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SUPPLEMENT II. B I R D S. D I V. I. L A N D . B I R D S. Order I. RAPACIOUS. Genus I. V U.LT U R E. N° 1. Condur V. 2. Californian V. 3. Cinereous V. 4. Alpine V. 5. Afh-coloured V. 6. Bearded V. 7. King V. Van A. N° 8. Arabian V. 9. Secretary V. 10. Bold V. 11. Sociable V. 12. Kolben's V. I J. Chagoun V. Vultur Gryphus, Ind. Orn. i. p. i. Vultur Gryphus, Rncydop.Briu v. xviii. p. 695. pi. dx. Mas. Magellanicus, Ifwr. 3/;^: V. I. pi. i.yr^;„. Vautour Condor, Daudin. Trait. d'Orniihol. ii. p 8 Condur Vulture, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 4.-/J. Sup. p. ,. * np WO Of thefe (fuppofed to be male and female) are in the X Levenan Mufeum, collefted by Mr. Parkin/on. The firft is in breadth from the t,p of one wing to that of the other, at Icaft t n feet. The head and neck are covered with cinereous down • o^ W if '"' '" ' ^'"^ "^""^"^^^^^ "^^"^^--^ ^^^-"^t of a cock. CONDUR V. DiSCRJPTIOK, VULTURE. a cock, which is irrfgularly indented at top; part of the throat IS a llo b ire, an; kind H'n dui ous peur fhapoJ llib'irirxe on the breail", ill the in .inner of the A.7;/^ ^W//yn' ; the general col ur of the j)luma<^c is blick, but the lower part of the neck is furrounded with a white ivilT, of a fine hairy fubftance : rlie lefTcr wing coverts are wholly black } thi' mivklle ones have greyiih white ends, forming a bar when clv)fed ; the greater ones are half b'ack half white, divided obliquely} t|je thre.e firll quills are quite black, the fecond quills greyifti white, tipped wiri) black : tail even, thirteen or fourteen inches long: thighs covered with longilli feathers: legs flout, brown; claws bKinc, black : bill llrong, moderately hooked; colour black, with a white tip; and noftrils placed in a depreHion at the bafe. When the wings are at reft on the body, the niiddle of the back ap- pears white ; which circumftance is obferved by Molina^ in his Na- tural Hillory of Cbi7i*. He alfo fays, the irides are of a red brown, and that the female is rather fnialler than the nv.le. Thefe birds make their nefts among the molt inacceffible rocks, and lay two white eggs ! ' .• than thofe of a turkey ; they feed on dead car- cafes ; and aa /e are no wolves in Ctili, thefe birds Tupply the place of them, and at times prey on (heep and goats, and even young calves, when they ftray far from their dams ; and thefe laft they fall upon in flocks, firft plucking out their eyes, and foou afterwards tearing them in pieces. The country people ufe every means to de- ftroy this bird, fometimes by a perfon covering himfelf with the hide of a newly Ikinned animal, and fo managing, that when the Condor ;irtempts to attack the hide, other perfons lying in readinefs come to the afiiftance of the firft, and falling on the birtl all at once, overcome the enemy; at other times, a dead carcafc is put within a place en- clofed with rails, and when the Condur has fatiated himfelf with the flcfli, and unable to rife freely, perfons are in readinefs to fubdue him • Fr. ed. p. 247. ' by VULTURE. by blows and every other means pofTible. The bird, hov/ever in- adive on fuch occafions, is at other times of very quicl< flight, info- much as not unfrequently to foar to fuch an height as to be out ot the reach ift human vifion. It is called by the inhabitants oi Chili by the nan^e of Manque ; the biggeft hitherto obferved, meafured full fourteen feet from the tip of one wing to that of the other when ex- tended. Californian Vultuie, Nat. Mi/c. v. 9. pi. 301. 1 N fize, this bird nearly equals the Condur. The general colour of the plumage is black; but the fecond quills have whitifli tips, and the wing coverts incline to brown : the wings when folded, reach beyond the tail: the head and neck are entirely bare of feathers, quite fmooth, and of a dufky reddifh colour: acrofs the front is a bar of dufky, and two others of the fame on the hind head : the bill is of a pale colour : the lower part of the neck is furrounded with a rufF, compofed of flender black feathers, of the ftrudure ufually feen in many of the genus : the under part of the body is covered with loofe downy feathers : the tail is even at the end : the legs black. This bird was brought from California^ by Mr. MenzieSy and is now in the Britijh Mufeum : it feems to have fome affinity to the Condur, Vultur cinereus, Ind. Orn. \. p. i. N° i.-^HiJi, Prev. i. p. 337. Vautour commun, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 16. xi. — IJ. p. 1 8. 15. Der Arrian Geyer, j^llg. Ueh. d. Fog. I. i. p. 654. 24 ? Cinereous or afh-coloured Vulture, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 14. T T has been obferved to frequent the mountainous parts of Ger- many, defcending into the plain in winter. The huntfman expcdls to be paid well for fliooting thefe, as they attack fheep, haresj goats, and even deer, being very troublefome to the farmer, in picking out B 2 the CALIFORNIAN V. Dbscriptiok. Plack. CINEREOUS V. N 4- ALI INB V. V U I. T U U E. the eyes of lambs, Src. : it is more tame tlian other birds of prey, and jn courfc more eafily deftroyed *. > Vultur Percnopterus, Intf. Orn. \. p. 2. Percnoptere, Levailt. Voy, (8vo.) i. p. ^%,—DauJin. Orn. ii. p. 13. vii. Alpine Vulture, Gen. Syn. i. p. 12. — Id. Sup. p. 3. C Ai D to be two feet in length ; and fume much larger: and that it is common in the Pyrena;an mountains j alfo in Egypt AQCo\(X\}nQ to Scnnini. Mr. Levail/aNl obferves, that they reJbrt to Table Bay yZi the Cape of Good Hope-, and not unfrequently a furious fouth-eaft wind obliges thtm to quit the mountains, and fometinics beats them down into the ftreets at the Cape^ where they are knocked on the head with fticks. M. de la Peiroufe f obferves, that the male and fe- male are different in colour; the firft wholly white, the other brown, but only fo in the adult ftate -, for when young and incomplete in plumage, they are often of a pale colour; above fpotted yellow and brown, with the under parts yellow, and differing fo materially from the old ones in external appearance, as to deceive the lefs experienced naturalift. 5- ASH- COLOURED V. DESCRirTION. V. Leucocephalus, Ind. Orn. \. p. 2. N° 4. V. Angolenfis, id. i. p. 7. 17 ? — Daudin. Orn. il. p. 27. iii.— Zfert Jc. pi. 2 ? Bearded Vulture, Laetnmergeyer, Gen. Syn. i. p. ii.-— Cox* s Travels in S-wttzer- land (8vo. vol, ii. p. 280.) a figure of the head. npHE bird quoted above, as defcribed by Mr. Briice^ extends from wing to wing eight feet four inches, weighs tv/enty-two pounds, and is in length four feet fcven inches. The crown and front are tV. i. p. 164. 1167. ' §//.£«/, 427. bare VULTURE. bare and bald j a flrong forked bufli of hair, divided into two at the point, anfes from the lower jaw on each fide: the thicknefs ot the thigh litrle lefs :han four incne;>: the legs remarkably (iiort, only four indies ,n length J and the thigh joint only fix inches The colour of the feathers of the back brov, n j of the belly gold colour. From Mr. Bruce's defcription, although too concifeby far, 1 am led to coiicluJe that it is no other than our Bearded Vulture, or at lead a flight variety, which this author met with on the hJ^liert part of the niounta.ns La-, :dmon, not far diftant from Gondar, the capital of Myffmia It was a bold ff.ecies, as it went fo far as to take awayr part of the provifion which Mr. Bruce and his company were re- galing rhemfelves with on that fpot. On moving th.^ body of one of thefe after being fhor, a duft correfponding with the colour of the Wrs both above and below, fl.w out in pictry large quantity; but th.^ not peculiar CO this fpec:es : we have obferved ic in the King lulture and fome others, as alfo in the White Cockatoo. Vultur^Papa. /W. Orn, u p. 4-%/../^. ro,. i. t. ..-Z)W/.. Orn. ii. p. 6. V.^Saca, or white-tailed Vulture, W..>. Tra.. p. .85.-/)..^ Foy. ii. part ii. Kjng Vulture, Gen. Sjn. i. p, 7. No 3. N';JJfil'/f • "''^"•"- "-f Carrion Vulture are fl,j,, for on one of freelv InH I '"^ '",'■' """^"'' '" '""™ <"■ "g"" days it fed m it.TT '"Z- u ' ^''P^"^""J "''^ ".yfelf, fn refpeft ,o the my garden, perfcaiy tame, where it lived throughout the whole fun,..er, and was kiUed by a coid frofty night, which caj Jn l^. 7' KING v.. B. Le Var. A. 8. ARABIAN V, Description. VULTURE. Le Roi des Vautours varic, LevailL Oif, i. p! 13. 'T'HIS feems a variety from age, having many black feathers mixed among the white ones on the neck and upper parts: hence Mr. Levaiilant fuppofes, that thefe birds are black or diiflcy whilft young, and change to the pure white or cream-colour, as they approach the adult ftate ; and indeed Dumpier mentions, that feme are all over white, but the feathers look as if they were fuUied, with bald heads and necks like the-reft, and adds, we never fee above one or two of thefe together i and feldom a great number of black ones without a white one among them*. Vultur Monachiis, Ind. Orn. \. p. 5. N*" 9. Le Chincou, LevailL Oif. p. 53. N" xz.^^Daudin. Orn, ii.p. 12. vi. Der Einfiedlergeyer, Ailg. Veb. d. Vog. i. 5. 655. 25. Vautour Moine, /?««j.^iaBj»y!/jw]jm "« i « '* VULTURE. nine feet. In a ftate of reft, cfpecially after a full meal, it draws its head into the rufF, with the bill refting on the crop, in which ftate it appears a fliapelefs mafs of feathers. It was alfo obferved, that this bird never folded its wings on the tail, but always fulEFered them to hang down carelefsly on each fide. Mr. Levaillant fays, that this bird comes from China ; however, we have little doubt of its proving no other than the Vukur Monachus of Linnaeus, our Jralian Vulture'* ^ ex- ceedingly well expreffed in Edw. pi. 290 ; alfo fufRcicntly characfte- rized in Geriniy under the name of Vultur Leporarius j. M. de la Peiroufe "^ obfervcs, that it is found in the fame places vith his y/mfl», which I take to be the Cinereous Vulture-, but is more fcarce: the colours of the plumage are not far different, being brown for the moft part, but the neck lefs naked: and it differs like- wife in the head being elevated on the top : the cere and feet incline to red. Place. above nine Vuhur ferpentarius, Ind. Orn. \. p. 8. N" 21. Lc Mangeur de Serpens, Levaill, Oif. \. p. 103. pi. 25. Mcfl'ager reptilivore, Daudin. Orn, ii. p. 30.1, Secretair, Buf. Oif. vii. p. 328. t. 17. Ibis, Gent. M«g. xxxix. t. p. 568. Snake-eater, Phil. Tranf. v. Ixi. p. 55. t. 2. Secretary Vulture, Gtn. Sjn. i, p. 20. pi. z.—Id. Sup. p. 4. J EVAILLANT obferves, that the creft feathers are ten in number, the loweft the longeft j the ftiorteft four inches only, and that this bird not only preys on fnakes, &c. but all oviparous quadrupeds : its claws, on account of its being oftener on the ground than other birds of prey, become lefs fharp than is commonly fcen, and will not ferve to * Syn. i. p. 8. N» 4. ^ Vol. i. pi. ix. X N. Schvj. /ibh. B. 3. S. 100. — Anoilier i: r'^:. roT.tiOncd, called Der Mljigeyer, which is whidfh: head with the kaob and cere fafFron-colour : legs bluciib and naltcd, known by the name of Afmsck. Supp, II. C grafp SECRETARY V. Description. Il- li u t fO to, BOLD V. Descj^iptiok. VULTURE. grafp its vi6lim j on which account it makes ufe of its wings, with which it beats whatever it attacks with great violence ; this it has the power to do, by means of a bony protuberance at the bend of the wing, enabling the bird to flrike moft de(lru(5live blows with that part J and it is with their wings that they defend themfelves againft venomous fnakes, by fjmetimes oppofing one wing and fometimes the other, whereby they evade the bites of thofe which might other- wife prove mortal, till the enemy being tired with its efforts, or bruifed nearly to death with blows, becomes an eafy prey. Young turtles and lizards alio bear part in the food of the Secretary Vulture ; and even grafshoppers and other infcds are at times not rejedled by it. Thefe birds are not unfrequsntly kept tame, and in this (late no food comes amifs to them : if young birds are offered, they take them by the bill foremoft, and fvvallow them whole. One of thofe which M. Levaillant killed, had twenty-one young turtles, eleven fmall lizards, and tiiree fnakes in his (lomach : like other birds of prey, it is obferved to bring up the undigefted parts of its food, in the ihape of round pellets. Jn pairing time, two males will often be found fi^htino; for a female in a violent manner. Thefe birds make a flat kind of neft, like that of an eagle, full three feet in diameter, lined with wool £tnd feathers, in fome high tuft of trees, and often conceal it fo effedually as not cafily to be found. The female differs in that flie inclines more to grey, with a fhorcer creft, and the two middle tail feathers fliorter than thofe of the male. 'IpHE fize of this bird is uncertain : the bill is pale yellow, with the tip black : the plumage wholly of a deep brown ; but the fides of the head are bare as far as the eyes, and fome what beneath them, and the colour of thefe parts very pale : the quills and tail are of a darker colour than the reft of t!ie body, being nearly black : the fliins are covered vvith feathers quite to the toes j flefli colour dotted with black. This I VULTURE. This is a native of New Holland', but although thefizeofitis uncertain, we may fuppofe it not to be one of die Imallefi:, and cer- tainly is a fierce fpecics, as it is faid to kill the l'ctt?goroj;^, ii\\ even to attack the natives themlelvcs] who know it by the na.r.e of Booramorang. • ti Pl ACE. M!i<, L'Oricou, Lcvaill. Oif. i. p. 36. pl. 9. — Daudln. Orn. i. p. 10. i;i. 'pHIS is a very large fpecies of vulture, and meafurcs trn feet from wing to wing extended : the bill is moderately hooked, and of a pale brown ; cere horn colour: irides chefnut brown : head and neck naked, of a flefli colour, belle with a few draggling brownifh hairs j throat blackifli : the general colour of the plumage is dark brown on the upper parts, the feathers with paler edges ; Tit the back of the neck a ruff of pale brown j fome long loofe fer.thers of the fame colour mixed with white, hang over the bread, and continue to the vent; into thefe the bird frequently draws down his head in a ftate cf indolence or reft : the thighs are covered below the knees with fofc whitiHi down, as are all the under parts of the body: the tail is fomewhat cuneiform: legs covered with brown fcalesj claws very moderately hooked, and black. It frequents the mountainous parts of the interior of the Cape of Good Hope-, never feen near the Cape icfelf, but particularly in the Namaqua Land, as well as another fpecies, and chiefly among the European plantations. Builds among the rocks ; lays two, fcldom three, white eggs ; pair in Odober, and hatch in January ; never builds in a tree, nor indeed does any other true Vulture. The pairs feem to be in amity one with another, as three or four nefts have been found by the fide of each other, in an hollow of a rock: the eggs are not ill flavoured when eaten. The Natives moftly call this bird Ghaip. The Dutch C 1 colonifts 1 1. SOCIABLF, V. D a S C R I r T 1 H . F1.ACI. I" I « It I j ^ 1 1 1 ! i i XCLiiEN's V. DllCRIPTION. ; 1 Place. VULTURE. colonifts call it black Carrion Bird-, to diftinguifli it from the next fpecies, which is of a pale colour, and which they call Stront^ jager, by which name, as alfo Stront-vogely or Jas-vogel, the colonifts call all kinds of Vultures ; faid only to be found about the confines of European plantations. Le Chafle-fiente, Levaill. Olf. i. p. 44. pi. 10, Daudin Orn. i. p. ij. x. 'T'HIS is not quite fo big as the laft, but is gready more common : the bill is pale le'd colour; irides deep brown: the head and neck bare of feathers, or covered with a few fcattered hairs, and of a pale dirty yellow : round the lower part of the neck is a pale coloured ruff of loofe feathers, common to many of the genus: the plumage for the moft part is a pale tawny yellowidi or Ifabella colour : the quills and tail black ; and the quills reach almoft to the end of the tail : the male is fmalkr than the female. If we compare this with the Alpine Vulture, the colour is greatly different, and the wings are (horter in proportion in this laft bird, nor has it the heart- fhaped fpot on the breaft, feen in the Jlpi»e Vulture i btfides, a bare infpedion of the two figures will deteil the difference. This fpecies is found in every part of Africa through which Mr. Levaillant travcrfed, on the contrary, the Sociable Vulture is only met with in the confines of the European plantations. Both of them, however, pafs under the name o( Stront Jager. This fpecies frequents the rocks or the higii mountains, which cover the point of Africa, from the Cape 'Town to Falfe Bay, from thence it fpreads itfelf all around wherever food is to be found, feafling on every kind of offal, and approaching near to habitations, and even the ftreets ol the Cape, in queft of it, as well as crabs and other ftiell-fifti j and not unfre- quently on land turdes, which ic fwallows whole, alfo locufts, &c. . Le VULTURE. f e Chaugoun, Le-vaUl. Oif. p. 50. pi. 1 1. Daudin. Orn. J. p. 14. tUj. Bengal Vulture, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 19. pi. ,. U Sup. p. 3. 16. This is a fmall fpecies, fcarcely fo large as our King Vulture: Bill dufky horn colour, but yellowilh at the bend : the head and neck can fcarcely be called bare, but they are only covered with fcattered hairs, and are of a blueifh flefh colour: the crop is prominent, and covered with fine filky black feathers : the plumage in general dufky brown, but the feathe.s of the under parts have a white line, as well as thofe on the thighs: a large white fpot appears on each fide the breaft, but unlefs the wings are lifted up, cannot be feen : the head and hind part of the neck are covered with glofly, dufky-white feathers, but the lower part blending with a ruff of a foft downy ftrufture : the gre?.ter quills and tail are black, but the fecondarics are bordered with rufous brown : wings and tail nearly of equal length when clofed: the legs are pale brown, or flefh colours and the middle toe. nearly double the length of the others. This inhabits Bengal, where it goes by the name of Chaugoun. This feems clearly to be a variety of my Bengal Vulture, if not the fame bird. \i »3' CHAUGOUN V. Description. •ti*. Pi. A CI, Genus J^II^^J^Igg^^^^;■»'^■.^>w.-■^^?K' ^\»»-iw-'!y-->-:'ti^-: ■ ."■inag i i ^ t4 FALCON, Genus II. FALCON. li N' I. Vulturine Eagle. 2. Martial E. 3. Occipital E. 4. Cinereous E. 5. Tharu F. 6. Tiger Falcon. 7. Courland F. 8. Glaucous F. 9. Deftrudtive E. 10. Noify E. 11. Short-tailed F. 12. Bacha F. 13. Maritime F. 14. Booted F. 15. Sclavonian F. 16. Margined F. 17. Tachard F. 18. C reded Indian F. 19. Chicquera F. ao. Iceland F. Var. A. 21. Notched F. 22. Swallow tailed F. 23. Black- winged F; 24. Kite. 25. Parafite F. 26. Hobby Buzzard. N' '27. 28. 29. 30- 32. 33- 34- 3S- 36- 37- 38. 39- 40. 41. 42. 43- 44. 45- 46. 47- 48. 49' 50 Buzzaret. Pondicherry E. Pifcivorous E. Blagre E. American Buzzard. Honey Buzzard. Raniverous F. Rufty F. Teftaceous F. ^ Javan F. Gofhawk. Var. B. Crefted Golhawk. Mauduit's F. Guiana Gofliawk. Rufous-bellied F. Northern F. Black and White Indian F, Chanting F. Long-legged Henharrier, Axillary F. Bohemian F. Keftril. Var. C. Var. D. Rufous-backed K. , Orange-legged Hobby. 51. Greater ! F A L N*5T. Greater Hobby. 52. Red-legged H. ^^. Dwarf F. 54. Black-thighed F. 55. Jackal F. 56. DefertF. ^ 57. New HolIandSparrowhawk. 58. Speckled Sp. C O N. N°59. Sonnini's F. 60. Black-eyed F. 61. Radiated F. 62. Winking F. 6^. Rufty and Grey F. 64. Pacific F. 65. Lunated F. 66. Fair F. '5 Le Caffre, Levaill. Oif i. p. 28. pi. 6. Aigle Vautourin, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 53. xxi. — Levaill. Fey. (Fr.ti. 8vo.) i. p. 255. Mifler Tokoor, Black Eagle, Bruce^strav. Jpp. t. p. 159? gIZE of the Golden Eagle, but has the bill very ftrong; the claws are moderate, and not greatly curved, in this approaching to the Vulture genus : the general colour is deep black ; but the head is cloathed with feathers : the wings when clofed, reach eight inches beyond the end of the tail ; the end of which is ufually damaged from rubbing on the rocks on which it perches : the Ihapeofthe tail is rounded, the outer feathers being much fhorter than the others : the legs are covered three-fourths of the length with feathers, and are of a dirty yellow: the bill pale yellow, with a dufky blueilh bafe : irides chefnut brown. This fp^^cies inhabits Caffraria, but is rare, and feeds principally on dead carcafes, which caufes it to fmell horridly ofFenfive: from the length of wing, it rifes from the ground with difficulty : faid to build among the rocks ; will attack flieep, and devour them on the fpot, except it has occafion to bring any part to its young, in which cafe it carries it in the claws; in this differing from the true Vulture, which difgorges the nutriment it fupplies to the young from the throat. The natives of the Cape of Good Hope call it Stront Vogeh (dung- bird), or Aas Vogtl (carrion bird). 1 greatly VULTURINE E. DESCRIPTIOlli Place. :' I i ! } \ 16 2. MARTIAL DlSCRI?T!ON. Place. FALCON. I greatly fulpeift this bird to be the fame with the Slack Eagle of Mr. BrucCt alluded to above, the chief difference of which, is the latter having the feathers of the head elongated into a crefl of a con- fiderable length, which it carries ereft. Mr. Bruce*s bird is alfo bare from the bill quite to the eyes, and yellow, in this greatly approach- ing to the Vulture genus, and may fairly be faid to form a link be- tween the two. It was met with in the year 1770 at Dinglehr, among a cloud o( Vultures and other birds of prey, which follow the army in Ahyjfmiat and was ftruck down by fome of thefe, by which means it came under Mr. Bruce's infpC(5lion. Le GriiFard, Le Falco Albicllla, hid. Cm. t. p. 9. 2. Var. ? Cinereous Eagle, Latb. Sjn. i. p. 33. 8. — / as well as phcufants, Le i i F A li C O N» Le Blanchard, Levaill. Oif. i. pi. iii, Aigle Blanchard, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 45. XI. 'J' H I S is about one-third as big as the Martial Eaglsy being fmaller in fizc than moll eagle*:, and more elongated : the plumage is white, foft, and fpotted with black brovvn: the tail barred with black } but the female is more mixed with brownifh yellow, efpe- Gtaily on the wing coverts ; the male has the feathers on the hind head elongated into a creft, in which the female is not deficient, though confiderably fmaller j but in bulk, Ihe exceeds the male by one-third : the irides and legs are yellow : the bill is pale ; the claws black : the tail is rather long, and the wings reach about one half way thereon. It flies well, and its chief prey is wood pigeon, from which it firft tears the feathers j it frequents forefts, and prefers the largefl trees : it likewife feeds on a fmall Ipecies of antelope, called by the Hottentots Nometjes. Its cry confifts of feveral (harp founds, quickly repeated, fomewhat fimilar to Cri-qui qui-qui-quiy and when perched on a tree, will fpend whole hours in repeating this, though in a tone of voice feemingly weak in proportion to the fize of the bird: it builds on high trees : the female lays two white eggs, about as big as thofe of a turkey, but more round : the male and female fit by turns. It has only been found in the country of the Hottniquas, %l 10. Noisy E. Description. MAIiKBKIr Plack.- Le Le Bateleur, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 31. pi. 7 and 8. Aigle ecaude^ DauJ. Orn. ii. p. 54. xxii. ^ H I S is the middle fize between the Sea Eagle and Ofprey i the head, neck, and all beneath, are of a deep black : back and tail deep rufous: fcapulars dulky, varying with the light to blue grey; kffer wing coverts pale Ifabella colour: quills black within, dged outwardly II. SHORT- TAILED F. Descriftion, r ■ 1 1 '^ w : ■ i ii I '-i «8 i 1 '■ ; ■ ^ 1 1 . ( jH '/ ' 1; Manners Place. I»; r f 12. BACHA F. DsSCRlt-TION. FALCON. outwardly with filvery grey : the bill and legs are dufky -, bafe of the bill yellowifh, cere large: the tail in this bird is charadleriftically lliort, and half hidden by its coverts ; irides deep brown : while young, the general colour is brown, palefl: on tlie head and neck, with the edges of all the feathers light coloured : the female is one-fourth bigger than the male. It builds in trees, lays three or four white eggs. The young are fo unlike the old one, that were it not for the fhort tail, they might be miftaken for a different fpecies, and are more like the female in every ftage : the male is not complete in its plumage till the third year's moult. Thefe feed on all forts of carrion, yet will attack young antelopes, alfo lurk about inhabited places, for the fake of attacking any fick fheep. It is mod common about ^eer Boom, near Lagoa Bay, very common in all the country ofHcttniquaf and Na^a/, quite to Caffran'a. The male and female always feen in company j rarely in troops, except many pairs are invited to the fame repaft. The name given this bird by Mr. Levaillanty arofe from its flapping the wings in a finguiar manner while in the air, fo as to be heard at a great diftancej and this repeated from one to the other as if at play, or rather as if to amufc the fpedators below, as buffoons do on a ftage. It is known to the inhabitants by the name of Berg-haan (mountain cock) but perhaps not fufficiently diftinguifhable, as they call fo all birds of prey, particularly eagles. Le Bacha, Levaillant, Oif. I. p. 68. pi. i^.—Dauditt. Orn, ii. p. 43. ix. HIS in fize and refemblance is not unlike our common Buzzard^ but rather more elongated : the general colour dirty brown, the wings and tail dcepeft : the bill is lead colour i cere yellow : the crown of the head black, and the feathers at the back part of it elongated into a creft« of which the feathers are half black half white, the ends lii F A L C O K. ends being black, and at times is fpread out horizontally like a tail : at the bend of the wing, and beneath it on the fides, the •feathers arc marked with roundifh white fpots : the tail is diiflcy, crofled in the middle with a broad rufous white band j the very tip alraoft white : the legs are oker yellow -, claws black. The female as ufual is larger than the male. It frequents only the barren and fultry parts of the country of the Grcfid Namaquas, and from thence to the tropic of Capricorn; it preys chiefly on the Klipdast or Cape Cavy *, though it is obliged at times to take up with lizards, &c. It is obfcrved to watch the Cavy for three hours together, with the head between the fhouldcrs, in an immoveable pofture, and the moment it obferves the anima' iflfue from its retreat, fprlngs fuddenly upon it, and devours it with great apparent ferocity. It however fometimes miffes of its prey, in which cafe it utters a kind of lamentation, fomewhat fimilar to the words bcui-hi-hi, thrice repeated, and immediately afterwards changes its place, in order to watch as before ; this feems abfolutely neceffary, for the plaintive cry of this bird, added to its fruitlefs attempt to feize on its prey, does not fail to alarm and frighten all the cavies into their lurking places, not to appear again for fome hours. It is a folitary bird, except in the breeding feafon, and then only feen in pairs -, this is about the month of Decemhr, and after rearing two or three young ones, they again return to a folitary life : the neft is among the rocks, compofed of a bed of mofs and leaves, ill put together: it is a very fhy and ficce fpccies. Placi. ' . > Falco maritimus, /«B«r.,»^ it is four feet two inches in breadth, and feventcen inches * Hyrax Capenfis. Cavia Capenfis Lin, in .lt> a-- l^^l I f 34 Place. BOOTED F. Description. >5- SCLAVONIAN F. DxscRif tion: 16. MARGINED F. DESCRirTION. FALCON. In length i that the bill is yellow, as well as the cere: the body and end of the tail white : legs of a reddilh and whitilh colour mixed. Inhabits the fea coaft of Java^ feeding on carcafes and fifh. F. pennatus, /» other- wife on the trees near the rivers : lays four rufous white eggs. The male and female fit in turns, and the young brood often remains -with the parents till they have occafion to breed in their turn. Mr. LevaiUant fuppofes this to have fome relation to the 'Tanas of the Senegal negroes, according to Adanfoni but it is much fmaller,be- iides, the Angularity of the under mandible being cut off fquare, is not noticed by him, and which could not furely have efcaped his obier- vation had he feen it, therefore probably is not precifely the fame; nor can it be the Tanas of Buffon *, as it neither correfponds in colour nor creft, only in manners, as being fond of filbj which is no( uncom* Ji^oa to iiMoy other fpecies. • PI. Enl. ^jG, \[\ FALCON. Le Chicqueia, Levail, Oif. i. p. 128. pi. 30. Faucon Chicquera, Daudin. Orn. li. p. r2l. xciii. 'T' H I S is probably a further variety of the lad, as it correfponda as to the general diftribution of colour, though it has not the Icaft appearance of a creft : the bill, however, in Angularity, exadtly corrcfponds with it as to formation, ind nearly fo in colour j the upper mandible has a double notch, and the under truncated before : the top of the head and hind part of the neck are rufous, and a tinge of the fame appear about the bafe of the bill, and bend of the wing i but the upper parts of the body and wings in general are blue grey, mottled with darker fpots : the tail much the fame as to colour, and crolTed near the end with a broad band of dufky black : the tips of all the feathers very pale, nearly white : legs and irides yellow : the under parts in generid are white, but the bread, belly, thighs, and vent, are crofled with fmall dufky ftreaks : the quills when clofed reach two-thirds on the tail, the end of which is rounded. This Mr. Livaillant fuppofes has not been figured before. He bought it in a coUedtion from Bengal, where it is faid to be called-^ Cbkquera, 19. CHICQIIERA F. DlSCHIPTtOM-^ PtACt \ F. Gyrfaico, Jnd. Orn. u p. 32, 69, Iceland Falcon, Gt/t. Syn. i. p. 71. 51. ^. tfe/c. 1. ABOUT Cafan, are caught the bcft and largeft falcons in the world, which arc purchafed by the 'Turks and Perjians, The Tartars alfo fly them at antelopes and hares *. to. ICELAND F. F. incertus, IhJ. Orn, i. p. 32. •JQ.—Muf. Carl/,iu lah. i6. 'T^HIS is probably a variety of the Gyrfaleofit and is found in Sweden, where it is not very common : the bill is black : irides • See StlN Trav. i. p. \9,^ArS. Ztel, ». p. ai6» ^/tq. £ a yellow Vai. a. DsscRirTioir.' •i ill- 38 NO-fLHED F. D£sjRjr riON. 22 SWALLOW- TAILED F. DiSCRlPTIOH. 23- BLACK- WINGED F. DfiSCRirTIONt FALCON. yellow : legs fafFron colour : the head, back, and wing coverts cinereous brown, each feather ferruginous on the outer margin : the chin, throat, and brcafl: ferruginous ; the fhafts of the feathers black : tail cinereous, with a duiky tip j near the bife tliree bands of brown. F. bidcnt.itiis, A'(/. Orn.i. p. 38. 90. Norched Falcon, Gen. Sjn. Sup, p. 34. no. J N a fpecimen which lately paflcd under my obfervation, the paltf bars of the tail are narrow ; the tail rounded in fhape: under wing coverts plain white: the wings reach more than two-thirds on the tail: the firft quill feather fliorter by an inch and a half than the fecond, but the third is the longeft of all. F. furcatus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 2Z. 41. Milan de la Caroline, DauHin. Orn. ii. p. 152. cxxiii. Forked-tailed Hawk or Kite, Bartram. Trav. p. 286. Swallow-tailed Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 60. 42. — Nat. Mi/c. vol. vi. pi. 204. 'T'HIS fpecics comes into Georgia in fummer, feeds on fnakes, the larvas of wafp -, and other infedls ; is much on the wing, and tears off the nefts of wafps, which are found hanging on the branches of trees, as it flies ; it ftays during the breeding time, departing in autumn. I obferve in a drawing lent to me from Georgia, that the cere is blue ; irides reddifh orange : it varies in having the under parts of the body inclining to dirty yellow, aiid the white on the wing lefs confpicuous, or wholly wanting. Le Blac, Lcvaill. Olf. i. p. 147. pi. 36 and 37. Milan Blac, DauJin. Orn. ii. p. 152. cxxiv. O I Z E of the female Kejiril : top of the head, back of the neck, body, wings, and tail, more or lefs pale afh colour : wing feather* fringed round the ends with white : the tail has a flight tinge of rufous, is a trifle V \m FALCON. a trifle forked in fhape, and the feathers fringed at the ends with white j the under part of it white : fides of the head, and all beneath v/hite ; the feathers of the thighs are filky and delicate, and reac!i almoft to the toes : the eye is fituated in a bed of blackifli, wliich continues betwixt it and the noftrils: irides orangr : bill black: legs fliort and yellow : the wing coverts are wholly black i but tiie quills arc the fame colour with the back. The female chiefly difl^ers in being bij^ger, and the colour of the plumage lefs diftinft. The young birds have fuch parts as arc white in the adr.lt inclined to rufous, efpecially on the back feathers^ with a large portion of rufous in the middle of the bread, and the top of the head. Thefe birds build between the forks of trees, lining the neft with mofs and feathers, and lay four or five white eggs. This fpecies is found throughout all the African coaft, from Duyven- Hoek to Caffrariat and in the interior in C^w^^Z'Of, and the borders. oi Swarte-Kop and Sondagi .is always perched on high buflies, where it may be feen afar oflP by its pure white under fide. Its cry is piercings and it repeats it often, efpecia ly in flying. It feems to feed principally on infers, fuch as graflioppers and mantes i but Mr. Levaillant has not feen it kill fmall birds, however, it attacks crows, kites, and Ihrikes, and drives them from its haunts. It is a wild bird, and difficult to be Ihot. It is obfervtd to fmell of mufk, which its fkin retains, even after prepared for the cabinet, it is laid alfo to have been killed in Barbary, as alfo in India. ' ■ Mr. Levaillant thinks this has fome affinity with the Swallow-tailed Fahorii which makes its chief food infers* 2^ MaNNER3, Placi, 1. ' F. MllvHi, I JO FALCON. H I ! ir «4- KITE. PARASITE F. IDescription. '^i [:.n F. Milvus, 7«.Y. Orii. 5. p. 20. Kite, Gen. Syn. i. p. 61. 43.— A/. Suf. p. 17. nPHIS is faid to be moft frequent in the temperate and well in- habited parts of RuJftOy more fcarce in Sibiria^ but docs not ven- ture far to the north ; about Lake Baikal not uncommon, but none beyond the Lena, This bird frequents flieep downs in the breeding feafon, efpecially thofe which are flcirted with wood, but in winter deliglits in the neighbourhood of towns watered by rivers, where it has been obferved to fweep off dexterouHy any offal floating on the furi&ce: will lay as far as four eggs, feme of which are of a pure white, and others much fpeckled. This bird, as well as other birds of prey, drives away the young as foon as they are able to fliift for themfelves. It has been obferved to me, that a female kite will weigh two pounds and ten ounces, and the egg two ounces and a half, fo that feventeen eggs would but juft exceed the weight of the bird ; but the raven is fo difproportionate as to require forty-eight to anfwcr the fame purpofe *. Le Parafite, Ltvaill. Oif. i. p. 88. pi. 22. Milan Parafite, Dmtdin. Orn. ii. p. 150. cxxii. 'T^HIS by many may be efl:eemed only a variety of our Kitii but Mr. Levaillant aiTures us, that it differs materially in having the tail lefs forked, and in being of fmaller fize : the bill yellow inftead of black, which the common kite has, and the cere blueifh inflead of yellow; however the legs in both are yellow: irides brown hazel: the general colour is that of tanned leather : the middle of each fea- ther darkifhj the under parts more inclined to cinnamon colour : * CthMBtilagu, cheeks FALCON. cheeks and throat whicifli : mod of the feathers have a blackifli line down the (haft : tail brown, banded with deeper brown. This is common throughout Jlfrkat efpccialiy in Caffraria and Grand Namaquas j called at the Cape Kuykendieft wliich alfo is the name the Dutch give the common Kite, It builds both in trees and rocks, lays four eggs, Ipotted with rufous : the young have the end of the tail nearly even, which alfo takes place with the European Ipecies, and Mr. Levaillant fuppofes the Black Kite * to be no other than a young bird. This is a very bold fpecies. 31 PtACt. t ^1 i Le Bazon, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 8&. pi. 2n Bulard Bufon, Daudin. Orn, ii. p. 168. cxlii. CiZE of the Hobhy: the bill is horn colour, covered at the bafc with a deep yellow cere: the legs arc alfo yellow: tlie head and neck are du(ky to appearance; but the bafcs of the feathers are white : the upper parts of the body and wings are rufous and black , irregularly mixed: the greater quills dulky; the fecondaries the fame, outwardly rufous : the tail is even at the end, black, having a narrow band of white about the middle of it, which according to the figure, feems compofed of white fpots j the very tip alfo white: all the under parts are pale rufous, croffed with dark markings: thighs the fame, but not feadicied beyond the knees : this differi from the Buzzaret, in not having the quills reach beyond one-third of the tail, whereas in the Buzzaret the wings and tail are equal : the bill is by much more broad and fliort than in that bird. Inhabits Cayenne, and fecm3 in many things greatly allied to mjr Spotted'taiUd Hobby f. • PI. Enl. 472. t Gfn, Sjn> i. p. 106, HOBBY BUZZARD* DfiSCRIPTION. Placis I.» 3* FALCON. J^ t :. i "•1 ' . i ■i t 1 * ( >7- BUZZARET. Di aCRIPTION. Place. Le Buferay, Ltvaill. Oif. \. p. 84. pi. 20. Bufard Buferai, Daudin. Qrn. ii. p. 168. cxii. CIZE of the Marjh Buzzard: the bill black; cere lead colour : the head and neck rufous white, mixed with brown, the laft deepeft on the back part of the neck : the back and wings are rufous brown, or chefnut, more or lefs fpotted or ftreaked acrofs with dufky black : the tail barred with the fame, but the bafe of it inclines to rufous yellow, towards the end duflcy ; the wings when clofed reach to the end of it : the belly and thighs are light rufous, marked with tranfverfe bands of black brown : quills black. Inliabits Cayemey and is fuppofed to be the fame bird which M, Mauduit mentions in the Eneyclopedie Methodiquet by the name of Bufard Roux de Cayenne, 28. ONDICHERRY E. Flaci. DltSCRIPTION. F. ponticerlanus, Ind. Orn. 5. p. 23. 46. Oifeau Brame, Eff. Philof. p. 55. Aigle de Pondichery, Daudin, Orn. ii. p. 55. xxiii, Pondicherry Eagle, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 41. 'T* H I S is not unfrequent on the coaft of Malabar and Coromandel, where it is called Tcbil and Kueroudaty but not of fo generous a nature as to be trained for falconry. The figure of the Garroora, is a bird, which is frequently found in the temples of the God Fi/bnou, immediately in front of his image, and fometimes fitting on a fefpent with feveral heads: this is a large brown kite, with a white head; the Brachmans at fome of the temples of Vijhnou, accuftom birds' of t is fpicies to come at ftated tiracs to be fed, and call them to their meals by ftriking a brafs plate *. A bird feemingly of this lail: kind is found in New Hollandj in f Skettkit of tht Hindoos, 8vo, 17901 which FALCON. which the head, neck, and belly are pul-e white, without any flrcaks : the reft of the body of a dull ruft colour. It is cnll«xl Gtrrencra : part of its food confifts of eggs, as the ftomach of one was found full ofeggJheUs. JJ Le Vocifer, Ltvaill, Oif. 5. p. 17. pi. 4. Aigle Vocifer, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 65. xxxv. — — Nonette, Gahy, Voy. in Nigrilie. 'T' H I S bird is the fize and make of the Ofprey^ and greatly rc- fcmbles it in manners : extends from wing to wing eight feet : the bill is lead colour: the legs yellow : irides red brown : the head, neck, breaft, and fcapulars, are pure white edged with brown j on the breaft a few black brown fpots : the tail of a pure white : the reft of the plumage is rufly brown, ftreaked with dingy black i the lefler wing coverts more inclining to ruft colour : quills black, crofled on the outer webs with fine rufous and black lines : lower part of the back and rump, mixed black and dirty white : between the bill and eye, a yellow (kin barely covered with hairs: the, lower part of the belly and thighs deep rufous, feathered only to the knees : the wings when clofed reach to the end of the tail. The female is more dull in colour. This fpecies inhabits the more inward parts of t^z Cape of Good Hopit about fixty or eighty leagues up the country ; moft common about Lagoa Bay. The colonifts at xhtCape^ call it GrooU Vif'-vanger, or Witte Vif-vangery as it feeds on fifh, defcending upon them into the water after the manner of the Q^r and very Ihy, therefore very difEcult to be ihu£. F. apivsnub .fff^"- FALCON. F. apivorui, Tnd. Om. i. p. 25. 52. Honey-Buzzard, Gen. Sy/:. i. p. ^z.-m^JJ, Sup, p. 14. 'T^HIS is found in open countries, in Rn£ia and Sihiria, where woods arc near, and plenty of fmall Lizards, which are com- monly met with in its gizzard on difiedlion j not only fo, but likewile Caterpillars, both fmooth and hairy: builds a large (hallow neft of twigs, lined with dead leaves, upon a tall flender beech, as obferved by Mr. IfTfite *. The egg was fmaller than that of the Common Buzzard, lefs round, dotted at each end with fmall red (pots, and furrounded in the middle with a broad bloody zone. Le Grenoaillard, Levaill. Oif. i. p<95. pl> 2j. Bufard Grenouillard, Daudin. Ortt, ii. p. ^ 70. cxiiv. A T firft fight it feems mod like the Morr Buzzard, being much of the Time fize and ftature, but di£rers in colour, for the upp)er part of the body is pale umber colour : the cheeks and throat arc covered with whitifh tender feathers, each marked with a longitudinal brown band : the under part of the body Ir^^ht brown, flighdy mixed with white on the breaft and lower belly : on the upper part of the breaft, and lefler wing coverts, a few white i^ots: thighs and under tail coverts ruft colour: wings brown; tail the fame, even at the end, but crofled with bars of deeper brown : the wings when clofed' icach two-thirds on the tail : irides grey brovm : legs flender, yellow; , Inhabits chiefly the marlhy parts of the Cape of Good Hope, where it preys on frogs, whence the name oiKikvorS'Vaitger, or frog-catcher, but ic alfo preys on young water-fowl. ' It makes the neft among the reeds, with ftalks and leaves of a«^uatic plants, and lays three or four eggs, which are quite white. • Hift. Stlh. p. 107. 3i 3*- HONEY B. RANiVOROUS F. DEscniffTioir. PtACS. i^. I > 1 :! 11 34- RUSTY F. Description. Place. FALCON. In the luiTie places have been met with, another, which appeared flill more like the Moor Buzzard^ as well as a third, quite black, with the rump entirely white. Falco rubiginofas, InJ. Ora, i. p. 27. 6. ^ 'T*HE bill is black: legs yellow: the head wholly of a whitifh yellow ; cheeks rufty : body above brown, beneath yellowifli white, with an irregulaiv rufty-coloured fpot on the bread: quills brown, with the outer edges hoary, within brown, with feveral white bands : tail brown, crofled with four teftaceous bands. Inhabits Sclavonia, m. m f •I 11 liP A i 1 3?- TESTACEOUS F. Desckiption. FI.ACI. I 1'" ? ' %^ , - ' 36. JAVAN 1 F. i \ > DSSCRIPTIOK. ■<•' : V Wi > ■1 i . . y. - 1*. *» •' '\i^ * || Faucon teftac6, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 125. ci. CIZE of a Gojbawk: length twenty-one inches: bill blueilli: cere, iridcs, and legs yellow : the head, and all the upper parts of the bird, are teftaceous brown : the fbafts of the feathers blackilh : throat and fore part of the neck nearly white, inclining to teftaceous on the breaft j from thence to the vent leddifli brown : the vent itfelf white: quills dufky, fpotted v..; the inner webs with white: "tail brown above, and pale beneath, where it is crofled with five indiftindt duflcy bands. Inhabits the ifland of Java : it was firft obferved perched on a rock, feizing on fuch fmall birds as pafled by within reach of him, and was by chance killed by a ftone thrown at him. F. Javanicus, IkJ. Orn, I. p. 27. ^^.•^Lichttmherg, Maga». iv. z. 8. npHE cere is black, but the middle of it is yellow: the bead, neck, and breaft chefnut: the back brown: legs yellow. In- habits Javaf and is found chiefly on the Tea coafts, feeding on >^. The FALCON. The flight account which we are enabled to give of this bird, will not enable us to fay whether it is the fame with the preceding fpecies. 37 •J ^ .'SI' F. Palumbarius, InJ. Orn, i. p. 29- 65. 37« Autour comtnun, Laud. Orn. ii. p. 71- 39. "• GOSHAWK. Co'htLwV , Gen. Syn. i. p. ^^.^IJ, Sup. p. 16. "D REEDS in Scotland: the young one is very different from the adult, and it is not at all clear that the Fa/con GentU of JSr. ZooL N" 50, is not the Gojhaiak in its firft feathers. In Germany, it is not an uncommon fpecies in the forefts, where it is ftationary, preying on various kinds of large and fmall game j among others gesJCi hence perhaps has arifen the name of Goofe Hawk or Gojhawk: faid to be found in numbers on the Azcres iflands, and by fome fup- pofed to have given a name thereto, as azor in the Spanifij tongue fignifics a Cojhawk. The American fpecies weighs three pounds and a quarter, and meafures twemy -one inches in length. Var. A. Der Weiffe Stockfalke, A'.lg. U. d. Vog. Zu/a/s. S. 662.'~Deceuver. Ruff: Var. B. 3-P-303- ^ii FalcoLathami, AiJCdurblanc, DtfudVn. 0^«. it. p. 73. 39. Var. C. A Large white Variety, motried with broWn and yellow, is fome- Description. times found about the Uralian mountains, and the eaft part of Siberia^, and hQt\i \t\ Germany as well as Kamtfchatka individuals are found of a pure white, without mixture ; one of thefe, with a grey tinge on the back, was fhot in Thuringia, in the autumn. L'autour hupp6, Levaill. Oi/. i. p. 114. pi. 26.— 'Daudin. Orn. il p. yj. ytv. Aigle moyen de la Guiaue, Eneycl. Meth. (Mauduit.) 'IT H I S and the Common Gojhawk^ according to M, Levaillant, are the only two Gofliawks known : the prefent one is one third bigger than our European fpecies i and independant of the difference of 3«. CRESTED GOSH.vWK. Description. i » . « ; • ■| * 33 Placi. 39- MAUDUIT F. DitCRIPTION* Place. 40. GUIANA GOSHAWK. DllCRirTIOK. FALCON. of colours, has a tuft of long black and white feathers fpringing from the hind head t the crown is black : hind part of the neck deep rufous : the upper part of the body and wings are brown, but deepeft on the wing coverts: chin and throat white: the reft of the under parts dirty rufous white, with irregular black fpots, and a line of black on each fide of the neck, between the rufous and white: thighs barred or chequered with black and white, and feathered almoft to the toes : the bill is pale blue, with a yellow cere ; legs dull yellow : tail banded brown and black. This inhabits Cayenne. Autour de 1. 1 Grand autour w. DauJ. Orit. ii. p. 73. Jtl. .yenne> Mauduit, Enc, Metb. 'IT HIS is two feet in length : the bill and cere black : the eye- lids, and fkin between the bill and eye covered with hairs : nape afli colour: the feathers with black Ihafts, and ftreaked with white: cheeks white j from behind the eye to the hind head a black ftreak : the hind head furnifhed with a long creft : the upper part of the body black brown: middle of the wing barred with cinereous grey : belly white, barred with rufous brown : fhins covered with feathers, rufous and white, in rings: tail long, banded alternately with four bands of black and grey j the wings when clofed reaching about half way thereon : toes yellow. The female is bigger, and wants the creft, and the colours in ge« neral more dilute. Inhabits Cajenne, . ^ Autour de la Guiane, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 78. xlvi. Petit Aigle de la Guiane, Mcmduitt Enc. Mttb. ^ HIS is twenty- two inches in length, and the plumage in general entirely white, except the quills and the tail : the feathers of both of which are banded chequerwife with grey and black, fo that the •^ colours 9 FALCON. colours on each fide the fliaft oppofe each other: the hind head is crcfted ; one of the feathers, which is much longer^than the reft, is marked with a fpot of black near the end : the wing when clofcd reaches two thirds on the tail. This inhabits Guiana* J9 Place. Epcrvier a ventre roux, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 86. liv. — hlauduit, Entjd. Mttb, 687. col. I. ClZE of the common Sparrowbawkj and has a bill as in that bird: the head is cinereous brown, paler at the nape : throat whitifh in the middle, banded on each fide with rufous : the upper parts of the body deep brown, the under rufous ; the vent feathers inclining to white : legs yellow j claws black. Inhabits Cayenne, 41- RUFOUS BELLIED F. Dbscriptiom Flaci. Faico hyemalis, Ind. Om. i. p. 3;. 78. Var. Faucon ^ croupion blanc, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 1 10. 78. Northern Falcon, Gen. Syn. i. p. 79. Var. 'T*HIS is fixteen inches in length: bill browns cere greenifhj irides yellow: head afli colour, each feather brownilh in the middle, and ferruginous on the fides, moft inclining to the laft at the hind head : cheeks pale afh colour : orbits and chin whitifh : neck afh colour, inclining to brown behind, and to ferruginous on the fore part : back cinereous brown : rump white : bread ferrugi- nous, more or lefs mixed with whitilh : belly and thighs white, marked with ferruginous, each feather having two or three heart- fliaped fpots upon it : tail brown above, beneath pale, with dull dufky bars : legs yellov/. This was killed in Carglina, by Mr. C. JBo/c, it fcems clearly a Var, of my Nmrtbem Fakon* 42. NORTHERN DlSCRirTION. Pi.AC>. F. melaaoleuciu^ i:( 4'^ 43- BLACK and WHITEINDIAN F. Desc RlfTION. t^i/i- Placi. 44- CHANTING F. Db'criptidn. FALCON; F. melanoleucus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 36. 85. Var. Lc Tchbug, Letai/I. Qlf. i. p. 133. pi. 32. Epervier pie, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 85. 51, Black and White Indian Falcon, Gen. Syn, i. p. 81.— >/ Maeufe-habicht Miflilauce, Jo/. Maytr. Sothm. Abh. vi. p. 3 1 3.. 'J^ H I S is more than a foot in length : the gape of the mouth, iri- des, and legs yellow : the upper parts of the plumage afli-colour- ed ; beneath white : the orbits white : tail long : the legs fomewhat fliort, furniflied with feathers below the knees: five of the outer quills black on the outer margin. Inhabits the mountainous parts of Bohemia^ feeding on mice : is chiefly obferved of evenings. It has been fuppofed that this bird may prove only a variety, if not the fame as the Hen-harritr * . BOHE^IIAN F. Dbicription. Placi. F. TinnunculuSf InJ. Orn. i. p. 41. ^%,-^Spalowfi, Vog. 3. t. 3. 'Brif. Orn. i. p. i^- 393. 27. KESTRIL. . F. Nilus, Sefp, Vog. 3. pi. 117. — Seop. An. Na\ Add. p. 10. Keftril, Gen, Syn. i. p. 94. 79,— / Le Faucdn a culctte noire, LevatU. Qif. \. p. xcii. 126. pi. 2g,-^Daudin. Orn, ii. p. iso. 'J* HIS is fomewhat bigger than a pigeon: the bill is Angularly formed in reiiaedt to the under mandible, as in ths Crefied Indian Falcortt lead coloured, with a yellowilh cere : the plumage on the upper parts of the body and wings is grey brown, with a darker ftreak down the middle of each feather : the throat is white: the reft of the under parts very pale rufous, with dafhes of dark brown, prin- cipally down the fhafts : the thighs are black : the quills and tail dark coloured j and the wings when clofcd reach two^thirds of the way thereon; thv' tail in fhape rather rounded : the legs are yellow : irides hazel brown. This fpecies frequent the Grand Namaquas. M, Levaillant killed three in the aflion of feeding on a leveret, at the fame time roufed another fomewhat larger, which was fuppofed to be z, female. He was informed, that this bird is not uncommon on Sneeuw-bergen {(xiow mountain) wheie it is called Kfyne herg-baan (litde cock oi the mountain) but by this name they call all the middle fized birds of prey, and the linaller ones by the name of Valk or Fakon. 54. BLACK- THIGHED F. DCSCRIPTION* Placi. Xe Rounoir, LevailL Oif. i. p. 73. pi. 16. Bufc Jakal, Daudin. Orn. n. p. 161. cxxxiii. 'J' HIS is the fizc of our Buziard, Kit comparativelf mote bulky, and the tail ihdrtdr in propbrtion': the bill is dulky : cere and legs yellow : iris deep brovn : the cdlour of the plumage is moftly duiky brbwn; from the chin is ^ a mirtiire of white, which changes on the brcaft to rufous: the quills are dufky, banded with Supp. II. H paler 55- JACKAL F. Description* I.