fhirt uppermoft, as they did all, the better to diftinguiAi and know one another in the night, was inftantly defcryed by a Spa- nifh Cavaleer that rode a little before the Mules ; who, fufpecling what it might be, pre- fently turn'd his horfe, and gave Tuch fpeedy notice thereof, that the pirinrlpall part of the Treafure which came behinde, together with the Treafurer himfelf, his Daughter, and other of his company, were faved by a timely retrear, and onely fome few of the formoll Mules ta« r ;. V ' ken: \-' ken : which, as they had romeTrcafure, lb the Englih, knowing how foon the Councrie would be alarm'd by reafon of their difcovery, darfl fcarce (lay to ranfak thera, but caking a little of what came next to hand, refolutely made their way through Venta crftz. and fo by woods and wild forelb of the Countrieco the Ships, which expefted them in the Sound ; yet having the good fortune by the way, abouc iRio Francifcoy to meet a fmaller Reeju^ of Mules laden with (liver and fomegold, which having better leifure to examine, they took and carried as much of it as they could away Iwiththem to their Ships, burying the reft in thegrOUnd.^ ' " • -. " • -^ -Sv.?? r'^:/"rni'?fWt . 3. In the year 1577 was his voyage a- jbouc the World , in which to his immortall Fame and Honour, he was the firft Comtnan- der of note that encompaflfed this Earths Globe and returned fafe home again. For though Ferdinand Magellan had difcovered the Streits before him, and gone far, yet he li- I ved not to return home, being flain at the Mo- i/iirr^Iflands, while he was reducing them to Lthe obedience of bis new MaKer, the King of ]Spain. This voyage afFdrded Sir Francis Draks fome better amends and fatisfaAion from the Spaniards, than the former bad done ; though . V even .' 5^; eventhtt was not altogether without profit. Forio this he not onely took and well rifled niany Towns and places of the Spaniards, up. OB the coafh of America f which they that urate the paflages of the voyage report more «c large ;^ but efpecially he met with divers rich prizes at ^ea • as namely at Valparaifo in the South Sea, a (hip laden with Wines and as nachofthefineftGoid of Baldhia (which is counted the befl; ofallj as amounted to thir. tie feven thoufand Duckets of Spani(h money, I befide iilver and other good Commodities. At Tdrapaxa , upon the fame coaft, he met wichtturteen bars of pure (ilveri amounting to four thoufand Puckets : And after that with dg^ hundred pound weight of filver, tha£ ilMU going for Arica to be ihipt from thence to Pawama, and To for Spain, hden upon Pa- «it, which are certain Sheep of America about -Aebignefs of AfTes, which they ufe as Beads of Burthen, efpecially for the carriage of their Treifure by Land from place to place. At AHca they rifle certain Barks and other fmall Vefleis which they found in the Port, and take out of themi belide other Merchandize, fiftie feven wedges of pure fil ver, every one of them of the weight of twenty pound apiece, and a- mottiiting in all to one thoufand one hundred -nxi} : , fburty fourty pound weighc of (ilver. Af Limathty enter the Haven , where they found abouc twelve fail of fliips fail; mor^-ed tc Anchor, their fails taken off, and all the Mariners fecure on Aiore ; whereupon examining the fiiipf> they finde in them, befides aboundance of Silks, Linnen and other good Comsiodides which they took, one cheft full of Ryalls of Plate, which they thought not good to l^ve behinde ; and (which pleafed them as much as all the reftj they got intelligence here of another great Spanifli (hip, called the Caca^ fuego, which was at Payta, laden with nothing but Treafure. This (hip had perceived them at Sea, and was making all the fail (he could for Panama : But before (he could recover the Port, they purfuing her very hard, about Cipe Framifco they get Hght of her, and after fome (hortdifpute board her and makelier yeild. In this (hip they found thirteen great Chefif full of Ryalls of Plate, twenty (ix Tun of other (liver, four- fcore pound weight of pure gold, befides aboundance of Jewels,precious Stones^ and other rich Merchandife : all which becamfi prize ; having alfo in their way whik they were purfuing of her, met a (ingle Bafkkdtiii outwardly with nothing but ropes and (cack- ling for fiiips, but fearching more within, they found (6o) * fonnd no lefs than feventy eight pound weiglii : of fine gold, bcfide many great anc? good! , Emeraulds, with other Jewels. They look all : and fetting their fail for Guatulcos otherwif( ^ called Acafulco, a noted and much frequente Port of thcfc Seas, in their way they meet ' Mp (torn China, laden with Silks and Ci^m V di(hes, of which they take as much as tb ' thought good, and after that rifle the Tow ' of Gftatulco\tk\(; where, be(ide fome quan ' tity of gold, jewels and other plate, thev find - one pot of the bignefs of an Engli(h oufliel^ : full of Spanifh Ryals ; which having emptiedl they departed without being farther trouble- fome : onely one Thomas Ui^oomn Englidi man borrowed a chain of gold| which he hap. : ned to finde abont a Spaniard, juft as they ' were going out of Town. At this place,finding • themfelves reafbnably well laden, and thic ftheirihips had endured the Sea a long time, •they refolve to return for England ; which af- iter fome time they likewife did, by the way of Vth^ ^Molucca and Philippine Iflands, and on tthc third of NcOember i 5 80, which was the 'third year of their voyage, they fafely arrive at >»i 4^ In the year 1585. this noble and re- vfiowned Sea- man, liaving been firfl: Knighted, tp.0i.. •' ■■^■'• ■ ' : : ^ ■ and •^ 'V , ■■.TB'y*^"' rn^-^ (6i) id otherwife alfo much honoured by Q^een > Uizalfeth, made another voyage to America [ich a greater number of Ships ; in which voy- , ;e, befide other places oflefsnote, he took id burnt a good part of the Town of St. Do- \ingOt in the Idand of Hijpamcla^ forcing the . ihabitants to redeem the other part withi ime of twenty five thousand Duckets ready [oney. He took alfo Carthagena, a Town ; |pon the Continenir, and in it AUnfo Bravo le Governour, and after the burning of fome loufes had the funime of eleven thoufand buckets paid him by the Inhabitants to fpare le reft. He took likewife the Towns of \l. Anthony and St. Helena : Eut at laftthe inglifli in the Ships failing (ick of the Calen-ji ire, and many dying, he was forced to return )t England with what he had already got; rhich upon value was found ^o amount unto [hreefcore thoufand pound (lerling, of cleer.. irize, befide two hundred pieces of Brafs Or- q linance, and fourty of Iron. 01 -toin : ir^: sd 5. In the year I5P5. was his jaft voyage^ | fhich proved not altogether fofuccersfulltoj lim as the former, byrealon fas isfuppofed) 7 ^f fome mifunderftanding betwixt hun and?/ y\x John Hawkins ^ who was the other Genc-^f rail joyned in Commi0io|i vyith htm for theii^ .expedition- 1 ..■■,'i«. • --'ir If.,- m , -^f. ■A. > i' H. ( <5» ) czpedictOQ. They both ended their dayes in I this voyage; and particalarly Sir fohnHaw-l k^bctore Pen-rieo, as foon as ever the (hip$ came in (ight of the place. After which Sir Fra»cuDrake, being now fole General, made an attempt up6n it, vi^. upon Port'rico, but could doe no more than fire fome of the (hips in the Haven, receiving alfo fome lofs himfelf. Neverthelefs, after this hee took Aio de la Ha- \ chajRancheria, which at that time was a rich Town, through the Trade of Pearl- fiOiing; and laft of all Nombre de Dios , but found no- thiug fo muck Treafure in it now, as he faw thefirft time : And from hence marching by Land towards Panama , he had hopes Co have forptifcd that plaee : But Sir Thopiuu Sasker^ vili» wto 'commanded a Party of feven hun- dred and fiftie Souldiers upon that defigne, found the paflages over fome mountains fo difficult, by reafon oftheirftraitne6,andthe paffes fo well fortified and guarded , chat he was forced to retreat, not without fome lofiofmen, which the Spaniards knowing the Co'intrie better than they, and having the ad- vantage of the Woods on both fvdes of the way as they marched, killed in their return. By reafon whereof they were forced to put to Sea again ; where, not long after, the General *- . ^ himfelf 1 1 V limfelf fell (ick,and partly of a FIux,andncinentof| America which lyeth Wefl; and South- weft of | the Iflands, they fteer their courfe more diredl- ly South, and by the latter end oiOBoher they difcover Cape Frio on the coaft of Brafil, and put in with an harbour betwiit the Ifland of St. Sebafiian and the Continent, where they ftay fome time, building a new Pinnace, and fuppfying their Ships with fuch other neceffa- ries as the Country afforded. After which they put to Sea again, direding their courfe immediatly for the Streits ; to which place from the ucmoft coaft of Brafil Southward it i^ reckoned commonly (ix hundred leagues. December the 1 8. they enter the harbor called Fortiefire, which is a very good Harbor, and hath a lafe road for Shipping before it. From hence on the (5. of January they put in for the Streits mouth, and after a few dates come to Anchor, not f?rre from the place where the Spaniards had a defigne to hare built and for- . tified tifyed a ^ and the 1 Sea agaii as it ap for of three y« to that I there w Sir Tbo\ were eii vifions, begun I tif) up about I the So broad,! purpoi with fi fome{ whicli fclves longci the cJ «i>4 v*f f ' noffreft n at Sej, n claps of efpeciallyj he Streits [ lining the I ', as tfcty itinentof h- weft of I re direft. obtr they Ma and Ifland of here they ace, and r neceffa- fer which It courfe ich place hward it leagues. ^r called »or, and • From J for the tifyed a Town for the cochmind of the StreitSy and the fecuring of thefHiiTage into the South j Sea againft all Nations b^ themfeives. . But, as it appeared, their projed took no tStSk. For of four bundled men left there two oc three years before, by Don Pedro Sarmicnto^ to that purpofe by order of the King of Spaift, there was fcarce twenty remaining alive when Sir Thomas Cavendijb failed that way ; the red: were either ftarved for want of neceflarie Pro- vifions, or deftroyed by the Natives. They had begun their Town, (which they named St.?Ai- lif) upon the narrowefl: paflage of the Streits, about fourteen leagues within the mouth to the Southward , and not above half a mile broad, in a place very convenient for their purpofe, and the Town it felf well contrived, with four feveral Forts, and every Fort having fome piece or pieces of Ordinance to defend it; whicli the Spaniards, when they faw them- feives left dellituce, and not able to ft^bGft any longer there, had buried in thegrouud; but the carriages of them Itanding open and in view, upon fearch the p'eces the.' fe|ves were foon found and taken by the Englifh. Muuy of the Spaniards chat had been Icfc there, as above faid, were found dead in their houfes, and lying in ihar cloaths unburied. Thole few j^ k. H- 1? ^ r?- ^ 1 I it iU),, '( . ^v'^Vi iMt wm tlive f^which were onely twenty tfifteiiralt, whereof two Wooien>tlihoush tb^ Were farce tble to goe or tdiielp them- felvei, yet were refolved, as they faid, to tr« -«'l ---,-- !«¥(!- '■* *-"^ fofafe or cafie at anytime torepaff, t/i«. back again ouc of the Soutb Sea into the Atlaotidc orNortterii, ai it is lo enter by theNoith Sea. ^^ ^>'? ^r J ^" ^ ■■ -' '? r . '1 , 7. Seeing got now into Mare del Z fir ^ and, as ic were, upon the back-fide of Amm€4p they ply up and dowu thofe coaftsi vifitioi^ and not feMom pillaging the Towns, tailing fndi (hips at they meet withall, and fteemg their coiirfe now fo far North- weft, till at laft, upon the 12^^. of Jsne 1 587. they double or crefs the EquinoAtal line back again , (ailing Northward of ir, up towards Panama and the coaft f>f New- Spain. But whether it wese that intelligence had been given to thofe parts of their being upon the coafts, it was (ome- time before they coald fpie anv (hips ftirring« The firft was upon the 9. cfjalj, when they took a new (hip of one hundred twenty Tuns burthen coming from Tnna, but newly laon- ched off the Stocks, laden chiefly with ropes sad other tackling for (hips, which they took | and in her one Michael Sancim a Provencal!, borne at Marfeilis, who, to doe the Spaniards a pleafure, gave them information of a great iliip called the St. Anna, which was eipef^ed from the Philippim Iflsnds; and whicn upon hii information they took within a fcW dt^es F 2 arret ij'JVM^ , Iv: ;'?«;:K' ■» * ■ ,*!■ V>'- ( 6Z ) after, being the richeft prize Cone of ihera) that ever was taken and carriennd vcry^^oodl ficHi water in a fo) le outwardly dry and fan die; vvhi;h he alfo told them wis an ufualj cipcnmciiC in m^ry 0!he»"pLccs^ uponthoid CoitlsJ V Li Coafts. About the micWic of OEloher they fall with the Cape St. Lucar, on the Weft- fide of the point of Califorma, and caraeto Anchor in the Bay called Agnada /Segura, where they rcfolved to ftayawhile, and wait for the coming cf the 4$*/. Anna abovefaid;; which about the fourth of JS(^vemher follow- ing appeared to their no htcle content. S(c was a (hip of feven hundred Tuns burthen, and Admiral of chofe Seas ; and therefore not onely richly laden but well manned* By noon the EngliQi (hips got up with her, and gave her a broad fiixle, which (lie Jinfwered : but foon after puther felf to a clofe fighr, and ex- pefted boarding ; which the Englifli attenapt* ing, were twice beaten off, and forced to be- take fhemfelves again to their Ordinance, with which they fo raked her from fide to (ide, and ply'd it fa continualJy, that after a difpute of fome five or fix hottrs (he was made to ye&ld, the Captain hanging out a Big of Truce, and begging mercy for their lives : which the Ge- neral readily granted, and thereupon com- panding him to ftrike fail and come on board, the Captain, Pilot, and fomeof cheprincrpall Merchants didio. They were in all an b4a4red and ninety perfons in the (hip, mcnand^o- men, and profefl'ed that their lading was one '-.^*4'v^ ii^.-ig#i? i,. ; F 3 *•*.¥! n hundred ^'V:mj'^umiy.T m--'3i^ ( TO) '■'in-^i i.- twnty two tttottftiidl Pexos of fine Gold, be« jfide Stiver, ^d^ontidtnce of Silks, Saiiiins, Di* mtsk, Mmk, ConfecveofFniics, Druggy, and other of the rkheft Merchandtfeof /i^^'^, of vvUdi thejf could give no certain cdimate. Kowevery Pezo we aretoknow, in(ilver,is Milled at eight (hillings, oenot much left (tot t tonfefr there is fome difference in Authors about the eftimate of its^ and confequently in gold ("according to the coimmon proportion betwat gold and jfilver, ufed at the InMej, wUch is twelve for one^ a Pezo muft be worth fiinety fix (hilfings, or 4IJ. itf s. fo that the whole value of the prize could not be much leftthan a millionoffterling money ; enough to Biftke them aH Gentlemen that fliared in it. IThe S^ttiardt and other people of the ibip, according to their degre, wereiet on (bote at jAe Port of AlHdia Stgmm^ with neceffary jprovtliom given thcni Eoth for their Subfi- Ibmce and defence intheirtravdL > r ,; ' '8. Fromihence the Englifli fetftil for the PlaAEpfoM Ifl^ thn fpace of fourty flvedayes failing, t^y reach the. Idandi Z^- kmt$^ as they are called, which lie in the way Aidier, about ftvcnteen or ; eig^n tmndred leagues from CMfmmi^^ whence they cime, and in twelve or thiitccn degrees of Northcn latitude Itticude. They tie a very coavenient pitct for the caking in of freih wato^ iwl htA^ fapplyingof (hipac Sea,wUJinA^yn^c rief in foidng a voyagei bu( t^ peppija v^^ u barbarous and fitvage, andfaei(r^9ailjfj|yen to pilfering and ftealing, tbat j^p ]^^^ UI£«gfA»!i gave tiiem. their, nag ifrwyf/» orthe Ifland ofTheevcs* about the middte of ^anH^^J^W<\tt MdfiiBa » die chief of die tkifi^9f lUai^df, and about tlnree hundred fey^y Jeagi^ff di- ftant from LaJrimis. Thit is cppnti^ |^ be the ridieft Countrie for gold4|i) about th<$ begin^iM of c3i^rM they reach ihelflinds of |4v^i;vito by way of barter withthelobabiKPillMt things atth^ had got upon the coa^polF^r- ricd , they pleotifolly ftore their. AiJBf with all lAMle of Fleih ineitSy £ow|fss anj^^ff^^ HMeffaty for theit fiibfittance bomwm tt- cetving ft their gOfl9g.;away a vprjelflpt jftht fatnenaime from* theJUng oC^thi; QfHM^^ i^/«^two1afgcfti paea.altvei iw ^qi^^a^ .» -^; C 7i) .*.'■ fat HoggS} aboundmce of Hens, Duckf,Geefe, ]^ggSi a great quantity of Sugar Canes , Sjigar /] f Q platCy CocoSi Plantans, fwcet Oranges and 5 fowrc, LyLions , great ftore of good Wines, -"Aqua vitit 9 Salt, with aloioft all maner of "^ ' Viduals befide. And it was no more than - they had need of in the place where they were. * For putting again to Sea, and making for the Cape de buond Sferanza , or of good hope, which is the utmoR: point of Af^ick^ South- ward, they failed upon that vafl Aclanticki Ocean, before they could reach the Cape, lic- Cl(;lefs than nine weeks, running a courfe of| eighteen hundred and fiftie leagues at lead, by Sea, without touching land • fome recko- ning it m be full two thoufand leagues, w. I ^^ from tlis Inlands of ^ava to the Cape of good *^. Hope. There lyeth about fourty or fiftie ']'^ leagues iliort or the Cape a certain Foreland ^ ' called Cabofaljo, becaufe it is urually at its firft ;X difcoveryat Sea miftaken by Mariners for the ^ /krueCape. From hence by the eighteenth of 'I'^um 1588. theyiall in fight of the Ifland ■^} St. Helena, which lyeth in the maia QccanJ ^ *^ifldi as it were, in the middle wayjbctpxt the I Coift oCAfrick^tmd Brafil in j^ii^eA degrees ^' ^'ftnd fourty eight tninutes of S^ithefjn JatitudeJ ^^'jbei^gdiftant from the Cape of good Hopcj * 7\ ' ' - betwixi n,^ .»>, /. ■>J, ri leagues, w. I !apeofgood ty or fiftie lin ForeUnd liyacicsfirft ners for the ighceenth of F the Ifland laia QceanJ bttyif^xt the H??Adegrecs if^ latitude, good Hope bccwistl (71) bcrwixt five and fix hundred leaguei. leisa pleafant Ifland , and efpedally well fforcd with Fruits, as nan;ely Oranges, Lymonf, Pomrgranats, Pomecitrons, Dates, and fo proper for Figgs, that the trees bear all the yearlong, and ac any time ofche year t man may gather both bloflbnis, ^reen Figgs, and ripe. It aflFordeth likewife good (loreof wilde Fovvle, as Partridges, Pheafants ^ kinde of Turkies, of colour black and w* and as big as ours in England; great plrnt o' Goats, and fuch aboundance ofSwinctac and large, that they live wiidcin Heards upon the moun- tains, and are not to be taken but by htinting, and with great pains and induftrie. From hence by the twenty fourth of Augufi ihty difcover F lores and Corvoj two of the Azmrn or TercevA Iflands ; and upOn the ninth of September following, having firft futfered f terrible ftorm and tempeft upon the Englifli Coafl:, which carried away all their fails, and! put them in great fear and danger of lo(ing ail they had got ; yet at laft by the mercy of God and favour of a good winde they arrived fafely at Tlimonth. . '•'-'■ ; ^ ^^ ')'^ik^j Of :?•:;? ^ ^..^*^' ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1^128 150 ■^" It? i2A lii lb 122 140 12.0 |l.25 1 ..4 ^ < 6" ► Photographk: Sciences CorpoTdtion 4^ <■ <^ ^^ ^. ^ 1* aswnr WIUTII (71*) MAIN STNIT ,N.V. (4SM •73^*09 i\ V' .«. / vp :. % ji ]0ie righevli0ooqriipre G#0r^^ Lord , t^Hfird &url of Cj$miirlmU fii<) before this «.iMi2cf€fertl rayfjges ami Atfvencar^t agaftift ^ MliM;^p«9tirdi in |fi4 towards "the j)airi:s -of iAmmes^piK. in. die j^ears 1 5 8tf ^ 85|, 92, i|>4, M4f6.«f viri^di fi, bbitt chiefly for thfc defence^ of -the Haiven, the othct of the Town; AbotirthKe orfonrfeasneidiftincebefbipef(eiveda ftroQi btidgfe ^f 'iirood td be bub^vHiiclKea. died^onloMlAui' M the otber*'«n4'joytaed thai ^li MdMir, haviM dfiHi^itBnica- don to leMa ft^ tad iJikkkvlioiifir^itb OWfittwce on tbfcfittthet'fide idT'ilieivMer. ttiiavicn\ai(6iia^tkuiihlim inftnher awfey : ttheitepbB Wt H to f t W tm^tbt ' dock ,' • r .clock the next niorning, ivhen the ebb would i ibe^ they aueenpt the paflTagc; but could not *;gaia it, by ceafon the Ordinance played fo 'ithick and directly againO; the Cawfey : fo they .retreat with the lofs of about fiftie men in all, vwounded and killed. Next day theGenerall ^gavc conimarid that another Fort, (tanding l^pipon the principall Ifland, (hould te attached •^^y Sea. The pUcc was of dangerous accefs; f, yet by the help c fproe Mu&keteers that were] ioccco u|>on. pertain JB^ocKs^ chelflaad, iQCcritei^ch^y f:OQla play upon tbetp in thel Foitywiibin^i^ more than an hoars fpaceJ t^iSiMiiiittds m theplace,and tiiqr tbac attached it by Sea, in boats entred ; ' hovrbdc the fliip that brought them neer k was her fclf cafl; away upon the l^ocks at the ^ lobbing of the water, as it was at firfl: feared . ihat $ie would be. The Spaniards th^t M\ Q;iiice4 the Fort, together with the chief of ijle Town that were not already ded,reti^ andl beCike them(elves to another Fort, calk wthel JFpit M§raM giving the Englilh le^ve to enterj flMsTowo, Scilfo to bl6ck up the Fort where* iipiliey were : So that in few d^yes they were iDOiicent CO fender thefflfelve^ lipon fuch teroi{ it the Acimrtj offered theni) and the EagUr bonme MaUeri of all. , The Tpvvn and Fort ff^-i^ y ^/-*' Locks ^c the fipft feared) ts chit had bd^tivus taken, the Gendrkb dengnwa»tugh fomc di* ftieinperature pf the aire, which in that (rface, it beiog a flat and low Iflatid, is not To pure and i^leer as in ttii^ higher pirt tif the Country, bot ^chiefly through their ovifn intemperance and irregular dyec ihd \» ^>r- ;,.f '1\ \V hWBH witkfofi^ men t|i4 i^ipt| t<> compomi4 lAiJ^tbq SfniiQaril^ fot f|^;To\vn : bui^ tliey j|9d.k;ufwiii||^ m coadtci6|i. of cpe Ei^n^ to hi^ j^ (»y^ il^MQir of ciM> "fic&o^s ifnongft ^mml h)|; fwi\4 wpjo t^M the t^^ . iftwhtl^W mow #» %>Mf ^fiipfc. 7 1 . HU^rtp we iMTt ^|er^ i0|iHir(|fiii^r p9JMf|ucb^ orpriyitly iowitM^ tod ritimie4>y d^ ii»ice ; |bi^ »>IlQWetlb biic, who, I9ffmjm Iffi^mrd^ if heM^jO^tYco, tf^dto re- Klbylprce takeafrooiliiini tpd havibg to otiiet j.^xneans left him .^er^ |o ^uin fail ri^t I Ml This, was ^a^(||ih J$hftb^e)^bdmt man Who had '»,-. /' H m ripec witJi Sir /'r«>f» 2^4^. add' c,-■ c^fliea ntmieir.i mail nocicar ro aaamt nanc, there w(«rt||l^. ,., . ^ >. ^ frMp. . %i mtmitMiumii Sit imt^ '$th die C«afb and Bf the'^^J^:iyi&>« ; fo (bttlky theicar,tJS75. He }i^t i&c %« 6e Ckptrin tife vnc iWv^-aid he feci^inbr yftei/^, at tiMc very ^Uce, where a few jribtft before^ Sir :^mi- ciiDniks M fal6ii*arq^aidC(ii W|th'kheSy- *-. \ 'f5*.- > ihefOMs that puc him upon the deligne for "^ F4M4tw4 by Land, and of furprizing the Trea* fttte Moles ; a PIsice and People which Cap. • tain Oxenham knew very well, and in tended to malEeufe of chem now. Nor was it long be- fore be lighted upon fome of then) (Iragling upand down in ch^wildes of the (Country : Snut they cell him that the Mules iiravel noe Slow, but with a {ktong guard of Souldiers* :¥ihkh was fomewhac contrary 19 his expefta- ^Cioo^ and alterd Us 4e(igne quite :ti(Verthe- iefs, being refolved to AA foqechm^worthy of a man, before he returned, it ierVed riot fo 2fnachto difanimacehiiD, as to^ttiiin laridl his companions upon a morehopefull^'^etw^ til a more hard attempt : which vvas, ithac fee- ing there was now but little hop^ of doing th^nfelves any g6od by landj asjtKe]^ hoped, npfby Sea on that fide they >^ere^ they refol- i^fodfc^vific the ott^rCoafl;s/2m4Xo trie their fortlines upon the South Sea. To tfiis end the Cajgaip brings his own /hip on^rqund, and, as w#u he could, covers her witVb^^ghs and fuchoilier rubbiih as the place ^ffpr^ed • and biiiyii^ghisOrdinaQccin the §r,pj(ihd> he with hif company and (ixNegros to cohijluft them, march by Land towards the Oiitibf Pdftama And Pnut Hiving gone a mattes of twelve or 1 ■»'-> «7 foflf cetft kigiici thtycomitoiRifttCwiiMi; IS the SymcrooDf coM iiimi ran diicAty into cbe Sottih Sea. Here th^ cut down wooi, biiilddieinfeltesa Piooace of about fourty fivt foot long by tMkeeli and in her thq^ pQtt6 Sei, makuig towprdi the Ifland of Pearls^ which lyetb aboQt twmty five leaguesdiftana bom PuMiMM toward Oe Sooth ^ hopnig ii wottM not be. long befim fome (hifi from tiTHQt other piitf of the South, wonldbe filling that wqf fiir fmumuk. So thai by At wayg-bowever Sir Frmiei» Drtiks hath deftr*^ vedfy the honour of firft diftovering the South Sci tQ Eoglifli-aiepv vU. b][ the onely open and known way of th^ Streita ; yet it muft be ackoowledgedi that Captain Oxufbamwu tho firft EngUmnun that ever ftilednponit" 3 • He had not walred longibut a Bark ttom^to Twhlch ia a Province of thf QMmtrieof Pim) faiden with Comssoditiei^ aiidhaviiig in her belidea of fine gold fiittio thoufind Pf ««it which he took ; and withia fix dayeii^ another from lamsg whecein ho had no kfi than two hondred thoufand Pezoi of fil?er, io barra. What a Pezo i% bo^ m fiWer and gold hath been already faid, in the rcliiionof Sir Thm^C^^mdiPi his voyage; ;-* i.^; ./ m u^ that riender tftefe F^«oj pomids of ^^)^ei^ti ^yiflg that he cook two hundred ttfou- »^Ukdfo0Mwii^f oFiilVii^^ indiixci^thoiifftnd Wjmniw^ iioth 4veliddfiie^ ind may itiake the i(tiiii«e td^em ilfefi i^ciliMe^^': ^ for sr^ ttitefr ts tmy pbund ^le^^filtef; afc^r iN^rdintlrym^of fi^^ ^%#iif^yi£ diiflce^ ii w^f bfo^^ %criif Cbype. tndVli^l&tyeryfmhd ^of gbld/9eibDrd1njg% the (HhliilM proportion mtvi^iofg^Id and fiiVfeiV J^ich^ rii^Ilidiss is twelre fbr ^n^ is worth finirtfei^hrpdnnd vi% C6y|i);'«fid cdnl^s^ily theiivMte i^iue "f yp the ^j^ite would Ifhottiit to abe^ three %)tlltdhtin gold atM fill^i'tdgethiil^^.two %iiU^i^ eight huiiRii^> ind foiiriEk^ir^^ Mlandpoittid in goldj^lhtttleight hiilnifeed^ fand pound in (ilver ; which perhir)^ livery tody wll^ not bclefey^^ I rhink It ifierefore 1>et€ert6 expreft it by i!ie ufuai ttifmtiid va- lue of « ¥ezo in Spfthf 0iji which ifcoMmotily ^%id to be dght ftnifinl^cf Eoglim 1^^ iand (b the whole'nhie of the Ipil^i^ liken I ^mouncedco ninb htihdr^ and (ixtk thM^ndl %6un(fft6rlmg in^^o^ and tbl^Misihou- faud pound In firvdr : whteh l^ft^^Toiind a i Competent prfze/atadlenbu^ M^tttfie reafo- v-nHibkmen/ the/ ftitire With then: AHM^ up the River, ini^aiitg to mrictw&aj^lM^ ttejr could to thde Oiip. But as it titihappilyfclt Qot« throu^ the covetoufaeftaaddilTtntioa of iome of bit compaoy, fo mudii ciqie was fpeut before thqr could agree about (hariogof tbekbootie, and how to cranfport it to £eic (htp, that the Spaiiiards at Pam^fhA had obtice of them ; whereupon (hips were prefeotfy feni out to purfue theui at Sea, and likewi&ibilitt Souldiert to ifitercept their return byXaodi; The Captain ^mfidf, throo|^ :th6 ob^acie and willfulnefi ^f Cbme of Mt coaipaof^^waa forced to leftve the Treafurc with them, and to trivel fome leaguet up int^ theiCountrie to IhtdeNi^os tfot might help him to earriri^ liif own men fefiifipg xo ibe^i^ but at their own demands, and quarrelling with him;fil| larger pay. In the mean time the Spani(h d^ipi that fought him at Sea come to the month of the River where they were gone up, and by the Feathers of certain Henns, which theEog-^; li(h had taken, and, as it feems, plucked ther^ gheUGbd prefently- that they might be gone up the River ; ana thereupon putting in after them , they foon took both them and thieic prize together. The Giptain, as I faid, was abfent : hut by reafon that eithc^r the Megros^ or elfe fome of the Engli(h themfclv^s that ' vj 2 "^: . wert .. ■■ N "^^ : '^,r- ■■^. vmt takai» kad difcoveitd chdr Aiip in At Somid, adther he nor toy of cbe reft elciped» buc were tlL fiift or lift, met with by the Spi- nltrds I and having no Commiffioo to (hew S(m: what t\m did, were eieattid every mao of them, onely two boyei faved. Thnf|«aded die flootind fdoltite Gi|Cau OxtftluM; the fttftfce of wboft ciofe Iiral not nnderuke to difntct wMb hit Advtrfimi. Iconldwifliit bad Kb^ u perfkMv faft in all reTpeOsi aa it vmgifiint indbnively^i^^ the Gap- taini part; infetanch that hit very enemiei^ whoinadehiiiidye fori^ doe vet admire and cikoll it : being fpoyled ooHBly throng die "loo, cofetoi^ieTs, and felf *witt oflome of company I whoft Utcs paid for their fblUe. • J i,;JiW ^U***^*;ii^/>.|>«<*|^»iJ ,x;«**i^ :4:i:mH^ irt:rHia^'^:-^cb 5*j:i-li-^s^;'^t ^1-^ i-Pf ^sf J^' l^:^C '*S siti t- W • *iil %mi* ^p UM m '*f r* f' !^i|(l|,Jiq^ ii A,m ♦prsio^ mxi^^^m >"fpH tni^3iiji>2|tfr^^ w ^^: %i¥ 't:>r^': im. ^ i^iaH.sJ|./#*f«* •!rr,...v-) y!^\J?rI)•Vg'^^>r!y,■ 0/ fii fiiiMm , kni mofi ftcMli ixiift$ if tin New H^§rU , the Temftrafwre and I Di^fition of the Ain thnt , the ^uali^ ^t rf the Seile, mtd Ndittre ^ Us fevertU I • np HeSpaniardfl tnd other Ntttians have f IVJI not ticogether die lime fenfi; cf^ cttAiDg the fitiittion or extent of theirif/l>- Jmties t Commonly they are taken to (ignifie that part of the \Vorld lately difi:otered»whicb heth Wefiward of the Worlds general and uedMeridiani which, according tothecoim'* mon opinion, ranneth throng^ die A^esw Tercet A Iflands , fcom one Pole to another, thereby dividing the Globe of the Earth into cwoequall parisi or HemiffAeres. TheSpa^ niards looking to the pretended Donation or Grant, made by Pope %Alexmder thefiittb^ to the Kings of CaflileMnd Leml efnphdtjtevew Lands tr Ifiands difcevered, or that Jbeuldh dJfiovered bj them fdling 9yeflWard of the Azores, whether ufen the coafl of India en elfev- where, doe not feldom comprehend under the notion of the Wefi- Indies^ and the N^w - Mil J;. " " , -' "'^ ^ ^ . . -' G 3 , " , :; World, "*« / / CM) ' ^ Woridy the MolHGCit and Philippine tfiinhy wich fome other places in the Indian Sea, though they lie cleerly in the Eaftern Hemi- inhere :whidi, becaafe ic feems noe fo proper- ly done, and doth otherwise beget obfcuritie In the Atithors that treat of this fuhje proper, bfcuricie jhje. degrees of. Northern latitBde (for fo farr ic hath been dif-., covered already by Land) unto ^ 3 degrees of^ Southern ; The breadth of it, vl^, from St.^^ Michael, otherwife called P/Wr#i,inthePfO-. vince of ^'>o upon the South Sea, to the- PrefeB;ure and Town of Parajb^ on the^ Goad of Brafil, where it is thought to be^^ broadefl: , is reckoned to be 1300*1 leagues, and in the whole compafs to contain, little lefs than ten thoufand leaguesj or thirtjf ^ thoufand common Engli(h miles, i ..m ^ ^'» \- vktiilAnd : Befide that, it is not very* pie^ bablci they could have fubfifted alive, andsioc been (larved in fo long joorney , as to hav^ come by MagtBans Streits, or the Atlantick Ocean. There be extant likewJfe fome po(i<- tive teftimonies of certain perfons, that fay, they have really pafled that way , as of one Salvatierra a Portughefe, and F. VrJamtts a Religious man, mentioned by Mr. Carpin- ter in his Geographie ; and of one fuan de Fuca^ts he is called, an ancient Greek Piloc^ mentioned by Mr. Parchat, in his third pare of Eng. V^Wis^fag. 849.. 850. who is faid ta have lived fourty years in America^ and in hii ownperfonto have difcovered thepaflageia the year 1592. at the command oftheVice-^ Roy of AfixicQ. But of uhat credit thefe teftimonies (hall be thought ^for ought I kno.w» the Reader muft judge : I onely report them as I finde them. I could heartily wiih^ for thQ honor and great advantage whichthe Nation might reap by it, by having thereby a free paf* fage into the South Sea, and confequently a much fhorter cue to t|ie other Indies ; that the paflagewere di&overed, and the Engliih well Madersofiti efpeciatly if it conld be made [a ealilyasthefaid Pilot Jnande /Wc^pretend- eth^and in (b fliort a time as ii thefpaceof twenty rfi f ■>:■ ^. *.', (9^) - ^. ■ T ■ J. m R','*.- • twenty dti«t; or from ihe Coaft and neer tbe Itdcnde of VirgmU, ai fome others have ar« goed* and feem cohope that ic may. But foe \ toy pare ("ingenuonfly to fpeak what I think) I fear the proverb mayfomwhat prevail upon die Engli(h in thii point, Sjiod vilmmm f4ei- If ertdimm , and that the defire we have to finde fuch an advantageous paflage if not the feaft argument to make us think, 7|p4i i$itt$ itfrund. Not that I conclude there if none ; for that were to be too injurious againftthe pofitive depofittonf of thofe who arefaidto hive made ic» and which I my felfcannot dif* prove by any evident reafon : And the report of Sir Th^mm Bmnon, mentioned m the fiime Mr. PmrchM, concerningaftrong Tide com- ing from the Weft much about thefiimelati* cude^ leema to add fomething to the probabi- lity of the paflfage : but that I think the difco« very of ic,erpecially from the Land oh thif fide, or from any part of Eftr&p§ immediatly, isa bnfiners of fo great difficulty, that it is almoft ill one as if there werenopaflage. For how many of our own Nation, worthy inen,and of great experience and skil at Sea, (not to fpetkof our Neighbours the Dutch^ a People no icfs induftriotts and skilfoll J have with un- daunted courage and refolmion undertaken k. *f ".w ■ ■ It litatfevera lives and c Iwaiesforci Northern VkTeftward as it were, of Ice, th( dark, by n and flights falling, fl ihofe part eveniothi well confi fmallhope order of h and coiifUj ftrial Wo maneindc State thin thertryall theproicc thority f hath been dome I c mdsaboi oftheNa wifliallh will (ceo Vl_ ■*' f.n< eerthe tvetr« But foe chink) iiupon ive CO occbe i$it$ none; inftthe faidco IOC dif* reporc le&me e com- ae iaci* robibi- : difco* iii fide, :ly, isa tlmoft Khow eQ,tod noc CO People icb un- :rcajceii ie ic it (everat itmei wich grieic haztrd of dieit Itveitnd charge CO Che Advencureri, yec ai« waiei forced CO recnra wichooc efied? Tho(c Norchem Seat whicher clicy lailEaftwardor Wefoirard, being To barred and block'^d up^^ u ic were, wich huge and perpecoal mouncains oflce, cheiroig^cs folong, their day-cimefo dark, by reafim of che concinnal foggi> mifts, tad flighCi of (now, which are ever and anon fiilling , and laftly che weather generally in llhofe parcf fo excreamly cold and freezing, even in che mideft of furamer, chac all chinas well confideied, ic may feem an accempc of finall hope ; and chac Divine Providence by che order of Nacore ic ielf, or by the nacoral frame and coiiftiCQCfon of chia fublonarie and cerre- ftrial World, hach kt a n$iiflm ai/iM Co hu- mane indeavon chac way. Ncverchelela if the Scace chink ic espedianc co make yec any fur* chercryall in cha bufineb, and cio command che (woieciicion of ic, with morapubliqueau- choricy refolution and ftrcngth chan ai yec hath been uied abouc ic, ai fronicfo ^reac wH"- dome I cannot but expcA much, io for the inda abovefiud, wc. che honour and advantage of the Nation, according co mydutie, Khali wifli all happie fuccefa co ic. Buc chit perhapa will ftem a digc^oojlftali therefore return. ^^ymf^'vji^m ' ■ 4. The ) • 4. The greateft parcof^;f^friV4tbacisin. bibiced or commanded by the Spaniards (to ^ Ipeak m the language of Aftronomie) lyech be- tween the Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn, , or wtchin the Torrid Zonei as ic is called, bnc to (peak more intelligibly to the general capi- cicy of Readers, it lyeth in the middle pait of the World in refpeft of North and Soucbifo ; as ia receives the raies of the Sun almoft per- pendicularly, ftriking upoait all the year long, and confeqiiently (hoald be much fubjed to . heats and dtonghts^ as the Countries of t/£- t thiifia, ^gyftyLjiia, and olher parts of the World that lye in the fame parallel^ generally tre. But mih jtmericait is not fo : th(!keis no Countrie in the World / generally mors temperate in refpeft of heat^and cold, than the ^'Htifi- Indie fbt* The reafon of the difference is partly the J?r^A as they eall themi, orsthe JLevant Wicuies, which perpeitially blow lipdn it fromthe Eaft on both fid^ of the ':£quator, together with other windetfrom allcoaftsof ^ the Sea, that doe much qualifie and abate the I fieatSi which otherwiie, ^ia probable, would ]jbe not a little troublcfome, efpecially in the I |)tain Countrie and maritime parts of it : and -f partly the very Gte and poiition of the Coun- |4:rieit k\i^ which more within Land is generally ^sna h mountainous ^ i tu monntaii ever Coa fVtfi'Inii mount u parts, tc notonet] alfoofall byreafon mofl: pan healthful alfo very all parts one or th jperature are to kc fiftethge Thegtft ground, tlie Sea ( the Com Ameticd three pai by Sea.' cohiiftito wb^ fa«fi rott(snge4y thtip iuilljiiieidbg O^iMftt bddks, chat JTor ftnt>gen« kM iiith «vhbfei»i^dneiif6 iibti^toit^ ic U ltdt a little ^afljgeroiUto tnvdithat way. Th^ iepdit^ )3at in tht imidil of Land ic mates ittea S^tkl^ ttd ttti- ^h tbefame alteraciohf, Vbraitlagt anil othtfc (^fteiDpentures of the ftottiidiaiul bbdy, bUt 'o'ochoiera vioIeatiu)d'0(triBait), Whi^ mm toAiindhly feel at their Rttt golftgto Sea. Ttus lujypeni chiefly npoQ the iA6tifltai&$ Pmiataea, %m4H»t and itfr^^ivhieh lce|artofthe ^«^«f. ^B other places , vj«.. abdliC Im ftnuti, which are amither ridge wbldDntidQ^ thdQj^ leirer, nmhing l»ralld w^h the^«ife/)hCHe IPcotwce of CkUe, the qiiaUty df the Aire is inchlthat it taka awa^t mans life ibiideDly, ^^before he feeleth aa)f ^tttible alteiilSoi) di jgriefeinhimielf) either fioin withiti5irwith' cot. Men drop down dead as thty titv^ia the way, without finding any paiadclidnefs jn thoPBifeI?€s ; othe^f lofe dieit hliids akid ftet .»-... - ■v Utt IS fiogm a Mnsft PttU^t^pf Utt is they icyv^h or at {qSk (bme oftb^ic fya^W mi coet, which fftll andieparace them- ff iv^s frofP the ather.pactsofthebody, with no Qificefcnfc or fciaUi^ than when a rotten i^e^fiiUifrom the tne thathare it. And this, ^ow ffhulo»s foever jit may km, yetisita wumiitfj^. t^cofi0, and other Authors of ^^tpfGJL crc^t, 4oe vimfS^ it from their ovfrn (j^^mjm^ «^^« of wi^at thcyluulfoandiiQd f(plt j|il^m|eir5,,^d frorn what thc^ had ^Mi^i^d J^o^ (een v^kh their eyes inoOierf sr mdiC |( >bcfore be WliiKV^Qe : -afid :iQf one Anthnj KnivM of ^he|fl|ii^ fCQipany, whole toes came off with l?tfv%ip|ct2tg&inJike^ tliroii^ |be e;|tte- nwtiypfcoi&Mth^^ 6.^}^t,j^t,S^mA or mean Landi t/^. be« rwixtjd^^^igI(t;oftbe ^iM^^/ M^^ oflbejjpjpcff nkf^ up the firr greater H2 ^ • pari «k wM f 5 100 ) ^!*^F*? ■•»i4. :.-.' '* part of the Countrie, fo is it generally more temperate , healthful! and agreable to imens bodies t It is aifo aboundaotly well watered with fair and pleafant Rivers, fuehasforthe multitude of thenii and the largenefr of their refpec^ive dreams are not to be paralleldin any other part of the World : It injoyethcon- Ibntly its proper feafons ofrain and fair wea- ther, no leis than Spahi it felf, and many other Connttks of Europe ; by reafon whereof the Soile is likewife rendred fo exceedingly fat and lady, that it is to be admired what they report concerning the goodnefs and fertility of it. They have in many places twoHarveftiin a year, (u in the Ifl^md of Hifianiola) reaping in and dbontOlioterthtt w^^ they fow in April or May ; and in Maj, that which they fow in OElobsr : yea, fome fay, there is no kinde of I Grain fown at the Wefl- Indies y but in fome places or other it will ripen and be fit to reap within four moneths. All kinde of hearbs, rootSi or wlutfocver fruits of the Garden, as Melons, Cucumbers. &c. in (izteen or twenty] dayes at fartheil. In fome places abufhelot MaU fown ("which is their molt ordinary] bread corn^ yeeldeth two hundred buihels oi incrtafe; and abufhdof thebeft wheat, three- fcore ; an J " tis fatd to be an ufual thing therej of an act iwohun of any ( mean fu growth plenty at in com pa fcious at found el fuch as 1 Europe y have beei mons, Qi thrive we improved and tatte, ftincis of wheat ha mans arn in lengthj a thou fan likewife length, v\ ftance, ai monly ol grain ofi colder foi fiCCift ani n f Si more inens ateced br the f cheic leld in h^on- irwca- ^ other eof the £ly fat ac they tilityof vefti in reaping f few in kinde of in fome : to reap ■ hearbs, irden, as p twenty mftiel of ordinary ufliels of It, three- ng there, oi dfan acre ofgroundwiell husbanded, to reap iwo hundred buQick, or twenty five quarters, of any Grain vyhitfoever. As for Fruits , I mean fuch as are natural and of the proper growth of the Countrie , there is incredible plenty and variety of feveral kindes, and thofe inconsparably fairer, larger, bigger, more lu- fcious and pleafing to the tafte thsn are to be found ekewhere in the World ; And as for fuch as have been tranfplanted thither out of Europe , as moftkindes of European fmits have been, vizy Apples, Pears, Oranges, Ly- mons. Quinces, Figgs, &c. they doe not onely thrive well, but in a Ihort time are exceedingly improved and bettered both in bignefs, beauty, and ta(te, onely through the richnels and !u- ftinels of the Soile. It is faid, that an eare of wheat hath been feen there as big about as a mans arme in the brawn, and of above a fpan in length, and to have had growing in it s^bove a thoufand grains : ARaddiQi root hath been likewife feen there of the fame bignefs and length, vU. of a mans arme,vcry tender of fub- ftance, and of a pleafant tatte. And 'th com- monly obferv'd , that for Wheat and other grain of£«ropf ,they choofe out a kC lufty and colder foile • becaufe otherwife to fow it in tlie fitttftand richer ground, icwuuld run all ouc ^ H 3 mco > i-Ct s »l • ■•» ' \ t f into Mk of a huge height mdced, \m with^ out earing or ever bearing of Coirb. Therigbe whole Woods and Foreft§,as it werej of Oralr. ges, Lymons, Qainceti and other (oirh fruity both for bfgnefs and beauty fair exceedln|; the common ones of Sfuln, of the fame kmde. AttheCittieofCii/r0, which is the Metropo- lis of P^r/y, they have ripe Grapes aU the year long ; and in dtverfe parts of the Countrie there be trees that bear fratt one half of the year oh one Gde, and the other half year on the other, as Ac9fi4 reporteth of his own ex- perience , of a Fig-tree in MaU^ , nigh the Citie of Kings : and others (peak as much of other fruits in other parts of the Cotintrie. And fo it is liktwife for Catrel, I mean fuch as have been brought thither out of EMvope, whe« thcr great or fmal Cattel, m Kine,Sheep, Hogs, GoatS|&c. the increafe that hath been of them would feem to be beyond beliefc, but thtt all Authors affirm it. In the Ifland of Hig^a- moU ("and 'tis likewife the fame in many parts of the Continent, and other Iflinds befide) there are many thoufands of Cattel, that live wilde in Heards upon the mountains having no certain owner ; fo as it is free for any man to kill them that will : and thoufands of them are every yeer killed onely for their Hides and the thel^Ik what gr mens pi onely is head of Faftnrc^ which hi have had Cattel ; a for the Fi as ajre ^X{ (as it IS I Town, C certain n bers, vu Cattel of their own cftates, ta dredi tw^ fand Du^ fplendi^lj or Farmc taining a not infer! tlemen in evidence goodnefs they live J viiti^ Otiir. fruity Dgehe kindf. icopo- 16 year untrie of the M on vnex- gh the Qchof [intrte. fuch as ►, whe- Hogf, fthem iiat all f parts lefide) lat live having lyman fthem esand the tll#itlb>v|f. And ytf 'rii iliwige tpcMiSdji? what great multitude of tham areinprivac mens poffiffion. The BHfaop of Vem^KoitU onelyis faldto biy^ h|4 jic onetime i($ooo. head of great Cattel feeding upon his own Pafturj^f : Aoothfi: p^ have Md QfoneCow which he Icept twenty fix y^ars f^rbrs^^co have h^ ao Increafe pf ei^fit hun^rf 4 hp** of Cattel ; and 'tis not coundM any tin^f^l f ]^ng for the Farmours of America, efpecially Cuch as ajri; i^r^fe&d Qradeits, an4 4.9? ipfertidie (as it 18 the cuftpjn (;here^ ro mi/» ifuch a Towop Cities, or Ptac^ wj(ji Hftftf meat |if f certain rate, by tb? yjew* to fei5^ she Ilk-- nofQ- hers , vk,. len or twenty tbpnOmd hea4 Qf Cattel fof their ow9 ami fefdinjg onelyuran their awp grounrfs; being alb men pr grejii; cftatesi land reckoned commonly at one^iio- dred, two hondrcdt and three hun4re4 thou- fand Duckets a man t and upwards ; iivii|^ fplendi^ly injtheir Mft^mcias, as they cafl thm^ or Firme-houfes in the Countiie, an4 Q9IM9- taining a Table both for 4y^c aA4 P^nam^nt^ not inferionr to moft KnightSjOr the bcQ: pj^n- tlemen in Eitrcpi : which 4opbj;Iefs ifi idi evidence beyond all ditppte , of the goodnefs and fertility 'Of ^he faile ^whcjce they %^ tlHit fw^i m^ ^» Jthef? mM^ J 104 :^. live fo gallantly and jhriye fo well. ^■'^^i^lsiijlj'i -- '> •A^,.i,v ■ - ; Ik Chap. Wl. ■ ■ ''Xil^^" y -'' s ' of thi principal Commeditiis of Amctkt, ifoth V NatsiTdB 4nd Mereamli ; andfirfioflAiii, 'iff Caflavi, Jucca, and othir roots ihirf, of - t^i» ^/^4-*f^rf>S|/rl» .c>i,»V^** -Xil^ '>0% «iii^ % ^kAK"'* ii f. But to give fotne fiirther afluranc^ of ^ /Ch« general richneis and fertility of theCouhtrieatthefrf/?-/iy^i>/i it is requifite that we fpeak fotnthing more in particular, of the feveral Commodities and Froits which America yeeldeth. Theft I diftinguifh into two (ort$iVi^' Commodities Natural and Mer- cantile. I call thofe commodities Natural which are fo proper to the P|ac6 and Countrie of America , that as they grow there, fo are they, at lead: for the mod; part, there like wife confamed and fpent, as not being fo fit or not fo much ufed to be tranfported thence into any other parts by way of Merchandife ; of which kinde, I fuppofe the moft part of their Grain, Fruit, and Cattle may be reckoned to be. I call thofe Commodities Mercantile, jyhich are generally brought from thence^ and in fo great i trade in the the Metals to which m Pearle, pn brought f forts of S| Cotton w( of wood, I which my fore I com feveral Pr< butyetbri referr)|ng.tl upon this ( his Hiftoric neral Hi(l< who treat firft I (hi which I ca fuch as are for the fu( famous pi; plants anc they comr Europe dc 2. Ma rica^, is a 1 s la • -.\: info great aboundance, by. the Merchants that trade in thofe parts ; of which fort are chiefly . the Metals of America, vi^. Gold and Silver, to which mufl: bemadded the great quantity of Peatle, precioos ftones and Jewels , yearly brought from thence , their Sugars , diverfe forts of Spicery and Dr ugg^, aboundance of Cotton wooll and Cloath,Hiaes, many kindes of wood, as well Medicinal as other : of all which my purpofe is tofpeakfomething^be^ fore I come to the particular defcription of the feveral Provinces in which they are found; but yet briefly, according as I am 6blieged,and referr^ingthe Reader for more full fatisfaftion upon this fubfeft^ in cafe he deflre it, to Acefid his Hiftorie of the IrJleSi and to (^z/tWo his ge- neral Hiftorie , whom I chiefly follow, audi who treat of thefe things more at largit. And flrft I fliill begin with thofe Commodities which I call Naturall ; and amongft them with fuch as are of moft general neceflity and ufe for the fuftenance of man^ life, viz. with that famous plant called Maiz , and fome other plants and roots, of which nthtfFefi- Indies they commonly make their bread, as we in fi^r^pf doe of Wheat and other grain. ^ 2. MaiZf the common bread corn ofAme* rica, is a Plants which growech plentifully at the «-w thcmfiJndiinn aoft p«ru of the CootiQeot^ u^amoift and hocgrouod^ ts that generally ii. It growctb upon a certain cam or ceed dFgood bigoeff aiid about two cubits higb from the ground : it growedi grape- wife, that ii^ the grain or fruit thereof, not covered nor ifidofedinanyhuskorcod, as other ^ainsof corn moft commonly are, but open and in c|u* flen^ onely fenced on each (ide with a large and broad leafe, growing upwards by it to cbefiill height of the Afaiz^ Tbeclufter, or bunch of grains, is commonly a &an and half long, fbnnetiaies more, rending uxtipupto* wards the top in the faibion <^ff Sugar-loaf, and of the bigoefs ordinarily ^a mans arme; having upon the top x>f the cluftera certain tufcorbuncfaof loagjiairyfilletsywhid^ as the {[rain comes to maturity, doe likewife grow oag, and bend downwards on one fide of the bunci^ not much unlike lo the fore-top of Time and Opportunitie , as ihey conmooly pifilureit. The grainstof this 4^4gi » ' \ ' '>'iK".if'i'S-. orfoUfamce Wkhio, is {liii as whrC^ ti foovr 9 Mid maketb ft kindc of bretd, for ffaetigtbM flonrithmeot nothing tnferkmr to wheat. It irituraHy iDgendreth much bbod | fo ^c firftngers not Ufed Co it, if they cate overtauch of ic at firft) ate fiibjeA to fwd upon it, to be* ^cofint fcabbie ^ and obnoxious to fnch otfaea difeafesy ai proceed of too much aboondance and heat of blood : buttofuchasareufedto it and eate it moderately, they fay, icisamoft agreeable krnde of food, eaiie of conco£):ton| not at all obftruftivcy as bread wichvtis^ wh&* ther of wheat or other grain, is generaltp hdd to be more or lefs, bat rather in fome d^rea purgative of nosioos humors, and helpf uil au gaidi the ftone, and other oppiiactons of the body • with whkh infirmities the Indians, tfaie continually feed npon this Mak, , both in bread and mialiy other waies drelTed, are ob^ ferved feldotti or never be troubled. The buds of it while they aro green and readier, are of &ch a fat and delicious fubftance, that they ufe them commonly inftead of oyle and butter, being no lefs pleaftnt and agreeable to the tafle. They make Wine of it alfo, oc a drink not lefs ftrong disn Wine, and which, being freely ta- ken, as quickly overcoms a man : whidi they make by fteeping the grains of MaU in W2^ ter \ I • j.^,. X.. cer till it breaks, irA afcerwards boyling it, much afcer the manner as we make ordinarily our beer of Mault. There arr diverfe forts of this MaU, but that which is mofl: commonly lifed for bread, is this already defcribed. Their way of eating it, efpecially with the commo- ner fort of People, is rooft jcommonly boyled in the grain hot, which they doe much after the matiner that the People of C)[rii^4 and J^- pan ufe in the boy ling of their R ice, They have ^m earthen or fome other fort of Vefltlfall of little holes at the bottom and round about the fides below, into which having put fo much of the grains oiMaU as they think fit, and ftopt it up ; they fet it into another veflel which they have full of warer and already boyling on the fire ; fo as the water enters by iittlie and little into the vefTel where the Maiz» is, through the little holes : with which the MaU prefent- ly beginneth to fwel, and afcer a little boyling fo ftops the holes of the veffel, that no more water can enter ; and fo boyling it on dill, it comes at laft from a pulp or fofc moifly fub- ftance, to be more firm and hard, and (uch as iheyufe for bread. And when they eate it fm- gleoraione as bread, they count this the beft way of eating ir, viz. in the grain hot : but otherwifedrcflingit, as they oftentimes doe, with '*i4 ■i-ik J<',* •^ ».Ai. flop.; Avith oyle, butter, fugar, anddiverfe forts of Spice, they make many other pleafanc and de- licious meats of it. This, as I faid^ is the more common way of u(ing it by the ordinary fore of people ; but the rich and better fort grinde the MaU, as we doe our wheat, and bake it, for the 0^ ^ft part, into little cakes, which con- feftioned with iugar and fpices, as they ufe, doe make a very curious and dainty kindeof meat* >'f.-^f^»i;?a,*»v-'.;u-.5-, -«v*>- u?i v.,,.? ^iff^rtl ;. This is their Maiz, or the Indian wheat, as they call it. They have another kinde of bread ^ittheWefi-IfidiescMed Cajfavi, made ofacfeTtain root which they call J/^cc:4 ; it^i^t root of a large fize and lomewhat of a moift fubfiance, the juyce whereof is held to be a kinde of poyfon, efpecially to fome perfons : for of others I read, that they have eate of the root green and full of juyce^ though not with-* out danger, nor perhaps without coding iom« ofthem their lives, as namely the Engliihac Port^ricomdtt the Earle oiCHmhtrland : but the root of it, when it is weU dryed, efpecially iftheyuic fo much arc with it, as togrindeic and work it into pade, is n^ade into a very good fort of bread, yet more nourilhing than toothfome. S^or rhe chief art which they ufe iboutitji is rather in the plaiicingoftherooc -^^^ than -/■:;:; f\ ^ (wo) dttimriCe, of «vUcb liie miiiHilejr «s ibnt Xhey ri^ a lued of eatth ia (bmc ilp% i|i good ibile of about aine or ten foot (quir< •very way, in which ^ at an equall diftance, ttli«yfetttefiortwdi« flips, as I in>y caJl^thm or liate brtnchesi whidi gcow natunAly otu of thrfiune root, jeach of them Aont a food long, oocvery file of the bed commofiJy l^ioe, aadiaid^ aflope within tbe^oundi ikat Ihe ends of them ail doe almoft meet together in JriKiflBiddle ofihebed : Ont of thefe aifter a certain time there fprings a ietofnenwcootSi iivhich fnow commonly to ^ bignefs and ^ifength of-a^ans^me, 4nd fometimes as big^s ^4«iani4i^h ; but this is ^onelyiwlheniheyJet iChem lyae a long time in A^ :gtoond, t;f«. a year, 4Rr year andhatf: butJAwlikewifeiChfii •re&id^aobe befii andtomake theisnQftptea- fiiDt and agreeable baead. By iiiat.time«hey >tre'cometo n»enritie,ithe whole bed orphit of taith, •on which they were pknted/ieemtto CO be«U tnrn^ jnto roots-Uhenithcy^Cake them one of (he grounds mod having fccaped them a little on the ouefide, they flico or cut them into fmall pieces ; -whichdone, in a prefs made for that pBi|K)re, they ifi;rain4mdibfcooutalltbe jnycethfl^ oan, Jiift'in the^finoe^manner aa&Hme Countvi^ /oik ^ftrain crabs, and prab .Aeir cheefc ..»?'.. dieerewhei meahs brot a broad cah np for fon dryed. and etottble. 'I kllidtheea by the ord( nouriftimei yet I reme fayei |itainl eonri^fl: an life. Neith ned and I broadi : i\ dtyhdsofi Wiiit, nor Mlltl;vAi( lh£ar cane "keeps long inftead of^ in'th<:i74ri Cuia, fun plenty tSjcti any defeft rather the (he Aire ai f cry meal htfaeoi ilyotu A food fs ind sbig^s hey Jet Qtptca reifaey plat of emtio echcin dietna nioto delbr liltbe ckeefe dicefe when they intke ft : atul having by th«e mealisbrotigte their fucca mcothefaflikmdf a broad cake, but foioQiewhat thin, they lay k op for fome Ume, till k be more dtron^y dryed. and then ufe it fbrbread without mort ttottble. Tis faid to have little ornotade at hit in the eating fand that's probable enough* by the ordering of it^ but as for vertue autd fioariftiment, wondrous good and wholfome ; ytt 1 remember Jlecfta, who had tafl:edt)f tt> taye^ l^lKiuly, he hid rather ett a piece oftbc conri^ft and blackeft bread be everfawinhis iitb. Neither doe they eateir^ but firft noift* ned and fttep^d in fome water or watm broadi : the reafon whereof ii the ttcdfite dtytids of the bread, whidiisfnch chat ntithic Wittt, ndr Mlll^ nor their Jkfflafo, as they till iv Whloh isine honey or iWeet jnyctof the lii£ar canes will pierce it ; «nd tfierdbieie le^ps long, 9ind thay carrkittonnnonly to Sea inftead of Bisket. By Land it is chiefly uFad in the Jfartoventt Iflands, vi^hich are fijl/paniol^, Cnia, fumaka, &c. where there is notfuch plenty tidier of Wheat or iff 4i« ; ndt Aroogii any defeft o)t bafrennefs of the foile, but asit is rather thou^t, from fome indffpofition of the Aire and CItfflate ; which is fuch, thari!he tery meal whieb they brii^ thither iometiores fto» ( "» ) from New Spain and from the Canaries, con- ^tra<9:5 prefencly (tich a moiftnefs, that they can :bardly make any good bread of it ; and that tiwhtch they doe make will not keep, but in a ^^fewdaies become moitt and flaid again, and :by confequence apt to corrupt ; which is ge- nerally attributed to the over- much humidity i ahd beat of the Countrie. * *^^ " ^- - . 4* There is yet a third fort of bread made at the Indies, which they call CbngnQ, and is made * likewife of a certain fmall root called Pofa. ^Thii^ bread is ufed chiefly upon the Andes^ and fom^ parts of rhe Siena ot Hill- Countrie, and ^generally in all the colder parts and Provinces ..oiAmenaay where the root groweth plenti. ^vfully^and where, by reafon of the cold, there is oQt to great plenty of Wheat or Maiz»^ nor yet pethaps of Caffavi or Jficcd ; which, how #4^ foeVer it be, vvhen they have reduced it to i^Wead , yet naturally is of 2 grofs and juycie .iiibttance, lufeious, or at leaft, not unpleating ,tothe tafte, and requireth a warm and luHy ]; fqile. Thefe Popas are a kinde of fmallcr root, ^|4[ibt unlike to the Suliocaftanum, orground- ^Chefnut, with many leaves growing out upon i^tiiem : which they onely dry vvell in the Sun, and tberi^^grinde them • making a kinde of bread of them;^ vthich will keep long^ and is probably ■' ■ t'A ■ ■ '■ •- - ■ :■ :. :> fkj; :%? ■*- (• _ ,'^'r r (11} of a good and Rrdng nouriOimttl?; for k k muchufed at the Minei of Pototi, where th^ labour is hird. They eate thefe roots alfo drefled othetwife, both boyled and baked, and account them a very good meat. lade at lOiade Popa. }s^ and iCi and xvinces plenti- there «^ nor I, how ditto jyycic leafing diufly :r root, round* topon leSun, fbread :obably V of Of fomi ^hri/e W txaUnn Fruits^ harlng Trmat rJSrr Weft-Indies. ;J;-1' .■ ,'>i ■ ■ffJ? J I. Hey have likewife plenty of Rice and Millet growing in Amhriea ; buc becaiiTe they ufe them not fo generally foe bread, and chat chey are not proper to tht Q)ontric, bnt found as pletitifuliy elfwhere, I (I^ali pal's them overt and come to fpeak 6f Tuch FruitSi Fruit*bearing trees, and others^as sre peculiar to the Ne^^vftrU, and either not at alitor not fo plentifully, or atleaftnotoi fuch perfection and excellency found an]( Iwhere elfe. ^^■.. ? ;.-; -- - - ...^ 'vM-..'- .^^ ■;, 2, Ampngft the Fruitsy and trees that bear IFruit, at the Nt"^ World, the Pla$anoy or finom, tree, I fiippofe, for many refpedb may defcrva pe firft place; not that it is the farhe tree which |p/i>2 and thf Anct«n(a call tbs Plane, bein^ '" '-^'■^ ''f ■ >' ' '.neither :;.*as^r -*•* -a.i.- :.S: \ neither fo big (in any proportion) nor afford- ing fuch a fliade as ttie Roman Plane is faid to doe ; but onely for fome refemblance whkh it beareth towards it , and efpecially in the largenefs of its leave.% wherein the Plane at the Indies doth much exceed even that of the An- cients. It groweth commonly two fiadesi or twice the height of a Mani from the ground, in a moid and wet foile, which it necefTarily requiretb, by reafon that it makes a great ftocki as they fay, in the ground, that is, it cafteth a very large root every way roand about its bulk or body : which it feif is not much above thebignefsofamans : out of which root, on all (ides their fpring diverfe Siens or yoimg Planes, round about the principal tree, every one apart by himfelf, and bearing fruit. The leaves of it are of a wonderful! bignefs,ofan ell broad, as fome fay, and above an ell and half long, hanging down to the ground, and fufficient to cover an ordinary man of Itature from head to foot. The Fruit is for the mott part a fpan long, and of the thicknefs of a Mans wrift, fomewhat bending in the middle, and groweth in clutters commonly upon one bough, but that one fo well laden, that it is faid to be no unufual thing to gather two or three hundred Apples off tbac one bough. The ■ i . . . Apple Apple c but as it within I fant Frt ny timei veflels I and fwe The me when th( litious a Chelefs 1 bearethf ufuall at Fi^uit-bei bough or beareth i prefentJy is a conti fprigs,y< followii ftock, Tl this kindf the fruit revenue t\ in the h eating iti likewife kedj conl 'H: l._ Apple or Fruie of the FUm U it: firft green : but as iC comes to ripenefs, ie turns yellow both within and without, and becomes a moft plea- fant Fruit both for fight and tafte; though ma- ny times they gather itgreen^and let it ripen in vefTels made for that purpofe ; but it is beft and fweetaft, when it ripens upon the tree : The meat or fubftance of the Fruit within, when the rinde is taken off, is tender, very de- licious and well nourishing, inclining never- thelefs rather to cold than heat. The tree beareth fruit all the yearlong (%% they fay, 'tis ufiiall at the fl^efi- Indies for many or moft Fii'uit- bearing trees to doej and yet the fame bough or ftalk on which the fruit hangs, never beareth twice ; but being cut away, anothec prefentJy fprouteth in its room : fo that there is a continuall fucceffion, as it were, of new fprigs, young boughs, green fruit and ripe,evec following one another upon the principal (lock. They are faid to have whole groves oC this kinde of tree in many ^itt%oi America^ the fruit whereof yeelds no little proHt and revenue to the owners; it being a fruit where- in the Indians doe generally much delight, eating it commonly not onely raw, but likewife roafted , boyled in pottage , ba- kedf conferv'd, confcftioned , and a hun- '•' ,. 1 2 : -• > drcd -Vr "•* A-..«<. dred other w&yes, in all which it fervethTcry .well. . ^3* *I'bc ^^^^ is. another excellent Fruit at the Indies. The tree which beareth ic,t$ recko- ned a kinde of Palme tree, not properly^but by reafon of fome refemblance it hath in growth to ithe ordinary * Palme. It grows much opon the Sea coaft, upon a dry and fan* dy gtound, yet alwaies hofi : and 'tis faid then beft of all CO flourifli, when 'cis planted ncer €0 a Village, or fome honfes, or by the way fide, feeming, as it were to be delighted, and to thrive the better for the duft and dirt, which in fuch places it is beaten wichall. The body of the tree is fmooth and Hender, being in no part bigger about than a mans middle, and growing ftill more and more {lender towards the top : nor doth it ever (hoot forth a bough, fprig, or leafe, but at the very top, which is ofually of the height of thirty or fourty foot at leaft ; Bat there it brancheth out into many fmall boughs , in fafliion not unlike to aU Oftridges feather, thick fet and not growing upward, but running out and fpreading broad, as they grow, on all (ides ofthe tree or (lock. Uunderneatb, and, as it were^ in the (hade and coverture of which boughs, the Cocos, or O- ksr-nnUp u they call them (which are die fruit :. V ' ©f ;/;- ' If ("7) 'I :;;ie of the tree) doe grow in little clufters feme* limes three or four of them together, imine. dliatly out; of the ftecn or ftock of the tree, retcbiiig according to the number and quan* tityofthem^that grow, about a yard or mors downward from the boughs. Every Coc^ot Nut is commonly as big ai a mans head| of the fa(hfon of the le^er fort of Mellons, andoffo bard a (hel, that if one of them (hould happeit Co light upon a mam head, falling from the tree (ts commonly they doe fall when they are ripe j conlidering the height of the tree, H would have no great need of a Surgeon. Ne- verthelefs the Fruit it felf is admirable and rare in many refpefts, and ferves the Indians for « hundred ufes both of necellity and delight. Outwardly it is fenced with a green rinde or covering oft fibrous TublUnce, fu!i of many fmall ftrings or (inews, like threds • which therefore, when it is dry, they card out into t kinde of hards or coucfe Tow, acd make cord- age of it, ropes for their Canoa's and (hips^ Mitch • bat moft commonly they ufe it fot the ftopping up of the ribs of (hips, and in leakes ; to which purpofe itferveth eiccllently well, by reafon that if it be never fo little rooiftencdi it prefently fwclsiand by that meant keeps out water better than any other ftu^ {>*v I 5 ihey > ■4 ■ s4#' y^A.r^rj > (lit I .#». '«;r 'V- '■' - *^ they ciQ ufe. Neit to this rind'e or ootmoft covering , which is commonly two fingers thick, there is a hard (hell which contains in it a certain liquid fubftance, veiy deliciotif and )pleafant| which while the fruit is green» is thin and deer like water , but as white as milk, ifrhich they therefore drink both for the dain- tinefs of the tafte, and to cool them in the heat; but when the fruit comes to be ripe, it grows more jelly and thick, and like wife more plea- iant. The quantity of it is commonly a pint and half, or a quart, more or lefs according to the bignefs of the Cm. Of this liquor, belide that they drink it immediatly out of the fruit, as Ihave faid, according to fevertlwaies which they ufe it, they make both Oyle, Wine, Vine- gar, akid alfo milk of it ^ and ferves reafonably Well in all. The U^or it felf drunk raw out Of ih(5 fruit, is thought to be fomewhat flatu* lent, aiHl to breed crudities and other grofi hailrK>urs in the body, if it (houid be drunk pTer-miich : neverthelefs it procures urine tboundantly, and d^ey fay the Indians, who continually drink of ir^ are fo little troubled % 1th the (tone or any^ther infirmities of the ]R.eins, that they know not what they mean : and it yeeldeth fuch plenty of this liquor, that j»ne tree of thcfe Cq€os y if it ihrives welli is . ^ thought thought I of no gr Oyle, an moneth i CocoSy ai beareth n moneth. kernel of Coc9. Th tafie mud the reft of taining lii care liquo ble and c way to CXI is to cut tf mod efpe( it is green and drop than Wi( prepared commonlj of Honey which is 4.Th( groweth muchlefii oylie fubl ( »«9 ) thought fafficient to Tupply t whole Family of no great number of perfons, with Wine, Oyle, and Milk of it felf alone. For every moneth it (hoots forth new boughs and new Cccos, and 'cis not counted a good tree that beareth not fourty or fiftie Cocos^ at leaft, €Tery moneth. In the midft of this liquor lyethttre kernel of the Nut^ or the principal meat of (he Coc$. This is a white and tender fubftince, in. taftemuch like unto Aloionds, taking up all the reft of the room in the Coco-Qa^X^ and con- taining likewife in it another fweet and if^i^ care liquor, vyhich islield to be both comforta- ble and cordial. They hive likewife another way toextradk Wine out of the Coco ; which is to cut the rinde and bark off the tree, bot moft efpecially off the boughs and fruit, while it is green> from which prcfently there iflbeth and drops a certain liquor no lefs pleafant than Wine, which they receive into veffell prepared for that purpofe ; which liquor th^ commonly ilfo boyle, and make oficakiniM of Honey or Sugar, more eft^emed than that which is common. -^^ " ^ -h . f^^ S ' '-^ / ■•.; ■^ 4. There iis another kinde of this Cor^^which {rowethmoft upon ihz And^t, inbignefmoc much lefs than thie other ; but inftead of the fac oylie fttbftance ia the middle of thofeof the I 4 f : firft firll: foKt, there ire filled with an huge nnmbec of fmiU kernels or nuts, like to Almonds, or dieg^aines of a PomegrJinate admirably coip* jpaSed and laid together. Thefe kernels dtffec not mnch from Almonds in tafte, and are a meat reafonably pleafant, fo as the Confe6lio- oers ttfe them commonly for Marchpains and Dther banquetting StuflF, inftead of Almonds ^ mlthoaghof chat kinde of fruit, t^f«. Almonds, ifaey wfant not moft ezcelleni ones at the fVifi' 7mbV//efpacially thofe of the Province of Chu- wmjst in the Kingdome of Pirn, which are find to be the moft pleafing » delicate , and iwholfome fruie in the World, of a more fat tender and delicous fubftance by far^than thofe of C^fiili, and for the moft part mnth liiggen 5* &(ides thefe, there is at the ?^i^mrld Inothcr tree called Ccca, which though it bea- tidinotany fruit that is much fpoken of , yet S'ffeafonit hach fome aflBnitie of name with e Ccco, and is likewifr a tret not a little tfteoned there , it requireth that we fpeak fomedting of it. It is atreethit grows well onelv upon hot and moifl: eronnds, and not Innch above a fadiom high mm the ground ; Jit requiring good care and sUl to hosband it. t if in cftimatjoR o&dy fof ita broid Icafe^ T ---^.^ • -;• ^ yllKb y J- # itbn- >f, yet ewith i little I fpetk i% well ad not ound ; ud it. fill) which it caReth forth every fourth fflooeth new, to which leefe the Indians attribute I know not how many ftrange verrues and ope- rations. This is certain and confirmed by dai- ly experience , that it heipeth much againft wearinefs of the bodie in any kinde of labooe or travetl , chat it reviyeth and exhilarates t mans fpirits, Teeming to infufe new courage and ftrength into him ; infomuch that the In«' dians will oftentimes goe three or four dates together about bufinefs with no other meat or vitals but a few leaves of this Ccca cham- ped in their mouthes. For which reafon 'tit counted one of the chiefeft Commodities at ^ P^ro^f^ riot onely amongft the Miners the ro- felvesy but generally with ^'A other People | and they travel far; to get it » vk^ as fae as the jindis , on the skirts whereol: it chiefiygroweth. They gather it with agreae dealeofcare; and the leafe being very broad» I they have great Baskets or Hampers made on parpofe, into which they put ir, and folade |their Mules or "Pofds with it, and awsiy foe i PctoKi, where it is prefent Merchandife. Thcjr fdlitfor the moft pare at three or fonrjpf* |fto/ 1 Basket , and vend commonly one veer witlli another fonr-fcQie or a hundred thodi fimd Basket ithere. W— (► . . • - ■ v" v-^ I , A • { >■- » ■".*• .'■"' '■-'*' ( nt) 6. Another admirable tree there is at the Indies, called the Magney pr Mete-tree ; of which they report wonders, as namely that ic yeeldeth them both Water, Wine, Oyle, Vi- negar, Thredi Needles, and I know not how many other necefTary things befide ; not alto- gether untruly. The tree, according to the defcription which Acofia gives of it, is of a big body^ and groweth commonly in the open fields, being of a moift and tender fubftance, hollow in the midft : which therefore, whenic is green, they ufe to cut • and at the places where they make incidon, there iffueth a cer- tain liquor fre(h and fweet, which they com- monly drink raWi as ic iiTueth from the tree, gathering ic in Veflels of gourds , C^r^-^hels, and others which they fee there on purpofe to recdve ic. This liguor, according as chey fi^ckor boyle ic more or lefs, becomes a Wine of a pleafanc good caSe, or Honev, or Sirup, or Vinegar, every one in their kinde good and wholfome. le bearech a large broad leafe, or rather, as fome fay, diverfe kindes of leaves • of which, while they are tender, they make rare and curious confervea ; bae whtiv they are grown but to their full bignefs, being of a {rofi fibrous fubftance^ they draw oucofica fcidde of thred like unco Hentp or Flax, which r ihqf y at the fi I of thit ic le,VU thow alco* :o the s of I : open hnce, irbenit places a cer- Gom- le tree, -(hels, )ofe CO \ they Wine Sirup, )daDd afe, Of ^aves ; Ice rare ey are I of a of ic a which (nj) ■;>; ::^:".>. «.■-!..; iil-r they afterwards fpin and work into Mantles, Mates, Shoes, Girdles and many other necef*^ fary things^ and of the reft rnike a foct of conrfe Paper ^ and of the point of th. leafe, which is both hard and a!(o very (harpi they make Needles, that is, fuch inftruments to fowSfvithail as they had and tifed before the Spaniards came among them. The bark of the tree is both fat and very undious ; fo that^ being roatlcd they make a falve of ir, as 'cif faid, very good f i hurls, bruife§ and old fores* and from the boughs they gather a certain gum» which they likewife report to be a fovereigii Antidote againft poyfons. The trees grow generally in all parts of the JVefilndhf, but chiefly in the Countrie 6f J/^atiV^ andiVeW J^4fv;wher there is fcarfe anindian to be found worth the houfe that he dwels in, but will be carefuil to have fome of chefe trees planted and growing about it, for the many neceflarie fup

