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 Mllll lia« tt%^ III 
 

 / 
 
 UEOTENANT PEART ON THE EVE OF HIS LAST DEPARTURE FOR THE ARCTIC. 
 From II photograph taken expressly for McC'LUiiE'ti Mauazinb by Ilollingcr & Co. hi June, 1806. 
 
 / 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE.— OUTLINES OP MY 
 
 ARCTIC CAMPAIGN. 
 
 By Liedtenant Robert E. Peary, U.S.N. 
 
 Editor's Note. — Lieutenant Peary is now well up in the Arctic regions, prosecuting a new journey of 
 exploration that he has good reason to hope will result in his reaching the North Pole. Ris vessel, the " Wind- 
 ward," sailed from New York, July 2, 1898. He himself set out a few days later, going by rail to Sydney, Cape 
 Breton, where he was awaited by his old ship, the " Hope," which also went out with the expedition. The last 
 word from him was received on August 27th, when the " Hope " returned to St. John's, Newfoundland, having 
 parted from Lieutenant Peary at Littleton Island, in Smith Sound, on August 13, 1898. The following article, 
 outlining his purposes and plans, was written in the main just before he started ; but some passages in it were 
 written after he was actually on his way. 
 
 THE main object of the plans which the 
 writer will endeavor to outline clearly in 
 this article is, frankly and avowedly, the Pole. 
 It is natural that a man should consider his 
 own plan the best, else, presumably, he would 
 
 not adopt it. For myself, I can say that I 
 have no feeling of rivalry or jealousy towards 
 other explorers or other plans than my own, 
 and gladly welcome and encourage every 
 earnest, hcma fide, original attempt to solve 
 
418 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE. 
 
 I I 
 
 A R C\T I\C 
 O C E A N^ 
 
 NORTH 
 
 po\e 
 
 
 NORTH v^ ^- 
 
 AMERIO^>!t'-7- 
 
 
 ..:"H-\5. 
 
 iL. 
 
 L 
 
 HAP SHOWING THE ROUTE THAT UEUTENANT PEARY IS FOLLOWING. 
 
 aa, I^ttitu(U> itjaclicil l)y Niiiigvn— the farthittt north yet iittaincd. hh, LutitoJo 
 reached liy Lockwood mid Brniiianl. c r, Arctic Circle. A, Whale Sound, where 
 Lieutenant Peary's Eskimo attendants were to lie taken on board. B, SUcrard Osliorn 
 Fjoid, Peary's main base of supplies, and the probable northern terminus of the 
 " Windwanl's " voyage. C, Depot ot northern terminus of land. 
 
 the great problem, feeling that the more 
 the merrier and the more chances there are 
 that the goal will be reached. 
 
 I am after the Pole because it is the Pole ; 
 because it has a value as a test of intelli- 
 gence, persistence, endurance, determined 
 will, and, perhaps, cou 'age, qualities char- 
 acteristic of the highest type of manhood ; 
 because I am confident that it can be reached ; 
 and because I regard it as a great prize which 
 it is peculiarly fit and appropriate that an 
 American should win. This objective of my 
 work will not prevent the attempt to accom- 
 plish valuable results in other directions, and 
 a direct corollary of the attainment of the 
 Pole will be an extensive filling in of the large 
 existing blank upon our charts in the vicinity 
 of the Pole, and perhaps the completion of 
 the prelimihary geographical work in the 
 highest latitude in this hemisphere. 
 
 Before commencing my outline of proposed 
 work, just a few words in regard to the North 
 Pole, a subject upon which fools as well as 
 sages have theorized for centuries, an ob- 
 ject for which brave men have struggled for 
 centuries. What is it? It is simply the 
 
 mathematical point where 
 the earth's axis intersects 
 the earth's surface, a place 
 where there are ninety de- 
 grees of latitude and three 
 hundred and sixty degrees 
 of longitude, or no longi- 
 tude at all, just as one pre- 
 fers to look at it. 
 
