% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 .'r"^ II I.I 1.25 2.5 ^ i4£ liilO 111= 14 III! 1.6 ^>/ v> /A Photographic Sciences Corporation s. iP iV ^ :\ \ ^ k X 73 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 873-4S03 «!• ^^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques * Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notea tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaire qu'il lui a 6t4 possibia da sa procurer. 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Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur \u derniire image de cheque microfiche, seicii Ie cas: Ie symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". ie symbols ▼ signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmte A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est fiimi d partir de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant ie nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 S' \i I ST, JOHN AND ITS BUSlt A HISTCRY CF ST. JOHN, AMU A STATEMENT IN GENJPRAI. TERMS OF rrb VARIOUS KINDS OF BUSINESS SUCCESSFULLY PROSECUTE]'. ,;.r. I It' r I I The Dry Goods — Grocery— Insurance— Lumber— Manu- faotx? Ping— The Press of St. John— The Shippinyj— A View of the Prospects and Possibilities* of St. John as a Commercial Centr-*. TOOETHEK wrru AN ACCOUNT OF ONE HUNDRED BUSINESS HOUSES, EMBRACING THE LEADING OR REPRESEN- TATIVE ESTABLISHMENTS IN EACH OF THE DIFFERENT LINES. •1.1 >[ ering and Agriculture 170 Mineral Wealth 171 Manufactures 172 Winter Port of Canada 173 The Intercolonial 174 Docks— Wet and Dry 174 Bale Verte Canal 176 Shipping Trade 176 Grand Southern Railway 17() Enterprise of its Business Men 177 Literary and Scientiflc Culture 177 A Vision of the Future 17S * MERCHANDISE, &c. PA OK AoENTS— CrSTOM UOUSK BROKERt' - Hughes, John E 166 Olive, W. H 168 Architects— Dunham, D. E 166 Auctionevrs — 8tewart& White 66 Rooks and Stationeby— Chubb, H. &Co 170 CO.MMERCIAL COLLEGE — Eaton, A. H 62 Ci^othino— McNIohol, Jameti 8t Son 68 Drugs— Barker, T. B. StSons 56 McArthur, R. D 188 Smith, A. Chipman... 67 Spencer, H. L 59 Dry Goods— 59 Daniel & Boyd ^ 00 DeVeber, I.. H. 4 Sons 181 Everltt 8f Butler 62 PAGE Hegan, J. & J. 8t Co 63 Jones, T. R. & Co tW Manchester, Robertson & Allison... «55 Manson, James 67 Fancy Oooufl — Delia Torre, C. & W. & Co 70 Fancy Hardwahk— Hntchinson, Geo. jr ^ 82 FiBHixG Tackle— Chubb, H. & Co 17{> General Dealers— Austin, M. D. &H. A 183 Berton Brothers 184 Domvilie, James & Co 78 Harrison, J. & W. F 71 Grocery Business— 72 Austin, M. D. & H. A 188 Breeze, D 73 DeVeber, L. H. ^ Sons 181 PuddiBgton,'R. E. &Cc 74 Hahdwake— 76 Berryman, C. G 167 ii CONTENTS. Ill 61 61 61 170 171 172 173 174 174 176 176 ir«j 177 177 17S PA(iE 63 6i ion... 66 67 70 82 17» 188 184 78 .... 71 'n 188 73 181 74 76 167 PAUK Hiiywiinl, .S. A C'i» 80 Thorne, W. H. & Co si liATTKRS AXD FtRRIKHH— Kverett, C. 8c K « HOTEI*— Victoria 68 Wttverh-y 54 HousK FrFj.Msmxo Goons— Slu'raton. Son & Skinner 60 Iron .Merchants— Carvill, George 77 Doinvi lie, James &Co 78 Dunn, James L. & Co 79 I.XBUBANrK— 84 Benn.J. C 86 Cornwall, Ira jr 180 JarvlM, C. E. L e6 Manthall, Robert. 87 Street, W, W 4tli page Cover Temple, T. A 91 LUMUKB— 92 CuBhing, A.&Co 06 Guj', Stewart & Co 96 King, S. T. & Son 97 PAOK KMnkIn, RolH>rt JtcCo iW Ml.VKB — JogginvCoal Mining Amtociution . 117 Spring Hill Mining C(iin|iany .. 148 Mreic Dkalkbs— FIoo4l, Carson Ui) White, Smith & Co . :ird page Cover Siiii'-BriUMNG — General ." 151 SlIII> BSOKKRS— Kohertson, D. I>. & Co IM Ship Chaxulkrs— Wright, C.H. A Co lf.5 Ships' Outfitters— Roltertson, Ilol»ert 1 Son 163 8Htp-I)uiu)iNu Statistics 150 Stiivkdores — McDermott, Alex 188 Wine Merchants— Buxton, T. B 150 Furlong, Thomas l«u McCoskery, C. A 168 Thnrgar A Kugsell 161 Wilaon.J. N 162 MANUFACTURES. PAOK Gk.verai, Artici.k 90 Boots axij Shoes — Robinson ^ Rulston Ill Biscuit— Currie, John 186 Rankine. T. A. ASona 112 Shaw, J. & W 114 Builders- Christie, A. & Co 116 CABISKT AMD FUitNITUKE— Burnham, C. E. S Co 116 Lordly, Howe & Co 117 Carriage— Price J^Shaw 118 Young, Levi H lOl CLOTniNG — Daniel &Boyd 60 Jones, T. R. & Co 64 McNichol, James & Son 68 CONFECTIOX EKS— Matthews, S.P 192 COBPAOE— Webb, W. E 140 COTTOM Mills — Parks, William & Son 121 PAUK Dye Works— Willis* Law lc7 Edoe Tools— Spiller Brothers 123 Flock Maitbkss- Sheraton, Son & Skinner.. 00 Foundries— Allan Brothers 124 Everitt, W. E 126 Fleming, George & Sons 126 Harris, James S; Co 128 Wales & Green 130 Young, Adam 131 Gas FiiTKBS and Plu.mbeb8— Rowan, A 76 Goldsmiths— Oard, W. Tremaine 194 Habness Makers— Masson & Robb 182 Machinists— Abrams Brothers 183 Myers, Samuel 134 Mabble Dkalsrs— Osgood, 8. P 185 ti H !' "J I I ll IV CONTEXTS. i'.Kur. Ohoan Factohikh - Htimpoon a WuIIuw ia6 Pai.vt Workh — ThniniKwm, U. F. iiSoiif 137 Paimteks — lBi)i8tor, O. R.S ipe Pi.anino Mii.i-s— FttirbankH & llawes 138 Sakk Makers— Flahwty, H. Sfe Co Hi Sail Makki»- RoJ)ertRon, Robert & Son .... 153' Saw Makkks— Luwton, J. F... , 112 HlI.VKB PI.ATKR— Hillman, William 108 TAOK Si'icK MiiJ •' - liorfl!}', /ilfrt'd kh Tack F.vctokv - Fo.sU-r, .S. U. He Hull m Ton \ ('Co Wok Kg— Kdbcrtsidi, .Iidin D , 14,^ Uni>i;htakei», ami by tbe iip> .baUtjuitii tbemelTes To iupidy tbet want Ip the qbj^ ^ the pn»> ent work. The l|iit(yry> nuauifaDturee, ahippiiq^ end other Ibduttriel pumuiti 9f $t Joho will be fQUod detailed i& iU pages, so that a more accurate idea can be formed fl9m ita pemial V In 1630 Charles Amador de la Tour, a French nobleman, who was Lieut. General to the . King on the coast of Acadia, Qommcnced to build a fort at the mouth of the St. John. Tlie spot selected was the neck of land on the Carleton side, opposite to Nkvy Island, (in^ Fort Latour, as finally completed, was a palisaded fort of four bastions 200" feet square, and mounting 24 guns. Latour lived here for many years, and generally had two or three hundred servants and retainers about him. He traded largely with the Indians, as many as 3000 moose skins being brought in^from the Upper St. John and its tributaries in a single year, besides large numbers of beaver. Latour had an enor- mous territoiy and held a portion of his land by a double title, from the company of New France, and from Sir William Alexander, the THE HI8T0BY OF 8T. JOHK. grantee of James the I. of England. In ld40 violent ^Uferences aroae between Latour and d'Aulnay Chamisay, who ha4 a fort at Fort Boyal, and was also a grantee of the compft&y of Ifew France. He succeeded in having Latour's convmission from the King revoked and an ordpr issued for, his a^st, under the hand of . Louis ^ll.. which Latour treated with contempt. In 1043 Charaisay at^oked LaU^ur's Xo^ with Ave ships'and 500 men, but the latter obtained aid from Boston and beat him off with loss. Early in IMS, in Latour't absence, Chamisay made another attack, but Latour's heroic wi^e encouraged the garrison and his ship was compelled to retire in a. sinking con- dition. Chamisay, however, returned wi,tb, a stronger fofce a^d attacked Fort Latour from the land side. Fjtr three days Lady Latour, with her weak garrison, held him at bay» but on the fourt^, iW^\9^ was Easter Sunday, 16th A^ril, 1045, while the garriaou were at' prayers, a treacherous Swiss sentinel opened the gate to the invaders. Lady Latour, with unfaltering courage,. rallied her little band of S/O men and made head against the enemy, but finally, to sava further bloodshed, made terms of capitulation. These terms C^nUsay completely disregarle and William Crowne, {n obtaining from Cromwell a grant of the w^ole of Acadia, Latour subsequently sold but to Temple, who sti^ngthened and improved Fort Latour and built a new fort at Jernseg, where he carried on |»^ considerable trade with th^ Indiaps. . Latour died in 166i^)yihce with ItoyJ^Goyernora.'! the first Oo{,vernor und(9i; this new order o^ things wks the Clievalier^e Grand-fontaine, who residW mostof tj^e ti^e on tl^e River St. ^bnn. He strengthened and improve^ Fo|x l4|.tour. bringing cannon to it.from the fort at'^emseg^ which. "f9r,?hf il I 6 'M aiiTOBT or it. ittn. ( Hme, iMnii to hftT« b«en Abandoned. There were at that time in all Acadia teM than 400 aoiili, aa appears by an actual eenaus of the in- hibitanta taken itt the year lfl7 1. Only two forte were then maintained in Abadia, that at Pentagoet, where the Cheralier 0;.^a-fontaine redded, and ^drt Latour^ where hie lieutenant If . de Maraon held eamnumd. In 1073 Onmd-fontalne returned to France, and wa« ■noceedad in oonunand in Acadia by M. de Chambly. About this time, fof iome iMion wb^oh ia not giren, but probably from ita greater proxiiiity and conaequent adiantagea for communication with the Indiana, de' If ar^n Appear to hare transferred his head quarters to Fort Jemapg, for in 1074 he wap there surprised by a Flemish pirate, eomxtuuided by an Bng^Ush adventurer, and compelled to surrender. De Marson was carried off a prisoner but soon appears to have been set at libwt;^, and he contiuued to hold command on the River Saint John for some yeare. In 1876 he received a grant from the French Crown of a seigniory called Naohouac, and in the sama year he also received a grAnf of the fort or house of JemKeg. -In 1882 If. de la Valliere was in command in Acadia, under an ' i^polntnient made by Count Frontenec, the Governor of Canada. About this time the King of France granted to the Sieur fiergier of Hochelle, Oautier, Boucher, and de Montes ** the lahd^which they shall And suitable along the coast of Acadia and the Biver 8t John," for the eatabHshment of the shore fishery. Bergier came to Acadia and proceeded to organise fishing establishments on its coasts, but he found his operations constantly impeded by the English, who had been fishing on these coasts for years and were not to be reatrained. La Valliere, the commandant, who resided at 8t. John, was openly accused of being in l^gue with these enemies of his country, and it 4hM stated in memorials written tolhe French Oovemment of that day that he had licensed the lEnglish vessels to fish.on the coast of Acadia for money payment Whether these accttsiatlons were true or not it is certain that Uie diildrences between Bergier and L* Valliere continued to increase in viotenm tha Ooverporship of Acadia and succeeded by If . Penot, who was in hit turn sttQbeeded in 1887 by If. de MeuneraL Prior to thia, how- •vei^, a niiw set of adventorers f^m Quebec had made their appearanea on fha St. John Blver. These weit four brothers named d'Amours, sons of Ifatthiev d'Amoun* one of the Gonndllors of State at Quebec, Thei^ namea ware Louis^ Bene, Vatthiew and Bemardf and^ notwith- standing the zakik and ofBcial poaition of th«ir father, at an early age thf y took to tlie woods aa Cbiire«r« < d' TV^ A&'ioB,i oi si/. )^6i!iil! II and tWb bH(^i;ine{r wi^ 80 aoldiers bi^ board, to capture iti ytllebon', . , hb-vrbVetj wak dntliiQ iHettt, and, without waiting to be alttacked, sent il detaditii^nt td ihe i)lb\ith'pjf the river, to watch tlie enen;y^,who were 80 niticlii idisconqertjBd iii the a|>pe(uranoe of the French oii the al6rt that th^ r^tilhiedS«ithout attem]^ting to iiMik0. ^py a^k. .At'thie period several French war ves^eljs were kept cruising on ^e coiast of Acadia, , partly tO' keep the pirates w^o infested its shores at a resjpectable distance.andiiattly^ attack, 4nd destroy th^ fishing and trading yessefe 6f the finglfsh cblonists. l^e harbor of S^ John became a sort ofdepbt fdr the^' cajitnlibd Vessels and tWr^ cargoep. A privateer nanied Baptiete Vas partidiilarly t^tive in d^redations i\pon English commerce at thid p^:^od. At the same time Fort Kashwa^ik on the^. St. John was the focus of these intrigues against the peace and pros- perity of U^e bett^ements' of ^ew, England^ which kept its border towtas in a state df warfare^ and often of ruin, for so many years. . Jt was f rom' l^ort Na^hwaak that expedition ^fi;er expedition went forth co^mposed of blobdthirsty and treacherous savages, and headed gener- ally by Frenchmen, to murder and destroy in the settlements of Nejije HEmpshire and Maine. Hundreds of English colonists were s^n in th'ede bloody encounters, and many captured, and. the Fort at St. John finally came to be looked upon as the cause ,of all these disastejrs, so thiat a; very' natiital desire arose in t!he hearts pf the people of New England to dbstroy it.^ Tliis desire was hardened into a firm resolve by ka iVeht which happened in 4^^^* ^^^> ^^® .capture of fprt "^il- li^nl Hehi^ at Femaqiiid by a forcQ of French and )9ngUsh from St. Jdhn^ Tid^ fort was almost new, "bui^tof stone, and had cost the ProVitic^ qf MassaQhusel^s piore than 4^,000. Its capture was too gross an ihsult t6 b^ bo|ne. ]!t was determined hy the people of Boston that the Fi-iehch ahbilid be' di^ivien from ihe lEtiver St. John. That no incen- tive might be wanting to ptiniulate the pride and zeal of the men of M^wBachusetts two ships of the' ^nch expedition, th^ Profond and £'nv^', had bepn attacked off.the harbor of St. John by three Eiigli^'/vessels, the Sorlmg, iie^vport and Profoince galley. One of the lattei*, the Utelfipori, wais icap^ur^ and the others put to flight.l The iVc«!«or< Was earned into St. John. , , , i. The Eiifflish expedition to capture Fort Xashwaak was placed un- d^r tlie cbhimand of Benjamin. Church, who had won distinction ui Kitig Philip'i^ Ware. . Bet\ye^^ 400 and odo men "tvere put tmder hi£ boipomand, and he saiied ftom I^sqataqua latein, Augusl* his force, whi6h tiiclUded Boiia|e Indiuis, beiuj^ disi^sed in several snudl vessels andtloats. Church, instead of steering straight for Fort Nashwaak, which hie might h^ve surprised, went np the Bay to Chigne(?to, which he^tocleedMioi>lttndeiraiiidde|9troy. H^ remained there n^ie days, "^^bidh he employed in killisig the caMe, burning down the houses THE niSTOBY OF ST. JOHN. 9 and deatrt^j^iog the crops of the unfortunate Acadians. Even the chapel was not spared by this licentious soldier, who seems to have had no stomach foyr war, ^o long as booty w8 : to be obtained. The accounts given of his scandalous treatment of these poor peo- ple would be incredible, had he not taken the pains to write and pub- lish them himself in a boo^. Church and his force XQturned to St. John, where his chief exploit was frightening sMne workmen, who were rebuilding the fort at the mouth of thexiver, an4<>ftpturing 12 cannon that the French had buried in the beach. lie then sailed for Passamaquoddy, where he was met by Colonel Uathonie who had brought a reinforcement of three ves- sels, and taking command of the expedition, bade Churdi return to aid him in an attack on Fort Naphwaak. .Villebon, who had a guard at the mouth of the St. John, was early informed of Hathome's ap- proach* and strengtiieDed his garrison by calling in the Frenchmen who lived lower down the river. Father Simon, the Becollet Mission- ary, who dyvelt at Auopaque, also came into the Fort atthe^head of 36 Indian waxriors, and when the Snglish made their appearance be- fore the Fort on the morning of the 18th October, the French com- mander was fully prepared to receive them. After a cannonade which lasted two days, the siege was abandoned in a precipitate manner and tlie English force withdrew down the, river, having lost a considerable number of men. The cause of this action is said to have been the want of tents to shelter the troops who suffered grefttly faom the cold. . • f" *,* ?!!••■ • ' '.:■■■ Fort Kashfwaak was strengthened during the winter in anticipation of another attsidc in the spring, but Villebon had resolved to remove his head-quarters to Fort Latour at the mouth of the river. In 1687 he organized an Indian expedition a^^upt^ the English settlements of Maine and kept his men busy rebuilding the fort at the mouth of the St. John. The woric of rebuilding went on all that year and in 1696 ]!^hwaak was abandoned and Villebon removed with his garrison to tlie fort at the mouth of the/ St. John. For the next two yean matters in Acadia were of an uneventful character. There was little to cause excitement unong its inhabitants except the occasional appear- ance of a pirate on its shores. In July, 1700, Villjiljoa died and was buried at St. John, and Tillieu took the command v^f Acadia until June,. 1701, when Brouillan, who had been sent out a^ Gavtoior, arrived. This commander resolved to abandon the fort anii establisbhient at St. John on which sd much money apd labor had Heen ex^nded, an act oi folly to which tlie sub* sequent lote of Acadia'by the French may be largely attributed. He caused the fortifications to be razed, demolished the houses, and car- . ried away tue guns and everything else of a portable character, to Fort ^: ' I i •' < 10 TSJf QlfTSST 0)f QT. JfilUr. •m^ -5r*" Royal St. John was left as de'aerted and deaolatp as it fiad USeiu nearly A oentory before; previous to the arrival of Champlain. A deep silencd ftll upon the place which l«to tmbroken f6t thirty years. Ilie Ittdiata mig^t wander among the ^ains of a Fort which had been abandoned to his care, or lef tto be converted into a hiding place fdr the* Wild beasts of the forest, and wonder at the folly of the white men who had forsaken the inest river in «I1 Acadia for the hunter, the' woodsman; the fisbermttn or the farmer. The persistent attempts which werp made by the French to build a great town at Port Boyal and the lilaady neglect of tiie advantages of St John, where nature had obviously ittftended that a gj^at dty should be«rected^are things' which mAy well excite our surprise, for during the whole French oto- cupatioa of Acadia St. John never piogressed a singfe step towards its present condition. They buili fdrtiftoattras heito indeed, and filled them with soldiers^ but there weito no private settlers at the mouth of river, and no attempt to «8tablish ^y trade at St. Jcha was ever seri- ously made in their timo. Th^ only article -espbrted during the French {^Aod, besides the ekin's 0f wild animals; ff we ttcept pines for masts for the French navy, being Umtfston^ which i» early date was taken from St. John in considerable qoanti- tiefsto PortBoyaK All the energies of thie French people for more than a century Were directed to the building up of settlements at Port' Boyal, Minas and Chighecto. Tbb very vastnels and solitary grand- eur of the St. John seem to have frightened private settlers away and the Government of Fiiance seeih to hav6 given much persons no en- couragement to settle here. In 17 10' a material change was caused in the aspect of Acadian af- faire by the fall of Fbrt Royal, which was captured by an finglish ex- pedition under General Nicholson. Its name was changed to Anna- polis, in honor o'f the i«(igning queen, and it Continued for a long time to be the efeat of government (tf the English colony ot Nova Scotia'. Although the French made eevezal attempts tp recapture their beloved Port Boyal they alwaja failed. Althou^ by the treaty of Utrecht Acadia was ceded to the English crown tile French contended that tlie name only covered the peninsula of Nova Sootia, and tuerefoi* that the St; John still belonged to them. This claim was made officially in a letter written in 171d by the liar* quirt de VaudreuU, therOovemor of Oanada tc John Doucett^ lieutenant governor of Annapolis Boyal.- Tbs French governor also encouraged the inliabiiants of Acad^ia t6 settle 6tt the fit. ffdth Biver, bat none ap- pear to have done so at this time. In 1732, however, a small French polony from Qhigneoto eettled on the Biver 6t J<^, and speedily made themselves obnoxious to the-fcommander of Fort Boyal by their rtif usal to recognize his authority. These people in 1786 numbered IPX 9iaii0BT \)F ait. >d[jQW. ^hiib 78 «nil^ bdfttdei tiM iliiailonttjr prtcni ^eati M«Rd Panflo. Ilieee &mgk A«iidtaiisi9«i»«K)t the tort of pedpte to nuke anf giMt figiuo in Mstovy sad i««idiB|^jrwas at thatUme engaged in oonstructlng a small fort at the mouth of ihe Verepis^ on tile west eide of the 8t John. The master of the jchooner went up ^ river ^ And hfan» and on the following day the Fsenek oIBomp made his appearanee at the head of 30 troopv and lAO ladiani; and thi§y pla&tid Vb$it aotoirs Uti tti6 ahOn dpptttitii m I 1 ^^1 I- .iii , i§ i ml 12 XEB HISTOBI OF ..8T. JOHK.„ to -s^he^e,tba 4^^^ W,a3 lyin|S at anchor. . OajjM;. Bcws ordereA them to Qt^ke their colors apd th^, fifter some 4eimu^iDg, was: 4ope« BoiSBT herl^ertt^n excuse iox. bia pr^i^ce Uiere produced letter^ fr«Hn the Ooy^jqqr oif C{Mia4i^ ord^vig^im to prevent the English Iromi settUng at4t^,Jobn,on^^heigrouQ4t)h^ the* territory l^laoged to J!ranica4, A letter frpmCornwaQi^ ordering him to desist ifim erecting lorta at St, John, was, delivered to Bf^jsherbert, and Roi4# retired, tldung mill him sonae o£ the chiefs of the St. John River IndiaAp for th^ purpQ9e > oi arranging A treaty. Bpiaherbert afterwards- \f rote' to ) Governor Comwallis, disavowing any intention of fortifying or building at St. Joj^n, but fiti^tipg th^t hi^ orders were not to allow any, one- else to build at, Sb John until t))Q right of. possession had be)^ settled be- tween the. two crowns. Ifothwithstandinglhisidi^avowal, the^fort at : Ne;C9piS) 9f , the eicl^tfin^^ of which the English were then unaware^ was ^[mB^ed,,and,ras if to show the detempg^ia^ion of jthe 'French te:re- ta^i^ the continentajljwa't of Ac^iaian.p^cer named: Le Gorne, was sent, frcuu Quiebe^ wi| the Isthmus of . Gl^jlgiieotp, There, i^ \h(d- follQwing year arose the. UastionB of the strongest fort yet erected i^.A^ia, the grim and forniidable 3eause- 3eiBt otai[aii)s in Nova $cotia. The ^^ench cputinioed, to fortily thems^ves; atjCl^igfiecto^d St, Jolin, and it was jQinaUy resolTised by the Brit^h autliQa:^ti(jes in Jklas^chusetts and Kova, §cQtia to dispossess them* . An expedition was organized in New England by Governor Shirley, jeo«p, sistipg of abo^t :2QQQ men, apd plaQl^icl i^ider the conii^and <;>£,ColonAl Moncktoin. Th^y sfii,led ,fi;pm Bpstom in >M#y 17^, in 36 vessels, lailge and small,; i^cludi^g three frigates, a^d on th^ 'was sent with three 2Q^un ships and a sloop to \'-ok into the Siti John River, where it was ; reported that, there were two French ships qf 36 gu^8,each. lie anchored off the, mouth of the Riyer andseuti in I^fs boats to reconnoitre, but there was, no vessfBl in,. the harboi'. As soon, however, as the flench on shore saw them they buiyjt theuf.can- npiji, blew, up their magazine, burned every thing|lbey, could belong- ing to tlie for,t and marched off. : /j^h^.forcible renu)val of the French inhabitants from Nova Scotia i- too^ place in t)^. sai^e- year, .not long ^ter, the fall ^o£i Bmus^ jour* I, ^t. WIS a qruel^^d-extrenle act, but was rendered neeessuryi by their turbulent chaffapter and their dettermination not to live P9aQei|,l^ly under the Qiritisli flag. In some parts the deportation; ; of th^ i^habitan^ yf§s effected withpijit, m«ch di^culty. ;, At i Grand i, Pre 19^0 Frenchmen, women and children, were collected and peace- THE HISTOBY OF '.III '^M ST. JOHK. 13 "TT -^ •STt'. bly remoyed. B«t at-Chignecto, Shepody and tthMr ^laeesi naistancs waa offered, and large numbers o{ the inhabitanta froai'tbeie parts fled to the Biver St. John. It waa calculated < that Boiahavbertif the, French officer in ccnnmand of the River, waa at one time at the head of as many a^ 1500 of these French fugitivea. Their presence • cauaed no .small amount of uneaainess to the authoritiea at Hali-^ fax. Fonthe Brench, thus reinforced, wete again able to hold thai' naouth of the Rirer St. John, and they had a fortified post at St. Aalks, 90 miles up the river, on the ute of the present city oflFrediericton. The destruction of both poets and the entinS removal of the French ■ from the river were objecta.to which the attehtion of the Bngliih ' was now directed. At all events it waa^idbar that ihe fort feitT' the' mouthof the>)river muat be reoccupied. ' ,^|, :(.(«»!>', »>,,|.i. .^i;. ..,i(f,j Accordingly in the summer of 1758,-tbfee ships of war and two traniq)orts with two regiments, one of Hig^ilanders and the other- of Provincial troops, on boards were despatohed from Boston to reoap- tuje Fort Latour. They landed at Negro To^ Point and cut a ' road through the woods to the place where the Carleton City Hall now ' stands, which was then uaed as a vegetable garden by the French. From there they advanced against the fort in order 6f 'battle, and after one repulse, succeeded in carrying it by assault. They captured 200 or 300 prisoners, and the rest of the gaifrison Escaped across the' river in boats, and finally made their way up river. Many, however; were killed in the boats by the ehotaof the attacking party. The loss of both French And English was heavy, especially of tUe former, — more than 40 being killed. This ended their occupation of the mouth of the St. John, and soon after the Breach wete driven entirely from the river^ except a few faniiUes who continued to reside near St. Anns. Fort Latour was occupied and gHrrisoned by the English and renamed Fort Frederick. A blockhouse was also erected on Fort Howe. '?ui».>n > [Mint ht.-ff 'iT»i' The autumn of 1760 Was distinguished by one of theihodt 'violent gales o£ wind that ever was known in theise latitudes. The damagd'* done was immense. Whole fjj>re8ts wei-e blown dowii ; the tide rose six feet above its ordinliiy level and all the dykes were destroyed. A considerable part of Fort Frederick at St. John was washed tt\<^ay. The descriptions given^of this storm naturally recall the effects of the great gale and tidal wave which did so much damage throughoui' the Maritime Provinces a few years agOi ' =' i ; • Tf . At^his period CSolonel Arbuthnot waa in command of Fort Freddi^ ■ ick, and its garrison consisted of about 150 or 200 inen. Th6 com' ir.aiidant was very busy in keeping the Indians' in order and watch* ing the French, and seema altogether to have had rather an uileasy; time of it. He succeeded in removing some hundreds of the French iji ii It 1 m^Al 14 tdB aietoBT ot 8T. ;toHH. n.. .xii I ■! 1 Idhibitatits of thd BiTer to other places. His soldiers appear to have grown tiradof tin mohoUmy ot life at St. John, for iti the spfteg of 1760^ In q>ite of all persuasioni 70 of them openly left in OBft sdhoonef and 80 in another^ to return to their homes in New Eng- land. This deiertion mnst have left Arbuthnot's garrison very weak and he seems about this time to have given up the command of Foft J^deriek, for Lieut. Tong was in command of it in July 1760. He represented his fort at that time as being greatly in need of repairs and •Iterations to make it defensible. In 1761 the settlement of the marsh lands about Sackville was commenced by colonists from the older Bngli^ colonies, and in the following year a number of English settlers removed to the St. John River, but in 1764 an immigration on a more extended scale took place. Mr. James Simonds, the ancestor of the present family of that name, with Mr. James White and C^)t. Francis Peabody arrived on the site of tlie present city of St. John on tho 16th April of that year, determined to make it their home. Simonds and White erect- ed small dwellings at the foot of the hill, now known as Fort Howe, Gapit Peabody commenced the formation of a settlement at Mauger- ville in the County of finnbury. This settlement, which was named after Joshua Mauger, an English merchant who was agent for the Province of Nova Scotia, was composed mainly of colonists from Massachusetts. Although the date of this settlement is generally put down 1766, it is quite certain tiiat it was completely established in 1764, aa is proved by a memorandum made in that year by Mr. Grant of Hnlifax^Vwho gives the number of English inhabitants tiien living on the St. John at 400. In 1765ithe settlement was erected into a county by the name of Sunbnry, and accorded two representa- tives in the House of Assendily at Halifax^ Large grants of land had been in the meantime made on the St. John to actual settlei^ and to influential persons who wished to. be groat landowners in Nova Scotia. But there was land enough for all and these enormous reserves did not hinder the progress of settlement. In 1766, Ensign Jeremiah Ifeara. was is conunandof Fort Frederlckt which was still maintain- ed aa a poet, and we And him writing to Halifax to complain of two o( the settlers, Israel Feiley and Colonel Glazier, for injury and violence to the Indians. The latter had a large grant at the mouth of Nerepis, which; ia named (mi tJm plans of that day, "Glazier's Manar.*^ In 1768 the troops were wiUutxanm from Fort Frederick^ except a corporti and four, man, and Messrs. Simonds and White left to pur- sue their peaceful avocatioiis,Sfishing awl fanning, without militai^ protection^ Tbia naaaauie seemd tu have emboldBned the Indians to gvm tcouble in a sneaking way, ami: in 1771 Ihey burnt thd stora^ ¥BB ttlSTOBT CF 1(1, JOHN. Ifi house and dwelling of Captain Jadia, 4 retired ofloer who had eettied at Orimroes for the purposes of trade. This act induced Governor Campbell to recommend the erection of a strong block house, proper- ly garrisoned, 'Ho protect a very increasing settlement on the banks of the St. John Biver, abounding vrith a most excellent soil." This blockhouse waa afterwards erected at Oromocto, The first representative fox the County of Sunbury in tjhe Nova Scotia Assembly was Charles Morris, son of the Surveyor General of Xova Scotia, and in 1774 James Simonds was also elected a mem- ber, the county being at that time entitled to two repreaentatives. A Court of Common Fleas had been held in Sunbury from the year 1706, so that the people on the Biver Stv John had all the parapher- nalia of government ; and, although they sometimes complained of the Indians, seem to have increased and multiplied, and gone about their daily routine of duty with a reasonable degree of assurance that their scalps were safe. But troublous times were at hand. Tlie disputes between Qreat Britain and her colonies on this conti- nent, which arose out of the attempt of the mother country to im- pose taxes wounded. Allan's force then retreated up riter, the Britisli pti^ suing them. Allan, who hc^d j^w;ceeded in gaining the gppd, wijl of th^ Indians. and promises of aid from tliem, was on. his way to the mouth (rf the River, when htf met his retreating force; in flyb boats. He • at once turned and ^ed with them, and oti the Ist July arrived at Maugervillel ()n,the following day he reach^ the Ihdian aettlement of Aukpague wherethe had been received withso muchcer&■ mony and con8idexatioa4)y the stitages a short time before. ' th«re all was terror and confusion for tne British were still in jpursuit. The Indians abandoned their settlement for the time and fled and the 8e(]^uel was that Allan, abandoned by his Indian allies and with, his own men oh 'the verge mutiny, had td make a hasty retreat to Maine, b/'^ajfof ^61 river and thel'lScoudac Lakes, bfriving at^Machias ASigV 5&&, lT?t. ' Thus ended thiij bold l^ttem^t to gain jkissppsion of the River St. John. ' ' On the 24^h September, 17tV, Mr.' Franklin, the IbdianConamiss^oner) madk fi trekty with th^ Hidicetes akd Micmacs tft; Fort Howe, St< JbMh, aiid from that time the Nova Scotia Government ejcperienc^d no difficulty with thfesei tribes. "TheJ post «t Fort Ho-We was held by a small force tinder the command of Capt. Studholm. 'He coimmehce<} the' export of masts from St. John for the use of the navy; ahc^'t'he first caJgo' of these J».rri^ed: alt Halifax Nov. 22nd, 1780. During the following wfntdt' a seeond d^^o -^as got ready at^St. John^^oh^ist- ing of iij[Jward8 of ^ '[^icks for masts, 'spars arid bowsprits, an4 they Veto shipped d^ board a transpbrt in |Kay, 1781. These (^ro- tion^ inconsiderable as] they ysrere, natiin^y drew workmeri to.^^. Jcflm^ tindAiark the begirinin'g of* the trade of this now busy ciit;y.. New Eiigland privfttcfers were; however, veiv active oti our coast; at' ^n i i M hi tifM aifTOBi or IT;. foHir* thftt iime And ChiMtaaad %p •tnuigto the ttfist^raundWiB ti our iR>rt« in May 1781 they oaptured % tebooMr Mon^ng Ct> Gfept. flbe&ld) laden with gooda for BU John, hutahe wm teikn by « ^oluntiBer tarofi from GomwalUa; Ih 1782 tlla cutting of apart on t^ 9iTer 8t; John went on without interruption, 4nd tl^ eettlaaventa eontinired •> grow in populationv In this year St. John had become a port of entry, James White being ihe ftrst opUeetur of custjotms;, The tonnagb which entered 8U John during that year amounted to 144 tpn% and the Teasels which cleared amounted tf> 166 tous. Aa a* matter of- curiosity, we append a fist qf the Teasels which entered and cleared i|t At. Jonn in that year : TsisaiA ni^TBBiD AMD . 17 Betsyi ••I**.. >'..'. •••••'••»«#■««• 10 Escape, .^.>10 Polly, , flally, 10 Lark, 18 Banger, r. . . .u. .« • 12 Prosperity, .-.10 Unity,.... ..10 opeedy, ».»*•••• .j..^ ...... ......•♦ 7 UttleTpm, Total tonnage^. Ckamt. Bosaun%..^. .•«.*.. goggJi- ' Betsy. • . . t .....,•**» . « ? I lOfBscape, |..,.../' "PoUf....... 8aUy,.....,.....^..< Lark,... Banger,.. *.• Proqterity;.... ........ Uni^,.v.»< .144 ....»..- 17 • ..».*••• o I . rm .■«j.j. 10 ,...,..,10 10 ...10 ........18 12 ......^10 10 90 Uttle Ton^...*......... ...ui.rSO lfonaguarti,.«..'....|. «..'>^80 Totel tonnage^; . . . ^ • • •.<• *.• 18S Such was the shipping of 8t, J(^ leas than a ctntury agq. AtoUrr ably correct idea of the state of the settlement* otx the 6t* John Biter at the close of this year, may be gathered from a letter written by Amos Botsford, an agent for the Loyalists, who had beei^ examining the country with a yiew to settlement* He says the inhabitants of the St. John Blver are "computed to be near a thousand m«n able to bear arms." He says also ^the settlers are chiefly poor people who come here and get their liring easily. They put down the trees, bom the tops, pi^t in a crop of wheat or Indian cor% which yields a plentt- ful increase. These interrals would make the finest meadows: Thie uplands prodnce both wheat of the summer and winter kind^ at we 11 6t Indian com. Here axe spnte wealthy farmeta, baring locks ^ cattle, the greater part 4^ the peoplf, ezcepting th» tpwnship 6f l^ngerrille^ are teawnte, or seated on the bsnV withojit le%Te or Uoenae, merely to get their liYing." The year 1783 was the most mernqrakte (tf ««y in ttte Bistdr;^. <^/pt. isAt3D^ tosit was Ob year Of the landing cif the Loyaliati.^ Ibi f^> them 8^ Johnfliiigiitliihrft strugglOIbB for yjSkrs threugh a prmrart*- THE BIBTOBT OF ST. JOHN. Iff ed ftnd sickly infancy, but the coming of the Loyalists brought it, in a few short months, from the dimensions of a hamlet tu those of a res- pectable town. The war betwjen Great Britain and her colonists was over, and the latter had gained their independence. Had they been wise they would Iiave teui^iered their triumph with modera- tion; they would have encouraged those who had espoused the Royal cause to remain and assist in building up the new nation which they had founded. Instead of this, they committed one of the most stupendous acts of short sighted folly ever perpetrated by a people. They passed edicts of banishment against the persons, and acts of confiscation against the estates, of the Loyalists. They drove them out, poor in purse iAdeed, but rich in experience, determination, energy, education, intellect and the other qualities which build up states, and with their hearts fired and their energies stimulated with hatred of republicanism ; they drove them out 70,000 strong, to build up a rival nation at their very doors, to found new communities in British America, destined to grow before a century had elapsed into a great dominion, which would never have had an existence but for the rash folly of those who persecuted the Loyalists. Early in the spring of 1783 the emigration of the Loyalists from the United States commenced, and the first ship load arrived at St. John on the loth May. Twenty vessels arrived between the 10th and 18th May. The names of these vessels were, the Camel, Capt. Tinker ; the Union, Capt. Wilson ; the Aurora, Capt. Jackson ; the Hope, Capt. Peacock ; the Otter, Capt. Bums ; the Spencer ; the Emmett, Capt. Reed ; the Tharnea ; the Spring, Capt. Cadish ; the JBridgewater ; the Favorite, Capt. Ellis ; the Ann, Capt. Clark ; the Commerce, Capt. Strong; the IViUiam; the Zort/ Tovmshend, Capt, Hogg; the Sover- eign, Capt. Stuart ; the Sallg, Capt. Bell ; the Cyrus ; the Britain ; and the King George,— twenty ships in all. Tliese ships were all from New York. The Spring was wet and cold, and no houses or ac- comn)odations being provided for them, the Loyalists did not land until the 18th May, a day that should never be forgotten by their descendants, or by the inhabitants of the city which they founded. These men were expatriated, exiles, men whose property had been confiscated,— who had lost their all for a principle, — men without a country. Yet among them were some of the keenest intellects of the revolted colonies, the great lights of the law and of the church, and the men who had filled high offices under the old order of things in New England and New York. Some had fought through the war in regular or partizan corps ; others had not ; all were not equal in merit, but all were involved in one common ruin. When the Loyalists reached St. John, civilization had made such small advances against the rugged might of nature, that with the ex- ''3 ■II ii Hi in 20 I HE niSTOBT OF ST. JOHN. ception of a small clearing about Fortllowo, tlie whole site of the pre h- vnt city and of Portland was a dense forest. It was rocky and rough too hcyond iho ordinarj' rudeness of a wilderness, and wo who have seen with what Titanic labor streets have been hewed through tlu> rocks in St. John, can form some idea of the forbidding appcanmce it must have presented to tlioso exiled and dispirited p. plu who ilrst undertook to found a city hero. The Loyalists landed on 'he 18th Miiy, tlie landing, in most cases, being effected at Lower Co>v near the old Sydney Market llpuse. A few log huts were the only buildings at tliat time on the site of St, tlohn, and the ilrst care of the Loyalists was to provide shelter for themselves. Temporary sheds were at first erected, and after- wards residences of a more substantial cluiracter. The first fleet of ships brought u])wardH of UOOO Loyalists to St. John, so that the task of providing sufficient accommodation for so many was no light one. Large numbers also arrived in fubseipu'nt vessels in tlio courso of tlie summer and autumn. They seem to have cntere;l on their task with great industiy and alacrity, and long before the arrival of winter, comfortable provision had been made for the shel- tering of all who an-ived. Most of the dwellings erected were built of logs, and the first framed house finished by the Loyalists was a place of worship. It was erected on a lot (No. \2lJ on the east side of Gerinain Street, about mid-way between Queen and Duku strcelH. It was used by the Episcopalians until Christmas day 1701, when Trinity Church was first opened, and subsequently, as a place of wor- ship, by the Methodists and Baptists. The Courts and the meetings of the Common Council were also held in this building until 1708. The Governor of Nova Scotia at the time of the arrival of the Loy- alists was John Parr, Esq., and St. John was at first named Farrtown, after this gentleman. The town was laid out in lots and granted to the Loyalist families residing heie, there being 1184 grantees in one grant at St. John and 03 in another. Great jealously soon arose among the Loyalists with regard to this matter of granting lands in the new colony. In August, l78S, the dissatisfaction was so great at Saint John that four hundred per- sons had signed an agieement to remove to Passamaquoddy. The ex- act reasons for the dissatisfaction which existed, are at this day a little obscure ; but there is no doubt that the undue partiality shown to some Loyalists of wealth and position, to the detriment of others who had suffered equally from the result of the war, lay at the found- ation of the troubles. Abijah Willard, who settled in the Parish of Lancaster, afld fifty-four others, addressed a petition to Sir Guy Car- leton, asking for extensive grants in Nova Scotia. They represented that their position in life had beey very respectable, and that previous THE niSTOBT OF 8T. JOHN. 21 to the Revolution, they had possegged much influence. They, there- furo, asked fur grants of land in Nova Sootia of the same extent aa had been given to fleld ofHcors. This petition waa made public at St, John, and caused much excitement. Many i>eople declared their pulsea beat too higli for them to become the tenants or vassals of the worthy fifty-five. It is pretty evident that our fathers were no more free from politicfil troubles than their descendants are at the present Tlie popidiition of the Province of New Brunswick towards the cloRo cf the year 1783, was estimated at U,4.')7. UpwanU of lliU) nuiro LnyallstH had arrived from New York in November of that yenr. Cily lots in Parrtown were worth from 82 up to §20, accortl- iuR to locality ; but real estate, owing to the g]'eat influx of people, lmer office now stands, was sold in 1780 t<. Dr. Adiiio Paddock for five shillings. It w;ould now be cheap at ten thouRncid dollars. The date of the original plan of survey of Pantown, is August Oih, 1784. It is signed by (iovernor Parr, Paul Bedell, Deputy-Surveyor, and Gilfred Studholm, Superin- tendent. The first winter si>ent by the new settlers was p severe one, and many died. Tljere is no record of the first Loyalist death in St. John; but the first man married was Andrew Stockton, and the fact is duly recorded on his tombstone. The year 1784 was rather an eventful one. The agitations, with regard to tlie ^'ranting of laud, continued at St. John, and a new one sprung up demanding a separation from Nova Scotia* Even in Nova Saoiia proiier, at this time and long afterwards, there were brisk contests between the Loyalists or new comers, and the old settlers. In August, of this year, information was received from England that that portion of No\ a Scotia north of the Misseguash was to be erected into a new Province by the name of New Bruns-- wit'k. On Friday, the 18lh June, 1784, the first of these calamities by fire, which have been so destructive in St. John, took phic^. Eleven houses were bunied, the suffurers being chieifly discharged 'soldiers of th? 42nd llegt. On the same day seven houses were consumed at the falls, and a; woman and chUd burnt to death, In August, of this year, Nelwjmiah Beckwith, aftei wards a resident of Predericton, built a scow or tow-boat to ply between Parrtown and St. t^n's, the: first attempt to establish regular communication between the two places, from such an humblfe beginning did the great traffic how moving on the St. John River take its rise. In October, Mr. Thomas Carleton, the Governor of the new Pro- 22 THE HISTOET OF ST. JOHK. vince of New Brunswick, arrived at Halifax with his family from London, in the Saint Lawrence, Capt. Wyatt, after a passage of eight weeks. On Sunday, the 2l8t Nov., at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, he arrived at St. John with his lady and family, having crossed the Bay from Digby in six hours in the sloop Ranger, Cornelius Hatfield mas- ter. He received an enthusiastic welcome from the Lo^'alists. ^ salute of seventeen guns was fired from Lower Cove Battery as the Ranger entered the Harbor ; and, as he landed, a similar salute was thunder- ed from Fort Howe. A great concourse of the inhabitants received him with shouts of welcome, and escorted him to the house of Mr. Geo. Leonard, cdmer Union and Dock streets, which had been fitted up for his reception. On his entering the house, the crowd gave him tliree cheers, and criefe of "long live our King and Governor." On the following day his commission was read, after which he was sworn in ns Captain Gereral and Commander in Chief. On the same day, Duncan Ludlow, James Putnam, Abijah Willard, Gabriel G. Ludlow, Isaac Allan, William Hazen and Jonathan Odell were sworn in mem- bers of His Majesty's Council, and its first meeting was held. The new Governor was addressed by the inhabitants, who called them- selves "a number of oppressed and insulted Loyalists," and congratu- lated him on his arrival " to check the arrogance of tyranny, crush ihe growth of injustice, and establish such wholesome hiws as are, and ever have been, the basis of our glorious constitution." They added that they were formerly freemen, and again hoped to be under his auspices. The friends of a Maritime Union will note with what resentful feelings the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were separated. Five days niiev this first meeting of the Council, Gilfred Studholm was sworn in and took his seat, and on the 4th Dec. Edward Winslow. In July, 1786, the number was further increased by the appointment of Joshua Upham and Daniel Bliss. The first Chief Justice of New Brunswick was George D. Ludlow, and the as- sistant judges were James Putnam, Isaac AUtin and Joshua Upham. All were sworn in on the same day, — the 25th November, 1784. The Supreme Court was opened for the first time in New Brunswick on Tuesday, Feb. 1st, 1786. It met in the building on Germain Street already referred to, whieh the Loyalists built for public worship. The Hon. George D. Ludlow and Hon. James Putnam were on the bench. After the formal opening of the Court, the Commission ap- pointing the Judges was read, and also the appointment of Ward Chipman as Attorney General, and of Colin Campbell as Clerk of the Courts. The first Grand Jury were as follows : Bichard Lightfoot, John Kirk, Francis Deveber, John Camp, Wm. Harding, John Colville, Henry Thomas, John Plazen, John Smith, Munson Jarvis, John Boggs, Oliver Arnold, Caleb Howe, David Mel- ville, Is Anthonj OnFe murder foimd thatocc THK HISTOBX OF ST. JOHN. 23 vilte, Isaac Bell, Richard Bonsall, Jas. Ketchum, Luke Thornton, Anthony Narraway. D. On Feb. 3rd, a true bill was found against Nancy Mosley for the murder of John Mosely. The prisoner was arraigned, tried, and found guilty of manslaughter the same day, and the petit jurj' on that occasion, the first empanelled, were as follows : Frederick Devoe, George Wilson, Abel Flewelling, Samuel Tilley, John Wiggins, Forbes Newton, Caspr Doherty, James Picket, John Cooke, James Suveneer, Jesse Marchant, Jeremiah Worden. On the same day, Michael and Abraham Mings, mulattoes, were found guilty of burglary, the latter being recommended to mercy. On the 4th, Peter A. Korman was found guilty of highway robbery, and Peter Thatcher of grand larceny. On the day following, which was Saturday, Nancy Mesely, who prayed the benefit of clergy, was sentenced to be branded on the left thumb with the letter M, and dis* charged. On the same day the first capital sentences were pronounced : Peter A. Korman, Abraham Mings, Michael Mings and William Thatcher, being sentenced to be hanged " on Friday night, between the hoars of eleven and one o'clock." Thatcher and Abraham Mings were afterwards pardoned, on condition of leaving the Province ; the other two were duly hanged on " Oallows Hill," the height of land overlooking the Mill Pond to the eastward of Fort Howe. Thus was usual Anglo-SaT.on desire to exemp^fy the advanced state of civiliza- tion which the Province had attained, by hanging somebody, satis- fied. The first civil triat was held in St. John Oct. 5th, 1785,— Chief Jus- tice Ludlow, with Justices Putnam and Allen being on the Bench. Tlie action was brought by Alexander Hackett against Thomas Han- ford and Bradford Gilbert. William Wylie and Elias Hardy were the plaintiff's lawyers, the defendants' were Amos Botsford and Ward Chipman. The plairttff got a verdict, with damages assessed at £12 lOs. This first civil jury wa^ composed as follows : James Linton, James Clarke, John Kennedy, John Marston, Andrew Bowman, Samuel Dodge, Kenneth McKenzie, Thomas Thomas, John Sharp, William Ellison, Andrew Rogers, Elias Skidmore. In February, 178y, Govenior Carleton selected St. Ann's Point as the future seat of government of the Province, and Douglas Camp- bell was directed to survey the town platt there, the place to be called Fredericton, after the Bishop of Osnaburg. On the 18th May, 1785, Parrtown and Carleton were, by Royal Charter, erected into a city, to be called the City of St. John. The new city w, there was considerable fear of French attacks, both in St. John and Halifax, and the Pi-ovincial Regiment was ordered from rredericton to St. John. Privateer vessels, sailing under French colors, wei'e at this time making havoc among the merchant vessels of Xew Brunswick and Xova Scotia. The House of Assembly ad- dressed the Lieuteuaiit-ricivernor on the subject of procuring cruisers or guard ships to be stationed in the Bay of Fundy. Additional de- fences Avere also erected at St. John, at the instance of the Lieut, (iovernor, which tlie House refused to vote money te pay for. Wil- liam Campbell was, in this year, appointed ^Mayor of St. John, an office which he continued to hold for more than twenty years. In tliis year, also, a grist wind-mill was erected oiv King Square on the lot on which the llazen Hou.se now stands. The enterprize was abandoned in 1800. In 171K>, tlfe commissioners, under the .')th article of the Treaty of Clhent, to determine which was the true St. Croix, were appointed. AVard Chipman of St. John was appointed Agent on the part of Hi.