riie letWs long tnd ltrge,ndt Hitrp or pointed^ bat ronnd ac the ends, and of the chicknefs of t mini thumb or finger : in which minntr growing, ic poffeflTech in time t good larg9 ^ce of ground, and likewife grows upward Into the fafliion and height of fome ordinary tree. Its manner of growing is onely by|i£w kar^f fprottting out at the ends of theold* and the old ones ftill waxing bigger and bigger* fo that at laft it fetmeth to have got a body and boughs, which is yet nothing eife but the roots of tN bigeft and eldeft leaves, now at length come to be hardned into a ftock or (runk ; the liaves themfelves being commonly thick fet with certain long and ihirp prickles, of a jwhitiAi colour. There are two forts of them, the wilde,^ and the garden or planted TmaU ; both of which beare a fruit, but vexy different one firom the other,both fo^ tafte and nfe. The flixim or planted TmMS, bears a fruit well cfteeiped with the Indians for ineat , being fomewlMt bigger thaa ordinary plums, and ha* ving many little grains lying in th^ pulp or fttbtbmce of ity like figgs, of a white colour, good tafte, end no lefs pleafant than figgi; and befide that, of a delicate fent or fmelL The fiuit of the «vilde TrnfoB is green, growing (as alfo the other doth) out of the very top of the leafe, in or towardi broad and with a fet o or Coronei in,is]uycie any way a ferve : it i with a deep berries ; an( of thofe ih ail turned have been i thereof^ an finding thei and not kr Within the grow upon ny little gn of the Tm them, ther kinde , rou trunck of oi ofthegrou into leaves ceffiv^ly- as as we faid^ti but fpr ano 115 the letfe, in the fafhioo oft figi narrow bdow or towards the leafe, but upwards growing broad and round, and on the top invironed with a fet of thick leaves in fa(hion of a CrowR or Coronet. The pulp of it.or fubftance with- in, is juycie andredi but neither pleafing, nor any way commended for the taftci as I ob- ferve : it ftains the hands ofany that touch it with t deep red or (anguine colour, like Mul- berries ; and which is more than that, the urine of chofe that eate of it> will feem as if it werir all turned into bloed ; infomuch that fome have been much frighted at their firft eating thereof, and taken themfelves for dead men,^] finding their urine to be (b ftrangely changed, - j and not knowing the qualitie of the fruit. • Within the Coronet, or circle of leaves, which grow upon the top of the fruic, there are ma- ny little grains contained', which are the feed of the Tufiatt, and out of which, if they fet them, there fprings forth a Plant of the fame kinde, round-bodied and not unlike to the trunck of other trees^when they (irfl; fpi ing out oftheground, whidi prefently fpreads ic feif into leaves growing one out of another fuc^ ceffiv^ly^ ks the firft did. This kinde oiTnnat; as we faid^is not fo much regarded for \x% fruic, but fpr another commoditie which^comes of it, y ■»■. ' .•^*. • 'J fl 1/ ~ \ ' •'■t"'t y ' •f far greiter profie and advantage than th frott could be, were it much better thao ic is > W«. for the grain, called Cochinele, fo famou and fo much ufed by the Dyers for the dyin ^ of perfeft Scarleci, or colours in grain, whie % is made of this tree in manner as followetfa Upon the leaves of the wilde THnaB cher groweth ufually out certain tuberous or fun goui ezcrefcencies, which, in time^ turn into Icinde of InKed, or Worme, and multiplyj^th fomuch^ that at laft all the leaves of the tree, Iwhich^ as it was (aid/ are very large, and as thick ordinarily as the thumb or finger of a 'mans hand> feem Co b« turned into a web o Worms, hanging and interwoven together by thcfibrd, or little finews of the leaves. Thefe webs or verminated folio's of the Tm$§all^ the Indians husbrnd with a great deal of eare and induftrie, both while they are a breeding and afterwards, till they be well dryed ; at which time making them up into boxes or little casks, they fend them into Spain, and other parts of (he World, as a great and rich Mer- chandife; which doubtlefs they are.' For 'crs faid,they fendxommonly, one year with ano- ther, betwixt five and fix thouland .rfrrd^#/ of Cochinili onely into Spain (every Arroh con* laining five and twenty pound weight at leafl:) which, .■^" m. .f*.- which , according to the ufuil rate they are fold at) amounts to two hundred eighty thre« thoufand, feven hundred and dftit Peicos by account. , . ' n ^ S. Nor may I quite forget the Hovo, or Hohi, as fome call it; for though it be not a tree that beareth any excellent f^uit ("for the fruit it beareth is onely a fmall yellow Piumi of the bigneb of a Damofin, and of little fidi- ftanceormeat, by reafon of the greatnelsof ^ the ftone) yet becaufe it gives fuch a propictons and healthy (hade, as they fay it doth, fo as both Indians and Spaniards feek it out on par* pofetoreft andfleep under it, it deferves, at leaftythat I Oioul whereof , being of a mote tender and oyiie fubftance, they boyl, and make a lavatory or bath of it , exceeding good and whoifome, efpcciaily for the leggs, in cafe of any extraor* dinary weaknefs or wearinefs^ from what capfe foever proceedings It groweth chiefly upon theStreitofDmf;;^ but genarally in all parts of Cafttila del $f$, and not much elfewhere, . --/s;. ;':-;v-:.^'^.-:>^-::.y-^' and, ^ .••: V 'm'^] -^- mm Mi, 1$ they fiiy, hath tlwiies s good aire aboiitl it. Ifkbeio, it faems given by God, tst re- fBcdy and rcUefe unto the poor people qf thofi: hot Coiintrief , who ufe much co lye abroad and fleep in the fields, againft the inconvenien- ces, which otherwife they might be fc^jed: un- to, by means of another tree, which ($sOvieJ$ affirms, but nameth not^ grows much in the fame parts, of fuch a pefttient and contagious quaiitie, that if a maii reft never fo little undea it, |ie (hall be fure prefently co feel fome indi« fpofition in himfelf ; and if he ftayes or ven- tures to fleep under it, his head and face will fwell> and his eye- lids in a (bore time be dofed «p : yet is the tree, to looic upon, hit and goodly, of a green flourifliing colour, well branched and adorned with Roughs and thick leaves on all fides , and the fruit it felf fo pleafing both to the eye and tafte, that fcarfe any man , efpecially that ii a ftranger , but would be induced to tafte of it ; which yet no man can doe without danger, it being of fuch a noxious qualitie>that of it,together withfome other ingredients the Indians ofold time were wont to make the poyfon, wherewith they in- venomed their arrows, fo mifchievoofly, that 'tis laid,fcarre one man in fourty that happened 10 be wounded by them^cfcaptd dcetbu This tiff tree grcweth much upon the gixlk of Vratd^ which lyech upon the Countrie of Darien «- bovefaid; and mine Author thinksi that if the unhappic fruit which deceived our firft parents in Piradife, be to be found on earthy 'tis as like- ly to be this, as any other he knows. Chap.VIIL ' ' ■ ' s - 1 Of Cacao, and the famous drinks catted Cho- cclacte, of Acolle , and other dnnkj ufed at the Weft- Indies. *^ '^^ -kf. t. I Should commit t great oversight, if in treating of the Commodities and Rarities of the Ne'^World, I fhould forget the Cacao ; which.though it be but a fmall fruit,or- dinarily nor. bigger than anAlmond,and hardly offogoodatafte; yet becaufe it is fo proper to the Coiintrie, fo plentifully there growing, and likewife fo much efteemed and ufcd as ir if;, almoft in all kinde of bartery and traffiquC| I mnft not altogether omit it; It is a fruity which with the Americans is almoft every thing ; it is both meat, drink, and money. It grows upon a fmall tree of the bignefs and Ufhion of that of the Pome- citron, thriving K • belt i '♦ r ' -'^v • . 'v*^^! .%■•■ 'i!^^ iV • ■ -if 1 _ ' '""V^ l-> r ir^ 5.- ■-•*. ( »F ) bctft upon hot groiindi yet in fach pUces where it is well (hadowed from the Sun. There be levenl kifl^^s of theoi 3 tnd by the deicripcion which Hfi!iMm/^«> or rather Antwiui Reechias, m9kiSi&fthcCaea9, in his general Hiftorie of American Plants /printed at Rome 16$ i. it feems that Herrera, Acofta, and others are not fo ezaft in their report ofthis fruit, who gene- rally defcribe it is a frqit fome what lefs chan an Almond, whereas Hemafidez,, a Dodor of Phyfick, and one who lived many yeers in thofe parts, by command of the King of Spain, on purpofe to obferve the Natures of fuch Plants and Phylical rarities as Ammca afford* cd, mskes fome kindcs oi Cacao to be as big as 9 good Mellon e' ^oippion, and none lefs than the greateft fort of Applet. To reconcile them I fuppofe we muft fay, that what Acofla^ Her^ rera, Mid Others pll the C4C40, is but the ker- nel of that C^ac which HnnandtK defcribeth^ and th4t there grow many of thefe leffer Ca^ caos together, in pne common husk, rinde, or (hell ; which HernoHiU^iMkewKc intimates when he fayes the CacM$ contains within it divirfifmaU parts (hjf c$mpa(led t§ieth9r% tnd afterwards calls that thi feed, or kernel , •f Cacaa, which the Ameiicani, ofe infiead of money, and whereof they make drink, which IS u '^ n W\: h the very CMca9 ehac Ac9fiM tod otfaery oody mention, without taking notice of tay other* It is a fruit of a tender and fat fubftancc, of good AOQrifhment, efpecially roaftcd, boyled, or any other way dreflPed : raw, or eaten out ofthefruitouely)itcaQfeth| as fome by, oppi- iations and obftruAions of the ftooach. Vet the Indian women love it extrcamly, and think themfelves never well bvx when tiiey are fuck- ing the* skin or film of it» which tt commonly a white jnycie fabftance, but fomctimes red or Murrey, which they finde to be very cooling to them in thofe hotter Climates, and have an opinion alfo that if* "vtakes them fair. It is t fruit that lafteth Ion: , '^ id impaireth not much by age ; in refpeft whereof, and that k i$ fo gencrilly efteemed there, the Indians com-^ monly ufe it inftead of money, ashathbeea faid, buying, or having in exchange forC^^a almoft every thing ki the Market. But the duef reafon of its fo general efteem and ufe at the fVift^InJiii \%^ a certain drink theyoiakeofit/ called CkHnlmti ; which, becaufe it is a h'quoc that the Americans extreamly love, and thac it begins likewife to be cryed up ki fome pasta oiEHfpfi for an ezcetleit drink (though ail men give not ^e fame report of it) 1 (taXU rclacciai briefly as I cao,how th^iuake ii|firom K t the 1 I the report of a late traveller in thofeparts. , 2. They take a certain quantity of Cacao nuts or alcnond5,as we calf them;which, having well dryed,they pouna chem w^^ foro cods of Chili, or long red Pepper o^ Amiriea, a haodfull of Annifecd, fome quar ;y of Cinuamoi9,Clove5, and Itkewife of wh.«e Sugar , till they have brought theoi all into a foft powder, or pafle, which they put up into boxes or tablets of what quantitie and bignefs they pleafe, laying it dm upon paper within the box , from which, upon occaiion , the powder or pafte will eafily feparate ; but to any thing that is of earth or wood it ftichs faft. They put to it likewife certain grains of Achktte , which is another firuit of the fVefi-Indies, growing much after the manner of Cacao, vU» many grains of it together in one huik or cod, all of tb'cmx^. This is oe^ely to give the Cacao a good colour ; and the AcUotte is commonly pounded by it felf» and fold in boxes, or little round cakes, yet fo fine and dry, that it will ea- (ily mixand incorporate itfelfwiththeCuc^p, to give it tin Aure. The better fort, and they that mean to make the Chocolatto rich and very pjeafingi add many other ingredicots; but chefe already mentioned are the mod com- monly nfdd I and the CacM thus ma^c upi they fell ^.Hf ■ . • A, \ -^' fK5^ icts. tiucs well hili, II of ;)ve5, have iaP.e, tj of from ptfte t is of : to it lich is ( '« ) 4> fell ofually at four (hiliingi a pound. This is Choc$latte, or the confeAioned Caca$. And as there is difference in the compofition of it^ fo likewife they drink it diverfe waies. The richefl: is that which is ufed by the Gallants aad Ladies at Jktexko, viz. to drink hot with AtoBe^ after this manner. They diflfolvc a box or tablet of Cacao in fome little quantity of pure hot water, (landing on the fire ; and ha- ving firft with a Molinet, or fome other in^ ft rumen t| ftirred it up, and well mixed the Cacao and water together, they put fo much of AtoUe into it f as fills up the Cup orvelTellt and fo drink it by fuppings very hot. This AtoSe is it felf a rich !ind delicious liquor, of which I (hall fpeak by and by. But the mod ufual way of drinking it is, to diffolve a box or Tablet of Cacao in hot water, and having well fweetned it with Sugar, to drink it with- out more adoe, onely with fome conferves, or Naples- Bisket, either dry or fteepad in the Chocoldtte, as every one pleafe. Sometimes al- fo they diflolve it in cold water, and ftir it con- tinually with a Molinet, til it rifetoafcumg or froth , which they take off, and put into fome other veflel or cup, and make the other hot ; which when they have likewife fweetned with Sugar, they poure out into the vefTel, ■ K 3 where # / ■"!*'«■" ^^! f- (i}4) wherii cha fcunk or froth ii thtc wis firft taken oS, tnd fo drink them both together. But this wiy is not held to be fo good, as cauling ob- ftriKkions and windinefs in the ftumach : whereas the cfifefti of Chocolsne well tempered and moderately takeni re (kid to be, that it fortifyeth and comfor.. theftomach; which it the JVifi-InMis , in many perfons, is fre* quently fobje^ to a Cachexia , or fainting fome hours aifter meaie, whether it be from tny peculiar indifpoHtion of the Aire or Cli- inate,or from (bm natoral weaknes and infoli- dity in the food or dyet of theCountrie; which though it be for the moft part lafcious tooth* fome and pleafing in the palate, in what kmde foefet it h^ whether of flelb, fi(h or fruits, yet b it not heM Co be <^fo ftrong and folid nutri« inenc,af the dyet cfEmofe generally is,It is faid likewife to revive and exhilerate the fpirtts very inuch^ to help concoAion, to make hifty and corpulear, and may be well taken three times tday, in the mcming, i little before dinner, and fome three or four hours after, bat very moderately, and never exceeding one rcafona- hk draughc at a time:and a if man hith oceafi- on to watch, or (it up late, it will hetp him very much to take one cop of it more about eight or nine a dock at night. r 3. Now now oftl Wh( fomi Sugi thcC ble fv much ftoma a rare Sc^^ i it wil made into «] parts ^ Indian theyc hadbi dedto into it .( 3 • Now ti for AtoKi, of which I fpske eyec now^ ic is t drink of ic felf very delicious, made of ehe juyce of the young Mai^, or Indttn Wheat, much like onto Almond milke , hut fomwhat thicker , and fo confedioned with Sugar, Spices, Muik and ochei ingredients of theCountrie, thatic is not onely of Admira- ble fweetnefs, both for the tafte and fmell, but much more nutritive find comfortable to the ftomach ; and woiitd doubtlefs be accounted a raredtink in Em'ofi, if it would endure the Sea, or could be tranfpoited thence, but that it will not : whereas Ch6C0latti , or Cacn^^ made up in boies, as we faid, is fent abroad into Spain, Flandcrsg Italt, ind many other parts of the World. The Commoner fort of Indians have another kinde of drink , which they call Chica, a belfiih fltp^ and fuch, as if it had but fome gMtf quantity of Hen* bane ad- ded to the ToadCy which they commonly put into it, and fteep him .^here till he be dead and quite conAsmed, would be a draught fitter for the Devill than a Chiiftian. They take a great Jarre or veflei of the fort of thole whkh ufu- ally they have from Sfiin, and put in fome certain qutntity of wi•* >f / ) \^J: thefe, to give tc t ftrength igreeable to their PaUts that drink it, they put io good ftore of the roots and leaves of Tobacco^ andoffeve- rali other roots of the Countrie, of Itrong and violene operation^adding to all^the biggeft and blacked toad they can finde : and haying fp done, they clofe up the Jarre, and let it (land for the fpace of three weeks or a monech, till all the ingredients be throughly- Iteeped and , confumed; after which, they drink it. And though, for the mod part, at the firft opening of the Jarre, it gives a fent that a ilranger hath much adoe to indure, yet the Indians love it and ^.ink it excelfiveiy , having many great meetings onely to drink Chica ; and moil com- monly they carowfc fo long ac it, that they are all of them not onely drunk, which is ufual with them, but eyeii raging mad with it ; in- fomuch that the Spanifli Officers and Magi. Urates among them labor what they can to prohibit fuch meetings, but all in vain ; cu- fiome and the naturall inclination of the Americans to drink and fwill very much, hi- therto prevailing againft their endeavors. I am not ignorant tint fome Authors give abetter charader of a certain drink at the fFtft- Indies, under the name of Chica • nor can I fay whicii of them it Is^tbM hach mil|:aken the name : This lam .•j-V . JiC Itm furei th^ Author, whom I follow, pre^. tends CO be an eye wicnefs, and to havefeea with his eyes chat which he reports of the thing it felf, viz.. the quality of the drjnlc^aD^ manner of drinking it by the Indians : whicfi in truth fcems to me to be but a reiique of their old barbarity and favagenefs ; and there- fore I (hall fpeak no more of it. ■ft{ 4i < <-.#*;'''.'*> 0-, ^h'. .^"A'] Chap. IX. '4 i/O ./; Of the ahoundance of Cattel at the Weft-* Indies ; and of feveral forts of Beaftt yand other Creatures , both of Land and JVater froper to the New World. '^M '*i ■:^ W I. ' *,";. '■ I Mud for brevities fake, and to com- ply with th.e intentions of my friend, who calls for chefe imperfed: Notes with (bme importunity, pafs by many particular things, otherwii'e not unworthy to be known, in the rank of Trees, Plants, and Fruits ; andonely refer the reader, defirous of further fatisfadtion herein, to the elaborate and choife Hiftory of American Plants and rarities, above mentio- ned, written by Frdncifcm Hernandez*^ a Spa- ni(h Do6lor of Fhyiick, augmented and ac* curately <^ *• .* -> .' , .' • \_ carately comffieiited upon by UarJm Anu- nimRicchm tnd lulitny Jo^nes Tefrentiw, apdotheri : proceeding my Ij^If to give fome brfefe accoonc concerning the Cittel> and fuch other Deafti of Ammca^ as may feem moft worthy of oor knowledge. We hive faid be- fore, that the Cattel of Europe, which have been tranfported thither, have thriven aboun- dantly , and multiplyed into fuch incredible numbersyis well Kine or great Catcle, as thofe of the lefTerfort, t/i«. Sheep, Hoggs, Goats, &c. that Swine, and alfo great Cattel in the Iflands, efpecially of /fij^4iifW4, and in many parts of the Continent befide , live wilde in beards upon the Mountains, and may be kiUed by any body that will take the pains to doe it. Yea, they lay that the very doggs which the Spaniards carried over, and which did them nota little fervice, when time was, againft the Hiked Indians,have multiplyed fo exceedingly, that they goe alfo in companies, like other Wflae Beafts, up and down the Conntrie, and aupsoneofthegreateft inconveniencies to w^^ Ac Countrie of America is fubjeA, for the fi^ief that they doe to their Sheep and other fmall Cattel, being become almoft as ravenous and bad as fo many Wolves, and feem to be Ikcle kfs than metamorphiz'd into Wolves, , ... .. ,. ^ by ,«isi by theit wild and mouncaiiioui breeding, and by rea(ba of a ftrange fiercenefs which they have concraded by fdch breeding and living. So as the Spaniards that brought them thither, are forced to keep guard, and co maintain,as it were, a defenfive fparre againft their own Creatures. Neverchelefs in the molt Tniand Countries of America^ where the Sf^niards live and many hundreds of leagues from the Sea, or any part of the iflands, there is fo great plenty of flc(h meat, that for a Ryall of plate, which is but (ix pence Englifli money, i mtn may buy thirteen or fourteen pound weight of the beil Beef, Mutton, or Pork, in the Market oftnOkligado (as they call hkm) orfomeof his Deputies , who are men appointed and bouhd, as we faid before, to ferve fuch a Citir, Town, or Place, with fltfli meat, at a certain rate, all the year long. So that omitting to fpeak any thing more concerning forem of European Cattel at the Weft - Indie Sy I (hall fpeak onely, and chat very briefly, of fuch Cat^ tel, and other Creatures, as are more proper to the New fVorld, ^"^em either moft worthy, or moft neceffary to be known by us^beginnii^ fir(l with thofe of the Land. 2. And among the Land Creature! of America, I fuppofe the Pacos , or Feruvim ShceR ^•^•:; tl^' . . (140) SheefT* as they commoniy count tnd call them, iday by right come in the Rm place, being the ; moft profitable Catcel of the Countrie, I ha4 almoft faid, of the World, aflfording the In- dians both meat, clothing, and femce. Icisa Beaft of a reafonable good (lacure» bigger than a Caife, and fomewhat lefs than a Bullock of turoyear old, and bears a burthen,for the moft part , of 150 pound weight , without the charge either of faddle or fliooing, as both Horfeand Mules require, feeding onely upon fuchmeat as they finde upon the roade ; and in cafe they finde none, travelling fome dayes without either meat or water. There are two forts of thefe Paces; one that bears a good fleece of wooll • the other fmooth and bare, yet foinewhat the ftronger of the two for bur- then. They have long necks like a Camel, and are ofdiverfp colours, white, black>grey, and fpotted. Their fleili is likewife very good meat, efpecially while they are young, and of their young ones^ which is faid tp be the ten- dereft and mofl: delicate that can be eaten, though they kill not many of them by reafon of their ncczttaty fervice,and fo great plenty of other meat. But of their wooll they make fe* veral forts of cloath ; one moregrofs and com- mon : the other very fine, which they call -.•^*"-;*il^. 14 1 Camti ; and ferveth for Carpets, Coveringi, ^ and many other ufes, lading long, and having a good luftre, and (which is foroewhac more carious) woven on both fides alike, without difference. They drive thefe Pacos in troops, fometimes four or five hundred of them to- gether, or more, laden with Merchandife, Wine, Maizy Ccca, Quick- filvcr, and Silver in Bsrrs, which they carrie from the Mines of Potozh 9iS ht 2^ Ari^fia, upon the South-Sea, which is about threefcore or feventy leagues, without any other Convoy or Guide, but one- ly of a few Indians to drive the Sheep, and fome Spaniards to overfee the Indians. They indure froft and cold naturally, as having been bred, and thriving beft upon the Sierra and Andes of Peru; where they are leen many times covered with ice and fnow , yet never ihrinking at it • whereas in the Planes and hot Countrie the^ dye. They are in truth a vfe- ry ferviceable and good Creature, yec not without fome odd qualities, which the Reader, muftknow, efpecially that fore of them which arc fmooth and bear no fleece. If they meet ^ a ftranger by the way,they will many time^ iiid^ denly fttnd ftill, and raifing up their long necks as high as they can, dare and gaze upon him (b wiilly, as will make a man laugh not a liitle to ^ ■ f , ' ^. • ' . ■ ^ '*:. fee ■ i • ,» J^..''- •fj; ' ,: i f. i^ j i l iBl Jff *.'' i,MU ii | ii>»i " 141 ^ fee it) and with fdch a confidence as if he feared nothing; yet all on the fudden a fright tikes him, and away herons with his load upon his back, and commonly fo faft that his driver is hardly able to recover him before he hath gained fome high rock or Mountain , where the Indian dther cannot or dare not follow him for the precipice ; and from hence nothing will command him but a Harquebus, which they are oftentimes forced to ufe, oncly to gee the Silver again, that is upon his back, They have likewife another quahty not a little trou- blefome ; which is to grow refty, and lye down under their burthens : though this bebutfel- doroe,and, as they fsy, never but when rhey are laden or driven beyond ordinary. But if the fit olice take him, there is no other remedy but to have patience to fit down by him , nriake on him, and let him take his own time to rife; which, after a while, he will doe of himfelf : but to ftif or ftrive with him before, is to no purpofe ; for though you beat him never fo much, or kill him, or cut him inathoufand pcccef, ill will not make him move a foot: but i:^ bearing him company, and treating him fairely, after two or three hours rell he will rife and goe on his journey as willingly as can be. They are commonly eftimated ac five or ^' . • * fix ('I .^A... e fetrcd ,ht tikes iponhis driver is he hath , M/here t follow nothing z, which Jy to gee k, They tie trou- lye down c but fel- [! they arc Jut if the medy but m , iriake nc to rife; f himfelf : e, if to no never fo thoufand ve a foot : eating him tfthewill igtyascan at five Of fix ( m ) 6x peeces oiAffaj^ which may be about four* tywillings Engliih money; andat the Indies he that hath but four orHveofthefeP^roito travel withall & carrie Merthandife from place to place, will not count himfelf a poor man. 3 . The VUugnes are a kinde of wilde Goati » but much bigger than the ordinary Goats of Europe^ and without hornei , otherwife coated and haired like Goats. They live wilde on the mountainous parts of Pern and C/»/f , being in other parts not fo common ; and for the moft part upon the tops of thofe higheft moun- tains the jlrtdes , nothing offended with the (harpnefs of the cold or fnow. They goe commonly in beards or great companies to- gether , being exceeding fearfuU Creatures » and withall very light of foot. Anciently the bunting of them was forbidden to the common People , and referved oncly to the /if{M/ and Lords of Pfm ; now 'tis generally ufed, whcnfoever they are found in the low* lands. They are of a dark brown colour, not much unlike to dryed Rofes, & bear a fleece of a long (haggie haire^yet fo fine that the Indians make rugs and coverings of it, of great value. Their fie(h is counted the moft dainty fort of Venifon, and in fome cafes medicinal : yea tlie Indians have an opinion that the very Qpiltt .and <■■■ 1 1 ,s^ - - »» ' ijf m9 i» K at >f. I r and Coveriogs made of the wooll or haireof th€J^icugna,ttc good againft the iiiRammacion of the reins, and for the tempering ofallex- ceflive heat ; noris it improbable. Forconfl- deriDg whatkinde of Paiturage this beaft doth natarally delight in, and for the moll part live by, which is more than halffroilandfnow,it may well be thought, that not only chek flcHi, but every thing elfe that proceeds naturally of their fubftance, fhould in Ibme degree be re- frigerative, and retain Tome cooling vertae in it. Of the flefh there is no difpute to be made, but that it is very foveraign and good in all fuch cafes, vi^. of inflimmations and immode- I'ate heat, jicofia gives a notable inftance of it in himfelf ; who having travelled fo long upon the Andes andchofe cold mountains of FrrAi, chat his eyes were inflamed with the exceflive fharpnefs of the Aire, and become fo painfull Co him, that they Teemed ready to dropout of his head , onely by rubbing them lightly with a piece of the raw fl (h of tha Frriy^»#, the pain was prefently afTwaged, and his eyes in (hort cimeredaced to good temper. Nor is this the onely good they have by this Beaft ; for out of his (iomach, when he is kild, they take likewife the Beiir (lone, true and good» and fcarfe any way infariour to chat of the Eafi-InMes; hu^ . . whicbt whi( vert any] andl Jie.^ a wa Oral] ^ 4. Beaft like t< liketvj /* wire of (nation fallex- r confi- aftdoth )ait live fnow,it eirHcfli, arally of :ee be te- vertae in be made, ^od in all immode- :anceofit ong upon : exceflive E' f painfull op out of itly with a ', the pain Bs in (boi^t is this the for out of ke likcwife I fear fe any which. ' as the other, I cannot fay. The Tanrm MexicM^ nut, as fome Authors call him, and we muft Engliih, the Amniam Butt, or Arrrr, is ano- ther ftrange Boaft at the fVifi- Iwiin ; (Irange L I call % 0; >""-^"i.;^»--,';r,iA-"-*', ' %■ r-?" ^t-^ (4.. 5 1- a ' f f if .. I I-, ■A- '»» I tiff Icailchem \n refpeft of our fel vci, and thefe parts of the W'bridj for pcherwife they are no way jftrange/being common at AmerUa, tT|p,ecia)ly sii the moref (Northern parts of it, am of no v^ry monftrous or deformed (hipe. They refemble the Oxt of Eftrope only a little in the head, and not otherwffe ; being not only of a far lefs fize than the oi^dinary Oxe or Bullocki but aifo of a ftkiture fomewhac with the lowefl, even in proportion to their own buike; having|1i^ good oig fall bodie, of the fize of fomc leffet fort df tows , but very Aibrt leggs to bear it ; yet we may well count them the niltttriAf and pro^ Kineof ^f»m- irji. They ari^o^ a bri^h^ brown colour, or if you p|ea(e, 6f 4 (lark yellbwi fuch as the Itali. aris ct\lil cotore Udnato,i^^^ a thick long 6afr curled al( overtfieirbodie^whichatadi- ftance makes them appear fomewhat terrible anil horrid . but coining neerer them, their coun^einancr^ feeqas rather cheerful and plea- iing ; neiiiher have they any truculency or fiercenefs of condit^pn^ bbt areas traftabk and eaf^ly %ann|ble as other Cartel. On their | backs (bey have ^ little rlGng or bunchy like a Camel, though I doe not obferve that they i are any where ufed for/VuirMien, V^c the Camel. They breed and' abpiiiid noioft m th^ ' " ■ ^' "' ^''' Province Pxov Coiw afFor hencc cheif of th Cattc Hear< paftui which bfood J.Yc koned caftD^ refemb any hoi ufcd b] upper morfc isfiiidf ufe: lik call the Beafts thanth asltWi aftilie Neafor ktkU « V, Province of ^hira, which ii a pltin level Coyntrie io the Northern pare of A^trnkag a^Fordiog Utele elfe biicpaftunge; and&Mtt hence they are had into other parcv being; the cheif wealth efthtiCoilntri)!, andfiibfiltante of the People ; who chiefly live uponthit^ Cittdi feeding huge mnkitnde^ of theis iit Heards up and dowli the Coantrie,^ aa there pafture leads them^ ofing their SeAi foe meat, which 11 very good, and itniking a drink of theic blood. t 1 :! 5 .Yet is their another fort of fmill Cattel rec^ koned for T&mt at thoWe/t^ ImliiSs which they^ c9LtlDantes, but in their figuit and ihape more refembling Mules than Kine • acfther hive theyt any horns. The hides of !hefe Beafis are anich^ ufed by the Indiai!t« for J^rkiss, or t kinxieoif upper GarniBiit, which is at goodaafone Ar-»' tBor for theitii it beingfo thick amd hard^ as ir ' isfaidto refift any weapon chat the Indcmr ufe: like Co the ArmadiXloM (u t\itiSpifuud$ call them) which are likewiiEe aiioifatr kiideof Seafts'^oper Co the NiwmrU,mnd!^k(kr than the Daniis, yet covefcddf4>fcr the body, ^ las^icHvere, vuith a CoatofMaile,thaCfSiviriihri a fty fome^ hm not to generally com- mended for good meat. 1 lie Saynos are a kinde of Hogge or Swine of Americay a wilde and fierce Creature, and in this refpe£l fome- what more ftrange^ chat their Navil is faid to beonthe midft of their back« They are armed likewife on their feet with taions, fo (harp that a Rafor will not pierce fafter or further then they, and with them they doe ufuaiiy uare and wound fuch as parfu^ tham;» very dangerouOy. efpecially if they have nor good cue and skii in hunting them. The fle(b of them, when they ar^ t^ken, i.^ counted good meat ; but to keep iC|tk NavU in the back of it muft be taken quickly lut^otherwife it will pa- trifie in a few dayes .The ChinaBes are a kinde of ^(|uirrel, of a wonderfull foft and fmooth haif| rhe skin whereof is thought to be very comfoitable to the ftomachin any fudden pain orfaintio|, and aifordeth a delicate kinde of Furre, much ufed and efteemed by the better forr. The Vifcaehas and Chjps are the Harei and Conies of Jlmirica, of much big^r (ize than thefe of Euroft, and are hunted there likewife for fport , as here , and their fle(h counted not the worft fort of Vcnifon. The Mic9s , or Monkies of jtmeria^, are many indcffeveralkindci; fome whereof aic fiud !5 • not note man, vcnei tain mdc diwu glWj tytto to be fome J ■ J ivheti tree, t taile a bodie fit. O er lev afton charg< eye. . moni) one hi randi fuch withh the o put if woulc ^i>4 'i^ta^iB-Aki lly com- ifoi are t V a wilde e A fome- lisfaidco ire armed fo (harp or further )e ufually liem, very I not good le flcftof need good z back of it ic will pa- are a ktnde nd fmooch to be very Adden pain te kinde of f the better I the Hares >ig^r dze mted there their flefti inifon. The are many wf iiefiud DOC (»49) not to be much lefs than the body of a little man, and alfo bearded under their chaps as venerably as any Goat. They defcribe a cer- tain kinde of them in Peru with long uiles/ md commonly of thriay. ^vi fpotted ; and report many pret- ty (lories of them; which, if true, argue them to be extreamly ingenious, and to have«at leaft, fome triHte:^ de vifage, as they fay, or refem*! h\mrt% of reafon. This is common with them ; whetn they have minde to any fruit upon t. tree, they get prefently up, and winding their taile about the bough, with the weight of their bodie(hake as much fruit off it as they think fit. Of another it is faid, that feeing a Souldt-; er level at him with his Musket^ he fnatch't up a (lone, and before the Musket could be dif- charged, threw it at him and hit him full in the eye. Acofta tells of another, which they com-l monly fenc to the Tavern for wine>the pot in one hand and money in the other ; vyhich er- rand he would perform rooft exsclly, and with fuch difcretion, that they muft be very rude with him, that fliould get the money out of the one hand^ before his pot were filled and put into the other. The Boys in the fticet would throw ftones at him many times ta I- 3 fport, (»5o) J*f' K-V 5 ^^'^- - ■^i ■ 1/ lie it them agtiii) but never till be luullbRi fee down his pat; then he wolild lay abonrMoi with any thing nest bind;nor would broflFer |to take op bis pot ag^n, till cixy f eeni- ed^o^be qnieC) and that his wiy wssclcer: 9|ndi£theygave ithim, he wonld drink wine fttcif ; but otherwife not fo ranch as touch ir. There be alfo Lyons, Bear^, Tygre$,and other wilde Bea[l» of prey at the mfilnJUes, but nekhBr (b grcM. nor fo ravenous as tbofe in Otlierptrtt of the Worlds The Lyons in Ame- ficAZXQ rather/ grey than red or yellow, and baft not that long ihiggie hthre on the fore- pares 6f their boditt, with which they are paint- ed. The Tygiea tre more fierce ai»4 cruel; but that is only when they are hungry, and feek tkeit prey; fot dthefwife^ vk,. when^ their be^ licslare full| if the report of Mafdm be true iuhkbifi^ut Indks^ they are it floggiflb^^and heavie a Bcaft is any, and roiy bebod^ taken Mdkftled^ any body aimoft that wiK : But b^hisfamur I will not be the firft that (hall mphe tiyal. TheDs is Kkewife aboondaoce of Siiggi and wild Deerintif parts cf the Con- tku€titotAi$mi€^l boXf for ought I know« in cbellfaMidirthefeirenoBelbund. ' ^ -^ ^' ' ^^^ > ^« T&efe areill Beafts and^ Creatures of dieLani, wkhwhtch| andinfiniMotfhers>noc :^nv^ ■ ^ ^ y .t : here here dant left Lane gene good War Amo or In andO is he andp ter. ; ofav thefo feven that man, andti watei Sea, Butb< and cl after. I which! cahn< culiar] is fuel ( m wr till be o^ld lay E>r would wy (eem- ss cicer : ink wtae as touch gre$, and Mthofein t in Ame- Ibw, and I the fore- are paint- fl4 cruel ; y,atidfeek tv their bel- €m be true oggtfliaod bod^ taken win : Bue I thai (hall Dodaoce of rftheCon- I know, in Matures of ochersrnoc here -^' iiiit to ^e inenliohed^t'le New H^orU is ab^un - dantly ftored : Nor doe the Waters iSot^ left variety, either of Sea, or more within LandiT'k. in the Lakes and Riv^r^ which art generally fo plentifully and well ftored witii good Hih, that t^ere is no C6iin|rie in clie World comparable to Americd in^that refpe^, Amongftthefethc C^jf;»^;/> as they callhinii or Indian Crocodile, a$ the mod: prodigious and ftrange, d^ferves to Be firft mcntionea : yef: is he an amphibious Creature, living; a^ welf, and perhaps as much upon Land as in the wa- ter. It is a moft Qerce srndi ravenous Creatiifei of a vaft bulk or bignefs^ beiiqi|^fai4tobcfrpai. the fore part of his fnout to the ecid of His tayle feven or eight yards lori^^ apd of fuch ftrength^ that he hath been feeri to. talce u^ a living man, lying afleep upoii the fiiore, in hiis mputl^ and to carry him cleier aw^ with him into tbs water, over to aiipther lifiand orRockinthe Sea, where he meant to baye devQii^edi him : But being (hot with a Calivejr ti^ io(| hif prey, and the man was recovered , b^t ^^yed foon after. He feeks liis prey commohry upon Land^ which he kills or drowns in the Water : ye|; cannot tfiere eat it , by reafon of fooie pe- culiar difpofition of his throat or gullet, which is fuch, AS that it permits htm not to fWat- L 4 low ■.,.f- • low any thing in the water, but withhtzard CO fafFocate or drown himfelf. The beft it, his motion by Land is but flow, and his body fo onweldy, that he cannot torn himfelf but with much adoe, nor his head to either fide without turning his whole body. Yet doe they much mifchief , efpecially about fome Rivers in the Provinces of Mechoacan and TlafcaBa, where there are many of them. They fay'cis excellent fport to ken Cayman and a Tygre fight, as they happen to doe oftentimes, endeivouring to prey one upon another. The Cayman, mA histaile, cruelly beats and jeiks the Tygre, endeavouring what he can to hale him kito the water. The Tygre as ftoucly refifts him with his paw, and labours to pull up the Cayman to land ; which for the mofl: part he doth, and then opens him by the belly, which is the only part of him where he can be pier- ced ; his whole body otherwife being armed with fcales fo extremely hard and thick fet, chat no Lance, and fcarcely an Harquebux or Musket fliot will enter it. The Indians fear him not fo much by water as land : for being chemfelves excellent Swimmers and Dyvers, and the Cayman alwaies fwimming above water, or very fleet, they make no great matter to encounter him hind to hand in his own - element; tf <»"?•»•* WWili, I'S* ^M •i k ^. \:r Haw*! v/,-.- ihtxard :fti$, his i body fo ifelf but ither fide Yet doe mt fome acan aind em. 1 hey ^an and ft Fcentiints, ther. The iandjeib an to hale lutly refills ill up the )ft part he lly, which in be picr- tng armed thick fet, ■quebuz or kdians feat for being 1 Dyvers, ng above reac matter n his own element ; element for they eafilyget under his beily, and with their knives or fliort Lances pi^^ce hica there as they lift, and fo bring him to Land. 7. The Tjburons areakindeofShark-fifh^ of large fize, and extremely ravenous. They are commonly ten or twelve foot long, and about fix or feven fp^ns broad on the back, being fafliioned like a Soale, with huge wide mouths, and two rows of teeth oa each fide of their mouth very (harp and thick fet, and of fo great ftirength, that at one fnatch or jerk, they will break the bones or pluck afunder the joints of any Bcaft whatfoever : They follow the (hips at Sea willingly, foi; the wafh and other ftuff which the Mariners caft out to them, being fo ravenous that they re- ceive everything. Acofia reporteth, that out of the gullet of one of them, he faw taken at the fame time a great Butchers knife, a long iron hookj and a piece of a Cows head, with on€ horn ftill growing upon it. Others tell of Hats, whole Shirts, Leggs andArrnsofMen, ropes ends, with many other things of like na- ture found in the fame manner. Yet is the fle(h of them counted very good meat, when they are well dryed, and a princi pill reliefe in ma- ny occafions at Sea • where they are taken vv^hout much difficultie, and fo bigge, that many .tk t ■■)»>**"*,"•' ■^"» Jt- >» '- j^ T*i -^ •» l|^ -t 9h1 ^^m tm V"* .\^ •^»» ; .i'i^ 0J4) miaytimiitiiiii twelve mm hive fottiewhst CO doe CO poll one of them op« whtin they have himf uj^Of) the hook. They come like wife out of tht Set up into the rivers, ii the Cajmdns doe, and ire exceeding dangerous both to men and cattetl, that are not aware of chem, or happen to iy or fleep upon the banks of any great river^ U in America it is not unulball to doe. At Sea they are commonly attended by a fmaller fort of nfli which they call Ramios, which lives by rife nteat that falls from the Tyburon^u the Jatc4ttt% flid to doe by the Lion. 8. The Manath or Oxe-fi/b, as fome call them« in another great fidi of the Sea, bigger by fatre thah the Tjitirony headed like an Oxe 6t young heifer, with twoarmes, or at leat): ftbmpes of ^tmes on each (ide beforehand thofe SI fomefty, diftinguiflied into feverall joynts with naites upon them, not unlike to thofe of a: naians hand. This is a gentle and harmelefs creatute, and though ofbulkorbody notlefs chati ayouogOxe or Bullock, yet neither of aity feires or horrid afpeft, but rather amiable tM deerer countenanced, as the figure of it in Hernamlez, tnd Laft (heweth. It cometh fre- quently upon land, and feeds upon hearbs or ^raiTe, if there beany neer; and being at Sea it A/trimes commoiily above water and is ealily t^^- taken. ^iki the veal that whi< colo quel onf and, rcth by ( Land It a I ftanci fay ii t^pr in th( 9. ofch ^' , ■■s^.-*'.' 'fTf^.-vr^B,^T.yi'"' mewhat * \ey have Fe out of dn$ doe> mtn and r happen sat river, !. At Sea iller fort h lives by )»>as the fome call a, bigger ;e an Oxe r at leatt and thofe all joynts thole of harnielefs y notlefs neither of :r amiable ue of it in >meth fre- 1 hearbs or -ingatSea ndiseaffly taken. tsken. ^Tis coutited for meat thebeftfi(h til the World, beinjp as teiider atid delicate as atiy veale, ortha beft young porke; and fo like it, that a flranger would verify tike it for vesld, which it refembtes fo much every way, both fot colour and ta(te, that it hath been difputed a6d queftioned by fome whither it might be eaten on fafttng dayes ; for that it both eateth hearbs and graffe , refedibles fiefh f6 much, and bel- reth its young alive, fuckliifig them with mffi: by certain teats which they have , [as othet Land creatures doe. They flnde in the hea^d of it a certain Stone, or hard cbttgehted Sub^ ftance, which beiiig groimd td pbwder, they fay is very good for the ftonef in tht rein^, and to provoke urine| efjpeciaMy th^£ Which it found inthemafe-fifli,- -^^ ^ . ^. - t,w 9. The Tmoife is a Fifh yet greyer than any ofthefebcfotefpofcciAiof, vU. thirt tfhc r;*#. ron or the Manati, and Upon theSfioreif of the fVefi Indies, evety where,ther€ tct gttit mn W- luifeiofthemr ( butoftolf commoiifyon^ thieSHoitj t«tiid^er i&sf frequeiitiy r&lbtt iti ho^ mtrttt>^ 4:.-^..:v--^ tude^ i»i. ■;» iU Vl0Jf vv.. -C % I I (i5«5) tadeS) cheifly to lay cheir egges, which in the fand are hatched with incredible increafeyOoely by the heat of the Sun : and though they make ail the haKe they can to Sea again, afloon as ever they perceive any body, yet they are eafily overtaken, and by turning them with a ftaffe or pole, upon their backs, which is not bard for them to doe that are acquainted with the manner of hunting Tmoifes | two or three men will ftay and cake t whole company of them. They are commonly a yard and a quar- ter at leaft in length, andfometime more than twice fo much in breadth^and of fuch bignefs & weight,. that it will ordinarily require (ix or Te- ven flout men to draw one of them out of the water; and fcarce any found fo little, but it will lode two or three men to carry it hand- fomely away when it is cut in pieces. The flefh of them is very excellent good meat, when it is well powdred.and of no lefle pleafant ufte. E- very Tmnife layeth commonly two or three hundred egges at a time, as big as Hens egges, but round like a ball : good likewife to eate, rnd have this propertie, that whither boiled oe rolled, the whice of them is alwaies foft.When the young ones are hatcht, they naturally make to Sea, never expelling chat the old one (hould come to feed them. To this the Tyde helps thera 's.^rn^ them^ fowel beenf menh lo. other V Seas; \ ter- Scr forme, thebigr skynip unwhol Bobe^ w the Seas f I the ocly Qake eafily ftaffe :bard :hthe three ny of quat- re than pefs & lorfe- t of the t but ic t hind- he ae(h itn it is ifte.E- »r three to cite, {oiled oc It.When lly make (hould [de helps them them very much, ind there they live and thrive fo well, that^as they fay^ fome one of them hath been found of that bignefs and weighc^that 20. men had much adoe to life it from the ground* 10. There is^belides thefe, infinite variety of other kindes of fi(h in the Indian or American Seas; as the Iguana^ which is a kinde of wa- ter- Serpent, of fomewhat a terrible and ugly forme, but otherwife not at all hurcfull ; of thebigneifl commonly of an Otter or Fox, the skyn ^tted and fmootb, and the fiefii neither unwholefome nor nnpleafant meat. And the Bob9i which is a gallant fi(h as any belong to the Seas, of the length of a mans arme, having one only bone or griftly fabftance running through the roidft of it from end to end : it is ofa molt tender apd delicate fubftance, white as milk, and as fat as butter ; excellent meac which way foever drefled, boyl'd, bak'd, ftew^Ji roafted, or otherwife : And befide thefe many others, which I muft necefTarily pafs over in filence ; as likewife I might well doe thefe that: follow, t^ji. the iVif 114/ (as the Spaniards call tbem^ or Weft- Indian Nits ; and ihtBroma, or water- worme, two little Infects indeed, and hardly to be numbred in the rankof perfeft Creatures, yet fuch u make themfelvescon- fidenble enough to be named, only by their troublefomenefs; -r's-.j'^-f-a^-- flTiFT-; L*>.' 05 troublefomoers ; the one to Men it Land, the other to the fliips at Seas. ThtNiguasztcfo fmali a kinde of vermine, that they can hardly be perceived (inglei nothing neer fo bigge as a Flea, which lodge themfelves infenfibly and unperceived at firll, under the nails of Mens fingers and toes, and in other private parts of the body, and multiply in a iliort time fo ftrangely, that they turn the party to extreim pain and torture^ and not feldome caufe him to lofe a joint either of his hands or feet : Nor is it eafie to prevent their breeding, without continuall brnfliing of cloaths snd a great care to keep all things about a manias much as can be, clean and dry. When they are perceived to be bred, the beft remedy is counted to be, to pour melted wax upon the place where they arc neftled ; which , though it fcalds and be troublefoflie for the time, yet when it is coid^ it brings away a {hoale of that little vermin with it , fomeciqies four or five hundred of them It a pull. A cheap remedy indeed, if it be fo e(Fedual as they fay. The Broma, or water- wbrm, is no lefs troubiefome and mifchievous to the Hiips at Sea : it is found generally in all parts within the Tropiques or Torrid Zone, and more efpecially neer the Line: The Englifli call ii (bmetimei 4rt9rs, from what ground lam lam andd vente comir planb water (hips c very tl water berof make i planks, fiiip. Tl kCs^ bu little fir a plank, therefoi would , the irefo irdly igeas yand Mens irtsof nc fo treim fe him :Nor ithouc at care I as can ived to )be,to :te they and be is cold, vermin Ired of , if it he : water- ihievous Uyinall d Zonet EngliOi : ground lam (>59 I am not |bie to fay • hut the inconveQiq^qc and danger Which it brings to (hipsi if n'o( pre- vented, is apparent and great. They faften commonly in fuch great multitudes, upon the planks of a (hip, efpecially betwixt windeand water, where it is not lefs dangeroas, thit the (hips many times are found covered with them very thick in thofe parts, and the plonks under water wrought like Hony-combs,full of a num- ber of little cells or cavities, which the wormi make in them, and in time eate thrOQghthe planks,be they never fo thick, and endaoger the (hip. They ate at firfl: as little as a pins head or lefs, but grow in time to the bignefs of a Mans little Hnger ; and the further they work into a plank, the br ten Ri iveOiHIinJ ratt of it mgh i the id in I not 1 the wa- l,and doth )f all, ifed,i$ of Sir rnc of They intend it with )on the fucha^ n nayle as they fonably ic from )eft and leth the en (he is rd, the d choak lafs fur- find the tbtonec i\6i) thinner the (he&thing-boicd is^ lo moch the better ' tt^'^l''''- v,*''^— "^^J^^";^^'**'--^''^^^--. -uj .r. ■ 5 '■ Chap. X. fs Of Sugar 'Canes , CoMn-^ooB , MMerrj trees ^ and Silk^werms 9 at the Weft* Indies. 1. AMoQgthe Cofnmoditiesof ^f»^- rica , which we call Mercantile, or fuch as the Merchants bring from chencep the Sugars are not to be efteetned the leal^ whether we regard the aboundance, or gr0/c plenty of the Commoditie it felf that is brought, or thr: extraordinary gain and profit they make that bring it; it being become fuch a general inftrument of delicioufnefs to all forts of People, in al! Nations, and fo exceed* ingly agreeable to dainty palats. 'Tis faid, they buy a pound of good Sugar at the Indies for five or fix Maravedes, which make not two pence of Engliftimonie; and in fome places I hundred pound weight together for nine ^^r ten Ryals of plate, which are not above ive (hHlings • whereas with us in Ettrefe, the fate of it is far otherwife. Some fay it k no -' M Plant .\ • ^". ■■»^:f" 'M \ Plant ofxhenittirtl growth of Amerka, but brought thither from other parts, as namely from the Eaft- Indies, or Canarit Iflands; which feems rather to be a miftake^ confide, dug the great lbo^nllance thereof which groweth naturally ^without any kinde of plant- ing or Husbandrie, in all parts of Brafil, Para- guaj, Tmnman, and divcrfe other Provinces of ^ifffrir^^bothof the Continent and Iflinds; infomuch that in fome places about the River of P/4r^ they report, that the Canes grow to the hei|^<; of fome lefler treef, yeeldiog a pro- |K>rf:FfHi*#ie quantity of good Sugar in every joiD » kaot of the Cane. For originally, and ft lir(i» muft know, this delicious powder^ ^hidi we call Sugar, is nothing elfe but the jMth or fweet marrow of t certain Cane or ^keedi which the Latins call Saecharum^ bor- rowing the term , as tis though , firom the Arabtcks, together with the firfl knowledge of the Plant , and we commonly the Sugars C^t. It groweth in the manner of other reeds qpinto a long ttalk, with joyntsiud knots in it, commonly feven or eight foot hi|^« and where the Smle is luQy ai. 1 p^aper for it fomc- fimcsmore* of the bigneisota Musuiiicir4 the brawn, and (harping iip towards -ibe top as it groweth. The joinu, or kuots^ of di: . r^ Ctnii Cao«, cbesdif ofafpo parroi^ is made on each (harp ai wing. 1 and runt earth, bi under thi of which young Sii away, b( much of mother- 1 for increa faid to b Plant oft feAion oi much ace of the Soi Mola (w lufty ind { height in faMancei pleaftnc^n of fbfQCi ■:■?:■: n, but tamely lands ; mfide- which 'pUnt- ovibces [flinds; e Rivet (row to g t pro- in every illy, and powder^ : but the Cane or mt bor- rom the ledge of Suidr ler reeds knots in iptu tnd It fomc- I ariAC ir4 itbecop 9, of the CaoA, a0e^ for ihc oioft part, thcee or £ouff i n^ cbes^ftaat one from anotber^ and wtthb folt of aCpongeousaod fweet jaycie fubfonce or yarrow, of which the Su^ (as we have it) is made. Atevety knot or joyntoftheCaitCt on each fide, there groweth up a loogleafe* fliarp at the point, and in the fafliion of a wing. The root of it is likewife long and i»rge, and runneth not direAly downward into the e^tfth, but rather Hoping, and creeping along under the uppermoftcnilt of the ground; oue of which atfeveral places there fproncdiverfc young Siens, or little Plants, which they cut away , both that they (bould not draw too much of the nutriment from the principal or mother- Plant, ai^ alfo for that they fetthero for tocreafe, or a new ftock of reed& ; And 'tis faid to be a yeer and half commonly before a Plant of the Sugar- Cane comes to its ft^ per^^ fe^on or growth. But I conceive that to be much according to the nature and condition oftheSoile where they grow. For in Hijpd^ mala ("where indeed tte Soile is exceeding lufty and good j 'tis fatd they grow to a cubita height in lefs than two moncths fpace. The fobftance of the coot is lil^j^wife very fweet and pteafan^nothing fo hard or woody as the roota of foa^ other Canes and Reedibe, but rather in; ;.; fcl ^ tender ':'~-'i~'fr.. tender wad foft ; and where the Soile is good and proper for chem,one root will beare fome- times twenty .or thirty Canes ; which in the Ifliand of Hi fff aniola i$ not un\x(ut\; but they never fuffer ail of them to grow up for the reafon abovefaid. They grow both in the Plains and Hill Countrie. in a hot and moid Soile, and require extraordinary Husbanding, and efpecially that the ground about them be kept clean, and free from annoyance either of weeds or any thing elfe. 2. The manner of making the Sugar, is commonly thus. When the Reeds are full grown & gathered, they cut or chop them into fmall peeces at £trft with a knife, or fome other fitting inftrumene, and afterwards grinde, or break them into yet fmaller, in certain huge Querns or Mills , which they have for that purpofe. Thefe ^uerm goe fometimes with wheels, and are turned about by their Slaves, who tread and labour in them juft in the fame manner as the Turn-fpit Doggs doe in many places in England : Ochers there be that are drawn about with an Horfe, or BufaU : But the more general way now uied of late for grinding and bruiflng the Canes, is by water- Mills, which they finde to be far more quick and convenient, efpecially where they have the '^ ^ opportunity .