 Let us assume that the 
 Pole has been reached and 
 that a man is standing upon 
 it ; what would be some of 
 the conditions resulting 
 from his position? In the 
 first place, our man stand- 
 ing upon the Pole could go 
 in but one direction, south. 
 East, west, north have been 
 obliterated for him*, and the 
 first step he takes, no mat- 
 ter what its direction, will 
 be south. If, there on the 
 Pole, he stands motionless 
 for twenty-four hours, the 
 diurnal revolution of the 
 earth will simply turn him 
 completely around on his 
 tracks as on a pivot. If 
 he stands there for a year, 
 he will have in that year one 
 night and one day. The sun 
 will rise for him on the 21st 
 of March ; the next day it will circle through 
 the heavens, apparently rolling on the horizon 
 all the ^ay round ; the next day it will be a lit- 
 tle higher ; the next a little higher still, and 
 so on, until the 21st of June, when it will be 
 twenty-three and one-half degrees above the 
 horizon, a little more than one-fourth the dis- 
 tance from the horizon to the zenith. A few 
 days later it will be a little lower, the next 
 still a little lower, and so on, slowly describing 
 a flattened spiral through the heavens, until 
 it sets on the 21st of September, not to rise 
 again until the 21st of the following March. 
 If now at any time during this six months' 
 long summer day our man standing upon the 
 Pole takes one step directly towards the sun, 
 no matter in what direction it may be, it will 
 then be noon for him. If he then steps back 
 to his position on the Pole and from it takes 
 a step directly away from the sun, it will 
 then be midnight for him. Not darkness, 
 however ; midnight in the Arctic regions 
 does not necessarily mean darkness. But to 
 our man standing there upon the Pole two 
 steps only will separate astronomical noon 
 from astronomical midnight. 
 
LIEUTENANT ROBERT E. PEARY. 
 
 419 
 
 During the six months' long winter night 
 our man sttinding there will see every star, 
 of those he can see at all, always the same 
 height above the horizon. Polaris, the North 
 Star, will be practically in the zenith, and a 
 star which can be seen barely peeping above 
 the horizon will circle forever just grazing 
 the horizon. In other words, to the observer 
 on the Pole the heavenly bodies move in hori- 
 zontal circles, instead of oblique circles, as 
 they do here, or vertical circles, as they do 
 to an observer on the Equator. 
 
 One other interesting point: our man 
 standing upon the Pole would not be able to 
 say, speaking with precision, that he was 
 having either a good time or a bad time, nor 
 would he have the pleasure of complaining 
 of hard times. Why? Simply because he 
 would have no time. What is time? And 
 what do we figure it from but noon, and what 
 is noon but the moment the sun crosses our 
 local meridian? Now our man standing upon 
 the Pole has no meridian, or rather he has 
 three hundred and sixty of them, so mixed 
 up under his heel that he could not pick 
 one out if he tried. He has no noon, no 
 starting point for time, no time. So much 
 for the conditions which are the result of 
 the mathematical definition of the Pole. 
 
 Now, in regard to its physical character- 
 istics. There is no reason whatever for as- 
 suming any abnormal conditions at the Pole. 
 
 No reason whatever for supposing there a 
 perennial summer sea or a paleocrystic (that 
 is, an eternally frozen) sea, or a Symmes 
 Hole giving access to the center of the 
 earth, or a specially rounded mountain, a la 
 Jules Verne, for the earth to whirl upon. 
 None of these. There will be simply prosaic 
 land or water at the Pole. No man living 
 can say which until some man get<s there. 
 But if it is land, it will be land with charac- 
 teristics practically the same as those of 
 other Arctic lands, such as we know a few 
 hundred miles south ; and if it is water, it 
 will be an Arctic sea, with the characteris- 
 tics practically the same as those of other 
 Arctic seas, with which we are familiar a few 
 hundred miles distant. 
 
 Will the Pole ever be reached? Most as- 
 suredly ; and possibly within a comparatively 
 short time. The distance which to-day sep- 
 arates the highest north from the Pole itself 
 is but two hundred and sixty miles, about 
 the same as the distance between Albany and 
 Buffalo ; and I do not believe there is one of 
 my readers who is willing to admit that a dis- 
 tance of only two hundred and sixty miles is 
 to remain forever impassable to human efforts 
 and energy. I am not. 
 
