^* "'..Q .i WBte. r^-^-Cf^-^tlplflptrttft^,..-"**"^ ^nnnM^ f#t» iB^mB% t&^ff'"'« (>ii 'iiiii''"" i-ii'if fiiOTmi MANITOBA And Its Resources. Manitoba Described.. Social Likk ... Krmgion and Kducation, oro, Ont. Picton, Ont. Port Hope, Ont. Quebec, Que. kegina, As.sa. Sarnia, Ont. .Stratford, Ont. St. John, Nte. St. Mary's, Ont. Toronto, Ont. Vancouver, B.C. 2 S. A. ROWBOTHAM & CO.^ ^ F^EAb ESTATE AGENTS, 3 450 MAIN ST., . WINNIPEG. MAN. - Opp. Posr 0«cfc. UMiiiil|iPf;'H I'upnlHtiuu 1870 .loO iH8o..',....'.;;;;i,; ooo." 1H88 «:j,ooo. Property ii; WinnipfR K now chearer than in any other City oftl,,- ^anie size on tiu- CV.n 1 1 ivw*. WO othtr Lity o^ftirs mh h ^plenilKJ (.pporlunity for profitu'jie investment. .nv n/h!!!?V'?," " '■•'l"'">-.'«--'-'^""n« a Railway Centre and has more tine territory tributary u> Ls^hw. may oiner l,ity in America. ' —■^».< ManUobT''"'"^""" '■' ''"''^'^ ^^' '*"" ''''°''* """"''^ regarding property in Winnipeg and farm laiuibifc. Mkrchants Bank of Canada. ESTABLISHED 1864. Pai(l-M|> Capit.il, ».5,7U9,'J00. Upst. !»l,!!.^.» JOC. A. Allan, Esq., of the .Mian I.ino of Steamships Prcidont. Ccorg* H.->gue, F.sq., General M^jr^. Manager at \Vnnni)cg, I). Mii.i.KK. ' Rninches in tl.fc Province of (Juebw;. Ojitarlo, and Manitoba, and in New Vork. Bankers ui London : The Clydesdale Hank (Limited!, jo Lombard Street . Agents n. Scotland : Clydesdale liank (Limited); and Hr.-nches Moneys received -'V ''^POM. and letters of Credit issued by th. Clydesdale Hank on all 0««.« rfi-' I he Merchants Bank of Canada, including tl.ose in .Manitoba * IFE *JSSOC1AT10H, Head Office, - - Toro NTO. President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. .Sir W. P, IIowland. C.B., K.C.M.G. (William Elliot, Esq. \ EuWARIi Ilboi'ER, Esq. DIRECTOR.S : Hon. Chief Justice Macdonald. W. H. Beatty, Esq. J. lletbert Mason, Estj James Young, Esq., M.P.P. M. P. Ryan, Esq. S. Nordheimer, Esq. W. H. Gibl>s, Esq. A. McLean Howard, Esq. J. D. Edgar, Esc^ Walter S. Lee, Esq. A. L. Goodciham, Esq. Managing Director, J. K. MACDONALD. Actuary, W. C. Macdonaii.3c». ■■ POLICIICS INDISPUTABtfE AFTER 3 TEARS. NON FORFEITABtE AFTER 8 TEA1K»^ Premium Rates from 10 to 30 per cent, lower than in those Foreien Coa^ domg business in Canada. i 0. O o H a. ui I I- o z h- CO UJ > cc < I i z UJ o an IT < The " Brantford " Agricultural Implements Are Specially Built and Adapted for the NorthWest Trade and give Universal Satisfaction. Full lines are always carried in Stock. 8KK TIIKM J BUY THEM t ALL OUll M A C II I N K B r IM FIltsT-CLAHS AND Fally WKrrniitifd '^^S ^«/»jPw. Our Aeencieii i»r«» EfltHblUhed At Every Importuiil Point Throughout thi« North-Went. THE NEW " BRANTFORD " FRONT-CUT MOWER ^x5p- A. HARRIS, SON & CO., Prkicess Stfteet, - ""l^x^.^L'^i^"'^ « WINNIPEG, jVIAN- iS-S£e OUR AGENTS OR WRITE US DIRECT MUTUjlL* LIFE INSURANCE* COMPANY OF isrET;^7- "2-01^12: RICHARD A. McCURDY, PRESIDENJ\ ASSETS. JAN. isT. 1888^j^_$ 118,806,851.88. Canadian North- West General Agency^ ^^^SiT^ffiTiJ^e^wfrfe'! ^-' LIBERALITY AND SECURITY. The Mutual Lir«'« cash dividends .ind bonus additions to its policies far exceed those af any oihc-r C o.npany, while ;ts assets exceed by over Thirty- Five Mill ions of 0«ll«rrthe dT^ 1 M lM»r« «rO«ll«r.'',h"'''*"'--'= cor^V^r^y in the ,^orld and by more ,.han One Hu„! urea Millions of intlliirx the entire assets of all the Canadan insurance companies The,, why pay vour mo.iey for unprof.table insurance, or, still worse, for policies or cerXates in weal compan.es or assessment wc.eties, that you will probably' outlive. whe"by insuring ^hh this Company you at once secure a profitable Life Insurance provision foryour fam y and fo rirtenefit "* "" """'"^ "* '"^ '^" ''■^'''' °' ""''•"^' °^ '^e investment thurm^Se fo: i;.J"MXv"St%l?a^^^^^^ insured,, will do well to consider the adv:.n. Companies! ""»"»» '"e before insuring or renewing their present policies with other h!^n.l T"'""}- T"'* ^"."V"!."' ''" P'^^" ^^"' '^« Company is not represented, torms of application, with full instriu-tions, will be sent to any address upon application. HON J. NOIIQUAY, liiMpertor, T- C. LIVINGSTON. O n«r«l Manager, ninulpeg, Man. Wlnnl,)eg, Man. *^ MANITOBA DESCRIBED. The Province of Manitoba is one of the seven Provinces of the Dominion of Canada. It is situated in the very centre of the North American continent, ]mni^ midway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Winnipeg,', the capital of ihe Province, is 1,423 miles from Montreal, on the wide waves of the Atlantic, and 1,483 miles from Vancouver on the Pacific Ocean. The southern frontier of the Province, bordering on the United States, is about the same latitude as Paris and the south of Germany. Manitoba has an area of 123,200 square miles, or nearly 79,000,000 acres, includ- ing the water surface. It contains at the present time a population of about 130,000, the larger portion of whom are from Great Britain and Eastern Canada, There arc also quite a number of settlers from the United States, Australia and other couDtrks. and in addition there are some very prosperous colonies of Icelanders, Swedes, Meip oonites and Hungarians. So much has already been said and written about Manitoba regarding its wonder- ful agricultural advantages, its adaptation to stock raising, dairying and cheese making, its climate and other features, that we do not deem it necessary to repeat the elalwralJ d-'scriptions which from time to time have been published and so extensively dis- tributed throughout the Dominion and the world generally. We purpose to simply p'ace before intending settlers, in a condensed form, a number of incontrovertible facts showing the progressive results of the past ten years' settlement of the Province, and ask all seeking new homes in the Canadian Northwest to carefully consider and compare the statements and statistics given under the different headings before decid- ing to settle elsewhere. It is not often the papers of the United States say much of a favorable nature regarding competitive countries, but the following extract is from an article published in May, 1888, in the St. Paul and Minneapolis Piotteer Press, one of the leading papers of Western America: — " Manitoba, the garden of the North wst, the country which is now and will be still more in the future the storehouse of this continent ; the land of wheat, the best that has ever been grown ; the fertile belt, with its millions of acres of the best avail- able land ; the country which offers an unsurpassed home for the millions who will yet till its fertile prairies, a country second to none, and first in its productive yiel.l. Last year the actual yield of wheat was thirty-two bushels to the acre. To prove this beasy. There was in crop 432,134 acres, with a return of 14,000,000 bushels. There was exported 9,000,000 bushels, there is now in store 1,500,000, there is 1,.')00,' 000 still in the farmers' hands, while the estimated consumption inthe Province, and certainly a low one, was 2,000,000. What country can show an equal result ? Nor was this all. There was grown millions of bushels of oats, barley and of pras, and of potatoes and other roots there were additional millions raised." For the information of intending settlers the following brief description of ii general features of the difTeront parts of the I'rovinrc will show that Manitoba is iv. monotonous stretch of level prairie, In.i, on the conirnry, its to|)oj;raphy u of a Vi,»» and diversified character an*! in some parts extremely piclurescjue. All the country from the eastern boundary to the Rod River is well watered, i in(;rass, with a large area of aral)Ie lands, which for the growth of giaiu and t crops is unsuri)assed in any part of the world. Many portions of the vast areas t- i north ef Winnipeg and in the vailey of the Red River are still available fo/ i. homesteads. KELUIItK. The traveller approaching Manitoba from the e.ist, if travelling via the C. P. 1 reaches Selkirk some 20 miles east of Winnipeg. This is the centre of a ma.ijniii tnixetl farming country, iliiough which the Red River flows on to Lake Winiij.j^ There is an abundance of wood ami water, ar.il almost all kinds of wild fruits al»i.i:h in .this district. At the Provincial comjietition of 18S8 for grain, roots, etc., .: . district was awarded the first prize for roots and vegetables. West Selkirk, sitnau- ■ on the west bank of the Red River, has a population of 800. There are sch-.i;!'