** Brittanic Majesty, nnd E. Winslow Secretary of the commission. In 1708, the commissioners gave their decision, Avhich was that the Scoudac was the true St. Croix of Chaniplain. In April, 1708, a severe ice freshet in the Riv.'r St. John caused much destruction on its banks. Nothing else of much moment is recorded of this year. In 1700, the Duke of Kent, who had been in England for his health, returned to Xina Scotia, and the corpor^ition of St. John sent him an address of welcome. The i>eople of New Bruns- wick this year also showed their patriotism by subscribing £3,08;') sterling, as k voluntary contribution to the military chest for 17Jt8. M 1 , I ■ 'i tl' . ■ j 1 i ^ ,.-, ■A ^J 28 THE HISTORY OF ST. JOHN. Prior to the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was not unfre- «|uent to see negro slaves advertised for sale in the Roi/al Oazette. Finally, the legality of slavery was tested before the Supreme Court. On Feb. 18th, 1800, the Supreme Court divided equally on this question, the Chief Justice and Judge Uphani holding slavery to be legal in this Province, and Judgrs Saunders and Allen considering slavery to be illegal. It was in this year that the first proposal was made of a survej' for a canal to connect the St. Lnwrence and the Bay of Fundy, a work wliich, though recently delayed by the jealously of Halifax, is destined in a few years to be an accomplished fact and of enormous benefit to St. John. In 1800, the war with France was going on with as much vigor as ever, and the 4th July of that year a ])ubiic fast was i)roclaimcd in this Province on account of it. In 1801, most of the counties re- ceived grants to aid tliem in erecting court houses and gaols. In this year the I^ike of Kent interested himself regarding the construction of a roa, gazetted as His Majesty's 104lh Regiment, the lirst Colonial Regi- ment of the line. On October Ist tive Commissioners of Customs, for a special Revenu* enc^uiry, arrived at St. John, and on the same day an order in Council was passed proclaiming St. John a free port. On the 30th October the Freedom of the City was granted to Lieutenant- Colonel McCarthy of the Royal Artillery, who was about to leavt- the Province. In 1812 the long impending war came. War was not formally dt- clared by the. United States against Great Britain until June 18tli, but the Colonist* had made preparations for it long before. A publii- fast was proclaim.)d in New Brunswick, but, while the people wer* I)raying, they were also sharpening their swords. On the 9th of March an act was passed appropriating the sum of £10,000 to His Ma- jesty in defence of the P;:ovince. This wasa handsome donation, tor the total revenue of .N'ew Bnmswick at that period was only £6,000. On the same day an act was passed, " to encourage the erection of a jias- sage boat, to be worked bj' steam, for facilitating the communication between the City of St, John and Fredericton. This act gave certain persons the exclusive privilege of navig«ting the St. John by steam for ten years, 1( I t S :l! ii I jif M :'.(> Tin; HISTOHV OF ST. .lOHN. LJiiU'il States privattH-r.s yooii began to .swavm uii tlie coast, Jiml tlif St. John people went into privateering on their own account, A hirge number of men-of-war also cruised in tiieBayof Fundy, so tliat I)e- tween the arrival of prize vessels and tlie excitement attending tiif news from the seat of war, matters were kejit pretty lively in St. .lohn. The peo[)le on the Ixn-c'ers of Xow Brunswick, on both sides M' the line, took no pai't in the contest, and this wise neutrality, while il l»r(!vente, while this i^o't'iit march of iht' (M)U« I'f tht! (ioyalist.s is soaicfly t.'\(.'r iiicnlimu'd. For the iiurpo.se of rertcuiuj^ some of the names of the men of the 104th from tile fate if Iieiii;; forifotten by their own countrymen, I aiti»enh)ie!, M. Hunt-r; Lf-C.t/onef, Alex. Ifalkett ; Majorx, Wm. Drunimond, liobert Moodie ; Cd/ifdiii.t, Thos. Hunter, (i. V.lierau, H. bfonarSurt/(oii'<, T. Emerson, W. Woodf(>rde; Ativnt, Mr Ridge. The de])arture of the 104lh Regiment left St. John somewhat bare if troops, although their ])laces were in i»art .supjdied by the 2nd Battalion of the 8th Regiment which remained here. In compli- ance with the wi,sh for more arms. Sir (ieorge Prevost sent from Jlali- 'a\x ten 24-poun(lers f(n' the l)atteries on Partridge Island and 1(XM) -land of mu.skets, by the store ship Diligence, but this vessel was driven a.shore in a snow stin-m on Beale's Island, to the westward of Macliias. The vessel and what was saved of her cargo fell into the iiandsof the enemy. About this time a New Brunswick Pencible Regiment was raised by (ieneral Coffin for the defence of the Pro- vince, and consideral)le numbers of militia-men from Westmorland lud other counties, were brought to St. John to assist the regulars in ;j;arrison duty. On ^londay, the 23rd day of May, 1814, the news arrived at St. John of the entry of the Allied Sovereigns into Paris and the abdication of .Vapoleon. (ireat rejoicings followed. An ox wa.s roasted whole" in King Square and the city was illuminated. The Treaty of Paris, -igned on the 3Utli of the same month, brought the long period of ■>var with France to a close. The war between Great Britain and the Tnited States was brought to a close a few months later. The conclu- ^M)\\ of this war brought a curious immigration to St. John. Many of the black slaves iu Maryland and Virginia had availed themselves of the presence of the British Navy in Chesapeake Bay and had taken \. i 'i: I 1 1 $ -i i 1 ■t' ^r' ■« . !! :i2 TUE UISTOKY OF 8T. JOlIX. iffuge on Ixmrcl the Knglisli men-of-war. Three hiuxlred of these emancipated slaves arrived at St. John on the 8th June, 181.'), and the people here wa.s a good deal puzzled how ta dispose of them. They were, aiibseciuently, settlfd at Loch Lomond, where their descendants are .still numerous. News of the totul defeat of Bonnparte at Waterloo was received at St. John towards the close of July, and of course the people rejoiced as loyal citizens should. A patriotic fund was raised in all the colo- nies, as well as in the mother country, for the families of the slain Mud of the severely wounded in that gi-eat battle. The large sum of t;i,.'»(XJ was 8uhscril)ed in St. John, the first sixteen names on one list opened here givinj; £470. A theatrical pei-formance was given in ihe old theatre at llie cornw of Drury Lane and Unicm street, which realized £20. That was the last time the building was used for tlleatrical purposes. Towards the close of 1815, orders were received to disband the -New Brunswick Regiment of I'encibles, which hid been raised by (General CofHn, and they were disbanded accordingly, on the January following. On February' 12th, 1816, the first advertisement of a steamboat to l>e run between St. John andFredericton, was published in the Roynl (fazetU', and on the 1 Ith of April the steamboat General Umi/th was launched at St. John. Slie was owned by J. Ward, R. Smith, H. . Johnston and P. Fmzer, aud a considerable degree of diligence seems to have been exhibited in fitting her out, for she arrived at Fredericton on her first trip on the 21st May. The crops this year all failed, the failure being the worst since 180."). On the 2nd February, 1817, General T. Carleton, who had been Lieu- tenant Goveraor of the Province since its first inception, died in Kngland at the age of 81. General Smyth became Lieutenant Govern- or in his place. On the 19th February, the New Brunswick Regiment, the famous 104th, was reduced. In this year a meeting washeli' in St. John for the puriMsse of establishing a national school. This year ihei)opulat.ion of New Brunswick was estimated at 35,000. It was in this year also that the first brick house was erected in St. John,— the building on the corner of Germain and Church streets, now occu- pitd by Dr. Ring. The following winter was a severe one, and Halifax harbor was closed by ice for thirteen days. During the Spring of 1818, the first pine logs were brought down the St. John from above Grand Falls, and it was in this year that citizens of the United States first began to assert territorial claims on the Madawaska and Upper St. John. About this time immigrants began to arrive in considerable num- bers. In June, 1819, about 3,200 immigrants, mostly disbanded THK HI8T0HX OF 8T. JOIIX. :V4 uoliliers, lainled in St. Jolm. An Kniigi'ant RegiHter Office whs eHtab- lishecl here ia October of that yoar, aiwl for some years after that time the numbei- of inimi^antH who annually came to St. Johr was large. It was the beginning of a period of great commercial prosiKjrity, of almormal growth, which well nigh ended in utter ruin. On the 3l8t December, 18l{), St. .John was visited by a tremendouB storm, which wrecked many vessels in the harbor. On the 20th March, 1820, the Bank of New Bnmswick was established. This institution, after an interval of Hfty-flve years, still existi*, with greatly increased capital and augmented pro8i>erity. Tlie trade of St. John was increasing so fast, that in October of this same year there were about a hundred square rigged vessels in St. John harbor. In 1822 the first cargo of deals was sent to England. In 1824 there was a great fire in St. John, which destroyed much property. In this year, which was one of great inflation and supposi- tious prosperity, a steamer was started to ply between St. John and Passamaquoddy. In this year the first census was taken, and the population of the Province was found to be 74,17r>. Tlie iwpulation of St. John County at this time was 12,907 ; that of Northund)erland was considerably more, amounting to 15,828. The great event of the year 1825 was the Miramichi fire, one of the greatest calamities that ever befel a people ; b\it it does not belong to the historj' of St. John. In Starch, 1826, a great and destructive fire took place in IndiantoAvn. The year 1826 was a sickly one in St. John, and, in a financial point of view, the most disastrous the city has ever known. Hundreds were ruined by the reaction in England after the speculative years 1824 and 1825, and much Colonia* timber was sold for less than it had cost to convey it across the Atlantic. It was long before St. John recovered from the disastrers of 1820. In 1827 steam navigation l>etween St. John and Digby was commenced, and has been continued to the present time. In December, 1828, the Court House on King Square was completed, a building of which the Ijeople of this city were then justly proud, for it was an ambitious departure from the prevailing order of architecture. Our forefathers having, unfortunately, got it into their heads that the city would never extend beyond King Square, put about one third of the Conrt House on the street, which will necessitate its removal some of these days. In 1831 the steamer Henrietta began to ply between St. John and Annapolis, and on December 20th of that year there was a veiy de- structive storm in the Bay of Fundy. In January, 1832, Partridge Island light was destroyed by fire. In March the St. John Water Company was incorporated and a Board of Health formed at St. John. f fl If ■ 1 ( ■ -1 - ■r^' t : :u Tin: ItlSTOHV OF ST. .TollX. In July ft vessi'l from NtnvYnrk bvoiiLjl.t a cism' of clinlfni to St. .lolm, l»ut she wnsiaumptly (lUuniiitiiieW. lii<)ct»>lt»Ti)t' tlii» ynirlwosltuni- »'i'H, tlie lf'o»(l.'if(c': unci./. JfV//f/, went iipCiniutl Like, luul liVDii^ht. «l()\vn two liinnlrt!(l cliiil.lions of coiiI, the lir»t ln'oiiylil U) St, John, from tlmt jiliicf. In Octolier, Irt'U, ch ileia broke out in St, J ilni.nnd boiit^ for l"n>. On April .'JUlh of the sam*' year Hteam navigati(m on the St. John took a decided advance. The steamer Xovclfi/ reached Woodstock, \mn^ the tlrst steamer thai succeeded in ascending the !Meductic Rapids. On ilay liUth the Provincial Ranks all suspended 8i>ecie payment, in sympathy with the money p.inic which overwhelmed America at this time. On August 7th the bridge structure over the Falls, which the Cumjiany above spoken of were erecting, fell and killed seven ptrsons. This year was signalized by troubles in l^ower Canada, and in consequence the 43d liegiment was marched overland from Fredericton to (^tiebec, leaving the former idace on the Kith December and reachi!,y their destination on the :28th December. The malitia of York md i<:. John Couutiea were called out at this time, and did garrison duty. On the 2d August, 18.'}8, a dreadfid calamity happened, by ihj upsetting of a boat in the Falls, nineteen per.«ons losing their lives. h\ this year the St. John Mechanics' Institute was established, Beverly Robinson, Esq., being its first President. The following year (ISSfl) was memorable for the boundary dis- putes, bringing Great Britain and the United States to the verge of ■war. St. John was intensely excited, but war, fortunately, was averted. In August another terribly destructive tire took place in St. John, by which property to the value of £'2(X).000 was destroyed. TlIK IIISTOIIV or ST. JOHN. 35 TIio i)ef)])lt^ of this city I't'cniiif .'^tly nlainnil, niiil, at a SptM-lnl S.'.^ioiis lit' tlic lii.'gisiutuiv, lifld ill St iitciiihcr, itii Act for the bctttT Idvvcntidn of fircH in St. John was pabMiil. On the "-'Tth May, 1840, Sir llarvcy liii,l'SI. Tlu iiicn-nse since the ctuisus nf I8'i4 had heeu very lar-,'!'. On the ITtli March, |841, there was an- other destructive lire in St. Jolin, at which four lives were lost I'uhlic ineotintjs were held ahoiit this time {<< petition Her Majesty against the removal of ilw duties on IJaltic tindier, by which Cohmial wood was protected. On the 17th August of this year the first haVta- lion of tlie St. Jolui City Militia, under the counnand of Col. Peter8, was presented hy His Excellency the Lieutenant (lovernor with a. suit of colors. On August I'tSth a calamitous lire, broke out in Portland, which destroyed 00 Ikmisch. The danuige was estimated at i.*Sints of mark for the historian. A tree rises in a century from being a sapling to be the pride of the forest, yet its growth is imperceptible, except to one wh'j compares its height and girth year by year. So it has been with St. John. It has had no period of sudden and abnormal development like Chicago ; fend, although it has suffered severe disasters, none of them have lieen overwhelming. Among the i>ointe of which note might be taken in the historj' of St. John, during the past twenty-five years, are the erection of the suspension bridge over the Falls, the development of its railway sys- tem, the teri'ible cholera visitation of 1854, the opening of the lines of railway to Shediac, to Fivdericton, to Bangor, and to Halifax ; the visit of the Prince of Wales to St. John, and the commence- ment and abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, the latter being the origin of the preient development of manufactures in St, John. As it is, I have traced St. John through its various stages of growth, through the French aswell as through the English Colonial i>eriod ; 'rem a wilderness condition to that of a wealthy and iX)pulous city, and a great port known all over the world. ST. JOHN XSD ITS Hl'SIXESS. 3: EX:i>R.ESS 3L.I3SrE- St. John River and North Shore Steamers. 0- Offlce No. 41 Dock Street. 0- AMOX. lie was bred to the lumbering business, which he ca.Tied on ver>' extensively in this PiDvince, and began hi> steamboat enterprise by becoming a stockholder in the old steamer New ]Jrun»wick in 1840. lie subsequently jmrchased the little steamer Lawrence, which ran on Grand I^ake, and afterwards on the river between St. John and Fredericton. lie then built, in 1860, at Carleton, the steamer Heather Bell -a boat ir)Ofeet keel and 300 tons— and ran her on the same route till she v,n» destroyed by fire at Fredericton in ISfW). The same year he Iniilt, at Carleton, the steamer Olive, of about 4r»0 tons, for the St. John and Fredericton route, on which she still continues. In 1807 he also b:iilt, at Carleton, the large and sjdendid river steamer RoMiesay, of 2(X) feet keel, 29 feet beam, or r».'> feet over guards, and of 839 g^o^s tonnage. She was built by the Messrs. Olive, from nrodels and siieciticatious furnished by M. S. Allison, a cele- brated steamboat builder of Jersey City. Shv. is in everj- respect a first-clasa ves-sel, tivoroughly appointed., having five saloons, is swift of speed, and is considered the finest stef^rier on our inland waters, and (I general favorite. A sail up t'"j t'l ■ . i.o Fredericton, which is her route, is a pleasurable trq), pud. it cho i)roper season, discloses scen- ery grand and beautiful, in Ax&ny re8i>ects eiiualing the beauty of t'le famous Hudson, diversified ytif'\ !o' ly forest -crowned shores b.-.: ex- panding bayc. He then, in 1870, built, a': Carleton, the fine steamer City of St. John, 17"» feet in length and o .tr 700 gi'oss tonnage. She is also from models and specifications furni.=.hed by the same steamboat architect who furnished them for the R<>thepay. This steamer is finely appoint- ed, and a great favorite on the i-oute where she eo satisfactorily serves the public travel. By this steamer the people of ti;e \ovt)» Shore of New L. unswick are put in easy commimication with eacli otlu^' s jtors and by rail '^vlm !! 1 ij ■j j f'. 1 ' !• f 1 i, 1 . M f .* It 88 EXPHESS ]>rNE OF STE^UJEIIS. Willi St. Jolui and Ihilifax, and travellers from tlic latter, or from the States, either on business or ]»leasure, are well sorved. She leaves Point du Chene, on the Straits of Novthumberland, \iY>on the arrival of trai:is on the intercolonial Railway from the west, sailing up the Straits, with Prince Edwaj'd's Island Hanking; the prospect on thrf t;ast, and making her lirst stojt at llichibucto, a town on the Richi- bucto -iver, abont lifteeii. miles from the i;oa. Thence she goes to Miraniichi Bay and up the !Miramiciii ri\er forty miles, to Chatham, a thriving town, engaged largely in steam mill- ing and lumbering. Six miles f urtlier up the river she reaches tlie thrifty village of Newcastle, the business of which is liimiiering and shii>ping. Thence down the river again, and around the Shytpe- gan and Miscou islands, she enters the waters of the Bay de Clialeur and reaches Bathursi, the Shire town of Gloucester County. This is ilie great salmon ground, and the business of the town is the sahiioii and lobster fisheries, the products of which are here canned in great ([uantities. (Jn the opi)osite shore, in tlie Province of (^utibec, are the famous salmon grounds of Paspebiac and Cascapedia, which annually attract hirge numbers to engage in the business or sport. The steamer then calls at Dalliousie, at the head of the Bay and mouth of the Resti- gouche ri\er, noted for its salmon and lobster fisheries, the appvoacli to which is among the magnificent and jucturesque scenery of the TJestigouche. The route then continues up this charming river eight- toen mU's,tothe head of navigationat Canipbellton, from which place a beautiful drivii of sixteen miles brings one to ^letapedia, at the iunctio'i of the Kestigouche and Metaijedia rivers, a locality al)ound- ing in the most charming and picturescjue scenery and finest fishing — a region wliich once visited u never to be forgotten, and when its attractions are once experienced, it is difficult to resist a second visit. This point is tlie terminus of the steamers route, which, along the coast and up the several rivers that give such variety to the sail, makes a travel oi three hundred miles— a round trip over which is nuide once a week. Summer pleasure travellers, who seek for cool and invigorating air, delight in varying and beautiful scenery, which ocean, bay, river and landscai)e afford, and who take pleasure in the pursuits illustrated i)y Izaac Walton, will find on the North Shore and \ on this route all the material and facilities necessary to make a sum- mer jaunt agreeable and full of lasting recreation. Those who have visited and sojourned in tliis region have come away full of enco- miums of its attractive features, and thousands will continue to do the same. In IS()4 Mr. Lunt associated with him in the sieambuat business Iris two sons, Joseph A. and Reuben G. Lunt, who had for many years lieen connected with their father in the lumbering and shii»i)ing busi- ness and assisting in the management of his steaniboat interests, and the name of Kxiiress Line was then taken. At Mr. liUnt's ileath, in 1873, the sons, in honor of llieir father, made the firm style Knoch l>unt i.'v: Sons. St, we ST. JOHN VXD ITS IJL'SIXESS, iM) % ^ ^ INTERNATIONAL STEAMSHIP COMPANY. St. John, Eastport, Portland and Boston Line. ■— — o H. W. Chisholm, Agent, St. John. SiKAMitOAT XAVHi.vTiON between St. John and the West tktes hark just half n century. Tlie niasnilicent steamer Tom Thumb made its little bow in St. John harbor in J 824. The next year the Anieri- '^•'ui Eagle plied between St. John and Kastport. Other and larger boht. succeeded from time to time, and extended communication wi-' t\ ard, till they reached Jioston via Kastport and Poilland. James "'.' luney's name is pnmiinently C()nnect(»rl with tliis navigation. ii.1 t)ut 184,'», James Cunningham, of Boston, i)at on the Hne boat**. Admiral and Senator — the former being soon purchased by the East- port people, and the latter sent to California waters, where she now runs. Tht Int'-rnational Steamship Company was formed in 18(iO. Their first boat, the Xew Brunswick, built expresslj- for the route, made her first trip May 7, 1801, Capt. E. B. Winchester in command. They then purchased from the Calais Company the Eastern City, Capt. Enos Field, and from the Eastport Company the Admiral, selling the latter siiortly to the American Government for war i)urposes. The Eastern City and NewBrunswick made the line till 18('),'>, when the Xew Eng- land, built, for thf» route, came on the line, and the Eastern City was sold 'tj ;a * .nerican C-overnment, and Capt. Field took command of the^'e>* ..if- .'nd. Tb . X'i-^' L".£;laiid waH wrecked oa the " Wolves " July 22, 1872, and tlu i->:'C'V. in^' year the City of Portland, under command of Capt. S. 11. Pliv- .0 >w her place on the route. In 186,") they bought the fast and oji'.?!' it8th«wner Xew York, which had ]>reviously been brought here frou] Lake Ontario by Messrs. Small Sc Ilatheway and run in opposition, and then sold to E. A. Souder i^ Co., Philadelphia. She was a tlag of truce boat during the American war, and a great favor- ite. Capt Chisholm brought her from Ontai'io and was in comman1 they bought the small steamer Madawaska, wliich was running on the river between Grand Falls and St. Francis, hauled her across the portage, and ran her on the river and tributaries below the Falls. The same year they bought the Reindeer, a small steamer of 200 tons, with high and low pressure engine and liglit draft, to ply on the river to Woodstock and Grand Falls. They rebuilt her in 1862, changing her name to Antelope. Sold her in I8t»9 to D. Glazier Sc Son. She is now used as a tug boat on the river. In ISrv'i they built the small stern-wheel steamer Richmond to ply on the ui)i)er waters; and in 18.55 bought the steamer John Warren, which was built in Woodstock to run in opimsition. Both of these l)<>al8 have passed out of existence. They bought the St. John in 18r>S, a steeple engine steamer of about 800 tons, and continued her on the Fredericton route for about .seven years, selling lier and steamer Union about \^'yli. The St. John was lost off Cape Ilatteras. In lS.'i7 they built steamer K:npeior,Jof VMON LINE BAY AND niVER STEAMERS. 41 800 tons, at Cavleton, which they ran at first to Portland an.l Boston and afterwards in the Bay of Fundy. She was soM in 1871 and wrecked in Penobscot Bay in 1372. Built steamer Empress of 660 tons in 186.5 to run between St. John, Digby and Annapolis, on which rout«' she still runs in summer. In 1861 they bought steamer New York of 1000 tons at Ogdensburg, N. Y., and brought her down the Lachine Rapids and St. Lawrence river, and put her on the St. John, Eastport, Portland and Boston route. Chartered her one winter to the American government for ^var puriioses, and sold her in 1863 to E. A. Souder & Co., Philadelphia, who sold her to the International Company for the St. John and Boston route. She is now the finest boat on the line having been in charge of same captain and engineer since «he ■^as brought here from Ogdensburg. Tlie firm of Ilatheway Sc Small was dissolved by the death of Mr. Ilatheway in 1866. A few months after, Mr. Small formed a partnership with Capt. Charles II. Ilatheway, brother ot the deceased, who had been master of the Forest Queen from 1849 till 1860, having a third interest in her from 1854. He had also, previdusly, an interest in the Emperor, Empress and Antelope. The new firm purchased all the steamboat interests of the de- ceased. They also, in 1866, built the river steamer David Weston (named after a master in the employ of Ilatheway it Small from the beginning) a fine boat of 765 tons, for the St. John and Frederic- ton route on which she now runs. The next year they built the swift steamer Fawn, of 621 tons, for the same route, and in 1869 built the May (Jueen, of 502 tons, to run on the river and Grand Lake. These three are superior boats, well adapted for passenger travel and other business. In 1871 Mr. Small purchased for the firm, in London, the steel- plated, feathering-float side-wheel steamer Scud. She is 23.') feet in length, 14 feet hold and 27 feet beam, has two trunk engines of 60 inches cylinders, and 4 fe,et stroke, aggivgating 240 nominal horse power. She was built expressly for the mail and passenger service across the channel between Dover and Calais, to run on that rough . water on time. She has made 21 knots per hour. After purchasing, they put a dining saloon and other works on deck. She runs, in winter months, across the Bay of Fundy in connection with the Anna- polis and Halifax railway, and for siieed, regularity and con)fort in most admirably adapted to the route and is deservedly a favorite vessel* During the imst severe winter she has not lost a trip. Her bertli is at Iteed's wharf. The Union Line of Messrs. Small & Hatheway fills a woithy place in St. John and its business connections, and from the beginning to the present lime they have been proprietors of seventeen different steamers. 42 uxrox r.iNE li.vY and imvjik steameks. PERSON A I- HISTOIIY. Air. Frederick VV. Ilutlieway was born in Burton, (»n St. John river in ISll ; moved to Lmcastev 1818, where lie enjja^^ed in millin^i- tlience to Fretlericton in 18.>'>, engaging' in mercantile business, hnn- bering and supplying, and moved to St. John in ISoi and died in 18(>0. Charles II. Ifatheway was born in Lancaster hS22, went t<. Tredericton 18.*)4, and came to St. John in 1848, and was master of the Forest (^ueen eleven years. Otis Small was,l)orn in Wales, State of Maine, in 1808 ; learned the mason'9 trade in Portland, Ale., and, in 18.']0, when 21 years old, moved to Bangor, where he pursued his trade, lie came to St. John just*aftev the great fire of 180!», which laid in ashes so large a portion of the wood-built business district about Dock street and North Wharf, and built on contract a large portion of the brick buildings in the burnt district, encountering a great deal of opposition. lie has erected nearly one half of the brick structures now standing in the city. Among the prominent structures erected by him were the Custom House, in 1842-43; the Lunatic Asylum, in Carleton, in 1847-48, and the towers of the Suspensioi . vid." \ Tie also built in Fredericton the beautiful Episcopal Cathedral, St. Ann's Chapel, Barker Block, and a portion of the military barracks lie was a prominent mover in the erection of the Victoria Hotel, and is President of the A'ictoria Hotel Company. During his active career liere he has exhibited an in- domitable energy and perseverance*, and his enterprise and public spirit have largely contributed to the prosjierity of St. John. THE OI'EnA HOI'SI':. In 1871, Mr. Small erected a tine block, in Dock street, of eighty- three ft. front and eijual to four stories in height, with gothic windows and covered with mastic. The lower tloor is occupied by stores, anil the ^\'lllole of the upper i>ortion is thrown into a high and spacious hall, with roof supported by arches resting on columns, which also support the galleries around the walls. The stage is deej) and well adapted for operatic entertainments. The sittings are on a rising floor, and will accommodate about a thousand persons. The street access to the hall is wide, and the whole arrangement is admirably adapted for popular entertftinments. The general interior, with the exception of the stage, resembles a well-modeled church. It is one of the tinest halls in tlie city. pi. JOHN AXp ITS 3JUSINE.SS. 4:{ The Intercolonial Railway. V, .1. BRVDGE!>i, General ii$upt« 1' I .• f'» R. I.t^rTREl.1., To AvniiE the hiyitiivy of tlie various negotifitioiis with regav'ew Brunswick, and ihe old Province of Canada to bring it about. All these effoi-ts, however, failed for various causes, which it wouldtake long to tniim- t-rate and the Intercolonial Railway, notwithstanding the fact that its route had been twice surveyed, first by Major Robinson In 1840, and by Sandford Fleming. in 18^64, was, at the consummat' .n of confeder- ation, still an idea. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, however, find- ing there was no chance for the larger plan, AVent on building rail- ways, which eventually became parts or In'anches of the Intercolonial. In this way the road from Halifax to Ti'uro and the branch to Wind- sor, was built by the Government of Xova Scotia, and also the brancii from Truro to Pictou. New Brunswick built a railway from St. John to Shediac, which was opened in 18.'»9, and was in course of building eastward from Moncton towards Amherst, when Confederation was accomplished. The construction of an Intercolonial Railway be- tween Quebec and Halifax was a part of the teniis of the British North America Act, 1867, by which the Provinces, which now form the Dominion of Cjinada, Avere united under one fiovernmciit. Then commenced a battle (tf the routes, which was waged vigorously for a year or more, — the advocates for the St. John Valley roiite, the Central route and the North Shore route,— each contending in speech- »?s, letters, newspapers andpamptilets, that their particidar route whs the best. Eventually, the North Shore route via the Gulf and Bay Chaleur was adopted, and this year will witness the entire f ompletion of the Intercolonial Railway, except the bridge over the North-West Branch of the Miramichi, which has been delayed owing to the diflft- culty of obtaining a proper foundation. The main line of the Intercolonial, from Halifax to Riviere du Loup, where it joins the Grand Trunk, is 561 miles in length. Its l^ 44 TIIK 1 N Ti;i!C( )!.< »N I \ 1. H V I LW \ Y . i»v(in('lu'y nrp, » Itvniich Si' miles lonj? toWindsur, n hrnncli r»2 inilnn Idiijjf from Truro to Pictoii, a Inanch 1 1 iiiilfs lon^ to Point dii Clifiie. a Itraiich 80 luilfs lonjj lo St. John, a brancli ■> miUs lon^' to Cliatlinm. and a bnincli, iirojectt'd, 4 miles long to Dalhoiisiic. The gauge of the road is 4 feet 8^ inchesi, the older portions of the line, Avhicli originally were '• feet (» indies, having bet-n changed on the l^^th and J'.'th of June of this year. The Intercolonial was built under th»^ management of four commissioners, of whom the present Superin- temlent was one, and, in juiint of completeness and e.vcellence, is among the finest roads on tl»is Clonial, the link that binds the Provinces of Canada t(»gether can never be broken by a foreign power. G. « ST. .lOHX .VM) ITS IIOUNKSS. 45 European and North American Railway. H. 1). :9Ice.e:od, AM«t. siipt. This Railway, wliicli ;j;ives« the peoijlt* of Xew Brunt<\vick nml t!n' United States easy an«l rapid intercommunication and a bettter ennimercial and social iK'»|iiointance, was a part of the grand idea formed in 18r>0 for shortening the route to Kurojie by railway con- nection with ocean steanisihips at the most feasible eastern jKiint. A convention was held in Portland, at which the late John A. Poor and other leading railroad men took imrt, and the movement simul- taneously engr^f^ed the attention of prominent minds in Ntv/ Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia. The turning of the first 8oinet, the (iovHrnor (leiieral of tile Doniinion and, jirinciiial officials, ajul tlii' chief uiH^iiHtiales of Maiaeajid New Urunswick. ' '.■■^'!" - The Maine and \ew Brnnswiek sections of ilie road were under the luanaj^enient of the .-iepanite companies under which Ihey were .VV*iV*ti'Ucte(i |ilijj)ff. ie(7y,nvhen tliey.wi«fr»<-oilf!olidlit(J(J,Avithdieftd- (jiiarters n,l Iinu'^\)y, ^ ^ }\ i,siuij» o|"^$Vt^| l|e«vliui^ ?"n the St. John, and with St. Stt^phen, Calais and 8t. Andrews on the St. Croix. ]Jy means of it too, when the l^ake Megantic road Ih completed, St. .Tohn will be brought within 44t>m lies by mil.nf Monfrool, and will be in a positi;M) t*) compete with Portland for the winter shipment of freight from the Ujiper Province!*. -,; .ii;i . .^i-r. .juh ' .ir. u- : ■ ^ .11' : ■ At present there- is a breakof fjauge af Rahj^or— tW European and North American Railway being on a gauge of o feet (5 inches, a gauge imposed on the (ii*and Trunk by the people of Portland; but the change of gauge oh the Intercolonial will shortly, bring about a re- duction of the gauge of this liiie to 4 feet S.4 inches, and this will tend gieatly to facilitate transport between St. John and the West. .tl! ifftil) iKi'Uil-.dit !«A'x i'';./"i''ii>ifiJJi. .'-..•J. Ji- ll IKCUll ■C^ t;?»;-^' i'.U iliJKlJOi: '!' •t!'.''< ili.'ii STEAM CO.MMUMCATIU?f. / » • i • V. 't I, y. /. f» ' . - . - •U-Ii:igl»8, an months the jirospect was surticienl til dainit all, save the most hardy, from enVounterin^ the tlisfuniforts of ft Inncsonu'' ilrive throiii,'h n sparsely inhabited onimtvy. Tliost- w!io remember the oM \orth Amerii'a. of that pioneer steflml)oat .iwner, James Whitney, or were tnsseil on the waves of Fundy in the curions tubs, RTaid of Krin. Creole, and other boats now nearly for- j^otten, will remember the days of the i)ast with interest but not with i"t,'ret. It was then that th-- people looked forward to i*ailway» as a reality of the dim future. The most sanguine ones hoped to see the day -when the rails wc^tdd be laid from East to West over the Province, but the vast army of conservatives x>i*'^l>Iit^8ied such a con- -iimmation as a vision -which would continue a vision long after they liad passed away. That day has arrived, and many who once ridi- culed the hoi>es of their sanguine fellow men, enjoy the bk-saings which the railroads of to-day have brought. Saint Jolm is now well provided with steam coniinuuication of all kinds. The Consolidated K. iS: X. A. Kaihvay brings the tide of travel t'ri.m the West. lu addition to this the Grand Southern Railway Company are making the surveys for their line, which will run frouj fcjt. John, to St. Stephen, by the way of St. (ieorge, and connect with the Shore Line in Maine. A large pas.senger and freight businestt i> done by the International Steamship Coiai)a?iy, which finds trafiic to engage it the year round. The steamer Uoniiniou, belonging to parties in Yarmouth, X. S., makes weekly trips to Boston, calling at Yarmouth. Another line, with Mr. C. L. Kichards as agent, has been projected, to make connection with Portland lui Yarmouth. ,,, [,,,,, On tlie Bay, the Scud runs between St. John, Digby and Annat^oHs, and once a week to Windsor, connecting with the railways to Hali- fax. ■ .■ . . To tlie Eastward, the Intercolonial railway is, of corwse, the great medium of communication with Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, connecting with tli«» latter by rteamer. On the Eiver the Express and Union lines give excellent accommo- dation during the summer months, and are swift, safe, and in every way reliable boats. No pleasure-seeker can afford to miss a trip up tlie river in one or the othe^ of these steamers, making, if he chooses, the return by the railway which runs fi-om Fredericton and connect*' with the Consolidated' railway at Fredericton Junction, The sketclieS of the principal lines above-mentioneuri)OHe to give the history of the various jiublications which shed th"ir liglit on a former generation, and whicii are n(»w themselves extinguished. The longest lived was the Xew lirumtoich Ctmriei; which continued from 1811 to 18»'m. (Juite a numlier have had an ephemei'al existence and are <|uite torgotttjn. We have t»nly sj)ace to outline the Press now living, and subserving, with such varied ability, the moral and political interests of a newspaper-reading jHjople. THK ST. .lOllX DAII.y XKWM has the honor of being the oldest wi the list. It was started in 1838 as a tri-weekly morning paper with a weekly issue, by George E. i'enety, Kstj, Its price was one j»enny- being the first i»ei.ny paj^er ever established in the British Empire. It was originally of about foolscap size, but from time to time was enlarged, and in 18(53 was the largest morning paper in St. John. Its founder was an advocate of Liberalism, and was especially earnest, in his advocacy of Res- ponsible Government, which he had the satisfaction of seeing an ac- complished fact. Mr. Fenety became (Queen's jn-inteVfor New Bruns- wick in 1863, and placed the iSVuM in charge of Mr. Willis as Editor and General Manager, himself still retaining ownership. In Dec, 18<).'), Mr. Fenety sold the News office and pa^jer to Messrs. Edward Willis, James Davis and Stephen Smith, the latter soon re- tiring, after which t^ie establishment was conducted by WiUis iS: Davis till 1872, Ml". Willis still retaining his former position on tjlie paper. In December, 18(58, it started out in a daily issue, in addition to its tri-weekly and weekly issues, which it has continued till the present. It was soon after enlarged to its jn-esent size. In 1872 Mr. Willi? l)urchased Mr. Davis's interest, and managed the pai)er until July, 1873, when he gave Mr. Mott, who had been accountant in the concern for several yeais, an interest in the paper and print- ing establishment. Mr. Willis manages the editorial and Mr. Mott the business dejmrtment. Mr. Willis has represented the City and County of St. John in the Local Legislature for live years, being elected for a second term of four years at the 1874 election. He has been for three years, and now THE pui:ss Ul' ST. aoii.N. 49 i*, a nifiiibor of tlu- Nt'w UrmiHwick luivenniu'iit. Tin- Xew» wan iiiiioiig the first aitii)H, and in a Mtn»nj< (*in»in»rt.T • if Prt-'e, N()ii-8t'ctariaii ScIiooIh. It lias thvce i«»ueH— a /», which meeting with a fair fuccess, he again sounded the iK)pular pulse on the tpiestion of a daily paper, and in IS.'ifi stand the Dailif r.votiiiuj rz/oiW', which was in the interest of the regular Liberal ])arty, which was headed by Hon. S. L. Tilley. After running it about two years, he sold out to John V. KUis and Cia-istopher Armstrong in December, 18(iJ. Mr. .Xrmstrong came from Ireland when veiy young, and learned the jwinting trade in thy Mormuf/ yeivs office with Mr. Kenety. Mr. Ellis is a native of Hali- fax, where he learned the printer's trade. He came to St. John about • ighteen years ago, and served as reporter on the editorial staff of the ^^omin;f Xews and other papers. The Globe occupied itremises at the corner of Pr ' acees and Canter- It iiry streets, in rooms formerly occupied by the Cohnutl Empire (and the Telegraph was in the same building) in November, 18<)4, when lioth were burnt out. But neither lost an issue. The office was then moved" to the premises recently occupied by the Trilmne, but in ^Fay, 1871, tlie proprietors purchased and moved into the spacious l^uilding on Prince AVilliam street which they now occupy. Both being practical printers as well as -writers, success attended tlieir enterimse, and the pajjcr, in May, 1807, wa« enlarged to i>ages of seven v. jlumns, and in July, 1874, to eight columns, with propor- tionate ii:crea8e in length. Tiie Globe maintained the political character with which it started until the Liberal j>arty divided on the question of Confederation, when it sided with the opponents of the Confederation policy. The Globe has a weekly issue. 