IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
„,„ "^^bs. 4-
1.0
1.1
S? U£ 12.0
1^1
1.4 |L6
^Sciences
Corporalion
23 WBT MAIN STRIfT
WnSTn,N.Y. 14»M
(71«) •71-4503
•^■^*
4^
V
CIHM/ICMH
Microfiche
Series.
CIHM/ICIVIH
Collection de
microfiches.
Cenadian Institute for Historical Microreproductiom / Inttltut Canadian de microreproductlons historiques
Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notaa tachniquM at biblioflraphiquaa
Tl
to
Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat
original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia
copy which may ba bibliographicaliy uniqua,
wliich may altar any of tha imagaa in tha
raproduction, or which may aignificantiy changa
tha uaual mathod of filmiog. ara chacicad baiow.
n
Colourad covara/
Couvartura da couiaur
I I Covara damagad/
Couvartura andommagte
Covara raatorad and/or iaminatad/
Couvartura raataurAa at/ou paliiculAa
Covar title miaaing/
La titra da couverture manque
Coloured mapa/
Cartea g^ographiquaa en couieur
□ Coloured inic (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
I I Coloured piatea and/or iiiuatrationa/
D
Planchea at/ou iiiuatrationa en couieur
Bound with other material/
Rail* avac d'autrea documenta
Tight binding may cause ahadowa or diatortion
along interior margin/
La re liure serrte peut cauaar de I'ombre ou de la
diatortion la long de la marge intMeure
Blank leaves added during reatoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certalnea pagea bianchea ajouttea
lore d'une restauration apparaiaaent dene la texte,
mala, lorsqua cela 4tait poaaible, cea pagee n'ont
pea MA flimtea.
Additional commenta:/
Commentairea supplAmantairea:
L'Inatitut a microfilm^ la maiileur exempiaira
qu'ii lui a AtA poaaible de ae procurer. Lea dAtaila
da cat exempiaira qui aont peut«*tre unlquea du
point da vua bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dana la mMhode normale de filmage
aont indiquia cl-deaaoua.
□ Colourad pagea/
Pagee de couieur
Pagea damaged/
Pagea endommagtea
r~~1 Pagea raatorad and/or laminated/
D
D
Pagea reataurAea at/ou pailiculAea
Pagea diacoloured, atainad or foxai
Pagea dteolortea, tachettea ou piquAea
Pagea detached/
Pagea dAtachAes
Showthrough;'
Tranaparence
Quality of prir
Qualit^ inigale de i'lmpreraion
Includea auppiamentary matarii
Comprend du matiriel auppMmentaire
rri Pagea diacoloured, atainad or foxed/
I I Pagea detached/
r^ Showthrough/
r~~| Quality of print variee/
□ Includea auppiamentary material/
C
Only edition available/
Seuie Mition diaponibla
Pagea whoily or partially obscured by erreta
slips, tiMuaa, etc., have beon refiimed to
enaure the beat poaaible image/
Lea pagea totalament ou partiellement
obacurciea par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont M filmtea A nouveau de fapon A
obtenir la meiileure image poaaible.
Tl
P<
of
fil
Oi
b«
th
sit
ot
fir
si<
or
It
sh
Tl
M
dil
en
bJ
rig
ret
m<
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document eat filmA au taux de rMuction indiqu* ci-deeaoua.
10X
14X
18X
22X
26X
30X
y
H
12X
16X
20X
24X
2SX
a2X
wmmmmm
ail*
du
(differ
un«
nag*
Tha copy fiimad hara has baan raproducad thanlcs
to tha ganarosity of:
Tht Nova Seotia
Lafiislativa Library
Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and legibility
of tha original copy and in iceaping with tha
filming contract specifications.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the f r jnt cover and ending on
the lest page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Ail
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated Impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "COiyi-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
L'exemplaire fllm4 fut reproduit grice i la
g4n4rosit4 de:
Tha Nova Seotia
Lagisictiva Library
Les imsges sulvantes ont At* reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition at
de la nettetA de I'exemplaire film*, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat da
fllmage.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimie sont filmte en commen^ant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreaaion ou d'illustratlon. soit par la second
plat, salon le cas. Tous las eutres exemplelres
originaux sont filmte an coimmenpant par la
premlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreaaion ou d'illustratlon et en terminant par
la darnlAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaltra sur la
darniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A S JIVRE". le
symbols V signifie "FIN".