 Returning from the Arctic regions in 1895 
 with the belief that the capabilities of the 
 Greenland inland ice as a means of getting 
 north were practically exhausted, I formu- 
 
 
 THE " HOPE," THE VESSEL IN WHICH LIEUTENANT PEARY MADE HIS PREPARATORY VOYAGE TO GREENLAND IN 1897, 
 
 AND WHICH ATTENDED HIM OUT ON HIS PRESENT EXPEDITION, RETURNING AT THE END OP AUGUST, 1898. 
 From a photograph taken at Meteorite Island, Anguet 17, 1807; reproduced by the ipecial permiision of the P. A. Stokes Company. 
 
 lijfHBU 
 
420 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE. 
 
 lated, on my way home, a plan for further 
 work, in case the problems of the North 
 had not been solved by the time I arrived. 
 Immediately after my return it would have 
 been premature to have presented any pro- 
 ject for further Arctic exploration with two 
 well-equipped 
 expeditions still 
 in the field, those 
 of Jackson and 
 Nansen. With 
 the return of 
 Jackson and 
 Nansen, bring- 
 ing the news 
 that Franz Josef 
 Land was not 
 the southern 
 terminus of an 
 Arctic conti- 
 nent, as had 
 been supposed by 
 some geograph- 
 ers, but an archi- 
 pelago of com- 
 paratively lim- 
 ited extent; 
 and that the 
 "Fram,"inher 
 three years' drift 
 through the Si- 
 berian nt 
 of the ar 
 basin, hud £>een 
 no land, I felt 
 that the time 
 was ripe for the 
 presentation of 
 my plan. I be- 
 lieved that the 
 practical demon- 
 stration of the 
 non-existence of 
 land of any con- 
 siderable extent in the Siberian segment of the 
 polar basin eliminated that region from fur- 
 ther consideration as a possible means of 
 reaching the Pole. The land lying north of 
 main Greenland remained still the most north- 
 erly known land on the face of the globe, and 
 it could now be said that the route along the 
 northwest coast of this land, with terra firma 
 
 ALFRED C, HARHSWORTH, EDITOR OF THE LONDON DAILY MAIL," 
 
 AND OWNER OF UEUTENANT PEARY'S SHIP, THE " WINDWARD." 
 
 The "Windward" is the ship that was used by the Jackson expedition, 
 whicli Mr. Ilarnieworth fitted uiit in 1804 and which siicnt three ycara in 
 explorations in Franz Josef Land. It was with this expedition that Nansen 
 and Johanscn found rescue from the almost fatal hardships of their journey 
 afoot to and from the "farthest north." On Icaminf; of Lieutenant 
 Peary's project, Mr. Harmsworth generously offered him the " Windward " 
 for his expedition. 
 
 " My own expeditions have satisfied me 
 that from a sufiicient depot of provisions and 
 equipment, located in the latitude of Inde- 
 pendence Ray, the Pole is attainable. The 
 results of the various recent expeditions have 
 shown that there is left but one practicable 
 
 route by which 
 to attain the 
 North Pole, and 
 that route the 
 one that has been 
 known as the 
 American, viz., 
 the route 
 through Smith 
 Sound, Kane 
 Basin, Robeson 
 Channel, and 
 along the north- 
 west coast of 
 Greenland. My 
 plan, in the few- 
 es*^ :ords, is to 
 raise a fund suf- 
 ficient to insure 
 the continuation 
 of the work of 
 exploration for 
 ten years, 
 necessary, 
 $150,000, 
 deposit it in a 
 trust company ; 
 purchase a ship ; 
 give her a mini- 
 mum crew; load 
 with concentrat- 
 ed provisions ; 
 proceed to Whale 
 Sound; take on 
 board several 
 picked families 
 of my faithful 
 Eskimos, with 
 
 if 
 say 
 and 
 
 their tents, canoes, dogs, etc. ; force a way 
 through Robeson Channel to Sherard Osbom 
 Fjord or farther, and land people and stores ; 
 then send the ship back. As soon as the freez- 
 ing of the ice in the great fjords of the north- 
 west coast permits sledge travel, the work of 
 advancing supplies northeastward along the 
 coast would be commenced, taking compara- 
 for a base, was not merely the most practi- tively short stages and light loads, so that the 
 
 cable route, but the only practicable route, by 
 which to reach the Pole. Acting on this 
 belief, I outlined to the American Geographi- 
 cal Society in January, 1897, on the occasion 
 of the presentation to me of the first CuUum 
 gold medal, my plan, as follows : 
 
 trips could be quickly made. As soon as che 
 supplies had been advanced the first stage, 
 the party itself would move forward, leaving 
 a cache behind, and as they would be follow- 
 ing Eskimo customs and living in snow houses, 
 tluB could easily be done. 
 