. churches, and business eslai>li.,luucnts of all kinds. The tishiiig industry is v.; extensively engaged in here, and it is said the two largest fishing establishmviv,, i. Canada are situated in Selkirk (West), An immigration committee has I apiwinted to look after the interests of settlers coming into the neighborhood, li. mayor (F.W. Colcleugh, Esq., M. P. P.) is chairman, and will at any time b [deased to give information regarding tlie district. WINNIPEG. Con(inuing west, or rather southwest, from Selkirk we reach Winnipeg. S much has been written about Winnipeg we do not propose to enter into mi, t. details regarding the ciby. Suffice to say it is the capital of the Province of Man!;,) It has a population of about ?"), 000 and is an important railroad centre. It i.. ti. seat of government for the Province. There are a large number of manufactoii. here, and a most extensive wholesale trade is carried on with the whole of llie \ territory betwixt Winnipeg and the Pacific coast. It is a matter of surprise t(- ; newly arrived settler that so little of the land in the immediate vicinity of Winn is under crop. There are several explanai.ons of this, but the principal reason is, i, . the great bulk of the lands in this neighborhood some years since got into the hand . spec-Iators who, buoyed up by the hope of *' mushroom developments" in tlie < held them at such nigh figures that settlers went west, where they either obtained i homesteads ov bought lands at lower prices. The Winnipeg people have now a.. ened to the fact that settlement around the city is necessary to the full developmen: its prosperity, and first-class lands can now be obtained here .is cheaply as any.\:, in'the Province. The whr^le district of which Winnipeg is the centre is admiij. adapted for mixed farming. Capitalists wishing to invest in property oi business or settlers wishing to locate within a radius of 20 miles from the city of W nipeg can obtain full and reliable information from the Secretary of the Bojru . Trade, C. N. Bell, Esq. C. P. R. MAIN LINE WEST. Leaving Winnipeg, the country is of much the same nature as just described nv^ we reach Poplar ^o:nt, 40 miles to the west Here we enter upon a v-::! settled a;; LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR SCHULTZ. T exceedingly rich and well developed agricultural country. From this to Bumside^ nine miles west of Portage la Prairie, the country has been settled for many years, apri most of the farmers are wealthy. This district is usually conceded to be the finesti wheat section in Manitoba, and crops of wheat from 30 to 45 bushels per acre are con stantly raised. There are not now any free homesteads in this vicinity, and owing to the great richness of the soil lands find ready sale at comparatively high figures. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE. Portage la Prairie, (56 miles from Winnipeg) is the principal business centre. It is favorably situated on the north banK of the Assiniboine, and has a population of 2,500. It is on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The eastern ter- minus of the Manitoba & Northwestern Railway is also here, and next season (1889)' it will be the western terminus of the Portage extension of the Red River Valley Rail- way. After passing Burnside we pass through a country somewhat inferior in quality when compared with the rich lands in the Portaq;e district. Much of it is suitable for. cattle raising and dairying, and thoagh in many parts the land is somewhat ligi>; a large amount of grain is raised. There is considerable timber in this part of the country. CARBERRY. At we approach Carborry (106 miles wst cf Winnipeg) we again enter ihe real |»rairie country. This part is locally known as the " Big Plains," and for nijiny miles both north ami south, especially north, is a magnificent stretch of rolling prairie almost every portion of which is first-class grain growing land. Abundance of limber for fence and building purposes can be o>jtained from the " Spruce Woods " south of this tract along the Assiniboine River. Carberry is the central town of this district, and is growing rapidly. It contains a good flouring mill, elevators, warehouses, aud a Jarge number of well stocked stores. BRANDON. Twenty-six miles from Carlx;rry (and 132 from Winnipeg) brings us to Brandon, next to Winnipeg the largest and most important city in Manitoba. Brandon is charmingly suuated on a gentle slope on the south side of the Assiniboine River. It is a divisional point on the main line of the C. P. R. The Northwest Central R?iS way is graded for some 50 miles northwest '"rom the city, and the promoters say it will hs ironed and operated in 1889. The Northern Pacific & Manitoba Railway Com pany is under contract to build from Morris (Southern Manitoba) to Brandon in 1880, and it is reported !\ line will within that time be built from Brandon southwesterly to »:.* Souris coal fields. Brandon is destined ere long to be an important railroad Cvjntre. The country for many miles in every direction is tributary to its market. There are no less than nine grain elevators aud warehouses, and about 1,300,000 Qmshels of wheat were marketed h-jre last season. Brandon is doubtless the largest wheat market (that is for delivery from the farmers' wagons) in the world. There is a large flouring mill with a capacity of 200 barrels per day. It is also an important horse and cattle market. There is also a saw mill, planing mill, several machine shops and other manufactories. The Brandon City Council and Board of Trade some time since appointed an immigration committee to look after the interests of newly arrived settlers in the district. Those wishing for ilisinterested information, either as investors or settlers, should communicate with the secretary of that committee — Mr. W. E, Flummerfelt. From Brandon to the western boundary of the Province near Fleming Station (211 miles west of Winnipeg) the general features of the country are much the same as just described. It is one vast tract of rich, rolling prairie, with, however, sufficient ,>asture a.id hay land to be capable of supporting great herds of cattle. In fact. Uioiigb Manifoba wheat is iiiiivcrsally conceded the best in the world, yet Manitoba is essentially a mixed faruiins country. Alexander, Griswold, Oak Lake, Virden and Elkhorn are thriving centres of good farming districts. TIRDEN. Virden (180 miles from Winnipeg) is growing rapidly, and many of the settlers in the vicinity have made astonishing progress during the past few years. The local authorities have taken steps to make known the requirements of their particular dis* trict, and those wishing to