^'■'■' . .^ t opportc Cane is fort, the veiTels c water, a a(hes mi till all til or hard into the I it out , i they pre Keelers, and after portion < is chiefly 1 to clarifii of the fe< the pure c^oniiften it out ag Tdchat , thicknefs quantitie ftirring this they tain leiTc the quan good fome- in the it they or the in the moifl: tiding, lembe :her of ;tr , is :6 full m into e other nde, or n huge or that :s with Slaves, lie fame in many :hat are • : But late for f water- re quick have the ortunity opportunity of a good dream. When the Cane is thus broken and pulverizated in fome fort| they put it in great Caldrons, or boyling veflels of Brafs, with fome quantity of pure water, and likewife a ftronglye, or water of a(hes made for that purpofe ; and fo boyle it, till all the fweetnefs be quite out of the Cane, or hard fubftanceofthe Reed, and transfufed into the liquor. When this is done, they take it out , and through a colatorie or ftrayner they prefs out the liquor into certain great Keelers, or vcflels which they call Tangue ; and afterwards boyle it again, with a lefs pro- portion of lye put to it : the efied of this lye is chiefly to rai^ the fcum, and thereby to help to clarifie and refine the Sugar, by feparating of the fediments and groffer parts ot it from the pure. When they have boy led it to the c^onfiftencyorthicknete of Honey, they ftraia it out again into other veflels, which they call T4chat , and boyl it again to a yet greater thicknefs and confiftencie, ever adding fome Suamttie of the aforefaid lye, and CQntinually ir ring and- fcumming it, as it boyleth. Af tec this they take it out, and fet it to cool in cer- tain lefler vefTels which the Spaniards call fwmt^ or Plates, which contain not above the quantity of two or three pound wei^t of M J Sugtc ^■4 .^ . 1 1 i 1 *- 1 i {a66) u < 'i Sugar ft ^ece. They ire coniiioniy made of etf chj md perforiced, or fiiill of Ittde holes ac ihe boccom , difai^h whkh the thinner or more iiqtiid part of the Sugar droppeeh into other vems> sppoince^ to rec<:ite it. It ftand- echconimonly ia theft Formes m Ptetes about eight orten dayts, both that it may be perfeA- iy icookd > as likawife to obfcrve Whether tt Kitfined and and purged oFitsfedimentsfe folly is ft ought : If it be not, they boyle it once again asMfore* When it ii cold, it loak- eth like fiind, ^r faiall gravel of a dark brown- i/h colour^ onily It is (bfteriniffae hand, and crumfala not fo fiirflity as And doth. The Vi^ to make it white, is by a certain peculiar 6ari!h, or MurU^ diey ufe, whidi, having firft diflblved in water, and wroug^ into a kinde of foft clay ; they (pmA it upon the Svgu^ is it fydh in the J^mms or Plaiesi and in times it brings it to i White colour, yet noioi^ or kfs perfed, according as the Sugar it felf is pure a:&d fine. And now k is fit for the Merchants, vffio tranfport it into ill piffCis of Eunpe: where, by die Si«ar-bikers Ari:andfikiH,itis yet more iccuratefy purged and refined : but ^this I cannot fay mudl. Icis aMerchan* d^ of increedible weatch tnd idvantage to theCountfte; k being no uliirfiial thing for n;^i fome loffle OR it, to afl thoufand likewife I ;ind othe any Com where thi Province and moif of the Ifli Sugar-Fa of their i that out ( or Hijpan year with refined Si every che it lead:, v according proportii 3. Co tikenefs ic rope, efpc very pro the fruit Plant, at Apples :/?i. */ (i6T) idc of >lesac ler or !h into ftand- about crfea. diet it entsfe oyle ic t look- Irowa- d, and . The iecnliar ingfirft akitide SugATi n timcft : or kfs if pare chantSi »fl,lcis i : but *ix:bafi* ^getd inf for feme loflie one St^f-MiK, or InjEenik, z% they cill it, CO afford a revenue of chtrty or foarey choufand Pi^s eVeiy yeer : and chough it be likewife brought from the Eaff-Inilies, Chha, !%nd other pirc^ yet is it tM more plenttfutl iifi any Councrie of the World, tfani in Amerkd^ where the Cai^ grows and thrfveth well in alt Provinces generally, but tnoft kindely in hoc and morft Cou&cries ; infoibuch chat iu fome of the Iflandii tftey counc art Ingenio, or g^ Sugar- Farm, to be no lefs profitable than fi ofcheir miiies of Gold and Silver. Tisfa ^, chat otic of ch^ of»ly Ifland of Sainc Domhtgc, or HiJpankUi chey tranfporc commonly one year with another, about a thpufind cheCts of refined Sugar, befide that ofche courfet fort • every chefl: containing eight or ten Amhi ac leafl:, which is cwenty five pound wei^C| according to Englifti account , and likewii^ proportionabiy from other parts. -v- 3. Cotcon-wooil (as theycaHic, from the tikenefs it hsth to our ordinaty wooll of£m^ rope, efpecially as to matter of ufe) is another very profitable and good comotoditie of the fVefi-Indies. Though we call it wooHi yet is the frutc of a tree, at lead of a Oirub or leffer Plant, and groweth upon it in the manner of Apples or other fruic. It groweth, a$ I tkidt M 4 fometimei :'^r IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) e^4 ^ .m ^ 1.0 1.1 Z Ml 12.0 IL25 in 1.4 p> 9^ ^^ ^'^ ■> ^^ / '/ PhotDgFa{Jiic Sdeices Corporation •>^ :\ \ V ^^ ^. ^ 39¥VIIT WfUTII MAMITHIT ,N,V. I4SM •7a*4»03 <9> <^ *5^ o fometimes u{|Ofi trees, as ptrciculatly in the lfiv^ioiPu9fam the South Sea, and ip Hifffa- nUla, hnt fqi the moft pact upan certain leflfer Qimbs or Plants, not much above a cubit high firotp thq ground, or at moft not above the height of a maoatthemiddlep Thefubftance oC^h^ Plant whereon it growetb, is very hard and woofidie, and no leb thick fct with fprigs and branches growing out of it from below, or but little above ground ; which, in time are all beautified and covered, ^§ it were, withi purple colourM. flower , yet abonf the edges^ and below at the i(|lk, yelloW; after whic h ap^ p^ars the fruit in a round cp^ or husk, of dif- ferent bigne&, according as tb^ Soile is good and proper.. Ifjthe Soile be^^arm and very lufty, they are commonly of the bignefs of or- dinary Apples, or Qginces ; if otherwife, lefs : When the freit is ripe, the cod opens of it felf, ciiviiding into four quarters, and the matter within it appears ; which is nothing elfe but a (bft gentle fubftance, much refembling wooll iothe touch, lying dole, and welt wrapt to- gether in (hdcod : it groweth ftill , that is, ^ler the cod is opened, to the bigners of a minsfift ordinarily, and then, unlefs it be ga- thered hy fomebody, it fliedsit felfupon the Thiftle cocnmonf ground; «a: ly doth, together togethe blackfu ties, or is the fee conftant manner tilled La they re never a Plant. 4. Th Apple, x card and JSur$pf • madebfi dance; 1 fine : an Sails for field, eicti enemy, c to paftun fions. A not one!} this COtD it, viz, ol call them much ufe Mexic9 J 1 11 :high 6 Che ftance ^hard fprigs ncatc wUhi edgci, khap'- ofdif. s good |d vciy ofor- c, lefs : it felf, Qiaccer e but a wool! ipt to- hatis, of a bcga- m the dot>i, [gcther together with its Teed, which is a little round black fubftance of the bignefs of Conies tret- ties, or fome leffer fort ot Peafe, but flat. This is the f(^d of the Cotton ; and they gather it conftantly, and fow ic every year, in the fame' . manner as they doe other Grain, vik,, upon tilled Land, and in furrows ; and in harveft they reap their crop, which they have never above once upon the fame ftalk or Plant. V • -,1'/ \^ • \ ^ ^- ;- » ^i'UUi -'OL-t fnyiii . 4. This woolly fubftance of the Cotton- Apple, when it is gathered, the Indian women card and fpin, as we doe our ordinary wool! in £ur9p( ; and there are both ftuffs and cloth madebfitof (everal forts and in great aboun- dtnce ; fome very fine, like filk ; others left fine : andof the courfeft fort of all they make Sails for (hips, coverings for their Tents in the field, either when they are marching againft an enemy, or following their Heards of Cartel to pafture, and in many other fuch like occa* fions. And 'cis commonly the womans work, not onely to card and fpin, but aifo to weave this cotton into cloath, efpeciallyonefoctof it, viz, of which they make their Jnm'j, as they call them , which are certain hanging Beds, much ufed by the American People, both ac Mexico and in all the Northern parts , and likewifc :H'f (170) - likewife in Tiru. Thefe are webi of a good ftrong fort of CpCCon Cloach^ woven about d^ or nine foot long, and an eli ^^^i with loop-holes at each end • throudmikh, by putting a cord or fome fmall line, t^ hang tnem up in their hoofes upon beams or tain- ters made for that purpofe ; and when they are broad in f^t fields , or hunting in the woods, upon tbe boughs of trees, or any other thing they finde convenient. They ufe them chiefly in the field, and when they march a- gaind their enemies ; for they are neither very cronblefome to carrie , and are much more convenient and healthful!, either to fleep in, orlieupon, than the bare ground, efpecially in i^fe Countries , and in the night time : AAdwhen they are foul, they make a lye of a certain great Cttcmmr or Gourd cut in pieces andfteepc a good while in water, and after- wards boyled; with which they fco' * and bring them to as perfeA whitenefs , as any Soap or Fullers-earch would b^ able to 5. And becaufe the Silks, Taffaties, Sattins, and other fine Dsaperie of America, are not only as good for the moft part as thofe of the EaRern parts , but begin alfo now to be as great a Merchandife, both from Mixko and Ptrni » '. PtTMl > fuch go( planted whereof finance makes th( fome fho w«. of th of that a which br< elfebut a a certain iyx, we ir in fame m h^ du%. The Wor « Mant fi than thofe andisbrec ^y putrefi *tv, and s generatioc port of Pi Flowers of and likewi which, m t ofthemfeli lowers J ft's* •.- •i!> 30d K>Ut bang tain- ihcy i the }thec them rcha- rvcry mofc epin, |citlly cime: eoft pieces after- and any le CO iCtinsi re not of the beaa ir^and ftrn\ PerMJ mi for that the Cotmtrie afFordeth fuch good plenty of Moibdrrie trees , both planCM and naturally growing ('the leaves whereof are the moift^ proper and kindtly 61-: ftenance of the Worm, which breeds and* makes the Silk) I muft not pais it over withoac fome (hort tonch at leaft upon this fuhjed, viz. of the nature of Silk it felfi and efpectally of that admirable Creature the SUk^iVtirm, which breeds k. Silk originally is nothmg elfe but a fioe thred (pun out of the bowels of a certain Worm, which the Latins till Bom'* tyx, we in Englifti commonly the Sill^ fVorm % in fame manner as the common Spider weaves his dufty » yet curious web , out of himfelC. The Worm at the Indies is of thebigneftof t Mam finger or thumb » fomewhac greatet than thofe of I tafj and other parts of Europe * and is bred two manner of wates: that is to iay, by putrefaftion , as ocher Infects comnori^ are, and alfo by a more proper aodTpeciiical generation. The firft is, according to the ic«» pore of PUnj in his Ndtttrst Hiftory, of the Flowers of tne Cyprcfs and Turpentine trees, and likewtfe many times of the A(h and Oake, which, m time of year, either fall from the trees t^fhemfeives, or elfe are beaten off with rain- (howers ; out of which leaves corrupted and putrified 4' 172) j^utrifieil upon the ground, there isfoontfcer, by the heat of the Sun and the exhalations ot vapours that iffue out of the earth, a certain InfeA ingendred^of the bi gnefs of a Butter flic, naked and fmooth at firft, h'keaWorm; bur, in time,coining to bt over- grown with a kinde of hair , and after tint with a thicker and warmer coat^ which , againft winter, the InfeA works for itfelfoutofthe Ck>tton, or downy fillets of thofe leaves among which it was bred, or can otherwife come by. Their other man- ner of breeding is by generation properly fo called, that is, by coupling of Sexes : for there is both Male and Female of them. The man- ner thus. The Silk- worm, after he hath wrought up his bagge, or ball of iilk to the full, loon after dyeth within it ; and chough be leaves but a poor SkgletM or thin corfs be- hinde him ; yet out of it, laid in fome clo(e fubterraneous room, where no winde cometh, in a few dayes after it is pntrified, there fprings a pair of other InfcAs or worms of the fame kinder though not altogether of the fame fi- gure or fliape ; for they are both horned and winged. Thefe the Latins call Ciny/alides, tndfeem to be made only for generation, or preferving the kinde : for as much as they doe nothing elfe but gender for the fpace of three i-ffr'^ii i » •♦ or or four di Male diei impregna little egg fometime feeds, or which ttti followeth 6. Ou perpetual! ofwormci manner oi neither is ii of thofe th] the makini bed way w If^fy, and heat of a \ carrying tl twixtherb of good CO are hatchec They keep moft parr, cnce, not Mulberie-t whereof ar feMoQcon J -r ifcer, OS oc tcain c flie, ;bur, kinde r and [nfea I owny bred, roan- :f ly fo : there !man- hach to the lougb 'fs bc- ciofe meth, pringi : fame mefi- dand dlides, on, or eydoe •three or or foar dayes together ; At the end whereof the Male diech, leaving the Female behinde him impregnated and big with a numerous iifueof little eggesi to the number of one hundred fometimes or more, of the bignefs of Millet feeds, or fome other fmalter fort of grain ; of which afloon as (he is delivered, flie likewife followeth the Male, and dyeth. 6. Out ofthefe eggs (forfo the Authors perpetually call them) a new Breed ^r Stock of wormes, is to be gotten, which is the fecond manner of their breeding, as hath been faid ; neither is it the leaft part of the care and skill of thofe that keep Silke-wormes, and trade itt the making of Silk, to hatch them well : the bed way whereof, and mod commonly ufed in Italy 9 and other parts, is faid to be the naturall heat of a woman, either in bed, orocherwife carrying them about her, in her bpfome be- twixt her breafts ; efpecially if (he be a woman of good complexion, or a Virgin : and fo they are hatched commonly in three or four dayes; They keep the eggs all Winter long for the mo(t parr, and without any great inconveni- ence, not thinking of hatching them, till the Mulberie- trees be well Uofem'd , the leaves whereof are their moft naturall food, and are IcMoQie out before the latter end of iV^jr, or beginning ■& .1 1^' 1- ■'' .\ ^TA ) begtoningofjmf. When the eggs ire hacch'c, and clie woroi appeares, the next care is to procure ic fuftenatice, whereby ii may grow to a bignelSi and ttrengch able to work. Their beft meat, at I faid, is the Molbufy leaves ; for thopgh they feed them fomecimes with the leaves of Ruitis, or the great Brajnbki with Lettice, and likwife with Netde- leaves • yet neither doe they thrive fo w^ll, nor weave fo bjgge a web, as they doe, when they are fed with the Mulberry* leaf. Tbey feed with a gcea£ appetite, affoone as ever they are bred, eating conftantly thrice a day^t;/^. at Morning, Noon, and Night, when they are. young ; and when they are grown fio fome bignefs, five or fix times every day. After they have fed well for the fpace of nine or ten dayes together, and Iheir bellies are full. They are taken with a kinde of dead fleep: which holds them for the mofl; part three or four dayes together : and though it be a (ickncflTe and Tome wcakning to them, yec they awake of thcmfelves, and in time by good handling feem to be revived with it,and fall to feeding afreih. And this they doe conftantly, that ifi feed, fleep^ and revive a- gain, three feverall times at leaft before they come CO their ftUl ftrength, or to be able to wei^ve : which is conmMly about fourty or fifty fift3^day( have had fpace of e they feed give over ving, knoi they are k have hith< rare inten thactbebi put of wfa Silk, begii the lawn c Againft v working , boQghc or any other and dfy : bed* any ever, whit or othewi bothtoW boughs tlu hll to wo one twig t athwart^ a kinginwar thf center hv ) V— *"►.-.* .■-•.v*.,«rt«'-»,.-*'rflr.'*lh»''' -.V - - is CO )WtO rbeft • foe )i the with 1 5 yet avefo ^re fe4 igceic etfing Sloon, when or fix ell for r, tnd /vith a •or the : and IDg to nd in 1 with eydoe lYC t- c they ble CO rcy oc fifty fifty^dtyes after their firft birth. When they have had cheir laft and longeft flecb; for tKe fpace of eight or ten dayes togechermerwards Chey feed the ftoutlieft. of all, and then quite give over; which they that keep chem percei- ving, itnow chac now their belly is fnll.and that they are ready to worke out all again that chey have hitherto eaten, with the advantage of a rare intereft betide. They know it alfo by this, thatthe bagge of Silk, that is to by^ the matter out of which the Worme afterward fpinsthe Silk, begins to appeare, and to Aiine chroogh the lawn covercure or chin (ides of che worm. Againft which cime chey chac look Co chek working, have alwayes in readinefs fome boQ^ or branches of the Oke, Chefnut, or any other tree, whofe fubftance is very hard and dry : for upon fuch chey alwayes work bed; any degree of moiftnefr, how little t> ever, wluther of thc^ aire, or in their Loome^. or ochewiie, being counced very prejudicial! bochto Worm and to the web. Upon chere boughs chey lay che Wormes, which pnsfencly fall CO work and fpinning of cheir chred &om one cwigco anpcber, backward, forward and athwarc, as cbemfelves pleafe, alwaies wor- king inwarda thac is from che circumference to dwccnttr o( middle i>«rtj ciJIiKliifttheyJiavf ,:>bni.- • Qhio -^ >i > «■ .*■, (176) fpiin a«ta round bagof Silki for the mod part tof an Ovilor oblong figure, in which lait of ^all chey clofe up chemfelves; yet dill continuing to work, till they have either wholly ortvell nigh filled up the bag within/aiid that the bot- tonne within rhcmreive$,r(;&. within their buow- eils, ahd out of which they fpin, be quite fpenc and unravelled. The big, or web which thefe Silk-wormes (pin is many times as big as a mans head all of one thred, ib fiiie, that it ban hirdly be dircerned, but by very good eyes, and fpunoutfo long without any rupture or once breaking off, that, as AlJr9i;andHs affirmeth, fome one, of them might be able to circle about the biggcft City in Italy. The colour of it is different, white, yellow, green ;or otherwifc, according either to the nature of the Climate and Country where they work, or to the qua- lity of the food, with which the wormes arc fed. Thisfpinning holds them conmonly uinc brtendayes. When all is done^ and they are come, as it were, to the lad thr^d of the Clue, and that the Wofme, by fillingup the bottome df the bag, hath quite emptied her felf , in a Ihort time (He dies, as we faid before, in the iliidftofher felf madeprifon and work: an4 there fpring otut of her SkelftdH, after fome few 4iay$i two other lefler WormeS| of the fame jDi:^! ^ kindc, kmde, th( figure; v\ a« vvelike die : and t whole wel tifthath V own skill, of which I 7. This which as | from the n of Hierom poem of th ^hisistheoi fo rare and the entray! fadlion and and Ladies in it, woulc perhaps it v iBeans, tha perfonagesi not pat the out of fafli • 8. As ft whereof are kindely Mi wormes^ I hi ^/* 6i<.:i.-4^> ..-, >-l,*.-,/!T*l»lli^W- ming Well :boc- iiow- fpenc thefe as a \t tan s,aind ronce :fnetb, about of it is irwife, Itmate e qua- es arc yoinc y arc Clue, , in a in the and icfcw fame kinde» »77 ; kinde, though differing fomewbit in (hape and^ figure; whofe bufineft is onel/ to propagate, < \ as we likewife faid ; and that being done they t die : and theSilk- mailers unravelling again the i whole web, or bag of filk, which the dead Ar- tift hath wrought, order it according to their' own skill, as may be mod fit for the Mercha^nt; ofwhjch I can fay but little;*'^ ' ^^**?^ «f ^s 7. This is the generation of Silk wormes, which as briefly as I could, I have defcribed from the report of divers Authors ; efpeDtally of Hierammus Vida his curious and elegaint poem of this fnbjeft intituled de Somijcei a(nd this is the original! and firft ground of Silk.that • fo rare and fo much efteemed veflure : it is but the entrayles of a Worme, an eflfeft of^pirtri^ fa6lion and rottennefs ; which if the Gallants and Ladies of the world, when they ruiHe moft in it, would be pleaf d a little to reflect upob, perhaps it would doe themnohatm;andbea means, that while it renders their outward perfonagescomely and fine,a$ it dotb^ ttfhould not put their inward and better part fo much out offisifhion; ^^ni nm tJUs* t?tju3 i^>30^HJ;^• 8• As for the Mulberry trees, the ieavet whereof are faid to be the moft uatu raft' and kindely fuftentnce that can be for^tre Silk- wormcsi I have not much to fay of thtoy * only N J^ v^ this. '.^-- '■£* ' ^ ■ .^ ■V M tlML They ire Tffosf of fooMivhat a larger fixe diijQ or4iniir}r» of a great body or crunk and aUb 0f b^'gh growth. Thq^ beare their fiuic in clnfters lite grapes, being indeed notUng elfeboca mnkiiade a^ feail berries growing CQgedier upon one (ong bunchy juft as grapes doe. The leaves are broad and fomewbac thick, of a very green colour, and iifaarpeniog co- wards the end in faAiioo of a heart feeming to be fnipcor ci^ rpluid abouc the edges with iittie galhe$, mom or lefsdeep^ according to cheJkiiideof the Mulberry : for there are two bi^ of ibeai>z/i«^ the black & the white; fo cal- • ed ficom the colour of the fruit which they beat : ehe firft whereof, when ripe is outward- ly irfack, bucthepulpeofic, or/ucy fubftance within i^ed or of a dt&p murry • the other white andof a more pleafanc taft, fomethingrefem- blingiv^rtne. They grow bdlin hot Gauntries: and wheire thq^ make Silk, there are whole Woods and Groves of them, made or prefer- ved mipufpoikt OB^ly for the Silk- wormes to feed on. Of all the Trees of the Garden it is counted to be the lafl: thac putcedi forth ^s bbffoimcs ; which ic nevelrdo^ till about the end qSMaj^ or begponii^ of Jum, wbenaH the coU weather is gone: ind tfli then th^ Silk*- wormes alfc^ lyhoretbcy breed natuca^aad .iip'- /' ' -^'^ . HOC not by 1 fo man) ing of £ that cim at if the correfpo They gr< own kitt( upon foi berry is < called tb( of them ft fome otbe Planters t thebuHne ty of Silfo, than any o But they t well fuffic buffae&. ■•fl*»-r4 i f- fU-vIv »^ \ • '-v^vf-;. |l ' :^'i,^^-i ■ -..if., ':',---^-'rj\v\. V;V.-;*.'.-i.ijtiV [k:^- rget ronk ffutc btng wing rapes hick, I Co- ng to with iDgtO etwo b ctl- i they wird- ftance white refem- Dtries: whole prefer- mesto en it 18 >fth4ts mt the iibentU kSitk* not (If 9) not by the irt and care of cnan> lye dead like To many little graina or fced»i or like the dung- ing of ile(h. flics, upon the ground; but after that time begin to revive and (hew fhemfehret ; at if there were fome natural! fympathy and correfpondence betwixt the one and the other. They grow either naturally of a flip of their ownkinde, or by the tnocohtKHi or grafting upon fome other Trees: and the whke MuU berry iscoinmoafy agfaft upon that which is called the white Poplar. There are good (lore of them faid robe at Sfrmmla^, Virginia, and' fome other Erglifli Piantattons ; whichi if the Planters hid Skill, or were jen joyned to mind thebufinefs, might in time afford great plen^ ty of Silks 3nd a richer tradeand employment than any other Commodity they yet cfeale in. But they think not of ic ; and therefore it may well fumce toh»ve fpoken thus much of the bufkiels. V ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ Na ^'^\::'p^\, €»AP.S .■i_i_.:.i'r i- •-»*«.r4. » >W -! it :<- V" »Wl' :v5 * V r , t: 'f »..'i^ k!^^ ^,', .% 411 :^-''i^^ ^.m \ J- m^ k^'-tii. im^tm ' ^1*1 *■.*-•? f:,*m , 2.e Amoiig all Metalls, Gold hath juftly the preheminence orfirft place, in the cfteemeof men, by reafon of its naturall perfeAion and parity, which is fuch, as it renders the Metal in a manner incorruptible and of immortall durance. It is not improbably conceived to be a fubftance, wherein the Elements, viz- Fire, Earth, Water, &c. (which are the naturall In- gredients and conftitutionofull other fubiu- nary bodies) are mixed with molt equall and exaft proportion, both for quantity and quality, that is, there is no more of the Subftance of any of them found in it, then the condition of the reft will mod fitly agree with and endure, and that fubftance likwife moft peifeAly ddPecate and purged by the work of nature from til intrinfecall impurity or cor- ruption, before it meets in compoftcion with N3 ' the ;'*: t ' tberof^i whence arifethfoch ItperfbA Union and Coafoiidicion c^all the Eltmetitall Tub- Hanas in the fubftance of Gold ai i$ mvinci- Ue, andrefifteth ck&aAiivicy of alt other bo- dies whacfoever lefs purified, and lefi perfe^Iy ^ miied, whofe cc^ntrariecy ihbvAd otheirwife caufe corruption, orchediffolutionof irsfub- ttanciall and eflTcnciall parts. I fay the Elements m the cocnpoficion oCGold, are both fo pure in themfelves, and likewife fo perfe^ly mixed indue proportion to another, that it is natu- rally impoflible they flioxild be Teparare^or dif- folvcd #ne from another by theaftionofany other body, in which 'cis evident, they are not fo perfeAly mixed. Yea the Fire it felf, the moft adive of all Elemtnts and Elementary bodieS) which incinerates and turns to A(hes» the fubftance of all conimbn Metals, and ftnflbly waltech Silver it felf, yet prevails noe fardier upon thisi than only to refine and pu« rifie it, that i$, to deliver it from the adulte- rate and impioper mixture of other Metals • but wafteth not onedratm orfctupleofpure Gdld, though you melt it a hoodred times o* ver. This renders Gold in a manner incorrup'* tible andimmortall ('fpeaking naturally) and by confiiquence the moft excellent abd fitting inftrumenc of commerce andbartery that the wit wit and r Second i perfeAioi ftanee, 01 mentofv proportic the whol( tntion Rq that is we as appears perience 1 comparifc only) it is ftionlefs i perfeAion celled by ^ I obferve, ("both of Metals, comparab Ihnean, fon, or betwixt tl the coma much a p( pound of pound of be eafily c s ■t--u f f wit and reafon of oiaft eo*l4 kiveat or it(\m^ SecOfi4 ^ excellency and in tU properties of perfeAioB nnto Gold, '- i&tc of Silver j afub- ftanee, or MdealHcl^b&«ly,i wherein tne Ble« ment of wmer kems Co or^vail in foai€ omhie proportion aborethic of fire rendring thereby the whole fiibllance of the MfetaU of a coafti- tation flegmacick, as I maiy fly, and femkHne, that is weak andlefe able to refift contrarieties^ as appeares by ihe pale colour of ity and li^ ex- perience upon all oc^alions of trytfl : y<^ ia compartfon of all other Mttals except Gold only) it is with iU reafon preferred^ and ^[oo- ftionlefs excells them all both in |iulky and pcrfcftion of mixturei as mnch as it felf is exr celled by gold ; and perfaafifii macb ooiore. For I obfervci the Metals of gold and filver dof (^both of them) exceed all the other forts of Metals, whither Iron, BfaTs, Coppefr, Sec. in- comparably or beyond compafiron.as wee fay* I ^ean, there never was any certain compari- fon^ or proportion of value, fixed amd fecled betwixt the one and the otherby eftimatioin or the common confeot of men, as to fay how much a pound of Gold is bettdir worth than a pound of Iron ; or i pound of Silver than a pound of Brafs or Lead ; not but that it may be ealily calculated and knowi^i how much the ,1 N 4 * : one 1 oneeiceeds the other in value ; but beciuis it u Hot commonly k»oVff9t, not ever waS| I fup - pdre/by any generil and certain eftimatson ot codhc among men: whereas the proportion, or difference in value, betwixt gold and (ilver, hath ever been generally and certainly known among men;not indeed fo fixed & certain as to be atwaies,& in all place$«one and the rame(for it varicth according to times and places, and efpedally according as either the one or the other metal is plentifol, orfcarfe^needfulljor (COtiffted left necelTary among men) but yet a projportion or Tome certain dtfFerence in va- Iqe bath been ever commonly ellimated and aflSjgned betwixt jthem. Anciently the pro- portion betwixt thefe metals is faid to have been of tert for one, that is, one talent of gold was held to be worth, ten talents of filver ; To that if five talents of gold were due, and t man would make payment in filver, he thould pay fifty talents; and for fifty due in gold, five hundred in diver. Plinj reporcs, that at the firft coyning of thefe metals in Rome, the proportion was fonrteen and an half or fifteen for one; others; ns HeroJotm, fpeak of thir- teen. But that which feems now to be moll common at the Indies, China, and other pla^ cc^, efpecially where (ilver is fcarce, is the pro- - I '. portion portion offilverb be, an ot fterling, & left than f^ 3. Of plenty at ( finite rich all the Pi Peru, Caji in man;^ c in the O Gnadalaia all thofe { powdered I of it to th common I take up in with it, an and crumb no way la judgemeni more of (h hath been I neral aoali three for :f fame gold manners o t \ ■ . •? fup. tion, ilver, town as to e(for , and )r the all, or t yet a inva- d and : pro- \ nave fgold :r; fo and t hould gold, hac at fe, the ifceen thir- jmoft :r pla* epro- )rtion portion of twelve for one ; So that if ah odhci offilver be worth five (hillings, as itisfaidcb be , an ounce of gold is Worth three pound fterling, & a pound of gold in weight worth ind lefs than fourty e^ght pound of (ilver in Coyn. 3. Of this Metal, vi^ gold, there is fuch plenty at the fVefl- Indies, that, befide the in- finite rich Mines thereof, which they hive ia all the Provinces of the Southern parr, t/i«. Pern, CafieUaJeloro, Chile, &c. and likcwife in many of them in the Northern, efpecially in the Countries of 2{Jcarajt$ia , Veragna, GftadaUiara, there is fcarfeaRivcrofnotein all chofe parts, but the fands of ic are well powdei'd with gold , and afford good (lore of it to the wafliers : yea the very earth, oc common foil, which they di^i or otherwife takeupinmoft parts of Peru, is fo tin£hircd with it, and yeelds tvac and aiion fuch grains andcrumblings ofit, that Acofla, m Amhot no way Uvi(h of his reports, nor of t light judgement, profeflfeth to think there is much more of (he metal yet to be difcovered than hath been found; judging,as he doth, by the ge« neral ooalitie or tincture of the Soile.There be three iorif of gold at the Indies, or rather the fame gold or metal they finde in three fevefil manners or wiie«| viz. in grains^ as they call them. ^^. ,0 ,-v.r. ¥s L*^ t^i. >^..i »'■ c m ) they cati certain fmttt ptece»of gald, vthtch :^ ihey Endc tfi the earcbi of pare aad perfed oiie- ul| wichcmc mixcure of any oebef fore of bafet jaHoy, or ae leaft with fo ftsall a miziiire, as it fcaf fe needeth melckig or relming. Thefe the Spaniards mAmirieacM Pepmes, from foflde K^feaibtance .ivhtch the graint have co the feeds of Melons or Pompioos | though loiny times Cbey ate much bigger, and contain a pound ^Nreigliit or more. They iinde (ilver Ukawiie ibmetiiries in the fame manner, vi^ in grains, and pore ; but that is but feldome, and a little in comparifoii of what rhey finde of the other. GMiftft^Hi, iV a vein or little Mine of gold, which growcth and fpreadetk it felf into Niches in forae flint or ocberftone, juftas fitveif doth iii the Mine. Much of this fort is found in the Mineis ofCmr$tma, and about the S^imN or Sslf'^iki ofP#rii»a place focal- kid i where they Hnde huge ftones pierced ma* fly tunes quite through, and interlaced every way with veins of gold, in ftich quantity, and {o^richly, chat the ftone is fooiid, not feldoro, to be more than half gold. Of this fort is that which they finde moft commonly in the Mines^ and is very gMd gold, but requireth ezceffive labour and paint t^ break it from the (lone, and and to ge which the) places wh( the Mount of, bring roountainSj pieces, wh in the fand where afte it felf is m drcdon ch( tainous pai f^t from tl v/,,■> m .: I ' ^r' of the Mine ufualiy doth, to gather it^tbey firft of all divert, or turn the courfe of the ftream fome other wty, and then fearchche Fdrd> efpeciaily in this breaches , if there be any, and in the cliffs, or hollow places of the banks, where i^is likely it may (ettle in its paf- fage with the waters : and in fach places they alwaies finde beft ftore. It is,for the moft part, V the women^werk to gather this fore of gold ; which they doe in this manner. They (ic com- inonly knee-deep in the water, opon the bark of fome River, or other place, where they have good ftore of water before them, with a Trey or little Bole ifi their hands, cut flopingon either (ide, but in the midft deep aod round, iike the bottom of a Barbors Bafon, having a good quantity of the fand which they are to wa(h^contiimally (landing by diem,& which is brought to them by fome other body appoin- ted CO ferve them : Of this fand they take what quantity they think fir, and wa(h it in their Treys, in fuch manner, as the fand and 6ndy earth eafily wa(heth away together %ith the water, and the gold, by reafon of its beivinefs and weight, naturally (inks down indffips into the deep bottom or bole of the TVey : which when they have done, they deli- fer it likewife to others that Aand there to ^■i i -a receive %- ■' receive it, every Trej or four pc viz». one the wafhei it is wa(h( another tc themai!. ! nijghr, froi thus you A and feircfa the Rivers. thering of fining it, \ fining of ft] * 4. Silve as they cal they finde that metal ou^ofthe: it to be foi the metal and down upward, root of a ti ^or fo for I neralifts d ofthefemt itjthey of the rch the itrebe ; of the its paf- e« they ft part, FgoW; t com- ic bark ey have i a Trey Mngoa round, aviog a y are CO which is ippoin- ey cake (h icin ind and ogether m of its \ down e of the ey deli- lere to receive 58^ receive ic, and Jtifce in more fand. So that fco every Trey, or v^ather of gold, there are three or four perfons at leaft appointed to attend, viz,, one to bripgthe fana from the River cc thewa(her, another to receive the gold when it is wadied^ one to overfee the work, and another to provide victuals and neceffaries for themalf. For they ftir not from morning tilt nijghr, from the place where they work. And thus you Aiall fee hundreds of people waihing and fearching for gold all along the banks of the Rivers. This is generally the way of ga- thering of gold : as for their manner of re- fining it, we fhill fpeak of thac and the re- fining of filver all under one. J^ ;; ^IIS*^ ^ilM^ ♦ 4. Silver they finde either in veins/r/r^fiiff, as they call them, ot fixed. The firftis, when they finde fome piece, or a few fmall pieces o£ thac metal atone ; which when they have taken ou^ of the Mine, orftone, there is no more of it to be found. The other is, when the vein of the metal runneth out, and: fpreads ic felf up and down che Mine, ia breadth and length^ upward, downward, and every way, like the root of a cree with arms, boiighsi and brandiesf ^orfo for the moft pare it doth • and the Mt« neralifts doe commonly reprefencthe Minea of chefe metals, efpecially of filver, byihecype • .'. * ■ >. ■ of t: /' ^ f '• ■s \ .,•• *,** ?#-.i' •i oft tree plaiited within the bowe)^, or middle ptrt, of fome great mountaini with its root fpreading lai^ely dowowaid , and with its boughs and branches reaching as far upwards, even to the toDi or higher parts of the meun- tatn ; at which it ufuaily difcovers ic felf, ei- ther by fome part of the pure vein it felfi bteu kingouti and running along upon the ridges of the mouni;ain, or but iicfle within the fur- ficeof the Earth, or elfe by the fignes ; whkh are certain f^mofitief, or metallick eihalati- onS| which the Mine fendeeh fof th, of diverfe colours, viz,» yellowish , white, blew, green^ according to the ftrength and quality of the Mine, and its neer approach to thefiirface of the Earth, Thefefignesj^where they finde then!, th^ ca(ll Marchafius { and the neerer they approach in colour to the nuetat which they (ignilie, the bc^er fignes they are accounted tofac, as arguing thic the Mine is rich, and that the metal wirhin the ground is well con- cpAfid and pure. This, we muft know, is a ge- Qcri) rule to difcever and ftnde the Mifies^ but not univerfiil. por fometimes thcyVeniure to 4ig,tnd fall upoQi very good Miiiesi without ttf fuch fpeciai lign«s appeiyrin^ o»^ induced by the quality of die aartli, ar>d the natural urrcnncl^ of the m^uiicait or pkce where ^/ '•■■•./ . ' - "' ' they ** , ^S^'sIuAfci .'W-W', they dig{ ru f fign mountaii pitch upi and richi hard, and not a Tr and that flint Witt to be pai comflionJ very gooj of the Mi North ar into Icffe Weft, an inanytim ib narrov branehinj the Chaji i\ diverfe* tipper pa obferveel cal,and ( only caki the platfi ving Su ttnted h, and itkon- iiage- €9^ hue Kieco ..hoot Mfciced Mtiml where they rn f iigne good enough , if the mountain or mountainous part of the Earth which they pitch upon (fot in fucfa a Soile onfy the heft and richeft Mines are found) be very ragged, hard, and (harp, and fo abfolutely barren, that not a Tree, Plant, or Shrub, groweth on it, an4 that the grafs (if yet it bear any) be of a faint withered colour, and feeraing, asitwere^ to be parched with drought. Thefe veins lye comnonly deep within ground, yet aSbrding very good and pure metal. The pf incipal veinf of the Mine, for the moft part, run dtre&ly North and South , yet branching themfdves into leifer boughs feveral wayes, W«. Eafl; Weft, and towards alt quarters, being foqnd many times five or fix foot broad, and feldppi fo narrow as a fpan, and this running i^nd branching of the veins in the Mine, tihey cat^ tl^ Chafi. The way of digging for the metal i% diverJe. Sometimes they begin at the top, or upper part of (he mountaiii, ^where they firft obfervethe Mmhdfitu, or figneaofthe me- tal, and fink the Mine downwar4 like a wett^ only taking a convenient fpice of ^ound for the platform or compafs pf the Mine, and lea. vine Stm^Ms^ot places to r^ upon and dl^ l^aKh tieceflaiy ^f^^ft) at^eertaindiftante ^ ' one «■• .-.jv «;*? #r* .->. ;i.f....t^Li r^ one from another concifiaiily, ts they work deeper into the Mine. The other is, to bt gin todigge at the foot, or neer the bottom of the inouncain, in line almoft level, that is^floping a little lipwards, and till they come perpen- dicularly under the place, where they fiift ob* ferved the tokens of the metal • it bein^ a thing generally prefumed by the Miners, thtt though every Mine of metal that may be in the body oft mountain, doth not (hewitfelfbyfignes at the top, as when it lyes very deep within ground, or is obftrU(5ted by fome Quarrey of ftone or otherwife, yet wherefoever any fuch 0gttes of it doe appear at the top, there ic reacheth to the bottom of the mountain cr to the level of the plain ground, at lead: well nigh to ic, and that the deeper the Mioe runs within ground , the bigger and better it is, verifying in a new fenfe the proverb, The be ft i$ at the bottomt. This is counted the beft way of Mining, and mod commodious in many refpeftSf efpetially for drayning away of the waters , which are commonly found in th^ Mineral hills, and doe extreamly trouble the Miners: in their workj if they be not diverted • andlikewife for carrying the fil ver out oi iiiie Mines whew") it ii digged : neither of which aii t^ done ihi other way, vi^. where the Mine ism II is funk I bour, cl men ; bi waters moiiinta received purpofe pleafe ; out of tl ofitbdi the poo viiih it I way tw ftades, i they dig or leatli mtfchan Mines u pieces, fore the; ufe the they we they ob( found 11 ta^s oft way, w nel or pi they cui >•■ f. V i;.?A.: .ix wark bt gin of the oping :rpen- [ftob- thing dough ;body (ignes within Tey of ^ fuch tere ic icrco :iwell e runs • it 15, he he ft ft way many of the in th^ ^le the ertfd| oi^be ichait :Mine If riiwi m) is (ank right dovi^acd, without excefllivela^ hour, charge^vtime, and halyard to the work- men ; but this way are done with eafe. For the waters t' Jit ifliie out of the chinks of the snoi^ntain, and fall into the Mines, are eafity received into certain Cifterns , made for the purpofe, and by pipes diverted which way they pleafe; and the filver is no lefs eafily carrie-d out of the Mine : For the way to the mouth ofttbemg cither level or floping downwards the poor Miners are not forced to mount mih it upon their backs, as they doe th« other way two hundred, fometimes three butrdred ftades, or man -heights, from the place where they dig it, upon ladders made of Neats- hides or leather , and from whicb^ many times by mtfchance, they fall down with it into the Mines upon their backs , and are broken to pieces. If they dig far into the moontato, be* fore they come at the Mine, they are forced to ufe the Compafs to direft their courfe, as if they were at Sea, according as by the (ignei they obferved the vein to run, when they firft found it. They have likewife another idvan* tagt of the water, when they dig the Mine this way, tfi«. that by the force of it in the chan«- nel or pipes, by which ic runs out of the Mine, they turn about certain Mills, and other En^^ I gins, -<0^^ '■1 m\ O %i /• , ■B. £ giti^i^y which they bre^k iiid grinde the me- tal, when they have gQtcea it out of the Rock, and prepare it for the refining ; doing like wife thereby many other neceflary bufinefle^ apper- taining to the Mines. Neverthelefs about and neer to the mouth of the Mine, they have hou- fes of all necefTary' office befide, for the Mi- ners and other workmen- and efpecialiy a Smiths Forge, for the (harpeningand repiiring of their tools : for their labour is exceflive hard and difficult, and it requires both edged coots and ftrong armes to fplit the hard metili and break ic out of the Mine; which they are forced to doe with wedges, hammers, and all forts of inftrnments, and with no lefsdiificul- tie than they break the hardeft flynt, or any other Quarry of ftone. They labour likewife perpetually in them, I mean, by turns^ fo as while one company worketh, another fleepeth and tikes reft : but the work it felf of the Mine never ftands ftill , but goeth continually on night and day ; of which, in the Mine j, they know no difference, working altogether by candle- light, as well by day as bynsghi,an4 without which, their noon and their midnight would be both alike. For indeed the Mines in this cefpeft may be taken for the Suburbs of Hell, by reafon of their extreaatdttkoefs; and ,- .^ V how W- how nter fotwt they be to tfait tnandech all thitigs^yei; they alvtratei want tbcrt three of the chief comforts of Nature, havifig neither Sun nor Light, nor good Aire in the Mines. $. The lift and moft curious work about the Metals is the refining ofthem, that is, the feparating and purging them from themixaire of other courfer metak, with which they are alwaies mof e or lefs ingendred in the Mines. This is done two manner of waies> either by Fire, or by Quick- (ilver. The Indians ancient- ly, before the Spaniards came among chem, uft:d no other way of refining hot onely by fire, and melting of the metal. To which end they had nfually, and have dill in many places, to this day, feveral fmalt furnacesi which they call Guayras, built neer the Mines, in placet where the winde commonly bloweth ; with which , without further trouble or need of bellows ,only byfupplyrrig fhekn with wood or coale from time to rinfie, is (hall be neeef-* fary, they make their refining. And they Ay there is fome kindeoffilifcripartkttlartythac of Pote^ , which wHI not be tiief ced by any artificial whde they can make, aiofthebeU' lows, orotherwife, but onlyby tlvatwbichb' niturtlof AtGmifi^ai : and tltereforb ii^'oii^ '" O 2 the '■-.* V ' ?v i. f '•!:#• '.*>/«. .i;;- < »9 tli»lip6f thiC hogcmoanttin, vk,.f$t9^\^ ihere are commonly feeiv fiveorfixchourtnd of thefe Gnajras^ or little firei, buming all at one time together ; which in an evening, or dark night, they fay is a very pleafant fpeftacie, CO behold them blazing all at once , like fo many little Comets, or fixed Meteors of the Earth. But the more common and fpeedy way 11 to refine by Qjjick (ilver, which the Spani- ards doe now generally ufe ; both becanfa thev have eitraordinary plenty of it, and becau& they finde it draws more ntver out of the mafs which they refine, than by fire they an doe. tf. Qoick-filver among metals is like water among the elements, it is the glue and folder of them, vi«. when it isrefraoed and in due proportion : for othcrwife, when it is united, and entirc.io f t fclf, it feparates andconfumes all of them but gold and filver. In which r&* fpeA they call it not improperly the HMmidum raJicsle of meuls. It is a liquid fubftance, ha- ving no certain form or fixed fubitteact of it felf, but mns continuallv from place CO placcy as gold and filver, or otncr metals doe, when cb.:y are melted, yet is it the heavicft anid moft compared of ill other metals ; for they all fwim upon ^ukl^ filver, and will never fink to ck bottom. Tlcy lay a piece of |rqn of two ■tii ' Of If oufand g all It ing, or ?£tacle, like fo of the lywiy Spani- & chcv cctu(e tiuiff loe. water folder liodae anited, nfumei ^dum ^c, ha- rt of it place, when Imoft icy all ink to fcwo or or three pooncf weight hath b^en caRilnroa little barrel or veffel of quick-iiiver^ Vi^ fwaiQ upon the top of it| like corke, or fome piece of light wood in a yeflelof wacer>and would not fink ; only gold, they fay, will (ink; which they attribute to a fecret propertis and fyropathie, that is betwixt thofe two metals. It hath many rare and admirable properties • but that which may feem mod remarkablci and which fits it fo much for the cffcA we are now fpeskingof, t//«. the refining and purifying of the meuis, is the natural fympathie and in- clination which it hath to gold and filver. efpe- ciallythe firft; which it naturally feeks out, where it is to be foutjd, among all metals, fe- parates and divides it from them all, and it felf embracing and circling it round about im- mediatly, and without the mizturt or inter, pofition of any thing elfe but it felf. In the iame manner, but not altogether fo intimately and perfeftly it unites with (ilver ; not pene- tratine the fubftlnce of the metal, which the perfea compofition thereof, if it be pure and fine, refifteth and forbiddeth as hath been faid, but only embracing and circling about it on all (ides, yet piercing and confaming the cour- fer metals, if there be, and fo long as there be any of them miKd wich it. And though it be O 3 of (ipS) -» ' ; icI^^fi^theheavicftofallotKbriaetalsi yet is it fooiitft traaftmited or changed into the ligbtcft fubftance of aU, vi^. Imoak; whicha Kttle fire prefbncly doth : and chat fmoak vl^- : poracing, and flying up inco any colder Region or when it encounters any cold metal, as in the head or cop of t Stilt, it prefently gathers eogetKer again , and becomes perfed quick- fiiver. Hence it fervechroesxeUently wetlto refine and purifit both chefe metals, vU. gold ftnd (liver, and tikewife to be it fetf fepara-^ ted from them agaSo afterward. It groweth naturally inthe Ve;nniiKon,Qr Mininm, which is a metal well known & much ufed for paioc- ing & dying-aod of which chey have admirable rich Mines in diverfc pares of Amerka • efpe- cialtv-chofeofP^/r^, out of which they draw year^, only for the Kings ufe, a hundred thou- iandp^«9/of mine; and tbofeof Gnaneavika, whicA yeeld every yeer eight or nine choufsnd QutQCab, or fo many times one hundred tw[enty five pound weight of quick- fit ver : Atid of another they report, that % poor Indi- an of Acorui^ who firft found it, fold the inte- ffcft which he thereby had imhe Mine, t/f 9. for difcovef ing of it, for tw^ hundred and fiftk tbottfand Duckacf, and afttrwards commen- ced i fuit agakuft the buyer for deceiving bin ^^ in in the b intereft worth f Before ofothe thefto eafily i firft wc evapor Limbec encout GOfigre prctent it is b; Stillat- pointe fo wel wood andd< theM it, 6 c 7- diggc coloi look! red,i ceivc and< f: I yet IS Into the which a Region h asin Igathcrs qfuick- Well to *. gold fepara- rovveth , which * psrioc- Dirabte ; cfpe- finw \ thou. odred y vcr : Indi- inte- . for fiftie nen* ihiiii (199) in the bargain ; tt being foondi that his .ii^ly intereft in the Mine, for finding it, warii^^ worth five hundred thonfand pound and mbit^ Before they can u(e it for the refining & purging of other meta!s, they muft firft ieparate it fiom the (lone or metal in w^^' it groweth .This they eatily doe by fire, which melts the ftone, being firft well grinded or broken, & the quick- fiiver evaporates in fmoak up tothehead or top of the Limbeck, or vedell wherein it is melted, where encountring a colder fubftance, \t as quickly congregats and thickens again, and would fall prefently down agiin, bill; that in the diicenc it is by pipes in the head of the Limbe k or Stillatorie diverted into fome otbei^ vcflels ap- pointed to receive it. They keep it in nothing fo well as in leather- veflBels : for any thing bf wood or ordinary metal tt would eate through and deftroy : and 'tis faid, they fpend only ac the Mines of PotoKi, in the refining of filver by it, 6 or 7000 Quintals,one year with another. 7. Silver, if it be good, even when 'tis firft^ digged out of the Mine, is of a white greyifb colour, like the beft fort of Amber : but if ic looks darker, inclining any thing to black or red, it is not counted gooid, but rather con- ceived co have in it a great quantity of earth ind drolls, which muft be purged away in the \ ' O 4 rcfi* i- ■^ iii\ . «' f lOO ) r^Rning : Neverthelefs tbey count it no ill ydn.when every pound weight of metal one of the Mine yeelds but two or three fe«o/ of perfe6l filver,whcn 'tis refined . Now the man- ner of refining metals by quick- (ilver, and alfo of feparacing the quick-filver again from the metals, when they are perfeAly refinedt is thus. Firll: of all with hammers, and other inllru- mentsfor the purpofe, they break andgrinde the metals as fmaii as poffibly they can, redu* cing them, fo. neer as may be, into a duft or powder, which they afterwards fife through a fearfe of Copper, and then put it into certain Troughs or broad opeiiiiipdels, being firfl moi* ftened or well fleept inl^nte or falc water.This they doe^becaufe the fate hath ascertain quick penetrative force in it, and isapttoieparate the earthly and droffie parts which as yet (lick to the metal, and confequently makes it more fit to receive and draw thequiik filvertoit* When this is done, they fet the veilels which contain the powder, or pulverizated fubftance of the metals upon little furnaces, with a fofc fire under them, which they increafe by little and little. This is done, becaufe the fire alfo is obferved very much to help and facilitate the incorporating of thec^uick-filver, with the me- tal. After this having the quicksilver 'U. or or Me nimble tals) and ft throu^ fells ; like tinua down upon rpace time porat fo int cwix^ other was 1 (hall Afte! Merc incoi fined icco they whi< whi< ciutc the or Mercury (as the Chyoiifts call it from its nimblenefs ind a£i:ive, fearching into the me- tals) in a piece of Hollandi or (ome other fine and flirong linnen , they prefs or ftrain it through the cloath upon the metal in the vef- fells ; upon which it falleth in fmall drops like dew : fome body in the mean time con- tinually moving and (lirring the metal up and down in the veflel, while the quick- filyer drops upon it, and afterwads alfo at cimes, for the fpace of five or fix dayes together : in which time the mercury will be (o perfe6Uy incor- porate with the metali and have united it felf fo intimately to it, that nothing fliill be be- twixt them, but that ail thedrofs, earthy or other courfe metal whatfoever, with Vvhicb it was naturally engendred or mixed before, (hall be either coniumed or feparated from it. After fome time, when the Refiners ihink the Mercury hithdone his part, and be perfe<^ly incorporated with the metal that is to be re- fined, they tske the whole quantity or mais of itc ogether,out of the Troughs or vefTcIs where they are, and put it into certain other veflfelsi which are bigger and Almoftfullofwater;in which they again fall Co ftir and to move the quick- (liver and metal together up and down the vefTeli in fuch manner, as that the earth and V J drolfie ■^1 ; ( 2C1 ) dfdflie parts of the metal, fepirated frodi the other, doe pt^s away with the water, and the fiheror gold united with the mercurie, as be- ing more ponderous and weighty fubftances» reraain at the bottom : which they take one and wa|b yet once again in Keeters, or certain broad and deep platters, till it feem ^hroughty purged firom the earth and droflie fubftance. The metal thus united with mercury appears Kke fmaH find. And becaule there alwaies flips away fome portion of (ilver and quick- diver with the drofs in thewa(hmg$, there* fore they commonly waih that drofs over and over again , till at length nothing be toft either of the one or other. When they Ira thus throughly cleanfed from the djofsi they appear bright and ilitning, either with a white or ydlowiAi colour^ according to the proper nattfre of the mettl that is united with the mercury. And by this they know the me- uU are refined as much as they ought. Then followeth the laft piece of work, which is to feparate the mercury or quick filver from the metal, wherewith it is ineorpof ate, that fo they ma^have the pure metal alone. And this is donethus. ' ' . - . .^.. m. S.Firft they ftraki k^as before^throu^ apiece of ftrong fine linnea^ or HoUafidi as forcibly ai ,... they yf~J>r they c filver I tal, it dewu viz» t1 in oni and d monly whole they k earche Scill, the pn laying giving this h fently fore,- vefletl count ensa^ ofth« poco certai in the or ea righ§ mtbe ndehe asbe- ances» keooc erraici ughry ance. spears iwaies ]uick- chere- over ig be I ch^y (farofsi ;vicha the [ with erne- Then lis to mche ahey his IS piece >lyai they they caQ% this means if there be any Quick- fiiver not incorporate and uQited with the me- tal, it paffeth out as before in litcie drops like dew which they gather and fave ; and the reft, viz. theiijver and quick- fiiver united remain in one lump together : which with much ars and diligence they woik lafl: of all into the fa- Aiion of a Sugar loaf, containing mod com- monly one hundred pound weight in the whole, and made hollow in the midfl. This they fet upon a furnace, covered with a certain earthern vefTell in the nature of a Limbeck or Scilt, but of the fame fa(hton, and mould that the metall within is, viz.. of a Sugar-loaf, laying fomefcw coals upon the top ^ir, and giving a good ftrong heat to the furnac^With this heat alithe qtiick-Ahfetin the metal prgu fently evaporates and flies up, as we faid be- fore, into the top of the Ltnfibeck or earthen veflett r where being flsfrigi^rated by the en^ counterof a colder fobftance^ it qukUy thick* ensagsin, and diftils downwards by the fides of the Limbeck, like thefmoak orvaponfofa pot covered and Teething on the fire ; and by certain Retorts or pipes framed convenienclf inthehc*ad or upper part of thefaidLiinbecK: or eat then veffel, it U nof permitted to fall right dovvnagmn, bat diverted another w^i /t. and i v:4 1 : 1 . \'] '1 '.'il AS'-j'.- '■:« (104) and received aptrt by ic feir The filver in the mean time remaining entire opon thefbrnace, wichouc changing form, but yet abating much of its weight, by reafon of the abrencet>f the mercury, which is now flown quite away .They fay it abates commonly five parts of (ii in the weight : fo that if the whole lump or loaf of filver and Mercui^ united, weigh thrcefcore pound, when it is nrft fet on the furnace, when the Mercury is fublimated and gone, it weighs not above ten ; fo great is the difproportion or difference in weight betwiit them. 9. For the breaking and grinding of the mecalls, when they are firft taken out of the Mine, which, as we faid before, is aneceflary prepmtive to their refining and incorpora- ting with the AiercHTj, thtyhvfc many En- gins or Mills, fome whereof goe with Florfes or Btifalos in them ; others are turned by wa* ter, carrying huge Pelttes in them, which beat and break the metall, afcer the manner of Tanne> mills. They carry commonly twelve or fourteen Peftles apeice, and there are faid to be no lefs than fourty eight of thefe Miltsat P0- to^i , which goe by water, and thirty more which goe with Horfes> be(ide a multitude of hand-Engins : at the City of Tarafaju, not farre from Pot^i there are twenty two all ^ ; upon upon the wtcerr which doe nothing elfebut grinde and break the filver».af in fo many greac Morcers, night and day without ceafing. When the metal is thus feparated from theMercuiyi they count it pure and refined » whither it be gold or (ilver» and as fuch melt it again into barres , and carry it to the Touchftone and marjcing. For it is not yet foperfeAly purified and fine, but it muft, at leaft in part, endure one.tiyalland purging more. This is done by the Affay'mafter,as they call him, who gives to every peice or barre of (ilver, its particular kU tov or valuer according to which it muft be fold, andpafs for metal more oriefs fineand pure, and without which Alloy and mark gi- ven it bythe Aflay-mafter, it is not lawfoU to vendanyofthofemetalls. It'sagreuand rich Office at the Indies to be Affay- mafter, and requires Uftewife a great and exaft skill in the metan9, vi^c. to give the true alloy and value to every price and barre of metall that is brought. The bufinefs is done thus. They bring their metal in barres or ingots to the Aflay* mailer or his Deputy, who cuts from every oncof ihem a fmall peice of metal, and weighs it exaftly, marking well out of which barre oc ingot every peice wis cut ; and then puts them one by one into fevcrall Crufibles or Melting* poa i ■::" , ■■ .'J i ( to6 ) pots which he hath fttnding on the fire, marked every one of them according to the number of the barre, to which the peice of metall beiongr, that he puts into it. Thefe Crufibles are little (mall veiTeils made for no other purpofe, but for the lall trying of the metail, and mod com* monly of the a(hes of certain burnt bones, which are beaten together and caft into a Mould. To everyone of thefe fee on the Fur. oace, the ASaymafter gives a (Irong and vio- lent fire by which the metal inflantly melts, and the Lead, Copper, Tin, or other bafer me- tal, in cafe there be any yet remaining in it, dif- folves and evoporates into fmoake, and the fil- ver or other metal, remains in the Crulible a- lone, now advanced to the utmoft perfeAion and finenefs that art can give it, 'and withalt fo ftrangely united and Hxed in it felf^chat chongh it be liquid and molten, yet they fay, it will Mver fpitl nor runout, though the mouth f the Cruffi>le (hould be turned downward, bue tbida ftill within it, fiim and fixed without loofing one drop^ or the leaft particle of iti fttbftance.When the A^Tay- imtRer perceives by the colour of it f which is then fiery red) that the metal is perfedi^ty refin'd, ain4that it hath evaporated aM tint wasevoporable by fire in its fiibftattcc> he takes the IcveraU Crufibles off the furnaces. furnace they m every p derfull I weight and ace to wha he gives alloy, ] tion ol ballanc moft d their gi ken up pair of and thi candle of win ven«, t So pre and no edimai fudgen purity fiiid. ^iv?\; If- \ *.' 4' iStU-it /■i:'-'«i: >'/*!rJ <107 furnaces, and fees them infome place, whisiv they may conveniently cool, and then weigtai every piece over again^ obferving with won-^ derfuli exadnefsi what every one wants of the weight which it had, when it was firft put in, and according to the waft, that is, according CO what he finds it want, of the firft weight: he gives the whole barre or ingot of metal the alloy, and markes it at what value or eftima- cion of purity and finenefs it ihall pafs. Tha ballance and weights which they ufc, are the moft delicate and curious in the world, and their graioes fo fmall, that they cannot be ta-* ken up by a mans fingers, but only with a fmali pair of pincers, which they have on purpofe : and they make the triall for the moft part by candle light, that not fo much as any fufpicton of winde or aire extraordinary (hojuld ii»i:eC'« vene, to move the ballance one way Of other. So precilely curious are they in the bufinefii ; and not altogether without caufe,for upon the eftitnate of this little piece , tl^ value and fudgement of the whole barre, or ingot, foe purity and finenefa, dependeth^ as hath been .^&Bi^-^. .h:^Sj%:^. i,) *.rfr- \rt t>-:f: 14 .-<*? * y.. :'•;*, *>(.• '■] i ■ ) .* ■^hiiax'-lt.^-tjA'.-yff'-*''^ T ■v^.. r^bg; ■ •■*■■. ^1^^i^S,.::iyiihi-tt::\ :^.-Srti,.h--:^y,' i. ,;-'v.'j|: :.^* >' '.^'ii^'i^ m^'^^'' '•« • I-; Chap. XII. / \ * -/ Of the famous Jilvtr^Minn 0/ PoCozi, 4»^ «/ , the Pearles and PearUfiJbing at the Weft- V. Indies. /^ - •:> ,.'