IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k^ ^ 4^' 1.0 1.1 1.25 ■» lU 12.2 E u ^" U ||.6 Sdeioes Carparation ^ 4!^ ^ m V ^^s ^. 23 WIST MAiN STMIT VMUTM.N.V. MSM (7U) •73-4S03 S CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inttituta for Historical Microraproductiont / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Tachnical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquas Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. 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Les diagrammes suivants illuttrent la mAthode. rrata to pelure, n A n 32X 1 a s 1 2 3 4 5 6 IkK ■.{ 't. f 'S *» ^;\v.? ■1^ ^ 1^^ i^ "^*?~**^ fo£i /**^r ;-^ SSS" 'at SI V?? << / ■••^ NSK.. :• "Si ^^i f^ ■■ r(W dimna%firHt duqmntJPnupe-x , m . \\ ■"■* i.m^ x .#. ■# ^': "\i '»'^ . /- ,■>' ft ki-Lttiti.' .'Mb^lUa^- " s •*■ u t. The ATURAL HISTORY ANIMALS CONTAINING THE ^natomtcalldefmpttiitt OV SEVERAL CREATURES iJjsSected Blr The Royal Academy iSCIENCEVat PARIS. WHEREIN The Coniftrudion^ Pabrick and jgenume Ufe of the Parts^ are ex- a^Iy and finely delineitcd in Copper Plates, and t^ whole Enriched With many Curious Phybcal and no lefs deiil Anar tomiaal Remarks^ being one of the mod Coniiderable Produ- (ftions of that Academy. Ikue into Englijh by a Fellow of the Royal Society. To which is added An Account of the Meafure of a Degree bf a great Circle of the Earth, Publiihed by the Members of the fame Academy : Englilli'd by R. W. SRS, With an AifhshttittU Tdle of the Names of tlie feveral Animals mentionM in this Volume. And likewife an Jlfhakftiul hdex to make the Work Compleat. Publifli*d by an Order of Council of the lUipai i&OaCtp 7 Z, 6 N DO N, , ,. > Printed tot R. Smithy at th& ^A^e/and Bihie without TmpU^Virr, 1702. « ^' ». /'\ I f . i -, ■• T 1 /.:■ u;' ' ; ^ ■# 0-'"' % i '.'VJ-M: \ t t 1 , 1,, T * ^? -^ i; t-j > • / , > j i, h; :-. .t X- '"i •I <» ./ 1 'T XT V 1 »" '' r. 1 >- . yt ii. ii - f ,( ^. .«'i'^UJ f.. 1. a- *r: l^, .i.-.i''! »!.••••?"; . /dfin t'-jl-.v 'y ~— ' - 7 -: . -.. .. ' .\ U :n^ -^uC .:/' /I v\» V o:cv.j :. • .-s ;m;' .-^'A ^I'lW {-^^s^ \ ■ « • - " — - -f<* .»..„... t • : .,.,:.;,'/;. : - i 4 ' HI y . » 5 '^f: f »♦ # f ', V. » ■,-IK}i . '\^ ..J71 ,• -^1 >^i.'i* #.. ^•,. ■■ %■ i 1)D3-' v^^ 'Wi I I .1 L , „ ''■■''>';«£«•■" ■^^ w ^PUBLISHER "^ \^ Q» Yin '^ V' To The-: E A D E R .'^^ VuU •^ I 1 He fe famous Memoir sc(mtainihgthe Anatomical Uefcri^ims if JL f^^^ Afdmalsratid thofe all Exotic andfcarce to beproctaredj^ tocher tpith fuery excellent Obfervations thereon, arefome of the fir jt" frmts and accurate performances of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. They were by them fometimefincefo Magnifeently, as well as Curiotifly fit firth in two Volumes, that. (^ as they feemednot to be deftgnedfor com- ntenSale^ fo y they became Prefints ofdy from the Ktrig, or Academy, to ferfottsofthegreatejl Quality, andwere hereby rendered unattainable by thffirdinary Methods for othir Boot^. And altho* by fome few, Jt>ho (through tins m^^s) had the opportunity cfperujing them, they were found fkU frattght vith 'very Pertinent, as well as CuriomObfer'vationsyyeffo fffTat wasthe dignity inprjvHtiug the favour offuch aperufal (not only i^e iir England, but even at Paris it felfythatthelngeniourLabours efthat f^jhious Society were hereby made lefs'Vfeful and IneffeShtalto their great Difign', moji of the hearned being totally deprived of the fit^tdar Advantages that might be obtained therefrom. Tor thefe Keajons it was judged that theexhibiiing ]pbU', and altho to accommodate them tothis Volume, he was necef^ fitatedto contrail nnd leffen the fru, yet has he fo well difpofed offhe Parts of each Plate, that what is mofi material is very plain and clear* ly Intelli^iblx.: Mofi of th* Animols are reprefented three quarters ^s bigg as in the Originals,and all the DiffeSied Parts half as bigg ; exceptim fome few as bigg as the Life, which is exprejfed in their particular Expli- cations. His great Care in thts nicely contrasting the Plates^and allowing to each part its due Symmetry and Proportion arefufficient Tefiimonies &f his Skill in Deftgning, which with his other Abilities being already well kijown to the Royal Society, / mufi (^by reafon ofhisModeJh and my near Relation ) forbear giving hint thofe Prayfes which in jufiice be- long unto hint. To him alfo I am oblidgedfor furnijbing me with the Tranflation of the Obfervations made forMeafuring a Degree upon the Earth, which tho it be a SubjeSi of a differing Nature, yet being one of the mofi con- fiderable Productions ofthe famelllufirious Academy, and being joyned to one ofthe Volumes in theFrench Edition, I conceived it would be as pertinent and proper to accompany them in Englifli. , ^, ^ ' A \ ^ Thus have I given you afijort account of this following undertakif/gjhop" ingyou may hereby receive as great SatisfaSi'ion in Merufeing, as I have done in tranlateing thefe Memoir*s. , ME* ■^ K #^ 35.' '.iii u'/£:l ►IJcii teoiTjgS Jinriiiib ihnioicn .'.. ijiiiK 0ib'j6-05'li.c»»fj'rxh fbiilv;noi noil "> lO ^ -jfli'iVi ^nhrl t^-'io'F ■'!([ ' fi |F • if.' ,-€ ft-'A 'ii^l il'iflv/lo y y f ^*f iPWy^ <6f^hat NaWfi?fodr& It Be, Ss tvrttten after ma k^M m^ tojlcfteij, and H^HpH do belong :to ili< istoeft it'lpMM^ ^'^h^^f'^ are C0h|h» w tftfeNatrativt of (^irie pii%i^S!^di t^'l^^ did cUl i^««;/^«tf4ri^/, iad the lr^»^^^ Alto^^J-i altho^ it, contains' only the Part?, and as it tJrfcre the E!g«Ms^Hd9bS>%ivhich they have afterwards buife thercon,,witKfo curious a Synuneitry, has no real^oUdity. '"'J^ , - Therefore theCutiousand Learned, who had formerly ^lit little valued the worke of Fetriw QiUtMST^ when he undertook to iiiet(io- ai?^ what i^/w/r, had confufcdly ^elated of Animals,, have been much concxmcd at the lofs of the excellent Remarks which he after- Wards made, in the Travels whjch fr^ww. I. Gaufed him to take intoForreign Countries,. For he ^as a very Judicious and perfprca- cious Man j w1k> was inftru£^ed^ by reading of all Authors that writt 6n this Sub;e^, and was purpofely fent by the King to make this' Kearcb^and who applied himfelfe thereunto with a particular care; which n\afdchin^ capable of obfervicg whatever was remarkable in Animals. vIkThe want of thefe QiiaIifications,in the generality of thofe ^ynich have made particular Relations and Memoir&s^ renders their Labour inconHderable, and their Teftimony very fiifpitious : It oW , u. ■ ■^^-"■■^"''' being' r,' ■ i -.>4' -:'■-«.- ,y ihe Preface. bpirtgicarcdy prpbiblf, that Merchants and Soaldkrsare indowed wijrh't.I»e, Spirit ofPhilofophy aod Patience, TKrliich ire neoeiTary for tbeobferving aUrtht nice Partictilarities 6f ib many difitrent Animals, yihok extraordinary fliape did ar£rft iatisfy all their CUroioficyj a^Jafing. Cap(ibleo£ fufficiently enriching their Relations) without judging .it necedary : to proceed to; an exa&er Scrutiiiv. Bat that^ vy)iich-yQt niorekfliem the Efteeiii foe tfaeie! fottsx^Mevmw^ is the imfai^ulnefs wiiich Xt'aveUefs doigenerally ufe in their Relations y who^lmoitalwftys addifio the/ things chey. have feen, thofe which' tjiey HHght have leento : And Icaft the i Narrative of their Travels Oiouldfceni inaperXed^ydo recite.What they have read in Authors, by whom they arefirll deceived^ )i|ft astheydoafterwards deceive their R^^ders. Tbi* is, the Reafon 'why the :FrQteft^tions whidii fcvcral of thefe Obfcrvers, as Behnitis^Fifo^ Margravius^ andfome others dp tnake,to fay nothing but what they have feen^andthe A(fu-i ranees which they dogi^eof having difcovered a great inany of the falitdes which ;)i^v^ been writt belbre theni,haveic^rQe any other: cfi[e&, than to render the (inceritie of all Travellers very fufpe£l:,' becaoff itbat thefe Cenfurers of th^ good Credit i.nd exadne^of others do not give fufficient Cautions ofthdr oWn^'^idv/^ udi i:t That which is nioft condderable in omx MernQms^ is^ thatunble-: nuQiable evidenqeof a pertain and acknowledged Verity. For they« are not the Woik of one private Perfon, who may fufier himfelf to be prevail'duponby his own Opinion v who can hardly perceive what contradi^s his firft Conceptions, for which he has all the • blindnefs and fondnefs, which every one has for his own Children j who is not contradi^ed in the fredom that he allows hinifelfe, of uttering what ever bethinks capable of adding luOer to his Work j andindeed who leis confiders tneTruth of the FaSis, which are not his. own Produflion than that order he gives it, and which he fraines to liimfelfeiof.fomepratjcularitics which he fuppofts, or dif- guifes, toindeavpur to futte them to his own DeHgn: So that he would be in fome Meafure concerned at the finding out of Truths, and making Experimenite which would deftroy his fine Speculati- ons. But thefe Inconveniencies arc not to be found in our Me/;/^re/, which do contain only Matters of Faft, that liave been verified by a whole Society^ compofed of Men which have Eyes to fee thefe forttji of things, other wife than the greatcft part of the World, even is they have Hands to feek them with more dexterity an.4 fucceijs* ^^^y^n^{ ' ^ -^ . who If ■!?►- s i'f t I u I'h^' firepKf* — yBUUEWi«iUJi isdibt; Mnbafcudylndp^maebini iind ourNovcftk^^as carciiiliy ny cxbfniin&thate]iiici»ended idi be ifeinid^^aifJ t»t whctuvevrfitiirMb^i Hum a ciuioii& ''• ar.d iiApomnir: dkCewfOf t Hcm miiBb the L«Mr^; of.CertMnry piftvadh ki-dieir ^irie ^ibovc dtdtbet thing;?