Meps, plates, cherts, etc.. may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure ere filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames es
required. The following diegrams illustrate the
method;
Les cartes, planches. ti>bieaux. etc.. peuvent Atre
filmAs A des taux de rAduction diff Arents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seui clichA. 11 est filmA A partir
de i'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite.
et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre
d'images nAcossaire. Les diagremmes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.
rata
9
i*lure,
A
3ZX
1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
;V-^'^
Section III, 1888.
[ 3 ]
Tkans, Roy. Soo. Canada.
I. — A Table of the Ouhiail ExpanHiona of Solids.
'■>?■• .
ii«^|H%; ll'*
^^^^^{ ;v;-/'
By Prof. J. G. MAcGuEaou, D.Sc.
(Read May 23, 1888.)
It has btH'ii found by oxporimont that in gonoral tho volumo of any body at temper-
aturt' f may be. oxprcsscd in terms of its volume at any other temperature r", and of tho
difference of temperatures, by means of the expression,
V,^V^ {\^AQ-r)^Bit-ry),
(I)
where V, and V^ are the A^oluraos at f and r' respectively and A and B are constants for
the substance of which the body consists. In some cases au additional term C{t — r)' is
necessary.. But in general the value of (7 is so small that it may be neglected.
As the constants A, B, C have different values for different values of r, it is con-
venient to choose some one temperature as a temperature of reference, and for this purpose
the teniperaturt o^C is now universally chosen, the above expression becomiuo- therefore,
"~F(=F„(l+a« + 6f).* "^ " ~ ' (2)
The constants a and b (and c also, the coefficient of f, in cases in which a term in f is found
necessary) having been determined for any substance, the volume of any body of that
substance, whose volume at o°(7 is known, may be determined at any other temperature
within the temperature limits of the experiments by which the Ai^alues of «, h and c were
found.
Density may be substituted for volume in the above formula, provided the signs of a
and b be changed. For if p, and p„ are the densities of a substance at f and o° respectively,
we have, in general,
fj,/fj^-V„/r,= \/(il + at + be)=l-at — bt\
since a and b are, in general, small quantities.
In the case of isotropic solids, length may be substituted for volume in the above
formula, provided tho constants a and b be divided by 3, change of length in any direc-
tion in such cases being numerically equal to one third of the corresponding change of
volume. The formula in thci case of the linear expansion of such solids becomes there-
fore : —
In the case of seolotropic solids, the linear expansion is different for different directions,
and must therefore be specially d<^termined.
a ♦
PROF. J. G. MACGRRGOR ON
and
Heiuo
To aotormi)>o tho vuluinc iit /'" wh«n that at f is givon, we have :—
I". = V..{\ + atJrbf'),
Vi-= F„(l + af+bt'').
V = V ^ "^ ^^'+ ^^"'
' 'l+at + ltf,
- =V,{l + a(t'-t)+bQ''-f)), (4)
since a and h arc ismull quuntitit'H.
'1'^^- "'^''"* ''''••*'"* "•■ tlK'i-miil o.xpausion betwiMMi two temperatures is by some
writers delined as llu' .lumge of volume per de-n-e and per unit volume at the lower
temperature, and by others as the change of volum.^ per degree and pt.r unit volume at
the tempera* un. uf .•..n-ren.e {o°C). In terms of the symbols used above, it is in the
former ease the v alue of ,*/' 7_^^, and iu the latter case the value of ^'' 7 ^' . From (4)
it follows at once that : —
provided a and h are f^o small that their powers and product may be neglected. From (2)
and a similar equation with t' substituted for t, it follows that :—
r,-i\^r..{a(t'-t) + b(t''-f))
exactly, and therefore that
F„- V
K.^-O^'^ + *('' + ').
m
o ftuiucicntly small,
'.vhatever tl1^i^^"!lffrrnTfr oi a aiiu ^/ iiiuyue. a ro v Juea u aiiu u aro
therefore, tlit; mean eoelli/ient has the same value between given temperature limits
aeiording to both modes of delinition ; and if o and b are known, this value may be de-
termined for any temperature range.