^1;/ '■( ,-.1, I '^|;t='';^* 50 Plack. 56. DE6ERT F. Desckiption. F /. L C O N. paler at the bafe, and the secondaries mixed outwardly with white; tail deep rufousj yith a fpot of black near the end of each feather.} the two juter ones only banded with duflcy : beneath all is rufous grey. The female differs, in being larger, and the red on the breaft not fo high coloured. This fpecies is moftly feen about habitations of the colonifts of the Cap of Good Hy., where it is known by the name ofjakals" Vogel (Jackal Bird) on account of the cry irriitating the voice of that quadruped; called aHb i2<;//tfr-/^<3i«j:^r (Rat-catcher); it Is not fhy, being feen every where following the lefler kinds of vermin, as rats, moles, and the like, and like the Buzzard in Europe^ is efteemed an ufeful fpecies i it is cowardly, infomuch, that even the Fife al Shrike will occafionally put it to flight. It inhabits chi^fl^ the thick groves which furround the houfes, and in the thickicfli part of them makes the neft of twigs and mofs, lined with feathers : lays three or four eggs, fometimes only two, which are generally hatched, as the neft is rarely deftroyed, from idea the natives iehtertaln of the utility of this fpecies. J 1 <;. ^i^V ■ -i Le ^ougri, itfoifl///. Oi^I i. p« 77. pi. 17. Bufe des defem, Z)a{ii/. Or;>. .ii. p. i6a. cxxxiv. ... 'T'HIS is fmaller than the laft, and lefs robuft in proportion, but has a longer tail : the bill, cere, and legs are yellow : irides red- difti : the reigning colour of the plumage is ferruginous or rufous, paler beneath, with the chin to the breaft and vent very pale grey, nearly white; the quills are black ; che reft of the under parts are rufous as above, but pak'r, and ftreaked fparingly with duflcy : the tail is like the back above, but greyifli beneath, marked with fome tranfverfc obfolete bands. : ' Tht femalt is a trifle bigger than the ma/e, and is Icfs diftinft in the colours. ' / It !'i-> FALCON. • It is lefs frequent abonC thfc inliabited parts than the Jackal Falcon^ Place. being only fecn in the dry and uncultivated fpots. It lives howevel* on the fame kind of food : its' cfy not- unlike the European Buzzard. The male and female are moRly fcen together, and they make the nefl: in the fame kind of places, and of nearly the fame materials. Falco Nifus, Iml. Orn. i. p. 44. 107. . Var' a. , ' ' Sparrow-hawk, Gen. Syn. p. 99 85. Var. C. T EN G T FI eighteen inches; in appearance not unlike the SparroW' hawk'.^\3\\\ p^l,e blue : . irid:^s and legs yellow: the top of the head is afh colour; hind part of the neck rufous : back, and wings dark afh colour, nearly black :, bread and belly dirty white, crofled with numerous pale rufous bars : tail long, marked with feveral pale barsi wings fliort, reaching only to the bafe of it. Inhahiis, New Holland. . , '. Place. 51 57- N. HOLLAND SPARROW- HAWK. Dbscription. • liQT.-Or&jrd, Z,;^«/7/.'0//; i. p. 100. pi. 24. Epervicr Tachiro, Baudin. Orn. ii. p. 9. 58. 'pH I S^ii 'little inferior in fifce to our Gojhawk: the head and neck a.e varied with white and rufous, with fpots of brown black : breaft white, mixed with ruf . ; above the plumage is dull brown for the moil part, beneath vliire, fliaded with rufous, mark, d with crefcent-lrke fpots of b own • the cjuills have white tips : the tail is as long asthpjbody, orov/n above, crollcd.vith deepe; bands, beneatli white, with.tjroad blackilh bands; the quills reach to about the middle of it:i-t:he bill is blueifli : L-gs yellow: irides topaz colour: the y^»f|j/(t lefs. brigjit in colour. , i-r , ' f This^iiequentx only the deep forefts,. which border ^uer Boom^ and in thofe oi' IloUmqua Landy and makes the neft betw- en the forks of the branches of the great trees, formed of fmall t' .^a and mofs ; H 2 has U ) y.U .. 58. SPECKLED SPARROW- HAWK. Description. Place. ^* '-' ifTB 59« SONNlNI's F. PtACE. 60. BLACK-EYED F. DitcRirTiox. Place. F A L C O N. has three ypung at a time : fuppofed to feed on fmall birds without diftin,£tiion, bpt nourilhcs the young with grafshoppers j has a piercing note Jikc pri, (rr, often repeated. The eggs are white, marked with rufous (pots. ' « Newfpecles of' Hawk, Sotmin, Trav. {Engl, eef.) li. p. 52. r E N G T H eleven inches and an half: bill very hooked, full an > inch long:, cere and legs yellow : irides orange : the tail nearly even, but the outer feathers rariier longed, though not perceivably forked unlefs expanded : the length of if four inchei eight line^*, and . the wings when clofed reach eight lines beyond it: the firil quill' feather ferrated outwardly*: legs co\,Jred with feathers on the fore part akiOft to the toes: the forehead and under parts are white;, above the . eye and anterior angle of it, covered with (lender black feathers : body, head, and upper wing coverts afh coloured, tipped with grey, the (hafts black: the two middle tail feathers white, > mingled with alh colour : the reft white within, and light grey with- out. Inhabits Egypt, where it is commonly feen fufpended in the air over the rice fields, like the Kejiril, and is fometimes feen to perch . on date trees, hut never obferved on the ground* npH I S fpecies is about thirty-four or thirty-five inches in length : ; the bill is black ; pale about the noftrils : legs pale red : the head and neck are afh colour: the eye placed in a trlanguhar rufous- patch, but iinmediately round ti\e eye black: the back, v/k.igs, and. tail, which laft is rather long, are of a dufky brown: round the lower parts of the neck, and all beneath, ferruginous, crofTed with ntnnerous . fine lines of a bluei(h afh colour. . Inhabits Ntw Holland* y J * This circumllance, added to the (bins being feathered beforei and the black fea- thers half round the eye, indiaes us to think the bird allied to the Ov/l Genus. *"J Pl.CXXI ■! i i m 1:4 M. f(l FALCON. 'T' H I S fpecies is twenty-two inches long, and four feet broad from the tip of one wing to that of the other: the bill is black : the cere and fpace round the eye pale blue : irides brown: the plumage in general of a fine ruft colour, fpotted and ftreaked all over with black,- but crofled on the head and neck with fine lines of the fame : wings and tail brown, marked with blackifli or dufky bars : the tail is very long, with eight or nine black bars, the wings reaching co the middle of it : the legs are blue i claws long, black, and (harp. This inhabits New HoUandy but is probably a fcarce fpecies, only one having been met with, which was found nailed to the fide of a barn. C I Z E of the Ringtail ; length eighteen or nineteen inches : bill pale, with a black point : irides yellow : the general colour of the plumage is a deep chocolate brown, fpotted with rufty white on the lower part of the neck behind-, and on the axillaries of the wings: the quills are obliquely, and the tail feathers tranfverfely barred with the fame : the under parts as far as the breaft, dirty yellowilh white, , with Ihortdulky ftreaks : legs covered to the toes with pale alh- coloured feathers. Inhabits^ New HoUandt but no hiftory annexed, further than that it has a wonderful faculty of contrafting and dilating the irisj and that the native name is Goora-a-Gang, Falco difcolor, Aa, Soc. N. H. di Paris, i. pi. i. p. 91 1. 4. Der bunte Falke, Jllg. V. d. Fog. ii. S. 680. 128. 'J' H E fize of this bird is not mentioned ; but the dcfcription ob- ferves, that the upper parts of the plumage are dufky grey ; the under, breaft, belly, and thighs, dulky ruft colour: the under wing coverts and thofc of the tail whitc» . Inhahit&Cayeme, S3 61. RADIATED F. Dbscripfion. Placi. €2. WINKING F. DCSCRIPTIONr Placb, 63. RUSTY and GREY F. Description. Placi. I >• !♦' 54 64. PACIFIC P. DjiSCRIPTION- Place. 65. LUNATED f. Description. Pl 66. FAIR F. Description. FALCON. *Y*I-1E length of this birtl is from fixteen to eighteen inches: the bill, legs, and iiides ycl'ow : the head and moft part of the neck are white, but the rcfl: of the plumage in general is brown, blotched on the back with dark fpots, and marked on the belly (which is paler than above, and inclining to yellow) with black flreaks. The tail is long, even at the end, crofled with feven or eight oblique black bars : the quills are alfo barred as the tail, with the ends black. This was met with in New South IVales, and probably is not a numerous fpecies, as only one has been fliot, though others have been now and then {ccn. 'PHIS fpecies is twelve inches long: the bill is blue: legs yellow:" the forehead buff colour : all the upper parts of the plumage are brown, as alfo the wings and tail : the throat and under parts of the body buff yellow, paffing upwards in the fhape of a crefcent on each fide under the eye, and again below this, but not fo far : the bread is marked with numerous brown fpots: thighs croffed with fine brown lines : the tail long; the wings reach about halfway thereon. ACE. Inhabits New Holland, and was taken in March. The native name is GoQ-roo-wang. 'T^ H E length of this fpecies is about twelve inches : the bill is pale brown : k^gs and iridcs yellow : head, neck before, and all be- '' neath, white: the ci own of the head, and middle of the belly pale bloc: back, wings, and tail brown: the bend of the wing brownifh blue, occupying in an oblique manner above half the coverts. Place. Inlabits New Holland^ but neichei name normanners are recorded. Another, very fimilar, was Ipotted on the nape with black ; the back paler: rump pale dufky. blue: tail tipped with paile colour j all be- neath white, but not tinged any where with blue, . O W L. 55 Genus III. OWLS. • Eared Owls. No, I. Great-Eared Owl. 2. Long-E. O. 3. Short-E. O. 4. Mar(h-E. O. 5. White-fronted O. * * W^iTH Smooth Heads. 6. Snowy O. 7. Ermine O. 8. White O. Var. A. Javan O. 9. Falconine O. 10, Var'egated O. 'I. FafciiJted O. 12. Superc.Uious O. ij. Georgian O. 14. Boobook O. 15. SpedacleOwJ. Var. A, Var. B. 16. Bare-legged O. 17. Booted O. 18. Tengnnalm's O. Var. A. Dwarf O. •EARED OWLS. Str. Bubo, Jnd. Orn. i. p. 51. i. — Mu/. Le-v.tah. j. Le Grand Due, Le'vaill. Oif. i. p. 160. p!. ^o.—Daud>M. Orn. ii. p. 208. Great-eared Owl, Gen. Syn. i.p. 116. i.—Id. Sup. p. 40. I T is obfervcd, that this bird fees better in the day than any other of the genus, as it is frequently obferved preying on its game in full. daylight. It feems to be a fpecies univerfally fpread over both the old.and^new continents, as M. Levafllant met with it in Africa, as alfo the Long-eared Owl, and Scops, on the borders of the River of Elephants, but fmaller, and having a greater degree of black in the plumage. I. GREAT-EARED O. Dbsc RIPTIOK, Ml ^A:, I... i !t1 56 LONG- EARED O. DeSCRIPTIONi Plaoi. SHORT-EARED O. O W Li Str. Otns, LtJ. Ora. i.p. 53. 7. Moyen Due,: LevailL Oif. i. p. 166. Long-rared Owl, Gtn, Syn. i. p. izi.—^IJ. Sup. p. 41. J N one of thcfe which fell under my obfei vation, the weight was eight ounces and a half j the length twelve inches and a half; breadth thirty-four inches : the horns, fo called, confift of nine feathers each ; ihofe in front are the IhortelV, .and the fifth the longeft, and when they all lie in their places, there appears a black broad ftripe, edged with yellow outwardly, within crofled with three or four bars of a darker Ihade. It is found in the neighbourhood of the Cape of Good Hope^ as well as in other parts oi Africa, Str. brachyotosi /«^^eelig. Fog. Th. 3. Taf. ij,-^S^t/rwJi. fog. 2. t. a. Strix ardlica capite latvi. Sec. Bartr. Trav. p. 285. Chouette Harfang. Dautlin. Orn, ii. p. 1 88. Snowy Owl« Gen. Sjn. i. p. 132. VJ.—'Id. Sup. p. 45. pOUND fometimes in Saxon^y Heje, znd Thuringia/m Ce*-ma)ty. From its preying on hares, among other things, it has probably acquired the name of Harfang. In fummer it is marked with dull pale brownifti fpots, but in winter as white as fnow. The Kalmius are faid to pay divine honours to this (pecies, and augur good or ill luck, according to the bird tending in its flight to the right or left. In Laplandy it is found ufeful in dcftroying numbers of the Lem- mings : the inhabitants of Hudfons Bay make thefe birds fupply part of their food, eating their flefh when cooked, and drinking the broth made with it. Bartram obfervcs, that it arrives in Fenfylvania in autumn, from the north, and continues through the winter, departing in fpring, and that they fometime*^- continue their journics as far fouth as Carolina. I 2 6. SNOWY O. Descriptioh. Placi. I 1 'I I'll'T . 11 -1 I- >. . ii [■■:H 6 the colleftion of M. Raje de BrMkelerwardy at Amjierddm. . Str. flamtnea^ Ind. Orn. i. p. 60. 28. L'EfFraie, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 164. — Dautlin. Orn. ii. p. 197. White or Barn O'.vl, Gn. Syn. i. p. 138. 26. — IJ. Sup. p. 46. 'HIS is very common at the Cape of Good Hopet but in defcdlof barns, out-houfes, and old buildings, it is conftrained to make the oeft among the rocks, in the hollows of which it lays feven or eight white eggs, on a ncft compofed of a few twigs and dried leaves. The natives cail it Dordvogel (Bird of Death) and the other kinds of owls. Uylers, by which nanne they call all night-birds. % -<;.■■. « ■?; OWL. 6i Var. A. Sti-. Javanica, Ind. Orn. i. p. 64. 39 —Dn. ii. p. 186. nr HI S kind of owl feems, like the Hawk Owl*, afpecies approaching not a little to the Falcon genus, it is however clearly an owl, and mud be ranked as fuch : the plumage on the upper part of the body a pale grey brown, inclining to rufous on the crown of the head and back of the neck, and on the wing coverts are a few fpots of white ; the greater quills are like the reft of the wing, with whitifh tips, and reach when clofcd about half way on the tail ; which is cuneiform in Ihapie, and grey brown ; all but the two middle feathers are marked on the outer web with tranfverfe white lines, ten or twelve in number : the inner and all the under fide of it intirely white, like other owls : the fides of the face and the eyes in part furrounded with a ruff of hairy feathers, covering the noftrils ; thefe are white, as are alfo all the under parts of the body from the chin, moft delicately pure : the thigh feathers hang over the legs quite to the toes, and the legs themfelves covered with ftiort briftly feathers : the bill is fmall, and legs arc black j irides yellow : the toes placed two and two, or three and one, at the will of the bird. • £divards, V, ii. pi. 62. FALCONINE O. DESCRrPTIOW. Inhabits iz ,^..^. 4 ' w • Place. lO. VARIEGATED O. Description. Flagi. OWL, Inhabits various parts of J/rica, where the people in the country of the HottniquaSi call it Nagt-valk (Night Falcon) ; it does not appear till twilight, and from this circumftance, and its flying rapidly, not eafily (hot. Mr. Levaillant caught two of them by chance in a net, for he had in vain before attempted to ITioot them : the female is rather finaller, and the white of the under parts lefs pure. Le Choucouhou, Levaill. Oi/i i. p. 157. p. 39. Chouette Choucouhou, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 187. np H I S is the fize of the Long-eared Owl, but is lefs bulky, and ftands higher on its legs : the circles of the face round the eyes are white, with duflcy markings : chin white i but the plumage in general is brown in various Ihades, with a mixture of white, and on the under parts of the body irregularly barred brown and white : the legs are covered with downy grey feathers : the tail banded dufky brown and rufous white, cuneiform in (hape ; and the wings when clofed reach two-thirds thereon : the bill is black : irides yellow. Inhabits Africa, met with in the neighbourhood of the Orange river, and Grand Namaquas: fuppofed to prey of evenings j for although it has been feen in the day, it has been only when the fmall birds have furrounded it as an objeft not ufually met with. The female is ibmewhat larger than die male, but differs very little in the plumage, except that (he has lefs white about her, and the irides of a paler yellow. II. I FASCIATED Dbscription. Le Huhul, Levaitl. Qif. i. p« 167. pi. 41. Chouette Huhul, Daudlm, Orn. ii. p. 100. Chouette de Cayenne, Mauduit Eneje- Metb. ^HIS is about the fize of our Brown Owl: the bill and legs yellow : the general colour of the plumage of the head, neck, and body is dulky, croHed with white bars, which are broadeft on the ^u OWL. the under parts ; but the head is only dotted with white : the wings arc brown, crofled on the coverts with fine lines of white : quills plaioj reaching when clofed to the middle of the taih the tail itfelf is cuneiform and long, each feather crofled with three narrow white bands, which do not exadtly con efpond on each fide the fhaft : legs feathered to the toes with dufky and white feathers. Inhabits Cayenne^ and appears to be a new fpecies j by a label ap- plied to the leg of the fpecimen, it was called Chouette de Jour, hence it Ihould appear to be a bird that takes its prey in the day> which fome of the Owl tribe are known to do. «3 Placi. 'i I La Chouette ^ aigrettes blanches, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 170. pi. \y-^Dauiin, Orxr. ii. p. 207. C I Z £ of the Long-eared Owl : the bill yellow : the upper parts of the head and body, wings and tail, rufous brown> with a few fpots of white on the two laft : the under parts fi-om the chin dirty white, tmged more or Jefs with rufous, with a few dufky fpecks, and the feathers of the knees covering the fhin almoll to the tOes i the Ihins rhcmfelves clothed with fine hairs r above the eye pafTes an arch>. confiflingof aferiesofloofe white feathers, over the ears on each fide of the neck ; thefe are longer than the reft, but not capable of being erefted as in the great and other eartd Owls : the tail is fomewhat cu- neiform, and the wings when clofed reach to about the middle of it. This fpecies inhabits Guianat but is not very common in our cabinets ; one fpecimen, however, filled a place in the coUedion of our late friend and correfpondent M, C. G. D'orcy, and M. LevaiUant mentions two others, one in the colleiUon of iW. Mauduit, and another in his own. 12. SUPERCILIOUS o. Deicriptiok. PlACl. i iiPij II (loll IH Rt '1- )ii!: '( ;■ ^ 'i ) X «' 1 ■ !■ » l-i - : \ ' 'i % 64 GEORGIAN o. DE:>CRi VTION. Placi. 14. BOOBOOK O. BiscRiPTiotr. Placi. OWL. QIZE of the Barn Owl: length fixteen inches and a half: bill yellow : the plumage on the upper parts of the bird is brown, banded with yellowifh : throat and bread pale brown, croffed with whitilh bands : belly yellowifh white, marked with longifli red brown llreaks: thighs and legs woolly, whitifh or very pale in colour, varied with fmall blackifh fpots : quill and tail feathers brown, eroded with four or five white bands. I met with this fpecimcn in the colledlion of Mr. Humphries , faid to have come from feveral miles within South Georgia^ in America. o I Z E of the Brown Owl, and at firft fight fomewhat refembles it, efpecially on the upper parts j but marked with yellow ftreaks on the head, and with fpots of the fame on the back: the chin arid throat are yellow, ftreaked and fpotted with rufous : belly ferruginous, with pale irregular fpots and markings : thighs and legs covered with yellow downy fearhers, marked with black: toes of a brownith red: the bill is fmall and dufky. This inhabits New Holland, where it is known by the name of Boobook» r^H '5* SPECTACLE O. Var. a. DllCRlPTION. Str. perfpicillatai Ind, Orn. i. p. 58. 24? La Chouette a collier, Lcuaill. Oif. i. p. 169. pi. ^i.'^'Daud. Orn. ii. p. 193. Speftade Owl, Var. Gen. Sjn. Sup. p. 5. pi. 107. 'T'HE whole head in this bird is deep rufous, with a white throat, which colour paflcs between the eyes, and over them as an eyebrow j whereas in that figured in the Gen. Synopjis, Sup. pi. 107, the whole head is white^ with a large rufous patch, in the middle of which half: bill is brown, Dffed with •ed brown >ur, varied jffed with ihries, faid nerica. embles it, )W ftreaks chin and rruginous, rered with niih red: I name of >';j ■^m OWL. which the eyes arc placed : the band acrofs the bread is the fame in both, and in icfpeft to the reft of the colours, they agree fufficiently, as to fuppofe them mere varieties, if not fexual differences of the faoie bird. Mr. Levaillani's fpecimen was killed at Surinam, It appears to be a variety of the Spe£facle Owl, and the following no doubt a variety alfo of the fame bird. Str. perfpicillata, Ituf. Ortt. i. p. 58. 13. Yar. B. La Chouette i mafque noir, Levaill. Olf, i. p. 172. pi. 44.— DjWi«. Or*, ii. p. 19Z. TP H I S feems to be our SpeSfacle Owl for a certainty, differing from the fpecimen in the Lev, Mu/eum^ merely in wanting the rufous bar acrofs the bread ; but the large dark patch, in which the eyes arc placed, feems abfolutely black, whereas in our fpecimen it was merely dark red brown; added to this, that the whole of the under parts from tht chin are n^rly whit^, havihg below the bar, the belly inclined to yellow ; we may therefore fufpcft that the two were of different fexes, of of different periods of age. This is faid to have come from Cayerifu, from whence We are certain the Levtrian one was brought j *s to thtf Collared Owl we cannot cfteem it otherwife than a fiirther variety of our SpeSlack Owl, arifing from age or fex. Chouette nudipede, Daudin. Orn, ii. p. 199. »Jp H I S is fevcn inches in length : the plumage is fulvous brown on the upper parts, with a white fpot on each fide of the neck, and other fpots of white on the wiftg coverts : the under parts of the body are white, with a longitudinal lyre-fhaped browh fpot on each leather : legs long, naked, and bj^oWn j cWt black. SwPf.U. K The 65 Vau.?. Description. FtACt. 16. BARE-LEGGED O. Deicript'ion. I « : '!('1 • ; i^ • ■ ? '/i""][ 66 Place, »7- BOOrED O. Discription: ' lACB. 1 8. TENGMALM'S O. Desckiptiok* 1 8. Var.A. DWARF O. DfiSCRiPTlON. OWL. The young birds arc rufous, the belly more white, as the fpots at that age are ieis confpicuous. This inhabits Porio Rico in America^ alfo at Cayenne* Chouette Phalenoide, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 206. 'T' HIS fpecies meafures fix inches in length : the bill is black : the general colour of the upper parts of the plumage is fulvous ; the under wing coverts marked with fix white fpots : the cheeks are white : the under parts of the body varied with rufous and white : the wings reach to the end of the tail, which is (hart : the (bins arc covered with feathers, as well as the toes, and are of a rufous colour i claws blackifh. Inha bits the ifland ofTrinidadf in America, Strix Tengmalmi, Ind. Orn. i. p. 64. 4a.— >^ % / ) ii- ':i ? SHRIKE. prey, though fmall, its food infcdls, fuch as beetles and grafs- hoppcrs, which it not only caught with great dexterity, but likewife when it could not confume them all, it would flick them on the pales of farm yards, till it had occafiun for them. It alfo caught fparrows and canary birds, but did not devour more of them than the brains." Mr. LevaWaat afccrtains likewife this lafl: fad, and gives a figure of the young as well as the adult bird. He adds alfo, that it is found in Senegal, and in all the interior parts oi Jfrica, and that it is not a variety of our Great Sbrikef differing in the quills, of which this lafl has fifteen marked with white, in the Collared Shrike only ieven ; alfo in the Great Shrike, the tail feathers are twice as broad as in the Fi/ca/, 69 PfcACC. Lanius Collurio, rnJ. Orn. i. p. 6g. \ij—Spal(nvJk. Vog. %, tab, 5. Pie-griefchfrrouflTej Darnega»> Hiji. Prov. it* p. 335. L'Bcorchaur male, tt it jeunc age*. LmvailL Oi/. ii. p. 50. pi. 69. Red-backod Skrike, GtM.Sjn. i. p. 1.67. 25.— /^ (f Qoffd Hepti and other parts. 2. RED-BACK£]> Shr. PtAcr, .•• 9nmiHit Trav. iii. p. 2x9. I' k 70 SHRIKE. 3- MAGPIE Shr. Placi. Lanius p'lcatus, /«./. Orm, i. p. 73. 20. La Pic Piegriefchc, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 33. pi. do.—'Uaud, Om, ii. p. 246. Lanius Leverianus, Leverian Shrike, Lev Mm/.t. 59. Magpie Shrike, Lath. Syn. i. p. 192. 49.— A/. Sup. p. 54. 1 F the ^native place of this bird had not been already afcertained to be South ^mericat we might have brought the authority of Mr. Levaillant to confirm it, who as well as Sir AJhtm Uver received a fpecimen from Cayenne. i «. ;■■:"* l,".t.;')* mm WOODCHAT. Placi. Lanius rutilus, Intl. Orn. t, p. 70. 12. La Pie-griefche roufle, Ltvaill. Oif. ii. p. 46. pi. 63. Woodchat, Lath. Syn. i. p. 169. 17. 1 N England, this bird is certainly very uncommon ; moft authors fuppofe it to be a different ipecies from the Red-backed Shrike, whilft others eftccm it as only a var''*ty. I have only feen one bad fpecimen, which is in the Lruertu . Mufeum, but Mr. Levaillant obferves, that it is met with in Senegal, and not uncommon at the Cape of Good Hope, efpecially the interior parts of it, and that fueh birds as are brought from thence do not elTcntially differ from the EurO' pean one. r :, ,f ■ HOOK-BILLED Shr. Var. A. DiSCRtFTION. Lanias curviroftris. In J. Orn. i. p. 7s. 15. Hook-bUled Shrike, Lath. Syn. i. p. 171. 19. Vai*. '' ^ H I S fpecies extends farther than generally imagined, as it has been found in New Holland-, it differs in having the whole top of the head black, below the eye on each fide i but the bafe of the bill on the forehead is white. |y ■:• SHRIKE. 7» i. p. 246. rtained to ty of Mr. eccivcd a ft authors ^H ed Shrike, ^1 (1 one bad ^1 Levaillant ^1 I the Cape ^1 jch birds |H the EurO' • ^'^ ..- r^i |'i|:|M as it has i^B hole top jH e of the BB ^^3 'V ^ ' i-^K' ;^S fl Lanius jocofus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 73. 22. Chinefe Nuthatch, Cm. 5y». ii. p. 655. Var. Fighting Shrike or Bulbul, Penn. Vietu of HinJcfian , 2. p. iSL-^Oritat. CelkH. for Jan. — Jun. i-j^y, plate in ditto. Boibol, Lt Brun, Trav. (Engl, ed.) t. 95. f. I. ' nf* H E Chinefe Nuthatch feems to be the fame bird as this, as both have a fimilar name ; called in Mr. Pigou's drawings, Cow Kee ^larii or High- hair Hat, the people comparing it to a Chinefe woman's head drefs or hat, which is compofed of horfe hair added to their own. Pennant obferves, that it has probably a mod harfh note, notwith- ftanding which it has gained the name of Bulbul^ or Nightingale, This is called Fighting Bulbul^ being trained to combat for the amufe- ment of the natives. The Fighting Bulbul, is faid to be enamoured of the rofe. Captain Dixon had two of thefe, male and female, bought at Canton, which ■were alive off the Cape of Good Hope, but perifhed by neglect in hard •weather. They would eat rice, but were fondeft of Cock Roaches, which they were principally fed with. I faw one of them in the Britijh Mufeum, full nine inches long : four or five briftles at the bafe of the bill -, bill and legs brown : the colour of the plumage brown above, beneath very pale j a pointed long creft on the head : rump white : vent and under tail coverts crimfon: tail long, all the feathers tipped with white. This came from Guzurat, in India, With the laft, I alfo faw another of only feven inches in length : head black at top, and creded : plumage above of a darker brown than the laft, all beneath white : under the eye, the vent, and under tail coverts crimfon : rump as the back -, tail feathers Ihorter than the laft, and not tipped with white ; the bill was alio fmaller, with a flight notch at the tip. 6. JOCOSE Shr. Pl ACS. DitCRIPTlON* 72 SENEGAL Shr. DllCH^TlOM. PlACE* I "611' SHRIKE. Lanliii Senegalus, Ind, Ora. i. p. 74. 24. Le Tchagra, LevaiU. Oif, ii. p. 81. pi. 70. f. I. I. Senegal Shrike, Ctn. Syn. i. p. 162. 6. 'T' H E defcription given in the Gen. Syno^St accords intirely with the bird in queftion: tht female is rather fmaller than the malty and the top of the head is not black, in other things it agrees with the maUt except in the colours being lefs brilliant} whilft young both fexes are cinereous brown, but paler than in adult age, and the white inclines to rufous. This is found at the Cafe of Good Hope^ about the river Gamtoot, and from thence to Cajffraria, alfo at Senegal, for it feems to be the fame with that called by Bufort, in the Planches Enluminees, Pie griejche ^ tite noire du Senegal *, it is faid to make the neft among the buihesj and to lay as far as five eggs fpotted with brown. mAM 8. BARBARY Shr. DiicaiPTio N. ?tACl. Lanitts barbarus» Iitd. Om, i. p. 79. 49. Le Gonolek, Ltvaill. Oif. ii. p. 78. pi. 6^, Barbary Shrike* Gen. Sjn. i. p. 173. 23. 'I^FIE female is rather fmaller than the malf; the croWn of the head only is yellow, with a tinge of green, and the red on the' belly lefs brilliant. In one prefented to the Briti^ Mu/eum, by Mr. Scbotte, the whole plumage is black, except the crown and thighs, which are yellow ; but the belly red : this appears te me to be a young male. Mr. LevaiUant met with the Gonolek at the Cape of Good Hope, in the country of the Great Nama^a, but it does not appear to be very common. The indiriduals fccn by him, did not appear to have any N» i79' particular ■ W'- SHRIKE. particular note, nor could the food be exaAly determined, but in three which he opened were found the remains of infefts. Lanius Tyrinnus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 8i. $$."^Bartram'j Trav. p. aS;. Tyrant Shrike, Gtn. Sjh. i. p. 184. 37. T N a letter from Mr. uibbott of Georgia, he obferves the following circumftance : '* A tyrant Shrike having built its neft on the " outfide of a large lofty pine, 1 was one day confidering how I " fhould procure the eggs, when viewing the neft, I perceived a " Crow alight on the branch, break and fuck the eggs, and difplace " the neft, appearing all the while unconcerned, notwithftanding " both the cock and hen continued flying at, and ftriking it with " their bills all the while, but as foon as the crow had completed " the robbery it departed. The eggs are flefh coloured, prettily <' (potted at the larger end with dark pink, and a few black fpots." CIZE uncertain: bill large and blueidi: lore ferruginous: head, hind part of the neck, and fides beneath the eye brown j back and wings the fame : under parts of the body not unlike the upper, but clouded with white : tail longiHi : legs dufky. Inhabits New Holland, J^ENGTH eight inches: bill and legs yellow; general colour of the plumage duflcy a(h : the tail is cuneiform, the two middle feathers three inches and a half long, and the (horteft or outmoft two inches i but what moft beautifully diftinguifhes this bird from others is, that all the feathers of the rump, and fome'of the upper tail coverts, have a dalh of fine crimfon at die ends, for one third of Supp. II. L . tn 7J TYRANT Shr. 10. CLOUDED Shr. Dbsckiftiok. Placs. II. DUBIOUS Shr. Desckiptiom. 74 12. ROBUST Shr. DlSCRIPTIOM. PbACI. »3' ERECT Shr. DEICRirTMN. PlACI. SHRIKE. an inch in length., in appearance like the fingular feathers iq the wing of the Waxen Chat^ every bat on a near infpcftion, are not of an horny texture as in that bird, for the webs are perfedliy divi- fible. I met with this bird at Mr. ThompforC^, in Little Saint MarttrCs Lanet London i but without any hiftory of its manners or country annexed. *T*HIS is a large fpecies, being full twenty-one inchf^s in length the bill is Arong and black : legs lead colour : the plumage in general that of the Cinereous Shrike \ but the head and the whole of the neck as far as the bread are black : the under parts of the body the fame as the upper, but very pale, nearly approaching to white : quills black : the tail in colour like the body, croflcd near the end with a broad bar of black, but the very end of it is nearly white. Inhabits New Uollandt and from its fize feems to approach greatly to the Falcon genus. 'T^HE fi2e of this bird is by no means determined, as it has com« under our infpedtion no otherwife than by means of a drawing: both mandibles feem curved towards each other, of a moderate fiae, and yellow, but no perceivable notch in either : the head and hind part of the neck are black : the crown very full of feathers, which when carried ereft, appears highly crefted : the plumage of the body is pale green above, and white for the mod part beneath; but the breaft and belly incline to yellow : the tail rather long, and dufky, and fome of the outer feathers very pale : quilk dulky. Inhabits New Holland, 1 1 Pl.CXXll, H ^:i (9"" I M^hJ a* tfit .let Hi're^if Afof, ,v<' iSPl. b^v l'V>' 'M\tt>utc .tni.Yerk ''nm '"•••■ml Ciitl'ii . SHRIKE. JJ E A D and neck black, the firft creflcd ; from the noftrils to the back of the head a white (Ireak, broadeft behind -, fides of the jaw the fame as far as it is black : body fine olive green above, beneath fine yellow : quills brown ; tail the fame, with the feathers Hiore or lefs tipped with white: bill black, and very ftrong.as in many of the Grojheak genus : legs brown. Inhabits New HoUandt and is in the collcdion of general Davies, . C 1 Z E of the great Cinereous Shrike: Wll rather ftrong and black : head crefted : the whole of the head below the eyes very full of feathers, and appears crefted j colour black : the upper parts of the body and tail rufty brown, but with fomc refle(5tions of green on the laft: chin white : breaft and belly yellow : quills du(ky ; tail rather cuneiforni: legs black. Inhabits New Holland^ where it is called Ifeebong ; but ii: is not a common bird ; is a bold and fierce ^ccies, as it drives all the fmaller birds from its neighbourhood. 75 FRO^l^TAL Shr. Description. Place.' YELLOW- BELLIED Shr. DBicmrTiOK. Placb. Lanius rubiginofus, der roftfarbeneB Wur^er, Allg, Uth. d. Fog, i. 1. Zu/aft. S. 696. Lanius ferrugineusj AS. di la Soc. d'Hifi. Nat. dt Parist vol. i. p. i. p. 91 1. 16. RUSTV Shr. 'jp H E whole of the tipper parts of this fpecies is full rufl colour; DEscRimoN. the under parts of the body pale yellowifh red : quills blackifti within : the forelicad a trifle crefted. and ruftocoloured : hind head and cheeks fpocted. InUabics Cajenm, PiA«i. L 3 1^ >t*l i!'^ H- m 76 «7. AFRICAN Shr. DiSeRlPTION. Flacb. SHRIKE, T ENGTTT five inches: bill black; crown the fame ; forehead white, pafilng in a line beneath the eye on each fide, to the hind- head j hind part of the neck, and from thence to the rump, black, more or lefs fpotted or mixed with white •» but the feathers of the back in general have the ends white, margined with black : wings black } on the middle of the coverts a large triangular rufous white patch J fomc of the middle fecondary quills are outwardly marked with the fame, making, when the wings are opened, a longitudinal patch : under parts of the body white, ftreaked with ferruginous on the fides, breaft, and belly : tail black ; two or more of the outer feathers white at the ends, and the outermoft of all white on the middle of the outer margin : legs brown. Inhabits Africa : communicated by Mr. pyaUot* \ in m p. ' 18. MUSTACHaE Shr. Description. La Ple-griefche rouge ^ plaAron blanc, Levail. Olf. ii. p. 55. pi. 6$. TT H I S is nearly the fizc of a Blackbird : the length about ten and an half or eleven inches, of which the tail; which is long and cuneiform, occupies full half: the bill and legs are dufky : the head, hind part of the neck, back, fcapulars, and wings in general brown black : the throat and under parts of the body are of a fine red, growing y el - lowifh or much paler on the vent, not unlike in colour thofe parts in. the Barbary Shrike, which it alfo approaches in the fize and Ihapc of the bill i acrofs the breaft is a broad bar of white, as alfo a kind of ftreak or whifker of white on each under jaw, from the gape of the bill : the taH is greatly cuneiform in fliapc, the longefl: or middle feather being five inches long, and the outer one an inch and three- quarters, the intermediate ones leflfening in equal proportions -, the whole of the tail is compofcd often feathers* of a lively red plain co- 4 lour> i^ SHRIKE. lour, paler on the under parts j two of the middle quills have the outer webs red, forming a (Ireak on the wing j and the wings when clofed reach a very little way beyond the bafc of it. This U faid to have been brought from one of the ides of the Souib Seas. In fome fpecimens, the ftreak on the wing is white in- llcad of red, perhaps owing to difference of fex. 77 pLAce. Le Pendeur, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. ;8. pi. 66. I. C I Z £ of the Woodchat : length nearly fcven inches : the crown, nape, hind neck, back, and rump, are fine blue grey ; fides of the head, taking in the eye, the throat, and before as far as the breaft, black ; from the gape, palfing over the eye, is an arch of white bound- ing the black, as far as the middle of the neck -, from the fame fprings another, pafling down on each jaw to meet the firft, and including a black fpace between them : the wings are black : the belly, thighs, and vent are white : the four middle tail feathers are of equal length, and black throughout ; the others unequal in length, the outer one being very (hort, thefe are partly white partly black, and the wings reach fcarcely beyond the bafe of it : bill and legs black. This is faid to come from Indiaj and to feed on infedls, (licking thofe it has not immediate occafion for on a thorn, in the manner of our European fpecies : by the colours, one may juftly fuppofc it to be a male bird. jg. CRUEL Shr. Description, Place. Le Roufleau, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 60. pi. de. f. z. SUPERCILIOUS ^p H I S is about the fize of the fFoodchat, and at firft fight might DescrI'I't.o... hz miftaken for the female of that bird ♦ : the top of the head and neck, back, rump, and wing coverts are rufous : from the forc- • SecPhEnl. 31. f. 1. head 7« fLACI. SHRIKE. head over the eye, pafles a white band, and through the eye, from the corners of the mouth, a black one ; tlie under parts are all rufous white : the quills arc black, edged outwardly with rufous : the tail is cuneiform, rather more fo than in the fVoodchat ; the two middle featffers of it are wholly, the others on the outer web rufous : the bill and legs are duflty. Inhabits Javay in the neighbourhood of Bntaviat and is in the col- le(5lion of Af. LrvaiUant. 21. CAPE Shr. DUCRIJ'TIOM. Place. iir Le Brubru, Le-vaill. Oi/. ii. p. 85. pi. 71. f. it z. 'T* H I S fpecies is about five inches and a half in length : the bill is black i irides brown ; the top of the head, and hind part of the neck are black ; the reft of the upper parts the fame, with a mixture of white : from the forehead, a white line pafles over the eye towards the hind head : the under parts are white, but the fides under the wings ferruginous j on the wings is a patch of white : the four middle tail feathers are black, the others more or lefs tipped widi white, and the outer one wholly fo on the outer margin. The female is not unlike the male, but thofe parts which in that fex are white, in her are more or left inclined to ferruginous, and the black of a brownifli hue. It inhabits various places of the interior of the Cape cf Good Hope, cfpccially the great river j often in flocks, except in the feafon of incubation, at which time it is feen only in pairs ; makes the neft on the Mimoja trees, compofed outwardly of mofs and fine roots, within with wool and feathers; lays five whttifli eggs, fpotted with brown. % U v,\' SHRIKE. ff Le Cuhla, Ltvaill. 01/, ii. p. 89. pi. 72. f. I. a. HP HIS is full fix inches in length : the general colour of the plu- mage black, except the under parts from the chin to the vent, the rump, and an oblique bar on the wing coverts, all of which are white : the tail is a trifle rounded in (hape, black, and all the feathers tipped with white : the bill and legs are dulky : irides yellow J the female is fmaller than the maltt though much the fame in colour, but on the whole is inclined to brownifli or duflcy. Thefe birds are found in fmall flocks in the forefts of Hottniqua Land, and from thence along the eaftern coafl: ofyifrica, where they feed on infedls, and the pupas of them, which they fearch for in the cre- vices of the barks of trees. They feparate into pairs during the time of incubation, build in thorny bufhcs, making the neft of mofs and fmall roots, and lay five or fix eggs. The note exprefles the two fyllables cba, chd-j for the mod part is a very (hy fpecies. 22. HOTTNIQUA Shr. DltCtllPTlON. Flack m m ! : i( "'lltlJ ■IP I .If te PARROT. G E N u s V. PARROT. HYACINTHINE MACCAW. DllCRIPTlON. 4- 5- • With uneven Tails. N' I. Hyacinthine Maccaw, a. Tabuan Parrot. Var. A. Var. B. 3. PennantianP. Var. A. Jonquil P. Carolina P. 6. Pale P. 7. JaguilmaP. 8. Nonpareil P. 9. Alexandrine P. 10. Ground P. 11. Pacific P. Var. D. 1 2. Crimfon-fronted P. 13. Small P. 14. Turcofine P. 15. Red-fliouldered P. N* 16. Orange-winged P. 17. Black-necked P. •* With 'I ails even at THE END. 18. Bankfian Cockatoo. Var. A. Var. B. Var. C. 19. Crefted Cockatoo. ' 20. Varied P. 21. Sparrow P. 22. Chili P. 23. Gerini's P. 24. Pileated P. 25. Thecau P. 26. Vernal P. 27. Purple-tailed P. 28. Levaillant's P. • With unbvbm Taili. Pfitt. Hyacinthinus. InJ. Orn. t. p. 84. Hyacinthine Maccaw, Ltvtr. Mi^f. p. 99. pi. in do. 'THIS rare fpecies is the fize of the Blue Maccaiv, length two feet four inches : the bill is very large and black ; the head blue : the body very deep blue^ inclining to violet : the quills and tail are violet blue, P A R R O t. blue, yrith a tinge of green on the margins : the legs duflcy afh colour : the orbits and chin are both deftitute of feathers, and of a yellow colour : the tail (haped as in the Blue Maccaw^ but not much more than half the length. This is in the colledtion of Mr. Parkinforiy to whom it was given after death by lord Orford\ it is by no means afcertained from whence it came, but as all the other Maccavos are oi Amerkan origin, it may not unreafonably be prefumed that the fame country gave birth to this fpecies. ft Placr. Pfitt Taboenfis, Ini. Ont. i. p. 88. 19. Pfitc atropurpureust Pompadour Parrot, Lev. Muf, pi. in p. 1 42* Tabuan Parrot, Otn, Sjm. L p. 214. 16. t. 7. TABUAN P. Plack. 'T'HE one defcribed in the General Synopfts is a ma/e: the ftmaie Ducriftion. is moftly green : the head, neck, and under parts are olive brown : belly red ; rump blue : the upper furface of the tail is green, the under duflcy. In Cook*s lad voyage, Parrots are faid to have been feen at Tongo ^nboot fomewhat fmaller than the common grey ones : thefe are of an indifferent green on the back and wings : tail blueifh : the reft of a footy or chocolate brown ; furely Captain Cook muft have icen very indifferent fpecimens, as the green is particularly vivid, and the purple, though deep, is by no means footy. ■■■vil Pf. Tabuenfis, InJ. Orn. i. p. 88. 19. J?. Tabuan Parrot. />it/7/. Fty. t. p. 253. TpHIS is twenty-four inches in length: bill brown; the upper mandible tinged with red : head, neck, and all the under parts bright fcarlet : back and wings fine green : on the lower part of the neck behind, between that and the back, a crcfcent of blue : tail long Supp. II. M and Var. A. DiSCRIVTION. H I If IK Place. 3. Var.B. Place. PARROT. and ^unciform, moft of its fcaLhersofadeep blue: legs afh coloured:, on the upper part of the wings a narrow line of a fine faxon green colour. I mr ..r . . \. , l.'\\Q female is generally green, but the fore part of the neck inclines to olive brown : the belly alone is criinfon, and the rump blueifh : tail green above, beneath dufky. This inhabits New Holland, and is a remarkable, variety, if indeed it be one j it differs firftiy, in having thofe parts, which in the former^ are deep purple, of a mod beautiful crimfon j it has in common with! the other, the blue crcTcent behind the neck, and the blue rump ; but differs materially in having a vivid oblique pale blue-green band near the bend of the wing; both the wings and quills are wholly green, without any mixture of blue on the edges; and in the female tht tail is alfo green, but the crefcent at the back of the neck is wanting. \^.'il,V nwnic Tabuan Parrot, White' tjourn. t. p. i68. 169? T N New Holland is obferved a Parrot very fimilar, which we may poiTibly ftrain a point 4n ranking as a variety, as all the drawings which I have feien convey the idea of an even ended tail ; in fevcral," the pale vivid flreak on the wings is not confpicuous: the rump- blue, but the blue at the bafe of the neck behind is wanting. One faid to be a female y was green, with a pale blue rump j be- neath from the breaft crimfon j but between the bread and belly, only patched with crimfon: no crefcent at the back of the neck : wings and tail wholly greea: the native name of this bird faid to be Wellat, It feems to me not improbable that fome of the above defcribcd, may hereafter prove birds in incomplete plumage. XJt -» > » . * J.; '' ^ C,»!| m 'K iv" IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I l^|28 |2.5 no i|2.0 1.8 1-25 1.4 1 1.6 - -• 6" ► Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN S1*%''1 WIBSTCR.M.V M' 3- PENNANTIAN P. PARROT. ■: ■ JPfitt. Pennantii, /W. 0/«. I. p. 90. 26. . . Pfitt. elegans, — — p. 89. 23? Pfitt. gloriofus. Splendid Parrot, Aa/. A///r. pi. 53. iplendidus. Splendid Parrot, Lc'v. Muf. pi. p. 27. : Beautiful Lory, Gen. Syn. i. p. 217. 28 ? * Pennantian Parrot, Gen. Syn. Sup. p. bi,—f'f 'kite's 'Journ, p], in p. 174. 17;. male and female, , ■ .« .*..!f 'T'HE male has been already defcribed in the Supplement to my Description SynopfiSy and I am almoft certain that the Beautiful Lory does not materially if at all differ therefrom. The female has the upper parts of the neck and body greenifli : top of the head red, and a patch of the fame under each eye : chin and throat blue: lower part of the neck and bread red, as alfo the rump and vent : middle of the belly duflcy green : tail dark blue, fringed with chefnut: fhbulders blue; the reft of the wing the fame, but darker. In fome drawings which I faw from New Holland h one of thefe, differing only in not having the blue on the chm and throat. 8i^ A^ :f; f!-.f Pennantian Parrot, Phill. Bot. Bay, t. p. 154. Var. a. 'T'HIS is of the fame fize, and fixteen inches in length: bill horn Description, colour ; head, neck, the under parts and rump crimfon : back feathers black, margined deeply with red : inner wing coverts black, the outer pale blue, making an oblique band on^ the wing : quills ' and tail duflcy, edged with blue; the. three outer feathers of the laft . from the middle to the tip hoary blue : legs grey. • ' T ENGTH ten inches and a half: general colour o/'the plumage fine jonquil yellow, paler beneath: crown of the hea4 and. cheeks crimfon ; a largifh fpot of the fame at the bend of the wing next the M 2 fhoulder: joNoyrL PARAKEET. Descrii»tion. 'J' I. 1 ^ AW I :".' 1: fj? «* Placi.^ PARROT. Ihoulder ; the tail is half as long again as the bird itfelfj and great!/ cuneiform j the two middle feathers pale bufF colour, the others more or lefs yellow, moll fo neareft the bafe : the quills arc pale yellow, •with the inner webs very pale : round the neck, juft beneath the crimfon, is a collar of white, or very pale, changing to greenifh at the hind head : the bill and legs are flefli colour. This was alive in the pofleflion of Mifs Hunter, of Greenwkb; called 1'ot9 Parakeet, faid to come from the Ramgbur Hills, in the pro- vince of Babar, in the kingdom of Bengal. I am indebted to General; Vavies for the above* ■.(S » ' Carolina p. • f< . i i 6. PALE PARAKEET. PSSCRIBTIOK. Pt.AC>v Pfitt. CaroHneniis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 93. 33. Parrot of Carolina, Bartram. Trav. p. z%6.~mGtm. &jn. u pv 227. 29.— / Nat. Mifi. pt. gy'^Nrw Htlhmd Birds, pi. a-. CiZE of the Pennantian Parrot: bill dufky horn colour: head, fides, and fore part of the neck and bread crimfon : vent and under tail coverts crimfon : the lower part of the breaft mixed crim- fon and yellow j belly yellow, changing to yellowifli green towards the vent : the chin, and all the feathers furrounding the lower manr dible, white : the middle of the nape behind black and dull green> with a few fmall fpots ; hind part of the neck and back, as far as the middle, green, each feather marked with a large fpot of black, or ra- ther the feathers are black, with green margins : lower half of the back NONPAREIL P. Descriftion. il V '■ * " I'. . Fir' 86 Place. PARROT. back and rump pale green : flioulders black : lefler wing coverts pale blue j beneath deep blue : greater quills duflcy, with the outer margins deep blue : the fecondaries edged with pale green, like the feathers of the back; all the greater quil's except the outer one, and fix or {even of the inner fecondaries marked with a tranfverfe pale yellow fpot about the middle, on the inner web: tail blue; the two middle feathers of one colour, the others have the ends pale and nearly white. * Inhabits Neiv Holland, where it is a common fpecles. ALEXANDRINE P. Description. Place. Pfitt. Alexandri, Ind. Oni. i. p. 97. ^6.—SpaloivJl: Fog. 3. tab. 8. Dourra, Sonnini^ Trav. {Evgl. ed.) v. 3. p. 83. Alexandrine Parrot, Gm, Syn. i. p. 234. 37. T N Spalowjki's figure, the ring round the throat is very broad, with no red on the wings or breaft. Sonnhii affitms that this fpecies is brought in numbers from Nubia to CairOf and that its Arabian name is Dourra, ■:i'i, 10. GROUND PARROT. Descriptiom. Pi'ittacus 'formofus, Itid. Orn, i. p. 103. 60. Ground Pairot, Lev. Muf. p. 2*9. t. ^y—'Nat. Mi/c. vol. 7. pi. 228.— Zool. of N, Holland, p. 9. pi. 3. Black-fpotted Parakeet of Van Diemen's Land, D^EntrecaJleux^s Voy, ii. p. 47, pi. X. i N fii.e this is rather fmaller than the Pennantian Parrot : the bill and legs are black : the general colour of the plumage green on the upper parts, each feather banded with black and yellow : the crown and nape are marked with numerous longitudinal black ftreaks : the forehead fine orange colour, nearly fcarlet ; all beneath the body the plumage is yellow, crofled with numerous waved blackifh bands : the under part of the wing cinereous grey, with a pale broad PARROT. broad yeltew ftrif^i* : the two middle tail feathers are green, marked with feveral oblique bars of black ; the others yellow, barred in the fame manner i and all the feathers towards the ends growing [nler, and without bars : the tail is very cuneiform in iTiape. This is a moft elegant and beautiful fpecies, inhabiting New South Wales, and other parts of JVezv Holland, where it is known by the name of GoolingMang : it is found in tolerable plenty ; but rarely if ever feen except on the ground, and particularly- in moift places : the legs and toes are more (lender than ufual in this genus, and the claws more ftraight. It is not; known to perch on trees like other parrots, but conftantly feen to rife from among the grafs, and to alight therein again almoft immediately. • '• ' ' Pfitt. pacificus, /W.O^-w. i. p. 104. 65. Var. t. . Pacific Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 252. 56. Var. T N this the bill and legs are black : the fore part of the head crimfon ; under each eye a large patch of the fame, and another on each fide of the rump ; but the gencrai colour is deep green, the under parts paler : the five firft quills are duflcy, and both wings and tail duflcy beneath. This inhabits New Zealand. Pfitt. auftralis, Ind.Orn.'x.ip. 104.66. - Crimfon-fronted Parakeet, Nat. Mi/c. vol. 3. t. 87. ♦Y*HIS is the fize of the Pacific Parrot; length nine inches: the bill is brown, with a red tip : general colour of the plumage deep brown : forehead as far as the crown, and the bafe of the bill all round, fine crimfon j from the eye on each fide defcends a large patch of the fame : the hind parts of the crown and the back part of the neck' half rt7 Flaqe. II. PACIFIC PARROT. Var.D. Description. Placi. 12. CRIMSON- FRONTED P. Description. % m V t. - i.-il .'il ^ n i f I ' PARROT, '' half way fine blue, with here and there a yellow ftreak^ Ihoulders of the wings yellow : legs dufky. Place, This inhabits New South JValeSj and has great affinity to the Pacific Parrot, In the Naturalijls Mifcellai^, the forehead only is crimfon, and a ftreak of the fame below the eye ; the fhoulder s are not yellow. A bird which appears to be a variety, is annong the drawings of A, B, Lambert J Efquire, which came difo from New Holland. In this the crimfon patch below each eye is much larger, with the addi- tion of a yellow ring round the neck, at the bottom of the blue nape. In another coUedion I have feen one which differs further in having the lower part of the neck behind reddilh inftead of yellow : the fhoulders acrofs the wings tinged and mixed with red, and the fj^cs of the breaft reddifh j the whole of the nape is olive brown : the tail feathers red at the bafe wichin : this variety is in the pofleflion of General Dalies, I have likewife feen it in another colledtion. '3- SMALL PARAKEET. Description. Plack. Pfittacus pufiUus, Ind, Orti. i. p. io6. 