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Jo "^v ^ — ]Blomuiotv Ml NA 3 ,yi£^ "^^t^, £7^ fSaMlnverrMc i) \ i? ■''T'f**!^ /'***''sG?'f^"'f/ Basin. "l ''^^i*^'«L*^ ^^y*>KiH() sport \ o laM^e^ tf, i^«"/i?^jn """'"'A entsport S ^^^ j I ^ / iJebr "^ ' .^^. \ AN ^1 / I *^ i SprinOfield k, \ ^titlruL.^ J\;r ' ' / Mgetvutei intsport IVindso^l^Uunctiorv 1 V-'r'H 3arnnito/iJ 6? " 7urne) ^ .OPYc -•^ ^. '^4^ ^ «^'^. AT CS»2fle^ %^ Mr ^ ^ sK* C.SamJbro. ^ fV, C?. r*!-/ -^ -fiT* I ■Po rw rt lit n TTi Ig^ 5 MU M hi B R ujv s wr c jf T I C C E Jl jv Statute Miles. I P 5 10 • 20 30 J'. ,v^r B Hf^.^S ^^/ C /c '.do hfnt C.Chujnedb ^' \J ^ \nA ^v '\ hrrshvrrf 4)xford7iJnn<-fiQn yYiill vV». ft ^p ^K^^^^^^^^^f'nJ^ /'**'Vl''f'^'"^ Basin. / /^ ondonderrtf ,1 \At l\ic[liux ^ ,^^ ,_ , ^ ^ ^... . - - -' ^^^^'''^^ ' ■ ^ inUport \ u'ld^ •* O V ;/?>« Lnttding Trf_ mstrilli 'evsGtfxsftt^W ^^ ,C^ \ L< \(/(/(i ?mite/ Jli^hbrirrU(^'c R t^- l(a/i> 4Utte^ s ^^a Windso^fUunctiorv H (f^ A L • J r p XaHTencetom c. Q \ To ■s ^ (Gold f'cu/ C.Samhro ^ vl Tangier s v. ^ J< TV fi_r, T Euimk Cohi^nrille Country^ ^' ^ /^ ,^^ ^^C^UOWV^' £? .flS^ ^. o o ^ -ffO K^.' ^y- fv.^ *v^ -^^^ ^ JV T J C c Province of Nova Scotia I P 5 bud H-M-L:: ijlaiule MiJes. 10 • 20 30 40 Lmuting V C Jibrttv ^'^-^^. C E ^ N [A. ' Jir-atVAt^ t>.v ^.K.X>^sify' iMk "EC? ^jj^Tj / ll' ' ' » \ n % NOVA SCOTI )*f*^!*f*/t;«f,t^^^ Its Agricultural Resou rees. f*i*ftj«i*ftftfe^ftftft BY Secretary for Agriculture, Nova Scotia. \ "b ^^ HALIFAX, N. s. COMMLSSIONER OF PuBLIC W oRKs AXD Mines, QUEENS' PRINTER. 1898. iotoie Sir, prep may Jaboi for S( To H 910101 1 OFFICE FOR AGRICULTURE. S,„__ "'"''''• ^' «■■ Oct. 10th, 1898. ^or settlers onLtlt^'^'^^''''^ ^''^^ ™^"^ -^"-nents I Jiave the honor to be Sir, Your most obedient servant, B- W. CHIPMAN, S^<=r^tary for Agriculture. To Hon. George H. Murray, ^'■'"'i^r and Provincial Secretary. c 1 o V INTRODUCTION. From many enquiries from Great Britain, as well a^ other countnes, I have felt the want of a sketch in pamphlet firm of the Agr,c„ltural portions of Xova Seotia D Gi t™ D puty C„mm,ssi„ner of Mines, having issue,! one, givi„ra o ::; ntrheT' "7- »■•«»-• I "ad hop«,;LtsTm: one nav.nff the time and means to go into every countv and ^ther the facts, might take up the matter of oufA"iel„ra1 resources. Meantime, in the absence of thi., much needed work, I w,ll undertake to give some f„.ts gather d by obesr iime I , t '''"'*"*^ '° ""'^ ™ 'his subject at the time. I took no notes, and will speak entirely from memorv from ^formation gained of our need,s and proLct andlam s ro„g ,„ the belief that Nova Scotia has'a,, g I ' resourL" of wealth as any other Province of the Do.ninion. If we pass over our Mines, especially Coal and Gold our Rsher,es and our Forests, as an Agricultural Provint we can offer .nduceraents to intending settlers second to nole The great tru.t valley from Windsor to Annapolis. upCs of eighty mdes long, and an average of about six 31 w.de, .s not surpassed for apples, "plums, pea«, Ind the (5) 6 muecl farmmg, e»pec>ally dairying. The other portion, of he Provmce that I shall brielly describe, while mor especi'nv suited for mixed fai-.nin<;. such as rrrain m„t= i P™' "^ an<] hn-if u ■ ^. niiLii as grain, loots, sheep rais njr and beef, being .,„ well watered and with such excellenf Rrazmg should be one of the best portions of t Do,n on for producing butter and cheese of the finest quality Even .n the counties outside of what is called the fruit belt suffilent can be i,„sed f |„eal use, and Yarmouth, North Quels L Lunenburg are fast growing for export. A^ui^I °°.7:re "^ P^l"* of our experimental farm in;orta„t'e°:;s"=""^ "^ "•^" "" ™ "^ »-™Se with al, I have long thought and am more than ever convinced that we can c^ler most excellent inducements for a good class o English Scotch, Irish, or German farmers with atiall cap Ha of say from two hundred to two thousand pounds st iZ" settle in Nova Scotia. I may be asked, if you hav ala^d'st productive and flowing with milk and honey, why are f^™ so cheap and in some parts of the province vacant ? L t me answer this by giving the following reasons. Many of the young people of this Province as long as forty years ago began to go to the United States at a L" when work on the farm w.os little better than drudgery farm .mp ements bemg of the crudest kind, before the d'ays^^fTm markets tJ ""'' r"" ""'' ^"'^ ^"^"'''^^ ^^ --''"« rihe , , ""'"n" '""""""^ *° '"""■'^'<' i" "f'er years as the tendency ,n all countries is to go west , the young men of all the eastern States a. well as the eastern PrevinL of Canada have been going further west up to a recent date many doing well and very many more not'as well as those at et well adapted for other portions of lile more especially 'oots, sheep raising- ith such excellent 5 of the Dominion >.st quality. Even ruit belt, sufficient S^orth Queens and experimental farm 3s in Canada, that average with all er convinced that I' a good class of th a small capital ounds sterling, to )u have a land so ^ why are farms i^acant ? Let me vince as long as States at a time I drudgery, farm '■ the days of im- es for reaching i in after years the young men rn Provinces of ) a recent date, well as those at home as we never hear of the great num ber of unfortunate ones Ihe old settlers, especially in the eastern and shore counties making an easy living by doing some fishing, lumbering and some work in mines, have not paid that attention to agriculture required at the pre-^ent time to make it a success, hence many of the best farms have been allowed to run down, cropped out and worn out. until the production has ceased to be a profit some vacant, others occupied by the husband and wife only' the young people having left. Who can wonder that prices of such farms are so very low ? From my own personal experi- ence I have foun« joined to uu^wicK ^^y an isthmus, thn-teen miles w.VIp tk^ coast waters of Xova Scotia are the Gulf of ST alon^ tae shore are smaller harbors eisv of «. t ■ admirable shelter for the hundred; oafish ' T'"^ '" Piy their callin, for the .reat ^tt o the "te T' IS studded with small islands Th • . ?^ "^ ^'^°''® network of !