The " true" coeliieitMit of thermal expansion at any temperature is the rate at which
volume varies with temperature at that temperature per unit volume at zero. It is thus
1 dV,
v' <, the same as the value of the true coefficient according to the former
definition.
The following table contains the values of a and h (and of c also in cases in which c
is found to have an appierial)l(! value) iu the case of the more important and interesting
solids. A table containing an exhaustive list of the determinations of these constants
would be so long thai iu most cases I have thought it well to give only the most recent
and most accurate determinations, though in some important cases, as in that of glass, a
rUBrOAL KXPANSION^ OK SOLIDS.
9
b
largo number of such fletermiimtioiis hiivo been given. Many obsorvors of thorraivl ex-
pansion have dotermiii.id, not the value.s of the eoustants a and h, hut the values of th(^
mean ooeflicient throughout given ranges of temperature. In many ca.ses, esi)e.ually iu
cases in which the values of a and h are not known, these rc.sult.s have been given. They
are contained in the" Iburth column, aud in the fifth column are stated the t. (commercial).
Do. j
Aiding (in powder) —
Anirn->iiium-AIuiiuu-
iiiiu Alum
Potassium-Aliiinin-
iiun Alum
a X 10"
Riil)i(lium-Alnmir.- j
mm Alum
f'resiiim-Aluminium
Alum
rotassium-Chrom-
ium Aluui . .. .
Ammonium Sulphate.
Antimony
Ro. (pure)
l>o. (crystal) .
6004
/- X 10"
3435
c X 10"
2770
3387
3970
870
Mean Co- l'e''',I'"niture
ellicient x 10" ,"l\*5e"
7008
6000
7430-4
7002
2840
2585
5343
2635
4108
31118
2070
2635
5045
2610
2621
7699
2330
4968
59503
8335
9051
11191
3167
2940
3379
0—100
0—100
0— 100
0—100
0— L'O
0— 60
0—100
C- 2"
0— 60
0— (H)
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
0— 20
0— 00
0—100
0- 20
0— 60
0— 80
0— L'O
0- 60
0— 100
0—100
0—100
0—100
OlLSKUVKH.
Fizoau
Calvoit, Johnson &
Lowo
L. I'fuir
(Jlatzol
Spring
Mntthifssen
Calvert, Johnson &
lyowe
Fizeau
6
I'UOF. J, U. MA(!(H{K
!.';!06
1800 1
2485
0—100
(1
Beryl
105
0—100
K. I'fafr
Bisnintli
3502
44Cf)
3948
0—100
Matthiosseii
Do
.nnnn
0—100
Ci Ivert, Joliiisoii &
Ixivvo
Do. (cryBtiil)
3700
4155 4121
0-100
]'i/.eaii
Bras- (71 y, hy muss, 00 15
% by volume, of Cu.).
5101
5580 1
5719
0—100
Afattliiessen
Do. (71-r) %of Oi, 277
ofZii.Oli of 8ii,
05()f I'b)
5341
2940
5037
0— lOO
Fizeaii
Bvomiile of Silver
(IlK'Hr) -1
10100
10429
— 60~
0—100
Kodwell
Bronze (HOI! •%. of Cii, 9-7
of Sii, 4 ofZii.)
6101
3060 '
11033
5406
0-400
0— 100
Fizeaii
Do. (25%ofSn.)
6532
106-100
Daniell
Cadiniimi
807S
14000
0478
0—100
Mattliief>8en
j)o
881G
4890
9303
9300
0—100
0—100
Glatzol
Vizeau
i)o. (<'oin pressed
1641
39-5_405
11
Do
2010
07000
0—1 flO
0- 30
F. rfaff
Russnor
CafHitclioue (commercial
srrey)
Do. (vuk'iinized, nn-
95784
14— 37
I^bodeff
Do. do. do
07040
11—295
II
Do. (ilo., stretched). .
50158
14-5-37-5
«
Do. do. do.
60900
12-5- 30
11
Ca' 1)011 (graphi te)
877
16-0-100
Daniell
Do. do
032
16-6—360
- mass, 48-00% by
vuluiiio, of Gold). .