50 'IHE PfiESS OF ST. .IOKV TIIK DAILY TKr,E(iB \I'ir. Tluj Tdef/raph U the product of Uie union of tjvo pai>ert!. Mr. John Liyinf);.stoii, in 18(;2, started the Tde(/r(ii)h as a tri-weekly and wetkly. in June, 18G4, it was issued as a nuirning daily, and continued thus about a year, and, though a credit to the euterjirise of th;- proprietor, proved aliead of its time. It then went back to its tri-weekly issue. Mr. William Elder started the Moniiii;/ Jonnuil in ifay, I8fi.'>, as a tri-weekly and weekly. Tlie proprietors of the two papers c<»nceivint; that thf> time had come for the permanent establishment of a daily morning i)aper, effected a union iu 180',». The TW/'z/m;)//, ])eing the elder, led off iu this union, and the new ] taper was de.«iignate(l T/te St. John Tehufraph mid Monnnf/ JourniiL with Mr. Tiivingston rs projirietor, and Mr. Kldev as leader wviier. ■ , ' , ;. By thip, union a large list was spptu'ed for the daily and weekly issues, and improved machinery was introduced. But its journalistic was greater than its financial success, h\ 1871 Mr. Livingston sold the establi-sment to Mr. Eldei- at a pretty high tigure and retired froui the paper. The editonal staff was then reorganised in all ith depari- nients, and the e.=;tal)lishment has boeU: under Mr. Elder's sole pro- ])rietorship and niauagement sinqei .iTn 1873 the conipoimd nanie was chauged to the mpre siAH>le title of The Ikdhi Telet/raph. During the year paat, Mr. Elder was ably assisted by Mr. Livingston in the eued a tri-weekly, both of wliich he still continues. Mr, Anglin sat for St. John. County in tliC Xew Brunswick Assembly from 1801 to 18()C. THE PRKSS OF ST. .TOHX. ol wlien he was (Icfeatecl on the (juestion of Cunferlpvation. Tie has sat fir Gloiieestt^r in the Dominion House (if Commons sinct' the Con- ffMlnratioji. bfi.uitf rrturuel UyiacolMiinti'^ti Jit last general election. He was^lected S',e?ker in March, 187-l-»'-- ••• rf^ -^ 1 t - 1 ' .• TH 1^, WKEKI.Y r-RKSS. IT f I I t r •. ? 'The Itelifjionit InMlif/crK^r — CtVfrfin of the Free Baptist ilenonii- nation— was established in 183.3 by Rev, E. McLeoil. It was first issued a.s a luonthlj, and in its second year became, and has since Continued, a weelily.' At Mr. McLeod's death in 1807, his son, Rev. Jos, JIcLeod. resi'Iir:;' in t-'i-ederieton, succeeded as proprietor and editor, (ieo. W. Day vrrs the fir.st publisher, antl the paper is now issued from tlie office of Bornes iS: Co. ■ T/te Christian r«/'/or—org.ah of the. Associated Baptist Cliuiches of N'ew Brunswic': — was started in 1847 by Geo. W. Day, and edited by R-.'v. K. D. Very. In 1S48 it was pfirfliased by the Baptist Associa- ti.)n. Rev. I. K. J\ill is ijow proprietor and editoi", It is published iiy Barnes & Co. .„ . \, ... The Presh/f prion .4fAww/«, in the interest of the Presbyterians, was started about 18t')7 l)y Mr. Jolin Livingston, editor and proprietor, and i.ublished at t;;o Toh-araph otTiee. TUe old Colonial Prcsbi/ieriiin was merged in ta»* w«tvK//;c in LSov). _ ^ ' _ ' . , The Watch ui't.) is a i^ew candiilafe for popular favor, comnitnciu;j: May 1st, 187'. The proprietcr ami editor is Mr. Joliii Livingston, long and Avel! known in the newspaper tield. It is a finely printed paper, from thf office of Messr*. McKillop it Johnston. Tn politics it is in opposition to tlie j>reseiat Doiiiiuloii Goveniiiient, and is a s|>rightly and readable paper, Avhibh will undoubtedly make its mark. The Xeu' Dominion atid Tnie IInmoriKf was started in 18()4 under tlie name of tl:-- True Iluiuoriit, Its present title was assumed on the advent of Confederation in 18(57. Mr. (ieorge W. Da^ is editor and projirietor. The paper ia deA'pted to satire and jiolitics, and claims to be independent in all things. Mr. Day is proprietor of tlie New Dominion Steam Printing IJstabliahnient, and is well known as a s'lc- eessful printer. , . The Maritimo Trade lievtewwAH estal)]ished January, 1874, I)y Mr. Jones, ami is now conducted by Mr. Ira Cornwall, Jr., who has a good record in connectiou with se\'eial joiu'uals in the Iii)per Provinces. It is the only pui*e!y commercial pexiodifsil publisheil in the I'roviiicej*, The Te.m}tera7He Journal is al^out Ha e years old, and is edited and pubiislieil by S. B. Pattersouw ,t.U(; it I* . The Carlettm JfoHiJ^/y, edited aild ])ubl shed by J. A. McLean, wn.'* started tw.) years ago, and has a special outlook for the West Side. IW)-! 52 8T. .lOUN AND ITS BUSINESS. Eaton's Oommercial College. PUXCMIE'S BTLTILDINO, IPRINCESS ST. A, H. EATON, Principal and Proprietor. Mil. A. II. Eatox is the founder of the Commercial Colleges now in successful operation in the Maritime Provinces, lie is a native of Wayne County, Oliio, and prepared himself by a wiorough exj)erience in all brandies of actual " business for the successful iiiana).> nt ji these colleges. Previous to coming to St. John, he was c- inected with the Commercial College at Chatham, Ont., and subsequently with a similar institution at Ottawa. He establishtd the college in St. John in February, 1807, and tlieefficiency of his system, as well as his own merits as an instructor, were early recognized by the public. In the month of May, 1867, he established a branch at 1 Halifax, which was ])laced in charge of Mr. S. S. Caun, and in 1870 he associated with him Mr. J. P. C Frazee, the Halifax firm style being now Eaton & Frazee. The Colleges at St. John and Halifax continued to gain in pojmlarity, and encouraged by their success Messrs. Katon I't Frazee, in October, 1873, established a branch at Charlottetown, under the cliarge of 3Ir. T. B. Reagh, the firm style being Eaton, Frazee & Reagh. 'Hiese three colleges are now in successful operation, and are « justly looked upon as valuable adjuncts to the educational institutions of the cities in which they are situated. Mr. Eaton gives his immediate supervision to the college at Saint .lohn. Tliis institution is attended by about sixty students during the winter numtlw and by about one-third tliatnumber during the summer season. The test of its efficiency is found in the number of men in every branch of business, who bear voluntary testimony to its value, in having prepared them to occupy their present positions. The branches taught are -book-keeping, by single and double entry, com- mercial aritlimetic, banking, railroading, and steamboating, exchange, the management of estates, the methods of openuig and closing books, the management of joint stock companies, telegraphing, com mercial law and commercial correspondence. Particular attention is also paid to penmanship). Messrs. Katon & l"'«azee have also published a treatise on commer- cial arithmetic and one on book-keeping, both being well arranged text books. In addition to these, Mr. Eaton has recently i)erfected a comprehensive system for the management of the books of Building and Investment Societies, which is also well adapted to the i-etjuire- ments of bankers. He is also in constant requisition by parties recpiir- ing the adj)istment of books and estates. ST. JOHN AXD ITS BUSI.NESS. o;j TTIOTOI^IJ^ iEiOTEIj- Corner of Gtermain and Duke Streets. o To erect and establisli a public house in St. John, in every way worthy of the commercial importance of the growing city, an«l which shoukl comi)are favorably with the best modern hotels of American cities, and satisfactorily accommodate the increased travel from ail quarters, the [mltlic-spirited merchants and business men i)f St. John, in 1869, united in jn-ojecting the Victoria Hotel. In the acconipli^ltnient of this enterju'ise, the services of Messrs. Washburne & Son, of Boston, were secure, aud the furnishing about $00,000. The management of the ho\ise, now hi the hands of Mr. G. W. Swett, with Mr, J. M. (lib')s Chief Clerk, is first -class in cveiy respect. For the first year it was in charge of ilr. B. T. Cregau, since which time, until the I'eceni cliang", it has been managed by a Club, witli (•omi)eteut clerks and house-keeper. It deservedly holds the first l>lace among the hoiels of the Dominion, and is a credit to St. .John mid '''e public spirit of t!ie Victoria Hotel Company, which erected it, of which Otis Small, Efn{., is President, and W. Herbert Sinnott, Esq., Secretary. r>4 ST. .TOHN AM) fTS IJCSTXES?*, THE WAVERLEY HOUSE,^ " JOHN GUTHRIE, - Proprietor. .« t.»9T rr TjQ. 78 King Street. ' ' > Jon'ioO This celebrated hotel, v;liich was opened just a quarter of a century ago, ami which is located north side of, King s'ti-eet, one of the wiuest and most fashionable business, streets of the city, between Market and King Squares, is both centrally and pleasantly situateil, and, hu.'- always enjoyed a larj;t> shai'e of tin; jniiylici patj-onaj^^e, aud is the most widely known hotel in the Jyower Pr-viucesMui <»ilf .vt^HHM ■' • The building was erected by the latu Stephen \Vig,2;in8, and previous- to the pfi-eat fire in that street.of liii'.\ his dwelliui? and ^ardeus occu- l)ied the site on which the Waverley now stands. ^Ir. James Williams was the first projirielor, who was succeeded by Mr. Joseph Scainniell. who for many years had conducted the St. Johii Hotel. At Mi'i Scajumell's death in 186.'"!, Mr. John (iuthrie, Avho came from, the north of Ireland in }KA. and for several years had been an employee in the Waverley, became pro])rietor. - . It is a thoroughly built and substantial brick edifice of a large frontage, and f')ur stories ui height, and with a rear wing and a largr' extension over several adjoining stores, contai^is over seventy roonis, with a large and finely appointed dining-room and a nu uber of elegant public and private pa rloi-s, the whole interior arrangement being admirably adapted to the cornfort of its guests. '- It has been extensively patronized by the f Jo'\ernovs of the diftVroiji'' Provinces ; by the Commander-iu-'Chiwf, and by the Admirals of the West India and North American Stations. Iloyalty as well have, at different times, been guests of the Waverley. Following the Prince of Wales, on the 20th May, 18(51, His Royal Highness Prince Alfiiet>. with General TroUope and other distinguished officers of his suite, made the Waverley their home tluring their stay in the city ; an(|, again, September Sth, 1800, Hia lloyal Highness Prince Ajrthi-k. with Commander Carnegie ot 11. ^I. ship Dart., ('()1. Elphinstone, and a number of other distinguished officers honored the Waverley by their presence. It has alsj been the resort of the most distinguished Americans and Provincial gentry whom busines-^ or pleasure h&s, brought to St. John. The WaVerle^' is kejrt in sb AVell ordered i^iyle that the ti*aveller feels himself {(!t home. Mr. Uuthrie has learned the ai't in a (juiet and gentlemanly way to administer the details Avliich make up ft comfortable and enjoyable iiui, and the testimonials of travelleipjii,''' printed from time to time in the journals, give abundant pix)of that the Waverley h^& been, and will continue^ a favorite with the trav^d- ling public under its present proprietor. '^•"' SJ. JoIlX AXl) ITS nUSlXESB. Tjf) STEWART & WHITE. Au cj;4!0,i;j Q.e 5^s ;^ . ponimission , M e recant s AM) Prince William Street. '.-.nr ■it'. „{r. ,«1 'i !'• ■I! I uess-fhire, nm'th of ?cotlanet, and in 1lace. After two years' service, he filled the same position in a branch of the same bank at Elie for three years, and as teller in a branch of the same institution at ivelso tor 'lUe year. He came to St. .Tolm jmd entered into tlie employ of Mr. Stewart in 18t5i', and joined him jus partner in 1808, under the iffeseut style of Stewart \- White. _ . Their salesroom and warerooms are on a. very extensive scale, Tlu^ .sidesrotjtm on the lower tiotir is one hundred feet deep and twenty-flvo feet wide. T|ie \yareroom on the second tia-t i£ of the same size, while their fine stock of fuvniiure occupies the whole area of two stores on the third Mat one hundred feet by fifty, which has a gallery on three si(-1es. This was formerly used as a liall for lectures, etc. Jt is one of the most^spacious rooms eitst of .Boston for tlie storage aud exhibition of furniture. Tn tlds room the firm liave a splendid stock of furniture, consisting of elegant parlor sets in rich carvings, and upholstery awl chamber et'ts in black walnut and marbles, as high in price as $2oO, and troni that in che.aper woods and style of Unish to suit the more limited means of customers. Xo one can fail to tind goods suited to his taste and.at most satisfactory prices. In mantel and other mirrors tliey show a superb assortment from the best J iondcnimamif lecturers. Besides this class of goods, which they always ke*p largely in stock, their other amjjle wftj-erooms are replete Axith desirable goods in tiie line of chea]*er furniture and a large stock of sewing machines. They also, from time to time, receive large invoices of dry goods, which they sell an commission. In thn general auctioneer busineert Ihey operate extensively and serve us a medium of exchange for all commodities. Tliey do a very large and thrifty busii^ess. r,(i ST. .roiix AM) ITS ursiNiisa. T. B. BARKER & SONS, Wholesale & Retail Druggists & Apothecaries, Nos. 33 and 36 King Street. o- .Mit. Thomas B. Barkkh was bom in Sliefficld, Siiiihury Co., \. I{., ill IS'20. I[h was broil to fanninf^ and lumberinp;, and siibse«iueiitly taiipht scliool with niiicli acceptance, for Hve years. ll« came to St. Jolin in I8.');5, and entered the countiiipf-room of Hon. S. L. Tilley, thf present (iovernor of New Brunswick, who was then the jiroprietor of the establisliinent. and occiii»ying a ]>ovtion of the present premises, wliich are still owned by him. Mr. Tilley, pfoinji; to England on Imsiness, and soon becoming en- gaged in political affairs, in whi<,"]i he has since theri occui)V'd liigli positions, the superintendence of the store devolved upon y\r. Barker, who in 18(»U became i)ro])rietor. He conducted it alone until ISCi". when he associated with him, under tjie style (jf T. B. Barker \: Sons, his two sons, George A, aiidT. F. Barker, who bad served in the estah- lishnient eight or t^n years. Since Mr. Barker took the business it hasbeen very greatly increased, extending into several lines of goods not then included'in it. It nov embraces a number of departments, each covering a great \ariety (tf goods, the whole compactly filling the lasement and five floors of the block of two stores. Particular attention is jiaid to i.rescrijitions, and the dispensaiy is unsurpassed. In druggist sundries and toilet goodf, the establishment represents very fully the best of English, Erench and American manufacture, and ]jarticularly in E. S. Cleaver's cele- brated London goods and Lubiu's extracts. In the heavier goods of paints, oils, and vawiishes, indya stuffs, and in all the various woods, acids, salts and aniline dyes, the stock is full. A large stock of window glass, chiefly of Oerman'manufacture, is alsn kept on hand. The shelves show a full line of druggists' glass war*^ and stock of vials and bottles from the manufactories of Philadelphia and New Lebanon, N. y. Messrs. Barker i^' Sons are probably the largest dealers ifi seeds in the city, having rapidly increased this business within a few years The vegetable seeds are in-incipally imported from Kngland and the continent, and the grass and clover from Upper Canada. These they distribute all over the Provinces. The fine groceries also receive at- tention in crushed sugars, sjuces, jtickles, sauces, etc. Surgical and dental goods from the best English nmd American manufactories ; artists' materialsof all varieties ; all the most approved patent medicines; flavoring extracts of their own and other manufac- ture, are embraced on their extensive catalogue. Their store in its frontage of bronze, gilt and plate glass, and its interior artistic design and decoration, with the clever disposition of elegant goods, is one of the most attractive in the city, and is wortiiy of the proprietors whose attention to business has given the establisli- ment so firm a foundation. ST. .lOHN AND fTS lU'Sr.VESS. •>/ t'll- A. CHIPMAN SMITH, Wholesale and Retail Druggist and Chemist, No. 1 Market Square. Thts (\slalilislinit'nt dates back to the begiiuiinf^ of the present cen- tury, with William I[o\ve Smith, son of Dr. \atlian Smith, who wiii* amoiDg the fi0yalis»t8 that came and founded the city in 178.'{, and testi- Htfd liis respect for JJritisli authority by naming? his son after the di.«- tiiiijui'slied Britlf'h General Sir William Howe. William IFowe Smith wa.s a jjliysician and apothecary, after the manner of that day- In ISiil his 5ion, William 0. Smith, succeeded him in the aiwthecary anil druggist business, establishing himself in Market S. Smith, during his long and active business career of half a century, was closely identitied with nearly all the iniblic measures of tlse day, and took a lively interest in all that was for the welfare of hi:!* native city. He was Chairman of the Commissioners of the Alius House for twenty years, a leading member of the County Ses- .^ioijs, and the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens were especially marked in requiring his services in the positions of Alder- man and Mayor for twenty-five years. A. Chipman Smith, his successor in business, entered the store when fourteen years old, and served in it as clerk, and for sixteen years ])reviou3 to his father's death, as principal manager. The business^ embraces the usual line of goods in such an establishment, which fully occupy the five floors of the store, besides two warehouses for the storage of acids and heavy goods. In paints, oils and dye stuffs it lias a very large ti*ade. It has a finely organized dispensary, and in surgeons' instruments and toilet goods, is fully supplied with the best in the market. Mr. Smith has not only succeeded tc» his father's business, but to iiis hmors, having been elected Mayor of the city in 1874, and the present year receiving the very rare compliment of a re-election by acclamation. The public favor is the more remarkably evinced in elevating so young a man to the Mayorality witliout his having seen service in the ranks of the Councillors or Aldermen. '^ve^Bsnii a ll :3S (MT.- JOTiN 'AND ITS I;V.S1\E8jj. General Patent Medicine Agency. No. 20 Nelson Street. iMii» Si'jiM.Kn \>'as bom iu Cat^tjeton, Stat«? of.Ver/iiont, mitl vo- luuvecl 1,0 Lowell, -Mftss., iu 180:^, when he took the ixhsilioiiof Foreig.i Gorrespoqdcut in the o^e ot tlit; celebrated co^iceia ,ui' i>r. J. C Ayer i^ Co, He held this ycygitioii until iSGO, >vh^n lie jt-iuuved to St John, and oneued tin office at \u. 7 JMarket Square, as tlje iviJivseuta- live of AlesM's. Ayer iV Co. and otht^v American -hou»jes.j» the Pater.t .VjedicinebiLsiness. . ;,,_. (Ml'. Speiicer had become well. lviio\vn to tlie t^'iide .;tlj.''oaghout tho Maritime Province^ and the euierprise in which he ojagage...- gaged in the manufacture of Spencer's I XL Inks, [''lavoring Kx- iracts, Terfumes, and a, great variety of Toilet articles, wliich have :>. large side and are de,servedly , populai". These g>uilcir,re skillfully ] prepared from JLhig vexy jjureiit. materials, and ari^j pu,t up in a stylo which compai;es favorably with aa^y eimilar gpods of fortjign import- ation. JM[r. Spencv^r's Ink.^ have become so favorably kuown in tho r^owei; Provinces, that theyliay.e lu-a.vly displaced all othei's. _, ,.Jt hap ^l.w?*^s. been Mv. Spencer's aim. to furnish superior rather than cheap goods, and his gratifying success is to be tvttrij^uted to hi^ Avorking on this line. .He h,as lately added to Im oiajjufacture-:! "9ptjnce]''s Vosuvian Liniment,"' which, perhaps, hafi a uigre promi- sing future thaix any medicine hitherto introduceil. into this country, aJid ia unquestionably ao article of , siiperipr merit. Though. notably a man of the .striqtest and most pmictual busiuetd habits, Mr. Speoicer, , has found tim^. to devote himself .to congeniix! literaa-y purstii.tSj, and lias been able to "sink thti sis op' while roving in the realmsof fancj*. Fot a .year past he has edited ■v\ith niai-ked ability, the Mnritime Monthhj, the leading literary n'iaga'/ine in tho Doitiinioi;!, Cind his poetical and otl>ev contributions to Frovincial ami foreigi? magazines and newspai>e^J"S liave been extejisively read and copied. His sonnets have attracted tlie , att^uti^^n of critical judges of this ^difficult species of comp^wition, and 2 Shawls...... 19,7ir> Silks, Satins and Velvetd,.... 188,791 Woollens, 1,073,286 i;.s. LOlSTHDOlSr PIOXJSE. DANIEL & BOYD, Wholesale Importers of British and Foreign Dry Goods. Nos. 3 and 4 Market Square. Tms'lioiisn wns started on its present site in I8MI hy Mutlicw lloM.-- \v(irtli,ii nativoof Vorksliirc and Tlios. Diiiiiel, a native nf nedfonlsliivc Knf^land, both coming from London in I8;!(>, under the style of Holdswortli t^- Daniel and nan)e of tlie ^' liOndon House." Tliey were biirul luit in the great lire of 18'VJ and look lu'cjuises in I'rince William Street, now ocoui>ied l»y Jardine iV ('o. Wliile here, in the Spring of 1840, a fire oc-eurred on the oi»posite side of tlie street, and during the prawrees of the fire, while Mr. lloldsworth was exam- ining in the attic of the store to guard ngainst a fire from sjuirks. In fell through the hatchway dcWn through the stories and was killed. Mr. Thos. Daniel jmrchased the land on Market Square iiniily \mti it- l»iisine8P chnntjed in nil the!u(ls wlioh'sale at a ecrtain iidvaiic.' oii sterling,; prices. Tliis luetliiid liad licconie a fals.^ ami inifair style of ImsiiiesH, and they determined to tliseontimie it, wlii'.h niovemenl was largnly ajiproved and was soon ^(enerally followed by the trade. They have always maintained tlu- one-price system, and to these two points is due in a jjreat measure their larj^'ely increased Imsines^, They are wholesale iuiporterd of British and Foreign merchandise ill every dei)artment of silk, woollen, linen and cotton manufactures, small wares, trimmings, etc., and in the year just closed their sales amounted to 0I,7O2,(M>O, as against Sir)(j,«)0O which was their annual sales at the commencement of tlieir career in 1847. In the counting house and ditt'ereiil salesrooms of their wholesale department tAventy- seveii persons are em])loyed, and twenty-two salesmen and asRistantf in the retail deitartnient. In the ready-made clolliing deiiartuient, which is the largest in the Maritime I'rovincen ftntl constantly increasing, they employ about one hunre(l into an engajjenuMit with John Arni- stronjj; \' Co., in I'riiice William Street, and in ISA? became their liiiyer. He went into bunineH8 on hie< own account in 18(>8, in the wholesale and retail trade, and the next year was joined by Mr. Butler. Richard V. Uutler was born in Dublin, wh«'re he served in the Dry Goods busineps or Drapery line. He came to St. .lohn in IS/i?, and went iifto the Dry (ioodn house of the late .lohn (Jillie, in Dock Street, and continued there with the late W. Mctilinchy, who succeeded him. He then went with the late Samuel \eill, in King Street, after which into the house of the late John Hastings, on I'nnce William Street, and 8id)fiet|uently was in the lioiise (»f T. R. .Tones for nine years. In I8t)t> he fonned with Mr. Everitt tlie present firm of Everitt & Butler, in King Street. Their store was at '>5 King Stivet, but in 187*2 they disposed of the retail business to Messrs. Likely, Cameron & Oolding, and wenv ex- clusively into the wholesale trade at No. oT. They occupy the whole of the four flats of the two stores, (excepting the first flat of No. j5,) and a large extension in the rear of one of the stores. The whole of these spacious premises are filled with their extensive stock, which is full and complete in all the departments. Their trade is one of the largest in the Maritime Provinces. Their goods are selected with great care in all the manufacturing centres of the British Isles and on the continent, botli partners having the advantage of a long exi)erience as buyers— having, between them, during tne past eighteen years, crossed' the ocean over one hundred times, and being mmiliar with the London, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingb Paisley, Glasgow, Belfast and other nuirketi. They are the manufacturers' agents of the celybvated Oxford sjpuus, and for the famous house of C. J. Bonnet & Co., whose si. rior black silks have been awarded the highest honors everywhere, ilieir woollen department is on an extensive scale, and they imix>rt and manufacture large lines of ready-made clothing. In the finer fabrics and small wares, aad millinery' goods, they have an unexceptionable stock, to which they are constantly adding by every steamslup. They employ some tweuty-ftve clerks, and infuse their life and energy into the entire establishment. ST. .KtllN \NI) lis lirSIMlSH. (;:{ J. & J. HEQAN & CO., Wholesale Dry Goods Importer^, carpbtxna and curtain goods. 27 & 29 Prince William and 8 Water Streets. .foiiN lli:t, frcliuul, camt' to St. .loliii, in 1.S2H. lit' 8i«'iU two or tlm-c years with his hrotlu'V-in-litw, Win. Tiirks, who was t'n;;Hfji'(l in the jTi'ootM'y luiil shipping l)nsini'.*i,>! in I'ortland, with wlnnn, in I8.'ll, In- • I'stahlishf'il tlic wholfsilt' ami retail dry fjfoodet biL-^iness Markt't Stuart', al.^o continiiinji tii • sliippiirj; liiusincs.-'. Tlu'y were bnrnt out in thf great Wvr of I^^.^T and took store in King-hit., with warehoii.-T' in I'rini-i' Williani-.st., nnlii Miey built prt'StMit .store No. 29, in 18.7.1. S.'Vfral yt'ar.-* aflt'r, tlit'v pun-hasL'd xtort.^ in I rear, fronting Watcr-sl., whcr.- thry rintinnt-d till !84(') wlien they dissolved — Mr. Parks taking the shipping bnsini'ss, and .Mr. Ilogan tln' dry goods department, and associii^ing with him his brother, Janifs Ifegan, who cam^' fron; H.dfast in l^."!" and served nine years in tlit- previous firm under the style oT .1. &, .f. lleg.iii. This firm remained nneiianged till 1874, wIhmi Mr. WilJiaui I'iwing, who had l)een IirioU-ki-eper in t!ie house for twenty year.i, ami several years confidential cltMk. was associated under the present style of .1. iS: .1. Ilegui »^ C i. .\'. th." sviue tim? this firm rented ad- joining 8toi'e, Xo. 27, for the better acfommodation of tlieir whole.sah' department. Wlien !Mr. Parks, the original founder, came oyer to this country in 182'! with a stock of gi)i) Is, chiefly of lin*'n, the ve.-»sel was wi'ecked and sunk on Sable Island. The goods were rescued by ilivers, ami, notwithstanding their damag.', sold at a handsome profit. Mr. Parks was lost in the steamslup City of Boston in 187(», probably near the place of the wreck of his first venture in 182.". The business of this house ci>mmenced, as usual in those days, in a humble way, and by the industry, ajtplication and integrity of its members has steadily increased. Its credit has never l)een impaired. Its wholes^de trade embraces an extensive line of dry goods suited to all pur lasers in the St. .John market— end)racing in addition to tlu' usual clothing goods and small wares, a very full assortnit-in of car- pets — in Union, Wool, Tapestry and Hrussels, Floor Oilcloths and Ci\rtain (Joods, MPHUHPillM ti4 ST. .loHX AND ITS I' fS IN ESS. T. R. JONES & CO., Iraporters of British and. Foreign Dry Goods, Manufacturers of Clothing, Hats, Caps, 6lc,, Canterbury Street. Hon. Tkos. R. Jonks is a native of St. .Julin. After serving af iiierc'liaiit's clor]- '\>\ tiie hoot and .-jlioe business, he started for him- self in 184fl as a retail dealer in Clothing and Fnrnisldnf? goods. His More was situated in Dock Street, where he continued st;ven years. He then moved to Market Square, remaining there seven years. At this stand he commenced the jobbing business in clothing, in connec- tion with h.is retail trade, .aid gradually worked into the dry goods trade. He then moved to King Street, and carried on the wholesale business exclusively in dry goods and manufacture of clothing. In 1870 he associated with him, under the present firm style, Mr. UoberL T. A, Scott, who had previously been a salesnum and buyer with him, and his nephew, My. Norman Robertsmi, who had alfO been a salesuum in his employ. In 1S7'> ilr. .Tones erected, the sub- stantial and elegant bhjck now occupied l)y the firm. It is .'»(• feet front by "3 feet dee]), of five stories l)esides l)asenuMit. It is of lirick, covered with mastic, and in its internal arrangements is thoroughly adapted to tlie rt:[uiivments of their extensive bu>ines8. In 1S74 he erected the tine l)lo(dc adjoining of ."iti feet front and 48 i'eet deep, and four stories besides basement, occupied by \V. II. Tliorne vS: Co. -Messrs. Jones X- Co. deal in a full line of Dry Goods, selected with great care in the Uritish, Continental and American markets. These goods till their lower floor, v.hile the upper stories are devoted to the wholesale nuinufacture of millinery goods, silk hats and gla/.ed and cloth caps, the work being cliielly performed by women. Outside of their dry giuxls, they are large importers df Teas and other groceries. On the opposite side of the street t! ey have a large four story brick building, used f n- tlie manufactuvc of clothing of all deverip- tions, together with woollen iind cotton shirts suitable to the country trade. The tinu employ over (.me hundred hands, and in their store workrooms tlurty or forty more. This eslabii.shment numufactures more clothing I'ur the wliolesale trade than all the lower Provinces. It nuirkets its goods in Xev JJruij;wick, >'ova Scotia and P. K. Island. It is one of the heaviest and most flourishing houses in St. Johis Mr. .Tones is a member of t!ie Legislarive (jouncil ; President of the St. John Board of Trade; haf for' several years been Director in the Kurojieiiu \- Xoi-th Anieri.-an Raihviiv Conqianv, and is Vice-Pri-idioil of the Cold Brook U illing Mill Ompahv. ST. .lolIN AM) ITS )!1S1M;sS. »;.) MANCHESTER, ROBERTSON & ALLISON, Direct Importers of Dry Goods, FOR WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. No. 27 King Street. till' Mil. J\.mj:s M.\n« iiKWiEij, .^I'liior iiienibf", wils 'iorn in V»)rk!«liirt', Kiig. lit' rame to this city in lSr>r», tMittriUf^ the I,i»n0, wliere he reniainet' some J)ine years, \vlieii he went to Majiee Brothers i.nd continued six years. Mr. J(i,-ei)h Allison is a -Nova Scotian. Wf came to Sr. Jolui in 18;')!, and entered the CioJden Fleece, with (iilclirist iV: Inches, clerking with tiiem until 1856, when lie entered the London House; whence, after four years' service, 'le wfut til Magee lirother:- and continued till 186(). These three young men, Iiaving tJuis served so many years together in tv,-o o^ the prominent dry goods houses of the city, started together in the retail dry goo6. under ihe present -lyle, at a store Mil I'rince William Stfeet. Their strict attention In liu.riness and gentlemanly tpialities, at once won for them popular tavor. In a few months, find, ig their (puirters «juite iiiadeipiate, iliey moved to .\o. 2 Market S piare. Here business followed them in larger mea^ure. They here started a niiuitie and dress-making depart- ment : also, that of siiirt-making, both of wliicli have sin(.'e grown to large dimensions. Again, they found their premises too narrow for the transaction of business aufl disjiosition of their goods. A woos. It is forty Ift't front by tine lunnlred feet deep: four stories in height, and is •Aholly occupied by them, except a portion of the first floor 'J0\6M b'et, whit.'h they have sub-let f<.r tlie itrosent. The front of the high first story is a sjilendid sheet of hea\y jdate i;lass by wliicli, mid ih" rt^nr windows, tlie whole of this Mom- is P v,r, M.VNCiIES''Ii;i!. l;CH!El!TJj(>^ ANM ALI,1>. »X, iiiU'ly lighted for tlie aclvantagi-mi.-. ili.splay and insiioctioii of it> giKids. L'pon entering, we jjass ti\ e elt-gant standing case?, rejrpec- lively devoted to a tasteful dii'play of gentlemen'? furni-sliing gond!?. jjlunvls, bngle tvinnnings, gloves and mats. On this tloor i> the gentle- nu'ii's furnishing department, containing a c-oniplett- a'^sortnient dI t'\ fry requisite for a gentleman. The glove department conies next iudnler, comprising every df- scrijition of gloves of French and English manufacture, for both ladies and gentlemen. They make a specialty of Rouillon's Joseph- ine, or "Seandess (ilove," receiving fresh accessions direct froui tlu- mn ker every few weeks: and i u Dent's gloves for gentlemen, they ha\ c h special trade, keeping a stock of the best qualities of ''lat celebrated iiuiker. In this line they deal exclusively in the best makes. I'urther along is the hosiery department, in all its variety ()f Jhd- liriggan, Lisle thread. Cotton, Merino, Cashmere, and Silk, ribbed ami phiin: colored and fancy strii»ed, for ail wears, and of best Knglisli makes. The yarn department contains everything which enter*! into common and ornamental use, of English, Scotch, J'russian. I'rencli and American uumufact-nre, and a fidl line of the celebrated JJerliii yarns, for afghans and ladies fancy work, and in coimection beail work, canvas, filoselle, and all other materials employed in this w^rk. In the ribbon line their stuck is in gVeat variety, of all descriptions and in the latest i>at terns. The rear of tliis floor is devoted to lace goods, real and imitatimi: Scotch, Swiss, Tlandmrg, Frencii, anrl ^laderia embroideries: dres- trimmings, in fringes, ornaments, braids and buttons, in all th^ fasliicmable styles : domestics, in cott(m, linen, prints, muslins, and every description of family and household goods ; dress goods, com- prising every novelty in i^nglish and I'rerch manufacture, as they are produced ; and black goods, in Ali)acas, Ooburgs, Sateens, Empress doths, French Merinoes, Cashmeres, Delaines, (irenadines and llemanis. .•Vscei^ding a broad st;iirca.-e tn the seconi ItUMNESS. ^^7 JAMBS MANSON, IMVORTl-.K OK British, Foreign and American Dry Goods, Commercial Palace — King St. A stvaiigfi" ill Si. Jiilni, i)asi>inff througli King stivt't. wuiiM at oiic-e single out tlu- CVmmu'rci.iI Palace as the most c(iiij>iiituoii.-iaiKl elegant iMiikliiig of all tlid^e devoted to trade. J I is forty feet front and live stories in iioight. I)uilt of free flone in the Italian style and with ;in elaboration of ornaiuent, wliicli gives it tine effect. The front of till- first Moor is composed of the heaviest iiondon plate glass, iu MUgle ]»c(ted. and lighted by a high lantern. The linish throughout is rich and heavy, anly adapted to the different de])artments of tlie dry goods trade. This snjier'i .■^iore »vjis built about twenty years ago by Me' «r.- Oolierty vV: .McTavisli. Mr. ^^anson, wlio is a native of Seotlantrtl'e now occupied by him, and has souiewbal modififd and much improved its arrangements. Mr. Maiison"? goods are in keeping wi'h the place, exhibiting a full line of the richest dress goods of the finest i^ritish and foreign manu- facture ; silks and velvets of the British and Lynns looms ;i|f loves iu large stock of all the best makes: cotton, merino ami silft and Ital- briggan hosiery: laces, in all the beautiful variety ot Keal lloniti-n, I'oint, Vallenciennes, Maltese, \'c. The linen dt-partnient is A'ery full and fine. The millinery deimrtment recei\f.- \erys]>ecial attfutinu. and is must compb'te in its assortment of French. Knglish aiid American goods, and is presided over by skilful hands. The cloak room is always ready with the latest styles of mantle and shawl goods. In ladies' underclothing, baby linen, boys" suits, there is a fidl line. The whole stctck, comprising all the usual lines of the tvade, is selected with the griifltest care, and is finely exhibited, wliib- the up|»er flats are devoted to reserves. It is a store no one should fail tu visit, and the cojitents will tell their nwn story and prove most sati.«facty in the \;i;'iety and fulnt-ss uf its lines, excellence "f quality ac.d in pr'ces. v>^ NT. .IKIIN AM) IJS IU>1M:ss, JAMES McNICHOL & SON. Ready-Made Clothing^ Gents'Furnishing Goods .Custom - Made Clothing to Order. No. 31 King Street. o .Ia.mks ^I< .Nicuoj-, senior, was born in Tyivjiie I'minty, Ireland, in IS07. He lcnr)ie to St. John to liU a situation in that onpacity with John Anders(ui. He continued with Mr. Anderson five ytnu's, wlien he went to Mr. Hunter's, where iiis fatl er was, and served tliere llirioe years. In 18.">0 lie went into comi)a,ny with his father. Their first i»lace of business was on King Street, opposite their present store, whence Ihey removed to Dock Street, anij)ortci his clotlis and trimming.s from Hngland, and inanufac- 1 iires ali^.e cloihing he sells. He also luis a large custom trade, ant fur sale at dry goods stores. Tailoring, which now witli .Mr. I>tIIii Tnnv, a iiati\r nf Italy, Avlu) CM)i,tiimt'(l it fur many yi-arsi, when \u' .-uld to lii> lirnthti'. .). Delia Torre, nf IxmihTii, who i?liortly after .^fut mit nue nf hh xiii-^ Antliony, who now lias a c-iniilar r . IVovi^ices, and is so Aaried and nndtifold in its catalogue of fancy articles, as to challenge an.r demand whicli may lie made uiioii it outside the sta])le merchandi>e of trade. To gather up, arrange ainl classify such an infinitude of articles requires a genius which evidently was born in the family. The stock is all selected from the be.-i KiirMpean and American markets, in which it has the great advantag'' of the aid of its London house, combined with the assistance of active agents. To enumerate these goods by classes would exhaust our linui,-. Among them .Jewellery, Wa; dies (Sihvr and (iold), and Gilt (uhrI- in all their variety of grade — Leather (iooils. which fill pages i>f catalogue — Cabinet Goods at length and of exipiisite worknmnshiii, and curious work in ivory, bone and woixls Talde Mais Perfumery of all the nu)St celebrated makers, and Toilet (ioolt'ase every one but the victims of the sport. Glass and Parian good.-* crop out among thi- crow businese, in retail anil wholesale. l:us ipwdrupled wit];in a few years, as the people of the Provinies. thruiigli it' tvavelUr.g agents, become acquainted with its resourc--. (rENEKAI- UEALERS. H J. & W. F. HARRISON, Wholesale Dealers in Flour, Meal, G-rain, Provisions, Teas, Tobaccos and West India Goods. Office, No. 16 North Wharf. Thk members, of this firm were born in t^ueen's County, anil spent ilieir t-avly years un the farm. Jevemiah came to this City about 1848, ami wovketlai tliecarriage trade, which lie completed at Newark, New Jersey. Returning here, 'le built a carriage factory in Portland iihout 18r>], and was joined in the business by his brother, W. F. Harrison. The factory was fully e«iuii)ped with all the latest improve- ments of the day, and carried on an extensive business, employing *jxty hands, till lSr>7, when it was destroyed by fire. Saving some $ K i,(XH) from the wreck and insurance, th«»y changed ilieir business by building, the same year, a store and wharf at Port- laud Bridge, and engaging in merchandise — settling down into the leading lines indicated at the head of this notice. They moved 4nto their present location in 1860, but still continue*! their old store as a retail feed and grain store. Their brick warehouses in Robertson Place, in rear of their office, iirt! on an extensive scale, and admirably adapted to their trade, in their facilities for receiving and shipping goods, and have a capacity for storing l.'»,000 barrels of Hour. The house have large direct importations in the West India trade, .lud deal extensively in teas and tobaccos. In connection with their business, and on their premises, is a bonded warehouse. They also t uijiloy a grist-mill a few miles from the city for the manufacture of meal from importations from the southern markets. Their trade wajS quite limited in the first years, but rajndly aug- mented, for many years doubling year by j-ear, until reaching from* million to a millitin and a quarter dollars annually, and extending tliroughout New Brunswick add the Bay shore of Nova Scotia, and becoming the largest in several lines of any house in the city. Their honorable rejtutation for straightforward and upright dealing, united with energy and enterprise, have given the firm a strong hold in the business community, and these qualities are at the bottom of itiJ extensive and increasing business. Messrs. Harrison were first among the original promoters of the River de Loup Raikoad, in which they have a large interest. They are large stockholders in the Spring Hill Coal Mine, and in the Victoria Hotel Company, in which one of them is a Director. They are also interested to a considerable Extent in shijtpiDg and other commercial Hnd financial operatJon>. : A Tin; (iUOCKKY Bl'SiXKN"? Tlio wants of llie people at tUe iiumtli nnd on tlic Itankt* of llie 'M. .]o\n\ river, in tlie groceiy line, were ,sui)plicd for many years ufwi the laiuliuff of the Loyalists by the Colonial ve^selw trading' with tin West Fndiew and siiips divert from firci't Ih'itaiii. The feeling ot enniity apjainsl Ihe United State;^ was so jjreat tliat tlieve \va.s liardlv any communication witli Boston or New York, nothing l)pin^' seni there for sale and notliinj^ hroiitflil here from those ports. There \v!i> ,fre(piently a scarcity of sugar, molasses, etc.. hut the supply ot Jamaica rum jiiiist have been unbroken if there was truth in thr declaration of a Loyalist gentleman, in response \<.< tioxenior llarvey'.« inquiry as to the (juality of the water in St. .loliii, that he "hail noi tasted it for forty years." 8t. John rapidly gained almost a mono}>o]y of this trade for the Province, and soon began to sujiply the western j»ortions of Nova Scotia. The trade grew i)i ]»rop<»rtioii to the growtl. of population, nearly all of the imjiortations (•dutiniiiiig to he nuid- from England and the West Indies, and almost nothing being broughi from the United States'. The Reciprocity Treaty, however, l)y enabling us to sell our jn'oducts advantageously in tlie I'nited States, worked a paitial revolution in the grocery irnde, and we began to import largely from our neighbors, bringing gouds from lioston ;ind New York in exchange for our fish, lumber, potMir-";, etc. The abrogation of this Treaty checked the growth of this trade, Imt did not (Jostri-y it. Direct communication with the West Indies, South .Vnierica and Kurope received a new .stimulus, and has been steadily increasing. The vast increase in manufacturing, and tlie clmnge which has takt.'H place in the manner of living among the agriculturists within » generation, haie caused the importation of groceries to increase with great rai)idity, and some St. John house.", with customers all along the Bay Shore, on thip St. Croix, to the head waters of the St. John, and the North Shore counties, do a vast business. The firm of Jardinr it Co, is the oldest now in this trade, it ha^ ing been founded in I83(». Ijasl year New Brunswick imported, the bulk of the imix)rtation coining to St. John, the following, wliich we gi\e as illustrative ol the magnitude of the trade: Tea (black) «02fi,018 . Sugars, 24.1,77** ,Atolai»8es, ...i.......:...i... j..... 17I,40'.> w/: ST. .lOilX VM» ITS liLMNKsii. fit D. BREEZE, ■VKA"£rOIL.ES-A.nLE ^ISriD RET-A.il C3-KOCEK., No. 1 King Square. \V '.i.i.iA.M I5iii;i:/i;. ii iiali\*' <>f St. .loliii. Iiii\ iiij.? clerLfil in tlit- iiliovc line itf biisiiu's.