^. riiiM^'>'^^ by any otHnr idtevefiv r«ticiG»'ihat(theVanKglbry, Whkh tlie'nccei^ of aiir ing^ftus defaitidiv luigbc Uay« gwhed by ftirprizr, vrotM ligiufie vory - Hide iwingr dii'idtid jiini)iHe diictivers ; or b^r die li^hp ambHliirtffflcd^iT-^^hKli hif (2Hi(nre g|ivi»s tty the dKcevefy'd of odier^y by ^xiaimptiiig rht-fti) as' hftait* <£ifley with acaire which a fmUr PdftAilio^ /Inioldmifl, never fails to esttrice amongft l^htlbro- phiorsi Safhu k\ is vefy ^mbabW) tttat ^ijjiar ever ha« emdcrgonc To feverv a Tryal h ai^emftftotsi ^11 mi9(cut^ of Fkllrrf ind^ lox^ This i^l^nefd h» adietii«!it ilbtliiiiig^ bat whlit'k^ hm Vcnffcd;' is that which' hav nuidd Z>i?Mt»n^x ib^gr«a^y e^#dfd armdngflf tfa^ Aiifiiviitsy wkra havin§r ct^l«dlrd a* grt^ ab«Midaiice of I^oge Cariofinos, kiivkfck^dth^ itthis'Cdlle^Koitt'fiK* nfarkcdwitfi- hi$ own SeoVthofe oftvbieH he E^pK^riiAeMaNy kM^w tItoTrtitiir, rc»compord « Vottinie of th(>m, which he iMitUled' the Bcik^pf Choice. ThW' aifter his Extmiple it h that tvt deffgn tfct thfe CdieSfion^ be a choice of aM that ever has been feimd and cattfeJBy remadtt in' tlw AJniinals which confd be examined. • •. ^" ' • ' In tMs ^ollef^idit we hove particularly in^Tfted on that which be- longs tdtfhe ftni^re of the Piirw of Animals, rjtther than thar which coho^rns Acir Natures', NotJf lilimelrtt, the way of taking rhctn, their Q!9ttliti<*s in I'hyflck, and thd bttier nfes which are attri- bute to thcMi of which all Natural Hiftoriam have conipofed^ theif Vo^omes^ and of which v«^e have fpokcn orrfy Traiiwntfy, ixiid accarding< to* the Occarton w^hich what we obfervcd in our SMbjcd^s, afford^ ti« j Bite this' defrgn of Deferibing only the Parrs, ha^becnreOr^i'Hied to thoje within j and if is for that Rea/on, lllar we db cull' the 0eftrrptiofff vvhkrh we malte^ Anatmicat^ altho' fhry do eidiitft^n a great many things which may be fccn wirhont Dirte^iort; .• — '*-■* '* ' - ' ♦ ' ^ - ' y • ' Indeed, / C*l «■ The Preface. Indeed, our chief Aim being t& report, and cd)r6i^ al) the Ffe^- tnarks, which we have made on the different particularities of tlie inlidc of Animals, we could not omit the other Gbiervatiom which belong to the exteriour Foim, by reafon of the Relatioh " that all the parts have each to other. Biit we ftay not long on ' things which do not dircftly appertain to this y^/w/owiWKnowledg, bccaufe that there is little lefs, but this i?xaft Dclcription of the in- ternal Parts, wanting to Natural Hificry. We could not Clikewi(eJ) )<»netimes avoid di^reffing out erf" that ftrait and narrow Road, which we propofed to follow ; and we have thought our felves o bitged to enter into the ControvtrHes which are amongft Natura* lifts, touching the difficulty that there is of knowing, whither fome of the Animals which we have, are prccHely thole which the Anti* cnts have fpoken of j btcaufe that the Dd'criptions of thefe Au- thors are generally very Ambiguous , and agree ix)t fufficiently a- mongft thenifdvcs, to take away tlic doubts which may arife, that the Animals to which they do give the fame Name, arc not (bme- timcs different; and that thoie alio which the Vulgar call other- wife than they have, are not the fame which they have fpoken of. The particular and new Remarks winch we have made, liave inga- ged us to this Examination : But we pretend not to put a value on our Con;c6iures, farther than particular Fa61scan prove them; being ready to rctraft, when it fliall happen, that a great number tf contrary Obfcrvations fliall demonftraie to us, tlhat thde firll: were made upon Subjefts, the formation of which, was extraor- dinary; and confcqucntly infufllcient and incapable^ of eftablifli- inga general Conclufioii: But we have thought, that things of this Nature might be put into Menmrcr^ which areas it were Maga- iJttes, wherein arc lockt up all forts of things, to be made lii'c oi in timeofneed. ■,'' '^^.^''^'- ;: ix:, .-..- .;.-;-^-i ^.:::v.o/ . ? .v; Now altho' we flhcli only ' to this DeKriptioh, "iini! 'rfiis lively Painting, which we have cixleave^red id peiform fmiply, and without any Ornament, and liave no otlier intention, than todifco- Ver things fuch as we have found them, and ev^n ns in a Olafs, which adds nothing of its own, and which reprefcnrs oncly what has been prefented to it : Yet wc have not forbdrn fome- times roadd Reflexions, when wc have thoitght it nccciliiry, upon particularities that deferved it ; and that oncly as a Sample, and lii-ft Fmits which might be gathered, when bv the coHe^inq of all the b b ' ^ Ob- ■' I ft The Freface. Obi'crvations which may be made, this Work vvijl be fufficient to afford Matter enough, for the compofing an intire and corapleat •Body thereof. So that it is tobeunderftood, that we dcfign not 'that the Reflexions which are here preparatorily made, do pais for decilionff, but only for Eflays of what may be expelled from this fort of Work. ^himvoh slAfWrz^mitH . There are fomc who have found fault with that great Work of j1rifi(^le s Biflory oi Animals^ bccaufe they fancy that this Author diicourfes therein, more like a Philofopher than an Hiftorian j but this is not the Opinion of the moft partof the Curious, who think that he has too much confined himfelf to the Charafter of a bare Relation •■, and that it is a great damage that he has not more ex< plain'd himfelf on all the things which he could difcover, by the adirtance of the admirable Light which he had in all forts of Scien- ces : And the Opinion of Hierocies is very probable, who lays that the ten Books which we have of Arifiotles Hiftory, arc only an A- bridgmcnt which Arijiophanes Bi%afitinus made of the Fifty Volumes that Pliny has {poken of, in which was contain'd all that which may belong to the intire and perfect knowledg of Animals. But as it is impoffible to Philofophize without making iome ge- neral PropoHtions, which ought to be grounded on the knowledg of all particular things, whereof Univerial Notions are compo(ed ; and that we ftill have a long time to work, before we can be intrud- ed in all the particulars neceifary for this End .- We believe that there will not be overmuch reliance on the Reafons, which we have intermixt amongfl our Experiments, and that it will eafily be fudged, that we pretend only toanfwer fome Matters of Fad which we advance, and that theie Fads are the fole Powers whereby we would prevail againft the Authority of the great Perfons which have writ before us ; feeing that fpeaking of them with all the Refpcd which they deferve, we do own that the defeds which are (een in their Works, arc there only, becaufe it is impoiTiblc to find any thing which has acquired the utmoft perfedion : Altho' theie Works do nearly enough approach it to be inimitable, and to make all thofe who arc, rational and intelligent, to have a fingiilar Venc- ' ration for tlie Excellent Cemm's which have produced them ; For wc do think we render a greater Honour to the Merit of the An- tients, by Demonftrating that wc have difcovered lomc fmall flight Errors in their Works, than if after the m;Uincr of thofe who 'M f J •! f I The Preface. " ' ■ ■■ ■ ■ !■■■ * ' • 11 ■!■■■■ ■■ I ■ ■ ,1 ,,■ ■ " ■ ■ ■■ didruft their own underi^anding, and rievcr grdund the Judgment which they do make of the value of any thing but on Prejudices ■■, we {\v }d efteem them only, becaufe we thought they were done by g£ Perfonages, and not by reafon of the Knowlcdg which we have of what they have done well or ill : Becaufe, that as the greated Encomwn^ which a hundred blind Perfons might give to a Beauty, would not be fo advdntagious, as the meaneft of a finglc Perfon who had good Eyes .• The approbation likewife, which a general confent of all ages has given to the Works of great Perfo- nages, could not be well grounded, if it did not appear that it had been done with Difcretion, and confequently with Examination, by which it has been verified, that whatever it may have defeitivc is nothing, in comparifon of the vaft Number of curious and excellent things which arc there found. We fuppoie, that fuch as are capable of thefe Refledions, will not have the Malignity to make ufe of the Authority given to a great number of thofe, who being incapable thereof, would have us like themfelves, retain a blind Veneration for the Works and Sen- timents of the Antients s and we do hope, that rational Men will not be fo injurious, as to render odious the Liberty which we have afllimed, of faying that our Dcfcriptions are exaft, becaufe that w« propofe nothing but what we have feen ; and that we do pretend, that they are exafter than thofe of the Ancients; which are made for the moft part on the Reports of others : Seeing that we do not impertinently aftc^ to niarke the Errors of thefe great Men, and that wedoonly advertifethc Reader, that our OWcrvations agree not with theirs. For we think not that this comparifon of our Dil- ligence with their Remillhefs, a vain Oftentation and utterly unprofitable j feeing that it may contribute to an infirudlion more precife, and which better imprints the Idea's of things, when their trueDefcriptionisdiftinguifhed, and marked by the oppofition of that which is falfe : Or however this demonftratcs, fuppofing both the contrary Obfcrvations to be true, that one may conclude, that in confideration of the Particularities wherein we differ, Nature is variable and inconflant. For which Reafon, we have chofen a particular way of making our Dcfcriptionf. For whereas the Ancients and generality of the Modems, do handle the Doftrinc of Animals, like that of the Sci- ences, always (peaking in general, we only expofe things as fingu- b 2 lar i •v 'i. • The frcface. Lir i and iii(tead of affinmiig, ifor infiancc, rhat the Bear has Fifty- rvvo Kidity^es on each Cv\l\ we fay only that a Beta- which we dif- I'eJ^cd had tlie Conformation thereof very particular; and in delcribe- iiig it, if we tefiifie our Adjiiiration that no one has made this re- mark, and that even thofe who have made the Anatomy of thefc Animals are filcnt therein ^ k is becaufc that we fuppofe that Na- ture, who rarely fports her telf in the conformation of the Princi- pal Parts, lus formed the Kidttyes of other Bears after tlic fame Fafliion, as we havelR)und them in our SkhjeSi. i,, jr; : o; Ir.