LIEUTENANT ROBERT E. PEARY. 
 
 421 
 
 " Then the second stage of advance would tions are not favorable the second year, come 
 
 be taken up, and the work carried on until back for the winter, and start again and 
 
 the departure of the sun. Each of the bril- again. I believe that at any point in the 
 
 liant winter moons of the polar night would Arctic regions, at one time or another, *it 
 
 afford opportunities for continuing it, so one season or another, the door is open ^r 
 
 that early spring should find the party and can be opened, and the man who is in 
 
 the bulk of its supplies located at the north- readiness and waiting for the favorable 
 
 em terminus of the North Greenland archi- opportunity can get where he wants to. 
 
 pelago, probably not far from the eighty-fifth When an expedition goes north for one or 
 
 parallel, with caches behind it at each prom- two years only, it may not find the favorable 
 
 inent headland. From this point, when the opportunity ; but if it can stay the four or 
 
 proper time came, with picked dogs, the five years which I am prepared to stay, if 
 
 lightest possible equipment, and two of 
 the best of the Eskimos, the last stage 
 of the journey to the Pole would be at- 
 tempted, with strong probabiliMes of a suc- 
 cessful termination. Should the first season 
 
 recessary, some time in that period the 
 favorable occasion is sure to come, and 
 the door will be open or can be pushed 
 open." 
 Such, in brief, is my project for the pro- 
 
 be unfavorable as regards ice conditions, it posed \trork, and I must say, though perhaps 
 could be devoted to a detailed survey of the I am egotistical, that it does seem to me as 
 archipelago itself, and a reconnoissance of if the conditions were favorable. Experience 
 
 the east coast as far south as possible, and 
 the northern journey reserved for the fol 
 lowing season, or the next. Each succeed 
 ing summer the ship would attempt to cstab 
 lish communication with 
 the party's base, succeed- 
 ing probably every other 
 year at first, then, with in- 
 creasing experience, every 
 year, and keep up its sup- 
 ply of food, dogs, and Es- 
 kimos, until the objects of 
 the expedition were ac- 
 complished. Should the 
 ship be unsuccessful in the 
 passage of Robeson Chan- 
 nel the first year, the 
 party would land at Hayes 
 Sound, and devote the first 
 year to explorations of 
 that unknown region. Re- 
 treat from the colony at 
 Sherard Osborn Fjord 
 would always be practi- 
 cable across the inland ice 
 to Whale Sound. 
 
 " The programme is to 
 secure every mile of ad- 
 vance just as far as there 
 is land, and then attempt 
 to accomplish the remain- 
 ing distance in one effort. 
 In case the conditions are 
 unfavorable or impracti- 
 cable the first season, I 
 shall return to my Eskimo 
 village, winter there, and 
 start again the next 
 spring; and if the condi- 
 
 counts for a great deal in Arctic work. 
 Success in Arctic navigation is the result of 
 that definite, detailed knowledge of coasts, 
 winds, tides, and ice, the same kind of 
 
 THE " WINDWARD," UBUTBNANT PEARY'S SHIP ON THE PRESENT EXPEDITION. 
 From a photograph taken by the Jackson expedition to Franz Joaef Land. 
 
422 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE. 
 
 knowledge for each step of the voyage that 
 a harbor pilot has. One must know what 
 the effect of a given wind is upon the ice at 
 any point along the coast, and the effect of the 
 ebb and flood tide, as, knowing these things, 
 you can put your ship through with safety, 
 or keep her out until a favorable time comes. 
 I feel that I have, in the last five or six 
 years, obtained some knowledge of thcie 
 details of Arctic work. And, in addition 
 to this, is the advantage of my utilization of 
 the Eskimo. 
 
 Everyone will agree with me, that there 
 are no human beings on the face of the 
 
 Arctic exploration may be regarded as 
 safe. This is shown by the experience of 
 the last ten years. Nothing is to be gained 
 by numbers ; in fact, numbers are a distinct 
 danger, and the frightful catastrophies of 
 previous work are, in my opinion, directly 
 traceable to that cause. The entire animus 
 of the Arctic regions is against large par- 
 ties. Where three men will get along in 
 safety and comfort, six would merely exist 
 on half-rations arA twelve die of starvation. 
 The two-man party is the ideal one ; both 
 Nansen and myself have proved this. The 
 leader of the expedition must be at the head 
 
 ONE OP UEUTENANT PEARY'S ARCTIC SLEDGES. 
 