- for aovenil years in .*(M1ic of tlu? best iunities in St. .lulin, coniinonced business for Iiimscll" in I84!t in tln' premises at tiie corner of King S<|nHri' and Ciiarlolti- strci'i, wliicii were biiill for u rbiireli in 1824, ami orijjiniUIy callei! Asylum Cliapel, orl>,(inating in a ■^plil iji the Metluxlist tlenoniinalion. The Kpiscopalians subsecinently liirel»er ])ortion into a liall i'or piddie uses, \vl\ich has since been con- nected willi thf stores. The bnililiny; has stood as a nioniuuenl unscathed throngii several contij^uoiis eoiitlagrations. In I8."i4 Mr. 1). Breeze, who had served for se\eral years witli Ihk brother, became a pai'tner with him nndtr tlie firm of William & I', ihee/.e. This firm continued till 1871, Avlieu the senior member retired, ••Huv which timt' tlie business lias been conducted by the [)resent inoprietor. ,: llie store ;s linely located for family trade, and a.'$; the. j»i'oi»rietor uudves it his special aim to deal .oidy in the very bes<, commodities retjuired in family nse, the long established business has constantly increased, not only with the increa.^se of tli;j,pojinlation in that (luarter ')f the city. l»'jt iu conse«pieuc»' of the excelh-nee vf the goods in which it deals. (t is unnecessary in enumerate llif lines of grocc riis \wliicli make up the well selected assortment of this estubUshment. In the leading staples it has the best of home and foreign i>roev Provinces, of Scotch and American sugars, English and American i)ic1 El .Al Xj XX X«. S XIV iFft-XTXrr, No. 44 Charlotte Street. Mr. Houkut K. PciinixciTOX, h native of King's OmiiiI.v, cHiiio 1" the city in IS.14, wlioii i?i\teeii years of age, ami cntfivd tli»> store n\' Brown X: Co., wholesale and rottsil grocci>, on L'liavlotto street, Avhevt- he contimied six years. ]Ie then coninienced biisine>H in the same line, oii the s.'inie street, in company willi Hugh U, Ewing, under the livm of Hwing \' Pnd- diugton. This i»Hrtnershiu continued three year?. When it was dissolved, Mr. Kwing remained in the same stand, and Mr. I'uddingtoii opened a store in Mr. Coffee's l)uilding on the same street, where h-' carried on a very successful business for live or six ycHrs. In ]8(>J), having obtained a long lease of the laial, he erected there* mi the substantial store which the firm now occi:i>it',s. In 1874 he ai^eo- ciated with him his brother, James E. Puddington, wlio also cani'' from Clifton, and clerked for eight or nine years with his i)roth(u\ On accouut of the ill health of the senior ])artiier, ho now hag ilic principal management of the business. Messrs. Puddington have from the start determiiied to nuiintain ii first-class wholesale and family grocery^ store, and while they do a large and flourishing jobbing business, they pay more particulnr attention to the retail family trade, and number among their patron.< a goodly portion of all the best families in their quarter of the city. Their goods are selected with the greatest care from the best pro- duction and manufacture, which they import dire(.'tly from England, Scotland, Boston, New York, and purchase in the Canada market. They carry a full stock of the gi'eat staples of consumption, and in the line of luxuries — represented by goods in metal and glass — which have now so generally become the necessities of life, their catalogur is as extensive as the 8n]>erior quality of the individual articles. All articles usually found in a store of this kind may always be obtained iiere, and warranted to give entire satisfaction in quality and price. In its season, very particular attention is paid to Fruit, which i*> .selected with the greatest care, and distributed in perfect oondition to the patrons of this worthy establishment. A busines.s conducted nu the principles of this house cannot fail, and lias not failed, to meet H deserved success. (.V.1-H11KR AM) I'l.l MliKli. «•) ARCHIBALD ROWAN, PL-UMBER AND GAS-FTTrER. No. 58 Water Street. Mil. Iiiiw \N lias ;lic lioiiur »if nativity in Ayrhliirt-, 8cullaii(>. Here he workrd with Alexander t'aui|»lte!l in j^as-Htiin)^ iMi.sinesjf" for a year, and then Hl.iirt»!d for hini.tt^lf in Water street. Mr. I'anipbell dyinj.^ in the eonr.^e of a year, .Mr. IvDwau lioiight out llu' itiiu'ern, whicli nocuj^ied the present [tremise.s, and iia,-* eonlinued it I ill now. (ias wa.s intrndueed into .Si. John in 184;'), an ITS ItlSlNKisS. Till". IIAKDVN'AHK ULSINKSS. I'ifty yi'Hi> H|^o tin- Kiily liniMlwart' «loaler.>* in St. .lolin witi' .lam. - lJ.^ii(lri{'ks nii»l l{nlj)li ..'arviH, (in North Wharf, ant gocMl a.s«orlnit'iits of th' ligliter kin])t'cially of Biich articles as arc used in th(» lioiisi'hohl. Ciii- U'ry, locks, pots, ktdtlt's, axes, hamnuTJ^. nails, dc, wore to !«> fouml side by sido with di*^' i^oodH, groceries, woodonwan'. tins and Jiqiior>. Kv*'ry merchant, in those days, was forced to receJAc dressed hoy-. poiiltrj", potatoes, fish, etc., in exchan^jfo for his wares, and felt ii incumbent on him t(» keep nearly every article retpiired l>y his cn,» tomers. Hendricks and the .larvises had, however, j.(ot fairly startf'l in hardware as a specialty, and some of the ^'eiieral dealers wen bejfinning to go out of the trade. The prices of some articles in this line were very iiigli at that tiiih as compared with the |>rices that rule now. Shingle nails, foi example, were twenty-live cents i>er jHmnd, and some other Uind- thirty cents, but they were wrought nails. Alex. Yeats, soon after 18.%, dropped the saddlery business aii.l expanded the hardware branch of his traonald married Dyer's daughter, succeeded liini in the saddlerj- and hardware business, and turned his attention wholly to the tatter. Walker Tisdale & Son, Thome \- Lee, Wm. II Adams, the Carvills, McAvitys, Burpees and others oi)ened new estal.- lishments or succeeded to the proprietorship of obi ones, and a fiere.- and ruinous competition sprang up in hardware, so ruinous th.-ii nearly all those who were engaged in it became bankrupts, mor.- failures having occurred in this business, i>orhaps, than in any other. There are but two old concerns now in the trade, the re.st being of comi)aratively recent establishment, Tlie trade i.-* one that retiuire- constant watchfulness and judicious and cautir^us buying, as stock « are apt to become heavy and deteriorated. It has alvc-ays been. especially in its heavier lines, more or less mixed ii]t witli shippin;:; and shipbuilding, although the hardware dealers of St. John are not. like those of many other i)orts, dealers in ship chandlery. The character of the goods has steadily improved, farmers ami others demanding the best instead of the cheai>est articles. Until recently the hardware all came from England, with the exception oi a few articles, but now the importations from the Ignited States ar. very heavy. .loll N \M) lis lt( SINbSK. I I •»• .llllll. - ^ .larviH .\ '\, YHllt«. :s nf Hi- ll ni*snri- 1(1. Cui- Itc fOlllliI 1 li(|Uorv 111 tVlt ii • his t'ti- y f»tnrtf''l lors won- that tiinr luils. for icr Uiml> illt'SHI illl'l [UKU'lioii.-. au'l till etl liiin atlt'iitinii Wni. II ■w- cstali- a fiercr- ions tliiti uy other. H'ing of IP stock « n bet'ii. shippiii;: are not. iiers au'I Until iption oi ates av' GEORGE CARVILL, No. 4 Nelson Street. Mit. (' m:\ci,i. i.s M iiatixf of Xfwry, County Muwii, Frclniid, wlii-tf lie .'♦•rvoil an apprfiiticeshii" in tlu- iron husinetti^. lie euuit' to flii> city ill 1H44, ami went into tlit» iron stoiv nf liit< brotlit'i*. William t'arvill, wIjo cjinic lifi't- from tlic old country in IHJtti. Mi' maDa(>'>', whwre lie hii> nniHined ever ainee. hikI in lft.'>»l he entered nxhi partuershi)) witli liini miller the Htyle of William iV (leorj^e Carvill. Tbir* tirni coiitinneil nil lft()0, when VVilliani's connection ceased. Since IM44 the place of business lias remained imchanged, witli the \^ arehonsetf in the same street. Formerly, with one jmrtner in Dublin, tlui house shipped largely of lumber to that port, and received ill return cargoes of iron, an arrangement highly ad\antageous to the success of the house. The store and extensive wareliouses of Mr. ('arvill give evidence of tht' large and thrifty business wiiicli lias been transacted by this old established house, which for nearly forty years has supplied material for the im])ortant and heavy mannfat'turing interests of St. John and tile Province. It carries a very comj)lete and heavy stock of all the luetals in the shapes rei[uired by the trade Bar Iron of all sizes and the various grades of coarse and refined, "with a full line of Sheet Iron in^all qualities, and a heavy stock of the various grades of Pig Iron. In Cast, (lerman. Spring and Blistered Steel the assortment is large and full. Tin-plate figures largely among the importations, together with Lead Pipe. Am»mg the imported manufactures, which include many minor articles, are to be found such important wares as Anvils, Vices and Bellows for Smiths' use, of the best makes, 8Ui)erior English Spikes and Anchors and Chains. Patent Metal for ship's bolts is also largely in stock. The close attention given by this house for so many years to the special lines of its trade, and the.'8ui>erior facilities within its reach for pxirchasing stock, have built up a large business on a solid and enduring basis, to which straightforward and honorable dealing have contributed in no little measure. 78 ST. .H;HN A N b I I'.S IJLMNESS, JAMES DOMVILLE & Co., Wliolesale Mei'chaiits, ivRsr i\i)n coons, teas, 6^., Agents Cold Brook Rolling Mills Co. \1k. Uomv.i.i.k is !i mt'iiiltcr of rfirlijiii'.piit :iii()rtiilit)n of .Sii_a:iir,<, Mciluf;stJ.<, i ti-.. ol" uiiy house iu .New Brunswick. MeH.sr,-. J)oju\i]le "\- Co. havf urtict s m; No. ',• North Wharf, and are lessees of tlie lh\i\vii mid Hare wharAcfc aud A\rtrehou,'?e.'< at the fool of l^uion .,s of luv;j;<' si/e tiix-linr;^^ (-urifoos of molasses. lUgar, lea, etc., at tlie )ht()rf< of tliei}' v,ai-"hou.>^ei*, and Tntereolonial Railway ears are loadeil and unloaded within a blo(?k. making the raeilitiert of the linn, for the ti'aiisae'.ion of busi]R>. in hea\y goods, .>f the very be.st eliaraoter, aiid cnubli/ix; iliem to rectdve and t^hip UM'rchandise, either by land or water, at a small exj»ence for handling. The Cold Drook Itolliiig J\iills wire erita.bli.«la'd over tliirty-tive yeara aj^o by the late Mr. W. If. iSeovil, became the I'Voperty of M( f*sr.-^. Domville, Sco^ il vV Co. in b*^<)7, ami paj»aed iiitu the hands of the (A)ld ]li-o.jk Kolling Milks Co. in 1S7".. The works include a Nail I'actory at Cold Jlrook, and a KoUini,^ ..Mill end ^Merchajit Ear Mill at .\roo3epath .station ou the Intercolonial Railway. They prcjduce Cut Nails, Cut .Spike.*, Wrou,u;hl Ship Soike.-, K. J{. Spikes, ^[erchant IJar Iron, Ship Knee Iron, Mine IJail.s, etc., tHc, of the very beat (piality. *l'he buildings have been eularyed latcdy, and the newest and best iiiachinerj' has been added to tlic e.^tablishnient. The works are run night and day, anil ready eul'j hs found for all tliey produce. .^ divi- 'lend (tf twelve per cent. w;'.f< jiaid on the stock of the Company la.st year. Mr. Domville is Managing Director, Mr. K. G. Scofil, Superin- tendent of Works, and Mr, J. Scovil, Sccrotary of tlie Company. Mr. K. (i. Scovil was formerly of Domville, Seovil it Co., ami tlioroughly understands the busines.«, having .spent many year.s at it, and acquired a practical knowledge of all it." details. The Rolling Mills and Nail Kactory give emphnment U\ a large nember of hands, and form one of tlie mo>^n\v, Ir-liunl, i;iiil !.i' wii- liorii in liiMiipton. Kiii^^'s ('iii,:iiv. llf wvut into tho aWa-e o\' .Mt-pf^iv. I), it T. VaiiL^liaii "n 1840. Tin-y v\crc riii;'fii;fl in ,'ic Deal liiisine,>-r. Iifsifles bpinK large ,rrMur:iii >'t Dnnii. fn iSi'y2 the livni pnrcli;i>»'d tiic Iimjii liusiue.^s ot Tiio-. F. l{a> - nidnd, Ksfj., cmnipr uT Unii'ii and v'(), wlicn tln-ir \van•)l(lli^^('s in Wattn* s:,T(.(-'t hcinu 'Minii. til • ljnsin*'S3 th(,'rc v^-as di;*c<>iitiiiiieil. In I8.V» tlioy e>«tal)lif*lied a r»liiiiyar 1 ai DofL-lifslcr Isiand. uhf-r,- tli'.'y l»!iJU ti\>' laryf sliip,-*. In lJ^."i7 tln'V (•l(i.*f'd this yard and vonnied the burinejis at Mav.>*h Krid^f . where tliey built four iiiori- sliii)>. During their Hhijtbnildiu;; ii|p('i-atir,ii», Mr. .lulm Frtiji ri« ksoii v\;i> thidr foreman. In 1SU(» ifon. .lohn Hol»i-'ViM'n built for lln/ni the larye warehouN' jiiid oftjce at tlu^ loMt-r end of Norili Markt>t Whiir*". into wl;i'-h llir>' uiovoil their iron l)n8iiie!.,-. in l-^iHi Mr. I>nnn imrcha.sefi Mr. Me- Moran's interest in the ('o-h'-iim and added Id it the bujinr^s of Shij'>' OnTfitl'i.^s. (•arryin;.' il or in his ow}i r.anie till 1871. when lie a.«,. X; T. Vaiigiian. wit'.i whom Mr. Dunn served his clerical appiodiceshii.. under ll;c iircseid ,-lyb' ot ■blii, Ji, T)iinn & Co. The firm carry on the iron and .netal !)iisiness extensi\ely. in which t!i»^y keep a laraie stock constantly on IumkI. and they arc preimred to furni>h Aessdr? of all -^izes \\ ith comjilcic onttits. Their w.uvhoiix- is most favorably located, and is re]ilcte with the hcsi articles intneir liecy. nctli partners are ah'u larjjely interc-;ted in sliippin<:i. and owners ill a considerabl(> ninnher of veuilrliii;,f, topfetlur with the junior partner's acquaintance with the fieneral business, tnnblc them t<") fcdly meet the refpiirements of Ihe trade. Mr. Dunn i- I'isu n IHrector in the Sprinix Hill Coal .Miniiu,' Company. rST. .)tJllN a:«1) n> msiNF.S:*. S. HAYWARD & Co., ^7U^ H O 3L. ID S .A. X. E li -A. I^ X3 "WT .A. I^ E , 41 Prince William Street. Mk. U.vvwvru is a native of Kin^'sj County, N. B. VVluii <^))l.v • •ijjIUeen years; of n^e he l)ej;an business on liis own axuMunt hy njten- inji' a country store. His entire eapital eonsisted of l.'3(l, wliicli lie iiad made by ooeasional strokes of buying and selling inwbieli lie bful •"Ugaged whib^ working on bis fatber's farm. After conducting a irvotitable tva for several years, Nfr. TTayward sold out, and went to seek a l^etter bonie and a ((ui'-'ker nimlc of getting ricb in tbe (ireat ^'est. ."^fter years devoted to ratlier iniprotitable prospecting on tbe •ibipes of tbe Rocky Mountains aiid tlie Pacific coast for tlie desired locality, lie concluded to return to bis native New IJrunswick, riclier iji experience if not mi money, and settle down and be content. In accordance witli tbis resolution be retiri"net imi>ortant and successfid bouses in the ciiy. Thig ia a strictly wholesale bouse in suc.b line?* of hardware as an- generally ke]it i)y country uiercbaiits, and does a Vfry large business with them. It is well known for tbe courtesy, promptness, careful- ness, and straightforwardness of its dealings with its custoiuiTs, and in these characteristics is the secret of its great siu^cess m the past, the cause of the rapid growth of its trade at present, and the i»romis(^ of its increased prosjierity in tbe future. The stock, wliicb is among the largest and moj^t \aried in St. ,lohn in all lines of the bardvrare business, is shown with jjleasure to all who wish to ins])e(;t it, and orders by mail or otherwise are filled without s. which ai*e unrivalled for exceileni-e and are n^tidly increasing in popularity. It is also sob' agent for the IVnobsciuis Ulue Facloiy. the only establishment of the- kind in tbe Maritime Provinces, and one that promises to be an ini[>ortan1 additioii to New Brunswick's jniinu- facMiring interests. M'. John ^M) MS lUMVKrss. 81 W. H. THORNE «& Co., \Vtiiilesalc ami llctail Dealers iii Hardware, Airricultiiral liapleuients, Mill Supplies, Jr. CANTERBURY STREET AND MARKET SQUARE. COR. DOCK STREET. Agricultural Warehouse, Paddock Street. I) — - ' Mit. Tiion.NK, !i iiatixt; of St. .loliu, was hvM to tlm llarJwnro iMisiiiu's.s witli Messrs. I. I'c K. Biirpoi' I'V" Vo„ jiiid in 1867 stavttMl btisi- \uj^i (wlioli>salf! iiiul rt'tiiil) in Market S(|uaro, {•ontiniiin^ till JrtT.'t, vvlien he associuted with R. (.'. Scovil, a uativc of King's Cdiinty, \\\\n liiid proviously hoojv largely en^aj?etock of the celebrated Fairbanks counter scales, '^heir wares are of tlie best manufacture and selected with the greatest i-are, and their enterprise and fair dealing can Itut reajt a merited -Mccesfi. S'J SI. .ii.ii \ \\ 11 us lil ^1 SJ-,>--. HUTCHINSON, Kofi) Mi •hill 1)4])* . CirUONOMK/rERS. WATCHES AM) JKWIvLLERV, No. 2 Imperial Buildings, Prince Wm. Street. TiiK IIl ii uivso.N I'auiily liiis a cliiMiKilogicHl rf|iiiiiiritiii fuvfoih- ^>•lU)l■Hti^)ll^. Thf ^a'aiiclfatlicr of tlic ]>fe.sent iiroprietov leanifd tlir trade in tli(> old ('(Hiiitry. and cfiiiii' nvcr to tliis comitry nnd oarvii'd it on in St. Aiidruw.-. Jlis fatlior (William) caiiio from LoiuLoiKlcvry. Indaiul. wlicrc he l(^»'.vnod aii Ixwiiy- uiisvilliiii: 'n tf'm|»t tlic walov further, the family settled here, and .Mr. .irutchinsu,i set ii|> his sho]» in the old <'o;ffee House, corner of King .sti-eet and .Market 8' Hutchinson, jr., in coni]iauy with liis uncle (ieorge, i)urohased th«> cDUccrn. and carried it on under the lirm id" (!. v'<: (i. Hutcliinsiai. In I. St >0 George retired, since which tlie lU'esent )>ro]irietoi- has conducted I he business uji.to'the present time. Wht ii the old (loffe** House "wa- icUMi down to nuik(> way for the ijvesent bnildiu}^. thr (^tahlishm-^ni niadi- several mo^ es nud linally got back on the >anu' lot wiierc ii started tifty-si.\ ye-ars ago. Previous to l>*l'.t this lot had been in jtossession of ('has. ^rcl'liersoii, grandfather of Afr. Ifutchinson's Avifc .Mr. Hutchinson deals in all the best makes of European and Anu'ri- can Watflu'S and in tine .lewellery. and with a first-class Coi)enliageii artisan uianufaetures lo order jewellery uot surpassed iu Ihiroi-e for style and finish. An e\ipiisit(> tiligi-ee set, costing $2M}. was eveeuted •!t this establishment. Tli(> same artisan Mas cmjiloyHd Avhile in Copenhagen npon a sev for a mt-mbev of the liivitish Royal family. Very .special attention is paid to tiie rating of chronometfvs from eomjiarison with astronomical clocd^s, corrpcted by solar and sidereal observations. My. Hutcliinson has a mounted transit instrument neai' Ids residence, convenient for fre((uent ohst'r\atioii. H<« is the regu- lator of the city clocks, and is apixdnted by (Jovcrumeat sniterin- tendent of the Time Ball, whieli dr'ii)s at lUv Custom House at on.' o'clock cAcry wetdc day. Mr. Hutchinson also deals in ^^alhenultieal, Optical and .Vaiiticiil Inst^vuments, in which he has an a,'~s(M'tm>.nt of the be^^t articles mad' in these several lines. His -on is receivtjig Ids training in the ^^^tab- lishmenl, which nuikes an unbroken line of fotir generations in tln' importaut ofbci' >if unliiig triif lini" and cr ■rribii^ii::,' io liajiits '■! punetuality. KA1 re:!/ vM) I L'ltKU.j;. 8:5 C. & E. EVERETT, Hatters and Furriers— Wholesale aud Retail, 17 King Street. — 0- Tjii.N (till aiiil uell-t'StaWi*lipfl house orij^inattxl uitli .Mr. t'. I>. Krerett in l-VcdcrictiMi in I8'24, who ^(jon after as'^nciiited w ith Davi"! Stvickland umltjr t!i'' ^^tylc 'if Kverell \- Strickliiml. In I'i'Jo thev 'stahlishc'l Inviiu-li hoasos in St. John, iynd in Miraniic-hi. .\'r. Kveroti moving' to St. John the jianu- year. Jn the givat New Brunswick iorest fires of tliat year. Avliieli (''estroyed Kvederictnn and Miraniichi. ilieir stores and faetorief* in Ixitli jilac's were liurii*. In a year or two after, the tinu dissulved, .Mr. Sti-ieUlaiid taking; III.' Tredericton and Mr. Everett the St. .folm inisiness. the latter ■ ontiniiinif aUaie till ^848. when he took liis son. Ciiarles A., into |iartnerlreft- then in Vliirket Sipiare. mi tiic .-ite nf the l.ondou IIihi^^. till li*<.".7 'then m the 'lid Cdfl'ee House, corner (if Kiuji' and I'riiwe William streets, where I hey continued until 18.')i'. when the liuildiug was removed to gi\c I'lace to the (iilli> I'lotdv. thry locatln;^' on Kint;' liou>e coui- nienced in 1824. Tiie liatter of that day worke(l in wool aud fur. the H'lcati-r part (d which was of native growth. N'arious kinds of fur tlial never saw the beaver went into the T!i(ic<'r hat. Thus Mr. I'lverelt naturally beCiime a fur Imyer and .-iH]iiier to the ilii^di-h market (d' all descrijitions not retiuired in his o'.^ ii hat nu\nufact(n'> The pnrcluise of native fur> has been continued hy this house down lo the present time, not howewr (o !>e u. in perfection, liiit to he converted into the many articles of. coiufortaMe and elegant ap[»artd for hotli se\es. while the hear, wolf, raccoon, wolverine, lynx, wild oat. huttak>, and other animal-i furnisli the skin^ fr(.m which this estahlishmeut \m>- duce< the Kolies so indispensahli^ f(U' the merry lus natiNc skin- ;ire .sold in London by their ajrents, the celebrated Fur nierchaiits. l.ampson ^; Co., with whom the Messrs, Rvrett hH\e done husines- for forty years, ()-\er thirty hand- find con.-taat euqdoyment in the Fur, llat ioi.! Cap Mannfni-tory helongi'ig to thi.> ("^tahli-ihmeut the con.stantl\ increasing business gi\ inL' evidence of the este.'i^i in wImi-Ii the firm i- ludd by their larue lirdc oi' eu-ittuiiers. >4 .ll»H\ ,\N n IIS l!l ^1 \ l,».v. MJSTORKJ.M, SKKTCll OT INSl'IJA NrK. Tlu- bii>inM?4s of i)),xuraiicf it* pvinnini'iit uuidiiy; tin- nuiiiy illii.^lrii- lioii.s of the. ti'iidfiicy 1i> associiilinn which ih at odci' tlie- ofl'ert aii'l the causf nf iiihiiiu-ui^ inodorii civilizalioii. By means of it \\\r resources of many arc a^^^regated for the proicelioii of each, each line i»aying oxt-r a ] obtainiiifj; ])rotectioii against a loss whii-h wdiihl crusli liim; and what he pays iieli)s to f(jnu tlu- fund whidi iMdeniiiififs other.s. llenot^ (.•tmimerce and enterpriso avt> i)roinotod and dcNtdopol lo an e.vt«'nt far l»i\vosel Kngli^h >ta.tiitf wliich rt!Cogui/.es it is 4." Klizabelh, c. 1- ( KU)!^. Wisby, in his niaritinu' code. ]»ublished jirobably about ['2oO, speaks i>f it, Init lliis is sujiposed to be an iuter])o]ation. It is jxissible insurance was practised centuries before it was recognized by law. The famous J^loyds had its (U-igiu in Lloyd's Cottee House in Londo.'i, wliere nierchants met to drink and talk over iheir ventures, and wjiere tliey i-ntered into insurance compacts. In 17'2ii(io\erument granted a monitpoiy to the lioyal K.vcdiange and the London .Assurance Companies, uinni the jmymeut of a large sum by them into the (iovernment coffers, whicli, in connectioji with, the Lhiyds, occupied the entire tiehl till 1824, when these e.vcluisive powers were rejiealed and enlargefl facilities permitted. The London .Assurance Company extended its oi»erations to Life insurance in 17-1. The Kquitable of London is the ohlest exclusive i-ife Company, h liegan in I7li-, and had the same premiums for all ages, in 17H(> it began to operate on a .system of graduated tables. Ml the above named vJomjiauies are still e.visting, * The subjei^t of Kire insurance vvas tirst agitated immerliately u](on ihe great tire in Lomlon in l(t66, but no compajiy was formed till l<>SO. It was called the Fire Oihce, and was a pi"(jprietary concern. In lti87 il appealed to the Lords of Privy Council for protection against an opposition coiunany, and asked e.vclusive privileges because, as the memorial set forth, the proprietors "did invent and set up a new undertaking " in ItJHO for insuring houses. The lland-in-iland '"'oni- l»anv, still evisti'ng, was instituted in KitKi. and added Life insurance in iS'M). It will thus be seen that the business of .Marine, J'Mre and Life insurance has long been in [>raptice, working up from a crude state mid a. s])ecies of gambling, to a regular and well-dfdine 111 >l N I.>S. S5 UNION MUTUAL Life Insurance Company of Maine. i:OrKaiii/«>.} DIRECTORS OFFICE, 153 TREMONT STREET, BOSTON. HENH Y S. W ASHHU RN, Pres. W. H. HOLLISTER, Staljli.she(l l'.)iiii>iiiiy luis jiii iine.vcfjitionuUly .*suiiig j)oli(;it\s on all the most n])im)V(Ml in)pnlar plane, inn! Iiy its well-won repiitalicm for -iinnti iiiaiiii.L!;t'nu'nt nini pn'Pi))! ilt;alinif is r!ii)iilly c.xteutliiig il.>» .ilrctiily lurgH l»n.sine.ss, and sta)iast ve»i,r a dull one. It.s ])rt'niiunL receipts in \H~^> reached Sl.''>7< •,-•».'), while in 1874 they reached .iil],8."iO, l*'>l, heing a gain of eleven per cenj. At the same time there was a decrease in death-losses, the total of wliich was ;§4r»;5.(>.">J„ The ('oinpany's interest receipts during tJie siiine tiniewt-re .*.V».s,.Vi8. or oAer . more than tiie dealli-Ios.seis. Tin- e\ery .'«!'.<•<) I'f deatji-losses the Company received jSi'J.'). I'5 in inlerest. The iiicriia-re of new biisinesis is another satisfactory feature in the I'xliil.tit. Large i's was the issu»> of policies in 1^7.'!, thert> was an iiicri-ase of 1,8' in 1874, nniking a total of tiJ.'iL': nnd its lM.7.'>8 policie.s in for> .*ainiary. 187^), is \l,'XtO greiiter than at the close of the preceding year. Tiiere i.s also .-m increase of over ojie-half in the l)remiums on new Itusiiie.ss, tliost^ of 187.3 heing §320,432, ami S(8;i,22',» I'or 1874. The increase in assets has also liet-u large, heing SI.olidiiy of the Cmnpany in all its ()8 in 1873. ][ has a deposit of .sl'X'.WK'it <')ttiiwa for till' pr"t»'cTioi) of its ( Vinadhin ])ol icy-holders. HC, ST. ,u .^l \ \ V ,) ' I » I'.i *i N r-i^. C. E. L. JARVISS INSURANCE AGENCY, No. 2 Princeas Street. - -o - Ml!. .1 \i(\ i.>. ;i iiiiii\t' of M. -Iclm, in oi'i'Jy lift- r",-i'lf"J hi Si. .loim'*. .\. !•'., wlmri' III' \v;i- t'iij:;age(t in ."^Uiniio, Fiiv jiU'i l.tf" iM^uvHiH-f for (.'ij4"lil years, lir rrtiirn*'! (<• liii' lily in ISij."). umi the lu-xt ytiir smi- u|'p(iintf!. Ill- wiis fi)r Hrnral yi-iiv^ ."^f<*n't)n'y riiji.«\«icU I'lOJti'd <'i' bMi'c Uiiflcru ritrrs, diiviug Aviiicli liun' twu of tlj*' sevorsil fMrift's i>r rates nddjitod by tlit> IJdard, w.-vv ]inpiuvil by liim. Moiv rocfntU lie W!is iippointcd (ieuevni .\^eiit for Xew Uviiji>«.\vi(;k hikI T*riiu'i- I'idwnvd Tsliind of tlie Aecideiit Insurance tVniiiiany of Canada, imd iicnernl Aj^ent for New i{vini-\\ iek of Ihe rannda (iiiavautee Company. Tile (^iieeii Company for Fire :ind Lite iii'^iivanee li!i.< u oajiital oT 5, ;ind has ii bn.'^ines.s iw the PvoviiU'e of JS'ew linmswie'U r\ COO'I only to tlie laverpool and fjomlon iind (llobe Company. Imviui^ been reiirt\«ented liere for .seventeen years, and being Uie tliinl olde.'^l ageney of RritiMi companies. It ]ia. over .ii!(>,74i,.''i7U, of Avbieli. during" t1u' last nine years, it bas paid in N'ew Brunswick ^lOf), 105. The (^leen i.s on,^ of the tiu-'^.' Ih-iti.-li companies wliose investments ajid premiums in tlie Uniteir States exceed a million of dollars'. The Accident Insuraaci^ Coiii|iaiiy of Caimda, of w hicli .Sir Alei^ander T. tinlt, of Montreal, is President, and Kdwaril Rawlings, Manfii,'er. i- i\ new coni]tany Avhicli is jirowinti' into ia\ 'ir. and its biisiiie>s is rapidlv ■ iiicri'asin<.i\ tickets now beino- p|^(•^•d at -tations on the Tnt-n-coloniid and other railwayf. The Canada (inaraiitcc (.'oiiiuany is authorized by the iHiuiiniouand Provincial Ooveriinients head-iinarterr-i Moutival, with same offlce.s as the .\ccidentCoin]iaiiy. It is dovot''d «.lely to tli*- issuiiijx of bond-:; of suretyship for oftieer.s of tlu' Crown in all departments nf tlie ( i\ il service: also, for oUricers of Banks. Railway ami Couuiiercial institu- tions ijeiierally. by uhieh «yi>tf-m private suretyship is rendered umiece.ssary. These boiul- are accei>ted by the Doniinion and Pro- vincial (ioveriiiueiits in iieii of private snreiyship. The preiiiinms- are trillini;' compared wiili llif beneilts derived. The offices of tlie (^iie.-u and of rbi' fjiverpoo] and London and (Jlolf ar>' connected in Princ ss streei. and lae rooms are wt-U arrav.uvd and every facility afforded for the tvanj-action of business. Mr. Jan-is has nuele Insurance his life bu.sii:ess. and jaMved a nio^^t 'vortby and «'Hficient oflieer in reprr-:-'-ntiiiji' soiii'.d C( mpanies rmd dealing j'i^ti_\ and satisfactorily to f,j| -j.finifs. M. .K'llN WK lis ULSI^!;XS. ROBERT MARSHALL, General Agent for Fire and Marine Insurance, ATTORNEY AND BROKER FOR NEW BRUNSV^aCK LLOYDS. NOTARY I -UH Lie, cXe. Head Office,— Corner Prinre William Street and Market Square, St. John, N, B. Mn. lionKur M vu^n \i.i. was bom i}i Nova >Sc ttia, A[tril 'JTlli, IH.'L', ftou of Mr, .M(v\iinr >fcNiiiiglitoii >[!ivshull, iiml gj"oa1-gniml;-on nt I{ol)('it Miir»!)Hll, Ks«;iiiiv, who Pini^'Tatnl fi'Diii Uumfrii'd, ScMitliinil, ill IT71. All his fiir('t'a1h»-i'.>i caun, iiliuiit the t^aiue tiint> to \uva Scotin iVnin Uimifrics, with the exception i>f the .lohnsoii hraiich of the family, which e,mLgratot>: hi.- j^jn'Ml-^niiidfathfr, Mr, James .Inhnsoii, left New I'ngland with hi.s family iiii'l hi-otln'r, fiieutenanL .fohn Johnson, ami >ettlod in Triii-o, N. S., in the year 17(31. On the .'ilst October, 1705, ilu' Govevnuionl i;rantrrnrshiill removed to Chat ham, in the County of Xorthumberland, Province of New Brunswick, in I8.'<7, where, having juissed through rh.! Cilranimar School, in I84y, as clerk and accountant, he entered the MTvice of Messrs. Johnson it Mackie, a large mercantile, lumber iind .-hipbuildiug (Irm— an oft'-ehoot of the well-known firm of Messrs. (tilmour, Rankin it Co., occupying the same commanding position on the 8outh, tliat the parent firm did on the North side, of the Miramichi Kiver. In April, 18r)9, Mr. Marshall removed from Miramichi to St. John, the Government having appointed him accountant of the now Inter- colonial Railway. ^Vlien he opened hi** office in the depot only nimi miles of the road were completed from St. John, and about seventeen miles at the eastern end from Point du (Jhene to Moueton. He took II a active part in organizing the respective ofHces upon the line and nddpting a system of Returns anil Accounts, having visited tiie United States, Ontario and Quebec for the purpose of examining the systems used by other railroads. In May, 186C, Mr. Marshall organiztnl his present Fire and ^Marine Insurance Agency. He now represents, as General Agent for the Province of New lirunswick, tbo following Companies; Tlie Imperial W i' lii.-iiniiM'f ( oiiiiiiMiv !•'" liiHKloii, fstiil»li,-li('(' in IHO."., iinc nf ih.- ulilcMt .|',ii)^rli.-ili riri' C'oiiipiiiiii's lining hiisiiu'ss in (Jiiiinil!! ; capiiril i:-J.( NKUHKi—i.' KM) nl' the |irtiiuiy hI' lliii-trtinl, ,(NH>,(XX>: ilir llnrlfunl Kin ln.-«nnincf (\inii»iiny. i>(' Mariroril, oryniii/t''ti USffts, Sl'..'>r IJrtjniilyn, N. Y., iiuinrporalcd in IM."»3, Five aixl Inland Marin., witli rapilal and cash assets exceodinfif S-.. The a^^Te- gate losses jtaid by ail tiiese associations since their organization reaches the tiiiornious sum of nearly S'.K),(1(MMHHl. Mr. Marsliai! lia> paid lo8.se8, for comjtanies luaiiaged by him, since I8('>H to the extern of nearly S7'), and has adjiLsled the respi-irtive claims wiiich aggregate this amount in a manner alike .-atistactory to the associa- tions repre.->enteil and to tlie assured. Mr. Marshall holds a coinmi.*.sioii a8 JSulary i'ublic for the l*ro\ luce of Saw lirnnswick, as well as coiimii.s.sion,s (»f the I'eace for eacli >>i the (.'ounlies of St. .fohn and Kings -being' the only HumI niagi,-*trate in the i'rovince. Ill 180H Air. Mar.*hall, by request, .submittfd a paper to the (Jovern- luent at Ottawa upon the .subjoct of u Canadian system of classifica- tiou and ins]jecti(m of .shipping, which, in the interest of the tonnage of the country, he urged .'should be ♦>8tabU.shod by the Cfoverument. and yet largely controlled by the leading .ship-owners. In the sanu puiKT he urg'^d the (Canadian Afiniistry to establisli a lUirean for the examination of Masters and urates, ckiiniing that the certiticntes of such cvamuiation would be recognized all over the world as of e«pia! value with eertitieate.s granted by the Boards of Trade in Kngland. This .suggestioti Avas carried into practical o{>eration, with the the exception that the law did not extend to inhlnd waters. But agreeably to the suggestiiai oi the Dominion Board of Trade, the Oovernnieni, during the past session erf Parliament, introducctl an Act to extend the law <»ver the whole of Canada, so the measure will Ui'ltlilM' MAKMlAl.i,. >!» Ill' ciirrird nut IIS iiriu'iiiitlly -ii^^icstofl. niiicli tn tin !nl\!iiit:i^o (if tlif «liililtiii^( inttTfsts iif till- Dnmiiiidii. In IST'tJiIr. Miirsliall |tiil»li'*lii' now hein^' niaih', at the snpfgestion of the IJnniiiiion Board nf Traih'. to secure n conM-ntion of the (Invernnients nf tlie I'nitcfl States mid ('aiiiuhi in ado|it a n'ciieral deck load hiw iiltplicahle to hnth cnnnti'ies. As Chairnian nf a Coniniittee of tlie Dnuiininii linard of Trade. Iiild at Ottawa in .latiiiary, lS7o. Mr. .^larshall submitted a very abb' rel^iort upon tlie subjects of Kirc and Ijife Insurance, indicating llie cnur.se the (iovennnent shuidd adopt in reference to these important subjects, witicli rcpnrt. after |trolnnged dis(!ussitui, was imnnimously ad(i])ted; and already rarliainent lias ijivtn jirnctical effect to the leading suggestions tiierein math'. Mr. .Marslialls insiirntice record e.vtend.s tiAer a wide field, aud .siiows a deejt insigli into all the vtirinus matters which are legitimately cnnnected with tliis important subject, and a potential intluence in securing neoded reforms in insurance legislation ami regulations. His .success in the direct management of the companies of which he holds the agency is also in the highest degree creditable to his administrativ« ability. At the fifth annual meeting of the Dnmininn Hoard of Trade, held at <.)tia%va in January, lS7.'i, Mr. !Nrarshall was unnnimoii.sly elected Vice-l*resid(!nt for the Province cf .Vew Hrun.swick. He has l)een an active member of the St. John Hoard of Trade, as well as that of King's Oouuty, since their formation, and f(>r the iia.st two years has been a delegate from the latter t<» the Doniiuinn Board meetings at Ottawa. In l''J74 Mr. Marshall i^ubmitted a itaper njion the snhjec^t of Cana- dian Tonnage aud IMimsoll's Bill, which w«s well received by the Board, a.s well as the Press of Canada and th(> United States. In this paper he labored to t'.stablish the fact that the wooden tonnage of Canada wouhl bear mont favorabh> conipari.^on with the iron-freight tonnage of the worM, and jiointed out wherein Plimsoll's Bill diti great injustice to the wooden toimage of Canada, which rightly holds a character eqxial, if not superior, to tiie iron tonnage which Mr. PlimsoU seeks specially to favor. In this paper, as well as in an article on the subject publishefl in the Press of St. John in April, 187^, Mr. Marshall claims for Canada the ffuirth, if not the third, place in gross amount of tonnage, and tlfal slie already (iwii« more tonnage in proportion to her population # IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 Ji'ila 12.5 I JO 6" 2.2 2.0 U lllll 1.6 Vi <^ /a %■ *. ^ My ^ ' ■> o ^ / /fS^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m V \ :\ % .V #1 ^^\ V > !»0 KKHKKI M.VIf>ll \l.l. m^ \% iliiinun.v olIitT iMiiiiUry in l,h<- \vorliit, \\\u'\\ it i>roi'H(ikMl to <*arry ilie la\\ in n K-rtun' to tlii.« iiiatli-r into }ii-a(-tical opiTatioii, to a|(])oiiit <'oii)niittt cm of .Mniia^oiiK'Ut i'l' the r('.«j)f'<;tivi' I'rox iiicfr', coniijosoilol' liMuliiij^ .Nliip-uwinTsaiul otliir* largely iiiti-nvstcil in i)ie AviOI'nn' of raiui'lijui loniia;^*'. AjpvfuMy to a rurtoliitioii luovt^d by -Mr. .Mar.siiull, tli<- lluiiiiuiun Uoard of 'I'rmU' imniorialized tlit- Uovt-riuueiit at t)tta\\a to lakt- sti-jt- lo ]»re\t'jit tniy Ici^i.-latioii tlint muy b<^ had in tln' liuixTial I'arlia- Dieiit from ]>ri'ju(licially alYt'ctii)!^ the shipjtinj; of ('an!i,..........,,. Mr. ^lar^hall also holds, nuiler date of OctulnT ITth, ISfil mission as Lieutenant in thr Seeond Hattjilion «jf tlin St. Jol; i«, a eor.i- _.. , »hn liij^lr. hifantry. He i» also a life nn-nrher ot thf Young Men's Christirm Assiiciution ot St. Joliu. Aiit. .MAitsit xi.i.s .M\s()\u nctnirn. I'jMm tlie dojuise of tile lute lion, Alexander Kt ith, .\I. \j. C, Kii llaliffix, N'o\a Seotia, Robert Marshall, Ks^inire, was appointed Provincinl Gr.iiul I'rior of Knights Teni])lar in Novn Scotia and New Brunswiek, in liis plac**. According to the C'raftmi(ni, Mr. Marshall liolds a distinguished jmsition in the Masonic fraternity. Ifo is ..t present Dopiity tirand Master of the (fraud Lodge of .Vew nninswiek, nnd i'resident <)f tho JJoard of CJeneral Purposes I'rtst Urauil Superintendent of lioyal Arch !Mnsonrj- -Past (irand Master «)f (Jniml Conneil of lloyal* Select Masters and Ajipeud- eut Orders Insivetor-tieneVHl in New 13niuswiok for the (irand (Joiuieil of Koyal Ark Masons of Knglund ln&]>ector-Generttl of the Order of lltul Cross of ll^nne ami Constantine, S. of the H. S., muler patent from the Karl of Beetive -A Life 3Ien:ber of the "Sweden- borgian Kite of Preemasonry" — Kej»resentative of the (Irand Couneil of Rtyal and Select Masters of the State of Masiiftchusetts near thi < irand Council of R. and S. ^lastera and Appemlent Orders of the Province of New Brunswick — CouiniRnder-iu-('hief of the Hariuglon .Soveroipi Consistory (.'i2"^) of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rit<' for the ;Maritiuie I'rovinces. In 1870 the Supreme Council of tlu- Thirty-third, or last Degree of Freemasonry of lingland, created Mr. Marniiall a Sovereign (Irand Inspector-Cieueral, or &Vl, and api>oiuted itim the ItopresentatiTe, for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, of the .Supreme (Council in Canada. Upon the establishment of an Independ- ent Supifme Council of this Onier for Canada in 1874, HI. Bro. Kobert Marshall, SHrd, was amiolnted Lieutenant Grand (Commander. Mr. Marshall is a Director in the "New Brunswick Masonic Hall Company," and •witli other leading masons is at present taking acti\« measures to secure the early erection of a Masonic Temple on the eligible and spacious site ox^-ned by the, Comjiany on Germain .>ly instrumental Jn founding the higher grades of the Order m this rro\inco of Now Brunswick. • ST. JOIIX AXD ITS UU81NE88. 91 T. A. TEMPLE'S , GEJ^EfRAL IJJSUfRJJ^CE JGEJ^CY, 104 Frii^e William Street. Mh. Temi'lk's i)ait'ntH came to St. John from London in 1820. His father, the Rev. William Temj)!?, was sent out as a missionary to these Provinces by tlie WesJeyan Missionary Society. While a lad Mr. T. entered the office of Katchford & Brothers, shipping and comnussion merchants, in Nelson street. In 1845 he became a member of the firm of Coburn & Temple, of Fredericton. From thence, in consequence of ill-health, he removed to New York in l8o2, doing a commission business there until 1864, when {personal interests demanding his attention here, he returned to this city, and ten years ago, established his Insurance Agency. His Marine business, which had assumed large proportions, was at first principally carried on by individual underwriting, but in con- sequence 01 the panic of 1872, a number of underwriters having withdrawn, this organization was closed up, and it is now done exclusively by incorporated comimnies. Mr. Temple's facilities for placing large lines of Marine insurance on hulls, cargoes and freights, to and from all ])art8 of the world, are first-class. Among the Companies doing business through him are, the Atlantic Mutual of New York ; assets S 10,003, '.84— Pacific Mutual, New York, Sl,O20,.]O7 — Millville Mutual, N. J., »1,309,789, and Merchants' Marine, of Ban- gor, 8301,206, by all of which losses are equitably and promptly met. In 1866 Mr. Temple was appointed General Agent for the Union Mutual Life Insumnce Company, and established agencies in Nova Scotia, P. E. Island, Newfoundland and Bermuda, doing a i>rofitablo business. Declining a renewal of the contract with that company, which expired in 1872, he was appointed Attorney for the Dominion for the Mktbopolitan Life Insuiiance Company of New Y^ork, and Superintendent for the Maritime Provinces. Tlie evident superiority of the plans of the Metropolitan over the old forms of insurance, was so palpable as to secui-e for it, on its introduction, a line of business seldom equalled by any company coming into the Dominion. In its Reserve Endowment and Reserve Dividend plan, it claims a combination of advantages — a greater variety of benefit — more of equity, simplicity and security, and a larger adaptation to the varied interests of insurants than chai-acterizes any other plan before the public. The character of its management is exemplified in the elec- tion of such men as the Hem. ex-(iovernor Wilmot, of Fredericton, and John S. Maclean, Esq., President of the Bank of Nova Scotia, of Halifax, as full members of the Home Board of Directors, for the purpose of conserving the interests of the policy-holders in the Dominion. Mr. Temple's successful Agency is founded \\\)on the iirinciples of equitable, prompt and liberal dealing. 3 'Mi m ■■;in 92 ST. JOHN AND TT8 lU'SINESS. TiHE LUMJiEK TKADE. New Jlnint<\vick being a country oripfinally covered witli niaf^itl- cent forests, the first business of its iHJojjle naturAliy became the cutting and exporting of timber to other countries where sylvan wealth was less abundant. Over a large portion of its area lofty pine." grew in great profusion, and at a very early i>eriod the jiines on the St. John River became a subject of concern both to France ami England for the supply of masts for tlic navies of these countries. When Acadia finally passed into the i)ossession of Kngland the Royal Navy was to a large extent supplied with masts from the St. John, and rnasts an4 devoted themeelves mainly to agriculture, and paid little attention to lumbering. Kven after the advent of the Loyalists, in 178.'>, the lumber export of St. John was for some years cpiite inconsideralile. No direct trade with Great Britain tlien existed, the commerce of the St. J(»hn pe'.)i)le for many years sul)se superficial feet, was shipped to England in the year 1822, but for many years the dimensions of the deal trade were very small. The year 182;') was a year of great activity and prosjjerity in the lumber trade, but it Avas followed by one of the most dreadful commercial disasters. Scores of men in St. John, who had been accounted rich, were beggared in a day, and St. John and its trade were, for a time, well nigh ruined. So sudden was the calamity and so widespreatl were its effects that majiy thought Saint John had fallen never to rise again, and large numbeifs of i»eople left the Province about this time. The trouble did u< t originate oi this side of the water hut was the THE [.UMUEU TIl.VDK. 99 result of the flnanrial madneBs which th»' wonderful jTosperity of the years 1824 and 1S'2'>, ha«l produced in Kn^laud. Jiuhblo conipanie!* of all kinds ruse like inui^hroonis throughout the three kingdoms, and the capital of the country was absorbed in dit^tant investments, winch could never, l)y any i>o>isibility, be expected to yitdd a return. Thf Kj^ring of 182(i oi»ened with depreciated stocks, glutted markets, and no buyers, and cargoes of lumber sent from St. John to Liver])ool did not yield enough to ]>ay -the freight. But our city, though sorely stricken, was not utterly destroyed, and its trade i)resently revived In 182M the exports of the Province, mainly lumber, were valueil at $ 1,22;'), 1. '>;"», of which about one third went from St. John. The imjKirts for the same year were in value S.