<*•, 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 v^?^ 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 11.25 
 
 ■ 2.2 
 
 m 
 
 U 11.6 
 
 ^ us, 
 
 <5^ 
 
 y] 
 
 7: 
 
 V 
 
 y 
 
 /^ 
 
 <* 
 
 ^.' 
 
 4^ 
 
 6^ 
 
 '^ 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/iCMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions 
 
 Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 1980 
 
Technical Notes / Notes techniques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Physical 
 features of this copy which may alter any of the 
 images in the reproduction are checked below. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couvertures de couleur 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t« possible de se procurer. Certains 
 dAfauts susceptibles de nuire A la quality de la 
 reproduction sont notAs ci-dessous. 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured pages/ 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Tl 
 
 P< 
 o1 
 fil 
 
 T» 
 cc 
 or 
 ap 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes giographiques en couleur 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pages d^color^es, tachetdes ou piqu^es 
 
 Tight binding (may cause shadows or 
 distortion along interior margin)/ 
 Reliure serr* (peut causer de I'ombre ou 
 de la distortion le long de la marge 
 intdrieure) 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured plates/ 
 Planches en couleur 
 
 Show through/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommag^es 
 
 n 
 
 fil 
 
 int 
 
 M< 
 in 
 up 
 bo 
 
 fol 
 
 D 
 
 Additional comments/ 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires 
 
 Bibliographic Notes / Notes bibliographiques 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Pagination incorrect/ 
 Erreurs de pagination 
 
 Pages missing/ 
 Des pages manquent 
 
 Maps missing/ 
 
 Des cartes gdographiques manquent 
 
 D 
 
 Plates missing/ 
 
 Des planches manquent 
 
 D 
 
 Additional comments/ 
 Commentaires suppl^mentaires 
 
The images appearing here are the beat quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec la 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at 
 de la nettet* de lexemplaire film*, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall 
 contain the symbol -^ (meaning CONTINUED"), 
 or the symbol V (meaning "END"». whichever 
 applies. 
 
 The original copy was borrowed from, and 
 filmed with, the kind consent of the following 
 institution: 
 
 Library of the Public 
 
 Archives of Canada 
 
 Maps or plates too large to be entirely included 
 in one exposure are filmed beginning in the 
 upper left hand corner, left to right and top to 
 bottom, as many frames as required. The 
 following diagrams illustrate the method: 
 
 Un des ..ymboles suivants apparaltra sur la der- 
 niAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: 
 la symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole 
 V signifie "FIN". 
 
 L'exemplaire film* fut reprodult grAce A la 
 g«n«rosit« de I'itablissement prAteur 
 suivant : 
 
 La bIbliothAque des Archives 
 publiques du Canada 
 
 Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour Atre 
 reproduites en un seul clich« sont filmAes A 
 partir de Tangle supArieure gauche, de gauche A 
 droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images nAcessaire. Le diagramme suivant 
 illustre la mAthode : 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 

 •. • 
 
 m 
 
 ■-' w 
 
 ARBOR DAY 
 
 .«■ 
 
 :0 
 
 A FEW ADVICES TO FABMERS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 nj-A-isTTiisra- o:p ■fok-'bst 
 
 AND 
 
 ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
 
 ■0- 
 
 Published for ft-ee distribution by order of the Legis- 
 lative Assembly of the Province of Quebec. 
 
 AftCHivu ruMom 
 
 OTTAWA. Om. 
 
 MONTREAL 
 
 EUSfeBE SENEGAL & FILS, Publishers 
 
 St. Vincent Street 
 1884 
 
 l>2> 
 
 niM'ii^' 
 
 ■A* 
 
I 
 
 t 
 
 • •• « • • a • 
 
 - • • • 
 
 ••• '•# ••• ••^••;* 
 
 «• • 
 
 • • • 
 
 
 
 ".■t - 
 
 i-wiiisjjt.* 
 
 - — 5&V 
 
 _-k. , — 
 
 4- 
 
 r 
 
 /isi/ 
 
I 
 
 4 
 
 r 
 
1 
 
 %l 
 
 >' 
 
j 
 
 % 
 
 ARBOR DAY 
 
 •0 
 
 A FEW ADVICES TO FARMERS 
 
 or- THE 
 
 " OVD 
 
 ORNAMF.VrAL TREES. 
 
 Published for free distribvtion by order of the Legis- 
 lative Assembly ofiho Province of Quebec. 
 