 In traveling or transporting by eledges, gailH arc set, as bIiuwii in the picture, wlicnever tlic wind is favorable, and tbua the 
 worii is made iniicli lighter for the dogs. Tiii' ]>ictiiru is from u pliotograph tiilicn by Lientenant Peary himself ; reproduced 
 by the special permission of tlie V. A. Stokes Company. 
 
 globe better adapted to form the rank and 
 file of an Arctic party than members of 
 that little tribe, the most northerly people 
 in the world, whose fathers and grandfathers 
 and great-grandfathers before them have 
 lived in that very region : men who know all 
 the vagaries, all the possibilities, and all the 
 hostilities of their frozen home, and know 
 perfectly how to take care of themselves. 
 Further, they have confidence in me and re- 
 gard me as a friend, and would travel with 
 me, and starve with me, should it be neces- 
 sary. I feel that, with an experienced sur- 
 geou and perhaps one other white man, and 
 that material from which to recruit the rank 
 and file of my party, it would come near be- 
 ing an ideal party for Arctic work. 
 
 of the advance party ; no successful Arctic 
 party can be led from the rear. The lati- 
 tude of Lockwood and Brainard's farthest 
 north is eighty-three degrees, twenty-four 
 minutes. The distance from this point, up 
 to which we know there is land, to the Pole 
 and return, is less than the distance from 
 Whale Sound to Independence Bay and re- 
 turn, which I have twice covered, once with 
 a single companion, and again nnder the 
 heaviest handicap. 
 
 My project was carefully considered by a 
 committee appointed by the Geographical 
 Society, consisting of Admiral Gherardi, 
 Judge Charles P. Daly, and Chandler Rob- 
 bins, and on the 20th of February the com- 
 mittee presented the followir.^ resolution : 
 
 
LIEUTENANT ROBERT E. PEARY. 
 
 428 
 
 ARCnC HIGHLANDERS OF THB TRIBE FROM WHICH LIEUTENANT PEARY HAS VHOBEN HIS ESKIMO ESCORT. 
 
 From photographs Ukuu by Lieutenant Peary. 
 
 Retolvtd, that the Council of the A&iericun <reo- 
 graphical Society heartily approves the project \A 
 polar exploration laid before it by Civil Engineer R. B. 
 Peary, U. S. N., and will gladly contribute tow. rds the 
 expense of the same, provided such contribution is 
 needed and will be acceptable, and that other subscrip- 
 tions, sufficient to warrant the undertaking, are secured 
 by Mr. Peary. 
 
 The next step following this endorsement 
 was to obtain the opportunity to undertake 
 the work ; in other words, secure the neces- 
 sary leave to enable me tc carry out my 
 plans. It quickly developed that the securing 
 of this leave would be a much more difficult 
 work than had at first been anticipated, but 
 at length strong memorials 
 upon the geographical value of 
 the proposed work by Judge 
 Daly, President of the Ameri- 
 can Geographical Society ; and 
 its scientific value, by President 
 Morris K. Jesup, of the Ameri- 
 can Museum of Natural His- 
 tory, supported by numerous 
 letters from men prominent in 
 both scientific and business 
 circles, and urged by all the 
 enthusiasm and personal mag- 
 netism of Mr. Charles A. 
 Moore, a peraonal friend of 
 President McKinley and the 
 Secretary of the Navy, secured 
 the desired result, a five years' 
 leave of absence. 
 
 The first step in the actual 
 field work of the campaign was 
 the preliminary voyage of the 
 BUknmer of 1897, preparatory 
 to the starting of the main ex- 
 
 pedition in 1898. The object of this voyage 
 was to communicate with the little tribe of 
 Smith Sound Eskimos, select from it the young 
 couples who were to form the Eskimo con- 
 tingent of my expedition, tell them what I ex- 
 pected of them, give them instructions to be 
 assembled with all their belongings at a cer- 
 tain time in the summer of 1898, at a speci- 
 fied place on the outer coast, in readiness to 
 come on board my ship without delay. I 
 also wished to instruct the hunters of the 
 entire tribe in regard to gathering as much 
 of a supply of meat for me as possible and 
 having in readiness their best dogs. The 
 
 UEirrENANT PEARY'S PADDED KAMIKS. 
 