„,«,, .rtc „ Uhol „'« T'" " "™"' "'"■ " rivers nm^f nf ,.,i • u ^ ^" numerous m nor 5 lo 12 m^ T^ u''! "'"'^"^'^ *'°^- ^^'«-" -^««^1« for from to 12 miles. The ch.ef rivers are the Shubenacadie. Avo" 10 Annapolis, LaHave. Mus,uo.lo^,it and ^^n^^'^;^'^ face is moslly hilly, but the lushest ele^at.on is only feet. . T„o cH„„ae „E Nov. Scotia is -';*;'^;'>-™;::;:;t: "Z extrcucs o* teini,omtu.-e a.e , t.t so „»- ^ ^_^^ furthov inlana, wi.ore it ,s »a ject to . ..«o .a ^^^^^^ . the coast the mercury rarely falls to ..e.o, .^^ falls 10- below; in s.nn.ner ,t nses to 90 Fo. ^^^^ the mean temperature of »"'";""■ 'r'^'^^^^Jwlr weather average n,eau annual ten,peratare , about 4- W . lasts generally from December to Mar b. ^ « ^P^^^Tto Novem- baekwar.l,but vegetation ,s very -P; ; ? ™ ""fXte years, ber the weather is very pleasant and '^^'^ f"';^,, ,"j,,, j,„„, ,i„ee the salubrity of our J'"'™ -J^™ ^n y have be^ beauty and piet".es<|uenessof No ahcot .sce^ J ^^^^^^^^ more fully known, it has become a great .e o ^^^^^ tourists f ron> the heat. ;;:^.— ^0^:^^ I recuperate States, who flock to "« / °^ '"'^; J „,,;,,, appeal to the their exhausted powers amidst "=<>"<'■ i„'„,,ich she is lover of nature, in the vaned «-'- "^ " ™ f,^"^, atmosphere, here arrayed, and breathmg a pure "^ j'^^f .^^^^ „j'sova tempered with the ocean b,-eezes That he cl ^ tri;::^-^e^o;fftri::: every community Nova Scotia is noted for the extent and ;a"ety°J il>s natural Its asheries are amorj ^^Z^^^ ,,, '„ „. dtLi^rrirts;^:;:-. that of last ■is': 1 11 year bein^ over two and a r,uarter .nlllions of tons. Gold clepos.ts are found in almost every county of the Province, they.eld of the past year being more than half a niillion c ollars „, value. I'.eside.s coal and gold Nova Scotia has larc^e deposits oi n-on ore of the finest quality, copper, lead, man- ganese Inn^stone, marble, gypsum, freestone. The lund.er H terests of t ,e Province are also extensive and valuable. In addition to all these valuable and varied resources, and before them m uitnns.c vahie, is the great primal industry of Agricul- ture, to winch this pa,uphlet is intended more paHicuirrly to ^ P-'y of Fundy are admirably adapted for the growth of hay The intervale lands all over the Province are rich and productive. The upland is of vary- ing degrees of fertility. Wheat, rye, buckwheat, beans, peas, mdiancorn, together with almost every variety of roots and vegetables, are produced abundantly. Apples, pears, plums and chernes and all the small fruits of temperate clinultes are argely cultivated. The wildwoods, barrens, and pastures are tull of strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries whortle berries and cranberries. Cranberries have recently become an important article of profitable cultivation, not only for home consumption, but for export, in sections of bog land which IS valueless for any other purpose. Away from the sea grapes npen in the open air. and in the world famed fruit region of the Cornwallis and Annapolis Valley, where the apple crop now reaches the vicinity of a million barrels annu- ally, and IS destined in the lapse of a decade or so to reach ten or wenty millions, pears and even peaches are successfully cultivated. Great attention is now given to the cultivation 12 n( fruit the Govcnunent Lavins estublisho,! a School of Horti- ,,uantitie» have l.ee„ shippcl to the Knghsh n,a,k.t. I" 1»J^ the last census year, the fann proancts ■"f"''-"'. «^„'™ t';:hrof«heat,i2T,..0orhavKV,U.^«0ooats..^ lot -34 ,l,„,s of wool. Since that ,h.te the pr„.lact,ou o I; t;;ltrcLese was Uv«ely inerea...! under the st,^^^^^^^ a Provincial bonus of *400 tor theestahhslm.eut ,1 '"•'" '^^'=' S cheese factories, un.ler certain con.lit,.,n». >ov. Scot a ,s l,ti,.e.l to take a hi.-h rank an.on,- the *'''T » '^ ,;/. the won.,, as the natural conditio,, are ^"^l^^::, uUo tn the Di-oper inamteniince ot the btst ciawy " specimens in the Province amply attest. The nonulation ot Nova Scotia at the last census, 1891, was 450 9 I now prohahly halt a nullion. The popu labon o the foUowins pHncipal towns was then ,Mven -">">«- H,UiL the provincial Capital, B8.405 Dartmouth, ly.ng Loss ihe harbor from Haliiax, 4.57« 'n-. »^.0 ■ ^^ mouth, 0,089; Sprin«hill, ^.S'? ' f "''^ '■^'•'r5:2'"ljney. c! 77fi • Piotou 2 998 ; >ort\i Sydney, ipos, , »^y^ '^J' • gow, ^•^J^/''^''"' -'' T ,.,,pool 2,405. Probably all of is still progressing. The e.w,tern counties of the Province proper and the island of ope Breton were originally settled almost exclusively by Scotch, and the central and western counties by English,, 13 :Scotcl., Irisl,. American Loyal i.stva.ul Cana.lian French in Ih^hy and Ynrniouth counties. The census of im ^ave the religions classification of the dis ' f i . '" :• '■''' ■ '''""'^ "^ '^^"^"•'^"•'' «^.*'0 fMetho- ii>HNo4,lD2; Lutheran, o,8S2 ; Con^r,egational. 8,000, The n.an who think, of onn-^.ratin. to Nova Scotia to hotter for unes, n.ust d.vest hi.nself of the too con.non notion in e 01.1 ( onntry. that he will he an.o.,.an uncouth and semi- c Mh.ed people, and that he will have to undergo the hard- ship ot ,.,lat.on f.o.n the con.f.rts of civilization an.l chris i- advance f"",L "'" ""' '^ ^"""^''^ *"'<' ^ I-P"''^^-' ^''-' adNanced and keeping step with the march of progress in tins rapidly n.oving age. Hvery community has its church un.l .ts school, and as small settlements expand in population a 1 other th.ngs are added that go to n.ake up the measux^' ot social and business life. R.ilway lines intersect the Iro! vmce, .nost of the towns are illuminated with the electric hght, almost every village has telephone connection with other vdlages and the capital at Halifax. Every Sunday the massage of Christianity is preached from thousands of pu)! pits, and all the other accessories of religious life and work are kept up incessantly by the representatives of all the sub-divisions of the Christian family. Education i^s not neglected. Each of the eighteen counties has a High School or Academy. There is a Provincial Xor I Sch.01 at Truro. There are also six colleges: Dalhousi College and University at Halifax, which is non-denomina tiona: kings College and University at Windsor. Episcopal" Acadia College at Wolfville, Baptist ; St. Francis' XaTe ' An igonish Roman Catholic ; St. Anne, Digby, Roman Catholic' and a Presbyterian Theological College at Halifax. There are u .U„, B.V,f.KuSc.h,»,. f..rl.