--r'.::/u-v'\^ v .:,i. ;• • > >f- I. s IShouId conclude too abruptly, and leave thereport, \whichl pretend co make, of the wealth and riches of the New- world very imperfef): • if in creating of the fubjeA of metals, I Oiould forget thofe fa- mous and unparalled Mines at Pou^^iy in the Country of Pern. I colifefle the Spaniih wri. ters feem to me to be a little referved, and fpa* ring in their reports concerning the Gold- mines of ^nifrfV^, mentioning them onelyin the general!, and not particularizing much of them one way or other ; whither out of de- figne or no, I cannot fay : but of thefe filver* minei at Ftf^o-cf , they are wonderfully liberall and free, as if they meant to mike them the admiration and envie of all the world befide. And truly it is not altogether without caufe. For doubtlcfs they are one of the moft admin^ bie things and difcoveries of nature : a trdu (hit, which the Bountifull hand of Divine Pro- vidence« had from the beginning laid up there for { 'Uy' for if and f Andt of it 1 theTo • feemei ofitfc venue foever domin lently filled \ one gt thy an if it cot mies as tent rt knowr thelarj Hypert Ikeepe k(s of culty b thtnw men, t fpeake, the jud there, t for ihe Prfnces of the Catholiqiic Mo^ and for the defence of the Grown of Spain: , And chough it be only one mouritain or hilL of it Telf| with a little killock growing outac theTootofitiyetis it fo infiaicely rich^thstt ic feetnes to be all of (ilver, and would doubtlefs ofitfelfalone, be a fofficienc fupport and re« venue for any Prince in Chrifteodoihe whac-^ foever, that had ic by him at home in his owne dominions. Ic is but one Tree, yecfo excel- lently branched and laden, that all £iirr«^# ii'J filled wich the fruit of it. In a word ic is but one gcneralll Mine, yec fo admirably weal-' thy tnd good,thac the treifure ofitalonfi if it could be gotten^ would pay three fnch Ar- mies as theStiCe maintaines, and be a compe«/ cent iL venue for all publickoccafionsbefide. I^ know'myfober Reader will chink I fpeak with the largeft/ and that I ufe an huge liberty of Hyperbolizing in what I fay ; buc ic if not fo, I keepe within bounds, and chough I QRuft con- feis of my Telf, I doe not wichouc fome diifi^ ' calty beleeve whac I report; yet I fay no more ' chin what very grave Authors, wife and fober '^ men, that have feenthe place, and profefsco (jpeake,noc only of diem(elves,but accordi' g to ^^ the judgement and eftimation of men that live "^^ there» tud are well experienced in the Minet ,^, M^v T^'-^' . F . _ • . . . wilt /' i I .; i ^it -.. , '^ ,>.?_-.■ -v i^ will mkt good by their ceftimony. I (hall need to pame, ooely Acofta, who in his nacurall Hi- ftory of che InSis{Uh. 4. cap. 1 2.) eels us« 'cis the opinion of imderfl^anding men in chofe a- ffaires ^ thac theie are no lefs chan three hun- dred choafani QaintalU of metal reHned ac P^0«u every yeare; tod Lan in his difcripth npvi Orbh lib. i . cap. 4. tels me, that a Quin- tall is a roeafure, which with the Spaniards in Ammca cohcajncth <^e hundred twenty Hve pov^nd weight. Put thefe together, and the fiimcne will be thirty eighc MilKons, five hun-. dred choofand pound weight of (ilver melted ft Pnt^, yeerly* I fuppofe it will be faid, he Xs^mw of BuUion or raetall out of the Mine • whei^ (ilver, when it is refined,makes not the fipLvA p4rt» I grant boch| being willing to give fl) ^he advantage to moderate proportions ^1 1 can* Ba( Iqc us then fuppofe, that every pouQd weight of opiet^l out of the Mine, yeelds a 7f «#, or which is lefs, but five Shillings, of fiQ^jKlver (which I fuppofe no man will deny but it doth, one with another) and it will a- bomidaatly juftifie what I (ay, i/|^. thitifwe had it, it would pay three fuch Armies as the State mattitains» and affof d a competent reve- nue for all pubUck occafions befidc. For it a- mounts CO little left than tea iwllions of mo« •• 4 •' h^ ■# • "N • V A., tiey, m* to nine mUtiont tli^fce hundred and fifcy (honfand pound 1^ a:counC; iviiichun- dkr favour I humbly conceit is »n Income thrice as great as the State ezpendeth yeecly one way or other. And otherwife they con- fefa comoniy, thac the Kings innuali re- venue out of this only Mine (wfaiich is but the fifth part) is above a mtliiononeyeirwitha-^ nother. 2. Potozf taa Mountain in the country of Choreas, a Province ofPerte^ in the Southern pirt of America. It lieth about lixty or feven* cy teagiie^ dilbnt from the Somh-Sea, and t- bout twice fa many from the Atlanttcki oc Northern, ("of which we (hall fpeak more in due place) being of a foil, when the Mine was Hril dillovered, eztreamly dry, hard and rocky, and every way as unpleafant to the eye as might be; and To utterly barren, thacityeeU ded no kinde of commodbcy or fruit oolward- ly. And though it lie witkki the Tcopiques in the twenty firft degree of latitude, yet is the aire about it very cold, and the place in the monethsof7ififf,7ii/^,attd Jugufl, conAaoc- ly (howred with rain. ThecotouroftheSoH is for the meft part of t dark red, nd the whok fafhton of ckemoaicain {omcwbatre* fenhlm^ & pertUion or couod Teni| with a / / f t .■* r I n. ^.a-. -i^ ' ' t. . ff' \ (112 I point Alt rpening fttU upwards in the manner of a Sugir-loafe ; being in heighc from the pltin ground, about a quarter of a Spanifh league, and in the compafs at the bottom a full league or more ; and at the foot of it on the oneiide, there groweth out a kffer hill, which tii^lndhns C9L\\GuamaP^ozif which (ignifies the little otjottnger P§tozi, which hath veines of good mecal likewife, but firagUng here and there in divers parts of the mountain^ and not fixed^ or running in continued branches, as thofe of the great F^/c^f doe. It is a place of it felf, or to outward appearance, that would be thought altogether unhabitable by reafon of the unpleafantnefs and barrennefs of its out- fide: but its wealth within hath fo peopled it round about, that there is not any Town at the PFifl' Indies, of gtettct refort than it, nor bet- ter fnpplied tytth all forts of things, either for neceflity or delight, having Fle(h-meatof all forts, Fowle and Veniion in aboundanc6,vari- etie ofchoife Fruits, excellent Wines, with all kinde of conferves and other delicates befides. The dwellings of the Spaniards and Indians, who come thither onely for pleafure, or elb for the gain and trading of the Mines, are faid to extend two or three leagues in circuit round tbotttthe foot of the bill; the Mines whereof wen the inthl 3 the hum forc^ the fom( laid of a I ' > , 4i-^ -. ■ I were v^r^t'-';"?'- nanner )m the Spaniih n a full on the which ignifics ines of re and ind not hes, as )lace of would reafon ts out. >pled it 3 at the or bet- her for : of all :e,vari- vich all lefidei. idians, orelfii re raid round hereof were "' •i.'2'W::.-riT-:/iri^-' (2»5) were firft difcovered byapoore Indian aboot theyeare 1546, accidentally^afU might feem, 10 this manner. - 3 . A certain American of Chumtivilca, iii the Province of Cttfco, named Gualpa, was hunting i:hereabouts for venifon* and being forced to ufe his hands todimbe up a pare of the mountain that was rocky, and had fomefew budies growing upon it, by chance laid hold upon a little ihrub, which grew out of a veinofthefilver, and ftrained himfelfe fp much to get up, that he pulled qp the branch by the roots, perceiving in the hole or place where the root gfew> fome quantity of metsi ; which upon better vdwand fome experience he had of the Mines at Pcrco, not above (ijc leagues diftant from thence, he found to be very good : whereupon he began to look better about him , and found prefentiy fcatter'd up and down on thefurface oftheearih, feverall other pieces of the fame metall, but a little changed in colour, by reafon thry had lain o* pen (t long time perhaps) to the rain and wea- ther; which yet only upon carrying to Porco, he quickly found to be giod metal, and what t brave rprtune he had met with by his hun. ting. And for for^e time he managed his bu- finefs warily and happily, drawing (ilver coq. v4 Pj tinaally A. \k- ; and procuf es his ^c:¥^tG$tanca, to be enrol* led firil difcoverer of it, and together with him $m4ittakii the vm^ as they call it, that tt^ procures To mnch fend abotit the Min^ to bt marked out and altottttf, as the Law alloweth unco thoft that fi^ difco vtr a Mkie^ which ia fgmc fome to the it. Mine, the (i Tribu draw 4. four vered which firflil of the aLan andtl ing lit richni many They dred ing tl refti] moui land cQm< the \ hund 1 1 . V ■ etould >nipani. (hifc to tni fo ft Mine >much ^h ttid of the id cho- »hcex- i^re in chwas tmore ; and t, chat, 4iniard lie bu- laking id the ires to Mine, ^nrol* with ttC it) tobt weth kiifs fome ^- fotne certain yeard« round nbont the plot, an i to thofe chat will undertake to dig and feared it. By.thfi« means they become Lords of tte Mine, having liberty to dig and draw fdrth the filver as «their own^ ^ying the iSing his Tribute, which is the 6fth part of what they drawfortb. - r^; , ^,m i 4. There were prefently upon this thtds ot fourt)ther principal veins of the Mine difco- vered upon this Mountain* of Which, that which is called the rich one they report, that at^ firft it ran along in a ridge, above thefurface of the earth or plain ground, the full height of a Lance.three hundred foot together in length, and thirteen or fourteen foot broad, continu-^ ing likewife in th«s proportion of bounty and richnefi above fiftie or threefcore ftad?s , or fo many times the height of a fttn v rithin gromd^ They had digged by the yean 5 88. two hun- dred ftades deep into the^round, (UU follow^ ing the Mine ; which becaufe ft runs not di- refUy downward, but Hoping fotnewhat iii the mouiitain,they fuppofe k will be above a dioa- fand or twelve hundred Itades before they c^^meac the root of the Mine, orchefDOt 6£ the hili. Thi^ Mine yselded at the fidl one hundred ind fifty, or two liundred chouAnd fe^s ev|ry Viodi iMia the K^iftec of the >«rr ^ ^ , p 4 Con- C: .X ■ d^.t-- x^,^ ■■'! "v' ; N fy k\ 1 (%i6) Contradationhoufe, as they call ic, and the King, by the year above- faid, had received ouc 6f ic no lefs than a hundred milKons of piects of Aflay, that is, if I underftand my Author aright, fo many miilioni of fui hipieces as chty carrie to the Affay-mafter^ to be trycd and marked by him, when it is refined : wh h helps well to verifie what he faith in another place, that in the Fleet of the year 1587, in which jlcofia , came from the Indies , there came along with it eleven millions of Treafure, of which neer the one half belonged to the King. The labour in thefe Mines, as I intimated be- fore, is exceflively difficult and hard, the Aire they have very grofs, extreme cold and un- wholfome for any body not u(ed to it : they work night and day without ceaGng, only by 'Candl>lighc, without other knowledge or diftindion of day and night, iave what they gather by their workfor by their wearines, and de(ire to be U ttd. But that which feems 0io(l grievous of all is the labour and danger of cariyiog the metal out of the Mines ; which they doe thus. They have Ladders of three branches or rows, made of Neats bides , fo ftroogly cwifted in thongs, that it yeelds not 10 wood for (Irength or toughntfs, aind fuppo- ki (0 endure^be aire of the Mioei longer -..cj .^"^ '*' f a > " .-'^ .' /'than than tend isakt a Gal torei .fram: that, defcei weigl up^n in fu head, and c on h monlj carryi to tti ufeal whici infui hold (iooi than oral that then aifid had I iiM' ■-h I Kf- .iatf- is, ■f' ■*i Vl' ^V; v(%:f md the ed ouc ■ pieces Vuthor as they d and h helps • place, I which [ came ure, of I King, ted be- e Aire id un- : they nily by Ige or It chey Si and feeros langer which ' three f , fo dsnoc uppo- oDger than iM:A^ than wood would doe; thefe are commonly ten ftaden high, and at the foot of chem there is a ktnde of Scaffold or flage builc in form of a Gallery, with feats and other conveniences, to reft upon. The rows of the Ladders are fo framed together with wood.c*. ^t fuc h diftance, that> if occaiion be, they may boih mount and defcend together. Every man carries the weight of iifcy or threelcore pound of metal up in his back, tyed up in a Wallet or cloatb| in fuch manner caft over and faftened to his head, as he is fure enough for lofing.his charge, and cf : whoJe weight of the metal refteth up- on his (houlders behtnde. They mount com* monly three and three together, the fore- man carrymg the light, which is a candle (b fattened to the thumb of one of his hands, as he may ufeall the other part of his hind to hold by; which is more than needs. For many times, in fuch great altitude, goirg or coming, their hold flips, or by fome other mifchance., the poot Miners come to the ground fooner than^ they would, lofing their lives by the fall, oratleaft are fo maimed and broken with it, that many times death were better than life to them. This was at firft the manner of working apd laboring in the Mines at Potezi, till they had digged in fcveral veins above two hundred , ' ftadss J ■^rft- ■■ -• ft /,Xi <»**>;( ' <• i 3, ftatfef deeip within grouad : Since that Cimf I to remedte the inconveniences and trou- bk that came by carrying out the metal ac the Top of the Mine in fo great an height, they hare invented S^ccabms , as they call them, which are certain counter- Mines, as itwefe, wrought in from the fides or lower parts of the mountain, in a level line towards chat part of the mountain where the vein of the metal luns, and to which the Mine chat was begirn It the top is brought. By this means they enter the Mines now to work, and export the me- tal wich much more eafe^ and lefs danger than formerly, both at Vouzi and all other places generally, where there are Mines. Thefe S^c- €^nsy or crofs- Mines, are commonly about eight or ten foot in bredch , and fomewhat more tbiaa ftade in height ; vi^ich they keiep Ihitf: at feveralpLces wich dore$, for che fecu* rity of the pafl^ge. One of them, viz,, that which was madef to meet t\$e rich vein, as they call it, is faid to have been above twenty yeers in the digging and making ; containing well B^ three hundred yards in length, betore it ame at die vein of metal ; in all which way they were forced to make their paflkge and work through the hud and fUnty bowels of the mounttiD^ wich exceflive toyic andlabour | and ^' ■.^ *i-^» ■ andtl much charg( at for thitig inftru 5. we lea ciou«> florid riches leaftf Pearh make) a pre happe din, a newl] havini thing! good ry fail skil^ heasi Mfi| it wo edftn •' ,«. / ,^ ''^*^•';vu„ • . jd k ^ : .-.T i I "♦vi^'P^'vr ^"^i> -■(119) '■^,*^:rr , /, and the i^ctihmi of the other Mines coft not much lefs either of time or pains : So great charges, piini, and pertl^are inen concent to be at for a thing of naught ; for that which is no^ thitigelfe, for the moft part cotheoi, butM inftrumcnt of tronblcy vexation, and (in. > 5. Something muft be faid iikewife f before we leave this Tub jeA) of the Jemtnes and pre^ cious Stones, that are found at the Ntw fVorld, they being fo confiderable a part of th^ riches and wealth of it. Thefe are chiefly fat leaft for ought I yet perceive j fimralds and Peaf Is ; of which there is fo great plenty at the Wtfi- Indies^ diat the aboundance of them makes them the lefs eftcemed, verifying herein a pretty pafTsge of llorie, reported to havt happened betwixt a Spaniard of the frtfi-In^ din, and an Italian in Italy. The Spaniard was newly come from Ammca richly fraighted, having brought over with him, imongft other things of value, a great quantity of fair ami goodly Emralds • whereof fliewing one fa ve<« ry fair ftone J to the Italtan, who he knew had skills and ttfed to deale in fuch commodities^ he asked whac it was woith ^ Tiie ItaliaUi up^^ 60 (ighc of it, anrwered ronndly, he thott^t it worth one hundred 1>ickcts^ Being (fa^^ ed tmthtt of mote exqtnfitt tuftre knd fbrm^ r '*' V- . , he ■»■'* .»)» / , r-:.».x:.i>j. . I .,/ ^'/'- • I % \-v ( 210) he prized ic at three hundred : Whereupon die Spaniard , having good (lore of thenu and tickled with hopes of extraordinary gain by them, would needs carrie the Merchant home to his lodging, and (hewed him a casket full of them. The Italian feeing fuch a quantity of them together, Sir, faid he, If you have fuch ftore, I will give you crowns apiece for them, ind they will not be worth much more either Co you or me : intimatit^g thereby, that (tones tre chiefly eftimated according to the raritie and fcarfnefs of them : which was very true, though it grieved the Spaniard not a little. The Emrald, according to the report ofP/hj, if it be a right and perfeftftone ofthukinde, is the moft pleafan^ and dellghtfome Jem to the eye that is, of an exquifite. verdure or green colour ; yea, they fay, ic is not only agre- abie and |>learechthe(ighc very much, but that icattraftsitalfowith a ftrange kinde ofeffi- €acie,ro as a man feems not fatisAed with look- ing upon it, but defires to view ic (till more and more ; that ic fortifieth the facultie vi. five, and reftoreth ic when ic is dim and de- cayed by overmuch atcent looking upon any thing 3 and therefore Lapidaries, and men that cut or engrave fine (tones, have ufually fome of them lying by themi only to^ refire(hand iii revive ^.N .■M^Mm^i (ill) ;'V •r'«-^"'"1»- •*'/*5'^''?' revive their iighc , when they perceive it fait them, or grow weak at any ttok. To which end, vU* the better to pleafe and affeft the fight, they ara (hap'd or cut, for the moft pare with fome hoiiowneff in thcm^ whereby the vifual rajes, as they are called, being united and ftrengchened one with another, doc give the greater luftre. They are faid to appear both fairer and bigger at a diftance, nor doe they change or abate their luftrei either for Sun, fliade, candle-light, or t>therwife, ai moftof the other fortsof Jemmesurnally doe, more orlefs : and as they are commonly of the big- nefsf fo are they not much under the value of a Diamond, if they be of the bed and perfeft fort of Emrald$:Forallarenotruch. There are fome of fo exqui(ite and admirable luftre, as nothing can be deiired more ; in others the green is more dark and dowded \ and laftly, fome are fpotted ; but thofe arc commonly held to be counterfeit. Thofe which die for- tunate Corf f«, after the conqueft of Mexico, prefented to his new Spoufei the Lady Jane ZHnigat were extraordinary, and thought to be the rareft in the World. They were five of them, of mod exauiiite colour and perfection; andoffttchbigneu, that they were wrought into feveral figures and (hapes of things : vUi one /' . • ■ ■ "ii tfi*'-.. i- ( >*> } one in the faffaiaa of t Coroiiee , or link down ; aaochcr of » Rofe, hit ind grear ; the third wai tike to a Ft(h| with the eye$^f Sotd» cooticed an admirable piece of Indian V woik ; the fourth was wrought in the fashion pf% BeU, having for its clapper • ^reat and I tdi pearl , engraven round about, with thii Motto, SeaBendba^fii iecriavat, in Englifti, Jfhjf^d u he that cnated phet; the fifth was like a Cup, with the foot and hrioi of gold > and four little chains ofgaid» ailjoyaingto* gether at the top or cover of ti|iii a great pearl *Xh faid that the Merchants ^Gfnur^offerrd 00 left fomtne tbaa 40000. I>tt€k€Cs for one of them, which they woold have prefenred to the great Tvrk ; bat were refiifed: And though 1 confeft there he foiseof aiiach greater bignei's mentioned in Fti^jn, yet doubckfs ihefe were very fare floneabotb for bigneft^workmanfliip, wdpeipfeAioDJ. They grow ufually in other (tones like to Chryftal, and the greanrft plenty of them it in the new Kingdon^i of GroHoda, and in the Province of Zep^us^ and cfpecitUy about the Qtties of Manfa mi Port Vuii; where thece k% whole Country^ or little Pro- vince, which they CMMd^loiEjmnldM, or M# IfSitd rf Em4ldt » from the aboundance of tiico> that arc (uppoibd co be tfaqre^ and which the t>^i^ '^'f^'SS^V the Spaniardbhad «ot yetToiNlQed, wkn my Author wrote : atod ihey ftnd urutlty cbre^or four hundred weight of this kinde of Jemmes only into Sfain, one ycer with another. 6. Of Pearls^ whkh anciently were counted thd only Jemme, both for price and excellency^ and foch as Princes only, and perfods of fery noble quality ufed, there is fuch plenty of them ac the new World, that the very Negro Ser* vants,or She (laves, are faid to weare Chiistf and Bracelets of thero. Thefegrow ki Oyfter^ or a certain (helF^ much refembling Oy« fters, and bearing that name; andjrefecchc' ' up from the- bottom of the Sea by the poor Indians that are forced to dive for them. 'Tis true, the Indians, through neceffity and ctt^ ftome, are become wonderfully apt and ready ac this work, even almoft beyond beleef '?• They will defcend commonly ten or twenty fathom deep into the water, and [ftay there an houit, or the better part of an houre, plucking die (hel- fifties fcom the hard Rocks, or fearchuq; for thera in the gravelly comers and chiokf under water, till they bave tilled th? fitfchcb or haggs which they carried down witK cWm • or that want of breath enforceth them to come up. Howbeit if the Sea be very dccp^ or not calfi^i they iinde niuch difficakie 10 .=^ :< '■ '■' > ;• v^i^'^^-atJ >■ /^^ .-^ ,. ^ f • -i • /'■ ■ > « »« notht mk in ^gatn in j ' ' • > ii *art. * ,' V .^ AMERICA I f The fccond Part. I Containing ^ The Topographicall S defcription of the fcveral ^ Provinces, both of *^y the Northern and ,^ Southern pirt: !^'m'*'M ■^% y yf With fome other OhferVations ^ m m >« * ^ ^ « « incident thereunto S'4!». b.t By N. N, r-i I - >', » • • * Printed by %j H^dgkinfinm for £» Z>#i/. u. •»► *.*.,. IWM MHniirwi«i«« pMMfW^IMMMlll 'MMtim&i mt!r-»m .*4>i. ; kM: \^ t.'^j' ^'. If' * ■*• _ •',:;. Vr ¥' : ':f i* .,i. ..fi^.'-i i(>» ^ ik-s^ f S; ■.*' '?: ■ ■>**■ ■"■ ■ •■*'4'-'. 5 '.*• ;^ '>/^;<-.]»i -%i T 1 ^IJ'"^ r Tl X- ■I'l' .:>'ii.'i. bnG;}:)i-.iii '■■^Tilu'j..; * ^~: 7^H* u vV ". ■ ' I' « 1 jo uaOQ ^ ^'):>^ I 4 •ir:5!itTOi/'' • , M H 1 ^^'^tJ «l r >»•'*• ;^ IV^V'^A •* f * t •t\ Vv 'in. \ {' ^ v^^ V .i» vc ». 1 f ,1,1 ■i- 4 » * y fl (f . -....rf„ .^-,*- ,*.•-.. ik^tV .H. *Jt:>'i 'Vv>?.i\'i<5A"')V.i .rv V. *-■ V» J 4 <■ ^! ^jm'.^"^*' D^^ %1* ^.t'iWirrK'^.'^Tm'i'^'^.^r:^-^^! .* » - ,." .' t 4 'A Of, I, ' 5 »? '/^^ roui the by c whei froi bet' and tt ^q M '%.,» C2' ■ ^^ r4rit^U.-. ■ Chap., ■ L Wil-^Ir T 1- ■ - ■ ■ Of the generaU iivifion ofthk NCW World into Continent and Iflanit • 4ni of fh0 t^o parts of the Contimnt i vij,. the Nor-' thern and the Southern. ; :j ^^.,a v-.^ Merica,ot the iVr » f^irW (as we have faid before) if it felf mod generally thoughc CO be bat an Ifland (thoagb a very -v^^^*^!^-' ' huge one) and CO be fiir- roundedl on all parts by the Sea : not only on the Eafl:, Weft, and Souch,|as is already fonnd by experience j but alio towards the North* where it is likewife fappofed to be dividea from the Continent of 4^4,by the Sea running between. Neverthelefs for dtftin^ton &ke^ and by realbn it is of fuch a vaft extent, u that it equalleth and far exceedeth any other pare #4.. ; ■ ' / '^' ' ■■ 0,3 .. of i '*it, tT ^1 _ -_ jjk* . ■ :li^h '^- mdA wm ^H«p or nedc of Land, which they bM Hhttinit ^fjD4rii9ti^in^ alinoft under tiM El^bidftial Line, in fome few degrees of MiftMnrlaiicudf : which runneth in length fifOfif tht diftki^ of Pamma, ai they call ir^ mli^Nmkti deDioj to the Somh^lvardr Ao^t MllMdfidtoiltii oti[ior6)tmtiiibi€dti|from Bifio Weft^or (torn the (lorchco the South ^^^^ r L-P , - . Sea, :■ r%' r- lountr to 1 bvthe d, or whifh (res, in rn CO :er, the efrom or that at the y taken f. That frica, is Hch are if) envi- f in the er by a idithey I: under ^eesof length Cfllir^ , Aovit thfrom e South . Sea, (151 1 Set, if QOttiing anfwerable ; being in fome pla- ces not above feventeen or eighteen miks oven = Thefe two Pemnfulas are generally counted the Northern and Southern f^tts of America ; fo called from thei^ fituation, in refpcA of the Equator : the one of them ]y\ng wholly Northward of the Equinediall Line, And the other, ai ieaO forthe greatefl: part of it, South* ward. They contained anciently (beiide many huge and vaft Provinces , governed , for the m^ part, by Royceletts , or certain pettie Pfincer in each refpeftive Province or Teni- torie^ whom they called Cafi^ufs) tyvo great and migfacie Kingdoms ; the one ofCufioy f e- nerally called the Kingdom of Peru* in the Southern part ; and the other of Mexicdt now ailed new Spain, in the Northern ;; of both which) and likewife of the maimer 0^ the firft conquering tndfubduing of thereby die Spa- niordu, when tiaie was, fomethingftuilibefaid in due place. ^ ^ S - > ^ '" 2. Th^Mexicao, or Northern part of ^ii^f^ rica, cootaincth thefe feverftl Provinces, vii. I. Eftet Handy 2. Canada, or ^1^ P ranee % f. Virgma^ 4. FUrida, 5. Calif§rmia, d. Ne^' Ga/licia, y. Ne^ Spah, or Mexkana properlyP fo called; and laHiy 8.(7iMif0M/4, toeethec with fome other lefler Iflands, fo ncerij^ ad- ^ij{ joyning ' . if. I .^£ \ 'K mm tmmmm 'yfm.nmimmmmt»«t. '-.>■> ->: ' m ' •»■■'#■ Joyningto the Continent, that they are ufQaliy^^ Reckoned for part of it, by tho(e which de- Tcribe the Countrit ; and therefore (hall be mentioned ia their feveral places accordingly, vi^. as parts of the refpeAive Provinces upon which they lye. The Peruvian, or Southern, ,parc containeth thefe whi^h follow, vi^. 1 . Cafieffa del oro, as the Spaniards call it, or golden Cafliki 2, Nova Gratiada, i. Per tit 4. Chile y 5. Paragnaji 6. Brajil, 7. Guiana, and laftly Paria, or new Andalufta^ as (ome call it. The Iflinds which lye further off from the main Land, but yet reckoned commonly for part of the Ne^ fVorld, by reafon they were difcovered, as hath been faid, and for the greater part conquered and fubdoed with ic, are chiefly thofe called i. Los LadroneSy 1. the iQinds of Salomon, which lye in the South Sea: and in the Northern, i. the C^ri^^^ Ijlands,, 2. iff. ^ohnde Port'Hca, ^. Hi^aniola^ 4. p<«- mAica.tnd 5. Cfii^a\ of all which in their order, according to the method of the lateft, and, asl prcfume,the exacted Cofmographers, vi^. of our learned Countriman Dr. Heyljn, and . '*hU Author Laet : upon whom I mull profefs to reft very much in this pare of my report, efpccially as to the ilte and pofition of Placcis. Chap. faally h de- rail be iingly, supon ithern, 11 k, oc .Perti, Guiana, as (ome )fFfroin Timonly fon they d for the I with ic, i, 2. the mrhSca: Jflands, , , 4 f^' eir order, tcft, and, hers, viz* ejljn, and lit profefa ny report, )f Places. ■!>• ?■ > J* -A >^ i. V «'/«J!-t^'.f ."V' *. 0/ Eftottland , and the feveral Provinces ': Vfhich it containeth. ; * v . . ■i. :>-t'>:.;iT: V^^'?.-J(.|i' .?■>*;; ^ I . T^ He firft Province of the Continent IL of America towards the North , is called EfiotiUnd ; for what ceaCon I inuft plainly confefs, I cannot fo cleerly difcovcr ; unlets perhaps our Neighbours the Duch happened to have the firft naming of it, and that it beareth anyfignification^ofitsEafterly lying in refpeft of the other Provinces. Ic containeth all thofe Regions of the Mexican or Northern part of America, which lye fur- theft toward the North Eaft : on which fide, as liktwife more direftly Eaftward, it is waiTi- ed all along with the main Ocean, or North- Sea ; having on the South Canada , or wVt^ trance : Weftward, and totheNorth -weft, it is not yet fully difcovered : but fuppofed either to be joy ned to fome ptttsofTartarj^ or (which I think is the more common con- jefturej to be divided from it by the Sea : which forne prefuming it to be bqt a narrow Ses, call the Streits ofAnian, from a Province or part of the Afiatique Tartar j,vi\iK)x bcarerh •fen-^ ■■;'-^-. ^ • -/' V that •-♦; '"V •.ft-'!,v, 7^. ,, ^iJr>:/'^.>>^.^n.'J .'m ■pMmnvi ti^mm MIMiMM jp: "■X .^■• ■M 4> that name, and lyeth upon it. On the North it hath a Bay, or large Inlet of the Sea, which, the Englifli c^l Hudfins Stnites from Capt. Hemj Hudfon an Engliflxnan , who m the yeaire i6io is faid to have fiuled in thit Sea no , lefs Chen three hundred leagues Weftward, in ftarch of a paiTage that way to the Kingdomes 0fCatha and China ; of which we have fpoken skeady, and which was fo much endeavoured in thofe timc^both by our felves and our neigh- bours the Duch : but without fucccfs hkher- to. The whole Province containcth rhefe par- ticular Countries, if I may fo call them, or Prefe£^fliips, as fome others doe, viz.. FirR, £- fiotiUnd more properly fo called. Secondly, Terra {orterialii. Thirdly, t^ew- found land^ and Fourthly certain Iflands neer adjoyning CO the Continent , which they call Bacca- leas. -■ ^ ' :,.'---.; 2. Eftotiland fpecially fo called, is the moH: Nordierly region oitW America cowards the Eafi^, lying betwixt the abovefaS HudfonM Sreigbth which it hath on the 2{orth , and Terra CerteriaUeotk the Soteth. The foil of the country is &id to be reafonably good^ and well ftored with natutaJf Commodities^ I Rieaa, fuch a* are of necelltty and maybeexpefted iitiAicb a coM norther^ quarter, as Flei^i, fowl, and Nati that goni but ] leaft thec( (owi little Qreef thou( them, letter ..,,.- „. ■fr^^ mi) and good ftore of Fifli in the Sea. Amoi^g the Natives of the country there, and feme Savage that live wild op and down in the Woods, and go naked, not wichftanding the cxtream cold : but for the moft part, they are fuppofedac leaft to be ftiore civill. The firfl; difcoverers of the country reporting of them, that they both fow corn, brew Beer and Ale, nfe Canoas or little Boats ac Sea, by which they trade with greenlanii Freezland, and other parts at one thoufand of five hundred miles diftance fr )m them. They are (aid likwife to have (pme ufe of letters, but of a Chara6lei: proper only to their own Nation, and not underllood by any o- other people befide therofeives. Yea they talk likewife, as if they had feme knowledge of the Latin tongue ; and of certain Latin books in a Library of one of the Kings of the Country : wherein, if there be any thing of truth; (as I hold it riot altogether impoflible) 'tis likely, forae people from the more Northerly parts of Europe ^ that underftood^he Latin tongue, might in times paO: be cad on ihore, c Cnfftt Shipwrack upon chofe Coaftsj where being conftrained to live and abide, they nr; Ight leave fome booksi and other monuments of the Lan* guage behind them in the Country after their ieceafe. However ijt be, thisfeems morecer- ^ tain. ■^%- %i .V 4 PPIii|PP>*MP*ll«NM^MMMai«««ili*HnMB^^ i ^«»l*«»w««w«s*!»«l«J^>■ /- tkin, by the report and experience of fome English , that the people are generally he^e found to be more ingenious, to have better judgement in things, and to be niuch more skilfull in divers Mechanicall arts, then ufuaUy in thefe other parts oi America they were at Hrft. Among other things they were obferved to ufe a kinde of Dart, or fliort Ja- velin, pointed with bright fteei and very ilitrp : which being a kinde of Weapon nfedonlyby the people of Java^ and fome other of the Iflands of rhe Eafi Indies^ it is conje£lored, that they have commerce one with another : which feemc :;ot altogether improbable. But IS for the Towns, Citties and g^eat Caftles a- mong them, which fome fpeakof, and of the Temples, wherein they facrificed men, (though that be an ancient and general! cuftome among the Americans, and thofeof this Country bar- barous enough to doe it J yet the Reader per- haps will be willing to fuipend his beleefe a while: as Itkcwife he will, for the fuppofed Mines of g'>lJ and filver there: of which (at lead as it may fcem) :he Northerly tcituation of the Country doth not well permit os to have fuch ftrong prefumption. Of Brafs and Iron, 'cis likely enough there may be good ItoK, if the Country were fcarcbed. But ai yet yet til ningtl pcrfcf thatw Head- and th t/i^. C fins 4I Forela with d Wofttm mouth ind dii Bay, c dividia Northt call the feen in that ar .'t '■f: fome y heire better , more , then 7a they :ywere iott Ja- j (htrp : only by of the (Sored, nother : le. But allies a- ndofthe (though le among ntry bar- ader per- beleefe a fuppofed vhich (at Dcituation nit us to Brafs and ^ be good 1. But as yet ( 137 ) -,.^.3 «;.-., . .^•. "'■A?' yet the knowledge thereof, efpeciaify concern ning the more Inland parts ; remains very im- perteft. Some Englifh Adventurers pading that way, have left names to certain Capes or Head- lands upon the Northern Coafis of it, and that is all : the chief of which are thefe, < 'vi^. Cape Eli:^4teth at the entrance into Hnd^ fins Streights Northward. Prince Henriis Foreland. Cape Charles. Kings Foreland with with divers others, more to the South. Cape fVofiinholme and Digges his Ifland about the mouth of the Streight ; where it opens it felf and difembogues into a large and capacious Bay, called (as abovefaid) Hstdfim Bay, and dividing thefe uttermoft Provinces of the Northern Amtrica into two parts, which fome call the Eafterc and Weftern point ; as may be feen in the Maps. The^ople of the Country, that are any thing civilized, cloath themfelves commonly with BeaRs skins, and with the skins of the $ea- calves otberwife called ^ar« fes; which are a kinde ofFifhofan Amphibi-* •us nsitur^ much abounding in thofe Nor* them Seas, of the bignefs of a young Heifer, or Bullock of two yeares old^ which they hunt and take in great numbers, efpeciall where the Whale-fifhing is not fo good $ and draw t (Md quantity of oilc from them, which they . r \:> «<|>W.»»*»«I*>'OT*. ^> ciU Tr^n^oile^ as ctey doe from the While. The ilefli of them is counted reafonahle good meat, of a tafte Tome what like Pofke : ai^ oa each (ide of their upper Jaw there groweth out a^loogtoothj or Tusk, crooked aiftd hen- (img downward, not uoliketothatofaiiEle^ phauc, each of diem a Cubic loiijg focnetiflics and more, of a fubftance white and veiy hard Hke Ivory ; for which it commonly paffeth. And it were well, if the deceit reded there, and went no farther. For as it feems, there are fome that vend it for Ui^tcorns hom aiid attri- bute I know not what ftrange and foveretgn vertues to it. An Egregious im^eAur e, of which the learned Doftor Brovm ^th tikewil^ (as his manner is^acutdy and kindly admoniAi us. lib. 3* chaf. 23. of his PfudoJitx Efuhmk, above mentioned, ^v^- - ^-^'^ .■h^^^\'^^'^ • ? t»* Tnra CcrMrUlu \% a Pi^\4nce, or Country of this Nosehern part of :/J^^«f 4, ly- ing Southward eff Efiirilant!, and ^(er(hwtr4l of NiX^'FrdneiOt^andJa, bdrtg Jfo naoied frofta G4fMrCQrmidtii% PortUghefbOehek- man, who in the yeate i$o6' tit there^ iboitts firft dilcovered tbefe partt,'imd gav« name to the Country ; but did MtlitaMi be- fide. For returimg the Hilt yeate ifter, virteh intention to make« furdicr difctuvryi 'lia'fiip- pofed |«V# pofed he WIS (faipwackft anddcown'd atS^ together with his comptny ; efwhom, asOjfi- rim in faishiftory of P^tugaB, wkne^eth ne« ver tny returned or were heaid of: and the Uke misforctine befell his Brother Michael C^ruri- ^/^tfaenestyeareafiseri who feuingoattwo Ships to fearch and enquire of^ concemii^ijie fofcunes of his Brother Gaff or ^ periflied lifce^ wife in hisdelign, being himfelf loft and all his men : upon which difatfters the Porcaghefes ^uice give over the Country, and the French fucceed them, naming the Country New Br$^ tainy in reference CO Bret ain in Fraftcej which itfeemesi was their native Country. This wis abontthe year 1504. The foil of this Country is very lufty and good, for all forts of gnun g^- nerally, and yeelds a great advantage to the Husbandman, but not without good pains ta- king in the tillage and managuig of it : For which reafon it is called byfome?>ir4 MU' bradtr, or the land that requires Labottiecs ; in atluflon perhaps to T^rra M lavsra, or the Country of Campaniaxn Italy, fo caUediisoni a like property. The people of the Country,.of themfelves barbarous and favige enough, iic fasd to be cHrllized and bettered in their jDao* ners by the converfation of the French. They live much upon Fi(K are excellent ArcfaoM, extremely 'f. ^■^ ^ ■* W iii i iiii ii i iMi ii i i i i ii ii i ii ni ■;7^y,r V jealous of their Wives, and dwell for the mod part in Caves under ground ; beeing alfo much given to Soothfaying & Divining- further than which they feem not to have much knowledge, or fence of any thing that concerns religion. The Country was firfl; ofalldifcovered by Sir SebaftUn Catot, at the cturges of Htnery the feventh. King of England, as htth been faid ; but it was only difcovered, and the delign laid wholly aiide , by reafon of fome domeftick troubles, and a Warre which the King then had with the Scots : whereupon the After- comers tooke leave to enter. The Towns or places, which the French have built fince,are cheifly, i« BrTft^ 2. St. Marie y and 3. Caho MarzOf as they call it • of which there is little more to beftid. " j-^ * bt ,* » 4. Terra Nova , or Ne^- found Ufji^ the third part of this Northerly Province of Ame- rica^ is a great Iflind, lying on the South of Corterialh, from which it is divided by a Frith, or narrow Sea, which the French call Golfde Chdftieux. This place is chiefly frequented for fiOiing ; of which there is fuch plenty all along the Coafts of this Ifland, and likewife of Terra Cartirialit adjoyning to it , that the huge Shotles of Cod-fi(h doe fometimes flay their Ships under fail ; befidei great ilore of other ;' vmV: . * fifh, moft much rthan ledge, iigion. by Sic fry the n faid ; gn lai~ltf»»v^-, >t 2) t houliei tre only certaiiitoflgPolcs,.fettne&d flopiog upwards wvmdt the cop, wher^ they fie ftAeoed together^ ai^d covered down- wtrds wl^h the skins of Beads, having in the tnid'ft their hearcb^or place tc make (ire upon. But that which is mod remarkable about this Iflaivl, is the many and fair Havens which ic affcMrdeth pn all (ides foe Oiipping : in whhh refpeA it. is thought i for the bigneis , (c arfely tof>e paraUeld by any other Ifland or Place in the World : not indeed beamified with @.ny great Towns« or fiately building?, asfomeare:, but aflfording camii:7odioix$ and fecure ftacion for rhe talleft (hfp? that come before it ; the chief wbereo/ ar s tb^fa i i.La lUignatfe^ of S.$nmf4, atit is called) fix leagues Northward of the Cafi Raje^ which lyeth at the Sonth- Jbift angle of the Ifland ; a place much re- forted unto for fiihingi from all parts. 2.JP0r« tHifmm^, or the fair Haven , three miles Northward of the other ; capable of great fiiips> and bearing at leaft four or five miles wkUn l4Uid, or more. 3. TlmvA^^ alted otherwife by the t^ortt^efes EnftiuUgrandf, or the great Bay, for diAiadion fake. • 4. Trir nUy Bi^t on the North of the Cape ir« Jmif- CAT, called by the Spaniafds Bma i% U a^nctf* tim. Thii sa likewsfe a very large Ind eapa- /i , iioui -^.■• 'M%-:^ tion< 5. Capi or ml Lan( Sea, mil orfi^ moi ^ri /.' 1- r neiid Cthey lown- i in the upon, at thts rhich ic fcarfely Pliceiti e ftattoti e it ; the ntuftM irthwutd ic South- nuch te- tec mtU* ; of gf cat five mites ilndctpa- ^ tiotts o F ciou^ Biyt]fiyefnik59ver, vrficrt kis ntr rt>wu «ft,btvin£ dtvetle grMC^Rtvers fiUing jnio it, and foia« iitck Iflandje Jjrtng fcaiceitesly up and dowt) in ic, yet fafe, and r imontory of St.f^. On the ^itthfide of the Ifland, and Weftward of C4pe Raya^ there is, i . Pi^t Trrjpafez, an excellent and fecure Harbour, 4iaviiig aiwaies a roafon^Ue deep Sea, wiehout Aiillows or Rocks. 2. Part St. MMricy Cix Mgues diftant from it. $ .Pm PreftnzaJ^y odhers caiied Pl^pen^^t on iht other fide of Cape St. Marie ^ toi^ards the Weft. 4, P^rt dft "Bafquts, or the Biftaynera Haven - and Uft'y on the Weft fide of tha Illand, afc<;r you have doubled Cap &^e, , there is at Gecrges B^j, all of ibem fecuteila« tions, large and of greatt refert. .. ?^©i ^ M^i 5. Before this lilind , rigte over ^gainft Capt RejAt. a diftanoe of twenty four leagues or more, theie lyeth an huge Ba4( or ridge of Land, eitending it felf in ien^h, otttwthe Sea, fomt hundred of kagues, if my Aathar miftake hoc ; ^ bint in breddi not abova ^om or five and twenty, when it isbroadtft : «f^ inothfc pacts OMich kft, (harpning towards ::^l R 2 each - ^■ ■J., v.ifc*'-* ..- _ V •'ir: i,i.4«|MIWtkM4A«<.M& I ' 'V, lt44) each end ioco li Coniif ^iix^narrow ^int. It is (oanced one of the Marveils of the Sea ; which round about it, at fome diftance, is very deep, and hardly to be founded, efpecially betwisc the Banket (fot fo they commonly call it) and Cape Raj J but drawing neerer it grows by degrees more and more Ckallow ; infoinuch chat nigh the Land, there is not much more water than is neceflary for the (hips riding. Ic runneth out in length , as was faid , from North to South, from fourcy one deg;rees of latitude to (ifcie two; and round about it there lye fcattered a multitude of leflferlflands; which Sit Sebafiian Catot, when hefirftdif- covered the place called by one common name Los Baccaleos^ or the Iflands of G)d-fi(h, from the great qufantity of that fort of fiih hee there found : ^hich was fuch, that they hindred the paflage of his (hips, and lay in fuch multitudes upon the Coafts, that the very Bears would come and catch them in their claws, and draw them to Land. This place, liay^ with the reft was firft difcovered by Sir Sebafiian Cabet, upon the Englilh account ; howbeit the matter happened to be lay'd afide upon the aforefaid occafions * till in King JHenerj the eight his time, it was revived again by Tmn and £ihi, two Merchants ofBrifioU, . t V ''" > l. . / v'h *^"';.- W but witlu>atfiicct&^: after whkh the Portii^ ghefes, French, ani other Nacioos, refortto it and change the names which the firfl: difco- ^ verers had given to the Bayes and Capies thereabouts. But the Englt(h not relinquiih^ ing their pretenfions ofprimierdifcoveryand reifin, about the yeer 1 5 8 3 Sir Humfiy Gilber$ took poiTeflion of it again , in the name of QQtttiElUabeth, and prohibited all Nations the liberty of ii(hing there, without the Queen of Englands leave. But he being unhappily wracked in his coming home, the bufinefs vvas agaic, difcontinued for a time , t/i«. till the year 1 608, when it was undertaken a new by ^tfiS^Crjtr/, another Merchant of Briftoll^ apd with fo good fuccefs, that the Colony in a* {hort time were well furniftied with Wheats Rye, Barley, and other grain of their own (owing, with Turnips, Coleworts, and aboun- dance of other neceflfary things, not without fome probable hopes ofMetals, a certain and plentifuil tradeof Sables, Musk, and other rich Commodities, and fuch excellent good fi(h- ing, efpecially for Codfifli and Ling, that 'tis fatd fome Engli(h-men doe ordinarily take two or three hundred oftheminthefpaceof three or four hou res ; which from thence they R 3 V conveigh, '^m- .;,>t.A -.a.,- '*. \- ^^ u'Si. !j",/ ' I mmmmmmmm :-'%wi'*' ■ "■ -Jif N''. > ' M ' I ' t '*■ - ■,- . I'^'l, .)''■% 6Sr CtiMida iy^ f j^r Citintries htongjin^ fi , •' .' it, ■'. ' j. f ^^-kJK^ ■' -'i/* * *■ ^.'i.''!' ■.■f.,r '.=; . ... :s ^^1:^^^ Amda, or Nt^ France, isalaige Iff \*^ Province of this Northern ptrcof ISMerka , bounded Northward with Terra Corterialu abovefiid, and on the South wbth ihae part of KirgiW which is called NeHf Eng- land : 05 the Eaft ic it waflied with the Ocean orNosfchScaj the Wcftcm borders of ir be- ii^ not yet fiiHf difcovcred or known. It hath itf tiafltte from the River Canoik, which wa- ta^ the whole Province, running through the mideft of it, ami is counted oneof the fair- €(l and ^reared Rtviera of America • where yet kk fitpppofed there ^te the faireft and greateft ctfill the World bcfide. It h^h its head or f)yriii^ln thofe undifcovered parti of this Nor- mMj^tit(5t| vHii^ remain yet urifaiown ; and runt gtnejtally wttn a large and vtoTent ftream^, h^k^ kk it mlfiy Catartetei or ftjlf.of the _ Water, H ■:.k,'-' .-V* ^. ^~. i;t--^' - iHT) Water, is it wete, frtfn fdffle Rocki lying in the cbiniiQls which reodeirs r^e pillage of it up die ftfeam OLtteindf difficult, and down- wtrdd no tefs damgerdas. In fome places it ffvelis and fpretds it ftif dut into large and huge Lakes, co^iicamihg, foffie of them , one hundred inites in coiDpalSi and having diverfe Imall Iflandi^ fcactered up and down itithem : after which it is prefently again reduced iota a narrower chflfnnel, of a league or twoteaguei broad generally.. Thus ie runneth turning and winding ud and down the Country, as^cia fttppdTdt, H)me hundred 6^ leigaes ftom itf hoidfprkig; tUl at ta^liaving received into its channel many fedfcHr Rivers ^ th^ Countrie, it empties it felf into a greic Bay^ which tAey calhhe Bay of St. Lameme fbeinf at thein^OfhiK) Tefs^tMil^^irty efpecially in Win«^| ter, blows very cold therCi ind brings aboun-n dance of Snow with it. The Ipounttie hath very muc^h wood ; but ottierwife of a Soite not! unapt for Gorne, efpecially Pulfe, aiid fuck likc^ grain ; of which it affordcth extraordina-^ riejncreafe. But the peculisMT Commodity o| the Couqtrie feems to be their Chains o| Effirgnuji as they call ity which foroefayis^ only a kinde of (hel-fifli of exceeding wh!tt%f colour I yet found tp be of foveii^aign verti|§ for the ftancbjf g of blocni : in which refpCK^ th^ymake bp(h Beads and Bracelets of iheoi^ and not only ufethem^ but rend them alfo asa . ^ ,; ; (phicf .< ':.::mimi .A >^^^ ■^- I t "^ • .^ .:$. '^ •AJM:!: ^lf ^m ^ M i «Ui ,mm i i4 », m<,^ '^n^^T^Sg^ll^Tr ' V ■ * 'J" 1 ( » t diief Commodiifo i thoi^ otbers^ itf Zm, oatiOf the Camoaencarie^ of the Ff^ikh- men tleaifeLves, fesm to report othef wMe^ aad to MSaibt the ufe mA makkig off Mfmpinf only Sfi piece of foperftttion among the Stvigef, abottC fome deta men. The People, when the French came firft among them, weve altoge* ther mde and barbarous, as the moft part of then continue ftitl ; living generally withooc lion&s Off any certain places of abode ; goe na- kerf, fave only that they have a little piece of fonse Bearfb skib bound about their middle. Tbofe abdue the Sea coafti live unoft upon filhing ; which they pra^tfe in certain light bcHies^ which ae night they are able to draw to limd , without much help ; and but cwming the b#ttom upward, they ferve them fbr an houfe tofleep in. The Countrie afFords good plenty of Mm in many places, but it is find to be the Woment work both to di gge the ground and fow ft ; the Men giving therofetves to na kinde of labour, but only of hunting «idii(liing. Among many other bad r.'nough, dieytre fatd to have one vile cuftome among diem» which is, that theyoung Maidens , when they are fourteen or fifteen yeers old, have leave tp proftitute themlelves to all Comers ; and that they marrie not urually, till they have V^ V . thus "Y tfiiusMfi|ed^el»nif€tycs w itfi promt&iiotti fiift for Che ({>sce of 4 Of 5 yeers together : after which , notwithfttfijiitig rbey take husbandi^ and prove fo extt etneJjp biding and conftnt (if a roan coald lieleeve it) chat th^ nevtt roarrie twice » but after their rude maooer mourn for their Husbands all their life tog. They have fome few Towds ; thft diief whereof are thefe, 9i«. i. Hcchelagd^ ftidto be the feat and rtfiitence of a King cif this Countrie, which at leaft foae oftheNacivef acknowledge, and eiceednigty reverence, car* rytng him fometimes in great pomp upon cbeic fhoulders,fittiRg upon a Carpet of Beafit skints This Town > if there be any focfa (for it mufi be confeCTed, the repotts concerning it arenoc fo certain) is fituete far wicbici Land, at t di» ftinceofilx or feaven leigues from the River Cansda ; and is a kitide of fortified ptace^ encompaflcd about with a cbcee^fold courfe of Timber- ramparts on« withia aaother, of about two Rodi high from the ground, witk crofs planks or pieces of Timber, laid out on purpofe CO hinder chefoaliiigi or getting up, by an Ene ntie. Towards ttic cop there ii^ ai k were, a Scaffold or Gallery framed , front whence they may inrow down ftono (ot which ' J J , ).*/!rigii*ttnf •rv-uKViHMiuiMA 4" ^ vi^hlciftheire is alwties good ftoit rei^cfy) or what elfe they hive to annoy the aiflfay lants. It hath one only Gate for entrancCi and chac b'keWife well fortified, after their manner. There are faid to be in it fifty or threefcore great hoafesy built, (as the manner of the Ame- rtcans generally is, that ufe houfes) in a fquare figure, each fide being about fiftie foot long or more, and fixteen or twenty broad, but not many ftories high; and in the roideft of the Court or void fpace, a place to make their fire, and doe other necefliry work about it. The Countrie rouQd about this Town pleafant and good. 2. Staiacy or a$ fome call it St^Ja* cone, another Town of the Natives, not far from the Ifle d* Orleance Wcftward. j. ^f- ieefHe, another old Town, which the French, having firft expelled the Natives, and made it a Colonie of their own, have fince named Stu Croix. 4* Tadoufac , a Town lying ae the mouth of the River Saguenayy having a fmall Haven, but very Tafe, and capable of ten or twenty good (hips. 5. France- Roj: This is little more than i Callle and Fort , built by MoHnfienr Robeval, a French man, at his firft landing there, about the yeer 1 540. And laftly St. Le^is, a place which the French defigned for a Colonie,in the year itfi laun- der i,4 tl .jik. ) der l^eftoni!i6)aiil of Monfieur Chamflain; but iccsime not to effect;, by reafon of the Iroquois, a Savage and war-like People on the South fide of the River Canada, who doe often trouble and alarme the Fiench in their Quarters, and patticularly faindred this Plan- tation. '- '■ ' ■ -'-^ i-'-'pu'^^tm^: :-■■■) i-:t- .:'M.i:/*'., ; . Nova- Scotia, or Ne'^'Scotland, is a part of this Province of America, fo named by Sir fViHiam Alexander, a Scottifh Gentleman, to whom King fames gave it by Letters Patents, in the year 162 1» being made afterwards Se^ cretary of State for Scotland ; and after that, by King Charles, Ett\ of Sterling. Itcontain- ech all that part of the Province of Canada, or Ne^' Prance, which the French call Wrr^^V, or fometimes Cadia, (which properly is only tPeninfida, or half Ifland lying thereabouts) together with fo hiuch of the main Land as lyeth between the River Canada, and th^ Bay Francrife , that is , reaching from the kivec of St. Creix , Upon the Weft, to the Ide of Ajfttmftien in the Ealt. . This was «ione pre- fently after that Sir Sametell Argall, Gover- tiom of Virginia, had outed the French of all their poffemons on the South- fide of Canada, chat is, fuch as lay within the bounds of TiV- ginia and Nfw^England, where they had not A'ljtJ ' • ^ any H, ^ i s . '♦ ?%' ,; ♦ » V I i '!'^ '' ' ii ' iW' 'i»ii' ii i > [ii iM i ii iii imui i m.|,|_^._._ '■S ?' iSs ( * 54 J ^ fi.-r iny^kig to doe; mink kCs to moleft «nd flUdke- wtrre upon fiicfa people ts lived quietly under the proceftioo of theEngli{h. Bat the Piite^tee after fome tiitie, finding that to plant 8nd maiutiin Colonies^ was no bufihefs to be ?jiKlereaken by a (ingle perfon, fold Pert-rojaOj which was the principall place he had ch^^re, to the French, and wholly difcontinued his en- deavours in the reft, which the French there- fore have (ince pdffefled. . The places of chief importance in this Coun- try are, I. Fort-ry all tbos^ mentioned. This was firft a O>looy of French, phinted there, by MMfieur Jf Mont^ about the yeare 1604. but being deftroyed by the Englilh from Vir- gima^ about the yetre 1 6 1 3 . ic was granted to Sir iVilUam Alexandtr; who as we beard, fold it back again to the French, and they took pofTeflion ofitrtie fecondtime, and upon a- notfttf aotount* Howbeit, if report fpeak true, as the iffaiies of the world are aJwais uncer- tain) k is now iagaJn very ktely taken firom them by fome En^i(h, cofnmtnded by Ma/or Sedgwkkj It hath t relfooiUe good Haven belonging to it, of a mile broad and more witbia, )ttttd C^o inil^ in length : the mouth or entrance being ibmewhat narrower , but necre upon a onie ov^« 2.Sc» ImkjsSaf^io ^ / \ ' named rM5> nafloed by the Colony which Sif fPiUUm Akx^ 4nitT fenc thither; but by the French Pdrini^ Momton, Qr Shceps Biy. 3. Gajpe ot Ostchep^, toother fair Port right QveT againft thelfleof jifffimpthn. 4. To tht Southweft ^(Nova Scotia^ tnd Nothward of Virginia , liech the Country of Norim begua^o generally called, and as it harli been thought, from a great City or Towa in this Province , or from a River bearing the fame name. But af for the firft) later difcove- ries finde none fuch ; and as for the River that Aiould be called N&rimhgHM; it is hjcewife fwallowed u(.' in that which is more truely cal- led Pemtegovet : which is indeed a fair River running many miles together in this Traft, bnc not well navigable above twenty or thirty at themoft, byreafonofthe Catirads or great falls of water which it hath ; and which are to inconvenience incident unto many other Ri- vera of the New World, and doth make di^D at feverall places unpaifable. The mouth of this River ii faid to be eight or nine milei broid having many little mountainous Iflaods lying before and about it ; one whereof the French call La J[le hante^ from the great heighc which it fcemcth to beare lo them at Sea. Weft ward of this Riicc Prnteg^v^t^ atadi- '^ fl;anc€ -ii. ^.y aJtiiir w«< K iBii !MWW^ - ' i """ *^ IJ ' tf'- ' •'. .whidithe>' call ^'T^'V^c: betwixt and about wh.ch ^.^'SUw of N.n«*«««'» , Known parts of th.^^^^^^^ lycth, fj;;f„^;rwSch they call Ckvacoveu on another R vet wnic J ^ j,, ^ Thcair. of ^hts whole Country ^^.^^ .^ ^* '"^ firUlSXn"lefsfru« it weie ufed, wppo*"*' ^ „hcre it i? ;v,,i,ny toward.^ R»7;^,*;uh ^„ods. ;„^ ^^»r"!««r. wtete yet it affords ^ •' '* '* 5' tIXT abundance of Wainuc «>"* ^Ti S£^ ^u^rt^'^e^ecs, Beech, trees. *«tlSerneceffary and ufcfuH wood : with much o*« jf*^,';'"^ -ood pafturagc and 4jlfcwhere there is *« ,X Sea Coafts are laid to veryf.irpl«n«;on y AeS^^^^^^ ,h„ ,^i^i. be fallow .nd^f«><^^ dangc- tog ncer " 81"*/^ 'v" t,»v be fome tea- ,i, .ndwh^^lf-Pl^.„;,»>Jfe,fcCoaft. -fonwhy there occurr»JJP^ ^^^^^ „ t Sth^[S;;to'SXgh.worthyofchc,c 1 * j^ •• §*-« 2 57 I .■ ' 1'"^:. iglifli, It and V rooft aift op- acovet* d tobe foiK if attfull ; lerc it i? yAToodsi affords VSTalnuc , Beech, \ wood : itage and re laid to t ite fai- it dangc- fome rca- fc Coaft«» fckh as yet ^ a^ltogh they com^,noc under any one c&nnoA ^ i^fmei ;yet it feemes mpft fit, that we (hould vcake notiide pf them as Appurtenances to this Country. The Principall ofthefeare, i. JVii* itfjfrew, or the Ifle of ^//ymp/iMi, (ituate in the very mbuch of the great KxvttoiCafM^ da. It was dffcovered firflb inthe yearei534^ by Jaques Cartier a French man, and con- tains in length thirty leagues or more, but in bjreadth not much above feven or eight. The Ifland is for the moft part very plain and level, and of a foilfruitfuil enough ifit had Inhabi- tants : plentifully ftored both with fowl and fi{h, having convenient roades bi^t no very good harbours for Ships to ftand and abide in. 2. Ramea. Thefe are, as it were, a Fiy of Ifltts, or lefler Ifland s, lying together in the great Gulf or Bay of S^int Larifretfce, on the South fide of Natifcoteci being aplacen^uch reforted to by the French, for the Motfepjhing intimie oftheyear, ofwiiich wc havefpokeo fomething already. They are fo numerous up** on thefe Coafts, that a fmall French Barky 'tis faid will catch one thoufand or five hundred of them id a few houres; andfo large, fat, and unAtous withall, that of the bellies of five or fix Mwjti, they make an Hogl-head or more of Trditi^riit^ u good as that which they have i...i4:[i '■ - • • S ■'. •/■ . of 1^- ■..-J ') \ ^-«*«»W«l»«JiW««M*««fc««^_ K h ► \'».-'- ^ i ^ ml^ ni u - ^i ii w i' i iii n iiiii i *->•■■■. , of te V^le ; befMe the benefic of thf4^ vrndi ibejf ftyt dfpedaUy if k be youog, ists Koto tftdfweec as Vcale. Theskmiorthem th(B|r drejGs ts we doe oai Oxe-hidesj aod they fry, Aty ut twice a$ thick and fervtceable u(U ooany occafioa. 3. JrMM^a finall Ifland South«^ vmi of tkt lt.smed^ Bot aiM>vetwo or three leif ues in ieogih,, and about fo much lyiewtfe in teead^bi boc c£ a rich Soil and excelknt good pafiartge, though (haded in fome places with many tali and iofty trees of feverall kindesi having another iefler Ifland neighboiir- ttig o|^«it , which theyoill IJU Bluitcht^oi ^ white Ifland, of like fertility with it fetf. ^.Infuh Bri$mmm, Oi Jfle Brmn^ called alfo fonietiaiea the Ifle of Sainc Ld^ence. This Ijneth to the South-Eaft of the Ifle Smn, of a Tiiiagultr forme, containing about eighty leagues in c#tt|iars , siouBtiiobus for a meat fiarc of it and rugged , but in the YaUtyii more fruitfull and plea∋ having W0 iUvcfs , at leaft not any that are naacn knovBi but inlkad thereof embraced oaoch ividi armesofrheSea, and thereby not unlik« lytobe wetlftoped withfifli upon the CoaAs oftt, bi the mieere, i Idnie of Urk Foxety fttid tb«HHip4sm;^ of tbff Amerinn Bir(ii^ wlifchchey cal{ fet^wint. The etiiief' Pdrt, at HavtfQ dfki^ New-port, ctlltihf^tftcmii Porpamx AigMs, becaufeiirach frecfuenttrel by fhe EngKfli rft regard of the fiAifKg, Laflfy^^ ther^ if Che Iflc^ ^ ^F^i^if , fe calfetf tf tfi^ Frencti,a$ ''cfs fuppofe^i from the SatnTf wlicft lye fo much about it, cofitainkig abpt)€ fifeeen le«ga€t in compare, afi4 difNnc firom Brttm*^ I fie not n^uch (eft than twenty or thirty ki^ guesj beMca beofantanftfe [nitfifig, liyietw foil ofthe^fcid&ndslyifig about ic : miiV^tif^ fore thottghiche plancwgofkltehbetiiewf^e actempteAytlteFrcfKh, mdoncebythePoiP; iughefe,yct Ae bufineft never bad facceftk The b?fand parts of tiifyvfiole co>nnt _ C«9i»4f , are flfi H iff tihe hiandt of the Saiva]ge^of ^ Nktvvc^, and not imidl difcomr ed fortfiei^ tfi^ to ftnoff ct^ oamet of^he peopfe^ the eKf^ whereof that occurre, arethefe, vi^.^:hrtt^ tjHois^t ftout and warlike people on the North- eaft of Norimhgud, ofttn molefting the^ [French. The Sourujuois and Etechemins in the j Country oiAccadif, or NeW-SmUnd, who^^ ' ir^ fbore; their friends^and doe help them Ibm- ?: [times againft the Iro^ttois. Befide on the banksi mdabottC the River of CanaJUy there are the > Sa Alimm9qmns^\, r..^ >^ 3' ^1 .•* (.J ■-":• ■^^ \\ ■'. <:''■< .V 1 s * m:^ ^M% Wi- A- iy h fiS ( 2^0 ) ' Akouwf quins t the Algriugeqmns 9 ^emn^ gmnsy Attagof nutans, and many other Mon- cagncts of fuch har(h nimcs, that weihould be enforced aimoft to pafs them overinOknce, Khough they other wife deferv'd tobeiiamed : only thi$ we may obferve in the general, of the Savages of thefe pirts of America, t//«. That as ignorant and barbarous as they are, yet they have made (hifc to difcover the Fadions.Emu- iations, and Enmities that are amongft the Eu- ropean People that come thither ; and are able CO make fuch advantage of it;> by fiding fome of them with the one,and fome with the other, ihacthey all preferve their liberty by it : So chat as yet the footing which either the French, Engli(h , or any other Nation htye among Chens, feeinf richer Co be for the fecurity of cbeir own abode and trading where they live, Chan to give them any abfolute right of pof- feffion; auich lefs any general comniandof ' theCoiintric. ,■ \.>: ^n.' ■^'-.,-v-»vii;;r't--^;'-?^ m^ ii^;?;i!,,t'{ ■' ■■ k I ■ . .. ■ , ' . li> '■ ^ -lMU«';-^iV^ ••:/>^ofofe^)3^.' i^'li^H-Cn^?' I ' •" '■ '• ■■'■■■ 1- ' A 1, '' .' '"'»*- It -■■J '1' '•vX..'V .♦ ■*. '\^ ■if* >,.X!.JW V *ir-;^ .-W;':" (i<5i) "t^mm rinOkDce, I 0/ Virgioift 419^ m Commes thtir$t^ ie^ longing. s 1. XJ Irginia, h named by Sir jp^ii/rfr V Rawleifrh^ about th vear 1584,, in honour of our Maiden Qn ^Us^abeth^ of famous Memorie, isr a fair \ e of this Norchernparc of ytf^m^^; bounded on. the North with Canada^ on the Eaft with the Ses CdMti Mare del NoYt, on the South with i^/o- rida ; the Wefterh confines of it bein^ not yec known; but iuppofed^ and perhaps not altoge- ther improbably, to extend them felves as far as the South Sea. The more inland parts of the Coontrie are mountainous and fomewhaC barren; but otherwife thick fee with Woods^ and thofe as well repteni(hed with wild Beads, Venifon,anda fort of People, not much lets^ wildeand (avage than Beaflis : the Maritime parts more plain and fruitfuil. Th6 whole Count He extends it felf from North to Souths that is to fay, from the Southermaft parts of Norimbega to Florida, full ten degrees of la- titude, W«. from thirty four to fourty fouir, contaioing thereby inciulively fix hundred % J S3 conAmon »•!*' *h: .J,...- '^^''^J-'., IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ut 1^ |2.2 1^ U& 12.0 IL25 |U 1 1.6 l^^s IIRlBiBI MlHH Photographic ScMices Corporation 7i WIST MAIN tTRMT wnsTN.N.v. UltO 4^ ^ m /a 4 '/. ^ ^^ ^ ;\ \ 4^ .\. y. I ) common or Englifh miki : being fab«divtde4 into three iofectoBir Tfoviaccsor P^ircs, which are thefcy vi^. uNt^^EngUitii %• Nnmrn^ $elgmm» or Neim^ NederUmb, aii Oilf Neigh- ^nrf ca([ it. Andj .f7rx ^^ * : a. Xm'Enifjmd b tl^at par( of chisProp vtace ofAmirica which lyeth ncic to dmsJd, ms Nivffrmcis by whtch it is bordered ro* wirdf the North, Eaftward with Nnimhgud^ witbc Sooth and South-weft with JVirW-iNTt- d§rlm4t : the Other borderi, that is, difeSly Wcftwaxd^rccnaining yet ttnknown.TbcCoun trie lyeth about the middle of the temperate 2oM, beiwiit the degrees of fourty one and fourty fooi^ being naturally of the fame ^gree ltfhtatwithFr4Mr#or/r4/f, parallel towhidi ielytdiii the Wcdtni Hemiljphert; but yet Aefc bcatf fo moderaeed and allayed by the coUtnift of the adfoyning Sca% that the Coun^' iry|onmilly if found very agreeable loEnglifli bMict. the Soil abaikUacly fruitfull , not Miy of the natural Commodjtiei of the Phwt, but Uisemiie of all fuchaa aet tnoipoittd dl^ (bet one of EnjfUmi Gicat ftoreef Woods ud Tmcf both for PfOita^d Buildiig ; plenty of ■»f •* -* IHM .M V -♦-*■ of Diser^ itiii df Ttarkict^ Pinridgclif SWttMf Geefe, Cnnety Duckf, tnd Ptgemii fcr|^ iboiifidi]K:e,af ferveihe lokibttaiictilmoftio actk* But tlie CMiolodiciet wftefchjr ihqf dikfljr matnciiii iheir Trade* ate rich ¥mt!K maBy fcirts of good Fi(b^ femo qiMiiic^ of Amber^ Ftai, Lmnea^ Irony Pjccli^Maftt»Cah^ bits, yea and ciitiber for Shrpping.- lit a uror^ it if fappoled by thofe whick fetoa lo oiidei^ iUfid the CoBiiCfy well, That there it IMc coos fotBuf^Uni by the vira^ of die SoiiM,hril mi^cbe had from htect,. ie cafierratetlot lefs troubk!,tf the bafinci wero well (SMfidtMi* The M&cves of ehe CotmCfte ure 6cd eir be much bercer dffpofed,aaofe.ttaaablc,decM|iirf ape CO be perfwadei to ciTiliiy, cImi rinii Ncighboiirs } efpectaJly ^hetr they anre ftifljir deelc wielalli and not prof oked iata d i fttm ^ by rouijh haodUiag. The Countrie on thH Sii ifide repienilhed wiilh nty good HiMii. They tepofCy tbuin thrfpacrof>oHiikBi^thsfetare M feri that tweity or cvieaiy Ave good eni [recisit poMy feme ef them cspaUe of fift idtedorarhoiifinidfiitlofMpfi endftncedl m thefmy of ^oMeeatid Sei^by the^hlMI [pofiiioQ of cevcain tike^ which, ootheM*f 'bet of<#o^ haadbed ac Ml; aee faid to Ifa katteietftfp«iddiiwaiepoiechBtGda& A ^ 'the m /. rHffbi places wtoe tht Engtifli luve chiefly f€ate4 themfelvis , are, t. St. Georges Fm^^ vi^cc the firft P^nta^ion wat fetldl, ac the ■kittH of the River SagahaditCy in a.'kinde of BeMnJfhld or half- Iflind. 