settle there can obtain information by writing to Mr. W. H. McDougall, clerk of the municipality. • • 9 ELKHORN. Elkhorn (197 miles from Winnipeg) is also showing signs of prosperity. During the past two or three years a great many new settlers have gone into this part of the •ountry. South of Elkhorn and Virden in the Pipestone country there is a con- siderable amount of land available for free homestead entry. Though so far as known the municipalities have not appointed anyone in Elkhorn officially to represent them and give information about the district, yet intending settlers can obtain valuable advice by communicating with W. .M. Gushing, one of the oldest and best known merchants of that place. MANITOBA & NORTHWESTERN ' ILWAY. Returning now Ic Portage la Prai-rie, we strike the Manitoba & Nort \ve5te»» Railway, which runs northwesterly for some 180 miles to the western boundary of the Province, near Langenburg, and in fact some 25 miles beyond it to Saltcoats, in Assiniboia. We do not propose to say much in detail regarding the country through which the railway passes, as the M. cSc N. W, Ry. Co. have themselves fully made its capabilities known. The whole of the rich country through which this railway passes is well adapted for grain and cattle raising. There is more timber in this part of tkt- country than in many of the sections south. Throughout the district there are aiso a number of homesteads available for entry. All along the line are thriving townff'a«d villages. GLADSTONE. Gladstone (91 miles from Winnipeg) has a population of 300, and has three « four churches, a school, mill, grain warehouses, stores and hotels. NEEPAWA. Neepawa (117 milej from Winnipeg) is a flourishing little place with about 30t> inhabitants. It is the county town and has the county buildings, churches, a public school, some grain warehouses, hotels and stores. SIINNEDOSA. Minnedosa (135 miles from Winnipeg) is the county town of the county kearia^ the same name. It has a population of about 800, and has two saw mills, one flow mill, two grain elevators, three or four churches, schools, stores, hotels, etc. The country around Minnedosa is well settled, and during the past two or three years a good many new settlers have taken up land here. RAPID CITY. A run of some 15 miles on the Saskatchewan & Western R.\ilway brings as »• Rapid Gity (150 miles from Winnipeg). This part of the coumry was originally settled before the construction of the C. P. R. Is was at that time expected the main line of the C. P. R. would pass through here. As it passed some 20 miles to the south this part of the country was for some lime non-progressive on account of lack of railroad facilities. It is now going alicad again. 1 he po[!U:ation is about 360. There is an elevator, flour mill, woollen mill, cheese factory, etc., etc. Some fine thoroughbred cattle and horses are kept in this district. An active immigration com- mittee has been appointed, to advise and assist new settlers. The secretary is E. A. Bailey. 10 BIRTLE. ^ Passing w. from Minnedosa, past Shoal Lake, a rising town, we reach Birtle (Hit miles from Winnipeg). Birtle has a population of alx)ut 100, and promises ere loi.^' to be a first-classs business centre. Its natural situation is in its favor, and a vtiy large agricultural country is tributary to it. There is a saw, shingle and lath mill, .i flour mill, elevator, post and telegraph offices, stores, hotels, etc. The celebrai'td Binscarth stock farm is in the municipality of Birtle. RUSSELL. From Binscarlh there is a branch line running to Russell (222 miles from Winni- peg), the centre of a district where large numbers of cattle, sheep and horses are raised. Some three miles from Russdl are the home and large farm established by Dr. Bariidrdo, of London, England. C. p. R. BRANCH LINES-CiLENRORO. Returning to Winnipeg we go out on the Southwestern branch of the C. P R w^Glenboro (105 miles from Winnipeg). After passing Headingly, for a distance of 50 or 60 miles, the country is more adapted to stock-raising and grazing than growir-ti gram, but from Treherne and Holland westward we again enter a good grain countrv. Clenboro is the present western terminus of this branch railway, and the rapidity f ats growth leads to the belief that it will be a prosperous market town. It is situat t aighti.ntheheartofa rich grain and cattle country. If intending settlers wish fr-r Miformation regarding this district they may apply to R. S. Thompson, Esq., Glcn- boto, ex-M. P. P. for that division. His advice may be relied upon. SOrRIS CITY. There is a tract of country lying west of Glenboro and south of the C. P. R. which is not yet supplied with railroad facilities, but which is well settled by a bigi. y desirable class of men, and which contains some of t'le finest farming land in Mai.i. toba, and also some of the finest cultivated farms. Souyis City is in this part of the country, some 20 miles southeast from Brandon. It lies in a plain having the Brand(e bought at low prices. In the neighborhood are one or two large stock farms, notably those of Sharman Bros, and J. E. Smith. TO DELORAINE. Running southwesterly from Winnipeg to Debraine (202 miles) is another brancu line controlled by the C. P. R. To say that it runs through a fine section of count;/ but inadequately expresses the truth. This part has repeatedly been termed "Ti.c Garden of Manitoba." Almost the whole of the country traversed by this line .s suitable for grain raising, but nearly all the farmers now go in for cattle and mixed Arming, as this has been demonstrated to be the best method to pursue. All along the route there are prosperous little towns and villages. There is Morris likely to •• It I'.'come an important place from the fact that ic is a railroad centre. The famous •'Lowe Farm" of some 10,000 acres is near here. Moruen, Manitou, Pilot Mound, r-'vstal City (the home of Hun. Thos. Greenway, Premier of Manitoba) Klllarney, Buissevain and Deloraine are all in the midst of fine agricultural districts, and are good points from which to start out to obtain l?ind and make a home. From Delor- (e to the western boundary of the Province there is much good land and a large .scattered settlement. In this part of the Province there are said tc be large coal fields. Should the traveller enter the country from the south by the C. P. R. from. Kmerson, or by the Northern Pacific & Manitoba from West Lynne, he will pass through a fertile country. The country along the latter route is more suitable for iise grains and for cattle, whilst along the former a great deal of wheat is raised. THE SOCIAL LIFE. )f a Ficw country ought to be an important factor in the selection of a future home. !