 'Mnl 
 
 MONTREAL 
 
 EUSEBE SENEGAL & FILS, 
 
 St. Vincent Street 
 18S4 
 
 PUBFJSHERS 
 

 •i . o 
 
 < t u 
 
 r , in I. 
 
 
 ■• f <• C I) 
 
 O (. I o • 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ^/'/sg'i 
 
ARBOR DAY. 
 
 ' • 
 
 The first nnnivcrsnry of the Arbor Day will orcMv in tho 
 ensuing month of M ly. Tho twelfth day of May has been 
 polectcd this year for that, celebration throughout the Pro- 
 vince of Quebec. 
 
 The festival was well ob.^crved last year. In all parts of 
 the province a great number of trees were planted. It is the 
 duty of all to follow the coble example of the higher power, 
 who, after having appointed the day of tho festival, were tho 
 first to observe it, and tO 'plant with their own hands trees 
 destined to carry down to posterity the nnmes of tho^c whose 
 patriotic idea it was to teach the people to love and respect 
 their forests. 
 
 The first anniversary of the f6te would be worthily ob 
 served by planting a greater number of trees than last year. 
 We should profit by experience and avoid those errors which 
 caused the death of a great proportion of the trees planted 
 last year. 
 
 In order to succeed let us lay down a few rules for the 
 guidance of those who wish to celebrate arbor day in a prac- 
 tical manner. 
 
The pix following qucfltioriK Hhould be studied by thoso 
 who wish to plant succesHtully : 
 
 How to choose the plants ? 
 
 How to get the plants ? 
 
 How to treat the plants before planting ? 
 
 How to prepare tlie land for plautiiij; ? 
 
 How to plant ? ,. 
 
 How to treat the trees after plrititing ? 
 
 How to choose the ? Innts 7 — The first thing to do before 
 planting, is to study the natuf? of the soil in order to select 
 trees fit for it. All trees do not suit all soils, for the soil may 
 be : clay, low, cool, gravel, dan^p, light, marshy, mountainous, 
 stony, flat, deep, rich, sand, dry, shallow. Here follows a list 
 of the most useful trees, and of the soils suited to each. With 
 a choice of soils, we can pbint amy trees for which we muy 
 have a preference ; but when restricted to a particular soil, 
 we must plant those trees which cent it. 
 
 TRKKS SOILS. 
 
 Birches, the Cool, sandy, shallow. 
 
 Ash, white " deep, rich. 
 
 •< red " *' ** 
 
 " elder-leaved Low, damp, marshy. 
 
 Beech Cool, gravel, mountainous, 
 
 shalloTV 
 
 Maple, sugar Gravelly, light, mountainous, 
 
 stony, rich, dry. 
 
 '< red (the plane) Alluvium, gravel, damp, flat. 
 
 '( silver Alluvium, damp, flat. 
 
 Oak. white Clay, deep, dry. 
 
 ** red Clay, cool, deep, dry. 
 
 •^' 
 
 <i 
 
T 
 
 '-jgff 
 
 — 5 — 
 
 ii 
 
 Mlm, Americnn A II uvinm. damp, flat. rich. 
 
 •• red Cool. mpuiitAinou<i, rich. 
 
 Pine, Weymoutb (lool, damp, light, saad. 
 
 •* rock Poor, stony. 
 
 " soft Cool, sand. 
 
 ♦* red Sandy, dry. 
 
 Hemlock Lipht, mouutainoii?, stony. 
 
 Fir Low, damp, marshy. 
 
 Willow Clay, low, cool, damp, light, 
 
 marshy, poor, flat, deep, rich. 
 
 Mountain r.sh Cool, monntainous. 
 
 Poplar L'-v, cool, light. 
 
 Lime-tree or bass-wood Cool, damp, deep, rich. 
 
 SpruceSjthe — includinf^ the Norway's. Cool, gravel, shallow. 
 
 White cedar Low, marshy. 
 
 Hoic to get plants ? — lo. By sowing, two or three years in 
 advance, the seeds of the trees intended to be planted. This 
 practice I only recommend to skilled horticulturists ; 2o. By 
 taking young plants from the forest when are already grown 
 up and in good shape— these would he last in the brushwood 
 when they crowd one another, but transplanted, they form 
 fine trees; 3o. By buying young plants from the nurserymen* 
 
 If we proceed by means of seed, the plants may be set out 
 at from one foot to four feet in height, but no more. When 
 the plants are got from the forest, the common error is to 
 select them from 8 feet to 20 feet in height ! 80 o/o of these 
 trees die. From the nurseryman, these plants can be sent 
 by post, for 2 or 3 dollars a hundred, one foot high ; and by 
 express, from four to six feet., plants for 7 to 8 dollars a 
 hundred. Four feet should never be exceeded. 
 