Copper Oxide (CuO.).
Corundum
Daroet's fusible metal
(Bi„Sn,„PbJ
Diopside
Ebonite (See Vulcanite).
*En)erald
Kpidote
Felspar (Adnlar)
FhiorKpar
Galena
Garnet
German Silver
Glass (crystal of Clioisy-
lo-Koy)
ax 10"
Do.
Do.
Do.
do.
do.
(ordinary) . .
3012
4443
4788
4850
4015
27
1443
16
2027
13i)3-,'
2231
2523
2439
2578
/;XlO"
1200
5560
3075
2740
6420
3150
3275
1900
3830
1900
ex 10'"
50
70
300
1330
Mean Co- T''"'P«'-'Uure
efllciontxlO- "^';'^'K«-
0-37
0245 I —60—
0492 j 0—100
0H05 ! 0—400
3732 I
5150
5650
4008
5094
6124
5205
6233
6115
4057
342
1771
52143
-30926
102534
2330
206
2410
1590
5851
5578
2543
5509
0—100
0—100
0—300
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0-100
0—100
0— 35
35— 50
60— 00
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
100—280
OlINKIlVI-lK.
Uodwoll
il
II
Vizoau
nulong & retit
14
MattliioHsen
Fizeau
II
L. Pfaff
Hod well
Glatzel
Mattbiessen
Fizeau
Spring
tt
II
F. rfaff.
Vizeau
II
41
F. I'fair
4(
II
L. I'faff
Bosscba t
* See also Beryl.
t Bns9cl)a's constants were obtained by a recalculation of Rognault's experimental results.
I'liOF. J. (i. MA(X}«KCiOJ{ ON
Sl'IIHTANCH.
(J)nM (crystal of ("holny
Ic-Koj) (onliimrv)..
Do.
l),i.
Do.
(k'rceii)...
(Hwodisli)
Do. ((Tyntnl,
Choisy-Io-Roy)
»?;.
(ordiiiiii-y). ■
Do. (rod)
Do. (tube)
Do. (i)luto)
Do. (crown pinto)
Do. do
Do. do
Do. (thin tube)
Do. (wbite, French). . .
Do. (white, tube)
Do. ( do. globule)
Do. ( do. do. )....
ox 10"
2507
21.'81
2143
2218
6x10"
0x10"
Mean Co*
e/ltciuntxlO'
1920
0-51
1540
046
800
0-37
3670
116
2410
1700
688
31500
reniiKirnliire
KnnKi).
Qbhrhvhii.
227(»
2270
2280
28.10 I
2310 i
2320
2330
2340
2028
2687
2761
2835
2008
2082
.3050
:!131
2580
2750
3040
2435
2073
2027
2(i93
2753
2553
2G48
2592
2514
100—280 BosNclm *
0— 10 . Rognault
0—60 "
0—100 "
0-150
0—200
0—250
0—300
0—350
0— 10
0— 60
0-100
0—150
0—200
0—250
0—300
0—350
0—100
0—200
0—300
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0— 30
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
Dulona &. Petit
Lavoisier & LaPlace
IliiUstrom
Kopp
Regnault
I
* Bosscha's constants were obtained by a recalculation of Regnault's experimental results.
CUBICAL KXI'ANHION OF HULIDS.
I
StmilTANOI,
a X 10"
/.xlO'i
cxlO'"
Moan Co-
Kdii'lentx 10
Tomimratiiro
« l(iiii)ie. OiuiHKVi'm.
Glais(groon,tubo)
2201)
0-ino
Rogiiniilt.
Do. ( (1(>. Klolmlo)....
2132
It— 100
it
Do. (8wiHli(tli,tiil)o)....
2303
; 0-100
..
2741
0—100
,,
Gold
4075 ,
.3301
4411
0— 100
Maltliiossen
Do. (cast)
4221)
1245
4353
0—100
Fizoau
Do. ( Dure^
4140
0—100
( 'alvert, .loliiison i<;
Do
4401
Lowe
L. Pfair
0—100
Guttii-iitMclia (i)nri(i('d)..