^any residents in Great Britain and in Eastern Canada have the idea that life must of ocessity be extremely rough in a new country. Such is not the case in Manitoba. ' A i.e Winnipeg, Portage la Prairie or Brandon, or any of the cities and towns in •p Province, and there is almost as much fashion and as ma*iy of the tokens of civil- iiion and refinement as are to be met with in older settled communities. Nor is . when farming on the prairies so ilull and desolate as many imagine who have not •>;)erienced it. On the contrary, it is full of life and activity. As a rule those whr tile anywhere within reasonable distance of a market have lots of respectable, quiel I .ijjhbors. The population of Manitoba is drawn from all ranks and classes in so- . ly. We have the near relatives of some of those who stand highest in the ranks o, •J British aristocracy, we have men drawn from the professional, commercial and lb 'ling classes, and provided the private chaiacttr of the individual is above siw- .) -ion all mix together upon terms of friendship and equality which in Europe would ).' deemed impossible. RELIGION AND EDUCATION t €IIUR€1IE8, ETC Churches ar (planted in every eligible location. Wherever a few families forn» I'^sv settlement religious services are at once provided, and five-sixths of the schools • utilized for purposes of worship. There is no sectarian bitterness or ecclesiastical ing, and a Pom in datholic priest has taken part at a public meeting held in Win. ?g to welcome an ultra-Presbyterian divine as principal of his college. For sclf- iiying zeal, abundant !al)ors, and general efficiency, the clergy of the Northwest are • >nd to none. Sunday schools abound, and districts might be named where family I -hip is quite as common, or more so, than in Scotland itself. There are adherents <« •early every denomination, but according to the census of 1386 the four leading d nominations are : — Presbyterians 28.406 adheren48 " Roman Catliolic 14,651 " SCHOOLS. There is a splendid educational system in Manitoba modelled after the Ontario system, vhich is reputed the best in the world. One eighteenth of the land in the Province is set apart for educational i)urposes, and education is free— i. e., there is no direct charge. There is a small charge upon hnd. Even in the most remote districts V ry few of the settlers are more than three miles from a school, whilst in many ]mr|« t tey are much nearer. J. B. Somerset, Esq., Superintendent of Education, Winni- p j;, kindly furnishes the following statistical and other information. BOARl> OF EDl€ATION. " The eduational affairs of the Province of Manitoba ate administered by a B )aTi of Education appointed by the Local Government, and divided into two sec- tions, one of 12 members controlling Protestant, and one of 9 members controlling Ko>«an Catholic Schools." COLLEGES. There are five colleges: St. John's, (Episcopal); Manitoba, (Presbyterian) ; Wea'ley, (Methodist); St, Boniface, (Roman Catholic), and the Medical College. TNIVERSITY. Tlie University is constituted by the affiliation of the Colleges for examining and degree conferring purposes only. It is administered by a council consisting of seven representatives from each college, one from each section of the Board of Education, and seven from the graduates. Its income is raised by an annual grant from the Legislature, but in addition there has been a grant of 150,000 acres of land made by tlie Dominion to the University, from which no income has yet been realized. NVIIIBER OF SCHOOLS. There are 597 schools in the Province, and 22,300 school children. There is also •^■ue Normal school, in Winnipeg. EKVCiiTIONAL GRANT. The educational grant from the government is $120,000. GOVERNMENT, The government of Manitoba is representative in character. It consists of the Li/ulenant-fiovemor, appointed by the Crown, and a Legislative Assembly of 38 members. From the latter is chosen the Cabinet, or Executive Council, of five members. Practically speaking there is manhood .-uffrage in Manitoba. The Prov- ince has 5 represenlaiives in the Dominion Parliament and three in the Deminion Se.iat(\ f 13 HON, THOS. GREENWAY, Premier and Minister of Agriculture. For purposes of municipal and local government the Province is divided into 86 municipalities. There are also three cities, viz., Brandon, Emerson and Winnipeg, •and twelve towns. The purely local affairs of these places are managed by councils elected by popular vote taken by ballot. This system of voting is adopted at all elections in Manitoba. THE CLIMATE. If there is one thing more misunderstood than another regarding Manitoba, it is the climate. United States agents, and ignorant but well meaning individuals in the Old Country and in Eastern Canada, persist in speaking of Manitoba as a frozen wilder- ness. Nothing could be further from the truth. For agricultural purposes the climate is one of the finest in the world, as is proved by the fact that in 1887 some 16,000 farmers raised about 14,000,000 bushels of wheal aluue, besides other produce, ♦*• uiieat yielding 32^ bushels to the acre. u The climate of Manitoba is warm in summer and cold in winter. The soi mean is 05° to 07", which is very nearly the same as that of the State of New York.. Bat in winter the thermometer sometimes sinks to 30° and 40° below zeiov. Tht? atmosphere, however, is very bright and dry, and the sensation of cold is not so«b- pleasant as that of a cold temperature in a humid atmosphere. Warm clciiangj. especially in driving, and warm houses are, however, required. Manitoba is one of the absolutely healthiest countries on the globe, ami piemaoi^' to live in. There is no malaria, and there are no diseases arising out of, or pesuiMa. to, either the Province or the climate. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Very little snow falls on the prairies, the average dejith being about 10 ov 1?^ inches. It is a commoji error with Europeans and Eastern Canadians to imagine ftha'x there is a very heavy snowfall during the winter in Manitoba, when the truth Ds tlte/;< we do not know what it is to have a railway blockaded with that frigid article. TTkri- Dominion meteorologist, in his report for 1884, gives the following informatiwa a*a this point : YEARLY RAIN AND SNOWFALL IN INCHES. No. of No. of _ . Rain. days. Snow. days. Ontario 23.77 84 89.6 48 Quebec 26. 12 99 130.3 69 New Brunswick 38.21 119 89.5 oft NovaScotia 41.72 114 79.1 40 Prince Edward Island 38.83 152 75.0 75 Newfoundland . , 48.46 1 14 123*6 63: British Columbia 14.18 61 17.8 16 Manitoba I8.0» 49 45.^ 3<» PROFESSOR FREAMVS OPINION. Professor Fream, of the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, England, sayj- : "Nothing in connection with the Northwest is, perhaps, more misapprehended a? home than the nature of its climate. Old notions, and particularly erroneous c«es ,, die hard. That in the Northwest the thermometer as a rule gives higher readings ir./ the summer and lower in the winter than we are accustomed to in the old countiy is^ perfectly true, but in estimating the character of a climate it is wrong and misleading:', to be guided by the thermometer alone. The atmosphere possesses other propeitiesr' liesides temperature ; it can tell a tale to other meteorological instruments besides the thermometer. On physical grounds, it is easy to understand how the dwellers in the- Northwest can endare a winter temperature which in our own climate would be intoS - erable— the dryness of the atmosphere is their protection. "Moreover, the frost which locks up the ian,' for months in the winter is really s>% serviceable friend to the prairie farms. The moisture which permeates the soiJa expands in the act of freezing, and this causes a minute separalion or disrwptior:^ amongst the particles of ploughed earth, so that when the thaw comes they fail apai's in a desirable state of tilth which it is well nigh impossible to bring about by the worK,. of any agricultural implement. Frost is a good servant to farmers, and one tha'-x. works without pay." REV. HENRY WARD BEECHER'S OPINION. The Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, the eminent American divine, visited Mankohf-s in 1883, and, speaking before the Brooklyn (United States) Academy of Music, t " 15 % taie fallowing references to the country : " It has been supposed, even up to a very period, that the Northwestern portion of our continent must be given up to ■ and to desolation. We have vary few American towns that can surpass Win- TO^^, whether you view its business houses or the residences of its wealthy citizens. 