%127 ,803; both imports and exix)rts being greater than in 1824, which was a year of almost unexampled i>ros- perity. Tliese figures sIuav how rajndly St. John an«l tlie rest of the Province rallied from the disasters of 182r». In 1820 the exports of St. John were valued, in the Custom House returns at 8928,229, and we find in that yei,r the exports of lumber from St. John were in value as follows : — For United Kingdom $339,778 " British I^rctvinces in Africa, 3,275 " British North American Colonies, 7,4.')9 " British West Indies, 88,98.'» " United States, 14,787 " The Brazils 1,778 $408,0<)2 In 1829 the total exports of the Province were valued at 82,499,044, so that the exports of St. John were ruire than one third of the whole exports of the Province. The imports of the Province in the same year were valued at S3,101,()4.'"», of which St. John imported $l,704,7o7, or considerably more than one half. Since 1830 the lumber trade of St. John has gone on increasing, and although it has experienced several checks from various causes, none of them have been serious enough to do it any permanent injury. One of the most notable was the rei^eal, by Great Britain, of the duties on Baltic timber, which exposed cohmial woods to comiietition with fliie foreign article. These duties were finally removed in spite of the i)rote8ts of the colonies, in accordance with the new free trade policy of the mother country. The measure had a serious effect on the interests of New Brunswick in common with the other timber producing colonies. Notwithstanding that circumstance tlie export of lumber from Saint John is much greater than it was be''ore the duties were removed. The character of our export has, however, changed. Konnerly enormous (juantities of pine timber wei*e shipped, now the amount of that article exported from St. John is (piite insigniflcant. The i)4 THE LUMBER VUADK. I. it'' m mmice (le.8l has now beconie our j^ivat staitle. How enormously tlie export of tliis article has ini-ivased in less tlian thirty yearn may he seen from th<^ fact that in 1845, the total quantity of deals 8hipi>e(l at St. John and out|H)rt.s whs only 1-7,8(30 super- Hcial feet; in 1874 it wah 2I7,<)U1,ert1cial feet of boards were shipiied . from St. John and outports; in 1874 4(5,('-4,0(K) superficial feet of hoards were- 8hipi)ed from St, John alone, and in 1874we 8hipi)ed fewer boards than for many yearn before, owing to the ])anic in the United States. In 1872 our shipment of boards amounted to 85,996,- 'in,m) 047 Si 10,181 40s 1,244 107 40,057 512 55 2S,181 12J» 4,789 57 21,349 13 283 131) 31,351 28H» 20.870 19 5 3,542 4 977 5 1,137 - 848 334,887 700 18,288 034 :U7,18l 1,481 11,241 1.0<» 305,702 1,820 10,701 1,142 205,0S5 1,040 9,702 1.1:J7 300,78.> 4,557 7,3«U 051 ;i«;i,10«! 0.474 10.152 808 3;il 004 8,:J8;< 7.021 008 270,543 8.485 5,908 17,703 ll,3:n 18,748 U,40S Deals. 85,321* 10.288 18,763 10,878 44,612 20.792 19,412 3 6.703 921 217,601 208.624 14((,((4d 140,319 155,381 144,931 178,288 1(3,203 158,28.3 163.3,V2 46,024 57,802 8»,0n6 83,543 83,150 68,070 57,941 42,522 35,293 43,:W4 607,299 8<(4,34k 1.110743 912,589 977,956 1,024.556 1,119884 693,616 654,880 427,922 * M. signifies one thousand feet. ■ f. ... , ST. JOHN AXU ITS HUa!>E88. 95 I 'fi '.;. jiJ^mtE CUSHIJ^G Maaufaeturera of and Dealer* in & CO., LUMBER AND SUGAR BOX. SHOCKS. Theophilvh and Axdrk Ci'shixc}, from Frankfort in Wv State of Maine, comnit>nceion Bridge on tlie Carleton aide, in tiie f>i»rin«( of 18.')1, at what were then .known as the Tide Mills. These were erected in the wild speculation times of 18.3(5 and 'HT, chiefly by Bos- ton capitaliets, under the title of " The St. John Mills & Canal Com- pany." In the deep cutting across the rocky point, the building of the d£iU on the south side and the mills placed upon it, they extend- ed nearl}' a half million dollars, from which scarcely any return h-b* realized. All that remain of their ill-advised e\i)eriment are the canal and the ruins of the dam. Messrs. Gushing bought the jiroperty on the extreme point, and in 1862 erected a steam saw-mill with four gates. It was destroyed by fire in 18.55, and being rebuilt was again burnt in 1809. At first their business was confined cliiefly to the manufacture of Pin« lumber for the United Stat.^s markets, being of the best qualities of Aroost8tabli8iie(l liiiuself tliure in the himber and flliipping >»u9ine89, and offeraHid one of the first saw-milb in the Nortii •4)f Ireland, lie continued in the businei'S there until his death, which took i»lace about fifteen years ago, when his sun, Richard fJeorge Guy, who had been educated in his father's employ, succeeded to the business. Tlie latter carried on the concern for a number of years, when, about 180.'), he associated with him Messrs. Robert A. and John Stewart, who belonged to Newry, and had served in his employ. The house was then divided into two branches — the ])rincipal one being in Newry, in charge of Mr. Richard (U?orge tons of jane timber, and .'t.SfM tons of birch timl)er, in 1J2 ships aggregating 58,()()0 tonuage. The whole amount of deals shipjied from this port last year was 219,7<)l,r)0.') feet of deals; 790 tons of pine timber, and 18,668 tons of bircli timber, in 420 sln\m, registering 273,703 tons. It will be seen that more than one-fifth of the whole shi|)ment was by this flnu. They also do * very large lumber business on the North Shore, at Miramichi, Shediac, llichibucto, etc. Their shipment from Miramichi last year was about 29,000,000 feet ieals out of a total of 94,000,000. Tliei'r total shipment from St. John and Miramichi was nearly 74,CK)0,- •0(K) feet. They also shij) largely of pitch pine from Darieu, Ga., ■\lhfcre they have ah agency. «T. JOHN AM) ITH HfSINKSS. U7 S. T. KING & SON, Manufacturers and Shippers of Lumber. A sH.vMi' bund in the ri^ht bank of tlio St. Jtdin river, a short dis- tance above the Falls, formj a little bay known as Mo8, and founded the Bathurst branch, came to this city, and became principal manager, and since the death of Mr, Rankin, in 1871, has been sole proprietor, still retaining the old firm name. The first mills owned by the concern in this Province were on the Nashwaak, which were sold some years ago to Mr. Alexander Gibson. It now owns and carries on one of the most extensive mills on the river, at Indiantown, and situated most advantageously for loading vessels directly from the ir'H, and with ample piling grounds. It has one single and three gang saws, circular saws, and the necessary •-uachinery for manufacturing clapboards, staves, palings, laths, paving blocks and sugar box shocks, in which la^t the concern has had a large trade with the West Indies. The annual manufacturing capacity of the mill is about 20,000,000 feet of deals and boards, 10,000,000 laths, and other short lumber in proportion. A steam engine of about one hundred and twenty-five horse-power drives the worts, and from one hundred and fifty to two hundred men are employed about the mill. It owns timber lands on the Aroostook waters, and' oi)erate8 to some extent, but mostly supplies the mills with purchased logs. The Ifirgest product of the mill was in 1853, when one hundred and forty- six vessels, of over 75,000 tonnage, were required for the shipment. It is probably the oldest existing lumber house in the city, and has a wide fame. ST. .lOHN Axn rrs HrsiyKSH. 1)0 TIIK MAM'KACTURKS OK 8AJXT JOFf.N. I'rovious to tilt; American Kebellioii, in I8(il, 8liii»btiil(lii)^ and tlic luuniifticiure of lunil)er nmsti luted the j;reat industries of New Brunswick. The war, coupletl witli tiie abrogation of the Kecipro- city Treaty in 18(V4, pviKlucetl an advance in Kearly everything whicli had before been imported from the Uniteil States. Then it be- came evident te8 of those who, despite the prophecies of evil, then looked forward to a brighter future for New Brunswick. At the i)resent ilay tlu* din of the industry is heard in every di- rection, the smoke of the factory chimneys blackens the ail*, and the tokens of native industry greet the eye alike in the mansions of the wealthy and the homes of the humble. Among the ancient crafts, dating back to tlie time of the cunning Cain, we find the workers in metals, and in all ages have they l)een found among the most useful and most honored of citizens, — " For siiiee tin* Itirtli of tiiiiex, and in all agex and nationst, Ha.x the craft of tli«j smith been held in rt'i»ute by the pt-ople." THK BLACKSMITHS, the oldest of all iron workere, had, of course, representatives among the onrly settlers, and the most jjrominent of these a\ pears to have been one Oustrad, who among other things ctnnmenced the manu- facture of scythes. His two sois followed his trade for many years. At a later period, David Hogg enjoyed a fine local reputation as a skillful worker in metals. At the present day, the blacksmiths of St. John, including anchor smiths, Sec, are 27 in number, and em- l)loy upwards of one hundred workme», with an annual expenditure loo TUB MANUFACTURES OF «T. .H)I(K. of about S.Vi,()OH for wai^t-H. Tlie niatKrml i)i'o{rown to b« an iini»ortHnt branch of industry, there belnp; now tliree factories nfivin^( eniph)ymt'nt to L'U men, and paying wnfjCHlo Ihu extent of 91.1,00U anniinlly. In addition to the M-ythe inaktr fircviou»ly mentioned, the first num who ina TAcKS. In 1837, the tirm of Harris t.^ Allan, doing business where the foun- dry of J. Harris i*t Co. now stands, manufactured New Brunswick's first cut nail. This industry was carried on by the firm for about a year,two macliines doing the work and proilucing, together, at the rate of TjO tons annually. In 1838, the machinery, together with the good will of the business, was purchased from Harris iS: Allan by W. 11. .Scovil, who removed the works to Cold Brook, in the Parish of Simouds. This step was the first towards the establishment of a large and lucrative business, and the fruits of Mr. Scovil's enterimsc are now seen in the extensive establishments known as the Cold Brook Nail Factory and Moosepath Iron and Rolling Mills. In 1849, Wm. H. Adams and S. K. Foster started the Georges Street Nail Factory, and some years later Mr. Foster became sole proprietor, having purchased the works from his i>artner. At a later day he introduced machinery for the manufacture of tacks, and since the advent of Confederation this brancli has as8umeJ ST. .loll*'. lUl lull yar m Ix'in^ now ig waffe« t(» •tlui mak*'!' alty of the arly jwiriod ami flurin^' maker was Mf'n(lrick^', i. Kncli)H*>(! tern. The ro ofiened. e required lie Iiandk'H. il the Kn^'- >f n better I'll as ed^i' nuud)i-r of men cuiployetl in the Siiint John Nail and Tack fPauturieti is ai)uut 27-. At lea««t .'>,7-0 ton« uf Nailt) and Spikfu art- annually |)rodue«>d. The capital eni])liiy<'d is 9* >.'*<),< KM), and tin- amount | aid in amiual wages in S.'i4»,8 biscuit m iiuifHCture wa- carrie«l on at an orly period, an Shodcly biui tiit," c(»niposeower, and Hnaying 8()4,.'><»0 in annual wages, and prn- .. ducing articles to the value of nearly S-tOOiOfX) from raw material valued at Si'lHMJOiJ. UOOT.S AND SHOES. Tiler*' are 7'.) shoemaking establibhments in the City and County nf St. John. These employ 1071 men and women. The annual wages paid are S2r»2,t>0<). The value of the raw material u.sed is 0.*5ll,.'>Of.. and the articles produced are worth $717,»).'t'J. IIUK K.S There are three brick ami tile-making concerns in St. John. The capital invested in brick and tile-nuiking is 930,000. The first brick house built in St. John is still standing at the corner of (iermain and •Church .streets. It was built of bi"ick imported from Scotland h^ Noah Disbrow, and is one of the curiosities of St. John. CAIUNKI \\l) I'l «NirntK-MAKIX'. August, 1817, found Alexander Lawrence entering into the business, his shop being three doors below Poster's corner, King street. He was the fatli^r of Joseph W. and George II. I^awrence who still carrj' on the business. Soon after Mr. Lawrence entered upon the business a number of chair makers commenced to plj* their vocation, and among these wa? Jacob Townsend. He subsequently went to the United States arai hecamte the celebrated Jacob Townsend whose name is apjiended to the world-famed Sar8aparilla,though how he became the founder of, and amassed a fortune from, that well-known remedy, is not explained. Messrs. Smiler, John Dunn and Thos. Hay, are worthy of a notice among the old-time furniture makers. Dunn was the first to intro- duce steam in this branch of intlustrj-, and Hay was best known as a Windsor chair maker. The business of these was, however, on a small scale, and the first extensive use of steam power in the trade was by Messrs J. & 0. Lawrence, at Silver Falls, in ISM. In I65fi they were burnt out of these premises and have since worked in the city. At the present time, though large quantities of fiimiture are im- ported from the United States and Canada, St. John has three exten- sive steam manufactories, besides several thrifty establishmeHts where steam is not employed. Altogether, there are 10 concerns em- ploying 150 hands, and paying yearly wages to the amount of ^50,000. Haw material to the value of 850,000 is annually worked up, and is made to yield S 160,000. The capital invested is 0148,000. CAnniAOK MAKIXH. It is obvious that the early settlers of St. John ware not given tc» carriage driving, for the verj' simi)le reason that carriage roads did not exist in the land of their adoption. Paths answered the limited requirements of those who joumej'ed, and horses and saddles were the universal mode of conveyance for the ordinary traveller. Pan- niers were used when accommodation was required, and for the carriage of freight, suck as barrels of flour, etc., over the rough highway, an old-fashioned dray was used. This consisted of two long poles which answered for shafts and were allowed to drag their rear ends oa the groimd. A cross-piece, with two upright stakes, made a conveyance resembling one of our well-known drays without tlie wheels, and this simple contrivance was used by the good i)eople of Parrtown for the purposes of short travels. About the commencement of the present century, Edward Sands, merchant, who then carried on business on Water street, imported the first four-wheeled carriage ever brought into New Brunswick. It was I of i1 amol byt| road Ir trad^ Othe appl| effoi Grot! and ing are givii ture valm S112 THE MAKUFACTt.»£8 OE 8T. JOHN. lo;} production 1817, found being three le fatlier of business, number of g these wa." States anri l>I>ended to nderof,and xplained. of a notice 3t to intro- known as » ever, on a a the trade . In 18r)S ked in the re are im- ree exten- jlishments icems em- >f #50,000. up, and is not given ige roads rered the d saddles ler. Pan- carriage hwaj', an es which Is oa the iveyance and this lown for 1 Sands, mported ick. It was an English phaeton, and it may be safely inferred that the occasion of its appearance on the streets was one of no small commotion among the boys and girls of the i)eripd. This conveyance was drawn by two hoi'sos, for a mail stage between Kingston and St, John, that road being Uie first carriage drive out of the city. In 1820, one Peterson commenced to manufacture carriages as a trade, and was soon followed by Samuel Skinner,in Ridler's Alley. Other factories arose in time, but it was not until 1854 that steam was applied to the industry. This stroke of enterprise wag due to the etforts of Jeremiah Harrison, of Portland. Two years later, Messrs. Grothers, Price & Shaw, began to employ steam in their establishment, and since then the business has continued to flourish, every year find- ing an increased demand for can*iages of native manufacture. There are now 10 carriage and sleigh manufactories in the city and suburbs, giving employment to about 120 mechanics, Avith a yearly expejidi- ture for wages of over 843,580. Tlie raw material used is of tlie value of at least #40,000, and when manufactured amounts to over $112,000. Tlie capital invested is #60,000. COOPERAGE. Few, s^ve the old inliabitants, are aware that " Cooper's Alley," as the lower portion of Church street is still called, is the scene of the oper- ations of St. John's first cooper. This man was Andrew Smart, who lived and plied his adze during the early part of the city's history, and who made the tubs, pails and water casks for the hard working Loyalists and their hard working wives. Tlie industry is one which has had a fair increase, there being now 5 shops, emi^loying about 30 liands, who receive altogether nearly #4,500 in wages, and from about $3,000 worth of material produce between $10,000 and $11,000 worth of stock. A large number of men are engaged during tlie winter months in the manufacture of tish barrels. HARNESS MAKING. Jacob Roome, of St. James' street, manufactured harness, to a small extent, as far back as 1795, and was the pioneer of that industry in New Brunswick. It is now assuming good proportions, there being I) shops, employing about 03 workmen, who receive nearly #26,208 for annual wages. At least $50,000 wortli of raw material is used, and is lYiade to yield #133,364 worth of finished stock, whicli enjoys a wide reputation for excellence of manufacture. FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. lu 1831 Messrs. Harris & Allan established, in Portland, the firrt foundry erected in New Br«n8wick. Since then the business has in- creased to a remarkable extent. In St. John there are now ten 104 TIIK MAN'rF.VCTL'RI.S OF ST. JOHN. [in If I' 5 I't' foundries, besiden niachinf aJioiis. Tliese employ 4i(i liands ; pay Ht least 8175,000 in wages, consume about $ir>0,0(iO worth of raw material, and put al)out S'>(>fN<3(X) worth of mauufactured articles upon the market each year. Thei*e are about 'JO other foundries, etc., in otiier parts of the Province. The capital invested in St. John is .$4(»r>,000. The first importation of pig iron was made by Harris vS: Allan, and consisted of twenty tons, — a large tpiantity in those day?. From this lot was cast the first Franklin stove matle in New Brunswick, the order being given by !^^r. .rereniiah Gove. :Mr. Vanwart, of Long Reach, gave the first order for mill castings, these being some winged gudgeons. In 1830 Mr. Fleming constructed the first complete en- gine and boiler. A better idea of the progress and present extent of this important industry, may be obtained by a perusal of the bio- graphical sketches of the leading foundiymen. These are so suffi- ciently descriptive of the advances made during the past forty years, that it is unnecessary to go into further details in this subject. Railway carriage making, which was first undertaken by Mr. F. James, is now carried on by Messrs. Harris & Co. in connection with their foundiy. SAW Mii.r.s. As far back as 1791) two saw mills were built at the .\boideaux, at the Marsh. Th(^se were driven by water power, and were owned by Messrs. I lay ward and Simonds. The same parties soon after had another mill in operation near the place now known as Portland Bridge. After tlie introduction of steam and its application to other industries, Captain Otty built, at Straight Shore, the first steam saw mill in our Province At a later period this was used as a grist mill, but never paid its proprietors, on account of the ojipressive tax on cereals. The lumber trade is referred to in another portion of this work, and a proper idea of its extent is given in that article. Tlie mills of St. Jolm and its vicinity, which send forth a large portion of the lumber shipped frcm the Province;, are 27 in number, and, when in full oi>eration, employ about '-',225 hands. The depression of the lum- l>er trade has, therefore, a very marked efiect on the condition of all classes, as millmen are a class who, as a nUe, circiilate a large amount of money, and furnish a powerful impetus to retail trade of all kinds. When saw mills shut down, through a lack of activity in the lumber market, a large class of men are tlirown out of employment, and shop- keepers who deal in all save the absolute necessities of life feel a dullness which exists at no other time. This has, imhappily, been the case of late, and the consequences are already felt in all classes of THE MAXUFACTUWE9 OF ST. JOHX. ior> anda; jtay th of raw (1 articles rtrit'j*, etc., St. John iR Allan, and From this iwick, the , of Lonff le winded iplete f*n- of this the bio- ■ so siiflfi- rty years, ct. )y Mr. F. ■tion with deaux, at )wned by ifter had Portland to other earn saw fist mill, e tax on lis work, mills of I of the when in the lum- m of all amount I kinds, lumber ul shop- ? feel a been asses of society. In the city of St. .John ah)ne, $1,484,000 is invested in saw and planing mills, and $6.30,r>00 ai-e paid in annual wages. TANNKBIKS. Tanning is an old trade everywhere, and was carried on in St. John lis early as 1790, when we find the name of William Melick as the l>i,000, are made into leather, which brings over S l.'»0,000 j)er annum. The capital invested is $189,000. TAILORS AM) CLOTHIKHS. Nearly eight hundred men and women find employment in the manufacture of clothing in St. John City and County. Not more than fifty of these are under sixteen years of age, and the wages yf all amount yearly to nearly $150,000. Out of about $400,000 worth of cloth their busy hands produce nearly S700,tKX) worth of clothing of all kinds, and suitable for every rank and occupation. Two-thirds (if tlK'se are women. The capital invested is $3*Jr»,000. St. John's firat "fashionable tailor" made his bow to the public about the year 1800. Ilia name was ^lattheAV Partelow, and as every- thing was made to measure, without the modern haste, he, doubtless, was an individual of no inconsiderable magnitude in the estimation •f the townsfolk. Ready-made, or "slop" clothing, was introduced about 1820 by William Smith, who afterwards enjoyed the reward of liis enterprise in the title of "Ready-made Smith," bestowed on him hy the appreciative public. Ready-made clothing was afterwards imported to a very large extent, and it is only within a fbw year» that the home prcxluction has been nearly sufficient to exclude the. Knglish importation's, WOOl-LKN CLOTH JIAKINO is an industry wh; ^h has not flourished in St. John, and steam fac- tories are of con.paratively recent introduction. The latter was afterwards burned: and another factoiy, subsequently started near the ilarsh Bridge, was burned in June last. The Mispeck Woollen Mills are now idle. A large (piantity of woollen cloth is still \Voveu by hand in various parts of the country, but ctnnparatively little of it finds its way t<> the city. The manufacture of woollen is at present badly in need of capital and enteriirise to make it a success. COTTON FAroduoed is over S2.'iO,08 is conducted by six establishments, giving employment to about 70 male and female operatives. The manufacture of furs is allied with the above, aad within the past t\venty-fiv(? years has assumed a high degree of excellence. In hats,, caps and furs over S(K),000 worth of g«ods are annually produced in Saint John. W.VTdl MAKEHH AXD JKWKM.KHS. Alexander -Munro, who put up his sign as fiold and Silver Smith, ! . 179.'), shared with a Mr. Booth, who api>eared in 1791), the watch- mending and jewellerj' business of the early settlers. James Burns commenced in 18 lU, and in 1819 Mr. Hutchinson began the manufac- ture of eight-day clocks, nie cases of these clocks were made by resident cabinet makers. At a later date when the New Englanders itegan to make their renowned Yankee clocks, the manufacture in St. John received a check by the importation oi cheap time-pieces from across the border. Many excellent clocks made by Mr. Ilutcli- inson are still in existence and doing good se'-vice. Tlie establish- ment is still carried on by Mr. Geo. Hutchinson, jr. Fine jewellery, equalling any imported from abroad, is now manu-"^ factured at four different establishments in the city, which give em- jjloyment to a number of skilled artizans. Tlie jewellery and watch- making concerns are 21 in number and give employment to 42 hands. Over $20,000 is annually paid for wages, and about SiJt^OOO worth of articles are produced. The capital invested is $108,000. SOAP AND fAXDLKS. Asa Blakslee introduced the manufacture of soap and candles into St. John in 1785. The business has been carried on with success for laany years past, and little or no soap of the common kind is now imported. Five factories are in operation in St. John, and give em- ployment to 2.5 i)ersons. The value of the soap and candles produced annually is $07,000. The wages pait>, and i>ayinj,' S"20,(M.X) in yearly waj^es. oriiKii iN'nrsTitiKs. In addition to llie niannfactnre."* and industries enumerated in tiie precediiifif j)ages, tlie foll(»\ving additional statistic.** will be found of interest. Tlie establisbments below mentioned are situated in tlic city j>roper. No. I •> ?} 8 8 «> 1 V »> 1 (50 1 a 2 hi 7 a o f> 4 7 '> 2 10 1 2 I)i '_>,()( M) 40,(M3*/ 4,000 140,(XK) 5,(K)0 40,000 n-J5,0(H) S,(MX» '27,00* t ;io,tKX» 10,0(M) 2,0tK) 4r.,oof> 400,000 06,000 (.4,000 60,000 48,000 L'4,000 42,000 8,000 60,000 60,000 25,000 40,000 21.000 1320 20 20 80 72 13 .40 12 6 ,") 2 6(1 .f) 70 T\ 30 7.")0 13 24 100 6 17 ir. loO 70 ()0 210 (•>0 24 3.". 10 20 71 4r» 20 27 .S40.").000 0,000 0,000 .^6,000 14,0(50 (>,000 2:.,ooo 2,000 .'{,000 2,.-) 30,0(Ki 2,500 35,000 2,250 6,250 143,.520 2,600 11,080 1I,5(X) 40,0(K> 2,4(M> 2,60(.) 3,tHX» 70,0(»0 37,tX)0 28,100 60,CHX) 35,000 5,000 16,500 4,500 10,000 20,050 5,0(K) 5,(XX» 11,200 The foregoing gives a good idea of the manufactures and industries of Saint John at the present time. In nearly all branches the figures will be found ti oxceed those given by the census of 1871. Apart THE MAXirFACTniES OF ST. .lOIL.V. 109 from the fact that tilt' hitter i.^ not in all vcspoctH reliable, tht' manii- fat'tures of the city have made givat jn'ogress during; the pa.*t ffw yearn, ami in some instances have exceeded the most siin^iiine ex- pectations ot those immediately interested. At a meetin;; of the manufactuvers and mechanics of St. JoJiu, held in Janiiarj- last to consider the jn'oposed Reciprocity Treaty, Mr. "\V. K. Everitt, a promi- nent founder, gave some interesting statistics, which were the result of a careful incjniry liy a committee api)ointed for the piirixise. Mm ijave the total number of niannfactnrin,.')l3 ojxiratives, and paying $.'>,." 18..*»74 wages annually. lie stated that this amount haerly nurtureil would double its«df again in the next five years. He consitlered, from his obser\ations, that the .Maritime Provinces, if fairly treated, must o£ necessity becomt a great manufacturing centre, and it may be inferred from the relative position of St. John to other places that it must increase year l)y year in the number and valiu' of its industries. There is every reason to h(j])e for a fulfilment of Mr. Everitt's prediction. Much care has been taken to ensure accuracy in the preceding stat- istics, and though it has been a work of no little difficulty to obtain the correct figures in many branches of manufactures, it maybe .-afely assumed that those given are reliable. The statements first obtained were, so far as i>ossible, verified by subsequent obser\ation and care- ful enquiry. This has involved a large amount of labor on the imrt of those engaged in the work ; but they are under obligations to many manufacturers and others who willingly assisted them by giving such information as was in their i)ower. Perfect accuracy in any work of this kind is impossible, and in many cases only an aj^ lU'oximationcan be givpn. Where this has been unavoidable the j»nl>- lisher has endeavoretl to have such approximation so connect, that a> much reliance can be placed upon it as can usually be placed u|>on jjositive statistics which the compilers of other works profess to l>e indisputable. In some cases, where a large number of the' industries are situated around Saint John, but outside of the actual limits of the city, the figures given represent the industries of the County. These inchule the saw mills and some others, which will be readily known with- out explanation. As a rule, however, the figures apply only to the city l)roi>jBr and Portland. The historical sketch of many of the industries has been obtained after a diligent enquiry from various sources, and contains information never before published. It will, doubtless, prove of interest to manj-, and will be nn Interesting reminder of the days of Auld Lang Syne. fit M i no THE >UNUF.VCTUHi:S OF ST. JOHN. S.\ FES. Kire And burglar-proof safes, oi" a very superiDr description, are now Hianufactured in St. .)t)lin. The hiit^ineHtj was unknown here twenty years aj?o, hut the artii.-les which have been tunied out during the past few years liave ah'eady acquired an excellent reputation wherever thoy liave been tested. They are fully equal to any of th» best imported ones, and have triumphantly undergone soane crucial tests. As a consequence, the peojde of the Provinces order the safes from the St. John makers, and have every reason to be satisfied with the Jesuit. The two factories now iii operation employ 27 men, who receive $ ll,2r>0 in yearly wages. The value of the safes manufactured aiuuially is about S . The capital invested ia S22,5<.K». The limestone formation around the city of St. John and the excel- lent (piality of the lime produced therefrom, c-auses this branch of in- dustry to be engaged in to a considerable extent. The early settlers started the first kiln at Pleasant Point, opposite Indiantown. There are now some ir> kilns in the City and County, which give employ- ment to between 60 and 70 men, and produce over ^37,00Ion<^3 the ]>ionoer8hii» of the maniifnctuit' of Ixiots and shoes by macliiivry in St. John. He .set up a .small estah- lishmeiit in Kinpt street in 18(»0, lii.x nuiehincs beinjj operated by Foot jtower. He soM out in ISfW to .lames KoI)in!.\l()0 feet, and four stories in height. They occupy one-half of the tirst iloor for ware-room and counting-room, and the rear portion of tlie other half is occupied for an engine- room, and the whole of the second and third flats, in which on an average about one hundred niul fifty male and female operatives are employed. All tlie work usually done by machinery is })erformed by the best .Vmeriean inventions in which so much skill has been exhibited in adapting means to ends. Tlie motive power is furnished by one of Fleming's engines of twenty-tlve horse-power, and the whole building vibrates witli the tremor of the works, as they are handled by the busy sons of Cris])in. The occupancy of this spaciou* building was signalized by a great enlargement of their business and the introduction of more machinery — all operated by steam-poAN er. They manufacture one hiindrtnl and scventy-tive different styles of boots and shoes, from the fancy infant shoe up through the various lines of youths', ladies', gentlemen's wear, in ca ery variety of finish, to the heavy lumberman's and fisherman's boots, and average froju three to four thousand i)a1rs i)er week of the various kind*.ot nianu- ture, comprising jjegged, cable-wived, sewed and turned work. Their jiroduction equals any similar goods made in the Dominion, and has a large sale in the Maritime l'ro^ inces and Newfoundland, and largely supi)lies the city retail tmde. They are also agents for and dealers in rubl)ers and overshoes, manufactured in the U])per I'ro\ inces, and in iarrigans manufactured in New Brunswick, Instead of forwarding their ^'oods in boxes common to the shoe trade, they use the cheaper (jualities of travelling trunks, which are turned into their customers at nianufjuturer**' prices, thus saving the waste in boxes. This manufactory is tlie oldest and most extensive in the Province, and in its gi'eat variety and excellence of ]n'oduction occupies a prominent i)lace among the industries of St. John. i 112 ST. .lonN iNU ITS nusiM:ss. KHt»bUHh»'«l 1M.J0. i' THOMAS RANKINE & SONS, Biscuit Manufacturers, Nos. 10, 12 & 14 Mill Street. Thomas Rankmni:, the fitiiinlin* of lliis i-xtensive Bakery, wat* born in Kincardine, Scotlund, in IH();( He leanuMl his trade by a four yoarw' aiiprcnticesliip with .John ividston, in Stirling, from 1818 to 18:*:J, receiving only his food and lodginjj;, without clothing, from his master during his aiiprenticoship. lie immediately came to this city anout two years with Kdmund Kirk, baker in Cooper's Alley, now Church Street, at .T<> shillings per month with beil and board. His robust strength was shown while here in shouldering a barrel of tUmr at Peters' Wharf, caiTying it through a passage-way, near Jardine Sc Co.'s store, to Prince William street and to his shop in Coi>[)er's .Vlley. About 1824 he, with Mr. IJerryman, bought out Kirk and carried on the business, under the style of Rankine &: Berryman, about two years, when he left and leased Merritt's bake house in Union street, which he occupied a sliort lime till his premises' in ^fill street were ready for occupancy, into which he moved in 182G. These premises, in common with the whole city, were of wood, and were swept away in a great tire in ]84l>. He rebuilt of brick the same year, and afterwards en- larged the same by jtutting on an additional story, anil in 1874 the present tirm extended the premises in the rear through to George* street. Mr, Rankine continued ahme in business till 1871, when he associated with him his sons, Thomas A. and Alexnndei-, who had been bred to the business on the premises, imder the style of Thomas Rankine &: Sons. Up to 1844 all the work in the factory was performed by the slow hand process, and since then the various machinery and im- provements for the prosecution of the trade have from time to time been introduced. The apparatus or the establishment now consiTsts of a furnace-heating oven, one of Titus' N. Y. patents— a travelling oven brought from Carlisle, Kngland, and afterwards recon- structed, and one of Vicar's travelling oAcns imported from Liver- pool, each 40 feet long; three mixing machines, one holding live ban-els of flour — two of them Scotch make' and one American screw ; ST. .TuirN AM) ITS ItrSINKSS. IM four roll iiij; or knt'adiu;? nitU'liiiicH ; oik; hnikf ; oiif Kd^ILhIi Iti.sciiit nilting mill piinniii;^ niiii'hiiie, miil out- Nt'w York ciiitiii^; mudiiin'. liavin;^' "ii all '2(\ diftVi'dit styles of (-iitttTs ; tlirt'i; mills for ;4riii(litij^ Hii^ar, aliiioiuls and uninioiiia. The works ur»« drivfii by a -0 liorsf- |»o\\t'r .st»'ain »'ii;^iiio hikI fiuitlny ovt'V 'l<> men ami lioys in tlic sfivernl hraiic.lu'S. This iimnt'iisi) »'stablisliment, tin- larj^i'st in thi; Domiiiioii, lia*l a bi'Kiiiniii;^ so Iiiiiublc that sincf l)^i'<'> Mr. Uankiiio has carrietl tlu' products of liis bakery in a l)ask«!t on his slioiddcrs to ('arlcton and lifddlcd to his customers, sometim«'s assisted by a man helping to rarry another basket la-tween them and blowing a coneh sludl to eall the ferryman. The present extent of their business is that last year nearly 10,(XH) boxes containing; nearly l<>U,»HK) feet of lumber, and fiver .'»alviii;^ l>iii8 tlify lu-gHn biisini'ss for tlionidt'lvt'8 at (luMen (Jrove, witli oiu' ovon, lianlin^ their tloiir opt from St. .lolin and tiicir breail in, a (li«tt«nc»> (tf wvt'ii or I'ij^lit milt'.-., and 8oon h**'"*^<1 >**> large a sliar*' of tlie ]Mil)lic patrona;;^ that they wi-ri' nnable to .sui)i>Iy the ' continued the business \mtil the i)resent, another oven liaving been built since the opening, making five. The Charlotte street building is used for the storage of Hour, its two ovens being kept in reserve for the supplying of any extraordinary demand for bivad. The Messrs. Shaw, who did all the work themselves when they tir.st began business, now regularly employ from sixteen to eighteen hands, and pay an average of $1'2'} a week in wages. The capacity of their ovens is about nine thousand loaves i)er day. Jiast year tliey tunied out fourteen thousand barrels of flour into bread. Two teams are kepi employed in delivering the loaves to city customers, and the trains east and west, and the river steamers, carry them to customers at R'lthesay, Sussex, Moncton, Sackville, Shediac, JkfcAdam, St. Croix. Grand Lake, Gagetown, etc., and even to some Nova Scotia towns, so that "Shaw's bread" is a household phrase in nearly every considerable village and town of New Brunswick. The high re])u- tation gained by this bread is due to the fact that its makers have made this branch of the baking business a specialty, having given all their attention to it and carefully superintending in ])erson all tlu' processes of manufacture. They select and import all their flour by the cai'go, thus getting it at the very lowest rates, chiefly using flour from Virginia and Minnesota wheat. They have f oimd that a mixtun- of different kinds of flour produces better bread than can be made of either kind alone, and always mix the different brands they use. Thv business is still increasing, and the establishment will probably ha\ c to be again enlarged at no distant day. i MT. .lOMV A XI) ITS lirSINEtS. Hi's A. CHRISTIE & Co., / Builders and Manufacturers, DOORS, BLINDS, SASHES, MOULDINGS, &.O., No. 5 Waterloo Street. Tin^ ('iitt'r|»risiiiLj llrni of the niHtttov-hiiiMcrs of St. .loliii wa^t [(•rnit-i ill ISCi.'l. Tlic M-iiior nuMubor, Mr. .Mf\rti! cariM'jitor'M trade with .loliji Wilson, lie tln-ti worked as journoynian and foi* liininclf for s.nf-ral yi'ar*». .lolm Kfi;,'iiN>n, junior nu'mht-r, i.-* a natiw of St. .It)hn, and Icnvnt-d tlu' trade with J. Mnnvi.e, and worked a-i joiirneynmn till tlu; lirni wa.x formed. They at once obtained on leas»e their extennive premises, extending i>!U' hundred and twenty-fivf feet on Waterloo street and one I)undre(l feet on IVlers street; Hwh-h'asint^ a portion of the Waterloo street front to Levi 11. Youn^. Tiwy al.so leased a larcff' Itrick h.iildin^' in the rear, formerly used as a tannery. Xa their business has j^rown, and more room has licen required for additional nuiehinrry, they have madt' rnlar<;ements, and hiive just added another story to their front factory. An insprctiou still shows that they Iiiek for room for their exten<[ed and busy operations. Tiie faeiliti(\s of tliis establishment eoufjist of the very best nu«ehine8 of American mtinufaeture amonj^ which are Woodbury's IManer and Matcht>r; (iray i*t Woods' Dimension I'laner; Hall's Kxeelsior IManer and Matcher: tlirce larjje Mouldin*; nuichiiies-one cutting a ten inch moulding; Shaping Machine: Srt.sli Machine; seven Ctrciilar and two ,lig Saws; three loathes, two for wood and one for iron, and otht-r smaller niachiufry, — the whole dri\en l»y one of i'leming it Sons' engines of thirty liorse-i)ower. Jn the Moulding line they make and keei) in stock of i»ine, ash and blitck walnut, nearly two hundred Aarieties of patterns for their own use and to supply the market. They have a paint shop in connection with their works, in which they paint and glaze their sash, and i>aint blinds. The manufacture of Venetian Blinds is a sjjecialty. and is carried on very extwisively. Outsidf of the city their manufactures ■♦ire in demand through the Lower Provinces. They have the facilities and are fully competent for the execution of the largest contracts which are likely to occur, and within the past five years have done the carpentering of the Victoria Hotel, built the Academy of- Jfusic, of which they had the whole contract, as well aa. the large and elegant school-house in Portland, which they recently completed. They have also the contract for the la^^'e wooden school- house fo be erected in Carleton. They also remodeled the Sheffield House and Armstrong's store on Prince William street. They emi)loy about seventy men on the average, largely composed of tirst-class workmen, who have made for tlipm, in combination with their own enterprise and. skill, a high and commanding reputation as master- builders of St. John. r 10 ST. JOUX A.NJ) ITS UrSINESS. C. E. BURNHAM & Co., Furniture Manufacturers and Dealers, 55 and 57 Germain Street. Mu. IJuiiMiAM Ix'f^nii 'ui.'^int^s.s in Jlay, 18.').",, witli Tlioi-. llutchir.;;-, under the style of llutcliings i^- Buvnham, in a sliop in tienuain street. After two years they nidved to i)reniises on tlie iiortli .side of Suiitir,« Alley ; reniainod tliere about three years ; then occupied a .sliop on t!ic •south side of Smith's Alley two years, when they got u lease of tki- building on tlie corner of Smith's Alley and Germain ^treet, v.-herc llic business is now conductt'd. Aljout that time Mr. lliitclungs withdrew from the firm, and !Mr. Burnham can-led the business on in liis 0, they wer- again in his employ. Mr. Harrison then changed his business. Messrs. Price and Slmw. with two other partners, who remained with them about three years, l)urchasing his gi'ound lease and the renmants of the machinery, an erecting another factory on the same site. They continued to dd an increasing business till 18()l, when the establishment was again entirely destroyed, involving the veiy heavy loss of about Si'J.'i.CHiO. ui)on which they were forttmate enough lo haye about Sl(t,(X)ii insurance. With unabated courage they immediately erected the pre>'('ii; ]>remises, and have from that time to the present done a larg» aiiii thriving business. Their main buildings are eighty feet front ainl two and a half stories in heiglit, running back in two wings of oiir hundred and ten and one hundred and twenty-two feet, and with storage shads beyond. The departments are thoroughly organized for their respective work, and/ equipped with all the most improved modern machinen The large blacksmith shop runs nine firet., and the wood-work, trim- ming, paint and varnish shop and warerooms are well arranged. Tlie machinery is operated by a steam engine, the buildings are steam- heated, and on an average about fifty hands are employed. Among the carriages here manufactured are Coupes. Landau?. Clarences, Phtetons, Family Carriages, Top Buggies, Coaches of all kinds, Furniture and Truck Wagons, Slovens, Sleighs, I'L'C. Coaches, Onmibuses, Hearses, and every description of vehicle are made t« order. They find tlieir market in the city, and throughout New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and i'rince Edward Island, and have sent their carriages to England. They manufacture from the best selectei and prei>ared woods, and with the most experienced and skilful workmen, and their coutrii)utions at various Provincial and local fairs have always received first premiums. The establishment is-tli largest and about the oldest of its kind in New Brunswick. Its work is lirst-clajss in every respect, an ses connectt"! l)atronage i; e of repairing all knub oi ST. JOn>' AND ITS liUSINESS. 121 NEW BRUNSWICK COTTON MILL, WILLIJjY 'PA^RKS &- SOJV, Near Intercolonial Railway Station. VVti.i-iAM I'AJtKs, lilt; founder of this industry, and tiio pronniter of fi. Jo'.Hi's interests, was born in the north of Ireland in 18(10. lie c;'iue over here in ISi'i* with a stock, mostly of linen, Avitli which he V.T..S fi'niiliar, and was wrecked on Sable island, losing ([uite heavily. lie went into the grocery and shipping business at first, and subse- (ji!"iitly into dry goods with his brother-in-law, .Tohn llegan, Es(i. This jtartnership was dissolved in 184(), when lie associated with him l;is son, Samuel I'uvks, under tho style of AVilliani Tarks i^t Son. Fiuuuel died in 18(».". William Parks, having some business connected wiili his shipping interest to transact in Kngland, set out on the ill-fated steamer C'ili/ (if liofton in 1870, which ves,-:el was never jieard from. In him St. Jd'.in met a heavy loss. He was active in all movements to advance its prosperity: Avas for seven years President of the (Jonimercial Bank : President of the Western Extension Railway C(nnpany from il,'< organization to its compleiion to^JIcAdam'and up to his death. Ill 18()l, Mv. Parks, wlio had for some time entertained the project iif nianufactiu'ing cotton goods here, and made it a subject of careful >tiidy, entered uj)on the enterprise, being at this time joined by his >econd son, John 11. Parks, Esq., who, as a professional civil engineer, lidd for several years previous been in the service of the Intercolonial Railway Com[)any. The latter is now sole proprietor uf the works, liiit still maintaining the former tirm style. A brick mill, 110x.">ti feet, and three .'tories in height, Avas at tnice erected, and the requisite machinery was selected in J-higland by the present proprietor for the manufacture of the ordinary cotton grey cloth, to Avhich they confined their operatio)i> for a year or two. Twenty-four looms were first set up, the number being soon increased tofifty-two. The cottim yarn was at that time all imported, being used in the country districts only, where, compared with home-raised W(K.M, it is almost universally used for ordinary (dotliing, and the most serviceable that can be made. With tile American war, cotton fuecame so dear that manufacturers itlu'oad Avere forced to use the cheapest qualities, and the cotton yarn they produced became so inferior and unsatisfactory that Messrs. Parks tX: Son decided to enter upon the manufacture of a good article, in whose I'rodiiction they used the best American cotton, improved 122 ST. .JOHN' AXl) TTS BUSINESS. I inacliinery and skilful work]>eiJi>le. Their .success exceeded their exi)ectations, luul they were fvble to j)ut their yarn ujjon the market at but a slipfht advance over the inferior English article. When the Confederation took place, they found their goods so much in demand that they devoted all their attention and machinery to the production of yarn, Avhich .