 Hou) to treat the plants before planling f— All the suocess 
 
p 
 
 — 6 — 
 
 of the plantations depends upon this. I saw, last year, trees 
 fifteen feet in hei<rht, with a mass of earth only two feet in 
 diameter attached, torn up ; utterly deprived of their rootlets ; 
 with only two or three large naked roots growing from the 
 trunk. Broomstieks would grow just as soon as these ! To 
 transplant trees of this size successfully, the attached mass of 
 earth should be at least 7 or 8 feet in diameter. Hence the 
 planting of trees of not more than 3 or 4 feet is to be pre- 
 ferred, and with them, a mass of 2 feet will secure the re- 
 moval of all the rootlets with the plant^ and their success is 
 secured. 
 
 Great care must be taken to prevent the roots, especially 
 the roots of the conifers, from drying before planting, and 
 the following is a good mode of treatment : if they come by 
 mail or by express, prepare beforehand a thick mess of cow 
 dung, clay, and water. As soon as the plants arrive, dip the 
 roots in this, and a layer of mud, impervious to the air, will 
 be deposited on them. The same process should be followed 
 out if the plants, taken from the forest or from the nursery, 
 are not to be set out ir*' >diately. 
 
 Hotc to prepare t. c 1 A intended to he planted?— If a 
 large number of trees re to be planted on moderate-sized 
 piece of land, it should bo ploughed and harroeved carefully. 
 But if only a few ornamental trees are to be set out at wide 
 distances apart, the spot where each is to be set may be 
 treated with spade and hoe. In dry soils, or those only 
 moderately damp, a trench may be formed, just deep enough 
 to receive the plant to the same depth at which it stood in 
 the forest or the nursery, and just wide enough to allow the 
 
 •^x 
 
 1 
 
 J'. 
 
 .>w 
 
T 
 
 
 J'. 
 
 .k 
 
 _ 7 - 
 
 root» to be spread out easily. By the side of the ti ench, a 
 quantity of fine, rich earth should be placed to fill it up 
 when the plant is in place. 
 
 In a rocky soil, a trench, sufiicicntly wide to receive the 
 roots of the youngling with ease, should be prepared, and 
 good earth should be brought to fill up the trench. 
 
 As to low, damp soils, no trenches should be made ; the 
 plants set in them in such land would infallibly die ; but, in 
 the contrary, they should be set on the surface, the roots 
 covered with mould (terrean) and with pieces of turf taken 
 from the place where the buUe or mounds is made. In this 
 case, the earth must be brought to the place of plantation, 
 and the turves required must be lifted from the immediate 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 How to plant ? — Two planters are better than one. While 
 one selects the plants and trims the roots and branches, the 
 other make a little mound at the bottom of the trench with 
 fine mould taken from its side. He who holds the plant spreads 
 its roots on the mound, and the assistant covers them with 
 earth, carefully filling up all the interstices between the 
 rootlets. When the roots are well covered, the trench is 
 filled, and the whole well trodden down. If the soil is dry 
 the earth should be watered before the trench is completely 
 filled, and then carefully trodden after the job is finished. A 
 stake to tie the plant to with a straw or other band completes 
 the operation. 
 
 How to treat the trees after transplantation ? — First, the 
 ties must not be allowed to be detached from the stake by 
 
- 8 - 
 
 wind, etc. All weeds must be cleared away. If the season 
 is dry, the trees should be mulched — a layer of straw, saw- 
 dust, tanbark, spread round it — thus preserving the moisture. 
 If the tree seems lusk to take, it should be boldly pruned, 
 though this remedy is not always efficacious. . 
 
 By following out the preceipts I have just enunciated, any- 
 one can become a successful planter. And now let us all go 
 to work ! Let Arbor Day find us all, spade in hand, ready 
 to plant, with all our preparations made beforehand, so that 
 nothing may take us unaware. Let us consider where we 
 are going to plant, provide ourselves with plants, and on the 
 appointed day, not only individuals, but teachers, schools, 
 convents, colleges, agricultural clubs and societies, should act 
 in unison, and so behave, that on the day after the f'^te it 
 may be said that all have contributed to the work of rewood- 
 ing the country, and have shown that they understand the 
 important purl which the forest plays in rural economy. 
 
 J. C CflAPAia. 
 
 
 . K 
 
^