«Wu,.l ..,„.,,„ institution tor the Deat in.|,oro the ,.onrest ul ch h u ^^^ ^.^^^ ^_^j o)en,ent.ry .■.lue.t.on !""*-,'»;,! . , ,,^^.„.,,,„„, „it„ „ere 2,:W6 of th»o »ci,ool» o,- '" , ' , t,,,,, ,00M7 of 2,4»5 tuacLers . tlu. ,mi..l» '" "";';' ,,-,, t«,t „,,„„ tl,o ,„„ e,.,iK.™t f ,.,.n u. .;;:;;;;;;;':;,::'»:. „,«,„;ean b. shores ot >ova Seotui ^^>t^l , „,,„„,tter what else beti'les, sure c.- one thh.,. and ^^-^ ^ h^^^^^^^ ^^^^.^ ,^.^, ,,,,, his chiUlven can slmre the blesMn^soi common school education. for Sketch of the Province of Nova Scotia from an Agricultural Standpoint. p.,,.ul,.tK,n, e, „OHti„,„U an.l .ucM a,ivant„Kct „f .V,.v« S,,, i, " u, of the I rov.nc. o,u,t and west, „mkin,. [[.liFux, the pro- v...c„>l ™,„ ,. , the sfuti,,,- point, ,.,„| f,,,,,;,;, j,,; |,.„J™ » tU-Ve 1 '■'""'?. '■'"'" ''■ """ "'■ ""-• "-'"t-eol,! 1, Piovniee, and the other one, tl,e Don,i„ion Athmtic with i ° llieyboth „,,ea common hne as far as Windsor Junction ourteen nule,, f,,,n, the city, and then radiate east an test respectively. Kollowinff the Intercolonial we fln.l the count" v rocky, barren and unproductive, hut excedingly p ict nr,, ^e throned, the lake region, until we reach OakHeR ,vh he sod besms to show evidence of being productive. At Enfield, 28 nn'les from Halifax, the farms are all well table T^. "'""',"' '"^; *"■"'" """ "" ■^°^" °f ™'"» -I vrge tables. T..O nu es furtheron Ehn,sdale is reached, a village of ^bout two hun.lred inhabitants. Here the ext nt o farm lands w,dens, running west into the fertile county of Hante (15) A IG and east in a good fanning region in Halifax county*. The land is uniformly good ; farms range in size from 75 to 200 acres, with comfortable buildings, and in value from 81,000 to .':*4,000. Milford, six miles further on, is a small village with a popu- lation of 175 inhabitants. This is about the head of the tide- waters of the Shubenacadie river, a sinuous stream which has its start in the Grand Lake and empties its waters in Cobe(iuid Bay. It is enriched by the tidal waters of the bay, which bring up a rich deposit, periodically overflowing the land and keeping it in a permanent state of fertility. The dike-lands on this river are as rich as any land in the world, as arc all the lands in Novu fScotia drawing their fertility from the same source. Xo artificial or other fertilizers are ever used or needed in these lands, the natural conditions makino- them practicat)ly inexhaustible. At Milford there are several fine farms. Excellent upland farms extend east and west into Halifax and Hants Counties respectively. The land is of a naturally good quality, and is susceptible of a high state of cultivation. It can be purchased at a moderate price. Cross- ing over the Shubenacadie river at this point and going east two or three miles, Gay's River is reached, a fine settlement of thrifty farmers. Gay's River district embraces lake Egmont, a small lake which constitutes its source, Antrim Settlement and Dutch Settlement All this region possesses good, cultivable lands, and on the margins of lake Egmont, and this river and small tributory streams are fine intervale lands. Farms and lands can be bought in this section at very reasonable rates. The land is admirably adapted for the grazing of sheep and cattle. Continuing east we strike the rich and fertile region of the Musquodoboit Valley, a very fertile belt of land follow- ing the course of the river for several miles. This region embraces the Lower, Middle and Upper Settlements, the Taylor ounty. The in 75 to 200 from 81,000 ivith apopu- of tlie tide- n which has in Cobe(iui(l bay, wiiich lie land and t dike-lands [], as are all y from the e ever used aking them several tine I west into and is of a gh state of ice. Cross- ^oinp- east ittlement of 3 Egmont, a )lement and 1, cultivable s river and Farms and lable rates, sheep and rtile region and follow- rhis region , the Taylor 17 Settlement and Meagher's Grant. Tlie land in all this section o country js o high class quality, and n^ostly kept in an. .tate of cultwat.on. though in many instances there is marked icon, for nnprovement. There are few more thrifty and M ddl ' S :fr''r''l --unities in Nova Scotia thL the Middle Settlement of Musquodoboit. A railway is projected and route surveyed through this fine section of country, vh h when built, as It doubtless shortly will be, will greatly e chance the profits of farming in this region. Farm lancls and properti can now be bought at prices ranging from S1,000 L So Coming back to the Intercolonial Railway at Shubenacadie four miles east of Milford. we strike a flourishing and Is-' parous village of 350 inhabitants, having all modern 'c". veniences, including electric light. It is situated in the midst of a splendid agricultural dis- trict, embracing hundreds of acres of rich dike marsh a 'd fine uplands The farmers here are mostly engaged in sup plying milk for the Halifax market, the abunda^^e of Todder" enabling them to keep fine herds of milk cow.. Hay produced here in large quantities, and grains, and all sorts of rootsand vegetablesgrowand mature abundantly. Farm can be bought here for from $2,000 to S10,000. There are sevei^" adjo.njng settlements well adapted for farming, nearly al upland, and much of it well wooded. Farms f nd lands in these out ying districts may be had at moderate price whih with inte hgent cultivation could soon be brouglft up io fi s class condition. ^ ^ The next station is Stewiacke, in Colchester county a thi-iftv «nd growing village, with apopuiation of 250. It h^s. fou^ dry and a large steam saw mill, the latter of whichgives emplov- ment to a large nnmber of men. The dike land f,ere is of the ^me quahty as at Shubenacadie, The village is on the i e of the same name, and the tide flows up three or four miles 18 , ,rnn The river drains a large and fertile region - above the station. TJie ri ^ .^^ ^^ ^^^ m^^.^uo- of country, possessing the same c ^^ ^^^^ ^^ doboit Valley, ^he S.ew.a U W^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^. length, is a rich and ^-^"^f ^^X^^^^ivated farms. The tains many P-P-^^ J^!