^yfns In the De(cription of rare Animals, which do come from For^ reign Countries, we have have been particularly careful to repre- fent their external Form exaftly, and to denote the fize and pre portion of all the Parts feen without the Diife^ion: Becaufe thefe are things almoft as little known, as what is within the Body. The familiar Anipnals arc othcrwiie defcribed : For the bignefs, form, and fituation of their parts, as well exterior as interior are compar- ed to thofe of Man, whom we do eAablidi as tlie llulc of the Pro- portion of all the Animals ; Not that wc do think that he is abkh lutejy better proportioned than the nioft deformed Bead: : Becaufe that the Per&dion of every thing depends upon the Relatioa it has to the Eod for which it is made; And it is true, that the Ears of ao j^Jfey and the Snout of a Hi^, are parts as admirably well propor- tioned, Ibr^the uics to wtuch Nature has dedgned them, as all thofe of Man's Vifagc are, to give him the Majefty and Dignity otthe Lord of all the Creatures : But it is neceflary to agree of fome one Meafure and iVWv/e, as is ohferved in JrcbiteSiurc : And conHde- ring the whole Uuiverfeas a great and (\atky Edifice, which has feveral Apartments of a different (lru£iure, the proportions of the mofl Noble are |>itcht upon for the Regulating all the rcl^. So that when it is faid, tor Example chat a Dog has a long head, little Ho- mack, and the legg all of one tbicknefs, it ii> onely in comparing thefe parts with thofe which are found of the lame kind in Man. We do likcwiG.' dedcribe all the parts of Man's Body, altho* there are not Co many new things tofpeak of, as thoi'c of other Animals j it being very difficult to add any thing to the Ancients and Moderns, who have handled this Matter with all the exa£bicfs immaginable, and with a fucccfs comparable to the Grandure and Dignity of tin; Subje^. To a great number of particular Obfervations which wc luvemadc, wc added .ill the otiier Rtmaiks which are common to The Preface. US with other Authors, and which we do not give for new ; but only as beih^ in fome Ibit confidel^aisit, by reaibn cf the certainty and credit, which the Teftimonies of fo many Perfons who have con- cribueed to thefe'Defcriptions, niay add to the Fsl&s which wcdc- ^r Irlife&pra^^ ih rclatmgiJl the partiaJariwticirwc obkrvtj \s qualified with a likv edce tadraw well the Figures, as welt of the intire Animals, as of their extiemal Partn, and of all thole which are inwardly concealed- Thele Parts having been confidc- red, and examined with Eyes alfiftcd widi Microfcopes^ when need required, were inftantly designed by one of thoi'e upon whom the Company had impofed the cliarge of making the Defcriptions j and they were not gr««td, till all thole which Were prefrnt at the Difledions found that they were wholly conformable to what they had iccn. It was thought that it was n thing very advantagious for the pcrfc5:ioh of thcfe Figures to be done by a Hand which was guided b.y other fciences tlian thole of Paintiligj which are not alone fufficient, becaufe that in this the ImportaiKe is nor h much to re- prefent well what is feen, as to. fee well , what iliould he rcpre- femed. ^ ■-:■ ...-J .„•. , .-^ yi I Our Memoires being thus compoTeidit s^ -to be hoped that they, will afford Matter tor a Natural ijiftoryyVfhich will not be unworthy of the Greateft King that ever has becri •) ^tid thd> if in this, to equal Alexander^ as he equals arid furpafleshinvip;^!! other things, "he wants ibgresK A Per(bn as Arijkdtf the ;Care which His Maiefyhais taken to fupply this Defed, oy the Nuipiber of Perfons which ^e has cho- fenfor this Employ,' arid by the Otifcr^ bbfjjryitd to perform the things with an ablolute exa^efs^ Wfll imke this Work, which was undertaken by hjs Ck»|)ttiand, not io&j'igr.piechaps, m that which has been done for i^fciMmllrr. ; VavVr; ■'V*.-» ■ .•{•..'.•.V, (tt\^-.v\>Jv 't\-\-\ -v. •-,■ . ) H\r., avid/ vA\\^ .;« IV :«' ;i u •'• .■>.^A(l. T -A, \ri ,'A *' 1 ■ .. , !..\I- '. > ' -.,1.1 ,-^^lL- ,'i^i^v(^ -Ai ylnitivo the Explicatim rf^e Figure of the L Y O N, gs^lio YN the lower Figure he is reprefented alive, his Head turned on one fide, X as he fometimes carries it ; notwithftanding the ftifneft of his Neck. Tlie Claws tho^ very great are indifcernable, being covered with hair, which is very long at the extremity of the Paws. The Form which the Tail has under the Hair is hot ieen, by reafbn of the diOerent length of the Hair, whicii makes it to appear of equal tliieknels from the beginiung to the end. / h -on •r3.(i'-"7 In the Parts vphichthe DiffeSlim difcovers. 'f !<> A. fi/e'Cre/t of the Cranium. B B. TA? Zygoma. C c. The great Md little Canini. d. TA^ Incifbres. trj.-n, /iito.. . E. The Apophyfis Coronoides of the lower jttv. VVY.The Molar^. • .(^■* >^«^>;>*^" G.TheextremitytfthfKz.diim} H. The eattremity efthe Cubitus. 1 1. The Bones of tOf. Corpus. ^ I 1 T I. The four Bones of the McU- carpuj. 3 2 3 2. The fimr Bones of the jkft Pha- lanx oftlnf Toes, J 3 ? ?• The fpnr Bones of thefettmd Plialanx. (X). The Uft Bo/tes of the ToesM^e hin>e refrefentedosK »fMrtj and out of its . drti(ul4tion , rvhich with the tno.Cf. thers nstrked 2, ^. which ate liketvifr^ fefarated from the refi of the Pdtw^ makes one of the Toes. Tonmof fH' ferve the bending winch the Bome mar- kedly has at its extremity ^ whith Wij^rj 4 Condylus or ProtMherante, ' to make room for the lajl Bone^ which is articulated to it^ to bend upwards. K. J part of the Skin of the Tongue, feenwitha Microlcope. L L. Little Eminencicsy which are near the root of every one of the Points which are itPon the Tongue. M M M. The Points which make the 1 on:^ue rough. N. Onf of the Points Separated from the Sktny tojhew its cantty. >.TB ((t> »T r; I a the Gas-Bladder. *^"'^^ „ P. The DuftusCholidochusi' 1^^' ' Q/The Bladder. :h\^u R R. The Proftatac. riryiiliv I S S. The LigamentSf which joj/nedwith the Urethra do compofe the Body of theYttas. T. The beginning of the UrethrB.'i^ • "y V.T^^^Bklanus. yLThe Huii^or Cryftallinus, whief^v** fpoiit."^^ -; Y. The other Cryfhllinus whieb it0 found. ' r. The Tong/ae. •:«-??*^> f; ^ ,11: Ifivf A. The Cartilago Tliyroidcs of tht Larynx. . \ •». 0. m,artilago Cricoidesr^'^^^*'^' '^• A. The Cattikigo Arythendidw; ; -: ^' - B. 7%^ Glottis, vi .C| RJfll viqniit uf 2. The ^pidottis. ^ :* r, ^\ i.TheloweJtpartoftheStemaekJ"' • . r;rA.PyIoms. ^i'...v s- mli «. The Oclbphagus. d en )ba.j ^^.TheAfytH Artcria. ' n :6 'aA i. The left Auricle of the Heart, l^. The Heart. ^- ^ ^. The right fiAclavian Artery. n. The right Carotides. 0. Ti&^/^/^CarOtides. 7 — ' K.Theleftfr'jclavian Artery. A h.Pmof "he Diaphragme. fjL. The juperiour Orifice of the Stomach. V |. two protuheramies which were at the fore-part of the Stomach. '.3,?. 4, 5,^1 7.8, T/v Lohes of the Lungs. r H V. U[k ■ i v; V ^V' ■:f4 -\**^? wV i • ,-,-,-vS Ivv, . t M*'^ ^^mM^^00:i^-^^ ..-f i.fc 1 "f. 1 ■ia ■ "^ ... , ■/•w *• -i;^^-^ y*^-' - fe. *f yt ¥/• 4 -Tf "% 4. 4 '* ;• V,-\V, ■\^'^' ' ;, '• ■w-''^^"V, •,■'. 3 '0 •.v\'jWa'» i. •'^'■•i V'tl MV.n ■ij^'-i.rj'y':- - .J. ; . .^j. ' .. . • 1 )">-■•! vi!!ilo J!"f!j MMiwjuifii/ -urr- ' :y'^ r- ;'-'V; '■ ■ _ THE y-' V ^/;;;:iMuyiiu«noa ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION lit Pi Ti'M r '•^ iiJiiO no w, 1 i»f I< r- 'Til iTrL j^li'ol 07 '{1^ ) Efpre the opening of pur Lion, we carefully examined dl its external ^ . Farts, according to the Method which wepropoledtoourfelves, to oblerve in all the DeicriptiDns of the other Animals. We .found that the greatnels of the Head, which is remarkable in this Animal, confined chiefly in.the:extraordinary {^uodanqe of the Flelh which covered il;^ and in the greatrie^ of the Bones which compole the Jaws. That the j^rr^^ likewi(9» wMch a(^ared large, wasonly by realbn of the long andjthick Hair which inopmpausd it, the Sternum being compreiC^ anfi mucKtpQre pointed^ than it is inmoft Horfes and Dc^s : And that by the fame reafba^^ theTVi/ieemed nottobeofequalthicknej^fi'pmoneendrpitheotheir; tfutby Ksalbn of the ine^iaUty of the Hair \^herewith it was inviroqed, wtucji was} fliorter to^ wards the beginning, where the Flelh and Bbnes ar^ ih^ker,. a^?! wl»ch £xcu( longer as thete^pam grow lefTer and leffer,, towards tfieend \i^dtha4; UUjS l^^ir which IS i^bout tlie Neck and JBreail^, di4 dij^er ^nl that of the reffofthd Body only in its length, having nothing refembling Man's H^U'»,x*, . '.vni^ta 'r/v'^£ ^i/-: %XK^:^-^\^i\i: '^' iisvt ?i;'f/ '':.v.- )E;r«ibetweea their Toes, by the means of the fsrHeulaf JrfffiiMtiott of tht- laft Joynt, wliich was(uch, thai; thelaltBone &ye one, bv bending it ielf out wards, gives place tothelaiil which is articuliated to it, ai^d ,tQ which the Clawisfafteoed to bend it felf up wards and Hde-ways, j^o^e.eaiily than downwards; being drawn upwards by, the means of 4 J^^ndinous Ligamenxj vyhich faftens toother die two Ia(t Boqcs in their iup^r^pur , ^d external part only ; and. which futi^ring a violent diliention wnea the Toe is bent inwards, extends tliis laft Articulation^ as foonas the Muffuli jUxores come to flacken, and ftrengthens the A£]tipn of (he Muf'^uU xfttvfores : So that the Bone which is at tjie end of every Toe, beingalraoft{ontinual]y bent upward, it is not the end of die Toes which ve^s upon the grPUiid, bpt the Node pf the Articulati- onofthetwo lail Bones; and ^msin walking, the Claws remain elevated, Hfid rctrafled between the Toe j to witt,,. all tho(e of the right Paws, towards. the right lifjb of cyCry Toe, .a^d all thoC;' of t(vy .Jeft Pa^vSj ^ftwa.rd 5s the left }k fide ' >" <♦*. -*!