2. New- Flimeftth^ jfeacdl no lefs commodtoufly upon a large and fiplelotfi Bay, called by the Natives Psteuxe^. ]ft cMfifted t the firlt building but of nine- teehf amitiet only, (yut is now improved into a!lnHidu>me Town/ ^^ NeW-BrifitMiUponthc $flai(i^aifO| bat ^ing more Northerly than fiMbiwiir/&« 4^ BaffiMe. 5. Befien : And ^kSAy^^^jfiSipiMckii which by the name feeros ui taivebeen fome< old Town of the Natives, wfaQitpoYMi great mortality happening among irheik, are faid to have diferted thefe parts of theCountrie^ut a few years before the Eng- U^ came thither : It lyeth upon a Bay called IteBiy of AtM^dchouJettjg tod is atfre^ Jimt^oftfledbjfitheEnjgUfli/ ' ^ :r> iJIhii ; part ^(cViiginM was fiifft iiiticovered If a^ptaiD Gofmid, in the year litfoa. Four Eiafter that King fames graqteditby Let* I Patents onto a. Corporattoa of certain Xtti|^ts i Oeatlemco , lind Merf hants to be fiaMed' by theni.apd managed to the beft ad- vahtage <^f the Publique : la lihicfa fir f^ fepham, Lordchicf Juftice of th^Gommon- ^HT . ..... ^ ... Plea^ '^ tfM ^- cm) J beipg. one of the principal] , hy ^ enconragemene, and chiefly alfo ac his chaq;e aColony was fenc thither in the year 1 60% under the Prefidencie of CtptzinGeorgi P^^ ^m',tni}At. Raleigh Gilbert : but the Pldi<* dent Popham dymg the nest year after, and hot long after him the Lord chief Jufticelikcr wife, who was the chief Patron of the wdrki the Colonic returned home : and though tf» terwards it was attempted feveral time^ y^ never conid they fodefuccefs in their eddefi- vors, nor be fetled inanyform, till the yvic 1626 : When^ by the building 6f Nm^Ptt^ month, and feme more particular care had of the bufinef^, by feverai ihcouragemeijti; iftni from thence to bring on ofthars, and by Kieafott of fome 4omeftrck motives which perfwadcd many people to leave: cheir Cotintrie aod goe that way; it is grown at laft to a very probmo and hopefutl condition of good fublift€iice for the! furore, being, for many temppril rm fpe£Ur worthy of all favour and cherlfliingby the State. ';;i^ ','- ' , s ., ';.'«^>;-p^>' /'^h. ^.Tf^vitm^ Belgium, ot Niew-Nedif^ ld»it^ hath on the North- Eaft New^Etigl^, Ottthc Sooth und South. Weft f^irfinii, pr6. perfy fo; tailed • taking its name from the Necherlanders or Dutchmen^ who began thdir ' t^ Plantation ■'\. irjii^ilV*' >»«<«..* .'Aif\"-ia«ii**&a'*»***:«'<*'>«">*-*»'^»''»'>-«>*"^' 't r \ ■X 1^: I I « Plmctiion dtere tbotae the yetr 1^14 : TItt CoQiicrie, u cbey Iktd, baing thai void, and dieiefofe free for any bodv cbtt would Cake pofleffiott of it : Notwithftaading which pee-* 4ecncfl^ they were fcarfe warm in chei r QnUr*^ Itn^ when Sir Sum. ArgdU^ Govemoiir of VkginU , having firft fpoylcd the French to ^ecsdii , as we fatd , difpuced the poflefii* M with thefeaKo. And although thqr pleacl* HHmMiMS ri(^ (who by Commiffion from King famiSt and upon an Engli(h acconnt, iMui ktdy difcoverdl thofe part^j and pre- tended they kid not only bMght air hit Cardf and Maps of the Gonntrie, bSt althfe Intereft iadRi^alfo, and had folly contented him foraU htf paint and chaj^s in the dt&overy* yet the iaid H$u^m , being an Englifli man, and ading aU tbic he did , by Commiffion firaii die King i^Emglmd, npon debate it was conttudedj That the Land could not be ilie* Mted after difcovcrie, without the Khig of MtfgUmb confent ; efpecisUy is being hoc a part of the Province of TirirfmX alrcsidy po^ toibd byi the Subjcas of Enghmd : So that they were forced to waive that title, aoA the DoediGov(sfnor fubmitted hkMantntiMirto hisMafdUeof J?«!f£iai^ and tatheGoiveinor s ^ . V ' TermSj x\ • f ■»< Ttntm^htk good whil^ they lield k* AftttN WArds, iip0ii co»ftdcii€e/ic fecms» of i new "Governoor. Ceiit from jtmfterd^m, tfaey noc only fatted c<^ piy ciie pf ooifed cofiCfibiitioo tii4 tribttce« but fell coiortifie themfelve^ mii to entitle the Merchints of AmftnJUm tow •broiiite Propriety and Dominion of the Countrie, independent of a^y other | building Towns, 96 Ne^'Amfindam» raigng Fof ti, ti Orange f»u neer that branch of the itjMlr Bivett which ^ (call Hii- gates. Complaioe whereolbeing made to King Ci#r/##j and by hit Erobaflador reprefeoted to the SttCe% tikf difowo the bofinefs, and deelare by f^U^ inftrument, thit they were not lotereffed in ir^ but thai it waa only a privaie oodertaktiqli, vi^. of the Weft Indian Cotlapany of Amh fiirdam, V/he^upon a Cotmniflion waa granted to Sir G9$rge C§lvtr$^ made LemnI Msiiim^ ia/ftrW, to poffeGi and plaHthfe Soothem pacta thereof, lying towaida FSrv fMM, by the nanae of Mtri^i i and to^Sir Edmund L§ydin to plant the Northern pitta towards 2lsw'Ef9gt09d,by theaame of JV#im. I u4l^k9i : Which aafcei the J>mh the fmmi jlhnefeem witling to compoiUid I aaid for ihtt fimmeuf two thonfaod and five iu»idfe4 poiindii they oflier to be gosr^ and tm^A .ei % '--^f •ife ,,»jS!M*«*tt.«»«v*«!««^-«««^-«" t '^ c -i .w-r« Bat by td«tft«^ of *f lti«y ted ttete^ .^^^i^ then beg«n to *p- *'^'"=*i%Sfaft«tu<>wed, they hot oB^y pctf, and toon »«« g r^ p opofiriofts , »M r£e b>ck fto? '*^. tat alfomoftmhchic- Se higher *7V;J>J^'foi*?epo.t) they vouOy tnd w«><=*'y .^.tms and teach them ^IngUm. A"„^f *JS oniytothclngUfh |^dvc»tfltcti,whohtvcfinceDe .^^^^^j^ ^^atft.th»tfmt«cdby«^^c^ ^5^^f^^^ iipoathem.detooytngA"^»^^^,^^ «^"8 *»? J^to « So that at pcefeftt fbttt »* ^i"!^ .'^ «.coont can be gt- «^A^t^"rfSst.«^ftb^ _, . , |^«, .farther , «;j^^r, ,, .,i , . ■ ■^■"*» ' •; «^'''^*"cl S^&a.odities f the Coiintry, and chal- lenge a huge Circuit of land under the nztot of the Ne^'N if herUndi , and title of the Stacei ; yet I fuppofe they have had their hands fofttU of other buliners of late, that they have' . not added much to what they had, when oar troublei began ; which ,was only Ni^-jtm'- fitrdam^ as they call it, and Orange^Fort^ afore mentioned ^ nor is k fo certain, whither they beMafterof themat this day or no. In Read of Rivers^ which this Country feemeth a little to wapt, there are many large and capaciout Bayei all tio^t ^ ^^^ • ^be princinin whereof are, that which the Dutch caHiirai|^ vim^B^^ (bmetimei the Nirdfrivir^ wtttdi falkth bv it into the Sea wtM^fm. %. UkU^ ;^4rf, which is but a Channell of the jceac JV^iTtiwiir, fo caUcd by reafiio of kihdtmfiutel ind idangerous entrMCO ; thottgh within ici^ ffbrds t vcqplaferoidJwliClil^ uAS&mk w ftiiteea ftthGin; oliwAcer at die momt^^ ^^ i.Zffid-rivgTt >■ i J v. \| tiJ'Siit.M»Wi»*'it«-«4''«-»- ,,,,*««&»*.*^^^*«^*««»-««*^'*^^^ !(?'■>■ M >■ ► <»ttedbecti»ie««w»'»'^~ 4. But ':«V^y: J^JtAetlHaAitc olEng^ die Colonie »«^"*«iSS. Ww ^^^^ '•./ '■¥ , « ^* « .'■, ■m^^ / <- the iaitei wkli Fcmti • The ibtle-bcio^ fo gootf ^ ^tt 'cts ftid in niioy {dices , «ii tac cllwl well iM)|btoded wiU reciirn cwa hnodiedbu^ fteb , 6r tweocy five qttif cer of mod gfftiQt ridi iavekif of Altoffi, is likewtte ui Pil^b^ Torpendnf!. Oiie^ plenty of fweet GuoMiiei^ and fenrdl foici of pjancs for Dyeirm(t 3 tei wiating many good Mines of Ironi Cofipeffy &c. Timber and uU Cedar- trees in inmit^ abundance | much Cattle : Fiih aiul I^owl ot aUlorti: noicarficy of MmIk among iheNa-f tines I on the mountains fime Cmifiiil is fwndiatidoB thtShjDreFearb. Tobefiioflip eicepiing tkofis metatls d ftr$mnA Mixk^. Yof iwiiich'I^hear not, thsc any difiwresia ai ^et have been made in thefe parts) it feemtnife deficient in anything, thdc miy enconm^roe reward an indiiArioui peop le» The Cbuotrji not half peopled with Natives ; and chofeiiHfi ait IJhere fonod, asmuch differing 4|oe fioa» anothor in fize, as in language and manneiv. There ait fomei whom tliey enlt Jb^fiws* Hm$m of €]ch a va& kuiit and ftaeur^ thae [tfiqffeened, asitwese Gyanta iathtfiii[^ ' rnkbrn ; oiheii, wiam they call jMm ;i ill mlcmidlovi^ ahuinnm^Miirividi the other they ii»m'4totf« aMnyJKr^^ [thi fsimliq^of ihemi ibonS b| MrOed. i ■ -^ \!*- \ sutc "T"- f: ^ ^^■r r, :■ iMPe lil(erind wdl limbed, though moft com^ nioflly without beards* Their cloathiAg is mantles of Deer- skins with fomechiog like an /apron hanging before them. They paint their bodies and faces all over With figures of Ser<- pents and other horrid creatures, 'as tis thought) only that they may feem terrible to dieir enioiies, who are fo wife as to fright them agaif^ as much with the fame. The(eofr#r^>- ffjw are held to bejcrafcy and revengeful!, and HOC a little more indiiftrious and'a^tvei than other Natives^ efpeeially towards the Nmh. There is no Coontry in the worlds for the big- \ nefs, better watered than this part of ^ir- ginidvs^ with many pleafant and fair Rivers: the thetfie^ whereof are thefe^z/i^. i .Pawhatan,(o named from a ppincipall Roy relet of thefe parts^' M^iofeTerritores are divided and won-* de^Uy fertilized by thi^ River, whichruns a coorfe of an hundred miles, navigable all the way, atleaftby fmaller Veilels, and fallsr into chei\ Sea > with a mouth two or thcee miles iMPdad* 2. Ndnfumnnd. 3. fdmmm$mki* 4^'^^dphM$tocL navigable one hundred and tfttf^oiiles. 5^ FM^tMnxet^ of a deeper Qhan" lidtchinany of the reft, and aflFordtog vatiety Ofdiotce fifli| With divers others :.h * /bfiMB Efl^UOi^^fi^ cheic FhnMtioQ Stii ' ' upon iiiiiiiliifiiriM 1111111,1 III srr? aMi«iH|lMiiB ( upon the Soattii-fide of a Iirge and geodjy Biy, called by the Natives ChJerpeMck., whicp . thrQfHng ic felf a good tkray up into ;be Couot- trici and receiving itico its bofome mmiy par* cicular Rivers, yeelds a very fafo Aaciou fot (tiipti and is the only entrance jnco this pari: of the Councrie : rfhe Capes or F^oincs where^ of are therefore well forciHed^ particularly. Cape Htmj$ Cape Ci&4r//, 'c^r. The Towns which the Biigl till have builc^ or doe frequent jin way of Trade,are chiefly i. famiJ'^T$^ff,io [named by the firft Adventurersi in honour of Angjsmis ; it lyhh on the South iideoftte Fay, and was flrft bulk in the year 1606^ buje jince fortified with a Trench drawa rpundi ibout ic, and fome pieces of Ordinance planCr td. a, tienricopolii, or Henries Tiw, fp na- led from Prince Hinrie^ then living, built in Very convenient place more within Lau^^ ^oiic fourfcore miles diftant from* Jamei- U^n.^ 3. Hdles'guiff^ fo named I becaui^ ultand planted at the charges of Sir T"A*«*^ tle^ Deputy Governour oFthe Countriei mtthcycaridio. There is zKo K^tafiih- , a Town of the Nitives upon the Biyi , lere the EngUfli are faid to frequent anfd idemuchV An^laltly pFkocomoco, zTown i^o^hdiam, oni of the chief Roytelcts of 'v N N %^ -#5toS»f. *. r^.n .w-i "11^/ C5M) !M^\ ib HthB^en faiH, tvhoitl M Bl^ ^ sc W firft tbotttingilltrHieri AmdMS llti^d bfhferitfdilit t>ftf(^tl, cd bfe Afrit hitb iirdtft lting^^^ii^/.6ttiftMofi:tbdbiigb6!6) : wHfd ptR^<^dte&iraiykbtet6(b«. Fs^khkotih tie mtiM. ItteWift ioti liit piitt ^rV iiiiiWtt Muttfl iileaidh kd ths Eolith, y^c j^rtl^ Wti% ^6cU^eib£At, ii 'dt laid, liid fikftiy tM|li drdlr dwh ovtobiich ftcarity,Mt v^lbj )fiiyit liSM ^BViA;ftti6bi giVcAoh the p!i»t of til Ei^lHK tlk&re w^iit, ftbont ^ yekr t5ii,D iKft Ifltkis tlkifi^b btitidred attd JPoarty BigKfl^ |A(in aniVJrb'cl^y ^%e Sfcvkgek, ; <6ktseAtdlyhi ibg in lipdn thin, and With fucb Vtoletacstii liirolutido, it tttat if a ttrtkio tiativb ^FtT Coootfie, i)ecoHie Chriftiim, kid iibt difo 'itYtfd ttte biifiAefs a vinyliedebefbtttotfal it fdmts-Tttfn, their princi{All Foirsatad^hi dfRV^gth'bad been furpdttd, itid the Whot 'Colony alnkoR at the tbtity of the SaVi^ '^t it pleafed God to prevAit their dtti9 jQhi ihiiB. Hilt tM pfincipali 4f (hf p, mi ^ ifAtcb If 1P(^ profcrjly ciU|4 ^mmtdsl^ Khiidi ly^cli ail tbe Mfsi): ifid ma^l SiHUterly i^fBfrtff lliefii. in the li^iCttdeef tl^irty dvf 4egrff»f, m4 tvfiKi^y fyit mxm^. Tb^ fi;p femf cimtf <»U«d rif Summer Ifimff $ fiNHP 5«r ITrifXf ^mmr^ s ^hp, in tbfi yejir ii^#5?. h (^w^fmy 9f Sic Tl^m^ ifds ^f i^M , liardiy Wctp^d § i) tipwNraiik upoiithe&Kbfidii tbe4|itp, iih(^ 4V«ie iS»rcpd c# ruD on ftiy thy thffig dfe ttiey Itlvtt ^^toiretted hi h iniwerabie to ikeiidfri mi. O^ili^ Bill ieiitftii the AthirtKkkOi^. gi,{W Miti^ M Nordt. On tlie Sdutb ftid me part #f the Weft» the GixVofJUi^ek^; ttrdonthtfeftdPtfaeWelft, pnt of NfOi^'&iit^ IkiM^nndtimt i^er Connttiei, HM yttper^^ hSiSy kii0wfi. It Tvis firft of ttl diifeovtrea by tkS0bApiimCMhit (h hith beeki bid) it chfe ilitrgek of the Kfn| of EngUni , about the yeitfc 1497 ; btrt alterwardi more tfhrouejhty feifched hitoby hhn dt l^me.t Spttiiard,m tb« {Mir 15 1 2, Kiid Vy him named ftmia, beictnft e fim hmdtll Oftoii it on Mim-Stinday^wliich, lrsttreyY«y,tiieSpkniatdi ofeto t%\\frfchaJl$ Thrts, or PafcU FhrHU. The Coutitrie lyetb in th e faa ie p ar allai with CsfiUiinSfaim^ and isfiippofed to bf of aneercemperatorewici iC| both for Aire and S^^i : only this of Amh rUa is inppored to be foi^ewhat the more fertil and lufty , 11 not raving as yet beeo worn rat with Tillage and ufei ai |he other l|aill. Thq^hivt ^qctplentvofiliWtinthis ^Bfltri*, vvhich tft^y both Ibw and reap ia H^rijdwi lottT llMieths fpace; and Vrhidi is . ''^ ^ ^ * fomewhit K per ^es uriddi ^^ S»S mm m mm Piwte p.9ff#oB j km,m n\ scpffity. Itt wejl ftore^ MtewU? wiw m^ -<- '■. ' ;6fJ\WII»-#4^ ihg dfe they .thritkk 0»- ]ci«(le of Plujn oftms fAlPar uni Ij?™^ c. pefiOs they baye jn j&g^ndjwpf ># pj»5 ^ji t«|Uf, witb W left pjlia^q' «f f {^Wl. Maj^ ' 54 wUh ^ciftd Ok(» 9f the Uiji^ ^m m^ dm, Cf^ffS^, f nd Baj tf]??s, mth ^mi^ ^ pleniy of t'a»c vpod iy!«H*lte Me- e i)8rk wj»?rw* i» W t? ^ very Mc#U^ , net yet pct- on bid) ft tile id, iboiitthe ove lihf oii^ty ipftfiifttdjiti ctM 70Wd/i,be£tiift call f i|/^i!»4 A Countrie lyeth < qjied f/f imf> not limi..5 /' • <*' ,<<, \ *»^p*wW^? 5V*yr' ▼tWW'" t.Mk ^ami by the Fr«iMl>> wtio^tifiiiEr the $i«ai9«(% fm fi)«i tiine Md, t>qc nevef held any tolie aoi}^^ i^Kf rtie Coonifi^. Tiv?re yre 1II9 JE«i «^ fl»n,Jth 4* mm*, 9i» 4t Sfirim Smt. UfStf 9xemh v» «|i^chen» wit^tNr ft^ ftiiiag ae (i^e(^ pbwis 1019 ths grcM |«k« of Me^jifoi siyi fom pf ibmn, npe f Huf I hannted by the C4;m4»/ or Wen- Ig^ir M Ctoc^dtlep, « CfatWKi 9$; M> b^ Aid M>n» dangeFPUi bodniiK Sf^aod |Uii4« tbd C^pUBfiylUKb o0ty^bewfQW(U4«i'cj9it«;K4| iiiwlil(;i«f l«y cextiuo F/«i'k«ocqs> I%e I9»(i\wf, wb(i i« yM bQt4 po£r«/SQ9 »imI «90}imM «f it fm mp mpft pi^c^^ aie ^nm^ Alvii CAQCpiUy ik)t«id ista ^iH^iq Tiibe»()« 9VW f«qiyiff , jiU.imhkb «)W K«rfcw»l(ii«r fiUyby a i^^9^ tbdr aw9, whofci tMy<;|U f^ir4t»nft i «lMi by re^Q thmfof, lu^ aliQioft c«€irfl)Dfejolcn8fh| but h not m bredib Sbove tbif^^¥iw« ii ii fatge^ and in msny pMswmh led t wiK hUdwn by tin Gape ctUed Z^ MmjitUk wtMi ttwech ^ts k were J tnio the Kb ^Tiii^ tnd ihe River oF iib# H^ GhfiB MrUi Aiii otter goodly Bays, ivhiob opeft and o e B yey diemrelfcs into tbfC of NwJ^m » itc thi 3 . The Towns and ptaoes^dft iimvndt tMs Piovkicf , are Saint Hd^u feilfiAonM ft€«fr mii^o a Pvomoncottie of the fane naoMi vi^e«>e Ibis Coumtry hot deecfib om t^kpmu ft. FtnChanlh or Jwe€mglfmi^ kxvSiimd^ flfimedby thel^encbia the feign of GhmtMiiit ninth their Kinsi but ifter wudt nin^dsby^iht Spaniifdf. x. tm^r$f^ « wdt rfeequmeil ifiiven, at Ihe paomhof a«mr i/vfaicfa&cMiil [Che faine nine. More within hnd tchaeo Jii i: Afol^f an old TownofthtNitisosyliiff* merly a phce of «ea( nfi;^ i «QW Jt^pnor w' •fV i- r' Atn% cff kb^oiit Tome flurry ot fifty Cottages : «nd yet as poor as it is^ Pamphi//u JtJarvmK » Spaniard; ac the cime when he , fearchcd th« ^ofltryj found cTie Ntcives noc willing^co par( with ic. For though he took it from ohem, it wn not without fome reiiftance, and they jqaickly recovered it again: and at i. Jutt^ linother old Town of theirs, nine dayes march from the ocher^ they overtook him, and fell fo lefelately upon him, that he left not a few ofMibeft Sonldiers dead upon the place, and Mras content himfelf to march quietly away 'witir the reft. j. Ochalu^ ft Town confiding of abolI^ 5 or 600 Sheds an^ . Cottages fikewife of the Natives. 4. VittucHchet Bur^ rough of two hundred Houfes. There is alfo oil the Baftern (hore of this Ptmn/ula St. Mdtthi^is^ a place poffeflfedand Well forti- iied by the Spaniards ; and Saint AuguJUnes on the fame Shore, but lying fome what more Sbtitherly than the other, at the mouth of a Kiver called likcwire Saint Aufiirts. This latter was taken and fack'd by Sit Francis Draksin\ ihf yeare 1 58$. who took out of one only iortj called Saint 70iEri9/» ho lefs than eighteen pieces of Brafs Ordinance, and twen^tythou- fand Florens in read^ money, which was in? tended for the pay orche Garrifj^n* ■ ■: Vy:.::< ■:."■■■: 4. This ":i > %. 4. this Cotttatry is not much inhibited e& iher by Spaniards or French, though both fuC'* cefiively have had it in pofleffion : For J^dn^r a Native of Leoft^ as hath been faid, firftdif^ covtrcd the Pen'mfnU upon Palm-Sunday, ' 151 3. but did no more than only fcowre along iheCoafts, and give fomenimes cothib Proi- moncories, Rivers and places :of note which he met with. After him, Vafyuetu-dB jtjllpns with fome Ships from Hifpanioia fell in with the more North eaft pans of the Country to- wards Virginia, but did no more than gefc fome- few of the Natives, ("and that treacheroufljl^ aslomefay, h&Ving fir U: invited themoaihipr board, to dinner and upon pretence of traf^ fiquewiih them) with whom heprefently re- turned for Spain. If it were fo, his pradiCet did hot " proipcr with him • for a few yeari af- ter, ret ur'ning again with a ftronger fupply of men, and provifionto makea further defca- vefyt>f thct Country, one of his Ships wascaft tway upon the rocks in the fame place W«. before the Cape Saint Helena^ andtwo hun- dred of his men murdered by the Natives boi* fo4 Hisiace upon their landing. Nor had the ^^y^g^lil PmnphilmNarvaes before men tio- ncd, af^ecrer fuccefs in the year 1528. FcMC venturing too farrc ^p into the Cou^rty, vh 41 *ri ■;»-r -x ■it , t0 V^ ■'s «• JfMk, -as WM iaidi (wMcb vm t fuUl t «mldis it»fth fiooi tht place of his firftlaai. iig) Mfe of iiopei of foim great Trealims ^Nttri»et»btfoKitf^ tfioug^acfifftliiimaiel^ifcl >iiii»iierlbmeof thdr t)etty Towai^ yeciiasit- 1^ ftaloft liddi Uflifeif tad rnxM of Us oiaa. laftly IbB eicpcditbn of Htmnndg^ n ^#f e fn iiie|cmi5i|.3. tlmig^adore fllQo»$ than #- i^ %f cbefei yi^lMrovedai finiiclfifs as rktft(k\ ib b«|ib fate Maitb in the yeite' 1538. ami wiiciMKd k tflt 1 54$. ovecwrttflDflig tbe€Oiiii>- mi vriiiii Iktie Aroiie of tlif ee iHiiiirdA and Jmflmkwki ^ofoote, firbdttingthe Pm/^ ^mgit or p^tcy Princes, iviie»eteaiim',to tAe IDmM of i;pi»)S andcompeiljiieihefii fiofeiul ^ Itiaff T«rkte$i HeBiiandl ottoriiMeSi lor alt ^fSuaUif^ of Ms ciibniiig Cam|>» ^eieiry| ^: iMiic Jaftfindiiig hts&opei of goUfra. Bnli^ iM 1 i^d piTC of his Atmy iritAod, { %khfraife|ttd(asidaie%airo} widb^^i iirheidied ni^AeiBfdft ofMs jmtm%%wim\ MMaRi of to^ompaojr, imdisr HiecomnBiotl ^#f JMM«» Mup4f9 im jUeiitananc p 3«viitsh| "Wfoiiiany ttoruccefs^ atieaif^iii, isbe $fiaoi- mA% Wiem to leave the (^uncfy $ ^heeeitiMO <^ fl^^ Ihitber by Qnff^r^t- t *' ! -«(*ar -•tniei'«'»«.»i»jl» ii Wii t liili his firft lani^ M TfCiflKCs hi; male (btfc I: of his a^tt. Inoas thin #- ^rsftst^cfcfl. jlRgtbeeoufi*- huftitreliaficS scameytothe Dheai^iftiid iani|^> '^Moy iofgoldl^n< itny tuMftoa} lieCOBUHMli snariCp ^thl ^hefi6it|Mn ttijc tln^ ware fitth ii tte StttniUNI s like4 «Ofi 116 hky«(b dttVtliMi: «rhe(dbra idANidtlriy iq^uti tiiii hAdttti «Ft feedod fup^ fo dtt yur ii6^ At ttmt^fm utMMi the Riviec PmHftU i^ SAt juta Luna, fPofce their st^ liDtemiy tfiOA tlttttdtf, twtkiht fi^TowD, M)it, tttdlHtiiek tofts "iU i^AfMklhdlfty ttfttrly Ittiliiei. Sintfc^c kai Sim AmOhm ibbi«ftki;tog<«ttt iOtlterl,ihkftthAibey vnkie im gMll iaif#oW- li«0A« «f i^C«tliMit tliMifeivtit: MAdJMMe. kitia aieit Mliief Mil ^6)•a^ttlills «lA)ft(f|«^fc m*f feem but joft. Tiic CountQ' i> a largettid MtiiMly iKovhice Hf^m&kd.bH ff«tH and ^ganim |di«nlly^ yet ndiha:t«i(»pl«d%v)lth ^ •loBfcs''-" ■•:'>■.-.. ■•'/■.■vi - *BSJ -ij-i ■ i Ihe hon6rof God and the advancement |6f publick good; VSThac rcafon or juftice chere- vrprecaaitbe, cbacche Spaniards, only byttip' advantage of a Fortor two upon theCoafts, ihould pretend to be Lotdi of the whole h nd ? and neither improve it themfclves, as it ought ro be improved, nor permit any other Nacion^, that are willing To to doe? 'tisfuppofed^ia- deed, they keep it as a referve of Treafureto ckemfelvesy that when they hive leafure, or {lit their Mines at Poto^^i, or other places fail, th$y may make a farther fear^h about the Apa- latHoi this Province ; of which there are coh- fi jene reports that they have Mines ; and though fucceis hitherto hath not anfwered[ their endeavours much, yet they defpai re not in due time to finde them, upon an abfolute con- queft of the C(^untry and a more thorough iearch. And truly their policieand great provi- dence Teems not eafily to be condemned : but in the mean time, if any other Nation upon jull grounds ihill happen to ftep between and prevent thtm, they have but little reafon CO complain , or to count themfclves inju* red. 5. There lie over againft the Country of Florida weftwad, or foiuhwrft certain Imall IllandSy which becaufc they are but Imali ones, , ; , ^ ' and . ' A % .■**-'"',>^* "*?/:; ■'■^. •hdJyefoo^ei ifaeX^iitineots Geogt^tpfiers fomedmes de&ribe i##|»rund ipprntimog «o the ContiMnC. Timy m called bf t goae- all aiinc the J^uf^4 Jfliad^ and biviBiioc landi to bft ^k€tt of ditat. Xlie cbef& aite iiift i^ea ordgh( titdelflitids lying together tit the Sottth*Vfeft poiac cif ^he Pemp^nU ctlled Ci^ /iirfiby r^ over sgmnft the Port Hm^M of chtt Ifle^«^4 1 from which they a«e difttftC t- bont fiife oc fii ieagiiei ; «nd by ^r lying'fo lattcefcd tipinddoywlatheSe«,ii|thqfiM^ they mtke tha (MfTige from thence wHwsim (tot n lktle4tngeroBs;Secofidiy £0/ Ainttke • ThsfeaittthnefrettMckfb Mherthto Jflwdt lying to tht SorsLth-n^i^ Ci^0 Florid4^%ml coveral for tihe moftparl withtwMtiAi6tul tiid lift w bn&ei growing t>n them. ITbey ftcm It nUftmcfif tol>eire « rbferoblaocie ^ 0101 Ma* I palil^ or JH>i«id co'ftikefy u the NUrtyci in iPri « nitwe tkaes ufiiaMy were • which occafionod tbeSpimiitds fofo QiMie tbetn. ' Fii trery daa^ geroai to come too Deer them ; but to.hiiio Gght of them is of great ufe to men at Sea : ~^or bypafliing thefe rocks, and leaving them tht ^South-eafti they certainly know, thae they are now entred tht Stniu^ not of Marti* Un^ which lye many thoafands of leagues rur- U ther V^i ' * » (fool .^:\*'T .v.- v.! ^ , ■ . -i ,.' . 'llal . • therSoiachWacd||of which wft(hallTp^^ doe placej bat oiBuhamd ; thac is, chat they have left the OceaOy and are fallen in among thofe many Ifland^ which doe^as it were Bar-^ r^4i/0 and block up the EaRern Coafts of^- mtrk^^ lo^tiAt Nombri di Di$s and Terra finna\ as they call it; through which the paflage to the Continent is Ibmetimes dange- roof, ty reafon of contrary windes ; and al* wayes fuch, as it requires the skill and care of an ciperienced Fiht to condud the Ships well thither. Thirdly, BshMma, lying weftward of Cupi Ftmda, famous for nothing but only for giving name to the Strelts fo called, which run betwixt the Pm^fuUof FUriddtnd it, with fucha violent courfe and torrent, thac although it be above fixteen miles broad, yet | many times neither winde nor Oares can prei vailagainft it. Fcuithly, Guanghmih thefirftj piece of American- ground that was difco^ vered, and named by Chrihfher Cchmiml Saint Savioffrs, or SalvaJkr^ as hith been bid. I '^ w > > # •»*, , I ^ > t/... ■^**\'U f-UM'CHAPi > < ■ ' ■ *< ^il •■! ;■ i.irJi;",-; ..I J r < r) l|T- #. all rpeike in is, that they in in among it were Bof :k)aft$of^- $ and Tf IT4 I which the times dange- idei; andal* II and care of ht Ships well weftward of iing but only > called, which p/orjinandir, torrent, that iles broad jet Oares can pre. iihanh thefirft tiat was difco- thtr Cchmtm\ as hath been i'r .\r *> f -' > ■/::;:•- '..it i^r •"% -#• :t^Mt*ti^# '^^ i;a "Sitsitmr ^:^ Cj'..; '^^t'-*-'vI-r3^" ?.» 5 .. ' V. y J i> i t'-' ■if ,1- |i» '• Chap/ VI. OfCdliformia, .4<.*lf.'i*t,., ^ '<• . I ;i!vP^ fiU^ii'yu :-^m '^-i::;' I. I • /^ Allformia in the generall containetb V^allthofePcovinces of the Northern part of America, whither difcovered or on- difco vered, which lie weftward of Florida, Ca^ nada and Virginia^ and to the Northweft of NiW'GaMicia, up to the Streitscf^Mf^n^or that Sea» which is fuppofed to divide the Con- tinent of Tartarj from Amtrica : but more efpecially taken , it comprehends only thae large Peninfnla or Dcmy-Ifland (as it feemeth to be) which ftretcheth it felf from North to South, to a vaft langth, on the Weftddeof Mar Vermiglio, as'cis commonly called, and fometimes the Bsy of Califormia. Thtythac take it in the firft and largeftfenrcydercribe nnder the ntme of Califormia thefc fotir par- ticular PiCovincci, vijc. I. ^Hivira, i. Cibola, 3. Califormia, properly Totalled^ and 4. Nova \Altion. ; 2. ^tifira takes irp the rood Northern ind unknown pare of America towards the '''eft, reaching as far as the fuppofed Screic of \Amd!i aforeAiid (if (here be any fuch) or elfe U a joynirg . ^' m % J .v"? V" .•*••" ■ ■y ^- '■■>.)■ .S« .* .:'/« «■'! joyniag to the Continent f^fTartafy. It is likewi^ the btcreiieft «n4 leafl: fruicfuU pare of all the fP eft' Indies, efpecially for Corn, Cattle it hath great ftore, and paRurage good; the Countrie being for the mod part plain and !evel» and nothing elfe but pafturige : TheNa^ civti fifvir tnd Savage ; living in H^sirds, or gretc Companies together, after the manner of the T^Urs : to wiKNai they are NeigHbours; antl^ttit ift tioc intiprpbably thoaght,oftheir| race ; Tii^ clotththimfelves (vi^Ci. the Men J moft fjomtnonly ia that kinde of Oxes hide which v^ defcribed before, chap* 9^- under the i^me of Tiimiee Mem^nm s Tbe Women With little elfe bat their Mr ; notwithftaniUng the Caits. Yet fomeoiF them inhabit Towns ; th^ chief whereof, as yet difcovered, feem to b( thefe, t/f^. nAcm, Or %Achco, as fome call irj • fmall Town, but feated in % Uroog defenfibi place, having fome fmall quantity of Cotto^ growkig about it. i.Tign^K», •Towak4Be( / upoi . tit'-'-'' it, ■■ ^'■'■: ---• •» r- .yf/> • up6n the banks of a Riyeri bearing^efiniit name, and inhabicedi ic feems, by a ftout and refolute Peopie^and whom theSpanidi^comtag among them in the year 1 540, had much adoe to Mailer. They endnred a (lege for the fpace of fik weeks together; and at bft finding themfelves fo ftrongly begirt by enemies, that jtherewasnomeansofefape, but by death or yeelding a() themfelves, rather than they would |fail alive into their hands, they firft buried and fpoiled all fuch Treafure as they had ("wMch [were chiefly Saphirs, and a few other Gemma that the Countrie afforded) and after that fetting fire on their houQiold-ftufi) they took their Wives and Children with themi and» lade a defperate falley out upon the Spani** irds; wherein, although they were moft of [hem (lain , trod under the liorfe feet , of Irown'd in pafling the River, yet wa< tt not' rithout fome lofs to the Spaniards them(elvest lor would thofe few that were left behindo [eliver up the Town, til! it was fired about leir ears, and that they could no longer abide it. ^^ CicHscy anotlier fmall Town foiir« lyes journey diftant from Tiffutb. Tkt^ )ountrie about this place, although gencraMy' be all good padurage, aiid maintains aboan-' |ance of Cattel, yet is it Iboi^en andphiii, '<. y 3 that (?94) itiat fortlmoR one hundred miles together the Spanitrds in their inarch hither from Ntw- SfMn fonnd neither ftone nor tree, nor any thing clfe that could ferve them for a Land- mark : fo that they were forced, as they mar* ched along, to raife up heaps of the Country Cow-dung , to ferve them for direction in their commg back : which was not long afctr. For, not Hnding the Commodities they fought for, and fearing to be furprixed by Winter in thofe cold Countries, where they had no kinde of accommodation , they made Tome- what a hady retreat : leaving only behindel them fome few Religious men, of the Order q{ St. Francis y whofe defires to doe the Peo- ple good by converting them to the true knowledge aud worfliip of Almighty Godj procured them not long after, the Crown of Martyrdom; being murdred all of them favel one, by the Natives, and he not without much] difficulty efcaping their hands. 3* Cibola lyeth more Southward of ^i- vira, betwixt it and New-OaUicia to thel Nonh and North. EaO; : On the Weft it hath Utfar VermiiUo , or the Bty of Ca!ifcrmU\ The Aire of the Province indifferently tempe- rate, efpecially if compared to the (harp frofljj ajDd colds of^ivira. The Cooptric, for the :'.',.} 'J modi Ai. a; nod pitt level and pliii^} as ^Mta Is. Fevir trees at all in ic, eicept here and there fomc woods of Cedars : which yet doe aboundantly fopply the Natives botlv with Timber and Fuel. The ground affords plenty of Ataiz, and fome fmail white Peafe; of both which they ufually make bread. There is great ftore of Venifon, and a kinde of Sheep (as they fay, and as it (hould feem by their Fleece) as big as fome little Horfe or Oxen ; fome of their horns weighing fourty or fifty pound. But perhaps , by fome miftake of Authors , this Beaft may be no other then the Tattrns MexU eanus afore defcribed : whofe hair is extreamly thick and (haggie , arid of which they make cloath, as of wooll, as hath been faid. There are alfo Lyons, Bears, and Tygres in this Pro- vince, in fuch numbers, that the People of the Countrie are not a little troubled with them, and would gladly deftroy them, if they knew how. The People are generally well limb'd, tall of ftature, and feem to be a little more ingenious than their neighbours of ^hp^ yet they goe naked many of them, only vtrs covered before with Mantles made of skins: which are many times painted, and that with fuch curiolity and Art, asdoefufificientlyar* gue, that neither them felves nor their neigh*^ ;i-. ^ ' . ^ U 4 " tours /. 4>»' lA trifflqte, doe tnike theioi ; bat that they are thcf Mercbaiidife and Comniodicies of fome other Nttiofif , perhips of Cathaj or China, who, by the North- wqft Sea$, doe tnuta with the Maritime parts and People of^i^ . 4» This part of the Countrie hath bee^ f eafonabiy well fearched by the Spaniard^i but as yet nothing difcovered fo conuderable as to perfwade them to (lay in it. That which feetns moft obfervable » is the great Lake T^nuac, Gtuate alnioft in the midft of the Province;^ upon which, or neer onto it« they found feveTt or eight old Towns of the Natives, feme whereof contained four or five hundred of their Cottages oc little houfes, and were for- t!ified atfo with Ramparts^ and other works of defence ; fo as the Spaniards could not become l^lifters of them but by force and ftormi^g them : in the attempt whereof r^/fi^^Cor^- nado himielf, their Commander in chief, was twice beaten down with ftones, by the Na* tives I yet at laft carrying the place, he found in it good plenty ofMniz indeed, which was fome refre(hment to his Army, but nothing rife ; whereupon having named the place trr4- nada, in memory of the Vice- Roy of Niw- '^■'^■■^ ' , ' v'v'- "" • Spain, "i,^JBLi=;i J^i«/I^ lent him ui^tlmt*^^ departed, in tus^ reciuil iiomeward he f^ upon a certain Conntf ie i which he naoicd Tucajan, of which his companie repoU gitat matters: as firft of a certain River ciUeil Ruexy on the banks whereofi in the fpace of twenty leagues or thereabputSi' there ftamivno lefs than Bneen good Burronghs well* imilc; and furnidici likewife with ftoves or boti>hou<« fes,againft the cold, as in other Conntries^^ Sur^pff : a^aifo of a very fruitfttltand ple^ifanti VaHey, whidi- therefore they mailed Af$jfa J» C4^Axjm^iy of another ^teat f ^wn and 'XwAa torie theireto belonging, ca:lted ChtMUicMd^i an^ hftiy of the Valley i>i Nueftra ScnH&i- or our Ladies dale, in the South parrs of tlk> iiidTerrrtorie ; all of them; defaibedfor fuib rich and delicious places, that ibme take theti^r for the Camfi Etifii of America : efpccktl'^ feeing the SpaiiiariU were never known to vifir them the fecondf time; the dtfcoveries which' hive been oisdefince^ being only of the North-? weft parts of the Countrie along the coifts of/^^r Vitmiglioi and this tio further tkaia lonly CO give tk%tK Co certain Capes or Pfo* pfDontories which they met with , as namely \t . ?m^ ie St. CiMTA, neer to the tnouth of the [Riycr which thtyitl! i^w*/iV«rrf^ a.X4# <.;^^;'*' '•. fa$^ f^ Su Michael. ^* Lagi Ml urol '\ wbich bardereth on ^ivira : And lafily El Bsy Coronadd, Eafiward of thatr ^^ 5* CMformla, (jpecially (b alled^ is by ma- ny thoQghc and dcfcribed to be but a feninfiiU iothalf Iflaad, by reafon that the Bay which divides it from Sj^ivira and New-Gallieia, cowards the North runneth much narrower vChanjt doth Southerly : which made them think > that fomwhere or other at the North it was joyned to the main- Land of ^- mtrica. But later difcoveries have fou:^d it to be a perfeft Ifland, and altogether feparate J9:om the Continent. For ^oiit the yeer 1 6^o (ome Adventurers beating upon thofe coafts N<>rthward, accidentally » and before they were aware, fell upon a Strejt ^ the waters whereof ran with fuch a Torrent and violent conrfei that they brought them into Mar Vsr- miglH, whether they would or no, and before ihey knew it : and by that means difeovered that Califormia was an Ifland, and that the waters which were obferved to fall fo violent- fy into that Sea,towards the North, were not the waters of any River emptying it (elf into the Bay from the main- Land, as was formerly thought, but the waters of the North-weft $ea it felf, violently breaking into tj^e Bayi and dividing v.#» '-•;^ dividing it wholly from the Contineiitjc lyetb North and South, extending ic fetf in avaft length, full twenty degrees of latitude, viz^ from twenty two to fourty two; but the bredth nothing anfwerable. The mod Nor- thern point of it is called Cape Blanche : that to the South) Cape St. Lucas , memorable for that rich and gallant prize which Captain Ci- vendiji, in the year 1 5 87, being theii in hit voyage about the World, took trom the Spa- niards neer to this place. As for the Ifland it felf, it is not at all inhabited by the Spaniards ; whether it be, that they want men to furoi/h new Plantations, or that they (inde no matter of invitation and encouragement from the Countrie; or perhap*^ that the accefs thither be not fo ea(ie. For 'cis reported to be won- derfully well peopled by the Natives ; and that there were fouiid only upon the coafts and along the (horc o( Mar Fi?ri»iu/io twenty or twenty three Nations, all of different langiia^ ges. The Countrie aboundantly well (lored both with Fi(h and Fowli as appears partly ^ by the Natives; who take an huge pride in making themfelves gay with the bones of the one, with which they load their eares, and fpmetimes their nofes alfo : and with the fea- thers of the other , which ordinary People '■. / wcare weite ^flify ftkking about ibeTr witte • bue grmperfoofi and fiicbas will be fine itideed^ b«fec their beads ftrangely with cheniy and have cdihonly one bunch or them bigger than ordi- Mry hanging down behinde them like a tayle : Having no knowledge of the true Goil, they worship what the Devill wiU have them, thae iSitheSun* attribating to it only, theincreafe o^ttieir Fruits and Plants, healthfull Seafons, s^ moil of the other good they enjoy, or are ftfrfible of. Their government is (aid to be Qttfy Oeconomicall, euch Father ordering the aAkirs of his Fatnilie apart, without fubjedion toinyotherfuperiour; yet fo well itianaged, ^at they live in good peace one with another • ttotwithout many good' Laws and Cuftomes^ vi^c. That they allow bnt one wife to one Man, Thic they puniih Adultery with death, That they fufFer not Maids to talk or converfe with Men, till they be married. That Widdows may not marry, till they have mourned at letft one balf of a year for their Husbands deceafed, and divers others of like nature : which perhaj^if the truth were known, doe more properly be- long to the Natives of VtcpUot Ni^^ A fl49i^ tis, thencd thefe ofCalifirmia. ^ ' ^ - ^ ' ' ^ * 6. The places therein, as yet moft obfer ved, are only upon the Sea Coafts, vU, the Capes . St. Clara KS » ^■ .; . Ni, ...... -^^.y ifte • fettfe e mdeedi , and have :han ordi- e a taylc : Goijthey them, that he increafe II Seafons^ joy, ot are fold to be dering the fubjeftton 1 Managed, h another • Cuftomes, 3 one Man, eatU,That iverfe with idowsmay It ieall one |ceafed,and perha^ if poperly ber St. Ctdrd and Sf.LtK^ ithtmt tt 6ii SteNii- £aft of the Ifland , 4ootoftg towarda NtPh^ Ga/lida ; the other at the South- weft^ lookiog into the Sea and towards Aps. i. St. Crueu this is a krgts and convetiiei^t Hami, ndtfae from Cape St. Clar4^ %. Cahode las PIjfi«a more wiid\in the Bay. >}. Sr.AfiJriws^ntm^ thee convenient Haven upon aniAmdqfthe fame name. 5. St. Tii^me, m Ifland tttbe mouth of theCnIf, or Bay, of Aooct^ivcdly five kagneis in compafs/ ^ifir)g Southerly with Jn high mooiftaiilous potti^, linddr which m a conveiMtnt road fo^ ^ippiog ^'ahid tweiity:fife fathsiiis of water. Oa ihd «Hh&f fideiofthe Iflaod, iowaid^ tht fnriiaiSeat^ thertHia iid,%^<^AiUym'iiVi aUfeciSfitiirfaistid* vM with t pie^aQt^^^ ■ill 4. PinUa de Ui Cifmii^Troita the abo^niidarice of ihofe iir^e Boacis wbieh tfaeS.chericitogi^- netatty ufci «^d doe (mUCMiifr/j; ipvhereof jpeifaap»f6(r>e;ftoreJsiiiadei!bftre. f. V^hd$ Gttlerai ai^d'l^aie'Othtrft.i^ i^^r ^,uui '■:mrtm:. J. Mwva^t/tltkh is only.the nore Noc* theriy ipart f kitkudb,npf o^Awvb Ae Kocth as hr M Cafi 'Sfimco, iif ft df(co?erod € f. 30X ..♦!, * of the World, m the year 1577; tad by him ;;vfuiaied N^va-AIim, in honour of England, : his own Counrrie, which anciently bore that « ,uoie. They found the Countrie e:iceedingly iwell (tored with Dear, grazing up and down V the Hills by thoufands in a comt>any : The Men generally goe naked all over, the Women uling only a piece of a mat, or fome fucb thing in- . ftead of ^n Apron. Their houfes built only of vTurf and 0(ier • yet fo wrought together, that they ferved very well to keep out the cold : in the midft of it is their hearth where they make ^their fire, and lye al round about ic together^ upon ieveral Beds of Bulruflies. What chdr iTCdwns are, or whither they have any, is not yet difcovered. When the Englifli firft landed in.thofe parts, under Sir Franck Draks, tht . Natives of che Countxie imroediatly prefented themfelves to the General, brirging him fine prefents of Feathen, and fome Kills of Net- work made of Rnfhes : and che news of their .anrivall being fpread up intotheCountrie,it was not long before the King himfclf came and gave them a vifit. He was a perfon of goodly ftiture, cloathed ail over with certain 0>nie skins of that Councrie, the furrc where- of is exceeding fmopth and fine, and the only llobe of Nobility diere. He had many other Vj "' tall /»' '■♦-V-V-Vj V >■■!(■ 16 j) "%7 tali nnen attending on hiai, ind one that went before him, bearing fomewhat inftead oft Mace; at which there hung three Crowns, by fo many chains ; the Crowns werlc made of Feathers, the Chains of Bone; both of them very ingentoufly wrought. After thefe fol- lowed a great multitude of the commoa fore of People, but none of them without bis pre« fent of fomething or other, even to the very Boys. The King would needs have the Crowns put upon the Generals head, and (he Chains about his neck ; to which he coofented : and by that Ceremonie promifed, in the name and behalf of the Queen of Engliind^ from whom he did he came, to take them into hii prote6lton. So after many other civiltfics gi. ven and returned betwixt themj the King at length departed, and Sir Fr^nrai with faismen returned to their (hips ; having ftrft erected t pillar upon the place ; 6n which he faftoed the Arms of £nglani, with the Qoe^s name and his own, to remain as a monument of hia bcir g there, and of the fur render which wumadc of that Country to the Qgeen oiMngUnd. ^ 1 r4 ./►Krjyir I j: a • i V, ; ■ 4 , ,-V ■■■■/, l'^ ( 104 ; * • : ; u i li^ • I^T jEttv GaBicia is the mod Niirtbet- fyCorxtatit of all jtrnfirka, (hac to my parpofe by :tlie SptfiiancU. I9er&'ds cnie» tfae^are fc9Ctertd up andiomi 'it iU the jiaics of i^biftt ic isftt 1 huge difbnce, .nd&c die moft ptcc, Only ivhere the Mines 8M.' Je ft bounded on the Eifk tod to the fSouth with the Kingdoiti oiiMixko^ (bt Nti»^ ^dB:^ m the Weftivftfa the Gulf or Bty of i^iiAijirtMM. Northward, for fo much as is yet idiftoifmd, with J^ivlra and CVfc/ii; lymg fatwoifl eighteen indtwenty eirittilogrees of | ttofthtn lantudk,' tha( i% fvom £4 NMvuiiaAy niPOftfo naooed by the Spaniards, in the con- fines t/S N^^ Spain ^ to the mod Northerly A^oUa» of Cinolu, a part of this Province ,* jcoMAihigt as 4siiippofed|notniiichicfsthftn| thr«t hiindved leagues in ! Jengrfi, and in brcdch much more; and whereof not a tenth pare is I either ufed or freaaented by the Sptniards; The Aire is generally here very temperate, in< dining rather to hcac than cold, and fubfeAj now "'"S.."K i*WK^' Uyfvy' i'\1 ilcts ibtr€$o ^pricd, that le Spamtcdf. apindiown uge dsftance, rrc the Mines I and to the JulfotBtyof tnnchasiiyet ::jWji5 lying, Vht dogteec Oi i^jinthecon-' ^ft Northerly li Province; doch Icfs thtti indinhredAl la tenth ptrt is he Spaniards: Itcmpcratc, in-. W, andfubjefl ' now nwt and then to fodatn ftornis ofurain ;and great claps of thunder ; which yet doc not hin- der, but that the Countrie is held to bereafo- nably healthfull, and the people obferved to live generally to a good old age. The Soil, by reafon of the Climate, would be a little in- clining CO drought, but that befide the fre- quent rains which it hath , it is conftantly moiftned with fre(b morning dews ; which make it for the mod part wonderfully fruitfuUi altnoft beyond beleef : yeeldtng for every bu« ihei of Wheat that is fown threefcore • and of Mmz, two hundred for one : befide great plenty of Sugar- Canes and Cochineel ; both I whicbi notwithftanding the Spaniards are faid |tonegle6): in fome fort, imploying themfeivei rholly about richer Commodities. For the lountrle affords them good (lore of Minett i«. of Sylver and Brafs • but of Gold or Iron, lot many as yet have been found ; the Rivera plentifully abounding with Fi(h , and the ""oods with Venifon and fome (lather wilde ieafts. The Countrie generally more moun- linous than plain , frequently fliaded with Yooi% and whole Forrefts of theftatelycli Inc trees and Oiks of timber that are t^ be len. The People are laid to be fomewhat oft havering and inconfianc difpofitioo , apc^ to X* - r' ,- :*- tafce* •s ■ li -■■->-, .. 'l Ctke oBence; aqd . thoir|^ civitized in feme meafiire^tnd mide Ctiriftrsn? by the Spanfards, yet oftentimei upon fome ligtic diftafte given, chejr fcem willing to return again to their Woocb and Barbarifm. The reafon whereof in pift is conceived to be a nataral florhfolnefi ind unwiliingnefs nntoanykrndeoflabonrin this People ; which they labour moft of all to ivoid, and are fo wife, that they liever will be brought to it, but upon good wages : but on I checontfaiy, given to fports very much, t^i^J fii»og, dancing, and drinking out of meafurei; info much as 'tis thought, if it were not fori ihtfir beloved liquor,they would hardly be per- fwided long to take either the care or the F^ins| oflbsbandry. They are of ftacure reafonabi] tiU« dwcUina both ia Towns and Villages; be-l ing difUnguiuied into certain Clani or Tribes *| each tfvhercof is governed by one Chiefs but alf l»f th^m fubjeft to the Judges and Officers fehtKing oi Spain. It contains in it thefein^ Avfonr Provinces, i. CinoUa. 2. Couliacanl »• Xaiifcp. 4, CuMMlMora ; all of theis on tl \Weflern (hore. ^.Zacatfca/. 6,NeVif'S$fca]\ jMId 7» Ni^^Mtxieo, more within Land. 2. Cmi9M i$ the moft Northern part Hm'GHicU^ bounded on the Weft , witl Ipno ptr t of the Gulf or Bay of Calif ormhl 0\ ed in feme ftifte given, n to theif Ion whtteo; aothfbtaefi • oflabootin toft of »U to hcvetwillM iges : bat on ty DBUChf *•*• Qtofmcafutcj were notfoi btrdly be pet- ite ot the pams ate tcafonaW dViHtges;bc UirtotTribcJ Chief, btttiV and Officers nsinitthcfein I of them on t' e.Nt'if-BiM thin Land, otibern par« ,' ;hc Weft , wf ly of Caliform'Ji ^ ■;^'.^"- y/r,i*;i.'^ On theEall with a long ridge of Motlhtator; which they call Ttpe^fkan : Oh the N#tth with Cihla; and with CoM^^m im thcSoflth. The Ccanti^>beGde the general (ttvS&i^ of tlAe whole Province of iVe^ ^dUcis, yeetdi great ftore of Cotton- wooli,by reafon WfattdSFbotfc Men and Women heire are better ii^afieM; for the moft part, than et&where the Ai»eri^ cans are. Exceedingly well watered with Ri- vert, which defcend from thofe mountains 7rprf/^4ii, not above thirty ot fonnyUagtiei diftant from the Sea; and which, with t&e varietie of their ftreami and Meandroiti gli^ ingsy doe divide the Country into many and ood paftures, which are tikewife ftored Vffith boondance of Kine, Oxen and other Cittelo he chief towns of the Spaniard! utk^ i.St. hiUf and Jacib, feated toWards the $ea 6de^ n the banki of a fatir Rivera fothe thirty 4t urty leagues diftaric from thetowuif C^- die of Spaniards, ftiled tlitoe hyFriihep$ Th^rd, in the /bar 7^4, Ahiith ivaUtHey ve in thli Councrie ; Oscepi fomd feWold rtsoftbtfMativ:^^ «06k1i tb^ fouiOl, afc^c eir mftMcr/ p0ot^iyrfumid{k9 ; but^if^ce pitred (titin (^r df^Hfe a^ioR the Nbiivbs thofe' pirt^ WKlfta9]^be reititf h UTlitducqd. ,1 X a 2^CouImc4i$ f. M<-, /■«- Y i5 ■ /* ^l Cct^idcan lyeth South wariT of C«m coafting all alongfhe B^y of Catifermia, whtch it bach oa the Weft. On the Eaft it hatfi Ne^'Sifcaj : and on the Sbuth Xalijco. The Countrie not defedive in any kindeof nec^f- fary Frovifion, more efpecially aboundeth with Fruits of all forts : But the Spaniards look only at the Mines ; of which they have (bme few in this Countrie. The People were generally cloathed with Garments of Cotton^^ wood, when the Spaniards came firft among themi but yet never a whit the more modeft; being exceedingly given toVenery^and that in a more (hamelefs and beaftty mannerithan many] other Americans were, that goe naked. Th Spani(h Towns arethefe, i.Hmfitila.kttt on the banks of a fair River, diftant about dayes JQurnie from the Sea. 2. ^imU .3. ^l§atrAbarms, an old Town of the Ns cives, but new named by the Spaniards. 4. i| LeoKi an old burrough. 5. Couliacan, tl chief town of the Province. 6. St. M chad, in the Valley of ^rr^^ii , two leagui diftant from the Sea, in a rich and plentifi Countrie both for Corn and fVuit, and bui by NunneK, 4e Gufman in the year 1531,3' he had burnt theTowttf, and dedroycd a gr< , 'part of the Natives^iohabitsuKs 9f (he Cpunti 'ncc J*\^ .'4%^ \^ • f „,-,*>^i-v -i 4. !jRr/^^^ or GaUfca^zi (broe cSllIit ^ it bounded on the North with Conlman ; Oti^ the South wth fomc parts of iV^w?--£^w»r Oa ' the Eaft with the Provincie of GHa^alafara • and on-theWeft with the Gulf or Bay of C^- liformi^ the Councrie chJttly fertilia J^^rit;. and Mtnes of Silver ; not altogether fo apt for herbage and pa&ure, as fbme other Countries about it. The People were CaAnibalfi, before the Spaniards came among thcm^ and did eate Mans*£idhf were much given to quHrreiiing. and Contentions amdng::iheni(€jvel ;! but by\ this time ^tiis fu ppofed, are tea fonabl}^ well j^'*. claimed both from the one ^nd theother. ' in f this Cbnncrie , beddemany other'i^oiidty 'reaiiisr ia^ the great and fani )as IBdvctMaraf- 1^9 on the banks whereof are leated mo(Lof heir pnncipall Towns, wijc. Xd/i/^d, which ives name ,to the whole l!irovince» and to a trge Promontory or Foreland on the Wc- ern toaftiy which (hoots it felfout into the ay oi Guliformia, right over againitxcfr£iia (landsrwhich the Spaniards call ribr Thrn arksL This was an anciefK Ctttie or Town f the Natives ; but facked and taken' from em hy^^ilttwieiu JeGufmaht in the yttt't$ ;•« Comf4fliJia, novp the ohitf City of the Pro- it\cc, and % Bifhops Si?av 3 . L<$ Pm^ficdtitm, X3 afnittt / ( p^ ) t fmill Town on the S^Mt cowit 49 tlhe con2 fiiids of Nm-Sfdn^ 4. St. Sthd^mi $. isi CUamitAf, fo cilkd isom iht River upon Vfb^ it is baik; bivfflg rich Mtofs tif filver ro!ini dbout it ; tiM cfiec^fof e mMe a Colony by Sratwifcm Ji Thnrr^ above mentioned, in theye^r i 554. - • ^^^^ ^ v.- ^ " "^i- ■ li^ ^;^i^.:i4 b?- 5. (S»Milaiara^ U bounded oil the Weft with JM?/2ra ; On the South, ana South'^ weft WuhJl^v^SfMini pn ihe North with ^4fC4* H^di. A iCoDfltriu exceeding plqafimt , and f icfa in all kmde of Commodtttci^ hnt efpe^i- ally in its Mines of fiker i Well Watered with the River ibir^tfM, whick runneth tbrongb the ^UA^fiti and viiiih divers od» ftr^tni: ifeelding aBomdantC^^ both Wheat » Mm^i and fiundotber grain* In a word^ tbtrti^ Mr ihiftgfakl ctFtle properties of iVi^^^niSS/^ititi geneial<^ either foi^oik^ CiiiBatei orPeoplei biYis pdeuliarl^ vdrified of this Praviocir. Jhe cttef Towns' whereof are, t. Qmikbima»\ vAicb gives name to tl$ whcitle Bi;«#^ i tovvii thirty leajgaes Eaftwsrd oi^ GuaiaMara y bn. iag a Frontier piacoi auu built 00 piirpofi: to fecure the Countrie agatdl tfie CmtfmHc^ which ara a barbarotis aflduhreduccd Veoth of the Noilh-Eafi: parts of dbis Coaotry ; m6 harbouring theaifeive$ in Ca^cf uadoc^Jrottia in the thickell of huge Woods and ^^ti^ doe oftentimes tflue out and sialte foul ipoil H the Countrie where they come; and wopidoe muckmore harmc, ifit were aot roi^iUs Gat- rifon. ' ^.Del Sfiritn Sanu, bitali bjr ^ Fouiuler of the other twOt vi^* J^uj0§t ^ Gufmtm aforefaid, in a' part of the C(i|t||itrnt which they call T'f^ff/if. ^. 6. the Zacatecas, as tliey call 'MfMi tif* bounded on the South wjt| Gudialai^rd •* qfr the Nosth with Nep-^aj : pnf Hyt Wtm with C$Macan, and fome part ^(XaUfco : i^ efpecialty the moi^ WdSara parcof ig tm rich in niver MiQe% no Province of tM||fl( ofJm^rkatichejtiHinq^ fb apt d^ker R|i Wheat or il/#^ Th a Eaftern parts of it aboundantly ftored with ill (oits oi Frqiti; the Woods every where repleniihed with Deer ; the Fields no lefs with Coro^ and every tree almoft giving entertain^ ment to fothe Bird or other. The towns are, i.Las Zacatecat, foorty leagues diftant from Guadalaiara > and four-fcore from Mexico, but neighboared with moft rich Mines; and therefore hoth Garrifon'd and alfo well peo- pled by thie Spjmiards : 'Tis fuppofed there are no lefs thdn five hundred Families of them in the Tovirn and about the Mines, t. St. Mar- tins J twenty feven leagues diftant from Zaca-^ tecas, and as rich a place ; having a Colony of four huildrj^d Spaniards at leafl:. 3. St. Lugas dt Aifinho. ^.Erena, lefler towns, but both of them rich and feared in the midft of excel- lent Mines. 6. Nomhre de Dios, in the moft Northerly pare of all this Cbuntrie, (ixty eight le^ues ditbMit from guadalaidra,zni founded by the a^oretaid Francifco de Tharra ;* who ha- ying fubdue'd and quieted the Natives , and tKcreby gained to himfelf the Government cf ^hefc Countries, granted the propriety of fome niver Mines both to the Spaniards and Na- tives ^ and by that means drew fo many of i ifaem thither, that in a (bort time it became thw' tbicfcft and beft Peopled town ofthe wholel ^*'( ' ' Province.' ►red with ;ry where ) lefs with entertain-p 5wns are, ftant ftotti I Mexico, lines ; and > well peo- ,ofcd there ies of them i. StMar- ifom Z^ca" i Colony of . St. Lugas s, but both dft of excel- in the mod , fixty eight md founded a ••whoha- ativfes, and vernment.cf ietyoffpine :ds and Na- fo many of It became thw^ of the whole I Pcovince. Province, 7, Durango, in the Valley of (tm^^ diana, eight leagues difliant from Nomtn JUi Dios. 8. Xires ^e Proi/^^r^/ a place built oa purpofe for the reprefling of the Ci&fVi&fM^rr»~ aforefaidy and other Savages that infefted thi) botdtts of GuaJalaiara, in the regencie of the' Marquis of FiBa Manrique. And laftl^ St. £f\v^, built by Alonfo Pacheco, in that part of the Countrie which is called Vxi^^ tipa, and Peopled by him with a Colonic" of Spaniards; bfing diftatit abont twen*-; ty leagues from Panuco in Ne^" Spain 9 to which the whole Countrie oi Vxltifd otii^ belonged. '- \] , v''^'^^"^' '•'. ....^\ 7. New Bifcaj hath on Ihiapuffitlie^ji cateeas : on the Weft the Countrie of CimlfMir Northward it is bounded with iV^tt'- Mexico f the Eaftern borders of it looking towards F/o- rida, not yet well difcovered ; To called by thc> Spaniards only from its ndghbourhood t& Nei»' Gallicia. It is, as the Other Provincet;^ exceedingly rich in filver Mines, and hath fomW alfo of lead : which ferve principallyy as fomt fay, for the refining or purging of the othk Metal. The people generally of a ftoiic and re^^ folute difpofition , and with mtich A'x&txAif Ifubmitting to the yoake ; yea the Spaniardl Ixhemfelves confcfs, there rcn^in yet to thii ■,*>>**# fJ.'-'-'-w, 'MiVF-r.-t*-' ',|-- M- ^ . (314) day fofir great Towni unreduced, though they lye ) as it were, in the middle way, betwiit the Zacateeas aforefaid, and the Mines and Town of S$. Barbara of thii Province. The Spani- ards call them Las quatroCeinegm^ or the four Quagmires, as lying perhaps in the Mari(hes, or in fome fenny and lower parrs of the Coun- trie. The towns which themfelves hold are ii JSu Barbara^ fkmous for the rich Mines about it. 2. St: fobns, equall to the other, and not above three or four leagues diftant from it. 3. EnJe, the moft Northerly town which the Spafiiards have in this Countrie/ di- ftant about twenty leagues from the o- cher. Thefe be all Colonies of the Spa« niards, and built on purpofe for fecuring the ^ 7. Ni^-Mixicp (as 'cis called for diftindi- 021 fake) is bounded on the South- weft with Nc\^'Bifiaj ; mdire diredly Weftward with fome parts o£^ivira : the Countries North- ward of it, Qot yerdifcovered : Eafiward it eipteods it felf as far as Fhri4a. This is,without tomparilbn, the largeft Province of all iV^W- GaBkia, having ht€Q ibucbcd and difcoverad by ths Spai^«c4f aboi» one hundrfd^ fome fay a^09;etW4>bm^cd leagues dijrejfitly Eaftward tad tio cl^ North-£«(t ; and they report won- ders Wtl$ i n^ui - ioughthey >€twixt the and Town The Spani- , or the fou« c Mttiftics, flhcCoun- es hold tre rich Mines > the other, gues diftant fthcrlytowQ lountric, di- :oni the o- of the Spa- : fecuting the fordiftinCK- ith- weft with eftwatd with ntrici Nof th- Eaftwtrd iP hi$U,withoiit ad difcoveced ^d.forocfty iftlyEaftw^td report won- ders (Vf) den of it, if we may beleeve them^ in rcfpeflLof what wm generally fiwina m chefe HormK^~^pixt^-^£^ at theic firftdi&overy; as namely^that they have Towns fairl3rand well bniicoftiipe and Stone, hou- fe%of foarjQkori^ kigh^ amlmoft of them pro*- vided with ftoves for tbe winter feafon, as well :^s any in fivr^f f : The ftreets fair and broad, and the People as curious and expert in dlyers Arts and >l^ufa^re^ as any of theirs. More particulfrly they tell us of a town called Chia,, of^^e Province of Cuapfes^ fo big, that it is faid to contain eight feveral Market- places. JtlM^th^F called jie^mss arg,reat Town, but edited 00 (he top of an bigjk Rock* without ai(»y or^i^y way of acce(i|to^^it|bii^by«paH^ of (hiirciJI^wn outofthe hard ftooe;Qt dfeiqi! mmin bidders v^h the lahabicants let dovw a»4 tiko^ up at they pfeaft . And likewife oft third, wllich th^y call CqM^4/» containing, aa ^y fay^^o l^frt^nfei^ leagues in Imgthi 8e itbout; iMilf at much in breaddi^ fcated uponk^ Lake, b^jt (cat^eringly bi^l^ and much of thi^ ij^e tii|(^p upvyidi njouncain^ and many Ate QMden^ ,, i^ tbe midil^ of Mirhicb the Towm ilaiHkth. Tbii is, c^rtatfi, tb|t the Countrie, Id wlHy vyhofe report and incoaragem6ht^*Jfiyr0ii« ieJSBfeio, a Native 6tCorduh, but ihdfi dwel-- lingat Mexico, raifed, at hisowtlthargesya Band of an 150 HorfemCn i"'and with': a competent number of Slavef, Beifftsdfcar- riage> and other necel&rtes, und^rtd^kthle bu- fineffi and diicovered many Nations^ as the ConchhTohfi, Pajfajudies, Tepoamf,J^ireif, and divers others j^Rilf marching on till he ai^« rived at a great Rivera vyhich he named' Rio dei T^dt. Here he nade fomd (lay 'itid daufed theCountrie on eath fide of the RtVei^ to be called ^mfa-Mexicaha , and a City to be built, which he lilccwife mmttNt^-Mexiei. It is feated in the 37 degree of Northet'n lati- tode, and diftant from Old-Mexko font' hun<^ dred lesgues, The name whereof is fincc changed into that of 4ff. foj* but the dignity of ebe place improved : being at prefent thd Mfcropolii of that Province, a B ih9ps Sea, ihc x^-\ yvdhuti-* loobilcft ;oa;■ Yu ifv^^nivoy^^ :*!l;1o rjlco***! *tm J^'-i^^st^ c ,■■ Vi, • -<:^.V; -.r.. ■I' T He Kingdom otMixico.ot Nm^ Spain, was formerly, thtc i^ be- fore the Spiniaurds conquered and difmembred ir» mudi larger than now k is ; for as much as ic comprehended the whole Province of Nt^'GnBitia, and reached from the furtheft l^int of the PimnfuU of ^ttentan Southward ; as far as Nt^-Bifcaj and the confines of O- iifirmid Northward : containing in length feveti hondred leagues or more , and about half as much in breadth. But fince the con- quell by HermmJo Cmn and his followers, Mie whole Countrie of Ni^^Gatieia is taken fidmity and made a diftinft Government, or AtiihneU, as the Spaniards call it, of it re|f» The Natives of the Countries of the race of the Chichimec£» a lavage am wilde fort of People of the Province of 2Qw. GalUcid, erpe- cially in the parts of ?QrP'Slfc4y^ living in Forefts and in deep caves under ground ; ^iMie^Rerity doe (till at this day much trou- ble and annoy the Councrie thereabouts ; noe- withftanding all theendeavouriofthe Spani- • ardf, V - J^9L:: ?.^ fV ( 3^9 X ^[•■. i" M i *..»"f'T' i,ot W«^ tolls, be- Cmcmbred t as much covtnce oy [ie futthcft outhwafd ; (incsofC^- f inlcog* 'tad about ICC tte con- $ fottowcf », Wisukca ccomcnt, ot 'it,ofitfcf cof ttettcc Uldcfottof ^^, living m Act ground; t much ttou- Vabouti ; not- of the Spam- aidf| trds, and the Garrifons which they keep in thofe pares on purpofe to deftroy chem. About five hundred years agoe or more, according to the account of the Mexican Annals ^ divers Hoards or Swarms of thefe Chichimecd, wea* r) Jtfeemsy of their Woods and fubtetrane* ous dwellings, iffued out into the more open Aire, and fell down in huge mulcitades into thefc Southerly parts ofc^merica , which arc now called iMif ATiV^ and 2{eW' Spain : not all at once, but at feveraJ times, and under fcve* ral names, T/i>;. of the if iyr/?im/7W^ Chalet, Tt* fanec0, TUfcalteca, and others ; who fubdu« ingor dr^'mg out the People they found in thofe par cated therofelves in their room; And chough at firft every Nation or Company of them, as they came, feii^cdupoufomc Pro- vince apart by themfelves, and held it, is it were, in Soveraigncy to themfelves, without adctiowledgement of any dependance or fub« je^ion to theirNeighbouri, or thofe that .were there before thftn ; yet in traft of time, and by fortune of the Warrs, which they made one upon another;, they all fell nnderthe Govern- mentofoneKilig, ^i«. theKingof/f^A/rsr which was the chief City of the Province. This Kingdome, at the time that the Spaniitds Ifirft difcovcrcd the Councrie, was governed ->?r3 J *,■•! ^ Joac and f^J^^] fetfote the Spnu- r?« * ^ *j;Si« Su5 the better P«to£ ,haa( .4 0«» «J iSuii fttbmiffion to h« fflifti»n; tnd held m aa«^ ^^.^ ^^ jefs ,Gbt«i«nent. »«^' "X^^Jt petty Pntacci; thm thirty fc^S^f a i^rW *«* ^eiy one of w"*-;^*,^ bring into the field weieable oPf °K°; " He i« faid to have ^* ?li\S«nde?ofWs Sab jeas good: I jttft. affable, «?""f4jivy cvxSAons, which U by teafon off^^^fl^^aife of his Mce- »^ ^'Tr^^'wrn Ave him the confidence to llotf before hio^ gave n^ g,,,t Stf bi.^ob»*;»£(;,nfo fo^^^^^ Ihanotheiwife : b«ne*"" ^^ftomc, which Siitofthiia by-<>««JXS^^^ iheSacri- &Me»can. ftSrSnnerwas.whenfoevc. fidoaof men. Thar miM^ ^^ „ ^4 ^■t r who by the Sp««- tetpartoi toWsDo; flion to his m, no lefs ly Pfihces ; fibute, and ntothefieW ifaidtohave rood Prince, bjeasgood: KoM, which ofhiiAnce- confidcnce to tple, a 8i«»« fwiUingly un- by confttMnt, erexafperated Iftome, which| vi*. the Sacn- M,whcnfoevc! doing honour thtli, asthej wofmenftora luedPtbvincei f octree .handJ s^deoAtcb mis mthy niai tslheytb<>i}|he goody CO be ftcrificed ; wkofe f}e(h likewire ftfcerwardi t6^ did eate in a folemn Binqueri Thil being a. buli0e& of their SacAhicall Rdi^ jgliohv «i^d MottKMm^ a Plince eicremely fu- perftitiods aiid devdked to the fenrice ofhis gods, ic is faidy thit be facrificed commonly, oneyeer with aflocher, cwen.ty thouftfid meor and fomeyeers, apon extraordinary oceafionsy not lefs thanififty thoufand : So great andirie-^ vous a Tyranny^ by the jufi jadgement and permiflion of Aimtg!ity God, foi their gi^at and unoacural fins, did the Enemy of l^n* Kinde eiercife upon them. He was! like wife miich jgiven to W<>men ; but it was only tQ fuchas were countedhis Wives* of which he lisftid to have had no lefs than onehondrei and filfby with child by him at one time. 2. Ci0r/#«» that fortanate Snaniird, who irfl conqaered this rich and mignty Kingdom, Toon diftovered the diftontents and ill affie Ai- ms which a great part of il^0rr«ivi»f4i People ^are towards his Government ^ and^refohred |o make his advantage of it. Where* ' !, being already landed in the Ifland ^^is- iwi/, or CoKdmul » ar 'tis often calledi ^ )d having gained lus firft battel at P^tinclum, id after that another at CintU, where, with • ' '•r ■#**»«if. a hindfttU '» f/^v tU) fomelipife^lfvl t f«w f iec^ of Or4ini6^ hedefctftdm Array of fom^ ihf^&i^Ia* dlitis, lie quickly oUig(idi|if^9 wfATl4fi!