^ ^l ,e ^^^ ^^^^'^^' ^""'"''' different settlements, Uppe^ M ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^. Springside, Eastvdle, -^ ^^ ^ ' ^f, l^i^ies. Upper Stewi- sories of advanced agricultuial co .^^^,,^^ and will ac.e maintains a creamery^ A -; -> .^ ^ ^ j, .^ars. which probably be in operation m his V a y ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ bought at prices rciUrt"' f, , • Skewi-icke Biookti.W is tl.e next station of .;iir:u:^crefon\ue Hne o».e lnto.o,on.a,. fine fanning section "'^d^''^^' uplands of excellent acreage of fine botto.n lands^ ana P ^_^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ quality. It is «ell »f I''?' \ '"^.t "^em ed for some years Id butter factory, .vlneh has been op ^^ ,^^ .^^^^^^ ^_^^ with encoura<;ing success. The hay g ^^^^ ^^^ i» of excellent l-^' ° ^r^ „ 1y vvhlch"it is surrounded ;rt^c;::^:ng\pj^f^---t:i reou.!tV:a:^CtfS;:trrosperous ana progressive toNvns of the Province. . . 1 ■ , the heart of the ttne agricultural Truro is situated in the heart ^ .^ ^^ County of Colchester at the head J^,^^^ ^^^_.._ important railway -" ^^ ^ ^^^tctory, furniture fae- age f-tones, a '-* '»<=2' ;^ ^„'anufaeturing industries, rJVo"V: -gtt Z^ condensing factory in the :egion is(iuo- les in tl con- The ibroke, acces- Stewi- nd will , which now be ation of ial. s a very a large excellent a cheese me years ■oad acres roots and irrounded cattle and e town of ivogressive cTi-icultural aid, is an lies, carri- niture fac- industries, ry in the 19 . Dominion It is an educational centre, bein^ the seat of the Provincal Normal School, where the great bulk of the teachers of the common schools of this Province, and a frr.at proportion of the teachers of the other Maritime Provinces receive their trainiBg. The Provincial Government main- tains a form quite near to the town, in connection with a School of Agriculture, where young men are htted for prac- tical and scientific farming without any tuition fees. Truro has a population of about 0,000, and affords a ready market for farmers within its radius. It is surrounded on three sides by magnificent farm lands, the most of which has been brought to a high state of cultivation. It is on the Salmon River, which empties its waters into Cobequid Bay. the tides from which have formed the rich dike lands containing many hundreds of acre« which lie along Its banks The districts of Upper and Lower Onslow, and Fort Belcher and Clifton, all of which may fairly be called outlying portions of Truro, are all illustrations of prosperous husbandry carried on under the most favorable conditions The places named lie to the west and south of Truro. Their broad dike lands and marshes are most prolific m the p.-oduction of hay, and of hay of the very best quality. As before mentioned, these dike lands never require any artificial fertilizers, and produce a most luxurious growth trom generation to generation, without exhibiting any si^ns of exhaustion. To the nortJi and east lie the North River and the Salmon River districts, both of them fine arriculturai districts. The farmers in all these sections are tlirifty and prosperous, and have comfortable homes, big barns and out- buildings tor stock, etc. Prices range from $2,000 to $10,000. Followingdown the western shore of the Cobequid Bay from Truro, we find an excellent farming country for many miles where rich dike lands and undulating upland and hills 20 Folly Village; then, Great ;'"'«,, jtUerbeef or dairy sent' a splendia field tor ™-"« '-^"^ = „„j„eted with a purposes, while tarmmg can t^"; ™^ , ,„,«, Ma^- Segreeof snccess tnlly "7Vri 'l' market te the sur- 1,800, and thus ^ff-^;;£;,,«„:i,,Ua Mines, on the border- rounding country, ^""f!:" ^j,^,,,^„a Qonnties, chiefly m teuds of Colches^^.r ^-^^^^^Zn.Un.. where there is Cumberland, are ""* J^ ''""'„ ,.^„j„ capable of maintammg „ immense -«» ^r f is ta^uHcent forest region. r.~e::iran he bought very cheaply, fl, nf Truro are Earltown, New Annan, Lying to the north ot Iruro a xatamagouche is Waugh' River, Tatamagouche. and Bu^e^ g^^^^ ^^.^ , viUage on t'-e'^^r'^tland and is in the midst of a Province from Prmce Edj'aii M^"'!- ^„d capital fi„e agricultural sect,on^^--to-^ ,J ^^^^^_ ^^ gracing lands. Waugh s f'^'J^'l .^ ^„j ,„„, are suc- ies Earltown and New ^^^ . ^P^^rColchester. This is ,e3sfully cultivate ™ *- J^^on of the county, and what is called the "°™'' „j, „£ acres, large portions embraces an area ot many '^°J^ ^^ ^^ke it blossom of which only wait '^;^\2^^^:^Z'.ni tilled the people rthXanrp^:^"----'-"'^^^^^^^^^^^ ; next, 1 pre- r dairy with a Mass- [ Great d Five a good ng, ant Acadia lation of the sur- 3 border- hiefly in there is intaining 3t region, w Annan, Lgouche is )arate this midst of a ind capital i farms, as ns are suc- r. This is unty, and o-e portions . it blossom I the people ses and out- 21 houses. In all the districts named there are stores and churches, and excellent comn^on schools. Farms ran 'e in pnces from Sl.OOO to S5,000. Farm and forest lands, ttto buikhngs, may be bought at exceedingly low prices. Again coming back to Truro and following the line of the Intercoloma as it proceeds into Cumberlan^l Cou "ty aft passu^g Belmont Debert, East Mines. Londonde 'y 1 Fo y stations, all of which are in Colchester County we wdl pass all mtermediate stations in Cumberland unlil w reach Amherst, the chief town of that great agricultu a County, and near the border line between Uns Provinc and New Brunswick. Amherst has a population of 3 981 It contams foundries, machine shops, ckr works boHer and engme works, a boot and shoe factory, and other fcLrl givmg employment to a large number of people and fu n h -g a good bcal market. Amherst lies in 'the m dst of a" sp ena. agricultural district, having vast stretches of d ke marsh land embracmg thousands of acres. The districts of ^appan and Maccan, lying four and eight mi es el tively. east of Amherst, are made up largelj of the^ prorfic :::^^tr:u:H:v'lf r' ''- ^^'i^^^-^-p^-ds^a^itf very uch quahty. At Nappan is situated the Dominion Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces, whe rtTs a e made of roots, vegetables, fruits, grains, stock etc best adapted for our soil and climate. The'^Maccan Riv;r tst o Amherst, eight miles, is bordered by dike lands 'o'lat value and proceeding westerly we sti4e River Hibbe t^a so a dikeland region of considerable extent. A few in is further west is the Minudie river, with the ' ElysirFl" as the great dike of Minudie has been calle.i The Macc^ in the Bay of Fundy. from whose rich tides they draw the fertilizing element which makes the lands on their'margTns of 22 V. ThP sections enriched by these such exhaustless ^^f^^' '^^^^^ prosperous farming com- streamsare all tH;ckly setM a-A^ P^^ n.unities. From Mmuehe ^omg we^te y ^^^^^^^ ^^ p^^^. ton West Brook and Half Way Hiver ^.