 From Lieutenant Peary's boolc, " Northward over the Great Ice ; " by permis- 
 sion of the F. A. Stolies Company. 
 
424 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE. 
 
 secondary object of the voyage was to em- 
 bark and bring home the great Savlksoch or 
 Ahnighito meteorite. This latter has, how- 
 ever, no bearing upon the subject in hand. 
 
 In pursuance of thei>e objects, the steam- 
 ship " Hope," which I had had the previous 
 summer, was again chartered for an Arctic 
 voyage, and sailed fron~ Boston on the 19th 
 of July. On board her was a party of sports- 
 men and scientists who availed themselves of 
 the opportunity for a summer outing at vari- 
 ous points along the Arctic coasts. 
 
 After stopping; at Sydney, Cape Breton, to 
 fill with coal, the "Hope " proceeded north- 
 ward through the strait of Belle Isle, passed 
 along the Labrador coast to the Wrighting- 
 ton whaling station at Cape Haven, thence to 
 Godhaven, Greenland, and eventually across 
 Melville Bay to Cape York, the southern limit 
 of the habitat of the little tribe of Smith 
 Sound Eskimos. Here the first of them were 
 encountered. After getting the great me- 
 teorite safely on board, the ' ' Hope ' ' steamed 
 northward, touching at the various settle- 
 ments along the coast, looking up the faith- 
 ful, hardy, active, young hunters whom I had 
 on my list, until at last all had their instruc- 
 tions and the entire tribe knew my plans for 
 the coming year, as far as they were con- 
 cerned. In spite of the doubts of some of 
 my friends, I found these children of the 
 North, not merely willing, but anxious and 
 eager to go with me. It was interesting to 
 note the childish delight with which they 
 listened, as I told them how they were each 
 to have a " shake-her-up " (Winchester) 
 rifle, and were to hunt musk oxen and bear, 
 drive dogs, and eat biscuit and pemmican 
 with me in the distant legendary Oomingmuk 
 Nunami (Musk Ox Land) of their forefathers. 
 Eagerly as they have looked forward each of 
 the past few summers for the coming of 
 '* Peary's oomiaksoah " (ship), they will look 
 for it with redoubled interest this season. 
 They have all the longing for variety that is 
 characteristic of human children the world 
 over, and this year the arrival of the 
 '* oomiaksoah ' ' means that a number of them 
 will go to the white " Ahvungah " (North) to 
 live in lands which they have heard of in 
 legends repeated to them from childhood up. 
 
 The young men selected by me are men 
 everyone of whom I know personally ; men 
 with whom I have sledged and hunted and 
 boated till I know their capabilities and 
 characteristics. One of them will do for 
 an example — Sipsu, the handsome one (?), 
 grandson of the Chief Sipsu, of whom Hayes 
 speaks. Sipsu I met for the first time one 
 
 brilliant, but bitter cold, April day six yearc 
 ago, in Inglefield Gulf, beside the Hurlbut 
 glacier. He was only a boy, but active as 
 a steel trap. Already he had a record of 
 several deer killed with his rude bow. A 
 little later he was the happiest Eskimo in 
 the land, the possessor of a shining knife ; 
 not only the first he had ever owned, but the 
 like of which had never been seen in the 
 little village. The next year, he brought 
 me as a trophy an eight-foot narwhal horn, 
 the wearer of which he had himself har- 
 pooned and killed. In 1895 he was among 
 the most successful of the numerous walrus 
 hunters at Peterahwick. Soon after, he 
 married robust Nellika, daughter of old 
 Koolootoonah. 
 
 In August, 1896, I nearly lost him. He 
 was the only one to respond to my call for 
 volunteers to harpoon a white whale from 
 the schools which were darting round the 
 point of Fglooaihomny. Fearlessly he pad- 
 dled out in his kyah to intercept them, but 
 the lightning response of a powerful tail to 
 the sting of his harpoon upsec his kyah and 
 pitched him into the water. The ship's boat 
 and another kyaker started toward him. The 
 kyaker reached him first, and, seizing him 
 by the hair, kept his head on the surface till 
 the boat arrived and dragged him in. Blue 
 and exhausted, it took a long rubbing with 
 Turkish towels beside the galley fire and a 
 stiff dose of brandy to get him right again. 
 Finally, clad in my warmest suit of clothes, 
 he went ashore to his anxious young wife. 
 