^B4 to CA« gSKt with him i^mqA iM!0j(»r«iir^ ; »tid by ^mt no^Bfi dims othefi : s ikevvife dley di4*alfiftbiSliiiD both whk &ft mtidi towtrds Mexk§mi)iz coin- peteiitmifi^ of Mc0> tad at the fiege and tafcii^ ^ 'it i with tn Army of ta handfad (boawul: III seconjieiirewhercof, they ei^^oy tfthti d«|r nMmyg^eat ImDmitfes wd privi- Isdgie^abovttthaccftofthe^Mifri^Mjr:, wdio « tnantiec €fu«lt to thofe of the Sfioiard^ dicflidclvef . Mmwhm vm fo Righted with the fflcub of C«ft»%t tiid with thcfcvolieof | IbfQiny of his owa Snb^dsfroinhiaiiefpiB- cially upon hi$ gtifiing a third battel^ a«d ftdk* | iag of the lich towa of CM^a,, th^u: at the i ficflhe ffeet]^ admitted Umv^t^ Mixko^wskAl fooa after without much conteftatioo>ackfiow kdged himfelf VaiTal to the Emperor i^ King oiSpnim ; prdeatiog hioi ia theaatuK of a Tribute, at much gold at amoaatedtaoMj httodred aod (ixty thoufaitd Caftlfnt or pieot cf<:»ftUe^ which are faid tobenineihilUagi and ft vaa pence a peece of commoa moaey^ ]2JfMlmi(htttndi^ not long afcer^ upoafoaii .Ml "1 . differences! dki- 7: t • .V V, . V; iBfeeiift sfiegeaad isiadprivi- c SfViM? tiooitckfiow impefor M lintorpiec nineChilUoe moA money r. upoafom differences! diffaien^ growing tKstwixtibeSpi»jiar4s and People of M0^ich wd th^t n Ooyertior of) M$tezumas in |tie C^upciy, aamed ^^//^^-f po^ii, had put fom^ Spaniards (Q death, Mote'^ ^m»4 was confine^ ffi Cmi^ bji honfe, and fojT the mor€ ffp^iicy of his pe prCpp, a (Miir of Givei or Fe«46f I pQit upon his Icggi ; though l^eutceriy'di&lajmcd the faAof ^n^lfopoca^, aodcaufed him witl^ hj|s ^n sn4 fomeothera that were oomplicei^ in the bufinefs, to be pob- iii^qely burnt ig^ it jn the Maj:l^ place of \M0mpt and dM^t by ibe i^eoce of Cprtt^ Imfelf. The Me»cfOjB> provoked with the injucie and indigetty offered to ti^irKing,tii he ffiidA of h|i Royal Citie, and in the figbi; his People^ begjin to mitfioy andtake Arms the rd^^c of iheifPii^ce. They befiege the . niaids in theU \mk$ together with Mo^ ^.^^MRM^fTid pnft ffo hard upon tbenij that the ettccs »re j^en off*, ^nd Mft^tKumtts help fed for die cilaying of the tumult, and quiet- ig the People : and although they Jceep him iU under guard » yet they permit him to con^* and and difpatch allatttiriyaafrcelyasifhe ere at liberty ; to be attended by his Noble- and other Servantii in the full State and ^ iiy of a King ; only he went not abroad t fome guard of Spaniards were with him . 3. About -;■ ;i^- "Vif Y a ■f • ■■■• . •'"s. ■A W 3- '1^ wl ocb tar] feni prin come to Ver^ Crux, which Wa« a new Port towd of t^is Gountrie that the Spaniards had builciince^heir coining thither, and-had land- ed neer upon a thoufahd men ; which was in accident thai had like to have fpoiled thede- iign ofCortcK, and all his Cofli|)any at Mixi- €0 : thefemen being kntby fames FeUf^iicZi Governour of Cuba, exprefsly againfl; ^meK» and his iiieni upon pretence that they a£led|pre( not conformably to the Commiflion whicblpon they had received from him ; tnd gave hicfino I cure account of^ their proceedings : whichinagreat|fl:ie,j part was trne. For it muft be confeiTedi ^^r-lwan re^c and his men finding themfelves to havJat^/ fallen upon an adventure that was certainlylbore rich and good ; and having got fnch. footiAfilPrefi and interefi: in the Country already, by theifl?4w fuccefs and viftoriesi and ciuefly by theit ronwbou fed^racy with fo many of the Natives and Pebwppn pleofthe Countrie revolted to them, did alVhis molt at firfl, by a general confent, renoiincAvere chetr CommifHon and dependency upoAndt Velafi]$iez, and profefled to a6i imm^diacHiged from and for the King ofSp^in. WhatpfePad i tences th^y had for fuch a ref6!ution,feeitYing at leaft irregular, is not fo well known. Wh! ever they were, they proceed in it, and t ^ - whoi ■«, StE dtaam whole catnpaoyt (excepting only Tome fm who yet went along with the reft) choofe Cor^ rf«iflew for their Commmder in chief, ao4 appoint likewife^ by common cohfent) all other Officers of Juftice, both C* 'il and Mi!i- tary, among themfelves : and to give the bet- ter colour at Courtto their proceedings, they knd Portocorrero and ^o»mWiWQ of their prixv^ipalls, into Spain, with a rich ai^i huge prefeijiti to the Emperour, boih to make re- port of the State of the Gduntiy, and to pro- cure immediate Commiflion from hiiMaje- ftie,to proceed : after which they ad van ce co- wards cjMfArfco, a$hathbeen(ain, a Judge of ir> who was fcnt with Nartai^ to accommodate 'thediference^.-^^^-^^^^-^^^^^^^^ •-^^•-^^ 4< With this recruit ^^-rr* marches back again to il/f;viV0 ; but at fats commingfindes things tn a very bad condition. For the Me;Ki. cans YfCte now in an abfolute Rd>eliion, and made open vfrtrre againft the Spanhrds ; had blocked up thofe in the Citie, together with their friends the Haftrakecahs , and etthcr ftopped up or poflefie'd theinfttves tif afl the Avennues by land Ojt water : fo thitftwai lome time Mibre i^/r;^ tould j^t in With hi$ forces. But at lift i^ advantage of ttenSghtj in which the Mexfcam never tai^io figlir^ ^r yet to keep any vety '^od guard, he found a pafTage, and made Hirfttbtiringln bt$rorce5J to the great ri^joyting Uni incoiifagcifient his mcfi within, who Wtre very hard put to iti ■J. .■ :.':«jiwi'LM '>«■ ) by ibe numeroiii Hmcam, tad p^efled iso yeeld €heniftlves» ind ddiver itp iW#rr««iHr4^ But upon his coiming they took heart sgik^; and he with his frelh CoEnpaiiies fitUying out upon thf Qtizehsi eafily let them at f nether dfftaiic^. Bur ytfttbeir nambers were foc^ and fo infinitely (arpafl&ig his, being called in from all parts of the Kifl^ofse not revofted, und their refolutiott fiKli to deftroy or ftarvftthe Spaniards, as they wodld ueti^ier admii^nof fomuch as hear of any terms of AccoauBOdnT tkm; which {^ppu, profeced tfaeoi divers times : thsir general^ cry being notUng dfe, \m and truly chei:oodtiBtonof the Sps-r niitds was foch^ ind^he Moicans had disai fo i^oeh 10 their pcM^er^ if ttot tdkiUs yet at lead tdf ^rf e theffli by reafoa of their infitBic^i nu)^rS| whiclK davlyiocceired^ aipdi^beiag fo mttdb Mailera orlheCity both byknd and water, «nd iuwing broken down all, prmoft of Hhe htiifit$, by which only there wu Miffiig0 out of it| tbic the Spaniard would giadci? haMS been got., if they dnrft : but ehey kn^, cheif butomriag to tbiTc the City would bethelr deftmftion. Mexm isbnilc, like femck, opm the wattf^in the midft ctf an huge Lake, havjug Y 4 three '¥ ^ > ' . ' . i ... '?■ • ; . »-c* :lV ) • ♦ dir^only \vii^s to eQtiif:it% land, whti^ trt apoir three feveral Ciufeys* of a league; two leagues; and hair § leagDcJong ; and ofbq^ littl&breadth : on aJI other parts ids furround- ed by tihe Lake , which by fnndry an^d large Ch&fmels enters a^d waters the Citte in all the quarters of it ; where they have draw-bridges to pull fip and let do wn at f^eafare. At the(e paffes the Spanijard& knew, y^ery. well they fliottld beovetr po.wek'dl by their enefliicis who by this time were grown iorefoJateand hiirdy, that they feeni'd not cbrieat or regard death, hut in fight would tun defperately in multi- tudes ev'^h upon the moulhsof the^rdippnce: and dbubckfs but for- tA^ HorfriQen, whi(:h ilay*d them off) they would in a (bort time have rendred them in a manner ufekri, andi have choak'd th^n ty>D(^ai jt were) with ih^ir { own dead bodks. In: t|& hurly-burly and di- ftrefs the Spaniards, wfaif her hy force or Qthier* I wire,prdcured^<»^f^uirfl9«()vha wasiyict juittiQif power) to appear abaite opon a .Gallerk»^S flat of roof the houfe, upiMi a prc;teQce» tbn he fliould offer fomtermsaf accomodltionfram the Spaoiardsy and to (bew himielf cojbe well : But it wasiin a place, wheredie ftooesaod ar- rows flew fo thick from the jenctged multitude Mow , that AfcuzumM Jimitlf ref^^red a i . . wound, •^ «> t't-i.-i. \vdqfi4; by one of them, in hisiiead, fo unhip*' ^ pily, thac within a few diyes after he dyed oft it : a»they fiiy, who would not have the Spa^ tiiards thought to have murdet'd hiin • as the lyl^xicans fay they did, with divers other ^o« ble-men, and fomeofhisChii4ren/the very pight they fli^d. However ic were, not long z(ftr his death, out of extreain neceflity^ and chie0y for want of Vi6tuals, the Spaniards were farc<;d' to feave the City in the n f^jht time, ^nd with the lofs of four hundred and fifty pftheiirmffij who were fliin or taken prif>i ners at che^ paifing of a draw-Bridge ; the re%^ inakiDgAhfavy retreat to their friends-at T/tA ■ f^H^* There isr^ftanding at this day in Mexk^^ a'j^art titoeltipon the place where fo many of them wer||# ufekfi t ^^^ |killedv a ceM;ain Hermitage , which they call Us Martjre$,ot the Hermitage of the VL^- yrs; but vfs^j impropirlj, iaith mine Author ; heir own Countrtman ; for what rea(qQ^|> lUnot here enquire., t .%.,>^. ihm^^-'hjvfi^^^ 5^ This retreat of the Spanifnli^ oui o|^ lexicp happened to be upon the tenth of Jir^ after mid-ni^t in the year 15x0, whtcbthtf paniairds at Mexico calt the dolefmt m^r.}^ . levertheleft the undaunted (7ar/r««being got, fgedmnititudelhoogh with huge difficulty and tronble, by clif rei^idyed tiearon of the putfuit of the Mcjcicans for t d,wbtd>tre league; two 1 and of bu? isfurround- ry tvA l*tge StieinaUthc Iraw-bridges ire. Atthefij y. v\^ll they ^nemicijwho ite and hiitdy, regard dcaih, ely in multi- jc^fdipfncc: frinen, whkh ie>withthe^lr ►burly and di- orce 01: Qtber- Jallerie»^$fl« .te«ce^tb»he odatioaf(<^ly of ftcfli ), being in tU BdHorre,tnd hejoynshia- of TUfi^H^* dcedthoafatid d tod Water, |)6ntheLikCi J Bottf, which ^tociitad WmJ xm on LtttlJ ■rov&ion ftoin of full three ^utand obftH tie within, in ibovcahofK drcd dted tboarand nien» befide thofi^^l edfoy famine, ficknefsi oc othdrwire, tie took ft by force upon tuefday the thtrteMthpf ifi». gfifi 1521, fatke it (if ft, thd rth^nbtnrhtictib the ground : yet afterwards he canfedlt^l^ rebuilt agaioi rat more h^fltuttfiiliy thanat^tft it was: as in doe ^itce we ftiall farth^Tt^. They fpeak not of above fiJftySpanWrdifltih dufingthewfibkfiege, fii^h6rief,ahdnt>Ciiia«- ny TlafialtecMs. In this manttei^, atid With fo Httle charges to the tongiieror, thefc ftM to the Crown of Spain the ticrn^ and gddtfKeft Kingdome (one of thcm)oftht whole W4*M, vizn die Kingdome of AffArfeo^which the Cbn- querors priferttly named Nt^ Spah ; MmI Ni reference to which name, the GathoKte JSn|[ faith ever 6h0e titled himfelf in the pliAal Bi^miamm Rtx , or Kit^ of both S^st and all by chtTalonr, prudence, idmirme M^ fototioii, and tttppy cdhduftoTC^rf^t ; Wl»^ Was at ni^flbdt a private Adventurer ittJEht American plantations and dilfirovericf, ttiM^ cithetwjfe ^ O^ntlemih tt it^ood FaMiiiciiii Spain, bom *t MeAi}^\ti Hie Counttfe Of Eftramedum. The Ethpttw j^harh tfhefifBi, Wh6 waa then alfo King 6f5^4iif, for hli great fervices endowed htm deftrvedly with m^ gnratahd Mb territories in the Provinctsof s f^iafe^Bd^ MechMCM, and other parti there- abouts, made him Marqois of the Valley, t/i«. ofGitaxdpa, (whicji IS his chief Tit fe) a rich .aiid flouriAiing Province of that Country, Captain Ocfleral, orCoromanderin chief,of ail the Military forces of N^^- Spain, and Ge- oeral Difcoverer of all the Mtritime parts and jGoaOs of America towards the Son th- Sea, jaffigning him in propriety the twelfth part of ^whatfoever (hould be difcovered^ to him and hijs Heirs forever : But denyed him the Go- jYeiliiment of^r;r/Vaout of reafon of State; l^qiqg^ 'tis iaid, he mach defired it. [^:th from the Eaft, to the yard , *bove . in breadth ibouthalffo orrid Zone ; noontainous otl 1 / m' or high feated, as fome others of jfufrnViiirif but for the moft part level or low ; yetisicfQ' fanned, for three partsatleaftoffour,by tlte^^ cooling biafts off the Sea, and the heats others wife To moderated with frequent rains, which ithith confiantiy three moneths in the} «re yevriy Cianlporced tbence. Good p^9M3P Vkmifk oo^ of Whetc and Mai^^ YMfkUiiky wi rj}fe of all forts : All kinde Qf jBllricn Hetibf , Roots and Plapits in fo great 4(0liodUQe > a^ad fo admirably thriving, t^l ' liaftaccely ca4^e lieteeved. -Whole Woods anil iorefts, at it mt^ of Oranges, Liannonsi Citroas and other fiich fruit, as hath been faid* SMie^ Cherritsr^ but of Apples , Pears , and figglh S^« bfyond meafure. The Natives of thi Qxantty very ingeniouf m divers Mecht* qipU Arts 9 i^ially ia maidag of feather* liiPium $ a p^ece ^ camfity, wherein th^ antJicAdciP be iaeomparably, or rather inimi- tfblyeKflkot; and fo induftrious at it, that akhcM^ the Americaas generally be not a Ef^e over mnch addided to any kinde of liboar or ifaidy, yet at this they will fit a whole 4v Woods .immoosj )6ea fiid» sati , HAd Ittives of ^sMecha- If feather - rein chey icr ininai- at it, that be not a kiode of ic a whole or drioki y have to leot in it. II variety rare and exquifti.^ escquifite (oloilf s 4 which i$ • gtm adtniitife CO their sl(iUy ind helps ^ucb to the accoosh fUftuneneofthekwoik. They paint Itkewife v)ery icurionfly upon their Ootfiomi and ate held ;o be generally the heft Gold-fioidit« the world I of moft perftA skH in the purging !Vid refining offtUforti of Mte^la, hue ttf^ ally of Gold and Silver^ And yer in other Ihiflgs fo ftr«i|^ly ftttpid and ignoraati iftiac when the Spaniards firft ^qppeardainong them Oil Horfi^ha€k , 'tis repor(»d^ not a few of them took che^ Horfe and Man boihibr one Cteacure ; a^d when the Horfe neighed^ ^^ wrd«,. the hofders iifNiw^ GjJ^ ticMi and iiehietfy Atmous for the aboundeilce of good Salt thaiis yeerty suade end tranfpott*- elthenoe* lht^0&^t<>(JkkxkpHtltKht^ and goodheft (one of theei^ in the Worlds ofdrci^arfom^aedcoeiaiajng, ea foeaefay, little lefs cKsaninchimdrdd miles 10 cooipafr^ virooed with the mwlMni^tht PtftinfuU f Otpe of timi^^ ^mMMk^ and the Ifland Wfo ; having two only pa(fir8ges in and out^ . end ■J •■' *. ':* ■^ of ttem Well fortified :' the Stir be- cCwiit the point otfucatan, and the IRe^mia, mhcte the tide violtatly entert * ind thif4>ttier Jiecwixt.the faid Iflind and the Gape iV^ff^j, ilvhereiK goeth as violently oat ;:iipon ivhicli .Galf the King of Spain hath thmiet foi^f: goodibips in readinefs foralioccaiio;iis;and by them 'cis ^ fuppofed^ he doth moie aiiure fm Eftatesin thoCe psrts of Amema, ihtaf^y tll\ bit Garrifons bcGde* '^ « >»■ ; r-« .i* ■ ii.f iu-»nW ' • ^ The whole Kingdome of iV^i^-- Jp«i» is fi divided into thefo inferior Provinces , ^i.%. , _^' I. Pk?;;i/r■;■>■■':'":■■■' ctii jl* fetf ihtd thcP GulR The Cmxi^ \% recltoiied co be ab&ui fifty leagues in foiigtb, and iibt much lers in bretath ; of i firbitfull Soiie, Ksving fome Mine^ of gold in ie^ and once very Populout, till iHirnattJU CmtKtni, the Sptttiards, about the year 1 5 2 a» di^o^ pled it by their cruelty. The chief towns iioW remaining and inhabited by theSpaniirdi are, firft St. Lewis deTampkiy a Coloflly of Spa* niard$ lituate on the Northern bank crf^ the River Pknuco, atjthe Very nobthofiC; Where it hath a very large Haven, but fo birl^ed With andf, that no (hip of any great burden can nter or abidein it with fafecy ; and yettheRii- er otherwife fo deepi that Veffels of fivehtin- red tun, might fail up threefcore leagues at id within land , and thereby vi(it the rich inet of Zataticdt on theoneiide of it|and fNei^Bifc^y on the other, at plenfure, and ithoutfearofmuch'opp. ^^■:-^^-:r7^^yy '■4 1 JH Nil 49fmf<^'Qf the OMiii(i^,«g^inft tht S#vages. nil (WQH^ty fife Jngn^.diftanC (tam St^Ste^ vM»kfiJP»irH^ lyi9B in iQ open or Cbampaio Cqiifiuy^ and i^ffnc^d about with a wall of > 1 8i M^clmcm hath on the NorthEaft f 4- jiM^«i'»oii the Baft M$^icUmai properly fa cal l^i, wi the South pift of TUfcatU; ^^^^^^^Ipidi Weftdw inaiQ Qceio» QtM^tdil Zur 5 andl jg ji la(t Qt aiU more dire^ly Northward Xf/f/iTtfl^ which ia a Pcwncie of Ne^ Galfkia. ^imspui name iigaifieih in th^ Aiperican iai^nage, f ' much tsaiFifiC9Hnttfi ^ Co it if, having loaD fairJEjI^l^i and Ri^f^s ini it aboundancly w( ftpred wUh good ^ySk- The Coo:?try fo exce diHgly pifl&^t |nd healthfull, that'tisofo lot 5ci|: pff ions ofothec Provincea to c< hither to reco^r th^tr health, only by the nefit qif a good Aife '■ '7'^?'i.'?'~ ' "^ " ■ ■■*' - .*'t^, t He0if>s afi4 Plaiic^. %( ff firdetfa giCKid flore of AfiibfitjH^ (he $er 0^s> Mkilbarry- crces» & 40Hfe(f jiencly Siikf ; mi^ch Hocey. waxand dU v^r^iQther Cocninodicief , both tm ntcttRtf mi^pk^^re. The People :of the Counecy ace gcner^ly (ally of a ftrong a&ive fMHl]r> anda goo4 vvjt, efpeci^Uy ia compaiifon of other Natives ^ not unskilfull in divers cw^toosMa- nufaAares; and the moft excellent Feacber- fcatU ; otithel Pjdurers,afore mentioned,are faid to be found dil ZMri^%k this Province. They feem more: generally inclined to the hamors and cuftouies of the SpiOfxrdS) than Biany other Americam ; ami received the preaching of Chriftian Religioflf when time was, with CDuch wiUingn^ ; fo thac the Country is i^w entriely Chrillian, and di- ivided into feveral Parifhes. There are faid to in it one hundred »d fifty Towns or Bus- ^ ouglks ( befide maiiy ftaitcered ViUageO moft which have free^ Schools erefted in cheoi, ar tbctraining up of youth in ChriftianRe- igion, good literature and' Arcs; andftwof hem wtthoue an Holpkall for the fick, of rhicb towns thepriacipaUartfadiaslbUoirt i«. ^imj^^mt^($, the i(i«t fftl^ ancient Kings 'MfchiMom. %. fiff^nm. i Ciiy^fburty fe- k«fli|Qsdt8inc,f^^ once aU- vf -V f.. / -■k i . pen Spsi godi T ^. r^/Mifi^ the Mttrai^bHibt^hief Citf dF the Province, fince the Epifcopall chair Wai removed from F^y^Mr thither. Iclyethupon a great Lake, equill timoft for bigneft'to that of Mixico, and is about feven leagues ^ftant from Psfcuar, towards the Eaft. 4 St, Mi- ehaels, a good town, fourty leagues Weftward of i1fmr9, and in the way to the Z^c^f f r^, but lying in a road that is (omewhatdatige rouv being not a little infeftedwithSavagetlof al on both fides of it. $. St, Philips. 6.L4ConMpQf^ tiptim de S^laja, 17 leagues difiant fronflchitN ValUHid, and a convenient ftage for TravelAf j]y fi^ lers ; being indeed, with the two laft mentilzed j oned, built chiefly for the defence and fecuriB^fi j^ of the Country againft the Savages. 7. Guax. note, a Town on the borders of Panuco, when tthere are Very rich Mines of filver. 8 U •li, another Town likewireofvery rich Mine twenty four leagues diftant from FallaMi and threefcore from Mexico. 9. ZammlKfeiz^ lOi VilU deU$ Lagoty and others. Towarfl ^;, the Seal there is, i.A^dtldft, but two iniks fd ^'q ftaht frotn the Coaft,^ and a fmall town ; by reafon of a fafe and very good Hariioi which it hath for fliip^g, a place df Ho litr Cfadihg. 1. Ndtiviikdi 'another wdt kno ^ anil ^cdnv#iiieiit Haven' tt{k)h JM^trt ^tZi pertaini [.ta gtini em( refid oftii ^%i\t. ^ otbe khj odoi romc royii it ^--^/■':^-- pettiiniog to tUsPr^iote, tnd from whence fiNy ufually Tec (til for t^^ thilippim Iflands. 3 • Stk:fdgp de hfien^ Sfiratiz^, to called by the Spaniards » pertiaos fcom tlie aboundance of good PeArls they lOiHid upon this Coafl:.4.C0- ljm^:i f. Z^fir ■' J \ ■• A :iL. ', -*?-i--' >J^ T >, and f kfb Comlify, cdiVtaiAiijg^ tiM tmdaUfk than bfte >^df^ ahi ihilty kigi^abetiim kftgttiarhibTedch; tfi4 if it yeelds |iiyAtii| CO Pfr# in^ ttie plenty olF gold ttidAlv«r^%s cercaitii it Vsach exctUf it in many other com- 1 mpdities : l» nainely iti nil forts of Frincsj aboundlMid! of Cactel^ plenty of CorHi and Grain ; in ^U which l!4i6 ii?intage wWdi tMi Cottfitr)! Iiirth, riot only of Per$t, boc of all thel other Prptinccs of Jtt^erica befideyis welll known : ft^ to (peak any thing of th6 great i:4ehty and Variety of good Fi(tl| virifidiftbti |hc jElifers and Lak^ of this Country aflford whidhliJyet^ greft :in(bmuch that the vttj tribuce oFthe oiie I^die of Ulfexico h fi^id t yee'id in Incoine of it^e twenty 'ih^ufiii Crown* yeariyi onfc iiirkhlfiother. TyPco fie of the Country kre generally itidilfttfo tnd.a^^ivdytrpecially fineetfae Spiniaid^cai «n^tig ] then ; ridi^ MiiclMHirs; if tb^ app themfelyes to it* ahd th^ lay iikewifego 5e^tet^\i^ thc^are tramed and ivtrpUS/gt that wiay. The chief towns and places ^tb TfrS^rinttttt^ t . t^3krfVcNr,8e c^tllR lin ths^^oipafi 9f the whole , ithbul i^tQt, leigoet\^>inore : ii(»^ wMcli tjia^ wf thought €0 be nqt kfe^ffiiiQ/i&ur^ ^ip'^ifiy duiulan^ CMmas or; JkAbBciat^ c^tl^wily dying frodic one 'Vpitn^ioLp^^tiX ^Ifk the mid^ofifcfiiir Plaidi oil Qianpiign iufimd try^ contaioiag ItkewH'^flf ibth^lpl^ ll$ii^ Hhin fiit^or fef^ NiviroiiU yMl fooontiiny^of (cl gtest h^ij^ fhat tbf Jtq>S(of them arci^id^^ be c$K)$W^ illy MfaDM/witk bsl^i \M prefeiii krii [hooght.to b6 one dFcbe wbefl^ Qtic^oftlw Arotld;^ atemndtog f ifcet^ottsi iMetrue;) '%^ [iflidd of foiaptitoaik gaiMMry $nd Itfliy^i^ nm tqttxotfo: It il fnppo^itp %mm^W IxbrfeiQit miles ittctliiBi&^randtocojii^^ »ove id littiMlscd thonliod Hdufes Or Himhr ^ :s)Whfarenf ngtthetiMirkpaft Spsnia^dkiJ^I^' :-^, Z 4 ihofc I • ■I J.V '';VO"' (J44) tii^ thit uWi be stU Genclemcn^ I iiieaii as to thtficgirb^and manoerof living • fee tfaey live mifk (^tndiily in all ftrpe6ts, both for dyet 0d^jMppMti> For die firft^ we havefpoken fo nanth 'already of ^he general pfehtj^ of all I tfildgs In the king4om:of Nem-SpMrn^^ that JMSIftli^ CO thti patic 4>f pleafure, that it is not to (^doubted :iand for the fecood ilifs may be folbl^i^abfei tfi^'^tha^ fiiliCtt td^ fee an Hu-band arid Role all of I XHiHliottdsIn fdmo'ordinaty Gestkmani Hat; iii^bf l^earl among the common Qtizem audi Trad^fmenv ttie Coaches ("which rood Gen- lleinen teep) alinoft covered with gold andl IXint^ richly befte ivich preciouiifionei , and wiihin ordiiiarsly lined with clothio£gold>oi| ibt teft Chi^^\k thaf can be gotien : of whick JCoic^ tti cioie of year, at the AlmtJU, i\ ihey lill it, which is, as it were, iki Bid$ Pw\ 9fAtim0p and 9 pitce made of purpofeioi ttcfeation and^deUghc, a man SChalt obfeiv not feldome^ above a thoufand or two thou] (and Coachci , iiill of Ladies and Gallaot ^ming thither only eo cake thf. aire and tl jpl#albre| both che^Mie and the ether acttndei wfth^ a nnttierous train of fervanitind Mul taii0^ofboth faLa. In U Pis$iria,i^luih is bi on^only flircec intjtfixkh d# to the Vicej ' - .— Roy ;?.t . I . -. '.-"('PT-'-''- / Royi Jatece^ in left ihiiabalfanhoiKiftwCi widi' the toca of to eye, you may fceoimiciiii of wetl^ia Gold, SiJ vier ^d precioi^ Stpi^t in the GoiiUfiDUhs and Jeweliersihppi tiiet^ aboutsr In « word, there, is no&hingjpii^ff tJUixic9 &on being ebtjnioft abfelnc^'Qii^ in the World for delight tnd brftvcry^^M^ous ly two linconvtnces to. which it is^ fnbi^' l!ht onefliht^datageIof ch&Ltke ; with chfe.{96#i wheredf it may feem coHbe^tnolQt continnpl^ threacned, and in the ytH*iit9%iiii^&^^ fnflfec axttery great cajUmitjF tnbe wat(^^>f cs^t ing thtou^ the banks* rand drowninfjif rca( partof jEhe City, with jhe diftruAicHti^ii^ijp Peopki« mdthe lofrof tlKtheir goods iiiiiiifi^y^ througk the! avif ice (af -h fuppoCbd): -^f ]^e Vice-Roy that then wts^ and fo||i(t,9i)i9riQf the kings Officers , who diyerccd t;^;n)QA^y that Afouid have been knployed, fot^itie fot- tifying indr repairing of the banki , to their proper ufel. The other is from thei^atMreof the Sdiliind ground tfifeS^ on vvhichithfs Qty ftmdeth ; Mdiich is found ao have a tin^re c^ of ralt6uiid aboiK yeiy iMi tnd well nccotnmbdated with mil things, Tb« fecotid towfi of ihis Province is ariyr»r#, an ancieaft and fiiir Citie feared upon |he fame Lake fo #f leven feig«ei4iftanc ftbtn Mexico^ «o which icy eddecb fioc moch eitheribrbeau* m biariry. 3. J^kldifsir^i ^ a Citie built { wh^By tipon certaiii^ Iflets within the Ltke^andi thermre called fotatetitnes by the ^S^ards Vintim$iii, otLitifk-f^inke, haviirg Kisie onlyj paffige by Lattd to it, bvcr a CmfqF ^«f ^ ig^^*«bo»^ HMftiolds or ihctctboutf, ; >' cherotoitij liideagnesdifhntfffomTfyri^ and ab)Mit cwenty from Mexico. 5 . ^f jdii. caltzimp i Bttitoughof fbnrthoufttid Hob£- holds. ^. Cujfocan, ol 6x choufand t lAM chefe ace ftiCfd upon the Lake. Furcherfroin the Lake there is Chobtta \ ^ great GHie afid a rkb place I not macb inferkm^ CO M€xm. ' Anciently eUt Ocy was, at it. were, the Sanftaary of the Mexican Kiogf,tod the diief pttce of their barfairons afniinfau«k mane SuperAiiiont, where yearly not left than five or Wttoii(and IndiatiiCHildreiiofbodl rcxeswece faoriliccd toVJt^ihfuihtU^ tbitti» to the devik ' ft was I'kewift the chief bnryim place y:4ret)oart, they both dfsfif^d and t*^ pe£M. ^jjM^ftitUn , i/Town pleafimily feated upon^heiop of an hogc monntikiv in the midft ^\ iioft delkate Gr^^vts and flia^ Woods round j6ottC ic, attd reckoned to codl^ itaiot^not^leff than thirty t hwfa nd Inhabkwits in all, dwelling either in ahrCiciei or npott the (ides 6f the Mountaii?. i^'^-^ific^mii ! this is a Town belonging to^ the Marifaib ii^ Valh, who is of theF0tterity6fC#^i#«/and ' w- ■ laid i •ii - ',.1 1 ■ ■■^' \ >«• feated in the inoft delicionrpltce of nikNe^^Sptiin. 4» o^m^ii/po, a Towil feac- * ed opon the South^Ses, or Mm^dilZwt^ y^t Mopging to this Prorince. It it a Haven Town and one of the moftfrequiented upon tlie South Sea^ GrUate upon a large and capa- ctODS Bay of aboot a league broad ac the ene tnncCf and aflFording many convenient ftati. oas and Docks^forAiipptng. Attfae bottome of the Bay Weftwacd lyeth the Town, with a ficong CaiUe very opportunely built both for Ac command Jndiecarity of the Port, well ^uraliedand fortifyed^with Bolwacka, and ha-* iftog a conftant Garrifon of four hundred jS^dien ia ic,^or. thereaboufii. The reafon whereof I (uppofeinay bechieflfthif, vi:c. that fironr thk Pore there is the g^cAtrafSque and entercourfe' held betwiitr (he.Eaft and Weft-Indies, together with the PhiUppine Iflaodt. The Ctf nntry hath many rich Mines of/GUverin it,jind fome of Gold: the chief | of Which firft aio by Hf r/r« reporeed robe chefc, viz. I. thoic of Pmchmni fourteen toques diftaM ffom Mixko. 2.QfT4fc9, Cwanty four kagnea diftant. ^. Talpuiana, J^. CMltipi^Mtk 5« Z^CHdlpm- 6. ZHpan* ptit and aiveraiotheri .i: i ; t ^^.f i; ^^^ .; j ^ ^^ iQ^TUfcMUahtftomteofNew^Spaifi.l Li«l ' ' " " • which! Spani thefo refuii with andu ftedC and had enjoy Immi They -■,-j"-7f^r-p:^- ZTSJ^ *3 (;49) which eitendetb it felf entirely from one Set to another^ viz. from the Atlantickso Mars JitliSkry with which it ii bounded on the Eift and Wefl: parts • lying otherwife and fot the moft part betwixt the Provinces of iff f;^:JC4M4 laft fpoken of, and that of Onaxau which foiloweth ; containing in length , vpc. from on<: Sea to the other, not much lels than an hundred leagues, and in Tome places fourfcore in bredch ; but towards the South^Sea growing much narrower. It if a Country exceedingly plentifiiil both of Corn and Cartel , fall of rich pafturage, and fo plentifully ftored with MaUi fome Wheat, and other Grain, that it is counti'id, as ic were, the Granary of Ameri* ca. The People of this Country, when the Spaniards firft landed among tiiem, lived in the form of a Common- wealth or Free Sate, refuting co be (ubycSt to tbt Hingof Mixic^^ with whom they hid almoflt continuall Wanre; and upon that account, as hath been f&iid, afli^ (led Cm'tez. in the Conqueft of the Kingdom : and without whofe help 'cis moil certain, ha had never been able to doe any thing. Thcf enjoy therefore many fpeciall Priviledges and Iromunitief , more than other Ammcims doer. They pay no tribute but onlyanhandfullof Wheat yearly for every perfon, in way of ac« kncwled^emtnt • C(m} ''Wi Imowledgemeiie uA ocbenvife livipg uader thefHcotcAioftof (he Sptiii«rds» wholly in the foiii «lf cheir anctenc Goveromenc. The yi^ak PfOYifice is faid to conctiip two hutidred ^od Towns and Burroughs, and morethtn onethonfand Viliagesy all of them eacecdingly popiiloQtj and fuppofed to contain in^he mdioie above a million and half of Mactves, be- fideSpaniardSi who have feme few Colonies in the Country for fecuriog of it. The chkf Tqwns of the Province are, i . Tlafeatta it felf, which denomitntes the whole Country as the Metropolis of ic. It is a fair cown, and com- iBodioufly feaeed in the midfl of a large and fertti Campaign of threefcore miles in com* |iars. It confiA eth of four lai^e aod beautifnil fireets or quaftens md in the mid eft of them whire they all meet, hatha Piaz^iM^ or Market place, equall ta that of Mexka, and^'ibleto Kfceine twenty or thirty thourfand perfons con- 1 vemeotlyco buy and fell in it. 2. PuebUdt\ ioiAmgdety or the Cicie of Angels, a towfi| bailt by S'^^JHm Ramin^, a ChuTch-maD, fnd. ha thac vras the firft preiident or chief] Govemouc of Mexicc^ under the Crown of SafiUi. h Wis buik in the year 1 5 3 1 , ah»o(t| In the rot4 way from Ver^ ^rmx to Mexkc , Md feated ia a very delicate and fertil Coufhl ^JJIVJJ*^ m m -,WS^.-^ , vipg Utidcr Kollyinthe o hmidce4 e&cecdingly ncain in |he •t4auvc«,bc- ew Colonies t. The chfef afcaUa it fclf, )untry t« the vn, tndcotn- )f a large and miles in com- lasd beautifnll ttdeftofihenv ;5^ or Market rd, and ;^ble to d perfons con- igds, a towa ChiKch.ni*D, [dent or chief thcCfOWttof if i53i,atooW tt to Mi^ic^y 4 feftii cwo- .-. try,i cry^andofagood Aire. K is a Bi(hopi Sai^ and vilocd H twensy ihQufiad Duckei^r of yearly Htfi^ th^ Gicieiifelf fiippofed tactti- cain about fifceen hundred Families; whore there is abonndance of f icellent cloatli made, and fojc finenels not yeelding to the beft of Spaifh 3 • ZimfcaS4ft, feated opon a Ri?er of the fame name. 4. N4f4ma. 5. G^jmmxm- €ing9 ■: all of them great aad ancient towns! cf thf Nativei. 6. Sfgura dita Frontira^zSfm- ns(h %e¥fp^ built by Cf^# tervyardi by a ftratagemi Indoutofareroh^- tion either to Conquer or dye to the Cotmtf||!^ he caufed all his ftiips to be burnt,that his SmU diers might not fo much as tliiok of retomiiig back from whence they came. The town was at firft built five or lii kagnes up within bud ; but the place being found not cobefoheateb- ful!| the Inhabitants in a (hort time dcTerced ic,'^ and feated themMvet upon a BayofcheSct light over rgainft SuhimD'nUma. %. Jtf^ iiiin, ano^r Sp^nim town>:hutk likewiibby C^rtf:^ , in memoiy of his own btrdi phce • whkh wes M^iMfh * iin^l cowmof J!jf>'4. midnra, \ #.- ,\ , '^- ) 'WMkdi t tic^cfd aiidthemofta(iitUPorc to ^ Ihii Prdviifce,' iiid likewiie (o the City of Jtiixicoit felf^ from tlie North Sea r but of .dt£Scuk encratice, efpecially to flicbas are not 'mdl acquainted with the paflTftiei; or want Guid^; by teafon of certain Rocis and ^uick- fiuidf, wherewith (he mouth of the Haven is J&id cobe barrels t>Uc withini th^ ftartonis inprcftfe. It hath lifcewife two iirong Bult- :afrarkr5Mr Forts ii$f^ oh either (Ide of the en- miaike^ei todcftfitd>the palTagel^ ^>y^j . i ^^^ii^fiitxaia hath oti the NotA the Bay of -Mio^m; on tbe^lSouth Mari'^dil Zur ; on the Eaft Jucata^^YiA^hiafa, which is oneof | /liie Provinces of GMtimalai OH the Weft XM^^Jla. The Country extendeth it felf upon ifte South Sea about an hundred leagues in ;4|(nfch| but from the Sea to the borders of | ^^ufcsta ohe hcRfdred and twenty : Eaft. rWacd noC; above half fo much ; havimg a good Aire, and a Soil nolersfruitfoltj^fpeciillyinl Mulberry trees , and a great abdundance of .Silks* which the Country affords th mbre thin ••hy other Provvhceof ifiKi'mVif befide. Nor is "ickftrichln Mines of gold and filver ; there kmxig firarfe » River in the whole Country,! W nil fiuids of it are bid to be tinAured fiiot( iitt Pof I to the City of !a t but of it as are not iy or want land^uick. he Haven is lb ftfttionis [trongBull- le of the en- hthtBayof W Zur ; on ich is one of III the Weft kfclfwpon leaguei in 5 botders of tnty : Eaft- tvhag a good , efpeciaHy in 6oRdance of tkmdrethin Mt. Nor is filver ; ihcrcl )le Countty, idurcd ffiot* or leTi with that yetlbw Metal. : It yeeldeth likewife great plcn^ of ^^^4 mA C'^echineie^ two rich Commotlittes s and the People gene- rally, if they would take$ painf, might be the wealthiefti 'tis thought^ of any other in Ame^- ricn : but whether itiie through any voluQtja^^ ry contempt of Riche?^ or through anynata-. tali floathfullneff, as yet they Icena to pine in themidll of plenty, living, for the m6(l pare of them Jittle better than from band to moUth; Inevertheiefs exceeding iiberall of what they lave, efpecially to fuch as bear the habit of eligion, and attend the fervice of theil: Souls; laintaining in a plentifull and good manqery s tis faid, no lefriban one hundred and t wen- • |y Convents of ReligtottiMen,ofleveralOr^r lets, in this only Province ; belldes HofpitaJsir ichools for the training u|l of Yootb f and fther places of pUUiquc Charity, Ittsfabd^- ided into many particular Provinces^ whicl^ caiife; they are many and but fm4li» in contt ? rifon of fome other,we may call Waf^^taktH Humiredsi rather than Provincoi : the prinr r ; all whereof are thefe that follow^, ^ vi^'i% ^fofGi$4X4t4, horn whence C0i^f%( i&9 / ^ ?t;7r; , A a him, ; y J54 fl 1 1 I htm Tiy the Etri pcfwr, iM(^rqm($ ^the Vatn. It is the fichefl:to4 moft pletfintpaiCofche whole Fravince, extended in t concinued tf aft togethef full (ixceea leagues or more , lying tbouc iourfeoie Southward of tJ^mk^yW^ wanting neither Mines of gold and (ilver nor any other of the prime and beft Commodides of the Ni^'fVorld. The towns of princtpall note inhibited by the Spaniards in this Pro- vince an&, firft fAnte^fUita^xn the Valley afore- faid, a ftatelyCitie, and beautified with a £iirj Cathedral! Church, built with pillars of the fined Marble , of great height and bignels. a. St. lUiphonfo. J. St* ^4^0 , commonlyj atled St. fagoofsheFaSij Nexatapa; yet is it felf a City fairly leated upon a Hill. 4. Dfil Sfiritui Smtifi a tOwn bntit by Gonfdv9 Sandi^ V t^#i kv die l^eari 526, diflant not above thn leagueis frte4 and^ convenient Haven, or Port-to^ upon the\ South Set, yet pertaining to tl ^cHrovinee : A ridi pkce by reafon of the ti I fr^m (jlfrim to Fir#y and fcom Peru 'i tMi9ekp^¥ilddi paffctb mirihrotfgh this towi i There iffe feckoned of ihe)N«tives of tfaia Pi I vibcii n#D le<# ttan fix hunired and fifty Bt B rcmgjhl t*4 Vilhgi^ thcmabo^Kff .^'-:A ^^ bnndi . A.-,*>::' hundred and fifty choofand perfom that pay rribuce; befide Women and Children, arid Spaniards in greatnuraber. > ^ff* > v*^ ^ -^^ It. fucat an is a PenififftJa, or half lilatid, encompaiTed for the mail pare withibe Sea ; five only to the South- weit, where it is joyned to Guaxdu : its farther and more Eafterly poiht looking towards Cuta. The whole Pro* vince contains in compafs .i6. hundred miles or more, the Aire hat hot, and* the Soil not altogether . ctl in aril iCommodities, as (ome other parts of iV^nu \Sfai»trc : yet are the People therefore more induftrious, livin;; for the moft part by Handi- crafts and Trades^ and much more willing to take pains than their Neigbours. They report feme fpecial I things of this Province of ^ly^iSi* f4f(,asnlmely,that.lhe People of the Countrie ufed generally^ and long before the Spaniards came thither^ a certain Ceremony of Religion^ InotmUch unlike to our Baptifm, and which jthey called by a name that in their language (igniiied Reginetatm, or tftcond Sirtk; tluc they obferv^ it fo diligently, that few ior ooae imoog them omitted to initiate tbcmielvesby it; beleeving , that thereby the Seed$ wi ;rou«d-W0rk of all goodnefs was laid in \i Mdthrttliey wer« f ■^^ Xyfi) fue. 4l'YiihMfc9f by theSpaniafd nowctlledi ViBa de Nnefira Sennara dtVOimai and com J tAotAfVi^mii otAy^m mcmory^is 'cis thoaghrJ of the firlt ^reac vidiory which Corf f4^ obctin-j ed over theie People at the battel of JPO/0 J rJEr^n, as hath been faid. 5, CintU. 6« P0I ttmehMH.' "iy SalMiianca. -^ ' -: '^^ '"""-' '^'■"'''•^ ^"^ AUiidtig t^e Coifl: of this Country thet lye certain IliJUis , fome within the Bay oi| Gulf called Ho^^iiriiir/ pertaining tothene: Pr0Vince>1iS I • L4 Zar^^a. 2. La Defi:mfc\ da. ^. Virhreia. 4 Les NegriUps ; and f( with6ut it, as i . Zaratan, 2. Pani&ia. 3 • JDl MtiX^f^i or the Ifland of Women ; To namef by the Spaniards, who at their firftdifcovei of thefe part!?, for a long titne together coul meet with none butWomen.The chief c^theil is called AcHf>*mil, commonly Ccz^anml^ ai if fifteen leagues in length, and aboot fi^ broad, and was, as it were, the thoro" Vfat orcominin road of the Spaniards w..vntl firft difcoVeted the Countries o^NiW-SpM For firft here landed FirJiinand$ de forM ift^rhim Jebn di Griialva^ and others; ai iaft of all, the fortunate CfnrtiK,, Ithta ttWtASuCrnx. - h- .ffii.x'* •h.-f ^r, •i % . »-i > fV'fi tr^!;*it r« «•* %»% ■' ■ f •« ' ,. «, '*--»f \ •>^, Chai • ^«^i r f hn'i'^^^ r*' ;t ■<.i^i ik'.i-i' Of gmmMM :*-V4fe/>C» J'?*'/ ' *:^"y*\f l^-fi?^ f^^fV^' J't. If /^ t;4riiiMA^ ii the lad geqent Pro- -'' Vl vince of '^5 Nonhctn pare of ufmiric4, and brings ui down to ihciJftlKnus or neck of Landi whi^bi as we faid| jovnech the Northern and SoiKhern parts of the Neff" Worli together. This Countriei vifu. GuaU-^ iM^, ja bounded fr^prthward with the PefifV- (idi^ of JmdtnH abovi^Caidy and part of thf Gulf or Bay oi Hot$4$t9rm ^ Cfn the South wi; h Mar^ 4ilZur : on the > Eaft and South- Call ithach CafieUa 40r4H : and o^ the Wtl\ Nelnfh^ Spsm, The I ngch of it lyeth upon (he cpaft (jiUUsrtJelZHr, mi is iai^ to be little leif thm three hundred i^a^ ues | but rhe breadth not half fo much in n^y p^ce, and in fpmeyery narrow* It is generally a fertil and good Couatrie in all refpe^i but efpecially abound- ing in Cartel and good Paftores : being iiibr divfded ioto fix inferiour Province or Conn- trieCt which art , x. Chiapa. ?, Ver4f4s:^ ^.GimimdlA, fpeeially fo called. 4. Hofulti^ m. 5. i^cur^^M : And laftly, 6. Vtr Aa4 2.Ch$apa, •t •> ll 1. Chidp4 is i^prdered on At Weft with New- Spain ; onHieEaftWich Vera pa^ : cm the Norch with Jueatan : akid on the South with Man dtl Zur. It is aXIountrie roach (hided with .Woods , and thofe repleni/hed with n)it)y''fiiit and goodly trees, of divers forts and of the Urged iize, as Oaks, Pines, Cedat,^hif Cyprdrs trees ;be(ides others wl^ch yeeld thQcxi a good kinde of Rofiin, precious Gnmtni; &c. It hath likewife good plenty of | Cocchintle: but as for Mines either o^'gold or fiiver, I obferve not much to be fpoken^ ^he Countrie is fuppofed to afford Tome, but hi- therto no great fearch hath been made ; fatk- \}ly for vyant of Labourers to worl^ in the Mines, the only incdnrenience which the Countrie feemeth to lye under, is the abbun- dance of Serpeots,or Sntkea which it brecdeth: there are Ibme of them faid to be twenty foot )on|or more; and doe not a little inftft the Natives : who yet are not without a general Antidote or Remedy which the Countrie (ike- Wife naturally affbrdeth ; which is nothing I elfe but the leaves of fome of their trees dryad to powder; of which they make aphifterof| fovcraign cfHcacie, as 'tis faid, againft their venome; and otherwife generally good for any old and inveterate fores. - ; - " ... ■ Thcl ■ir-s:- ) The pUcei of more princfpali notein tho) Coancrie inhabited by the Spanitrds, are I . Ci^ddd Re4l, pleafantlyfeated in the midll of a round Vale or Plain, snd almpft encom«i ptffed with Hills round about it, iniorm of alt Amphitheatre'; at the foot of one.of whicfai ftaoding in the midft of the reft, the City if built. It is a Citie fpecially priviledged byibA Kings of Spah$ ; of apure and temperate Aittf and the Conntry about plentifully abounding both in Corn and Fruits 2. Cbutpa^ wUc£ Igivcch name to the Vall^f jaforefaid ; it b -a JBifbops Sea, and famous, if but for otoe of iCf [Prelates, viz,.BarthoUm4m delas CafM, bf this >rderof Preichersi who was Bifhop ofthii Htie, and hii-tnemory >uftly .precious adbng ^he poor Americans at this day^for his Oiaric|! ^ow^ds them, and for the^^outandzealouji ippofition which he made againft the $pani^ lirds cruel and inhumane dealings with the latives aeUhe beginning of their Conque^^ |>y which at lift, notwithftanding much diffi^ [ulty and relUhtnce made by intereffed perfons ^f the other (ideite pibcured them liberty, and fn Edift from the Emperor in favour of theib; thereby they were dccUicd to be fret Pf #-, [/#, and m SldviS; and the Spaniards for- [idden to ufe them any longer as fuch^ or to force N. feieetbemto tnyJttiide of hbonrcgt^ft Aetr mlls| or ^herwtfe than by fgmeraeQr with Abnr, which liberty they enjoy to Xbis diy ; and ^ugh die ^pantaitrdi lire r«d €o giv« chem very fmiU wtgesin foine phcef» attdfor |hek work in their Sugar MiUsi{wfaichisoo Iq^H labor J not iabove fiveHoyalis U dicies c ber, w drops f te aC( ufe. Ji divers c deth ffl or plac by the <♦•*"• - i-^^^». ->•■ i. i\^i.i! ■fi i-' I4#-' % (i^4) 6? •f.^^. Gmtimata, fpecitlly fo cilled , hath on ^ Weft the river XjcmUm, which divides ic from T^iTd pax». On the Eaft ic is bounded with the Country of Nicaragua^ on the North with Honiwrsu^ and on the South vnth Manitl Zmr. The Country by reafon of its Neigh- bourhood with VirspM, not altogether clear o£ Mountains » but otherwife well watered with Rivers, and enriched with fair and friiit- full Valleyes^ which afford not only good pa- ftun^, and many great beards of Cartel, but litewife good ftore of Wheate. Maiz and o- . ther fruits of the Earth. Great plenty of Cot- ton- Wool! , generally both here and in theo* ther Provinces, viz. ofVtrdfax,^ Chiapa, &c. fome medicinall woods liktwife and liquors ; | Jind ahfotutely the beft Sulfur of America. The people generally traftable and well difpo- ed^ both in poynt of Religion and Civill Go- vernment. The Towns of cheif note are, jik^Gi$MmdU^ otherwife called St.Jago de GM4iimaU^ the cheif City of the Province, fituate upon the banks of a pleafant River, and in allrefpefts convenient but for the Neigh- bourhood of two Vukdns (t% they call then at the H^efl'ImlieAihtit is, of ceruiii Moun- tains, which caft nre and fmoak out of them more or left continually, and with which^ a- xW^V^-'"' bouti ^l. divides ic ided with orchwitli Matf del tf Neigh- scher clcif [ watered tndfriiic- f good pt- :«ctel, but Mz and o- ity of Cot- id in the o- :Uapa, &c. kd liquors; F America. well difpo- Ctvill Go- note are, t.pgodc Province, River, and the Ncigh- y call them :ainMdun- at of them i. which:! a- bout V bout thjB^ear 1586. it was alnioR buried wUb sOiesand burnt Earth, which the one of them, for the fpace of fix moneths together, continue- ailed belched out in fuch fearful] quantity, that many people were (lain, and the City re- ceived much damage by it. There are many of thefe Vfikans in feverall parts of 40»^j^^« as namely at Areqmifa in the Kingdome oi^erUf at PuebU de los Angeles^ in the Province of lafcalU abovefaid ; a Mountain of fo great »ght, that they are faid to goe little lefs than hirty leagues, turning and winding , before hey ^an reach the tf p of it , and others in fe» erall other places. They are generally Moun- ains of great height, and running (harp upit ards, but at the cop containing fomequaa^:* ity of plain and level grownd ; in the midlfc hereof is the pit or hole , out of which a- oundance of fmoak andfieiy afliesarevomff; ed almoft continually, and (o deep^ that thqft re fuppofed fof the moft parte to reach to the try bottom ofthe Mountain* Some of thefe i»^4iii caft forth neither fire nor fmoak, yet re clearly feen to burn at the bottom with a, uick fire, and which is fo extremely hot, that ioftantW melteth Iron, or fuy other Mtcall at is caft into ic ; as by experience hath beeo. und. Fojc fomci conccivmg that themattqr! » f*,^i. :'-*^ vrfafch maintains ttiefeiireii within the bowelts of the Earth fo long togetheri can be nothing ds but melted Gold^ have endeavoored feve^ rail times to extra6l and draw it forth in cer« tain Vcffels of Iron and Brafs, which they have caufed to be lee down into the bottom of the Vukan 01* pit, by long Iron chaines macle on parpofe, butas wefatd^ the eitreme heat and force of the iire below, alwayes melted thiem, before they could be'drawniH^againi and by | that meanes hath hitherto rendr^d alifachtt* teteptsfruftrate.l. St. Salvaiw fourty leagixsl diftanc from GuMimaU EaftWard, and feaced upon the River Gm^^fu. j. Acafutta^ t Town oftheNativei fituated at the mouth ofl the faid Hiver, and h> , vp the cheif Towns of this Province arQ» I. 2{£^^fallaiU$dfi anctentry called C^ixM ifjiigisif, feated in a piea&nt and fruife&Al aHq' upon the banks ofthe ^LiyttChamah* i^i^urty kagues diftanc frMi ihe &et« lijBriii^ a DffliitMrty lisfucidiftaift kwiViUU^ diliJ$ V bum uch nd tl ought JitUdt^^fbNtti^ made a Colony Of SpaniardsL by Gatrhl Je E0im in the year 1 5 j o, for de. I ^i^ j, fen^ of the Mines tbertaboucf, agiinft fotnel^L..^ Savages that were not then reduced. J^f^Mlcaiiei ffdr^f a place of great wealth wd traffiqucJ^,Y^^ aqd the afuali refidence of the Farmours of tb^ Kings cuftomes for this Province. 4. Pu- $rt$ deCavallpst ten leagues diilant from San Fedro^ fo called from the aboundance of Hor- fep; which in a great tempeftand ftormatSes^ ihA Spaniards weiTe forced to caft over board It this ; places It is one of the mofl noted Ha- vcns.of theft pares^ and naturally Qtong, yeeljj^ ^^ fo ill guarded former ly^ that the Enf M(h twice pillaged it| vU. in the year 1 591, unuer Cap^ tain Ni^port^ and in the year 1^96^ under Captain Shirlej. What the ftate of it at pre- fent isi I cannot fay , only that it is a good in- let into t rich Country. 5, St. Thomss de Cafiili, eighteen leagues diftant from C4t^4/. hs, another ftron^ place, and to which, they fay, the Colony of Pi^rto Cavalldt was late- ly tranfpoted. 6. Truxillo^t Town pleafant- ly feated betwixt two Rivers at the foot ofa Mountain, not far from theC^^^ de Hondu- rm^ which ac thia Town firft begins to (hew it felf, running far out into the Sea ; fromKjJI^ whmce the (hore ftiU wididnvring ic felf» aiKf^li j 'aim 6f Spaniards! j^ w4m hath irfl his Chips built|t are built of Americao timber. »nd m " thefti ■ -"■»;:*^*?,i^■■,- bfkwofnmthut Shipwiigbcs, Mariners^ anjl vfm of Ithac pi^feffior. 5. Nic0j4, a towa fha(: givi!ch namci ^ a liuic Terrkaric, wMch' foi^eicclcoQ as a diQ;in£lparc of thk Province byitfelf. 7. ^varines, 8, Cartajp, fourcy Icf eii^fi diftipc {roni i^Mr^yii, an4 lying, aimoii in (be midll of cheIfihDEiu$ oc S^reic ofDarkn^ equally diftaoc Jbotlv trooi ihe North aod South Sea ; on both which it is faid hkewife to have a conveniens Port or Hiven for (hip- Jping. ^^ . M . • -.■,, .,, 7. Vera^a if bounded on tl|ie Weft with that pare of iViV^ but more down towards Bwrt Behno, and abootl iix leagues Eaftward of Conaption. 3 • Si. F§j\ twelve leagues more to the South, where tl Spaniards melt their gold, and caft it into Bai or Ingots. 4* Carlos, a town they have U[ the Coaft of At an del Zm. %. Phillfpim another on theWeftofC^r/o/; bothorthef ivell feated upon a large and capacious Btyj before which there lyeth a fry of certain litt\ Iflandsyto the number of thirty or more,whi( the Spaniards are faid to have wholly diff pled long (ince, by fbrcing the Natives o\ into the Continent, to work in the Mines ; nfually they did before the Emperors probil tion : but now they ufe Slaves or Negros,whi(| they buy for thiit purpofe from Gutnj u other parti. » • ChaI •f.rl- r 'vjl. ' ;• . >;.«p i-/'.jr;>t^i;r. in ■^' jfv ; * ' 1 .; 1 Vrf H A P • J^» "'':% 0/ "Peruana ; ir ^^f Southern fart of Ame- ^ j I. np He Country of ?f rS,undcrftand- ^. . J[ ^ tng by it all chat pM^fAmerka which lyeth on the South o( Darien t'tsgtnc^ rally refembled to the form of a Pyramis re- verted ; the $afis whereof, thst is (as I con* conceive) the more Southerly part« of it Co- wards MagilUmica and the Streits , eitend iherofelves largely both Eaft and Weft, be- Ofuing more (harp and ftreic cowards the orth, and thofe parts by which ic is joyned UliexieaM : in the whole it is luppo- to contain a circuit of feventeen thou« nd miles at leaft, and is watered with four f the greateft Rivers of the Worldi befide onndance of leffers ftreams , which ifluing rom the Andes and other Mountains of the uncrie, doe ran from all parts both into the orth^and South Sea, much fertilizing the ountries through which they pafs. The four rincipali are thefe. \. OreH^na^ otherwife tiled the River of AmMtnt. This rifeth in the covittccof7/riSiand niiinethacourreoflir<- Bb3 tie f 7- (V4) tjelefs than five thoufand miles, diTchirgtng St ftlf at laft into chef North Sea, through a channel as fome fay, of threefcore leagues! broad, and yet with ftlch a violent csrrent or ttream, that it is faid Co keep its natural colour| and tafte alcnoR; thirty miles in the Sea. 2. Ore^ ftc^ae , a River of the Province of GHUna\ whofe head dr fpring isnoeyecdifcovered,ic| h faid to be Navigable a thd^fafnd mii^s t<^t\ ther by the talleft (hips^ and ^0 lefs than t W( choufadiby Pinnaces and fmatler Veflels, aiK difchargeth it felf likewife into the North Sef by (ixCeen feveral channels or mouthc, mMinj thereby feVeral IflandSi foitie whereof are far to be of good bignefsi aAd tb lye at a difland of one hundred mites or niore one from thj other, g . L^arainon, a River of a yet ktgi courfe than any of thefonher^being^as 'ciafai^ DO Ie6 than (iK thoufiifid miles from Hk beii which is out of the jinJes m Peru, Co iCs fall Wfckk is likewife into the North Sea, aboi ddpe Blancoi by a channel of feventy leiig^fl inbreadth. 4. Rio Ji la Plata, otherwrfecaj led Paragnajf, t River of tWo thoufaod mil courfe, and falling, 4s ch^itfl', into Che Nol Sei, by i ehinitel of clireefcfdre miles ovrtr, si about thirty four degrees Souchward ofi line, towards Magaam Stfiits. ' ^^^' ^ 175 This Sottthern ^tto( America ccntmtth Ithore pirticttltr Ptovinces following v sll of tbein wealthy and large, viz. CafieUa 4urea,y or Cfiidin C^fiile. ti* Nwa-Granaday oi the \n9'99 Kingdome, iscbeycallie. j.Pfr^^fpeci- illy fo called. ^C^ile. S.Paragttaj. 6.Br4'' fil. 7. Guiana : And' S. Paria^ with ibme lefler Iflands adjoyningcoallormoftofihefe ^ronnces, and commoniy reckoned as part of ■hi ■i"^ :'iX*j V .4 ,,u«v Of ^afiefla Aurea. :i J.^--!. ..>'K>- :;-i;r i^,,,. . \ ^v>c:;lUfco^i,- I . ^^ AfieUa del or^ as the Spaniard^calt W^iC, or golden Cafiile, caketh up all |he reft of the Iftho^usidr ftreic of Darien^ fbich hath not been yet fpoken of, being founded Eaftward and to the North Eaft with le Atlantick Ocean, and on the Weft with (are del Zuir, and fome part of Veragna: [outhwiid it hath the nerv Kingdom ot Grana- It IS called fometimes TerrafirmaMcctvSt was 01^ of the (irft parts of firm Land which le Spaniards couched upofli afcer they had ilTed To many Iflands; as fecmedi for fomt ^b 4 time '?f^ Wi ■■•^ /•• ^icnei tO;block up and barre them hotn the tConcinenc of America. It is fiibdivided into vthefe inferiour Provinces or- Countries^ mJ T. Panama. 2.Darien. J. Nova-Aadaliiziai 4. St. Martha : And 5 .the little Province! / JDf ta Hacha. . . , 4.; , 2. Panama, commonly called the DiKrii or Grcle of Panama , is bounded Eaftwar^ with the Gulf or Bay of Vrrata, by which is feparate from the reft of the Continent o| ihif Southern ptxt of America : ontheWd ithiith feragua, one ofche Provinces of (7/14] timdla ; being on both the other Hdes wa(heil with the Sea. It is fuppofed to contain h length from Cartagenn and Pofajan , to th| confines of rrr^^iyH} about fourfcore or nine) ty leagues ; in breadth not above threefcore \{ any part : and where it is narroweft, viz. be| twixt the City of Panama and Nemhre Dios, if meafured by a right line, not abovj fix or feven over from Sea to Sea. It lyeth alj moft under the Equino6lial line, but a fev degrees Northward of it, and therefoi fomewhat hot, and by the neighbourhood both Seas, fqbjeft to a foggy and grofs Airtj in couiparifon of fome other parts ; To thaci is not counted generally fo healchfuU a Cout Crie, efpecially for ftrangeri, and in the Sui ^m.c-i mo .#" • V hotn the irided into tricf^ v«l ! Pcovinccl contain ii fan 9 to thi bteorninel hrccfcotcii eft, vi^. bel p, not abovi It lycth alj but a fev d therefoil Kmihood d grofs Airi :s; To that fall a Coui intbeSu ;s (V7 ) mer time, Tkt chief towns and places which * the Spaniards inhabit here are, t. St.PMifi otherwife called Porte Seih, from the goo4 Haven adjoj^ning cote. AiUongcown-andat prefent the ftaple of Trade betwixt PaiMtm and Spain : the Haven fortified likewtfe wiih two ftrong Caftles : notwithdanding wbicbi it was both furprized and. well pillaged by tlie Engltfti, under the Cofnmand of C^ptaia P^<^r, about the year \66ii and the Govet^ nour tiitnklL PfdroMilenii^ taken pcifofifr, 2. 2{omhri de Z>r#/,fo named by Didacotfi' que fa, a Spatiifli Adventuref'iWho being 4riyeii bydiftrefsx^f weather, and. ready to be wrafqk^ ed, bad his Men here get^on (hore en Ncmlf^t deDios ('chat is, in God^ name.) llheiawQ was very well feate4 for Gooimerce ar^d tr^de It the beginning, iind ed joyed it for % igp0i while; bat the place being JFound fomtiChtng lefs healthful I, and otherwife obnoiiions to [Enemies at Sea, the TrAde andihi^f lohabi- [tants are (ince removed to P^rfo Belloi ot \St» Philip aforefaid, as to a more fortified and |fe€urer place. 3. tAcIa, n Town upon the ameCoaft, but lying South>Ea(l ofNcmhe If Dios* 4. Naia, commonly called St* Jago \t Nata, (ituated on the Weft fide of this Pro- ince, upon MandclZftr, or the South Sea^ i:/ * about ." it:". '■ ■'^"v;yv.\^' 'iT""^'~'i';' the So farre i Ions, C of the in twee The chi is Darif ibbfie thirty lesgues diffaioce frcfm Paitama, COWktds the borders ofVirngtM. $ . Fdnama, thechlef City of the Province^ beiogiillb a BU (h^pf Sea, who is Suffragan to ch^ Archbiflbop iof Lima, and the ordinary refideni^ of the Gorernonr and Courts of Juftice for chefe parts. It is feated likewife upon the Soudi Sea/and fo neer, that at high water, the (hips are laid to ride even under the wails. Tiurough ^ this town the wealth both of Peru Md Spain Wdcriof paffeth once everyyeer : from Spai^hy Nom- mhe Atfti ^ de Dhs and Pm^SitUftom whence what- iTo wns i foever Merchandife or other ContmoditieslfirmXan cotnefrom Spdn, are tranfported to Panamm 4, Em by land, and from thence by Sea to all theK'i^^^ ft^r j^m^Perh; tnd* by Panama , whatfoeve»ome eil coftihifcs from Peyuii<) be fent inta Spai^i. Itaperhaps 1 hatb commonly a (Irobg Garrifon of SouIdi« " M^ ih it, and is doubtlefsa place other wife weilj fortifiedi being of fo great importance. Ia&* ly £a Crux Rial, i fbiv leaguet diftant from, Panamd, and for the mod: part inhabited bfftafc ^ - ^/jr DariiH hath on the North the Diftrii otCitckol Panama I on the South thena Kingdome Ol Granada r Ea(tward :it is bound] ed with the G\x\(ofVrraba abovefatd, am fomepart of the River £)^riV;;> whkhgivetl >*^-:^ V naini y'Y^ :i\.i. (P9) fiidie b the ^rinriticef ^t lAd to the Weft witli the South Sea ; .of t oaore temperate Aire by farre than thkt of Pdnannay^ndtSoilfozi^ miiabiy fruitfoli and lofty ^ thit they fay Me'. Ions, CuciitJieri, and general^ atl other Fruks of the Garden are ripe and ftc to gather with- in tweneydayes or iefs, after their firft fowing. iThc chief and indeed only Town of thistraa Tt^oQghlisD^rfV^, called anciently by the firft Fonn^ and 5p4(»|bel brought and buryed therein from other placesi* ^^^^\ vtJty remote; and according to the cuftomel^^f^ of the Country, not without good ftorc om j\ Gold and other Jewels, according to ^Umr^/'^I quality and condition of the Perfon ^^^ y^^mv-^^^I buried : of which the Spaniards Toon g>ine(l|j[|^^f ^ intelligence^ and in ranfacking the Graves andl Monuments of the Dead, are fiippofed to have found an infinite MaCs of Treafure:{ But thofe Mines are long,;6Qce exhau ■ lied/. 'V ; . u.ni';*imn ^;?i.'- ■ - ^MiS^fnA- ■:^~\x^.^i:li 1, The places of chief impotence here' are, *iLi Carthagipar fituate upon tbfc North Sc innfandy Pemnfula or half Iflandv wellbuilf ^Qd for the bignefs of it| of good wealth an riches; as the Engliih well found under Si Francis Drat^, in the yeare i $85, when the rook the place, and having pillaged k a away, bedde aboundance of Treafure^ lefs than two hundred and fourty brafs peici ,^ Oiii%m:cc It is counted one of the be fckriM. . , . Have Hiveiis belonging to the ^imtXtn&^t Am^U ta. 2. T^lui by the Spanitrds now called ^#( J4g9^ twelvr ^etgues diftant from CArtageHu^ la placie memorable for the excellenc Balfam w<^'* b brought from thence, 8£ commonly cal- led the Balfam of TcIh. 3. S$, Crux di Mofox^ a neateTown, featedt little above the conflu- ence of the two Rivers St Martha and Mag'- \idene^ whict! ^tter this Province. 4. Baran'^ \a de Nolamki a place of great Traffiquei e- fpeciaS!^^ for all Commodities of the new Kingddme of. Granada : it ftandeth upon the jbanks of the MagdeUneKvitu and about (ix leagues diftant from the Sea. $.SuenaV$fta^i )therwire called «f^ SabafiiandfEuenaVifia, Town commodioufly feated apona rifing ground not far from the Gulf of Z^rr4^4 or the Sound of Darien^ about a league and half From the Sea : and laftly Villa de St. Maria, thirty leagues fouchward of . Cartagt^ I. 5 . St. Martha^ fo called from the cheif ;icy of the Province, is bordered on the Wed; f ith Nm- Andaln^ on the Baft with Ri$ de Hacha ; on the North with the Ocean, and m the South with New-Granada.* It \% jibqut threefcore and ten leagues in length, and lot much Ids in breadth • a mountainous Country ■ ,4,-, ■( , ^^>-^r^i ,■»•■■ C^U) ^• 1 t i U It hi a Couottry likewife for the moft part/ and the ground noc much commendedf but only for fome fruits of the Ordinary growth of iS^^iu, vU. Oranges, Liinonsi &c. which thrive here very well. The aire upon the Cotlb very hot, but more within tend as extremely cold, vU. upon the Mountaines. The Country is well watered with Rivers, the chief whereof is A^ Grande^ as they call it, or the great River of I ^ MagdaUne, which riling in the Mountains ofl i^^ New Granada^ fallech down into this province J S^ & empties it felf into the Sea,betwixt theCitiesI ^''^ of Jf . Martha and Cartigena, though at a di J ^^^ Qiance of tenor twenty leagues from either J ^^^ with a double dream, and fuch a violenJ^'^^ courfe, that as Acofia teftifies , it is countedl'^yj not a little dangerous, to attempt the entranc "^^ of it fometimes, vi^. when the Tyde and thi ftream are contrary. The chief Towns arci'^'' I. St. Martha^ feated upon the Sea coaft,hav ing a fafe and very convenient Haven belong ing to it^ and well defended from the wind by the advantage of an high Mountain, lyin almoft right over againft it. It is no grt Town but rich, for the bignefs : at Icaft it w found' fo when Sir Francis Draki furprifed ii in the year i$95. What it was the year fol lowing, when Sir Antlmy Shirlj called then ' am 111 Mi I • '■"¥¥• -■^Mstt^ pait, and the ^ bat only for Wth oiSfMn^ ich thrive here :o»lb very hot (385; and in the yetre 1630, whenthe Dutch toOl: ic, I cannot fay. 2. 7ViMnijf«onthebaakfof the Magdalouy fourty, leagues diftine from St. Martha. 3. VIUa d* las PslfiMt, twenty leagues fouthward of Ttnarif. ^.^imUddt I A :, I '« R*]" >° <^ Valley ofVpar^ and upon the aely cold, v'^l ,,^„^^ ^f ^ l„gc I(iy„ called (?|M^4p«rt«,which ountry "we'ljjittiebeio^ this Town falleih into the ^-g. f whereot « «w| ^^^^ j,. j^ ^^ p j^„ti„ pj^c^^ ,„4l,m ^ „pj ^, .great "^'^""f I booted by rcafon of certaih unreduced Sava- ge Mountains wi inhabiting the Mountam Tofrm, and tothts P'^'llthofc other Mountains of this Province, which '"u"'fc taiiJ*« SpanUrds call Im Surras Nievadat, be- I, thoogn* •■^,J^fgt|^gj, top,„g perpetually covered with ;ae» ftom '"""fsnow. 5. 7{s'»'Salamama, in the fame Val- I fuch a '"""Jiey of z;;4r,famoM for its Brafc Mines. 6.0- »$ , It IS <^";" |m»»4 and others. ;njptthecnttanc| ^ ^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^ .^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ j.^^^^ thejyde »«»<» "Iprovince lyinging on the North-Eaft of St. :hief Towns mK|^^^^^ wafhedonall other parti with the he Sea coait,na'|^,tgjj ^f t,,g main Ocean, or with the Gulf nt Haven ^^°^^t Bay of VentKuila. It taketh its name from from the w>nav f„,fl ^^^^ ^,(1^^ ^, ^ ^^^^^ ^^ , 0,^^ MountwB, 'y^"Wift,nt from the Sea, hav'ug noconvenienc It, It is no B waven, but otherwire feated in a bile very rich L(,. tt»attKj»„j f^jjj,,^ not only ofall forts of FimiM and prak: '"'P* , f Jud PUnts, efpecially fuch as are brought fr«ii t was the year i«|j. ^^^ jjj^^^jj^ j^ Mines- of QoM, JWr/ji called thejf ^ j 'n . GeiDmes oF great lize aAd value, and many cxcelletic Sale Wiches, as they call them. Ic is eight leagaes diftant from Salamanca afore- (aid, and eighteen from (^apt Vila the moft wefterly Point, or Foreland oFthe Bay of f>- nue^cutla ; and with the reft^ had the hard hap to be forprifed and pillaged by the Englifh With Sir Francis Drake in the year 1595. 2. Ranchfria fix leagues Eadward o(la Hacha^ inhabited cheifly by Pearl- fifliers, or fuch asl^ceen \ get their living for. the moft part by (i(hing|rich bo ^ Pearle; which was wont to be good onP^orth v tbefe Coafts. J. 7V;i4 and fome others. from Couf made thuf, hundr Gold, ffne, i fort oi *0..'