^^^^^ r;;! of 1,900 ^^^^'^^^ti.^ aotted with from An.herst. The country '^^«"^;^ .^^ a thrifty popu- Lellent farms, good buddings and supp^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ lation generally. ^arms lange to §10,000. , sectio. of country, -'y " '- ^^^ „„, ,„,, a Uvrge but containing a S"'''.'^'", „ ,,,f,d I„ the days of woo-len ,„a„tity oe ^\^i::L. aiong this shore. 3„ips a ..eat ™any ^^^^^^_^^^ P„gw,«h is an ™P°-;7 ,, ::: f:„o«i„g the hue o the about thirty m.les t"'" f" \ the thriving agricultural p«.t road, »hich »■"'=« °"\"r:^ier PhiUp- Thi' i- all a to $3,000. • . .olWngthe -rt X-^nXriSal'L o^ :trc«vrit::t,:^;ttt,ea«ithgo^^ along the route. f 700 For many years it has Pugwash has a population of 7U^^ .^.^^ ,t deals been noted for the ^^-V-^^^^ J^^.^,,^ ,, do so. A large io the Old Country, and it stiU 23 amount of business is transacted in this town. It is sur- rounded by admirable farms, which cut vast quantities of hay and carry a considerable quantity of stock. Tlie River fhilip runs into the harbor at Pug wash. Continuing along the Gulf Shore for ten miles, Wallace is reached, another important shipping place, noted for its extensive freestone quarries, and surrounded by splendid farm lands. Passing Wallace and continuingalong the shore through a fertde and productive country, Tatamagouche is reached, before mentioned in our brief sketch of Colchester County. le I may here add that a branch of the Intercolonial, called ti Short Line, shoots off at Oxford Junction, crosses through a fairly wel settled section of Cumberland County to Pugwash on to Wallace, Tatamagouche and Brule, and thence to River John m Pictou County, and on to Pictou, the chief town of that County, about twenty miles from River John. River John is a pretty village, where formerly an extensive ship-building business was carried on. When, owing to the introduction of iron ships, the business of building wooden ships declined here as elsewhere in Nova Scotia, the people of this section of the country turned their attention to farming and to lobster fishing. The farm lands in this section are good, and with proper tillage could ke brought into excellent condition, but as the people have never made a special business of agricul- ture farms with comfortable and useful buildings may be purchased at very low prices. Pictou town contains a popu- lation of 3,000. It is a town of considerable wealth, and is a shipping place of importance, having daily steamship connec- tion with Prince Edward Island and other Maritime Province ports. 24 of New Glasgow, ''«'"«"''= P^Xtion in 1891 of 8.776. county. New Ola-sROW uul ' P"P" " ™ ^,i,,,i„ , ,,aiu, IUn.„-own c"--:^;™^''^,;;:-;tM;:rUu.ivin, towns o£ o( oisM nn es of Now W"^-" vVestvillo, Ti-enton .u,d Fen-ona an.l Hopewc 1 '"•"■'■™'' „( „.,,iel, reach .bont 10,000. These /-™^"" " '';^^„;" t^eel in.lustrie, „,.„„,, the coa, an. - "— ;^„ 'Jft,,, „,i„es. They which have grown out ol the pro .,.,,, ,ocal furnish, in eonjuncfon -"j ^^J„ '^-.tou County ha, ,„arket tor the '""J,^^ ^^V:;Z eoal .ni,,ing industry long been an ■"P"* »' ;»^° J„„ ^„e ;,.„„ is a later growth, of the provmce. The pro^ ■^^^^„,,,^ field it may be Of the -""'■•.yf ":™''^'iTirin e'rsected in every direction said to talse high rank, it „„„ins of which are fine ,,, rivers »a — ,:^-f,::^,,rr:.aneys, the soil of intervalUvnd,. " ^ ^ ^_^ , „,„,h „f it very prodnct.ve. which .s general} ;<•"'"'„ „nd is capable of keeping I, i. „dn,:rab y ^ »'P^;"', ;" :^„Uon is Ltinguished fo. immense flocks ot sheep. ' . , jjed all over with thrift and intelligence, anaUeounty ,s comfortable homes and good taims. » ' \ -^ ite „d much of itremainsstillopn 0. tlem^^^^^^^ ^.^^^ .^^ capable of -^r'-^^Pire:: farms twtU good buildings rreroCt^ to'ssW, according to size, -luality and location. F,.m New Glasgow, 'o'lowing the East^-n Branch of t^^^^ Intercolonial Railway, and passsing U noug - - ^^^ ,„.„,„ lands -a ™- o • -Xh«V a town of 3,000 Xulauirr. l";'own of the county of the same 25 name. Antigonish is a fine agricultural county, but the inhabitants— a considerable section of it lyin^' on the sea- combine fishing' with fanning as a regular employment. Antigonish has a splendid acreage of good uplands, and stretches of magnificent intervals, It is one of the best grazing counties in the province, and is capable of producing large numbers of cattle and sheep. It is noted for the excellence of its dairy products, and has now in operation several cheese factories. Farms range in value from $500 to $4,000. Adjoining Antigonish County is the County of Guysboro, chiefly noted for its extensive and rich gold mines and its valuable shore fisheries. Yet there are two very fine farming sections in the county, capable of much greater development. The west end of the county, known as St. Mary's District- not many miles from .Sherbrooke, a town of 1,000 inhabi- tants—contains farm lands of great fertility. Along the St. Mary's River are stretches of splendid intervals, and the farmers are generally thrifty and prosperous. The section lying east of this, and covering about forty miles to Guysboro town, can hardly be ranked as first-class farming land. Sheep farming could be profitably conducted on a great deal of this part of the county. It is pretty well settled, and prices range low. Guysboro town is the capital of the county, • and has a population of 1,800. It is a seaport town and is devoted to general trade. Opposite Guysboro, a magnificent harbor lying between, is the village of Manchester, surrounded by a fine section of country similar in quality to the beautiful lands of St Mary's Distriet Cape Breto.v. Following the Intercolonial Railway through Antigonish County and a small portion of Guysboro, the Strait of Canso 16 i, ,-eacl«,l, which ^epamtes the Island of Cape Breton from , .ink,,,.. ThoSt,-aitis«.,„ut.,nile«„lean,i.ero«,l bv stea,n.,» ,-un i„ connection with tl,e Intccolomal Lan,l- inV,d™ort Hawkeshnry, wl,ich is »it,wte "=-""= '"-''"S n' between the counties of Inveme,, and K,ch.non,,,^.n^^ 1 ;i ..