71. t. p. 262. -Small Parakeet, White's Joum. T^HIS is nearly the fize of the Guinea Parakeet ^ and under feven inches in length : the bill dufky, furrounded at the bafe with crimfon : body olive green, paler beneath : tail the fame » but the inner webs at the bafe are crimfon : legs blue. Inhabits New South Wales : in fome, the bafe of the tail is yellowilh inftead of red j it is found in great numbers all over the country about Sydn^ Covet and has a brufh-like tongue, well adapted to extraft honey from the flowers of the trees, with which almoft every flower of the country abounds. Mr. !C P A R R O T. Mr. Bechjiein mentions a variety* wiiicli had the v,!iole of the face crimfon : the in. per part of the body dull green, beiustK paler; each feather of the tail is crimfon within, witii the end yello"- if!. -, at the bend of the wing is a red fpot. Mr. Bechfein furpe(5ls thir. to be the maki and that the one in H hitis Journal may poflibly bs the other fex. ' Turcofine Parakeet, Nai. Mifc. v. 3. pi. 96. CIZE oi the Crejied Parakeet : bill black : the upper parts of the plumage are green, and the two middle tail feathers ; the two next have a little yellow at the tips, which increafes in all the others, as they are more outward, till the two outmoft are perfeftly yellow j the tail itfelf being greatly cuneiform : the head is pale blue j hind head brownifti, the back part of it inclining to chefnut : the whole of the wing is blue, but the coverts are paler and brighter than the reft ; at the inner bend of the wing is a long crimfon patch : legs pale brown. Inhabits New South Wales j but is a rare bird j is obferved not to fly far at a time, and never feen but in pairs, and oftener on the ground than on trees. The above defcribed from the drawings of Mr. Lambert : one of thefe, in the coUedlion of General DavieSy has four of the middle tail feathers green without, and dufky within, the outer one wholly yellow, except juft ac the bafe ; the next black half way, from thence to the end yellow i the third black within, green without, with a yellow tip. • Der Kleinc Sittich mit halbrothen Schwanze.— ^//^. Uek d. Vtg, i. i. Zu/aft. S, 704, SuPP, II. N 89 14. TURCOSINE PARAKKET. Descrihtjon. Plack, L ■•li < ■ A •M ' 'HI l^'vii y i^ ■ ;" ( 1 >' 1* - * '■,.'• 1 ii I ? it f i I 90 K\LD- SHOULDERED PAKAKEEi'. DliSCIUPTlOK. Place. 16. ORANGE- WJNGED PARAKEET. Description. Place. 17- BLACK- NECKED P. Description. Place* PARROT. Red (houldered Parakeet, Whitens Joum. t. p. 261- — Phil, Voy. t. p. 269. ClZE of the Gunea Parakeet: length ten inches and a half: ge- neral colour of the plumage green, paler beneath : the whole face and throat are crimfon, mixed with yellow round the eye : top of the head, ou y edge of the wing, and fome parts of the middle deep blue : flioulders of the wings, and beneath them blood red r j>Teater quills du(ky, fringed outwardly with yellow: tail greatly cuneiform, of a chefnut red at the bafe, and dull blue at the end t bill and legs brown. Inhabits Neiv South IVales, nrHIS bird is about feven or eight inches in length : the upper parts of the plumage are darkilh green ; the crown inclining to blue: cheeks beneath the eye pale afti colour: quills very dark: fhoulders of the wings, and all beneath orange : bill pale : legs red. This inhabits the BraJilSi or at leaft fuppofed to do To, as it was brought into England bv one of the fhips trading to the South Sea whale fifhery, and :he colleftion of General Davies. CiZE of the Alexandrine Parrot: bill and legs black: genera^' colour of the plumage green : forehead and orbits of a lemon colour : chin, throat, and brealt black ; the lore is white, and a white line on each fide of the neck, between the green and the black : belly duflcy green : quills and tail black : the leffer quills wholly,, and the edges of fome of the others, are blue. Inhabits the Bra/ils» The defaiption taken from a drawing at General Davhs's, '<■ ' ■••■.'*" '' PARROT. •* With Tails bven at thj End. Pfilt. BankTii, hi/. 0,n. i. p. 107. 76. ^. Bankfian Cuckatoo, White's 'jjijurn, tab, ^, 139. TPHI S is fomewhat fmaller than the one dcfcrlbccl In the Sympjh : in length twenty inches : the bill lead coloured ; the head mode- rately crefted, black; the feathers ofitvaiied vvidi yellow: throat and neck yellow: fides pf the neck miKcd white and black: body and wings wholly black : the two middle tail feathers black ; the others have the bafe and ends black, bur the middle crimfon, banded with black, as in the firfl: defcribed, and is found in the fame places. 9^ 18. >5ANKii!AN CO KATOO. Var. a. Date a 1 p I lUN. li, II'. ^1 {•■■ I'. Pfitt. Bankfii, Ind. Orn. i. p. 107. 76. y- ' '' Bankfian Cockatoo, Phill. Foy. tai. p. 166. TTHIS is twenty three inches in length: bill as in the laft, the bafe of it hid in the feathers : head, neck, and under parts of the body dull brown, margined on the crown and nape with olive : the body above, the wings, and tail glofly black ; all but the two middle feathers of the lafl: crimfon in the middle, but not banded with black. Var. B. DBSCRimOM. ^f'. ; I'l I'" 1 1 ' Funereal Cockatoo, Nat. Mi/c. vol. vi. pi. 1 86. 18. Var. C. 'T^HIS is rather larger than the common or firfl: defcribed, and Descriptiow. differs chiefly in having the four middle feathers of the tail of a yellow buff colour, marked with numerous black fpots inflicad of bands. T Sufpedb that this bird PtACB. 31. SPARROW P. DiscRimoir.. i t, 1; I '! . », ,1 ■'I Plack. Pfittacus chorxus, InJ. Orn, i. p. 112. 93. — Moli/i. Chil. (fr, td.) p. 237. CHIH P. 'T^HE general colour of this bird is a fine green, beneath cinereous Dkscriptiok. grey, with the tail of a moderate length: the orbits are flelh . - coloured. Inhabits Chili. \ has the fame manners, and lives on the fame food. Placi, as the 7tfj^«///»« parrot, and is , faid to talk remarkably well. ;«!";, Pfittacus Gerini, Ind, Orn. 5. p. iig. 112. Pf. brafil. viridis capite albo. Ger, Orn. i. p. 95. t. 109 GERINI's p gIZ-E and habit of the White-headed Parrot: bill and legs pale r DEscRirrio:;. head almoft wholly white : body green : lefler Wing coverts, fomc of the middle quilis, and uil feathers red.. Inhabits 5r^/«. / F^acb. '!! V" m I l':'^i ¥■ ■%rM v-t 94 24. Pr I, RATED P. Descriptiok. 25- THECAU P. DfSCRIPTION. Place. PARROT. l*fitt. pileatus, Ind. Orn. i. d. 115. iz^.—Scop, Am. Hijl, Nat, i. p. 32. K' 3*. — GV«. ^«. i. p. 29/}.. ^vute *. t nPHIS is the Cize of b. MiJ/el Tbriijh : bill liorn colour, b.fe of it brown: forehead and crown red; cheeks naked: general colour of the plumage green : quil/s and tail blue on the outer ed^es i the laft yellow at the tip : rum^ yellow green. M. Scopoli fufpeds it may be a variety of the Golden Crowned Pa' rakeetf yet does not mention whether tlic tail is even or not at the end. Pfittacus cyanolyfeos, /«^3o,l8ol. bi^JJiJffh.dhehett/ Si Jhn.TorA,- So-ut. tX>iaU (Tonien . i 1* ^* 1 ! ■ifkii ^'- ■ I'm .-it' I ' Hi 5 ; 1 «■ I i :f I ■V ^ irl, Ml m ' ' ' " t'Me Ira ii i 1 1 \ % \*\. C H A N N E L - B 1 L L. alh coloiTi* ; the eml of each feather tipped with black : the qnilh are much the fame, but darker; and the inner webs, as they approach tlic bafe, are very pale. The firft quill feather i» fhorter by ehrce iriches and three-fonrths than the fecond, and the fecond full an inch {hotter than the third, which is the fcmgeft o^ all j and the wings when clofed, cover fiill three-^fourths- of the tail. The tail jtfeif is cunei- form, and confifts of ten feathers, of a deep afh colour j the cwo> *niddle feathers are eleven inches long; the outer ones only feven inches and three quarters. Near the end of all the feathers is a bar of black, which takes up moft fpace in the middle ones ; the very tips of all for about an inch, are white: the margins of the inner webs, from the middle to the bafe, in all but the two middle feathers, are barred black and white } the feathers over the thighs, and the vent and under tail coverts, barred with the fame, but paler : the legs are fliort, meafuring from the heel to the toe joint only two inches ; the toes of the fame length, and placed two before and two behind, as in the 'Toucan j their colour is blueifli black. This bird inhabits NezO Holland, where it is called Goe-re-e-gang j it is not very common, and firft appears about Port Jackjon in O£lober j is feldom feen unlefs mornings and evenings, fometimes feven or eight together, but oftener in pairs : both on the wing, and when perched, they make a ftrange loud fcreaming noife, not unlike that made by a common cock and hen, when they perceive a hawk or any other bird of prey hovering over them. They probably come to this part of New South TVales only to breed, after which they depart elfewhere in January, but where is not afcertained. In the crops and gizzards of feveral, were found the feeds of the red gum and pepper- mint trees, which is believed to be their principal food, and fuppofed to fwallow them all whole, as the pericarpium or capfule has been found in the ftomach ; exuvise of fome beetles have alfo been found, luw not in quantity. The tail, which is not far Ihort of the length Supp. II. O of n Place. i]'h.U' wn T I "f^^ 98 CHANNEL-BILL. of the body, is fometimes difplayed like a fan, and gives it on flight, or when fitting, a very majeftic appearance. The natives know very- little of its habits, haunts, &c. however, they cohfider its appearance as an indication of wind and blowing weather, and that its frightful fcream is through fear, as it is not a bird of very adlive or quick flight. The pupil of the eye appears uncommonly clear. It cannot eafily be tamed, for Mr. I'f^hite obferves, that he kept a wounded one two daya alive, though he could get it to eat nothing, but bit every thing that approached it very fcverely. A f r :1 - i H O R N B I L L. Genus IX. H O R N B 1 L L. 99 1 M N* I. Abyfllnian H. 2. African H. N" 3. Indian H. 4. Crimfon H. Buceros Abyflinicus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 143. ^.— Meyer, Ueh. der Neuefi. Zool. 1. Entd.S.nj. ABYSSINIAN Abba Gumba, Erkoom, Brucs's Trav, v. 3. p. 102.— l£ App, t. p. ifig. Abyflinian Hornbill, Gen, Syn. i. p. 347. 4. H. 'T* H I S is fully defcribed by Mr. Brucet who fays tl.e total length is three feet ten inches, breadth fix feet ; breadth of extended wings twenty-two inches : the bill is ten inches long, of which the horn meafures' three inches and an half: the plumage in general is footy black : the large wing feathers are ten in number, and milk white : on the neck are feveral protuberances, as in the 'Turkey Cock, of a light blue colour, changing red on various occafions : the eye is reddifh or dark brown ; eyelafhes long, efpecially the upper. This bird is found in Ahyjftniay generally among the fields oiTaff^ feeding on green beetles, which frequent that plant ; it has a putrid fmell, which has occafioned a fuppofition of its feeding on carrion : in the eaftern parts it is called Abha Gumba, but in the language of Tigre, on the weft fide of the 'Tacazziy it is called Erkoom. It has been feen with eighteen young ones, and runs on the ground for the moft part, but when raifed flies both ftrong and far. It builds in large thick trees, and when it can near churches'; has a covered neft like that of a magpie, but four times as large as an eaglc*s, placing it firm on the trunk, without endeavouring to make it high' from the ground, the entry always on the caft fide. On the 7 O 2 fi-ontiers Descriftion. Placi. MiNNBRt. 'Ami ■.-.■■i] II u 1 lOO 2. AFiciCAN H. H O R N B I L L. frontiers ofSemara and Raas el feel, it is called Petrel Naciha, or Bird of Delliny. Buceros afrlcanus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 143. 5. Der africanifche Hornvogel, Jllg. Ueb. d. Vog. i. S. zij.^^JJ. Zufafs. S. 716. African Hornbill, Gtn. Sjn. i. p. 348. 5. Jl^ BECHSTEIN obferves, that Mr. Geoffroy the younger, fup- pofes this and the foregoing to be one and the fame bird *. INDIAN H., CRIMSON H. DitcRirTieVf. Buceros Hydrocorax, Ind. Orn. i. p. 144. 7. Indian Buceros. AJtat. Re/earchet, vol. iv. p« Indian Hornbill, Gen. Syn. i. p- 35I- 7* IT is obferved in the ^ftatic Re/ear cbes, by Lieutenant Charles White that the name of this bird is Dhanefa, that it feeds on the Nux Vomica, and the fat of it is highly deemed by the natives. 'M' EITHER the fize of this bird Is known, any more than the place it inhabits : the head feems full of feathers, and a trifle crefted : the upper part of it even with the eyes, and between themi and the bill black ; ihe reft of the plumage a fine crimfon : acrofs the back and ihoulders a band of white : the bill is longer from the gape, than from thence to the back of the head j the colour of it black or duiky, except at the bafe, where it is furrounded with white, and juft at this divifion the noftrils are placed j the bill is ftout, running to a point at the tip, and a trifle curved for one-third of its length : the legs are the colour of the bill : the tail is cuneiform, and pretty long, as the quills reach juft beyond the bafe of it. • See Aa. d'mjt. Nat. de Pewits v. i. p^ i. kis definidon is, " B. niger, tttm.%1* « bus Q^oribiu adbis^ roftro nigjro, coroa aruoriiim 4>eno, ma« gutture rabro»£»mina « catrulcQ,'* I met H O R N B r L L. I met with this bird among fome drawings belonging to Mr, Smitbt moft of which were of Indian birds. I am greatly at a lofs where to place it, for if the drawing is exa(5V, it docs not exadly tally with any of the known fpecies, except the l^*reathed Hornbill * of Dampier, fuppofing the wreathed parts to be fmoothed off, and in this cafe it has a greater curve at the tip. It feems a curious bird,, but I have not met with any one who has feen an original fpecimen* • ThlsiiY/jell hgiiiid in D*Entt'eca^(ux*s roja^e/n, p. 304. pi. xu lax, ■Mr m 102 BEE F-E A T E R. Genus X. BEEF-EATER. .'V AFRICAN BEEF-EATER. fiuphaga Afrtcana, InJ. Orn. i. p. 147; i. Pic-boeuf d'Afriqup, Livai/l. Qif. pi, ^jj—Dauiin. Orn, ii. p. 294. pi. tt. African Beef-eater, Gen, Syn. i. p. 3^9. i. tab. la. JJITHERTO we have heard of this bird only as a native of Senegal; but M. Levaillant afTures us that he has met with it in the country of the great Namaquasy near Caffrariuy and that it coincides much with the Starling in point of manners, forming itfelf into fmall troops, of a dozen or more in each, alighting on the backs of oxen, antelopes, and other quadrupeds, where by prefling the elevated part of the hide of the animal, containing the larve of the oejlrus, it forces it out, to the great relief of the animal, enjoying itfdf a delicate repaft. Befides thefe, the bird is faicl to feed on various kinds of in- fects. It has a (harp kind of cry, by no xeans approaching to any thing like what may be termed a fong. :r ANT. 103 Genus XI. A N I. Crotophaga varia, Inif. Orn, \. p. 149. 3. Crotophagus varius indicu», Gtr. Orn. ii. p. 54. tab. 191. 'THIS Is the fize of the Leffer Jnit and eleven inches in length : the bill is black, If fs ftrong than in the common Ipecies : head, fore part of the neck and breaft black : the middle and greater wing coverts and tail black j the reft of the body fulvous, inclining to rufous: legs yellow brown. It is not faid from whence this bird came, but we are informed that it was alive for fome time at Fer- JailleSi where it went by the name of Indian Pitt and a drawing of it: fcnt to Fkren(e, from which M, Gerini copied his figure. VARIEGATED ANI. Description. m V V t* *t i- i\ tD4 PLANTAIN. EATER. Genus XI*. PLANTAIN-EATER. % m VIOLET PLANTAIN E. Description. PfcA«l. ^ I L L ftout, triangular, the upper mandible elevated at the bafe above the crown ; both mandibles dentatcd on the edges. Nostrils in the middle of the bill. Tongue entire, and flout. Tqjes placed three be&re and one behind. Mufophaga vioUcea* MufafreiTer, Sehr. dtr Berl. Gt/ell ix. S. i6. taf. i. Royal Cuckow, Ltv, Muf. pi. in p. 167 ? '^ 'T^H I S curious and hitherto non-defcript bird, is nineteen inches in length, of which the tail is ^\a inches and one-third : the bill from the tip to the gape is one inch and an half, and very fingulariy fhapcdj efpecially the upper mandible, being nearly triangular, lofing its at- tachment at the back part, where it is elevated, and hangs over the crown ; the colour of the bill is yellow, growing red towards the end, and the edges of both mandibles are dentated j the tongue not unlike that of a Parrot in fhapc : irides brown : the top of the head is purple : lore violet : beneath each eye is a line of white j eye-lids purple : the neck, bread, and body violet j wings the fame : the prime quills purple in the middle ;. the tail longilh, cuneiform, ob- tufe, the fame colour as the quills \ : legs dufky black, and very ftrong. This beautiful bird is found on the plains near the borders of rivers, f M. Jftrt fays the tail confifls of nine feathers only, which might be the cafe with his fpecimen, but as we know no bird in whidi the tail feathers are not even in num> ber, I ihculd fufpedl that this bird alfo may have at kail ten feathers, or even more. un in . V PI. ex XV. •««■ vi /^'..''' A JF'yt'i'i'i' hff/r/J^/Y/r ///a/// -r^/ey/^ til I -5^ M 'i. i ^^' t m 1 1* 1 t *f' ifl V': ^< ' ii w l\thluh'dat thc^UcUfeettJilaygo. tSci hi/Ze^A.fnifubtf. Sc J'on . ISt'/e -ftreet Gcifjit linrdtn , 1 'i'gii ^ i iiW: ^m^ik "M .m PLANTAIN-EATER. in the province ofJcray in Guinea, and is faid to live principally on the fruit of the plantain f j is very rare, for notwithftanding every pains he could take. M, Ifert was not able to obtain more than one fisecimen. I have ventured to aflimilatc this with the Royal Cuckom of the Leverian Mufeuntt as it feems to agree in every point, except the dif- pofition of the toe», which in that figure are placed two Hcfore and two behind. This however may be reconciled, by fuppofing the bird capable of placing the toes in the two different pofitions at will, a circumftance obferved like wife in refpeft to the ^oar^f o ; however, the aflertion of JVf. Ifert, that the toes were fituated as his figure re- prefents, ought to weigh with us, efpecially as he feems to be the only one who profefTes to have feen the bird. t Mufa pftradifiaca & fapientum. 105 im I .fl i;^ nm W *ft SuPi». II. % I >, ii ioi> CROW. Gekus XIII. CROW. • if i:il >'%< • RAVEN. DSSCRIPTION. N* I. Raven. 2. South Sea R. 3. Carrion Crow. 4. Rook. 5. Hooded Cr. 6. White-bi-eafted Cr. 7. Jackdaw. 8. Stcller'sCr. 9. Blue Cr. 10. Cinereous Cr. 11. Rufous Cr. 1 2. Red-billed Cr. 13. Magpie. 14. Senegal Cr. Corvus Corax, In J. Orn. i. p. 150. i. ■ carnivorus, Bartr. Traij. p. 286. • ■ calvus feu Loripes, Ger, Om. s. tab. 143. Vtr. Corvus clerkus, Muf. Carl/, pi. z. Var. Grand Corbeau, Levaill. Oif. pi. 51. — Daudin. Or». ii. p. 224. i." The common Raven, Gen. Sjn. i. p. 367. i. 'TpHE one figured by M. Sparrman, in the Muf. Carl/, differed from the comnion fpecies, merely in having the chin white. This fpecies is found in Egypt -, a few fmail flocks appearing about Rojetta in February only. Thefe mix freely with the flocks of Crows, remaining on the ground with them, round inhabited places *. It has N" 15. Alpine Cr. 16. Red legged Cr. 17. Hermit Cr. 18. Short- tailed Cr. Var.G. 19. Black -faced Cr. ao. Caledonian Cr. 21. Variable Ci*. ai. Blue and White Cr. 23. Black and White Cr. 24. White-cheeked Cr. 25. Rufous- bellied Cr. 26. Changeable Cr. 27. Wattled Cr. • S»nnini*t Trav. (Engl, ed.) 2. p. 239, been CROW. Ipeen obferved to mc t> that 2l female raven weighs two pounds ten ounces, but the e^ fcarcely fevcn drams, fo that forty-eight of them would only make up the weight of the bird. The egg of the Cuckow is lefs difproportionate, requiring only thirty-eight to equal the parent in weight. Levaillant found that of which he gives a figure, in Saldanha Bay^ at the Cape of Good Hope, where it not unfrcquently unites in large flocks, attacking young antelopes, and likewife killing them: that the male and female are generally together, making the nefl: in the clefts of rocks, as well as in old buildings. This is certainly a variety only of our Raven, diSeriog merely in being bigger, and the bill a trifle more bent. 407 Flaci. t'M, Var. C. Corax Cruclroftra, Corbeau Bee croife, DauJ. Orn.li. p. 226. 'Tp H I S is only a variety, with the two mandibles croffing each other i an accidental circumflance merely, and which is not unfrc- quently feen in other birds. Corvus albicoIlU, /»■; k:.;nfil H \ ' Ml 10$ CROW. formed by a fingle row of white feathers, or rather half white, the cuter border being only vifible : the feathers of the throat are forked; the beards extending beyond the fhafts, and lefs black than the reft of the plumage : irides brown or hazel. pLAci. Mr. Levaillant found this every where in his African travels, but particularly among the great NamaquaSy and in Swarte-Land, but lefs common at the Cape of Coed Hope itfelf. T\\t female \s lefs than the tnaJe-t the white on the neck lefs extended, the black lefs glofly, more inclined to brown : it is a bold bird, attacking young lambs and antelopes, alfo feeding on carrion. I obferved a figure of this among Mr. Bruce's drawings ; the bill elevated not unlike that of the Am : (boulders of the wings browhifti: tip of the bill white. Mr. Levaillant thinks it a link between the Crow and Vulturej and that it is not a bird of paflage. l; ' CARRION CROW. Corvus Corone, Ind. Orn. i. p. 151. j^.'-'Sepp. Fcg, 3. t. 15. Corvus maritimus, Kodk, Bartrani's Trav. p. 286? Corneille Corbine, Daudin. Orn. ii p. 228.— //j/?. Prov. i. p. 486. Carrion Crow, Gen. Syn. i- p. 370. 3. 'T' HE manners of this fpecies are well known j but a fingular anec- dote of one of thefe has come to my knowledge, attefted by Mr. Edwards. In March 1783, a Ci'ew was obferved to build a neft on the vane of the top of the Exchange at Newcajllcy and the more re- rriarkable, as the fpindle on which the neft was conftruded, being fixed to the vane, moves with it, and it appeared very fingular to view it in windy weather, when the neft in courfe turned round to every point of the compafs. A fmall copper-plate was engraven with a reprefentation of the circumftance, of the fize of a watch paper i and fo pleafed were the inhabitants with ir, that as many of them were fold as produced to the engraver the fum often pounds. Birds of the Crow genus are faid to be fo numerous about AJlra- cban. CROW. (bath that could any one find out the means of deflroying them, it would be doing very great fervice. 105^ Corvus frogilegus, L/d. Orn. i. p. 15*. ^.-^Sepp. Vog. 3. tab. 10^.— Bartram. Trav. p. 286 ? Corneille du Cap, Lc'vaill. O'lf. iJ. p. 1 1. N" 52. Corneille Freux, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 229. Rook, Gtn. Syn. i. p. 372. 4. TT is faid that there are no Rooks in the ifland of Jerjey, although crows and magpies are not unfrequent j nor is it certain that Jays inhabit that iiland * ; yet we are certain that Rooks migrate into France from this country. This fpecies is apt to vary in colour, like the CroWy as two white ones are mentioned by Mr, fi^hite^ in his Hiftory of Selborne f. Mr. Levaillant met with thefe at the Cape of Good Hopy but ob- ferves, that they differ only in the noftrils not being bare of feathers, as obferved in Europe, This probably arifes from fome difference in their manner of feeding, for the young Rooks have the noftrils wdl covered with briftles, and in proportion as they root with their bills into the ground, the briftles are rubbed off, and at laft the roots them- felves are deftroyed, the noftrils remaining bare for ever after. Corvus Comix, Ind, Orn. \. p. 193. j.-~Sepp. Vog. 3. tab. 106. • Corneille mantelee, Daud. Orn, ii. p. 231. Hooded Crow, Gen. Syn. i- p. J 5 3 . 5 . 'HIS fpecies changes place according to the feafon in this country, breeding in the more northern parts ; I do not hear of their doing (b more fouthward than Northumberland ; they approach the fouth about the middle of OSiober, are common in the fummer about * Cel. Motttagut t P. 42. 4^ ROOK*- Plack. HOODED^ CR. 'if' Hi ■I. V ■ *. ^ i\' i\. I the flZO CROW. the Highlands of Scotland^ where they breed on all forts of trees > are jndifcriminate feeders, living on both carrion and (hell fifli, alfo will eat at limes Cranberries j and other mountain berries. 1 have alfo been informed, that in the ftomach of one were found feveral fniall Ihells and horfe beans. *t c m. ,-■ ..'^•t .'^■'i' 6. WHITE- BREASTED CR. Dbscription. Corvus dauuricus, Ind, Orti. i. p. i^^. 8. Corneille a fcapulaire blanc, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 14. pi. 53. Corvus fcapulatus, Corneille a fcapulaire, Daudin, Orn, ii. p. 233. Whice-breafted Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 376. 6. pi. 15. nr H I S is figured in the Blanches Enlumineest but the wings arc there too fliort, for they reach three-fourths of the way on the tail : the female is fmaller than the male, and the colours lefs vivid : are found at the Cape of Good Hope in plenty; make the neft in trees or bu flies not well cloathed with leaves, and lay five or fix green ,cggs fpotted with brown. The Hottentots hold this bird and fome others of the crow kind in great eftimation, being of fingular ufe in picking out infefls from the backs of oxen, with which they are fometimes fo covered as to be in danger of lofing their lives. In one of thefe, fuppofed to have come from China, I obferved the belly and under parts to be black, and I have no doubt of its being found in Ahyffmia, as I obferved a figure of one among the drawings of Mr. Bruce, JACKDAW. Corvus Monedula, Ind. Orn. i. p. 154. \\.—Sepp. Vog. 3.1. 113. Choucas comtnun, Daudin., Orn. ii. p. 233. Jackdaw, Gen. Syn. i. p. 378. 9. — Id. Supp. p.78. T Have obferved that this bird will frequently make the neft in "^ rabbit burrows, and in the Ifle of Ely, for want of ruined edifices, in which it moil delights to build, it fometimes makes the 6 neft CROW. im neft in the cbimvies\ on an occafion of this fort, a fire was once lighted on a hearth below, which had not been ufed for fome time, at laft the materials of the neft above took fire, and were in fuch^ quantity, that it was with the greateft difficulty that t'le houfe itfelf could be preferved from the flames. Corvus Stelleri, Ltd. Orn. i- p. 158. 20. Pica glandaria ceerulea* &c. Bartr. Trav. p. 170; . Geai de Steller, Daudifi. Orn, ii. p. 248. Steller's Crow, Gen. Syn. i. p. 387. 21. T judge this to be the one mentioned in Bartrajn\ Travels, of an azure bl«e colour j no creft or tuft of feathers on the head ; faid not to be fo large as the blue J^ o^ Virginia^ but equally clamorous j'. found in clumps and coverts in the ipace between the lower trading houfe and Reck Point. Dr. Pallas mentions it as being Ihot by Mr. Steller,. when Bering^. creYf landed upon Jmerica. Corvus cyanus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 159. 21. La Pie bleue a tete noire, Le-vaill. Oi/» ii. p. 28. pi. 58. — Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 236. Corvus cyanus, blue Magpie, Pall, Trav. iii. p. 694, — Gen. Syn, i. p. 394. 30- 'T'HIS fpecies migrates from the Mongolian Defarts and Chinay only into that part of the Ruffian dominions which lies to the fouth of Lake Baikal. The figure in Levaillant's work feems to have the feathers of the hind head elongated into a pointed creft, and the whole of the head below the eyes and the chin black : the body is blue grey beneath, more blue above, wings and tail fine blue: tips of the fcGond quills white: tail very long and cuneiform, con- fifting 8. STELLER'3 CK. Description^ 9- BLUE". CR. Descriptiok.. .r^ , V -Mfyv 1; ■ ■■ ih- i m -'';?■■ IP" mm 112 CROW. -fifting of twelve feathers, all of them white at the ends : bill and legs black. This came from China, but Mr. Levai/lant is not av/ are or is filent in relped to its being the one mentioned by Dr. Pallas. 10. CINEREOUS CR. Description. Corvus Canadenfis, fm/. Orn. i. p. j6o. zj. Geai du Canada, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 250. Cinereous Crow, Gea. Syn. i. p. 389. 23. 'T' H E weight of this bird is two ounces and a half; length ten inches and a half j breadth fifteen inches : faid to live among the pines q( Americai in pairs at all times of the yearj are detefted by the natives : the young fly in May, II. RUFOUS CR. Disc RIPTION. Corvus rufus, InJ. Orn. i. p. 161. 2S. Pie rouffc, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 31. pi. ^g-'^Daud. Orn. ii. p. 245. Rufous Crow, Gen. Syn. Supp. p. 84. 'T' H E length of this in Levaillant^s plate is nearly eleven inches : head and neck afh colour: back, fcapulars, rump and belly rufous ; the two lad pale, inclining to orange : middle of the wing greyifh white : quills black, and reach juft beyond the bafe of the tail, which is long and cuneiform, the general colour of it pale grey j the ends of the feathers black, more fo in proportion as the feathers are outward, fo that the two middle ones are grey nearly the whole of their length j at the end of each a rufous grey fpot : bill greyifh horn colour : legs yellowifh, faid to come from Bengal, 12. RED-BILLED CR. Corvus erythrorynchos, Jnd, Orn. i. p. 161. 29. La Pie bleue, Levaill. Oif. ii. p. 24. pi. ^-j.—Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 240. t. 15. Red-billed Jay, Gen. Syn. i. p. 390. 24. Description. 'TTHE dcfcription in the Gen. Synopjis of birds, gives every idea of the bird fufficient to difcriminate it from others of its genus ; but 1] CROW. but in refpcft to the tail feathers, they are faultily exprefied in the P/, Enluminces^ for inftead of being as there rcprefented, of a mode- rate length, and fcarcely more than rounded in fhape at the end, the fa£b is, that the tail is full half as long again as the whole of the reft of the bird j this we can teftify from a fine fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum, in which the tail is fully as cuneiform in its Ihape as in the Magpie i each of the feathers being blue, with the ends black, and ultimately marked with an oval fpot of white at the tip. Mr. Levaillant alfo has remarked the fame circumftance, Corvus Pica. Ind. Orn. i. p. 162, 32. Pie commune, Daud. Orn. n. p. z^.^-HiJl. Prov. i. p. \%-j.'^Hifi. AUpp. p. 6g. Magpie, Gen. Syn. i. p. 392. z^.-—Id, Sup. p. 80. J T has been obferved, that no greater numbers of this bird are feen than in the temperate and fouthern latitudes of Rujfta j it is common all over Sibiriut and even in Kamtjchatka j it was met with alfo in the adjacent iQands by Steller, In Clayton*^ account of Virginiay it is obferved that neither Jackdaw nor Magpie are there, and that they prize a Magpie full as much as we do the Red Bird, Many varieties of this bird have been noticed, and others continually fall under obfervation j I obferved at the late Mr. Charles Boddatn's, of Bull's Cro/s, one of a dun colour, with white wing coverts : breaft and belly white j this was eleven years old. One (hot at lord Templets at Sfow, now in the Leverian Mu/eum, is almoft white, longitudinally (Ireaked with bl%pk: tail white, ftreaked with black at the ends ; added to thefe, a magpie's neft was /ound fome years fmce in Somerjetfltirey in which were four young, three of them had the bills white j the reft of the body, taily^rid Icgi cream colour : the fourth of the natural colour. Supp. II. CL T'J MAGPIE. Place. ; 1 1 m ' I, :' >:i I'm t^' ■(• fl,'! 114 CROW, t '■' ' 14. .SENEGAL CR. Pi.aj;b. CorvHs Scnegalenfis, 7nd, Om. i. p. 163. 33. Le Piapiac, Levaill. Oif ii. p. 17. pi. 54 — Daudin. Orn, ii. p. 23^^ Senegal Crow> Gtn, Sjh. i. p. 394. 31. 'P' H I S M. Levaillant (bund in Africat far diftant from the great Kamaqms i it agrees with that in Pi £»/«w/»^^j, 538, but has jfr far longer tail. Mr. Levaillant called it from its cry, which is truely exprefllve of its name ; it perches on high trees, fometimcs twenty together : the males have the longeft tail, more graduated than in the European Magpie j than which it is more flcnder. It ,buildson the tops of high trees, defends the neft entirely with thorns, pnly leaving one opening j lays from fix to eight white eggs, marked with fome fpots of brown, biggeft at the large end ; is feen in the inward parts of the Cape of Good Hope, but rarely if ever at tlie Cape itfclf, Mr. Leifaillanf mentioned a Angularity in one of the tail feathers having two fhafts coming out of one quill, one of them entirely without webs, but whether a mere Itt/its natura, or common to the ipccies in general, he had not an opportunity of obferving. ALPINE CR. Flaci. Corvui Pyrrhooorax, /»»S 16. RED-LKGGED CR. Place. IV, ivItJ; :f ,-/,i:' Corvus Eremita, Ind. Orn. i. p. 166. 42. Crave hupp^, ou Sonneur, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. &J4. Der Alpen Rabe, AT. G. Dtut/cb. B. z. S. 470. taf. xvit. Wood Crow from Swiczcrl&iul> Bwvwjk* Nat. pi. 71. 5. B. Hermit Crow, G$h. Syn, i. pi. 403. 41. 'T'HE figure in Borow/kPs work, which feems to been taken from Albkii is bare about the head, vnd the crefi: begins at the nape> continuing to the lower part of the neck, falling oflT to nothing at top and bottom, but the feathers of it very long in the middle of the neck : the eye is furrounded with black. The figure in Gerim*s work is faid to be this bird, but it feem» to have a longer bill, and no doubt ought rather to be referred to th^ Cormjh Chough, Tardus trioftegus, Mu/, Cart/. Fafc» iv. tab. 84. TN this the bill is yellowifh, with brown edges: the head ahd nape rufty green, with three longitudinal black ftreaks: the upper Q^a parta •7. HERMIT CR. DlSCRirTION. 18. SHORT. TAILED CR. Var. G. DiicKirTioff. ,1 :m' , ''hi. m '%\ ■*■-. ^^-1 I w- I (I ,,!':» » ■ ii6 19. BLACK-FACED CR. DlSCKlPTLON. Place. CROW. parts of the body and wings green for the moft part : fhoulders, rump, and tail grcenilh bUie : the greater wing coverts and quills black, on the latter a bar of white : throat, breaft, I .lly, thighs, and legs pale ruft colour : vent rofe colour, inclining to white under the tail, which is very (hort, and moftly black, with the end of a glofly blue. M. Thunberg is faid to have brought this variety from fome of the E«Jl India iflands: fize of our Var. C. C I Z E of a Jay : bill flout and black j tongue rounded at the end r the face and throat black : the plumage on the upper parts is blueilh afli colour for the moft part ; beneath paler : quills blackifhj with pale edges : tail fix inches and a half long, and duflcy brown, all but the two middle feathers tipped with white : legs duflcy blue. Inhabits New HoUandy where it \% caWtd Kai-a-lorai faid to be a bird of prey. I am obliged to Mr. Lambert for the above dcfcrip- tlon ; among his drawings I likewife obferved another which had a (louter billi the head black much beyond the eyes, and the plumage rather of a darker hue, and the tail feathers not tipped with white. 20, CALEDONIAN CR. Description. Magpie of New Caledonia, VEntrecaJhux't Voy. ii. p. 226k pi. 35. T ENGTH twenty inches: head black, feathers of it iilRy and diftinft, round the eye fomewhat bare \ all the neck white, and in the middle of the- belly a little of the lame : the general colour of the plumage otherwife black : the bill is black and ftout, the end of it for one third yellowifli, and flightly notched : tail very cuneiform^ the two middle feathers eleven inches long, the next on each fide nine, diminishing regularly to the outer ones, which rnrafure no more than three laches and a half: legs dufky.. Inhabits ii*ii CROW. Inhabits the woods of New Caledonia, I faw a fpccitnen of this at Mr. Tbomp/on'Sf Little Saint Martin's Lane, 'T'HIS is a large fpecies, but the true fize not certain, as the drawing from whence this defcripcion is taken did not identify it : the bill is ftrong, ieemingly lels than in the Crow^ though cha- rafleriftic of that genus : the plumage dufky brown, with refledtions of blue and reddilh in different lights : bill and legs black* This \\as met with in New Hollandt and was the only one of its^ kind feen there. Mr. Lambert, 'T* HI S fpecies is fmaller than a magpie : bill and legs dufky brown:' irides brown : from the middle of the crown, the nape, back of the neck to the middle of the back, the greater part of the wings, and the end of the tail for one third, of a deep blue i the reft of the plumage white : |uills towards the ends brown. Inhabits Nevo South fFales-, known by the name of Karrock. It feems much allied to the 'Thrujh genus, as it has not any briffles covering the bafe of the bill -, it is efteemed a rare fpecies. 'T^HIS is about twenty inches in length: the bill and legs dufky black; irides blueifh: the chin and throat, the middle of the greater quills, the rump, vent, and middle of all but the two centre tail feathers, are white : the reft of the plumage black. Inhabits New South fVales ; probably changes place in different feafons, as it is chiefly met with in A%» •17 Place. 91. VARIABLE CR. DeSCRIPTIOMV Place. 92. BLUE ANI>' WHITE CR. Descriptiok. Pi, ACS. 23- BLACK AND- WHITE CR. Descriptiok. Pl.ACff» • I i, • i ., y y Hi.- 4 I ■' AW %^ ^I<' ii3 WHITE- CHEEKED CR. DESCRIPTION. PlAC E. RUFOUS- BELLIED CR. jDfSCKIPTlON* 'LAC*. CROW, C IZ E uncertain : bill dufky j legs pale : the head is tufted, or rather fuller of feathers than the rt-ft of the body, and is, as well as the neck, breaft, and belly, black: the feathers of the chin and breafl i-nargined with white ; on the ear a wWte patch : back, wings, and tail oHve green : quills dull ruft goIouf : the (hape of tiic tail cuneiform j the ©titer feathers tipped with white. Inhabits New Ihllandy and at firft fight feems to refemble fcmewhat the fFbite-eared Jayy but differs in not having tli€ forehead whicifh, nor does the white patch conne fo near the eye as in thai bird , bc' fides, the fliape of the tail is cuneifornn in the prefent defcribed, but in the White-eared Jay it is fimply rounded at the end. La Pic a culotte de peau, Levaill. Oif. il. p. so. pi. 55. 'T'HIS is about the fize of a Blackbird, but differs in having a ameiform tail, which is half as long again as the bird : the whole of the plumage is gloffy black, with a tinge of blue in fome lights i but the feathers of the belly, thighs, and vent, are of a flefh colour, or pale rufous, and the vent rather inclines to brown : the bill and legs are black. This bird is figured from one in the colledion of M. Ray de Breu- kelerward, of Amflerdam, and faid to have been brought fron; one of the South Sea iffes. It feems to have fonp€ affinity to the Senegal Crow, from its fliape and cuneifbrr>i tail: the bill is iict fo ftrong in pro- portion as in the Magfie, but more approaching to that of the Thrujhes. In this fmgte fpeciraen, were obfcrvcd only eight feathers in the tail, and or the moft minute invefti||Raieion, no traces ot more could be found; if it be really the caftwiiH others of the faooefpccikv as may be- known hereafter, it is, we believe, a Angular occurrence, as although frequently more, we do not at prefent know any bird which has fewer than ten feathers in its tail. ii CROW.. Le Tcmla, Levaill. (ji/. ii. p. 22. pi. 56. TpHIS is about the fize of our Sofig Thrii/h in the body, but rather longer in proportion: the general colour of the plumage is black, and the texture of the feathers fine, delicate and foft; but rhofe round the bafe of the bill, as far as the eye and chin, are ftifF and (hort, ?: pearing more like black velvet, and thofe on the reft t>f the body, in different refleftions of light, are gloffed with green and purple ; thofe of th^ tail above, feem gloffed with green, the four middle ones wholly fo, but the others only on the outer webs j the tail is greatly cuneiform, and contains ten feathers; the four middle ones or longeft are of equal length, and longer than the reft of the body j the others leflen till the outer ones are very fhort : the bill and legs are black, and perhaps may be allied to the Crow genus, however^ the bill in Ihape is greatly fimi'ar to that of the BeefeaUVi and the bird may not unlikely be pofleffcd of the fame manners. This was fcnt froin Batavia, to Mr. Temmirukj o( j^mjlerdam, but it is by no means certain that this was its native coimtry. Pie a pendeloqnes, DomMh. Orn. ii. p. 246. pi. xvi. T ENGTH fifteen inches: bill black, flender, and a litu'? elon- gated : the gene;r.l colour of the plumage brownifh grey : the feathers at the top of the head and neck edged with whitifli ; on the cheeks a little dawny, at the bottom of which arifes a cylindrical caruncle, ten lines in length, hanging on each fide of the neck; throat white; fore part of the neck, and under parts of the body dirty white, the middle of each feather dafhed with brownifh : on the middle of the belly a patch of fine yellow : quills tipped with whlce : tail greatly a^neifbrm, each feather tipped with white ; legs greyilh yellow ; clnws brownifh grey, (harp, crooked^ and ftrong- Inhabits New Zmland, 119 26. CHANGEABLE CR. Description. Pt ACE.- 27. WATTLED CR. DlSCRlPTIOJ*. PLACe. ■:■ mi ,m ' ■•im ■'■'Mi *. . ' * i:. 'H ,fi ,i<-li, no U O L L E R. Genus XIV. ROLLER. N* I. Bengal R. 2. Docile R. 3. Noify R. 4. Striated R. N« 5. Piping R. 6. Crimfon R. 7. Hairy Ro 8. Red-breafted R. ,* BENGAL R. Var. Dbscriftion. PtACl, Cor. Bengalenfis, Ltd. Orn. i. p. 168. 2. Var. KoUier tachete, Z}a«>. Or*, ii. p. 258. CIZE of the Common Roller', length thirteen inches: bill black; head rufous, with a whitifli mixture in the face : the general colour of the plumage is rufous, tinged with dirty green on the back, and inclining to red beneath, m?irked with a longitudinal white ftripe on each feather : wings dull pale green : quills Iky blue : tail rufous brown, pretty long, and the feailiers of equal lengths : legs du(ky, A fpecimen of this bird is in the Mufeum at Paris, brought from Sene- gal, b> Af. Geoffroy de Villeneuve. It has been alfo k'.lleJ in Caffraria by Mr. Levatllant, It is probably a young bi'i of the Bengal Roller, DOCILE R. Pescription. ''Mi\ Coracias docilis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 172. I7.»•• at the point of the upper mandible, which is bent j the colour I the tip black : general colour of the plumage deep black, except Liie nape, wing coverts, and fome of the greater quills at the bafe, rump, vent, and bafe of all the tail feathers for two-thirds of the length, which are white, but the end of the tail is black, as is the whole of the outer feather on the outer web : legs dufky flatc colour. Inhabits New South IValeSt where it is known by the name of Tarra-war-nang ; it has a foft note, not unlike the found of a well- toned flute J . it preys often on fmali birds. Crimfon Roller, Lev. Muf. tab. in p. 63. CIZE of a Crow: bill red : the whole plumage crimfon, inclining to pompadour red, but fomewhat deeper : the tail is even at the end, of the fame colour as the reft of the plumage, but da:rker ; the under part of it dufky black j quills of this laft colour : legs dufky. This moft beautiful fpecies inhabits Cayenne y a fine fpecimen is in the colltdtion of Mr. MartyUi of Great Marlborough Street j that from $> which. ROLLER. which the figure in the Leverian Mujeum was engraven,»was taken from a painting in the colleftion of the late M. G. UOrcy^ commu- nicated by Colonel Woodford: this feems to differ in fome degree, for the feathers of the crown are elongated, fo as to make it appear fomewhat crefted, and the quills and tail are faid to be wholly black. 1*3 7. HAIRY R. 'T'HE bill and legs in this bird are dulky blue j the whole of the Discriptiok. neck, bread, and belly teftaceous brown, ftreaked with white, and the feathers rather loofe and elongated : back and wing coverts green brown,, edged with blue and changeable red : quills deep blue : tail long, even at the end, and like the quills in colour : above the eyes a ftreak of white, and beneath them a dark one. A drawing of this bird is in the colledion of Colonel Woodford. Red-breaded Roller, If i/.M/z/C tab. in p. 199. 'X' H I S is nearly the fize of a Conmmi Crow : the bill is ftrong and black : the general colour of the plumage is alfo black, (lightly glofled with blue on the back and wings: the fore part of the neck and bread; are bright fcarlet, inclining tocrimfon, changing to ferru- ginous at the lower part : the tail confifts of twelve feathers, and is (lightly cuneiform : legs black. The above defcription taken from a fpecimcn in the colle If-i i^ G R A K L E. CRESTED Gr. Description. EGYPTIAN Gr. DirCRirTION. Place. ABYSSINIAN Gr. DiSCRlPTlOK. Tlace. Gracula criflatella, /W. Orn. i. p. 19s. 8. Quifca'.c crirta.clle, Davdin. Orn. ii. p. 320. CrcUed Grakle, Gtn. Sjh. ii. p. 464. 7. — Id. Sup. p, go. QNE of thefc, or very like, is in the Britijb Mu/eum, which came from the Mahratta country in India : the forehead is moderately crefted : length of the bird nine inches and a half: bill and legs yellow : the plumage is brown, but the head and neck are black ; the laft in- clining to dulky : the greater quills are white, but black towards the tips : fecond qoills like the back : under tail coverts white : tail black, more than three inches in length ; the feathers of it decreafing in length a trifle towards the middle : the ends of all the feathers are white, but the two middle ones the leaft in proportion, being only tipped with while. Gracula Atthis, Ind. Orn. i. p. tpz. 10. Quil'cale Atthis, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 321. Egyptian Grakle, Gtn. Syn. ii. p. 466. 9. 'T' HE only reprefentation I have ktn of this, is among the drawings of the late Mr. Bruce: the colour of the plumage is green, but on the ears, the axilla:, and under parts, a purpliih blue : tail blue green : bill and legs black. This is faid to inhabit Ahyjftniai where it is known by the name of Waria *. C I Z E of the laft : bill black : irides ftraw colour : head deep afh colour : body green, ending in a point on the breaft : beneath the body dull ferruginous orange : legs black. Found in Ab^nia, with the laft Ipecies, to which it feems greatly allied. • Sonnini calls it Egyptian Ravtn. See Trav. (Engl, ed.) ii. p. z^g.^ Note •. M'^ G R A K L E. 129 GREEN 'TpHIS is fomewhat lefs than one foot in length: general colour Deicriptioh. pale dull green : the chin mottled, diilky and brown : the under parts of the body from the breaft whitilh, with a few dufky (Ireaks j wings and tail dudcy, the tirfl: edged with white, the laft even at the end, tipped with white: the bill is ftout. a litle bent at the point, and of a horn colour i tongue half lHc length of the bill, pointed at the end : Ices black. '»" Placi. Inhabits Next) IlGlland, where it is faid to be a rare bird. It is wifh no Ikrlc difficulty that we have been able to fix limits to tie genus o{ Grak!c, m re efpccially to thofe which inhabit New Hol- land : and to fav ihc trii:h, great uncertainty has arifen in rcfpedt to other ge leri alio, not only in regard to i>irds, but quac'rupedst as well as otiier chffcrs. It is true, that whenever any difficulty preftnts itfelf, it may often be obviated by creating a new genus, and many perlons are of opinion, that this is the only way to afcertain the place any individual o'ght to hold in the fyftem ; but although it may be allowed in fome inftances, it ihould be in fuch only whtre necefTity may make it unavoidable : a far better way be'ng in our opinion rather to drain a trifling point, than burthen the memory by forming numerous new genera. On this account, I venture to enumerate the following fpecies, referving to others the full right of differing in kn- timent : g BLACK- HEADED Gr. T ENGTH nine inches: bill yellow, a trifle bent, and ftouter at the Ducaij-Tiow. bafe than is ufual in the Thrujh genus, though not greatly difTi- milar : the forehead is white, but the reft of the head black : the throat, whole of the neck, and all beneath are white, but inclining to blueilh in fome parts : the back, and ail the wing ».overts, without exception, are fine pale blue grey, with a trace of white acrofs the lower part of S the ! ''M ..,..,Vit'^ " P.| w Uo Placb. 7. TIED Gr. Description. Placi. 8. BLUE-E^RED Gr. DlSCRlPTION. G R A K L E. the laft : the quills are dufky, edged with pale ruft : tail three inches in length, blueifh afh colour, fome of the outer feathers inclining to pale grey near the ends : legs longilh, fcaly, of a pale yellow oker colour ; claws dufky and (lout. Inhabits New South PFales. I ann indebted to General Davies for the knowledge of this fpecies, having been brought from Port Jackjotit by Governor King, 1 EN G T H ten inches : bill fornned as in the laft, and yellow : fore- head, chin, and throat white j alfo a trace of the fame from the nape on each fide of the neck to the bottom of it ; the reft of the head and neck are black, coming forwards on the breaft as a broad bar : the back, fecond quills, and all the outer edge of the wings, as alfo the whole of the prime quills, are black, with a tinge of blue in fome lights ; the reft of the feathers of the wing white, and when the wing is clofed, giving the appearance of two white bars conneded in the middle : the under parts from the breaft are white : tail white, the feathers pretty nearly equal in length j near the end a bar of black : legs dull Hate colour. Inhabits New South fVales, with the laft fpecies. T ENGTH eleven inches and a half: bill, forehead, crown of the head, and fides of the cheeks, black : chin, throat, and breaft lead colour : under the cheeks, fides of the neck, and all beneath from the breaft, white: at the back part of the head a crefcent of white: hind part of the neck, ftioulders, back, wings, and tail, yellowifh green: quills dark brown, with yellow margins; towards the ends grey : round the eyes a bare fpace of a bright blue colou.-: legs blue black 15 claws black and crooked. Inhabits New Holland: brought from Botany Bay, I am obliged -to General Davies for the above defcription. r C U R U C U I. .XJiNus XVIII. C U R U C U I. lit 1. 1- 1 • ■Ml The Lcverian Trogon, Lev. Muf. p. 175. pi. p. 177. 'THE bill in this bird is lead colour, paler at the tip : head, neck, and breaft Hne deep violet blue : wings black \ quills edged with white : back blueifli green, with a tinge of gold colour : the upper tail coverts filky, of a deep lucid blue green: tail black, with a greenifh caft} the feathers fquare at the ends, the middle ones flightly tipped with black 1 the two outer ones on each fide gradually fhorter, black, obliquely edged and tipped with white : belly white;, with a very flight reddilh tinge or bufF colour : legs black. Inhabits South America \ in fize about that of the Violet -headed Curucuiy to which it very nearly approaches, and may pofllbly, on future enquiry, prove to be a mere variety or fexual difference of that bird. LEVERIAN C. Description. Placb. ' I'll ''ill I'll '•: i" i^v^ S a ,1* r i r Ks^-M •ml n -.■:l! \3^. GERINPi B. DESe&i?TiON> B A R B E T. Genus XIX. B A R B E T. U-'Cco GerinJ, JnJ. €rn. i. p. 207. i^.—Ger. Orn. ii. p. rr, t. 181. , g[ I Z E of a ^hrujh : length nine inches : bill black, (lout : crown of the head blue, Ipotted with bkck in the middle j beneath the eyej, the cheeks, and fore part of the neck for half way, black: quilis black : hind part of the neck, as far as the beginning of the back, and moil part r f the bellv and vent, rufous red. The native place of this bird is luite uncertain ; I have only met with it in the engravings ofM. G^/W, who calls it a Woodpecken but the bill is large, and more like that of the Barhet, hence I have ventured to rank it in that genus. mmmm^'^wimm C U C K O W. N« Genus XX. C U C K W. I. Common C. N" 8. Blue-headed C 2. Cupreous C. 9. Pheafant C. 3. Gilded C. 10. Tippet C. 4. Honey C. 1 1 . Fan-tailed C. 5. Long-billed Rain C. I a. Glofly C. 6. Touraco C, ij. AbyinnianC* 7. Noify C. • With Four Ti»k«v Cuculug canorus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 207. i. Cuckow, Geif. Sjv.ik. p. 509. i.— / C U C K O W. with the fame beneath : the bill is pointed, and dufky ; the tongue jfharp at the end, the length of the bill : irides blue : leg., brown. Inhabits New Holland: for levcral of the iaft defcribed birds, I am indebted to Mr. Lambert, '39 Plage. • • With Three Toes only. ''Bee Ciickow, Moroc, Bruce*t Trav. App. t. p. 178. 