• The Anatomical Defcriptim )fide ; 'I'hc bending of tlieTo.v to walk being cauled only by the Tendons of the (ubHmer Mufcles and thole of the lower Mufcle never moving but when it is oece^y to extend tlie Claws* wJbich do proceed out of the 1 oes, when jhe lall Joyut is bent downwards. This admirable Structure is not found in the great Toe, whofe laft joynt bends only downwards, becaufe that this Toe relFs not on the ground being^fhorter than the reft, and having but two Bones as is ufual. ' '" ^ It had fourteen Teeth in each Jaw, viz. four Ineiforesy four Canini.andi fix ^l4rcs. Tht Ueifilres were little, and ilWCa'nifii vtry uneven, havwK ti'o \^reat and twoySw^/Zones. Tlie great' ones which Were an inch and half long, like the Tusks of a Boar^ are thoii alqne which Arifiotle takes for Cdnini : But each of thele great Canini was accompanied with another little one, which was at tiie ^e of the Jftcif^esy and which left in th& upper Jaw, be- tween it and tl^ great one, as nwcli void fpfce on each iide^ as was necef^ lary to lodg arid intert the hook of the great Caninm of tlfc inferior Jaw, in which there was likcwilc a (pace between the great Caninitt and th« firft of fhe M/^/ydefignedto lodge thie great C«»/»«« of the upper Jaw, butv^bi|h Was much larger, to the end that the tower Jaw might; be advanced fon/aM upon occaficfn". The M^lares were hkewife very uhex^enj efbecially hi the upper Jaw, where ihat which ftood next the Csnimts was as unall as thsJntir- foTfs* The QiCiivf Mdlmres were very large, having three unequal points, »vhich t-ejiitl^ed as it were the flower de Lys. The Ne^ iViiiVery ftiffe, as Authors have f emark't. Biit the Difleftitf^ hJks demonftratedfo us vti our Ljpn^ that this proceeded not, as Arifiothixii^ j^ti»n hrtv.e i^ortedj from. its having only one BtMiCj but rather for tHift to the bottom, inchneing a little to the light fide, and riflng towards the Pjfhtm. At the Superiour and Anteriour part there were two unequal Fro- cubdrancies. The Jnteflmis were not very long, comprehending all together but twen^ ty five toot, the Colon eighteen inches, and the Appendix of the Cdcum ihnee. '"av :m\}.i Tlie PaWerest was like to that oiCstts and Dogs, and the gyeaxGUndHles of thsMtfeniery, which are by jifelHus called Pamreat, wets alio like to thole of ^add Unimiils. i yrjv r.r:'.'; --ijili The Liver in which we found feven lobes as in Catts, was of fb dark a red, chat it inclined to a black : it was alfb very (oft. Its hoUow part under the G-all-hUiideti was filled with choiler difHiied into it^sSuhfhace, and into that of alt the Circomjacent parts;wihic;h was tlie fob Circumfiaace that gave us fbme (option of the caufe of this Animals de^tlv which we fudge, to be the Dir fioM, to <^ichP/i«)' alone iky*sLf0w are fi]bfe£b, and which he calls w£Jgr«- tudinemfaftidii'. For whether this be underfniod of the mortal troid)le which }ces c^ itscaiptivitie, as that Author expreffes it, or chacthis fignifies the^i(giift winch Ml&himibr wantof«ating^ it is well known that the rer tention of thechoUer may caufe either; ... < 'tbt<3SbU(iief "^n&imm inches k)ngand(!iiieaad a half broad. Its Struc- Care was very particular, being anfradous towards the Meatm Chalidochm, and >as it were i^rated into Several ceUs : Catti have exadly the like;. TliG Sptetn was a foot 4oag, two inches broad, and lialf an iiidi thick. If was not lb l^dc as the Lit/mr, notwichilandin^ that general rule which (74- ien gives oftheoobnr of the ^.t^p^, which helays is always blacker than the Lrver^ e^edally in Aninottls which am of a Temperament hot and dry, and twbich have Qiai^ Teeth. So that cheire is great prd>ability that this black- fidfiof the Liver wds exttaopdinary in this Sub^a, and iiot natural, The 1(jJhey yta& alm(^ round, being tliree inches and a half in length to two and a half in breadth an^li^ickiiers: ,(t ^weighed &vBn ouooes^aod two dracilMnetf*''^'^ 'V.-/ eiiitfrih^t^ ji..!:ria5}A orb rrair!;' .'jtUirnO orh'i" jioijxq' Thd Pdfts of Geifer»ti6n *had this pavticularj that die Vrethra was not crooked, but quite fkait from the fi/4ii^r tothe extremitie of the Pejus ; andthat theb^inningofthe Ligamentis, which with the LrethrA do com* pole di3 body ^^ the FMjk, was very nemose from the Pro^^, which are at the beginning of the neck of the Biadder : So that the Vrethrdy which in all contained ekveA'inches,'extendedjiOt^ being joyned totbefe Ligaments, the length of three inches and ahalf .- Which made us to doubt of the truth of 6 The Anatomifal Defcription -of what ^r//?©//*- lays concerning the Phyfia^^nomie of tliQ Lio/ff to wittf that he has eminently^ and above all other Animals, vifible and apparent -iigncs of the Ihcngth and pcrfedion of his S^x. The reafon of this Structure appears to us to be founded on the extraordi- - nary breadth of the Os fdis, along w hich th^ Z'rethra mu ft dciccnd from the Ul/dder, the bottom of which muli; pais over the Bones^ to their inferior part, from whence a rileth thefe Ligaments which do compole rhe Ptnu. This Conformation makes the the Lion to pi(s backwards, and not by lifting uptheLr^, \\\KDoggs, 3ls Pitnjr fay's, and that he couples with the X/o;»- »^y} after the fame manner as Owf/Kf, Hiresj 8fc. .i^r; -j/ In opening theThorax it wasoblcrved, that from all the Ctrtilsgis of the Sterimm which had been cut, there came out two or three drops of Bloody which demonftrated that thele parts are not fbiblid, as that tlieir cavities fhould be imperceptible, as fome Authors do think, feeing that they are penetrated by fbmc Sanguinary Velfels, as is feen in all Animalls when young. The Medi.tJHnum was furniflied with abundance of great vefTe^s. Xhe Membranes whicl\compo(ed it, and which were perforated like a Aet, were joyned, and left no f pace but towards the DUfhrtumej on the right fide <^ t!x Hearty wliere there was a very large and ample cavity. The fame thing is obferved in Cms. The Lungs were found to have fix Lobes on the right fide, and three Onth^ left. All the AnnnUr ctrtiUies of the Ajfcr* ArttrU made an entire cir- cle, excepting two or three under the Larynx^ in which befides their great- ne^, which was four inches in compais, there was not more than two iiiM$$ whidi were not entire. The breadth of this Organ of thoi voice focmVl ,^>^U$ very capable of making the dreadful noiie of its Roaring. • ^.- v t f The Dit&us liHem Thorium M^as v^ry finali, and joyned to a kmg fillet of fat, which was extended to the whole length, and dt the fide of^theibody Q{i\\QVertthr*, it was two lines broad. " 'Wi&Hurt which was found dry and without wa«er. in the PericMr4iumf was in prc^rtion much greater thaain any Animal, containing fix indies ia length, and four in breadth towards the Bafis, and ending in a very fharp point. ItsSubftance appe^'d to us very fbft, before it was opened; ^yt it was difcovened that this proceeded from its being J6an,. and hoHowViicsfV/ir- /r/(/^f being (b ample, that the left one which defcended into the Cii/fii, left but two lines of thicknefkin the flefh which covered it at this place; to- wards die Ikfis it had but fcven, and the SeptMm had %\tiXi& as many. Tl^e Auricltj of the H^r/ were ib finali, that the Right, which is the greate^» was not half an inch. The Structure of the Heart oi Catts is not fi> puticu- lar, for it is more obtufe at tiie Cufpis and flefhy thait Ordinary. l'h(: Pro- portion cf the Branches which the A{cendent.<^0r//iemitts wasfuch,ktm jthe Ctrotides contained the fame-tliicknefs as the left ^ddwiany and as die re- mainder of the Right from whence they doarifc; which is very confidera- bleinrefpefkofthefinallnefsofthe Brain. The. fame thing is obferved in Catts^ excepting that they have a great deal more Braimsi in proportion to their Bigneh. , . . The 3B^4M. Exceeded not two Inches every wayK,,,.IiC was included in a :^' 1o >r..ni C>4- OfaL y O N. co- CrMnium about half an Inch thick in the thinneft place, and almoil an Inch in the Fore-head. The Crown was elevated like the Crefi. of 2j\ Helmet ^lo give rile to the Muicles of the Temples, which do cover the Two iides of the Cronn oiiht Head, and in the middle of the fore-head do leave tliat Cavitie, vihichArifiotle in his Phyftognomy adjudgeth to be peculiar to Uqms. Every of thele Mufcles was five inches in length, four and a half in brieadth, two in thickne^,and Twenty Ounces in Weight. This Head. thwGarfiJbed with Flefh, and Comfofed oS Bones fo firm in their ftrudure and Sublknce^ made us to think that if tlic Bemrj according toPiinyf has a Head fb tender :afi4 weak that it may be Slain with a flight Blow, it is probable that it would, bet very difficult to (Ion alion ; and that this was well known to Thtoeritu$i who tells HercuUsy that all tliat he could do to the NemaxH Lion with lii$ Club, was to ftun him, and that he could not kill him but by Strangleing hin> with his Hands. The Bone which is found in Brutes between the QerehrHm and Cerebellttnt over the ^taum Lamhdoides, was an Inch and a half long, Ten lines broad, and Iwo thick, of afquarer Figure than that which is in the ScmWc^ Cats, DoggSyScCf ,\ .■/■: \ The GLutduU Piiiealis was diaphanous, aind fb fmall that it excee4edj not a line in length, and two Thirds of a line in brcadthat its Bafi^. : :.'■^ The Optfck Nerves appeared much thicker after their Conjun^ion than before : Which proceeded hence that the Foramm* tliro* which they do enter into the Ortiid arc notround,but like a flitt;which makes them broader i by flattening them . Being pafl thr o^ the Formien of the Orbit*, t^y were ^ extended to the Globe til the £ye, t\vggs, &c. Tlie Globe of the Eye wasfixtcen li/ies Diameter. TheCt>r»lf4 wasa- bout the third part of aline in thicknefsat the middle, jind grew thicker towards its Circumference ; till it cam.e to 'lialf a line, after the manner of theglaiTesinSpeQades. w. The Iris was of tbiat pijic colour, which isji^lled I/defi*. - ' ^ The Ttmied Choroides appeared of a Gold-colour, and whiclvhad nothing of that Verdure, which moft Authors do give to the Eyes of the "Lion, The Reverje of the Jbtterior t^uea in the Place it lyes upontlie Cryfiallims,\vz.