2 Bocognized hardly anywhere else in the West such magnificent houses and homes aa «ic seen in this new city in the wilderness scarcely ten years old. All that I saw, all ^bait I leaimed, tilled me with surprise as well as gratification. One of ihe revelations to me was the fact that instead of this Nor-thwcstern territory being a wilderness a desolation it is the very paradise of wheat on this globe, and nowhere else in • own land and nowhere else abroad is there any such wheat field which includes tfae territory on the north and south of the great Canadian Pacific Railroad." BOSTON HERALD'S OPINION. Ati American paper, the Boston Herald ^ says: "The representations made of ^iwters of such severity that neither nature nor man can withstand their forces, are *tfae metest bosh." Most British people who have lived long enough in the country to overcome feel- vamgc of homesickness, express their preference for the climate over that of England ; "wfintst settlers from the Eastern Provinces of Canada almost invariably admit their .porference for it over that of the part from which they come. The snow goes away vjtoA ploughing begins fr jm the first to the latter end of April, a fort-.iight earlier than ^ft ftlie Ottawa region. The Red River opens at about the same time, or a fortnight •easAiei than the opening ot the Ottawa. The summer months are part of May, June, ,^aiy, August and September. Autumn lasts until November, when the regular frosts :««t in. The harvest takes place in August, and lasts till the beginning of September. THE SOIL. t NATURE OF SOIL. The soil is a -'.ch, deep, black, argillaceous mould, or loam, resting on a deep «a»fi very tenacious clay subsoil. It is among the richest, if not the richest, soil in lithe world, and especially adapted to the growth of wheat. Analyses by chemists in "Scotland and Germany have established this. This great richness of the prairie soil eg to Stonewall oq q West Selkirk Branch * . 22.0 f-nicrson Branch '..*!.*,!,'.' UO VVinnii)eg to Deloraine 202.8 H<)senfcldt to Gretna ]4.7 Winnipeg to Glonlxno 105.2 EUn Creek to Maryland * , . '. 5.3 "Z. A total of 751.5 MANITOBA & NORTU WESTERN RAILWAt^. ., . _ . , „ Miles. Mam Line from Portage la Prairie to Langenburg 180 5 Slifll River Branch to Rus.sell 11..*$ Sa.skatchewan & Western Railway (operated by M.&N.VV.). 15.4 207.2 The objective point of this system is Prince Albert, about 430 miles Irom PoriaiM )o Prairie. ^^ THE HUDSON BAY RAILWAY I« built for a distance of 40.3 miles in a northwesterly direction. NORTHERN PACIFIC & MAl^ITOBA SYSTEM. ,„. . Miles, Wmnipeg to West Lynne , 66 Red River Valley (Pcrtage Exten>inion Government :— Winnipeg. — H. II. Smith, Commissioner. " —A. W. Whitcher, agent. Birtle.— W. G. Pentland, Agent. Manitou— George Young, Agent, (DuflTerin District). Minncdosa — W. M. Ilillard, Agent, (Little Saskatchewan district). Brandon— W. II. Iliani, Agent, (Souris District). Turtle Mountain — John Fletcher, Agent. MANITOBA GOVERNHIENT LAND^. What are known as "swamp lands" are being conveyed by the Dominion Gov- cniment to the Local Government. Many of these lands are not swamp lands at all, but are valuable for farming purposes. At the present time 113,220 acres have been iOBveyed to the Manitoba Government, but as the sur'-eyors' reports are received and t 19 7- il. the transfers effected, the acreage will constantly be added to. Full particular! at these lands may he obtained on aj lication to the Land Commissioner, Hon. /oc Martin, Winnipeg. €. P. R. L4NI)H. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company and the Manitoba & Southwestern RaiV- way have together about 2,500,000 acres of land for sale in the Province, at pricet ranging from about $3 per acre ujiwards, These lands have been carefully ixloeieA by the company in the best part., of the Province. The terms of payment are vetf easy— one-tenth down and the balance in annual instalments. Full particulars may be obtained of the lantl commissioner, Mr. L. A. HamtlUM, C p. R. Station, Winnipeg. THE €AN4D1 NORTHWEST LAND <^'0. has reserved for selection within the Province about 1,000,000 acres of splendid a(»ri- cukural lands, all carefully selected some three or four years since. Thc-y range ix price from $.5 an acre tipwards, but as the shares of the company are accepted ia |»a«. ment at par, and as these shares can be bought about 40 or 50 per cent, below imj, the price of these lands is really reduced by about one-half. Full information will be gladly given by the managing director of the corapwy, Mr. W. B. Scarth, M P., 624 Main Street, Winnipeg. THE HUDSON BAY CO. have lands for sale in nearly every township in the Province. At the time Mankoltt entered Confederation one-twentieth of the land area was apportioned to the iludsoa Bay Company, and their grant comprises all varieties and qualities. The land com- missioner is Mr. C. J. Brydges, Main Street, Winnipeg, and he will be glad to answer all enquiries. MANITOBA & NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY, starting from Portage la Prairie and running in a northwesterly direction, has a land grant within the Province of about 500,003 acres. The prices vary from $3 to $4 j.a acre upwards, and the payments, if desired, are spread over a number of years. The landsof this company are admirably adapted both for whc growing and stock OLbir ing, and in many parts are well wooded and watered. Mr. A. F. Eden, 622 Main Street, Winnipeg, is the land commissioner, and any enquiries addressed to him will be cheerfully attended to. WINNIPEG COLONIZATION COMMITTEE. The Joint Colonization Committee of the Winnipeg City Council and the Boarrf of Trade is making strenuous efforts to settle the vacant lands within a radius of H miles of the city of Wiunipeg. The committee controls some 300,000 acres of hni, at prices ranging from $2.50 to $8 per acre. Through the efforts put forward last year to settle the v.icant lands, very gooi progress was made, and among the scores who were fortunate in securing a locatim adjacent to the metropolis, the most general satisfaction obtains. There are many advantages in securing a farm near a city where schooling facilities 4ft afforded and where a market is easily accessible. A speedy settlement of the vacant lands sur- rounding the cities and towns is looked for. Winnipeg, however, is the only ckf arounci which a large area ot the lauds arc still unsettled . For fall particulars apply to the secretary, C. N. Bell, City Hall, Winnipeg. i It must l>e understood that the Manilolia Government hu no interest whatever J\ the »4le of any of these lands — except those mentioned as Manitol)a (lovernment Innds— and the foregoing information is given solely in the hope of directing and asjiisting incoming settlors. Land can also l)c brought in all parts of the Province from private parlies. The oflicials of the various immigration committees formed in diflerent towns and municipaliiies and in mos» cases the reeves or clerks of these municiiKtlities, will be glad to give information to incoming settlers regarding lands for homestead, rent or sale in thci-, respective districts. The Manitoba Government has an Inieliiger.cf Department on the C. P. R. platform at Winnijicg, and the oflicials will lie delighted to see incoming settlers an( give them all the information and assistance in their power, or by application to the Department of