'T*HIS bird is faid to be feven inches in itigth: the head and neck plain brown j at the bafe of the beak a number of very fmall hairs : infide of the mouth and throat yellow ; tongue fharp pointed, and capable of being drawn to almoft half its length out of the mouth : eye-brows black j bill pointed, a trifle bent : iriHcs dufky red : fore part of the neck light yellow, darker on the fides, reaching nearly to the Ihoulders : breaft and belly dirty white : the wing feathers are moftly tipped with white : the tail has twelve fea- thers, of equal length, the ends tipped with white : thighs covered . with feathers half way down the legs, which are black : the toes are only three in number, placed two before and one behind. This fpecies inhabits fuch parts of AbyJJinia where honey is chiefly produced as revenue, as ^gou^ Goufto, and Belejfen. It feeds on bees, but kills more than it eats, as numbers are found fcattered on the ground. It makes a fort of fnapping noife, when catchbg the bees, otherwife it has no note. This Mr. Bruce fuppofes to be the Cuckow of Lobo, who attributes to this bird the faculty of difcovering honey. He ridicules Dr. Sparr- many for giving an account of a fpecies o( Cuckow to which he attri- butes the fame faculty i but thefe two are very clearly diflFerent birds, therefore Mr. Bruce'% criticifms Oii Dr. Sparrman muft in courfe fall to the ground. T 1 n- ABYSSINIAN C. Description. FtACI. VMM' ■■:vfeii! .. : Mi ■ ' hi : :|J''P-' mm... 140 WOODPECKER. Genus XXII. WOODPECKER. T. CHfLI W. DtSCRIPTiON, Place. LESSER SPOTTED W. N° I. Chili W. a. Leffer fpottcd W, 3. BankW. 4. Cape W. N° 5. Yellow-headed W. 6. Guinea W. 7. Mahratta W. Picus lignarius, Jntf. Orn. i. p. 224. i.—MoUu. Nat. H. Chili, (Fr. ed.) p. 215. 'T' H IS bird is fcarcely as large as a Blackbird i it has a red-crefted crown, and the body is banded with blue and white : the bill is fo ftrong, as not only to enable the bird to make holes in decayed trees, but even in living and found ones, in which it makes the neft. It is faid from this laft circumllance to deftroy many fruit-bearing trees. Inhabits the kingdom of c;&/7/. Pkus minor^ Ind. Orn. i. p. 229. 15. Le/Ter fpotted Woodpecker, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 566. 14. — Id. Sup. p. 107. T T has been hinted to me, that there is every reafon to believe that this bird does not refemble the female parent, till after it has thrown off the rieftling feathers, as in four or five young ones brought to an intelligent naturalifl at various times, all of them had red crowns J. however, this matter could not be afcertained by difleftion. The egg of this bird and that of the li^ryneck are fo alike, as to be mif- taken for each other, but differs in weighing lefs by about four grains. We are now pretty certain that the Middle Woodpecker is only the yo.ung of the Greater Spotted Woodpecker^ both fexes having the whole of the crown red during their imperfed ftate of plumage. WOODPECKER. PIcus I'iiius, hid. Orn. i. p. 2'^^'l6. Le Pitico, Molht. Chit, (Fr. cd.) p. 216. np H I S fpeclcs is about the fize of a Pigeon : the plumage brown, fpotted with white. Inhabits Cbili : it is faid not to make the nefl:, as others of the genus, in the hollows of trees, but in thofc of the elevated banks of rivers, and to lay four eggs : the flelh is much efteemed by the na- tives, Picus capenfis, luJ. Orn. i. p. 237. 37. 0. Cape Woodpecker, Gen. Syn, ii. p. 586. 34. T N this variety, the head, neck, and under parts are pale grey ; back and wings greenifh olive brown : crown, rump, and belly crimfon : wings and tail dufky : bill and legs black. I obfcrved this among Mr. 5rtffCRtPTIOr«. Place. 4- CAPE W. Dbscriptiok* 5- YELLOW- HEADED' W. Var. DESCRIPTiaiik. S. GUINEA W. DESCRIPTlOff^- '• t'.l ^* Ml ill ih'''^- II ; '-■•/'liSI 142 Blaci. MAHRATTA W. DeSCRIPTIOM^ Flacb. WOODPECKER. body dull red, 'inclining to brown on the back: fides of the neck mixed with yellow: wings and tail dull blue; quills brown: legs pale. This was faid to inhabit Guinea^ met with only among the drawings of M, Gerini. 'Tp H I S is rather larger than the leaft fpottcd fpecies : the head yellow brown, on each fide the nape white : the body on the upper parts is black, with large fpots of white : rump white : the chin and all the under parts pale brown, with darker ftreaks down the middle of each feather : middle of the belly red : quills and tail blacky fpotted with white, three fpots on each tail feather on the outer margin. Inhabits the Mabratta country in India^-, defcribcd from a ipecimen •in the Britijh Mufeum. K I N. G S F I S H E R« «43 G E N V s XXIV. KINGSFISHER. N" I. Great brown K. 2. Coromandcl K. 3. Little Indian K. Alcedo gigantea, Ind. Orn, i. p*. 24;. i. Great brown Kingsfiflier, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 609. l.—Piill. Voy, pi. in p. iS/.-— i. Whin's Journal, pi. in p. 1 3 7. GREAT BROWW 'T'HIS inhabits New Holland^ where '\x.\% C2^td.Googo-ne-gang\ is DEJCRiiTioN. not numerous, and never feen but fingly ; feeds on infedls, worms, and fometimes feeds. The note like a laugh : the flight is flow and fhort : fometimes varies in having a little white in the. middle of the wing. Alcedo Coromanda, Ind. Orn. i. p. 252. 19. Coromandel Kingsfilher, Ind. Zool. (410.) p. 73. 9* COROMANDEL K. gIZE of a Blackbird: bill and irides rcddifli : the head, hind part Dhscriptiow. of the neck, back, wings, and tail, are of a reddifli lilac colour, glolTed with violet : the quills are much the fame outwardly, but of a yellowifli rufous colour within : on the rump is a perpendicular flireak of blueifli white: throat white: the reft of the under parts light rufous : legs reddifli. Inhabits the coaft of Coromandel. Placs. sm' 1 :M 1^^ KINGSFISHER. LITTLE INDIAN K. .DE8CR1PTI0''T, /Place. Alcedo Bengalcnfig, Ind. Orn. i. p. 254. 25. Little Ii\dian Kingsfiiher, Gfff. <^7/. ii. p. 6ji. 21. "IN Vofmaer s Monogr. 1768, t. iv. are two KingsfiJherSt which feem to belong to this or the blue-headed fpecies, both are rufous yellow, more or lefs, but one of them has a blue back : fize of our European fpecies. Among the drawings of my late friend Frederick Pigou, efquire, I obftrved a bird of this fort called Taaou-yu-tchinj fignifying a catcher of filh : this is greenilh grey, has a white patch under the ear : the under parts of the body dull red : fecond quills blue : tail duAcy : bill red brown : legs lead colour. Inhabits China, NUTHATCH. "45 GiNus XXV. NUTHATCH. N' I. Carolina N. 1. Lead N. 3. Orange-winged N. Sitta Carolinenfis> Ind. Qrn.\. p. 262. 3. Grey black-capped Nuthatch, Barir. Trav. p. 287. T N a manufcript of the late Mr. Hutcbinst relating to quadrupeds of Hudfon^s Bay, I find one defcribed, v CAROLINA N. DeSCRU'TION. the birds and quadrupeds of Hudfon^s Bay, I find one defcribed, which feems to be clearly this : the length is five inches ; weight two drams troy j breadth feven inches and an half: bill black ; head, throat, and bread glofly black : belly mottled with black, orange, and white : b?ck dun black, with faint orange ftreaks : near the junfbion of the wings, arc long feathers of a bright orange, not unlike a Ihoulder-knot, which pafs down on the fides and end on the thighs, where they are pale : leffer wing coverts black j the greater are brown, tinged with red : quills brown ; vent white : the two middle tail feathers are brown, the two next with an orange fpot on the outer web j the other fix arc orange tipped with brown : legs black. Inhabits Hudfon's Bay, Sitta Pufilla, Ind, Orn. i. p. 263. 5. Leaft Nuthatch, Gt/t. Sy/t.ii. p. 651. C— / N. '• ■ ' Description. CIZE o( tht Surinam NiUbaUb : general colour of the plumage on tlie upper parts dull afh colour, the under blueifh white ; rump and upper tail coverts of this lad colour: quills and tail brown : the bafe of the quills, for two-thirds of the length, are orange colour j all but the two middle tail feathers tipped with dulky white : biilbrowat irides reddiih : legs lead colour. Pi.ACF. \n\ub\t5 New Hollam/. Mr, Lambert, Pi.c3acvii. s _ II i ^ » r» ■ ■ » '•':'. ifi > -'.. ■•*¥v TODY. Genus XXVI. TODY. H7 N^ I. Yellow-bellied T. 2. Red-breaded T. Todus flavigafter, InJ. Orti. i. p. 268. 15. C 1 Z E of the Brown Tody : length fix inches : bill fhort, broad, and pale coloured, with a few bridles at the bafe : the head, chinj and all the upper parts of the plumage afli colour, or brownidi j the wings deeped, but the middle of them paler : tail even at the end ; the wings when clofed reach to about the middle of it: all the under parts, except the chin, are yellow : legs dulky. Inhabits New Holland, CIZE of the Telloiv Hammer: the bill is ftout and broad, furnifticd with fome bridles at the bafe : the tongue bifid, the points on each fide of the cleft are a little divided or feathered : the crown is rather full of feathers : the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts is a Hate-coloured grey : wings and tail brown : throat and bread orange, from thence to the bread nearly white : legs fiender and dufky. Inhabits New South Wales, where it is not plentiful, at lead not above two or three have been fecn of the kind. I. YELLOW BELLIED T. Description. Place. 3. RED- BREASTED T. Description* Place. * ' I'll if -la ■ 'mmm "mm 'A U 2 m8 BEE EATER. Genus XXVII. BEE EATER. EUROPEAN B.£. DtiCMrriON. Placi. Manniri. N" I. European B. E, 2. Red -winged B. E. 3. Yellow-tufted B. E. 4. Wattled B. E. 5. Knob-fronted B. E. 6. Superb B. E. 7. Eaftern B. E. 8. Blue green B. E. 9. Hooded B. E. N* 10. Golden-winged B. E. 11. Black-eared B. E. 12. Black and yellow B. E. 13. Blue-cheeked B. E» 14. Chattering B, E. 15. Cowled B. E. 16. Variegated B. E. 17. White-fronted B. E» 18. Red-throated B. E. Merops apiafter, !nd. Orn. i. p. 169. x.^Vofm. Monog. 1768. p. 6.— .G*r. Orru V. t. 494 — Schift. d. Btrl. Ge/ell/ch. iii. S. 194. (Schrank.) Bee-eater, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 667. ^.—IJ. Sup. p. 1 19. T"* H E male has the forehead to the middle of the crown green ; the reft of the head, back of the neck, upper part of the back, wing coverts, fine rufous i lower part of the back yellowifli : (boulders and lefler wing coverts green : quills and tail green. In the femakj only the forehead is yellow green ; crown rufous : the reft of the upper parts browr'fli green; in other things, both are alike, except the two middle tail feathers, which exceed the reft more in the male than the female. The Bee-eater is common in Egypt* ^ where it is called MelinO'Orgbiy (Bees Enemy) and is eaten for food. At the Cape of Good Hopey this bird is called the Gnat-Jnappefy as obferved by Kolben f, who adds, that the note is not fo fine as that of Ztmuni's Trav, iii. p. 318. t Hijh Cape, ii. p. 154. Titit- BEEEATER. 149 a Tttmouje^ and that it is a guide to the HottentotSy by direfling them to the honey, which the bees lay up in the clefts of the rocks. The Bee-eater has been obferved at Maltijhal, in Norfolk^ in a flock, about twenty in number ; and one of them Jhot by the reverend George Smithy which was exhibited to the Linnaan Society. This flock pafled near the above place in Juney and again, on their return in October fol- lowing, 1793, but in reduced numbers. Merops erythropterus, Ind. Orn,\. p. 274. 15. 2. Red-winged Bee-eater, Gen. Syn. ii. p. 681. 14. pi. 31. RED-WINGED B. E. T HAD an opportunity of examining feveral of • thefc which were Description. in the pofleffion of J. JValcoty efquire j one of which he added to my collection. The general length fix inches and a quarter : the tail a trifle forked; the two middle feathers of the fame colour as the bark j all the others reddifh orange, with du£ky ends ; the outer feathers, as well of the tail as of the wings, greenifh brown out- wardly : the fecond quills and wing coverts alfo the colour of the back : through the eye, and pafllng under it, is a black ftreak ; chin and throat yellow j beneath thefe a triangular fpot of black j from thence to the vent rufous bay ; legs weak and brown. Merops fafciculatus, Ind. Orn. 1. p. 275. 19. y. VPW nw Yellow tufted Bee-eater, Gen. Sjn. ii. p. 683. 18. Var.— Z)/>o»*/ Foy. p. 357. TUFTED P'« 19- B. E. Var. a. 1 N this variety, the plumage did not differ from the general colour; DsjeaiPTioM but the ends of all the tail feathers -were white. ilil m Iflii •' llJ*^ »r it ''fill w Var. B. AMONG thefe birds, I have remarked another variety, which Discru-tjon differed in having the tail feathers wholly black, and the fides under the winss rufous. ISO BEE EATER, WATILED B.E. Description. Mcrops carunculatus, /« /^i Pl.CXXYUI, Wii$^^<^ A X c r>,//r vv- taaniiH. ^1 B E E - E A T E R. pale brown : forehead dufky : neck and under parts white, a llttl<* mottled with dufky, moft fo on the throat and bread : thighs barreil dufky and white : acrofs the crown of the head black, pafl;ngon each fide behind the eye, and bending down on each fide below the ears ; within this, behind and clofe to the eye, a round fpoc of yellow : the wiiigs arc black, but the greater part of the prime quills are yellow, with dufky or black ends : the tail is long and cuneiform, the feathers dufky, tipped with white : legs ftrong and yellow. This bird inhabits New South fFaleSy and is faid to be a noify chat- tering fpecies, infomuch as to give the alarm in the manner of the Jay, fo as to prevent the fportfman getting a fhot at the Pattegorang, npHIS Is a large fpecies : the bill ftout and bending, colour black j tongue very briftly at the end, appearing like a brufh : the head and part of the neck are black, and covered with a fort of down : the nape at the back part is elongated with a kind of briftly tuft . the hind parts of the neck and back are brown, the firft motded with a paler colour ; the under parts white, marked on the chin and throat with dufky fagittal flreaks : quills and tail dark brown : legs dufky blue. This is found about Port Jackfon, in New Holland, in January. The hind head projefting, and being of a black downy texture, giving the refemblance of a cowl or hood, has occafioncd it to be called a Friar, The natives call it IVergan, 'TpHIS is fomewhat bigger than the Red-winged Bee eater : the bill black : legs dufky : top of the head and nape dull orange, the middle of the feathers darker ; through the eye from the bafc of the 4}ill a broAd black flreak, continuing a good way beyond it, and X 2 ending »53 PLfCE. COVVLKD B.ii. Description^, Pl ACB. 10. VARIEGATED B. E. DiiSCRIPTlON. 1 ,1, I. ■Ml ■¥-:4 '■ t V ( 1 * I { ,1 !5<> BEE-EATER. i: PlKCt^ WHITF FKONrED B.fc. DiJCRimoK. ending in a pomt j beneath this a ftreak of pale blue : chin orange yellow : on the rhroat a triangular patch of black j from thence to the belly, the parts are yellow, but the belly itfelf, the thighs, and vent are blueifli white : the back part of the neck and wing coverts are green : back mixed green and brownilh orange ; lower part of it and rump blue : the middle part of the wing has (^otr.e frries of fea- thers green, with fulvous margins, and others wholly fulvous: quills green outwardly and black within ; the fecond quills edged with yellow : the two middle tail feathers prolonged to double the length of the ethers, as in feveral of the genus, the additional part being very narrow, and furnHhedwith very flender webs, the colour of them blue; the other feathers of the tail chefnut. This is faid to be the ma/e bird ; I met with it in the colledion of General Davies. In Mr. Lambert*^ collcftion of drawings, I obferved one of thefe which I fufpeft to be the other fcx. In this the fore- head to the middle of the crown is blue, the nape only being dull orange, which laft colour alfo occupies the chin : the black through the eye, the blue beneath, and patch on the throat, the fame as in the other; the back brownilh green: rump blue : the two middle tail feathers as in the other : the reft black : the wing coverts like tlie back ; the reft of the wing varied not unlike the other, but lefs bril- liant. Inhabits New South ff'ales, where it is known by the name of Dee-weed-gattg. 'T'HE male is about eight inches in length: bill brown; tongue longer than the bill: the back and wings are of a fine rufous, but the forehead and all the under parts are white; the feathers of the latter marked down the fhafts with a black line, as are alfo th* rufous feathers above ; between the bill and eyes, fides of the head. the B E E - E A T E R. the crown and nape, wholly black : fides of the body under the wings marked with five dark blueifli bands: quills and tail pale blue, marked outwardly orv the edges with white fpots, within darker ; the tail even at the end, or a trifle rounded, the wings reaching thereon to about the middle : legs yellow brown. The female, or one fiippofed to be fo, was brown on the back antl wings, and dirty yellowifli v/hite beneath, with dafiiesdown the fhafts, as in the nia/e : the forehead is brown and white fpotted ; the reft: of the head brown, where in the male it is black : the tail feems (horter than in the maley and appears in the drawing to be wholly fpotted with dirty yellow and brown, or rather dirty yellow, with the brown fpots in bars : bill and legs as in the male. I am obliged to General Davies for the above defcriptions, having made drawings of them from fpecimens in the pofleffion of Captain Kifigi which were brought from Port Jack/on, in AV«; South fVales, Red-throated Bee-eater, Nat, Mlfe. 9. pi. 337. CI ZE a trifle Icfs than the common fpecies : general colour on the upper parts black : the forehead fine blue, pafling a little way over the eyci behind the eye a patch of the fame: the fore part of the throat and neck of a fiery red : rump blue, marked with fpots of black : belly clouded blue and black : fome of the quills and tali feathers have blue edges ; the bafe of the greater quills ferruginous, forming a patch of that colour on the wings j the wings when clofed reach but little beyond the bafe of the tail, which is even at the end, or nearly fo. Inhabits Sierra Leona in Africa, 157 Placb. 1 3. RED- THROATED B. R. Description. ^■1 A ir ' .«ilV* Pi f 't y J i. PlAC£. LUllJJ i5« CREEPER. Genus XXIX. CREEPER. AFRICAN CR. Var. Description* N^ I. Africaner. 2. PolifliedCr. 3. Fulvous Cr. 4. Sugar Cr. 5. Cinereous Cr. Var. A, 6. Red-backed Cr. 7. Ignoble Cr. 8. Undulated Cr. 9. New Holland Cr. 10. New Caledonian Cr. 11. Red-fpotted Cr. 12. Peregrine Cr. 13. Gartered Cr. 14. Cupreous Cr. 15 Blue-throated Cr. 16. WrenCr. 17. Green -winged Cr. x8. Cnnnfon-beHied Cr. N" 19. 20. 21. ^3' 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30' 31- 32. 33- 34- 35- Leona Cr. Mahratta Cr. Black-eyed Cr. Slender-billed Cr. Dirigang Cr. Chirping Cr. Mellivorous Cr. Black-headed Cr. Sanguineous Cr. Cochineiil Cr. Hoary Cr. Yellow-winged Cl*. Agile Cr. Ca^rulean Cr. Ycllow-eared Cr. Red-rumped Cr. Black-fronted Cr, Certhia afra, /W. Orn. i. p. 286. 18. Var. ^. Trochilus varius, Gmei. Syft. i. p. 492.— iV/fl«r/. Phy/. Arh. i. i. p. 75. Certhia bifafciau, Spalvwjk. Vog. 3. tab. 22. ^ H I S is four inches and an half long, and about the fizc of the thumb : bill and legs black : the general colour of the plumag* green gold j the under parts brownifli white : the quills are pale brown i upper tail coverts blue green : tail an inch and a half I long, ml CREEPER. long, brown, glofled with green j all of ^the feathers, except the two middle ones, whitifli at the ends : acrofs the breaft two bands, the one of blue, the other fanguineous. In Spalowjki'% figure of this bird, a blue band crofles the middle of the crimfon one. ^19 Certhia polita, Ind. Orn. i. p 487. tg.—-Mu/. Carl/./a/c. Hi. t. 59. 'T'HIS is five inches long: the crown, fhoulders, and leiTer wing coverts purple, glofled with gold : upper part of the throat and neck black, beneath thefe violet purple j beyond this is a deep purple band, feparating the above-mentioned parts from the belly, which is dufky brown: at the bend of the wing, a tuft of yellow feathers: tail black ; the outer feathers ferruginous on the outer margins and tips r bill and legs black. POLISHED CR. Description. Certhia fulva, Ind. Orn, i. p. 287. 20.-^Maert. Tbyf.Arb.x. i.p. 76* 'TT H I S is rather more than five inches long : bill and legs horn co- lour : the plumage for the mod part fulvous : quills and tail featliers black above, and brownifli beneath : tail about two inches in length. Inhabits South America ; and is faid to be of the fize of a Finch. FULVOUS CR. Description. Place. Certhia afiattca, Ind. Orn. i.. p. 288, zx. 4- SUGAR CR. '. IPTIO."* 'y Ills is about four inches in length : bill and legs black : general desc. colour of the plumage deep blue : wings deep brown. Inhabits India, where it is called Sugar-eater, From the drawings Place. of Major Rok, ts. i6o CREEPER. CINEREOUS CR. Var. A. Certhia cinerea, /»: f^j^ ^' W^ '> •^' A>^ .^ v.. y .^ '^ om 7 J Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 »^ -ST MAIN ST»f 2T WrnSTER.K.Y. 145«lO y716) 872-4503 ■ Ki in *;!' K'^IH ■* P'^'Pm I' ^ liBH % , m 'III p W' ^H^'li Wk' Jwi w It (|^Hfl|: ^B Mr \Mmm m pi.cxxrxi. '^^^^j»i VuJ>lith'd (Lt thtAe4 liu-taU Jlla^ jc. ISCI- bi/.heioh t-' ■•I'othfJn/ k tPen yirtr ,tir*tt. OiftiU Otuvlm . '; c> ■ CREEPER. the others are violet : on rach fide of the bread under the wing is a tuft of yellow fcatliers, as in fome others of this genus. Inhabits the Mahratta country in India^ and is in tlie Brit'tjh Mu- Jeiim; it feems allie.l to the Jfiatic Creeper ^ Ind. Orn. N' 122. ^HIS Is more than feven inches in length: the bill one inch long, curved half way from the point, and black : legs brown : the tongue longer than the bill, and fringed at the point: the plu- mage on the upper parts is mottled brown : the forehead, lore, and all the under parts are white ; before the eye, between that and the bill, begins a black band, which pafles through the eye, growing broader, after which it narrows to a point, and ends on each fide of the breaft:. Inhabits Nezv South IVales : faid to be fond of honey, and alfo to feed on flies : in a fecond of ihefe birds, the forehead differs in not being white, but the lore is black, pafling under and a little way beyond the eye. T ENGTH rather more than fix inches: bill one inch and a quarter long, very flender, and moderately curved j tongue longer than the bill, and fringed at the end : the crown of the head is black, taking in the eyes on each fide, and palTing in a broad band quite to the bread : the back, wing coverts, and rump are pale flaty grey : quills and tail black, the laft fomewhat cuneiform : the chin is very pale rufous, and from that to the breaft white ; the rufous colour furrounded with a crefcent of black, with the horns pointing up- wards. . Inhabits JVJrw .S'c///^ ^«/w, and is a beautiful fpccies. ' • / 165 Flags. 21. BLACJv-EYED LK. D fi S C K 1 P T 1 N . Pl ACE- 22. SLENDER- BILLED CR. Descriptiok. t i ', in . m 1 :, ■■ I ■ ",H V '< f. fJ( .^:*'!:f t J '' i * ■'■'''! ' • j ■: 'i ' 1 ' 'H.^ ;''!' *' ,r* ' . \ If < i . ? i; 1 u Placb. If;' 166 23- DIRIGANG CR. Descriptiok. Place. 24 CHIRPING CR. Desckiption. Pl ACE. CREEPER. T N fize this fpecies fomewhat exceeds our Common Creeper : plu- mage above pale olive or greenifh brown ; beneath white, inclining to dufky on the belly : on the forehead and crown are a few fhort, tranfverfe, black lines: under the eye a patch of yellow, and behind it another of a reddifli colour : at the bend of the wing a few pale fpots : bill and legs dufl! 1 iBl i i Tuilu •lid ,U' tjLtAet dUrcaUJila.y ■ V M, ill i,L:|..| 1 . 1 f • '1 ' 1 ■ ^'.'a \ . '*» 1 ■ ■ ! J::M till'.' \M tl'''r I: '^. ft' ' iiif vv 1 M mi'i' i68 Place. 29. IIOARY CR. DESCRIPTION. Place. 30. YELLOW. WINGED CR. Description Place. AGILE CR. DaSCRIPTlON. Place. .CREEPER. - Inhabits New South Wales i feen only in the Tpring, and is a rare fpecies. T ENGTH eight inches: body flate coloured above, white be- neath, inclining to role coloured purple on the breaft : quills and rail dufky : bill ftout and black ; tongue briftly : on the wing coverts a few rrarkings of white : legs brov/n. Inhabits iV 1 :;'1 1-..I ,1 'f V ■' .::i.i' .1- ■iU'b : 1: f' ii til' 174 STARLING. iii Order III. PASSERINE. HI'*:!-''*' Genus XXXI. STARLING. N° I. Perfian St. 2. Magellanic St. N" 3. Dauurian St. lit J if' ml ■ "' I. PERSIAN ST. Description, Place. 2, MAGELLANIC ST. Description. Place. Sturnus moritanicus, Itiei. Qrn. i. p. 325. 11.— 5, G. Gmel, It. \v. p. 174.— Pall. n. Nord. Beytr. iv. p. 52. Etourr.eau more, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 302. npHIS is about the fize of the Skylark: the tip of the bill is black : general colour of the plumage afli colour : fore part of the head and the throat mixed with white : the belly fpotced with rufous. Inhabits the alpine parts of Perfta ; makes the neft in the hollows of rocks, and lives on infedts. Sturnus Loyca, Ind. Orn. \. p. 325. 12. militaris, Ind. Orn. i. p. 323. 4 ? — Daud. Orn. ii. p. 305. Magellanic Stare, Gen. Sjn, iii. p. 7. C I Z E of the common Starling : general colour mixed brown and whitilh: bread crimCon : female pale greyj breaft crimfon, but of a much paler colour. Inhabits Cbili', makes the neft in the hollows of the earth, lays three grey eggs, varied with brown j faidto fing fweetly, is eafily tained, ;ind cfteemed much by the natives, who entertain fome fuperftitious ideas in refpeft to its fong, but likewifc value it on account of the beauty of its feathers, with which they form aigrettes. It may poflibly be 5 a variety STARLING. a variety of our Magellanic Stare i but no mention is made of the crimfon lore, or fpots on or near the eyes. Sturnus Dauur'icus, Ind.Orn. i. p. 325. 13. — Pall. ASl, Stock, 1778. iii.p. 198. Etourneau de la Daourie, DauMn. Orn. ii. p. 302. nr H I S is about fix inches in length : the bill black, rather (horter and more bent than iifual in the genus : irides brown ; before and over the eyes a white ftreak : general colour of the body violet black ; beneath cinereous white : the head and nape blueilh white ; on the crown of the male a violet black, ftripe, which is brown in the female : the wing coverts black glofled with green : quills black ; the two inmoft white at the tip, the reft outwardly are tipped with white : tail fomewhat forked j the coverts of it violet j the feathers of the tail greenifti black : legs blue black. Inhabits in the willow beds of Dauuria^ feeding on both vegeta- bles and infe(fls j lays three eggs, of a ferruginous colour, tinged with blue. 175 DAUURIAN S'i". Descripi iOJt, Fl.ACV. '1i>'f?iM' II! tl- ■■''H ^ I.' i -,, 1" ' ■■.■ im' M ■'■'■lit' h- ir a i:":< ^ 'I ' i^ ■ 'fit: > t n ;'(■' m t V ' I .ill n I f m iy6 THRUSH. ■■'.'< I'll It:' 'i! . /* 1. SONG THR. Description. N Genus XXXII. THRUSH. • I. Song Thr. N» 18. PrafineThr. 2. Penriih Thr. 19. Volatile Thr. 3- Red-legged Thr. 20.. Blue-cheeked Thr. 4- New Zealand Thr. 21. Brown-crowned Thr. 5- Thenca Thr. 22. Lunulated Thr. 6. Chili Thr. 23. Sooty Thr. 7' Ceylon Thr. 24. Black l^rowed Thr. 8. White- rum ped Thr, 25. Fly-catching Thr. 9- Ethiopian Thr. 26. Blue-headed Thr. lO. Minute Thr. 27. Maxillary Thr. II. Rcftlefs Thr. 28. Frivolous Thr. 12. Black- eyed Thr,' 29. Sordid Thr. 13- Doubtful Thr. 30. Short-winged Thr. 14. Dilute Thr. 31. Yellow-bellied Thr. '5- Guttural Thr. 32. Pundlated Thr. 16. Harmonic Thr. 33, Afiatic Thr. 17- Port Jackfon I'hr. Turdus muficus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 327. z.-^Ger. Orn. iii. pi. 290. 291. 292. 'rhroltle, or Song Thrufh, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 18. 2. — Bohon's Brit. Birds, pi. 5. 6. THIS bird is known in fome parts of Hampjhire by the name of Storm-Cockt as is alfo the Mijfel 'Thrujh \ is a more hardy bird than the Redwings which in hard froft is obferved firft to fuffer from it ; and in defeft of other food, both this and the Mijjel thriijh .ue known . to live on the roots of Arum^ which they break from the ground with tneir bills, as well as fhell fnails, mifleltoe, and ivy berries. In -THRUSH. 177 In Ray's letters, page 137, a bird is mentioned by the name of * , Heath ThroftUt taken from the Epitome of Hujbandry, the author of which firft noticed it. Mr. Ray fuppofes it to be the Ring Ouzelf as that bird is called Heath Throfi/e, in Craveft j be this as it may, the late Mr. Lewin fhewed me a pair of thrufhes fimiiar to tlie Song Thrujh in colour, but they were darker, and the tail feemed rather Ihorterj thefe were fhot near Dart/ord in Kent j I remember to have » \< made fome remarks upon thefe birds at the time, but having miflaid • \ them, I cannot venture here to fay more on the fubjedt. '' PENRITH OUZEL. OIZE fuperior to the common PFater Ouzel: head, wings, upper Description. part of the body, and tail dufky : chin and throat white, at the bottom of the laft a bar of dufky : bread, belly, and thighs white, / ' ■with fhort black ftrcaks pointing downwards, more numerous towards the lower belly and thighs : vent rufty yellow, croiTed with bars of black : legs rufty yellow. This is faid to be found about Penriib; given to Mr. Pennant, by Place. MKs Calvin*. Turdu3 Flutnbeus, /ff^. Orn. i. p. 334. 29. - Le Thili ou Chili, ikfc//«. C/^;7. (Fr. ed.) p. 230. Red-legged Thruih, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 33. 29. , nr H E male of this fpecies is wholly black, and h.is a cuneiform tail j under the wings a large fpot of yellow. The female is grey, paler on the under parts j between the bill and eye a black patch ; chin white, with black markings, fometimes wholly black : tail feathers dulky, the four outer ones white at the tips : bill, eyelids, irides, and legs orange red. * I took the above account out of the late Mr. Pennaiit*s notes, of a journey from Donutting to Aljlen Mm; in which 14 painted a figure of the bird* Mr. Pennant thought it to be a new fpecies. Supp. II. A a This RED-LEGGED THR. Description, '^ f iff : M ";^ I lis " • (*' I' '1 ! \ J' I; *) ■!■ '-l ' Hill % ■«, ' i| AT A t'I.Mi 17? I u i ^i'-!5 ■ < 1 if. I*'!!' Place. 4- NEW ZEALAND THR. Description. Placi. THRUSH. This fpecies inhabits Chili: makes the neft of twigs by the river fides, mixed with mud, and lays four eggs. Its fong is excellent;, but the bird does not bear confinement. It is a very numerous fpe- cies, occafioned perhaps by its flefh being unfavoury, and therefore not fought after. Turdus audralis, Ind. Orn. i. p. 338. 43.— iW«/: Carl/.fafc. iii. t. 6g. CIZE of the Song ^brujh: bill and legs black: the general colour of the plumage is dufky black : breaft and belly white, but the bafe of tlie feathers are black. Inhabits New Zealand^ l^t] it' ' '' 111 n w THENCA THR. J3lSCRlPTI0N. PtAtl. 5. CHILI THR. DlSCHIPTIOK* Turdus Thenca, I-nd. Orn. i. p. 339, 46.»Afo/rn. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. £3U CIZE of the Mocking Thrujh : bill, irides, and legs brown : general colour of the plumage cinereous, fpotted with brown and white : breaft and belly pale grey : quills and tail white at the ends. Inhabits Chili r makes a cylindrical neft, a foot long, defended on the outfide with thorns, within lined with wool and feathers, with a fmall entrance on one fide ; lays four white eggs fpotted with brown.. It poflibly may hereafter prove a variety of the Mocking Thrujb. Turdus curseus, /« ' ,, r, Inhabits New Holland^ laid to be a reftlefs fpecies. v, : V !;• ^ . J^ENGTH eight inches: bill ftout, flightly curved; tongue briftly at the tip: the crown of the head and under parts of the body are yellow: the forehead mottled with duflcy : nape, wings, and tail rufty brown, the two laft margined with yellow : from the gape fprings a black ftreak growing broader, furrounding the eye, and 181 Place, 10. MINUTE THR. Descriptiom. t\. RESTLESS THR. Description, Flack 12. BLACK-EYED THR. DESCr.IPTIOK. f'i^il ' 't> i; V ■«■ I M It2 !M J f i,1 «i .'; If Place. 13- DOUBTFUL THR. Description* Flaci. 14. DILUTE THR, DfilCRIPTIOK. Place. GUTTURAL THR. DlSCRIPTION. Place. 16. HARMONIC THR. Description. THRUSH. and defcending on each fide below it, growing more narrow ; juft witliin at the bottom part is a fmall fpot of yellow : tail moderately long ; the wings reach only to the bafe of it : bill and legs brownilh. Inhabits New South PTales* T ENGTH nine inches: bill one inch long, blueifli : tongue briftly at the end : plumage blueifli black, beneath wiiite : quills and tail brown, the laft rather long : legs duflcy. Inhabits New Hollattdt and is a bird of a dull uninterelling appear- ance. 'T^ H E bill in this fpecies is ftraight and blueifh : the head, neck, and rump are pale blue grey : back and wings pale brown : the under parts of the body blueifli white : tail duflcy pale brown : legs blueifli. Inhabits New Holland, CIZE of the Ceylon Thrujh, and fomewhat relembles it in figure : the head is black, reaching forwards as far as the breafl^ but the chin is white, and the nape inclines to yellow : back and wings green : breaft:, belly, and vent yellow : bill and legs black. Inhabits New Holland ; not unfrequcntly fcen at Port Jackjon in the winter months. J ENGTH nine inches: bill and legs horn colour : plumage on the upper parts pale brown, on the under whitifli, with a flender brown line down the fliaft of each feather : wings and tail dulky black. Inhabits u 1 81 Placs. «7- THRUSH. Inhabits New Holland: called from its note, which is harmonious, the Port Jack/on Thrujhi but fecms different from the following one, which goes by tlut name in JVbite\ Voyage, Port Jackfon Thrufli, Whitens Foy. pi. in p. i e;. PORT JACKSON , THR. 'T'HE top of the head in this bird is blucnfligrcy; from thence Descriptiow. down the hind part of the neck and the back, the colour is a fine chocolate brown : the wings and tail are lead colour j the edges of the feathers pale ; the tail itfelf pretty long, and even at the end : all the under parts from chin to vent are dufky white, except the middle of the neck juft above the bread, which inclines to chocolate : the bill is of a dull yellow: legs brown. This is faid to inhabit the neighbourhood of Port yackfon^ in New Place. South Wales, i8. PRASINE THR CIZE of a Song Thru/h: bill dufky, both mandibles fomewhat Dbscriptiow. curved : general colour of the plumage pale flaty blue, marked on the wing coverts with black j the inner part of the quills is alfo black : chin white : belly dirty pale yellow oker colour : below each ear a large oval patch of black : the tail is wholly black : legs dufky yellow. Inhabits New^ South Wdes j met with in the month of Becemher, Place. VOLATILE THR T ENGTH nine inches: fliape flender: bill rather flight and Descriptiom. black: the head, neck, upper parts of the body and tail are black J the under parts of the body white : tail long, and even at the end, and the wings when clofed reach to the middle of it : legs flender, - dufky. • Inhabits various parts of New Holland^ and is not uncommon; Placi, obfcrved in company with another of the Grojheak genus, to hover frequently * • i^^ iiri 1 ^'' M :■ '1 I: If .1 1t 'li m 1 1 * i 1 I H*i'ii i'^"::i| > ■ A ■ \ 't W- * 184 20. BLUE- CHE IKED THR. DESCaiPTION. Place. 21. BROWN- CROWNED THR. Description. Place. 22. LUNULA.TED THR. Description Place. THRUSH. frequently about two feet from the ground, making fudden darts at fomethinff, which on more minute attention was found to be a fort of worm, which this bird by a chirping note and tremulous motion of the wings, with the tail widely expanded, feemed to fafcinate or entice out of its hole in the ground. The account adds, that the bird itfelf is in its turn frequently fafcinated by a Snake; but this circumftance we have reafon to fuppofe is not peculiar to this fpccies, as we find it recorded of other birds. C I Z E of the Miffel T'hru/h : length twelve inches : plumage above pale green j beneath pure white : the eye placed in the fore part of an oval patch of blue : quills dull ruft colour : tail rounded or flightly cuneiform : bill and legs flate colour. Inhabits New Hclland, where it is rare : has a Angular whiftling note, and is often fcen purfuing fmaller birds. ^ HIS fpecies is about fix inches long : bill pale blue : legs black : back and wings black; but the quills are edged with white: the chin is black> from thence to the vent white j but the fides of the body next the wings, and the crown of the head, are brown. Inhabits New Holland > frequently feen about I^ort Jackfotii in New South Wales, C I Z E of a Miffel ^hrujbt but of a ftoutcr make : bill black, rather bent towards the tip : legs pale, inclining to yellow : tongue fiiort, briftly at the end : the plumage on the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail are brown j beneath from the chin to the vent white, every where marked with crcfcents of black : tail fhort. Inhabits New South Wales* ',;i'.i THRUSH. CIZE of the Song 1'hrujh : bill pale, in fliape mucii like that of the common 'Thrujh i tongue fliarp at the tip : the general colour of the plumage is dark greenifli brown : chin, and fore part of the neck pale grey ; the bread marked with large dufky fpots : tail even at the end : legs yellow. Inhabits I^ew Holland. CiZE of the lafl : plumage in general pale oHve brown, paler beneath ; wings and tail darkeft : the crown of the head appears remarkably flat, rifing fcarcely above the level of the bill j between the noftrils and eye, the parts rife into a fort of yellowifli creft, margined above with black } behind the eye a roundifh crimfon fpot, cciged with black - bill and legs red. Inhabits New South fFalesy where it is known by the name of Dilbong : defcribed from a drawing of Mr. Lambert. CIZE of a Song Thrujh : length ten inches : bill bent a trifle at the tip, and brown : legs brown : the head and fides of it beneath the eye, hind part of the neck and back blueifli black : chin and all the under parts white : wings and tail brown. Inhabits New South Wales ^ called there Bana-will-wiUi faid to feed QXi flies and infeSis, gIZE of the laft : bill (lout, blue ; tip black: the top of the head even with the eyes deep blue : back, wings, and tail brown j the quills darkeft, tipped with white : the under parts of the body from Supp. IL B b the 185 SOOTY THR. Description. Pi ACB. 24. BLACK- BROWED THR. Descriptiow. Place. 25. FLY. CATCHING THR. DESCRIPTIOIf. Flack. •1 26. BLUE-HEADED THR. Description. ■ ''11 < lit, 9 't \ ». I -"it: \-'{ i86 THRUSH. Place. the chin yellowifh white, croflcd with many fine lines of black next the wings : tail rounded,, the outer margins of all the feathers marked- with trianguhir fpots of white: legs blue. Inhabits New South fVales: manners and name unknown. MAXILLARY THR. DtscmPTioN. Place. 28. FRIVOLOUS THA. Dfi&cKiPTiON. Flack. 29. SORDID THR. SlIGIirTION. Placi. C I Z E of the lafl: : crown of the head black, pafllng between the bill and eye on each fide, and ending in a large patch below the jaw : hind part of the neck dull blue : back, wings, and tail brown, with a tinge of greenilh bronze on the Ihouldcrs, mixed with black and green : all the under parts of the body pale blucifli white : tail even at the end j the tips of all the feathers of it white : the bill has both mandibles (lightly curved, and brown : irides orange : legs yellow. Met with at Pm Jackfont in Niw Holland.. CIZE of the others: bill black: legs lead colour: the upper parts of the body and wings brown ; beneath white, inclining to rufous on the fides of the neck and breaft, and to yellow on the fides under the wings: forehead and half the crown mixed cinereous and white: quills fomewhat. paler, and the tail darker than the refl of the plu* mage -, the laft rather fhort. Found with the. former at Port Jackfon, ^HIS has a ftrong bill, of a pale blue colour: the plumage in general is greenilh afh : wings and tail black; on the outer edge of the wing a longftrcak of white j the tips of all but the two middle tail feathers white ; the wings long, reaching almoll to the end of the tail. Inhabits various parts of New HQlland^ ' ^;<:r T H R u s n. T ENGTII about ten Inches; general colour of the pluaia^c pile brown, inclining to afli colour beneath, and a little mottled on the bread : the tail is cuneiform, and pretty long, but the wings arc remarkably fliort, fcarcely reaching to the rump : the bill and legs are dufky : at the gape and before the eyes a few black bridles : irides blueifli. Inhabits New SoiUJy JVales, and is chiefly feen on the ground, or at moft taking very fliort flights, being unable to accomplifh long ones, from the Ihortnefs of the wings. CIZE of a Miffd '^hrujh : bill pale red; tongue brifl:ly: legs pale red : head, hind part of the neck and fides of the bread duflcy black : back and wing coverts greenilh brown : bread and belly olive yellow: chin, fore part of the neck and vent white: quills olive brown j the leflfer ones barrf d with black : tail olive above and pale beneath : at the back of the neck are tranfverfe black marks, and between that and the fides of the bread a few fagittal marks. Inhabits New South Wales : is migratory, coming in the fpring for the purpofe of incubation, and departing in autumn. npHIS fpecies has the upper parts pale brown, fpotted with black : the fore part as far as the bread flate colour, from thence red- di(h white : fides over the thighs and vent marked with fhort black dreaks : over the eye a white dreak : the chin is white ; below this on each fide is a rufous patch reaching behind the eye : quills and tail duiky : bill black : legs yellow. Bb a Inhabits i«7 SHOKT- WINGED THR. Dbscription. Place. 3'- YELLOW BELLIED THR. Description. Placi 32- PUNCTATED THR. DsSCKIPTIOtr. ' < i88 Place. hi 33' ASIATIC THR. Description. m * . 1 .i^ ■■ V i'ti ^iil . THRUSH. Inhabits New South Wales. For the defcription of feveral of the above, I am indebted to my friend Mr. Lamberty and for many to real fpecimens from time to time brought into this kingdom, now in pofleffion of Mr. JVilJony and others of my friends, but unfortunately in either cafe with little or no hiftory of their manners annexed. CIZE of a Nightingale : length near fix inches : bill and legs black : the head, juft including the eye, and all the upper parts of the body and vvings, are black j but the greater quills are edged with yejlow, and the leffer have white margins : the greater wing coverts have white ends, making when clofed a bar on the wing ; above this is a fhorter bar of white: all the under parts are yellow : tail dufky, inclining to olive green. In the colledion of General DavieSj who fuppofed it to come from Chinay as he met with it among other preferved birds from, that part of the world. .\ CHATTERER. 189 v. ( ■ Genus XXXllI. CHATTERER. « ■ « ' s, N° I. Carolina Ch. 2. Cupreous Ch. N° 3. Ydbw Ch. 4. Crefted Ch. i ■ * ( Ampelis Garrulus, Ind Orti. i. p. 364. 1.3. Crown Bird or Cedar Brd, 5a/7r. Tz-flv. p. 288. Chatterer of Carolina, Gen. Syi:. iii. p. 93. i. A. . A/f R. Bartram obferves that this bird is to be feen in little flocks or flights, in all the regions from Canada to New Orleans^ on the Miffiffippii but how much farther fouth and fouth-weft not certain. The longeft period of their appearance in Pennfylvaniay is in the Ipring, and firft of June) at the time when the early cherries are ripe ; alfo in the autumn, when the Cedar berries* are in perfection j and they generally arrive in large flocks. The late Mr. ^unjlall informed me, that here and there one of ihefe had not only the waxen appendages to the quills, but that three or four of the tail feathers were tipped in the fame manner: the fame circumftance happens alfo in the one which inhabits Europe t as in a bird of this kind fent to me by T)x,lJeyJhami killed in Northumber- Jandy one of the wings had eight appendages, the other fevcn, and five of the tail feathers were tipped in a funilar way ; but the fex of this bird could not be afcertained. CAROLINA * CH. Place, i*)"''^^1 ■f < I ' 'f *' 1: Juniperus Amtricon»» rV'K- 1^0 C M A T T E R E R, CUPRi'.OUS CH. .Description. Place. Ampt'lis cuprea, Ind. Om. i. p. 366 8. Cotingn. cuprea, Merrem. )c. y^i.. p. 5. t. i. f. 2. ^IZE of the Red Chatterer, with a corrcfponding bill, iind at firft fight not unlike that bird : the general colour is olive -, the featliers gloffed with copper and orange bronze at the tips : the crown is red ; cheeks orange ; the breaft and belly fanguineous, gloffed with green on the margins. On connparing it with the Red Chatterer, we further find that the feathers of the head and neck are fmaller and flifft^r than the others i thofe en the cheeks curled, on the ears full and long; and the wings a.'-e longer, for they reach above a quarter way on the tail, ■which i'j rounded at the end : legs brown. Inhabits Surinam. YELLOW CH. Description. Ampelis lutea, InJ. Om. i. p. 368. 13.— M*/! Carl/, fa/c.va. t. 70. T ENGTH fix inches and a half : bill black j at the gape a fpot of white : the body above is olive brown i beneath yellow, grow- ing white towards the vent j rump yellow: the two middle tail feathers are black, tipped with yellow, the others dulky yellow: the legs are black. We arc not told from whence the above came : the bi'.l is a trifle bent, but very fharp at the tip, appearing more like that of an Oriole than a Chapter er. CRESTED CH. Description. Place. Atnpelis criftata, /« pro- ducing a bar on the wing : breall and belly white, marked with long brown daflies : the middle of the belly and vent white : tail a trifle forked : legs brown. Inhabits I'udjon's Bq)'-, known there by the name of yJiic-koom-a j7.ujb. F'f ,; If r 1 1 J* ;i W ■ SOCIABLE GR. IT Description. Place. Loxia focia, /W. Orn. i. p. 381. 3;. * • TiflVrjn republicain, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 397. Loxia, Paterfoni's Cap. p. 133. t. in p. 126. — B:rd and iieji. CIZE of a Bulfinch: length five inches and a half: bill and lore black : the general colour of the plumage rufous brown j beneath yellow: region of the ear yellowifh: tail fliort: legs brown. Inhabits the interior parts of the Cape of Good Hope, building in vaft numbers, in one fociety, on the Mimo/a "Treesy uniting their fe- veral nefts under one common roof; and it is faid that not fewer than 800 or 1,000 form together one community ; not perhaps that this circumftance happens in one year, for they arc obferved to add to the fize of the nett from year to year, till the tree, unable to bear any further addition of weight, neceffarily falls beneath its load, when the birds are in courfe conftrained to fearch a new place of abode. Mr. Pater/on, on examining one of thefe, found many entrances, each of which formed a regular ftreet, with nefts on both fides, at about two inches diftance from each other. The matefial with which thele birds build, is called Bojhman's Grafs i and the feeds of it faid to be their principal food; but the wings and legs of infeds have been like- wife obferved in the nefts. ^ M, Daudin HI .>. r'«l GROSBEAK. M. Daitdin fuppofes the Totty Grofbeak * to be a variety, whicli I muft leave for further inveftigation. This fpecies not only is obferved to make the group of nefts on the Acacia treesy but likewife on the Aloe Dichotoma^ which grows to the ftature of a tree of no inconfiderable fize j for Mr. Barrow f mentions the circumftance of one which had fteps cut out on its trunk, to enable a perfon to climb up to obtain the neft of thefe birds. Loxia Philippina, Ind. Orn. i. p. 380. 32. Tifferin des Philippines, Daud, Orn. ii. p. 394. Baya, Berbera, &c. AJiatic Re/tarchet, ii. p. log.-^ Barlolomeo't Foj, to tht Eq/t Indies (Engl, ed.) p. 226. Philippine Groibeakj Gen, Syn. iii. p. 129. 30. "YyE, are inclined to think that this is the bird called Baya in Jndiai faid to be larger than a fparrow, having a yellow brown plumage, yellow ilh Kead and feet, light coloured bread, and a conic very thick beak j and that it is the molt docile of all birds, perching on its mafter's hand } that it builds the neft chiefly on the higheft trees> cJpecially on the Palmyra or Indian Fig Tree, preferring fuch as hang over the water ; the neft is of grafs, fliaped like a bottle with a long neck, and fufpended at the ends of the branches, the entrance from beneath ; it is faid to ufually confift of two or three chambers : fup- pofed to feed among other things on fire flies, as the remains are found in the neft ; is fo docile as to fetch and carry like a dog at command ; it lays many eggs refembling pearls, when boikd the ■white is tranfparent, and the flavour of them excellent; it has a lively note, but is rather what may be called chirping than finging i much the fame account is given by M. Bartolomeo, in the work above quoted, who adds, that tliefe birds chiefly frequent the cocoa-nut trees, in which alfo the greater part of their nefts were obferved. * Gen. Sjfi. Suf, p. 156. Supp. II. f Travels in South Africa, p. 293* Cc 193 PHILIPPINE GR. Dbscription. Um l):'!- . •■ >■ ' -'■iK'iHffi' ■K m H ■v^ 1 ,';» 194 SUMATRAN GR. DitCRIFTlON. GROSBEAK. Placz. 6. CAFFRARIAN GR. Descriptiok. Pl ACB. Loxia hypoxantha, I>i(f. Or». i. Cfl/-^". iii. t. 71. p. 384. w.—Daudiit. Oru. ii. p. 429.— -il////; C I Z E of a Tellozv Hammer : the bill and legs are of a pale colour : irides rufous : the general colour of the plumage of the upper parts is yellowilh green : the forehead and all the under parts yellow : wings duflcy black, with yellow margins : tail black alfo, even at the end, and the margins of the feathers yellow. Inhabits the rice fields of the ifland of Sumatra, from whence a fpecimen was brought, and continued alive for fometime in the col- Icftion of Count Carlfon, Loxia CafFra, M. Orn. i. p. 393. 78 •^ASi. Stock, 1784. p. 289. Fringilla CafFra longicauda, Spalo'wjk. Vog. iii. t. 42. fcm ? CIZE of the Bulfinch : bill cinereous brown: general colour of the plumage black ; with a tail longer than the body, and fome- times of double the .length : the quills are brown margined with white : wing coverts white : ihoulders crimfon : legs grey. Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope : at certain feafons the male is grey, but the female is continually of that colour : faid to build in marfhy places *. I fulped this bird to be the fame as my Orange-Mouldered Bunting, but as I do not find the bird any where figured, I cannot afcertain the circumftancej perhaps the one above referred to in Spalowfki may prove the female. Mr. Thunbergy in his travels f , talks of a bird called Langflaart, which is found in the marfhes and low fields about Sea Cow River ; likens it to a goldfinch in its red velvet or fummer drefs i but dif- * Mr. Barronjt} fays the neft is curious, compofed of grafs, plaited into a round ball, fadened between two reeds ; the entrance through a tube, the orifice of which is next the water : thought to be polygamous; for although thirty or forty ncfls are often in onr clump of reeds, never more than two males are feen amongH them. BarrowS's Trav. p. 244. t Vol. ii. p. 64. I fcring W GROSBEAK. fcring in that the tail was longer than the body : in winter the cock is grey, as the hen, who has not a long tail, is all the year round. Its flow flight, on account of the length of its tail, make it not only eafy to flioot, but in rainy or windy weather may almoit be caught with the hands j there is little doubt but that this and the foregoing arc the fame. iy5 Loxia fafciata, Ind. Orn. i. p. 395. ij.'—'Nat. Mi/c. ii. pi. 56.— Grr. Or«. iii. tab. 358. f. \./em ? Fafciated Grofbeak, Gen. Sjn, iii. p. 156. 80.— / GR. Dbscription, Place. 'S- FASCINATING GR. Description, Place. \i a : ■ \ .) ^' 1 ,i >;*,;: ,i ,;! "',■'' K«il!/ •J V 19? i6. BLACK-LINED GR. Descriptiok. Place. t7. NITID GR. DlSCRIPTION. GROSBEAK. g I Z E of a fmall Limet : general colour grey, paler beneath, crofled every where with numerous flender lines of black i between the bill and eye black, furrounding the eye, and ending in a point juft behind it : the bill is (lout, and of a fine crimfon colour : the lower part of the back and rump are alfo fine crimfon : legs pale brown. Inhabits New Soulh WaleSy where a fingle fpecimen was met with in May\ called Weehong. C I Z E of the laft, but ftoutcr in the body : the general colour of the plumage pale olive brown above, and dufky white beneath, crofled every where with fhort abrupt curved lines of black : quills and tail brown, marked with feveral bands of a darker colour : the bill, irides^ lower part of the back and rump are crimfon : legs yel- lowilh. Found in the fame place and at the fame time as the laft. 18. WAX- BILL GROSBEAK. Loxia aftrild, Ind. Orn, i. p. 376. 75. Waxbill Grofbeak, Gen. Syn. iii. p. 152. 71. 'THE amazing flocks of this fpecics may in fome degree be con- ceived, from the circumftance of fixty-three having been fliot at one difcharge of a fmall fowling-piece*. • Banvvit Tmv. p. 373. ^ PJ.CXXX1. Pubti/lld iSoi. by Lcif/h.^Ci'ihehuiL' ,i\'n i'ci'k.i'i^ftt fcirnj ihtnirn . 1 i ' V 1 ' 1 ' 1 , '•! "^ ■ 1 .ED "1 I " ■| 1 1 ; ■ :■ • ( ■ r 1 I » , iir. IP i^llii :-f..r m m I- ;tir '••.