 So with all of them, I know them as we 
 know comrades du guerre. As I sit here 
 writing now it is entirely within the range 
 of possibility that one of them, out upon the 
 westward stretching ice off Peterahwick, is 
 harpooning a walrus, the meat of which a 
 year from now may be feeding my dogs at 
 the uUima thuk of the world. 
 
 In December last, after returning from 
 this preliminary voyage, I accepted ?. long 
 standing invitation to address the Royal and 
 Royal Scottish Geographical Societies of 
 London and Edinburgh, respectively, upon 
 my past work and future plans. The recep 
 tion accorded my report was very gratifying, 
 resulting in the award of a special medal by 
 the Royal Scottish Society and one of the two 
 gold medals of the Royal Geographical Soci- 
 ety. These endorsements, seconding as they 
 did that of our own American Geograph- 
 ical Society, placed my project in the en- 
 viable position of having the endorsement 
 and approval of the three leading geograph- 
 ical societies of the world. 
 
LIEUTENANT ROBERT E. PEARY. 
 
 486 
 
 The most gratifying evidence, however, of there is little to say. Every additional year 
 the effect produced by my presentation of my of experience in the past has shown me more 
 plans was the deep and immediate interest things that could be dispensed with in Arctic 
 
 shown in them by Mr. Alfred C. Harmsworth, 
 England's munificent patron of Arctic ex- 
 ploration, who pressed upon me his Arctic 
 ship the ** Windward," engaged for the last 
 three years upon the work in Franz Josef 
 Land, and urged my acceptance in such a 
 frank and generous way that it was impos- 
 sible to refuse. 
 Finally, the funds for the work have been 
 
 A GROUP OP LIEUTENANT PEARY'S ESKIMO DOGS. 
 
 assured by an organization of gentlemen 
 prominent in the highest business and social 
 circles of New York. First on the member- 
 ship role of this organization stand three 
 men whose personal interest, influence, and 
 example have made the organization pos- 
 sible. They afford a striking illustration of 
 the way in which Arctic exploration is to- 
 day regarded by the most conservative and 
 intelligent men of the times. These men 
 are Morris K. Jesup, President of the Ameri- 
 can Museum of Natural History; Henry W. 
 Cannon, President of the Chase National 
 Bank, and Charles A. Moore, President of the 
 Montauk Club of Brooklyn. 
 
 As a slight token of my appreciation of 
 the assistance of this organization, and espe- 
 cially of my deep regard for my friend Presi- 
 
 work. In the coming expedition I shall try 
 no experiments in either food or equipment. 
 I feel that I know just what I want for a 
 given purpose and how much for a given 
 time. I shall dispense with many things 
 hitherto considered necessaries of Arctic ex- 
 ploration. For one thing, I shall include no 
 lime juice in my rations : I have never used 
 it ; and I do not believe in it. I am satisfied 
 
 that an intelligent 
 white man can live 
 indefinitely in the 
 Arctic regions on a 
 diet of tea, bread, 
 and fresh meat alone, 
 and keep in good 
 health. Neither lime 
 juice, fruit, nor vege- 
 tables are essential. 
 I shall take no house 
 nor material for one. 
 I shall, wherever 
 practicable, merely 
 supplement Eskimo 
 methods and outfits 
 with modem improve- 
 ments. My ship will 
 be used to land me at 
 the farthest possible 
 northern point. Once 
 there, I shall utilize 
 the simplest methods 
 and materials for ac- 
 coniplishing my object : methods which evo- 
 lution through generations of natives have 
 shown to be best suited for work in that re- 
 gion. The object upon which every energy 
 and every iota of experience is to be con- 
 centrated is the smallest party with the light- 
 est equipment and the fewest necessities — 
 a party which can travel fast and far and 
 continuously. 
 