Agriculture, valuable informalio'i can be given as to lands for sale in the various parts of the i'tuvioce. WHEAT. It is sometimes said by apparently well educated people tltat wheat will n«t "row in Manitoba, or at any rate that it is not a sure crop. This is quite a mistake, she best refutation of which will Ijc found in the figures lurnishcd the Manitoba De- partment of At;MCulture by about 500 reliable correspandents resident in nearly eveiy town^ihip in the Province. From these figures we find that in 1887 there were under wheat 43'J,1S4 acres, yielding as nearly ^s can be ascertained al)out 14,000,0'')0 bushels, or 32.4 biishels per acre. This year it is estimated some 520.000 acres are under wheat, but it is too early yet to make any definite statement as to the yield. It is, however, safe to say that Jt will not l)e so heavy as last year, but there is very little doubt that owing to ihe huiher prices obtained the Province will net a much larger sum for the wheat crop of '88 than for that of '87. Red Fyfe wheat, "No. 1 Manitoba Hard," is the principal variety sown, and is generally conceded to be the very best ivheat the ivorld produces. It is in great de- mand in Eastern Canada, Great Britain and the States for milling purposes, an^ eommauds a ready sale at higher prices than any other known variety. OATS AND BARLEY. In 1887 there were 155,176 acres of oats, v ith an average yield of about .'50 {lushels per acre. This year there are supp(.f ::a to be about ; T0,u00 acres of oats. In 1887 there were 56,110 acres o. i,u/icy, with an average yield of about 36 to 40 bushels pet acre. This year it is estimated there are 70,000 acres of barley. Oats grow wonderfully well in Manitoba. It was nothing uncommon last year to meet men who had 70 and 80 bushels of oats to the acre, whilst some had even as high as 100 bushels. Large quamities of oats are annually shipped from Manitoba to the Western Territories, and very considerable quantities were last year shipped to Ontario. The cultivation of barley is just now receiving much attention in the Province. It is found that Maui'.oba barley is the best on the continent. See what the Domin- ion Government ha< to say on the matter in Bulletin No. 2, dated 15th September, ItjcT issued b" Prof. Saunders director of the Central Government Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 31 "Invitations were iMued lo farmers and others to tend samples of ^riin to be vested as to vitality and germituttiig jxjwers. One hundred and elghtyscvL-n .samploi were received, princifralfy f«)ni Oniatio and ManUol«. Th«e seeds wt.-' '"••und to vary as to vitality, some'ix-ing nearly perfect while others were worthless from the Ion of all germinating powers. The sjieciinens sent from Manitoba and t' .^ Northwe«t Territories showed a higher a. -erai^e of vitality than those from the Kastcri Provinces «f the Dominion, an indication r>( the correctness of the opinion that ^^ra,n grown in lUffthern couniries possesses more vigor and vitality than that produced in more south- ern latitudes, which makts it v<;ry valuable for seed. Further remark is unnecessary. As a country for the pro not surpawed. Peas and flax have also been raised successfully, but not on a large scale. ROOTS, ETO. It is sometimes asked, can roots be successfully cultivated In Manitoba ? Cer- tainly they can. In few places belter. Take potatoes. Last year there were 10,791 seres, with an average yield of "i:^ liushels per acre. We had over 2,500,000 l)ushels of potatoes la^t year, and exported A great many of them to Ontario. Manitoba potatoes grow (o a large si/c, and are very dry and menly. Last year 3 and 4 pound potatoes were regularly met with, whilst in some instances potatoes were reported over fl pounls in weight. This year -{'88) the crop is not so large. The average yield of turnips in 1887 was 360 bushels per acre. Hiangolds " " 434 •• " ♦• " carrots " «' 301 " " beets 280 It should, however, be stated jtbat up to the present, with the exjpeption of pota- toes, field roots have not been cultivated to any great extent ; for the simple reason 4hat until within the last two years cattle were not kept in large numbers, and farmed Averc devoting their attention almost exclusively to grain raising. The warm days, and the long hours of sunshine during the Manitoba summer, are specially favorable to the growth of roots and vegetables, and nearly all the varieties produced in Ontario can be produced here, and attain a very large growth. M.ist farmers now have very large, well kept gardens, in which all kinds of fruits, *S (A ^•5 3 ^ gE « o 5- «• s O O IB H «l c o •£•2 H o •o « o V 4) CX4 > 5 o o 5 j3 ■3 c II "3. 1-£§ rt o ■"• -c O Mil o > X c i" > t - 14 ;— u CT3 o'_ " O rt ■ ./, S-G • > n g t> 3 'J 5 u M : 3 : o . u . C/) o o c c 5 * !2 o c •§ a tt n a s ;2 a c s e o c <« S e o •S U o V c o ."2 H J" o 2 01 II c c .::i< C o U * (Hi B o B rt u c u Q 5 B in O ^4 o ■• These could be supplemented by many other letters of a annecessary to add more. Stock raising pays well. similar nature. It is 23 ■• DAIRYING, ETC. in„ riT/^'f foregoing remarks referring to live stock it will be gathered that dairy. quesUons^:! ^'^' ^''^'' ' ""'"^"' "^ ''^'^'"^ ^'^^"^'^^^ ^'^^^ ^■'■^^^i '^^^i 1. What is your opinion of Manitoba as a dairying country > 2. Have you plenty of water on your farm, and if so, how obtained ? A great many replies were received, of which we append a few •— Name and Addrkss. Mani'ioha. Geo. II. Halse, Brandon. J. Q. Sumner, Arnaud... fohn Kemp, Austin W. B. Hall, Headingly.... Win. Corbctl, Springfield. . Geo. G. Downie, Crvstal City ; ... Norris Fines, Balnjoral. . . S. W. Chambers, Watts- view , DaIRYIxNG. Water. Ves, from a well 30 feet deep. A good place, but milking cows require extra ft»od in the fall. I Can't be beaten AllI can use, from a well 63 feet deep, made with a 14- F. W. Stevenson, Hill \'iew Robert Campbell, Bridge Creek r. J. ^tcNaughton, Raven Lake Could not be better Very good Weil adapted to it in all its departments , . . , Cannot be beaten. Just the place Splendid place, as cow« I'od on the native grasses- yield a large quantity of veiy rich milk None better ; cows make more butter here than in Ontario None better Eminently suited to dairy «"g inch augur ; cost $35. Well, I'ifeotdeep. Assiniijoine Riven Plenty, from a well 40 feet deep. River and deep well. Well 8 feet deep. Spring at the house and creek for farm. Plenty, well 12 feet deep. Constant spring. Shoal Lake. Off/' *M ^.T^"j"" Exhibition in Toronto in '87, and also at the Provincial at Ottawa, Manitoba butter took the nrst prizes against all comers «f„ J f -T f?? ""r^^^^ industry is yet only in its infancy in Manitoba, but from returns furnished the Department of Agriculture, Winnipeg, there were in 1887 six creameries and twenty-two c ^se factories in the Province of Manitoba, This number has been added to considerably in 1S8S. IS POULTRY Thnve wonderfully ,n Manitoba, and for years to come there is likely to be a laree market for eggs, for it is known the United States has been for yeai-s a very large im- porter oi this ccmunncuty, not only fioin Canada but also from Europe. In a country where so much grain is raised as in Manitoba, and where the climatic conditions are favorable, it dots am will pay well to raise poultry when carried on in a business-like Z^}' A f "\'" uT'^-r^ '' reported to ship, in the season, every ten days, one carload of eggs to the Pacihc coast. / « * 24 25 SUCCESS OF SETTLERS. The following questions were asked of a number of farmers in 1887 :— 1. When did you settle in Manitoba ? 