^ * «' Cha'?; XII. Of New- Granada. u. :o :'f ^TpHcnew Kingdomeof Granada^ i\ ih/ • . i 'CIS commonly called, was for the moft part both difcovered and conquered b| G$nfah9Xswenes, about the yeare 15 36^ an( with fogood fuccefs that in left thanaycarj fpace, the whole Country was quietly leth 'tinder the Spaniards government, and tl Ctptain with his Small Company had madj .ftfift CO father together fuch t mafs of Ti ind mtny hcm.Itis ted afore- thc moft iay of Fe- te httd hap le Englith fcir 159S' oc fttch ti hers. Aim, 1^ may feelm almoft incredible, vit. from the Reguii ^ ot petty Princes ofthofe Couneries, whom He had either deflroyed or made Tributary. Laet cafteth up the fiimtne thuf, one hundred nintyone thoufand, two hundred ninty four; F^^w of abfohite fine Gold, thirty feven thoufand of Gold lefs fine, and eighteen thoufand of the coUrfed fort of all. Of Emralda great and fmallefgh- «^». _ itceen hundred, be(ide$ aboundance of other ^v'fiHiiii^sll''^'^ '^^^^y* ^^^ Country is bounded on the le cood onj'^^^^ ^^^'^^'^y^^^'^ ^^^'^ aforefaid,- on the *Veft with Mare itl Zur ; on tli. Eaft with 'enejcue/a; the Southern puts of it being not etwell dfiVovcred, by rcafon of certain huge |nd «jnpi(Table Mountains, which block it up holly on that fide, fave only where apa(- gc is kept open into the Province of Pfr^, lecially fo cilled. It containeth in length a- ucone hundred and thirty Icaguesi and not ach lefs in breadth, being for the molt pare 'try healthfull Country, and abounding in incf of the beftfortof Metal, befide others Brafs and Iron. It is fubdivided into th^fe lo Provinces, viz. Crr^W^ifpecialiy focal« '2. Popajana. . GrdpisJa, fpeciallv fo called, is a Country very tcoaperacc and good aire, oeither fiib- ^ Cc ic« '"J M . -1/ Granaiay a was for th ooquered b ei53^* •" than t year uictly iet» tnt, tnd ti ny had m«fl mifi of T fu ►>■' t^ Grafi GtiiH MicA jeA to muchheati nor co eztremky of cold : the retfon of this may feem Co be its neecnefs to the Line, frotn which it is diftant Norch- ward but a very few degrees. The Country ex« ' ceeding fruicfuil both of Corn and Cactel, affording rich pafturige, and many gretc heards of Catcel, many good Mines, as well 1 1,^^^ of Gold as other Metals ; and in that parclnQ^ ye of it which is called Tuma, as greac plenty oflt|,g ^^ the faireft fort of Emralds, Some pares of iclfisi,^ f are woody ; and among other forts very gwim^jj^g ^ both for. Timber and Fenel. there is on which the Natives call Gt$aiacumf a medici nable wood, and of foveraign ufe, they fay, thofe that are fubjeft to the ttits Vimred^ am fuch like Maladies. The People of the Cou try generally ttU of ftature , and of a ftroi conftitutiooi but much more given co fpoi andpaftimei thanco anykindeoflaboror dultry. The Towns and places of cheifim tance are^ i • St. Foj , commonly called Jj Foy di Bagota, which was the old name of ti Province^ and to diftinguiih icfrom anotf St. Foy in che Councry of Ne^-Afexicoi was faid. It is che Metropolis and Cap City of this Province, an Arcbifliops fea, the ordinary reiidence of the Governor; bi by Gonfalvt Xmnu a $paaiai4 Native h. '^ Gmi f of coU : s neecnefs It Notth- juntrycx* id Cactel, lany gtctt ics. as well Granada in OUUSfam^ ;up(m ^ take called GiMaviM^ and is idhabiied acihisfrereftcby above fix iiutidredFaiDilfef <^Spaniards. 2. Su Michael^ twelve leagues Northward 6f iSr« Toy, and a well traded Town. 3. T^cajftf^ fitiiiCe in the territory of the PMcbes^ which are a certasti tiaibaroas People oFthb Countty, I that paittlnot yet ptrk&ly reduced, and poflefling noc it plenty oflthe worft pare of it. It is fifteen leigvK!fdi. e parts of nftant f torn St. F^y, towal-ds theNot^ fiafii :$ very gOod,lbeing (itutte on the hanks of F^ri, a foiall Rt« there is onflver, a little above its confluence into the j^iij;* PI, a medklAr^/^irf. ^ 7>riiii4^,(ea€ed on the batiks of ano- her River, called Zarii^ in a convenient place tid good Soil, and the Country about it rich* y abounding in Veins of Chrittall , Emralda, damancs^ Chalcedonies, and other Gemoes f good account. $ .Tttnia^t ftrong Town,bui1t ery advantagioufly for defence on the top fan hill|& is both a Oirrifon and place of re* t agamlt the Savagcs,wfatch fomcimes infefl; is Tra£l , and alfo well traded Empory. ?mf$fel$na^ 60 leagues firofls St. T^ to the otth* eaft;a rich place both for Mines of gold, hich it affordeth, and irifo for great heards Cattel, which the Country biceds and aiiuaiiu. ^.La P^/hm* 8. ^rrfa/4, the fur- ft Totro of thiS'Provincc Notdi-^eillwacd Cc a towardt , ihcy fey» 6f the Cou dofaftio ivcn to fpoi :)f labor or fcheifim „ly called & d name of if from ano s and Cap iftiops fea overnor ; bi aid Nitive n Ihk,U Fopaj banks in the Town bec(vi> ( 588 toward! P'eaizHiU., Oii the South- eaft there is only St. fuan de Us Lanos^ otSt. fohnot the Plaincs, ficfy leagues dilUnt (torn St, Foj^ but feated in a rich Angle of the Country, Add where chere are good Veins of gold. 3. Popayana^ the other part of this New- Kiiigdome, is bordered on the Wefl: with P&rtlpj'iiii « of Granada laft fpoken of; from which thel^^^^ River St. ili^rr//^ divides it for the moll parcL ^^'^ On theNof th it hath Nova-Andalufia or Car^W^Qi^ fageM;on the Weft L^are delZHr;tnd on the^^ j ' ^ South ^i/0i or rather fome unreduced CounK^^^ ' tries lying betwixt them both. It extends w^y^^^ ^ length above one hundred leagues from Nortil|jj^^ ^ to South, but in breadth, viz,, betwixt tll■Q^p^^ River St. iMartha^ and the South Sea, ni much above fourty or fifty. The Country faid to be a little too much (ubjed to rain, y not fOf but that the fertility of the (oil anfwei the induftry of the Inhabitants in moft pa very well. The places of chief note in it an I . Popajan, fituate on the banks of a fair ver i but not named , and in the midft of Plain, in a place of great wealth, and enjoyi a good tire. It is a Bifhops Sea, and the on nary ReHdence of the Governour of this Pi vioce. 2. Arttioehia^ otherwife called St: fU\ di Antiochia^ on the boticxsof HtWrJni • « * , ' * • v.- f J luziay %nd about one hundred leagues from fopajan. 3. Caramanta^ felted likewife on the banks of the River St. Martha. 4. St. Anne I in the Cantredi or Hundred of AnK^erma^ a Town neatly (ituate upon the (ide of an hill becwixt two Rivers, and in the midft of a Plain no lefs pleafant and fertil. 5. St. fago de lArnta, fo named from the Teritory in which |C (tandeth, rich and famous for its Mines of fold, which it is faid to have many and very ^od, 6. Nev^- Carthago twenty leagues dir iint or more from .^^ fago. y . Bonavimuro^^ iicaate on a Bay of the South Sea, bearing jhttname. A fmaUTowni but of great enter- jourfe and trade, efpecially for conveying the ^mmodities oC New- Spain unto Popajan and [ther places of this Province. 8. Timana^ four* :ore leagues diftant froni Parajan^ and fea- :d at the Foot of the vf^v^^/ toward the Ea(t St. fnan di Paflo, fo called from its [cuationina Valley of rich paflurage. 10. St. ihftian dff la Plata in the South ea(t con- ies of ihis Province, fo named from the lines of Silver^ which are found thereabouts. AlmagHcr. 12. Madrigal^ l([kO}l\i(ty^ \\k of them iituate in a barren foil| but that toil may be counted barren, that bears Ccj ' Chap. ■y ■.i ■J/- ■-• yl -it: ■ *.{.' Vf rj9o) w^t»-> Cma*. XIII. ■;f<^. Ofth Knrgcbme ^f Peru. r. T^ Friy, in the Southern part of vf^f- X rica, was anciently a great and tntghcy KtngdonTe,a$ Mfxicovx the Northern, and fcH under the power of the Spaniardf] much after the fame manner, ttmt the King- dome of Mexico did* t//«. through the diflen- ^ns and dift rentes among the People them- felves : The manner and occafton briefly thus.! Huajna Capac, the laft Itfca, or King of Peml had, be(ide many otherS) two Sons wfaklvl chiefly loved ; the one by a lawfull WtiPe hi^ neer Kinfwomen. called fit$afiar : the otht by a Concubine named c/^taMi^* betwiiij whom, at his death, He divided his Kingdome: feeling chs one, viz. tAtabalipn, at ^ito, and making him King of all the Provinces belong ing to tt, and which, for themoft pare, htn)fel| had^conquered ; and the others t//«. Hnafa St Cnfco^ nsaking bim King of Peru, and of tt Provincer about it, at a drffiince of five hi dred leagues one from another, thereby 1( ving to cither of them a Dominion lar{ enough^ if reafon could have fitisfied ambit ■\: •' i I on. Bat MHofcar refted not loog cooeenr^ difdiming that a Baftard- Brother (hould (hire fofnoch wivh him iohis Kingdome) contrary CO the more juft incerefl; of fome of his other Brochersi and to the cuftom of the Incas hi% Anceftorsi who alwaies ruled as MonarchS) not admitting any divifion of their Kingdoms. Hereupon differencei and emulations arife be- Ctvixt the two Brothers ; Atahalipa, King of ^ito^ is commanded to appear at Cufco, boch to afliH: at the Funeral folemnities of Hnyna Capac their Father, and to doe ho- mage for his Kingdome; which he doth not refufe : only de(irech the King his Brother not |tv> oblige him to come fo ht^ and through Countries fo unfafe, without an attendance faitable to a King, and that might fecur e hti journey : which pretence of his was not thought unreafonable. So he brings along; with him an Army of thirty tbdufand nien ; jwhich, through the negligence and too much Tecurity of Huafcars Officers of Warre, was Tmicted to come fo neer Cnfco^ that with it, ifcer fome Battels fought, he taketh prifonet \Hmfcar himfelf, King o(Peru, puts to death lit the Incas, or Children of the Blood- Royal, that he could get into his power ; and in this lanner, for lome time, holds the Kingdom, Cc 4 though ,>■ ^M thougti notwUhout machdifficuky, byt^^ of the hatred which the people generally bare towards him, for his cruelty towards the Roy- all Progeaie ; and the oppoficion which divers oiHnafcars Captains made againft him in fe- veral parrs. . \ r. X. Things being in this condition at Cii/ra among the Natives, the Spaniards that were at Panama, having irefted there full fifceenyeers (incethe Conqueft of Ahxicp, without ma- king any further dtfcovery upon the South Sea than the JJlartJs ofPearh, which lye not above {isteen or Seventeen leagues off from Panama, refolve, about this time , to mske fbme further fearch of the Continent by Sea. The bufinefs was undertaken chiefly by one Fran^ rifeo Pt^carrOihoxn at Truxi/lo in Sp^isn» a Man of but mean parentage and fortune, but yet a good Soiildier, and Die^o Almagro^ a rich Merchant of f4;?4«i4. At firi): they met with i many difficulties and difcoaragements in the Defign ; PUarro being full eight monethsac Sea, failing of that courfe, which now, having better l^nowledge oftheCouncrie>theyeafi]y difpatch in fourteen or fifteen dayes,hi$ men fome of them dying, and others deferting the Service, though with the apparent hazzard of their lives : fo that at eight moneths endhe i:Au-^t: ' . f Z..J' found! M iliybace tie Roy- :h divers im iti fc- k?,- ^ «■, .* ' (393) |found hicnrelf only with fourteen Men In J^ ipoorlfltnd, and to the mod defticuce condici |on chat could be. Yet being himfelf of an iin- aunced courage and refolucion, and thofe 'ew men he had with him of the fameminde ith himfeif, they all refolved rather to dye , ban to give over the Defign. So putting again Sea, they fall at laft into the River of T^m'^j tz, which in a few dayes brings them to t own and fortified place called likewife Tstm' ]ez, where they found Inhabitants and a place oft agreeable to their de(ires, viz. where chey und good plenty of Gold; for which, not, ing in a condition co iight.they were content prelent to feem Merchants ; and fo for a w petty Commodities which they had. oughc with them, of no value, 'tis faid they ceived of the Natives the full quantity of iirty thoufand pezos of pure gold ; whicii rert met with Hved their fpiritt not a little. Wheraiponr nts inthel|dif)gthQ Countrie to be good and likely to Qonethsatftordmucb Treafure, they return back again, :>w, having! Panama, make declaration of the Coun<- they eafilyle they had difcovered, and Tollicite for fur«^^ es,hismenpr licenfe to fubdue aqd conquer it. Which ingobtaiiled, Pfc<«rr^, with four other of BrotherSi (tout and refoluie itien like him^ a competent number of fliips, and 'about two at Cnfco t were at :een yeers hout ma- Jouth Sea lot above Paftanta, lake iome Sea. The [)oe Fran- :;»,aMan :, but yet a Co. a rich ifertingtbc hazxatd of :th$ endhc found (194) ■♦Ji-.v;'- jS^- w~ iH 1^6 hundred Souldiert, profecutethe Defign, I ^^ |^ atid Appear ait Crtfcd ivitb their Httle Armyjuft L^ ^^ 9t Che time chtc the difFereoces there were hoc I p^^ ^ ^j teft, and tbtc BHofcar the King wit newly 1^^^ ^ became prifoner to his ^tothtr i^tal^iflipa M^j^p^^ whd, although at firft he feetned to contemn Lf^^^ ^f the ftnati numbers of the Spaniards, an'd c*>umlf}ranff||i them littte better than madmen, that wouULf dj J ^ venture fo farre into a ftrangc Councrie, noL^g ^f bMter provided than he took them to be, andLef inde lipon Aich ah extrtvagaat pretence , as thttLi^^^i fccrocd tg him, which they told him was thelpg^pj^^ omte of rfieir coming j yet after a while, hal^ ^^'^ ^ng beard the noifeoftheir Ordinance, and A^ endc5 licite tafted how (harp their Swords were, fc was content to become prifoner himfetf. Th Spaniards at firfl; created him well, and p l^infttch hopes of liberty^ that out of con fidence to gain it, and that he might enjoy ti Ktngdome, thoogki tributary to the Spaniard hrmfelf alone, he caufed his Brother the KinA^^^^^^'^' Haafcar, to be put fecretly to deach, and imhf^ ^g^^ fembied the matter to this Spaniarib, asifjLry ^^^^ hadbeen done againft his will ; which they, mAfaiai tending other matteiv, did not much cxamicp^dg^^^' To obtain his liberty, be offered the Spanian to give them the room wherein they were,fill up with gold and filver as high asa Sonldi iflift hii fflgwhii enerally Hh det hJge, ( htfviffar u cou stained fUefS; yj r *r?r-i.?i^ : I Mm) z Defign, I c^utjt reach v^h tliei;K>it}r of iiis Avcrd ; mii (ktmyjuftlssromeriys performed k, ac lea ft the grcacen? were hot. I pare of ic : Yet were the Spaniards fo farre irtt newiylfrom graocing him liberty) according to hi«> fr/i^^jjp^.'lexpe^acioii and their proniite, that not long > contemn Lfcer they took away his Kfe, moft baf^ly atrd cwnt|[trangling him ifi prifon.after they had receiv^A hat woviid|of him,as 'cis credibly reported^above ten millK vinttte, no|ons of gold and^er eogei ifer : upon preten^ to be, andlces indeed of Treafoo, and fome dangerous ce, ts thttlpiottings apinft them^ by Atabdifa and fair itm was thelpeopk ; (i^ triniinal piece of Treafon doubf- t whiiCf haljeii^ferApooi^Pfiiice, infarioofly imprifosidi nance, and Ito endeavour his itbertyj, aiiiid his ftlbje^iis t€l^^ rda were, hiiflift him tbebeftth^y«coa!diJ Notwithftkftil^ imfelf . thing which, the Spaiiiffi Wirieers themfelves doe bH, and pu»eneraUy diflike theFaft/and fomcofchaw^ (latofconKieh d^teftacion enough: (sed\th9 ngke^m i^ht enjoy ilwW^tf, ("faichtiline Anchor Jief^K^c) fetifi^ her the Kinjlr^^ toJje ty'thi toftrfe^ofmtHri, bfH hoi^gh^ *aith, and iimem aB to evil andJhamefnUerids. Which'wat^ iard^, as ^(1^^ y ^tue : for alebou^ o^ the death of htcb ^^l^mAtahMfdi the 'Spaniardt held tfaemfetvesfoir ach eximinftlillers of theGoontrie, and Fi«4^fvqnNMy :he SpaniarAbcained of the Emperor to bemadeaMir^ ey were,fil1l[Qcrs ; yet long it was before the Indians^ asaSoQldiloui(i \^ wholly fubdued, Mdngo /ir^4^ the cou| Brother y« ( 59<^ ; Brother of Aubalipa making a ftout and fltirp refinance for a good while cogecher, defeating th^ Spaniards in three or four leyecal encoun* ten (in which I>ieg0 and fohn Piicarrd bror then CO the Mzrquefs were (liin) and twice taking the Cicie ofCufca from them by force. And when at laft he happened to be overcome, and drivea to fly to the Mountains, the Con- queron, vU, Almdgro and PHiarro, to whom the Emperor hid given the commind of the Countrie in feverali fall out among themfel ves, chiefly about the bounds of their refpeftivel Dominions, Civil Warrei enfae betwixt them:| in which firft of all Almagro is taken prifoner by Pi«4rr0> fentenced to death, and executed without mercy ; and not long after PUam\ himfelf murdered in hit own houfe, by a Ba- ftard fonne of Almagro named Diego i who! thereupon had the confidence to take upon htm the government » and to encounter the Licentiate Vacca de Cafiro > the Emperors Commiflioneri in the open field ; where being worfted and taken, he afterward loll hii head at Ctifco. After this, Blafcns Nunne^, VeU\ being inade Vice- Roy of Pern» and governing fomewhi: feverely» Qon^ales PUarro the! fourth Brother, rebelleth, with many Spani' ards with him i agtinft whom Vela Nn^fneK.} the i at' at and (hup r, defeating ecal encoun- i) and twice lem by force, )e overcome, ins, the Con- ro» to whom imtnd of the igtherofeWes, eit refpcftivc ictwixt them; iken prifonet and executed after Pte^tm )ufc, by a Bi- Diegoi who CO cake upon ncounter the he Emperors ; where being i lolthiihetdj NHnneK. VeU md governing fifuarro the| many Spani VtU Nnnne^t thcl (%91 the Vice. Roy's Brother, isfent; but to little purpofe, being taken prifoner by the Pizirriftf^' and put to death. This fo incenfeth the Vice« Roy, that himfeif in perfon marcheth againft the Rebclls, but to his own ruine. For t Bat- tie being fought in the fields of ^it$, the hated Vice* Roy had the ill hap to be onide prifoner, and by Carvaia/, Lieutenant to Pf-* zarro, prefentiy^without further proceft ,caofedl to dye, in revenge, as 'tis fuppofedi for his bro- ther, whom the Vice- Roy , among many o« ther«, had lately fentenced to death. Piziirr$ after this defeats dntentts, another General of the Emperors; but was at laft, by the Go- vernor Gafca, defeated hinvfelfi taken prifoner, and beheaded for his Rebellion, together with ICarvsial his Lieutenant, and divers other of |his Complices : fo that there remained now ^all the five Brothers Pizarri, only FirM^ mnddiUvQ^ who as fome report, wasfenc pri- bner into Spain, by the Emperonrs Com- ifliioner ; others fav , that his Brother the tarquefs fent hioi thither with the procefs oncerning Almairifi death. However^cei^ ain it is^ ^xtAn Spain he dyed t prifoner* ' (artin ik Alcantara , half-brother to the arquefs, was murdered with him in the Mar* ucfs's ho^c I Gdrcia JlvaradQ Was iUbrd to death itiA by one of tte AlmtgdQs ; snd Whtt bcGAme of Pfdro BalMvia, wkh foxne ochers, (hall be ftiewed in the defcription of Chile. Him perifhed, by the juft hand of Cc^, and tliii^Migh their own mutual dKTentionsyainbu ti (ln» tnd CO vetoufnefs, tfaofe fitft Con (\\ erors I oiPertt, vUu* Pimtrr^ and his Companions; none of them all leaving fo much asagoo4 iuiebehindhim : tnd of their iff&t little is (fioken. The Marquifs htmfelf if faid to have b«d;i fonne by a fifter of Atabdlip^^ whoQ they tail Doma zAngtUna^ bnt he dyed young; aad whether be were legitimate or no, it may be doubted. But the FaAions of the Pizar-I rifts and Almagrifts being eicifift) by the diii. gence and moderation of fucoeedii^ Gover- Hours, the aflTain of Peru came by degrees tol befaetcer Tetled, & the People, either wiilinglyj or by cottftraintN, were perfwaded to acknow- ledge the Spaatfli Government , and lite quietly in mod parts of the Couo^ eriC»-«.;..'v -^i ■;l J*.ii'. ■ ■: j'.» ; ;. ^2. The Dommioa of the Kings of Ct$[ei whkh io Ibme feole, and by fome writen a| ooocctfion, is called tfaeKingdome oiPm was cstended by the laft Ines^ o\ King, Hui^\ 914 C^fac , from North to South above chouwMl leagues together , comfcduiadii md vvhtt [xe others, of Chile. God, and Doqverots 199 not only i grett pare of the Province of C^ii^ cowards the Sooth, but aifo the New* Kingdome of Granada and divert other Pro- vincei to the North : bat Peru properly fo cal- led, containeth little more thin half to aiiich» viz. fix hundred leagues in length, and about npanionsJfiFcyorthreefcorein breadth; except onlyia asagoodlfome places, as in the Country of Ci^^ctf^icr, lie littkisl where 'cis thought, it may t>e one hundred ltd to havellesgues over from the Andes to the South Sea. fjMf whomll^i^'^ou"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ North-eaft with j^ young J^t^atvaft ridge of Mountains which they call r no it fna)|the/f«^ri:on the Weft it is wa(hed with Atari the PtxatJ^'/^''; on the North it hath the Country of by the diliJf ^W^; ^^^ on the South ^i!»i7f. It is com- tii4 Gover Jmonly divided into three parts, which they call V ^grc^ toyi!'^ Plains ^ the HiU'emntrj^ and the cAndet^ tr wiUtnglylThe Plains are that pare or the Country virtiich to acknowllie atong upon the Sea Coaft, being for Ac X and tAnoft pare a meer level without any Hills at til. the Cottofl^l^c «f iVrr4, at th(ycallir, or HiU-Ccientryn hit pare oiPeru^ which is partly mountaicont od partly plain, fertill and well inhabited in loth. The Andes are fo high^ rocky, and inac^ efltbie, that they are fcarccr inhabited at all ^ by Savages, fave only upon the iktrta of hem. The Plmnes frotn ihs Sea Oosstt to the W'C^mrj^ are for themoft pare aboue tea leagues 400 leigues over or broad, upon which ic ncverland riinech all the yearlong. The HUl-CoftntrjiM orH commonly twenty leagues in breadth wherclindl . narroweft ; and from Seftember to Aprill hachl it, R rain, the reft of the year generally being faJTbun weather.But on the/fi^^/r/^which take upaii cheliDUch reft of the Country of ?fr«, itraincthalmoftlothcr continually all the yeare long. In the /?/7/.|ofthe Country^ Their Summer begins \i\ Aprill^ aslplemfl is faid, and ends in Septewhr; but in thelfriant Plaims, it begins in 9{?0^frandendsin>i/4;.|Rolefs So that in the fpace of one day a man mayiobea ttft both Summer and Winter ; be fcorchdftld, be with exceilive heate in the morning, andyeAo lefs well nipt with cold before night. The y!/;;^^ Aut the generally are covered with thick Woods andlfflgh wild Forcfts ; the Hill Countij for a greaAofe i pare naked and' open ; the Flaws in roanylible K places Tandy and dry, and would be much morclis well fcorched with hcac, then they are, but for thelli, moj neighbourhood of the Sea, which affords themifide. many cooling gales from the South and Southlriorly, weft windes; whofe property, although it bcfoierica naturally in other parts CO be tempeftuous, toldgemj! bring rain and foul weather, yet here there ild fear Aothiog but Serenity and fair Sun- (hine dayeldkntti] ill the year long, although thcfe windes bloviladei r ilmoft without ce;iing upon the Countryjui all| ■ «r !■' »••/ ao( ( hicli it ncvel and no other it any timii^ whereas cfae ift>/r« ill' Cotintrjlm or Hill; cootitrys have winde from every coaft, eadch wbercl md fuch as brjngeth all forti of weather wich o v#pr j/^ haihl it, Rain, Hiil, Froft , Snow, great ciapt of ily being fail Thunder, &c. The Countrie attorde«h not fo akeuperially with the P4C0$ orPcrMyii*^ ^ Sheep ••haViiig pkaty ai^o^f Fi(h and Fow If Mia t «•• fr is goo.4 ftore ojFCott9fli.\vblI» ifl i^rl^j^rtie Peo^ plcfiiF )tli? CoHPftip |reiefppd?)ijr.ffldul^rjo»s, , . Cm ) il cftccm •r !«,M»ol» ^*'»'*'* ^^"'^^ whew ftooa a iffnjpt^pu? , rSaSdl*"^ Irately Pal!i|Cepf,^eSitjgfof|»*w,op\y .oftfe^jfaine «|>gnij:ic, »n4 the fapw P?nf(itijon jyt lefoB? vjrith C^M^^gilf^f. 3. $4^^, com- ^1^; e^e4 iy/^^^wfcp ^* ^« ; ft u a- (qe t>W)F t>y t|i|e, 3pawards, attppfoptof^i d into thn^ 'T^^Jm^^^^^^^ ^^ ^Sm:w^^' which \t h?th.on *** .J^^|v»l*IVtha^dNbi;;h^ Weft fide of if, asd ure fy.*'\''?ll!lid.by X^ei, to crofs ibc wliolt do^^^ tKp ^i^te over from the Souch to i;rvcJ^OXii;h la. ](t is iDhabite4 by five b^tidred Ff oD^ilies of paqijlfldis *t leift, bdn^c Natlve^.J\n4 well fijf - f!e4^ might be tj^ug^^toway^yvvdi !j|r^4 ip ill rctgriSs, but for ; he ,v^ghboaf qd,9f ^ Vulc9iDt ivkicb tt timers ^^u^yeth Tfiry RHic^l^ ; » /i^iffieiy ij;i i;Jic W i jgo, hqqjt voplte4 iftW fti<^iboun4aHfpaf0i-i taidtob^fi 3. lAm of Peru t iogdofne U bouinde \ZHr ; on L9$JiB t^^l'^^ ^^^ wi j?ther fttlpKurogii jp^ttcr^ I !!r iwiivl*^ '^ f^ ^^^ ^^ * "*^^^^ of rl^m^na- f cMed fmtin \ frcqnc by Che tihe So Capc«ii (404 J- ittn leagues diRtnt from Cufco. %p tLbk- bamba^ fourty leigo^f dtftioc from that. 6.Thom€bamba, y. Cuenza,thttttcotctni four ieagaef from ^ito on another roade, bot envtronned on all fides with Mines botli of gold and fiiver, brafii iron , and likeWife ^^ fome veins of fulphur. 8. Loxa > fixteeni ^^"|[ j^ leagues Southward of Cninza, md fcttM^j^j^-^ pleafantlybetwixt two Rivers, in the midftofi ^2 the rich Valley or Plain called t^^^'^^'^^m^^JsQpTL^ 9. Zamorra, twently leagues Eaftwatd oIj-^^ai, £9xa. Theft are all Towns inhabited.by Spal^y tiiards, and lye more within land. Towards MaQiJllf'l Sfn, and upon the Sea coafti , there is firft P^fJd^ irt$ yiei9, (o called becaufe it was the fiil^Qy ^lJ^ Town the Spaniards poiTefled on this Contl]^^ ^7^ fient ; a place of no very good Aire, and therJyg^^ ^^ fore not much frequented. 2. Ma^tu^ ^^i»nal\ ther Sea Town, and of good refort, %iL^l} reafonofthe Trade which is here chiefly dlf^^^^jf ven betwixt Paftdma and '^^ ^^^MM^iii/itf ' j^* ^ St.Jdg^ diGtMia^uii, a famous and Well fl,y(^ quented Empory, feared upon an arme of %i„jgj } Sea, notlar from the mouth of the faid Rir - " CHaidqml. 4* Cafha, t Colonic of Spanii cowards that part of this Province which fc ' call Frtmncia di tas EfmA$$liMt, or the of Emcaldf . 5. St. Mkbails, the ftrft Cc latyon, >m thic. (core and iCt rotdc, lines bot^i 1 likewife 4,fiitteen and fettedj aftwifd ol itcd.bySpaJ fowards th cisfirftFij) If as the fit' I this Conti e,tndthcti Ma»tu> an< rcfort,! e chiefly * and well fj I arme of \ the faid ^ sof Spanii ce which (< I, or thel thelkftO (405 nienKbich the Spaniards built in this Comtm^ called by tha Natives Piura. 6. Pajta^ n finail Town,yet neighbonred by a fafeand well ffcqnented Havcin, guarded agti^aft the windes by the point St. fiiUnaion the North; and on the South with Puuta Piwra ; yet burnt by Ct^imCAvsa^ in the year 1587, and the rich Ifland Piyi»f heer adjoyning , ranlacked and pillaged. f.; . . 4. 3{S0/^fAr0i Jyeth South aind to the South'^an of ^if^ being bordered more dir^Aly Htftward witt|< a part of the Province of Gmana, called by (ome El doraJd, orth^ golden Countrie : on the Somh it hath £1^4 and Csffco. Of the Countrie it felf there is not any thiiig obfervei that may fecpi peculiar: iThe chief Towns arci i. Bae^, built in the {year i^;9 by Ramkii, de AvUa , eighteen igues from Cufcos z. Jrchidon^.tyvtnt^ letgues to the South- Eaft otBoizA. 3. Avu ^4i, 4. Sivilla Mldr0. All of them Colonies f Spaniards. Then is there in the ^firrriit or lilly part of the CoMoitrie more towards the ^ni(i^i^Y4tM$ii. 2. Lyol4» ^. St. Jam dt l0 Mmtannoii all Colonies likewifet at ybu jnay know the Countrie bath foQie* ingj;;! it wort|i the looking ^^ .^ ^ hni'H?^* called alfo lot JK#f|i . luith on § V»\i. V, ■■*■ ^ r w / tU fikii ^ill^ tiii f3it j»irrt clf it^^/c ; I neighboi dn tAi Nonh Lil^MH, • Oh the WeOf jf/it- 1 diA^over ^eielit$^'i'M(iial(it Siidth Cfc^rfi. fhelviaeyan iik.. mttimcilA^ il^i J^n^i^v/ziii onliyho bofl tit ttottlkf s 'df ^iKo UfitttJrtfkifato-\j4ji} kj; w«rds the South : the foil reafonlbhr fettil wtKiimti ii lill ttii^e$;'ls iiisiiig tnfid!i%dJree^i»n}»divhle(llof the fti ?IK «4, of fo i^d theieof ai , . . , . ^-'£* naraiic ri W«, tiV-e l&iiiei dmxhr'i^a'frt the M'^ivm the Arehb itJiiitlitik(fWire I ^'»ii»«(r;:^#o OY tRi^^Mui$t dfUi^ f^iique T\re Ule'S4 l!te I^Viin t^'h^tiKyf iifiiiatbbaiiTiirhece tbc '«h ili^Mks of 9t'M^t^mver%Ue' VaUf ine , mi -^bl&ii^iwW cbflWi'dri!Vt,ht^tKea¥)i(lfIobiky:;a liei Or tf <)^f^; ihb Aire ViMe)f/Aiffill;%^- which they call The Ptmfitf^^ Kin^i, It is Feared 411 c;ht Valley f^i\Lim49iOni: of the ftutcfulleft parts of all Ptrmi jmA fo tlichbetteindtly built, that all the chief ftceics of the the tiU' Cttieopbn upon aiafic:Markee-placejorrPi4^ tfll Itiire «4/of iuch a largdV{mre>thacupq!ftitji9^dei tlit;'ifi^(j cheieofiire built, in aftitely and convienknc lli^yx^ir^ nanndr ilie Cathttirffl Gharch atid^Paliiceof ^;%te#^^^ the Vice- Roys Pala^^jrund dt' Poimlourtkof Jaftice, with theExcbcqoer^rpub- ictt f^ilique T^itifury , rho Tdwa- Houf4^ pr^place [tbbBk^^^ Mtgiftrates meet j9t|d 4ioi4 sfii^itiill^hpfe^ the publt^e Armory Mr Miga- ^wVatlAiiie, 9tid> divers dther fair buttdin^gsi^ the tfiM¥xOTJobility: i and better fc^^^^ Gitt2;ciM«[ : The Sl1,^%d^TOMI&City i^ envirocied^ tbund ab^^iitwith inS ^d^tfvoft delicace fields isroc^pkafana gacdoasj and U ^^^i^P'fc « Citizens boufeiviMiiiii but by the opof^ r, '"'^^^A-firij^ilJli River wbicb runneth by ie^i^ well f lyed with iivater< Briefly; as Jt k iheMc- il^.imd^wJropolif df Pfrxr^thittfi the.diief kitt prtacipiil neighbouri D d 4 Cicie ' . J*, ) 'fth( Natitet, the quahtity of ninehuodre Ihoii^nt l>ocketi of gold and Giver, befid whathii Sooldiert areluppofed tohavefeiz' on iiAd coAveighed away before < he cam 8. 604rc0, a Colony of three hundred Sp fititdif fifteen leases to the Southward! T^ehacama, rounded with the beft fields f( AVlieit ^' all "Pirti. 9* Valvtrdt i • ^ inhabited >y fire hundred Spaniar V • V • ••' •<• and tho the Sea, wheretta name, a 10, Ca^ fttift In in the V; by rcafoi are abou fort of anddeli| ca^ onci from Zii fre(h Ail very ric through I divers.o fignedfc for Tan Town,tl %i» leag towards for the if thelaUK threw an •fterwai Liondii wherein tiitKke. co Lima^ A Town Uormoft nit bails Scowtgel ftvf d from >irg to the ted by Sit tod theicj :doneiaf( isfaidtobi y t wallol Ofdinani tcami, foui )f;ablechief s^whoiis td QidTe{npl| inehiiodrei Wcci bcfii ohnvereiz'l « .h« ctin< sndied Sp] ittthwtrd ( eft fields f^ 1 Spiiniari r (409) and thoogh le fixteen ieaguj^sdifttncefrom the Sea, yec well traded and rich : The Valley wheretta it .lyeth^ and from which it takejmd afterwards ufed as hath been faid. Ltdty 1 3. Leon dtGmnucoy fo called from the Territory wherein k ftandethi a rich sqid pleafant place, Deifig n^ighbo ftnt Vill aH of tt (:4M> ) being tnciently a Palace of the Kitrgs of 7^r^ very magnificent and ftaceiy, now likewife mvLth beantified with Houfes both of the Spa- fii(h and Peruvian Nobility, fome Coidvents of I bilterico Religious men, and a Coliedge of Jefiiit^. I l^uiintM i$. C/ir^9 is tiie farre greater paitofchePro-lby Uie S yince of P^r/i, containing genen^lly airthelind well Sierf'a or Hill Couintries, and thofe pirtsofltMreercbf the Andes likewife which lye Sombward of thepciftward little Province or Cantred. of G^anMc^, being I hcs*j,* n coifted Weft ward and to the North weft with I fitua t^^ s Zinta; Eaft ward with Lai^ix^SytndfomtiC^vimrk pkiiofGmana ; and on the South with CWJtDiVn ra cats bi joying for th^ mod part a. temperatelpdbr ViTl and good Aire, ndther over. heated with theltance ant > ■ (corching San in the day,nor damped with any cold (riitts or dews in the Evenings ai fome parts of the Plains ol^nu are ; but well wa- tered with many frt fh Riversi which make the Valleys and lower grounds of icgood paftu rage, and to maintain great Heardfof Cattel. Ttus Woods efpecially (iiored with the Cwm, whofe leafe is counted fo reftorative as we faid Chap. 7. and with much eaceile^c Venifon. Thej)rincipall Towns and places of Trade hi it anenrft Bom^o>iy (ituate upon a Lake calied|yet ancien Chiffcha^pcha , fakl to be ten leagoti in coii9|it being tl ptfsy begirt roondaboutatmoft with hills, andpionatcih ^'^^^^ neighbourt Qaicki-rtij and whrc yetrijij^ TaAd Spkh Cm$.6: and anicic one hund fttint tr^ti r^nd ab itfklfkkt of 7^^^ I neighbottfl^^WHh many other lefler but pieii^ iikewife I ftnt Village*, i* Turcos^ once a Pahice Roy. ■the Spa. I aH ofthe*/«r»V, ftaecd on the top of a little ^ tivents of |bilteiic<^p^fle(i with otbsr^locky arid higher bit^. I Ktoiint^mi ^'ilt (Ides. -i.GtiMangd, cdted -thePro-lby tiie Spahikrtfs.ifjr. JuaHitihyitmU.iiik lyaUtheliirid well bmit City, and an EpifcapiU Sea, ; puts of I threefcbre aAd ten teagues diftant from £«iiim ird of the I Eastward ti^i^ffi7^^, another Palace of the , icd, being I Inc^'s^' noW i good Town of the Nativei^*and weft with|rituate, aKWhipj^dfed; in the very midft of the CoUttf He of ^f>*i^; 5. GHancapttica, a new Town' raircd from the condition of a ittry J>d6r VitUg§;W i place dfvfciy great iiApofi. cance and tfntfique, only by the Mikies> of Qakki-fiiVef V t^fa^hich we (pake Chap* iiw E^ s^giocnciahd which ware nrft difcovered there incHi wellwa-|yetri565r It Is riowinhabiti^dby twoihou- _ make thelraAd Spi^fotds at leaft^ und twite ai many Nai. 5od pafta-ltlvcs. 6. nfuj/ri^, the chief City of Jthe Provincd, ofCattcl.Uiirf anciently the feat of thcKmgsof^Tv^, the C9C4, one hundreid ^kA twenty league;! or moi^dr- tiwefaid ft&nt itaWLtihk, to the Somh^Eaft, begirt . Ventfon. rMiml abont with Mountaini, and the Oti^ Trade in it it fklf felted\^il atujgged tndiineqt^ll Soile- ake called yet anciently Very magnificent tndbeautifbll'; ti in com- it being thecoftdlne ^f tYk^cat or Purovian hills, and Mtonaitchs/ llMfc icVery one <0f their NobiH^ fighboure^ - (hould and fame rtth Cha,r' temperate i with the I with any as fome 14 / Un) •(;■■■%_■■ ■ m fliottld build themfelves t PaIicc ia chit Cicie . whore the Pilace Royali wu. The Incas P«. I 'P^ lice here was fuftly countc4t)neofthcwon-lj^*'^*,.^ dertof the World : it was built on the top of I f^.^^^^ t very high Mountain, on the Nprth fide of the I '^r ^°l Citie, walled round about, and forchemoftrP ^^"'^^ part of It, with three fcveral walls all of roaffy I '^^ *°^' ftones, and chofe of fuch huge ftupendiousl!^'^ , fcfgnefs, yet moft exaaiy laid together and! '^^"S^' fitted one with another, that th^ Spaniards, coniideriDg the Indians had neither Inftru- inentf of Iron, or any thing elfeto polifliand fashion them, nor Engins to draw them up to that height, nor Co much as Carts to fetch them from the Quarriesand places whei^ they were found, ivhtch was eight or nine leagues di* fiance, and over no fmall Rivers, faid plainly, 'cwas the work of the Devil, and not of Man, icflownc hapl dai Mbnom cence&j were ver feys or t which th had cau mod Cc to lay them there : which feeming a thing not! J^*'^ /o eafily to be fuppofed> I muft, for my part,! ^ P^J as plainly confefs, 'cis a Pcoblein romewhacM"*''^^ ibove my capacity at prefent to refolve, vizi P*"* ^^ . how it Qiouldcometo pafs, that not only herej !!l '^^ ^ but in divers other pirts of the CountrieJ nn^ \ where the IffCM and their Nobility had theid . ^ ^^ Palaces, fuch evident Monuments of abJI'^^f/^ folute Art tnd Skill (bould be fouo J Jj'^"''*! among a People fo abfolntely ignoraoo ^f ^^^ cbttCitie ItlCSi Pt« -chewoa- the top of (ideoftlie ir the mod llofmaffy opendtous ;ctber and Spaniards, er Inftra- polifli and hem up CO fetch them they were eagues di lid plainty> otofMan, I thing not )r noiy part fomewhac folve, vi^ : only herd, Coontrie ;y had theic ti of ab- be found ignorant an snd unacquainted with Art, as the Amt- \ ricant were reported to bt. It is now quite decnolilhed 9 and converted to private dwellings; mV/ the walls arc permitted CO ftand, as well to teftifie the greatnefs of the ancient ftrueture, asbecaufe the ftone9 thereof Cas mine Authoi: Laet reporteth j are fo hugely ponderous &big, that the Spainarda knownot well how to remove them, and pec* hapl dare not venture upon it. Many other* Monuments there were of the JncMmtgiAfi^ cence & greatnes^as befide their Tempks which were very (lately and rich. Thofe publick Caw-^ feys or tugh- w , pav*d and laid with ftone, which the Incdt^ with incredible coft and paint had caufed to be made from CufiQ to the uc- mod Confines of their Kingdome, ai large a^ it waSj oneiy for the eafeandcommoditicof the people ; they allmeeting at Cufc9 fi^m all quarters y Iks fo many imei from feverall parts of the Circumference, and Concentring in the midft of the City, upon i Pm«c4 oc Market* place, one of the faireft in all Pnu. The weialtb which the Spaniards found here ii not to be cftimated ; all the VelTels, and U« itnfillsi of what fort foever, belonging to the Inem Palace, beine faid to be of perfect Silver or Cold; ali tneRoo^tiindChaai- "^ bcri i. >■' 'V^ ■ • ■' • bersof the Palace: tVaififcoced and ceiled with Gold ; bel^de an infimte numbisr of Birds, Bcafti, rjwles^ SerpCDCs a tdDt^ef creatures^ cttved aiid wfooghc all of GaM or Sitver.Nor was it othe lik in due proporcion | in the Palaces oft NfobS icy : ail were fotiod ineftji* mably wesitby and rich : An4 yet ti^ thought, what they found above grounds was nothings in cpmpaipiron of that which ttey m^t within the ranfadciiig ol Ce]iar$» Vajultif mdofhec fubteiiincous places , where the poor. c;00r quefed Peruvians bad endeityoiired tQ cm'^ vey^it oirt of fight ; Which was fuch th|t ko much fi paflable though been abi their def r S. c tries, wl the Prpi Lima^ 01 and to cl of M(nir tinued T far ai ti^ The CoQ this day, they fay , t'hofe treaAirei are not ei« I hanfted, but that in digging tipon occafion uo- 1 ^^^^^^^ der giround, they ftiU chop upon ibme good qciaotities pf concealed Metals.. The City ^ {^refent is thought w cootainiboiethii^teeo or bortecea thoufand inhabitafits^ whereof the third part only Spaniards^cfae idft NmIvc^* y. St. Fruncifeo dtia vittrndy^^^^Aony of Spaniards ficuate at the foot of tfce Andits^ twenty leagues dtdatit frooi Cmf^o.t. St* fHmdtloro, another Colooyintlte VMIeyof £?"*^^ Caravaya , oeighhoured with rich Mices of f/^^' ^} thepuraft Gold.of Pfm/ Bayemd which pla- rS^^A «e$, more towards the^^fz/diere arefaid q, !l t-//? .:->i&u ^ v.^in,.cr/^ ■ c^, y 8. Ctfiif^aJyeth Southward of thofe Conn- tries, vvUch goe under the generall name of the Province of Cufco , having on the Weft Lima^ on^ l^Q South cW^^; but Eaftward 9nd to the NoTth-e^ftf Jc is Aiut up by a ridge of Mo^ntain^s^ running in one body or coa* tinned TtaA from the; confiiies of O//^^ as to con-'lfaj at th|5 iCityt of Cufca, where they divide- ch that W l^fjg Conntry generally iplain, commodioufly ren<>^^»-lwatered in ail parti with frcih Rivers, and F*"^" ^*^^ I confeqaently afFordiiig rich pafturage and ^"^^S^^Mgood heijrd* of Cattail; : U is thought to be le City ^ jtiie moft populous Country of all Peru ; whit b**^^^^ ^1 through c;l\e.fQ»ndocfs and>^ unpaffable, and havii g one only mn pificawfcy leading to it, reported to be for two X are laiar^ ^^^^ leagttci together no broider than to """3 ■-' t^ V * W rf,«i; ,1 (^6) -^•■>^r -J - . , \' pcrmttOTte (ingle peifon to tntrebconventealy upon it. 2. 4f4t/iV^,by the Spalttards cilled Lm ScfHltHra$^hftm%t^\ttt efp^ially eno. bled by the ftacely Monuments of the Pera« vian Nobility^ which were found there. ;. Hatuncollaf the Mecropotiroi^ chief Town of this Provinc tea ted u pon the banks of the River C^r^v^jr^i whofe fands are very fnuch fam'd for Gold. 4v C^ixr^i^ir^; a Colony of Spaniards upon the banks of TiV^^^i one of the greateft Lskes that belong to America laid to be fonrfcore leagues in cottipafs, Having msny miaii Iflarids in it of a goiftd ind frQicfull (bil/:abounding in ' fiCh and yiriety of Se^ fowl. It a fupp6fed to bi fodrfcore leaguei di&ant likewtfe from the SottthSei/^having only oneEftuaij or M^iuthiwhich i^fomething ftreit, but ^of mch t deep water and violent ftroami that, uAc^JhatSiifi^th ofk^ it is not poflibleto builds Bridge of ftonCi or timber over it. Bat the Natives iiiftead theipeof have laida Bridge of ftraw upon it, vdihiih ftrvc s as well; v/«. fo matiy great bundtes of ftraw ledge ot fuch like matter, well and fnrely made tip^ and f aliened together, as will retch fronj mt iide Qr bank of the EAuary to another; tt which likewife having made them fure, the; aft fome good quantity of more ftraw an :.:: i fedg fcdge u venicnt pafs thi doe' otb place o( lad To thereof i [Wmfelf, ; find Due pftuiry inly for t bus buil food ther re faid t( fcce, fifte [hfck. 1 itatues of TODght , i likewi Its, not len ufed »y other oj ^ce. It if ted upoi litfull Plj '. It lyei| i<^6» four( ■.'./'jpv'Tyr^. '.-T»'7.-i r4»7) ivcnTenly ds cilled illy cno. it Peru- 1 there. icfTown ikiofthe fedge upon them, and have t Bridge veryron^ venienc , upon which they doe jboth fecureiy pafs themfelves, and aUo drive Cartell and doc' other neceflary buiinefs. The Town is a place of extraordinary Wealth and Tradings, md fo condderable , that the Governour thereof is always named by the King of Spain :ty much Ihimfelf, and his place eftimated at fifty thou- >ilony of Ifind Duika tis per a mum. ^.Tiagnanaco at the 4^ oneoflEftusry or Mouth of th;; Lake, memorable AmerUa lonly for the ruines of certain great and (lupen* fi, having llious buildings, which anciently, it feemi, have d fraitfuU Itood there,the ftones whereof (Ibme of them) y of Sea- Ire (aid to have been of thirty foot length a re leaguelliece, fifteen foot broad, and fix or feVeo foot »li/^having|hick. There were like wife found the fotne thing Itacues of certain men excellently carved and id violent wrought , of a Gigantine Stature or bignefs, it, it is not fd likewife veftedin forrain and ftrange hi- or timbertcs, not ac allufed, nor ever known to hive ^reof havepn ufed by the Peruvians themfeives, or by h(ccr.'■';<*•' jt ; i'?^ 41 ^ v.. an das many from Potoicii the Cai^ntry round about it not a iictie famous for the beft fort of Mines. There arealfo, 7. Chilane. 8, Ac9s. 9. Pomata, and (ome others ; all of them good TownS| but not fo conliderable as thofe 0- ther* , ■ / '•■- ■ -•,-.^',. ..:\ J. Los Charcm is the furthefl: Country Southward ofthe Province of Veru^ reaching up as far as C&i/i?^ with which on theSou|hitii{ bordered, hiving on the North Lima and Col- 1 Uo ; on the Weft Man del Ztr^ and on the Eaft fome Countries not yet well difcovered J which lie betwixt it and the Province of ParaA gnaji or de la Plata. The Country is faid to be in length about one hi^ndred and fifty league^! meafliring it direftlyi or in a right line froi North CO South ; bqt meafuring it about a^ long theSeaCoaft much above two hundred Not very rich either in Corn or Cartel) alj chough in fome parts it wanteth not go< Paflurage : but of unpamlleld weakh» ii ferpe6tofthe Mines borh of Goldi and Silv( which are here digged ; th^ principal! wl\^eo| are thofe of Ppto^i^^ni, Porco above meni oned. The Towns and places of chiefeft ii porcanceare, i. la P lata^ ox ihfi Silver-To^ fo called from the r^jl Mit^ i of Silver ihcru a^utSi namely thofe of Z^r^oii whi^h jia '^ ^ net y round I; (GKt o£ *jax good thofe 0- Country neer adioyning to the Town. It had been an- ciieociy a Mioc of ctie Incasy oc Kings of Perm, yei Md out ao4 continued fo rich, even to its laft difcovery by the Spaniards , thar 'ds thought Pi^carro if reafon could have ruled hiai, might here only haye raifed hirolelf a rent of two hundred thoufand D^ckttspir annum. reachmg |gQj y^ jgg|.g ^^^ hopes, firft tafinde more at louth It |s|p4to«f> and afterwards his ambii^ioo and gree- and C'o/-|^iQefs to have or command all, carryed him nd on ™|i;q violent courfes which proved his ruin, as ifcovered J|^((i [,££„ (^y , Xjie Town is conveniently fea- 3 of ^^^lied iu a fruicfuU foil, honoured with the Re(i- i (aid to bcl jguce pf the Gavernour of the Province, and cy league J^iih ^ Riihops Sea> faid to be therichcftof tlinefronlp^^^^ t^i*. of ifourefcore ihou(and Duckets ^ ^0^ ^\itvilfer dtfntim. 2. Oropffa^% place of goodivle- >hundredij^l^ ^^^ man may perceive by the name; it Ueih Cattel) alfn ij^ rich and pleafaut Valley of CQchobamba^ not g<>^twejt!ity leagues diftant from U Plata. j.Pi- iveahh* 4j^f^ before ihedifcoyery ofthe Mines a poor and SUv€Lq^ fo^^y Village, now tte richeft and beft U wh^eoLgppi^ J Town ofthe Province, inhabited by ^ovem^nA^ )^i chin four or fivethou&md Spaniards, hiefeft ia||^4 ^f the Naiives many more> befidc above iriy thauitnd poor Negro-Slaves and other pie belonging unto and labouring in the iuGS; wfa^le dwdlinga w in dtveti little Ec2 yilljgci iWer^M ne Villages thereabout! : a place hugely reforted unto, both by Merchants for profit, and by Gallants for their pleafure, and chough lying in a cold and but barren foil outwardlyi yet fo well accomodated with all things, that no- thing can be defired more : and we need not wonder it fhould befo; for where money is, there is alwayes the beft Market. The place lyeth in one and twenty degrees and foroe Mi* nutes of Southern latitude , eighteen leagues diftant from La Tlata, and about one hundred and fiicy from Citfca ; and may be found both from the North and South Sea. From the South by the way of Ariea, which is a Port or Haven ufion Mdre del Zur^ feventy leagues or thereabouts diftant from it , whither all, or moft part of the Silver of 'Pctoz.iSPorco^ and other Mines of this province, is carryed year- ly upon the backs of the Paces, or Sheep of{ Piru above mentioned, to be (hipped there, for T^anama^ or Lima^ and fo for Spain. From the North it may be found by the Riverj ie la Plata ^ which falleth into the Atlantic Ocean thirty four degrees and fome minut Southward of the Line, and hath many goo Townes of Spaniards feated either upon, oi neer onto it, as namely Butwis %/^jris, Sii Fi^ Cerduba, S$. J^rv d§ EtM^ ana Others, b; whfci which th plentifull rairaiidc than dff£ monly it or more theft loH baps upoi much; it that Che S aboutS| d( with thofi of Europ< would do would give great bet w bable. 4. ^ fmaller T< with all fc jSugar an( moft knot Country, fpakeinthi Itod fackec year 1577 in the Tov Aey fay, warks and :r'fV-'.- which through a plain, and forthemoft part plencifull Country ^ the March to P^r^^f is fo fair and open, that it may feem rather tedious than difficult. For they lay it indeed com- monly at a diftance of three hundred leagues or more from Buenos Ayres^ which is the far- theft Town from ic toward the Sea • but per* haps upon tryall, it would not be found fo much; ic being otherwife certainly reported, that the Spaniards of Petot^i and parts there- aboutsi doe frequently come down and trade with thoff of Butnos Ajru^ fqr divers forts of European Merchandife> and others , and would do much morCi if the King of Sfam would give leave, which if the diftance were fo great betwixt themi perhaps were not fo pro- bable. 4. Mifqm. 5. LagHnilld. 6. Tarixs, fmaller Towns , but fuch as furniih F«r««j with all forts of good WinCi WheatCi i9£ij«| Sugar and the choifeft fruits. 8. Ariea the moft known and frequented Port of this Country, upon Marc del Zwr^ of which we fpake in the difcription of P^^tf^iMc was taken ind (acked by Sir Francis Drake, Jn the year 1 577 , wh^ found good booty both in the Town and in the (hips ; but isfince, they fay , better fortified both with Bui* warks and Ordinat^ce, as doubtlefs the Ec 3 great .i' ■ jo. ■-'■'» ^•,i -■*. r 411 ) greac importance of the place requketh. I in their 1 Chap. XIIII. Of the Fr§vince of Chik. I '■ ^ I. 'TJOHowfngthtcoiftofiW/irf rf^/^«y, JL or the South Set, the next Province pertiining formerty to the Kingdome of Pfrir, i$ that of CM/f. This is the moQ Sontheriy Province of the whole Country of America, reaching up as far as i^n^/iAfi^i Streits^ with which to the Southward it is bounded: North- ward it hath aDefftrt/and undifcovtred Country, lying betwixt itmdthe confines of Peru calkd Atacamai on the Weft it hath tMare MlZ$er, and on the Eaftupto Riodt U PUta^ the Atlantick or North Sea, with feme Countries undlfirovered, which inter f)ofe betwixt it and FarA^naj to the North Eaft. It lyethail of it beyofid the Tropique oil Spaniards Capricer^^ in a temperate Zone, and exteftdetn withrthen itfelf in length from the borders of 7friy, raihe open the mouth ofrfieStreits five hundred kagfM^towns, i or more; but the breadth of it neither equall and Cbm nor certain. They fay 'eis atikd CBle norJ Pedro Btt the word CkiL which Vwpi^^coldi it fteni cotifcnted many pa ciiigi tha intrtivelli ards fou and difco ixk&ofL the great in this ma Andes^ an parts of ii parti, yet weli wat( fruitfull tl and LMai lent Pafti ofCtttel^ rich Mihei tives of ti ftout and * K •fe" .»'•»•.:■> in their langutge as well at oars^ it being ge- nerally a cold Mi bleak Country, the aire in many parts of it fo extremely (harp andpier- ciiigi that both Horfe and Rider fonietimes intitvelling are frozen ta deaths as the Spani- ards found by experience in their firft fearch and difcovery of the Country, under the Con-* duA o^Diegd Almagro^who is faid to have left the greateft part of his men dead behinde him in this manner. But this is chiefly towards the ^^^/) and on the Sea coaft; the more inland parts of it| though mountainous alfo in fome parts, yet are more temperate, and being alfo weH watered with Riversi are much more fruitful! than the other,afibrding both Wheat, and LMai^, and like wife other grain, excel- lent Pafturage in many places and great (lore of Cattei, Wine,Hotteyi not without many & rich Mines both of Gold and Silver. The Na- tives of diis Couhtry w^^e found the moft ftout and warlike of all the Americansi the Spaniards had hitherto met wtthall> fightlog with^hem and oftentimes defeating them m Ihe open field furprilihg and facking their #own5, and laft of all taking their Captain and Oommander in chief ' Ptifoner. This was Pedro Butdivia^ one of thofe good men that confcnted to the death of Atabalifa the laft ^ Ee4 ^ King ',. '• (4H) King of Peru , after a greater ranfomt ac- cepted and paid, than pethaps the King of Sfain could well raifeon afudden, if he had pccafion to afe it for himfelf. The Arauc4ns ("for To are the People called that had him pri- foner) are faid to have entertained him fort vv^^ile gallantly, nia:.ing him a feafl ; but for his laft driught gave him a cup of melted gold, which the poor man was farced to take down, and fo dyed. The whole Province generally is divided firfl: into ChiU, fpecially To called • and fecond- ly Magellanica^ or that part which lyeth more Southward down to the Streits of c^^- . 2. Chili, properly fo called , is bordered Northward with the Dcfarc and barren Councrie of Atacamn above mentioned ; on the South with MaiillanicA ; on the Weft ivi:h MATi dil Zwr ; Eaflward and to the North- Eaft with fome parti of P^- raguaj , or rather with fome undifco- vcred Countriet , lying betwiit them both. The length of it from North to Sooth is recko- ned to be little left than three hundred leagueii and generally of a fruitfull Soile, afFordtnglniiii^^^ « bcfide aboundance of gold and (ilver > bothlux into ih Corn, Cattelj Vineyardii and divers fortsoflji^ • jd ^■M , ' . i • Fruiti Fruits^ c Sp^n it ( The Aire and the t ons appr and likev^ Americar tributed under wt Europe ; rphcre an< tricall difi (heir Sprii our Autui which is that of Si which is i ing Si. Ba which is 01 ThcTt tanceinthi Town int irincei con ommodio frrrifjfs a '^■I'"-' ( 4M ) >fnt ac- ICing of if he hid Irauenns him pri- lion for t ut for his ced £old| ke down, Fruits^ eqittll both for kinde and plenty to Spain it felf, and (undry other parts of EMropt, The Aire like wife for the inoft part tempcratCi and the Peoplei in their manners and conditio; ons approaching much neereir to the Civility and likewife fubtilty of Europeans, than other Americans did : which doubtlefs* may be^Cl tributed to the conformity of the Climates under which they lye , agreeable to thofe of Etir$pe ; though otherwife in rerpe6l of the i divided I fphere and feafons of the yeeri there be Diame* dfecond- 1 tticall difference betwiit nsi, as for example feth more I their Spring beginning in Siptimin, which if of c^fi- 1 our Autumn; and their Autumn in Marck^ which is our Spring : their longeft day being bordered Ithac of St. Lucj on the eleventh olDumhtr^ 1 barrenlwhich is our Cbortcft; and their (horteft be* ed; onling St.Barnabies, viz, the eleventh ofjuni |the Weftlwhich is our longeft, &c.. ^ .^. .^. - . and to I The Towns of chiefeft note and impor- of P4-|tjincein (hit Province are ^t^Gopiapo^tno\A undifco-ITown in the mod Northerly parts of this Pro^ ;nn both.bince, towards the Sea, where it hath n very lisrecko-lommodious Haven belongiing to it. 2. Ld A leagueiilf rrfif4» a Town (ituate on the banks of C#- affordingi/nWd, a pleafant River a little above ics in* er > bothlux into the Sea, built by SdUUvia, in the year I rort$ofl544 : The Councrie about it very^ rid) io Fruitfl .. Minei ":> MiMKofGoid; md rte Townitftlffowel)|licttc ehc gkritfodM for fM t€ Che Natives, thttwhcntcaftesy the Che English, under Sit Francis Draks^ ^^Vit\b6tits,tni four- fcore years fyict, attempted the gaitunglatmoflt uc df the place, they found h0Cftrviceofit,6eiiiglpl«ce, ,V ftotttiy refifted md beateh tNick again to their|(hore' the firips, by aYaUey^notefethait three hundredl/if^nV/, e ^bd Horfeaffdt\)^ohandltd Foot. 3. ^S'r.^^Jall forts c jro, the prtatii^aM Town oiFtht Province^ a Bi Jz;^ Ccn^e HiopsSea, ami the ordinary reddence ofiMConfiftes .• Governor, lyibg oh the banks of the Riverliforeraid 'i Tofdcatmut i^ t^ thirty fourth degree onMinesofg Southern latitude, fifteen leagyesdiftantfromling. e. I (hi! SMth-Sca, at l^hfch it hath a very com Jfon of this iliodipui and much frequented Haven, whidi^^r^^^ oe they call Valparayfiy and wheina tM Engliftilfouglic [ w met with betteit fortune, as hathheenfaidalJspaniardf ready in the report of Sir Frayiek Drdkfs voyjotherwifeo age. 4. X4 Cowff fi0if, a ftrong Town, feate Jivith killi on the Bay called Penc^, threefcore Or fevient]|niean$ not 1 leagues diftant ftom St. faga cowards thLita, anoth] Sodth, a place not a little fortified both bipirts, nxtei Nature and Art. hiving the Bay and a certaiiand twentil ridge of high Mountains begirtine it almowo named f J round about ; and where it is otherwife mBalJivM, J ceflible, a Caflle And certain Bulwarks wmaSan^fte^^ Oidinahce, beiides a Garrifon of five hundreihe Sea, wn Sodldiers at lead continually in it ; and alport- burl (Ail) fo wen I little tho^^ to <|ef^d it agiinft the ^r^ir* ltwhen|r4»f/> their deadly EnetDieS) who live therea- , Hbeut I b6Uts,tnd tre ever tnd anofti ibaking tncurfions ' gainiogldmoft up to the walls of it. Over agahlt the it,beiiig|place, in Man del Znr, hut very neer the to theirllhore, there lyeth a certain Ifland called «f^. hundred! /^^rifi, exceedingly plentifuli in Swine and [. Jr.^4-lall forts of Poultry , which the Garhfon of ice^aBi-|jL^ Conqeption make good ufe of. 5. Ijps ;e oi i\i\Confines : this is a Frontier Town, built by the tie Rivetjaforefaid SsUivia , for defence of the rith egree oflMinesof goldat Oh^oI, a place neer adjoyn*- :ant fiom|ing« 6. Lalmpiriale, anotl^r ftrong Gatri*- rery com-lfon of this place on the banks of the River en,whiclifiif«f^9f, oeer Co which that great battel wak I EngliAilfought , where Baldivia , with divers other :n faid al< Spaniards, was caken prifonefi who were no ^kfs voy- otherwife overcome, but by beihg overwcarieA !rn,feate( with killing of their Bnemies, and by that r fevtnt] means not able to make their retreat. 7 . Vflhi rards thi rica, another Cololiie of the Spaniards in thefe both b] pares, fixteen leagues diftant from tmperiah^ a certaii and twenty five from the Sea. 8. Baldwin, ic almo( To named from the Commander himfelfPfA^ srwtfe ac Baldivia, who builc it in the Valley of Giv^^ arks wit iaUanqHen^ two or three leagues diltantfrorii \ hundrei the Sea, where it hath a ^(^ and capacious : and alPorC; but aeerercotctheDeftMineaofF^rurt littl " fo ' 1 < \ • fo rich, that 'cis faid, they ycMti SaU'tvia every day, fo long as he could enjoy thetDy twenty five thousand Crowns for every roan thai wc^ught in them. 9. 0/iriM, a Town ly* ing on the Biy of Chihe in a barren Soile one- wardly, but otherwise neither lefs rich, nor left populous than StlMvia it feif. Thefe three towns, vU. SaliivU, Imperiale, and OfcrM were in the years iS96, i$99> 1^04, fur prized by the ^r^iyr^nf// and other fava- gcs confederate with them, fack'd and burnt ; and though the Spaniards be faid to have re- covered and garrifond fome of them with f re(h Souldiers, yet how long they were able to hold them»or whether they be Matters of them ttthis9> 1 6o4,|what more, z/f«. towards £hih and the North- :herfava- 1 weft parts of it ; for towards the South and id burnt Jsouth-weft it ftrcightens ftill more and more • have rc-linfomuch 9 that they which referable the vtthfre(h|Southern part of Amtrica to the form oft e able to|Pyramisreverfed)makes this part of the Coun- ts of themlcrie to be the fpire or top of the Pyramis. It Ikewtfe lolbeareth the name of Ferdinand MAg9Uim^\ the wholelPortagherej who firft difcovered that narrow within thelSeai fo famoufly known by the name of ^4- ? arAgHMViUAns Streits, upon whkh it lyech. It is a \ns ^#if-|large Countrieand fuppofed not to be altoge- but thejlther barren of Metals ; but as yet no great , fourtyUifcoverie hath been made of it : partly by rea* e (peak ofJfon of the excelfive cold to which 'tis thought one hunlto be fub/eft : and partly perhaps by rcafon of Atlanticlfhe difficulty of the enter prize, it being fo far emote, and very hardly paflable in many pta* ftht8Prolccs,byreafon of the huge mountains the ^/y- bi/r abovelfr/^ which bane ^t, as it werei agaisft all ad- faidl : . venturers: ■Q. ,.^?^;'|^,;..^ v^tarers : but chiefly by reftronoftheftout- neft ind uni9imi^bkmiio(thtAra$icanes^ni other Utiiny o( pifile, through wbofe Coup- tf k the march lyeth, and who mult firft be conquered. So that very little can beHaid more of this Countrie, than only to mmc tie Ports and places upon the Seacoafis.atv^'hiiih the Spaniards, and likevvife foine ochar Nf«ti- ons aif feveral times have touched : thie chief whereof upon the South* Sea are hnf^Jjode Iss Jjla^^y a Prompntorie or Fosetani r.w!eot}f "^ lis leagues dilhnt from that of^i^ J^/wost the confines of ^O?/^. 2. Fdirt$idt^^0mfy0^. fkma, fiftii le^g^ es from thai:^ Mnariif^O South. $. La Valle de NntfiravS^A^rMy^ our Ladies Dale, akrge and fitcure Bay, etghf> teen leagues Southward of if^ Stephens, 4* La Ftmta Belgaia 5 . Puertule hs Reyes* 6. fAucona Sin Salida : All of them Souch- waf d towards the Streits. Then is there al- moil ac the opening of the Streits ^ahdeU\ Vatmay C^a DeQtrM, and tome others. U on che Nortk-Sea, and up cowards ilitf del "Plata, the cbtt^pbccs obifervcd ace firft Ric I lafpHXy and the Cape which they caller £ Romeros, about thirty leagues diftant from eb Streits mouth. 2. The Bay of 4Vr. Julia . fourty kagacs Noitbwacd of thac» }• £ turn -■■.■■w*T-*.? Tumo 1 5. The B snd cap] fliippicg^ I fiance of another, \ Cour.Cx;3 to /peak. As fori feen of, 2|n f>v thofe \ WMA, t|i |p«rif of it the South i 'tis comm< (Ired leagu lincj or in one end to difficult, by turnings 01 ever and an |Mountaino iff from wh ith ftorm; ercfirft d Nation e '■r^-^ 4^Jb *'*-• Qout- itftbc 5. The hiiy oS ^nei4d4 : A)l of them good 9nd capafitoiiB H&vens fpc the fecuriey of (hipping, upori thefe coa^fts, 9n4 lying ac a di« {iance of cbii^iy or foiuty letgues on^ fcon v.-r y^BOlte, up towards RU deU Plata, zndthQ ^\J^^j^l^|Coqrrx3 iji ? aragti^j , of which we are next be ciiicf I ^* ^^^ ''^^ -J^rwi themfelvQSy fo rouchfpo- •^^^^^^Ikenof, and likewife foneceAiiry cobeknowa eweotvl'^'^ shofc who fr^gueni cbefe parts of the f^iiro^^r^^*^^' they ^re a nw r^w Scia or Frith, by ^j^|i*«3fe thCi Atlantick Ot^Oior rather foina I'^^^lfNMrif of it, doih fall into -^^tf^«r/^/*r,oc ^ma ^1*^ 5^"* ^^** ^'^^ P»ffage i« long, running, aa Slv eigh-l "* commonly fuppofed, will nigh one hun^ J' jl^; Idrcd leagues together , almoft in a pacalld f /fify^itr'^^' ^^ '^ ^ '^"^^ degtee of latitude froodi I South-r"^^°^^^^^^^^' * ''^^ Ukewife extreradyt ^j^g^g 2 ^difficult, by reafon of the many windings ana "ah^ de l\^^^^^^&^ ^^ ^^^ ^^'t vihich force them to be ypjever and anon altering of their courfe ; andi Ril iiUJ^ounwoQUi high Countrie on both (idei of a 2{^ jit, from whence it is almoft continually bearca de liir^^^ ftorms, both dangerous and terrible,Th6y r^^ i^3vete (irft difcoveredby Ftrt^nandU^agtHanp^ ?M/MfTy ^(^^^ * PortQghefe, but in the fervice 0? I* JEp^KdUiS<>f'^/^s ^^ by him. named M^n %' It: lU ^'•J?fT '"'J'^f' VV ■1! f43») ofp, I. ffUanis Streits : who, although himfelf lived I their Vd} not to return into Spain, being (lain in the con. lother Iik queft of the il/0/iirr4lflands,yeehi$compa.|indtheE fiions did, in the (hip ctlied Vittoria* from|rra(fing (| whence the Cape MU VittorU abovefaid took WifGpod t its name. Thejr lye at the mouth or entrance |^m and tl of them by the Atlantick Ocean, in the fifty two degrees of Southern latitude , and have not above fifty three and fome minutes at their Exit, or opening into the South Sea. There if like wife (ince this, and of but late cimey fmericA thi the difcovery ^thefe Strtights, t6 have found Vdel z$tr, t (horter way ta the Eafl^Indiesy and the tnce of this kingdoms of Cathay and China , than that pfiV/. We 1 which was then only ufed, tfiz. bytheCipetthe Eafte de Bftena Sperauza, and the Coaftof ^^iVi^:lhichlye up a»id fo they doe ; but by reafon of thegreatnrcourfehc difficultie and uncertaintie of the paflfage, 1 1 but as th foppofe neither the one nor the other is mucblird and by I frequented : the Spaniards for the moft partt ^mirka foving themlblves of their American PortslasftrasA upon the South*Sea| from whence they make|nnetb cut thfir t.u'tt^' ^-v«!r^--;- slflived he con- coropa-* from their foyiigei and retums to and from t^e other IndieS) and from f hence ho^ne to Sfain ;^ ind cheEngViih with other Nations of Europe, trading ftill by the Coaft Of ^/nVi^ and Cape lid took |of(?^a/ Htfpf, or elfe by the vvty of ^lexan" ntrance |i^<'4 >nd the Perdan Gulf^ as heretofore, jo^ \ the fifty [id have at their . There oes, viz. covered, fcoverer , fonr or .«[r'^f'),.l mm" XV Chap. XV. Of ParagNay, tr Ric de U FUtd. ' * J > \ I. Tlf 7" Eehave kttn in MdgilldtiicM VV the furthcft, that is» the rooft lan thofe loutherly paic of the New- World, and be-" luch ea-tore it in order all the Weftera Coafts of w&s l>y mmericA that lye either upon or to wants M^-' /e found I ^f/ Ztir, viz. frofD p4iMm4, thefirftPro- and the tnce of this Southern pace down as farts the un thatrr^fV/. Wearenow to return and cake a view heCipeithe Eafiern Coafts, and thofe Countriea ^yrfVi^:|hichlye upon the Atlantick Ocean, flbeering :he great Ir courfe henceforth Northward, not dir^- iflage, 1 1 but as the Coaft leads us for a while Eaft«- is muchlird and by North : for as nnuch as the Land oft parti Smirks from the Strdcs of tJHageidn n Ports! as fir MfMj!/, andalmoft to theEquator, y makelnnetb out with along Eafterly point* little thfirl Ff leG 1* ■^■ ^.■ ■'■ -:jv ..;**. V ofithc JC /ervtce il (omk Lii goMMi lefs thia three thoufand leagaes togslher. The firft Province we meet with on this fide, next to JU^eUanicA, is the Countrieof F^M^ivny, ofcentimes ctlled Ria de U Plata , from the ntoie of an huge River, which runneth for the moft pirCp through themidft of tl. It is bor- deredi as we faid, to the South and towards the Streits with Magill4Mica ; on the Eaft with the Atlantick Oceili; more Northward, orl^J^g^* f^ to the North-Eaftjithath^r^y?