40U00
4!)(I000
(iOoOO
0— 40
Rii.ssner
0700
0040
i
7304
7500
0—100
0—100
I'izean
V. rfair
Do
2355 I
3025
2058
0—100
Fi/eau
Ice
Do
11250
15850
-20—
—20—
Bninner
ri linker & Geissler
Do ... .
!
Indium (cast)
7424
03570
\
3500
13782
— 12 —
0—100
Maroband
Fizoau
Iodine
1
r 23500 (?)
1 31231
40-3— 107
Billet
1
Sec. Ill, 1888. 2.
;
II
to
Hl'llHIANia
liKlitlei—
Atil ^l'ryHtl^l)■
l>ii.(ri)m|)r(iHH(«l pri'ci
pilalo)
I'i).(''n8t).
Ho.,
Do. ,
ri>.I,(nihU.
Do
Do..
Hg.I, (ctwl)
Iridium {va»{)
lmfr(.f<'r),'t«r)
Do. (wiro driiwii).
Do. (ioft)
Do. ((-ast, grey)...
Do. (cast)
Do. (wroiijilit).
D(
Do
Do
Iroii-i^lniico (oxido, rlioni
boliudrio)
Iron-stone (niagnotito). .
Iron Pyrites
Do
LiiOTwitz'sFusiblo Metal
(Bi„ I'K C.l, Sn^) ...
Lead
ri{(»i'. .1. (J. M.\<;(jui;
(»;17S-(1
20f)ri
15408
3010
U'l-M 1
81
I, X 10"
—7640
— '.'ino
— L'lOO
87tlO
1185
2775
20,'),5
S215
2220
C X 10'"
ottlrlent X 10- "*'/f,"'
- 282
—458 ■
—2411
--1740
-450(KI0
2814
-8(110
28411
10255
7(114
81117
();!7H0
180(»0
!l52;t
2124
.'11)01
;!7a)
:!(i84
32;!5
3:'>(>()
.'i570
:!742
:;:i(i7
4i(;i
2:.C5
28()2
;!025
2721
15400
—31)514
S8;!81
8390
0—100
0-100
0-100
70-142
142-14B'5
1455— 300
—(10—142
142—400
0— lOO
0— 2(r)
0—205
205—253
253— ,M. I'.
0—200
0—100
0—1 (Ki
0—100
0—100
0—10(1
0—100
0—100
0— lOO
0—100
0-100
0—100
0—100
0—100
3fl.5_40-5
0— 25
25— 40
40— 00
0—100
( )MHRVnH.
I'lMiaii
UcMlwell
Kiwsan
Kodwell
Ro\
vol. of I'l..),
MttKiinHliim (I'lMt)
Do
Nickol (('(imp. |Hiwil«r). ..
(Mniiiiiii (Mfuil-fuwul)
I'ulluiliiiiii
Do. (fortsud, aiiiioitled)
I'lirutliii
Do. (IiIkIi lioiliii^
IXjilll)
Po. (Rivnj!;()oii, iiielt-
Powter
Do
Pliosj)lionis. ...
Do
Do.
Plittinnui
Do
Do
Do
Do. (cast).
H087
TM
3761.'
ITOO
:!(i;n;
;m7o
58400
lir.ooo *
7ltir,i
;!71t88
;!8:!00
20000
2554
2603
3320
Krjiio
10()i')
3270
2H(H)
1080
00200
(iOOOOO
148800
11500
1040
1170
MHO
8280
7042
3M58
2037
3312
3507
200(KI0
(KIOOOO
31',).sr.
30000
143118
244;!r)8
70080
0000
5082
20506
2(i44
2050
2750
2(158
2721
"These constants are for the formula :— V'= V„ {I + at + hi').
TenitNiratiiru
ltitn^M<.
(MlHKIIVKII.
0-100 (;»lK.it, .rotiiiHon A
f l.— 48'85
48-85-OMl
0- .50
lii(i— loo
lO'O— 20(i
0-375
0— 44
0— 44
lOf)— 100
0—100
0-300
0-100
0—100
I.. IfHlI
Itixlwull
0--I0O (ilalM>l
iMiittliU'MmMi
I-. I'lall'
Kiwnii
41
.MatUiidNHen
I'lzoaii
ItiiHHnor
Rod well
l'"iz{iau
l>imii>II
4(
Erinan
Kop|)
I'isati & (.If I'rnnchls
Daniell
Dnloiij; and Petit
Mattliicsson
Fizeau
12
IM101<\ J. (i. MAC(tRH(J01l ON
1(1
■■'i
f
I ■
^
'
Sl'nsTANCK.