*. He liere worked witli James Wood, a blacksmith and nmcliini.-t at I'ortland Bridge. He then went into partnershij) with Janus Harris, and set np what is now the New Brunswick Foundry in ISl'S. continuing: with ^Fr. Harris till his death in 18()0. Thi.** was the first foundry of any note in the Province. Thomas CJ. Allan learned the machinist's trade with Harris tfc Allan, perfecting it in Philadelphia. He then came to Fredericton, where lie set up a foundry and machine shop with a partner, continuing till .1801, wlien he ^:old to his brother, Harris Allan, who afterwards sold and now carri(-s on a brass foundry in St. .lohn. RoI)ert R. Allan learned th^ lra(i, on wliieh there was S'sO(X3 insurance. The enterprise of the firm was ecpial to tlu* emergency, and in six weeks they were casting again in a teni])orary building, and imme- diately commenced to buihl up the entire eslalilishment with brick, which they completed in the fall of 1871. They occupied buildings temporarily wliile the work was in progress. Tile buildings consist of moidding shop of one st(n\v, 1 1.'ix.'wJ feet : uiachine siiop of two stories, or-.viKJ feet : blacksmith shoj), large two frame buildings occuiiied for storage of patterns and castings, the whole works being bounded by Union, (luilford ami Duke strl'et^^. and being admirably arranged i'ov business. The machine shop is fully e(]uipi)ed Avith new and most approved , machinery — .seven bathes, two planers, three drilling, one slotting, one niilUnn' and one screw cutting machines. TIio pattern and wood- work shop is provided with aniiile machinery. The blacksmith shoji has four forges and a steam hammer — the whole operated by a thirty- live lior.se-power steam engine, and an average t, Carleton. lohn. re of Scotland, to St. Joliii ill I and inacliini.st \]> with Janit's )un(lry in LSl'S. i.*< was the first llarvia iV: AUan, lericton, wliei-i- continuinfif till ftorwai'ils Sdhl nhert R. Allnii arris iS: Allan's myiiig out tin; i])iex')ti feet: lo]), hxrge two castings, the Duke strt'cts. lo.st approved one slotting. rn and wt)od- cksniith sho]i I Iiy a thirty- ty-three men. liip work, and .\. Railroad, street stort ios.«, and pay stock every- 1 enteri)rising uaintains the SAINT JOHN FOUNDRY, WILLUM E. EVEfPJrr, = = = (Prcf^rictcr, Oflace, Works and Warerooms, 130-140 Brussels St. Tor the foundation (if this estahlishnient we look back a half a century to Mr. Robert Foulis, the first nielter of iron in St. John, who, in 18:.'r>, commenced iron-works on a small scale at the corner of rrince William and Duke streets, adjoining what is now the Custom JIi>u.«e. ,Mr. Thouios C. Kveritt, who was in mercantile business in Frederic- ton, where he accumulated s onu' proi)erty, purchased (uit Jfr. Fouli.-* and moved to St. John in IS."."*, gretitly enlarged the works, .'.nd rt.ssociated with him ^Icssrs. Camber and Wood in the Foundiy and ^Machinist business. They also carried on an extensive milling busii.ess, running gri.«t and saw mills at tlie Falls, which wer(> opei -tvd by ijde pov/er. Mr. Everitt bought out his i)artners in LSto, aiid carried on the business alone till his is three stories, and fylly e(iuii>ped with all the necessarj- machinery for its work, driven by a vertical engine built at the works, the large nu>ulding shop has two cupola furnaces nf fifteen tons capacity, and all tiie mo Pictoii, wlience, after working a .siiovt time, he came to St. Jolin in 18.".2, and entered tlie inacliin" siiop of ilessrs. Harris & Allan. Here lie remained ahout a year, after wliich lie worked in Boston and B=iltimore, and then in the l'c;uibroke Iron Works in Maine ; after wliich, comiiijji ajiain to this city, he entered the foundry of Robert Foulis, then situated on the south-west corner of Prince William and Uake streets, where he worked in the winter of 1834. Early in 18.T), he formed a jtartnership with Thomas Barlow, a car- penter by traae, and .John Stewart, an iron-moulder, under the frui of Thomas B>irlow vt Co., and }»reparations were made, by the manu- facture of tools, for the establisiuiit'iit of the present Phwnix Foundrj', the buildings of which were erected th.at year. These were on a limited scale and were of wood, consistinj; of a casting or moulding .shop, and of blacksmith and mucliine s'lop. The steam engine of the establis'ament was built by this tirni and was the first ever built in New Brunswick. Air. Stewart left the firm in 1847, and ilr. Barlow in 1849, wdien Tliomas Humbert, who had been a clerk for some years in the pre- vious firm, bought out Mr. Barlow's interest, and the firm became Fleming & Humbert. This co-partnership was dissolved in 1868, and Mr. Fleming con'.inued the business alone until 1870, when he associated with him his sons, William and James Fleming, under the style of George Fleming i<: Sons. William has been in the establish- ment 21 years, having served through the machine shop and acted as draughtsman. He now attends to its outside amF financial matters. James has also had long experience in the works, of which he has the jn-actical supervision. Between 18.'»0antl 18r>4, great improvements and enlargements were made on the i)remises. The casting sliop was greatly enlarged, and nif rHO;N'lX FtUNIJRY. J 1^7 5iH till' ntlier principal won.leii hiiiMinijs takt'a d )'.vn and more nnii)le anil convenient erect ionti uf brick 8ub«titii*iil. Tiles'^ buiIilinj;M make nearly a (iiiatlran;j;lc, ]ia\ in:; hIjuu* -<•'> fc •: frmit anil cxtcniliiii; ciwisiderably further rear, with inagnitic-fUt ffroumli* ailjoiniiirf th.eni, \-c. Tlie machine shop is al)out 2(M) I»y 40 feet, and its machinery con- t^itits of three lar<;e lathes. One of tlies- luis a capacity for tiirnin;^ H diameter of nine feet and I)orin,i? a cyliniler twelve f^'et loncj, aiiil another is capable of turuiu'^' a sluift tweiity-isix feft in len^'tli. Tiiere are also five smaller latheti of various sixes, adapted to their work, and three vertical:* for diillini;. Tlie iipjter sho;) has two i»Irtnes, three lathes, one gear cutting, one .sluliing. mid o;ie universal shaping machine and two verticils for drilling, bolt cutters, emery wheels, iVc, The moulding and casting sliop is about SO feet s-piare, having two cupola furnaces, one of eleven tons capacity, Tue largest casting has been about ten tons. T:ie blacksmith shop is amply fitted n\>, and has a steam hainnier. T!ie pattern shop Iims all the usual facili- ties for sawing atid turning. Tiie boiler shop i.s supplied with power- ful machines, antl pi;oduces boilers of all kinds, tanks, gascnneters, fee. The motive power for the works is a beam engine of thirty horse power, worked at higii or low i»res«i;re at will. As indicated by the nature of the machinery, this establislinient has been largely employed in building marine and stationary engims. The first low pressure marine engine ever built in this city, was from tliejye works for the Carleton ferry boat, and nearly all the marine engines built in this city, aii of all l)i;ilt in the I'rovince, have been done here— among them the engines of the Km- peror, Empress, David Weston, Rothsay, May t^ieen, etc., and a large number of large mill engines. They have also turned out a great deftl of lieavj- work for the City Water Works, consisting of branch ])ipes and water gates of all sizes, from three to twenty-four inches in diameter. They have also built a nunii»er of first-class locomotives for the Intercolonial and Western Extension raihviiys, ajid more recently they have executed a large amount of mining macliinery, and turned out some very heavy work for the Cold IJrook l^oUing Mill. They also do all the brass castings connected with their line of v/ork, and their extensive lofts and other ])hices of storage, filled with ;i almost infinite vai'iety of patterns, of all sizes and descriptions, besides quantities which have been purposidy destroyed, give an idea of the vast amount of work which the establishment has performed and is capable of repeating. The establishment, now forty years old, is well known throughout New Brimswick and in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island for its productions, and is one of the most solid industries of the city, giving employment to about one hundred and twenty-five hands. Mr. Oeorge Fleming, still in good health, enjoys the music of his indus- trious workshop, founded and built up by his skill, application and enterprise, and now so well managed by his sons, wlumi he has educa- ted in it to be masters of the business. / I i i 128 ST. .TOHN AM) ITS UUSINESS, ^ New -B R u N s w I c K Fo u N DRY JAMES HARRIS & CO., (Offuk AM) Works, Ni:.\ii I. V. Railway Siation.) ,)_^ — Mil. .Iamks IlAwms was iiorn in Annapolis, N. S., in 180.1. lie couiniencecl tlie lilacksinitli U'luU'. tln'i-tmnd came here and tinishod it, also beconnnf:f an edge-toul maker with James "Wood. He then, witli Thomas Allan, a macliinist, set up business under tlie firm of Harris (fc Allan, in the line of these several trades, in which they were very successful and oI»taine,000. The buildings were soon replaced by others. The present works comprise two large foundries, eaivs of trucks for platform and box cars, and 200 coal cars complete. This job was commenced last December and is to be completed on June l.')th, when the gauge of the 1. C. Railway is to be narrowed. In this work .'(OO tons of wrought iron will be used in axles, l.WO tons cast iron in trucks, and KKXJ tons in the other work, exclusive of axles and trucks. The contract price is iS.OOO.OOO. The capacity of the works may l>e inferred from this job, which is now progressing to the acceptance of the Government. All the work, except the springs, is done at this establishment. From 200 to 300 men are employed. The establishment has a large store in the city, 17 Water Street, for the sale of stoves and various other productions of the works. Mr. Allan died in 18G0, his interest being purchased by the surviv- ing partner, who, though rising 70 years, is still active in the business huilt up by his skill, energy and perseverance. Few can produce a more honorable record of useful enterprise. i^ I n : 130 HT. JOdN AND ITS JiL'81NE88. WALES & GREEN, -jBTi jfiL.& & F o xj isr X> E I^ s , Portland Bridge— Mill Street. James Walks, a iintivf cf Scollnml, liii\iii>» Ifiirnod (in«l followed liiit trade an iron foiindfr in (ilas«go\v, came over to this coimtr)* to work for Mei^srs. JLarriH »^- Allan in tlieir foundry lien- about ISft;;, and continiu'd in tlioir employ for twenty years, ^'liile in tlinir establiflinient lie pave consid»'ra!tle attention to brass founding, and cast tlk! first set of ruddt'r-l)riices in St. John. In li^o.l he set up a \ery Imnilde shop in Paradise Kow, I'ortland. Avhere he continued till 1807, when he retired in favor of his son Junies, one of the present proprietors, who had learned the trade and served nuiny years with him. Mr. Wales, senior, died January 1st, 187*5. James carried on thb Itusiness in the same place till 1871, when he associated with Mr. Jured K. Green, a native of Liverpool, Kngland, cominfj to St. John in 18.38, who also had been a worker in iron and brass in Harris vV: Allan's foundry and in the States. in the spring of 187.Tthey bought the lease and the premises thereon on Torlland Bridge, formerly occupied by Harris & Allan, and had but got well organized when in the following January, 1874, tlif prr-mises were totally destroyed by tire, with steam-engine, machinery and patterns. Their loss wju* S8,(XX), Avith only S'{,tHX) insiirancf, Tl;ey then moved back into the old (juarters in Paradise Kow till they rebuilt on a much larger scale, of three stories. They got into it the following A])ril, but in less than a year— in March' last — firr again visited them, destroying the ui)per portion of the building, with tools and machinery, entailing a net loss of about S3,(X)(), and coni- ]»elling them again to take refuge in the original shop in Paradist- Kow while reconstructing their premises. They nu\nufactui>; :?\] descriptions of work usually executed in tlieir linp, and deal in i any of the standard articles, such as Kuddtr Braces, Butt Bolts, Cliueh Rings, Mill and Car Bushes and Hinges, and fill orders for Mjiirch and Ship Bells and every kmtl of finished Brass work. In tiio line of ship work they do more than any other brass foundry in the city, leading all others last year in the aggre- gate of their work. In Car Bushes they fill large' contracts for tlu' Intercolonial and River du Jjoup railways. The jmiior member is also an excellent pattern-maker, and with the experience of both members of the firm and their assistants, first-class work is warrantetl in every instance. It is not often that young men meet with so frecpient and severe rebuffs in their enterprise. That they overcome them and go so courageously forward exhibits a spirit of enduraiice and i)erseverance which ciumot fail of winning a high and well- deserved success. 8T. ,U}Us \M> ITS i;i:8ini;hh. i:u ADAM YOUNG, hon Founder and Tin-Plate Worker, 28, 30 and 32 Water Streat, St. John, N. B. Tins fstalilirtlimont wan fomuled l»y the late KI)i'nez»T Stepln'ii, a native of Alieivlceii, St-otlimil, nI)out the year 18.".o, ami i-arri.Ml oii by liini until 18.'7, whi'ii Mr. Vmijh^', n\»o a native » f iScotliiinl, became \\i* \>\\<\)v\o\,n', anil ciin.-iili'rably ext»-n It-il tlie Iiti^iness Ijy biilMin)^ an Jroii Foundry in aiMitiuii ti. bi> Tin-IMatf au'l Sliret li'nn Works. Tile Iron Foundry Im f»it anted in Clarendon street, Portland, and !> kn )\vn as the Clarendon Foinidry. It is* devoted to the manufacture o'' Stoves, T{e;,'ister (Jrates, etc, of wliieh it turnt" out a Inr^e niiriht r annually. Xo manufacturer lins been more fuect'^fifu! than Mr. Youn^ in l)rof varioim kind.s; I{f>j,'ister (irates '-f many slylfs and iiatterns; and nnnnroiiH articles of Tinware, have been •vwanUd First Frizes at all the Fairt* (incladin;:; the Provincial Triennial Exhilutions) at whioli they have been exhibited. They have been endorsed no less heartily by the general i)ublic, as is shown I)y the steadily increasing demand for them from city and country Iniyers. The Water street premises are conveniently situated for city trade, and are so near the wharves that buyers who come by vessel can be aerved nowhere else with so little trouble to themselves. The landing of the IlarbcH' Ferry (which connects with the Consolidated Kurojicaii and North American Railway) is but two or three doors distant, and customers from Carleton, McAdam, Fredericton, etc., can get their wants sui)plied more expeditiously at Mr. Young's estal)li&hnient than tliey can elsewhere, as they lose no time in reaching it and in transporting their purchases to the Ferry. This is an advantage of which people with considerable business to do in a veiy short time are not slow^ to avail themselves. The warerooms are Lung with iron and tin iiousehold articles too numerous to mention, dis^dayed to such good advantage that cus- tomers can readily see what they require, and the Hoors are covered (wirh the exception of nec«^ssary space for the convenience of clerks uud inspectors of the goods) witji stoves, etc. ^Ir. Young has recently still further increased his facilities for business, and for affording the pul)lic a good opportunitv for ins])ect- ing his wai'es, by opening Sample Koouis in the Dcthf Globe Building, 8') Prince AVilliam street, wliere he has undoubtedly the finest assort- ment of Italian and Penrhyn Marble JIantle Pieces, Register (Irates.. Cooking Ranges, Stoves, etc., to be seen in the Lower Provinees. 132 ST. JOHX AND ITS BUSINESS. MASSON & ROBB, Charlotte Street. M«. John Masson is a native of Morayjihire, Scotland. He f?evvoil an apprenticeship to Saddle and Harness ifakingwitli an inicle in the County town, KIgin, and then spent nearly live years in London perfecting liiniself in the several brandies of his business, most of Avhicli time lie was in the employ of "Whippy it Co., the celebrated saddle makers. He worked a year in Edinburgh with Fulton, and was Manager for Pollock, Glasgow, for five years thereafter. As !Mr. Pollock did not possess a practical knowledge of the business, the directing of all the work, the selecting of stock, etc., devolved on the Jlanager, and his ex[)erience tlu-re has enable8, succeeding Mr. llorton. He had a partner at first, and then ran the business alone until about two years ago, when he took his foreman, Mr. William Robb, into ,iartnership. ilr. Robb is a native of the same place as Mr. ^lasson, served his apprenticeship with him, worked for him in (ilasgow, and came here to act as his foreman on his commencing tmsiness in this city. His skill as a workman led ilr. ifasson to select hiui as his assistant in Glasgow, and as his foreman here, and liis mechanical abilities have largely contributed to the building up ^)f the firm's high reputation. When Mr. ilasson came here our manufacturers vied witAi each other in producieg low-priced articles, and he determined, instead of entering into such competition, to turn out better work than others — work which would prove cheapest in the end for the buyer. He often had to sell ..t a sacrifice in order to introduce his manufactures, and it was a long time before his efforts were rewarded with success. lie started wit':, the resolve to establish a first-class business, has .never misrepresented the quality of his goods, and his name is a guarantee fo." the character of the articles made by his firm. Masson & Robb's work is classed by judges as much superior to what is generally produced in this country, and they never undertake what they cannot do well, Xow tliat our horsemen are demanding every appliance that will assist in developing speed, the varied knowledge of this firm comes in verj' oppoitunely. Their reputation stands high in the neighboring Provinces and border States, wh«re their productions are to be found in nearly every stable. )LErRS, He served iicle in tln! in London s, n»{»st of celebraU'd ulton, and r. As Mr. siness, the ved on tlie ceed here, mtry, Mr. B returned eding ^Ir. iiess alone r. William i place as :)r him in nuiencing fasson to lere, and ilding up irti each istead of others — He often ures, and success, less, has ime is a JIassoB what is ke what g every awledge stands |i'e their ST. .TOHN AXn ITS RUSIXESS. 13M ABRAMS BROTHERS, MACHINISTS AMCb MAJ^UFJXrU^RFJ2S, Lawton's Building, - - - Georges Street. This firm is comprised of John and Benjamin Ahrams. Tliey are both natives of St. .John. The senior member of the firm, as an indentured apprentice for five years, learned the saw-making trade with J. F. Lawton, and the junior member learned the machinist's trade in the celebrated Amoskeag Works at Manchester, New Hamp- shire, and received a first-class certificate upon leaving that estab- lishment. Shortly after acipiiring their trades they started in business together in thn above mentioned premises, -whicli, with steam-[Kiwer, they hired • (f Mr. Lawton. Their line of work is as general Machinists and manufacturers of several machines which are already standard articles or destined to become so. They manufacture two kinds of Shingle machines — one of which is the Drake machine, which occupies a position at the head of its class and is in general use throughout the Dominion — the other is a new machine, just introduced into the market, and designed for working waste stock, such as deal ends, etc., into shingles. It is believed this machine will be a decided success in its special line of v^ork. They also manufacture the Patent Self-Oiling Arbour, which, besides the advantage indicated by its name, has other points of sai>eriority over others. Of t' .3 they make twelve diiTerent sizes. The Cam-Power Saw-Set. an American invention of 1874, of which they have the right to vuanufacture and sell in the Dominion, is also among their spcijiii-' :. This is an article designed to fill a very importani jibice vx laill work, and it is confidently expected that it will come ii^'c \eiiy geneml use. Burr, Ijever rn;' Bcrew (Tiimmers, Wood Sf» and Frames, are among the sma'.lev articles which they manufa<;tu , and only repre- sent many other, to which they will extend their operations. They also nianufactiii't Emery Grinders for sliarpening mill saws. All kinds of machinery repairing ara executed in the most prompt and skilful manner. Their shop is well stocked with excellent m«chines for the )>€r- formance ot all the dttfilis cf their business. They are both young men, with a thorough education in ♦heir trvid», and with a higli ambition to make their n),.,-k as i;'tei;i>tr.t "uechanics. They have Htarted out with thoir owr resource'--, tind iv-erve a cordial recog- nition from all who take .ui inteirst in t!ic manuiactures of the city and its worthy mechaTiics, II' /i. J:U ST. JOHN AND ITS nUSINLSS. SAMUEL MYERS, Machinist and Machine IManufacturer^ Waterloo Street. Mi{, Samuel Mykrs is a native of Grand Lake. JTt i.-.d been educated to the carpenter and uiill-wright business witli his father, Jacob Mires, and witli American niachinis-ts, and for a number of years was employed at different places abv)Ut the coi ntry in building mills. He tinally settled in St, John in 18r>4 and commence I business 'v'n. his father in Waterloo street in the carriajie, mill-wright a:..' . ,' ^" luer^ business, his father havinpf the sujjervision of the carrir-^e ''ej^u^.v^*' . and himself that of maciiinery. They operated on a c. u.^ irriv is- small scale, and in \8M had the misfortune to suffer total lo.^ ? oi their establishment, on which there was a partial insurance. Tuey rebuilt the premises and continued the business till 1858, when Samuel bought out his father and has ci-.-ntinued the works till the jtrcsent time. Upon assuming tfie sole business, he greatly enlarged the machine shop and operated largely in carrirge axles, engines, mill work and general jobbing. He built a larger and more conveniently arranged shop nearly adjoining in 187U. In 1872 he commenced tlie manufacture of Sturdevant's Blower, a celebrated American i)atent which is so generally used for forges, etc., in manufacturing establishments, and superior to any other in use. In this manufacture he has been extensively engaged, and keeps them in stock of the various j^izes. Another specialty of his manufacture is the Judson Governor, which was fiJ'st brought out by a celebrated establishment at Roches- ter, New York; and a tiiird specialty are Milled IMachine Screw:, of which he manufactures a very extensive list in all sizes, made by new and improved macliinerj-. On these and the Sturdevajit Blower he reeei\ed medal and diploma at the Fredericton Exhibition in 18713. Sliaf ting. Pulleys, Hangers, and a general jobbing business till up the manufacturing catalogue of the establishment. The machinery ecpiipment of the works comprises one large Boring Macliine, one large I'lnner and Combniation Boring and Turning Machine, one common IManer, five Engine Lathes, two patent niachints for u.aking Milled Machine Screws, three Hond Lathes, two Drills, four Emery Wheels, Jig and Circular Saws, Planer, etc., for the wood work shop. Mr. Myers has had a long experience in machine work, „d8 ihc nr*' to run a planing machine in this city, and by diligent application and study of the latest improvements, has niaile for- liif manufactorj' i. sterling reputation in mechanical circles. Other wo 'ks may be on e. larger scale, but few execute a class of work which \\ill bear a better examination and stand the test of use. I I ST. JC>II\ AVD ITS IJUSINKSS. ]:):> a'; I i S. p. OSGOOD, South Side King Square. ^fR, OsGOOi>, liaviiipf serv*^! several years in the employ of I'uul It. 'Barker, Marble Dealer, IJangor, Me., came to St. John in .Tune, 1848, and coni|iiencefl the marble business in company with ilr. J. W. Smith, on the site of his present works, and under the firm name of S. V. Osgood & Co. Mr. Smith continued a partner in the business luitil lrf.')6, when Mr. Osgood became, and has continued to be, sole pro- prietor. The marble business vras very limited in the Maritime Provinces when he came to St. John. Tiiere were freestone and granite i^orks, where a few slabs were kept on hand ; l)ut there a\ as no general stock of marble in either of the Provinces, ilost i^.f the gmve-stones ordered were of freestone, for which the makers charged about the price of marble. The lirst stock of marble in)j)orted by this firm was greater in quantity than all previous imiiortatious. For ten years he drove his own team through this Province and "N'ova Scotia, soliciting orders, collecting, etc., and tlius gained liosts of acquaintances and worked uj) a large business. The patronage of the acquaintances thus made was secured for the future, togetlier with that of their friends, by a determination to please with the excellence of the work done. Halifax used to be Aisited regularly when the House of Assembly was in session, nnd large orders were invarif.bly obtained there. The sales in Xova Scotia have amounted to some S4,000 or $'>,(K)0 in a single year. I'rcm eight to ten men are employed summer and winter, and the order book has never been entirely clear, from the first establish- nent of the business up to the present time, and several of his men iiave been kept iii continuous employ from eight to twenty-two years. A very large stock of Marble Monuments and Tablets, of different sizes and styles, and Marble Slabs of all sizes, are kept constantly on hand. Italian marble is in the greatest demand, although some prefer other varieties. Some of the most imposing monuments that adorn the cemeteries and memorialize the dead of the two Provinces were manufactured in this establishment. Soda founts, counter and table tops, mantles, marble for cabinet norkof all kinds, soapstone for stove linings, freestone and granite for cemetery purposes, for etc., etc., are made to order, and a largn .^nd most select stock is constantly kept on haml. 136 ST. JOHX AND ITS UL'SIXESS. New Dominion Organ Company, Factory and Office on City Boad. TiiK (leiiiand for first-class Organs and Pianos has increased in St. John and the Provinces of hite years to a great extent, and lias caused a great sale of American made instruments, and latterly has suggested the idea that this field of enterprise is a legitimate one to be occupied by home industry. To carry out this suggestion the New Dominion '*rgan Company was organizeil about three years ago by the abovt- , ni»'d 1 roprietors, 1 • - aiven Stimjjson was for nearly thirty years a dealer in ^lelo- diui, , ''anos and Organs in ilassachusetts, and 'Slv. William W. Wallace, his son-in-law, was a voicer and tuner in Boston and () to $.100, sind they are ready to execute orders for an Sf8(H) organ. They use the best and most thoroughly seasoned Avoods, put uj) in the finest style of tinisli by the most experienced workmen, and they warrant their instruments for five years. Their aim is to put upon the nuirket an instrument which may fill a worthy place in the music-loving homes of the peo])le, and command th • l)reference from all who, with a just discrimination, desire to fav( r home manufacture Avhen ecjual in every respect to foreign made work. They are also prepared to furnish iilans and specifications for Church or Pii)e Organs. ST. JOHN AND JTS BUSINESS. ui: G. P. THOMPSON & SONS, Steam-power Paint and Color Works, Factory, 69 -Office, 73 Princess Street. -o Gkohuk ^'\ TiTOiii'sox, a native of St. Jolin, learnt'd the painlor'^ trade -with his brother both here and in Sew York, and starteil in 1837 as a hoiiae, ship and ornamental V'^'iiutov in Dock stnet. In lSr>() he put in a snit^l steam-engine, and ground paints for his own use. He established Iiis present factory on a small scale on Princess street about IS.").!, and in corncotion carried on a i)aint shop, still contiiuiing shop at Dock street. In 18(58 he .abandoned the Dock street shop and the entire painting business, and confined himself exclusively to the manufacture of White Lead, Zinc and Colored Paints and Putty. In 1871 he associated -wilh him his sons, Micliael William and (ieorge Frederick, jr., both of whom had been bred to the business in his service. The senior member and his son ^liehael have visited the Y>rincipal factories in England, on the Continent, and the L'l.ited States, to examine into the processes and acciuaint themselves with latest improvements. y L'pon setting up the Princess street works, ^Ir. Thompson put in a small engine, l)ut to meet the increase of business, ui)on the forma- tion of present firm, an engine of thirty-tlve horso-pov.er was put in, and the capacity of the works enlarged — four old mills being dis- carded to give place to five larger ones. There are now eight mills and six mixers and crushers, and other additions will s')iin be made. fn 1874, at the request of numerous customers, they commt>ncert putting up mixed jniints of different coloi's in sealed tins, from one poimd upwards. These colors are thoroughly mixed by nuichinery, under the superintendence of a practical painter of twenty years' experience, and are better and cheaper than can be prepareil in the ordinary way, besides being always ready for immediate use. In connection with their works they manufacture nil their tin and sheet iron cans and wooden kegs. This is tlie only factory of the kind in tlie Lower Provinces, and its in"odiu!ts are m(H!ting with a constantly increasing sale. Their Avorks and storage rooms are on a liberal scale, and their ])resent capn- city is fully employed to supply the market. Tliey import directly from Kngland all th<^ materials used in their manufacture, and fm- purity and excellence their productions are unsurpassed by any imported articles. Attempts have been made to injure tlu; business I\y iraiKirtations of chea)) and inferior goods, but these home i^ro- ducts, nuide by com])etent and e.\}:erienced men, who are able and W'illing to warrant their goods, give the'n at all times the front rank in the market. ■1,1"''! 'iii> it: !3S ST. JOHN AND ITS UrSLVESS. FAIRBANKS & HAWBS, Wood Moulding and Planing Mill, DOOR, SASH, BLIND AND BOX FACTORY, City Boad. Mn. WmT( o:m1! FAiiniAXics, a native of Stovliiij?, Mass., ooninitr,co(l in tiie manufacture of fuvnilure in liis native State, and subsetjueutly •went to Bar.yor, wliere lie (lea)t in fumiture, and sliortly associated ^vith Mr. Holland in the Picture Frame l)ii:aines«. Mr. Isvatl B. Ilawes, of Brouksville, Maine, liaving learned the house carpenter's trade, ■went to Bangor, and worked with Fairbanks k Holland till they dissolved. ^fr. Fairbanks then came to St. John in 1844. and set up as dealer in Clocks and in the Picture Frame business, and the following sj/ring ]\Ir. llawes came and worked in his employ. In 1848 they formed the ^f"tsent ])artnership, and started on a small scale in planing aiid ^vood manufacture, putting in a ]>laner and other machinery at Broad's Edge Tool Factory at the (iolden Ball. As their business rajjidly increased, and more amide accommoda- tions and power were re(]uired, they leased for a term of years tlie tannery of C. J. Melick, at the corner of Union and Carmarthen streets, wldch tlu'y raised, eidarged and fitted up with the necessary machin- ery for wood moidding, planing and general jobbing work. After several years of successful o])erat)on the establishment was entirely destroyed by fire in 18('>6. They innnediately rebuilt on a much larger and im]»roved scale, re-stocked with machinery, and were again in full tide of successful operation, when, in 18(')0, they were again totally burnt out. Tiie losses in both these fires were vei'y large, and with oidy partial insurance. They then commenced the erection of their present works on City Road, but while temporarily occupying another i)lace, were again burnt out, and so, scathed and scarred, but not dismayed, with the sympathy of their fellow-citizens and best wishes for a turn of the tide of ill-fort ime, they moved to the City Road in 1870. Tliis factory is the largest, hest arranged, and most perfectly equipped of its kind in the city. It is situated near the Intercolonial Hiiilway, from whicli a branch track runs directly to the mill, afford- ing the cheapest and most expeditious facilities for bringing lumber and forwarding it after manufacture. The main building is()0xl2r> feet and fo\ir stories in heiglit. In the basement story, tlirough t) ■ FAIRBANKS AND HAWES. 13f> whose side openings lumber is cavtorachiiie.«', two Turning Lathes, one Face Lathe for turning circular moulding, Band and Jig Saws, a Tennouing ^lachine, a Power Mortit*ing ^lachine for mortising hubs, doors, etc. ; a machine for making Sliip Plugs and Wedges, two Boring Machines, a Planing Machine, a Clapboanl Planer, three Circular Saws, and a Grooving ^lachine. Thes<.» ma- chines are all new and of the most approved manufacture. The third flat is principally used for j)utting work together ami flnishing up doors, sash, blinds, etc. Among its machinery is a Power Mortiser, a Burr Planer for jointing and squaring stufl', three Circular Saw Tables, and some light and nicely working machinery for Ww manufacture of blinds, consisting of a Tennoning Machine, Boring and Mortising, and Sandpaper Machines. On this floor also the manufacture of shoe, tobacco, lobster and packing boxes and tnmk woods is carried on, with all the requisite machinery. AH the trunk woods are here put together for the largest trunk factory in the city. On this floor are also kept in str ,k and for sale all descriptions of mouldings manufactured in the establishment, in every variety. The fourth flat is devoted to painting and glazing of sash, and to the painting and fitting ixp of Venetian blinds, in which tho estal)- lishment does a very extensive bus\ness, furnishing them of ad wofKU and colors, and of any required dimension. There is also on thi.-* floor a Stair Rail, Newel and Baluster department, where the.se are manufactured in all varieties. An elevator runs from basement to attic for the ready handling of materials, etc. In the rear is the large dry house, 7ox40 feet, the basement of which is used for storage of manufactured lumber, and the whole of the two upper stories are a dry house for seasoning lumber for their own use and for their customers. The heat is supplied by a powerful cun'ent of hot air, driven into it by one of the large Sturtevant fan blowers. This is the only dry house in the city which dries lumber for others. The whole establishment is a busy hive, and some ftfty men and boys are constantly employed. All kinds of wooi' grinding instead of tiling teeth. These were all recent improvements and, with the exception of the last, first introduced here by him. ilr. Lawton had spent much time and money in experimental machines, and cramped himself by it, but liis establishment is now prosjiering. lie manufactures Circular Saws of all dimensions up to sixty inches diameter — among which are Trimmers, Edgers, Bolters, Clapboard. Lath and Shingle Saws, lie is the only manufacturer in the Provincf of tlie Tapered Shingle Saws, which he has made for four years. In his line are also Mill Saws, from live to seven feet in length — gang and single— Muley, Whip or Pit Saws, Cross-Cut, Drag, Hand, Wood, Meat and Copper Bolt Saws. Of these he makes twenty-seven different styles of Circular, six of Mill, five of Cross-Cut, five of Wood, five tit Batcher Bow, five of Hand, three of Drag and one each of Muley and Pit Saws. Tlie machinery is of the best and the factory fully organ- ized for its work with an engine of twenty-tive horse power. Mr. Lawton is himself a most skilful and thorough workman, and has given his best study and ambition to his art, with the determiuii- tion to comi)ete with the best productions of old establishments. He employs competent and skilled workmen, and the best of Jessop's celebrated Sheffield steel, and in the quality and finish of his good? may challenge a test with any other manufacturer. His business is having steady increase, and his goods are well known in New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia. ST. .lOllN AND ITS ItUSlSKSS, I4;i 3sr «m1 lUM llj)- Doniinioii, dies. Thf labor-sav- l the many to becomt.' the man Il- ia art. ][(' Y street in tlie cogita- :1 the third of iron for xluced tlic lachine for rovements him. ilr. macliines. jsjKjring. xty inchc- [Jlapboard. Pro vi nee rs. In iiis gang ami cod, Meat different od, five (it kfuley and lly organ- f. unan, and etermiuii- ents. He Je8Sop'> his good? usiness is w Brun?- New Brunswick Steam Spice Mills, No. 7 Waterloo Street. y\u. Loudly, a native of Cheater, Nova Scotia, after several years of clerking in the Provinces and in Boston, went into the Furniture busineM with his brother on Charlotte street, in IS'm, and having their Factory at Portland Bridge. Jle continued in this partnership for four years till 18.')'.i, when Iw went into the same business for himself, with warehouse on (ierniain .street, the same previously occupied by the lirm, and Factory at Portland Bridge, where he hired steam power at first and then bouglit- out the proprietors of it, doing at the time a very large business. He liere commenced the Spice grinding business in connection with his other operations. In 1871 his Factory was destroyed by fire, with all its machinery, without insurance, entailing a heavy loss and bringing his business to u sudden close. In the Spring of 1872, he leased the premises and .steam power, which he now occupies, of A. Christie & Co., and com- menced- anew the Spice and Coffee grinding business, putting in three (i rinding Machines and a Coffee Roaster. These mills are largely occupied in grinding Sjiices for the whole- sale trade, and roasting and grinding Coffee for the retail trade — also in grinding Feed. Besides operating for the trade, Mr. Lordly puts up for the market in tin cans and tin foil packages all the different kinds of Spices, which can be warranted in all their purity and strength. Tie also puts up old .lava, Marcaibo and English Breakfast Coffee in convenient-sized packages ; and also dt^als in a superior article of Dandelion Coffee, which he prepares from fresh German roots. This ii an article much used by consumers of limited means, and those who, while desiring to rt Jl KfttitblUlied IH7t. SAINT JOHN TOBACCO WOIKS. Office and Warerooms- No. 21 Water Street. Mr. John I). Rohf.htsox, a native of St. John and a «U'scen(lniit of tile Loyalists, managed for many years tlio Tobacco Wtirksi of J. i^- R. Reed, in Water street, till 1871, whe'i he formed a co-partnersliip with John Stewart, William I'eters, and liis son Andrew I). Robertwm, who purchased the machinery of the works and established their present factorj' on Soullnvark stit-et, where tliey commenced the nianufacturo of all the different grades and varieties of black and brijfht work tobacco, both plug ami fine cut, for smoking and chewing. They imjtort all their tobaccos direct fn.m the ))est Virginia and Kentucky markets, in which the selection is attended to by one of tlie firm. Their manufactured goods are widely sold in the Maritime Provinces, and not only compai-e fn orably with other manufacture?, but in comi>etition are generally preferred. Their high reputation has made for them a stemlily increasing sale. They alno hold for tli« Dominion a patent for an article put up by them, known as Robert- son's Patent Package Fine Cut, which is rapiilly becoming a great favorite in the market. Tlieir factorj* is among the immy creditable industries of St. John, demonstrating that home enterprise and 8kill can successfully com- pete with old foreign establishments, and gives employment to some forty men and women in the working up of n hundred thousand pounds annually. The office and warehouse w. re located at the factory till 187", when they established them at No. 21 Water street, where they constantly keep in store a large stock of all the different varieties, having, besides their own, a large list of Virginia and Canadian manufactures, aggre- gating in their catalogue nearly seventy different grades and styles. A large retail store, in connection with their establishment, has recently been opelied at No. 74 Prince William street, where all the various lines of their o\\-n manufacture are kept on haol, together with a very full assortment of American manufacture, and a complete stock of domestic and Havana Cigars, In that line of smokers' goods which may be denominated the fine arts of the trade are to be found an exteuf*ive array of articles, such as majolica jars, cigar stands, match safes, of curious design, and a large assortment of pipes, and other (Tcrman goods. Their meerschaums are in gi'eat variety of finisli and exhibit rare artistic skill in their carvings, one of which — costing f 2i)0— has been exhibited in several expositions in the old world. rrrr^ UQ ST. JOHX AND ITS BUSINESS. GEORGE H. MARTIN, ^A/^ATCHMAKER AND JEWELLER, Martin's Corner, Union and Coburg Streets. — ■ — o Mil. Maiitin, after working for several years at the watchuiaking and 3«;wellery business in St. Joltn, followed in the footsteps of many of his countryiuen by going to the United States. After working at liis busiiiees there some years, live nf -which lie ai>ent in the great Walthani Watch J'nctory, he returned to St. John and began busineSK on his own account in'Union street. After four years he moved to Cicvniain street, and, a year ogo, took possession of his present pre- mises on the corner of Union and Coburg stveets. Tlie building is a new i)ne, and the portion of it occupied by Mr, Martin has been finished and fitted up by liini in a style that makes it altogether one of the best shops for busiuess in tlie city. The Union street front is wholly, and the Coburg street side partly, of glass, thus affording a good deal of space for the display of goods. The counters are of walnut, with ash panels. Ornaiuental iron railings surmount the front ends of the counters, ])rotecting the goods in the windows from being disturbed, and show-cases cover all the rest of their surface. These sliow-cases have silver-plated nickel frames, and are tilled with .sucli .JoweUery and Fancy Goods as are usually kept in establishments of this kind. The shelves display American Clocks— cheap and costly, plain and oiTjamenlal ; Silver ware, in every line; Cutleiy of all kinds; Fancy Artich s in great variety, etc.. etc. 3Ii'. Martin, although he imports Euglinli, American and Swiss Watches, and keej>s all kinds in stock, makes a specialty of those of American man afactuve, selling more of the Waltham make than any other. The seeker for a watch who cannot suit himself at Martin's Corner uuist be hard to please. The R ise of opening and operating it i» mostly a St. John affair, the stock being '«Tgely held and the head office being located here. The mining area owned by the Company is three square miles in extent, and has been taken up in such shape as to secure a large por- tion of the Coal crop of the district, so far as known. Seven or eight veins have been discovered on the Company's tract, varying in thick- ness from three to thirteen feet, one of thirteen, one of ten and one of six feet. The only one yet opened is the ten feet, or main seam, into which two slopes have been driven about three-quarters of a mile apart, and levels cut in both for some distance east and west, which to some extent prove all the veins on the area as it is no great dis- tance across the measures. The west, or old slope, has been sunk over 400 feet, and the east, or new slope, where the Company have all the dip, has been driven 830 feet at an angle of about 4i degrees. Large constructive works are still going on here underground, oi>ening up the vein and laying out the Mine for future operations. All these works are of the most per- manent character and are so arranged as to insure the coal being pro- duced at the cheapest rate, while a large reserve is left in the roof a«d supporting pillars which can be mined when required at a much les« cost than at present. A Branch Railway of five miles connects the Mine with the Inter- colonial Railway, and the coal can be shipped at Dorchester, St. John, or Halifax. Though constructive works are in progi*ess, thirty-three thousand tons were raised and sent to market last year. Its great value for both steam and house purposes is satisfactorily established. As a steam coal, it is A'ery superior, and in this market it is rapidly gaining a high place and must tend to clieck importations. It has been largely used by the Inteicolonial Railway, tne River du Loup Railway, and by all the large Rolling Jlills in' the Province, by the Canada Steel Company at Londonderry, and by Foundries both here and in other parts of the Province. The Company is of recent forma- tion, and operations have only been in jirogress for a year or t\:o. It is already tlie largest enterprise of the kind in the Province, and vnth the increasing facilities for nuning, its greater prospective produc- tion and A'alue arc assured. The Directors of tlie Company are the Hon. Alexander MacFarlane, Prtsident, S. S. Ilall, John Magee, James L. Dunn, and K. Peniston Starr. Secretary and Tr»?asurer, W. K. Vroom. ST. JOnX AXD ITS BUSINESS. 