«,1 r,n«^irn:r bv Rivcr Inhabitant, west nroceethntr bv ran and passing u^ i»" . IL of the Bv,>s d'0>- Lal-U,.ral eonn^y If we start fom Port Hawkcbnry »-e soo, H^ach Rver Inhabitant, River Denis and the head oi ^e ^a^' f^^^^ Inhabitant an.l River Denis t,-aver.B hne ag icultn.al d.str cts containing n.any excellent farms, having large stretches of fertil i^t'erval lands. Prices are exceedingly low cons, er.ng the ntrinsic value of land from an ag,-icult«.-al stan, pojnt Far,^ with more or less comfortable buildings on he had at prTcrrlnging from *H00 to *2,000 dollars. If we follow the ItraTt from^Port Hawkesbury, passing Port Hastn,gs and continuing the slrore, we reach Port Hood, the cap.tal of «,e County of Inverness, and containing a population of 1,500 Proceeding thence, we come to Broad Cove, where coal m ne of va«t extent are now being opened up, and wh.ch .„ al probability will soon be the seat of a m,n,ng town. At Cd Cove and Strathlorne excellent farms are found, w.th splendid intervals, capable of producing g,-eat crops of hay !&" and all other farm products, Pr.ces range from «1000 to $8,000. 27 from ossod Land- iding I, and West ig the ;e fol- n, the Cape hniond ss and , is the 20iinty. River River istricts, ches of ndering iidpoint. ! luid at How the ngs and d of the 3f 1,500- al mines ih in all iwn. At nd, with 5 of hay ige from Ten miles from Port Hood is the vilJngii and farming stt- tloment of Mabou, an exceedingly rich and fertile district ; in fact, taking it for all in all, and barring fruit, it cannot be sur- passed by any other district in the province. And oven the •cultivation of fruit might, with proper attention, become a profitable pursuit in this district, as apples and plums are grown to some extent, and I have seen fairly well matured grapes on vines at Mabou that were grown and ripened in the open air. Leaving Mabou and passing Hillsboi-o and Brook Village, both fine farming districts, we reach picturescpie Whycocomagh, at the head of a section of Bra.s d'Or Lake. The scenery is magnificent, the farms are good, and recent gold discoveries have drawn great attention to the disti-ict. Continuing east about twenty-five miles, we come to Haddeck, in Victoria County. But continuing Inverness, through the best farming districts, we would touch Lake Ainslie. Alonfy the margin of this lake for about fifteen miles on either side are excellent farms, and to be had at very low prices. Passing lake Ainslie, we come to South West Margaree, a beautiful stream which we follow (juitea number of miles to Margaree Forks, where the waters of the North Eist Margaree join the waters of the .South West anm 28 Tlie entire shore of luvornes.H county from Port Uavvkesbury to Clieticainp, conHtitutes a valuable fishinrr ^rrountl. As this county possesses large sections of valuabUi af»ri- cultural lands, and is not thickly settlml it ofl'ers a capital Held for the thrifty, industrious and intelligent agricultural eungrant, who at the cost of a very moderate outlay would soon fuid himself in the possession yf a comfortable and pros- perous farm with -' .ant and picturesque surroundings. From North Kast Margaroe in this county, before referred to, we drive for several miles, through a section of country ia which there are not many farms to note, but which is charac- terized by very beautiful scenery. The road passes between two forest-clad mountains, and skirts the margins of a lovely chain of lakes until we reach the head of Middle River, in Victoria County. Following down the river, the valley between the mountains widens and the fertile intervals expand. For upwards of fifteen miles prosperous farming settlements are found on each side of the river. The valley of the Middle River presents a charming picture to the eye by virtue of its bewitching scenery antl the excellent farms attest to the com- fort and prosperity of the farmers. It is a favorite resort of tourists from the United States, the excellent trout fishing in the river forming an extra attraction. Farms in this valley range in price from $1000 to #2000. Leaving Middle River valley and driving about eight miles through picturesque scenery. Big Baddeck is reached. The farms'^on the Big Baddeck are good, the soil is rich, with large stretches of intervals. Crossing another ridge of good upland we reach the beautiful town of Baddeck, the capital of the county, with a population of 1,700. It is a shipping 'port beautii"ully situated in the Bras d'O lakes and is surrounded 29 hy hills. There are many Hue farms in tho vicinity of Mad- deck, and much jTO(jd luiid that could easily 1«! lir<)U<,dit into a Btatc of excellent cultivation. Haddeck is a centre of sunnner tourist travel from the United States, from which, searchers after health, sport and romantic and pictures(|ue scenery, spread all over the Island of Capo Breton. Goin^' west from Baddeck and [)assinf,r many tine farms, we a^ain come to Whycocomaffh, in Inverness County, before descri^ed. Thence goin^r east fifteen miles, the head waters of St. Ann's in \'ic- toria County, are struck. St. Ann's is an arm of the sea, noted for its excellent tisheries. Hoularderie, an island in the Bras d'Or lake, part of wdiich is in Victoria County, is covered with capital farms, and the waters hy which it is surrounded are excellent fishing' grounds. It is twenty two miles long and seven miles broad. A large coal mine is being operated in this county near the shore of the Bras d'Or lake. Cape Breton County, which lies south-east of Victoria, is noted chieHy for its immence coal deposits. It is the seat of the operations of the General Mining A.ssociatiun, a wealthy corporation, mostly controlled by British capital, which has been carrying on coal mining in this cunty for a great many years, and also the Dominion Coal Company, which