FlAtinum
Do. (I'oiiiiiiercial). •
I'liitiniiiu-iridiiim alloy
(l()%of Ir.)((^a8t)
Purrclain (Hayonx).
Do. do. ..
Do.
Potassium
I'otassiuni Cliromate-
rotassiuin SiilpliaU.. .
QuaTt/,
Do
RliodiuuiCseini-l'iised). .
Rock Salt
Rose's Fusiblo Metal t
Do. (Bi;Sn„ri),).
f
Uubidium Suipliate. . . . ■{
I
I
Htitl'.eiiium (seiiii-fiised)
Riitile
Seleninni (cast)
Do. (rTystallized)-{'
l( X 1(1'
L'5(!l
24070
2^800
2451!
1 1578
(>784-/
2.-)52
2U«
9702
/.xlO"
1140
17980
2;!870
:5265
1215
67^5
-181580
421i',
2225
16725
ex 10
I
\f„.,„ ■-',> Temperature
1,1 Moan I o- | Ha,n,e
yflicientxioi *^i'^K*'
5530;t!
2583
2040
2(175
4950
0000
800
24990
10570
107;U
11344
9520
10037
12045
3685
3840
2574
12252
33575
-129922
54545
9760
10020
11148
2973
2419
11376
14780
17430
19810
OlWKdVEIl.
0—100
0—100
0—100
1000—1400
aljout ar.d
above 1500
0— 99
0— 50 Hagen
0— 20 Sprint;
0— 60
0— luO
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
0—100 Fi/.ORU
0-100 V. Pfaff
0—100 Fizeau
0-100
0— 90 Kopp
- 4C Spring
40— 55
55— 90
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
0—100 Fiiieau
0—100
0—100
0— 20 [ Sprin
0— 60
0—100
T,. Pfoir
Calvert, .lolinson A
I. owe
Fizeau
Dcvillc & Troost
Wuinliold
t Kopp uses the formula -.— V, = K (1 + at + hC + c^ + rf«<) ; a, h, aiul r. are triven in the table ; rf= 10"" x 5250.
; Ernian (Jives the formuhi:-F,== ^(1 + lO-". 21864<-10-'.9.3485 s/(<-34°.9) (78°.5-(), the temiieratures
l)i-iiijr expressed in Reaumiir decrees and tlio imaginary values of the irrational factor being put ei|ual to 0.
CURrOAL EXPANSION OF SOLTDS.
13
< 5256.
atures
SUBSTANCB.
S«Iuniuin(i-oin. jMiwdor)
SlliRon((!aat).
Silver
Do. (CHSt) .
Do
Do
Do ,
a X 1()"
Silver-p'.atinuin alloy (33'4
% by mass, and l!)-65 %
by vol , of I't.)
Bodium.
Do. .
Do. .
Solder (2 parts I'b, 1 Sn.)
Spei Ilium Metti'.
Steel v5i"t ter.ipeiod)
Do. (tempered yellow) .
Do. (French cast, teni
pered)
Do- (French cast, an-
nealed
Do. (English cast, an-
nealed)
Do. (wire drawn) .
Do. (soft)
Do. (bar at max. soft-
ness)
Do. (same bar at max.
liardness)
Sulphur
Do
Do. (Sicilian crystal).