2. How much capital had you ? 3. What do you consider the present value of your farm? 4. What is the general nature and depth of soil on your farm ? The subjoined are a few of the replies received. Taken in conjunction with the facts stated in other parts of this pamphlet they surely demonstrate that Manitoba M the country to go to : Name and Address. Manitoba, R. Dunsmore, Bridge Creek Harold Elliott, Morden. . . T. D. Perdue, Richlands.. R. S. Conklin, Sunnyside. . B. R. Hamilton, Neepawa. Alf. Walker, Shepardville . . D. D. Buchanan, Griswold. S. F. Burgess, Seebi'm .... J. G. Elliott, Shadeland... Chas. Findlay, Shoal Lake. P. J. McNaughton, Raven Lake ,. .. John George, Nelson James Laidlaw, Clearwater. Andrew Johnson, Mowbray. Alex. Naismith, Mill ford. . Geo. M. Yeomans, Dal ton. Chas. C. Oke, Fairwood. , Wm. Thompson, Holland. . Thos. Frame, Virden Thos. Hagyard, Pilot Mound Richard Browa, Langvale. . O w ■-) H H bd Z B < 18S0 1880 1881 1876 1880 1882 1880 1882 1880 1879 1882 1877 1881 1880 1880 1873 1882 ' 1882 1882 1878 1882 None $400 800 None None 500 None 200 None 200 150 None 800 2,000 1,500 2,000 100 1,000 800 300 800 id 5 < > Character of soiu $2,000 Black loam, 18 in. deep. 2,000jLevel prairie, sandy soil. 1,600 Clay loam, 2 ft. deep. 3,000 Heavy black loam, 16 in. to 4 ft I deep. 2,000,Rich black loam, 18 in. deep, with , clay subsoil. 3,000 Black mould 2% feet thick, with clay subsoil. A heavy dark, sometimes mixed with sand. One foot of black loam with clay subsoil. Black clay loam, from 2 to 7 feet deep. Black loam, 1 to 2 feet deep. 1,200 2,000 10,000 6,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 5,000 4,000 12,000 3,500 5,000 6,000 4.000 Black loam, about 18 in. deep^ clay subsoil. Deep clay loam. Deep black clay loam. Black loam, 2 feet deep with clay subsoil. Black loam, 1 to 2 feet deep, over- laying Clay. Surface mellow, rich and black; subsoil, porous clay. About 16 in. of rich, black loam j hills gravelly. Sandy loam of great depth. Clay loanij with sandy clay subsoil. Black clay loam. 4,80U|Sinl varying from light to heavy, and 12 in. to 24 in. in depth. 26 Mr. Norman Macauley, of Kenmay, Manitoba, recently furnished the following ^formation resi^ecting himself to A. J. McMillan, the Emigration Commissioner o«i olo T '°^? Ooyernmant. He says« " I came to Winnipeg on the 27th of ^pril, IS8^. I arrived in the country without means, and had to send some monev home. For two years I worked round, and at Mie end of that time had saved $650. ' I then, n May 1884 went to Brandon, where I met an old friend who had a half section of S cirwl ' n "• "''' '° "^"'^ "^l" ^''"- ^ ^''' '°' purchasing 160 acres of iiis ianci S^.i n^:.on '' r«f ""^r 3 township 10, range 20, west. I have now a half ection (.i20 acres) ofMand I have on my farm a frame house 14x18, with a lean-to 14 feet long, a log stable 20x28, and a granary 18x24. 1 have four horses and three :olts, five cows, two calves, and a complete set of implements necessary to work 20O $4 TOO ■' ''""°""' ^ ^^^^ """^^ cultivation. I consider I am worth about In the spring of 1887 a party of emigrants came out from the old country with Mr. wf^h '"?• ^T ^^ — "^ ""i^'- '? ^V^*-* ^^^" "P'"^°" regarding the country whon they elt they had been in it sufficiently long to enable them to form an opinion. Many- DiltrTct"^"^ "deceived. Here is one from a young fellow who settled in the Rapid City- n... M ivf nf-n «r,- T Brandon, Man., Sept. 20th, (888. Dear Mr. McMillan— When I came out with you in March, 1887, you asked me- CO write you my opinion of the country of Manitoba when I had lived there Ion.' enough to forni one. My belief is that it is just the country for any hardworking, Jteady man There are undoubtedly opportunities for advancement there not pos- jessed by older countries. It is a beautiful, heaUhyand fertile country. The cliuiate 15 no doubt cold in winter, but I infinitely prefer it to a wet and foggy winter in Ene- and. It IS my intention to homestead a quarter section next spring, and I confident- ly look forward to my prospects in Manitoba. Remaining, Sir, yours truly, •WM n/r T T^ T^ „ , . Frank Brown. When Mr. J. D. Russel), of Portage la Prairie, was in Ontario last September with a i^orlion of the Manitoba exhibit, he received a letter telling him that " Messrs Carruth & Brown, of Portage la Prairie, had just threshed this season's wheat.* \i?^y f^a 180 acres which yieldeil 42 bushels per acre, and for \Hiich they were offered 95c. at the threshing machilTe." In other words, these gentlemen realized for ;heir wheat crop alone in 1888 the sum of $7,182. PRESENT PROSPECTS FOR SETTLERS. OPINIONS OF 9TAYORS AND REEVES. In August last, a circular was issued from the Toronto office of the Manitoba Oovernment, asking a number of representative gentlemen in Manitoba for au answer to the following question : «'What are the present prospects for settlers in Manitoba ? Appended are a few of the replies received. James Molland, Reeve of Glendale— " The present prospects good. Land ad vancmg steadily m price. Gooil demand for labor with high wages. General sud plies reasonable. » f P. Strang, Reeve of Arg}-le—" Farmers here are making money, if they are thrifty and hard working, and at the same time knosv their Inisiness. Many mei> who came here poor now own a team of horses, from 8 to 10 head of cattle, wagon ileigh, p ough, set of harrows, oinder, mower and horse rake, with good log housc- and out-buildings and 30 or 40 acres fenced for pasture." James Johnson, Reeve of Riverside—" Present prospects are good. To intend- ing settlers, or those who intend to change their location, would advise trying Mani- toba, and any who are careful and industrious and intend to make their living by farming will not be disappointed. I have located a grea» number of my friends here from Ontario during my seven years' residence in this country, and not one of then* would go back to farm, m Ontario." 27 ids(^owne— " The present prospects for settler* before. Nine out of ten of the people who R. A. Vanblaricom, Reeve of Lands(^owne- are much better than they ever were before, i^me out or ten or tne people settled in this part of Manitoba ten years ago were people who were only able to buy an ox team and a cow, with no more than enough money to support themselves and families the first year. These same people are to-day in far better shape financially than the average farmer in Ontario, and their prospects for the future are always get- ting better as they increase in wealth and get more ground under cultivation, whereai the Ontano farmer has no chance of increasing his acres and is thought to be dome well if he keeps out of debt." D. Peters, Reeve ot Douglas—" Present prospects are better than ever." Thomas Nichol, Reeve of Oakland — " I had the experience in Ontario of going upon a new farm, and must state for the benefit of those who have to make a new start in life, that to buy land east at a high price, or to go upon timbered land to make a home, is a great mistake while prairie lands are to be had. Ontario people all suc- ceed here. Very few are dissatisfied." A. C. Fraser, Esq., Mayor of Brandon— " Present prospects are first-class. Our country has some drawbacks, but as far as my experience goes it is one of the best on the American continent. There are particularly good openings in this district for cheese and butter factories." ADVICE TO INTENDING IMMIGRANTS. WHO SHOULD COME. As a rule, if a man is doing really well, is happy and prosperous, he should stay where he is, for