in 1893 ticquired leases of many valuable collieries in the county, and having an immense capital, is conducting the work on a very extensive scale. This company last year, 1897, raised 1,262,484 tons of coal, and gave employment to 20,196 men. The company is composed of United States and Canadian capitalists, and .since its organization hjxs displayed great energy and enterprise in carrying on its business. The great coal mining industry has been the meaus of building up an Cape Breton County, many flourishing towns and villages, 30 chief among which are Sydney Mines, Sydney and North Sydney, the two latter towns being shipping places of consider- able importance ,and they constitute the termini of the Inter- colonial Railway in the island li Cape Breton. Cape Breton contains the historic town of Louisburg, and other towns of importance are, Little Glace Bay, and Port Morien. There are several smaller villages, and all these communities com- bined constitute a valuable market for the farmers of the county and the island generally. There are several good agricultural districts in this county. The land in close proxi- mity to Sydney and North Sydney is of good quality. There are good stretches of interval lands at Sydney Forks, and also at East Bay, on the Mira river especially, and at other points. The fishing iudustry of Cape Breton county is quite an impor- tant one. The eastern end of Boularderie Island, before re- ferred to in the brief sketch of Victoria county, as an island of fine agricultural fertility, belongs to this county. As the mining and tishing industries of this county give employment to a large number of men, it will be seen that the farmers have the advantage and stimulus of a home market for their pro- duots. The remaining county in the island is Richmond, which lies south of Cape Breton county, and with the Atlantic and the Strait of Canso on its south-western shores. It is largely a tishino' county, although along the shore of the Brasd'Or lakes on its northern side and along the Grand River, and that por- tion of the county adjoining Inverness county near West Bay, there are some good agricultural settlements. Here farms are cheap, and as the land is of good quality, mrch improve- ment can be made in its agricultural production. Arichat is the capital, with a population of 2,000. In closing this bird's eye description of the island of Cape 31 Breton, I cannot do better than to (luote from an interview with Prof. Maco the tidal waters of which wash the northern shores of Anna- polis and Kings. There are shipping ports every few miles along the coast, and formerly large (juantities of wood were shipped, the mountain forests being the source of supply. The range of mountains, all the way from Blomidon in the east to Digby Gut on the west, present excellent opportunities for sheep raising. These lands can be purchased remarkably, cheap. Cultivated farms in the better portions of this Hne country range in price from S3,000 to $10,000. From Annapolis going west we pass into Digby by crossing Bear River, which is the county line. If we follow up the river a few miles from its mouth in Digby Basin we pass through beautiful scenery, the immense hills being dotted with a most luxurious growth of chei'ry trees. The village of Bear River was formerly an extensive shipping port, and is still a place of considerable business activity. Following the line of railway along the shores of Digby basin the town of Digby, population 1800, is reached. It is placed nearly opposite the Gut, as the passage which forms the out- let to the Bay of Fundy is called. Digby is the capital of the county and is prettily situated ; it doos a flourishing business, and is a fashionable resoi't for sunnmer tourists from the United States. Continuing west by rail about twenty miles 86 along St. Mary's Bay, we come to Weymouth, a beautiful vil- lage on the Sissiboo river. Here cherries abound in their sea- son, as well as in Digby, Bear River and intermediate places. St. Mary's Bay divides the county proper from ])igby Neck, a long strip of land, bounded on the north by the Bay of Fundy settled by a thrifty and industrious population. The railway from Digby to Yarmouth, passes a few miles south of the shore of St. Mary's Bay. New farms are being brought into culti- vation along the line of railway, but the most populous part of the county lies along the shore of St. Mary's Bay. This part of the county is settled by a very thrifty and intelli- gent population, )iearly all French Acadians. For almost thirty miles the settlements constitute a continuous village. The people are progressive and well-to-do, with comfortable homes and surroundings. Every eight or ten miles there is a large church. On Church's Point is situate St. Anne's College, a valuable institution of learning in connection with the Roman Catholic faith, which is the religion of the French Acadians. There is also a convent here. Digby county, although not strictly speaking an agricultui-al county, has, nevertheless, many well-to-do farmers. Farming, fishing and lumbering constitute the chief employments of the inhabitants, and between these three occupations a good living is assured and enjoyed. From Digby by rail, we soon reach the beautiful and enter- prising town of Yarmouth, the capital of the county of the same name, and the terminus of the Dominion Atlantic Rail- way ; or if we follow the shore of St. Mary's Bay, we find thickly settled villages all the way to the town. The town of Yarmouth has the largest population of any town in the Province, with the exception of Halifax, and has always been I J I 37 noted for its enterprise. It is wealthy untl prosperous to a remarkable degree, and its people have fostered and illustrated n most enlightened public spirit. Whatever Yarmouth under- takes to do, it accomplishes on broad lines, having a clear and distinct light of the definite ends in view. In the hey-day of wooden shipbuilding, Yarmouth was the leading town in the Province in this industry. Yarmouth ships 'id Yarmouth captains were found on every sea and every part in the world. In those days were laid the foundation of its wealth. When that industry declined, while still retaining a great