■.' J ' J ^lis^iit' f . » I ■. * '.A v< ■. » I \ I BUNTING. Genus XXXVI. BUNTING. N" I. Yellow-winged B. 2. Cirl B. 3. Crimfon B. 4. Baden B. 5. Ruddy B. 6. Ruftic B. 7. Dwarf B. N° 8. Painted B. 9. Varied B. 10. Coloured B. 1 1 . Dauurian B. 12. Yellow-browed B. 13. Luteous B. Emberiza chryfoptcra, /«i ;. ! •i: ^mn'' *i- I -^ ' til * . m m m '■ V fCO s» vCi'^i a- CRIMSON- BELLIED ^. Description. Place. BUNTING. February, fince which he has met with fevcral of both fexes, and conjedures that this fpecies breeds in thofe parts ; it cannot be won- dered how the circumftance may till now have efcaped the obferva- tions of the naf.iralift, the female being extremely like that fex of the Yellow Bunting, fo as to deceive almofl: any one. In a letter from the late Mr. Kudfon, he fays : I am convinced that I faw in Devon/hire, in pretty good plenty, the Ember. Cia or Foolijh Bunting, and which might before then have been miftaken for the hen of a Yellow Bunt- ing ; but on my relating this to Colonel Montagu, he fays he has never met with it, which he moft likely muft have done had it inhabited thofe parts, and where the Colonel has reilded himfelf for a long time pail. Emberua coccinea, Ind. Orn, i. p. 410. i\.—NaSur/or/ch. xiii. p. 199. (Sanders.) C.I Z E of the Yellow Hammer : the bill, head, eyes, and a fmall llreak beneath the bill are black : hind head and tail black glofTed with blue : the upper parts of the body are filvcry grey, the under crimfon : vent white : on the wings a fpot of white. Inhabits the woods of Badent in Germcny, feeds on hemp feeds. BADEN B. DSJCRIPTIOK. Emberiza Badenfls, Ind, Orn. i. f. 41 1. 39. — Naturforfcb. xiii. p. 198. (Sandtrs.) ^^ HIS has much affinity to the Olii/e Bunting ; is almofl; a fpan long, and in brs.'adth rather more : die bill is black, beneath it yellowifh, in the middle of the upper mandible a fingle fl:out inden- tation j noft:rils covered with feathers: the general colour cf the plumage is olive ftreaked with dufky, beneath paler : throat orange : breafl. ftreaked with dui!j. aoj ^ 3- RUDE T. DfiSCRIFTION. Plack. 4. SHOWY T. Description. .All I' ■♦': ■'■fill Fla-cb. I .'^:■ 1 *r ■\) ,w^..n? •: I ,-!•:■■ T 'I ;v^->v> , / '3 '.*'V» 10 ^<:^Atvi.' l::i^;M' ' '» ii-*i '-MJIPN :t.*; • V .1 . ;' .4 ■, M , In I Ml' [■.111 ■ li soli FINCH. G li M u s XXXVIII. FINCH. I. RED- CROWNED F. Description, N" I. Red-crowned F. ; 2. Swamp F. 3. Rofy F. 4. Crimfon-headed F. 5. PineF. 6. Foreft F. Bearded F. Chili F. 7- 8. N" 9. Sharp-tailed F. 10. Georgian F, 11. Red PoleF. 12. White-headed F. 13. Sultry F. 14. NitidF. 15. Temporal F. Fringilla ruiicapilla, I/:J, Orn.'i,' p. 438. 14.— A/«/ Car//, fafc, ii. tab. 44. 'HE bill in this bird is brown; the plumage on the upper part$ of the body of the fame colour : crown and hind head reddi(hj margined before and on the fides with black ; face and cheeky white, dotted with black : chin ferruginous \ bread ferruginous alh colour \ belly and vent alh colour ; tail black. ilf SWAMP F. Description. Place. Fringilla iliaca, Jnd, Orn. i. p. 438. x^.-^Merrem, ie. av, p. 37. 1. 10. 01 ZE of a Starlingi length nearly kvcn inches: bill and legs yel- low : checks white : body above greyifh olive, the feathers tipped with black ; beneath white j bread fpotted with grey brown : rump and tail rufous j the laft even at the end, and grey beneath. Inhabits North America. I have feen this brought both from Georgia and Hudfm's Bay j at the former it is rare i at the lattqr called Great Sparrow, Swamp, or Wildemejs i^parrow. FINCH. Fringllla rofea, Ind. Orn. i. p. 444. ^^.~-Pa/l, It. iii. p. 699. z6. OIZE of the Brambling: the back is grey and brownilh, mixed with a general tinge of rofe colour : face white : wings and tail dulky, externally margined with rofe colour. Inhabits among the willows about Uda and Selenga^ in Sibiria i buc not common. Crimron-headed Finch, Aril. Zool. li. N' 257. 'T' H I S has a crimfon head and breaft, the firft faintly marked with dufky fpots ; fpace behind each eye dufky : back, wing co- verts, primaries, and tail black, edged with crimfon : belly white, tinged with red. Inhabits New Torki arrives there in y^pril; is very frequent among the red cedars, and fliifts moft nimbly around the ftems. The Crim- fon-headed Finch, Gen. Syn, iii. p. 271. 29. feems to be a further va- riety. Fringilla Pinctorum, Ind. Orn, i. p. 445.40.— Lf/ff/&. It. ii. p. 188. 'T^HIS is teftaceous, inclining to rufous above, beneath yellow j on the breaft a tranfverfe ferruginous band. Inhabits the pine forefts oi Sibiria. Fringilla fylvatica, Ind, Orn. i. p. \^6.\\.—Lepeth. It. ii. t. 7. f. 2. 'T' H E head of this bird is fafciated j the body mixed grey and black : breaft and belly hoary. Found with the laft. :o7 ROSY . F. Description. PiAcr. LaIMSOV- HEADED F. Description. Place. PINE F. Description. Place. FOREST F. Dkscriftiok. PbACBt I, Ih n ' ■ '■lit; 'if ik ;■:.! I m ft: :( ? i. ■ ■ i ■ 'I i 'I':; %p r i u aoS F I N C H. U'l.T UP U"M ^^fih BEARDED F. DeSCRU'TION. Place. 8. CHILI F. Description. Placi. SHARP.TAILED F. Dbsciliption. Fringilla barbata, JnJ, Orn. \. p. 456. 76. — Le Siu, MoUh. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 217, gIZE and habit of the Canary, Bird: the bill is white at the bafe, towards the tip black : head black and velvety : body yellow, with a flight tinge of green : wings variegated with green, yellow, red, and black : tail brown : from the chin hangs an elongated tuft of black feathers, like a beard, which in very old birds reaches to the middle of the breaft. , x. The female is wholly grey; the wings fpotted with yellow ; biK is deftitute of the chin beard-like feathers j and has not the leaft fong. Inhabits the mountainous parts of Chilis next the Tea; builds ia trees, making the neft of ftraw and feathers : the eggs are only two in number. The flefh is accounted favoury, and is therefore in much eftimation. The male is often kept in a cage for the fake of its fong, and it is faid alfo to be a mimic of others. The Spaniards call it jilguerot or Goldfinch i which it fomewhat refembles in colour. Frigilla Diuca, Ind. Orn. i. p. 456. 77. Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 229. 'TT H I S is rather larger than the lafl: : the general colour blue, with the throat white. Inhabits Chili i chiefly about dwellings ; fings remarkably well, efpecially about fun-rife; it feems much allied to, if not the fame as the White-throated Grojleak *. Fiingilla caudacuta, Ind. Orn. i. p. 459. 8?. 'TTHIS is four inches and an half in length: bill and legs pale: iris dark brown: general colour of the plumage n ottled brown and pale rufous , the laft chiefly at the edges of the feathers : the • Gen. Sj/Ht iii. p. 115. 10. throat ':'ii FINCH. throat is pale rufous, and a ftreak of the fame over the eyesj the !owcr part of the neck behind rufous, but darker than the throat : tail even at the end ; but the tips of the feathers run off to a (harp point. Inhabits the internal parts of Georgia, in America. I met with this at IVIr. Humphries' Sy among other fpecimens brought from theocc. It was entitled Spotted Grafs Sparrow, Ffingilla Georgiana, Ind. Orn. i. p. 460. 86. T ENGTH fix inches: bill dufky: irides brown: hea^ brown, full of feathers : middle of the back du(ky brown j the under parts are white : chin and throat grey ; beneath the jaw a divaricated ftreak of black : the leflTer wing coverts are rufous, and the quills and tail feathers are rufous on the outer edges : legs brown. Found in the fame places as the laft, .- - • ■ - -''\ Fringilla cannabina, Jnd, Orn. i. p> 458. Sz.'-^JSoIton'i Sr. Birds, pi. 29. 30. Greater Red-headed Linnet or Redpple^ Gen. Syn. iii. p. 304. T HAVE been long inclined to think the poflib'^'ty of the Common or Grey Linnety as it is called, and the Redpoky proving only one fpecies ; and in this I am encouraged by that excellent obferver Mr. 'BoySy of Sandwifhi as well as by Colonel MontagUy both of whom have hinted their fufpicions in refpcft to this fa£l j the way to account for fit is, to fuppofe that the Common Linnet is not complete in refpeft to the red of the forehead, till the end of the fecond year at fooneft, yet is capable of breeding in the firft fpring after being hatched. I have obferved in the male of the Gre^ Linnett the head feathers to appev externally like the reft of the uppe. parts, but on lifting them up, a tinge of red was very manifcft. One of thefe birds brought to mc in the month of January y was feemingly in its change, for the feathers of Supp. II. E c the ^c^ PtACC. lO. GEORGIAN F. Description. Flao. II. RED POLE r. 1,1 .}i.>. ,. 1 ri ' ' ■ ■■fill ¥' ' ' ' .' .■ I' at) 1 3 ; ',r|Tl ' "i ,1 1 , : .. ■.! 1'. ■ t i 1 ! '\ s, >■ i , ( " «i * ■ jf: d T 'J, KW ' 'mm aio FINCH. 17. WH'TE. HEADED F. Dbscriptiok. Pla CI. SULTRY F. DllCRIi>T10N. the forehead were apparently grey, but on lifting them up with a pih they were fine crimfon in the middle. As to the red on the breaft, it is well known that it is only to be feen at certain feafons ; and if the bird be kept in a cage, it entirely lolls it, fo as never to return > Placb. during confinement. CIZE of a Buljinch : head, neck, and under parts from the breaft white, marked on the fides and under the wings with along patch of black, charged with numerous white fpots j acrofs the breaft a broad bar of black communicating with the black on the fides: be- fore the eye a crefcent of black : tail (hort and black : the upper part of the back, the wings, and tail, are rufous brown; the lower part of the back and rump crimfon j. the bill alfo is aimfon : . legs pale brown. Inhabits New South Wales. From the drawings of General Davies, . Among the drawings of Mr; Lambert y I find a bird- greatly corre- fponding with the above, and which may not unlikely prove different only in fex-: the bill and legs are the fame : the head, inftead of whiter is pale afti colour : back, wings, rump, and tail, fimilar to the other, . but' rather more pak j. but the crefcent of black on the upper part of the breaft^ is the fame, joining with the black on the fides in the. fame manner, and the fides marked with the. fame white fpots i the. under parts from the. breaft. white.. lENGTH five inches and an half i, bill dufky: f.;.?neral colour > of the plumage fine pale rufous brown ; the under parts are plain, , but on the upper, each feather, is ftreaked down the middle with dulky black, efpecially the crown, where the ftreaks are very broad. and; diftindl : tail even at the end :. legs pale yellow. Inhabits the Mahratta country in India, ;i I'l.rxxxii. 1' ,4, JLb/if/tii Of tluAat du-ane Alajf 30 iSo, bi^ Lei^hxtcthfi}!/ U Jon Tci-k .ttrri^t ihiait Oaivltn . V A ' .( " •• ■If.. 5.'! 1.1' i 1 1 ■ u^^^h :';;■ to- 'Ci FINCH. C I Z E of a tkufe Sparrow : the bill pale red : legs yellow ; plumage above, including the tail, pule a(h colour j the under parts white, but the fides next the wings incline to yellow : quills dull ferruginous yellow : over the eyes a black band, pafllng down a little way on tiie ears in a broad patch. Inhabits New South Wales, C I Z E uncertain : bill and legs reddilh brown : crown of the head blue grey : upper parts of the body, wings, and tail pale brown ; all the under parts white : from the bill a dull crimfon ftreak arifes, growing broader at the back part> and forming on the cheeks an oval patch : rump crimfon. Several drawings of birds probably allied to this, have come under our obfervation : in one of them, the bill is crimfon, a broad (Ireak of the fame over the eye, and the rump and vent crimfon alfo : the crown rather full of feathers : the whole of the upper parts of the plumage and tail green ; beneath greenilh white, with a flight reddilh tinge on the bread: tail Ihort: — in another, the bill was pale redi the ftreak over the eye and the rump crimfon : tail fhort, as in the other : the plumage above greenilh brown i beneath cinereous white. For thefc I am indebted to the drawings of General Davies j and in thofe of Mr. Lamhertt I have remarked a third, in which the upper parts were green; the under greenilh white: bill, ftreak over the eye, and rump, crimfon j but differed from the others in having the tail much longer. All thefe faid to inhabit Ntw South Wales, £« « SII NITID F. Dkicription. PtACt. '5- TEMPORAL F. DESCRlrTIOM. PtACI. < ' (■ f J; > . i)i • Ift PLANT-CUTTER. Genus XXXIX. PLANT-CUTTER- DILL conic, ftrait, fcrrated on the edges. Nostrils oval. Tongue fhort, obtufe. CHILI PL. C. DssCRIPTiON. Place. itt ♦ With four Tobs. Phytotoma Rara, /W. Orn. i. p. 466. i,--Molin. Chi/. (Fr. cd.) p. 234*. Phytotome du Chili, ou Rara> DaudiH. Orn. ii. p. 366. grZE of a ^ail: bill very ftrong, pointed at the tip, half zm inch long, indented like ?. faw on the edges : tongue very fhort,^ blunt: irides brown : the back is duflcy grey j the under parts paler:, tall of a moderate length, rounded at the end : quills and tail feathers fpotted with black. The foot confifts of four toes, three before and. one behind j the hind toe much fhorter than the forward ones. Intjabits CW/r, where it is far from uncommon. The voice is rough, and the bird at intervals utters the words Ra, Ra, very dif- tinftly : its food is vegetables, perhaps preferring the parts next the root, for with much pains, it digs about and cuts off the plants with its bill, as it were with a faw, clofe to the ground ; fronfi this circum- ftance, it does much injury to the gardens, and is detefted by the in- habitants. Thefe birds build the neft in high trees, well cloathed< with leaves, and in unfrequented places i the eggs arc white, fpotted' with red. ;^i-:ii:i I \ ii.: 1 ; \C . A f i 1 1 h pi.cxxxm. ^•V*'***'*'*! "^3^^ fUblithd at tlieytd liiree/lrMayjO- tSpt. hi/ leiyh J'etluJyy k Sen.ihrk Jirtti it tan itaxUn,. PLANT-CUTTER. • * With thrsi toes.. Eoxia tridaftyla, /««/. Or«. i. p. 397. 93. Le Guifso Balito, Buf, Qif. iii. p. 471. Phytotome d'Abyffinie, Daudin. Orn. ii. p. 366. 2. Three-toed Grolbeak, Gen, Syn. iii. p« 47i> 2. ABYSSINIAN PL. C. CrZE of the common Grojbeaky length about fix inches: bill Description. brown : the head and fore part of the neck red j the reft of the plumage black j about the flioulders browniih) with a tinge of green:: t^e greater wing coverts appearing as black fcales, margined with: white, nightly tinged with olive : tail a triBe forked : legs brown, with, only three toes, two placed before and one behind. This is die defcription given by M. Daudirt, from a drawing fent him figured from a Nubian fpecimen : it feems,, however, to differ a little from that defcribed by Bt^on, for that bird is faid to be black, with not only the head and fore part of the neck of a beautiful red, but that colour prolonged in a narrow band quite to the vent : wing coverts brown, edged with white j and the quills edged with green. M. Buffon dclcribed his from Mr. Bruce' s drawings done in Ahyffmiai, where it is faid to be afolitary fpecies, living on the kernels of almonds,, tlie fliells of which it eafily breaks with the bill. : \\ •V'"^?: 'd lilt di4 FLYCATCHER. Genus XL. FLYCATCHER. and beneath them, a (Ireak of yellow, growing broader at the back part : tail pretty long, and the middle feathers of it rather fliorter than the others; Inhabits New Holland, 'TTHIS is confiderably larger than \ht Hedge Sparrow : bill and legs black : tongue briftly at the tip : the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts is olive green : the crown, and all be- neath, from the chin, yellow: through the eyes, from the gape, a large patch of black j at the back part of which, on the ears, a tuft of yellow, which tuft confifts of feathers longer than the others: the outer tail feathers yellow. Inhabits New Holland^ where it is called Darwang, and is. a common g,. • fpecies.. MELODIOUS' FL. Descriptiok, PtACf. YELLOW- EAREJO FL. Description. Place. yelIow- TUFTED DcscRJFTiotr; P» ACI. ■ i'^- ■ ■ 'I i t' ■ ' 1- •" I, v,^: % ! l! / f t'i U > 31 6 RED-BELLIED FL. . Description.. FLYCATCHER. fpecies. The Englijh named it, as well as the laft, the TeUow-tareel Flycatcher : is faid to feed principally on honey, which it obtains from the flowers, by means of its feathery tongue : makes the neft on the extreme pendent branches of low trees or fhrubs, and by this means elcapes the plunder of various fmaller quadrupeds, who are unable to reach the neft with fafety. Whether this is allied to the laft, I will not take upon me to afcertain. Mufcicapa erythrogaftra, Inii. Om. ii. p. 479. 50. — Nat. Mi/c, xHx. pi- 14.7. Red-bellied Flycatcher, Gen. Syn. Hi. p. 343. pi. 50. npHESE birds are obferved to be more numerous in Norfolk IJland, than in New South fVales ; and feem to vary much. In one from Port Jack/ofit in the drawings of General DavieSj the head, neck, back, and wings, are Haty black : quills and tail black : chin and throat the fame, but paler j on the forehead a white Ipot: breaft purplifli or deep red lake colour : belly and vent white. In another, the forehead is not white j inftead of which is a white flreak over the eye : the chin is white : the general colour is black, as in the others : breaft and belly crimfon : vent white : tail rather fliorter than in common. The native name Booddang. In a third variety, there is an oblique ftreak of white 0.1 the wing j and moft of the outer tail feathers white. I have alfo feen this fame vary with the tail feathers wholly black. In a fourth, the plumage is black above ; beneath wholly deep ■crimfon: forehead, juft over the bill, white: on the wing coverts fome motlings of white. A further variety has the general colour of the upper parts dufky or cinereous black : the chin, fore part of the neck, and breaft, crim- fon : fpot over the forehead, an oblique broad longitudinal ftreak on the fhouJders of the wings, and all the belly and vent white. This came from Port Jask/onj and was communicated by General Davies, 'l!*! hi , FLYCATCHER. Mufcicapa Para Jill, /« dulky. The native places of the two laft are not afccrtained. glZE of the Nightingale, but more flender: the crown of the head, back of the neck, the wing coverts, and half of the tail, and under parts of the body from the bread, pale brown : the forehead, middle of the back, and bafe of the tail are of a deep rufous, inclining to red : chin, fore part of the neck and breaft yellowifh white ; fpotted on the ears and breaft with black: on the middle of the neck before, a large patch of black : tail rather long, and in a fmall degree cuneiform : bill and legs pale brown. Q . Inhabits. J'L.CXXJ(IV. * J'ttilv/idat e/uAet Oo-tetf.Mt^Jc./So/. b^.Zei^h.J'o'JuJb^v.leJ'cH^Eir/CKftntiCbi-ouOajvten. FLYCATCHER. Inhabits New South Wales, where it is known by the name of Burril: has hitherto only been met with in November, ¥ ENGTH five inches and a half: bill and legs pale brown : plumage olive brown above; but froiTi the bafe of the bill to the mid- dle of the crown, taking in the eye, black, and pafllng backwards into a point on the ears ■ the chin and fides of the neck are white : brcalt and belly deep crimfon : the wings are black j but the quills are white half way from the bafe: tail longilhi the two middle feathers wholly black i ■ the others the fame half-way from the bafe, the reft of the length white : the wings reach one third on the tail. Inhabits New South Wales : fpecimens of this fpecies are fcarce. g I Z E of the White Throat : plumage above brown ; beneath pale yellow, growing white towards the vent: crown of the head black, and a broad ftreakof the fame occupies the fides of the cheeks, beginning beneath each eye: the quills are darker than th; icH, fome of them edged with yellow : tail longifh : bill black : legs blucifli. Inhabits New South Wales j met with there in July. 221 Placb. '7- CRIMSON- BELLIED FL. Description. Place. 18. BLACK CHEEKED FL. Description. ^ttllli ( .ft t. f »; Place. T ENGTH from eight to nine inches: bill flenderj black: legs black : tongue fringed at the tip : general colour of the plumage pale green ; but the under parts from chin to vent greenifli yellow j the laft moft confpicuous on the chin and bread: from the gape fprings a black band, which grows broader, and pafles under the eye to the hind head, where it is fringed with yellow. Inhabits 19. MUSTACHOE FL. DESCRlPTlOIf^ t ■< 'i r 221 Place. 20. ROSB-WINGED FL. Description. Plac. 21. COACH- WHIP Descriptiok. PXAGE. 22. BI;ACK. BREASTED FL. iDlSCRlPTION. FLir CATCHER. Inhabits New South Wales ; is a pugnacious bird, attacking others, efpecially the fmaUer Parakeets. CIZE of a Nightingale: bill and legs brown: general colour of the plumage brown; beneath white : the feathers of the crown feem loofe, giving the appearance of a creft, and fpotted with black : the middle of the outer quills, and the four middle tail feathers, from the bafe to three-fourths of the length, arc rofe colour, the laft marked with a few black fpots. Inhabits New South Wales. CIZE of a tbrujh: general colour of the phimage flaty black: chin and throat croffed wiin fine lines of dufky white : the feathers of the crown are long, and can be ercft^d into a creft : tail flighdy cuneifornn : bill itout, black : legs flcnder, black : irides blue. Inhabits New South Wales ; native name Djou, It has a long (ingle note, not unlike the crack of a coachman's whip, hence called the Coach-whip Bird; it appears a lively fpecies, and menacing in its manners ; for crcsfting the creft, it gains a formidable appearance, which it tak^s the advantage of in contending with other birds, efpe- cially Parakeets abou: the right of cxtrading honey from the flowers i ic :i not a common fpecies. nr H I S is rather more than eight inches long • bill brown ; legs black : the head, taking in the eyes, the nape, and fides of the jieck, are black, continuing in a band on tlie breaft ; within this, the chin FLYCATCHER. chin and throat are white; the upper parts of the body are greenifli yellow ; the under yellow : wings black ; but the coverts arc edged with yellow : the tail black, with a yellow tip. This fpecies is found at New South fVaksj in Jfrih DILL and head black j the lafl: full of feathers : general colour of the plumage clouded black j but the under parts are white : the whole of the wings and tail are black ; but the lefTer quills are fringed with white : legs dufky. Inhabits New South Wales, 223 Pt.aci. HOODED FL. Description. 'T^ H E upper parts of this bird are pale brown ; the under pale : bread rofe colour, inclining to carmine ; on the wing coverts a few pale fpots : the bill is brown, rather long, and bent towards the point : irides blueifh legs brown. Inhabits New South Wales. npHIS is nearly the fize of a Sparrow: bill rather broad, fur- niflied with a few bridles at the bafe, and black : the upper parts of the body and wings are pale flaty grey j beneath from chin to vent pale yellow : quills and tail dufky black : legs pale brownifh flefli colour. Inhabits New South Wales:, Place. 24. ROSE- BREASTED FL. Description'. Place. GREY FL. Description. Placi. ■■ m •: i ' :;*■ 7-1 • ' i ?' .'I W: ■I \ ^, ' -H.:. ".' i '1:^ '1 'i .n r j 1 1 i t 1'^ * 'I 2 24 FLYC ATCHER. 26. SOFT-TAILED FL. D'SCRIPTION. Placb. Soft-tailed Flycatcher, Lin. Trar/.'w, p. 240. pi. 21. T ENGTH from bill to rump three inches: bill brownifh black; bafe furniflied with ftrong bridles; noftrils low down on the bill : the general colour of the plumage ferruginous, but the featl\ers of the upper parts of the body and wing are ftreaked down their middle with brownifh black ; the middle of the belly nearly white : over the eye, arifing at the bafe of the bill, is a pale blue ftreak : throat and fore part of the neck of the fame blue colour: the feathers of the rump are foft, long, and filky : wings fhort, fcarcely reaching to the bafe of the tail : the quills are dufky, edged with ferruginous : the tail is four inches or more in length ; »he Ihafts very flender and black, the webs on each fide confifting of minute flender hairy black filaments, placed at diftances, and diftinft from each other, as in the feathers of the Cajfowary : legs pale brown. The female is like die male in colour, but wants both the blue ftreak over the eye, and the chin and throat are of the fame colour as the reft of the under parts. Inhabits New Holland', being found about Sidney and Botany Bay, in marftiy places, abounding with long grafs and rufhes, which afford it an hiding place, and where, like the Bearded TitmoH/ey it is fuppoled to make the neft j when difturbcd, its flight is very fhort, and is found to run on the ground with great fwiftnefs \ feeds on fmall flies and other infefts. The name it is known by in the country is MerioK Binnion, or Cajfowary Bird; we are indebted to General Davies for the above notices concerning this Angular bird, which is well repre- fcntcd in the Linnaan TranJaSlions, FLYCATCHER. 'HE head and neck in this fpecies are pretty full of feathers, and black : back and rump orange colour or reddlfti ; all the under parts of the body are white, marked with fcveral longifli ftreaks of black on the bread : wings and tail brown ; the feathers of the lafl have the webs much ftparated and diftindt from each other, as in the Soft-tailed Flycatcher : legs pale brown. Inhabits New South Wales ; and is an aflive (peeies, frequently car- rying the tail eredt, and expanding the fame at the moment it fprings from a branch on its prey. 11% 27. ORANGE- RUMPED FL. DBSCR.IPT10K. Place. 'i ' , ■' , ,-1 .1' • i f ► Supp. 11. Gg ':rv = V mm- liiii A2( LARK. Genus XLI. LARK. N" I. Sky L. 2. Dufky L. 3. Yeltonian L. N" 4. Dixon's L. 5. Ferruginous L. 1. SKV- L. Alauda arvenfis, /« 41. (Montagu) pi. ii. f. 3. the egg. 'T' HIS fpecies rather exceeds feven inches in length ; and weighs from fix to feven drams : the bill is (lender, three- fourths of an inch long, dufky, with a darker point : the plumage on the upper parts of the bird duflcy greenifh alh colour j the middle of each fea- ther darker : fore part of the neck and breaft mottled dufky white and brownifh alh colour: the chin, and fore part of the neck, dulky white ; and the middle of the breaft is like the fore part of the neck, but paler : belly dulky yellowilh white : the wings are much the fame colour as the back, but edged witTi a paler colour : the four firfl: prime quills are nearly of equal lengths, the fecond a trifle longeft; the fecond quills almoft even widi the firft at the ends : tail full three inches long, even, of much the fame colour as the quills j the outer feather has all the outer web and half the inner cinereous white } the next whitifli at the tip : legs brown j hind claw crooked, no longer than the toe, which is the fame length as the outer one before. This, till within a few years paft, has not been fufficiently difcri- minated. I faw it firft among the preferved birds of the late Mr. Lematii where it was marked as a fingular variety*. Mr. Pl^akot and Mr. Leivin afterwards found it in the marlhes o^ Kent -y and Co- lonel Montagu likewife met with it in more places than one, in fimilar fituations. This gentleiinan .obferves, that it is only to be feen on 1 fufpedl ic to be the variety t)iF the Titlark, in Br, Zooh fol. pi. P. i. G g 2 th( a27 DUSKY L. Descrivtiok. t'iflnV.':' ' I A"-' ft'l Iftiil 1 ' . i J ! ■ \ ■1 ' [ ' . ,^ ■Vil't ■ ■Ii. fm0\ dsS I. A R K. the Tea fhorcs, or at leaft a little more than a quarter of a mile from the fea water, and efpecially in rocky firuations, at lead no where except in places where the tide occafionally covers. It makes the neft in the tufts of grafs on the fiielves of rocks,^ &c. by the. fea fide, where it is rarely to be got at without the help of a ladder. The neft is made of dry grafs, marine plants, and a little mofs, lined with finer grafs, and a few long haiis. The eggs of a dirty white, fpotted with brown, moftly fo at the larger end. This fpecies is not ob- ferved to aflTociate in large flocks like other Larhy only three or four having been fecn together. Marine infedts feem to be its principal food. The note is a very infignificant one, being very rarely more than a chirp, not unlike that of a Grajshopper, For a fuller account, confult Linn, IranJ. iv. p. 41. &c. YELTOiNIAN L. DlSCRIFTION. PlACE. Alauda Ycltonienfis, Ltd. Orn, n. p. 496. xS.'—PhU. Tranf, Ivii. p.* 3501 (Forfttr.) CIZE of the Starling: bill cylindric, ftrait aind pointed ; bafe black, with the tip very pale j tongue bifid: the colour of the plumage is black, varied on the head, back, and Ihoulders with rufous : the fixth quill has the outer margin white ; the two middle tail feathers are rufous, the others like the reft of the plumage : the hind toe pretty ftraiti and larger by much than the others. This inhabit- the neighbourhood of the Volga\ found about the lake Telton: that it is gregarious, and very fat in Auguft^ at which time il is of a mod exquifite flavour. DlxWs L. OsscRirrioN, Alauda Novae Zealandia, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 497. 19. /?. Cinereous Lark, Portlockt Voy. pi. in p. 37. CIZE of z titlark', length fix inches: bill and legs black: the upper parts of the body aih colour i the under very pale aih co- lour. b A R iC. 229 lour, inclining to wliite towards the vent : quills and tail black j the outer edges of the quills, and the outer tail feathers white. This inhabits New Zealand : dcfcribcd from Captain Dixon's draw- Placs* ings J and except in being lefs, feems greatly allied to the New Zea- . lanti Lark. Alauda Gorenfis, M^ Carl/. fa/civ, p). gg. FERRUC5IN0US L. HTHE bill in this bird is brownj the crown,, nape, and beginning Dbscription. of the back, duiky, the featliers margined with ferruginous : back and rump deep ferruginous ; chin and under parts ferruginous, but the riiroat and breaft have each feather ftreaked with dufky : belly much the fame, but the ground nearly white r vent white : quills very pale on the margins : the feathers of the tail have the margins nearly white ; but the middle ones are ferruginous brown, and the outer- moil towards the end obliquely white, marked with a triangular fpot of white at the tip : legs pale. ! ''i *, .1 I . A :'1 •^- " : li.. r.VV. AlK . I'll,.- Ji' ': it'll m U 43® WAGTAIL. GiMus XLII. WAGTAIL. t. WHITE W. N" I. White W. a. Dauurian W. 3. Hudfonian W. N' 4. Black-crowned W. 5. New Holland W. MotacHIa alba, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 501. i.—.Ger. Orn. iv. pi. 385. I* White Wagtail, Gen. Sjtt. iv. p. 395. i. pROM various obfervations made by my friends and myfelf, it ap- pears clear that there is very little if any diftindlion of fex in adult birds of this fpecies ; neither fex gains the black about the head and throat the firfl: feafon after hatching; but as fpring comes on, both fexes gradually obtain it, and both again lofe it after incubation ; not perhaps wholly, for in old birds fome traces are vifible at mod times, and under this mafk have been dcfcribed as different birds. This cir- cumftance likewife happens in refpedt to the Grey H'^ogtaili which is only met with in the fouthern and weflern parts o( England in the winter months. I faw one of them at the edge of a rivulet in my garden, September 28 of the lull year, but they do not often appear be- fore 05loher. That both fexes have a black throat, I am well in- formed, and more or lefs tracing of it may be obferved before their departure towards the north in fpring, where they breed. Plovvever authors may multiply this genus, we have certainly no more than three in England \ viz. the White Wagtaik common ahnoft every where at a»ll feafons j the Grey IVagtaily inhabiting all the fouthern counties the winter halfof the year, departing northward as fpring ap- proaches ; and the Yellow Wagtail^ which is not obferved any where except in the fummer ieafoo. W A G r A I L. Motacilla melanopa, InJ. Om. ii. p. 503. ^.'^Pal. It. ill. p. 696. 16, rr* H 1 S fpecies has the habit of the Tellow Wagtail^ but is not fo large ; the legs alfo are fmaller : the general hue i& blueilh afh colour above, beneath yellow : lore and throat black : over the eye a ftreak of white, beginning at the gape: the three outer tail feathers are white, except the outer margin, which is black. Inhabits the eaftein borders of Dauuria, 431* DAUURIAN W. Dbscriptiok* Place* •i 't Motacilla Hudfonica, Ind. Orn, ii. p. 503. 6. T ENGTH fix inches: bill pretty fhort, yellowifli brown; legs the fame : plumage above brown, the feathers margined with ferruginous : chin and throat pale ferruginous, ftreaked with dufky : breaft, belly, and vent dufky white: quills dufliyj fecond quills edged with ferruginous : tail tiiree inches long ; the outermoft feather white; the next to it on each fide white, with the inner margin brown ; the third dulky, with a flender ftreak of white down the middle -, the others plain dufky : the tail even at the end. Inhabits HudforCs Bay: the name it is there known by is Puck-i" low-o-jhtjk. CIZE of our TVagtaih bill and legs yellow: crown of the head black : back and wings red brown ; the under parts of the bird white, inclining to orange on the breaft : the quills are black : tail long, fomewhat cuneiform ; the middle feathers a little pointed j colour of all of them red brown halfway from the bafe i from thence to the end yeilowiftj. Inhabits New South JVales j but is a fcarce bird. HUDSONIAN W. Description. PtACl. BLACK- CROWNED W. Description. F;,ACE< \ul\ ■ '^ ,♦ •1 • ' ' M i if:.. » ^1 ^ ■ ■ i i" : *^' mi ^ It f«ii£> , HOLLAND W. DiSCItlVTiON. Pl ACI. WAGTAIL. SIZE and habit of our Grey mgfail: bill and legs black : tongue briftly atthetip: the general colour of the plumage above pale blue i beneath pale yellow : the quills and tail are black , the laft re- markably long: the baftard wing is fmall, and of a rcddilh white. Inhabits iWw South Walts. WARBLER. Genus XLIII. WARBLER. ii2i *^ :; I . 2. 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- t, 9- io. II. 12. 14. *5- 16. 18. 19. 20. 21. Nightingale. Greater Pcttichaps, Lefler Pettichaps. Sardinian W. Rufous-crowned W. Wood Wren. Yellow Wren. Lefler White-throat. Grafshopper W. Dartford W. Prothonotary W. Plata W. Black Poll W. Cowled W. Indigo W. Loiifiana W, Mediterranean W. Ferruginous W. White-collared W. Long-billed W. Shore \V. N« 22. Cafpian W. aj. Black-backed W. 24. Pcrfian W. 25- Cambaian W. 26. Guzurac W. 27. Afiatic W. 28. Yclk)w-vcntcd W. 29. Streaked W. JO- Terrene W. 3'- Black-checked W. i 3 a. Rufous- vented W. ♦ 33- Gold-bellied W. 34. Ruddy W. 3S' ChafteW. 3^' White-tailed W. 37. Crimfon-breafted W. 38. Rufty-fidedW. 39- Swallow W. .•■ . ;-, 40. Variable W. 41. Flame-coloured W, 42. Dwarf W. *hM'4 a. Orn. iv. pi. 400. ft 1, and », j . NfGHTlNGALS, Nightingale, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 408. i. tN Lower Egypt j at leaft in the mod eaftern part of that quarter of the globe, the Ni^tingak is very contirtvon i alfo in the iflands of Supp. II. H h the ■1 ,n|fi! eu 234 VAT A R D L E R". the Archipelago i at the period of their emigration*. In fomc parts tif Germany ^rc alfo great numbers, for we are told, that they are found in vaft abundance in^ the wood of Ro/jtntiabl, neap Dre/den-, in which neighbourhood Larks alfo are in fuch amazing quantities, as to furnifh a confidcrable revenue to the crown f. It has not efcaped the writers on this fubjeft, tRat the maUs and fe- males of fomc birds, for inflance, CbaffincbeSt ftparatc for a time into dif- ferent flocks, each flock confifting of one fcx only; but my ingenious friend Colonel Montagu hints to me, that the males of all the ^^r- blers come firfl-, and if the weather fhould afterwards prove cold,', with the wind at Eaftor North,,all communication i« cut off between, the l^xes till the wind changes, frequently for a fortnight or ynore j but if the weather is warm, with a South or Weft wind^ the females follow the males ina few days. Tlie arrival of the females may be foretold by thefinging of the males: if they are very vociferous, the females may be immediately expeftedj if, on the contrary, none will appear, for both are aftuated by the fame caufc ; the fame fli- mulus that occafions the fong in one, gives the other locomotion to;- feek its mate; and from this caufe no doubt it is that more mates of. the Nightingale zxtX2iixii than females.. 1 1 . GREATER JPETTICHAl'S. BiacKirTSON* MotacilU hortenfis, Ind. Oi^k. ii. p. 507. 3., Ficedula cinerea mAJor. Bigia, Gtr. Orn. iv. t. 395. 1 ?'^ Die Baftardnachtigale, Naturf. 27. S.-^. i. {Btckfttin.) ^ Greater Pettichaps, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 413. 3. feA. ad. TpHIS fpecies weighs about five drams; the length nearly fix.; inches : the bill a trifle broader at the bafe , than the common White-thrmt : irides dufky yellow : the upper parts of the bind in genera], light brown, inclining to olive green : quills and tail edged * Ztnnm» Travth, ii. p. 51. 52. t 6,coo doUari. K^r. with ■fiv; li, WARBLER. v/ich the fame : below the cars a dafli of a(h colour : throat, neck, and upper part of the bread, dirty wl^te, inclining to dull buff co- lour : lower part of the breaft, belly, and under tall coverts ■white ; beneath the wings buff; legs duflcy. When in fine plumage, an ob- fcure ftreak of pale or yellowifli colour appears over the eye. In one of thefe, from Mr. Boys, of Sandwich, \ obferved the tongue to be jagged at the end ; the length was five inches and three quarters, in breadth eight inches and three quarters. This was a female. Cq- lonel Montagu met with it in Gloucejierjhire j but remarks, that he has never fcen it in Cornwall, notwithftanding he has been long refidenc' there. I have met with it in more than one place in Kent, and have heard of it in Berkjhire and other parts, but believe it to be no where exceedingly common. The males of this fpecies come generally the lad week in April, t\\c females a few days later. It builds in thick bufhes or hedges, compofed of dried fibres, fome wool, and a little green mofs outwardly j within fometimes lined with horfe-hair. The eggs generally four in number, weighing each thirty-fix grains ( colour a dirty white, marked with brownifh fpecks, pretty numerous, and running frequently together at the larger end. In fong, this bird is little inferior to the Nightingale, either in me- lody or variety. Some of its notes are fweetly and foftly drawn, others are quick, lively, loud, and piercing, but reaching the diftant ear without inharmonious difcord. Mr. Beckftein thinks the fong to be even more varied than that of tke Nightingale, burfting into various kinds of modulation as it pro- ceeds, and at times warbling like the Hou/e Swallow -, and obferves that it is found in Sweden and Germany throughout, departing thence the latter end ofAuguJl. Its general food appears to be infefts, which it fcarches for under the leaves, but will frequently come into gardens, -when in the neigh- bourhood of its haunts, making free with fruits likewife. The young H h ^ are ^35 5»r 'I ' , ■ f ' t ViW^'^' >' k.i W' 936 LESSER PETTiCHAPS. WARBLER. arc obferved to remain in the ncft till they are grown very large,, and! almoft as well feathered as the parents. Sylvia Hippolals, Iit^. Orn. ii. p. 507. 4. Mocacilla Fitis, Haturf. 27. S. 50. 5. Lcfler Pettichaps, Gtn, Sjn. \t. p. 413. 3*. Chirping Willor* Wren, Whitt*s Selborne^ p. 45. r|^HIS has been fuHiciently defcribed before in tHe Synopjls. It fonnettnies comes before the 20th of March ■\^ but is in general before the ift of -^jpn/j departing before the end oi S^temb^ -, and is perhaps as early as any" migrant, if we except the Wryneck : the weight is about two drams ; length five inches ;. breadth eight inches : the firft quills fhorter than the fecond, and the two middle feathers^ rather fhorteft. We believe this bird to be every wh«rc pretty common j but it has not been obferved in Guernfeyy although the JVillow ^rw, a much, nnore fcarce bird, is there in plenty. This fpecies is perpetually fmging, or rather chirping.: the notes ^ feemingly like the words TwI/, 7wJ/,~7w//, Tw//, 7w£r, haftily and delicraciy repeated, or as Mr. Bifkjiein calls it Fiti and from whence he has derived his name. v SARDINIAN W. Disc RIFT ION*. Placi. Sylvia mdanoeephala, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 509. •j.^^Cttt. Ucc. S»rd. p. 215. 'TT H I S is faid to be fmalter than the Blackcap, but very like itj of a grecnifli alh colour above, and grey beneath : crown black, and a red band over the eyes. Inhabits Sardinia: hf s very little of a fong. -'f* 1 1 once hoard it on the 14th of March. i 1 i' •^■*; WARBLER. Sylvia mofchita, lud. Oru. \. p. 509. "8.— Cf//. Ut. Sard. p. 215. TpHIS is lead colour, with a rufous crown. Inhabits Sardinia: the eggs of the Cuckow faid to be frequently laid in the neft of this bird. There is little doubt but M. Cetti has unneceflarily made two fpecies of this and the laft, as they appear tO' be no other than the male and fbmaU Blackcap^ Reguhis non criftAtus major, Brif. Om. 3. 482; A. — InJ» Orn. u. p. 550;' J.— i'FiH. Orn% p. l6\.—-Ray*i Litters, p. 108. Motacilla Sibilatrix, Das Laubvolchen, tfaturf. 27. p. 47. 4. Lafgcr, not crefted '^Vren, ^«V/. Or*, (Engl. ed.),p. a28.r->Gr«. ^, jv. p.. Larger Yellow Wren, If^hite Se/i. p. 55. Sylvia Sylvicola, Wood Wren, Lia. Tranf. iv. p. 35.^.^/. vol. ii. p. 24 j. pi. 24; ■ ■ ' . ' T HAVE ever had my doubts of this bird being a variety of any fpecies before defcribcd ; but it is to my friends that I am indebted for fixing it as a diftindl fpecies. It is indeed not greatly differing in colour from the fVillow Wren j but is of a more elegant make, and the colours infinitely brighter. The length is five inches and an half J the weight two drams forty-two grains : the bill is horn co- lour: irides hazel : noftrils furnilhed wita briOles : upper parts of the body in general yellow green : throat, checks, and under part of the flioulders yellow j breaft paler yellow: belly and vent a mo(t beautiful filvery white : over the eye a ftreak of yellow : feathers of the wings moftlybrownifli,, with green margins outwardly, and in- wardly whitifli : tail rather forked, duflcy brown, edged with green : legs horn colour. The female caught on the neft weighed three drams. This is a migratory fpecies, the males as ufu&l coming firft, and as Colonel Montagu obfcrvcs, there is a greater diftancc between the A arrival; RUFOU'^. CROWN :iD w BsSCRIPTIOIfk 5: WOOD WREN. DBSCRIPTiOirv 'I y 1 ■ \ ■i 1 f '4.- t j'ilH ' » ISCRIPTIOK, WARBLER. •arrival of the two fexes than in any other biid, being often a wceic or ten days between. Firft obferved the very end o^ April: are cftencft feen in coppice woods of oak or beech, about eighteen or twenty years growth ; on the top of the moft lofty of which, it may be found urtcring a kind of fibilous note, during wJiich it expands the wings, and moving them in a ihivering or fluttering manner. Some have compared the note to that of the Bunting, but more fhrill ; it has alfo other kinds of notes, which may be compared to that of the MarJJj Titmou/ef or the fpring note of the Nuthatch. The place of refidencc will ever dctedt it, as it is not to be met with in hedges or buflies, but in woods only. It makes the neft on the ground, be- neath the fliadc of trees, conftru6ting it of dry grafs, dead leaves, and mofs, lined with finer grafs, and a few long hairs i in fhape oval ; the entrance near the top, like thofe of the Yellow Wren and P^tti- ihapi but materially different, as thofe birds line the neft with feathers. The eggs weigh from eighteen to twenty-two grains, are white, fprinkled all over with ruft-coloured fpots, and in fome the markings are confluent *. They arc generally fix or feven in number \ and the young arc hatched in thirteen days f . Sylvia Trochilus, Ini. Oin. ii. p. fjo. njj. i . Afilus, Small Yellow Bird, Raii Sjiu. p. 80. A. to. Afilus, Le Pouillot, ou Chantre« £n/s. iii. 479. 45. Der Weidcnzeifig, Ntuurforfch. ly. S 54. 6. Mufcicapa Cantatrix, Green Wren, Bartram. Trav. p. 28I. Yellow Wren, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 5 « J« 1 47. 'TPHIS, if we except the Goldcreftid Wretii is the fmalleft of our European birds: fcldom meafurcs more than four inches and a quarter in length, and the breadth fix inches and three quarters : the • In Lin. Tranf. iv. tab. a. f. 1. i» the reprefcntation of it. J Mr. Bttingcd lightly on the fides of the neck and bread with red : knees greenifh grey : tail even at the end ; and the quills duiky, with- pale edges : legs pale. Tht female differs very little from the »w/tf, except in being paler;-. but in the young bJrds, the tinge of green is more confpicuous than in the adult, and in this ftate fomewhat approaches in colour to the Wood Wren, which is above an inch longer, befides differing in other particulars. This fometimes appears in the laft week in Martb, buO' more frequendy not till the firft in j^pril; and this circumftance alone will dift'mguifh'both this and. the Lejfer Pettichaps from the WoodWren^ which fcldom appears before the end of the laft-named naonth*. 25? \\ \ I %lvia Sylviella, Ind; Qru. ii. pi ^15:. 24* Motacilla longiroAra, Der Spifskopf. Naturf. tj, S. 43. x- LefTcr White-throat, Gtn. Sjn. Sup. p. 185. pi. 113. 'IPHIS is fufficiently defcribed in our former Supplement, fo as to make any thing further on that head unnecefTary. Mr. Beck- Jlein makes the Ic igth of its bill, a charaderiftic diftindion, and it certainly is a trifle more fo in> proportion than in the Reed IVren^ . Willow Wreuy or Lejfer Pettichaps j but it appears even greater than it really is, from the face itfelf being a trifle prolonged. It both hops and flits well, and may be obfervcd at times fitting with its bill upright, continually. opening and fhutting it, and haclhly uttering the y*oxA& aetfch atfih'*, 1 muft. not omit, that a fcw< years fince I re- ceived this very bird (torn Sweden, under the name q( Motacilla Cur- ruca ; but w hether it is the fame or not with what goes by the name ofKruka in that country, and is defcribed under that head in the Btckjlfin, f.- IJESSER WHITBY THROAT. ! I Fan fig 240 WARBLER. Fattna Suecka *, can fcarcely be determined. I have in another pUcef given fome reafons for fuppofing it to be the M$t. Sylvia of Linmeus ; but whether I may have been right in that conjecture, or that it is the Mot. Curruca of that author, or diftinft from either, I leave others to determine* •GRASSHOPPER W. D«!*lUPTJON. Sylvia locuflelU, M. Om. ii. p- 515. 35« Ficedula pe£lpre fufco, Gsrin. Qrn, vr. t. 393. 2 i Fauvetie tachetec, /f/. £«/«/». 581. 3. Grafshopper Warbler, Cen» Sjn, iv. p. 429. 20. C I Z E of a Reed Wren j the weight three drams, fometimes more : length rather more than fix inches \ expands feven inches and an half: the bill is flender; the upper mandible dufky, the under whitilh, with a duflcytip: over the eye in the male is an indifiinft trace of buff colour: the upper parts of the plumage not unaptly refembles the Sedge Warbler ; but the tail differs, for it is cuneiform in a confi- fiderable degree, the two middle feathers being full two inches and an half long, and much pointed at the tips j the outer one only one inch and a quarter, and rounded at the ends, the intermediate ones de- creafing in (harpnefs, in proportion as they arc more outward : the ■ firft quill is fhtwter than the fecond ; the under parts of the body are plain dull white, inclining to dufky rufous on the breaft; over the thighs, the vent, and under tail coverts, dull white, with a dufky llrcak down the Ihaft: the tail feathers viewed obliquely, app^iar to ♦ N* 847. In this work, Lititutut fays, ** extima (reftrlce) margine interiore *' alba,"— in the Sjjitma N»im-ie, he writes, " extima (reprice) margine tenuiore " alba," no doulK meaning that the margin of the inner web is white. Yet add« at the end oi the description in the Fauna Suecica: " Reprices fufcae, (ed margine ex- " exttfiore longitudinallter alba," which is the cate in our bird, at lead the outer web is very pale, approaching to *'hite. "^^ ¥w t Supplem. p. 1.86. have WARBLER. have eleven or twc've undulated bars of a darker hue acroni them, but in full light, fuch appearance vanifhes : legs one inch long, and yellow. The Grajshopper Warblers come to us about the 17th o^ April: they ' frequent commons for the moft part, and are met with there among the bulhes and furze, but are excefllvely fhy, and keep conftantly in the middle of the bufli j like otherfi of the genus, the males arrive firfl:, and are to be feen on the top of the fpray, emitting a kind of grinding note, but at fonie times has a very agreeable kind of warble j and the male is faid fometimes to entertain its mate with a fong of nights, when the weather is mild and favourable. The neft is of an elegant fir udure, and the egg of the fize of the White Throat^St not quite fo round ; of a delicate blueifh white, or pale blue. This Ipecies is faid to be found in America *. Sylvia dartfordienfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 517. 31. Curruca fepiaria, Gerin. Orn. iv. t. 39 1, f. 2 ? Dartford Warbler, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 435, 27.— /3' BLACK POLL W. Description. -ril j,., ,. i I I , I i MIt-J Sylvia cucullata, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 528. 72. COWLED W. •T^HIS is grecnifli above j beneath white: forehead and cheeks DiscRipTioN. black : tail cuneiform. I met with this in the Leverian Mufeum j and is probably a variety of the Hooded fFarl^ler, or not very far different. Motacilla Cyane, InJ. Ortt. ii. p. 541. 122,— Pa//, rei/e. iii. p. 697. 18. *5- ^ IJ^DIGO W. TJR. Pallas informs us that this bird is the fize of the Ruby-throat Description. Tbrufl} : the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts is deep blue ; beneath white : from the bill to the wings a flreak of black: outer tail feathers white. I i a This i ■' : 1' i 244 Place. 1 6. LOUISIANA W. DiSCRirTlON. WARBLER. This is found in the fpring, about the extreme boundaries of Dauuria, between the river:> Onon and Argum but is a fcarce bird. Sylvia Ludoviciana, /W. Orn ii. p. 548. 150. Moucilla Caroliniana, Gn:u Wren, BattrCTrav. p.' 289. 'TpHTS is bigger than the Common Wren\ length five inches: bill ftouter and longer, and a tritt^r curved; colour pale brown, with the tip and under mandible pa!e : top of the head deep brown, in- clining to chefnut down the middle : upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, undulated aciofs as in the Common Wren\ under parts buflT colour : chin and belly nearly white : fides of the head mottled pale brown and whitifh j over the eye a pale ftreak, pafllng on each fide of the neck to the lower part of it ; and beyond the eye pale brown and whitifh mixed ; beginning of the back deep brown, nearly black,, dotted with white : legs long, (tout, and brown. Defcribed from a fpccimen in the colleftion of Mr. Francillon. Mr. Bartram's bird is faid to have the throat and breafi: of a pale clay colour. 17. MEDITERRA- NEAN W. Description. Place. 18. FERRUGINOUS W. Description. ^LACE. Sylvia mediterranea, la J. Orn. ii. p. 5;!. 156. Motacilla corpore ex fufco virldefcente, peAore ferragineo, Haftlq. Voy, 286. 5.. rp HE upper mandible in this bird is a trifle curved at the tip: general colour of the plumage greenifh brown; beneath ferru- ginous; fore part of the neck and breaft fulvous.. Inhabits Spain* Sylvia gularls, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 552. 160. — J, T. Milltr, tab. 30. C. 'J^ H TS is ferruginous above, and white beneath, with the wings and tail black. Inhabits South America^ W A R B 1L E R. ^vIviaTrchecantfchia, Inil Orn. ii. p. 551. 161,'^Leptcb. U. n. p. i86* 445 !f^ WHITE- COLLARED W. 'T'lilS fpecies is dufky above, and ferruginous beneath: the head Discriftion. is black i the nape whitUh ■, back black: a collar, and an ob- long fpot on rhe wings, both white. Inhabits Sibiria, Placi, Sylvia Kamtfi hatlcnfis, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 51; a. i6x. Lung-bil!w'd Wa. o'er, ArB Zooi. ii. p. 420. O. 20. LONG-BILLED W. rpHE upper parts of the plumage are olive brown: forehead, Descrii-tiow, cheeks, and chin, pale ferruginous : the bill long. Inhabits Kamtfchatka^ Flack. ar. SHORE W. Sylvia littorea, InJ. Om. ii. p« 5;2' i^j. 'T'HIS is dull green above, yellow white beneath : quills and tail Dbscriptionw dulky. Inhabits the fhores of the Cafpian Sea .* lives on worms -, and is a Place. fuiging bird. ~ ^ Sylvia longiroftris, InJ, Om, ii. p. 552. \6/^.'^S. G. Gmelht. It, \\\, p. 98. 1. 19. r AS*pr AM f. 2. W. 'TpHE up^r parts in this fpecies are afli colour; the under black : De8criptio«. the bill long. Inhabits the mountains bordering on the Cafpian Sta, Place. Sylvia ochrura, InJ. Orn,\\. p. 552. i6^,^-S, G, Gmel. It, iv. p. I'^Z^—Pall. N. BifA* K NorJ. Beytr. iv. p. 56. BACKED W. CIZE of the Nightingale : bill brown : eyelids naked: crown and DEscRifTiow.. nape cinereous brown ; lower part of the lad and the back black : rump - • |4 #fl lllif I ' 1; ■■■{ S; l. T A... V t i-' •■ ! .i.' : fliotographic Sciences Corporation •13 Vcj-T MAIN STRKf WE';>TER,N.y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 \ ;V ^^ rv ''b^ ^43 WARBLER. 