the chances are he might not improve his lot by moving to another and newer country. There are, however, sometimes exceptions to this rule. CAPITALISTS. If a man wishes to invest capital there are probably few places where he can do sc to greater advantage than in Manitoba, and in the whole history of the Province there was never a time when the capitalist had such splendid opportunities as he has to-day. PROSPEROUS IIEA1>S OF FAMILIES. Then, again, many a man who would scarcely perhaps be ranked as a capitalist, but who nevertheless is himself successful in his calling in life, does not see in oldei settled communities the chance he desires for giving his children a start in life. Such men, if they come to Manitoba in a right spirit, are almost certain to succeed, and their children will beyond a doubt have much better opportunities than they could possibly have in the more thickly populated centres of Europe or Eastern Canada. FARMERS' SONS. Farmers' sons who have not the necessary capital to make a start on a farm at home should come to Manitoba, which is generally admitted to be the finest agricul- tural country on the North American continent. Let them come determined to work hard for two or three years, and then independence will almost certainly be assured. WORKING MEN. Working men will be warmly welcomed too, and in a very short time will cease to work for others and strike out on their own account. Speaking generally, it is not advisable for mechanics and those engaged in the lighter industries to come to Mani- toba, unles -*hey are prepared to tak^e up farm work in case they cannot meet with anything ii~neir own particular line. Sometimes the demand for mechanics is ic excess of the supply and high wages are paid, but the demand fluctuates. WOMEN. Of all classes, those for whom there is the greatest demand are women. The dfr mand for women is practically unlimited. There are hundreds of comfortable homej 26 ft.i respectable young women, as wailresses in boarding houses, as helpsjn farm fcouses, and as domestic servants. TliC Women's Christian Temperance Union in b resohitrbn passed in Septemlier, 1887, said : " There is a great demand for respect- able young women as domestic servants. • • • There will be no difli- cuhy in securing comfortable homes for large numbers of respectable girls and yoang women." Remuneration ranges from $8 to $20 per month. The princioal reason for the continuous demand is this : That young women scarcely get well settled in a situation, when they leave it to take charge of a home of their own, in other word.v /»/ married. CLASSES NOT INVITED. The classes we do not advise to come out are professional men, clerks and mechanics, if their intention js to follow only their own particular business. Nor would we invite women of a class who cannot or will not engage in household work. Every year large numbers of young men leave their old homes in search of new- kinds where they may found homes for themselves. Fathers of families who find it all they can do to make ends meet, and see but slight chances for their chili' ven, also. do the same. To all who are seriously thinking of taking such a step, the una great question is WHERE SHALL I €!0 ? TO MANITOBA. There are several you should do so. reasons why _ , . m the fir.t place, the natural resoures of the country are as great, probably greater, than those of any other part of the North American continent. The soil of Manitoba is exceed- ingly rich, and is generally admitted to be far superior to that of Dakota or Minne- sota and the States to the south. Then in the matter of climate we are peculiarljr favored by comparison with those States and Territories to the south, where cyclone* and blizzards are so destruclive of life and property. Men can come up here with but little capital, and in a few years they can be independent. You are not asked to take unsupported testimony for that, but are given the names and addresses of men well known in their respective loralities, telling what they have accomplished. VVkit they have done others may still do. To all these natural advantages may be added the fact tlifit the hardships of pioneering are scarcely felt now m Manitoba. Railways, schools, churches, an business men in the city. P.O. Box 650. JAMES SCOTT, Cor. Main ^ Queen St. R. ■^THE^ QUEENS 7HE MOST COMFORTABLE AND BEST APPOINTED HOTEL IN THE NO^TH-WEST. HEATED THROUGHOUT BY HOT WATER. GREAT FAVORITE WITH TOURISTS. FREE 'BUS TO TRAINS. ^ BATHS AND ALL MODEPN CONVENIENCES. WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. O'CONNOR & BROWN, Proprietors. THE LELAND HOUSE. THE POrur.AK HOTKL OF THK NORTH-WEST. *ATHS, CI.OSKTS AND ALT. CONVliNIEXCKS. CKNTUALI.Y T.OCATED. GKADUATED PRICKS. FREE 'BUS TO TRAINS. WINNIPEG, MAN. W. D. DOUGLAS & CO. NEW DOUGLASS HOUSE, p. STARKE Y & CO., Proprietors. -Tfcii Popular Hotel is in the Best Business Portion of the Gity ; has been recently refurnished, and is one of the Most Comfortable' in Winnipeg. Baths and C'osets on each door. MOUSE HEATED BY STEAM. FREE 'BUS TO AND FROM ALL TRAINS. ELECTRIC BELLS. CHARGES MODERATE. \l 81 G. R. Howard, BiRRISTER, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, >ND CONVKYANCF.R, McINTYRE BLOCK, 416 MAIN ST. WINxMl'EG, MANITOBA. Money to Loan ori Improved City and Farm Property. HODGSON, SUMNER & CD. IMPORTERS OP British, French, Gf.rman, amd America.n dry GOODS- Small Warf.s and Fancy Goom^ Toys, I'ii'es, Shawls. Wholesale Only. 38 Princess St., - Wij^hipel J. ENRIGHT & BROTHER, IMPORTERS OF SALE STABLES : OOR. WILLIAM & ADELAIDE 8T8 , West of City Hall, WINNIPEG, MAN, ^EjID'^^TJ^JLIRT) ZLi. ID3?SE''^7U^I^"^'S 'HllD^U^rCXDJD BIESE'^'U^EIS'^ WINNIPEG, MANITOBA. r/l^E ALES, EXTRA PORTER AND PREMIUM LAGER. ■ICheat Cash Price paid for Good Malting Barley . Choice Halt for Sal*.. The most extensive esUablishment of the kind in Wci^tern Canada. \ 32 The Freehold Loan and Savings Company J'.-.rk-iii, A. r. K('i,i..N. Vice.Pre»ident. C. H. Goodkriiam. Man -tr, ... Hon. S. C. Wood. M/wi«y nrlvrti ■>(! .m Iiiii.r.,ve(1 Farm I.aiidN on easy torms of repayment. Actual Settlers on oIHmiii iiioriey .it lnwct < urrRsit r.iten to assist in p.iymcnl for lands. Head Office for Manitoba, • - Winnweq. RUSSELL & COOPER, . . General Agents for Manitoba. MAH.ITOBA I^EAL EST/[E COMP/NY, LIMITED, •i-f;=r' AND - — ^£iJ--a MANITOBA MopAGE COMPANY, LIMITED, Of London and Winnipeg. Farms for sale or to rent in all parts of the Pro- vince on very easy terms. Mofley to lend on the most advantageous terms. Short date loans a specialty. L. M. LEWIS. Manager, Scottish Manitoba & Nortli-West Real Estate Company Ld. Hkao Ovvuv.: H7 Ca.tle St., F.-.liiilurjih, Mai;r,4i;, Kictt tit. Ri.iinie, .^oc-retaries. Canadian Office : 357 Main St., Winnipeg. Wm.J. Akin. Manager. FARMING LANDS. This C'unp.-^ny owns a large quantity of Farming Lands in the most desirable Pistrirts of the f'rovinoe, the greater portion of them being located in close proximity to Towns and Railway .Stations, and also in the immediate vicinity of Winniijeg. which they are offering at low prices and on the most favorable terms as to payment, Full information furnished on application to either offices. I * Ifer *ICOM|!fiN0«D TO CALL AT THg WEST HEAD OFFICE OF THE il/. M. assey IVI anufacturing jCo., Market Square, - Wiknjpeo. v i OR AT THEIR LOCAL OFFICES THROUGHOUT TH» r-nii»».» WHERE THEV WIU MCEi?i MUCH J^^^at »' INFORMATIOM AND. BE ABLE to WSPECT THE r)eiy WHICH IS SO MCTENSIV6I.y USED W FRAIRIE r>.r..«iNa 1^ leters, Self-fihidlDl tfartnters, to., «c FAOtOilr~TO«e*