 The " Windward," however, will of course 
 carry considerable stores. There will be a 
 full equipment of scientific apparatus and 
 mechanical implements ; and for use on the 
 voyage, and to supplement, after v ^ land, 
 the stores gathered by the Eskimos, there 
 will be not less than 1,500 cases of pro- 
 visions, weighing in the gross some fifty 
 tons. In addition to large supplies of bread, 
 tea, coffee, and cocoa, we shall carry pre- 
 
 dent Jesup, all the collections and scientific 
 
 results of my work will be the property of served fruits, various soup, meat, and vege 
 
 the organization and will be by it turned over table preparations, about a ton of sugar, 
 
 to the American Museum. and several hundredweight of salt. There 
 
 Regarding my supplies and equipment will be no liquors aboard, except as part of 
 
426 
 
 MOVING ON THE NORTH POLE. 
 
 the medical stores. Most of the food will 
 be of the compressed sort, hermetically 
 sealed, for the most part, in tin, and each 
 can containing, as a rule, a portion just equal 
 to one man's need for one day. The cases will 
 be carefully stored in water-tight, sheet-iron 
 tanks in the ship's hold. The degree of 
 nutrition in this compressed food is some- 
 thing wonderful. One of the sixty-pound 
 cases would probably maintain a man a 
 month. Our bread-so hard that it can 
 scarcely be eaten until it has been softened 
 in tea, coffee, or something of the sort - has 
 twice the nutrition of ordinary bread. It 
 is perfectly true, as some one writing re- 
 cently of this expedition said, that *' at first 
 the Arctic voyager may look dubiously at the 
 array of little tins placed before him, some 
 of them hardly larger than a penny box of 
 matches, and for a few days his stomach 
 may not fee) quite full after eating, but be- 
 fore long he learns to like his food." 
 
 My project has been erroneously desig- 
 nated by some to whom a catching expres- 
 sion is more attractive than accuracy, " A 
 dash to the Pole." I do not like the term. 
 It is entirely misleading. My project con- 
 templates a serious, determined, persistent 
 attempt to win for the victorious Stars and 
 Stripes the only remaining great geograph- 
 ical prize which the world has to offer ; an 
 attempt which may, and quite likely will, be- 
 come a siege — an attempt in which the 
 knowledge and experience gained in work 
 prosecuted during some ten years on definite 
 and consistent lines are to be directed, on 
 equally definite and consistent lines, towards 
 the accomplishment of my object. 
 
 LIEUTENANT PEARY'S PRESENT SITUATION. 
 
 [On the eve of printing Lieutenant Peary's 
 interesting account of his present undertak- 
 ing, we wrote to Mrs. Peary to learn what 
 was the latest word received from him. Her 
 
 reply is of more than personal interest, and 
 we have obtained her permission to publish 
 it herewith: 
 
 " Washington, D. C, January 19, 1899. 
 
 ** To the Editor q^McClure's Magazine. 
 
 " Dear Sir: Yours of the 13th duly re- 
 ceived. There has been no news from my 
 husband since the return of the S.S. * Hope,' 
 last August, when you received the rolls of 
 films. The ' Windward ' was looked for all 
 the fall, but did not arrive. She has evi- 
 dently been frozen in, and will not be able to 
 return until the late summer or early lall of 
 this year. 
 
 "The last known of the 'Windward' is 
 that, when the ' Hope ' left Littleton Island, 
 on August 13, 1898, for St. Johns, New- 
 foundland, the ' Windward,' with Mr. Peary 
 and his party on board, bore away to the 
 north. I am sorry that I have no further 
 news to impart. 
 
 " Yours very truly, 
 " Josephine Diebitsch-Peary." 
 
 According to the report of Captain Bart- 
 lett of the ** Hope," Lieutenant Peary met 
 with some disappointments at first regarding 
 his Eskimo contingent. The "Hope's" 
 first landing was at Cape York. Either be- 
 cause she did not come as soon as expected, 
 or for some other reason, the Eskimos who 
 were to have been met there had gone. From 
 Cape York the party proceeded to Snow 
 Pocket Bay, and here, again, they were dis- 
 appointed. They next made for Saunders 
 Island. Here the natives were in waiting, 
 and showed great delight at Lieutenant 
 Peary's arrival. The " Hope" went on to 
 Whale Sound, but being stopped from enter- 
 ing the sound by the heavy ice pack, returned 
 to Saunders Island. Here a fortnight was 
 passed, and considerable additions were made 
 to the stores. — Editor.] 
 
 GOLD MEDAL PRESENTED TO LIEl'TEN'ANT I'EAUY IIY THE KOYAL UGOC.UAPHKUL SOCIETY, LONDON, UECEMBBtt, 1897. 
 
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