% all Black. The Cryfi4^us jwzs found very flat, and its greateil Convexity, contrary to what js .in jQjthcP Animals, wasinits anteriour part; which is alfb observed in the Epf 'BiCatts. The Figyrs of the Cry^allims was fuch: that it feemod ihrunk ^p having a Pent in the fide, which made the CryPdinus of the.Ieli' Eye^ wlieitthis dent was the greateft, like the Forme of an Heart ; But oheof thefe Gryft^^ims^s which began to be fpoilt by aG/4«£o«»4,made ustofufpeQ: that this wasFraetcrnatural, and particular to our Subjeft. The Aqueous Humour was found very abundant, fb that it almoft equalM the fixtnpart of the Vitreous Hmour. This abundance was Judged to be the caufe of the clearnefs which remained in the Eyes after Deatli, which are obfcured when the Come* is drycd and contracted for want of this Humour, which keep's it extended. ^ The Ill 11 I If « Tha AnMhmieitl DtfcfiffMn ) Thtt ta#r, which muft becmbowclled ibcki after it is kwed^Andaltho* there were found fbme lV0rme$ in its Flefli the foorth day, it wad juctged that they were 'ngender'd of Flytif becaufe chat a piece of the Timgtu wrapt up in Paper was oryed in die (pace of one night, Ana was grown vety hahi without any IhnelL Which made us conclode , that if die Li4tt is iiibje£k to a Fenver^ it is notcauied by the Corruption of Humours, ami is only an Ephemera, altha' it is (aid that he lias it all liis life: This may caule a Belief that Choiler is a Balfotne in the body c^ Aninuls which refifts Corruption, and which has this ^ffed, that LyoMti in whom it is predominant, do Uve a long time. : .:; jo There was likewile mide another rcHedhon upon the Tmiibiefs of tHe Brdim of this Animal, of which Natural Hiflorians do relate ib many marks of Judgement and Reafbn; and by comparing it with the abundance of that of a Cdtfef it was judged that the littiencfs of Stmh is rather the fign and caufe or a favageand cfuei Difpofition than a want of Judgment. This (ton- jedure was fortified by an other Ob(ervation whidi was made four dayesfae* fore upon l«Srte*jf^j where was found hardly any BrsiHi akho* it was thought that the SeU^tie and SubtUtie which it hath, has given it this Name a-> mongfl Fijbiit ail the Kinds of which are gieneralfyiU provided diBnim, fo that they h«ve little difpofition to the Society, i|itd PUsibUnc which Ter- reftrial AfiiAMls «rttapabieof. " '^■'oit^icii r ;>v/ c;ivrij luHv.i^ .obflniaiij no .■JUi ■I •n it a twnO 3ilT .laJaniftiCl rciyi uaaj ic ain: •.'>')• ,., \ ^^)■' •jifli .^lijjuod i.ir , ihri'lo • ..>^K i''ii r ; ''ojdird uiu OJ : Jbtwrnr; 7jc'vii3,l.bixlv/,'\.,v THE iUl '1 xV ^ - u il..7 - vbw ^ ,-?JlX. /;n-: jM H i^j i.j; .iv/ X *^r9 P '•-;■:( .'/, ', B^ % I'JJIts'^ ^ > "> • , .^u ::n£f?AOt .*iv:i\ 2ii p < i ii ii liihlH <• I OOi ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTiol?^' 2u«A 3i bti/v : iihj,d Q p A, N O T H E R i^^Tc$ that is to fay, full of Ornaments, becaule that they found that green Eyes were moft Beautiful. The Retina was White and Opake enough, to make one think that it would hinder tite reception of tho Species, if it is True that they do pals farther. The place where the Sight is commonlv ms(fte, was croffed by a Vcffel filled witti Bloud, which paffed alio into the Opthk Nerves^ wlicre it made a Cavitie, and ieemM to form that Pore or thUfusy with which (bme Authors do think, that the Of tick Nerves were pierced, to give paffage to the Spirits which are received into the Br/tifi. Tlie Obftrvation of the Vcffels which are Vifible and in great abun- dance on the StiPerJictes of the Psretnkyms of the Kjelueyy which is a thing extraordinary, affords us Matter for Two Reflexions ; the firft of which is. That thcic VclTels, which ai e Branches of the Truncks of the Jrteriji and re»^ Emulgentesj do eafily difcover to the Eye, a Truth which we have already found in fome humane Subjeds, by rlie injedion of Milk into the Vafa £ffc «/^r»///f, after tlic having taken from t\\cl(jd»ey its proper Membrane. This Truth is that the Branches of the Emulgetits do not terminate in the Middle of the KjiHeys, as Higjaarus, following Vdfsliust has thought ; But tliat they arc carrycd to the external Superficies : For the leparation of tlie ~Cr/ne which muft be done by Filtration, requires that the Blood becarryed thro' the Arteries as far as is poffible, to the end that it there find a greater Thickncfs of tl« Pareaehjma of the lif duels to penetrate, and confequently more capable of making a mDre p2rfed Filtration. Ihe other rcflcftion is, that thofc Vcffels, which are not generally vifible in the KjiUey, whofe Subf^ance appears SoW and Homogeneous, towards its external Superficies, which was Imooth and even, were found Very apparent in this Sijl)|eft. And we thought it probable that this hajj- nciicd by fbmc diltcmpsr, and was Prxtcrnaturalin this Animal : Either by an Inllammation, or Obiirudion, which liad cauicd thcfe Vcffels infenfibly to dilate i This bcini» calic in a voting Animal, where the parts^ not yet lunlcncH. arc more t-afic to dilarc, and the Humours being more agitated arc 1,1 Of a L • Y" O N. H are more capable of etfecting this dilatation. G//j[/o« who haroblerved that oftentimes the Bfanghes pf Tome. Veffels ^rc bi^er than tl(ie v(^ry Tninck which produces thism,fays*that tWs itfay he cauftdbyaidiftemper: And ex- perience daily demonftrates by the Puliation which happens in Inflamations, by t\\6GUndes which appear in thitSmfiUtb, and by the Veins which di^o- ver themfelves in the E^e$ by the 0f»balmia, that there is a great many thiqgs Which a Diilemper renderk vifible and fenfible, by augmenting themj or changing their Nature, and making them tO' become hard and denie, from fbft and rare as they were. Which we have obfecved in the GUndes which in fbnie Gazellasy or Jntelopesy have feemed to make the Pareachyma of their Liver, which appeared not in others. We vainly fought in the Stomach and Lungs of' our Ljio/iy fbme Marks of tlie caufe of its Death, which was told us happeened after the voiding a §reat deal of Blood thro' the Throat. But we judged by feveral ClrcumftaiKes, which have been related, that a Surfeit extraordinary and infupportablc to an Animal otherwile weakened, had made him fick : For we know that Ibmetime before his Death, he was feveral months without going out of his Den, and that it was hard to make him Eat. That for this reafon fome Remedies were prefcribed to him, and amongft others the Eating only the Flefli of young Animals, and thole alive. And that thofe which look'tto the Beafts of the Park oiVincennes, to make this Food more delicate did ule a method very extraordinary ; which was, they flead Lambs alive, and thus they made him to Eat reverai;whichatthe firft revived him, by createing hirai an Appetite, and making him brisk. But it is probable that this Food in- gendered too much Blood, and which was too fubtile for an Animal to whom Nature had not given the induftry of fleaing thofe which he Eat ; It being credible that the Hair, Wooll, Feathers, and Scales which all Animals of Prey do Swallow, are a feafoning, and neceflary Correftive, to prevent their greedinels from filling them with a too Succulent Food., - - - •- ■ 1 V^v ". v\. '■ ^»'.n■''rri■ ,. .;.; .0 ■ '■^ ; Til • n; JS. \ • r V .. ! " a 'I' y .Y ~S \4 it art* B2 Thi 13 \ ' The Explanation of the Figure of the L Y O N N E S S. ;. lol ill ..usaqfu rLifiw rj:>ij£KuH irh 7<]«Mfiifii'i>Tr;<::»« -'NVh '^-.n^.^^- ' I He Pofture is Tuch, that it is eafie to Remark what is moft Patticuiar I in tliis Lyonnefs. The Head isfidc-wayes, the better to demonftrate tlielengtli of her Chops, which was not Ihort and well-let Uke the Lfons. It do*s iikewife more diltindly fhew the fmallnefs of the Neck, which mado the Head to be Ihrunk between the Shoulders. .j^ji^ yvH --^ cur jtoi , , In the Tarts which t}}e DiffeBion difcovers. "iv.- ,r!)viJ A. T/&^ Pylorus^ ..^. . I ■-; ■ h'l -i • -: ff :-•»'• ^ •.•• : < Jj. Tf}€ bottom ofStomMehjeftrateifrom the rr/?, and making as it were an other Ventricle , fuh js is in JnimaU tvhith chew the Cud. C C. r/^f- Vena G,«i(lrj«i. iV"' D. Tfje Sj'ieen. ,..,:; -f."i' -.-iimi.i^. i f -.' E E. Thejevcral Emiaencies towards thi 'Bafs of the Heart, compofed of a kardand tenacious Snljianc,:^ which d^d not refemale Fat. F. The Trunk of the Vena Cava. G G. The Truttck of the great /irterie. .„ ,]^. , H H. T/jf Vafa Spcrmatica pr - parantia. , , ^ )..';)'.': - ,,„., . II. The Tmicks, K K. Tw:) Jfpeniiicesy which affear to he the Fringes of the Tuba of the Matrix L. 2/7^ Matrix. M M. The Cornua Uteri. N. TheNeckofthiMittOi ,., O. ihehladder, ^t^ „ ', • ,>..,.. ....:, PP. The riund Ligaments of the Mutrh. i}. The Membrane which c mpofes the Iris, making fever aI circular foulds. R. 77;^ />'4ffo/rAff Tunica Conjunckiva, which is white. S. 7 /'<'/'/jfr£»///;f Tunica Conjunftiva, which is hUck. T. The Membrane which m.ikes the inward Eye-lid. VV. TheCliw. ' ' ' ^ X X. Tfje Ufi Boney to which the Claw isfafiened. Y. A Gartilagincous and Ligamentous Sdjfancey which is hehveen the Boite and t!e (Haw, and which flls the /face which is between both. a b c. The Matrix of a li 'omtn^in which, a, refrefents the Fundus Uteri, b c, and b C.7 y^f C.nity which was in each of the Horns. '^ ' THE ■aWj:^:: ijii .i''l.':!ji ■ 11 c rv.(l \yi 1 (■f-j^rfi I 13 ^^ "l 'r\ ..Mii. ■ ■>•'-''-*. ^^.'ii^iif^i L i-.T iOtil ji; > o ■•■''■^' ► »• ,1.. ■i ' '^'" sitticular lonftrate JfOt$S. It ch made /,' ,^-»a. .^. V- J* i L t^ ^ * ;:^ jf -"-jLi-Eair Bsf"-j^ /-_* — ^_j. *^* » p*»w"* ^i£.:.t J •i. «r«K . «.