30. TERRENE V/. DESCRimON. Plack. 3»- BLACK- CHEEKED W. Description. Placb. nr II E general colour of this bird is grcenifh yellow, inclining to brown, but paler beneath : quills black : the ends of the tail feathers pale afli colour : bill and legs black. Inhabits New Holland ; not uncomnnon at Port Jackjon: it is a bird of fhort flight ; not fo often feen on trees as on the ground i in this agreeing with the Wagtails. "DIGGER than a Sparrow: bill and legs dufky: tongue briflly at the end : upper parts of the plumage reddilh brown j the under dufky white : cheeks black j in the middle of the patch the eye placed ; through the eye an irregular ilreak of fine yellow, which is feen alfo beneath the eye, but not above it : chin blue grey. Inhabits New South Wales: is a lively fpecies, and is fuppofed to live principally on honey, as thofe birds whofe tongues are jagged at the end are found to do. 12- RUFOUS- VENTED W. DsscRxmoN. PtACK. TTHIS fpecies is about one-third bigger than the Blue-throated Warbler i which it fomewhat refembles: bill and legs duflcy: tongue bifid at the tip, and feathered on the fides : plumage above flaty grey, coming forwards on each fide of the neck, and forming on the bread a bar or crefccnt, at which part it inclines to blue : above this the chin and fore part of the neck are white: breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, rufous : tail even at the end. Found with the laft defcribed. m W A R B L E K. •> '■leT ; ">' C I Z E of the lafl: : bill (lender ; both that and the legs dufky black : the head, hind part of the neck, backr wings, and tail pale afti or flate colour ; wings and tail darkeft : rump yellow : all the under parts golden yellow j but from the chin to the breaft deepeft : be- tween the bill and eye, and juft round the latter, black. ; Inhabits the fame places as the forrrier ones. ^HIS is a trifle larger than i\\t Red-breaft : the bill is flender and dulky : irides hazel : legs yellow : the plumage above brownifh alh colour; beneath wholly ferruginous, inclining to yellow : wings and tail brown ; the laft rounded in fliape. Inhabits New South Wales* 'T* H E upper parts of the plumage is ferruginous brown j beneath yellowifh white j clouded on the breaft with pale blue, and on the fides with ferruginous : over the eye an irregular dufky brown (Ireak : tail dull pale yellow, blotched down the middle with fpots of brown, , Found with the laft. 'T'HIS Is brown above j beneath blueilh white: quills black; acrofs the middle of them a patc'i of white: tail longifti; all but the two middle feathers white: leg: lead colour. Inhabits New South Wales : not unlike the Dirigang Creeper in co- lour, but is clearly diftind from that bird. «49 GOLD- BELLIED W. Descriptiow. Place. 34- RUDDY W. Dbscriftion. Placb. SS- CHASTE W. DesCRIPTIOK. Place* 36- WHITE- TAILED W. Desckiption. Pla CI. n«I ' 'H 1 t i ,.<■ c ; ^'M : ^ ^"^ 1 » ' ,' i ' . ' \ ' \ i Supp. II, K k 250 WARBLER. 37- CRIMSON BREASTED W. DuiCRIPTJON. Plack. 38- RTTSTY- SIDED W. Description. Flaci. CIZE uncertain: bill and leg«; brown: pluma2;e above blue; be- neath vflnt*; : fore part of ti\e neck and breaft fine crimfon. Inhabits New South JVales. C I Z E of a U^ren : bill diifky : legs pale : the greater part of the head and wings, lower part of the back, and all except the two middle tail feathers green : hind part of the neck, the beginning of the back, and the two middle tail feathers blue grey ; under parts of the body whitifh, but the fides of it are ferruginous : between the bill and eye a narrow ftreak of black. Found with the laft. 39- SWALLOW W. DfilCRlPTION. Place* 40. VARIABLE W. Descriptiow. Place. Sylvia Hyrundinacea, Nat. Mi/c. iv. pi. 114. 'T^HIS is a fnnall fpecies: all above the plumage is black } from the chin to the breaft fine crimfon j from thence to the vent white, divided down the middle with a broad black ftreak : t'le vent and under tail coverts orange. Inhabits the fame places as the laft, of which it is probably a va- riety. DILL black: legs pale brown: plumage above brown, clouded with purplifti red ; beneath blueifti white : the two middle tail feathers brown ; the others purplilh red, tipped with white. Inhabits Ntw South JVaUs. WARBLER. Mo^acilla flammea, Muf, Cttrlf.fafc. iv. tab. 97. '^pKIS elegant little bird is the fize of a Wren: the bill, legs, wings, and tail, are black : the head, neck, and back, a beautiful pale orange or flame colour : eyes black. : tongue furniflied with two hairs at the end : the belly pale grey. Inhabits the Palm 'Trees o(Java. Dr. Sparrman fays there are ^twtn prime quills, nine fecondaries, and ten tail feathers j but in the JVar- bler genus we find in general not fewer than twelve. Motacilla PuflUa, Whitt*tJourH. t. p. 257. 'T^HIv^ is about the fize o( the Superb Warbler: the upper parts of the plumage brown ; pale beneath, with a band of brown to- wards the tip of the tail : bill and legs black. \^2^i\x.% Ne^v South Wales : has evidently fome affinity with the fpecies to which it is compared above i but the tail is not cuneated« being even at the end. 41. FLAME- COLO'oKIvD W. Description. Plao. 4.2. DWARF W. Dbscription. Placi. ■™^ .''Uii, : ii r . ♦ 1 >■ \ •1 , 1 1 i ! • Kk % \ ' 1 i 1 : ! ■■ 1 1 >, f t 1. ■ t, -■ i ^r^— •sasn^!^ mmM V ! h ! 7^2 M A N A K I N. GiNus XLIV. MAN AKIN. N* I. SUPliRB M. Dbscriftiok. I. 2. 3- 4- Superb M. Picicitli M. Miacatototl M. Speckled M. N' 5. Supercilious M. 6. Cerulean M. .7. Long-tailed M. 8. Crimfon- throated M. Pipra fuperba, /»^ affedts K : . W : M A N A K I N.' afFc T. \ 1: '1 ' t> '.•.', M m ■•Ui i yn'W ' u ■ I. ., tl It*';'" ■!■ 356 TITMOUSE. ALPINE T. Description. Pl( ce. Parus alpinijs, Ind. Orn, ii. p. 569. 21.— .5. G. Gmel. h. iv. p. I'jx.'^PalU N. Nerd. Biytr. iv. p. 49. C I Z E and (hape of the Long-tailed Tmnouje : the feathers on the upper part of the body are black, margined with alh colour j be- neath pale rufous, fpotted with black : a white line from the bafe of the bill, running towards the nape: 'quills black: tail the flime, a trifle forked in fhape ; the outmofl: feather marked with a cuneiform fpot of white at the tip. Inhabits the higher parts o{ Per/In i and lives on infcds. 4- INDIAN T. .Description. Placb. Parus indicus, /««/. Orn. u.,p. 572, 29.— Afij/I Car!/, fafc. ii. tab. 50. CI Z E of the Greater Titmouje: bill and legs brown : forehead- duiky; the reft of the upper parts of the plumage cinereous : chin and throat duflcy white : breaft, belly, and vent, ferruginous : wing co- verts dufky black, with cinereous margins : quilis and tail dulky \ the laft a trifle forked. Inhabits In ! . KNJAESCIK Description. Place. Parus Knjaefcik, /»• -'. ■*K. hm n niM H Ml LI.CXXXV. ':'fm- I'ul'Urhd. Of tfuAetdinetrJtcu/3o. teoi, b^.Lc^li.SodieA^ tcJbnMrA'jYreec, Ciftm harden . i I S W A L L O W. 257 1 i '1 Genus XLVI. SWALLOW. N" 1. Efculcnt Sw. 2. Acukated Sw. 3. Ncedle-tuikd Sw. N' 4. New Holland Sw. 5. Javan Sw. IJirundo cfculcnta, Ind. Orit.W. p. 580. 26. — Oltur. MuJ\ tab. 14. fig. 2 and 6. (the nejl.j Chincfifche Fclfen Schwalbe, De Vries, S. 279. Small Grey Swallow, with a dirty white belly, Emb. to China, i. p, 288.— Z***. ii. p. 5. Efculcnt Swallow, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 578. 28. ClZE of the Sand Martin: length four inches and a half: from Desc the tip to tip of the wings expanded, full eleven inches: the bill is fmall and black; gape wide : general colour of the plumage dufky black, and glofly above ; all the under parts from the chin to the vent pale afli colour : the wings are very long, meafuring from the joint of the fhoulder to the end of the quills, four inches and a half; and when clofed, exceeding the end of the tail by at lead one inch : the tail is rather forked, all the feathers rounded at the ends, and all of a plain dufky black colour; the three outer feathers on each fide are one inch and three quarters long, and of nearly equal lengths, but the three interior Ihorten by degrees as they approach inwards, the two middle ones being no more than one inch and a quarter : the legs are dulky, and bare of feathers. We are inclined to credit, with Sir George Staunton*, the poflibility of more than one fpecies being concerned in making the much ef- teemed ncfts ; but in cafe it be not fo, the bird formerly fuppofed Supp. II, f Emb, to China, i. p. 290. L 1 to ESCULENT SW. RIPTION. , I 1 1 ; '■.• ' 1 t 1 ■ r . V; ) 1 • : . U V; ill • - *'''.'!, 2$^ ii; 2. ACULEATED SW. h SWALLOW. to be the fabricator of the lefts in queftion, mud be totally diftinft from the one here defcribed, as that is reprefented fmaller than a Pf^ren, with a white belly, and white fpots X)n the end of the tail *, but no fuch marks are to be found in our fpecies. It is far from improbable to fuppofe, that even more than the two fpecies above hinted may be concerned. fVillugbby, Ray^ Kleiti, and fome others, call their bird particoloured, the meaning of which is by no means clear. De Fries y fpecifically as large as a Swallow, and black f ; and Sir George Staunton, in his fhort defcripiion, fays, fmall grey Swallows, with bellies of a dirty white j but he obferves, they were fo fmall, and flew fo quick, that they efcaped the fliot fired at them. The way to reconcile thefe differences muft be left to future ohfervers. The fpecimen from which the figure is taken, Is now with its young in my colle«5lion, prefented to me by Sir Jojeph Banks, having been fent to him from Sumatra. I have alfo been enabled to give a figure of the neft, being not only furniftied with an accurate drawing of one, but [likewife the neft itfelf, from Mr. Hay, ]\imor y of Port/ea, Hirundo Pelafgia, Ind. Orn. il. p. 581. ^o.-Sartram'i Trav, p. 290. Aculeated Swallow, Gen. Sjn. iv. p. 583, 32. 'T' HIS Mr. Bartram calls the Houfe Swallow, becaufe it builds in chimnks, in the fame manner as our Chimney Swallow does in Europe -, which laft is alfo found in America. He obferved vaft flights not only of this, but the Bank Martin, pafs northward from Carolina and Florida, towards Pennfylvania, where they breed in fpring, about • Defcribed by M. It Poivre, and taken up by Brijfon and Linnaut, and after- wards by M. Btfffbn.-Stt alfo Gerin. Orn. iv. t. 41 1. fig. a. In all thefe figures, the wings reach no farther than the rump. f " Men find int Konighryck Tanqutn, des gelyckc op de Kiift van Coromandel ^ Seekere Soort von Swarte Vogelen fo groot aU «ene gemceae Swalaw." 9 the ■m SWALLOW. the iTiiddle o( March ^ and likewife in September and Q^loler^ on their return fouthward. 'T' H I S is tv/ice the fize of the laft, though in many things not un- like : tiie bill is broad and flat, and the claws ftrong : the general <:olour is dufl<:y, with a glofs of green on the wings and tail, and the inner wing coverts mixed with white : the forehead is white, and the throat nearly fo, being very pale : the tail feathers furniflied at the ends with prqjeding points, as Iharp as a needle. Inhabits New South Wales \ met with in mod plenty in February i and among other infedts, obferved to feed on a large locuft, which at that feafon is very common. C I ZE of the laft: general colour dufky brown, and without any tinge of green on the upper parts: throat and rump blueifh white: the tail feathers run to a point, but are deftitute of the needle-fhaped procefles at the tips. It is found with the laft, and report affirms it to be the female; but it may be doubted, becaufe in the AnericMti fpecies, both fexes have the tails alike. Hirundo javanica, Muf. Carl/, iv. tab. loo. A Trifl6 lefs than the Chimney Swallow : bill flat, pointed, black ; noftrils oval ; gape wide j tongue bifid : wings longer than the tail : the body above blueifh black, glofTy : forehead, thioat, and fore ,part of the neck ferruginous : breaft, belly, rump, and under part of the wings, pale afli colour : quills black : tail even at the end j the two middle feathers plain black, the others the fame, marked with a 'white fpot on each : legs black. Inhabits Java -, makes the neft in the earth. LI a 259 NEEDLE- TAILED SW, Description. Place. 4. NJiW. HOLLAND SW. Description. Place. JAVAN SW. Description. ■ .1 1' I,- *. * 1 » 4 i ^1 i ; #' 1 t 1 • f Flack. aCo GOATSUCKER. Genus XLVII/ GOATSUCKER. BOMBAY G. Descriftion. Place. N" I. Bombay G. 2. New Holland G, 3. Banded G. 4. Strigoid G. N" 5. Great-headed G. 6. Gracile G. 7. Fork-tailed G. 8. Leona G. Caprltnulgus aflatlcus, /W. Or«. ii. p. ;83. 16, L'Engoulevent a collier, Levaill. Oif. i. p. 1 86. pi. 49. Bombay Goat-fucker, G^w. S>«. 5«/. p. 195. 16. 'T' H I S, by Af, Levaillantt is likened to our European fpecies in fize*. and differs not in defcription from the Bombay Goatjucker above referred to, except in having the white on the throat broadening out on the fides into fine yellow orange. The female is faid to be fnvalleri and the white on the throat in- clines to rufous, but without the accompanying orange feathers fo confpicuous in the ma/e j and the fpot on the tail rufous inftead of white. It is in the orange flreak being a continuation of the white one on the throat, that this bird differs from our Bombay fpecies, in which it is not feen ; and may arife from different periods of age. This is found in the inward parts of the Cape of Good Hopey but not at the Cape itfelf j is well knov/n on the borders of the Gamtoos, in HoUniqua Landi efpecially towards the buy o{ Lagoa^ or Blettenberg; called there Night Owl; feeds on infeds, efpecially beetles, which it takes from the ground, as it does others in flying, fwallowing them whole, like the reft of this genus. They pair in September', lay two white eggs on the ground, fome- times in a hedge i the male and female fit by turns : if the eggs are diflurbed,. ^i GOATSUCKER. difturbed, take them to another place in their bills i make a horrid noife for an hour at leafl: after fun-fet, and before fun-rife, fo as to difturb the neighbouring inhabitants j and in fine nights* fomctimes the whole night through* Caprimulgus Novae Hollandise, Ind. Orn. ii.p. 588. 18. Crefted Goat-fucker, Phill. Sot. Bay, t. p. z^o.'—Whitt^s'Journ. t. p. 241. T ENGTH nine inches and a half: general colour of the plumage on the upper parts brown, mottled and croffed with obfcure bars of white : quills plain brown, but the edges of four or five of the outer ones dotted with du(ky white : the tail rounded in fhape, or (light- ly cuneiform ; the two middle feathers five inches long, the outmoft four i the two middle ones croffed on both webs with twelve dulkjr white bars, dotted with brown ; but the others only on the outer webs: the under parts of the body moftly white ; but the throat, breaft^ and fides are marked with narrow dufky bars : bill black j in fide of the mouth yellow i fides of it fumifiied widi bridles, as in many of the genus i befides which, at the bafe of the bill, before the eyes, are ten or twelve ftiff briftles, barbed fparingly on each fide, and ft^anding ereft, fo as to reprefent a creft : the legs are pale yellow : the toes long and flender : claws black, but not pedlinated. Inhabits Ne-w Holland: no account -has been hitherto learned of the manners, further than that it appears about our fettlement at Fort Jackfofiy in March. In fome drawings in poffefllon of Mr. Lambert ^ I obferved one very fimilar, though fmaller j but does not feem to differ fufRciently to rc-> quire a feparate defcription. ft6i 2-. NEW. HOLLAND G. D£8CRiPTI9ir» PjiikCl, \\ \'' I % ''} '\ ! 1 , 1 !;■ 1- ■• 1 ' 1 ■ i ■ ■■Uy i 1 ■ V • 1 1 : V' i i ■ 1 1 ' 1 • 1 0, iSi GOATSUCKER. BANDED G. Description. Place. STRIGOID G. JDlSCRIFTION. 'T' H E fize of this bird is rrot certain, but fuppofed to be ten or eleven inches long: the bill is black, not very large, and bent; and the gape exceedingly wide, as ufual in the genus : the irides orange or yellowifli : the head is full of feathers, and of a dirry flefli colour i the red of the neck and under parts of the body not much different, with a ferruginous tinge : under the eye, on the fides of the neck, and beneath tlie wings, crofled every where with broken dufky lines and other markings : the crown and back part of the neck are black, coming forwards on each fide in a curved point over the eye : acrofs the nape is a band of black, ending on each fide about the middle of the neck, where it divides into two parts : the back and wings are dufky blue, powdered with black: quills dulky, edged and fpotted with dulky ruft colour : tail dujky, with dull pale ferru- ginous fpots on each fide of the webs of the feathers; in fhape fomewhat forked : legs reddifh flefh colour. Inhabits New South fVales^ where it is called by the Englijht Muf- quito Hawk, a name, it muft be remarked, the Goatjucker of North jimerica is known by : moft frequent in July, 'T'HIS is twice the fize of the European fpecies; and at a diftance having the appearance of the Short-eared Owl: the general colour of the plumage is ruily brown above ; marked on the head with rufty brown fl:reaks, and the back motded and ftreakcd with the fame : on the wing coverts are three oblique palifh mottled bars : quills brown, with pale fpots on the outer margins : the under parts of the body not unlike the upper, marked with narrow fagittal ftreaks of brown: tail fomewhat forked; th|e nde$ of the head, through the eye. ':m LI.CXXXVI. 1Bf '■ ■ AibHthdeir tht ^etrOrtt^Jkttuf Jo.fgo/.bj/ Zti^Jv. SodUby k J^a.. Tork Mtu ■ a>rau Btuydtn 1 ' ■(,! ■ ' .1 t- * . ■> f 1 ■ ^ ^h ; 1 , -1 ■■ ■l \ ■ ■ ■h ^^ t^ , »l r'r--'. 1 ' .1 ',/;•. ii, I ,^- •i >ftX',, *. GOATSUCKER. eye, pale brown ; above the eye, a pale clouded whitifh ftreak : bill black : legs yellowifh. Inhabits the fame parts, and at the fame time with the lad: the native name Bir-reagel. •T*HIS is a large fpecies, being full thirty inches in length : the bill very ftout, more fo than in any other fpecies j colour pale brown : general colour of the plumage dull black or dufky brownj mottled and ftreaked with whitifli and ruft colour: brcaft pale dull ferruginous: belly pale afh colour: the quills are barred or fpotted with black and white alternate, the tail the fame ; on both webs the white tranfverfe mark being bordered above with black ; in Ihape rounded at the end : the head and neck are remarkably I3rge and full of feathers, with a feries of longer feathers arifing at the bafe of the bill, (landing up like a crcft: irides yellow: legs pale yellowifh brown. Inhabits New South Wales, with the others. 'T' H I S is a large fpecies : the bill ftout, pale brown, with feveral efe£t briftles at the noftrils : irides and legs yellow : the plumage above is mottled and ftreaked, not greatly unlike our European fpecies, but feems to be of a more flender make, and has a larger tail in pro- portion : all the under parts from the chin are whitifh, mottled and ftreaked with ferruginous yellow. Inhabits New South ff'^aUs j called by the natives Poo-hook, 263 Flags. GREAT- HEADED G. Description. ?L ACE. r>. GRACILE G. Deschiptiom. Flacb. ■# i / I 1 ,Mr. t ■ > ;i\ I 1 i M i • U !' 1 »" •i , ;k ' y..^ 1. 1^:11:/ pis! 2^4 GOATSUCKER. FORK-l.AlLED G. DESCRil'TION-i Place. Engoulcvent a queue fourchue, Levaill. 01/. i. p. 178. pi. 47, 48. 'T^ HIS is a very large fpecies, exceeding in length every other yet recorded i for it meafures from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail, twenty-fix inches: the body does not exceed the fize of the Brown Owl; but the neck and the tail make two-thirds of the general length : tlie bill is black, much bent, and when the mouth is clofcd, appears very fmallj on the contrary, the gape is aftonilhingly large j the upper mandible has a fingulaf kind of notch about the middle, into which the under one fhuts, whereby the union of the two becomes moft complete : the plumage is not far different in colour from that of the European fpecies, being compofed of a mixture of black, brown, rufous, and white j but the mofl confpicuous character is the enor- mous length of tail, whkh is greatly forked in fhape, the middle feathers not being more than half the length of the outer ones: the legs are yellow. A male and female of thefe were by chance procured by Mr. Le- vaillant j they had taken their abode in a hollow decayed tree, which had fallen by the iide of the river oi Lions, in Great Namaqua Land, in the interior of the Cape of Good Hope. It makes a noiie founding fomewhat like Gher^ r, r, r, r, in this not greatly differing from the European fpecies. 8. LEONA G. Description! Caprimulgus macrodipterus, AfzeVius Defer. Sierra Leon. tab. in D°. Leona Goat-fucker, Nat. Mife. 8. pi. 65. 'T' HIS Angular fpecies is about the fize of the European one, and not far different from it in the general markings : the length from the bill to the end of the tail is eight inches and a quarter i but the ' '. ■. GOATSUCKER. the remarkable circumftance belonging to it, is the having a fingle ^ feather fpringing out of the middle part of the coverts of each wing, full twenty inches in length: this continues as a plain unwebbed fliaft for fourteen inches and three quarters, having a few folitary hairs on the infide only, from thence it expands into a broad web for the remaining five inches and a quarter of its length. This part is molded, not unlike the darker part of the reft of the plumage, and croffed with five dufky bars : the web or blade has almoft the whole of its breadth on the inner fide, being there more than one inch broad, but very narrow on the outer part of the fliaft : the legs are fmall. Inhabits Sierra Leona^ in j^/rica ; feveral of them have been brought into England: one of which was added to my colle6tion by Th, fVilfon, Efquire. 26$ Pl ACI. \ 'if^r iiiip 1:. ■ f ;, :.. ■• i". ■ Supp. IL M m : f\ a66 PIGEON. Order IV. COLUMBINE. Genus XLVIII. PIGEON. * With moderate Tails. N* I. Bronze-winged P. 2. Brown P. 3. Egyptian P. 4. W hire- faced P. 5. Pied P. 6. Waalia P. N» 7. Southern P. 8. Pale P. 9, Surat P. ** With Long Tails. 10. Bantamefe P. 1 1 . Black-winged P. 12. St. Domingo P. BRONZE- WINGED P. Description. • With moderate Tails. . Columba Chalcoptera, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 604. 39. Bronze- winged Pigeon, Phill, Bot. Bayt t. p. iSz.^^White's Journ. t. p. 146. — Lev. Muf. p. 227. t. 55. CIZE of a Common Pigeon: bill and legs red: the general colour of the plumage is cinereous brown on the upper parts i on the under cinereous, with a tinge of red on the bread : on the middle of the wing a large patch or rather double bar of beautiful refplendent copper bronze, varying in different lights to red and green, arifing from each of the middle coverts, having a large oval fpot of bronze on the outer webs near the ends; Ibme of the adjacent feathers have alfo fimilar fpots, but in a lefs degree, and making no part of the large patch; the tail confifts of fixteen feathcrsi the two middle ones blown J PIGEON. 467 brown j the others dove colour, croflfed with a bar of black near the ends : the forehead in fome fpecimens is buflf colour, nearly white, with the chin the lame, pafling beneath the eye : in others, the whole of the face is brown, with a dark ftreak through the eye. This inhabits Norfolk IJland, alfo various parts of New Hollami, Placb. and no where more frequent than in the neighbourhood of Sidney Cwve and Botany Bay, more efpccially in fandy and defcrt tra<5lsi is only feen from September to February ^ and at that time very numerous j and chiefly in pairs. They make a ncft either in the ftump of fome low tree, or on the ground j lay two white eggs in a very flight neft, and hatch in November : are obferved to feed chiefly on a fruit like a cherry, the ftones of which have been found in quantities in their ftomachs. The places they frequent are eafily known, as they make a loud kind of cooing noife, which at a diftance may be miftaken for the lowing of a cow. The name it is known by, in New Holland, h Goad-gang, and by the Englijh, Ground Pigeon, being unable to take long flights, and feen chiefly on the ground or low trees; called by fome alfo Brujh Pigeon* Columba brufinca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 603. 38". ddAwm 'P'HE bill and legs iathis fpecies are blood red: the crown, upper DascRfpTioK part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, red brown: breaft, fore part of the neck,* and rump, glofly green. Inhabits Newt Zealand. Colhmba iEgypuaca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 607. \q.—'ForJk. Faun. Arab, p. 5. 15. 'TP HE bill is black : head flefli colour, with a tinge of violet : orbits naked, and blueilh : the feathers of the throat are cuneiform,. black, divided at the tips into two flender lobes, which diverge, are truncated at the ends, and of a rufty flefli colour : back cinereous : M m 2 breaft Place* .1. EGYPTIAN P. Description* •i'. : .fa i 1 » 1'. , ! :} • 1 \ % ' t I t t !'' ■ 1 s68 Place. WHITE-FACED P. DescRiPTiONi Placb. 5- PlED P. DCSCRIFTJOK. PIGEON., breaft violet flefti colour: belly and thighs whitifti : wings chiefly brown : the two outermofl: tail feathers arc cinereous at the bafe, in the middle black, the reft white ; the two next on each fide cinereous at the bafe, black in the middle, and whitilh at the very tip; the fifth on each fide brown, with a dufky middle \ and the two middle ones wholly brown : legs flefli colour. Inhabits Egypt j moftiy feen about houfes : whether this is the moft common fpecle* which frequents thofe parts is not faid j but Savary * informs us, that in Egypt, Pigeons are more numerous than in any other country whatever, being in fuch vaft flights as to darken the air i and this feems credible, as every hamlet, every town, as we arc told, forms one vaft pigeon houfe. npHlS is much larger than our Turtle : the bill and legs reddifh: face and fides of the head, as far as the eyes, white: before each eye a triangle of black, and behind a crimfon fpot : crown and hind head pale afh ; and the reft of the neck duflcy : upper part of the body and wings dull green ; fome of the inner quills ferruginous : beneath from the breaft white j fides of the breaft next the wings black : fides of the body marked with a double feries of black fpots. Inhabits New Holland : native name Goad-gang. CIZE of the laft: bill and legs the fame: the whole of the face, reachi.ig beyond the eyes, white : the general colour of the plumage greeniih black on the upper parts, which colour wholly fur- rounds the necki and below this, coming forward on each fide irre- gularly on the breaft, but not meeting thereon; from that part where I • Letters on Egypt. Let. 3 1 . the PIGEON. the black furrounds the neck, the under parts are white, but the fides of the body near the wings, and the vent, marked with feveral fpots of black : the tail is black, tipped with white. This fcems greatly allied to the laft, perhaps differing only in fex or age. Both of theni were feen at Port Jack/ont in New Holland^ in December. Waalia Pigeon, Bruci't Trav. iv. p. 28a. 290. — / Sonn. Vy, Ind. ii. p. 179; C IZE of the Collared Turtle: bill black: irides aiid legs red: the: general colour of the plumage is grey : the upper part of the neck black; the nape white: back part of the neck fafciated with^ 9 rufous.: PIGEON. rufous ; the wing co verts cinereous grey, with the (hafts of the fea- thers black. Inhabits /;/ 'KH ■n^lj ' , * ik'^ l"j| iifeMi;!:' ■ ' ' ii ' iiiiif r^^'v " »i ■ ■If '( I k l*l,,v< M E N U R A. Genus UII*. M E N U R A. niLL ftout, conico-convex, a trifle naked at the bafe. Nostrils oval, placed in the middle of the bill. Tail long, confifting of fixteen loofe webbed feathers ; the two middle ones narrow, exceeding the others greariy in length; the outer one on each fide growing much broader, and curved at the end. Legs ftout, made for walking. npHIS Angular bird is about the fize of a Hen Pheafanti the total length from the point of the bill to the end of the longeft tail feathers is more than three feet and a half: the bill, from the rip to the beginning of the feathers at the bafe, is one inch and a quarter, but to the gape about half an inch more j it is nearly ftraight, except towards the end, where it is fomewhat curved ; the noflrils are a longilh oval flit, placed beyond the middle part, where it is deprefledj round the eye fo litde furniflied with feathers, as to appear nearly bare : the head of tlie male is fomewhat crcfted : the general colour of the plumage on the upper parts brown : the greater part of the wing inclining to rufous : the fore part of the neck, from the chin to the breaft, inclines alfo to rufous, but the reft of the parts be- neath are of a. brownifli afh colour, paler towards the vent : the tail confifts of fixteen feathers, and is of a fingular conftruClion, being chiefly compofed of loofe webbed feathers, much refembling thofe fpringing from beneath the wings of the greater Bird of Paradtje, but the vanes are placed at a quarter of an inch diftance each } thefe feathers are twelve in number, and more than two feet in length j befides thefe are, firftly, two flendcr feathers which take rife from the centre of the tail above, and reach confiderably beyond the ends of the others, and curve towards the end, they are fully webbed on the outer fide, but on the inner only furniflied with fliort vanes, one eighth of an inch long j and laftly, the exterior feather on each fide IS Angularly confpicuous, in length fomev;hat fliortcr than any of die others, but the webs fully conncdted throughout, at the bafe about M m 5 an ayi^ SUPERB M. Description. , I /I . ■ \ 1 • y . \ if \ t •t 1 ■ ■ 1 ,V 1 Sf V /' mm ' I: .1 ■ i'l I, ' a;^* ''*'i* is*' Placb. M E N U R A. an inch wide, gradually incrcafing from thence to the extremity, where it is full two inches broad, and confiderably curved j the outer web is pale brown, and narrow ; the inner very broad, inclining to grey, but from the middle to the edge fine rufous, marked with fixteen curved marks feemingly of a darker colour, but on clofc infpedlion are pcrfe6lly tranfparent j the end of the feather dufky black, fringed all round with white : the thighs are covered with fea- thers quite to the knees : the legs fcaly and rough, furnifhed with flrong claws, curved much like thofe of a Fowl or 'Turkey : the colour of both bill and legs is glofly black. I find a fecond fpecimen of this bird in the Britijh Mufeum, fup- pofed to be. iht femaUy but I fufped it to be a young bird. In this the loofe webbed feathers are only fo from the middle to the ends, being the refl of their length clofely connected as in other birds, and not only the exterior feather has the crefcents, but the next to it like- wife on each fide, though much lefs diftinft. In this the two flender middle tail feathers were wanting, whether accidental or not could not be determined. Since my penning the above, I have been favoured by Mr. Tbompfony o( Saint Martin's Lane, with the infpedtion of fpe- cimens of both male a.ni\ female-, the former feemed to anfwer to the firft defcription -, the latter is in comparifon a very plain bird : it is not at all crefted, and thirty-five inches long from bill to tail, which is cuneiform in (hape; the Idngeft feathers being nineteen inches long, the outer eleven inches ; all the feathers as perfedly webbed as birds in general : the colour of the plumage is deep brown : belly inclining to afli colour, but the quills and tail are darker than the reft : the Quills reach about two inches on the bafe of the tail. The above curious bird inhabits New Hallandy where it is faid to be rare j as yet we know only of five fpecimens having arrived in England, nor have we been able to obtain any account of its manners, or name it is known by among the natives. It may be fufpedted that the bird rather affcds to be upon the ground, in the manner of our poultry, as the manifeft wearing of the ends of the claws feem to juftify ; but in all probability thefe birds may perch on trees »>f evenings occafionally, as is ufual in many of the gallinaceous tiibe. ?:fti, PHEASANT, Genus LIV. PHEASANT, N* 1. Superb Pfa. N" 2. Fire-backed Ph. Fhadanus fuperbus, Ind. On/, i. p. 628. 2. Vu.'^Lin, Manti/i. 177 1. p. 5«6. Var. Fhafianus variusj /r ■ I y ' 1 ■ .1 * 1 ■: 'I : t I If i .1' 1 •74 PHEASANT. FIRE- BACKED PH. DgscaiPTioN. Fire*backed Pheafant of Javai Emb. to Chin. \. 9. pi. 3ZI. p. 246. pi. I3.—» Mj/. Mi/c. CIZE of a common Fowl: the bill long, pale in colour, and pretty muchcurv€d, yet lefs fo than in the Impeyan Pbea/ant: the face and fides of the head, much beyond the eyes, covered with a bare rugofe fkin, as in others of the genus, and hanging in a kind of wattle on each fide the throat : the general colour of the plumage black, with a glofs of blue in fQn\e lights : the feathers at the back part of the head much lengthened into a fort of creft : the lower part of the back ferruginous, varying into a bright fiery orange colour in different refieAions of light; this furrounds the belly, and is much of the fame colour, but without the brilliancy of orange as above : the ftathers of the neck and breaft are rounded at the ends, and appear diftintfb and fcaly, as in the common Turkey : the tail of the fame colour as the body : legs ftout, fcaly, each furnifhed with a long and ftout fpur,. fharp at the end j thq colour p^le Hke that of the bill. The above was prefented to Sir Geor^f Staunton at Batavia j but whether indigenous to J(^a pr not, is hv from certain. The tail was mutilated, fo as to make it impofliblc to afecrtain of what length it had been originally. G R O U S. Genus LVI. G R O U S. N» I. Hybrid Gr. N" 2. Gooto Gr, Tetrao hybridus, ilil^ Car^/^j/?. i. t. 15 ? Hybrid Pheafant, White's Nat. Caltnd. pi. in p. 65. ^ H I S, from the appearance in the plate, is certainly more allied to the Gram than the Pheafant genus ; and does not feem to differ materially from that in the Carl/onion Mujeum, Did not Mr. White in another place * exprefsly fay, that the Black Grom was at the time of his writing extin6t at Selborne, we fhould have no hefitation to pronounce it a mixed breed between that bird and the Pheafant -, how- ever, the fa£b is not impofiible, as the Black Grous ftill remains in fe- veral parts of Hampjbire. This bird weighed three pounds three ounces and a half: the back, wings, and tail pale ruflet, curioufly ftreaked, fomewhat like the upper parts of a Hen Partridge : the tail blunt and fquare at the end : head, neck, and bread, gloflfy black ; fome of the feathers edged with pale yellow : round the eye a bare fcarlet red ipace ; the bill flout and black, as in the Black Grous : legs pale brown, totally bare of feathers; claws black. This was Ihot at large in a coppice in the Holt, a feat belonging CQ Lord Siaweh ? Mj/f, of Stlhme, p, i6. Na 3 *7i HYBRID GR. Dbscriftiok. II I 1 . I- , h • i ' ■'' ;^;iiuii %j6 G R O U S. GOOTO GR. DsSC&lf TIOK. Gooto, Bruce* s Trav. i. p. 80. 241.- Vf R. Bruce fays, that a bird like a PartrUge, and better than a Pigeon, is common in the defarts of /^rtf : he gives, however,, but an imperfed defcription. of this ipecies, if dtdindb from thofe al- ready known : he defcribes it as being of different colours in different places : that of the defarts of Tripoli and Cyrentucum very beautiful } that of Egypt fpotted white like a Guinea Fowl, but upon a brown ground, not a blue one, as the latter is. About tor, very fmall, and coloured like the back of a Partridge; but indifferent food, as all of them are. Mr. Bruce exprefsly fays, this is. not of the fame kind as the Partridge, as the legs and feet are covered with feathers, and has but two toes before. It feeds on infe(5ls. Mr. Garnet, in his Tour through the Highlands of Scotland, men-- tions, that on account of the difi^rent temperatures of the air of the mountain Benlomond,, the perpendicular height of which is faid to be 3,262 {ttt, that the Plovers abound near the middle of the moun^ tain, Grous a little higher, and near the top Ptarmigansy which were: rema.rkabjy tame. PARTRIDGE. Gknus LVII. partridge. N" I. Cape P. 3. Ceylon P. 3. Afiatic P. 4. Crowned P. 5. Common P. 6. Common Quail. N° 7. Californian Quail. 8. Kakerlik P. 9. Cambaian P. 10. New Holland Quail. 11. Cafpian P. 1 2. New Holland P. t • With FOUR Toes, PURNUHFo WITH a Srva iiHiNa. Perdix Capenfis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 643. i. Cape partridge, Gtn, Syn. iv. p. 756. TPHERE are many reafons to fuppofe this bird and the Senegal Partridge to be not far diftant in fpecies, though we by no means are able to confirm it. It may however be obferved, that both in- habit Africa, The firft fuppofed to be the male^ the latter the female, in incomplete plumage : our bird has two fpurs, the lower one of which is ftout and iharp j the Senegal Partridge has likewife two, but both of them blunt, a circumftance not uncommon in female birds,, both of the Partridge and Pbeafant genus. What the Partridges wiere which Mr. Levaillant talks of finding at the Cape, we are not able to affirm. He merely fays, they were as big as Pbeafants, and of three kinds, and in fuch quantities as ta ferve them as ordinary food ; and they put them by fcores into the pQt$» ill order to make foup of them *. • Ltvaill, Vcy, i. p. 97. (Fr. ed. 8vo.), •.<1 T ■ «77 r. CAPE P» ' : ,♦ ■' ! i t - ; 1 1 ,\' '\ ,♦ i , .. I I! .1 J i \m: IV f i : .)■■ "t. ■«t ^,\& aji PARTRIDGE; 2. CEYLON P. Tetrao Ceylonenfis, JaJ. Orn. ii. p. 644. 3. Ceylon Partridge, Gen. Syn. iv. p. 758. TN the only defcription extant of this bird, the fizc is not mentioned; but having feen drawings of nht femalej.hoxh in Lady Impey*s draw- ings, and thofe of Mr. MtddUtoitt it appears to be at lead as big as a Fowl. ASIATIC P. Description. Placb. Perdix afiatka* Imd. Om. ii. p. 649. 20. TpHIS is fix inches in length: the bill fliort, obtufe, brown ; the lower mandible pale : head and throat yellow brown : the upper parts of the body varied with rufous yellow and brown, here and there mixed with black : beneath whitish, each f(pather marked with two black bands: towards the vent, the colours are lefs diftinft: quills rufous yellow, variegated with brown: legs reddilh, furnifhed with a blunt fpur at the back part, about the middle. Inhabits India ; common in the Mabratta country. • * With LeO» MSTITUTl 0» A S^WR. Maui* 4. Colamba criftata, lad. Om. ii. p. 596. 10. CROWNED Phafianus criftatus, Muf. Carl/.fa/c. iii. t. 64. ^ Uflcommon Bird from Malacca, Phit. Tram/.Vta. p. 1. 1. l» ' Le Roloul de Malacca, Son. Voy, Ind. ii. p. 174. t. too* Violaceoat Partridge, Nat. Mi/c. vol. iii. pi. 84. Lefler crowned Pigeon, Gm. Syn, iv. p. 622. 10. Female. •' Tetrao viridis, Ind. Om. ii. p. 650. 22. * ' , Green Partndg«, Gtn, Syn. iv. p. 777. 2t. t. 67. • g O T H the above birds have been bcforie defcribcd in the refpec- tive places above referred to, as birds not only different in fpecies, but of a different genus. Later obfcrvarions however have proved I - to PARTRIDGE. to us that they arc one and the fame bird, differing only in fex, and that in general both have the hind toe not furnilhed with a claw. That it is fo in Sonnerat's bird, both the figure and dcfcription teftify j and it fcems fufficiently clear alfo, that Dr. Badenacb nneant the fame in his dcfcription of the bird in the Philofopbical Tranfaffions *, al- though his draughtfman has figured it with a back claw ; but it cannot be denied, that now and then an individual may have a claw : for in the one defcribed by us from the Leverian Mu/eum, it was the cafe, and the legs faftiioncd fo cxadly like thofe of a Pigeon, added to the attitude of the bird being different from the ufual one of any of the genus, as to induce us to call it a Pigeon. In a colledlion of living birds at Exeitr Extbange^ fome few years fincc, was one of thofe alive, which had every gait and appearance of a Partridge or ^uail: but to put the matter beyond all doubt, we have had the point cleared up by the examination of three fpecimens of the male fent to England in fpirits from Sumatray all of which wanted the back claw : and as an additional proof. Sir Jojepb Banks fome time fince {)roduced to me two fpecimens of thefe birds fent to him as male and female i hence- forth therefore, the ornithologift will do right in confidering the Lejfer trowned Pigeon and Green Partridge as differing in fex only. ^19 % Ferdix cinerea, Ind. Orn. h. p. 645. p.-^oi/ri*. Or*, iu. t. 249. Z50, 251.— Sepp. Vog. ii. p. 185. tab. 96. 97. ¥ T is generally fuppofed that the female Partridge differs from the male in wanting the horfc-fhoe mark on the breaft. We have however been informed, that this is by no means the cafe, from the obfervatjons of our friends. The male certainly obtains the horfe- ihoe 00 the breaft before the female; but in the female^ after the * Pedes tridadlyli, fifii, incarnati, fubnodofi ; digitns pofKcus reliquis craflior, bre- vior, uancatufque, vol. Ixii. p. 2» tab. i. firflt 5- COMMON P. f .. /■. v J • I!' 'V tSo PARTRIDGE. firfl: year, fome marks of it begin to appear, gradually increafing, till it is nearly as confpicuous as in the male ; hence it is no un- common thing to hear fportfmen affirm their having killed or taken feveral male birds together, led uo doubt to this fuppofition from ex- ternal appearance only. I have been informed by Colonel Montagu^ that having killed nine old birds at the end of S^tewdfery which, ap- peared all to be males, he had the curiofity to open them, when four of them proved to be females : and this gentleman farther ob- served to me, that the fexes were without much difficulty diftin- guiihed by their head, that of the female being paler, particularly about the bill and ears, and that the major part of fuch birds as have the horfe-flioe mark on ihe brcafl: leis bright, are more likely to turn oyxi females. COMMON OyAIL. Ferdix cotarnix, Ind. Orn. ii.p. 651. 28.— •Gm*. Orn.m. pi. 243. 244. Common Quul, Gett. Sjh. iv. p. jjg.—Id. Suff. p. 222. XjUE arc told that no country has more quails than the Crimea * j thefe birds during the fine weather are difperfed, but aiTemble at the approach of autumn, to crofs the Slack Sea, over to the fouthern coafts, whence they afterwards tranfport themfelves into a hotter climate i the order of this emigration is invariable: towards the end of jiuguft, the quails in a body chule one of thofe ff rene days, when the wind blowing from the nor':h at fun-fct, promifes them a fine night j they then repair to the ftrand, take iheir departure at fix or feven in the evening, and have finifhed a journey of fifty leagues by break of day. Nets are fpread on the oppofite fliorej and the bird-catchers waiting for their arrival, "-ake tithe of the enr igrantSj^ * Memoir* of tbe Barm^lt T^tu being PARTRIDGE. being an efteemed food *. We ure told by Sir fVilliam Hamilton f, that great quantities of thefe birds occafionally vifit the ifland of St, Stefano, which has only Hawks and a kind of large Gull for its general inhabitants ; but that in the month of Miy, great flights of ^ails arrive there from Jfrica, fpent with fatigue, and many of them fall an li ?; t' .H ,nv '1 (^•'■' i^5- •• 388 OSTRICH. Genus LXI. O S T R I C H. OSTRICH. Struthlo Camelus, Ind. Orn. u. p. 665. i. Black Oftrich, Gen. Sjn. v. p, 6. TJR. Sparrman* is of opinion that the maU and female OJlricb fit upon and hatch the eggs by turns } for in one of his journies, he frightened a male from a neft;^ which he found made only on the bare fand, on which the eggs lay fcattered and loofe ; thefe were eleven in number, from another fourteen were brought to him> and feveral left behind, from whence he concludes, that from fixteen to twenty may be the ufual quantity. Thefe circumftances happened in December. Thunberg j- affirms, that a male OJirUh makes a neft with three or four females, which together lay twenty or thirty eggs, on which they fit by turns, in a hole made with their feet in the iand, and that if any one take away the eggs^ never lay again in the fame place ; and if the eggs ate diflurbed only, they break them to pieces with their feet. Thefe birds are very deftruftive to the farmers, doing much damage to the corn, as they come in fk>cks to eat the ears of the wheat, fo that nothing but the bare fkin itfelf is left behind. The ilefh is far from good, yet the Hottentots eat itj but the eggs are re- lifhed both by the colonifts and others, though not eftcemed fo good as bens eggs. "Or.. Sparrman oh(trvtSy that the lliell weighs eleven ounces, is fix inches and a half deep, and holds five pints and a quarter, liquid mcafure j the weight of the frelh egg does not gready exceed this. • Vy, ii. p. izo. & feq. f Trav. V. ii. pp. 10. 53. 142. Thefe fA''\'i OSTRICH. Thefc eggs may be feen fufpcnded under the vaulted roofs not only of the A 'ahometan mofques, but alfo of the Greek and Cophtic churches, and could not fail of being eftcenned a braiitiful ornamenc every where, if the difficulty of procuring them was greater. Mr. Bnrrcw thinks, .that among the very few polygamous birds that are found in a (late of nature, t4Te OJlrich is one : a male is ge- nerally feen with two or three, and frequently as many as five of the females, which lay their eggs in one neft, to the number of ten or twelve each, which they hatch all together, the male taking his turn of fitting on them; between fixty and feventy eggs having been found in one neft; the time of incubation fix weeks: for want of knowing the OJlrich to be polygamous, an error refpefting this bird has flipt into the Syjiema Natura^ where it is faid, that one female lays fifty eggs*. The circumftance alfo offmalloval fubPtanccs, the fize of peas, of a pale yellow colour, and very hard, being found in thcfe, is mentioned by Mr. Barroiv: in one egg he found nine, and in another twelve of fuch ftones f . 289 t:l; I i * • Sarrcnii/*j Trav, in South Jfricax. p. 94* t /*•. ib. Supp. II. Pp I i I?} ,, tp CASSOWARY. Genvs LXII. cassowary. NEW HOLLAND Struthio Nova Hollandlx, InJ. Orit. W. p. 665. a. Southern CaflTowary, Nat. M'tfc. vol. iii. pi. 99. New Holland Caflbwary^ PbilLVsy, pi, in p. 2-] \ .—White* s journal, pi, p* 139. DiiCRimoN* 'T^HIS is a large bird, racafuring more than fevcn feet in length: the bill is black : the plumage for the mod part brown and grey mixed j paler on the under parts : the head differs greatly from that of the Common Cajfowary, being covered with feathers j nor has it any helmet or rifing protuberance whatever, as in that fpecies : the fea- thers however about the head and neck are of a hairy texture, and the fore part of the chin and throat nearly deftitute of any, fo as the purple colour of the (kin may be feen through them : the long ipines obfervable in the wings of the common fort are here wanting, but in- flead of them are real wings, though of io fmall a fize as to be ufelefs for flight } they are covered with feathers like the reft of the body, and when the bird is quite at reft, are fcarcely difcernible therefrom : the legs are dufky and (lout, in colour not unlike thofe in the other ipecies, but are greatly indented or ferrated at the back part i the three toes placed in the fame manner, all forwards : fo far the ex- ternal appearance of the bird ; internally it is faid to differ from every other fpecies, particularly in having no gizzard, and the liver fo fmall as not to exceed that of a Blackbirdj yet the gall-bladder was large and diftended with bile i the crop contained at leaft fix or kvcn 6 pounds CASSOWARY. pounds of grafs, flowers, and a few berrica and feeds : the inteftinal canal fix yards long : the heart and lungs feparated by a diaphragm, and bore a tolerable proportion to the fize of the bird. Inhabits New Holland^ where it is not unconnmon, being fre- quently feen by our fettlers there; but is exceedingly fliy, and runs fo fwifdy, that a greyhound can fcarcely overtake it. The fle/h faid to be very good, tailing not unlike young tender beef. A fine fpecimcn of this bird b in the colleftion of the late Mr. John Hunttr. 191 Place. i^rl 1' ' ■ i ■ '• ' I. ■: 1 ' 1 ^-v •.:' I ! n *, .V m.'L Pp a i-f ^ V.-fi'' tgi RHEA. Genus LXIII. RHEA. g I LL ftraic, depreffed, fomewhat rounded at the tip. • WiKGS ufelefs for flight. Lower part of the thighs bare of feathers. Legs furnifhed with three toes forward, and a knob behind inftead of a back toe. AMERICAN RHEA. DZSCRIFTIOM. Rhea Americana, InJ. Orn. u. p. 665. i. Le Chenque, Molin. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 241. Nhanduguacu, Will. Orn. 150. S H* American OArich, Encycl. Brit. xvi. p. 205. pi. ^ij.—'Nat, Mi/c. pi. •jz.^'Gtn. Sjn. v. p. 23 •. 'T'HIS bird, notwithftanding it is fufficiently common in the fouthern parts of Amerkat has fo far efcaped the refearches even of later naturahfts, as to render it at bed but an obfcure fpecies. The defcription in Willughby is not amifs, but akhough Faulkner, fVallist and other voyagers faw them in the greatefl: plenty in Patagonia, it fo happened, that a full grown fpecimen has never to our knowledge ' been brought to England. The author who has mod noticed it is Molina, who, in his hillory of Cbili, defcribes it nearly thus : it is rather lefs than the common OJirich; when Handing, the head is elevated from the ground about the height of a man : the neck is two feet eight inches long : the head fmall, rounded, and covered with feathers : eyes black i eyelids fupplied with eye-laflies : the bill Ihort and broad, not unlike that of a Duck : legs the length of the neck, furnilhcd Pl.CXXXVlI. '■■ (i !■* "'^t"' I I ! 1 1 '1' i >■ 1 ■< 1 i; '• i I JU; n -" J y / ' > J- RHEA. f rnllhed with three toes placed forwards, and the rudiment of a fourth behind: tail compofed of Ihort feathers of equal lengths, fpringing from the rump : the wings ftretch from tip to tip no lefs than eight feet; but, on account of the want of unity of the webs of the feathers, are ufelefs in flight, hanging over and hiding the tail: the general colour of ^ the plumage on the back and wings is dull grey, otherwife white j but feme individuals are wholly white, and others black, which may be efteemed as varieties. This bird is found in various parts of South Americat but no whrrc more plentifully than in the neighbourhood of lake Nabuelguapi, m the valley of the ^ttJes. It is faid to live on fruits ; is a voracious fpecies, and like the Ofirich, fwallows indifcriminately any thing of- fered to it i but its chofen food appears to be flies, which it catches with peculiar addrefs ; it defends itfelf with the feet ; whiftles like a man, when it calls its young : lays from forty to fixty eggs on the bare fand^ of fuch a fize as lo contain about two pounds of liquid each. The feathers are made much ufe of by the Indians for every purpofe, where either ornament or fliade is required. We believe that no other fpecimen has yet been in England, befides that in the Leverian Mufeunii which appears to be about an half-grown bird, and from whicL he figure we give of it has been taken. *93 PtA CI. ■: '1 ft /vr 'I ' I a94 1 Div. IL WATER BIRDS. Order VII. WITH CLOVEN FEET. Genus LXVI. J A B I R U. AMERICAN J. NEW HOLLAND J. PsicnivTioir. N*" I. American J. 3. New Holland J. N'j. Senegal J. MyAeria Americana, I»d. Om. ii. p. 670. i; American Jabiru, Gen. Sjn. v. p. 22. pi. Ixxv. Xin'E beg leave here to expunge the Jabiru-guacu and HbandbU' apoao( Ray and tVillugbbyy as well as the Touyouyou o(M. Bajon ♦. We have before had our doubts in refpeft to this matter, and further obfervations obllje us to reftore them to their place in a diftindl genus, noticed above under the name o( Rhea. Tiie reft of the fynonyms quoted on this occafion may ftand, as alfo the figure given of it in the Gen,Synoj>/is,Tp\,y$, New Holland Jabiru, Linn, TranJ. v. p. 54. 2. ■ np H I S fpecies meafures, from the tip of the bill to the end of the claws, full fix feet : the bill is a foot long ; neck fifteen inches ; thighs ten inches : legs almoft the length of the bill : the upper man- dible of which is nearly ftrait, or but juft fenfibly curved upwards > • M$m./ur CaytnHt. the !'Yv H.cxxxvm, Tub lith d at ifu ^U threett. Meu/ j e . /<90/, byJitwh . Scduby .kJttn.Toiie Jh'ut ihytnt fituvU/t , !*(• 1* 1 W ■■ »,' 1 i 4 ■* i ■ i' 1 * ' I 1 i ,■?. ■ Ly, \ .^^ i 1 -* ■ ! ■ ^-^ , , li:V tm parts with ipecie Inh given drawn Street. one a] dible : difteni green coloui wingS; the fai 1 appi are ol yet be the ha on wt 4- ."