140 CARSON FLOOD, Importer and Sealer in English & American Pianofortes, Cabinet Organs, &c. No. 75 King Street. ( -o Mil. Flood came from the North of Ireland to this city at sixteen years of age. He served an apprenticeship and worked for some time at the Painting business, which he relinciuished in consequence of a severe injury received in the line of his business, and in 1852 went into Photography, which he carried on till 1861, when he connected the Piano trade with it till 1870. The latter branch having then becoyie 80 extensive as to rcquire all his attention, he discontinued Photogra- phy and has since devoted himself exclusively to the Piano and Organ busioess. His place of business was in Prince William street, imtil last year when he removed to his present store. Although dealing to some extent in the various makes of the in- struments in his Mne of American and English manufacture, and only in the best articles, his specialties are the C'?lebrated " Bourne" Pianos and those of the old established house of Hallett Sc (Jumston, of Boston. Tlie reputation of these instruments has stood the teat of many years, and are from the hands of artisans of long experience and skill. Mr. Bourne, a praptical mechanic and musician, has been engaged in Pianoforte manufacture for forty years, and his scales are acknowledged to be the most perfect ever drawn. The Hallett & CHmston Piano has for years jjossessed an imri vailed position in mu- sical circles ; and for tone, finish and ability and workmanship botii these makes are unexcelled. Mr. Flood has them in Grand, Square and Upright styles. Tlie Smith American Organ, which is his leading specialty in that line of instruments, has a record of a ect to its business, and are as safe and coni- foi'table as steamships can be made. They are kept jierfectly clean, Are well furnished, the most perfect order is maintained on board, and the officers are thoroughly competent, polite and obliging. The Secret or Mirnmichi is intended to leave Quebec every Tues- day, at 2 o'clock, p. ni., for Pictou, and Pictou eveiy Tuesday, at 7 o'clock, a. m., and Shediac same evening for (Quebec, calling each way at Father Point, Gaspe, Perce, Paspebiac, Dalhousie, Chatham, New- castle and Point du Chene. These steamers have first-class accommo- tlation for passengers. The liermmh, Hadji, Alhambra and Flamhoro are intended to run between Montreal, tiuebecand Pictou, t(juchingat Chatham, New- castle, Shediac and Charlottetown, as freight may offer. Tiie steamers Canimu and City of Houston leave New York and Bermuda every Thursday, carrying the United States mails. They have first-class accommodation for passengers ; and during the winter months no better climate than Bermuda can be found for invalids Return tickets can always l.)e obtained from any of the agents at reduced rates. The Gulf route is among the finest in the world for sunnner tour- ists, as the scenery is magnificent and the (lulf free from fog. At Perce Rock a gun h fired from the steamships for the purpose of arousing the myriads of birds that use it as a watering place. Messrs. Hanford have a certain number of berths at their dis])osal •each trip, and sell through tickets by rail and boat trom all points. ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. 151 SHIPBUILDING. Any account of St. John which omitted to mention its secontl ^•eat industry, shiiibuildiug, would be incomplete, for sliipbuihling stands next to lumber in the amount of capital invested and the value of the product, among the industries of New Bnmswick. Nothing has made this Province so famous as her ships, which have a world- wide reputation and are to be found on everj" sea. The first vessel known to have been built in New Brunswick was the Monneyimsli, a sloop of If) tons, built by Jonathan Leavitt, in 1770. Two or three other crafts of the same kind appear to have been built ct St. John prior to the landing of the Loyalists. The names of some of them will be foujid in a previous page, which gives the nominal list of vessels entered and cleared at St. John in 1782. In 1786 the Lord Sheffield, termed by the local prints of the day a " most noble ship,'* was built by Benedict Arnold above the Falls. The people of St. John saw in her the pioneer of a noble fleet of shipw which should claim it hereafter as their home port. From that time shipbuilding appears to have been established, and it gi'ew steadily in magnitude and importance. The woods mainly employed in the construction of New Brunswick .ships are bivch, beech, spruce, hackmatack and pitch pine. All these woods, except the last, grow in New Brunswick. A New Brunswick high classed ship, built under survey, will class A 1 for 8 years at Tiloyds, or 9 years in Bureau Veritas, or 10 years in American Lloyds. All tliese offices have agencies in St. John, and no vessel of any size is built without being classed in one or other of them. Although shij)** built of some other descriptions of wood receive classification for a longer term of years than those built in New Brunswick, no better wooden vessels float on the seas than those of this Province. Among the famous ships of St. John may be mentioned the Marco Polo, of 1,511 tons, built at ot. John in 18.jl, and the Mommrj Light, 2,377 tons, built at St. John in ISoo. Both of these vessels were remarkable for their speed and the quick passages they made, particularly the first-named. Both are still afloat, doing good service. The building of clipi)er ships has, however, ceased of late years at St. John, as well as everywhere else. Ships are now built to carry a large cargoes, and it is found that such ships on good lines sail nearly, if not quite, as well as the lean, sharp clippers. The building of ex- tremely large ships has also ceased. No ship is now built in St. Jobn of less than 11.50 or more than 1750 tons. Barques range in siz , from 500 to 1 100, the tendency being decidedly towards the larger size, and 152 SHTPBiriLDING. brigantines run up to nearly 500 tons. A few large three-nia8t«(I Hchooners are built in St. John, but not mai y, and the dame remark is true with regard to barquentinea. Formerly most of the 8hii)8 built at St. John and indeed throughout the Province were built on speculation for sale in England. The builders sometimes did very well, but when times were bad ruinous Josses resulted from it, and it was entirely abandoned some years ago. Ships are still built to a limited extent for parties in England, but they are built under contracts, and the builder knows precisely what he is going to get for his ship before he begins her. Most of the ships built in Xew Brunswick are, however, for owners here, and since this has been so shipbuilding has become much more safe and profitable, and our people by owning their own vessels have ceased to be merely " hewers of wood and drawers of water " for others/ / ST. JOHN AXD ITS BUSINESS. loli ROBERT ROBERTSON & SON, SAlLMAKEfRS &- SHICPS' OUTJITTECRS, 63 and 66 Water Street. This hoiisd -owner. Robert and George, representing the three gene- rations in the business, inherit the energy of the fathers and will well maintain the business. 154 ST. JOHN A.ND ITS Bl'SINESS. DAVID D. ROBERTSON & Co., Ship Brokers and Commission Merchants, Smyth Street. This house has its origin in tlio business of Hon. John Robertson, the well-known merchant and capitalist who for so many years ha.-* occupied the front rank of the active commercial men of St. John, and held so many important commercial and political positions, and who has now honorably and successfully retired to make his future resi- dence in Englanviso and energy haye enabled them to do, and given them a leading position in their line of bnsiness. Tlie special attention given to the quality of their importations, their variety and extent, and attention paid to all the details of the trade, and general fair dealing, have all had their part in their success. 156 ftX. JOIIX AND ITS BUSINESS. ' sirrpBtm.Dhr. srATisfits. ' The following lablo ahDws tlie luimbtT of ivew veeseta b'liilt and ro gi«tere(l in Now Brunswick, during ♦'jicli year for the past fifty years. By reference to this table th»< refl« able to trace the jirogress of shipbuilding in this Province almost from the time it became an important industry j he will note tlio various depressionti and fluctu- ations it has undergone, its occasional enormous development as in 1854 and its almost utter collapse nt in ISrtS. He will note also its steady progress for the past few years since speculative building for parties abroad has ceased. Twothirds and often three-fourths of the vessels registered each year were registei'ed at St. John, and of late years the proportion is even larger. Bearing this in mind, tlie reader will have no difficulty in tracing the history of shipbuilding in St. John in the following figures : Year. No. of Vessels. Tons. IS-T) 120 28,893 182(1 130 31,020 1827 VH) 21,806 1828 71- 16,6.56 1829 64 8,450 1830 52 , 9,242 1831 61 8,571 1832 70 14,081 1833 97 17,837 1834 92 24,140 183.5 97 25.796 1836 100 29,643 1837 99 27,288 1838 122 29,167 1839 164 45,864 1840 168 ()4,104 1841 119 47,140 1842 88 22,840 1843 64 14,560 1844 87 24,543 1845 92 28,972 1846 124 40,383 1847 115 53,373 1848 86 22,793 1849 • 119 39,280 18.50 86 30,356 1861 .' 90 45,695 18.52 ;i.V.'i 118 68,399 1853.... 122 71,428 1854 135 99,426 1865. .,»•••• f .5. ♦..?•••••. 95 54,561 ■ 1856 ,;,,.•'•♦•/•'••••*••.• 1-0 ."'; ',79,907 " i857-.-.i^'.'^^.^^i*.''..J»;..;:... 148 ■'■^••71,989 18.58. i.*...-.i...' 75 26,263 18.59 93 ,j .,,, , 38,330 1860 100 • 41,008 1861 80 40,523 1062 JK) 48,719 siiirmiLDiNO sT.vrsTics. ]r,7 137 1«53 \4^ 118 ■ <■.!(«], 103 76 85 86 104 82 Q5 L_.l. r. 85,250 9-J.605 15!"474. • 4:.,yj2 •J{>,1.'80 29,{)3»; 26,25»7 29,046 28,104 34,121 .'M,(>J7 38,080 St. Andrews 1863 . 18fW..vr •, 1866 ,., ,,.... 1867 • • • t •!' »»:t'"i-l» .>••'>■»*» i»t>#» 1868.... 1869 „. 1870 1871 1872 . ,1873 1874 Tlie returns for the last two years are exclusive of from which we have no returns. THE SUIPVING OF «T. JOHS'. The following table shows the amount of shipping remaining on the Registi-y Books of St. John on the 3l8t December of each year f< 54 « 6,159 (( 263,410 tons. 1^8 8T. JOHN A.yD ITS BISIXESS. Gk)ld and Silver Plater, 60 Charlotte Street. Mn. Hi I hu AN 13 A native of St. John. At an early fiostoi), MasflacliUHotts, and served a regular a])])rentice8hip to (iold and Silver IMatinf^ with his hrother, Jolm J. llillman, learning tlit- imsiness thovoui^hly in all its I)ranclie8, In August, ISOi^ Ma-, llillman returned to St. John and began busi- uu»r< on hid own account in Union street, lie was the first iu the buNi- \WM in St. John. He was, in fiiot, the first to enter on tliis branch of buainess in the Maritime Trovinces, and his experiment was eoon re- warded with success. Two years after the startingof the business the building in which it was located was nearly destroyed by fjre, and tlie establisliment was moved to Germain street. After t;wo years' stay in Germain street a removal to the preinines now occupied in Cliarlotte street was efPected. ilie manuincture of Carriage and Harness Ti-lramingM foYms an im- portant part of the work done, all the large manufacturers depending upon Mr. Hillman for the supply of their wants in this respect. Doov Plates, l*ew Numbers, Table Ware, etc., etc., etc., are manu- t'rtcture«d and plated with gold or silver, in the best manner! Both processes— Electro-plating and (Jilding, and Hand rinting and Gilding— are folKy#ed, according ti, the quality and description of the work to be done, or the wishes of patrons. The Re-plating of old goods is also carried on to a considerable ex- tent, Urge and small ordf rs for such wcrk being daily received. The process renders the articles as good as new at considerably Jess than the original cost, and economical housekeepers and others avaJJ tliem- selves of the opportunity thus ailorded for eifectiiig a saving. Prom four to six hands arp kept busy in the 'work?^hop all the time, bind the value of the goods that are turn(>d vout a tlu . rae of ayear are considerable. The ravp materials. ^' ' imported, are greatly increased in value by the jn'ooesses i .heyarup ''tected, and the material wealth of the Province it* incr'Nised h^ die keeping of money at home that would otherwitv We se'. abroad for the pay- ment of foreign workmen. Orders are constantly pouring in from country towns in the Pr< vince, and from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, to whic jn'ompt attention is given. LIST, •went to p to (U)l(l rnin^ t\\t !jjjan bu.xi- ithe buHi- branch of » soon re- isinesB tlic f fire, and iwo yeav^' !Cupieil in ma an ini- [leiH'iKlin^f )ect. are manii- d Plating escription ST. JOHN AND ITS BUHTXKSS. 151) lorable ex- red. The lees tban rail theni- the time, i ayenv greatly |;cted, and keeping the pay- the Pr< I to WhicH , '.li) (cUiiJ)ii(^L.: 25 IXxilri 'street,,. J, ^i ,t.Oii/ui:*'.ia iJiU This houue is among the oldeHt in St. John, haviiiK been i'oundud by Mr. Thos. Parks in 18.10. Tha building was swept away in the great Duck street fire in 18.30, and wq« immediately reeonstnicted. Mr. Tlionias B. Buxton, after having been in the employment of Mr. Parks fourteen years, succeeded him in the business in IStM), and is one of the most popular Wine ^ferchafits in the city. The Wholesale Department enjoys a lairge city and country i atron- age, liquors being 9hipi)ed to most of the county towns in the Pro- vince. The l?ar is a favorite resort for thirsty merchants and others of the A icinity who want something stronger than cold water, and a few choice spirits may generally be found there. The tables of many of the best people of the city are regularly sup- plied from tliis house, and no better proof ct)uld be given of the ex- celisnce of its goods. Mr. Buxton imports nothing but good liquors, iind keeps a full as- sort ment of all kinds of Wines, Spirits, and Ales. If people must indulge in stimulating Iteverages, and the majority do so indulge to a greater or less degi'ee, they should take every pre- caution for the purpose of getting them as pure as possible, as no- lliiug is more injurious to health than the home-made decoctions that are retailed Igr irresponsible iMjasons as wine, brandy, whiskey, etc., etc. '■ jf;"f' Country liquor dealers who want to be sure of getting genuine goods without personally selecting them ; grocers who want wines and liquors for their customers ; and apothecaries and physicians who need a supply of spirits for medicinal purposes, may order of Mr. Buxton ^th the certainty of receiving as good articles-in his line as are imported into the Province. This is saying a good deal, as the reputation of St. John wine and spirit importations stands desenedly kigh. American tourists unite in testifying to the excellence of the Martel and Cognac Brapdies, Jamaica rum, Scotch and Irish Whii^- keys, and Port, Sherry and other Wines kept here, and generally supplement what they carrj' home with them by liaving supplies for- warded occasionally. ii, 100 ST. JOHN AND ITS HUSINES8. -, ,, THOliff AS FURIiONG, Wine Merchant iinit Dii^ct Ini q; i;p8, for the express purpoee of making a more general selec- tion from the best shippers and producers. On this tour he made purchases in London, Diil)lin, Glasgow, and in most of the vine-gi'ow- ing districts of France. Three years later, he made a similar tour, which be extended to the German Vrine-grdwing districts. He lirts made a practice of visiting the old cmintiy every three years for this purpose and to keep himself abreast bf the intere*t;8 involved in his trade. In 18C5 he purchased the old premises on the corner of Water and Princess streets, anderected thereon, of granite and brick, the present substantial building of 25 ft front and 3ii ft deep, four stories in height, all of which he occupies in his business, together with his old connected premises in Chubp's building, giving a cellArage extending from stre'?t to street, in which the choicest products of the lintage are stored, and acquiring an honored age. Besides these premises he has bonded warehouses in Water street and in thp Customs buil Furlong has devoted particidar attention to a general family business, making it a speciality co deal on/y in the cboicest grades of the several lines of liis trade,— whether in the whiskey and altm of Ireland and Scotland, the brandies of France, and the delicacies of tile vintages of Spain, France and Germany. He was the first in the trade to introduce the _/*«<«• class of Sherries and Ports, such as the Amontillado and Vino ile Pasto, old tawny and white Porte, ntc By carrying hii enormous slock of these goods received from first shippers, and keeping them on hand for years before offering tli"iM, he IS al»le to give his cnstoniers the fullest guarantee as to quality and age. His long experience and intelligence in his wares, nave given his house its present high position whicli he desires to maintain and leave unimpaired to his successors. ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSTNESS. IBl THURGAE & RUSSELL, Wine, Spiiit and Oommission Business, 13 North l^aiket Wh^rf. Tms house was founded about fixty ye^ah a-^o by Jolin Veiiner, a^d is the oldest in the cit^'. John Venner Tiiurgar, who came fi'om Kiif^- land and was Mr. Venner's clerk, succeeded him about fifty years ago, and retired in favor of the present proprietors in November, 18(»4. Mr. Thurgar, very early in lift', became interested in the Volunteer movement and joined aii Artillery corps as private, rising through all grades to the rank of Colonel, %v)ucu he now h(»ld8 in the Militia, lie has given much time end mon^^y to keep the force up. Jle was President of the City Bank thirty or forty yenrs ago, has been a Director of the Equitable and Marine insurance Companies, and was for twenty-five years senior Director of the Bank of British North America. Mr. Tiiurgar passed through I he commercial panics of fifty yeai>i wjth unbroken credit, his management of business being so judicious and successful tliat his position vas never shaken. His place of business was burned down in 18."7, and, although there was iin insurance on building or stock, the structure was immediately re- bnilt. The Daily Globe, on the occasion of Mr. Thm'gai's retirement, said: "Mr. Thurgar, during his loug mercantile cai'eer, always ' n- joyed the fullest confidence of the community, and of all with whom he had dealings, a confidence that was never misplaced. No man could retire from business with a cleaner record in ever^ rei^pept, and enjoying a gi.^ater amount of respect and estsem." ,,|;i, .».,,.,.,( His son, Mr. .T. Venner Thurgar, Jr., and Mr. Jolni Russell, who was his book-keeper for twenty-one years, have succeeded him, and begun under most favorable auspices. It is their intention to increase their already large business. They are agents for Dunnville & Co's old Irish Whiskey, and keep a choice selection of wines and brandies. etc., which they sell at wholesale only. The prestige of the house, and their own reputation for honorable dealing, ensure them a large share •f business. Mr. Thurgar has, like his father, always taken an interest in the Volunteers. In 1861 he raised a company, the Royals, of which he was made Captain. When this and other companies were consolidated into the ti2nd Battalion C&yX. Tluirgar was made Adjutant, which position he held when, druing the excitement caused by the threat- ened Fenian invasion, If? went into camp at St. AniHranco of the street and making tlie building available for mercantile pur- poses. It is this Hat which i.s now used as the salesroom of the esta- blishment. Continuing to pro.sjjer at the new .tand Jlr. McCoskery soon pur- chased an adj(nning ledge, which he cut down, and erected a tine building for a wareliouse on the site. This building, after having been used for warehousing purposes a dozen years, was convc ted into a hotel in ISO.'t, to meet the demand for increased accommoda- tion for travellers, and is now known as the "Acadia Hotel." Mr. McCoskery's business gradually assumed large proj^jortions, and the house Avas tlie principal one in the trade for some years. The business was conducted cautit usly and safely, and the credit of the proprietor was nm'er tarnished by a failure to meet his engagements, an assignment, or a compromise with those having claims against him. In I87.'i Mr. McCoskery retired in favor of his son, Mr. C. A. Mc- Coskery, who conducts the biisiiu\ES.S. M. N. POWERS, UNDERTAKER, 33 PRINCESS STREET. Mil. M.viiK X. l.'owKUs was born in St. John in Ibi'O. Jlc loiiiiu-d tlic Cahiiiet making trade with John J. Ilogan, after which he worked ii,s ft journeyman with Howard & Corbitt, I'eter Drake, and Jliinibi vl & JJrown. In 184GMr. Powers Aventinto business for himself in (ier- niain st., next to Trinity Church, in tlie buihlin^f now (iccu]»icd by .Miss IStewart, as an Undertaker, being the first man in New JJruiis- wick to make Undertaking a business of itself. After two years ho moved two doors north, on the same street, to a buiMing owne relating i.o hi:- specialty. He manufactiu-es and keeps in stock ('ollius and Caski;^!. of all kinds— ^[aliogany, "Walnut, Round, Cloth, head. Zinc, etc., ami ^np|)lies everything re«]iiired nf fmiernls on the slH»rtest notice. ST. .lOIIV \M» ITS ni'MlXKSS. hi.' JOHN E. HUGHES, General Agent &nd Commiasion Merchant. Forwarding and Custom House Broker, Smith's Building, - - Prince William Street. -o Mu, IlrouKs wn.- Imni in lavcrpool, Kngluiul, nnd canu' to tlii.-^ l'rn\iiico ill I8.'»4. In I8.')8 lie went to Nova Scotia, and fliil lui.*incH>. ihcvp until ISO.'!, when he rotiinlod to St. John nnd heoame a clcvk w itli .\[i'. Adiiiu Vonng. In Jiuif, IS70, Mr. liuglu'.s eonuueiicud business as a Cieneval Agent. Ciiuiniission Merchant, and Cii.stoni House Broker, an-s- fuUy conduced tliosc hranciu's until the present time. One of llie most iinporlant establishments with which Mr. Iluj^hes is connectetl is K. For.sytlfs Caiuuhi Marble -Works, of Montreal, ol' which he became Ajj'ent in the Spring of 1871. This is one of tlut liirtjest marble maniifacturinp; concerns in the Dominion, and its pro- ductione? are unrivalled for quality, design and linish. White and Aeined Italian Marble ifantels, and Slate ^fantels marbleized in per- fect imitation of the rarest and most beautiful specimens are received from Jlontreal in large consignmeuts, and find a ready sale. They are of all sizes and styles. Many of lln' ^Farble Mantels exhibit ex- cellent specimens of the'scul[itor's art. Mantels, i>lain and cliea]). iiiid ornanienlal, massive and costly, are always in stock in various patterns anu styles of linish, costing from S."»0 to $1,00(). Mantels, 'rM)le Tops, Flo )r Tilings, Marble Altars, liaptizmal Fonts, Italian Sculi»ture Figures, are furnished to order of any df sign and .size re- ipiired. (Irates of elegant design and finish are furnished with the ^[anteU. In addition to Mantels, Mr. Hughes receives Table Tojts, M> niiments, Fountains,'and every other kind of Marble manufacture, Jrom Forsyth's Works, selling them in St. John so low as to success- fully CMmjiete with imjjorters and home manufacturers. The show- rooms are well worth a visit, and no one who is about to furnish a house should omit to call and see the Mantels, Mirrors, etc, on exhi- bition. _ Mr. Iluglu's is Agent for M. I). Baldwin, Hojt (Irower, Brantford, Unl.. an will iiusli lilt' interests of his principals in an intelligent and energetic manner. i 160 ST. JOHN .ySD ITS «U8JNli>;S. !t!l D: E. DUNHAM, ABCHITECT AND DESIGNER OF ALL CLASSES OP Public and Private Buildings and Landscape Gardening BAYARD'S BUILDING, 106 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET. Mn. DuxiiAM is a nalive of Unnipsicad, Qiioon's C ninty. TIo wont to work with a builder when lie was a l»oy, spenilin;^ liis leisure hniiite in the study of Architecture, find thus early ii((iuired a iiriictical and theoretical ac(|uainlance with tlie bu^^iiiess in wliiol' he has Ixen so successful. After spendini; a short time in Woixistocrk, where he erected several fine buildings, Mr. Dunham cnnie lo St. John in 180.'i, and di.scontinued building in \f^{'A). ' Since (iiniii.g to this oily he hr.s designed and superintended the erecliuii nf ' uildings costing nljout S(MK>,00<), among which are the following: BuicK Brii,i)ix(js.— CVdvin Cliurih, eorntn- AVfllinglou Row nnd Carleton .street, S20,()00; New Maritime IJank, Mavkei Sipiaiv, S><); t). .T. McLaughlin's, corner (Jermain and Princess streets. S''^,(M)(>: W. W. Turnbuirs, corner Water .-^tr-et and Tilton's Alh'v, ISO f.-el long, S;l2,000; Crawford's Bloc',,, King Square, $!.\(i(K): Continental lloul, Xing S(iuare, Sir),(KHt; Wiggins Male Orphan Instiiution (excepting outer walls), St. James st/eet, ,S-1'M)()(); l''raid< Tufts', (Jiieeii Stpiarc, !S7,000: T. B. Ihinington's, otUMifr Kliioi Kow .-nid Crown street, .S7,(«)U; New Wing of Alms Uous-, ('ourteiiav i5;\\. .^KURH); Alex. Stewart's. (iermain street, Sl--VM)(l; Hdw. MdionaM's, ft8,(!00; Jas. Watson's, Port land, iailO,(XM). WooDKx Buildings.- W. W. Turnhull's, lillio; Row, !;'('.,0(X1: J. TI. •Harding's, ccnuier (iermain and ilw-\ n sticets, $8,()(1(): Orange Terrace, comprising ten dwelling.-, corner Ornnge and Tilt streets, iS"0,('f'(): Chas. I'atton's, King street V.v.!-\ .ST.tX't': John Metiourly's, corner Elliot Kow and I'itt streei, ^8.(»oi): .SiMUuel CroiheiV (two), Wat,'rloo street, $1),(XX>; Dr. ITamilt()(). Mr. Dunham's thorough jn-actieil knowli'tige of ('oiistructive Archi- tecture in all its details of (-'arpenlering, i\l.i.so]irv. Painting, Healing, Ventilation, Plumbing, etc., et<'., enai>les him to furnish designs nial reliable estimates to suit any i)roposevL ouiiay in Iniiiding. Ilcf givts special attention to economy in preparing .xjiecilicatioiis, designs and estimates, enabling iiarties iirojjosing to build to secure the best at the least possible cost. Any architect may make a building beautiful by costly ornamentation, lint Mr. Dunham .'secures beauty Aviiliou: much expense, as he knows the cost of every ornament lie design.s. Durability, beauty and economy are the ])rinciples on whi(;h he works, and the buildings he has erected show that he succeed*-; in an eminent degree in combining them. ST, .i(m\ \y\) ITS nrsfNKss. lo: Arrlii- nnd C. G. BERRYMAN, IMI'OUTl'.U OF General Hardware and Carriage Stock, No. 12 Charlotte Street, St. John, N. B. Mn. Behuvm.w bohmpfs to St. Jnlni, and lins lind nn pxi>f»rience in tliH iravihvnre biisiiifps extending over a period of '2Pt years. In April, l.'-i.VJ, ho wen* into llie store of \Y. H. Adams as clerk, and renir.ined there until the Spring; of IS.'iS. He tlien hotif^ht nut the busi- ness and leftSed the store of C. C. ^faodonaid, Xo. 1 1 King street, and coninienfed the Hardware l)usiness, with W. IF. Olive and W. H. Adams as ])ar1ners, under the style of Beri-j-man \' Olive. In the Kail of ISCri he retired from this firm, and the following Rin-ing started out alone, taking tlie new briek st(n'e just built on Barlow's Corner, No. o King street, which he oC(!uiiied for the next eleven years, and succeeded by close attention and judicious adver- tising in building uj) a ])rofitable and extensive business. Finding that Itusiuess was extending up King street and along Cluivlotte street, and that it would i)robabIy centre around the new ^Market Buildings about Iteing built, lie took a lease of one *-.f tlu^ stores in ,lnc];'s new building, Xo. I'J Ciiarlolte street, with every pro^qtect of liaviug liis anticipations realized. The country trade has ben steadily growing in imi)ortance for many years, and Mr, BerrynuuiV establisliment is in the nio.it conve- nient situation for customers who come to town with teams, or by the Intercolonial Ilailway, being but a slej) from the Country .\Iiirket, and directly on the route by which the great majority of countrj' people reach it. it is also aduiirably situated for city trade, being nearly in the centre of the town. The store is of convenient size, and is well adapted in every respect f(U" showing goods in such a manner that custonu-rs may readily si lect what they require. In atldition to his store in Charlotte street, he occupies ilcCul- lough's Brick Warehou.se, on Murlcet Squai'e, for the storage of heavy and bulky gooi's. ^Ir. IJerrynian makes a specially of Buiblers' Hardware and Carri- age Stock, keei)ing a full line of both, although his assortment of Ceneral Hardware is as full as thai of any House in the traxle. He imports direct, l)UYs close, and is able to give sjx'cial bargains to Whole.^ale and Uetail Ihiyers for cdsh, liis Irarle exteni. in. W. H. OLIVE, CUSTOM HOUSE BROKER, Forf arAi, CoiDissiOB, Railroad & Steainboat Apnt, - AGKXT I'OI! Walerong EHsiiie Works Co. niiil LdleH's Doiililc Turbine Walor Wlircls. OFFICE -130 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET. Mu. Oi.ivK was born in St. John. At tin' at(t' of "J I lie Ix'^uu :i Harilwnre l>iisint>s,«. In 18('»8, owing to lo8><'es sii.«-tiiiiit;(I, lie clotictl lii> Ptoro, anrl stnrto Engine Works Co, of Brantford, (hit., whose manufactures enjoy si high reputation ill these markets, lie is Agent for the Fire Kxtiii- guishers A[anufarturing Co. of Toronto; for f^t^ffell's Uouhle Turltiiic Water AVheel.s, which are not surpassed l)y any wheel ever inventerl : and for all kinds of Wood and iron Working -Machinery, lie als<« carries on a brisk Custom House and Forwarding business, and re- ceives large consignments from the lead roads in the world. ( Hivtt's St. John Baggage Express is an original idea with him, and grov.s in popularity every day, nobody bothering Avith baggage after once e.\- perieiicing the relief tliis institution affords. The Boston American Canadktn says, in an article on St. John: — "Those who are accjuainted in that city know that Mr. "^V. II. Olive is just the man to prove your friend at a pinch. * * * lli.s agents on the various trains, or steamboats, will take charge of the baggage and the persons of travellers, post them uj) in all matters reipiired. and deliver them safelj- and considerately, !o\' no otlier fee tlian u cheap expressage on the luggage. Goods 8hii:)ped to or through Si. John can also be consigned to him, and any business connected Avitli them, especially that at the Custom House, carefully attended tn. * * * Mr. Olive is in every way a ndiable man, — attending to hi.- own business, which is a large one.-- and accessible to idi, irre.vpecti\e of fees and profits. * * * Do iiot fail to enlist his .-terx ices if ynii need lielp in his line."' !?r. .UM!> ANU ITS UUSiSJiSft.. l(;i» Ajeflt, iliccls. REET. 1' Ik'^hh !i r yciivs lie Watcruiis s t'lijiiy ii I'p K.vtin- s Tiii'l»iiif invontivl : •; and IV- lOlx'O 1111(1 al Tick.'! (II !. iiikI is Tirkcl t ilCCillll- (llO Itfsl ivti's St. i^iMv,-? ill OUCC l'\- Joliii: — II. Olivr .■slliJClllS liaj^fjf.'iHv Mjiiired. tlmn ;i •ii;>-li S:. I'll \villi iided 1(1. !;■ to lii> • pcf'tixc S if \ W AUKllOrSE, UKKh's IilIM>INy tliwiii in NoMMiibfr, 187'>, to ,\. I-. Palm- er, l''..-'(|., tlic ]»iVM'nt iiroprictor, arc sitiuitcd at tlic iiioiilli of tlic .Mis- l>((;k Ifixcr, on llio Uay Sliore, dome ciglil or nine aulos to lla- eatjl- wiU'd of the city. TIk; wutur ijower furnislit'd by the Mi^ijeck, istlie tiiiost in tlii.'< part of tiio J'roviiicc ; and the .situatiuu of the MillM aiuoiij; the lofly bills of thai .st.'clion, i.s (.'.vtromoly pictuvesquo. Tliiri o.^lablishmciit was originally a woollen factory, and i|uito a bii.-^inoss in tin- nianiifactnro of Flannels and Iloniespuns was carried on for a time by the Conipanj', who subseies. i'inding, afler a trial of a yt;ar or .■^o that the manufacture of W(jol- len goods could not be jtrotUably pursued, that department of jnann- facture avus abandoned for the time being, and, with a considerable addition to the machinery in the Cotton department, attention wa.i given wholly to the manufacture of Cotton Yarn: by producing a Hrst- chiss iirtide, ami by steady i)erseverance in its introduction thnuigh- out the country, tlie character of the Misiteck Cotton Warp has at- tained tile very highest jjosition throughout the Maritime Provinces. In order to utilize a portion of the woollen machinery, Mr. Wood- worth has ior some time past given his attention to the subject of mfinufacturing Knitting Yarns, and has siu'cocded in producing not only a variety of superior " and 4 ply Yarns adapted to general pur- jioses, but also a material in imitation of the celebrated " Scotch I'in- gering," possessing all the best qualities of tlvc imported article, with the iKblitional merit of being far more durable. Tile Iiest native w(jol is used in tlw manufacture of these Yarns, and as tlioy can be sold at lower jirices than similar goods can l>e im- jMU'tedfor, there is no doubt but this branch of the business will soon lieconie a very imi»orlanf one. 170 ST. JOHN VNU ITS IlLSl.NLSa. BUSINESS PRUSPKCTS AM) I'OSSlBlLITIK.s OK ST. JO'LV. Hitherto we Imvu ,si»i)l i ii dI' bt. Jolin luurcly iif it has bouii ami as it Ih, and have said nolhiiifi; of what it is likely to be in the future. Yet no one who is well ac(iMRinte'l witli its i«».«ition and resources can '£8l!l PltOSrKCTS OF HT. JOHN. 171 • in Its agrictiltia-Hl refunirceH. Tliat these are yttrj' ample and valuable, Lat< been hIiowii by tliUHe well able to opuak uf tliem. The flne intervale lands of the St. John are unrivalled for their i>rodu(!tion of bay, and nre a never-failinj? uprin^? of wealth to their po»«jei*8or8. The uplands, though of varying quality, are in general adniirably adapted to the growth of grain and root crops, and much of them are «n»uri)a«»ed in thestt respects by any lands in the eastern parts of America. That New Brunswick, when somewhat weaned frtmi the lumber trade, will eventually be lllled up with a large agricultural )H>pulation, no one can doubt who knows the character of the lauds of this Province and the easy tenus on which they can be obtained. A settler in New Brunswick lives on the very threshold of civilization, within easy reach of the great nuirkets of the world. Whatever he produces he can sell to good advantage, and if his returns are not as great as those , of his brother of the Wcstem jtraries, his comforts and advantages are much greater and lie tloes not re(]uire to burn his gmin for fuel, for lack of wood, or of an accessible market. Careful cultivation and proper attention will yet make New Brunswick as fine an agricul- tural country as the lowlands of Scotland, which it equals in soil and far excels in climate. When that day arrived, St John as its princi- pal entreport and port of shipment, will have grown to five-fold itau present size. No rival can ever compete with it, for the trade of " New Brunswick, and the inevitable law of gravitation which operates in commerce as in nature, must always tend to augment the trade of St. John, for trade always naturally seeks the larger market. MIXKHAI, VVKALTH. Agriculture is, however, but one of the resources of New Brims- mck, and, although a highly iu4)ortant one, must be content to share ;, with others the honor of being the fomidation of its future prosjjerity :, The mineral wealth of the Province is very great, and both coal and iron are abundant. With regard to coal, the only beds worked at pre- sent are those of (Jrand Lake, but that is rather by reason of the prox- imity of other and thicker coal beds in Nova Scotia. It has been abundantly proved that a veil' large i)roportion of the area of the Province consists of coal formations, and, althougli the seams are not thick, they have the advantage of being near the surface and are easily wtn-kod. There can be no question tliut the mining of coal must in time become a very extensive industry. Careful calculations made by Prof. Bailey and other geologists, place the amount of coal available in this Province at a veiy high figure, and no doubt one rea- son why so few beds have been worked is the fact tliat so much of the ■country is covered by forests. As it is, new beds are continually be- ing discovered, some of them being extensive and valuable. The iron 172 BU8INKS8 PH08PECT8 OF ST. JOHN. foiunl in N»jw Brunswick is of the very fineht (juality, nnd our iron (U'posits In tini« bt'coine a ffreat source of wpaltli. The fact that they are not now imvlitotive, need (UscronragH tio one, nnd f)irni^l»e» no in- dicati(»n wlmtever of what they will be in the future. Th»' iron i» there and the material whtrewith to smelt it, and it is of sucii a tiuality as to comnmndthe very highest price. It is clear therefore that they must become extremely vnluHble. •■■' i • il' ' Anionff the other minerals found in New Bnm^^wick wp mfty men- tion antimony, miinganeze, sih'er, lead, plumlmgo and albortitf , some of which are now worked with profit, and all of which must eventu- ally prove valuable adjuncts to the industrien of the Province. When itj< mInerHl wealth i8 fully developed and its nuuierouH mines broujjht into successful operation St. John will not fail to feel the stimulating effects of the' j*enerftl prosperity and increase of wealth all over the Province. MANUFACTIRKS. As a manufacturinfif city St. .lohn already takes a respectable posi- tion, as has been already shown in the foregoing pages, but what St. .Folm is now in that regard can only be taken as a slight earaest of its future position with ivajject to manufactures. Now it mnnufacture* jiiainly for a local and limited market, and necessarily so, but that will not always be the case, and the time will come when St. John will be the greatest: manufacturing city in Canada. This may seem a bold, prophecj', but any one who examines into the matter will pre- sently be convinced of its truth. The main elements which go to make up a successful manufacturing town are, cheapness of fuel for the movement of machinery, cheap arid easy means of transit for the bringing of raw material, similar facilities for the distribution of manufactured {^oods, and cheap labor. We say nothing of capital or skill, which are both necessary for the successful caiTying on of manu- factures, for skill can be purchased and transplnuted and capital will go wherever it can be used to the best advantage. The matter of cheap labor may also be summarilydi^missed, for although Idbor in St. John cannot be truly called cheap, it does not differ materiallj' in that respect froitt other towns in Canada. Cheap fuel, however, we have beyond any other city in Canada. Our own coal mines and these of Nova Scotia furnish us with an abundant supplj' of fuel at a low rate and at All times accessible. "No city in the Upper Provinces can ever compete with us in this Jmrticular. Tlie sea, alsO, while it gives us the cheapest and readiest means of bringing fuel to our fac- tories is equally available for the carriage of taw material. On this broad and tmivcrsal highway whatever we want can be brolight to u» with the greatest 'facility and the greatest despatch, whether it be- MM lirSFNESH PKOSl'lXTS OF 8T. JOHN. 173 r<>tt<»n from Hit! Smith, siifjfnr fntui the West Indii'!*, or the products of iMiftem cliiiips. Our unrivalKvl position on tlio Bpfthoard, within fiisy reacli of all countries thai ran b<« npjtroachHl hy water, givt'H uh an cnorninuH udvantafjH with n>Ki)ect to inHnufripturinp^, The only re- maining element which remainn to be disci issed, the pospoppion of facllitiefl for the distribution of manufactured KT AXD DIIY. Tliere is one natural feature in which St. John bears a strong resem- blance to Liveii»col, and that is with respect to its tides, which at both ports rise and fall about 28 feet. Thii circumstance, while it is a serious drawback so long as the system of loading vessels at wharves Is pwsevered in, is an enormous advantage where docks are used. Tliere is no doubt that, at an early day, the construction of g vessels, esin-cially ocean steamers where hasta is demanded, the greatest inconvenience and gi'eac cost are incurred. owl J (ill th£ ma| Joll bo stril will herl BUSINESS PBOSPECTS OF ST. JOHN. 17. owing to the extreme rise and fall o*' the tide, and the i)eople of St, John will shortly be driven to erect uocks, nature th\is eomj>ellinj:j them to adopt a plan of dealinj; with resaels which in the end will make it impossible for any other Canadian port to compete with St. John in point of safety, cheapness and despatch. Wet docks should bo built first, but dry docks should follow and, when they are con- structtjd, there will bo no refvson why the great bulk of the vessels which rtMpiire to be overhauled, east of >'«nv York, should not come here to repair. A first-class dry dock at St, John would even brinpf many of Her Majesty's ships to it, insteaci of ,';(;ing to Bermuda to rejmir as the;, have to do now, for want of any -i.y dock at Halifax. Of course el! ttiese things would kec]) large Humbors of men employed, would in- crease the population of the city and ita prosperity as well. BATE VEUTK OANAI,. There is one public work which has boon already referred to in this volume which, when comyjleteii, must exercise a great influence on the f utuie prosperity of St, John ; we mean the Bale Verte Canal. Although a Nova Scotia cabal has t>ucceeded in postponing this great work for a time, it is quite out of the power of any party or j>ny cli(|ue to delay its contcii- tuaily to become, an immense commercial succeiis and a blessing to the whole Dominion of Canada. SHIPPING tRADE. It is scarcely possible to consider the future of St. John, without bestowing some attenlioji on the probable future development of i*^s shipping trade. Already the amount of shipping registered and owned in St. John i,s enormous. It is tlie fourth port of the Britisli Kmpire in point of tonnage. St. John now owns a fleet three tinit'r* as great .'tnd three t imes as costly as " that Great Fleet invincible," which, against our Mother Land, "bore in vain the richest spoils uf Mexico, the stoutest hearts in Spain," and which it taxed the united energies of Spain, Poituga' and Italy to complete. St. John has al- ways twelve million dollars worth of vessels on the sea. This is tl>e result of a people who are able to build wooden ships cIk a i^'y and well, resolving to build and run them on theU' own account <»; '• jap the protit. That this is a healthy and profitable trade "'as been abun- dantly proved by recont events. Tiie depression of bu^imiss in Europe and America has affected shipping as much as it Iv^ e*'er been affected in any ysar in which there was not an actual commercial crash and financial panic. Yet our large vessels have gone on doing a fair business, making less, of course, than in prosperous times, but still holding their own. And the reason is obvious, the world is wide, and our phips are on every sea. Ti-ade may be nmch depressed in one country, and still tolerably active in another. Ship-owning, therefore, is a safe business, if conducted by men who are possessed of prudence and of aiitiicient capital, and St. John will, we doubt not, continue to embark in it more largely year by year as the means of its pepiile increase, so that it is difficult to jn'edictto what proportions the shipping of St. John may grow. But it is an element of St. John's future wealth and prosperity which ja worth taking into ac- count, for the increase and development of shipoyrning in St. John during recent years has certainly beeA marvcsUous. THH GHAnD SOt^TITEnN HATI.AVAY. We have already spoken of the increase of railways in New Bruns- wick in a general way, and of the large tracts of country they were opening up to the future eprichment of St. John. We do not antici- pate for some years anj' great increase in our railway mileage after the roads, now under construction, are finished, except in one instance, wh COl pr( tio tra ont BUSINESS PROSPECTS OF ST. JOIIX. 