Do. (crystallized \
from solution j
in Carbon Bi-^
Bulpliide) ... j
L'()8(>
54 '.'G
5587
4246
14178
20510
20280
3103
10458
-83804
15222
/-xlO"
25:!5
4050
2205
3220
52000
22730
25730
2280
2C5880
7878840 §
50440
• X 10"
etiicientx 10'
,, r< Temperature
Mean Co- ,.;^„^,p Ouhkhvkh.
ft'.) ]
l:!070
16440
17510
2340
5831
5808
5510
5573
5702
4568
16674
23670
21630
7524
679fl-
3238
41.")8
4086
0— 20 Spring
0— (iO i "
0—100 '
i
0—100 ; Fizoau
0—1(10 ; MatthicsHtn
0—100 I Fizeau
5— 26 i Plantamour&Hirsch
0—100 L. I'faff
0—100 R(xlwell
3330
33; ;i
3768
3090
3270
4260
—146-73
20244
1
21220
24380
I
i
35410
0—100
0— 40
0— 90
0— 50
0—100
-O-'-KKV-
0—100
0—100
0—100
0-100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0— 78
78—115
0—100
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
Matthiessen
de Luc!,,„„,
ellicentxlO", ^^f)"'
2i:i00 0— I'o
i
L',-)0(IO I 0— (iO
•JOOOO 0—100
I
20408
17590
19991
—4410
2848:!
20958
— 137:!1
201700
18246
—2.'" '.85
195180
10320
11210
11000
10410
10110
10630
5190
9405
6889
6807
6507
2137
2181
6099
5856
24239
24600
4C000
OllSHItVHR.
Kjirint;
0— 00
20',5— 21-5
0—60
62— 70
70—110
0— 82
82— 85
85—100
0— 90
mi— 92
92—100
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
0— 20
0— 60
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0—100
0-100
0-100
10-G— 100
16-6-264
16-7— 35-4
18— 19
20— 60
liussner
Schranf
Scichilone
Sprinj;
rizean
Mattliiessen
Fizeau
L. PfafT
V. rfaff
Daniell
Xohlrausch
Kuoss
KuB.suer
CUUIf'ATi EXPANSION OF SOLIDS.
m
SuiWTANfM.
a X 10-
?>xlO" 1 fxlO'"
Mean C"o-
afliuient x 10"
TeiniKjralnrn
Kango.
(X'.)
OUHHUVBIt.
Vulcanite (27 jior cent, of
Sulpliur)
^ t , , , , , , ,,, J
;«000
20— 60
Russner
Do. ^;i0'7 [ler cent, of
SuljOiiir)
23000
20— 60
H
Do. (31 .ler cent, of
Sni|iliur)
41000
20— GO
(I
Do. (3()4 per cent, of
Sulphur)
••"'•'•
38000
20— 60
4(
VVcod's FuBil)U> Motnl f
(Bi, rb C(l,, Sn,,)... i
—KiGOO
27827
0— 25
25— 70
Spring
41
.S222
7000
8919
8928
6G0O
16-6—100
0—1 OO
0—100
Daniell
Matttitessen
Calvert and Ijowe
j)o
Do. (pure, rollrd)
Do. (comprosM powHer
! 8906
1905
8715
0—100
Fizeau
Do
8063
0-100
i
Rod well
1
LIST OF PAPERS BY OBSERVERS CITED IN ABOVE TABLE.
BiLLCT.- 1,'Institnt, XXIIL (18r,5), p. 292 (.Jalirsber. d. Cliem. 1S55, p. 46).
BoswiiA.— Archiv. Neerland. IV. (18G9), p. 197 (I'ogg. Ann. Ergiinz. Bd. V. (1871), p. 469).
BjiuNNKH.- Pcgg. Ann., LXIV. (1845), p. 113.
Calvbht, .ToiiXBos & LowK. — Clieui. News, III. (1861), p. 315.
Chaits.— Conaptes Kendiis, XCI., p. 413.
Daniell.- Pl.'il. Trans., ]8:!0, p. l.'57 and 1831 p. 443.
Db LiTCiiL— Atti d. R. 1st. Venoto, (o), V. (1880).
Dbvillk it TitoowT.— Jalini.sber. d. Cliem. (18G4), p. 70.
DuLONO & Pbtit.— Ann. de Cliiiu. etde Pliy-s. 2 .scr.,T. II. (1816), p. 2,-)4 ((Jilbert's Ann. LVIII. (1818), p. 270); Ann.
de ('him. etde I'liys., 2 ser., T. VII. (1817), p. 113.
Ekman — Pogfi. Ann., IX. (1827), p. bbl.