* M^' '. W M. kf,--' \V- ■4^ ■f .,*iS- *A V, .... '-t^ir^ 5. r ?ttv3 ^1 i I rv- t : i'\ ;■ 4 ^^ ■'W •• \t. '3 0(12 Jsni i«>^J f'i-*;'' " jA "• • >-■ _'"' J ANATOMICAL "d »i;>A'U'^".' y.,:,o:N;N e s s. B Elides the particular Charader of the Sex of the Lionnefs, which is to have no lo0g Hair about the l*^eck, there are obierved leveral others, wliich are, that me has a longer Nofe, a Head flatter at top, ;^ and Claws lefler than th&Lyom, This Lyoimefs was three foot high from the endpf the fore Claws, to the ridge of the Back. She was about five foot long, from the extremity of the Nole to the beginning of the Tail, which was two foot and a half long. The Claws which were at the end, and divided into feverai Fibre t like thoie of L^onsy have been obierved in thisSubje6l with more care and exa£^- neG than in the others. It is obierved that they are compoled of a Fibtons and very compa£fc Subftancc^iti refpcd of each F/^r^,but that tlA[e Fibres are eafily feparable one from the other ; which happens, as it is wfie to Judge, for want of the Moifture wliich fhould join, and glue them together; even as it isleen in Fihrtms Wood, which cleaves not {beaTily before it is dry. Indeed this L/wrmr/},which was extraordinary lean, had Claws much eaficr to (hoot out than the other L/o/^j which were younger and fatter. Thus the Root of the Claws, and the particular maimer whereby we have found them fall- coed to the Bones of the ends of the Paws, has (eemed to us to be principally to fiipply the humour which is necelfary to thcfc parts.For the Claw was not immcaiately Widened to the Bone by its whole Root : But there was a part thereof x/i£.theinride which was hollow,which was not knitt to the bone.This inlide was filled witli a competent fubf^ance between the Cartilage and liga- ment. This manner of connexion and faftcning of thefe CUm ieemM to us to afford what ever is r^cjuilite to tlieir use : For if all the Fibres, whereof thele Claws are compoi^H, had taken rile immediately from the Bone, they could not attrad humidity enough to make tliat conne6lion, which renders the Claws fblid : And if tliey had been all faftened to the Bone by means of the LigsmeMtSy they would not have been To ftrongly joyncd, as when they are (bddered without any thing between. The Conformation of the Stomach was particular, and very ditTerent in this SubieQ, from that which we have found in other Lyojts uhich we have diifeQed, where the Stomach was like to that o!['Doggs and CattSy having an ample and large Fiu$dm towards the i'uperiour OnfeefWhidi alwaves grew Icll lb.. '•^- H The Anatomical Defcription fcr and Ic/Ter towaids the Pylorm ; but this had the bottom parted in two in a manner hke Animals whicli chew the Cud. This particular form ot the Vemride wa:> found only in one of the four Animals of this kind which we DiG- fe£ted, viz. two Lyons and two Lyonejfes : For in the two Lyoas, and the Q- ther Lyonefs, the Stomach was like that of Doggs. It is very true that the Stomach of the firft Lyon had two Protuherattcies in its upper part ; but this was not confiderable nor comparable to the divifion which made this Sto- mach double, and feparated into two Cavities. The Inteftines contained in all twenty two foot four inches in length ; the Reilum had but four inches, and the Colon two foot. Tlie Colon had no little cells, byt only a ftraiter part, which divided it as it were into two parts, one of which was a little longer than the other. The Cacum was two inches long, and its Fundus upwards, and Orifice downwards. The PancreM relembled that of Doggs. Tiic Attfentery was covered with livid Glands about the bignefs of a Pea, all of an oval Figure. The ^(r/fc/^ were very apparent, and greatly dilated, and efpecially the Veins. There was very diftinaly feen the Ven* Laifea, di- vided in diriPeront Branches, by which tlie Trunks were eafily carryed to the PancreMJjfelUi. The Pf/«M of thq Kidneys was filled with a reddifh Glare, which might have cauled a reflux of SeroHity, of which tliere was found a great deafin the lower fV/»rrr and TAor4jf. .\is . . . i .'H'j-^l:.! The Bladder was fo nnall.that tho^ it was extended as much as it -^ns poHli- ble by filling it with Air, it wasnot bigger thanoneoftheKidnys. Arijlo- tle and ALlun do (ay that Lyons do feldome drink. And Atbertm Remarks, that LyoneAes d9 not long Jittkle tiieir Whebsy fir want of that tUmndance cf moifture^ which tsMtttffarj to the geuerstion of Milk. The Liver hacneven lobes, fix gnJat and one fniali one. One of the iar^ft vvliich are pisced on tlie right fide, wasfplit4 Vteri in Wo- men : Which fcems to juilifie and clear the Antients from an Errour where- of they were accufed. For this dcmonlVratcs that they had fome reafon to think t!:at the Cornu* Vteri in Brutes are the fame thing with that called the lulf* in Women. For tho' the Cornm of Brutes be a hdlow body, in which the Conception and Nourifhmcnt of their Young ones ufe to be made, and that the TitbA of Women appears IbUd and without Cavity, fo that it is proper to receive the S-ed, and make theTrMn/telition into tlie Fundus Zterif ^ pol^ fclfuig the place of the Pro/idta, according to the opinion oiGallen ; and that the Conception be generally made in the Fmdm Vt^ri ) yet it is very true to fay -# % OfaLYONNESS 55 fay that the ftru£lure and ufe of the Tuhd an Women, and the Cornua in Brutesi hftve n<»t\3fi)g'cihntiii\\y ditfcrcat ; ieeli^tliatas tJier« aire ioikls Hx' amples of the Conception made in the Titl>a, we have fbm'e Obiervations which do manifefl to us., that this Tda has Ibmetimes alio an evident Cavi- ty. We have here put the Figm« of the t term of YiottCiti, iA \VhiCh we founcl rwHj apparent Cavities, vH^ich made lome wirtoings eigtrt Lines lotfg, and near two broad at their beginning, which from the FufubaVfeyi di(!l Pe- netrate into the Tuha. At tlie end of eacli of cbe CtirMuu, a fittlt bokm lthe7V/?irdfr, there was a long Body,of a Nervous Subftance, which was taken for the Ligamenta Tere- tia: For it defcended into the Groyne^ and wa» there dilated like a Go<^e*s Foot as in Women. Its original was only different in this, that in Women theie Ligaments proceeded from the very Body of the Vterut, ix the place where" the Tubs began, a gooddiftance from the TefiicU. Sorimut Writes, that he had feen in a Woman this round Ligament, which he calls the CremMptr of the TefticU of Women, which was taftened near the TefiieUj even as we have Obferved in our L;o/f/»(r/jr. ; li i; ) " The Mediajline was not pierced like a Net as in the firfl: Lyon\^yxt its Mem* /r^;;^ was thick and continued. The Lungs had (even Lobes, three of each fide and one in the mitklk; Thofe of the right fide were larger than thole of the left; The wt^e P^en- chym* of the Lit/tgs was fcirrhous. The Fetta Coromm* was very lar^ ; but the Heart was mtich lefs than in the two Lj/ofis which have beeil diifoded. The infide of the left Ventrkie was fcirrhous towards the moutli of the Ar- tery of the Lungs ; and it feemed that the Lim^ Had communicated this Dis- temper to the Heart. There were two folyfus\ one in each Ventricle of the Heart. All the Bafis of the Heart on the out fide, wasfirrounded with aiU- my Subfliance ; which formed feveral unecjual Prctjderaneies, inflrad of tips Fat which is commonly fbuhd in this place. ,^ The Tongue was armed, as in t\K Lyonsy with great pointy (ike Claw;)) j they were lefler, Ibfter, and blunter. . ...v •„., ;r . v v The Ventricles of the Brain were very large; and the Clwit^ where the Fdx enters, and which divides the Cereirum in two, was likexife very deep, containing ten Lines. The GUnduU Pinealit was exceeding imaU; aot ex- ceeding a Line. ^P^vf^Jfy-nnl v": V :a p.{ 1 he Chrifhttine Humour like as in Lyons, was more convex before than be- hind ; which was not found in the other Lyonnefsy wliere k was Bat and more convex behind. The A/^m^M«r, which is put into the bottom of die Eye, and laid on the Choroides, which we call the Tapetunty was of an Ifde&t Colour, intermixt with a brisk Greenijb Blew. It was eafUy lepai'able from tlie Cho" roidesy which remained intire with its ordinary thicknefs, a(ter that we bad taken away the McnArane Which forms this Tttfctum. "*■"'..'.'■ -v^r '^'r'- The Obtick Nerve was near the Axis of the Eye. In it*s middle Aere was fcen to appear a Forr,men, which difappear'd when tlie whole Retina was layd on one fide, and that it was not equally extended about the Optiik Nerve on the Concavitic of the CAorwVfp/. TAr ■'^ *i' i i6 V. 1 ' 1 ■■> '..■.; n.'j <• I •■; ■, J., • /'i Ti&e Explication of the Figure of the C A M JE L I O N. r^\' ' ' ■■•■ ; ■ IT is rcprelcnted alive, perched on a Tree (bmewhat crooked towards the fide whicii it a/cends, to difcover as much as is poffible, the top o|.the Head, and bottom of the Belly. »; .:!/ : b In the Farts which the DiJfeSiion difco^'ers. .•• M iii.'i;-^ i fi >-! A. The GAll'BUdJcy. ''■ ''"^^1 ^..-^ |.ar .■ . B. T/;f /f/r Lo^f of theLivcrr'- 'V*"., '• CC. r/7/;f. - ■■;•''•'" v'' ' '' D. The Oefophagus. "^ " - E. r/;^ Ventricle. -"' ' ' F. r/;^ Pylorus. • ■' P^--^-^^ G. T/»c Dudus Cholidociis. ,^ h. T/.i? Vena Porta. '' .. I. The Vena Cava. KKK. r^f Inteftins. I.M.. A Membrane rvhich held all thefe Parts linkt together atfd ffjiettcUd. N. The frfi Bone of the Sternum. ' O. The left Ue of the Liver. : v uw. :; i. .u.i -,..;. n-: .- , P. Thetipperf.trt of the Lungs blown up^ and ffeckled with red Spots* Q£^Q;_^ The reft of the Lungs blown up. R. The Afpcra Art-ria tied to keep the Lungs blown up, SS. n^rOsHyoides. ^ '1; '•?( • . -T. The Czvtah^inovisStjil^,' to which theTrmk ivhiehfuftMns the Tongue^ Is f aft- ened. ■XX. TheTongue. ■ ""'' '^■•- '- Y. The Trunck drawn up. Z Z. The Kjdneys. "^ .. - ■ r r. The Gorniia Uteri. ' • • ' ""• ' ' A. The Neck of the Vterus. ' ' ' ' " K K. The Inteftines. ee. TheE^es. "^i-' '^^-''.h A A. BfOptick Nerves. ''•>>-^"' ' "■'" n. TheBKiin:"^''*'''' .M ••..;, . , .. ■ - . 1 1.:; i:: . . / ,v:'.m\ i, t \. •. ' fV !/■'•■ We did not 'think tliat tlieSkereton needed any Explication, by reafon ot ' the Ncatncfs of tlic Figure, and the exadnefi wherewith it is dcfcribcd ia the Dilcourfe. r •' - .