/; and on i^^^fj^^''^' Weft thofe nndifcovercd Countries of thePro J Z^rV^ vince ofChUe, of which we fpake- The CounJ JJJ ff* trie Oft both fides the River is reported to he |??.™ very luf^tnd fruitfuil Soil, bearing ht(\iA^!^^^^ thofe which are proper and Native, aU forts ol ^^^'^^^ European Fruits and Grain in great >^<>ttfl| £-i^^*^ dance, wkh Sugar- Canes, as many, ^reat^ anJ ^!SJ^^^ good ^ as any other Province of the Newl^ . . ^ World. Nor is it eiedled by any other Couol fjr,^^% trie for good pafturage and great beards ol Jl* ^'* CatccI, Sheep, Swine ; In particular HorfJ^*, ^*ff are faid to have fomulrtplyed here, that m.t^' '^ thirty Mares, and about fix or feven Stallioolr?/ P"f'< which the Spaniards left there, in the fpace J' J^l^^ fonrty yeers the whole Countrie theieriioJ. £*2^^ cowardi the South, was filled with tbiBreJ^^^''^'*^ of them, running wiUe in grett comptnies tlf " ^^^ *•"< gether, through iU the Woods and Iwrd!./ 1^^^ f f. The e» next om the L for the I : iiboi- towatds laftwith vard, ot| don t1 fthcPro- tie CounJ edcohci ig befidej kf iboufi] he New ler Cottol tictrds tr Uoi(( If that Stalliool fpice lefcaho^ tbcBr iiiiei t Foiti '■ /-."f >'.>•■ V- ot die Coiutiiji; and of excellent meedc md; fervtce if they couM be tamed, it aifardsth likkwife great Aore of wUd Deer and Stags, foiiL^ Lidu^ Ty^srs, &c. not it it withdac gobd Minet, ftosr both ofOold»a»d SrWer;' hut dief%, aft |dh wb^ h ycc difem'sred, of Bralsyaiid ironj andtthePeoptesliogetkcr Sa^ vsge. The lUvct Jl^ Wfiai^a, whkb, as we fiid dfvkles the Cmiatiyi ia oneof the \n^9£ of the wlbdrle VV^iid, i^f ^r^cTs fu{)pidfe4^ OQt ef the Lake caUed ^ lU Harajn^ three Kundredi leai^er^r more within land^api ftiKog ineb tihf Adantidc, of ttoFth So^ ni thiity font degtiets^^of Southern^ liottofdc, witb an Eftuaiy or Mi&Mi of thircj^, or two* and flrifty lesgoei o^if •' ^ • ^ • :v{V-v^..v'.-Vm ;Vv The whelb Coantrf i^ ufiitHy yidivi-i'' ded* kita three infemiM^ FtovJncQs, which ace; i . Rwh M Fhp^ i;roperiy {9 cadledv '2. Rio d^ U flMt^ properly fo catted^ is thai pave of the Conimy, which extendethfC fetf on both fides of the Ritet^ ia length m»- liy kagues together, but n^ s^fwersbte in [breadCh ; a«d eofUaineth theiSs Towns^of chief- left note and impof tance^ vii^. i . BnefmAym^ m roflde citfedf JLa TrimM , oir the Soi»- thern banks of the River ii U tlM^^ fixi^ -X^'...:-^ i Ffa fOttf »■ % four lesgueip they fay, from the Moiith of it le it feated commodioofly it the foot of ^i little Mounttin, «and fortified with i Mud- wall, a little Caftle^ and fome pieces of Or- dinance. 2. Sta. Fii in Engli(h St , Faith^ fifty leagues aboTe BHtmiAfra^ upon the fame River and a richer place,chiefly by reafon of their cloath, of which there is here one of the greateft ManufaAnres of all thefe partrof ViTH* 3* Nuifirs Sennord dela AjfumptiMy commonly olAtA AffumptUn only, lying yet higher up the River almoft one hundred leagues, a well built , and well frequented Town, (aid to be inhabited by two hundred Families at leaft of naturall Spaniards, beiides MefiU$sjk% they call them,which are the breed of Spaniards by the American People, men or . ivomen ; and MnUtM, which are likewife their Race, but begotten upoaNegroes: of both which chert are reckoned to be here fome iThoufands. 4. L0 Cittdad, Real, or more commonly called Oiiwfr#r,fourrcore leagues Northward from tAffnmpm, feated on the banks of the River Parana in a fniitf ull Soil) as thd Country generally is about all thefe (da- ces , but the Aire here not fo bealthfiill. 5. St. Anne^ upon the (atfjie Ri?cir. 64 St. Sal i^VVJcftwar ft"'' f-.rr ; 5-y try of 3 borders covered That ps well ma veryfroi neither I togethei and plac the prin Hiops Sci hundred Buenos a feated at but othei both for ( try, twcB /•. 3. 7; vera, asi binks of ted by ac ding rich J faftures o great plen a farre 1^ parts of? of this p '/> I of it t of ^i Mud- rfOr. Fakhs, on the 1 reifon : one of partiof mndred hundred . belides he breed , men or likewife rocs : of ere fome or more e leagues d on the fuUSoib hefe pit- :tlthfttll I St. Sail ; . \Vefl; wird of U PUta^ lyeth the Coun- try of 7Wiiiii»49f, extending it (elf as far as the borders of ChiU ; t Country not yet well dif- covered either to the North or the South. That part of it which lyeth toward Ciiri/r is well manured and husbanded , and likewifie very frnttfttU : But that towards OUageBanicd neither the one nor the other, remaining al- together untitled and barren. The chief Townt and places of note are, i . St, Jag$ dt EfiiC9^ the principall Town of the Province and a Bi- shops Sea» feated upon the River £/?rr9, one hundred and fourfcore leagues diftant trooi Bnenos Ajres. 3. St <,Mich49l dc Taeamatt^ feated at the foot of an huge rocky Mountain, but otherwife in a Soil the fruitfuUeft and be/^ both for Corn and Pafturage, of all this Cotti-* try, twenty eight leagues diftant from St.fa^ 1$. 3. TaUvtra^i^t Tljjfefirs Senmr4 d$ TaU4, vera^ as the Spaniards call it, (ituate upon the binks of SaUdo^ in a good Soil* and inhabi- ted by an induftrious People^ grown exeee- ding rich and wealcl^, cheifly by their Manu- faftures of Cotton^ woolli whereof they havo great plenty, and by which they drive a Trade as far re as the Mines at Ptf^m> and other parts of Pirn. 3 • Cvrdnbn another rich Town of this frovinceand of great trade^ as lying T Ff 3 : le } ..''^ tc ta^qHtli difliturc, vm. of iicy laigues, both fcosn Sta.Fe, Asuhey ctU k^ or St^FdtbsJn jtbe Vimnncc fof Lap Utattboyc(M^f torn Stfu* M it U frcmera tc the CoMOCry trf'CiU/p ; ind ttloMrfl in cfae road way from Pouzi aad liiofe jnitf nfPerH to Jiy^n^f ^f^^ ^"^ ^'^^ North Set* There ai« like wife the TowDcs 5. Choci* -ntcA. 6. S^cocha. 7. CaUMfuU. 2. tJiUrata «ikI others * but belonging fbr the moft part ^liieredaced Natives. 4. Std Crux ii i'ffrrii if a little Territory ^ac leaflitn coraparifon to foivieothen( lying towinb Ptru , and reckvoel by feme fine fafC^thePfomceofPfr/y. Itl}^bc€wkt Ihe twofreac Vi\s^% of PMagmajtni Cmaf^ij, HfKhofldrcd Iea|^es4ifttnt, a»tisfaid|from ^mcm y to which yet, in fome caii(iBi it is IM)o«4iiiate. The Soil of ^ Coimtry abun- 4iHitily fecciU in ail Ibiti of Anecican Fraits, Mides good fflency both of Wheat md Mmjl^ icaxfity of nothing nfefuH formtos lift, sniefi jc te fteiAi water in fome places. The diiefj To«ms of it tne, i. Su. Cruk^ fitaac;e at the ^liftofi great Monntain or Hillp but opening i»p»n a large Plain, Whofe tbirfly drienefs is wdl refreftied by aceftain Brook or Torrent, ^fhicdhitfiiecli ontoft neighbouring MouotainJ ft aiftw leagues 4iftant from the Town naiccth a pretty •«i<^ enitory «( lying nne fine bccwkc ld|from (ei ft is y tbun- 3 Frattf, e, ankis heditef e at the opening eneft is •orrent, (HHitiin, ntkcth a pretty a pretty Ute which fapplveth the QovoMy (faereabloiHs both with frcm water and 6m good plenty i. il4rr^f4» i Town fupppfcd (0 be not abiove threefore leagtiei diftant firpBi ?otoKu i. N9va'%i9i4^ Qnce a Colony qf Spaniardff bot fickcd and fpoiledby the Sa- vages of thefjs ptf rii about the yeare 1 548^ and tb^ fif ft Difcoverer of the Country, name- ly Nunnaii Chdvis treacheroufly mur^^ml by a Native ; (ince which timei ^tis faid to have been defected. i-.P ■»"i o , I { .1. r mJm .Chap. XVI. ' f* t' .f hiSi.VJt ■' - I. V ,*. » w ,'. . .«ii.*i.- <«<*!. 41 « t Northward of ?^^f^% or itip ^ /j F/irr4^ lyeth the Country of 1lr4f%U « large Province of (hia Eafterly part of %y4fmrkii% and bounded to the Eaft with Afk* fi Jkl N§r$^ or the Aclantick Ocean; on the Weft with the tyindis. On the North it hath the great River iM^ragnm^ which dividea it from Guinna^ io4 on tK South farAgu^j. Ic containea in length meafuring by the Sea coaft from North to South, two hundred leaguies and more J but in breadth^ that \%hwa the 4n'^ its to the Set, fctrfc half fo much : of which like^^ife but a fmill porcion is yec difcoveredi and left poflefled ; The Porcoghefef , who trs Mtfters ofthe Country, holding only fome few plates towards the Sea, wichfo much of the uplands as the Inhabitants chtreabouts canttfes leaving all the reU to the Natives, ot fbch as will adventiire funher for ic. The Country is in fome pares mountainous, and well fet with Foreds and huge Woods, ycc generally of a Champaign and low ground,| conunodioufly diftinguifhed and watered with good Rivers, The Aire for the moft par found and heaUhfulI, being Taid to be ver much cleered by certain freQi windes from th Southward, which they hive almoft continu ally all along upon checoafts. The Soil woul be admirably fruitfull, were it not for over much rain • co which, efpecially in fome part the Country is fubjedt. Neverchelefs it is won derfally pleneious, and aboundech with fugar Cinrs, more than any other part of^Amnk betide ; the Pof tugheles here having their Ingi fiiost as thev call them, or fugar- Mills, up am down in all Darts ofthe Country, with man; thoufands or Slaves working in them, whict are brought them yearly out of (7mi^j, Cm l$t and other parts of c^frick: And 'tis a qier ^ " chandifi chandife Portughc year ivit dred and every Ar as fome fa wife grea they com fed both of Cloatt be of fuel milies of Arme of wage and overflowe the year i ftedly on ( ftrangc an any other feen in At 5.(^r.and and barbai eating Hi mity, Slid deft : boti the Andij^ whocQ the in(hape. ^440 chandiredoubcleff of hageprofic to them ; the porcu^hefes being fuppofed co cranfport one year with another only out of ^r^}i/ a hun- dred and fifty thoufand Armies of hne fugari every Arnbi concaining twenty five Bufht^Is, as focne fay,of Engtifh cneafure. There islike- wife great quantity of thit red wood, which they commonly call Jfr-^y?/- wood, fomnchu- fed both in England and other parts for dying of Cioath. The Trees of this wood are faid to be of fuch incredible bignefs, that wholeFa- milies of (he Natives live upon or within an Armeof them, and they are a principail Sto- wage and refuge foir them, when the Land is overflowed with waters, as at fome times of the year it happens to be, and that unexpe- ftedly on the fudden. This Country is another Afrkk^ abounding with variety of many flrangc and prodigious creatures, more i«i n any other part of the New-fVorld^ as may be feen inAnthors, cfpecially Laetlih. 15. caf. 5. e^r.and the Natives generally no ieis iavsgc and barbarous, going for the mod partn^dked^ eating Mans- fl.fti; the men cruel to ciitrea- mtty, Slid the women as wanton and immo- deft : both of them, cfpecially more towards the Andij^ hairy all over like bruit beafti, from whoic theyfecm but little to differ, (a ve only I in (h«pe. The ■ ^ ■{..;»"",..— ^^- The Country is not as yec divided into Pro* irincesoc fuch mcionftii diftrids^ as the other parts of cXmerka generally are, although there be found among them as many ftverail forts of People, and of different languagies, as in any other Country, but into certain Pre** fe6tares or iefler Governments, whkh the Portttghefes have erected and fetied, only for the command and better „ fecuring of thofe parts which themielves hold in the Country. They lie all of them towards the Sea coaft, and are reckoned to be about thirteen in number viz. -^^ * •2 . The PrefeAure of St. Vincent^ bordering on Rio di 4d PUta^ and inhabited by the mott civill People of £r4/S/| where the Portnghefes have thcfe Towns of note, vU. L$t Saums^ at the bottom of a Bay> or huge Arnaeofthe Sea, with an Haven belonging to it capable of (hips of good burthen. It lyeth two or three leagues diftant from themiain Ocean, aad was taken and held bv the Engli(h under Sir Tl»- mM Cavendifi, u>me two moneths together, in the yeare 1 5 2 1, but ii now better fortified with a Wall, two ftrongCaftles, and fome pie- ces of Ordinance. 2. St.. Vinemt^ not above four miles diftant from Los Smtos^ and better iutit, only it hath not the benefit of fochi ^ .:v«ood Igbod Havi liouthwaf^ Idiftance. ^ ji Maunta lous. Itt'ofpi Iwards ^ jit ovttJooi lis neigbboi |of Gold it )r feven k tanks of /i try. The Pre ofrorpe(% into the open fieUs^ both to- rn Pre** Iwards the Eaft, Nocth and South ; weftwatd ftch the lie oineflooketh a lictlc Wood orForefl:, and )nly for lis neighboured, they fay^ with very ckh Mines )t thofe lof Gold in the Mountaanes Pernapiacaha^ fix ouncry. lor fieven leagues 4i(bac. 6. St. Philifjonthc ^aft, and Katiks odnUmiisi a fair River of this Coun- nttfDbcr|try. The Prefcftore 6f Sio it Jantir^y a difirid Mrdering lof <(his Country iim^ held by ithel^rench^ bdC the oQott Itakon from theti2 by the Porrughefes in the ughcfeslyeare K58, at) d ail the French put to the ^^niti, Isword. It hath thefe Towns, i. Cdigni^So aeoftheltuoBcd firom that famous Httgwof Ga/par €0- capable l/i;iii Aduairal of Franct^ by whofe affiftanoe or three laiid encoufigenieiM: chiefly it had been peo^ dwaslpled by the Fi?ench; being festedonaSayot Str 7ibi-|tbe BLiver Jjiftffr^ a. St. SeiafiUm^ a Town gethe^Jbuilt by the Pertughefes at ohe Mouth of tte '()ffi{ied|faid Say, and fortified with four tf^roog Biul- me pie-lworks. 3. AffgtM dt Us Rejet, twdve leagues t aboveldiftant ft om St. Sttafiiam weft ward, bdide dhetterlibflie Barrougbs ^^ Natives very popiUouSy }i fofiha good but neither ftroog nor fortified. •» < <♦ The '"■^:a' (444 /' '' - ""''' '■^ The Prefefture Ml Spirits Sdnto, oneif tt noft fercil Prefedfliips of all Brafil,pkml fully ftored with Cotton- woolly wtcered wict escellent Rivers, efpeciaity that which thej cill Parayta, of t large ftream, and full o] good fifli. fhe Prefeftore it felf is not ver]^ large, as having one only Town of note in id inhabited by the Portughefes, called TikewifJ ^^ Sfkito Santo ; but it hath two hundred F^nif fj^ Fimriii ,0 thtatt ThePrd call it^ before ii d IJhoi i rmepfthi ompHert id to be leigues fror ten or twdlv ich good I r a dainty indfobig, !: mhere a luhdred pot m at leaft in it| and a very fafe and comoi i^ious Haven belonging to it three or fou leagues diftant from the Sea. The Prcfefturc of Putrto Siguro^ fift, agues more to the North of SpirmSami having thefe Towms, vi^. i. Puerto Segm$i fcif, feated, as it were, upon a Rock or Cliff to wards the Sea (ide, where it commands thfrije^pJrrus Haven, and contains in it about two httndre«|row rich b] Families of Portughefes. 2. ^^^* Cnv;i:, thre^od good ( leagues diftant from Pmerto Stgnro. ; . Am(X^i for the ( r», or St, Omars in Amnica, once a rich TownL^ ^ f^^^ ^ and well Traded by reafon of the aboundancl|[|(uf^ ^^ I of fugar Canes which the Countrie afford etUfQ^t ijij^, ^ but (ince deferred, u iome fay, by the PortuI)f^ ^y^^^ ^ ghefesi notable to mtincain ine place &nd thdl jd^ p^^ trading againft the Savages thereabouts, ^l^|i(h All Ssh having kild & likewife eaten moft of the ilavefjoQ, ^ny cal at their fugacFarms in the Countric^ f<^^°^^%ir^ icagui •'<*.*«• I hchti t, pleiiti ircdwit! lich the i full 01 not vcr I) thtnttn no left to themfelfef^^^' - 4^ The Prefe9are 1}^ Ilhiosi as tht Pof tughe- ^ call it| either from certain I{l«nds which , before ift^rftooi the principill Town cal«^ i IJtffos feated itpon t convenient Buy or rmepf the SeSf about thirty ieagnes dillant i lottinuMfQfQ Pfterto Segnro to the North. There ire i nkewiAi({ (o be one hundred or opejiundredand - ed F^mi-tifcy Fimilies of Porcogbefes in it ; and a few commolgiguQs from it more within land, aLaiceof/ or foulen or tw^ve Icagnes in compafsy wellftpred ich good Fi(h, erpecially thofe <;alled Mana-,^ vro, Rrcft i^dtinty Fi(h for meat^ as bath been faid^ - itu Sanutn^Xiyhiii ^haC| as La$t reporleth^fome of i >«^^|^''tiicrnhere ar^ found of a thoufand or ckven r r Cliff tolpfi^fed poand weight, and (ometimes more, lands imht Portughcfes hereabouts would quickly hundre Afow rich by the aboundanceof fugar^CantS; nx, threfnd good Cattd which the Countries breeds. 3 . Am(^ luc for the G$$4ym$tri, as they call them^ which fa Town ire a fort of Savages of Gigantine fixe and undana (ature, as they fay , much more fierce and flPordecb iqcI than others, and which doe very much cPortUnfeftthflir Quarters, bud thcii The Pretefture of Tcdos los $4nu$, in cng- c*> ^H(h All Ssintt, lying upon a goodly and (jpi« the llavelioQ, Biy called likewife the Bay of AU Saints. feemel^jj^ Icaguei diftant fcom D^s ///bwabove^ -."\t f i ■♦■/ p<- { 44^; /' faidy and is t my convenieac and &fe Hlkbbur for (hipping in f hole Seat, v^liickaWfoiiietitnes not a Kccle dormy and leinptAiioos^ Its a pltc9 very welt forctfied; ind efpeiiatly ine'^ morable fl^^r a brave ex al'ci^ifiid^ionffy witk his own flbip f die reft of hfs cofttpany not Mhg abte to&ll^ hitn) ehnift into a Fteet of Spaniaifdf, of ndlefs chin cwen^ (li faiK that htjMit 'Anchor in the Bay, and having fiink their Adtniral, codit ail the fell at Mercy, and carried^ them oat with him in fpiee of lome other fiiip^tbac lay there, aid theCaftfo^ arid above foun^ pieces of Or dinanee plaiited on che ihorev Their chid Towns ttt St\ S^alff^AvTy^fJii onM little hi! . oti «he Nkrtfh fide of th« Baiy. It is a wriled faille and Town, and fortified wi* no fefe than thM npon becai ftiong Caftlei yrt ftirpri^wtfhf the Datcfcin *v«* *«] the year 1(^24, but loft agaih the next yew i^^ *« foltowing, as th^y would mahffns believe, b^ T^^FV Sa Chen thence; T biggcft T contaiairtj Serfons ¥ icksand which yet the Sea fid thaticiin< it is by N as a Towi yet is it fo ofOrdtaa^ the fubnsbi l>ytheEtag yeariypj, moditf et c thence ; an five leagnei but bohfin with the Se which it i I retimes . Its « ^tbeie admiral i i6i'j, lip (tilt ) thence. Theic chief Towns are firft Otinda, tUt biggeft Town and beft Peopled of all Brajil, concftiniiig by efttmalion above two thoufand Ssrfons PoftHghcres, not reckoning Ecclefia« icks and Religions men into die number • of which yet there are many. It lyeth toward the Sea (ide, but upon fodh an uneven ground that it it not ape to be fortified other wife then it is by Nature ; nettfier is the Haven fo great f n^kTsI ^' ^ Town of fuch Ti«ding would require ; M inthel ^^ '^ '^ fortified witha Caftte and fonne pieces took alll ^^ Ordkance. The Caftle and a great p«rc of Mitwithl ^''c^ubiisbs along the Coaft, were fur{)rized there I ^ ^^ E^giifl^ under Captain LMMfter in the J^Qy'l year 159$ > and a rich prize of the chief Com* btr chtefl ^^^^^ ^ ^^^P ^ ^^^^ brou^t from I :rrU Mm (l^i'ce ; and in the year 1 6 3 o the Town it feifp ^^^^'^lO Caftle and all taken by the I>tttch, who there, npon became Mafters of this whole Pre&fturt, which they held for many years together a- gainft the Spaniards / but have fince loft ia whoDy again to the Portughefe. 2. Gar^fsM five leagues diftant from Olinds, a fmall Town but bolding likewife foroe little Commerce eldtobj ^^1^^ ^*i ^ ^^ benefit of a River upon ^^P J which it ftandedi. p Amm4 dp Brti%U mfliciti ^ ^^^' Lffftn^ , and fome other vil- lanli [ty( tlieveibj eotnpi^ • y r The to ha\ oniy a thic sc fomcC the Coi The Iflaod ] (4^> e Thb PrcfeSure of T4«wrfri;Tb cilJcd from a little Ifland lying before it, and part of iu Prectnft. It is counted the firft, that is, lHc iDoft; ancient Prcfeftfliip of SrdfH, having otherwiie nothing in it that is very cor^Odera- blevfave only a good Haven or Port, with a Caftle» for the fecority and command of it^ held to be impregnable* *^ ^ ^^ ^ ? '^ The Prefeflute ot Parajba, fo called from Y^amg the chief Town of the Province , upon the 1.^^^?^ banks ofthe Rtvcr S. Domingo, and at the hot- Ij'^^W'c ^ tome of a Bay or Arm of the Sea, by which |M"prd (hips of good burthen come up even clofe to yfttain o the Town. Its inhibited by above five hun- r^'^^ and dred Pprtugheres, a walled Town and likewife fortified with a CaiUe upon CapoDtlo, neer jidjoyningto iC« >>''-^^-' - •- ^-nt .--r-:- The PrefeS;Uire of Bio CratfJe, ox she ghat River » a (mail Freeing on theSouth-iideofPtnbera Rio Grande, where it falb into the Sea* It was IF tern per once pofleffed by tbd French about theyear Pe Worl 1597, who were outcd by the Portughefes, f ofe of and the place fortifird both againd them and pong and btton- \ ft fori alme an ivers ai the Savages, with aCaftle, which theDutch iotheyeare 16; i found an impregnable piece, and too hard for them .* and befides this there is not much in the whole Prefe£i(hip that fcems memorable. ,- s-?i7* '^ •" Tlic ition, ne ill and lu rw (ma Jars of ag itr works Y: fo called nd part of hat is, che I , hiving coi^Sdcra- >rt, with a and of it) 449 ThePrcfe6lurc of Siara, in which they feem to have as little, that is, no Towns of nocr. oniy a Caftle and fonne few hoofes forchofe that attend the gathering of Cotton- wooll, fome Chryftai, and other precious (tones, which the Countrie isfaid to afford. ... , The Prcfcfturc of Maragmn : This is an Ifland lying at the mouth of the great River ailed from \^'*''ti''\ ^" ^»^^ /""^^^^ P?"^^^, ^'^fii „M|i the iN^ward. The foil exceedingly ill at the hot- f ^^V^ ^^^^ ^^y ^^^y ^^ nianure ano .^uduand I by which f^'"^^^''^S plenty of Maiz. naturally, and a en clofe to V^^^ii) ott^r root which the Savages call Ma- z five hun. f ^^^' ^^^ ^^^ likewife for Bread : great (lore of ''otton-wooll, fugar- Canes, Saffron, vvitti the ft fort of Tobacco; not without foxne alme and Amber, watered with many fre(k ivers and fprings , well wooded both for ith-(iSleofF'^^e^^"^F^^i; ^d ^^ Airefoexceeding* :a* It waslycc^pci'^^c ^ncr works of America, andnotalictleindu- ^ The V G§ llrious V« V Rrtous in the ManuftSurei of Cotton- wooli. Iciyeth fome few degrees Southward of (he Equttor, and concaineth not in the compafs of the whole Ifltnd above fifty or threefcore leagUQ^ at itioft. The French were once Ma. fteri of it, vvc. about the year i6i2| when chey built the ftrong Fort called St. Lmk, upon the principall Bay or Port belonging to the Iflind, and planted twenty two good pieces of Ordinance upon it, and by the nuis of fome Religious men among them, begSto doe much good upon the Natives, by redu* cing them to Civility and good Man- ners, and inRrut^ing them in the true know- ledge of God and of Chriftian Religion : But were foon after, viau, in the year i6i 4, driven out by the Portughefe, under the command of I Hierom de Albrnquerque^ who, for the fccurity of the Idandagainlt them, and the Natives chat took their part, built thofe other two Forts which are called St. Maries and StA Francu, and likewife two Towns more withiQl Cmtm^J^ Che Ifland, which he founded and PwpledJJ;^^ naming the one of them St.ufndrew^ which o-:^^.^ 5, lyes cowards the North; and the other jJ"™PJ^ runned aconvcj the Poll well Wi the Rj V4 Itisbuii leaft 30 on Cbefi to it, vA the Cote which tl; plenty. ' u. . I. ^ >^» I « J ft. f^mf/, towards the South. - ^ narf^j: J Andla(HythePrcfcaureofP4W'4.Thisisth( £([2^.^ moft Northerly part nfBraJU^ bordering upon ji^j^. V- ■ C man As ' *";^^^*^:'-^j^ wooll. of the otDptis recfcore ICC Ma. t. when ngingto o good theflkis begVto by teati* >d Man- le know- on : But 1 4, driven I imtnd of I e Tccuricy : Natives thcr two and St, ro within Pco^cd, ir, which he Other 45* / GmdfUi, fo called from the lliver P4r4, whii^ runneth through the inidft of it^upon which, in a convenient place, and upon raifed ground^ the Poitughefes have built a very ftrong Caliie, welt walled on all (ides , faye only cowards the River, where it is planted with Or4inance« It is built in a Quadrangular form, and hath tt leaft 300 perfons of the Portughefe Nati- on fbefide the Garrifon Souldiersj belonging to it| who have all imployment enough a£E>uc the Cotton- wooll, fugar- Canes, and Tobacco, which the Conntrie is fiid to afford in good plenty, m . / .*r . yj Chap.XVII. Of the Conntrj ef Guiana. ?r 1 . 1^ Ext to Brsp, towards the Nortb^ J^ lyeth the* pleafant and DruilfoU Countrie of CivMifii^fiippoled, not improbably, to be fo called from the River fTM, one of tho principall Rivers of the Province ; which vec it fiid to have mote and fairer than any othec . LjP^ttof AmericM be(ide» It is bounded on the Thiststh( Eaftwith the Atltntick Ocean, or MsnAil lingttpoi jf^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^j^l^ tht Andfi, errt- Cmans q g ^ thcP _«\.. ..'^r m-'- ■w iher fome undifirovered Monnttinous Cooo- cries which lye between the one and the other : On the Korch it hath the great River Orf. ffo^Hi ; and on the South that of the Arna^ns^ or OnUann. The Countrie lyeth on both fides ofthe Equator, extended from the fourth de- gree of Southern latitude , to the eighth de- gree of Northern : yet enjoyeth a temperate and good i Jre, not oppreiTed with any excef- five heat ; which is chiefly attributed to the Brifa OL Eaftetly windef , almoft perpetually every day about noon blowing upon it. To- wards the Sea (ide it is for the moll part a flat and level Countrie ; in the more Inland parts Mountainous and (welled with Hills ; but in all generally of fuch a rich and ferril Soil, that for Fruits, or any outward Commodities of the Earth, it yeelds not to any other Province ofche New World, but rather farre excelleth the mod; having, as it were a con*^' ual Sum- mer, witbouc Winter or Autumi., ihe Trees Mver undoithed or made bit^, Fruits alwaies tip^> or growing to maturity, the Meadows and Failures alwaies Verdant and green : and, as we faid. To excellently we|l watered with Rivers, thit no Countrie in the World feems comparable to it inthisrefpeft : And by the priDcipali of iKem it is divided into fouc mfe riowi riour o perly fc Iflandsi 2. R Amazoi which 1] n4, of a ing with thofe wl love ext that it ea are of ch( ofanoth( more del full as t|] covered I Mmto. bi and thou failed no down the and fair C peopled places no and riche the bad likewife yce, there '-^v \ I )}S^ fidei acth de- [[hth dc- [Qpeme ly cxccf- l to Che :pecually lit, To- larttflK ind p«rts ; ; but in oil, that dities of Province eicelleth ail Sum- Ac Trees Esalwaies leadows sen : and, red with rid feems ndbythc 'ouc mfc- riout riour or kffer Provinces, which are, i.Riode Idi eyfma^»es. 2, fViapoco, or Guiana, pro- perly fo called. 3. Orenoque : And 4. the Iflands of Guiana. 2. Eiode loi Amazones, or the Countrie of Amazons, containeth all that part of Guiana which lyeth on both (ides of the River Off Ai- na, of a rich and good Soil generally* abound- ing with all forts of Fruits, and efpecially with thofe which the Americans call Totock^^ and love eitremely, ouc of an opinion, they fay, that it excites them to Venery , whereunto they are of chemf^Ives but too much inclined ; and of another which they call Vita, of a tide f irre more delicious and pleafing, and not fo hnrc- foU as the other. The Countrie was firft dif- covered by Franeifco OreHana a Spaniard from ^mto^ but it was only by the River OreUana : an3 though he be credibly reported to have failed no lefs than eighteen hundred leagues down the (tream, and to have difcovered a rich and fair Countrie on both (ides the River^ well peopled wich Natives, and giving in divers places no fmall arguments of greater wealth and riches more within Land ; yet fnch was the bad fuccefs cf hii fecood indeavors, and likewife of thofe that followed htm, that, at yeti thcf e feemi no further report to be given, ^^ \ Gg 3 at f 454 ) at Uifk not of any thing fpecial, concerning this part of Ihe Couotrie. 5, H^iofoco, or Guiana, properly fo called, taketh up the middle part of this Province, be- ing divided , as the other, aimoft into two equall pares, by the River fViapoco, which runs through the midd of it. The Countrie on both fides of the River very rich and fertii,andib naturally ape, both for fugar- Canes, Cotton- wooU, and Tbbacco, that they are faid to grow here (all of them very good j without planting or any Art of Husbandry. In this Countrie is likewife the famous Doradd, as the Spaniards call it, or Ciae of Gold (if it could be found^ wjth the reports and hopes whereof foiiie of our own Nation feem to have been not a little poflefTed, aswellastheSpaniacds. Nor can I much blame them ; forifthefto- lies of it had prov'd true, it mufl: have been one of the goodlieft and fairefl: Cities of the World (not co fpeak of the wealth.) Diig^ de Ordat, the Spaniard who firft brought news of it to hif Countrimet), being faid to have tra. veiled one whole day and half another in it, before he could arrive at the Kings Palace ; which yet muft be fuppofed to have ftood but in the midft of the Citie. But for ou^t ap- pearij if the indeavors of future times tfkdi nothing nothin mer ha of Vtoi be. Pli tainty a ny of] HarcQH ofpyiaf it; beii which i ftrengtl about i to Engl formerl oftheB them«; r . them T from th 4. 0^ Provinc Earts of anks oi wife rep to Peru chey fay, ofdiI(ge ces in it as tbey c cerntng > called, incc, bc- ito two lich runs on both 1, and lb Cotton- I faid to without In this Li, as the Fit could whereof ave been paniacds. fthefto- lave been iesofthe Ditp de I news of have tra. ter in it, Palace ; loodbttt ught ap- nea tSk&. nothing ^55 nothing more in the difcovery of it than for-> ner have done, it mufl; pa& for the Matropolia of Vtopia fill], as I think mod men take it to be. Places of lefs Msgnificencei but more C^« Cainty are firfl; C^W/^a : This was once a Colo- ny of Engliih fctled there by Captain Rohn HarcQfirPy in the y>ear idoS, upon the banks oifViapdco^ and not farre from thip mouth of it ; being a place, by advantage ojf a Rock, which it hath on the one (idc of it, of good ftrength and very difficult accels , the Aire about it found, and faid to be very ag^reeable to Englifh bodies, i. Gomaribo , a CoJony formerly of the Dutch, on the North- well tide of the Bay of ^iapcco, but lince deferred by them. ^, Mojimoni ^. CrewiMaj^ both ot them Towns of the N^ives^ not farre diftaiic from the other. \i ^ ^ " 4. Oren^^ue, or the third devifion of this Province, comprehendeth the moll Northerly parts of (?/ii4ii4i lying upon or towards the banks of this fandous River. A Countrie like<» wife reported to be verv rich, and comparable to Pirn it felf for hidden Treafure ,*^ whicby they lay, is noc yet difcovered^ only for wane of diligent and induftrious fearching. The pla- ces ha ic already known are only i , ComUta, as tbey call it> which feems to be fome Town f it Pg4 ' of . / . \'.J 'ir.i^y^ i'' A - ^ '"K « ^456 ) of the (^ttiyes, lying a few leagues diftane from the Orenequi rowards the South. i.M^* ttquito, t known Port or Haven Town upon a branch of the Orenofjtit , much frequented and of great ufe to the EngKihi when they di/covered thofe coafts. 3 . ^yemapora : And laftly St. Thome, the only Town which the Spaniai-dl hold upon this part of (he Conti- nent, (itnate npon che prihcipall Channel of tht Orenoi^He, and conjfifting of two hundred Families or thereabouts. It is now a fortified place ; and was taken by Sir H^atter Raleigh in that unfortunate Adion of 16 i7,for which the year following (chough by vertue of an old attainder, as foroe fay) he loll his head. ' 5. The Ifl:ind$ thac belong, and are com- monly reckoned as parts of (7i»i/f;f4, are either fuch as lye fcaccered about che (hore of the Province, or fuch as are found at the mouthy and fometimes farrt. within the Channel of thofe great Rivers which empty themfelves at ft veral parts out of this Countrie into the Sea, vi^. Oremque, PPidpoco, Rio di Idi %Aiil$aKmis% dtif. There are many of them, but of any great «ame or efteem only two, x^i«. TriWi^tf and Triniiado lyeth at the mouth of the River Onnejife^ over againft the Countrie of P aria, , from J- fromwb row Sea, of it, an( fby reafc and dow the Sea b led Boca It lyeth b Northerr about 2^ eighteen! fant aire, well (tort ral growl Canes, G bacco, go Cattet; ( Pitch, wt plenty , 1 might lad be good ir it will not this Iflahi banks of a on the S< likewifc t year abovi torn Sin ;'-»C;V -■ ■■ ,-. mupon ]uenC€d en they d: And lich the I Conti- mnei of hundred Fortified Raleigh >r which e of an :ad. re com- re either e of the moQth| nnel of felves at the Sea, aKmis$ \y great 4^0 and ! River ' Paris, from from which it is feparated byaFrjftb ornar^ row Sea, which ColumbtSi at hit iirit difcovery of it, and from the difHcuUy of thepaffage, Cbyreafon of forne lelTerlflindsfcatteredop and down in the Channel, and through which the Sea breaks with a great deal of forcej cal- led ifo^ii del Dragro, or the Dragoni mpath^ It lyeth bttwixt the ninth and tenth dqgreeii of Northern latitude! accounted to be in length about 24. or tweny five leagues, and aboot eighteen ill breadth, of a cloudy and lefs plea* fant aire> yet the < Soil good, and aboundantly well Itored with all Commodities of the natu- ral growth 01 America, ^iz. Mauc, lugar- Canes, Cotton- wooll, and the beft fort of To- bacco, good quantity of Fruits alfo, and of Cattel ; fome veins of gold, and of a Idnde of Pitch, which they digge out of a Mine,ruth plenty, that as n^any (hips as could come^ might lade themfelves with it; andisfaidto be good in all other ri!fpe<^$, except only- that it will not endure the Sun. The chief Town of this Iflahd is calidd St. fofephs» (ituateon the banks of a little River, which they call Carofti^ on the South fide of the Ifland; which was likewife taken by Sir fVahir RaUigh, in the year abovefaid, and in it the Governouc jfii«« tQm$ Bimop who, to procure his liberty or fair laa tfttdng ft Sir W^ltm hinds* is thought to hivefuRiimed htm with forae relations con- cerning GniMna more liberally thin otherwife iieneeded. ' ■:n\\<-jiti- ■ \ ..■n.;:'.>v.-. ... ^ Tatagp lyeth Eiftward of TrimdaJo, and divided from it by a little Sei of eight miles pvctf hid to havei for the bignefs of it, as ma- ny fdFiclfarbours belonging to it, as any iHand or Amerkd. The Dutch of late years have named it Nkit-fValachtreu y and are faid to frequent it; but for What fpecial Commodi- tiet or reafon, doth not appear. * - - * 5 ^ < ' ^i 1 Chap. XVIII. , ■5i> , fir TP Hclaft,bitt not the leaftProvince of :0K> ^ 4 ^theSotttliern./fi!»#rJ^is the Coun- try of Piri4,by Tom oAkiN^rra^AnsUluJiaJbut for whit reifon or refemblince mtfiAnddUfia of Q/i- J/»4i^they doe not tell us.This Country iyingM it dbtb, brings us back again by theEa- OernCoafttodiellUimusor Jrrrji> which, as urehave often foid, joyns the two parts of the Ommtut of tyim^a together; at leaft to thofe Countries that lye neic upon it to the ;Hi ^ South, Softth, t &c. It 1 Iflands VI on the V with fom (kid; on lantick C Countric ies. The and parCi and is coi cin^ls or ] 5 . fome li 2. Cti Gulf of the Weft the Atlin uiidifcove coacainin more, as hundre littfe Sea (ide, much fat Pfcarl-Fi( ptll efie 4ifSale|V\ 1 1 > ■t If 459) Solth, vU. the new Kingdome of Granada, &c. Ic hath on the Etfl: GnUm^ and thofe Idands which lye aboot the momh ofOrem^tte; on the Weft the Gulf oe Bay of Vine^ueU, with feme part ofiheNew Kiogdomeabove^ iaid; on the North it is walhed with the Ac- iantick Ocean, and hath on the South fome Countries not yet difcoveted, toward the Aiu ies. The whole coniifteth partly of Continent and partly of Iflands, oeer adfoyning to iC; and is commonly divided into five feveral Pre. cinds or parts, which are i • C^mana. z. Ve^ ngzuela. ;?. tJ^Urgarka. 4. Cnbagna : And 5.fomeleflerlfl»nds. 2. Cumana i» bounded Ea(hvard wkh tfte Gulf of F^rt^/ilnd the RMfot Orenoque ; on the Weft with /""^i^e^^f/^ : Northward it hadi the Atlantick Ocean ; and on t^ South thdfe uiidifcovered Councrios above meneioncd : containing in length two hundited ieagnes dt more, as (onle fay, and not mtidl le&than ome hundred in bdBsdth; but foif(mght appears^ Itttfe Of it planted or ufed, fave oifly upon t&c Sea fide, where the Coaft hath ficiriiierly beili much famed foe the rich Trade of Fearisimd Pbirl-Fi(hiog ; which biting ^ its pctBd^ pall efieem now is for att excellent ^f6a 4if Sale, which they digg here i«4ttt of t Mioef tad "j^. -'N -•?r' ( 4<^o ) and gather it natuctlly mtde ready to t^ir hands, not half a mile from the Sea fide, on the back-fide of the Promontory or Cape, cal. led by fome Pmnto ie Araja, and by others for this reafon Cape deSalimu. Places of chiefeft confident ion here are, i. Cumana it felf, a Colony of Spaniards feated on the banks of a Kttle River two miles diftant from the Sea, where it hatha good Harbour, i. St. f ago, a very ftiong fortrefs, whichthe Spaniards of late yeares have bnilt, for the defence and fe-^ curity of the Salt-works againft the Dutch, who began to trade much chat way, and in the yeare 1622, had a deiign to have made themfeives Mafters of the Place. ^.Sf. Mi- chael ie Neviri, another Fortrefs of theirs upon a River fo called. 4. Gnaniba, a Town of the Natives. 3. FiniKUila^ the prineipall part of this Province, is bordered on the Eaft with CHma-^ na* on the Weft with a great Gulf, or Bay, commonly called the Bay of Vene^ueta, with the Lake Maracabo, and fome partof A^r^- Granada I Nothward it hath the Ocean, or Aclantick Sea ; fouihward fome undifcovered Conntries^ which, as we faid, lye betwixt the Aifdes audit. Itftretches oat in length from Eaft to Weft one hundred and thirty leagues h. .r>* or r" ■wt or cheretboutfi but in bjreadth little more tbsn half fo inach ; being nimed VimxHih^ oc \LittU Venice f by Alcnfe Je Ojeda tSpe^nitrd, who at his firft difcovery of the Country fell upon a Town of the Natives, which ftood like mother Venice, all upon the waters, and hav-_ ing nopaffage toit, but only by Boats. Its a Country extraordinary rich in all forts of Commodities , affords good Pafture for Cattel« and aboundance of niir beards of them, pxen, Sheepi Swine^&c. plenty of Corn and other Grain, great ftore of Venifon likewife in the Woods, of Fi(h in the Rivers, Gold I in the Mines; and therefore not likely but to he well peopled and inhabited, efpecially by the Spaniards, whofe Towns and places of chief importance are thefe,t^j«. i. Veneznela, at the mod wefterly Confines of the Country^ built upon the Sea, with the advantage of a doable Haven, in i temperate i^nd good Aire, and Soil round about it, the richeft and befit of the whole Province. It is now a Bifliops Sea, who is Sttfiiragan to the Arch*Bifliop of St. Domingo in Hifpamls, and the ordinary Reiidence of the Governour. 2. Caravalleda, called by the Spaniards Nuefira Senncra it CaravMlleia, fourfcore leasnes diftanc from Yenanela Coward the E«W# upon the Sea, ■^ likewife* ** Itkcwire. 3. St. JagodeLeonin the Country of Caraea$ four or five leagues fouchwud of Caravalteda, and fis or feven difttnt from the Set. 4. 2y^VI^ Falentia, twenty five leagues dilbnt from St. J ago. 5. Ne^Xeres, a Town but lately built fifteen leagues fouth. VittdofNe^ Valentia. 6. New-Segovia^ but one league diftant from Xeres. 7. Tuchjo a place well known and frequented, for tha aboundance of Sugar which is made there, and in the Country round about it. 8. Truxillo^ or our Lady Je la Pan:,^ eighteen leagoes fouth- ward of the Ltkt Maracaybo ; a place of great itfort, and much frequented fir trade both by Spaniards and Natives* 9. Laguna, a Town lying more towards the bottom of the Lake> faid CO be much haunted with Tygres ; and more than this, not much is faid of it. 4. Margarita H an Hlind lying right over againft the Salinat, or Cape de Arayatfot^t mentioned, feven or eight kagnes diftant from the Main-land, and caking its Kame from the abonn£i»nce oJF Pearlts found about it, when time was. it contttnes not above fif teen or fixteen leaguea in length, and about fix in breach, hattngthete onlypttces ofim- porOince in tc,t/K^. tMon ?4^rr| which if a good Fort of the Spaniards built at the Eaft An- gle ;.. .%.,.^:- •t>'- Country wftid of It from I leagues € fouth. via, buc gleofchelfland, to fecore their VntlRB/ioj^ when that Trade held, and to defend their (hips, which commonly rode there at Anchor* 2. the Valley of «rr^. LhcU^ two leagues di- iUncfrom the Sea, where the Spaniards have a Colony. 3 . C^akaMo, a Town of the Na« tivcs. This whole Ifland was furprifed by the !p^^'^"*|Eoglifli under Captain Parhr in the yearc for thfll^^^^' ^^^ '^ ^^^^ of Priioners carryed a* iicre tnd|^*y 8^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Spaniards Pearl, r'^iiK I which he forced them to pay for their ran- cof ereatl 5* C/i^Agu^, another Ifland pertaining to radebothr**'^ Province of Paria, lyeth almofl: in the a Town! "^'^'^ ^^V betwixt the libkQA Margarita and the Lake>| ^^^ Continent ; from which laft it is not coun^ rres* andr^^ ^^^^ above a league diftant, and five or ' ' I fix from the other ; being it felf in the com- pafs of the whole, not much above three or four : of a Soil wholy barren and deftttute of all kinde of neceflaries fo& the life and fofti* nance of man, without CorUi without Paftu- rage, without Fruit, without water ; yet only ^^^*fi'f 1 for the richneli of the Pearl- fifhing round a« nd about! ^^^^ '' ' ^^' ^^^V V^'^^ together, there was of ira-l ^^ P'^^^ ^^^^ frequented than it. Nor is it at j^g^lprefent wholly deCerted: for though the '^A^;^(i llradeof Pearls be faid to have failed for fome ight over fay a afore s diftant sme from about it, If a Suttfif yet have th^ i Colony dill remainiitg liere, called Ni^-Oidiz ; tnd on the Bait part ofthelflands icerciin Fountain! not far rr9m the Sea fidei which yeeldech akjndeof Bitinninous Tubftance like Oyl^ of fuchV roe- diciaable vercue for many difeafesjthat it fuffi« ciently recompeofeth the want of the Pearls by a more reall atillicy and benefit, & is foond in good plenty floating for the moll part up- on the Sea thereabout. ^ 5. The leflfer Iflands (as they arecalled) part of this Provincial! Prcfefture of 7aria, lie ail along upon the coafts of Venezuela from Eaft toWeu;in number many,but the principal of them are i . Tmni^, a little Iflind faid to be not above four ornve miles in length, and in breadth hardly one, but well know for the aboundance of good Sale that is made, and trmfported thence every yeare ; it lieth fire Of (iz leagues wetlward oftj\iargfiY\t^ ; hath a good Harbour, and aboundance of that wood called guaiacum, of which we fpake before. 2. Bonajre an Iflmd of five or fix leagues in compafs , well ftored with fmall Cattell, efpecially Sheep and Goates. It lyeth right over agatnft the Bay called GolfpTrifte, or the Vnf^tHnat$ Bmj^ and was the place whether the Spaniardi cranfplanted the poor 1^^ I; • Native! #t' '■4 ■r'^.-v emaintitg the Bait )i not fir kindeofi icha me- lt icfuffi* he Petrts : is found part op- e called) yfVaria, tela from principal id faid to pth, and V for the ide, and liech fire ta; hath of that ve fpake re or fix ith fmall It lyeth fc Trips hs place {the poor Native! Natives of Hlfigmola, when they grew weary of killing them. ^. Curacaos three or four leagues wcftwarArf' ion^re^tnd containing about. fo many in cortipafs^ of a foil excee- dingly fcrtitl and good for Pafturage, having likewife on the north (ide ofthelflandavery good and fafe Flarbour for Hi/pping. 4. Arm- ^4, three or four leagues didant from Ci»r4- ms to the North- eaft, about five miles in compafsy being for the moft part a level and flat Country, inhabited, but n6t much^ either by Spaniards or Natives. 5. Los Monges, or me Monks, as the Spaniards named them : Thefe are three or four leflier Ifland lying eaft- |v\rard of the Cape Co^miocoa of great ufc and lireAion at Sea, to thofe that fail for Garths- /M4| but for any thing elfc fcarfcly memo- fable. !-,' Hh Chaf. /t A \Jo. * I' J •*♦■•■ \\ (4 A-f \ Chaf. XIX. of the Anurican If mis. ■t lin tlte mi \AmmcM huodred I foorth de bed by/f Iring difpc Iwhcn he V V of the Continent of ^•^wJgS f^r r4, and ihofe iQindf, which lye fo ncer the Excellent Continent, thstthey arc comrooaly reckoned ImQ^l^j^^ as pirt of it^and appertaining to the rcrpeftiYeL^^^j^ ^ Provinces againft which they Ikr. Ic rcintiQiLri)^ L^^ noW| (not to leave any thing confiderable Ufl- jof (7^^^ j couched at lead) that we tike a veiw of fome ' oth:r Iflinds viz»^ that lie further off and feem not to have any other relation to America^ but only thit of obedience and fob joftion to the Spaniards government, who are Lords of ^• merica^ and have reduced at leaftthe princi- pal! and chief of thofelQinds, long (ince un« der their power.They lye either in theSonth or the North Sci. Thofe in the South, or J/4ri Jel Zur arc chiefly two, vU. Lcs Lttdrtna^ and the Iflindt FernMndin*. Los LadnrtiS, it th^tf Iflii) Englidii ih: Idinds of Thccvci, lye as it wen j^^ ^g^ to Southern leagues, c the Con feme leflis good pien and of Fi foA, thou they not of Peru and roadi in tlie midit way betwixt the Main-ltnd of AmmcM and chc Philippine J/ldnds, but fome hundred of leagues dtftant from either, in the foorth degree of Northern latitude. So na- tded by 'PerdinanJ MagtUan, from the prifc- Iring difpo(icion he obferved in the Natives, when he failed that way for the Molucct I- '(lands. They were a nimble and aftive fort of jrtoonI||p^ppIg^ yet light- fingcrd, it(houldfeei!),«Bd r -«••'«- Ig^jng fof the moft part naked, tall of (lature* ^^^^ ^Icxcellcnt Swimmers and Divers, and htve not f^*^^|muclvntorc to be f}>oken in their (Jommcn- :crpcaitc|d,t!oh. The FcfHunMndtxconly tw^olflands C tcm»twkr|j0 g|.^3^t bignefs lying over againft the coall ribkun-LfCi&i/f, in the three and thirtieth degree of voffomelsoutherti latitude, and about one hundred •™»^°*|lctgues, or three hundred Englifli miles fronm pric4*DUtlth^ Continent i yet well Ilored tvitb ioniothc feme i^flcr fort o# Cattel , as Goats , ^c. rdsof^- he princi fince UQ eSoathor , or Mdri good plenty likewife of VeniCon in theWood»^ and of FiOi upon^ht Coaft$ : for which rea>- foft, though iyid^ It fome diftance, yet are they not a little frequented by the Spaniards of Feru ,- who filnlde many good Harbours and roads for iliipping belonging to, and about as it wcri \^^ ^^^ chief, ii*. of the .\merican Jflinds w vJi 11 h 1 abovcfaid, .-.-v ( 4^8 ; aboveGiidi are tbofe w&ich Ijre in the Atlaotick or North Sea, on the Eaft ndei and is it were in the way to the Continent of Amitkn ; which are as follow, t/i«. i< The Carihi. d. Port rm. 3* Hi^anioU. ^^ Cnha^txA Of thf Caribee Ifl^nJs. \ '4 2. npHe C4rfir#-Ifl[indi (as tht En* X glifh commonly * call them) are a row or ridge , as it were of leffcr Iflands , which extend themfelves , tU moft in fafhion of a Bow, from theCoaftof Far$4, as far as St. John de Pdn-rico : The name (ignifies as mnch as the Iflinds of Canni balsi or M^-Edters ; and fo the Natives ge fierally were, before they were either deftroy ed or reduced to better maimers by the Spa niards. There are many <^diem,but the pt in cipall and thofe which mm moft worthy oi notice are, i. Granddn : This lyethtnformo iCrotflanc or half- Moon, upon the Conti nent of Paria, viz. that part of it whick^ ailed Cum^na • having a reafonable goo . s Htvcn Haven, a but mud therto bi fix or fei but from leaft : a daQce ol without 1 watered conveniei Iclyech ii contain al Inhabited ous, nor cerna the twelve le good fori have of Kni veS| fc of Iron, ' the Weft ifaips;'bu Cannibal^ CO this pfi ted to inh ar(mall 1 ardf| who Ltlantick s it were Cariht. ih » tnd tht Ea lecn) an of lelTct res , al- e Coaft of 'ic0 : The ofCanni- [acif es ge r deftroy f the Spa tthepfia worthy q in form o :he Conti t whick^ able goo Haven Haven, and a Soil hot alcogethel unfruitfull^ but much over-(haded with Woodi, andhi- tiierto but little inhabited, i. St.Vinctnt^ fix or feven leagues Northward of Gra$taJUy but from any part of the Continent teii ac '• lead : a very fruicfulllflandiyeeldingaboun* dance of Sugar-Canes that grow naturally without any Art or help of Hn«bandry ; well watered with Rivers , and afFordirg many convenient Bays and fafe roads for (hipping, itlyeth in a circular form, and is thought to contain about eight or ten leagues in compafs ; Inhabited by a People not over mncb induftri- ous, nor fotlicitous for ought but what corf- cernathe belly. 3. Demlnica^ an Ifland of twelve: leagues in length, very fruitfull of a good fort of Tobacco, which the Europeana have of the Natives chiefly iri exchange of KnivesifomeHitchetf, and other Inftrumentt of Iron, which they value much. It hath on the Weft fide of it a convenient Harbour for (hips ; but the Pei^ple beir^g faid to continue Cannibals , and exceedingly barbarous , even to this prefent^no Nations as yet, have attemp- ted to inhabit among thcm« 4. La Depsida, ar^all Ifland, bat of great ufcto theSpani- ardS| who alwaies touch at it both coming and Hb J going. iii> gbmg. f.iGi04Jalf$p^ytMtlitt rmtli lAtnd, which chcy iikewife c«ke in their way continu- jilly to and from Ammca : it fcrve^ them chiefly far frtOa watcF, ind lyeth eight or ten leagues Weflvyard of Dijftada, 6. Antei9, IS the Engli(hVorruptl]^call ir,rather Antifi^a^ is an Iflind of about (even leagues in leng(h| tnd ^\mo'X as much in breadth, lying to the North- Eaft of GmdAluff, where the Englifl) of late years are faid to have planted a Colony, but wherein their Trade lyeth, dodi not fo yvel I appear. 7. St. Chriflppkirs ; This lyeth on the North- weft of (?if4^ikc ininy Biysupon the Coaft of it; but, byrearonof certain quick- lands which lye beforj: them, n t moch ttied or frequented by ihip^*. Oi ih: South (ide it hath a larg^ and convenienc Har < bocir, capible of the tailed (hips, and well fre- qpented. Ic is councel now one of chebeft Oilonies of the Engliili^ but fiid to have been beretofare not a little ac the mercy of r he Spa- niard-Their chief fr^de isTobacco^and a kmde dfcourre Sugar, which vitciWB^tbadns'Sn^ gar , and wilt not keep long • not chiC the: Couatcie is unapt for better, but, as 'cis rather fuppofedibecaufe the Planters want eitheir skiHj orftock, to improve things to the bed. The Countrie U fomtwhac hoc, and ic behoves an Engli(h man to be very temperate and wary, when he goes firll thither, g, Jti. Ci^mx, called by the Natives anciently Jjaj, fifteen leagues diftanc from Ponrico to c^qrSoqth* Eait, woody and Mountainous, having on the Weft fideor ic i convenient Harboar for (hip* ing. They fpeak of t certain F'' (4n J py aiid rweHiDg of hif ecHiguCi thic for tiveney four hours Ipice ae leaft» he loofeth riie ufe of icquice; buc afterwards it alTwagethoficfelf without farther hurt : And alfo of certain Fen*waterf, with which, if a Man chance to wa(h his face before noon, it like wife fwells fo much prefently, thst his eyes will be clofed up ; btft in the afternoon no fuch matter ; which I mention, becaufe they (ay there is a Colony ofEngtiih fetled there of late years. There be many other of thefeC^W^/flflinds be(ide , ai Mm%ly Aft£mSa , BarbAda^St, BarMmiws^ £ai NieviSy St. LuciiS, St. Martins ^ Mmtf* irrat,&c. but of fo little confiderattoa, efpe- cially to our Nation, that it would feem but tedious to mention them further. .J .-. I ;• (?/Pott-rico 4i;^Monico* ^ L 4; '*«* . 1%^: I. ^Ortrko is an Ifland fifteen leagues t ( J^ diftant from St4. Cthxm hath bten faid, to the North- weft, and about as many from Hifffoniola to the South- Eaft; but from the Continent or main Land of 74rM C which feems to be the neercft) one hundred and thir- y'-'^- ' ' .. ..1 •■ ty ;eing from thofiyfiidbknlliidtvi^ lent tempefts / which thej2; c^i HknkmiB^d which inftll ic very muchv Ajet^eciaflly jSkij^ moneths of Auguft and Sfptep^eri,] . Ihi^iSfiH fruicfuli enoagb, affording aboundsuiceolf^ gar-Canes Gmgcr, C^j^iiiides, and-aijera other rich Commodities^ . As xoncerdictg $h« Mines both of gold and M^ , vi^hi^ihi wi^{ once certainly known to'bdthece; iepijediil they are exhaufted andfpens bag llnce j<^^i think that's but a pretence of the Spaniacdis, to keep ftrangers from looking into the Cgpnti^ while they themfelves are more buded iwima Land. Ic is divided aimofl in the^idft fjcoHI Baft to Weft with a ridge of Mountains \vhidi the Spaniards call Sierra Jiltotjui/h, and hath thefe Towns of chief note and imporsasn^;^ T-, '% - ':^^;: . .. Mft. firft fii'NrJrd ic ftftff comuKmljp ctUcd JTr. I«fci ^r P^'ric0, a ftrong tnd neat Towti well batic in i little IfV^nd by ie Telf, but joyn- ed to the other by certain hnge piles of Tim* bcT'^ork; of jnft labour and cxp<»)ce, done by conmiind oPHilif the fecond, King ofSfm. ft wfti attempted by Sir /r4iirM Drukg in the year 15 ^y without Inceersi but a few years af- ter fkk.^n by the Earl of CamhrJanJ, as hacb i^m ftid. a; ifri Virmans in the Weft parts of the Iflandi three or four leagues diftant fro» the Sea« t plaj^ej as 'tia faid to be, neither ftj^tifed nor much frequented. 3. I'uyfiiy tfnlhe Baft fidcr 1 good and well frequented Pott/ome leagues diftant from t4rt*rko. ^'H* Biftward ot Pm^rict , and betwixt it fttid flifijinhUthetc lyeth a ittttei but fcuitfull IQand' called JIfoeii ; and Weftwardbf that ttbther called .^«ifiVtf« or Monett 4, which laft rilelEngli(h, v^h ti m? wai| found fo admira** bV Aovcd with 4 fort of wilde Fowl^ that the huge flights of them feemed to darken the Aire oftfr iheir head^ and upon their landing found liich twenty of their eggs upon the (hore and grmmd thereabouts, that they ^ttim\^ tided ewo of their b^ts with them. Butbow Peo- ^^r p«)fl[cflednot fo well known. : Sx^ ' Of M gcft, ye the Ac ancient leagues kom ti bundre the Ox Portrl That t clei c< betwix the N wards thano in brei contai dred 1 andt^ ting mora n ,. u. ; ^.ft'i'^^..'"' (Towm It joyn- of Tim- done by fSfdiff. 10 the tarstf- . as hach :ft parts diftane neither Luyfiy laented 'ruitfuil of chit ^ich laft idfflira-' that the beAirt ; found wPeo- Of (•475; ?S" 1 it 'f'.it • •..*« i : •■^?-frst J\ H • « Of Uiip4mol2« • . r?, •^f <^-» t. T T lUfanioU (ox li?tlc *?p4i«, a* C#- r Xx W^M named it jii if not ti|Q Igf- geft, yet at teaft the faireft and goodlieft jc>f ait the American Iflinds^ calledj>y the t^ativ^ ancienc ly H4j$i» It lyeih>: is we faid, fifteeii l»e«guci W,e(iward of Pojr/rHfa , and dift|^ iiom the main Land of 4mfrUd about oof hundred an4 twenty ; of iJTriangular/alriBf; the llurpeft point whcjtejof is that rovMajcdf Pm rko^i which they c^*Il;> Qth de En^4HH^. That to^^il^ ihe Weft ;inyght tOihjE^liti^* than one hiiKired and fif^jf vklgues in Itf^ in breadth from threelc ft fmall Town not above a league di- Rant from the Sea» where it hath a good Ha* ven , but fuppofed not to be much fortified. 4. Cctujft once a rich Town in the North parts ofthelfland> and well frequented: nowfaid to be in a manner deferted. 5. Conception Je hVegd, built by Co/iyixi^Mi himrelf:» and from whence hs had his Title Duke de U Veg4 1 it Iveth twenty or thirty leagues northward of St. Domingo. 6. Puerto de Ja PUtd, or cht Silver* Haven, fonrty leagues diftint from St. Domingo liktwife towards the North, ftis the fccond Town for wealth and trade in the whole Ifland» commodioufly feated on a Bayi pr Arme of the Sea, and fortified with .ft Caftle. 7. v/f^na^ or New-Compofieffa, twenty four miles« or eight leagues weftwatd C( St. Ddmingo and a place much freouented byreafonofthegood fugar-Canes, which the Country thereabouts yeeldeth. There is like- wife 8. St. J ago de lot CdvaBerot, ten leagues northward of La Vega, 9. Monte Chrifio, fourteen leagues ^veilward of Plata, and Iv4le$n ; of the ;ue(ti- DdHt* reified, h parts >w ftid id from fg4i it Vard of or tht t from North, :rsde in ed ont id with >oJlitta, (tWAld uented ichthe ! ti like* league! , and laRIf 479 lafily to. Zejh on th« SiHitk-fiie dftliel^ dapd, twenty leagnei diftaoc ftom Si. Jhrnnf^ go ; all of them pleafant and handfome Towmi^ and well feated» bat defticyce of Inhabitant! very much ; as likewife the whole Ifland gqie« rally is • the Natives being til deftr oycd^ oe Traniplanted long fiocCi and the Spanitrili themfelves» by the following 4iicoveries to^ conquelU upon the Coatineoti invited lobct^ ter quitters. ■J ' •* ,11 s. ;. i.> n-T of Cutd imi fdmaksr i . i . * £-j| » t Ji {. r. '> u \7\ 7 Edward, 6r rather to thi V V North-w^a of Bl^ani^s lyeth C^nhd^ parted from the other by a Frith, or narrow Channel, which ifunneth betwixt the Capes of St^ NicMas^ belonging to Hi* ^anioUt and that called Msjzi belonging tO Cah. On the North it hath aFrie oflittte lOmds, called, as above faid, the Leucayd I« fland$, fo many and fo thick fcattered, thft they fee ve for no fmall fecurity and defence of thelflindon that fidc;befide a part of thePrir. iHft$U of FUtpU which coafteth it Y\kmi(k North' 'tiii'j ^ ,♦ If^rthwacd; i6a the weft it hkththeCoutatrjr uf Jueat^f which h put of the Continent, j^pt.^at a diftanit^ of fourty or fifty leagues ; ^ on the South Jamaica. Ic if reckoned to he in length from Cape Maj<,i^ which looks |9vyards HiffAnhla^ to the Cape of St. Antho- |if which is upon the Biy of (Jifexicof two liiindred and thirty leagues; but in breadth nfsither proportionable nor certain ; being in fome places not above fifceea or (ixteen leagues over; & in none above fourty. But for fertility of foil contending with Hifpaniola iC felf, and for temperature & healcbinefsofaire much exceeding it : nor Icfs rich formerly in good Mines both of gold and (itveri plentifully ftored at prefent^not only wtchSugar* Canes of thebeft growth, but likewife with aboundance of Ginger roots, CaJJ/a Fiftula, Maftique, A- tc^s^ Cynnamon, Long-Ptpper oft America^ at they call it, and divers forts of fptces. The Paftures no iefs' abounding with Cattell of ail fortSi efpecially of European breed ; the Rivers and coafts of the Sea with good Fi(h : no fcarfity of Fowl whether wild or came ; good Mines of Brafs and Iron ftill founds with fome Gold in the Rivers, efpecially thofc which fall into the Bay Pagna or tbt w . South the <3o» iJEHnepp] heft md wiiichth! aciiltdi I arfwoct borifttfp QonvenUi was frod aoold ft vttKote Mycd 6) hfivedett tbcSps ofthi Kofac mm vary di wiAtbe d. Tl tmoadiel OTttlfnacI fom^iedl -Sf'T i foaihHfif InhabitantSy wbo are advanced more up into the Continent, having lefc thelflands bebiode them more than half emptyr Keer unto this place, vlic. abocft three or fou^ieagues diftancci are thofe famoui Mountains, which the Spaniards call Sierrm d$ CohrCi ot the Brsft M$untainsy from the aboundance of that Metal which the Mines in them do and give notice of them to the Guards ; being thereby a very great aflurance noc only to the Inhabitants of this place and Ifland, butalfo to the whokEiy. of Mexico. And is therefore the ordinary Seat of the Go- vernour, and the genecall Rendezvous of the Spanifli Ships, when they goe home for Spain^ meeting heerfrom all parts of the Gulf, and tarrying one for another till alt be come in, and from thence fetting fail for Spam, through the Sreiu of Bahama, and by fome of the Leti- co}^ Idands above mentioned.^ Ic is likewifc a very Ihong Gartifon ; it being faid, that the King of Spain allowes pay fpi no kfs n imber li 2 * than { 484 ) '-'fr >> than'^Voc^ Souldieftr dhly for this ptoce. Jamaidk h fonfiewbiit 1 IdTer Ifltnd, iyiiig Soath\^krd ibf Cir^4, ^nd t4 Che Wefloflb. j^anMj ll^oft at stii equail dfftance, «^«t cwenry leagud$ from them bach. They reckon it to bein length about fifty leagues or more ifi^ breadth twenty, and co contain in the whole abhiit one hundred anld fifty , of a ridi ^nd feitit SatV and in nothing lefs provided for the f^ecef()iri:s of man^ life, than either Hu piniftU 6t Cuba I well ftockM with Gattei, and as plehtifaily ftored with Fruits of all forts, yeelding abondatite dlT Cotton->w^ll, more th^n either ofthedCherlflinds: only it wanteth the conveniency of fpitie good Hi«^ vens and Ports, which it hath but fcw> and the Sea round kbout it fo (Helvy, and full of Rocks and broken Ifl^nds, that the coiift 6f ft h held td be not a little dangerous : 4nd therefore «is little frequented by Merchants or others. Theift being at prefent threeonly ftnall Towns intiabited in the whole Ifland, t/i«. I .SevilUfit ^eW'Sevill/it^ht North parts of he Ifland. 1. MelHU teh leagues diftancfirom Sivill towards the Eaft. Aitd iaftly orifi^n^ I ^. leagues diftant from it cowards the South. •^■ i -L* ?.*•', i^a FINIS* » » ,*-,'> -*> f • ■ ^ ^■''l"'x'.'r. • • ... '.rf.^ AA^ PAg.i icagi 4). for dt Uppinet p. cleef^er n dufty r. d, lytiig I of lb. f reckon or more in the ofiridi >tovi - ''•V .1 .'» "ih^iV' .. < *,» VV'^ %^* ••* ft'..: .J , •. -.Hi ; 4 . -• V, r •is. ;rr4f/i» .^ a^i>q[ •'^ -'-'^ ^o;7-ii3[j'3£l ir-'-JiC jtV --U '.V, PAg. 4. forthett reaf«tlim)|iUidftine r. there are fomc,p. 139. for enquire of r. enquire, p, 241. for c!»ughrvthoi^hc, i^ 2^'{tar4;i^^^/9t)n^ ^^ Giffrges bajfyf. 544. for Role rvli/ci{r chefe r. thofe, p. 4T9. for thirty thoufand r. three thoufand, p. 4j7^htDfagfot^^r)(g(^ i^^ 1 . /^ ^r % jf fftfJi'jttfMw^^ 1: B0ois prhUedfOMd tokfoldbyEdwtrdDodj Mt the Gtm In ivkrUm* ■■■■■* rA K Irntire C6ii0iiaiarjm the old Tefiawehtuifoiir j^VotvmeSf wherciii the dlvcts cranflations and! cipoficions literal andmyftical^of all the mod famous CommentacDrs; both ancient and modern are pro- vmmded^ examined and Judged olF, ^ for the more full ladflfaftion of the Studious in all things^ which com- ffanbedi the AliEli«^$Coiamenc oii the whole BiUcj ^ISse Aeveryet publited in engUfli by any 3 writ- UMtffi^Si ParpdiMi .aii: tUcetlent Romancejin quarto^ .? **■■ T • £irr«A«Epodes| 04es,^Sonnec$y Songs, byR. Lwe* infcr \M^^«irfdAI^Mf iar.Urm^ with ^iunerall Ser- i«.inDn,:inQda?o« :i;.>;rii'! ..^f ;..•, j'^^^^i i ..... Ylbe Jiivfa// CTti^^f Merry Beg^ersihy K. Bromeyln quarto. ^ Tint Beptadtlik ef Angtis, ertheAned Guardian^ pror *fed by the dim tight of Naturt?, by Rebert Dingl^, inOaavo. rheReifftofK^t^ Charleu faithfully & impartially dcli- Yercd and difpofcd into Annalsj by H. JL. Efquire. ■» fi*JY»Yi Dod, " /^'h'ihh.. r \ I nminforir scions and lofl famous n are pro- Binore full ^hich corn- bole BiUe, nyj writ- m quarto^ yij. LffVi-' . \^' , ncrall Ser- ,,-.i. . momiyii^ dally deli- i. n ♦ 7 J-ik