interest in shipping, under changed conditions, Yarmouth turned its attention to manufacturing, and factories, foundries, etc., take the place of siiipyards. Yarmouth is also largely interested in the fisheries, and does a flourishing business in gem ral merchan- dise. It is noted for its beautiful and costly private residences, surrounded by well trimmed lawns and hedges, graperies and fruit trees which make them exceedingly attractive and pleas , ing to the eye, and give assurance not only of comfort but of luxury. Although Yarmouth is not one of our be.st agricultural counties, farming operations are conducted in several sections of the county with signal success. It is noted more especially for dairying, sheep raising and fruit growing. Farmers are par- ticular about their stock, generally insisting on pure breed, and in this way they attain the best results. Farms are well tilled, and many of thein are brought into a higli state of cultivation. The town affords a good local market all the year round. While Yarmouth town is the terminus of the Dominion Atlantic railway, it is also the terminus of the Shore line now in course of construction, part of which is now in operation, on the south shore. It is surveyed through Shelburne, Queens and Lunenburg to Halifax, and will no doubt be completed and in operation within a few years. In addition to its railway facilities, present and prospective, Yarmouth has lines of steainsliips with Halifax and intermediate ports, with Bay of Fundy ports and with lioston. 8hell)urne county is the next county to Yarmouth on the south Athmtic coast, lying towards Halifax. The shire town, Shelburne, (population 2,000) has one of the finest harbors in the province, ho'm^ ten miles ]ou^ and three in width, offering a perfect shelter for vessels, and surrounded by scenery of the most pictures(iue charactei-. It formerly took high rank for shipbuilding, and still continues the construction of fishinff vessels. Fishing is the great industry of Shelburne county, taking first raidv in this calling in the Province, after Lunen- burg, the adjoining county east. The fish catch of this county last year was upwards of $800,000 in value. Agricultural pursuits are not followed to any extent in this county, although in the intervals from fishing the people in favored localities raise considerable farm products for their own use. The settlements and towns arc chiefly along the shore, the prin-. ciple of which are Shelburne, already mentioned, Barrington, Clyde River, Jordan River and Lockeporfc, all of which are places of considerable importance. Lumbering is carried on to a considerable extent on the Jordan river. East of Shelburne lies Queens, of which Liverpool is the shire town, with a population of 2,700. Milton, population 1,000, is close by, and to the east are Port Med way, population GOO, and Mill Village, population 400, all coast towns The coast line, like that of all the shore counties, is rocky and ill- suited for farming. Fishing and lumbering are the chief industries. Pulp mills have been establJi.shed recently near Liverpool, which is the chief port of shipment for the product of the n)iils. This industry, together with fishing and lumber- ing, make the shore ports places of considerable importance. I f 39 If we 'Irivo north from Liverpool over some twenty-five miles of ban oil ixiid rocky country we cotno to CiihMloniii find lii-ook- field, two frood farsnin^f soction.s in the northern pai-t of the county, where apples and other fruits are successfully culti- vated, and farmers are niakiTij,' forward steps in advanced agriculture. In this section fjold miniiiff is carried on to a con- siiierablc extent ajid with fairly sati.^' factory results. This holt of fair farming lands extends east through the greater j)art of Lunenburg, the adjoining county east, and lying between it and Halifax. In Lunenburg county gold mining is conducted to a more or less extent, while fishing is conducted to a greater extent than in any other county in the province. The rivei- La Have, which has its source in Annapolis county, runs through Lunenburg, and along its course are good farming lands and large lumber forests. The lumbering industry is conducted on an extensive scale on the La Have, whose banks are dotted with gang saw mills at several points. The La Have is one of the largest and most important rivers in Nova ►Scotia, and is navigable for steamers and other large craft, as far as Bridgewater, population 3,500, fifteen miles from the coast. The scenery along the La Have is so grand and picturesque that it has been called the " Nova Scotia Rhine." Bridgewater is the great lumber shipping port of the county, and is otherwise a busy go-ahead town. Twelve miles from Bridgewater is Lunenburg, population, 4,000. Here, also, a large shipping business is conducted, especially in fish to the West Indies. It is the outfitting port for many fishing vessels, and having a good agricultural country to the back of it, is a good town for general business. Taking the Nova Scotia Central Railway, which passes by Mahone Bay and Bridgewater, and runs across the country to Middleton, i I 40 in Annapolis county, connectinff with tho Dominion Atlantic Railway sy.stem, we take in New Uorniany, in tho nortlun-n part of the county, whicli is a fine af,"-icultural district. From New (Jonnany station a lon^r helt of rich farrnin^r lands runs hoth east and west, and i'armors with niodorn notions and appliances arc brin^nn^r vip old and worn-out farms to a hi^di state of cultivation. Adjoininr was early laid out for a large town, but has not grown up to the full expec- tations of its founders. It is, however, very much admired for its sple idid scenery, and is a favorite health and pleasure resort in summer, not only for the people of Halifax, but for tourists from the United States, who come every year in increasing numbers. Following the shore a distance of forty- five miles, and pas-r-ing through the beautiful districts of Hub- bard's Cove and St. Margaret's Bay, both in Halifax county, we reach the City of Halifax, the place of beginning, havino- made the circuit of the Province of Nova Scotia, and noted its agricultural I'esourcct and capabilities. It