^ J A B I R U. the under rather more fo j the colour of both black : the chin is for a little way bare of feathers, and of a reddiih colour: irides yellow: the head is pretty full of feathers, and with about half the neck is black, with a tinge of green in fome lightSi in others of purp''^: the iniddle of the wing coverts, and fecondary quills, as well as the middle of the back, are greenifli black ; and the tail alfo is of the fame co- lour : the reft of the plumage white : the whole of the leg and bare parts above the knee are of a fine red j the toes furnifhed at the end with pale coloured claws, fhapcd not unlike thofe of the human ipecies. Inhabits Nevj Holland. The defcriptioii and figure which we have given of the bird, is taken from a fpecimen in the Leverian Mtt/eum, drawn for me by my friend and relation, Mr. ShaWy of Great James Street. Among t !ie drawings of Mr. Lambert, is a reprefentation of one apparently the fame, in which the (kin beneath the lower man- dible and throat is of a fine crimfon, and faid to be capable of great diftention : head and half the neck brownifti black, with a variable green and copper glofsj between the bill and eye, grey: the general colour of the plumage of the lower part of the neck, the body, and wings, is white, except on the flioulders, which appear blackifti, with the fame bronzed hue as the head and half the neck : the tail is black. 1 apprehend, that from the difference between the two birds, they are of oppofite fcxes. Mr. Lambert informs me, that only two have yet been met with, but are now and then feen on the muddy banks of the harbour of Port Jack/on, fearching for filh, when the tide is out, on which, no doubt, they principally live. 395 Plaob* r ■ '•-■,'■ j. 5 , ,!,'■■ ■ i:' 't I #■■- 1 f':4 /v r . U 5 2p6 J A B I R U. SENEGAL ^ J. Placi. Senegal Jabiru, Lin. Tranf. v. p. jz. pi. 3. thi bead. ^ H E length of this bird, from the bill to the end of the claws, is fix feet two inches: bill icfelf thirteen inches; neck fifteen inches; body twelve inches j the naked part of the thighs eleven inches, the feathered part four inches ; knee joint one inch j leg thirteen inches and a half; the middle toe is five inches and a half, the two outer ones four inches and a half, all flightly connedled at the bottom : the upper mandible is very pale for three inches from the gape i the under the fame, for about one inch and a half, then begins a bat- of black for about three inches ; from thence to the tip the colour is reddifli, increafing in depth to the end, where it is of a deep vermilion : on each fide of the bafe of the upper mandible, is a large femioval and femitranfparent fpace, which, at its back part, is continued upwards in a curved diredlion acrofs the fore part of the eye : over the noftrils, a bare flattened part, fomewhat in the manner of the Coot^ and other birds of that tribe: beneath the bafe of the bill, jufl: at the beginning of the feathery part, arc two very fmall pear ftiaped pendant wattles, adhering by very fiiiail necks : the head and neck are black j fca- pulars black, with pale bottom, and fifteen inches in length ; the remainder of the bird white : the wings and tail both wanting : the legs are very long, and the thighs, to a diftance nearly equal to that of the leg itfeif, quite bare : the whole leg and thigh black, except that round the knee, as well as round each joint of the toes, is a pale band or zone. The whole length of the leg and thigh is coated with hexagonal longitudinal fcales. This appears to be quite a new fpecies, approaching fomewhat to the New Holland Jabiru^ yet differing from it in feverul particulars, W' are indebted for the defcription of it to the Linnaan TranJa5iions^ in which it is fully defcribed by Dr. SbaWy from a fkin of one lent to him by the Rev, Mr. Radett, Said to inhabit Senegal, / 1 HERON. Genus LXIX. HERON. N' I. Demoifelle H. 2. Crane. 2. Indian Cr. 4. Brown Cr. 5. Caledonian H. 6. Obfcure H. 7. Bittern. 8. Little B. 9. Sguacco H. !o. Black-breafted H. N* II. Rcd-crcftcd H. 12. ThirfaH. 13. Blue-headed H. 14. Common H. 15. Variegated H. 16. Ladteous H. - 17. Brown H, 18. White-fronted H. 19. Spotted B. ao. Pacific H. Ardea Virgo, InJ, Om. ii. p. 673. z. Ciconia Numidica, Gerin. Orn. iv. tab. 43; ? 4J '. Demoifelle Keron, Gen. Syn. v. p. i^.-^Linn. Tranj, iv. p. 105. pi x. f. 4. tht nu ittdp ipt, HIS elegant fpecies has been fufficiently defcribed before, is far as relates to external appearance j but the Angularity of the windpipe is, we believe, not fo generally known j it does not, as in the generality of birds, go ftrait forwards into the lungs, but firft ensers a cavity in the keel of the breaft-bone, for about three inches, when it returns, after making a bend forwards, and then paflcs into the chefl: *. 897 DEMOI^iEI.LB H. 1 1 } 1 ;i'ftt"''ufcft i mr- 1 I: 1 'I'ii', >r ■t ' \ . 1 i ■h , j ■ t, \ M ■: L. i 1 l;!k • u » See PitfelJ*.' Men, pi. p. 20) — Phil. TranJ. Ivi. p. 210. pi. xi. f. J — /.it. Tranf, iv. p. 105. pi. x. f. 4. Supp. IF. aq ■I'H 158 HERON. s. CRANE. Ardea Grus» Ind. Orn, ii. p. 674. $>-^GtriH. Qrn. ir. t. 415. The Crane, Gm. Sjn, v. p. 40. ^.-^Archmoi it. p. 17a.— Iii««. Tranf.'xr, p. J 07. pi. xii. f. 4. nr H E fcarcity of this bird as a Britijh fpecies, has been before no- ticed, for it is only now and then, at long intervals, in the prefent times, that it is at all met with in thefe realms. Hiftory however infornns us, that they were formerly in great numbers, and ferved up by dozens at feafts. As far as relates to myfelf, I have only been able to afcertain three which have been met with in this iflandj viz. one (hot near Cambridge j a fecond met with on the Kentijh coaft, commu- nicated by Mr. Boys-y and a third, on the ihcies of the Medway, men- tioned to me by Sir JVilliam Bijhop^ in January 1794. The ftrufture of the windpipe in this bird is Angularly curious, fomewhat in the manner of the IVild Stvarty but is doubly reflefted, as may be feen in the figure above referred to in the Philofophical Tranfa£IionSi as alfo in thofe of the Linn and the ground colour of the plumage dull ferruginous^ inftead of brown : bill black : irides yellow : legs dull blue. t, CRYING C. DxactirTiON. Ephoulkycaj Crying Bird* JBartr. Trav. p. 145. 291. j^IZE of a large domeftic // ■ w. f. JIft Placi. SANDPIPER. - fides of the head are minute fpecks of the fame : chin, belly, thighs, ve; t, and rump, white : the two middle tail feathers rufous brown, with black bands i the others plain pale rufous brown. Inhabits Europe; fometimes on the ftiores of£»^/tf»w. * Five (hot at SMdwUh this fpring, with pale orange legs. Mr. Bojs. SANDPIPER. • 313 6. BLACK- Tringa atra, //;/^, Place. CIZE of the Song Thrujb -, length nine inches: bill nearly one inch and a half long, and flcnderj the bafe reddifh, the reft of its length black : general colour of the plumage dufky plumbeous afh colour : the feathers on the back margined with afli colour ; of the wing coverts and breaft, with greyifh white : the three firft quills dulky, with white fhaftsj three of die inner ones juft fringed with "White at the tips j the two or three next white, marked with afli co- lour on the outer webj then follow two or three almoft wholly white; the reft plain dufl ■.i ii--, { .1 \'a i'fl 5 ° 3»6 DBJCRII'TtON, PLOVER. of t!ie jilexandrine Plover will (land thus: fize about that of a Lark: bill black : head and back greyifli or pale brown : forehead at the bafe of the bill white, which pafles over the eye in a line of the fame, and blends itfelf with a collar of white palTing round the neck; the imdex parts of the body are every where white silfo, and the brown colour comes forward on each fide of the breaft, but does not meet thereon: the quills are dufky grey, within whitifh, and Icflcn in length inwards, but the three inmoft are nearly as long as the outer ones, and of the fame colour with the back ; from the fifth to the eighth quill, an oblong white fpoc on the outer margin ; the fecon- daries tipped with white : four of the middle tail feathers are dufky black, the others fliorterj the two outer ones on each fide are white; the two next dufky white, with brown tips : legs blucifh brown : toes and claws black. I was favoured with a drawing of what I conjefture may be a va- riety, by my late friend Mr. Pennant: in this, the head was pale brown, but the forehead not white, nor was there any flreak of white over the eye ; all the under parts from the chin white, pafTing round the neck in a collar : the back, wings, and tail, as in the former : bill and legs black *. KENTISH PL. DiSCRIPTlON, Kentifti Plover, Ltwin. Br. Birds, pi. 185. CIZE of the Ringed Plover : length fix inches and a halfj breadth fifteen inches j weight an ounce and a half: the bill is black : top of the head ferruginous brown, bounded on the fore part with black ; but the forehead is white, and paflTes over the eye, and a little beyond it : from the bill, through the eye, a black ftreak, broadening behind • We ftiould think that whatever further variety may be of this bird, it is not likely i to be with a black Areak through the eye, or a black bread ; fuch more probably be- long to the Egyptian Plovtr.^^Gtn, Sj/», v. p. 205. 9. A, the PLOVER. the eye, and reaching over the ear -, all beneath, from the chin to the vent, white, pafllng round the neck as a collar: on each fide of the bread, next to the Ihoulder of tlic wing, is a black patch : back and wings pale brown : quills dufky; the fliaft of the outer one, the whole of the length, and the middle of the next wiiite : the greater coverts for the moft part tipped with white : tail rounded in fhape, not unlike the quills -, the three outer feathers white, except a dufky fpot on the inner web of the outmoft but two -, the others have the bafes very pale half way, but the two middle ones are of one colour : legs blueirh black. I received the above from Mr. Boys^ of Sandwich, 23d May 1787, being fhot in that neighbourhood; and in the month o( yJpril 1791, two others : the weight of thefe was about twenty grains more than the former: the bill and legs were black : in one of them the whole nape was of a fine pale reddilh bay, the other pale brown, inclining to bay towards the nape : the three outer tail feathers white, but the inner of thefe inclining to dufky on the inner web j the next very pale brown, or brownifli white, with a dulky tip; the four middle ones brown, with the ends dufky, approaching to black : in other things they were like the firfl defcribed ; but in one of them, the black patch at the bend of the wing was much larger, and approached on each fide towards the breafl. We do not find die above defcribed or figured except mBritiJh Birds-, to the author of which I firft com- municated it. That it does not at all belong to the Ringed Plover, in any ftage, the colour of the bill and legs will teftify j for in the lafV, both of them incline more or lefs to yellow or orange, even whilfl very young, and in the adult are ever of a fine orange. J'7 U h ' 1 1 11 I i i k ' ■.J. \ . I; .■ yUii y9 PLOVER. 4* RUSTY- CROW ED PL DiscRirriOK. FtACE* SIBIRIAN PL. Desc r iPTiON. Placi. Cliaradiius Falklandicus, InJ. Orn. \\. p. 747. 18. Rull) -crowneil Plojrer, Portlock's Fey. pi. in p. 36. Male and Female. CIZE of the Ringed Plover : length feven inches and a half: Bill three inches and a quarter, b^ack : forehead, chin, all the fore part of the neck, the breall, and belly white : acrofs the top of the head a bar of black, paffing downwards on each fid ; of tht neck, in an irre- gular manner, to the wings, and from thence forwards to the breufl:, forming a broad bar rhereon : behind the black bar, on the top of the head, is a ftripc of ferruginous, encircling all the back part of the head as a wreath : the crown of the head within this, all the upper parts of the body and wings are cinereous brown i but the greater quills and tail are black : legs black. The female is much the fame in colour with the male, but differs in wanting the ferruginous wreath at the back part of the head. Inhabits Fdkland Ijlesy in the Pacific Ocean. Charadrius Sibiricus, InJ. Oni. ii. p. 747. ig.-^LefitcL If. ii. t. 6. 'T' H E forehead in this bird is variegated with black and white j the crown fafciated widi dulky : bread brown, bounded by a white band : belly ferruginous. Inhabits Sibtria. CURONIAN PL. Description. Charadrifis curonicus, Jmi. Orn. ii, p. 750. ii.—Shnft. d. Berl. Naturf, Qejch. vii. p. 463.43. (Be/eke.) ^HE bill in this is duiky : the head, breafl:, belly, and vent arc white : the forehead is white ; in the middle of which is a black crefcent : on tlie crown grey : from the bi.'l, through the eyes, and beyond them, pafles an undulated dulky ftripe : on the bread a black band : back, wing?, and tail grey, wiUi pale dull markings ; the three firft F' PLOVER. firft quills are duflcy, and the outer one has the (haft white : the upper tail feathers black at the ends : the bill is black : irides^ yellow : legs rcddlfh. Inhabits Courland: feeds on fifli. 3»9 Plac*. r :' '■] Charadrius naevius, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 750. ^i.^^Schr. d. Berl. Natur/. Ge/ch. vii. p. 464. 49. 'J^ HE bill and legs in this bird are dulky : the whole of the under part of the body white j the upper part of the body is grey, marked with black and white fpots : beneath the eyes, over the ears, palTes a dotted black ftripe : the three ovr^r wing feathers are black. Inhabits Courland, gIZE of the GoUen Plover: bill black, ftouf, and very broad, re- fembling the Tody genus : the general colour of the upper parts is blue grey, ftreaked with black ; beneath pale afli, but with the fame markings : forehead, part of the crown, and ears, minutely fpotted : quills black : bafe of feveral of the primaries white : legs dull blue. Inhabits New South Wales. T^'HIS has a nearly ftrait black bill : the crown, back, and wings, blue grey, marked with black ftrcaks, largeft on the back and crown : irides yellow : beneath the eyes, on the ears, a large patcli of brown : the under parts are dufky white, ftreaked on the neck and breaft with pale brown : inner ridge of the wing ferruginous : quills black. It ftands very high upon its legs, not much lefs fo than the Long-Ugged Plover; the colour of them pale blue. Inhabits New South Wales, COURLAND PL. DBSCRIPTIONt Flaci. t. GRKAT- BILLED PL. DiscRiPTiorr. Placi. HIGH-LEGGED PL. Dbscriptiok. i H !• i ■.^ Placb. ' 1; 310 PLOVER, 10. BROWN PL. PrscRiPTioN. 'TpHIS fpecles has the habit of our Golden Plover i bill black: iridcs yellow : legs lead colour : plumage above a mottled brown; beneath brownidi white, a little mottled: tail black, dotted widi white : legs lead colour. Flaci. Inhabits New Seuth IVaki. GRTSLED PL. Description. Place. ^BOVE pale brown; beneath white: crown fpotted with black ; the wings with white : quills black : tail dufky : bill dulky : legs blueidi : i rides hazel. Inhabits New South V/ales. 12. BRIDLED PL. DiSCRiPTIOK. Place. >3- GREEN- liii'^DED PL. DlSCRlPTlON. •TnHE bill in this bird is blueifh: the plumage on the upper parts of the body and tail pale cinereous blue, dafhed with fmall brown ftreaks : fides of the neck marked with a broad dulky ftreak, taking rife beneath the eye, and defcending to the beginning of the back: the under parts of the body are pale, marked with narrow duflcy linca on the bread ; belly white : quills dulky : legs yellow. Inhabits New South Wales. A new fpecies of Plover, Sonnini*i Trav, ii. p. 209. T ENGTH eight inches: head deep green, with a changeable iufiire ; a fort of white diadem furrounds the hcad^ pafllng through the eyes: back and lefler wing coverts of a pretty bright afli colour: greater wing coverts white : quills white, tipped with black, having each a black fpot about the middle, forming a black ftripe acrofs the middle of the wing ; throat whice : under part of the neck and body '^ white^ «•. PLOVER. white, with a reddifli tinge : on the upper part of the bread a narrow band of deep fhining green pafllng half round : tail feathers fhort, and of unequal lengths, of the fame grey colour as the upper part of the body for two-thirds pf the length, where it is croffed by a broad black band ; the remainder white : eyes brown : legs and feet blueilh : bill and claws black. Such is the defcription of M Somitti, who thinks it comes near to our Black-beaded Plover * ; and indeed the defcription feems fomc- what tojuftify the fentiment; but on comparifon, they appear to differ in many particulars. He faw feveral in various parts of Egypt, modly in pairs, feldorn in troops, and then not exceeding feven or eight : feed on aquatic infefts ; never alight on the mud, but frequent the fandy parts only. When they take wing, they utter a little fharp cry, repeated feveral times : are obferved to run rather than fly, feldom quitting the ground : are by no means fhy, fufFcring thcmfelves to be eafily approached. 3*» Ihi * See Flavian, PLSHlum, 91S. I Surp. lU T t 3»« RAIL. Genus LXXVIII. RAIL. N' I. Troglodyte R. a. Doubtful R. N" 3. Dwarf R. TROGLODYTE R. Deicription. fLACI. Rallus auftralis, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 756. 3. Troglodyte Rail, Gtn. Sj/u. v. p. 229. 3.— /.' ■ < I Tt 2 324 J A C A N A. Genus LXXIX. J A C A N A. N" I. Chincfe Jac. N° a. Chili Jac. CHINESE JAC. DaSCKIPTlOK. Parra chinenfis, Ind. Oru. ii. p. 764. 7. Clunefc Jacana, Gtn. Syn. v. p. 246. 8 — Id. Sup. p. 256. t. 117. A Species which feems very little different from the Chinefs one, was met with on the idand of Java *. The utility of the great length of toes feemed manifeft, for thefe birds were thereby enabled to walk over the leaves of the Great Heater Lilly f with wonderful agility, thus keeping themfelvcs at the furfacc of the water. 3. CHILI JAC. Description. Parra chilenfis, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 765. iw-Moliu. Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 239. CIZE of a Magpie, but ftands higher on its legs : the bill is conic, fomcwhat bent at the tip, and two inches long : irides yellow ; on the forehead a bilobated red caruncle ; back part of the head fomewbat creftcd : the neck, back, and wings, on the fore part arc violet: neck before, to the middle of the bread, black : belly white : the tail Ihort and-brown j quills the fame colour : at the bend of the wing a yellow conical fpine, half an inch in length : legs black ; above the knees naked, as ufual in the genus : the toes fhorter than in moft of the genus. • B* Entree aft tttux Voy. ii. p. 33 a. f Nymphtea ntlumbo. Inhabits p : I I * ,>• ^^' t I i| : iy i 1 :ilij|||i;' wuk , ti J'LCXXXVUI* ,;,hl^h.l .u ih, .M ^irrru M.U. .»« t«o, hu l.rinh toHub., K;lb„ >y>rK- nreM 'J>r,ru tiaiUM CEREOPSIS. Genus LXXIX ». CEREOPSIS. DILL fhort, convex, bent at the tip. NosTRit-s at the bafc, under the cere. Head wholly covered, beyond the ears, with a rough (kin or cere. Ac the bend of the wing a blunt knob. Tail Ihort, confiding of fixteen feathers. Legs (lout, bare much above the knee: toes cloven: the outer one connedled to the middle at the bafc : back toe fmall. C I Z E of a fmall goofe i length thirty-nine inches : neck long : bare part of the thigii one inch and three quarters ; leg feven inches and a half; middle toe three inches and three quarters : the bill is black, three quarters of an inch in length ; but from the tip to the gape an inch and a quarter; the under mandible (hutting clofe under the upper ; from the bafc of the bill begins a bare rough (kin of a yellow colour, covering the whole of the head beyond the ears: the plumage is pale a(h grey, but the neck and under parts are paler, the upper inclining to brown j fome of the wing coverts and axillaries have a du(ky blackifh fpot near the ends, and the quills are du(ky towards the tips : tail the fame, confifting of fixteen feathers, and rounded in (hape : at the bend of the wing a blunt knob: the fecond quills nearly as long as the prime ones : the legs arc orange colour, but the fore part above the bend, the toes, and cbws, are black : tot's four in number, die three forward ones (lout and cloven, but the exterior is connefted to the middle one by a membrane at the bafe : the fole of the foot is a folid knob on which the foot rcfts, and above this a very fmall fourth toe, which fcarcely reaches the ground. Inhabits New Holland: the only fpecimen we have feenisinthe Britijh Mufeum, Tt3 3«5 i -t : NEW HOLLAND C. Dbicription. PtACt. \ I ; I 1 r ' if .i ^i6 GALLINULE. Genus LXXX. G A L L I N U L F. PURPLE G. Var. a> N* I. Purple G. Var. a. Var. B. N- 2. White G. Gallinula porphyrio, M. Om. ii. p. 768. 6.— Cm». Orn. v. t. 4fii.^»AlJr»nh Hi. pi. in p. 439. Pindaramcdli, Bartolam. Voy. (Engl, ed.) p. %t\. Purple Gallinule, Gtn. Syn. v. p. 254. 6. 'T'HIS is known in India by the name of Pindar amcb]i\ in C&/«« •^ called CAm^fl; are common at Rojetta, and other parts o( Egyff, called there Sultanas *. Porphyrio alter, /&;//. Foy. pi. p. 161. T ENGTH fixtecn inches : bill one inch and a half long, black, and very hooked at the end : the head, as far as the eyes and the chin, mottled brown and white in waves : the reft of the bird on the upper parts of the body of a footy brown, and on the under, of a deep alh colour: the inner part of the quills white, efpecially next the bafe : the wings, when clofed, exceed the tail by nearly one inch : the tail is rounded at the end, compofed of fixteen feathers, of the fame colour as the upper parts : the legs pale yellow : the outer toes black the whole of their length j the adjoining web the fame, except juft ac the bafe, where it is pale ; the inner toe and web black for about one third : the claws and fpur behind black. This inhabits Norfolk IJlandy where it is in great plenty, and burrows in the fand like a rabbit. On Mount Pitty the higheft land in the ifland, the ground was as full of holes as a rabbit warren, and an immenfe number of aquatic birds burrowed and built their nefts in them *. Thefe, during the day, were at fca, but as night approaches^ they re- turn in vaft flocks. The fettlers lighted fmall fires every night on this mount, about which the birds dropped as faftas the people could pick them up and kill them, for the wings of fea birds are generally fo long, as to prevent their rifing till they can afcend fome fmall eleva- tion J hence the difficulty in the Alhatrojs to detach itfeif from the furface of the water, wiiich it can never do without the greateft ex- ertion. When, however, it is fortunate enough to gain a fmall rock or ihelf, it has only to throw itfeif therefrom, and take wing immedi- ately. • Hunter's Hifi, offortJadfQih ii,ooo faid to have been taken in the fpace of About fix weeks. i i I • PETREL; 335 Procellaria cinerca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 824. lO. Cinereous Petrel, Gen. Sy/i. vi. p. 405- 10. 'TH I S, or a flight variety, is found about Port Jack/ottt in New Hoi' land, and parts adjacent : it is wholly of a dulky black j but the fides of the head, the neck, and all beneath, are alh colour : the bill and legs dull yellow. In a fpecimen of this, we obferved the whole of the under parts from the breaft to the vent occupied by an alh colour- ed down, projediing gready more than the feathers, which we fup- pofed would afterwards fupply its place, for it may be conjeftured, that birds in this ftate are no other than in their firft feathers and, imperfcd plumage.. CINEREOUS P. DESCRIFTXOIf. i n I-: •i ' wmmtsm 33<5 MERGANSER. Genus XC VI. MERGANSER. GCOSAKDER M. 'N° I. Goofander M. 3. Red-breafted M. 3. Imperial M. 4. Smew M. N° 5. Forked M. 6. Brown M. 7. Blue M. Mergus Mcrganfer, /««'. 0/«. ii. p. 828. i.— G^r. Or«. v. t. 508. Goofander, Getj. Syn. vi. p. 418. i.-^Ltwi»'s Br. Birds, vi. p. 30. pi. 231. —Nat. Mifc, pi. 445. Greater Goofander, Linn. Tranf. iv. p. 1.22. 26. '^ U R reafon for mentioning this bird again, is to requcft that na- turalifts will be more diligent than ever in regard to Iiich birds, ■whofe identity as fpecies may be afcertained by difledion. We have in more places than one remarked the uncertainty in refpeft to the external appearance of birds, till arrived at the adult ftate. The Bun Divert amongfl: others, has caufed us to waver greatly i for naturalifts having fet this bi. ' -.vn for certain as ^ female of the Greater Goof- ander ^ and finding t.. "jme of thefe fuppofed females were endowed with the fame conformation of trachea as the male adult, known to be fuch, doubt arofe, whether, as there were both fexes under this livery, it might not be totally different in fpecies. The fad however feems, that both fexes, for the firft feafon at leaft, have the appearance of the J)m Divert which the female retains throughout life, whilfl: the male gradually gains the beautifully white plumage he is known by ; but the diftinguifhing charadler of the windpipe, wherein he entirely differs from the otncr fex, will be deteded at any age whatever *. • See a figure of it in BeftL d. Bert. Nat. Fr. iv. S. 594. tab. 18. f. 5. MERGANSER. JJ7 Mergus Serrator, /« Ind. Orn. ii. p. 829. j."Cttt. uc. Sard. p. 326. IMPERFAT ^HIS is thefizeofa Goqfe: the body is variegated with black, DEscmrTioir. brown, and grey : the head is without a crefl: : the prime quills are black, and without any fpeculum : bill and legs rufous white ; tongue ciliated. Inhabits Sardinia. Placb. f See the plate in Lin, Tranf. above referred to. Supp. II. Xx ? !.!< >l n <.t tjii 9mmmKm. 339 MERGANSER. 4- GMEW M. Dbscription. Mergus albellus, Jud. Om, ii. p. 831. 6. Male. Merganfer minor monialiaalba diAus, Gtr. Orn. v. t. 513. ■ ■ minor fcmhia, Ger. Orn. v. I. 5 r4. ■ i cinereus capite rufefcente, Gtr. Om. v. t. 5ri, Petit Harle huppe. La Piette, Bkf. Oif. viii. p. 275. pi. Z4.— P/. Enl. 44^; Mergut minutus, tnd, Orn. ii. p. 832. 7. Female, Smew, or white Nun, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 428. 5. (MaU.J'—Li'win^s Br. Btrtli,vt;. t. 234.— £/«. Tran/. iv. p. Z34. pi. xvi. f. 3< 4. Minute Merganfer, Gen. Sjn. yi. p. 42^. 6. (Female, or young iiird.) Leivin't Br. Birdtt t. 235. ■\X7'E have obfcrved in another place *, that the Minute Merganfer^ with its fynonyms, and the White Merganfer ^ all make up bur one fpecies, occafioned by the male having the female plumage for fome length of time after growing to fize j for having attentively examined and compared the windpipe of a fuppofed w<7/^ Minute Mer~ ganjer, with tlie fame part of a full grown Smew, the fimilarity at once was manifeft, no other difference whatever being vifible, further than, that the parts were Icfs oflified in one than the other ; henceforward therefore wc may venture to affirm, that three diffind Ipecies only of the Smew genus will be found in England, inftead of the five now on record. The trachea or windpipe of this fpecies is fmalleft near the upper part, but enlarges as it approaches towards the middle, from whence to the bottom it continues of nearly equal dimenfions, the texture confifting of completely bony rings, with fcarcely any carti- lage intervening ; at the bottom is a bony cavity, as in the others,, fmaller in proportion, and differing in fhape, the greater expanfe be- ing from (Wc to fide, whereas in the others it is almoft upwards and downwards i on one fide is a round hole, covered by a drum-like mem- brane, and on the oppofite, an oval fmooth hollow bone uniting with it : from the bottom arife the bronchize. * Lin, Tran/. MERGANSER. Mergus furciftr, Ind. Orn. V\, p. 832. Z.-^Schr, d. Btrl. Nat, Fr. vii. S. 458. 3*. 'T' H E bill in this bird is black at the tip and bafc ; but the middle is reddifh : the irides pale brown : the forehead and back are light brown : fronn the ears, dov n the fides of the neck, quite to the breaft, a black ftripe, fliaded for half the length with chefnut : hind head and neck white: breaft, back, and rump black, the feathers ap- pearing fcaly : belly and vent white : tail forked, as in the Swallow ; the outer feathers wJaite : wing coverts Ihaded not unlike the back : Icflcr quills like the back, part of them white, making a long fpot of that colour between the back and wings. Inhabits Courlmd, Mergus fufcus, Tnd. Orn. ii. p. 832. 9. Brown Merganfer, Ar£i. Zeol. li. Sup. p. 74. 'T'HE length of this is feventeen inches and a half; weight twenty- three ounces : the head is dark brown : from the orbits a whitifh brown ftreak, extending backwards, and ending in a large pendent creft; the upper part of it brown, the lower black: greater and lefler coverts, fcapulars, and tail, black : fecondaries the fame, but each web broadly mottled with white : belly white : vent tawny : beyond the junftion of the thighs with the body, a few black feathers marked with red : legs dulky yeltow. This fpecies arrives at Hudjon's Bay in May^ as foon as the rivers are open : makes its neft about the lakes, with grafs, lined with feathers pulled from its own breaft: retires when the rivers arc frozen. 3J9 FORKED M. DiSCRIPTION. Place. 6. BROWN M. DpscRimPK. Plack. "B 1 ' », ' \ - \ 'I * 'It l> t V ^ ■ U V Xx 2 "liilM* ■ - T J iT "" ' ? »■ J u mmw Vi- ' s 340 MERGANSER. 7- BLUE M. PLACt. Mergus caeruleus, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 833. 10. Blue Merganfer, Ar:7. Zeol. ii. Sup, p. 74. ' ■ White-faced Duck, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 504. 50. Var. A. 'THE defcription of this bird wDl be found fufficiently df tailed in the Gen. SynopftSy as well as in the ArSlic Zoology above referred to. Mr. Pennant has thought right to rank it in the prefent genus, and we need not hefitate to let it reft upon fuch good authority. Our late friend Mr. Huf chins met with this bird at Hu^fon's Bay,^ DUCK. Genus XCVII. DUCK. J4I N« I. Whiftling Swan. N» 21. Sbovelcr D. 2. Mute Sw. 22. Gadwal D. 3. Black Sw. 23. Wigeon, 4. Black-necked Sw. 24. Pochard D. 5. Black and White Goofe. 15. Pintail D. 6. Hybrid G. tt6. Golden-eye D. 7. Cofcoroba G. 27. Tufted D. 8. Blue- winged G, 28. Sparrnnan's D. 9. Common G. 29. Gmelin's D. 10. Semipalmated G. 30. Kekufchka D. II, Mufcovy G. 31. Arabic D. 12. Lobated Duck. 32. Alexandrine D. 13. Torrid D. 33. Gattair D. 14. White-fronted D. 34. Sirfsin D.. 15. Royal D. 3S' HawkfburyD. 16. Solitary D, 36. New Holland D. 17. Velvet D. 37. New Holland Shovcler. 18, Mallard D. 38. Garganey D. 1 9. Scaup D. 39, Teal. 20. Shieldrake. J Anas Cygnus, Ini. Orn^ it. p. 83:3. i .— C*r. On, V. t, 554.— J?Aj/ft' jinat. t. g 4a. (SctUt.) WHISTLING Whiftling Swan, Gen. Sytt. vi. p. 433.. -JJ. Supp. p. zyz.-'Liit, Tranf. iv. d. SWANr 105. pi. xii. f. I. 2. Thi trachea t tea npHE fVildSwan is now known to be an inhabitant oi Dor/etjhire^ as Dr. Maton* faw them in their wild ftate, on the call fide of Cbefil Banky in Auguji. • Ob/trvatioM on tbt Wefiern Countiu, by Dr. Maten, i, j». 68, la i n '\' '> 34^ DUCK. ' In the neighbourhood of TzarUzin, on the Lower Volgat a great number of Swans appear about the 20lh fehruary, particularly upon the SarpOi and tovrards the lower grounds of the ^chtuba : they arc of two kinds; but that which diftinguiflies itfelf by its very (harp fcream, and has the lower part of its bill yellow, is the mod nume- rous *. Among the Kalmucs, the Lama Dardjha had for his title Erdeni Lama Baatur Khan Tdidjhif which fignifies noble father offoulst brave prin€e of Swans \, The circumftance of the trachea entering the keel of the breaft- bone, has been before noticed in this work, as well as by many authors before j but as no word-^ are able to convey a fufficient idea without engravings. Dr. Parfons has given a good reprefentation in the Phil. Tranf. ; another will be alio found in the Lm, tranfa&ions above re- ferred to. 2. MUTE SW. Manners. Anas olor, Ind. Om. n. p. 824. i.-^Ger. Orn. v. t. 553. Mute Swan« Gtu. Syti. vi. p. 435. 2. T> I R D S of this (pecies fometlmes live together in fociety with per- fect complacency : two female Swans have for three or four years paft agreed to allbciate, and have had yearly each a brood, together bringing up eleven young. They fate by turns, and never quarrelled. This is not the only inftance which has come under our obfervation i and numbers are to be feen together in many waters in this kingdom i but the moft noble fwannery is, we believe, very near Abbotjburyt Dorfet^ about a. quarter of a mile to the weft of which, in the open part of the fleet, are kept 6 or 700— formerly 1,500 .So/^wj J, the royalty be- longing anciently to the abbot, fince to tlie family of Strangewayst and now to the Earl o(IUheJfer» That this fpecies is very pugnacious, is • Rttjia (8vo. 1783) vol. iv. p. 283. f ^'^' P* 2*>S' J As far as 7000.— Mi/#»'j Tour, i. p. 72. known DUCK. known to mod people ; ^nd it mud be a powerful man who is able to withfland the fury of an enraged one. A circumftance has conne to our knowledge, fhewing at leaft the fuperiority the Swan has on its own element, for a female of one of thefe, whilft fitting, obferving a fox fwimming towards her from the oppofite ihore, indantly darted into the water, and having kept the fox at bay for a confiderable time with her wings, at laft fucceeded in drowning him, after which, ihe retired in triumph, in the fight of fcveral perfons* This happened at PenJ^t in Buckingham/hire. 343 Anas atrata, Ind. Or«. u. p. 854. 4. Slack Swan of Van Diemen, D^Entricafttamx Voy. 8vo. i. p. 140. pi. ix.«» Aid/. Mijc. pL toS.-^P/bii/ifj'j Fay. p. gi.'-lf^&itt's Jeunal, p. 137. 'T' HIS is a large bird, not inferior in fizc to our European fpecics, and extends from the tip of one wing to that of the other, four feet eight inches : the bill is large and red ; towards the end paler i on the bafe of the upper mandible, at the nodrils, a bifid protuberance ; the under mandible white beneath, and red on the fides : irides red : the general colour of the plumage is deep black ; but the greater part of the iecond quills, and all the prime ones, are white;, alfo two or more white feathers on the coverts : belly and thighs afh colour : legs- flelh coloured brown. In what other particulars the fetmlg differs front the mak, we are not told, further than that the protuberance at the top of the bill is wanting. Inhabits various parts of New Holland, where it has been long no- ticed. I find it firft mentioned in a letter from Mr. ^it/en to Dr. M' Ltfier, about the year 1 698, which fays, here is returned a fljip, which by our Eaji India company was fent to the fouth land, called Hollandia Nova^ and adds, that Black Swans, Parrots, and many Sea 2. Cows BLACK SWAN. De»criptioii« Place.- jg'WP'i**!*" iJiijLt-I'i.'HJBftli ^44 DUCK. Cows were found there *. In 1726, two of them were brought alive to Batavitty as confirmed by Valentyn f ; fcveral being found in New Holland^ near Dick Harto^s Bay» Since that time, our later circumnavigators, from Captain Cook to the prefent time, have found them every where in thefe parts, eight or nine having been met with together, and they are faid to fly one afier another like ff^iid Geefe ; but the general manner, &c. remains yet to be afcertaincd. The natives of New Holland call this fpecies Mulgo. BLACK- NECKED SWAN. .Description. Anas nigrlcoIHs, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 8^4. 3. Anal melancorypha, Cygne Chilien, Malin. Cbil. (Fr. ed.) p. 213. Black-necked Swan, GtH. Syn. vi. p. 4.36. 3. JLfOLlNA obferves, that it is the fize of the European Sw^n: the head and half the neck black; the reft gloflfy white : ih^ female has commonly fix young, which it never leaves alone in the neft, but xiarries them on it3 back every time it goes out in fearch of food. BLACK AND WHITE GOOSE. Description. 'T'HE fize of this bird is uncertain: the bill is not unlike that of the Wild Swan, extending far backwards, and taking in the eyes : it is yellowiih at the bafe, red in the middle ; the point as well as the under mandible pale : the head, neck, beginning of the back, majqr * Phil. Tranf. v. 20. p. 361. t See ValtntynQud tH Nitww Ooji Ind'ien. Amfi. 1 726, where it is obferved that two, and afterwards more black fwans were found in Utiu HollaHd : two of them were brought alive to Batavia. This account accompanied by an engraving, reprefenting the LagooHt with the black fwans fwimming in it ; and the catching of one by the boat's crew. part DUCK. part o( the wing and quills, tail, and thighs, are black : fome large ipots of black are alfo on the laft ; the reft of the plumage white. It ftands high on the legs, which are yellow : and the webs do not reach above half way between the toes. Inhabits New South Wales : were it not from the extreme diftancc Pt* tetween Chili and New Holland, one might think it a variety of the Black-necked ipecies. Anas hybrlda, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 835. 6. Le Cage, Molin. Chit, (Fr. ed.) p. 221. 'T'HIS is about the fizc of a Bomejiic Goofe ; but the two fexes dif- fer exceedingly in colour: the male is of a pure white, with the bill and legs yellow: the bill is half cylindrical; the cere red: the female is black, except fome ftreaks of white, arifing from the tips of fereral of the feathers being bordered with white : bill and legs red : the neck is (bmewhat (horter than in the Common Goofe, but the wings and tail longer ; and the legs of nearly the fame Ihape and make. This fpecies inhabits the Archipelago of Chiloe, in South America : may be called monogamous, for the male and female are never apart, never being found in flocks, as other forts: during the time of incu- bation, they retire to the rivers, where ^t female generally lays about eight white eggs, in a hole formed out of the fand. 345 CI. 6. HYBRID GOOSE. Deicrivtion. PtACC. COSCOROBA G. DESCaiFTIOif. Anas Gofcoroba, Itul. Orit. ii. p. 835. y.-^McIm. CM, (Fr. ed.) p. 21}. 'T'HIS is probably the fize of a Goofe, at leaft Molina calls it by that name, and fays it is of a large fize : that it is wholly whitcj ex- cept the bill and legs, which are red: the eyes of a fine black; wJic*^ ther the female differs from the malt-\s not mentioned* This inhabits Chili, and is valuable for its extreme docility and) PtAc», tamenefs in confinement and domefticity, particularly attaclung itfelf to the perfon who brings it food. SuFP.II. Yjf » t ^■ '^ [tyi ■.•if'. til mm 34^ D U. C K. 8. BLUE-WINGED G. Dkcrjption. Anas caerulefcens, Ind, Or». li. p. 836. 13. Blue-wingcd Goofe, Gen, Syn. vi. p. 469. 28.— ^«r//*. Trav. p. 291. 'T^HIS fpecies is apt to vary much. I have received feveral from Hudfon*s Bay} one of them correfponded exaftly with our de- fcrlption in the Synopjis j another had the head and a little part of the neck white, behind mixed with black j half the neck before white ; the reft of the bird much the fame as in common. In a third, the head, all the neck, the whole of the body, except between the wings, of a pure white : at the lower part of the neck behind, and between the wings, dufky black, or deep lead colour ; fcapulars the fame, margined with white : wing coverts as generally feen in this fpecies, but paler, and inclined to white : the fecond and third greater quills black i all the fecondaries black, beautifully fringed on each fide with white, purer than in the others, but not unlike : tail white ; the four middle feathers pale lead colour* down the middle, half way from the bafe. A ticket affixed to this hft bird, fays, that it is produced from a £lue and a White Wayway * i but this is only according to the tra- dition of the Indians. COMMON G. Anas anfer, Ind. Orn. ii.p. 841. 26.— «G% I I 1 H •■T % a43 DUCK. lodious.and the bird obferved fomedmcs to perch on trees, in the manner of the WhiJlHng Duck: the native name is Newal Gang, II. MUSCOVY G. DftcaiPTtOM. Anas nofchata, Ind. Orn. H. p. S46. 37. — indica, Gtr. Orn. v. t. 568. 569. MufcovyDuck, Gen. 5y«, vi. p. 476. ^i.'^Liu. Trunf. iv. p. 113. pi, xvL f, 5.6. 'J' H E malt of this differs in the formation of the trachea from the femalcy as in feveral of the Duck genus : the windpipe is flout, nearly equal in diameter, but a trifle fmaller towards the bottom j the bony arch, as in others, finifhes the bottom part, and appears as if furnifhed with rings, but they are not moveable as in the reft of tlie trachea : the orlxcular labyrinth is attached to the (ide of it : this is not fmooth on the furface, as in the Pintail and Pf^igeon, but univerfal- ly rough and irregularly furrowed with fine indented lines j the oppo- fite fide runs into a pear-fhape, and is placed obliquely, with the poinc loweft, but is flatted confiderably on the furface : the bony arcli is on this fide fmooth, having no appearance of rings, and is bent at a fmall angle from the trachea, although it conftitutes a continuance of it. In old birds, the bony labyrinth is more rounded, and larger^ but ftills retains the roughnefs on the furface ; in a very old bird, furnifhed to me by Mr. Boys^ the labyrinth is not only much larger, but nearly globular, and the bony arch quite fmooth, yet is finely granulated and faintly wrinkled, and the texture more bony. That figured by Dr. Blocks in the Berlin TranfaSionSf appears by much too large, but it is not for us to fay that it is faulty, for in cafe his figure is taken from a foreign fpecimen, and fuppofit^ that the Mufcovf puck arrives at twice the fize we fee them in England^ and which theyr are faid to do, no doubt but the labyrinth and its trachea would bear a due proportion. ^T ' II u DUCK* Lobated Duck* Nat. Mi/c. pi. 2^5. CIZE of the Mallard: the bill large, bent at the tip; colour duflcy black ; from the under mandible fprings a roundifti large flap or wattle, of a very dark colour, hanging downwards : general colour of the plumage dufky black, crofTed with numerous tranfvcrfe pale or whitifh linci, intermixed with minute irregular markings and fpots of the fame : the chin, fore part of the neck, and belly, have the ground white, marked and irregularly fpotted with duflcy black : quills, and tail duflcy black, the lafl: fumewhac pomted ia ihape : leg,s lead colour. Inhabits Niw Holland, Anas torrlcla, Ind. Orn. i. p* 84$. 33. firanta torrida, Sctp. Ann. H. Nat, i. N* 86. CIZE of a CreftedDuck: the head white: the upper part of the neck black } beneath chefnac Anas albicans, Jnd. Onu i. p. 845. 54. Branta albifrons. Stop. Ann. Hift. Nat, i. N<* 87. CIZE of a Co€k: general colour of the plunnage brown: head and neck incUning to rufous : forehead and beneath white : the upper part of the bread cinereous ; the feathers margined with pale ferru- ginous, with a rufous band towards the tip : quUls within an4 ^ the tips white. Anas regia, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 847. 39. Canard royal, Molin, Chil. (Fr. ed.) p. 212. 'T^HIS is a trifle larger than a Mallard: it has a comprefl^d ca- runcle on the forehead, forming a fort of crefl: or comb : all the 3 "PP««^> 349 12. LOUATED D. DEscRtmomL. Flack: »3' TORRID D. DiSCKlPTlOR*. 14. WHITE- FRONTEDt D. DESCRIFTIOir. ROYAL D. DiMRiPTtON, I t \ I ■■ T' I i r \ IIP ii ' \ { ii ■ ■Hi, 3 so Flaci. 16. SOLITARY D. Description. »7. VELVET D. DiscRimoN. DUCK. ■upper parts of the body are fine blue j the under grey : about the neck is a beautiful white collar. Inhabits CbiU, Anas monacha, InJ. Orn. ii. p. 847. ^o.—Scep. Ann. i. N° 86. 'T^HTS is larger than the Mallard: bill yellowifli, with a black tip : lore grey : plumage varied black and white : head and be- ginning of the breaft fpotted with black : prime quills white j tips variegated with brown: fpeculum violet green: tail pointed i the feathers white, marked with a brown fpot at the tip. Ants fufca, Tnd. Orn. ii. p. 848. ^/^.—Guttth. Ne/f. und Ey. t. 90. Egg.—Scbr, tits Etrl. Nat, iii. p. 374. t. 8. f. i. Velvet Duck> Gen. Syn. vi. p. 482. 37.— / ll< Wild Du.k. G.'H. Sjw. vi. p. 489. 43. MALLARD TT lias been mentioned before, that this fpecies is found common in very many places. In Indian about the neighbourhood of Ccchin, it is called Tarava*^: the fle(h however is almofl: unfit for food, as they chiefly live on Pilchards : on board a fhip therefore, thefe are kept a long time on different food before they are killed. An immenfe trade is carried on with them in the maritime towns of iMdia, giving employment in particular to the Chrijiians, MahometanSy and black Jews. Sir George Utamton \ affirms, that the fVild Ducks are caught by the device of empty jars or gourds put over the heads of the divers, who wade; for them upon the IVce-chaung-boo Lake, in the manner we have before noticed if. The windpipe of the male of mio fpecies differs from that of t!;e female, by having a globular or labyrinthic cavity, about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, juft before the entrance into the lungs ; for the (hape of which, fee Lin, Tranfa£t, vol iv p. 1 1 2. N° 17. tab. xiii. f. 10. whether the Hook-billed Duck is diftind, or a variety only of the Mailard, remains to be de- termined; perhaps an accurate infpedlion and comparifon of the trachea may determine the point. Anas marila, //>ir, given, which is known to vary in colour moft exceedingly • Bartolom. Voy. to the Eafi Indiet» Svo. Engl. ed. t Embef. to Ciina, ii. p. 400. j Gtn. Syn. vi. p. 492. in 19. SCAU? D. I !'., ^ 1 i. I'i' r • \^ ^' i ; ' ! 1 J5* i n u c K^ in dlfFereni ftages of life, and no doubt but fome of the males ofinfe* rior plumage have been taken for females : but the true female has only of late been precifely determined. I owe the firft hint of this to my valued correfpondent the lar^ Mr. Tunjialt but the pofitive certainty of the circumftance to that indefatigable naturalift Mr. Boys, who was at the pains to procure for me feveral fpecimens. The length of the female bird is eighteen inches and three-quarters j •from the bill to the end of the toes, twenty inches and a half; breadth, thirty-one inches i weight thirty ounces : the bill is broad, flat, o{ a pale blue, with a black knob : irides yellow : head dark brown : at the bafe of the bill :s a band of white, nearly half an inch broad, paffing quite round the forehead, cheeks, and throat: breaft dark brown, the feathers tipped with darker brow i : back and fca- 'pulars light grey, tranfverfely waved with ir:^^ ««/■, iv. p. 117. pi. XV. f. 89. TTHIS bird has been fully treated of by moil authors. We have only to add here, that the male is to be diftinguilhed from the other fex, by the addition of a labyrinth in the trachea at the lowed part, and is unlike that of any hitherto mentioned, conlifting of two roundilh bladders, the one bigger than the other, of unequal furface, and mod delicate bony texture, being of fo tender a fabric, as fcarcely to bear the preflure of the finger, without indenting in young fubjefts or breaking in old ones. For the figure, fee the Linnaan TranfaSlions above quoted. Anas clypeata, InJ. Orn. n. p. 856. 60.— C^r. Orn. v. t. 572. 573.— •5/r//. f^og. t. 130. 131. Shoveler, Gen. Sjn. vi. p. 509. 55.-- I#w»«*i Birds, 7. N« i^Z.^—Lin. Tranf.'vt. p. 109. pi. xiii. f. 4. 5. \\7'E have nothing to add concerning this bird, further than to no- DBicRiprtoM. tice the labyrinth in the trachea of the male, which confifts of a roundifh bony arch, but very fmall in proportion to the bird, as may be fecn in the plate in the Limaan TranfaSions above referred to. . , ^ 2t. SHOVELEP. D. Anas ftrepera, InJ, Orn. ii.'p. 859. 69— G/r. Orn. v. t. 574. 575. Gadwal, Gen, Syn. vi. p. ^li<-^Linn» Tranf. iv. p. il 1. t. 13. f. 7. 8. QpHE windpipe of the maU has a bony bladder and arch, fomcwhat like that of the Pintail Duck ; but the globular part not quite fb la^ge: we nj?y obferve too, that it adheres to the fide of the arch, quite to the bottom, whereas in the Pinfailt it i$ attached to the fide of the arch by a fmall portion only. 22. GADWAL D. DlSCRIPTlOV. §Wii H m^ ■U 354 DUCK. 23- WIGEON. DSSCRIPTION. Anas Penelope* /»c^up t> except in being fmaller. The trachea alfo itfelf is of fmaller dimenfions throughout : thefe comparifons cannot fail to identify the fpecies, if properly attended to. • Lin, Tranf, iv. pi. xiv. f. 5. 6. f U. pi. xiv. f. 3. 4. Z z 2 16. GOLDEN.EYE D. Description. «7' TUFTED D. Dbscription. )", . iliii*h 'i; ' ' '., : " tl' If ■;,■ II'" ' I K ' * ■ It!; ^. ■ 3S^ DUCK. 28. SPARRMAN'S D. Description. Pl,AC». Anas Sparrtnanni, I»J, Orn. ii. p. 876. 110. Anas alandica, Muf. Carl/.fa/c. f. iii. tab. 60. np H I S is twenty-three inches long : the bill and legs black : the upper parts of the plumage varied with black, ferruginous, and white : fcapulars black, margined with ferruginous white : breaft and belly dirty white : tail ferruginous, fafciated with black. Inhabits Aland, in Swedetit towards Abo. - - 29. GMELIN'S D. DlSCRIPTIOIf. Flaci. KEKUSCHKA D. DESCaifTIONi Flace. Anas Gmelini, InJ. Orn, ii. p. 876. 1 1 1. — S. G. Gmel. rei/e, i. p. 70.—/^. ii. p. 182. t. 16. np HIS is larger than a Teat : at the corners of the mouth a fpot of white: the general colour is black: the head chefnut: the bread croffed with reddilh lines : belly whitifh, with duflcy fpots : fides and vent fnow white : the firft four outer quills are black, but ■within cinereous i from the fifth to the tenth wholly cinereous; eleventh to nineteenth white j the twentieth, on the fore part half white half duflcy, at the hinder part cinereous i all of them tipped with black j from the twenty-firft to twenty-fifth, as alfo the wing coverts, wholly black : tail black. Inhabits the Cajpian Sea, and the neighbouring pares of the South. oi Ruffia, Anas Kekufchka, Ind. Or«. ii. p. 877. 112.— 5. G. Gmel. rei/e, iii. p. 249. t. 26. 'Tp H I S exceeds nineteen inches in length : the general colour is an oker yellow i the under parts white : the back afli colour : rump and tail deep black : quills from the fifteenth to the nineteenth whita at the tips. Inhabits the neighbourhood of the Cajpan Sea: it is eaten by fome j but the fiefh is faid to be rancid. D U C Kr Anas Arabica, Ind, Or-n.\\. p. 877. 113. Anas Scharchir, Forjk. Faun. Arab. p. 3. 7. 3'57 3'- ARABIC D. 'I'^HE bill is yellow, with the middle part black: the body fpotted Descriptiow. with grey : beneath and on the rump whitifli> with cinereous fpots ; fpeculum or wing-fpot dulky, banded before and behind with white :. legs yellowifli afh colour. Inhabits >^rtf^/«/. PtACB. Anas Alexandrlna, Ind. Orn. li. p. 877. ir4. — — Sau Sarai, Forfi. Faun. Arab. p. 3. 8. J*- ALEXAinDRINE D. 1 N this, the bill and vent are black: the neck alh colour, marked^ Description. with black crefcents : belly white : legs yellow alh colour, inhabits Alexandria, Anas Gattair, Ind, Orn. ii. p. ^77. 1 15.— Fw^. Faun. Jrah. p. 3. lOi Place. GATTAIR D. ^IX^L brown: plumage brown : wings black ; beneath white, mar- Dejcmptiok. gined with brown : the quills from the fourth to the twentieth white in the middle : belly and tail coverts white : legs blucifli alh colour. Inhabits Alexandria,. Pi-acs, Anas Sirfseiri Ind. Orn.xi. p. 877. ii6.— ftfr/f. Faun. Arab. p. 3. ii. DILL lead colour; beneath yellow : chin white: crown brown: back brown, the feathers whitifh on the margins : bel'y whitilh fpeculum of the wings divided obliquely, abov€ filky green, beneath black i before and behind white : legs grey. Inhabits Arabia, SIRSiEIR D. Description. Plack. I 1:1 ill "1! I? ,„ m m ■0. !■'■' '1 1 'I A M 8111 i1 ii ' w ■mi )) liit mi )..5:v, i!" 55' DUCK. 35- HAWKSBURY D. DesCRlFTtON. FRONTISPIECE. Flacei T ENGTH twenty-two inches; fize of a Wigeon: bill ratiier fhorter than in that bird, colour black : head and neck choco- late brown j at the back 'part of the nape, the feathers are much lengthened, fomewhat paler, and black at the ends : the upper pare of the back and wing coverts brownifh alh colour, the lall palefl: : the lower part of the back, rump, tail, and middle of the belly, vent, under tail coverts, and quills, are black j but the fides of the bread and belly under the wings are grey, crofied with minute undulated lines: fpeculum of the wing green, bounded on each fide with white, but beneath the white is broader than above : the outer webs of the fcapulars are black : but the moft difiiinguifliing character is, tha»: the feathers of the bread have the ends of a pale filvery grey, and on eich fide of the grey a fpot of blackilli, giving that part an undu- lated appearance, fpotted with black : the wings when clofed do nor. reach quite to the end of the tail: the legs are brown. The female differs in having the vent white inftead of black, and the green fpeculum on the wings fmaller and Icfs confpicuous. Inhabits Neiv South fVales ; frequently met wiih about ilaivkjhury Rtvery and now and then obferved perched on trees. The male is now in my own colledbion, but among the drawings of Mr. iMmberty I obferve fome variety, for the elongated feathers at the nape take up much more fpace in fome than in others : the head and neck too in ibme are fine rufous, not unlike thofe parts in the Pochard : from the lower part of the bread to the middle of the belly a{h colour, beautifully njarkcd with curved lines of brown : on die back four or five irregular large patches of black : legs black. DUCK. 