FiZBAU.— Comptcs Rendns, T. LVIII. (1864), p. 923 (Ann. de ChiuL ct de Phys., 4 ser., T. II. (1864), p. 143; Pogg.
Ann., CXXni. (1864), p. 515) ; C. H., T. I.X. (1865), p. IIGI (Pogg. Ann., CXXVI. (1865), p. 611) ; C. K. LXII.
(1866), p. 1101 (IVigg. AniL, C.XXVIIl. (I8ti6), l>. 564; Ann. de Chim. et de Phys.,4 ser.,T. VIII. (1860), p. 335) ;
C. H., LXIV. (1867), pp. 314 and 771 (Pogg. Ann., CXXXIL (1867), p. 292); C. K., LXVL (1868), pp. 1005 and
1(»72 (Pi.gg. Ann., CXXXV (1868), pp. 372 and 381) ; C. K., LXVIII. (1869), p. 1125 (Pogg. Ann., CXXXVIII.
(1869), p. 26).
FvBHS. — Zeitchr. f. Instruuionteuknnde, 1. (1881), p. 390.
Glat/hl.— Pogg. Ann., CLX. (1877), p. 497. v; :■•, . :
Haoen.— Wied. Ann., XIX. (1883), p.436. : s-- ,
HXi.Lh PROM.— Pogg. Ann., L (1824), p. 149.
KonLHAistH.- PogB. Ann.,CXLIX.(1873),p.577 (Carl's Reiiertorium, IX., p. 408 ; Phil. Mag., 4 eer., XL VII., p. 159).
Koi'P.-Ann. Chem. u. Pharin. LXXXI. (1852), p. 1. (Pogg- Ann. LXXXVI. (1852), p. 156 ; Phil. Mag. 4 ser., IIL
(1852), p. 268) ; Ann. Chem. u. Pharm. XCIII. (1855), p. 129.
Lavoisiek & LaPlace.— (Euvres de Lavoisier, T. II., p. 739 (Blot, Traits de Physique (1816) T. L, p. 151).
Lhiikdkkf. — Journ. d. Euss. phys. Ges., XIII. (1881), p. 246.
Mauchand.— Journ. Prakt Cliom., XXXV. (1845), p.;254.
-m
PEOP. J. O. MACGRRGOR ON CUBICAL EXPANSION OP SOLIPH.
Mattiiihsskn.— riiil. Trnii3. CLVI. (1800), pp. 231 and 861 (PliH. Mag. XXXF. (1866), p. 140; Pogg. Ann. CXXVIII.
(1800), p. 5i;i and CXXX. (1807), p. 60).
Pkafi', F.— IVW. Ann., CIV. (185S), p. 17.'iandCVII. (I85!t), p. 150. ,
pKAKK, L.— Krlant.'(Mi. Uosold. 1872 (Foitaohritte d. Pliysik, XXIX. (18711), p. 679).
PiHATi it \)K Fkanc'iiis.— Ber. d. dentsoh. t^liom. Gen., VIII. (1875), p. 70.
Pi,ASTAMormt HiRHCii.—' \ri;li. So. phys. (2), XXXVIII. p. :!7.
Pi.i'CKEU & Gei8si,ki!.-1V|.T. Ann., LXXXVI. (1852), p. 205.
RKOVAii.r.-Ann. .lo Cliim. ot de IMiys., :i st-r., T. IV. (1842), p. 04 (Mom. d. I'Acad., T. XXI. (1847), p. 191 ; Pogg.
Ann. LV. (1842), p. 585.
RonwBi.i,.-Pr()c. Roy. Soo. Lond.,vxiTI., p. 108; XXV., p. 272; XXXI. (1881), p. 291 ; XXXII. (1881), pp. 23 ond
.540; and XXXIII. (1882), p. HI!.
KornvKLi. ct Ki,i)Bn.-Cliem. Nows, XXXIX. (1879), p. 66 ; Proc. Roy. Soe. Land., XXVIIf., p. 284.
Ri-KSNBK.— Carl's Re|)ertoi-inm, XVIII. (1882), p. 162.
8tin:Ai-K.—Wi(>d. Ann., XXVII (1880), p. 315.
SciciiiLONE.— Heibliitter Wie