1 i i le Erie lias clay com«s, led out to - fail ft>ca- )le8sing to 1, without lent of i^s tered and he Bntisli iree timt's ivincible," t spoils uf Uie unite0 or tk) miles nearer Boston and New York by rail than we arc now, and Ihftt circuinstanee must become a mn^t important factor in our ta-ade rela- tions with those cities. Il will likewise be the means of o^xming up a large tract in St. John and Charlotte Counties, which is believed to be rich in mineral wealth and to be worthy the attention of capital- ists. Equally important is the fact that it will bring us within four hours by rail of St. Stephen and Calais, the rising cities of the St. Croix and the future centres of large populations. The construction of this railway is, therefore, a matter of the very highest importance. EXTKBPBISK OF ITS BtTSINKSS MEN. All the iiatural advantages of St. John and all that art has done for the place would, however, be of comparatively small value but for the industry and enterprise of its people. Among its business men indolence and timidity find no place. They are ever ready to take advantage of their lionest trade opportunities, to extend their busi- ness by all fair means and to compete with other places where busi- ness men are inapt or insensible of their advantages. The men of St. John have a natural and becoming pride in the gi'owth of their city, and while each individual strives for himself, he justly regards tlie result of his labor as conducing to the general prosperity of the whole community to which he belongs. St. John until of recent years hasi never been a rich city, and want of capital has retarded it, but this difficulty is passing away. As its wealth increases the circle of its enterprises will widen, as it grows in capital it will gi'ow also in am- bition and, with a successiow of such hard working and enteiiirising •business men as it now possesses, that power doee not exist that can keep St. John back or prevent it from becoming, in the cours« of years, a great, wealthy and populous city. laTEBAHY AND SCIENTIFIC CULTURE. This very devotion to business, which has been of such advantage to fit. John in its general prosperity, has operated injuriously in another 178 BUSINESS PROSPECTS (W ST. JOHN. way. It has stifled all societies for literary culture, and all attemptw to improve the aesthetic tastes of the peojjle. St. John is so full o busy workers that almost every thing else but trade is neglected. There is no free public libravy in St. John and no public library of any kind worthy of the name. It would be impossible to find anywhere a city which offered fewer advantages for a litarary or scientific worker than St. John or one in which the results of his labours would be likely to be less appreciated. In these respects there is great room for improA-ement, and doubtless a few years will witness a great change. As capital becomes more abundant the time will come when the business of St. John will not be content to remain mere drudges, toiHtig from morning to night at the desk, to the neglect, not only of Science and Litei*ature but even of their social relations and of their own families, so that when they become easy in circumstances and able to retire from business, their habits have become fixed and they hp- no taste for anything but work. Th<)y have toiled long years to win wealth and leisure and these when gained yield them nothing but ennui and discontent. A VISION OF THE FUTUBK. And when the day arrives in which the people of St. Jolin, without being weaned from a proper attention to business, will find time to attend to those matters which enrich the mind and please the eye, they will look about them and see how highly their city has been fa- vored by nature in the matter of site, for health for beauty and for jncture^que effect. Not Rome, the city of the seven hills, nor the far- famed capital of Attica was more regally enthroned than St. John. (And by St. John we mean, not the mere city limits, but the adjacent districts which must eventually be united mider one municipal gov- emmient). Lying between two great rivers, it forms a territory abounding in beautiful lakes and pleasant brooks, pictiu'esque hills and delightful valleys. It is fanned by health giving breeaes from ocean and river, and on its margin is one of the most delightful inland yachting waters in the world. Here then is the sit* of the future city of St. John, a city which will be as beautiful and enlightened as it u prosperous and wealthy. A city where literary and scientific institu- tions shall flourish, and a free public library' place the richei^t stores of knowledge within the reach of all ; where pleasant parks shell be provided for the public recreation and Botanic gardens for the stu- dent and tlve admirer of flowers ; where legitimate sports and jms- times will be encouraged to vary the weary monotony of toil. Such we hope to see the St. Jolm of the future, and such it must eventual !\ become, great in commerce, in manufactures and in wealth, and atf,' tractiye in ail respects as well. ST. JOHN .\>;) ITS lU'SINKsS 17!) H. CHUBB & Co, CMlLNTFJRS J MO STJTIOjXI'yp.S, Chubb's Come:;, St. Jolir:, IT. B. Thk rounder >A ibis iin:i, whose liistory i.s coeval \Yith tlu' eaiiifst t'iit.'riirJ8t>.s of till' city, wiis ilonry Cliiihl), K?(|., who was horn in this ciiy, hi.«; father having; landfd heiv w itii the l.oyulislt^. Mr. Chuhb, wlien a boy, was xpjm'ii'.iced to Mr. Jacob Moit, tlic King's* Printer, and at a very early age— h^ig hel'ore his term of ai'prenticeshi]) liad expired — conducted l1:c work of the i)rinti]ig office for Mrs. ^tiotl,, wlio carrieil un the business after the death of her hu^Ilal;tl. In 181 1, Mr. Chub!) commenced, on hi.-* own account, the publica- tion of T/io \cw Uiitii.-twich- Courier, a weeldy issue, whicli was regularly and uninteir!;ptedly coniiniied by hiui.^elf and successors until ISO,".. In 1842, he to(dv in partnership Samuel Seeds, who was brouglit u)) in the l)nsiness by him. anr until I8(m, when G. J, Ciiubb bought cul his brother's interest and became sole proprietor, which lie now is, retaining slill the old style and title of II. Chubb ifc Co. Chubb's Corner— llie luifth-west coi'ner of I'rince Vv'iiliar. slreets- is, undoubtedly, the best known locality in the businc.-s section of the city, and has for a gi-eat many years been the chosen place for auction sales of siiips and real estati.\ more particularly for those that have taken jilaco by virtue of legal process. The new Post (MHce, adjoining which is the iiank of ^■ew 13runs\vick, occupies the south- west corner of Prince William and Princess streets, and tiie City Hall stands on the south-east corner, 'i'be Perry Lauding is but a step distant, and most of tlio travel to and froui Carliilon and tbi' West passes Chubb s. '^v. Banking and Exchange department of the business, m lo than ar vtlier, is benefited by the particulaily central location, as depart- ing and arriving travellers tiud it more "onvenient to sell or buy greenbacks and gt)ld at Chubb's than elsewhere. The reputation of the house has been spread abroad by almost everybody who ever 180 II. ClIUBH AND CO. visited St. Jolm, and travellers naturally ask for Chubb's Corner when they recjuire to effect monetary exchanges. This branch of the business has always been large since its establishment, and must ci3n- tinue to be so as long as Canada and the United States use two kinds of currency. The book and stationary department contains one of the largest stocks of school books, blank books, paper, envelopes, i)en8, etc., etc., in the city, including goods of every quality, style and price known to the trada. The business, both wholesale and retail, which is done in these lines is very large, and, as the goods are imported direct from the manufacturers in very large (luantities, the prices are as low as can be offered by any competitor. A large share of the Book and Job Printing of the Province is done at this establishment. With book, newspaper, general jobbing and card presses, driven by steam, a great variety of metal and wood type, and all the other jilant requisite in a Printing house, Messrs. Chubb & Co. are able to fill orders for the printing of Pamplets, Time Tables, Legal Forms, Show Bills, Business and Visiting Cards, Bill Heads, Posters, Circulars, etc., without delay and in the most satisfactory manner. Two or three periodicals are printed here, and avast amount of job work is done. As the plant is frecjuently renewed, and none but competent printers are employed, the execution of the work is highly satisfactory to patrons. Agents for Circusses, Concert Troupes, etc., v.ill find it to their advantago to order their printing of this house, and country dealers may send for anything thej' or their cus- t(nners require in the printing line with the certainty of being satis- fied with the character of the work and the amount of the charge. An extensive Jobbing Business is done in Fancy Goods, especially in Holiday lines, and a great variety is regularly dealt in at wholesale and reiail. Fishing Tackle has long-been a specialty of the house, the most ap- proved kinds of lines, reels, rods, flies and nets being kept on hand for the benefit of the sportsmen who whip the lakes and streams in the vicinity of the city for trout, or visit the North Shore Rivers for salmon. A large percentage of the many Americans who visit New Brunswick annually for angling purposes get their fishing tackle at Chubb's, ai'd recommend the friends who follow in their foolstejts to do likevrise. The Bindery is conducted by a workman of superior skill and taste, who gnin«'d a thorough knowledge of the niceties of the art in the . United States. His Avork is substantial in character, neat in design, and finished in every detail. Large or small orders for costly or cheap bindings are attended to as quickly as possible, and satisfaction guaranteed. ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. 181 L. H. DeVEBER & SONS, Wholesale Dry Q-oods and Groceries, No. 47 Prince William St. and No. 24 Water St. -0- L. II. DkYeuer, Esq., the founder of this house, was born in Bur- ton, Sunbury County, July 12, 1790, and came to St. John in 1807— at the age of seventeen — to seek his fortune, just as hosts of country boys leave their fathers' farms every year and enter on the ract* for wealth or the struggle for existence in the centres of commerrial activity. Boys from the farm, vigorous with the strength gained by an out-of-door life in the pure atmosphere of the country, free from habits of dissipation and extravagant tastes, eager to gain wealth and reputation, make the most successful merchants and the ablest pro- fessional men of everj' large city, and the youthful DeVeber, who came to St. John in 1807, was destined to become a striking example of this fact. St. John, in the first decade of the century, was not of much im- portance in comparison with the St. John of to-day, although it was of as much importance then as now in comparison with the rest of the Province. The city was only twenty-one years old wh«>n Mr. De- Veber came to it, and, although those years had been seasons of rapid growth and vigorous enterprise, its trade was small, its shipping in- significant, and its capital limited. There was no steam communica- tion in those days between St. John and the United States, between St. John and Halifax, nor between St. John and the towns and villages of the interior. Goods were procured at infrequent and uncertain times by sailing vessels, shipments were made without the aid of an Atlantic Cable in ascertaining the state of the distant markets, and business was done in the dark in comparison with the pres^^nt system of conducting commercial operations with the aid of telegraphic ad- vices and steam communication by land and water. In those dpys it reqaired greater foresight in launching enterprises or entering on speculations, and gi'eater patience in waiting for results, than at present, and the man who entered commercial life found no beaten path ready for him to tread. Mr. DeVeber, having the rare coml)ina'uon of qualities that wer« necessary for success in the hazardous walks of the commerce of that time, soon entered on a prosperous business career. After learning the details of trade while acting as clerk for Jame.n Codner, whose place of business was on thf'oM Coffee House Corner, My. DeVeber associated himself with Richard Sands, the firm name 182 I,. Jl. DEVE15KR AND SOXS. Ix'in^f Richard Sands i^v: Co. Tliis was alxmt tlic year ISIl', when Irado was (lisdirbed, ami conaucivial transactions almost paralyzoil, l)y tlic brealving out oi' -v^ar between (iroiit Britain and the United States. The business was nninterrupted, liowever, during tlie pro- ^qcss of that unnatural struggle, and continueanics and trade stagnations, to its present proportions. Ill I.S4S llichard S. DeVeber, the eldest son of the founder of the business, was admitted as a ]jartner, and Ui 1S.")5 J. S. Boies BeVeber, another son, became a partner, the name and style of the lirni being L. II. DeVeber i^ Sons. In ISoC) the senior retired, but no change was made in the name of the tlrni. The tirm's investments in enterprises outside of their regular busi- ness have been very large during the past few years, and hundreds of people have been given employment in their lumbering, milling and ship-building operations in difierent parts of the Province. Tho itrincipal place of business has always been in Prince "William street, and the house has suifereil severely from the many disastrous tires with which the street has been visited. The founder of the house, altliough in his eighty-sixth year, attends almost daily at his office. He has always been noted, not only for his great business activity and strict integrity, but for open-handed liber- ality to religious and charitable objects. The junior partner is member of the Parliament of Canada for the City of St. John, having been elected thereto liy acclamation to sujjply the vacancy created by the appointment of Hon. S. L. Tilley to the Lieutenant-Governorship of ^'ew Brunswick, and again by a large- majority at the general election of ISTo. ST. .lolIN AM) ITS Hrsr>KSH. IS« M. D. & H. A. AUSTIN, Inijiorlcrg ami Dta'crs in liiiiubrr, firocorics, I'rnvisioiis, FIniir, Heal, Pork, Fish, lime, N'aiN, CorJa^'c, Paints, Oils, Oakum, Tar, Pilch, ,iVc. Robertsons Whai'f, .... IN DI AN lO W N. N. B. Mil. .\[. 1). AiHTiN was born at Scotch Town, (inmd Lake, Queen's Co., in JSoO, uiulAvas e2 lie came to St. "Jolm and enf:;aged as a cleric in the slove of II. Uoherlsun, Ksq., who at that lime was one oi' the jirincipal niercliants in I'orll.ind, Imt has lon^ since retired* from business. In the spring of 18.V) Mr. Austin opened a general (Irocery business for himself in Robertson'd liuild- ing, Hobertson's Wharf, Indiautown, on the site of the ]»reini.5rs now occupied, and, meeting with good success, steadily eulargud iho stock and extei:ded Ills business. Fn the spring of 18(54 his brother, Jfenry A. Austin, who had for some years been associated with Mr. Andrew Hasting.- as clerk and partner, entered into jiartnersliip with him under the nume and style of .M. D. A: II. A. Austin, antl the business was continued with in- creased energy and success. in the fall of I8t>4 the Messrs. .Vuslin were burned out in the great tire that destroyed the business portion of Indiautown, being (july partially insured. They immediately rebuilt on their own account, and the building was again swept away by fire in tlie fall of the fol- lowing year, the fire having originated in premises leased to other parties. Most of the property about them was consumed. The in- surance amounted to about seventy-live per cent. A building lOOft. x .')(>ft., three and a half stories high, was then erected by the firm, and, together with a warehouse in connection, GOft. x OOft., is now filled with the merchandise in which they deal. They have ke])t adding to their stock until it embraces many different lines, and have on Iiand about everything that is recpiired for the supply of mills, ships, lum- berers and farmers. Their exten.sive salesroom and warerooms give ample facilities iov the storage iind display of articles of every de- scription, and tlie np-rivei ])eop]e who visit them usually Jind all they recpiire without seeking further. This is the oldest house in Indiautown, and, in the line of Groceries, it does probai)ly the largest business of any house at tlu; mouth of tlu' St. John. Its luisiness in several other lines is also very heavy. Its interest in the lumber manufacture is large, as it furnishes supplies for extensive logging and sawing operations and buys and exptn-ts many cargoes of deals, boards, etc., annually. Mr. II. A. Austin is a member of the Provincial Parliament of \ew Brunswick, having been chosen thereto at the head of the ]»oll for the City and County of St. .John, in the general election of 1874. 184 ST. JOHN AND TTS BUSINESS. BERTON BROTHERS. WHOLESALE MERCHANTS, AND DEALERS IN WEST INDLV PRODUCE, London Grocery Goods, Paints, Oils, &c., B9 Dock street, ST. JOHN, N. B. Thk menibors of this firm aro Messrs. ■Willinm J. nnd Samui'l D. Bortoii. Their anccstcirs were Loyalists. Mr. W. J. Ikrton was born in I'rodericton, Avont into the Crown LanJ OfHce when (jiiite young, remained there some years, and was then appointed Deputy Commis- sioner and Deputy Surveyor of Crown Lands for Gloucester Co., and removed to Balhiirst. After five or six years he resigned his posi- tion, returned to Fredericton, and entered on the management of the branch of W. H. Street's business at tliat place. After six years' ex- perience in this capacity he came to St. John for the purpose of go- ing into business with his brother. Mr. S. D. Berton was born in Charlotte Co. He came to St. John in 1834, and was employed as a clerk by Street iS: Eanney, Wine Mer- chants, remaining with them and their successor, W. II. Street, mitil 184(). In 184(5 Messrs. W. J. and S. D. Berton formed a partnership and began business in general merchandise, occupying the premises of L. H. DeVeber Sc Sons in Water st. In 1853 the senior member retired from the firm and went into milling operations at Miianiichi, the business being conducted as usual by Mr. S. D. Eerton under the style of Berton Brothers. In 1858 Mr. W. J, Berton returned to Si. John and again became associated with his l)rother. The business was renoved to extensive premises in Smith's Building, Water st., and re- mained there until 180."), when it was moved to the jn'esent stand, of which the firm have since become proprietors. After moving to Dock st., the Messrs- Berton entered more exten- sively into the wholesale liquor trade, in connection with their gene- ral business, ranking among the hea^iest im])ortera in the city. In 187- they svitlidrew altogeilier from the liquor trade, and confined their business more immediately lo Commission and General Import- ing, making specialties of Tens and West India Goods, and have ex- tended their operations very generally throughout the Maritime Pro- vinces. Their iiuilding is UOl't. x 32U't., has entrances on both Dock and Nelson streeis, and its four fiats afford room for the storage of a large stock of goods. Mr. S. D. Berton, in 1857, accepted the Secretaryship for New Brunswick of the Life Association of Scotland, an oflice that has al- ways stood in higii favor, and has established a network of rgenciea throughout the Province and gained the Association an exten.eive business. ST. .lOlIX .VXI) ITS lUSIVESS. 185 .PRODUCE, NT, N. B. Sanuu'l I). n was born lito youIl^^ ly ConimiH- ter Co., and d his posi- iicnt of tins X years' ex- pose of go- o St. John "Wino Mer- it reet, until lersliip and niises of L. hiT retired niiclii, the SY tlie stylo Si. Joint siness was St., and re- t stand, of ore exlen- tlieir gene- city. In id confined al Iniport- [ '.lave ex- itinie Pro- botli Dock orage of a p for New hat has al- f rgencieft 1 extensive NEW DOMINION Steam Biscuit fflamifactory and Confectioiery Woiis, No. 120 Prince William Str^^et. Mn. JoTix CuuniK, tlie proprietor of the N'ew Donuninn Steam IMscuit and Confectionery Wurk.s, was born on tlie Island of Ulva, Western Highlands of Scotland, in the year 18'J(), and was api)renticed to Scott, Confectioner and Pastry Baker, Candlerigg street, Gla.sgow, when (piite a young lad. After serving iii.-i time he was engaged to come to St. John as Manager of a Confectionery and Pastry hu.'rience for fuiure use. Returning to St. .John Mr. Currif was engaged as Manager of John C. Mcintosh's Confecti(mery estsiblishment, in whicli ca!)acity he served six or seven years, and, on Mr. Mclnlosli's retirement, suc- ceeded to the business and formed a partnership witii (Jeo. Lord. Currie & Lord carried on liie confecLi(niery and i)astvy business at 4.") Dock street from that tinu-, whicii was about t a years ago, until May, 1871, when Mr. Currie dissolved tlie partnership and sot up for himself in the ju'emises which he now oceu])ies. The Xew Dominion Works are sup[)litil with patent ovens 'or baking all kinds of biscuit a;i I ship bread, sugar mills for griii'liiig the sugars used, and al)out as large a stock of new and improvecl machinery for the manufacture of Machine Candies of every descrip- tion as can be found in the MaritiiiK; Pr'.)vinces. The nnichinery is driven by a 14 horse-power engine. Crystali/ed Confecti<)nery, Con- fectionery Comfits, Boiled Sugar Goods, Lo/enges and Syrups of all desirable descriptions are also made of pure materials in the highest style of the art. Thirteen Bakers and Confectioners are now em- ployed, but more are kept busy when Ijusines^^s is good. The pay-roll averaged §80 per week last year, and about COO bbls. of sugar and 1,000 bbls. of Hour were used. Tlie goods are sold piincipallj' at wholesale, being sent to all parts of the Lower Provinces. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. !/j V, 1.0 I.I 1.25 12.2 112 us 2.0 1.8 1-4 ill 1.6 V] <9 //, 'el O ^l. / /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 I ^ ^^ isd ST. .roMv \s'.) ITS nrsiNTss. O. R. S. ISBISTER, Hoise, Slip, Sip ani MmM Painter, Nos. 53 and 57 Dock Street. Till', hATK Jas. I.siiiSTEU, EsKj., H native of Seittland, bepjfin tlio I'.iintint; business in St. Jolin iiboul .'.(• yenrs a;j;<), iind ^;ain('(.l a larj^f* share (if sliip iuj I liousu win'k by ivaduu uf liis .>kiil uu.'(n done liere. House work, of every iaiul, is ^dven special attention, the be^t workman l»ein;j; employed under the personal sui>ervision of the pnt- prietor, and every effort leini; inuile to give p'orfect satisfaction to the most critical las:e. .Mr. Is'iister has had no fewer than three hi ulred an.l fifty cus'oniers in this class of work, which is sniHcient proof of the skill and faithfnlness with whic'.i he executes the commis- sions with which he is entrusted. Anexi:nin'iiion of Mr. IsbisU-r's bo )ks shows that he and his fatlier have liad ch^irije of the painting, eliding and ^rainin<;" of one Innidred and six vessels. Amonu; this Lir^e nuniljer are many u[ the finest s! lips that wore ever built at tiiis port— shir^is tliat would favorably «;o;njiare ftn* the beauty and taste of their interior finis'.i and decora- tion with any in the world. Mr. Isbis.er's reputation in this brancli of his business is unsurp>is.-.ed by that of any other man in the profes- sion, and he continues to lead all of his numerous rivals. \n idea of the extent of tliis liusiness may be fo^'nied from the fact that even at this exceptionally dull period -Mr. Isbister hnstwenty-tive ivorkmen on his staff. The Paint Shop is next to the room es])ecially devoted to Sipjn and Ornamental -.vork, and on the lower ll.it is a salesroom and olfice, the biiildiuj; being situated in one of thi.- b.'st businei?s locations in tlie City. Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty, Varnishes, Gold Leaf, and all the re- (juisites for Painters' use, are kept on Innd, and may b^ obtained at the lowest market rates. Pictures an 1 Pi>:ture Frames are also kept in stock. ST. J(JI1N AM) ITS BUSINESS. '187 fi-ilbert's Lane Woollen Mill and Dye Works, ST. JOHN, N. B. Tiii.s ImsinoKd w.is s'lirU'd altont five years nfjo by Messiv. A. Willis iuul J. II. Smith, who ('u;^n,:^^', the Wonlltn Mill, with all its niiirhinery, was SOxJr>teet, one story, (ittods are received at the odiee, rejji.stercd, as!ye House, a Toom2.')xS0 feet., is supjdied with tubs for dyeing frini b» to 20 colors simultaneously. A steam Wa-thing Machine cleans as much cloth, coars;; or fine, in fifteen minutes, as t.v > nrni could in a day, and a steanwlriven Hydroextra(;tor dries ."»() to UK) dresses in live minutes, without the slightest injury to the most delicate fabrics. In thp iijipor flit are the Steam Dyeing, Cylinder, General Finishing and Ijace Curtain rooms, the latter being cii)able of turning out KiO cur- tains daily, linisheil in a style that makes them look as good as new. It pays to have curtauis cleaned here instead of at home. The steam- heated Cylin lei*, on which goods are dressed and dried without a wrinkle, is on ) of the largest that is u.;;'d for the jmrpos > in America. A Frame for finisliing silks, Irish pojilms and silk velvets is some- thing new. Tile pilo is raiseK, which he had undertttken to discharge, should bo ]»hiced in the hands of another, and forbidding its meml)ers to work for him when he rei'usetl to obey its mandale. Tlien Mr, McDermott became ti Stevedore, gatliered a large force, and did mo.-^t (jf the loading and discharging until June, 1875, wlien the Society members struck, refusing to work with men who did not belong to their organization, or for merchants who r'miiloyed outsiders. The merchants, who had long submitted to the fixing of wages, the regiila;ion of lu'urs of work, and the making of laljor rules and reguhiiions generally, by t^is society, were fully aroused bj' this last exhibition of tyranny, and resolved to Ught for emancipation from a power whose exactiojis and pre'ensions seemed to know no limit. They turned, in tills crisis, to Mr. McDermott, wiio detached a few (.if his old employes from the .Yssocintion, gathered a force of inexperienced men fi-om ciiy an'l coiuitry, and went to work loading tlie vessels that had been abandoned by the .Association Steve- dores and laborers. By a judicious distribution of las skilled hands among the beginners, and constant supervision on his own part, the work wiiit on so well thuL the shippers suffered only slight delay. The civic authorities guarded the wharves with special constables for a time, and Mr. JlcDermott and l.is men wore arms for their own de- fence, but no attack was made. The result was that the L. 13. A. was thoroughly hundiled, and, after holding out until a great many had deserted its ranks, decreed that its members might work where and with Avhom they could, and for wdint they could get. The gratitude of numy of the' merchants wasstiown to ilr. McDermott by the em- ployment of other Stevedores as soon as thi- L. B. A. had been over- tlirown by him. Mr. McDermott is Stevedore for the Anchor Line, and has already handled eleven steamships this season, Refkukxcks : Scammell Brothers, Hall iK: Fairweather, Robert J, Leonard, Alexan- der Gibson, James G, Jordan, E. D, Jewett i^- Co., Wni, A. Robertson, Guy, Stewart & Co., Carvill, McKean & Co., Troop & Son, Turnbull & Co , George S. DeForest. ST. JOHN AND ITS BUSINESS. 189 [•, Jitry from 3d by this ncii)ation to know ott, who alhored a t to work onSteve- ed hands part, the it delay, tables for own de- , A. was uany had lit 're and [gratitude the em- en over- hor Line, nicxcKs : Alexan- obertfon, irnbiiU & IRA CORNWALL, JR., Ftrc, Life, Accident and Guarantee Insurance Agents 23>i PR! N(?E WILLIAM O STREET. Mn. CouNWALL, whose father was a wealthy farmer, was born in Kent Co., Ont., Sept. -0, 184(5, both of his pai'ents being descended from U. E. Loyalists. Being obligeil to leave his school at Sandwich, Ont., when (piite young, on account of ill-heulth, he entered a grocery store in Deti'oit, Michigan, where he remained some time. He then removed to Thamesville, Ont., and attended school, devoting i)art of his time to assisting in the Post Office and a general store. He also, at this period, carried on a lucrative business with the Indians, man- ufacturing and supplj'ing them with bullets and other articles which they required. His next move was to Hamilton, Ont., where he was llrst engaged in a grocery store, next in a wholesale boot and shoo store, and was then i)laced in cluirge of tin; leather depot of a large tannery. During this time he employed his leisure hours and even- ings in studying at a commercial college. ]n 18GG, in response to a call fur vulunteers to repel the threatened ' Fenian invasion, he joined the l."lli Regt. as a private and went to the front, rising tu the rank of Color Sergeant while in active service. After .six months in barracks at V»'indsor, and : ubsequently serving the full time recpiired l>y law, he was ulfereil a commission to rejoin the Regiment. After returning from tl.e frontier, he entered n dry goods house in Hamilton, and soon became head clerk. While in this employment ilr. Cornwall acted as resident correspondent of the Volunteer Itovicic and MiUlai'n (lud Xacal Oazeile of Ottawa, and, owing to the satisfaction ho gave, he was engaged as its Travelling Correspondent and General Agent. On account of the remarkable suc- cess with which he disciiarged these duties, he was ofTered an interest in the journal. Declining this offer he started, with a brother-in-law as partner, the United fierike Gazdte in tl:e same interest. Sliortly after launching this periodical, he received a liberal offer from Messrs. T. iS: 11. White, publishers df the Hamilton Duily >Sjjecfatur, the Churchman's Magazine, the Ontario Farmer, and the Craftsman and Canadian Masonic Remrd, and, disposing if his interest in the U. S. Gazette, he became General Agent and Correspondent for the Messrs. White's publications, travelling through Canada and a porti(m of the United States in this capacity several times each year. When the Messrs. White removed to Montreal and became proprietors of the Gazette, Mr. Cornwall travelled as General Agent and Correspondent 190 n{.\ <'tR'r>.vAT.L, JR. of that journal. His ti ''i u'lil vi-it.-* to tli«> Maritime' Provinces imh- vincol liiiu that Nf\v nnmswick's fu'ur*' *.van to Ijc pMsjiiTou."*, ;.iii|, forniiufi * l''J)li ojiiiiion of l!io jieople ani their nu'lliods of jtBOjIG iiencral A)4t'ncy of tlm Mutual Lift; A;«i!iK-iati'7 which was carried on with success until Jnae, IH71, when ilr. ('.ir;i- Avall, havinj:» e.^tablij^Iied a f^ood Insurance Iniiiini'M, ilclfrniined t. dovote his whole enorirics to that branch, and accordinf;Iy reti, -! from tlie firm, refainin;^ thft fieneral A^jency for the Marilimp. I'; i- vincei! of the Mutual Life Association of Cana/bi, and almost ir.nii.- diately obtained the fieueral Apjencj' of the Chi/xm J'ire, Life, Adi- dent and (luurantee Co. of Montreal. lie has been remarkably sik- cessfid in iiushinij the interests of these Conii»aniee, havin;jj alroa^Iy obtained for them a larj^e siuire of the Insurance business of ih. Mariiime Provinces. Jlis aim is to repre.Hcut the best Imnm Conijia- nies only, bein;; a thorough believer in hrjnie institutiiuisof all kiinls. The Miiluiil Tiife Associa^iim is the onlj- jiurtly mutual Canailii Company that has been licensed to do InisineiiH in the Dominion, i;ti..| is a safe and jjrosperous Company. Tiie Citizens' i-* a stron;jj HUn-k Company of large capital, and ouers jjevfect securily in the lines (i Life, !''ire. Accident and (Juarantee busin<-ss. li' 1874 Mr. Cin-nwall purcliased the Maritime Trnih Rn-ieu', which he has gradually worked up to financial success. His long journuli>- tic training, general knowledge tif trade in many different lines, ami the experience gained by ten yeai's' travel, eminently (jualify him tn direct the i»ul'licatinn of such a periodical. Mr. Cornwall was unaramou.»ly elected Secretary of the Manufac- turers' and Mechanics' Kxhibition, to T»c held this Fall, although theiv weresixtee'i candidates, and is Secretarj- of the N. IJ. .\dvisuebec Kxhibitions is very useful, and enable- him to give the utmost satisfaction. Mr. Cornwall has written and published pamjjhlets on various com- mercial subjects, nnil has recently issued one in connexion with the <• iming Kxhibition, containing much valuable information. In thi- pamphlet, and in other ways, he endeavors to excite a deeper interest in home manufactures and in the oiJening up of foreign markets fur our productions. Each of the I)usiness changes made by Mr. Cornwall was the result of careful consideration, and pr()ved to his advantage. The varieil experience acipiired in his different employments is most invalua- ble to 1 im. He holds the warmest written \et>timonial8 from all hi- former employers. The Montreal 6^rtrf//<- announced the severing el his connection with that journal as follows: *' Few men have achieved a more desened business popularity throughout Canada than Mr. Cornwall, and 'or ourselves we sever re- lations which have lasted for seven years, with the greatest regret. Scrupulously honest and exact in all hLs trAnsactions, he cannot fail to succeed." Ilis breihren of the many appreciative notices. Pres3 of Caiiiida also gave him Mil. Yo r.ide in lohn rive; mith sho ide and v rou work toryshop »et, and ii i Peters )uring all Hitting in A little live of bol tiisiness, a I Sydney liid .Xiit V\ Vfter this I'pon sh Machinery liired to ti iiie hundr< )()wer ste uanufactu II vented a any bef In carrii uanufactu ivorkmen, 1 manner, he start. )etent in r H'ise. Wi apidly in I rovinces nin osperous, iiiid lldi's of (]it\]]'^ ■ in St. J. Mill ivinff ohtdiii.MJ )iisf8, ami th, lada, bt'S'ii :: John in 1>71. It'll i[r. Coni- li'leriuiiKMl \., liii^Iy ivti,..! larilirae I';'i- aluKiijt iiMiii.- re, Life, Aiei- iiarknltly sik- iiviii}^ alroii'iy isiness of ili.- llniiHi CoillJ):!- isof all kill! Is. Iltllill Cailflib: Jominioii, j.n.l Ktvon;^: Stuck II the liueis nt Review, wliicli Dili; jouvnaii.- L'lit linos, ami ii;;lify liiin t^ tile Maiiiifac- ihou^li tlu'iv vitfory Boavi! , ift the \h'\- e experieiid' and enable^ arious com- ion with till' ion. In lliii' l)pr interest uiai'kels fur iis the result The varied opt inviiliia- from all hi> ST, JOHN AM) ITS UlSINESS. I»I LEVI H. YOUNG, iteam Carriage Factory and Repository, General Iron Work, ^c, Noa. 11 and 13 Waterloo Street. ])opuIarity we sever re- itest rep-et. cannot fail t ii'iive him Mn. YouNO is a native of St. John. He learned the hlncksniith rade in Sussex, King's County : then worked throe years on the St. oiui river, and came to the city in 18r54 and started a small hlack- milh shop east side Waterloo street. T!ie next year moved to opposite ide and enlarpjed hi.-< busine.«s into carrin're nnr! nil kinds of heavy rim work. In ]fi()0 he leaseil adjoinin;; land nnd. erected a three t()ry .«ihop, 7.'>x.">() feet, and three years after nin-le an extension of thirt j' •I't, and al same tinif^ leased the adjoining brick building on corner if Peters and Waterloo streets, a i>ortion of which he occupies. )iiring all this time he wa.»* prospering and enlarging his business lilting in a wnod work, painting and trimming shojt. A little after, in cf^iniiany with partiier.*-, he wont into the manufac- lae of bolts for carriage work, in an adjoining shop, which did a fair iisiness, find in 1871 the concern set up on a large scale on the corner I Sydney and Uniop streets — called the '" Xew Brunswick Screw Bolt liid .\ui Works " — into which a large amount of maciiinery was placed. Vfter this factory liad been running about a year, it was closed. L'pon shutting down this concern, Mr. Young at once procured new iiacliinery, which he put into his present prem'ses, and is now piT- liired to turn out a ton of bolts per day. lie has had in one order iiio hundred tons of bolts and five tons of washers. A fifteen-horse- )t)wer steam engine operates the machinery, and besides bolts, he nnnufactures leg screws, axles, spikes, and heavy iron Avork. He has iivented and patented a machine for making iron washers, superior any before in the market, and meeting with general favor. In carriage repair his factory has eveiy facility, and carriages are uanufactured to some extent. Work is here executed by skillful ivorkmen, about thirty in number, and in so prouijit and satisfactory 1 manner, that the business of the establishment has increased fuom le start. Mr. Young iias been a hard working man, thoroughly com- tetent in all the details of his work, and is full of energy and enter- )rise. With such stuff as he possesses, St. John cannot fail to advance apidly in its mechanical industries. 1{)2 ST. JOHN /ND ITS lirsi?rE88. ST. JOHN CONFECTION WORKS, No. 24 Charlotte Street. Mn. Mattiikws let- ed and carried on the confectioneiy business in Boston for several years, where he did some of the first-class work for one of tlio celebrated establishments of that city. Ho camo to St. •John in 1858, and opened a retail store on Prince William street, in the premises now occupied by Sheraton, Son & Skinner. He had a fine assortment of confections, and it being the first of the kind here was regarded as a great novelty, and for a long time was the centre of attraction and popular wonderment. So great were the throngs in and about the place, and so much obstruction was causcl by the crowds upon the sidewalk in front that the police were obliged to interfere to keep a passage open through the press. For the few first years he was only able to manufacture enough to supply his own rt^tail trade, but other places of sale of such goods having opened, his manufacturing facilities allowed him to keep a stock for wholesale trade, which has increased from that time to the present, and extends all over the Lower Provinces. Mr. Matthews continued in Prince William street five or six years, and then moved to the head of King street about 1863. In 1869 he purchased and moved to the present premises in Charlotte street. Mr. Matthews has always had the confidence of the community in the purity and excellence of his manufactures, and has received a generous and increasing patronage. He has continued from the first in the front rank of his line of manufacture, dealing in nothing but his own handiwork, and able to give the most perfect warranty of his goods. An inspection of his establishment at once shows him to be a mas- ter of his art, w^hich is displayed in so many sweet and tempting forms, and in such variety and quantity children gaze in at the win- dows with longing eyes and watering mouths, and believe the estab- lishment the very centre of paradise, while the delight with whicli it has sweetened the joys of Christmas tide is only within the bounds of a poetic imagination to estimate. Mr. Matthews is capable of any ornamental work, which he is ready to execute to order. He has made contributions of his art at several exhibitions and been awarded first premiums. While he attends per- sonally to all the details of manufacture, his retail trade is attended by members of his family in a style which makes the establishment jjleasant to patronize. Its wholesale trade has now become quite ex- tensive, and its reputation for superior goods firmly established. 8T. JOHN AXD ITS BUSINESS. 1 SKi R. D. McARTHUR, Medical Hall, No. 46 Charlotte Street. amas- ?mpting the win- [unds Is ready 1 several Ids per- ptended shment kite ex- Mn. RoBKiiT D. McAnxmB was bom in the St. John Hotel build- inff, King Scjuare, St. John, in 182.'», and Iiegan his studies with the late Dr. Livingston, who kept a Drug Htore at that time in the build- ing now occupied by Heard and Venning, in 1838. Giving up his in- tention of going to College, on account of the death of his father, he devoted himself to the Drug business, remaining with Dr. Livingston ten years and becoming thoroughly versed in the profession. In November, 1847, Mr. McArthur began business for himself in King street, and was burned out in the following iilareh. In the Fall of 1848 he secured a store in the building adjoining his present premises, (now occupied by A. Macauley), and conducted a prosper- ous business there for three years, when, not agreeing with the land- lord on the amount of rent to be paid, he removed to the St. Stephen Building, North Side King Scpiare. Everybody told him that no business could be done there, on account of its being out of the track of trade, but, by judicious and liberal advertising, he soon attracted a fair share of City and Country patronage. Twenty years afterward, in 1870, he moved to the desirable loca- tion in which he is now doing business. Nearly at the head of King street, facing King Square, only a f ow steps from the Comitry Market, and in the immediate vicinity of a score of hotels, the site is one of the best in the City for the business. The building is three stories high and has an excellent cellar, thus affording ample room for stor- ing and displaying goods. The stock comprises Drugs, Patent Medicines, I'erfunierj', Toilet Articles, Paints, Paint Oils, Window Glass, Varnishes, Turpentine, Dye Stuffs, etc., and specialties are made of Cigars and Soda Water. , The Soda Fountain is one of the finest and most elaboi-ate in the liominion, and the Soda Water is made on the premises with a ma- chine that was manufactured in St. John. Mr. McArthur served in the Common Council for nine years conse- cutively, representing Prince Ward as Councillor for four years and as Alderman for five years. 1U4 MT. .10UK AND ^TS ,UU/iINp^.. W. TRBMAINE eARP, Gl- o 1 d M xn 1 1 la. stxx^L «r o:x;«r e 1 1 o ar , . siAsr SDUsnra, no, n ossjiAiir sr., (0Or. ntXNCFes). -() — Mk. Oaui) is a nativt' of St. Jolui, .rad bcfjan to l»»ain tlw OoUlsmitli unci Jewellorj' businesfl with his brother, Thomas I), (iaitl, in this city fifteen years ago. After workinf,; for the I)c6t Jewellery houses liere, and leamini; all that was to be learned in them, he went to IJoston and served three years in the work«hoi) r)f a leaditijj (ioldsniith and Jewel- ler, lie then went to New York, and worked at making Hne gold Jew- ellery, and Diamond Setting, his object being to gain a complete mastery of eveiy branchof liis cho.«<(;n profes«on. Retuniing to St. John, a few years ago, Mr. Gard began businejus for himself Tliere was not much demand for loyed in the establishment, and a separate room, carefully guarded from dust, is devoted exclusively to his use. This is a gi-eat improvement on the ordinary method of ex- posing the delicate works of Watches to the dust of the workshop or salesroom. A small but select and carefully assorted stock of the best Watchee,^ Pine Gold Jewellery, Diamonds, Pearls and other Gems, is kept on hand, and purchasers may rely implicitly on every article being just what it is recommended to be. Wedding Rings are made at the shortest notice. The salesroom is handsomely decorated, and, being near the Victoria Hotel, the Post OfRce, and King street, attracts the attention of many of the visitors to St. John. A large Fire and Bur- glar-l^roof Safe guards the articles left for repair. Mr. Gard is strictly temperate, devotes his whole atteiiti(»i to bis business, and enjoys the confidence of the whole community in his skill and integrity. ( nitli city and tvel- ow- lete less hi» •led 3 to her ion j»i- nd- ed, the pis L'en the '**• "y I a. ^« ?x- or on ist he iB Mi