■■ ■» \ •.!»•.•' • 'if. , ! ■■ 1 • -i . .■-ii-''''> - " •''^'^ I ' , ' • •■ •^ » t I it' , . ' ' J il J . .'. i- ) ( ■ . ^1 (* J- .J';. <./;, ; ■ -iii .•;.- , ^1- I •> I cj ■ij;;.;. ;i '5- ■.V. ' ^'A . .' • S . V >fi. w" •■• >.■: 1 I'Mi /:.,*/ ji :? rf rr- .^- Tk . /> ■■ -_'*«,«kt '<'r» ■Hc' ■"""%»-.. ::c«^ * k..,:.'^ > "H _:*^; -^^W^-i^etu^, •^<«.^^ • *5 \ jga., 1 4. sa. ii IP: ^./^ / '%^ -*^^i^' , II Tr«>- Ji< kh F*^^' fif%^ i. 'i ^;5 ,-/ - ,-./"V5«S ■ ^^«|.. .,-3 J7 ■ I : -jjLjtU ijt:-. c '. ' ' iA lmI /bill// nir.iAI <>• . ;:i;4 f // .ri;vli..M(jr! ■/ T H 1^ i. Lnxi i.'Jibt]l IV ■.vl'. tllJil' ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION: ji'.iirijj': 1 OF A >i notjij .;::'irr. 7 C A M E L I O N : 31hI ["^Hcre is fcarce any Aftim&I more Famous than the Camclioft, its admir- able Properties hav&evcr been theSubjcft as well of Natural as Moral FhHofophy. The changing of its Colour, and the particular manner of feeding wiiich IS attributed to it,have in all Ages given great Admiration and Exercile to thofe that do apply themfelvcs to the Knowledg of Nature : And thofe Wonders which Naturalifts have related of this inconfiderable Animal, have made it to be the moft Famous Symbole ufed irt Rhetorick and Ef hicks, torepreient thebafe compliance of Courtiers and Flatterers, and the Vanity wherewith fimple and light Minds do feed themlelvcs. Its very name in TertuSidn is the Subje£t of a Serious Meditation upon Falfe-glory, and he propofes it as the Example of tiie Impudence of Cheats and Boa- tters. It is not known truly why the Greeks have beftowcd {b fine a Name, upon fo vile and ugly a B^.:/, by calling it the Little-Lyon^ or Dwarf- Lyon accord- ing to Iftdres Etymology. GeJHer fays, that it Ibmewhat refembles the Ljotiy without mentioning wherein. PdMarolits would have it the Tail which is crooked at the end, as he fays, like tbcLpm: But the Truth is, that neither the Cdmeiicn nor the Lyoa have a crooked Tail. It would be more probable to place the Reiemblancc on the C>^, which they both have on the Top of the Head, which makes a kind of C afque : But it appears on the L^o/jj Head only, when the Fleih of the A/»/^«//CVrf is cuttotfi Licetus thinks that this Name wus given it, becaule as the Lyon Hunts and Devours other Animals, fb the Cumelioa catches Flies ; by the famercafon that a little Worm which Hunts and takes JntA^ as A!b:rtHs hath delcribed, is called Formicaleon ; and that a little Lo'-fier^ as Pliny and Jthenxns report, is Hamed Lyon, becaule it is of tlie fimic Colour. The C«»r/w« is of the kinde of four-footed Hearts, which do lay Eggs, as the Crocodile, and Lizard, which it llifficicntly rclcmblcs, fave that its Head 4nd Back is not Hat like the Lizards, who has like wile much Ihortcr leggs, with which it crawls very fait along the ground .-whereas the C4«iie//£'« has bngcr leggs, and goes ealily only upon Trees, where it delights it ielf much more than on the ground ; becaule, that as it is fa yd, it fears the Serpents, from which it cannot lecure it ieltc by Hight, and thaV from th.cnce it li)les thenj, C vvateb- |8 The Anatomical Defcription watching tlie opportunity wiien tlicy do pals, or Sleep under him, to Kill them with iiis Foam which he lets fall upon them. Belonius has oblerved two Species of Camelio/fs, one whereof is found in Arahix, the Other in ^gyft. Faber Lynceus adds a Third, which is in Mexico. That which we deferibe is thc^/€E[;^fw» one ; which is thegreateftofall: For tliofe of Anbis and Mexico, are not ordinarily more then fix inciies long, and ours which was brought us alive was in all, comprehending the Tail, eleven Inches and a half in length ; Pliny is greatly milhken, when he makes the Camelion as big as the Crocodile, which is the biggeft of all Animals: or if he intends ^o cojnp^rc it to tijLe Land CKocodik, he deceives bis ^radpr, lor that is lefs known tnan the Cdmelion , and whereof no body has fpokcn but himftlf, or upon his Report. Salmajius attributes this Fault to the ill Tranflation which Piiny has made of the Book, which DemocritM writ of the Cameiion ; in which, according to the lonitk Dialeit, the Crotcdile is catted by the Name whi^ commonly lignifics the Lizard. The Head of ours was an Inch and ten Lines ; from the Head to the beginning of the Tail, it was four Inches and a half ; tlie tail was five ; and the Feet were each two Inches and ^ lialf long. The Bulk of the Body was found diHerent at feverai times : For Ibmctimest it wa& two Inches from die Back unto the under part of the Belly » at other times it was (carce above an Inch>according as ic fwelled or contrad- cd it (elf i this fwellingand this contracting was not only in the Thorax and Belly, but it reached even to its, fore and hind-l^s, and its Tail. This par- ticular Circumilance, which Ai/(^ has ob&rved, makes us to think upon whit Thetfhrafies {kys o( the (^amfiJotff Lungs, viz* Tliat they do extend tjiro* the whole Body. Now tlntiii contrary Motions of fwclling and contracting are not done as in other Creatures, when to breath they dilate tlieir Brcaft, and preicntlyt contiacl it fuccelTively and orderly ; for we have feen it puft up above two Hours , duringwhich time it abated a little, but very imprcceptiUy, and f 'welled again a little, but with this difference, that the Dilatatiou was more fuddain and Vifible, and that by long and unequal intervals. We have like- wife fcen it continue unfwellcd for along fpace, and much longer than fwelled. In this Condition it appeared 16 lean, that tlie Spine was Iharp, ai if by the extenuation of the Mufcles which arc without along the Vertc hrs, the Skin was faftened upon the fpinous and oblique Atofhyfes ; whidi dilcovcreJ three Eminencies. The Ribbs might be counted, and the Ten- dons of the fore and liind-legs appeared very diftin^ly to the Eye ; But nei- ther tlie yertehr4^ like a Saw, which ijefner and LaiuUus, do in Htdigar report were feen on tlic Uuk, nor the Pricks which Panaroliu laith were placed tlici^ by Nature for its dcliznce, appeared tu us : how lean focver it grew, its back only remained Iharp and keen, without being jagged or having any Points ; the A fopfjyfeso( the Spine bein.5 (quarc at the end, as in the generality of A** nimals. Thi^ lankncls was known likcwilc wlien it turned its Body; for it fcetncd like an empty Sack that is twilki; which TertuHtam, who was of tile lanieCoutury with o\i\' Csmelion, Iwd very well oblervcd, when heliiys, that this Animal was but a living Sktn. This Skin was very cold to tljc touch ; and notwithftanding the fjrcat l.inknclil have bcendelaibing, it was impoflible to feel the beating ot tlw Heart, wlticli was more Iccret and ubicuie tluathc motion of its Breathing. "I'hc *• Of a C A M E L I O N. to Kill 19 The Superficies oi' the Skin was uneven, and railed in little Eminencics like Chagrin-., being nevertlielefs very loft to the touch, becaulc tliat every Enii- nencc was very liuootli : Theie Emincncics or Grains were of a dilferent fize ; the ^reateft part were like the head ofa middlc-fized Finn, viz., The Grains which covered the fore and hind-'cggs, the B.-lly and Tail; There were others Ibmcvvhat bigger, of an oval Shape, upon the Shoulders and Head; and fume of theie large Grains were higher^and more pointed, to witt, un- der the Throat, where they made a Row like Beads, which reached/rorn the lower lipp to the Brealt : The Grains which were upon the Back and Head, were joyncd and heaped together, Ibmetimes to the Number of Seven, ibme- time>Six, Five, Four, 'Ihree and Two; leaving between theie different heaps, Ibme diltances covered with othel- little Grains almoft imperceptible, winch were generally ofa pale Re^j and Tellomjh like the bottom of the Skin whic!iappe;!reJ between theie parcels ot Grains. This Ground changed not Colour tiil the Animal was dead, at which time the little Points grew whitc- ifli, and the Ground whereon they were lowed, changed its Red into a Dirk- Gray. Ir has been fincefoun.^, that all thefc Grains, as well the great as the little onesjuere made by the S!un which (welled outward, being hollow on the in- fide in the plac;: of everyGrain,like plates of Metal which are chaced or ftam- ped;in part alio thro* feveral little Pellicles verylleuder, and lying one upon a- nothcr, which incrcaicd the thicknefs of every Eminence ; which wereeafily railed, when they wercfcraped with a Penn-knife. But all this would not make the Skin relcmbic that ofa CrocodtUi as Jnfiotle with moft Authors would have it. For the Crocodile has upon its Back, very large thick Scales, proportionable to thofe under its Belly ; and they arc ranged one upon ano- ther ; wjicrcas t!ie Emincncics cf the Ozwr/Ws Skin, are Iprcad without Or- der, and little differing in fize. The Colour of all the Eminences of our Camelion when it was at reft in the flude, and had continued a long time untoucht, was a Bleivijb-GrAy, except- ing under tlic Paws, which was Ci White inclining to 7>^ii', and the Inter- v.ilui the Heap of Grains, which was oiai Pale and yel/owjb /{<•/- me GrfjTy othrs of the common Blerv/Jb Gray^ tlie ground remaining as be- fore. When the Sun did not fhine, the firft Gray came again by little and Httle, artd (prcad it felfall over the Body, except under the Feet, which continu- ied of the fame Colour, but a little Bt owner. And when being in riiis ftate, (bme of the Company handled it to obfervc Ibmething, there immediately appeared on its Shoulders, artd forc-leggs, feveral very B/4fl(7//& fpotts about the bignefs of one's Nail ; which happened not wlien it was handled by thole that lookt after it: Sometimes it was marked with Brom» Spotts, which in- clined to a Green. We afterwards wrapped it up in a Linnen Cloatli, where liaving been two or three minutes, we took it out Whiteijh ; but not fb White as that of which