'THE length of this bird is about nineteen or twenty inches, and is nearly the fize of our Duck : the bill is large, growing broader at the end, which part is foft and membranous j colour black : irides blue : the upper part of the head, a large patch round the eye, and the back part of the neck, dufky : back and wings ferruginous brown : above and behind the eye a ferruginous ftreak : fome of the inner feathers of the wings have very pale tips, as well as the lower part of the rump, and acrofs the tail : the under parts from the noftrils, fides and front of the neck, and all beneath the body, dirty white, tranf- verfely mottled with grey j towards the vent, and the fides under the wings, nearly black. Inhabits New South Wales i but is rare : the native name is Wrongi. A bird with a bill of a fimilar foft texture is found at New Zealand'* j but as the colours of the plumage do not by any means correfpond, I dare not venture to fay they are allied to each other. 'J* HIS fpecies is about eighteen or nineteen inches in length, and refembles in colour the Blue-winged Shoveler, but the plumage is in general darker, and is dellitute of the white crefcent obferved behind the eye of the male of that bird : the bill is full as large as in the Shoveler: the vent is black, with many mottlings of black conti- guous thereto : legs pale flefli colour. The female faid to differ in not having the vent black ; in other things both fexes fufBciently agree. * Soft-billed Duck, G(n, Sjn. p. 522. 67. Inhabits 359 36. NEW HOLLAND D. Descriftion. Placi. 37- NEW HOLLAND SHOVELER. Description. ill 't?f I J . i '' ' -d. II t'ift I Nil i If m \:. m. \t* It 1 I jiff "I ' . ;P ■ i6o Place. DUCK. Inhabits New Holland: was (hot at Botany Bay, in May. It ap- pears to agree in fo many things with the Blue-winged Shoveler, tliat with many it might pafs for a variety only of that bird. 38. G ARCANE Y D. DiSOIFTIOH. Anas Querquedula, lad. Orn. ii. p. 872. 99.— G^r. Om. v. t. 595. Anas Circia, Sepp. Fog. z. tab. 94. 95. Garganey, Gen. Sjti. vi. p. 550. Bj.—~Lin. Tranf. iv. p. 108. pi. xiii. f. 2. 3. ^pHIS bird, though no more than three inches longer than the TVa/, has the bony labyrinth of the windpipe comparatively of a much larger fize : it is nearly oval in fhape, of the fize of the finger's end, and appears in one view as a continuation of the end of the tra- chea, but a trifle flatted on one fide, to admit of the infertion of the ufual mufcles: at the upper part, on the fide next the breaft, it is alfo flatted, and from thence the two bronchiae have their origin. TiiAL. Dbscription. Anas Crecca, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 872. 100.— G*r. Orn. t. 598. Teal, Gtn. Syn, vi.|p. 55 1. 88.— ii«. Tranf. iv. p. 108. pi. xiii. f. i. nPHE male of this bird has not only a fmall windpipe in proportion to the fize of its body, but it has alfo a very fmall labyrinth, being fcarcely bigger than a pea. Nothing more needs here be added : a bare infpedtion of the figure in the plate of the Unnaan TranJaSiions, will explain every thing ncceffarjr. PENGUIN. J6t -Gin us XCVIII. PENGUIN. N' I. Chiloe P. N" a. Three-toed P. Aptenodytes Chtloenfis, /« drawings, is named Gungunneer. I obferved alfo among the drawings of Mr. BrucCt one fimilar, by the name of Gungunnah : the general colour of this was white : belly even with the thighs j the thighs themfelves, and vent black j wings black and white fpoLted : bill pale red, much hooked at the tip of the upper mandible : irides red : legs black. The New Holland one is feven feet from the tip of one wing to that of the other : the bill yellow : round the eye bare and yellow j but between the bill and eye feathered: the plumage in general is white:, the beginning fthe back, and all the quills black : legs blue. It is called by the natives Karrangaba. I muft not omit to mention the beautiful foft down which lies immediately under the feathers of this fpecies. Mr, Barrow* notices the circumftance in relpeft to the Travels in South 4frica» p. 70. "Pelicans PELICAN, PelicMs of the Cape of Good Hope-, and wc have heard it remarked, that this down is at lead equal, if not fuperior to that of the Szvan. 363 Pclecanus Carbo, 7« 7. On:, v. p. 886. 14. Phahicrocorax, Ger. Orn. v. t. 501. Corvorant, Gen. Syn. vi. p. 593. 13. jD OTH the Corvorant and Shag are frequent at Lougharn, and eels arc fuppofed to be their chief food i but the Sea Goby has alfo been taken from their ftomach, hence it may be fuppofcd, tliat they prey at tinnes on Fijh alfo*. It is no uncommon thing to fee tweniy of thefe birds together on the fand, by the river fide, with extended wings, drying themfclves in the wind, and in this pofuion to remain fometimes for near an hour, without once clofing them; and as foon as they are fufficiently dry, to enable the feathers to imbibe the oil, they prefs a portion thereof from the receptacle on their rumps, and drefs the feathers with it j and it is only in one particular (late that the oily matter can be fpread thereon, by no means when quite dry, but in a ftate of dampncfs, and the proper moment known to the birds by inftinft alone. It has been obferved, that the Corvorant builds at Ramfey IJlandj in the higheft cliffs and moft inacceflible places; the Shag much lower, and is by much the more familiar bird of the two. Inftances have been noticed, of the Corvorant not being eafily frightened from any place on which it perches ; in addition to which, I have been credibly- informed, that the end q( July 1793, one of them was found fitting on the vane o( St. Magdalen's Church fteeple, on Ludgate Hilly in London, and was Ihot from thence in the prefence of a number of people •{-. • Colonel Montagu. \ A further defcrjption of the manners of the Corvtrant may be fcen, well drawn ap, in Gilpin* s Remarks on Foreft Scenery, x vols. 8ro. 1791. 3A 2 CORVORANT. DfiSCRtPTlON. m m * m. It 1'^ 5^4 PELICAN. CHINESE C. OlICRIPTION. Louws, Ogiliy- Chin. pi. in p. 92.-/4'. pi. p. 699. Loufoo, Du HaU. Chin. vol. ii. 14a. pi. in p. ibz,—^Jb*ck. V«j. \\. p. jj, Leu-tze, Emb. to China, ii. p. 588. 412. pi. 72. TV/f U C H has been faid heretofore concerning the bird ufed by the* Chineje foi fifhing : we were led to think, from what Linnaus had been infornncd, that at lead one of the fexes was white, but we owe to Sir George Staunton^ the intire development of the true fpe- cies, not only by his obfervation on the mode whillt in China, but by having brought home various fpccimcns for examination, from whence it appears that the bird is ftridtly neither a Corvorant noc Sba^i though approaching thereto, but a diftinft fpecics : the bill is yellow : irides blue : the general colour of the plumage brownilh black: chin white: the body whitifli beneath, fpotted with brown: tail rounded, confiding of twelve feathers. In the journey to Han-cboo-fooy on the river Luen, fir George ob- &rved, on a large lake clofe to this part of the canal, and to the eaftward of it, thoufands of imall boats and rafts, built entirely for this fpccies of fi(heryi on each boat or raft were ten or twelve birds, which at a fignal from the owner plunge into the water, and it is afto- nilhing to fee the enormous fize of fifli with which they return grafpecl in their bills. They appeared to be fo well trained, that it did not require either ring or cord about their throats, to prevent tiiem from fwallowing any portion of their prey, except what the matter was pleafcd to return to them for encouragennent and food. The boat ufed by thefe fifhcrnicn is of a remarkably light make, and is often carried to the lake, rogcther with the fUhing birds, by the men wh(9> are there to be fupportcd by it*. • See vignette in Emi, tg ChiM, ii. p. 389. «; the b«ttom PELICAN. 3«5 F'elecanus BaHanas, TnJ. Orn. ii. p. 891. 26.— >G;r. Oth. V. t. 515. Gannet, Gen. Sjn. vi. p. 6o3. 25.— Tour in Scot/. 1769, pi. in p. 199. TT has been obferved, that when thcfe birds pafs from place to place, which they are Ibmetimes obferved to do in flocks, from five to fifteen each, they keep low, near the fliore, but never pafs over the land, on the contrary, doubling the capes and projefting parts, keeping at nearly the fame diftance. It has been before men- tioned, that at Saint Kildaj the inhabitants hold them in much eftima- tion. Mr. Pennant fays, that the natives tie a herring to a board, and fet it afloat, fo that the Gannety by falling furioufly upon it, may break its neck in the attempt. This, however, appears to be unlawful, for the faflening herrings thus to planks at fca, to catch the Soland Goofe^ is forbidden under a fevere penalty. It is an unfatiably voracious bird, difdaining to eat any thing v-orfe than Herrings or Mackarelt unlefs it be in a very hungry place, which it endeavours to avoid or abandon: an hundred thoufand of them are fuppofed to be round the rocks of Saint Kilda, which is far too moderate, as 20,000 of them arc killed annually for food, including the young ones ; and we Ihall fup- pofe that the SolanJ Goofe fojourns in thefe fcas for about feven months of the year, and that each of them deftroys five herrings in a day, a fubfiftence by no means adequate to fo greedy a creature, un- lefs more than half fupported by othc fi.Oi. Here we have 105,000,000 of the fineft fiflies in the world devoured annually by one fingle Ipecies of Saint Kilda birds ♦. The Gannet y before it gains its white plumage, is brown, moft beautifully fpotted all over with white i one of thefe was taken alive near me in September 1798 : it weighed three pounds and a quarter; length three feet; breadth fix feet: irides blueifli grey. It was on the whole fo exaflly like the bird reprefented in pi, 986 of the P/, £ii- himmieii as to render any further defcription unneceflary. • See Siutanaa'i View of the Fifliery of Grtat Brittu'ii, GANNET. Dbscriptiomt* 4 iti ! i!ii!t; ^66 TROPIC BIRD. TROPIC Place. Genus C. TROPIC BIRD. JN our Synopfisy we have mentioned three fpecies of this genus, with their varieties, but f fufpefl that there is at leaft one more fpecies, having been (hewn a long tail of a Tropic Bird, the fliafc of which is black, and the web buff colour: it is about the fize of the common one, but much fuller webbed, and docs not end in a point, as is the ufual manner. It was faid to come from fome part of the South Seat but the ^jlace uncertain. DARTER. 3^7 Genus CI. D A R T E R.' Plotus anhinga. In J. Orn. ii. p. 89 j. i. Colymbus colubrinus, Snake Bird, Sartr. Trav. . 130. 143. White-bellied Darter, Geit. Sja. vi. p. 622. i. \/f R. ^i^hf, of Georgia, feems to think that this bird ftays through- out the year in his neighbourhood, having feen it at times the whole of the winter. Mr. Bartram, after defcribing the bird, adds, that they have a way of fpreading out the tail like an unfurled tmx they delight to fit in little peaceable connmunities, on the dry limbs oi irecs, hanging over the flill waters, with the wings and tail expanded, and when approach- ,cd, they drop off the limb into z\-\t water as if dead, and for a minute or two are not feen, when on a fudden, at a vaft diftance, their long flender heads and necks only appear, and have much the appearance of Snakes, as no other part of them is to be feen ^vhen^fwimming in 1 the water, except fometimes the tip of their tail j it. the heat of the day, they are feen in great numbers, failing very high in ihe air, over lakes "nd rivers. WHITE- BELLIED D. m %n ,'■.■■•4 m 11: H'^ ' 'fti '^H iiiyu^s 358 O W U ADDITIONS- CHINA O. DllCHIPTION. Place. UNDULATED O. Dbscription.. PXiACI* Genus IIL OWL. LENGTH fevcnteen inches: bill dulky black: the headisfmoothi the face pale, with dufky markings j the feathers furrounding ic margined with duflcy : the general colour of the upper parts of the plumage is ferruginous chefnut, with dulky markings, but at the back part of the head and neck, wich black and white irregular fpots : the quills and mil powdered with darker chefnut dots, and croffed with bars of the fame, at half an inch diftance : the chin and throat are white ; the reft of the under parts of the body and thighs are white alfo, but croffed with numerous fine dufky lines : legs feathered to the toes, and of the fame colour ., claws dufky. Inhabits China: for this, and m^^ny of die following, I am indebted to General Dayies., J^E N G T H twelve inches : general colour ^a the upper parts like that of .the Brown Owli but moft of the wing coverts and lefler quills are marked at the ends with white : the whole head and throat arc of one colour, but from thence to the vent each feather is mar- gined witn white, giving an undulated appearance : the bill is large, ftrong, of a /lueifli lead colour, befet with ftiff briftles at the bafc: legs yellow i toes bare of feathers j claws black. Inhabits Norfolk yiand. i illiiii U:' Iw ', ttl t • , T1.CXX. I ■.t. B^ PARROT. G E N u s V. P A R R O T. J^ENGTH eighteen inches: bill large, blue, with a black point: general colour of the plumage dark green, under parts paler*. fbrchcaU and middle of the crown crimfon : quills deep blue : tail long, duflcy, grcenifli brown above, brown beneath : legs brown. Found at Port Jack/on. It appears moft to coincide with the Van A. of the Pacific Parrot, Gen, Syn. ii. p. 25 j. 56. A. but feems to be of nearly twice the fize. C I Z £ of the Greif Parrot j length thirteen inches : general colour duflcy, with a flight glofs of green, and the margins of the fea- thers very pale : the head feathers are full, and the bird thereby en- abled to ereft them as a creft at will ; the whole of thefe are a deep fcarlet, except the chin, which is duflcy: the under parts of the body are paler than the upper, and undulated with a mixture of reddifli and green, ariflng from the margins of the feathers being of that co- lour, but not very confpicuous, except jufl: at the bottom of the belly, where the red predominates : the quills and tail are plain duflcy, but appear fomewhat undulated with darker in a flrong light : the bill is yellowifli: legs duflcy: the tail is fliortj the wings reach three parts thereon. Another, fuppofed to be tht/emale, was fifteen inches in length ; on the upper parts much like the other, but the feathers more confpicu- oufly barred with a pale colour, more particularly the quills and tail, in v^tbich laft the bars are fix or feven in number : the head is tufted with feathers as in the other, but the feathers the fame colour as the back : the chin duflcy green : breaft and belly barred acrofs beauti- Supp. II. 3 B fully J69 RED-TOPPED P. OESCRirTION. Placi. RED- CROWNED P. Dbsgkiption. 1 ^ '" ■1 ,- : ' 1 i i .^Ji in ! \m i » ■ i' 'Bii Ii ' Mil if ; -il] iH'iit mw m It m 4 m 1 n : if / mm 370 Placi. H O R N B I L L. folly with red, ycUow, and brown, growing more dull towards tfie vent. Befides the above, I faw another at Mr. T:'Lompfon% in which only part of the head had the red creft, feenningly an intermediate ftate be. tween tlie former two, and may be fuppofed a young bird not yet in. adult plumage. Thefc inhabit Nnv South Wales, HELMET HORNBILL. DxsCRirTlON. Genus IX. H O R N B I L L» Buceros galeatus, Ind. Orn. i. p. 142. 2. Helmet Hornbill, Gen. Syn. i. p. 343. z. J^S the bill m this bird has been before defcribed at large, it is ne- ceflary here only to fay, that it is about eight inches long, and lias a prodigious fquarc callofity, rifing three inches and a half in height above the bafe of the upper mandible, projedling over the eyes *. The plumage on the head, breaft, back, and wings, is black j belly, thighs, and vent, white : the tail is long, cuneiform in (hapc, and white, with a broad bar of black near the end of each feather. The total length of the bird is four feet, of which the tail meafures two, for the two middle feathers occupy that fpace, the two next on each fide are twenty-one inches, anr' the three outer ones one foot : the wings reach about three inches on the tail : the legs are flout, fcaly, and black. A pretty complete fpecimen of this bird is in die Britijh Mujeunu • Good figtir€» of it way be feen in Ednuanlt, pi. 281, C— T'/. Enl. 933. CROW. ROLI^ER. 37 1 Euceros p'icatus, /W. Orn. i. p. 146. 12. Calao of tl-.e Ifl.snd ofWaigiou, D'Entrecaft. Fcj. (Eng!. ed. 8vo.) ii. p. 304. pi. xi. Wreathed Hornbill, Lath, Syn. i. p. 358.— /rf'. Supp. p. 76. WREATHED HORNBILL. jQY the defcription given in the above voyage, it will be found to Descriptiok, tally not unaptly with that given by Dampier. The bill is faid to be arched, of a dirty white, each mandible unequally indented; the upper one furmounted by a fort of yellowifli creft, which is flattened and grooved : the wings and body are black j the tail is white ; and if we may judge by the figure, fhort, and even at the end : the neck of a pretty bright rufous colour. Genus XIII. CROW. ENGTH ten inches: bill and legs black : upper parts of the plumage in general, from the crown to the tail coverts, as well as the wings, fine pale blue grey : the face, to beyond the eyes, chin, throat, and breaft, full black j all from thence beneath, thighs and vent, pure white ; the outer edge of the wing and quills black, edged with white : tail black. Inhabits Port Jackfon. It has much affinity to the Black-faced Crow * J but the black proceeds as far as the breaft, not finifhing on thethiwrtt; and the under parts are not of fo pure a white as in the one here defcribed s however, wc cannot be pofitive that it may be only a variety. BLACK- BREASTED CR. DescRimoN. Placi. ^,1 'iiiii itii Genus XIV. ROLLER. PACIFIC R. J ENGTH nine inches*, bill and legs red: head and neck chef- Desciuptiom. nut ; chin and throat, down the middle, black, bounded on each • Supp. ii. p. 116. 19. 3 B 2 fide :;i^: K %^ i Hii if! 'tf "1 ; >v Place. WOODPECKER. KINGSFISHER. CREEPER. fide with a line of white : the lower part of the neck from the chefnut changes to green, and from thence all beneath is paler green : wings fine blue; bafe of the quills white, forming a fpot of white when expanded : rump and tail coverts green : tail itfclf, and ends of the quills, duiky blue black. Inhabits Port Jackfon, GORGET W. Description. Flacb. Genus XXII. WOODPECKER. E N G T H about nine inches : bill pale horn colour: head, neck, and upper parts deep cinnamon or chefnut, growing very pale on the rump : back and wings marked with numerous curved tranf- verfe black crefcents ; acrofs the breaft a large black crefccnt ; from thence to the vent pale dulky rufous, fpotred with black : rump and vent paler than the reft, marked with black : tail feathers black. Inhabits ^ee^ Charlotte's Sound: it comes neareft in colour to the Rufous Woodfecker, but is a larger bird, and mod probably is a dillinft fpecies. AZURE K. DiSCRIFTlON. pLACt. Genus XXIV. KINGSFISHER. T ENGTH fix inches and a half ; fize of the European fpecies: bill an inch and three-quarters long, and black : the plumage on the upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, is of a fine deep blue : between the bill and eye a buff coloured ftreak : on each fide of the neck, a long oblique ftreak of white j all the under parts of the body, from chin *o vent, deep bufF colour : quills brown : legs red. Inhabits Norfolk Ifland» ULUE-FACED CR. DlSCElPTKX. Genus XXIX. CREEPER. T E N G T H five inches : bill three quarters of an inch, black : ge- neral colour of the plumage dufky, nearly black on the under parts. THRUSH. parts, but on the crown of the head and the back brown : quills and ta" wholly duflcy black : the face, all round the bill, and the chin and rump, are fine blue : legs duflcy black. Inhabits /ifrica. Defcribed from a fpecimen found prcferved in the collcdion of the late Mr. Bailey, of the Hay Market. Genus XXXII. THRUSH, T ENGTH feven inches and a half: bill and legs yellow : general colour of the plumage duiky or purplifli black : head and neck pale afti colour : one fuppofed to be the hen, has the head and neck of a darker a(h colour, and the reft of the plumage fomewhat paler, otherwife not unlike. Inhabits Norfolk IJland. 1 ENGTH feven inches and a half; fize of the Black-eyed Thrup: top of the head above the eyes, and nape, fine blue grey : chin, fore part of the neck and breaft, black : behind tiie eye a large white patch : the lower part of the neck, the back, wings, and tail, fine ^ lie green : belly, thighs, and vent yellow : bill and legs black. This inhabits the fame parts as the Black-eyed T^rufi^ and is fup- pofed by fome to be the other fex of that bird. I ENGTH feven inches and a half: head, neck, back, wings, and tail, black : a large patch of white on the lower coverts or fb- condary quills : the under parts of the body from the breaft white : over the eyes a long ftreak of white, like an eye-* .ow : thighs black, dotted with white : wings when clofed reach half way on the tail : bill and legs black. Found at Port Jackfon : defcribed from a drawing made from a fpecimen 373 PtACI. ASH-HEADED THR. Description. Flaci. WHITE-EARED THR. Discriftion. Plao. WHITE- BROWED THR. Description. Flack. W 4 '. l!j ^ i 11: '''" i ' />- ^74 FLYCATCHER. MANAKIN. PIGEON. fpccimen brought from thence by Governor Kifig : in appearance It mod refembles the Reftlejs Thrujh, N° 1 1. j but in this laft, the white trace over the eye, and white patch on the wing, are both wanting. COCHIN FL. DCSCRIFTION. Place. GOLD- BREASTED M. Description. Fi.ACI> Genus XL. F L Y C A T C H E R. T E N G T H four inches and three quarters : bill dufky, with fevc- ral hairs at the gape: crown above the eye, nape, hind neck, back, and wings, olive brown, darker on the forehead; all beneath, level with the eye, to the vent, pale rufous j very light abour the throat and neck: quills duflcy : at the outer edge of the wing a white fpot: tail brown, but paler than the back, and greatly cuneiform j the middle feathers being two inches long, the outer ones five eighths of an inch ; the three outer feathers are white at the ends, with a crefccnt of black juft within the white : legs pale red. Inhabits Cochin China, Genus XLIV. MANAKIN. J ENGTH four inches: bill pale: head, neck, breafl-, back, wings, and tail, deep blue black ; acrofs the breaft a band of fine yellow, curved upwards on each fide of the neck i from thence, the belly, thighs, and vent, are deep ferruginous : legs pale alh colour. Inhabits Brazil. WORFOLK Description. Genus XLVIII. PIGEON T ENGTH fourteen inches : head and neck, as far as the breaft, white J from the laft to the vent black : quills black : back and wings deep dufky -purple, with a few darker markings : tail dull pur- ple, with the inner webs of the feathers dulky : bill black : legs red. 4 With G A L L I N U L E. V^ith this was another, faid to differ only in fcx. In it, the heaJ, neck, and bread were ferruginoub : back and wings green : quills dufky : belly, thighs, rump, and vent, brownifli purple : the two middle tail feathers ferruginous, the rcll pale brownilh purple : bill and legs as in the other. Inhabits Norfolk IJland. J ENGTH twenty inches: bill deep red j towards the tip yellow: irides crimfon: head and fore part of the neck, as far as the breaft, fine glofly deep green ; towards the breaft paler : (boulders deep chocolate red, or chefnutj behind the neckglofled with copper: the lower part of the back, the wings, and tail, pale blue: quills within dufky : breaft, belly, and vcntj white : legs red. Inhabits Norfolk IJland, T ENGTH eight inches: head, neck, and breaft, pale grey: belly, thighs, and vent, white : back and wings light fandy brown : wing coverts marked with white fpots : quills deep brownifh grey : tail cuneiform in Ihape j the two middle feathers three inches and a half .long, the outer, one inch and a quarter j the end half of all but the two middle ones white. Inhabits New South Wales* Genus LXXX. G A L L I N U L E. I> ILL red and large, as in the Purple Gallinulej and rifing on the forehead : head and neck blue grey, growing to azure towards the chin : back purple : wings and tail deep indigo : breaft and belly verditer green: vent white : tail indigo: legs fcarlct. Drawn from ooc in Exefer Exchange ^ by General Davits, Another, 21i Place, CHESNUT- SHOULDhRED' P. Description. Placi. GREY-NECKBD P. Descriptiok. Pl ACB. GREY- HEADEI> G. DiSCRIFTIOir. Hi 'inij i S16 GALLINULE. Another, faid to come from Madagafcar: bill the fame, but not coming fo high on the forehead: head and neck pale grey: back deep green and black intermixed : chin, bread, and (boulders of wings, verditer green : belly and fides blue : vent ultramarine : legs and bare part of the thighs fcarlct. Thefe fcem to be varieties only of each other, if not of a diflferent fex. p<.,"^'-' INDEX. N D E X- ■¥ ti! A. AASVogel '^ AbbaGumba Acoli ... AJgle, blagre — > blanchard . — deGottingue ~ de la Guiane — de Pondicherry — deftru£leur — ecaude — grande de la Guiane — erifFard — Huppard — rooyen — nonette •■• vautourin — vocifer - • Alauda arvenfis - — Bengalenfis - — Coromanda - — gigcntea «— oblcura •— Gorenfis «— Novae Zelandiae - — pantherana - — Yeltonienfls Aloueue pipi Ampelis criitata <■' — cuprea — garru]us — lutea Anas alandlca — albicans •— acuta . - - Page IX. 15 - 99 ■ 42 • 34 21 20 - 38 32 . 20 21 20 . 16 • 17 37 33 • »9 ■ 226 • 144 • »43 • ib. • 227 ■ 229 228 • 227 ■ 228 • 227 • 190 • ib. - 189 190 • 356 • 349 • 354 Anas Alexandrina — Anfer — Arabics — atrata — Bofchas — c«Brulcfcen» - — Circia — Clangula — clypeata — Cofcoroba - ^ Crecca — Cygnus ~ ferina — ^ranata — Fuligula — fufca — Gattair — Glaucion — Gmelini -— hyberna, Mas — Hybrid a — Indica — Kekufchka - — marila — tnelancorypha •— Monacha — mofchata — nigricoUis - — Olor - — Penelope •— Querquedula — Sau Sarai - — Scharchir • — Sirfseir — Sparrmanni - 3 C Page 34* 3S7 34S 34^ 360 35$ 35J 300 34« 354 35« 35J 3$o 357 356 35« 34$ 35* 35« 344 350 348 344 34* 354 360 357 lb. ib. 356 Anas i!.. urn ''b ■' : 'i , Mi INDEX. Ama ftrepera — regia - - — Tadorna — torrida Ani - - - - Aptenodytes Chiloenfis — Molins Ardea Antigone - — Ca](donica - — Canidenfis - — cinerea — comata — cyanocephala — erythrocephaU — fufca — Galatea — minuta ~ N. HolIandiK — ohfcura — llellaris — Thula . — tocquata — variegata — Virgo - Arrian geyer.. Afilus Asfour Dsjebali - . Afimoch - - Avf' a Corarao - Autour - • •• ^ de la Guvine » de Mauduit - Bacha - - - - , Bachbakiri Balgonera Bana will will Barbet, Gerini's - Bajge, grande - ji lUrdoachtigale Bateleur - - - Baumfalke - Baya ^ Be«-ea(er, black and yellow Page 353 349 353 349 101 361 ib. 298 259 ib. - 303 302 303 304 ib. 301 304 , 30* ib. 304 29.7 3 23^8 226 9 243 37 38 ib. 179 22 161 185 132 309 234 21 47 '93 >S4 Bee-eater, black-eared - .— blue-cheeked — blue-green - — chatterng - — cowled — Ealiern — European - «• — gold-winged — hooded : — knob- fronted. — red-throated — red-winged - — fuperb • - variegated - — wsii'tled — white-fronted — yellow-tufted Beef-eater Bengali i front pointille -= nttyilacia Berbera - - - Berghaan • • •> Bir-' <»gel - - • Bittern — liule - - - Blac . - -. - Blagre . - -. Blanchard - - Boaddang - . Bolbol - - Boobook - - Boo-a morang Boubou ... Bouvreuil d'Hudfon — praiin - - - Branta albifrons - ^ torrida Brubru - - - Bucero9 Abyflinicua — galea tus — Indian — plicatus Bucco Gerini BuphagSk . . . Bunting, Badea •. — Cul - - - Page - »53. - 154 - IS» - 154 - '55 - 152 - 148 - >S3 - 152 - >5« - 157 - »49 . 152 - 155 . 15Q - 15& - 149 . 102 - 197 . ib. - »91 22 - 263 - 3°^ - 304 . 28 - 34 21 - 216 - 7«- - 64 II - 180 - 192 - I9S - 34.9 - lb. - 78 - 99 - 370 - 100 - 371 - 132 - IQ2 - 200 fiuntin^t §' INDEX. Bvttiting, coloured — crimfon- Lei lied — Dauurian — dwarf — foolilh — luteous — painted — ruddy •— rollic — varied — yel]o»>'-browed — - - - winged Barril JBufard efclavon •> '— roux - — grenouillard fiufe gancee - - — Jackal — tacharde Buferay Bafon fiuftard, Arabian — Chili Buzzard, American — hohby — honey - Buzzaret - C. Caffre - - - Cage Calao of Waigioa Calidris vij erino coloris Canard, ruy^l Canaribyter Caprimulgus Afiaticus — niacrodiptcrus — Nov« Irlollandiae Caffoivary bird — New Holland -»• Southern Cat bird - Cedar bird • Cei'cojpfis n Page Page 202 Certhia xnta . m • 162 200 — afra - • - 158 202 ^- armillata <• - 162 20 1 — Afiatica . - »59 200 — bifafciata - « - 158 203 — cinerea « - .- - 160 201 -~ crucntata . - 161 ib. — erythronotos - • 160 ib. — fulva - -- - >5^9 202 — ^ularis - . - ,63 203 — ignobilis - - 160 199 — incana - - 161 221 — Novae Hollandiae - .« ' m ib. 24 — peregrina - - - i6z 32 — polita - m " >S7 3S — prafmoptera - - »6S 24 — trochilea . - ib. 49 — undulata b _ 160 25 Channel-bill . • 96 3* Chantre . • . ^38 31 Charadrius Alexandrinus . 3»S 28+ '— calidris • ib. ib. — Curonicu* - . . 318 34 — Falklandicus - ib. 31 — nxvius • 319 35 — > Sibiricus • 318 32 Chafle-fiente . IS Chatterer, Carolina . 189 — crefted . 190 ■ — cupreous • lb. • — yellow - ib. «5 Chagoun - »3 345 Chevalier cominun m ■* 3«« 371 Chevechette - 66 3i» Cheuque • _ m 29a 349 Chicquera ■ ** a? 68 Chili 9 » 177 260 Chincou m m 8 264 Chinka m 325 ib. Choucas cominun m no 224 Choucou - m 6t ayo Choucouhou m 61 290 Chouce m 43 21S Chouette i aigrettes m 63 189 — A collier - 64 3»S ■-^- a mafque noir • . . - 6« 3Ca Chouette iiil If Iit!i % M- 111 ■ li i %■ iilii ijlft' 1 INDEX. Choactte blanche — chevechette - — choucou — de Cayenne • — Harfang — nudipede — Phalenoide - Ciconia Numidica Cockatoo, Bankfan — crefled — funereal Columba ^gyptiaca — brunnea — chalcoptera - Colynibus colubrinus Coot Coracias Bengalenfis — Cartagiuienfis — docilis — ftrepera Corbeau Cornel He Corvus albicollis — calvus — Canadenfis - — cr.rnivorus - — clericus — corax - — comix — corone — cyanus — dauuricus — Eremita — erythropteru9 — frugilegus - — > graculinus - ■— graculus — loripes >^ maritimus • — Monedula - — Pica - — Pyrrhocorax — i'lfus — - fcapulatus - '— Senegalenfis — Stelleri Page oo - 66 - 6i - 62 - 59 - - 65 - 66 - ^91 - 91 - - 92 - 91 - 167 - ib. - 266 - 367 - 328 - 120 - 126 - ib. - 121 - ic6 108, 109, no - 107 • 106 - 112 - 106 ib. - ib. - icg - 108 - ' - in - no - »»5 - \\% ' 109 - 121 - 106 - 108 - no - 113 - n4 - 112 - no - n4 - - 1X1 Corvus tot ^atas * Corvorart • — Chincfe Cotinga cuprea • Coubla Coucou criard — indicateur - Couit-couit Crane, brown •^- common ■— Indian — Savannah Crave Coracias - — des Alpes — hupp6 Creeper, African — agile - — black-eyed - — - - - fronted — - - - headed — blue-faced - ^- - - throated — caerulean — chirping — cinereous — cochineal — - crimfoR-bellied — cupreou* — DTrigang — fulvous — gartered — green-winged — noary - — ignoble — Leona . - — Mahratta • — mellivorous - — New Caledonian — New Holland — peregrine •>— polifhed « ^ red- backed - — red.rumped - — red-fpotted - — flender- billed — fogar J - Page - 107 • 363 - 364 - 190 - 136 - >35 - *79 ' *99 - 29» - lb, - 299 - IIS - ii4 - ns . 158 - 168 - 165 - 169 - 167 - 37* - 16, - i6q - 166 - 160 - 167 • i6a - 166 - »59 - t6z - i6j • 168 - 160 - 164 ib. - 166 - 161 ib. - 162 - 160 > 169 - 161 - 165 - '59 Creeper* INDEX. Page 1 60 Creeper, andulated . — wren - m m 163 — yellow-esred . 169 — winged . 168 Crotophaga . 103 Crow, Alpine . 114 — black-breaded _ 371 - fared - . 116 — - - - and white . ib. — blue - « Ill — - - and white . . 116 — Caledonian - . ib. — carrion • 108 — changeable - , 119 •— Hermit . 115 — hooded , 109 — red billed - • 112 legged - . »«5 — rufous bellied . 118 — fhort-tailed - . »'5 -. Stdler's . III — variable . 116 <— wattled • 119 — wbite-breafted . no — - - - cheeked . 118 — - - - vented _ 121 — wood - m 115 Crown bird m 189 Crying bird _ 306 Cuckow, Abyffiniaa - 139 — bee . ib. — blue-headed • »37 — common - «33 — cupreous • - ^S'^ — fan -tailed - . 138 — gilded . >3f — glofly - - »'.» — honey - • ^3+ •— noify - - 13S — pheafant - 137 — rain - 1 »3S — royal - > 10+ "" — tippet - . •38 — Touraco > 136 Cucttlut auratau - K m •3S mm canorut • ' r i33 Cuculus Indicator — perfa - — Vetula Curlew, common — crying Curruca fepiaria • Curucui, Leverian Cygnus cucullatus D. Darter - . • Darwang • . . Dee-weed-gang - Didric ... Didu» ineptus Dilbjng ... Djou . ' - Diomedea Chilenfii — Chiloenfit - Dirigang ... Dodo ... Dodar - - - Dornfgas - . - Dourra ... Due a courtci oreilles > — grand - - ■ — moyen . >■ . Duck, Arabian > — Alexandrine — Gadwai « . — Garganey . — Gattair rjfnelin'i — Golden-eye - — Hawkfbury - — Kekulchka - — lobated — Mallard — Mofcovy — New Holland — New Holland ftioveler — Pintail — Pochard Page - 136 - 306 - ib. - 241 • I3< - 18s - 367 - 15^ - »3| - 286 - 18; . 222 • 361 ib. . 166 . 286 . ib. 69 . 86 . 56 . 56 " 357 lb. - SSJ - 360 - 357 - 3S Ecorchenr - Effraie Einfiedlergeyer - Eoiberiza iiadenfis ■— cia - — ciris - — Cirlus — chryfophrys - •^ chryfoptera - •— coccinea — flavipes <» fucata - •^ luteola •— mixta - •— pufilla ^- rufttca •— rutila - — fpodocephala Engoulevent k collier »- a queue fourchue Epervier ^ ventre roux — pie ■— tachero Ephoufkyca - Erkoom > • £touroeau de la Daourie •» more . » > FalcOf Bohemlcas P. F»lco Albicilla «» apivorus ■» aquiliniis •-> bidentatui Page —' boreal is 34 — biunneus 18 — cirrhatus zo — defer ti 16 — difcolor 21 — furcatus »7 — glaucopis 33 — gyrfalco — Hyemalis 3* »5 — Javaniciis - 69 — incertus 60 — Lathami 8 — marginatus - 200 -> maritimus • ib. i«-> melanoleucus aoi — Milvus 199 — Nifus - 203 -~ palumbarius 199 .— pennatus 200 * .^ ponticerianus 204 — rubiginofu* - 202 — rufipes 303 •mm Sclavonicus . 202 •~- fubbuceo 201 — Tharus ib. mm. tigrinus ib. — Tinnuoculut 202 Falcon, axillary 260 — Bacha • 264 ~-i black and white 39 ««---- eyed • 40 — - - - thighed 5» — - - - winged 306 — Bohemian • 99 — booted »75 -«- chanting » '74 mm. Chicqueia m -~ Courland .— crafted Indian mm- dwarf ■ « •^ fair . 18 mr- glaucous ' 35 — Jackal - . 34- •»- Javan m • li ». Iceland 43 Page 43 34 44 25 SO S3 28 20 27 39 36 27 37 H 23 40 30 5» 37 24 3» 36 46 24 46,47 18 »9 43 4* 22 40 5» 49 28 43 24 40 27 »9 2$ 48 S9 20 49 $0 »7 FakoHi 'I INDEX; Falcon, Kite — lunated •- margined — > maritime — Mauduit's - — northern •— notched — Pacific — Paraiite — radiated — red-legged - ^- rufous-bellied — rufty - . - — - - - ar.d gray — Sclav •/ian - — (hort tailed - — Sonnini's - « — fwallow-tailed — Tachard — te(laceou« — Tharu — tiger - - . — winking Falke. braunrothe — bunte - - - •— getiegerte - — rothfuflige - — rothlichweiffe - Farha reheit Faucon a croupion blanc — a culotte noire — chanteur — huppe - - - Fauvet'e tachetee Ficedula cinerea - — peAore fufco Finch, bearded - — Chili - — crimfon-headed — foreft ... — *■ Georgian — nitid - — «> painted — pine - — red-crowned — red-pole Page Page 30 Finch, rofy « - * 207 54 — (harp-tailed - - - - 208 *4 — fultry - m - - 2IO 23 — fwamp - - - « 206 38 — temporal - m . 211 39 — white-headed - • - 210 28 Fifcal m > . 68 54 Flamingo, Chili • - - - 330 30 Flycatcher, black-breafted M -. 222 5^ — black-cheeked . - . 221 4? — black crowned - ■ - 220 39 — Cambaian - - - - 219 36 — cat - . - - ZlH 53 — coach-whip - . - . 222 24 — Cochin - « . 374 21 — crimfon-bcllied . - _ ■tf t w 221 5* — defert - . • - 217 28 — ferruginous - - r - 214 25 — grey - - * - 223 36 — hooded - - . ib. 18 — melodious - - m - 215 »9 — ' mullachoe - - - . 221 53 — orange-rumped - - » 225 44 — Paradife •■ - - 217 53 — particoloured m - . 218 19 i— red- bellied - m - . 216 4? — rofe-breafted . - - 223 »9 — - - winged - • - . 222 3*9 — rufous fronted _ . - 220 39 — foft- tailed - . - - 224 49 — fouthern - - - 219 40 — fupercilious - - . - 2 20 25 — white - * - . 219 240 — yellow-eared - - - 215 234 - tufied - - - ib. 240 Fowl, Moor - . - 58 208 Fringilla barbata . m- - 2o3 ib. — caffra - - - »94 207 — cannabina - - - - 209 ib. — caudacuta - - - m 203 209 .— Diuca - - - - ib. 211 — Georgiana - - - • 209 201 — iliaca - - • - 206 207 — Pinetorum - V . - 207 206 — rofea - - • - ib. 209 — ruticapilla • - - - 206 Fringilla, 'I iif lit' i il , i iii| 1 ' INDEX. Fringilla, fytvatica Fulica atra - Full doon - G. Gabar Galbula - . . Gallinula alba — Porphyrio - Gallinule, grey-headed — purple — white - - - Gannet . . . Garganey . - - Garroora - - - Geai de Steller - Ghaip - . . Girrenera - - - Gnat-fnapper - • Goadgang . • - Goat-fvclcer, banded - — Bombay — > fork-tailed - • — gracile — great'headed > ■— Leona - . ~ — New Holland — ftrigoid Godwit . - . — Barbary Goe-re-e-gang - Gonolek . . - Goo-gwar-necic - Goo-gwar-ruck -f Goola-warrin Goolingnang • .« Goora a-gang Goo-roo-wang Goofa ne'er - - - Goofe, bl ck aiul white — b^ue-winged »'— common — Cofcoroba - Page - 207 - 328 lb. • 126 - 3*7 - 326 • 375 - 320 - 3*7 - 305 - 360 - 3a - Ill II - 33 . 148 - 267 . 262 - 260 - 264 - 263 - ib. > 264 - 261 - 262 - 3.09 lb. - 97 - 72 - 151 166 326 87 53 54 336 344 346 lb. 345 »53 Goofe* grey lag • < — hybrid • . — Mufcovy ■ — femipalmated Goihawk . - . Grakle, Abyflinian — JEgyptian - — black-headed — blu«<-eared - -» crelled — green - — Paradife — pied - Gracula Atthit • — criftatella Grebe Grenouillard GrifFard - Grofbeak, afh-coloured — black-lined - — blue-winged i— Caffrarian - -— fafciated — ferruginous • — frontal — fafcinating - • — Grenadier - — Hudfonian - — MuSachoe - — nitid - - . — Philippine - — prafine — fociable ^ Sumatran — Sunda- — three-toed - — waxbill — white-throated Grous, gooto — hybrid Grus freti Hudfonis Grutto Guifso balito Gull, brown — Pacific — Pulo condor - Page 346 345 348 347 37 128 ib. 129 »3o 12g 129 127 130 is8 ib. 3*9 16 196 198 197 194 19c 196 197 lb. 191 19s »97 ' 198 *9i 195 I9» 19^ 196 213 198 208 276 a75 299 309 2'3 33i 33« ib. Gull« li Gull, Skua • Gvingunnah Gungunneer Gypaete des Alpes H. Harfang . . . . Harle huppe Hauben taucher - Hawk, red-tailfd Henharrier, long-legged Heron, black-breafted - — blue-headed - . . — brown - - . . — brun - - — Caledonian night - — common ^ — DemoifcUe . •~> la£teous ^ obfcure — Pacific — red-crefted - — Squacco — fpotted - * ~ Thula- — variegated - r — white-fronted Hirundo efculenta •- Javanica - « — pelafgia Hjbby, greater . . — orange -legged Hornbili, Abyffinian — African - - , — anomalous - — crimfoa — helmet « • i — Indian — pHttaceous • — vvreathied Hornvogel . - . . Huhulf chouette - Humming-bird, blue-headed — Chili . . , . Supp. II. INDEX. Page Jl» Humming-bird, Ekeberg'i 3jSi — gilt-c relied - . ib. — great - • 6 — Mango <. • — orange^aced m Huppard . •% S9 land J. 338 i37 Jabiru, American 3+ — guacu r 43 — New Holland 3oa — Senegal 303 Jacana, Chinefe . 304. ~ Chili - ib. Jiiy, red-billed - »99 Ibis - 303 , entjerbibi 297 , jlguero , ing-was « 304 300 >oS 302 K. ib. 30s Kai-aura t • 302 Karrangaua ^ . 304 Karrat . ib. Karrock •» r »57 Kellril . aj9 — rufous-biicked . ajs Kikvors-vanger - . 47 King's-fiiher, azure , 46 •^ brown * . 99 — Coromandel m 100 — little Indian . 96 Kolibri der grofste - 100 Kuerouden . 370 / 100 96 I" 371 100 Laemmergeyer ^ 6z Lanius barbarus _ 17* » collaris *• 170 •»— collurio - P«ge 170 171 »7S 171 »7« »7 2p4 fb. ib. 295 10. 112 9 179 2ot 9» 146 9» 117 '44 4S 35 37* 10. # 43 3D 144 »73 3» - 7« . 68 69 Laniut I I SI Ml I 4. INDEX. Lanlus curviroftrii — jocofus - — Leverianus • — picatus — rutilus - p^ Senegalas — Tyrannus Lark, cinereous - — Dixon's — dulky - *> ferruglKoas - ^ rock - — Tea — *y — Yeltonian - Larus catarradtes - — Polo Condor - Laubvolchcn Leeuwerk Vange - Lcu-tze Linaria Ciris Linnet, red-headed Lory, beautiful • Loufoo Loxia CaiFra I.— cinerea «- fafciata •^ ferrqginea • — Hudlbnica - — hypo:cantha • ^ Javeni«8 — Orix - » Fhilippina - — Frafinft — focia * M. Maccaw, hyacinthiac Maeufe habicht - Magnakli - Magpie — blue - — new Caledonian Ma&akin, cssrulean Page 70 71 — . 70 lb. . ib. - 72 - 73 - 228 ib. - 227 - 229 - 227 227, 31C - 226 - 228 - 332 . ib. - 237 - 42 - 364 • 201 - 309 - 83 - 364 - »94 - 196 - »95 . 196 • 192 . 196 - 191 - »93 - 19s - 1-92 80 120 ri3 III 116 «54 Manakin, crimfon-throated gold-breaded long-tailed - — Miacatototl - — Picicitli — (peckled •— iuperb - - — fupercilious - Mangeur de Terpens Manque . . - Martin acridophage Mawing ... Melino-orghi Menura - - . Merganfer, blue - — brown - - - — cinereous — forked - » - — goofander — imperial — minor - - - -^ red-breaded - — Smew - . - Mergus caeruleus - — furciier — fufcus — minutus Merion binnion - Merops apiailer - — carunculatus — corniculatus - ^ erythropterus — fafciculatus • MelTager Milan ... — blac - - - — parafite- • Minule ... Miffilauce . - - Montagnard Moroc - - - Motacilla alba • — Car.*atr7t — Carolineniis " — Fitis - - - — Hudfonica - C%ge - *54 - 374 - *54 - 2;s - ib. - 253 - 252 - 253 9 3 - 1^7 ' +1 - 148 - 271* - 340 - 339 - 338 - 339 - 336 - 337 - 338. - 337 - 338 - 340 - 3.39 - lb. - 338 - 224 - 148 - 150 - »5» : "il,' 9 - 30 - 28 - 30 - 48 - 43 - 45 - »39 - 230 - 238 - 244 - 236 - 231 Motacilla. ill: I'll Motacilla longiroflra •~ melanopa — pedore ferrugineo — Silnlairix Mulgo Mufcicapa Aedon — alba — bicolor — Cambiiicnfis - • — Caroliiienfis - — deferii - — dichroa — erythrcgartra "— Javanica — meloxanthi - — Novas Hollandia ■ — Paradifl — fuperciiiofa - Mufopbaga - Mufquico hawk . Mydefia Americana • N. Khanduapoa - • Nhandu guacu Nightingale Niffer Tokoor - — werk - - - Nometjes ... Numenius Arquata Numida ^gyptiaca — Meleagru - Nun, white - Nuthatch, Carolina — Chinefe — Grey black>capped — leaft ... — orange-winged INDEX. Page > 259 Oriole, Bonana • - 231 — Carthagena - - 2^4 — chcfnut and black - 237 — g-iidcn - • 349 — : "''ve - - 215 Oriolus Galbula - - Z19 Ollrich, Americai - 218 — black - - 219 Otis Arabs - - 218 — Chilenfis - 217 Ourigourap - - 218 Ouzel, Pen'' h - 216 Owl, bare-legged - - 218 — bnrn - - 220 — Boobook - 215 — booted - 217 — China - - 220 — dwarf - - 104 — eared, great - - 262 -^ - — long - - 294 — ftiort . — ermine - — Falconine — fafciated — Georgian — Javan - — Marfli - — Snowy - — SpeAacIe — fupercilious - — Tengmalm't — variegated * — undulated — white - » wbite*front«d O. Oifeaa brame Oricoa 294 292 233 ■I 2t 306 272 ib. 338 H? 7« lb. Z46 3« II P. Parakeet, Jonoull — red-fliouidered — fmall - — Turcoline - Parafite Parra - - - Parrot, Alexandrine Page 125 126 126 125 126 292 288 284 ib. 4 177 64 66 368 66 5| lb. 60 61 62 61 58 59 64 63 66 62 368 60 5* - 83 - 90 . 88 - 89 30 : 'U Parrot, if J\ ■ >r i$' i '[ #. -W*" INDEX. Page • Page - 3«* Parrot, black- nee Iced m . 90 Pelecanus onocrotalus - . — Carolina - _ . 84 Pelican, white - - .• - ib. — Chili - . _ 93 Pendeur - . « 77 -^ crimron-fronted . - 87 Penguin, Cbiloe - - - - 361 » Gerini's - . 93 — 3 toed - - - ib. — Ground . • 86 Pfrcnoptere - - 4 — Jaguilma - . • 85 Perdix AHatica - . - - 278 — Levaillant'i . . 9S — Cambaienfis . . > 282 — orange-headed - . H — Cafpia • • . 283 — . . • - winged - - 90 — Cinerea - - - *79 — Nonpareil - - . 85 — Coturnix - - - 280 — Pacific • ..- 87 Petti chaps . - 234, 236 — pale • — Pennantian > m m 84 Petrel, black - - - 333 -. m 83 — cinereous - . - 335 «— pileated - » 94 — fuliginous - • . - 333 — purple-tailed - - 95 — Norfolk Ifland - - - 334 lb. — rcd-tonped • - -•• ■ 369 . _ white- breaded . - c >. . . crowned . . ib. Phalacrocorax - . - 363 — Sparrow — Tabuan . ._ 93 Phafianus criftatus * - - '278 - - 81 — fuperbus - - - *73 — Thecau - • 94 — varius - - - - ib. — Van Piemen's « • 86 Pheafant, fire-backed . . - 274 — varied - - 93 — fuperb - - - 273 *— vernal - - 95 Phcenicopterus Chi'en (Is - - 330 Partridge, Aflatic - - 178 Phytotoma - - *• - 212 ^- Cambaian - - m aSz — d'Abyffinie - - - - ai3 — Cape - • • *7? — . du Chili - • - . 212 •— Cafpian > •■ aSz Pic bcBuf - - - - 102 — Ceylon - m 278 Picus altivolans - - - - 141 •— common - • 279 — capeafu - - - ib. — crowned - - 278 — ifterocephalus - - - ib. — green - — Kakerlic - .. • ib. -» lignarius - - - 140 . • 382 — minor - - - - ib. — New Holland . . ib. — pitins - - . - 141 — violaceous - . - 278 Pie a culotte de Peaa - - - 118 paras Alpinus - - - 256 — - pendeloques - - - 119 — aureas - - 242 — bleue - - - 111, 112 — criftatus . * 2^6 — commune - » - - 113 — indicus . . — griefche roufle - - 60, 70 ^ Knjaefcik . - - lb. Pies, Order of - - • - 68 — pere^rinus > - - *5i Pigeon, Bantamefe - - - 271 PaiTer Brafilienfia » - 201 — black-winged -^ . ib. /Pauw wilde - m 284 — bronze-winged •t . - 266 Peacock, wild . - ib. — brown - . - 267 ^Pelecanus BailanHa - . 364 —- chefnut-ihouldered . - 375 «- Carbo « * 363 — £gyptian - • • ;. ^^7 2 Pigeon, INDEX. pigeon, grey-nrcl-.cd - — If flir crowned — Norfolk — pale _ - « •— pied - . - — S.)uthern — Surat - . - — Waalia — white-winged Pindaramcoii Piucjuen . - . Pipra Miacaiototl — Picicitii — Su;uib^ - Plantain. e Iter Plait-cutter, Abyflinian — Chili - PlotUb Anhipga - Plover, Alexandrine — bridled — brown - - - •>• Courland -X Curonian — great-billed - — green-beaded — grifled — high-legged - — Kenti(h •— rufty-crowned — Sibirian Pluvian - - - Podiceps cafpicus Porphyrio alter - Poobook - - - Pouiilot - - Procellaria alba - — cinerea — equina Pfittacus Alexandri — Audralis .— Bankfii •— capite albo - >i- Carolinentis - *-> choraeus — cyanolyfeos - •— elegaos - - P?ge 375 271 374 270 263 270 ib. 269 268 326 284 252 lb. >b. 104 213 2IZ 367 3'5 320 ib. 3'9 318 319 320 ib. 3«f a 10 lb. 32* 3*9 325 263 238 334 335 333 86 87 9» 93 84 93 94 83 Pfittacus frtngiliaceus — lormofus — galeritus — Gerini — gloriofus — Hyacinthinus -^ Jaguilma — pacificus — pailidus — Pennantii — pileatus — purpuratus • — pufillus >— iplendidus — Tabuenfis - ^ variua - — vernalis cu Quail>'Calirornian — common — New Holland Qaethu Quifcale Atthis - — criftatelle ^ du Chili - R. Rabe alpen • Rachamah - Rail, doubtful - — dwarf - — Troglodyte - Rallus auftralis - — dubius — pufillus Kara - - - Bjif 32a - 32s - 3*3 - 212 - 106 - 107 - lai . 192 - v 20 - RoUer, 'f INDEX. Ppge Roller, crimfan - * - - 122 — decile - • - I20 — h; iiy - . . - 123 — noify - - - 121 — pacific ■ m 37' — piping - - - 122 — red-brcalled [- . - 123 — ftriated - _ - 122 Rollier tachete - _ m 120 Roloul - - - 278 Rotter-vanger - - - 5° Rougris - - - lb. 2lounoir - - - 49 RouflTeau - - - 77 Rufticola • - - -M 309 • 8. Sacre d'Egypte - Sanderling - Sandpiper - — Drown-eared .— equeftrian — fafciated — green - — Quebec — Sea - — Selninger — wattled — wood - Scliwalbe cbinefifche Scolopax ^gocephala < — atra - — Belgica — Curonica — Gallina — major - •— media - — paludofa Scythrops - Sea Larlc - Secretaire - Sguacco Shrike, African - — fiarbary 3»5 3>3 3H 3>« 3'* 3»» 313 3«a 312 3'3 3»> 257 309 308 309 310 308 ib. ib; ib. 96 3*5 9 302 !(> 7* Shrike, Cape - — clouiic-J — collared — cruel - — dubious — erei^^ - — frontal — hook-bilieJ - — Hottniqua - — jocofe - — Lcvcrinn — Magpie — Muliachoe - — red-backed - — robuil - — rutly - •— Senegal — fupercilious - — Tyrant — yellow-bellied Siruil Boulboul - Sitta caruiineufu - — Puiilla- Smew Snake Bird • — eater - Snipe, Ccurland - — great - ^ N. Holland - Sonneur Sparrow-hawk Sparrow, fpotced grafs •— fwanip Spipola palullris - Starling, Dauurtan — mag'Uanic - — Perfian Stourne Spreo Strix arfiica — brachyotus - . Bubo - — flammea — nydlea — oiu» — palullris - . — perfpicillata - r^'ge - 78 - 7? - 66 - 77 - 73 - 7+ - 7; - 70 - 79 - 7» - 70 - ib. - 76 69 - 74 - 75 - 7*. - 77 ' 7i - 75 - 217 lb. - 338 - 367 9 - 310 - 308 - 310 - "S - 5« - 309 - 200 - 227 - ^7S - 174 lb. - »79 56, 59 lb. - 60 " ^i ■ 5f - 64 Suix Strir- Tengmalmi — Uluia . $trotvt Vogel Struthio cfamelus — Nova Hollandiae Sturnui Dauuricns — Loyca — militaris — moritanicus - Sugar-eater Sumpfeule - Swallow, aculeated — efculent — Javan — needle-tailed — New Holland — fmall grey - Swan - — black-^- — - - - necked Sylvia Afiatica - — Cambaienfis — cucullata — cyane - — Dartfordienfis — gularis — Gnzurata — Hippolais — hortends — Kamtfchatchenfis - — littorea — Locudella - — longiroftris ~ — Ludoviciana — Lufdnia — mediterranea — melanocephala •— mofchita •— ochrura — Platenfts *- Protonotarius — Ariata _ - . — fy Ivicola - ■• — fylviella •» funamifica • — Trochilus — Tfchecantfchia 1 N D E X. Page . 66 - 56 12, 15 - 288 - 290 - ^75 .74 lb. • ib. - >:;9 - 5» - 758 - 257 - 2?9 - ib, ib. ' 257 34i» 34* - 343 - 344 - 246 - ib. - ^43 - ib. • 241 - 244 • 246 - ^36 - 234 : Mf. - 240 - 24s - X44 - 233 - 244 - 236 - 237 - 245 . - 243 - 242 - 243 - 237 - 239 - 246 . 238 - 24s 11 T. Taaou-yu-tchln - Tachiro Tanas Taoager, rude - ■— fliowy - — filent - — yellow-fronted Tanagra ornata - — rudis - — fileni - Tanagre de h Guiaoe Tantalus pidlus • Tchagra Tchil Tchoug Teal - - - Temia Tern, brown Tetrao Ceyloneofis — hybridus — viridir- Thili Thronie, Heath - Thrufli, alh-headed — Afiatic — black-browed — - - - eyed — blue-cheeked — - - headed - — brown-crowned — Geyloit — Ghili - - — dilute - — doubtful — Ethiopian - — fafcinating - — fty-catching - — frivolous — guttural — harmonic — locuft-eating >— lunulated ,— maxillary -i- minute Page - 144 : U - 305 ib. • 204* - 204 - 205 - ib. - 204 - ib. - 3°7 - 7* - 3* 40 - 369. - 119. - 33» - 278 - 275 - 278 - 177 - ib. - 373 • 188 . 18$. • 181 - 184 - 185 - 184 - 179 - 178 - 182 - ib. > 180 - 197 - 185 . 186 - 182 - ib. - 180 - 184 - 186 - 181 ThruOi, II 1| H mm INDEX. Thruih, Penrith - — New Zealand — Port Jackfon •— praiine o' punAated - — red-legged - — reftlefs — (hort-winged •— Song - — focty - — fordid - — Thenca — volatile — white-browed — - - - eared - «— yellow-bellied — white-rurjped Tiflerin Titmoufe, Alp ins — crelled -— crimfon-rurpped — Indian — Knjaefcik Todus flavigafter Tody, red-bieafled — yt How-bellied Touraco Touyouyott Trinj>a atra - '• — tqueltris — fafctata > ia» iola kcptulcha • — marit ma — O' hropus Trochilus capenfis — cynnocephalus •^ g leritus — Mango — maximui — variuL - Trogon Tropic Bird Turd lis iEthiopicus ■<— aullrali;, — bicolor zil: Page 177 178 '83 ib. 187 177 181 187 1/6 ■ 'H ■ 186 . ,78 . 183 lb. . 187 ■ 179 • >93 . 20 lb. - 256 . lb. ' »47 . ib. - 147 • 136 - 29+ - 312 • 3>^ - 3»» - Jii - 3«2 - jb. - 311 • »7^ . 172 . 170 • >7» ■ 173 . 158 • >3« ■ 360 ■ 180 . 178 179 Turdus curxus — minutus -— mufitus — plumbeus — Thenca — trioftegus <— Zeylonus P«8* - 178 - 181 - 176 - 177 - 178 - »'S - «79 Valknagt - « • 62 — rooye - » « - 4S — Steen - - - ib. — witte - . » 42 VautoiT de Malthe « * 6 — .1101 ne * • 8 — norwege - m i — petit - • m 6 — Rci de, varie • - 8 Vis vangtr Vocifci- * " lb. Vultur Anrolenfu • w 4 — birrbarus • . 6 — barbatus . ^ ib. — <:increus - - 3 — Gryphus - • I '—' leporarius - - • 9 — icucocepnalui - - ■4 — nja{.ellanicui • - 1 — Monachus - - - 8 — Papa - - 7 — Perenoptcrus m - 4 — facra - - 7 — ferpentarius - - - 9 Vulture, alpine - . . 4 — Angola . . ibT — >' Arabian . . 8 — bearded - - 6,7 — Bengal - - 1? — bald . . . 16 — Californizn . - 3 — Chagouii - - «3 — ciner'ous - - 3 — Condur « - I — King - « . 7 Valturf, INDEX, Vulture, Kolben'i — Secretary — Sociable — white ^tailed - W. Waddcrgal Wagt'.il, bhck-crownc ! — Dauurian ~ riudfonian - — New Holland — w.ite - - - V arbler, Afiatic - — black backed — - • - cheeked - poll - — Cambaian •— Cafpian — challe — cowled — crimfon-breafted - — Dartford — dwarf - - • . — ferruginous - — flame coloured — gol J bellied — grafshopper - — Guzurat • — Indigo •— long-billed - — Louifiarc •-• Mediterranean — Perfian - - - — Plata - — Pfochonotary •. Page 12 9 II 8 3'5 231 ib. ib. 2j2 230 247 24s 248 243 246 245 249 243 256 241 251 244 251 249 340 246 243 245 2 14 ib. 346 243 242 Warbler, ruddy • — rufbus-crowned — - - - vented — rufly. Tided - — Sirdinian — Jhore - • — ftreaked — Swallow , — Terrene - — variable — whits-collared — - - - tailed - — wood wren - — yellow-vcnted Ward a - -^ Wayway Weidenzeifig White-throat, leffer Wigcon Woodcock, Savannah Woodpecker, Ban!:< — Cape - . — Chili — Gorget — Guinea — Mahratta - — leffer fpotted — yellow-headed Wren, great — green .- — larger - — wi.low chirping — wood - — yellow . Wrongi Wyc-wa - Page 249 237 24S 250 2}6 *4S 247 250 249 250 245 249 ^37 247 127 346 238 «39 354 3c3 lb. 140 37* 141 142 140 141 244 338 237 236 237 239 359 . Supp. II. SE Lake Hanfard, Printer, Omt Turafiile, LiacolaVInn FitUt, DIRECTIONS FOR THE .PLATES. Frontispiece ..... Hawksburv duck. Plate. ' CXX. CoNDuR Vulture - - - -"to face Page i CXXI. Radiated Falcon • --«__°-, CXXII. Frontal Shrike [ ^^ CXX'III. Jonquil Parakeet g^ CXXIV. New Holland Channel-bill ... gS CXXV. Violet Plantain-eater 104 CXXVI. Pan-tailed Cuckow ---... j -3 CXXVII. Orange-winoid Nuthatch - - - . , .5 CXXV II. Variegated Bke-eat£r ,,^ CXXIX. Slender-billed Creeper - - - - . ,5^ CXXX. Sa:;guineous Creeper. - . - - . ,/:, CXXXI. NiTiD Grosbeak . j g C\XXII. White-headed Finch ^lo CXXXIII. Abyssinian Plant-cutter - - _ _ 211 CXXXI V. Crimson-bellied Flycatcher - - . 221 CXXXV. Esculent Swallow, AND Nest - - . 20 CXXX VI. Banded Goatsucker ---.__ n( ^ CXXXVI.* Superb Menura ----... «-♦ CXXXVII. American Rhea 202 CXXXVIII. New Holland Jabiru ■,^.^ CXXXVIII.* New Holland Cereopsis - - - _ ojc CXXXIX. Semipalmated Goose ---... CXL. ReD"CRowneo Parrot o, q