AldiovMndm (peaks, whicii was not tobe (een, by bccomin" exadly like the Linnen on which it was laycd. Ours, which had only changed its ordinary Gra^ into a very pale one, after having kept this Colour fome- 'time, loft it inlenfibly. This Experiment makes us queftion if it be true, that the Cimvlim takes "all GokMirs except White^ vi Theofhrajha and Plutrach report: For ours letimcd to have fuch a difpofltion to receive this Colour, that it waxed pate 'every niglit ; and when it was dead, it had more IVhite than any other Co- lour. We (Hd not find like wile that it changed Colour all over the Body, as Arifiotle reports : For wlien it takes other Colours than its Gray, and difguif- cs it (elf to go in«Ma(querade, as Miiait (ay*s plcalantly, it covers only certain -parts of its Body therewith. • l4tftly,to conclude the Experiment of the Colours which the Cdwelion call take, it was lay'd on things of various Colours, and wrapped up there in ; but it took not them, as it had done thtWhite ; and it took that only the firil time it was made , although it was Icvcral times repeated on different Daycs. In makeing theft Experiments, we oblerved that there were a great ma- ny places of its Skin which grew Broom, but very little at any time. To be more certain thefeof, we marked with little points of Ink thufc Graines which to us appeared moft fVhife when it waxed Pt/e ; and we always found that when it grew Brmnefi, and its Skin fpottcd, thole Grains which we had marked were alwayes lets Bronm than the reft. Its Head relembled that of a F^, being very clolcly joynr d to the'Breaft, and by a very Ihort Neck, which was covered on the fides, with two Car- liU^ineom rifingi, which rcfcmblcd the Gills ofFiJh. There was a Creft crcft- cd )uft upon 'tne Crown of the Head, and two other Crcfts over the Eyes, turned like an S longways. Between thclc three Crcfts there were two Cd- vitys aloni; the upper part of the Head. Its No(e madcui obtuli.- Point ; and there were two Edges whicli reach- ed from tlie hyc-brows to the end of the Nofe, and which mnclc it to relem* bic that of a Arrjijjj. Arijtotle fays thit it is like to the ChteropiilietUs, which is an unknown Animal, the Name whereof fhcws its 'icitvatioii robe from an j4f>e and Ifc : But tite Nolc of our Cdmelion rclcmblcd ueitiicr that of the 0/ a C AM ELI ON. 31 :'Brcaft, m Car- c Eyes, wo C'4- rcacli- reicm- which from It of the Apf, Ape^ nor of the h.og: for the lower Jaw itands out tarfhei: ihau tlie upper* which is quite dilfcrent from the fhout of a Hog. At the end of the Note there was a hole on each fide like a Noftril. Be- ionim leems to be of opinion that thefe holes do like wife iervc for the Hear- ing ; and that lb rationally, thaxAlcmaeo fayd, by the report of Ar:jlotley tha( Goats do brenth through the Ears, which is a thing jEIUo lays, ought to k he- ieived only h the Goat-heards, althoT«/p/'«* in his Obfervatious allures us, tkit if> M/in himfelf there is found, apajfage ivhidi conveys the Air tnto the Mou'-h thro the E-irs. The truth is, that our Camelton imd no other holes in the Head but thefe two Noftrils, through which it is probable it breaths, bc- caule that its Mouth is commonly lb clolely Ihut, that it feems to have none, its two Jaws being joyned by an almoft unperceiviible Line, altho' iiolinw Writes that its Month ts dwnys open: Which may make us to think that Soli- ntti, and the genrality of thofc which have deicribed tiie Camelion, never law one alive ; for they do make the Mouth open, which is not ul'ual but when it is" dead. " Thefe Jaws are furnifhed with Teeth, or rather with a dentillated or in- dented fione,which co us appeared not at all ferviceable to it m eating ;becauic that it fwall0wc(i the Flyes, and otlicr Inieds which it catched, without chewing them. jElian lays th/it tt defends itfclfAgainft the Serpent, by the help eft great Stiek whiel) it takes in its Mouth \ and^its probable diat its leethinay ^rve to hold \x.h&\ but it is to bcunderHoodthat it holds it crols-wife, to hinder the AVr/r/i/ from fwallowing him up, as it ulually do's f >(9g.f and Li- zMrdsy whole: For there is no poflibility of explaining this place of >^/i;» as Gefner and Aldrovandm do, wlio think that theC4fMlton makes ufe of this Stick ss of a Buckler or Saord wf^r^mtl) it defends it felf agtUnft the Serpent, as a fen- cer would do \ 'for it is not nimble enough for that. The Mouth was flit after a peculiar manner / For whereas other Animals have generally tlie opening of tlie Lips, much Icls than that of the Jaws; the Lips of our Camelion were flit beyond the Jaw the Icngtli of two lines, and this continuation of tin: Hit delccndcd obliquely downwards. The Form, Strufturc, and Motion of its Eye* had fomething very pecu- liar. They were very large, containing above five lines in Diameter. They appeared Upharical, jutting out full half of tl»eir Ball, which was covered with one fingic Eye-lid made like a Cap pierced with a hole through the mid- die, this hole not exceeding one line in breadth. I'hrough this little hole the Vu^tlU which was brisk and clear, and lurrounded as it were with a little golden Circle, was eafily enough perceived, although Arifiotle lay's tlut this Circle cannot be dilcerncd till after that the Eye-lid be taken away by DilTe£lion. This Eve-lid was rough like the rell of the Skin ; and when the body variegated it Iclf into fcveral Colours, making Ipots which were at different times of different Figures, thole of the Eye always rcnwincd of the lame fort; for the barrsor ftreaks tinged with that Colour which came o- \ cr the reft of the Baly, parted from the hole of the Fyc-lidd as iVom a Cen- ter, and were extended towards the Circumference like rays. The forepart of the Eye was faltcncd to the Lid, which neither railed nor fhut down it lelf as in other Creatures, who can give their llye-lid a dittcrcnt motion from that of the I^yc, for that of our CrfwrZ/cw couM not remove it iclf, but the Eyc-lidd followul its Motion. Which /V/»r fejnis roexprels I h ; The AitJtontiail Dcjcription but very improperly, when he lays that the fight or Pupilla of tie Camclio Jiirs Ao.', I lit that it is the whole Eye whic'i moves \ for there is no Creature that Ihrrs tlie PrunelU wlien all the relt oF the Eye Ihnds itill. But what is more extraordinary in this motion, is to lee one of the Ej es move whih^ the c- thcr remains immoveable, and the one to turn forward, at the lame time that tlie other looks behind ; the one to look up totheSkie, when the other is fixed on the Ground : And all tlicie motions to be lb extream, that they do carry the PutilU under tlie Creft which makes the Eye-brow, and (b Far in- to tlie CW;;/,/ or Corners of the Eye, that the Sight can dilcern whatever is done jultly behind and directly bcfoic, without turning tho Head which is falhned to the S!iouldcrs. AnjtotU, who has delcribed the Camelion more cxadly than any other Animal, lias omitted tliis particular circumltancc of this extraordinary motion of the Eyes, which in truth is not found in the MfxicinC.xm:ltoti'. But it is probible that is not that which ^r/y/o/Ztr has de- lcribed. He has not alio oblei vcd that this little hole of the Eye-lidd doles by enlarginf^ it lelf crols-\vile,even to the m-kingonc finglc flitt, which very cx- aftly unites the upper part with the lower; for he [jiys that the fides of that lole do never ]oyn to^ctiar to clofe the Eye. Pltny and Holtniu do likewile averr the fame thing, and almoll all Naturalills, who have only leen Carnelions in the Books of thcle Authors. , That part of the Body which is called the Trunck, and which compre- hends the T/jorax and Belly, was in our Camelion a Tlmxx alone, witli fcarcc anyBelly ; wliich JriJhtU hath .better oblerved than Pltnyy who fay's th^it the CdvnQiion^ JireajHsjoynedjo Its Belly; for that is not peculiar to it, being fo in all Animals, which have nothing between the Brcall and Belly.But when Jrifht/e lay's, that the Camclion's Breajl as in EiHl, is joyned to the HypogaP. trium, which is the lower Belly, he clearly ihtws that the Ribbs do dclcend as low as the Ilia, whereas other Animals have only the tranfverfe Jjf6pl>yfes ofthcLoyns, the reft being Bone-lcis, and therefore hy Hippocrates czWcd raid. Its four Feet were alike. They differed only in this that the forc- nioll were bent backwards, and the hindmoll forwards, and it may be laid that tJK'le are four Arms which have their four Elbows bendinLj inwards, c- very one conlilVing as it were of a Humerw^ articulated with two Bones like to a Radttu ^ndCHt/tus. SolinHs is miltaken, when he lays that the Cameli- ins K'ct are Jo\ ned to the Belly ; for in ours thole behind were articulated with the Os ijchium^ and thole before were fallened to the Omojilatx. 'Yh^: four Paws were cvciy one compoled of five Clasvs, and better releni- hied Hands than Feet. They, as well thole before as behind, were divided ill two; which made as it were two Hands to each Arm, and tA'O Feet to e ic!i Leg; For thou^li one of tl ele parts had but two Claws, and the oihci" three, \ett!iey were as large as one another, the Claws, which were tv\'ti tin J tWv) i>eing larger tiian tliofe which were three and three. Tiiele Claws \s ere doled together under one skin as in a Mittin, and were divided only i.i the l,il: |.)\ IK, to which the Nails are fallened. Thedilpontion of thele Faws wasdi.'Lient, in that iliole tliat were befoie had two Claws outwards and i!irecin'.vard>, cjiitrary to tliofe beliiiiJ, which had three outwardj and two 111 .v,u'd>. U'i:!j tliwl^ Va\\\ it caught l:o!d on the little bran:!iei oi Trees like a Par- rott th Li t 0/4CAMELION. 2q amclio irc that is more the c- ic time c other they do ) far in- tcver is vhicli is n more lance of I in the' • has dc- :lofcs by very cx- s ofthdt ifc aven* lelions in comprc- li fcarce s th!